ESTIMATING LABORATORY NEEDS
FOR
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
Office of Water Program Operations
U S, Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D C 20460
Contract No 68-01-0328
June, 1973
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Inquiries pertaining to this report should be directed to:
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
Office of Water Program Operations
U. S Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D. C 20460
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EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the Water Quality
Office and approved for publication
Approval does not signify that the contents
necessarily reflect the views and policies of the
Water Quality Office, nor does mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
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CONTENTS
Chapter Page
SUMMARY 1
I. INTRODUCTION 2
Organization of Report 2
II. SAMPLING AND TESTING PROGRAMS 4
Philosophy of Testing 4
Recommended Programs 4
Additional Programs 7
III. PHYSICAL FACILITIES 9
Equipment, Supplies and Chemicals 9
Requirements for Space 11
Efficient Layout 12
IV. STAFFING 15
Procedure for Estimating Staffing 15
Qualifying Factors 16
V. LABORATORY SERVICES 20
Regional Laboratories 20
Combined Laboratories 21
VI. FUTURE ENDEAVORS 23
FIGURES Following
Page
Figure II-l Primary and Secondary Treatment Schemes 8
Figure II-2 Physical-Chemical and Advanced Wastewater Treatment Schemes 8
APPENDIXES
Appendix A Estimated Sampling and Testing Needs
Appendix B Estimated Equipment and Supplies
Appendix C Estimated Space Requirements
Appendix D Estimated Staffing
Appendix E Example Problems
Appendix F Plants Surveyed
Appendix G References
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SUMMARY
Municipal wastewater treatment plant laboratories must be specifically tailored for each
individual installation because of the large variety of treatment processes and the
numerous combinations of processes. Because of this, the estimation of laboratory needs
contained herein can be only general.
This report gives criteria for sampling and testing, physical facilities, staffing, and
laboratory services.
Considerations for sampling and testing needs are for individual processes and include the
minimum and the best testing requirements. The testing program of a wastewater
treatment facility must be designed to meet the needs of that facility. This program can
be developed from the "Estimated Unit Process Sampling and Testing Needs," found in
Appendix A.
Guidelines for equipment and supplies are divided into six categories: Major Equipment,
Miscellaneous Equipment, Expendable Supplies, Glass and Plasticware, Test Kits, and
Chemicals. The guidelines for Major Equipment and Chemicals are based on testing
requirements, while the others are usually general and indicate items needed at any
laboratory.
Procedures for estimating staffing needs are essentially those given in "Estimating Staffing
for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities," a report prepared for the Environmental
Protection Agency by CH2M/HILL, March 1973. This procedure gives the annual base
man-hours for laboratories serving the several types of treatment facilities and includes
methods for adjusting the number of man-hours for local conditions.
Criteria for optimizing laboratory services describe two ways in which this can be done.
These are regional laboratories to serve several facilities and local laboratories that serve
both water and wastewater facilities.
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73
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I. INTRODUCTION
The suggestions for estimating laboratory needs given here should not be viewed as strict
requirements. Instead, they should provide guidance in the development of a control
program for a wastewater laboratory that will help assure efficient operation of the
wastewater treatment facility. The criteria are suggested minimums; some laboratories can
provide an efficient control program with less equipment and fewer tests, Sometimes an
effective laboratory program can be operated in less space. Conversely, laboratories may
have to make more intensive tests and, therefore, require more equipment Tests may
sometimes be made by uncommon, but acceptable methods An example of this is the
auto-analyzer equipment method for determining some of the various forms of nitrogen-
COD tests or total organic carbon (TOC) tests, in lieu of BOD tests, should be made only
when sufficient back-up data are available for BOD analysis. Local conditions and
requirements will determine whether or not the laboratory can deviate from the
guidelines. The control program of each laboratory must be determined by the needs of
the facility it serves.
ORGANIZATION OF REPORT
The estimated sampling and testing needs in Chapter 2 were developed for 29 of the
more common unit processes. They indicate frequency of testing, the point of collecting
the test sample, the method of sampling, and the reason for the test. A method is also
given to determine overall testing requirements for any combination of unit processes.
Equipment guidelines in Chapter 3 were developed for major equipment, miscellaneous
equipment, expendable supplies, glass and plasticware, test kits, and chemicals. These
criteria for the provision of equipment and supplies were developed on the basis of
minimum and optimum equipment levels and facility size.
The criteria for space requirements, also found in Chapter 3, were developed from
present practices with modifications for facility type and increased testing requirements.
The procedures for estimating staffing needs in Chapter 4 are essentially those found in
the report, "Estimating Staffing for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities," prepared
for the Environmental Protection Agency in March 1973 by CH2M/HILL [1].
Chapter 5 discusses criteria for optimizing laboratory services. Guidelines for regional
laboratories, either private or government controlled, are presented. Criteria are also given
for combining water and wastewater treatment plant laboratories.
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The final chapter discusses suggested future endeavors for updating this report.
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II. SAMPLING AND TESTING PROGRAMS
PHILOSOPHY OF TESTING
There are essentially four reasons for laboratory testing at wastewater treatment facilities:
process control, cost control, historical data, and requirements of regulatory agencies
Process control testing includes those tests necessary to insure that a given unit process is
operating properly. Cost control testing includes tests run to keep down operating
expenses at the treatment facilities. Historical testing comprises those tests that provide a
backlog of data of wastewater characteristics or process flow features. Although not
generally used to operate the treatment facility, historical data provide a basis for design
of future expansions to the treatment facilities and a record in the event of public or
private investigations of facility operation. The fourth and final reason for testing,
regulatory agency requirements, is determined by applicable permit requirements and
local conditions such as characteristics of the receiving stream and subsequent uses of the
stream.
Investigation of existing laboratory control practices at wastewater treatment facilities
throughout the country preceded development of these estimating procedures Appendix
F lists plants surveyed. This investigation indicated that the laboratories of many
wastewater treatment facilities conduct only those tests required by local authorities, if
such requirements exist, or only those tests that suit the convenience of the treatment
facility personnel In many cases, tests were not used to operate the treatment facility or
improve its efficiency, As in private industry, a wastewater treatment facility is a
production process and can be operated at various levels of efficiency The point of
highest operating efficiency is that at which the highest quality of treated wastewater is
produced at lowest cost. Thus, process control tests may be viewed as cost control tests,
and efficient operation is assured largely by adequate laboratory control and use of
laboratory data,
RECOMMENDED PROGRAMS
The suggestions for sampling and testing differ with many present practices The
discussion above on the philosophy of testing indicates that many wastewater treatment
facilities do not now diligently follow an effective laboratory control program,
consequently many facilities are operated below their maximum efficiency. The
development of a laboratory testing program that follows the testing suggestions and the
judicious application of the resulting data should help assure more effective operation of
wastewater treatment facilities.
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Determination of the overall testing criteria of any particular treatment facility requires
an elementary knowledge of waste water treatment schemes. Figures II-1 and II-2 show
the various combinations of treatment processes and flow schemes for primary and
secondary and for physical-chemical and advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) processes.
The treatment flow scheme of the particular installation should be drawn by reference to
these figures before attempting to determine testing requirements.
SAMPLING-ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND TESTING NEEDS
(Appendix A) indicate the sampling points for the individual unit processes. In Appendix
A the method of sampling is also indicated: either 24-hour composite or grab samples.
Composite samples are combined individual samples collected at predetermined periodic
intervals over a 24-hour period; the volume of each sample is proportional to the flow
rate at the time of its collection. A grab sample is an individual sample, the volume of
which is not proportional to the flow rate. Composite samples even out fluctuations
which normally occur in the wastewater characteristics over the period of collection.
Thus, the composite sample represents an average condition, Wastewater characteristics
subject to change with time cannot be analyzed from the composite sample; analysis of
these constituents must be made on grab samples. Examples of constituents that are
subject to change with time are: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and microscopic
analysis of biological characteristics. Automatic samplers should be used where the
guidelines indicate 24-hour composite samples.
Sample points must be located to avoid recycle flows. For example, the incoming plant
flow must be sampled ahead of the point of entry of recycle flows such as digester
supernatant, filter backwash, sludge thickener subnatant or supernatant, or any other
in-plant recycle flows. Likewise, samples on the aeration basin influent, in the activated
sludge process, must be taken ahead of the point of entry of the recycle sludge. Sampling
points should be located where the flow stream is well mixed; if large particles are
present, the sample should be homogenized in a laboratory blender. For a further
discussion of methods of sampling and the handling of samples, refer to references [2],
[3], and [4],
During design of the treatment facility, special attention should be given to location and
accessibility of sampling points. Junction boxes, access manholes, or pipe taps should be
piovided at appropriate locations.
TESTING—The sampling and testing recommendations given in Appendix A were
developed for individual wastewater treatment unit processes. By using this approach, the
testing requirements for any combination of unit processes can be determined; however,
when combining these various unit processes, some redundancy of testing will occur. This
is so because certain tests suggested for the effluent from some unit processes will be
identical with those suggested for the influent of immediately subsequent unit processes.
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ims redundancy may be eliminated by the use of Work Sheets A, B, C, and D of
Appendix A (pages A-30 to A-33), The use of these work sheets also allows the user to
determine the overall testing needs for any given wastewater facility. Example problems
are illustrated in Appendix E. The procedure for determining these testing requirements is
as follows:
1, Draw a schematic flow diagram of the treatment process, Show the direction of
flow between the processes by arrows. Show all recycle flows Refer to Figures
II-1 and II-2 at the end of this Chapter for assistance. Note any areas of
concern, e.g., step 4, note "d" below,
2. Identify all sampling points on the schematic diagram with a symbol of the
user's choice. Locate the sampling points by reference to the ESTIMATED
UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND TESTING NEEDS (Appendix A),
3. Refer to the Work Sheets A, B, C, and D of Appendix A, Write in the names
of the individual unit processes and flow streams on all the work sheets.
4. List all tests and their frequency on all work sheets. Refer to the ESTIMATED
UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND TESTING NEEDS of Appendix A for this
information.
Notes:
a. Plant complexity may require more than one work sheet for Work Sheets
B,C, and D
b. For purposes of completing Work Sheet A, the initial unit process is that
process immediately following any pretreatment processes as defined on
Figure II-1, The final unit process is that process immediately preceding
disinfection plus the disinfection process,
c. Do not reconsider the influent to the initial unit process, or the effluent
from the final unit process, in completing Work Sheet B, This was already
considered in Work Sheet A,
d. When completing Work Sheet B, for two or more process flows discharging
to a common unit process, combine the effluent testing of the discharging
unit processes.
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e. For branching flows, sample and test ahead of the branching point.
Provide flow recording in each branch, if indicated. Indicate testing only
once in the work sheets. An example of this is the branching flow in the
secondary clarifier underflow with the activated sludge process Some of
the flow is recycled to the aeration basin, and the waste sludge is
discharged to sludge treatment, The underflow need be sampled only once
at a point ahead of the branching point. These tests would be indicated on
Work Sheet B for process flow from the secondary clarifier to whatever
sludge treatment process is employed. Provide only flow measurement on
the individual branches In the example cited above, only flow
measurement would be indicated on Work Sheet D, Recycle Flow Testing
Flow measurement for waste sludge to treatment would be indicated on
Work Sheet B.
f. Consider final sludge and/or other solids disposal as a unit process for
completing Work Sheet B.
5, Inspect the work sheets for testing overlaps, i.e., similar tests at successive
testing points such as the effluent of a given unit process and the influent of
the succeeding unit process; plant influent and initial unit process influent, final
unit process effluent, and plant effluent. Select the higher testing frequency of
similar tests and eliminate tests with the lower frequency,
6 In the right-hand column of each of the work sheets, list the corrected
minimum and/or optional testing needs.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS
In addition to the sampling and testing suggested in Appendix A, the laboratory staff
often must monitor wastewater at locations other than the treatment facility, increase
testing frequency, or run additional types of tests Examples of additional tests include
monitoring industrial sources, receiving water, up-line testing in the wastewater collection
system, and any additional testing at the treatment facility which may be required by
regulatory agencies.
Additional testing requirements must be determined on a facility by facility basis as there
are too many variables to permit inclusion of all testing requirements in this report
Therefore, the user of this report should investigate thoroughly the local conditions and
the regulatory agency requirements. This investigation should include consultation with
personnel of the appropriate regulatory agency.
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INDUSTRIAL SOURCE MONITORING-Monitoring for constituents from industrial
sources may be necessary to determine service charges for individual industries
Constituents most commonly tested are flow, BOD, COD, suspended solids, volatile
solids, pH, and temperature. Other tests may be required because of the type of
industrial effluent and the processes employed at the wastewater treatment facility. The
frequency of sampling and testing depends to a large degree on the characteristics of the
industrial wastewater. Many industries, particularly food processing, operate only
seasonally. While these industries do not require a continuous sampling and testing
program, many industries operate year around and may require continual sampling and
testing of their wastewater flow, particularly if wastewater characteristics fluctuate.
RECEIVING WATER TESTING-The amount of testing required on receiving water
largely depends on the type of receiving water, e,g., lake or stream and the intended
subsequent use of the receiving water. Testing requirements for receiving waters usually
are determined by local regulatory authorities,
UP-LINE TESTING-Many municipalities may require up-line sampling and testing at
strategic points throughout the wastewater collection system to pinpoint locations that
contribute abnormal amounts of a given constituent.
ADDITIONAL REGULATORY AGENCY REQUIREMENTS-Regulatory agency
requirements may dictate additional testing of wastewater characteristics to those
indicated in Appendix A. These additional requirements are generally for such local
conditions as climate, stream flow, other pollutional sources on the receiving stream, and
subsequent uses of the receiving water. Tests may also have to be made for heavy metals,
turbidity, phosphorous, and nitrogen, and may be required more often than indicated
herein.
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Ill PHYSICAL FACILITIES
EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES AND CHEMICALS
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES-Appendix B, Tables B-l through B-5, give estimated
needs for equipment and supplies
Minimum and optimum levels for equipment are indicated The choice between minimum
and optimum levels of equipment should be based on an evaluation of cost effectiveness
and a desire to achieve optimum plant efficiency. Some typical elements to consider are
the following:
o Frequency of tests
o Sophistication of unit processes
o Trade-offs between more or better-trained lab staff vs. optimum equipment
o Trade-offs between duplicating minimum equipment items vs. replacement with
fewer optimum equipment items.
o Flexibility to cope with unforeseen increases in testing requirements if
optimum equipment is used
The estimated equipment needs were developed for testing methods described m
references [2] and [4], Refer to Appendix E, "Example Problems," for illustrations or
estimating equipment needs
Suggested major equipment needs, given in Table B-l, have been developed for minimum
and optimum levels of equipment, plant design flow, and the type of laboratory tests
Selection of items of major equipment can be made after testing requirements have been
determined.
The remaining equipment guidelines, Miscellaneous Equipment, Table B-2; Expendable
Equipment, Table B-3; Glass and Plasticware, Table B-4; and Test Kits, Table B-5, have
also been developed for minimum and optimum levels of equipment and plant design
flow. Unlike the criteria for major equipment items, the remaining equipment needs
usually are not dependent on the type of laboratory tests These equipment items are for
general laboratory use and include the various clamps, burets, beakers, graduated
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cylinders, dishes, glass slides, filter paper, etc., which are needed in the laboratory of any
treatment facility. In some instances, pieces of glassware, equipment or supplies may be
needed only for certain tests. Some examples of these are the Soxhlet Extraction
Assembly, suggested in the estimated "Glass and Plasticware," Table B-4, required only
for grease analysis; a reflux condenser, also suggested in the estimated "Glass and
Plasticware," needed only for COD analysis; or asbestos gloves, suggested in the estimated
"Expendable Supplies," Table B-3, required when the laboratory has a muffle furnace
The estimated equipment needs indicate a range of numbers or amounts for most of the
minor equipment items and supplies, The quantity of equipment and/or supplies within
the indicated range should be sufficient to assure suitable operation of the laboratory.
Needs of the laboratory will determine the actual number of any particular item. If the
quantity of equipment is at the low end of the indicated range, personnel may be
inconvenienced with frequent washing of glassware or searching for a minor equipment
item. If the quantity is at the higher end of the range, some backup stock would be
available to allow for breakage of equipment or depletion of supplies This backup stock
would lessen the frequency of ordering and should help prevent complete exhaustion of
equipment or supply items with the consequent interruption of laboratory services. Many
minor equipment and supply items may not actually be required for conducting the
suggested testing program. The intent is to provide the laboratories with sufficient
flexibility to change or add to their testing program as unforeseen problems arise.
Special emphasis should be given to the guidelines for expendable supplies guidelines. The
quantities of items shown in this'table are the average quantities that should be on hand
at all times.
In some instances, outside laboratory services may be used for part or all of the testing.
Suggestions for use of outside laboratories are given in Chapter V. The use of outside
laboratories may permit a reduction in laboratory equipment; the amount of reduction
would depend on the amount of use of such services.
CHEMICALS-The chemical requirements for any wastewater treatment plant laboratory
may be determined from Table B-6, Chemical Needs, of Appendix B This lists the
chemicals required for each of the laboratory tests. Following each chemical, an amount
is shown in parentheses. This amount, in most cases, is that which is suggested by
"Standard Methods" [4] or "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, 1971"
[2]. The amounts will allow the preparation of sufficient quantities of reagents, such as
titrants, for a reasonable number of tests. Some chemicals are used for a variety of
purposes, consequently only approximate amounts could be given in Table B-6
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Common stock reagents of 15N sodium hydroxide, ION sulfuric acid, and 6N
hydrochloric acid are shown at the top of Table B-6 The quantity of chemical necessary
to make up these reagents is also shown These stock reagents are of relatively high
strength and are commonly used in the production of reagents of lesser strengths The
stock reagents, either diluted or full strength, are used for some tests, and this is so noted
for the tests listed in Table B-6 In these instances, no chemical quantity is given for the
stock reagent because the quantity of chemical has already been given for the common
stock reagent at the beginning of Table B-6
The amounts of the various chemicals required for a wastewater treatment laboratory are
determined by first defining the overall testing needs for the given wastewater treatment
facility, as illustrated in Chapter II, Then determine the chemical needs from Table B-6
Twice the indicated quantities of chemicals should be ordered to provide a backup stock
This backup stock will allow some flexibility in laboratory operation for minor changes
in testing requirements such as periodic tests of process flow characteristics that may be
required to solve plant operating problems
The chemical needs indicate only the minimum quantities of chemicals The quantities of
chemicals depends largely on personal preference of laboratory personnel, economics and
the degree of use of outside laboratory services. Packaging policies of chemical
manufacturers will also dictate the minimum amounts of chemicals which can be
purchased. Better prices can usually be obtained by purchasing chemicals in large
amounts. Many chemicals, however, deteriorate with time or are subject to contamination
by ordinary atmospheric constituents Such chemicals should not be purchased in large
quantities
Additional testing, such as that indicated in Chapter II, will require a laboratory to carry
larger stocks of chemicals than indicated in Table B-6 In most instances, a 100 percent
backup stock should be sufficient to allow laboratory personnel to make any additional
tests for a long enough period of time to determine future chemical needs
REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACE
The curves for estimating space requirements are shown in Appendix C, Figures C-l
through C-3 The curves were developed from information obtained from the interviews
at the various sewage treatment facilities, the comments of the plant or laboratory
personnel; and the criteria for testing and for equipment and supplies contained in this
publication These curves can be read directly to find laboratory floor area, bench surface
area, and cabinet volume. Figures obtained from the curves include allowances for
suggested increases in testing, equipment and supplies Note that the curve for estimating
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bench area indicates this area as a percentage of floor space; this percentage decreases
with plant size The curve for estimating cabinet volume indicates this volume directly as
a function of plant size, as does the curve for estimating laboratory floor space.
The user is cautioned to note the minimum requirement for any of these areas or
volumes, This minimum requirement, noted on each of the figures, is 180 square feet for
floor space for activated sludge, physical-chemical and/or AWT plants; and 150 square
feet for primary, trickling filter or pond-type plants. The minimum bench area is 40
percent of the floor space and the minimum cabinet volume is 200 cubic feet- The floor
space suggested in Figure C-l also includes space for laboratory office space
The curves, developed for facilities of less than 25 mgd, were checked with laboratory
floor area, bench area and cabinet volume at larger facilities and were found to agree
closely with those areas and volumes
EFFICIENT LAYOUT
Efficient laboratory operation depends largely on the physical layout of the laboratory
The physical layout in this instance is meant to include such things as working area
arrangement, the number and location of sinks and electrical outlets, the arrangement of
laboratory equipment, materials of construction and lighting The layout details can
affect the accuracy of the laboratory tests For example, tests that include identification
of some colorimetric end point, such as heavy metals determinations, can be drastically
affected by the type of lighting and the finishes on laboratory facilities
An excellent discussion of criteria for laboratory layout has been developed by the
Michigan Water Pollution Control Association These criteria have been included with the
1971 edition of the Ten States Standards [5]. These criteria should be considered when
laying out a laboratory
The following list of criteria is a generalization of the items suggested in the above
reference A few minor modifications have been made,
o A northern exposure provides more uniform lighting and is preferred,
o Adequate lighting should be provided Color corrected fluorescent lighting is
suggested
o Wall and floor finishes should be light in color and nonglare. Flat finish type
wall paint is suggested Floor finishes should be of a single color for ease of
locating small items that have been dropped
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Floor covering, in addition to being nonglare, should be easy to clean and
comfortable
Aisle width between work benches should be at least 4 feet Also, adequate
spacing should be provided around floor-standing equipment, workbenches, or
file cabinets to facilitate cleaning
Storage space for reagent stock should be under workbenches Reagent
containers removed from storage areas under workbenches are less likely to be
dropped than reagent containers removed from storage in the inconvenient and
hard-to-reach areas above the work bench areas Only those items that are
infrequently used, or chemicals of a nondangerous nature, should be stored
above workbenches Strong acids or bases should never be stored out of the
convenient reach of the laboratory personnel
One sink, large enough to wash laboratory equipment, should be provided for
every 25 to 30 feet of bench length One sink should be sufficient when total
bench length is less than 25 feet The minimum size of this sink should be
21-1/2 inches by 15-1/2 inches by 8 inches and it should be made of chemical
resistant material Cup sinks also should be provided at strategic locations on
the bench surface to facilitate laboratory testing They too should be made of
chemical resistant material The number of cup sinks depends largely on the
type of tests that will be run The general rule, however, is one cup sink for
every 25 to 30 feet of bench length These cup sinks should be alternated with
the wash sinks at 12- to H-foot intervals Where workbench assemblies are
provided in the center of the laboratory, a trough type sink down the center of
the workbench may be provided in lieu of cup sinks A hot and cold water tap
should be placed at approximately every 5 to 10 feet along the trough.
Electrical receptacles should be provided at strategic points for convenient and
efficient operation of the laboratory Duplex type receptacles should be spaced
at 1,5-foot intervals along benches used for laboratory tests. Strip molding
receptacles may be used.
Gas fixtures also should be provided at convenient locations on the bench used
for laboratory tests One gas fixture should be provided for every 15-foot
length of bench
Bench tops should be suitable for heavy duty work and resistant to chemical
attack. Resm impregnated natural stone provides such a surface
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o Bench surfaces should be 36 inches high and 30 inches high, respectively, for
work done from standing and sitting positions.
o Bench surfaces should be at least 30 inches wide,
o Equipment arrangement should be given special consideration in laying out the
laboratory facility. Pieces of equipment used for making common tests should
be in close proximity. For example, the drying oven used in making total,
suspended and dissolved solids tests should be close to the muffle furnace for
determining total volatile solids and volatile suspended solids from the samples
dried in the drying oven. The drying oven and the muffle furnace should be
near the balance table because the balance is used in the weight determinations
for the various solids tests.
o Safety is a prime consideration of a laboratory. The first aid kit, fire
extinguisher, eye wash and emergency shower should be near the main working
area of the laboratory. If the safety shower is not provided in a separate
shower stall, a floor drain should be nearby.
o The analytical balance should be on a separate table. This table should be at
least 30 inches in length by 24 inches deep. It should not transmit vibrations
that would adversely affect the operation of the balance.
o A separate table is desirable for plants that use a microscope This table should
be about 30 inches long by 24 inches deep and 27 inches high.
o Fume hoods, if provided, should be near the area where most laboratory tests
are made,
SATELLITE LABORATORIES-Small strategically located laboratories throughout the
treatment facility may result in more efficient and convenient operation. In general,
however, these satellite laboratories may be most useful in the larger wastewater
treatment facilities, especially in those larger than 25 mgd and employing sophisticated
methods of wastewater treatment that require close laboratory control, A large facility
that uses a diversified array of biological and/or physical-chemical treatment processes
could especially benefit from satellite laboratories. Small satellite laboratories may prove
uneconomical for the smaller-sized wastewater treatment facilities that employ less
sophisticated processes because of the extra cost of duplicated equipment and the less
efficient use of this equipment and laboratory personnel
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IV STAFFING
Laboratory staffing guidelines are essentially those presented in "Estimating Staffing for
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities," prepared by CH2M/HILL for the
Environmental Protection Agency in March 1973 [1] These staffing guidelines were
developed from information gathered from wastewater treatment facilities throughout the
country The information concerning laboratory staffing is summarized in Appendix D
The base level for laboratory manpower is shown in Appendix D, Figure D-l. The base
level must be adjusted according to the Table of Adjustment for Local Conditions
(TALC), Figure D-2.
PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING STAFFING
The overall laboratory manpower estimate is determined as follows (see also Appendix E,
Example Problems):
1. From Figure D-l, find the annual number of man-hours for the size and type
of wastewater treatment facility under consideration,
2 From Figure D-2, select the correction percentage for the particular
characteristics shown in the TALC that applies to the wastewater treatment
facility under consideration
3. Add up all the percentages for the adjustments that apply, noting which are
plus and which are minus Then multiply the man-hour figure from Figure D-l
by the total percentage (the algebraic sum of all of the percentages from the
adjustments that apply) and either add or subtract the product from total
number of man-hours
4. Before converting the annual number of man-hours into number of men, the
actual on-the-job hours per man per year must be estimated, a number much
smaller than the theoretical 2,080 hours per year (40 hours per week by 52
weeks) The estimate, based on information obtained from operating
wastewater treatment facilities, assumes:
o There are a maximum of 260 working days per year,
o Total sick leave, vacations and holidays is 29 days per year, and
o Produtive work amounts to 6-1/2 hours per day
-15-
-------
These calculations show that one person actually works 1,500 hours per year.
The 1,500 figure can be adjusted for local conditions
Subtract 10 percent from the adjusted annual laboratory manpower hours
before dividing by the 1,500. Ten percent of the work is assumed to be done
by personnel other than laboratory personnel regardless of plant size. This work
includes such things as occasional sampling and testing by operational personnel
at times when the laboratory personnel are not on duty or busy performing
other lab duties,
5. The laboratory manpower figure calculated in Step 4 frequently must be
adjusted by judgment. Thus, if the number of men calculated by Step 4 results
in a fraction of a man, then judgment must be exercised as to whether or not
to add another man. This decision will be influenced by the ability of the lesser
number of laboratory personnel to get the laboratory work done, possibly with
the help of the treatment facility operational staff. Such a shift in work may
not be possible at union plants because of segregation of responsibilities by the
union. This may require additional employees.
QUALIFYING FACTORS
This section explains the adjustment factors included in the TALC Figure D-2. These
qualifying factors can be divided into two classifications: those factors over which
personnel have no control and those over which personnel associated with the facility or
laboratory can exercise some control. Factors which can be attributed to the first
classification are:
o Degree of treatment
o The quantity and kind of industrial waste
Those factors which fit into the second classification are:
o The extent of use of automatic samplers
o The extent of use of automatic monitoring and recording of wastewater
characteristics
o The degree of use of contracted lab work
o The level of training of the laboratory personnel
This list includes only those factors which are judged to materially affect the laboratory
staffing requirements There are, of course, other factors which will affect the total
annual laboratory manpower hours; however, their effect is small. One of these factors is
-16-
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the type of laboratory equipment used, and this factor usually will affect those
laboratories with the higher budgets because those laboratories can purchase the more
sophisticated laboratory testing equipment This equipment allows tests to be made more
rapidly As an example, an analytical balance of the chain weight-type used by a low
budget laboratory is slower than the more expensive analytical balance of the single pan
type which may be used at a laboratory with a higher budget, and, as a consequence, the
low-budget laboratory would require more manpower hours for operation than the
laboratory with the single pan analytical balance This difference of manpower hours is
actually quite insignificant when compared with the total number of annual laboratory
manpower hours. Other laboratory equipment may be viewed in the same way, but again
the effect on the total annual laboratory manpower hour requirement is small
The staffing estimates are most reliable for secondary wastewater treatment facilities
because most of the information used in compiling them was obtained from such
facilities. Thus, these estimates are not as reliable for determining laboratory staffing
needs for primary and advanced wastewater facilities The estimates will become mote
reliable for advanced wastewater treatment as more of these plants become operational
and information regarding their needs are incorporated
LEVEL OF TREATMENT-The methods of treatment used by. a wastewater treatment
facility dictate the testing requirements This, in turn, affects laboratory staffing
requirements. The level of treatment provided, of course, is dependent on the processes
employed. A primary waste treatment facility requires the fewest tests and the smallest
laboratory staff, while an AWT facility requires the largest number of tests and the
largest laboratory staff
INDUSTRIAL WASTE-Discharge of industrial wastes into a waste treatment facility may
have an effect on laboratory staffing requirements, A plant treating a constant flow of
industrial wastewater, or one treating a seasonal flow of industrial wastewater, may
experience only minimum difficulty in its operation. Thus, an increase m laboratory staff
to cope with the problem of industrial waste may be minimal This assumes, of course,
that the treatment facility has been designed to handle the incoming industrial
wastewater. If the industrial wastewater flow is constant, then the wastewater treatment
facility will be operating at its normal mode of operation when it is handling this
industrial wastewater. If the industrial wastewater flow is seasonal, then seasonal changes
in the mode of operation must be made Wastewater treatment plant operators can
usually anticipate seasonal changes in industrial wastewater flow and change their mode
of operations accordingly If, however, the industrial wastewater flow is erratic, a burden
will be placed on the laboratory personnel as they will be required to make more
frequent tests to predict the nature of the changes in the incoming wastewater flow The
effect of this erratic type industrial wastewater flow can be controlled in part by a
-17-
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well-enforced, strong industrial wastewater ordinance Enforcement of such an ordinance
will often require increased laboratory testing at the individual industries, and this, in
turn, will increase laboratory manpower needs.
AUTOMATIC SAMPLERS-These guidelines assume that in addition to the testing
program, laboratory personnel will also be responsible for collecting samples. The use of
automatic samplers reduces laboratory staffing requirements Automatic samplers are
most commonly used on the influent and effluent of the facility. At those points where
24-hour composite samples are suggested in the testing guidelines of Chapter II,
automatic samplers should be provided. The type of automatic sampler generally depends
on personal preference and reliability, Any of the various pump-type sampling units are
satisfactory. For unscreened raw influent, samplers using alternating vacuum and pressure
to take the sample have proven very reliable Samples collected by automatic sampling
units should be delivered to the lab or some other convenient location where the
individual samples are combined in a glass or plastic container and stored in a
refrigerator,
AUTOMATIC MONITORS AND RECORDERS-The use of automatic monitoring and
recording instruments will reduce the number of laboratory manpower hours in two
ways First, the use of automatic monitors will reduce the number of tests that must be
run in the laboratory, and second, the automatic recording systems will lessen the time
required for keeping records. The base level of laboratory staffing was developed
assuming no automatic monitoring or recording systems These base guidelines can be
corrected if automatic monitors and recorders are provided, as indicated in the TALC,
The most common factors monitored and recorded by automatic means are pH, dissolved
oxygen, turbidity, chlorine residual and temperature Appendix A gives the points at the
individual unit processes where automatic monitors and recorders may be used,
OFF-PL ANT LAB WORK-At the option of the owners of the wastewater treatment
facility, sampling and testing may be contracted with private or government-owned
laboratories. The TALC indicates that annual laboratory manpower hours may be reduced
by 10 percent in facilities that contract for testing receiving water. This table also
indicates that if all laboratory work is done by contract, the laboratory staffing
requirement can be reduced by 100 percent The latter would seriously hamper
day-to-day operations, however, and is not recommended See Chapter V for a further
discussion of this subject,
Monitoring of industrial wastewaters and receiving waters as indicated in TALC, up-lme
testing and testing for heavy metals may be done by the treatment plant laboratory, in
which event the appropriate adjustments are made in staffing the laboratory of the
-18-
-------
facility. If outside laboratories provide these services, the effects of any additional testing
requirements would not affect the staffing,
LEVEL OF TRAINING-A well-trained laboratory staff lends itself to the more efficient
operation of the lab. Certification of lab personnel is one way of insuring a capable staff
Lab personnel lacking in past experience or proper training detracts from the lab
operation and a larger number of lab man-hours will be required.
-19-
-------
-------
CD
o
to
m
;o
oo
-------
-------
V LABORATORY SERVICES
Optimization of laboratory services may be possible in various ways These may include
the use of either private or governmental regional laboratory services or the use of
common laboratory facilities or personnel for both water and wastewater treatment
plants. This chapter discusses these possibilities and presents criteria for carrying out such
a program,
REGIONAL LABORATORIES
Regional laboratory services can sometimes meet laboratory needs of several wastewater
treatment facilities. However, they may not always meet all of the laboratory needs of
wastewater treatment facilities because information from some tests is required for
process control. The time lag inherent with transporting samples, running the tests, and
feedback of data would be too long for the data to be of value for this purpose Some of
the testing, however, such as overall performance tests and those tests not run for process
control, may be done at regional laboratories These regional 'aboratory services may be
provided by either governmental or private laboratories.
Political problems could affect service of a regional governmental laboratory whereas
private laboratories would not have those problems Agreement among all subscribing
governmental agencies would be required before a regional governmental laboratory could
be put into operation. Another problem may arise from the variety of tests required by
the subscribing treatment plants because of regulatory agency requirements and the
variety of treatment processes employed at the several plants. Regional laboratory service
must meet the tested requirements of all the subscribing treatment facilities The
equipment required in a regional laboratory facility can be determined from the
equipment guidelines of Chapter III.
Subscribing municipalities and/or public utility districts should finance the regional
laboratory service. The charge to each subscriber could be determined by the number and
types of tests required, For example, each type of test may be assigned some monetary
value based upon the following factors'
o Manpower required by the test.
o Value of chemicals used for the tests
o Value of the equipment used
-20-
-------
In addition to this charge, each subscriber should be charged a certain percentage of the
laboratory overhead plus some percentage of the amortization of the cost of constructing
the facility. The assessment to each subscriber for the general facility overhead and
amortization can be a flat rite or a charge based on the testing needs of each member,
COMBINED LABORATORIES
It may be possible, in some cases, to combine the services of laboratories provided for
wastewater treatment plants and water treatment plants. Some caution must be exercised,
however, in implementing such a program to prevent contamination of public water
supplies, Wastewater samples should not be analyzed at the water treatment plant
laboratory to prevent contamination of laboratory glassware which may next be used in
sampling the water treatment process flow and thus contaminate the public water supply.
Water samples could be analyzed at the wastewater treatment plant laboratory without
this hazard It will not be possible to totally eliminate a laboratory facility at the water
treatment plant, however. Information obtained from some of the testing is required
immediately for process control. However, the size and complexity of the laboratory may
be considerably reduced.
Combining water and w,, .-t water laboratories may prove economical by eliminating
duplication of laboratory equipment and manpower Much of the equipment used in both
types of laboratories is similar, A very common example of this is the equipment
required for conducting the various solids determinations As the degree of treatment
increases at the wastewater treatment facility, particularly if physical-chemical treatment
processes are employed, the combining of the water and wastewater laboratories appears
more favorable because the unit processes used are similar
The laboratory work at the smaller wastewater treatment facilities is most often done by
the operating personnel. They would still be required to perform their other duties
whether or not the water and wastewater laboratories were combined, Thus, the
combined lab may not effect a reduction in manpower requirement for the small
wastewater treatment facility, Combining the water and wastewater treatment facility
laboratories of smaller systems, therefore, may be unnecessary and possibly
uneconomical, Generally speaking, integration of the two laboratory facilities is probably
uneconomical in those systems where the estimated wastewater laboratory staff is less
than one full-time laboratory person. However, on the larger systems, the possibility of
combining the two laboratory facilities should be considered,
Consideration should also be given to the possibility of sharing laboratory labor between
the water and wastewater laboratories Such sharing of personnel has been successful at a
number of existing installations While this practice alleviates the problem of duplication
-21-
-------
of personnel, it will not eliminate duplication of equipment. Attempts to share laboratory
personnel between water and wastewater laboratories may not prove economical for small
waste treatment systems where all of the laboratory tests are conducted by the facility
operators.
-22-
-------
-------
O
PO
00
-------
-------
VI. FUTURE ENDEAVORS
This report should be updated periodically as new laboratory methods are introduced and
technology in wastewater treatment processes is advanced.
The staffing recommendations were not developed with a statistical cross section of
wastewater treatment facilities, but rather from data that came largely from secondary
type wastewater treatment facilities. These recommendations are, therefore, better for
secondary treatment facilities than for primary and AWT facilities. Levels of staffing
should be revised as more data are gathered on staffing of operating laboratories.
-23-
-------
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D.
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(i \
\ INFLUENT FROM EFFLUENT K>'
PREVIOUS MAIN RECEIVING WATE
FLOW TREATMENT
PROCESS
A. TEST FREQUENCY
H - HOUR M » MONTH
D " DAY R . RECORD CONTINUOUSL
W - WEEK Mn - MONITOR CONTINUOUS
B. LOCATION OF SAMPLE
1 -- INFLUENT
E = EFFLUENT
C. METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C ~ 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G - GRAB SAMPLE
R - RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
D. REASON FOR TEST
H - HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P = PROCESS CONTROL
C .« COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES.
A-11
-------
pH
pH
ALKALINITY
SUSPENDED
SOLIDS
JAR TEST
HARDNESS
D TURBIDITY
5
- SLUDGE VOLUME
^ LAB CENTRIFUGE
0
UJ
fe TOTAL SOLIDS
01
(n
O
5) TOTAL SOLIDS
FLOW
CALCIUM
CONTENT'21
CHLORIDES14'
SULFATES<5I
TOTAL-P16'
ORTHO-P*61
ui
M
CO
ZQ
1
<1
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
TEST
FREQUENCY
Mn
1/D
2/W
1/D
ID
1/W
R
3/0
1/W
3/W
R
(31
1/W
1/W
3/W
3/W
LOCATION OF
SAMPLE
FE
I
CE
I
PE
FE
CE
I
I
PE
I
CE
S
s
3
tj
LS
I
PE
I
PE
1
PE
1
PE
METHOD OF
SAMPLE
Mn
G
24C
24C
24 C
24C
R
G
G
G
R
G
24C
24C
24C
24C
REASON
FOR TEST
P
H
H
H
P
C
H
P
P
P
P
P
C
H
H
H
H
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
CHEMICAL TREATMENT
EFFLUENT TO
NEXT MAIN
FLOW TREATMENT
PROCESS-
'INFLUENT FROM
PREVIOUS MAIN
FLOW TREATMENT
PROCESS
SLUDGE UNDERFLOW'
TO CHEMICAL SLUDGE
TREATMENT PROCESSES
NOTE
CONSIDER AS INDIVIDUAL
UNIT PROCESSES
A.
B.
TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR M =
D = DAY R =
W = WEEK Mn =
MONTH
RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
C.
LOCATION OF SAMPLE
I - INFLUENT
FE = FLOCCULATION EFFLUENT
LS - LIME FROM SUPPLIER (INCLUDE
WITH FLASH MIX PROCESS TESTING)
CE = CLARIFIER EFFLUENT
PE -- PLANT EFFLUENT
S = SLUDGE UNDERFLOW
METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P = PROCESS CONTROL
C = COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
1 SPOT CHECK
2 IF LIME IS USED
3 WHEN LIME IS DELIVERED BY SUPPLIER
4 IF FERRIC CHLORIDE IS USED
5 IF ALUM OR FERRIC SULFATE IS USED
6 IF PROCESS IS DESIGNED TO CONTROL
THIS PARAMETER
D.
A-12
-------
ORG-N
5
5 NO3-N
i
Q NH,-N
01 J
U
HI
O PH
O
w
TEMP
HARDNESS
LU
N
00
zS
<0
s!l
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
TEST
FREQUENCY
1/W
1/W
1/W
3/D
3/D
1/W
LOCATION OF
SAMPLE
:
E
1
E
1
E
1
E
1
E
1
E
METHOD OF
SAMPLE
24C
24C
24C
G
G
24C
REASON
FOR TEST
H
H
H
p(1)
H
H
H
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
NITROGEN REMOVAL
AMMONIA STRIPPING
INFLUENT-
FROM PREVIOUS
MAIN FLOW
TREATMENT
PROCESS
,7
EFFLUENT TO -
NEXT MAIN
FLOW TREATMENT
PROCESS
A.
TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR M =
D = DAY R =
W = WEEK Mn =
LOCATION OF SAMPLE
I = INFLUENT
E = EFFLUENT
MONTH
RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
c.
E.
METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P = PROCESS CONTROL
C = COST CONTROL
FOOTNOTES:
1 PROCESS CONTROL ON INFLUENT
-------
ORG-N
5
3 - - -
| NH3-N
I
O NH--N
w -1
U
LU
O NO,-N
0 3
_) - • -
W DISSOLVED
SOLIDS
pH
FLOW
LU
N
£/5
^-
20
«r
LU o
cc u.
H
P
H
H
H
H
P
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
NITROGEN REMOVAL
SELECTIVE ION EXCHANGE
INFLUENT-
FROM
PREVIOUS
MAIN FLOW
TREATMENT
PROCESS
V
A. TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR M -
D = DAY R =
W = WEEK Mn =
B. LOCATION OF SAMPLE
EFFLUENT TO
NEXT MAIN
FLOW TREATMENT
PROCESS
MONTH
RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
C. METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
D. REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P = PROCESS CONTROL
C .= COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
A-14
-------
0 pH
5
2
i PH
Q
UJ
fcNH3
UJ
CD
O
3, FLOW
UJ
M
to
t- —
Z 0
51
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
TEST
FREQUENCY
Mn
Mn
(11
R
LOCATION OF
SAMPLE
PRT
A 1
A.E
A 1
RE
METHOD OF
SAMPLE
Mn
Mn
G
R
REASON
FOR TEST
p
P
p
p
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
NITROGEN REMOVAL
ION EXCHANGE BED REGENERATION
Nl
REGENERANT
STORAGE
TANK
NITROGEN
REMOVAL
A. TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR M =
D = DAY R =
W = WEEK Mn =
B. LOCATION OF SAMPLE
MONTH
RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
PRT - PROCESS REGENERANT TANK
Al = NITROGEN REMOVAL INFLUENT
AE = NITROGEN REMOVAL EFFLUENT
RE = REGENERANT TANK EFFLUENT
C. METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
D. REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P = PROCESS CONTROL
C = COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
1 WHEN OPERATING REGENERATING SYSTEM.
A-15
-------
ORG-N
3 NH3'N
s
Z
§ NO3-N
Q
1- CHLORINE
[2 RESIDUAL
0
3 pH
V>
ALKALINITY
•
_l
< CHLORIDES
r>
P
Qj BOD
LU
N
CO
ZQ
< O
o!§
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
TEST
FREQUENCY
1/W
1/D
1/D
R
Mn
2/0
2/W
2/W
LOCATION OF
SAMPLE
l
E
I
E
I
E
E
I
E
I:
I
f.
I
E
METHOD OF
SAMPLE
24C
24C
24C
R
Mn
G
24C
24C
REASON
FOR TEST
H
H
H
P
C
P
P
H
H
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
NITROGEN REMOVAL
BREAKPOINT CHLORINATION
CHLORINE
CONTACT
CHAMBER
•INFLUENT FROM
PREVIOUS MAIN
FLOW TREATMENT
PROCESS
EFFLUENT TO7
RECEIVING
WATER
A.
B.
TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR
D = DAY
W = WEEK
M =
R =
Mn =
MONTH
RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
LOCATION OF SAMPLE
I = INFLUENT
E - EFFLUENT
C. METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
D. REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P = PROCESS CONTROL
C = COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
A-16
-------
Ul
N
to
£o
-------
5 pH
D
— TOTAL SOLIDS
5 LAB CENTRIFUGE
Q
LU
H TOTAL SOLIDS
UJ
(3
O DISSOLVED
jj SOLIDS
_, ALKALINITY
<
g
Q.
O
LU
Nl
(/)
Z Q
-------
S TURBIDITY
D
5 BOD
LJ
W SUSPENDED
£ SOLIDS
IU
O
gFLOW
(4
< BOD
P SUSPENDED
O. SOLIDS
O
LU
N
CO
2Q
-------
5
D COD
Z
i PH
0
LU
ta MBAS
LU
C3
O
00
LU
M
CO
(- —
z o
H
p(2l
P
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION
ACTIVATED
CARBON IN
EFFLUENT TO
NEXT MAIN
FLOW TREATMENT
PROCESS
SPENT CARBON TO
REGENERATION OR
FINAL DISPOSAL
NNFLUENT FROM
PREVIOUS MAIN
FLOW TREATMENT
PROCESS
A. TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR M =
D = DAY R =
W = WEEK Mn =
B. LOCATION Of SAMPLE
I = INFLUENT
E = EFFLUENT
MONTH
RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
C. METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
D. REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P = PROCESS CONTROL
C = COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
1 PROCESS CONTROL ON EFFLUENT
2 PROCESS CONTROL FOR SYSTEM
EQUIPMENT FOR pH ADJUSTMENT
A-20
-------
Z
g
<
cc
UJ
Z
ill
01
£C
OC
<
O
H
2
UJ
<
CC
o
Z
<
u
UJ
CC
§ TEMPERATURE
s
2
g OXYGEN CONTENT
Q
UJ
V) PERCENT ASH
UJ
O APPARENT
55 DENSH Y
-1 IODINE
< NUMBER
H APPARENT
O DENSITY
^
_;
— TEMPERATURE
^ TOTAL
O VOLATILE
^ SOLIDS
"J TOTAL
§ SOLIDS
CO
1
Z
g TEMPERATURE
Q
|i! CALCIUM
M CONTENT
vy
00
UJ
N
00
2 Q
<0
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
TEST
FREQUENCY
MA"
wd"
,/0<"
,/^'
,,D«"
,/D'l'
Mn
,/ofi'
,/D111
Mn'1'
,2,n»
LOCATION OF
SAMPLE
A
A
P
P
F
P
F
A
F
P
F
P
A
P
METHOD OF
SAMPLE
Mn
G
G
G
G
G
Mn
G
G
Mn
G
REASON
FOR TEST
P
p
p
p
H
H
P
P
P
P
P
C
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
CARBON REGENERATION
SLUDGE INCINERATION RECALCINATION
INCINERATION
(MULTIPLE HEARTH)
FEED
C.
D.
1 r
A
A
A
A
— -
A -*"
A
L
HEARTHS
-PRODUCT
A.
B.
TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR M =
D = DAY R =
W = WEEK Mn =
LOCATION OF SAMPLE
F - FEED
P = PRODUCT
A - FURNACE ATMOSPHERE
IAT EACH HEARTH)
METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P - PROCESS CONTROL
C = COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
1 WHEN FURNACE IS OPERATING
2 SPOT CHECK
MONTH
RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
A-21
-------
TOTAL
§ SOLIDS
Z
§ BOO
Q
" SUSPENDED
JS SOLIDS
a
* FLOW
UJ
tsl
CO
ZQ
-------
3 TOTAL SOLIDS
5
? SUSPENDED
5 SOLIDS
Q
LU
W BOD
UJ
O
O FLOW
-------
TOTAL SOLIDS
5
3
1 BOD
Z
SUSPENDED
S SOLIDS
|—
[3 SETTLEABLE
O SOLIDS
O
V)
FLOW
LU
M
-------
?| TOTAL SOLIDS
5
Z
5 BOD
£! SUSPENDED
SOLIDS
(3
O
3 FLOW
V)
ui
IM
to
(- —
Z Q
<0
5^1
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
TEST
FREQUENCY
1/D
2/W
1/D
R
LOCATION OF
SAMPLE
s
c
F
F
F
METHOD OF
SAMPLE
G
G
G
R
REASON
FOR TEST
p
pdl
p
pd)
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
SLUDGE CONCENTRATION
VACUUM FILTRATION
FILTRATE
/RECYCLE TO
| PLANT
INFLUENT
A. TEST FREQUENCY
H -- HOUR M =
D = DAY R =
W = WEEK Mn =
B. LOCATION OF SAMPLE
MONTH
RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
SLUDGE FEED
SLUDGE CAKE
FILTRATE
C.
D.
METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P = PROCESS CONTROL
C = COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
1 FOR CONTROL OF PROCESS
RECEIVING THIS FLOW.
A-25
-------
TEMPERATURE
pH
TOTAL SOLIDS
TOTAL
VOLATILE
SOLIDS
O DO
S
«| AIR INPUT111
O .
H SETTLEABLE
J2 SOLIDS
(3
0 FLOW
ALKALINITY
^
O
£
UJ
M
W
1- —
Z Q
<0
Sl§
ALL
ALL
ALL
>1
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
TEST
FREQUENCY
1/D
1/0
2/W
2/W
3/W
R
3/W
R
(2)
12)
(2)
R
2/W
LOCATION OF
SAMPLE
P
P
1
OS
1
DS
P
B
P
DS
S
S
S
S
P
METHOD OF
SAMPLE
G
G
G
G
G
R
G
R
G
G
G
R
G
REASON
FOR TEST
H
H
H
H
P
P
C
H
P
H
H
PI3)
PI3)
H
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
SOLIDS REDUCTION
AEROBIC DIGESTION
NNFLUENT
SLUDGE
SUPERNATANT
RECYCLE TO
PLANT
OS INFLUENT
DIGESTED SLUDGE
TO NEXT ORGANIC
SLUDGE TREATMENT
PROCESS
A. TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR M = MONTH
D = DAY R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
W = WEEK Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
B. LOCATION OF SAMPLE
I = INFLUENT
OS = DIGESTED SLUDGE
S = SUPERNATANT
P = PROCESS
B = BLOWER (INCLUDE WITH PROCESS TESTING)
C. METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
D. REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P = PROCESS CONTROL
C .= COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
1. DIFFUSED AIR ONLY.
2. WHEN DRAW OFF SUPERNATANT.
3. FOR CONTROL OF PROCESS RECEIVING
THIS FLOW.
A-26
-------
TEMPERATURE
pH
2
O ALKALINITY
z
5 VOLATILE
ACIDS
UJ
W TOTAL SOLIDS
LU
05
§ TOTAL
3» VOLATILE
SOLIDS
TOTAL
VOLATILE
SOLIDS
< GAS
z
O
£ GREASE
O
LU
N
V)
£s
5
ALL
TEST
FREQUENCY
Mn
1/D
1/D
3/W
1/W
1/W
2/W
1/W
1/M
LOCATION OF
SAMPLE
P
P
P
P
P
P
1
G
1
P
METHOD OF
SAMPLE
Mn
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
REASON
FOR TEST
P
P
P
p
p
P
P
p
P
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
SOLIDS REDUCTION
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION - PRIMARV
DIGESTED
SLUDGE TO
SECONDARY
DIGESTER
A. TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR
D = DAY
W = WEEK
M - MONTH
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
B. LOCATION OF SAMPLE
I = INFLUENT
P = PROCESS
G =
GAS (INCLUDE WITH PROCESS TESTING)
C. METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C - 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G - GRAB SAMPLE
R - RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn •= MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
D. REASON FOR TEST
H * HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P = PROCESS CONTROL
C .= COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
A-27
-------
pH
3 TOTAL SOLIDS
S
2 TOTAL
5 VOLATILE
Q SOLIDS
UJ
£ BOD
uu
U
% SUSPENDED
V) SOLIDS
FLOW
UJ
M
CO
2 Q
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
TEST
FREQUENCY
Mn
12)
12)
1/W
1/W
R
LOCATION OF
SAMPLE
S(1I
U
U
s
s
s
METHOD OF
SAMPLE
Mn
G
G
G
G
R
REASON
FOR TEST
p
H
H
p<3>
H
PI3)
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
SOLIDS REDUCTION
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION - SECONDARY
^SUPERNATANT
RECYCLE TO
PLANT INFLUENT
GAS HOLDER
(FOR GAS
STORAGE)
MNFLUENT SLUDGE
FROM PRIMARY
DIGESTER
B.
\SLUOGE UNDERFLOW
TO NEXT ORGANIC
SLUDGE TREATMENT
PROCESS
A. TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR
D = DAY
W = WEEK
M - MONTH
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
LOCATION OF SAMPLE
U = UNDERFLOW
S = SUPERNATANT
c.
METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
H = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P -- PROCESS CONTROL
C = COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
1 IN DIGESTER (INCLUDE WITH PROCESS TESTING!.
2 WHEN SLUDGE IS DRAWN OFF.
3. FOR CONTROL OF PROCESS RECEIVING THIS
FLOW
A-28
-------
o
LLJ
a
CO
TOTAL SOLIDS
TEMPERATURE
pH
SUSPENDED
SOLIDS
BOD
FLOW
LLJ
N
in
1- —
2 Q
<0
s!l
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
TEST
FREQUENCY
1/D
Mn
1/0
1/0
2/W
R
LOCATION OF
SAMPLE
:
DU
R
D
0
D
D
METHOD OF
SAMPLE
G
Mn
G
G
G
R
REASON
FOR TEST
p
p
H
H
pin
P(i)
ESTIMATED UNIT PROCESS SAMPLING AND
TESTING NEEDS
SOLIDS REDUCTION
WET AIR OXIDATION
AND HEAT TREATMENT
HEAT
EXCHANGERx
REACTOR,
A.
B.
'UNDERFLOW
SLUDGE TO
NEXT ORGANIC
SLUDGE TREAT
MENT PROCESS
TEST FREQUENCY
H = HOUR M =
D = DAY R =
W = WEEK Mn =
STEAM
SLUDGE INFLUENT
FROM PREVIOUS
ORGANIC SLUDGE
TREATMENT PROCESS
MONTH
RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
LOCATION OF SAMPLE
I -- INFLUENT
D = DECANT
R = REACTOR (INCLUDE AS PROCESS TESTING)
DU= DECANT UNDERFLOW
C. METHOD OF SAMPLE
24C = 24 HOUR COMPOSITE
G = GRAB SAMPLE
R = RECORD CONTINUOUSLY
Mn = MONITOR CONTINUOUSLY
D. REASON FOR TEST
H = HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
P <= PROCESS CONTROL
C = COST CONTROL
E. FOOTNOTES:
1 FOR CONTROL OF PROCESS
RECEIVING THIS FLOW
A-29
-------
WORKSHEET A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE TESTING
INFLUENT
IJTEST
d)
PRETREATMENT
(1) INITIAL UNIT PROCESS
REGARDLESS OF
PRETREATMENT
FREoTj I TEST
FREQ.
EFFLUENT
PLANT EFFLUENT
(2) FINAL UNIT PROCESS
UNIT PRECEDING DISINFECTION
AND INCLUDING DISINFECTION.
FREQ. TEST
FREQ.
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY
A-30
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
(1)
TEST
(D
FREQ. | I TEST
FREQ.
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
NET
TESTS
FRE
QUENCY
A-31
-------
WORKSHEET C
PROCESS TESTING
TEST
FREQ. [
J TEST
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY
A-32
-------
WORKSHEET D
RECYCLE FLOW TESTING
(TEST
FREO-1
NET
TEST
FRE-
QUENCY
A-33
-------
-------
-o
-a
m
X
CD
-------
-------
APPENDIX B
ESTIMATED EQUIPMENT
AND SUPPLIES
Major Equipment Page B-l
Miscellaneous Equipment Page B-20
Expendable Supplies Page B-22
Glass and Plasticware Page B-24
Test Kits Page B-29
Chemicals Page B-30
-------
-------
TABLETS-1
MAJOR EQUIPMENT GUIDELINES
AUTOTRANSFORMER — For: COD, Grease.
Minimum
Not required,
Optimum
All plant sizes; variable, 2.6 KVA
BALANCE — For: General Lab Use,
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; analytical balance, double pan, chain weighing
weight set, class S-l.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd; plus triple beam balance,
5 to 15 mgd; analytical, single pan, substitution weighing -,
digital indicating with optical tare; plus triple beam
balance,
15 to 25 mgd; analytical, single pan, substitution weighing,
digital indicating with optical tare; plus double beam
balance, dial weighing, magnetic damper.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; analytical balance, single pan, substitution
weighing, digital indicating, with optical tare; plus top
loading balance, direct reading, single pan, digital
indicating 1,200 gm; plus moisture determination balance,
B-l
-------
1 to 5 mgd; analytical balance, single pan, substitution
weighing, digital indicating, optical tare, coarse weighing
device and zero base readout; plus top loading balance,
direct reading, single pan, digital indicating, 1200 gin;
plus moisture determination balance.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 1 to 5 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd, same as 1 to 5 mgd.
BLENDER — For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
All plant sizes; reducing and emulsifying, two-speed, 1 liter
capacity.
BOOK CASE — For: General Lab Use (May be built-in type).
Minimum
0 to 1, and 1 to 5 mgd; 2 shelf, 30" length, 12" deep.
5 to 15, and 15 to 25 mgd; 4 shelf, 30" length, 12" deep.
CENTRIFUGE — For: Volatile Acids; Sludge Volume - Lab
Centrifuge; General Lab Use - Optimum
level larger than 5 mgd.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; clinical centrifuge, 6 place, 15 ml; plus
polycarbonate tubes, graduated, 15 ml.
B-2
-------
1 to 5 mgd; s ame as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd; plus clinical centrifuge,
4 place, 50 ml; plus borosilicate tubes, conical, graduated,
50 ml; plus adapter for supporting tubes in centrifuge head,
reducing, 15 to 50 ml.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; clinical centrifuge, 6 place, 15 ml; plus
polycarbonate tubes, graduated, 15 ml.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd; plus International Model
HN-S centrifuge or equivalent; head, 6 place 50 ml.; metal
shields, 15 ml; metal shields, 50 ml.; trunnion carrier,
3 place, 15 ml.; trunnion ring, 50 ml.; polycarbonate tubes
15 ml; borosilicate tubes, conical, graduated, 50 ml.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
CHLORINE RESIDUAL ANALYZER AND RECORDER — For: Chlorine residual
continuous recording,
Minimum
All plant sizesj analyzer, plus recorder.
B-3
-------
DESK CHAIR — For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; None required
1 to 5 mgd; None required
5 to 15 mgd; Swivel, arm chair.
15 to 25 ingd; Swivel, arm chair.
EYE WASH — For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; irrigator, 32 oz.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; face wash, hand held spray type.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
Optimum
All plant sizes; included with safety shower.
FILE CABINET — For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
0 to 1, 1 to 5, and 5 to 15 mgd; 2-drawer metal,
15 to 25 mgd; 4-drawer metal.
B-4
-------
FLOC STIRRER — For: Jar Tests.
Minimum
All plant sizes; 6 unit device, electric.
Optimum
All plant sizes; 6 unit device, illuminated, electric,
FLOW METER — For: Flow Measurement, Continuous Recording.
Minimum
All plant sizes; Type dependent on plant design. Totalizer
Indicator required for all plant types.
Optimum
All plant sizes; Type dependent on plant design. Continuous
recorder required for all plant types. Continuous remote
recorder, indicator, and totalizer required for all plant
types.
FUME HOOD — For: Volatile Acids, NH3~N, Org-N (When sum of
frequency for above tests is 2 per day or
more); Heavy Metals.
Minimum
All plant sizes; open type with gas and cold water
fixtures, cup sink, and electrical receptacle.
GAS ANALYZER — For: Digester Gas Analysis, Oxygen in Furnace
Atmosphere.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd, and 1 to 5 mgd; not required.
5 to 15 mgd; Flue gas, valveless automatic bubbling pipettes
B-5
-------
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgcL
HEATING MANTLES — For: COD, Grease.
Minimum
Not required.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; not required.
1 to 5 mgd; 250 ml. electric0
5 to 15 mgd; 250 ml. electric; plus 500 ml. electric.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
HOOD (TISSUE CULTURE) — For: Coliform, Fecal Coliform.
Minimum
Not required„
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd, 1 to 5 mgd; not required.
15 to 25 mgd; reinforced plastic, fluorescent lamp, and
germicidal lamp.
HOT PLATE — For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; electric, 12 inch x 13 inch, thermostatic control.
1 to 5 mgd; Same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; Same as 0 to 1 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; Same as 0 to 1 mgd.
B-6
-------
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; electric, 12 inch x 13 inch thermostatic control.
1 to 5 mgd; electric, circular plate, 6-1/2 inch diameter,
thermostatic control.
5 to 15 mgd; Same as 1 to 5 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; Same as 1 to 5 mgd.
INCUBATOR (BOD) — For: BOD
Minimum
All plant sizes; low temperature, 5° - 50°C, mechanical cooling
and capacity of 200 standard BOD bottles.
INCUBATOR (MICROBIOLOGICAL) — For: Coliforms.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; 5 tube capacity, thermostatic control.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; microbiological, electric, thermostatic control,
35 membrane filter plastic petri dish capacity.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
Optimum
All plant sizes; electric, thermostatic control, stainless
steel interior, inside dimensions, 13 inch x 14 inch x 13 inch.
B-7
-------
KJELDAHL DIGESTING AND DISTILLING APPARATUS -- For: Total
Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Ammonia
plus Organic Nitrogen)
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; digesting and distilling unit, 2 place
electric, 500 watt heaters.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; distilling unit, 2 place electric, 550 watt
heaters, for 500 or 800 ml. flasks; plus digesting unit,
2 place electric, 550 watt heaters, for 500 or 800 ml. flasks.
15 to 25 mgd: same as 5 to 15 mgd.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; digesting and distilling unit, 2 place electric,
500 watt heaters.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; distilling unit, 2 place electric, 550 watt
heaters, for 500 or 800 ml. flasks (S63430)? plus digesting
unit, 2 place electric, 550 watt heaters, for 500 or 800 ml.
flasks.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
LAB STOOL — For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
All plant sizes; (minimum 1 plus 1 extra for each lab
B-8
-------
personnel); 13 inch diameter steel seat, adjustable
height between 18 inches and 26 inches.
MAGNETIC STIRRER — For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd, 1 to 5 mgd, and 5 to 15 mgd; not required.
15 to 25 mgd; variable speed, illuminating.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd, 1 to 5 mgd, and 5 to 15 mgd; variable speed,
illuminating magnetic stirrer.
15 to 25 mgd; same as above; plus variable speed non-
illuminating magnetic stirrer.
MICROSCOPE — For: Microscopic Analysis.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; 10X ocular, 4X, 10X, 43X objectives.
1 to 5 mgd; Same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; Same as 0 to 1 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; Same as 0 to 1 mgd.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; 10X ocular, 4X, 10X, 45X, 100X objectives.
B-9
-------
1 to 5 mgd; Same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; Same as 0 to 1 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; Same as 0 to 1 mgd.
MUFFLE FURNACE — For: Total Volatile Solids, Volatile Suspended
Solids, Percent Ash.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; Maximum temperature 1900°F, muffle dimensions
4-7/8 inches x 4-1/4 inches x 6 inches.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; maximum temperature 1900°F, muffle dimensions
4-7/8 inches x 4-1/4 inches x 6 inches.
1 to 5 mgd; maximum temperature 2000°F, proportioning controller,
muffle dimensions 3-5/8 inches x 5-1/2 inches x 6-1/2 inches.
5 to 15 mgd; maximum temperature 2000°F, no controller, muffle
size 9-1/2 inches x 8-1/2 inches x 13-1/2 inches? plus
controller millivoltmeter type electronic pyrometer, range
2000°F.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
B-10
-------
OFFICE DESK — For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; none required.
1 to 5 mgd; none required.
5 to 15 mgd; single pedestal.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; none required.
1 to 5 mgd; none required.
5 to 15 mgd; double pedestal.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
OVEN — For: Suspended Solids, Total Solids, Dissolved Solids,
Grease.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; gravity convection, single wall, electric,
200°C thermostatic control, inside dimensions 11-1/2
inches x 11-1/4 inches x 9 inches.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
B-11
-------
15 to 25 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; mechanical convection, with base, electric, 325°C,
inside dimensions 25 inches x 19 inches x 19 inches.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
OXYGEN GAS ANALYZER ~ For: Dissolved Oxygen, BOD.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; not required.
1 to 5 mgd; not required.
5 to 15 mgd; not required.
15 to 25 mgd; activated sludge plants only; polarographic
cell type, portable, manual temperature compensation,
altitude correction to 5000 feet, salinity scale, oxygen
scale 0 to 15 ppm with 0.2 ppm graduations, and recorder
output; extension handle; probe, BOD, non-stirring.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; all plant types; Polarographic cell type,
portable, rechargeable nickel cadmium cells, recorder
output, automatic temperature compensation, scale 0 to
10 and 0 to 20 ppm; 0.2 and 0.4 graduations respectively
B 12
-------
and recorder output; extension handle; probe, BOD,
stirring; probe, oxygen, field.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd; plus probe, BOD, non-stirring.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd; plus probe, BOD, non-stirring.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd; plus analyzer similar to
15 to 25 mgd, minimum level; extension handle; probe, BOD
non-stirring; probe, oxygen, field, 10 feet.
pH METER -- For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; direct reading, portable, battery or line
operated, expanded scale, ranges 0 to 14 pH and any 1.4
pH increment, accuracy -0.1 pH on 0 to 14 pH range, and
-0.01 pH on 1.4 pH span; with electrode holder; 160 oz.
of 4.01 and 7.00 pH buffers; 100 ml. potassium chloride
electrolyte.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; digital indicating, gas ionization tube, ranges
0.00 to 14.00 pH, accuracy -0.01 pH, manual and automatic
temperature compensation, 0° to 100°C, with electrode support,
16 oz. of 4.01 and 7.00 pH buffers, 100 ml. of potassium
chloride electrolyte.
B-13
-------
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgcL
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd,
15 to 25 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd,
For continuous monitoring; one unit required for each location
requiring continuous pH monitoring,
Minimum
All sizes; indicator plus remote sensing unit,
PUMP(VACUUM-PRESSURE) — For: Suspended Solids, Volatile
Suspended Solids, Dissolved
Solids, Coliforms (Membrane
Filter Method) Fecal Coliforms
(Membrane Filter Method), Vola-
tile Acids, Grease,
Minimum
All plant sizes; rotary, motor driven, free air capacity
of 1.3 GUo ft. per minute, maximum pressure continuous 15
psig, intermittent 25 psig, maximum vacuum continuous 15
inches of mercury, intermittent 27 inches of mercury.
JEFRIGERATOR — For: General Lab Use,
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; 5 cun ft. capacity„
1 to 5 mgd; 13 cu. ft, capacity.
B-14
-------
5 to 15 mgd; same as 1 to 5 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 1 to 5 mgd.
SAFETY SHOWER — For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
All plant sizes; emergency, first aid, impeller action 8-inch
shower head, chain pull.
Optimum
All plant sizes? Eye Fountain-Safety Shower Combination,
chain pull, foot pedal operation for eye wash.
SPECTROPHOTOMETER -- For: MBAS, NH-j-N, NO.J-N, PO^Total, Heavy
Metals, Chlorine Residual (not re-
quired for plants provided with con-
tinuous measurement of chlorine
residual), sulfate.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; not required for chlorine residual or NO--N,
except in Nitrogen removal processes; for all others: meter
indicating with grating monochromator, fixed bandpass of 20 nm,
wave length range of 340 to 600 nm, expandable to 950 nm with
phototube and filter, wave length accuracy of -2.5 nm, photo-
metric accuracy of -2.5% of full scale, colorimeter cells,
1/2 inch; for MBAS and PO.-Total, include phototube, red
sensitive, and filter, red stray light.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
8-15
-------
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd, except required for all
NO.,-N testing and chlorine residual, except if continuous
chlorine residual measurement is provided.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; not required for chlorine residual or NO_-N
testing except in nitrogen removal processes for all
others: meter indicating test tube type, 325 nm to 925
nm wave length range, 8 nm band pass, 8 inch meter with
anti-parallel mirror, wavelength accuracy of -1 nm, and
precision of -0,2 nm, photometer linearity -0.5% at meter
terminals and -0.2% at recorder terminals, plus Cuvettes,
rectangular, glass, 10 mm.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd, except required for
NO..-N and chlorine residual testing.
STERILIZER — For: Coliform, Fecal Coliform, PO.-Total (Optional).
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; steam pressure, pot form, external heat, capacity
25 quarts.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
B-16
-------
15 to 25 mgd; steam pressures pot form, electric, thermo-
statically controlled, capacity 831 cu. inches.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; steam pressure, single control, portable, elec-
tric, chamber 9 inches diameter by 16 inches deep.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd, plus ultraviolet sterili-
zer, portable.
STILL (WATER)(OR DEMINERALIZER) -- For: General Lab Use.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; demineralizer column holder; plus cartridges
capacity of 1,500 grains of dissolved solids at end point
of 50,000 ohms water resistance.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
5 to 15 mgd; electrically heated, 1 gallon per hour capacity
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
Optimum
0 to 1 mgd; electrically heated, 2 gallon per hour capacity.
1 to 5 mgd; same as 0 to 1 mgd.
B-17
-------
5 to 15 mgd; electrically heated, 5 gallon per hour capacity.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
THERMOMETER — For: Continuous Temperature Monitoring.
One required for each unit process requiring continuous
temperature monitoring.
Minimum
All plant sizes; indicator, plus remote monitoring unit.
TITRATOR-AMPEROMETRIC —' For: Chlorine Residual.
Minimum
Not required.
Optimum
All plant sizes if provided with continuous chlorine
residual measurement; electric, sensitivity of 0.01 ppm,
with 200 ml. plastic sample container, 4 oz. pH4 and pH7
buffer and potassium iodide.
TURBIDIMETER — For: Turbidity - Continuous Monitoring
and/or Recording.
Minimum
All plant sizes; low range continuous flow nephelometer,
sensitivity to 0.005 JTU, range from 0 to 30 JTU, plus
remote indicator for operation up to 1,000 feet from
master unit. If recorder is required, recorder should
be 100 micro amp, DC.
B-18
-------
Optimum
All plant sizes; "Surface Scatter" nephelometer similar
to Hach Chemical Company Model 1889. If recorder is
required, recorder should be 100 micro amp, DC.
WATER BATH — For: Fecal Coliforms.
Minimum
0 to 1 mgd; not required.
1 to 5 mgd; not required.
5 to 15 mgd; stainless steel, triple wall construction,
inside dimensions 14 inches x 10-1/2 inches x 7 inches.
15 to 25 mgd; same as 5 to 15 mgd.
B-19
-------
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-------
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B-28
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B-29
-------
TABLE B-6
CHEMICAL NEEDS
Test
Chemical Requirement
(1)
Acidity (Potentiometric
Titration Method)
Alkalinity (Potentiometric
Titration Method)
DO (Azide Modification
of lodometric Method)
For Activated Sludge
Common Standard Stock Reagents:
Sodium Hydroxide - 15N
Sodium Hydroxide Pellets (625 gm)
Sulfuric Acid - ION
Sulfuric Acid, Cone. (140 ml)
Hydrochloric Acid - 6N
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone.
(500 ml)
Sodium Hydroxide Standard Titrant,
0.0 2N;
Stock Sodium Hydroxide
Potassium Biphtalate (4.085 gm)
Sulfuric or Hydrochloric Acid
Standard Titrant, 0.02N;
Stock Sulfuric or Hydrochloric Acid
Sodium Carbonate (1.06 gm)
Manganous Sulfate (480 gm)
Sodium Hydroxide (500 gm)
Potassium Iodide (150 gm)
Sodium Azide (10 gm)
Sulfuric Acid, Cone. (100 ml)
Sodium Thiosulfate Titrant, 0.025N;
Sodium Thiosulfate (186.15 gm)
Potassium Biniodate (4.873 gm)
Potassium Iodide (2 gm)
Sulfuric Acid (200 ml)
Potato Starch (10 gm)
Chloroform (5 ml)
Sulfamic Acid (32 gm)
Copper Sulfate (50 gm)
Ascetic Acid, Cone. (500 ml)
B-30
-------
COD
Chloride (Mercuric
Nitrate Method)
Note: Disregard if test
kit is provided.
Ammonia Nitrogen
Chemicals
Phosphate Buffer Solution;
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate
(8.5 gm);
Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate
(21.75 gm);
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate
Heptahydrate (33.5 gm)
Ammonium Chloride (1.7 gm)
Magnesium Sulfate (22.5 gm)
Calcium Chloride (27.5 gm)
Ferric Chloride (0.25 gm)
Sodium Sulfite (1.575 gm)
Potassium Dichromate, 0.025N;
Potassium Dichromate (12.259 gm)
Sulfuric Acid Reagent;
Sulfuric Acid, Cone. (2.25 1)
Silver Sulfate (23.5 gm)
Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate, 0.1N;
Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate (39 gm)
Sulfuric Acid, Cone. (20 ml)
Ferroin Indicator;
1,10-Phenanthroline Monohydrate
(1.485 gm)
Ferrous Sulfate (0.695 gm)
Mercuric Sulfate, Analytical Grade
Crystals (40 gm)
D.B. Mixed Indicator;
Diphenylcarbazone Powder (5 gm)
Bromphenol Blue Powder (0.5 gm)
Ethyl Alcohol - 95% (750 ml)
Sodium Chloride Solution;
Sodium Chloride (0.08241 gm)
Mercuric Nitrate Titrant;
Mercuric Nitrate (50g)
Nitric Acid (5 ml)
Sodium Hydroxide, 0.1N;
Stock Sodium Hydroxide
Ammonium Chloride (3.819 gm)
Boric Acid (if more than 5 mg/1
NH3-N)(20 gm)
Mixed Indicator (if more than
5 mg/1 NH3-N);
Methyl Red - 0.2% (1 gm)
Ethyl Alcohol - 95% (1 L)
Nessler Reagent;
Mercuric Iodide (100 gm)
Potassium Iodide (70 gm)
Sodium Hydroxide Pellets (160 gm)
B-31
-------
Test
Chemicals
Nitrate Nitrogen
(Brucine Method)
Note: Disregard if test
kit is provided.
Organic Nitrogen
Total Phosphorous,
Polyphosphate and
Ortho Phosphate
Borate Buffer;
Stock Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Tetraborate (5 gin)
Sulfuric Acid Titrant, 0.02N;
Stock Sulfuric Acid
Sodium Carbonate (1.06 gin)
Sodium Hydroxide, IN;
Stock Sodium Hydroxide
Dechlorinating Reagent;
Sodium Thiosulfate (3.5 gm)
Sodium Chloride (300 gm)
Sulfuric Acid, Cone. (500 ml)
Brucine-Sulfanilic Acid;
Brucine Sulfate (1 gm)
Sulfnilic Acid (0.1 gm)
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone. (3 ml)
Potassium Nitrate (0.7211 gm)
Acetic Acid, Cone. (200 ml)
Phosphate Buffer Solution, 0.5 M;
Anhydrous Potassium Dihydrogen
Phosphate (14.3 gm)
Anhydrous Dipotassium Hydrogen
Phosphate (68.8 gm)
Mercuric Sulfate Solution;
Red Mercuric Oxide (8 gm)
Stock Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric Acid - Mercuric Sulfate-
Potassium Sulfate Solution;
Potassium Sulfate (267 gm)
Sulfuric Acid, Cone. (400 ml)
Sodium Hydroxide - Sodium Thiosulfate
Solution;
Sodium Hydroxide Pellets (500 gm)
Sodium Thiosulfate (25 gm)
Phenolphthalein Indicator^2)
Mixed Indicator;
Methyl Red - 0.2% (1 gm)
Methyl Blue - 0.2% (1 gm)
Ethyl Alcohol - 95% (1 L)
Indicating Boric Acid Solution;
Boric Acid (20 gm)
Sulfuric Acid Titrant, 0.02N;
Stock Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric Acid, 5N;
Stock Sulfuric Acid
Potassium Antimonyl Tartrate
(1.3715 gm)
B-32
-------
Test
Volatile Acids
Heavy Metals
Cadmium
Chromium
Chemicals
Ammonium Molybdate (20 gm)
Ascorbic Acid (1.76 gm)
Sulfuric Acid, Cone. (310 ml)
Ammonium Persulfate (40 gm)
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate
(0.2197 gm)
Silicic Acid, 100 Mesh (10 gm)
Chloroform - Butanol Reagent;
Chloroform (300 ml)
n-Butanol (100 ml)
Stock Sulfuric Acidf2>
Thymol Blue Indicator ' ,~)
Phenolphtalein Indicator
Common Reagents for all heavy
metals:
Sulfuric Acid, (2.25 L)
Nitric Acid (2.25 L)
Hydrogen Peroxide - 30% (1 L)
Perchloric Acid - 60% (2.25 L)
Ammonium Acetate (400 gm)
Cadmium Metal - Pure (0.1 gm)
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone. (5 ml)
Potassium Sodium Tartrate (50 gm)
Dithizone - ACS Grade (0.1 gm)
Carbon Tetrachloride (1 L)
Stock Sodium Hydroxide
Calcium Oxide (10 gm)
Diphenylthiocarbozone (0.1 gm)
Chloroform (100 ml)
Ammonium Hydroxide, Cone. (900 ml)
DimethyIglyoxime (1 gm)
Ethyl Alcohol - 95% (100 ml)
Potassium Dichromate (0.1414 gm)
Methyl Orange Indicator^)
Ammonium Hydroxide, Cone. (100 ml)
Phosphoric Acid - 85% (0.3 ml)
Potassium Permanganate (4 gm)
Sodium Azide (0.5 gm)
Diphenylcarbazide (0.25 gm)
Acetone (50 ml)
Chloroform (100 ml)
Cupferron (5 gm)
Sodium Nitrite (0.1 gm)
B-33
-------
Test
Chemicals
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Copper Metal - Polished Electro-
lytic
Wire or Foil (0.2 gm)
Hydroxylamine - Hydrochloride
(50 gm);
Sodium Citrate (150 gm)
Chloroform (100 ml)
2,9-Dimethyl-l, 10-Phenanthroline-
Hemihydrate (0.1 gm)
Methyl Alcohol (100 ml)
Congo Red pH Paper (1 foot)
Ammonium Hydroxide, Cone. (400 ml)
Iron - Electrolytic Iron Wire
(0.2 gm);
Hydroxylamine - Hydrochloride
(50 gm);
Sodium Acetate (200 gm)
1,10- Phenanthroline (0.5 gm)
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone. (100 ml)
Isopropyl Ether (100 ml)
Stock Sulfuric Acid
Lead Metal - Pure (100 mg) ,_»
Phenolphthalein Indicator
Ammonium Hydroxide, Cone. (250 ml)
Hydrazine Acetate Solution
Hydrazine - 64% (15 ml)
Acetic Acid (50 ml)
Sodium Tartrate (10 gm)
Tartaric Acid (50 gm)
Dithizone Crystals (0.25 gm)
Chloroform (1 L)
Carbon Tetrachloride, ACS Grade (1 L)
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone. (100 ml)
Calcium Oxide (10 gm)
Sodium Bicarbonate (10 gm)
Thymol Blue Indicator (*)
Potassium Cayanide (10 gm)
Sodium Sulfite (10 gm)
Potassium Permanganate (1.8 gm)
Sodium Oxalate (10 gm)
Sodium Bisulfite (10 gm)
Phosphoric Acid (400 ml)
B-34
-------
Test
Chemicals
Nickel (Heptoxime
Method)
Zinc
Grease
Iodine Number
Silver Nitrate (1.7 gm)
Ammonium Persulfate (25. gm)
Sodium Nitrite (5 gm)
Nickel Sulfate (0.4479 gm)
Bromine (100 gm)
Ammonium Hydroxide, Cone. (10 ml)
1,2-Cycloheptanedionedioxime (0.1 gm)
Ethyl Alcohol (500 ml)
Sodium Tartrate (10 gm)
Methyl Orange Indicator
Stock Sodium Hydroxide
Acetic Acid, Cone. (25 ml)
Cupferron (1 gm)
Chloroform (500 ml)
Hydroxylamine-Hydrochloride (10 gm)
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone. (85-5 ml)
Zinc Metal (1 gm)
Methyl Red Indicator
Sodium Citrate (10 gm)
Ammonium Hydroxide (100 ml)
Potassium Cyanide (5 gm)
Acetic Acid, Cone. (25 ml)
Carbon Tetrachloride (500 ml)
Diethanolamine (4 gm)
Carbon Disulfide (1 ml)
Methyl Alcohol (40 ml)
Diphenylthiocarbozone (50 gm)
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone. (50 ml)'
Sodium Sulfide (3 gm)
Hydrogen Sulfide
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone. (50 ml)
n-Hexane (1 L)
Diatomaceous-Silica Filter Aid
(1 L);
Magnesium-Sulfate Heptahydrate
(200 gm)
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone. (55 ml)
Iodine (127 gm)
Potassium Iodide (191 gm)
Sodium Thiosulfate, 0.1N;
Sodium Thiosulfate (24.82 gm)
Sodium Carbonate (0.1 gm)
Copper Metal (0.2 gm)
Nitric Acid, Cone. (5 ml)
Strong Ammonia Solution (50 ml)
Acetic Acid (50 ml)
Potassium Iodide (100 gm)
Potato Starch (10 gm)
B35
-------
Test
Calcium Content
MBAS
Hardness (EDTA Method)
Chemicals
Potassium Hydroxide, 8N;
Potassium Hydroxide (448 gm) ,.,,
Calver II Indicator Powder (350 gm) ( '
Titraver Solution (1L) (3)
Standard Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate
(ABS) , 1 gm(4)
Phenolphthalein Indicator
Stock Sodium Hydroxide
Stock Sulfuric Acid
Chloroform (50 ml)
Methylene Blue Reagent;
Methylene Blue (0.1 gm)
Sulfuric Acid, Cone. (6.8 ml)
Monosodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
Monohydrate (50 gm)
Wash Solution;
Sulfuric Acid, Cone. (6.8 ml)
Monosodium Dihydrogen
Phosphate Monohydrate (50 gm}
Buffer Solution;
Ammonium Cloride (16-9 gm)
Ammonium Hydroxide, Cone. (143 ml)
EDTA, Magnesium Salt (1.25 gm)
Eriochrome Black T Indicator;
Eriochrome Black T Dye (0.5 gm)
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride (4.5 gm)
Ethyl Alcohol - 95% (100 ml)
Standard EDTA Titrant, 0.01M;
EDTA (3.723 gm)
Anhydrous Calcium Carbonate (1 gm)
Stock Hydrochloric Acid;
Methyl Red Indicator (2)
Ammonium Hydroxide, Cone. (200 ml)
Footnotes:
(1) Unless otherwise noted, reagent grade chemicals are
required.
(2) Total amount required, for all testing, including
backup stock is 1 pint.
(3) Similar to that manufactured by Hach Chemical Co.,
Ames, Iowa.
(4) Obtain from Soap & Detergent Association.
836
-------
Method of Calculation of Suggested Chemical Requirement:
1. Determine test to be run from Testing Guidelines,
Chapter II.
2. Determine chemical requirements, for each test, from
this table.
3. The amount of each chemical suggested for each individual
test is indicated in parenthesis after each chemical. An
exception is the Standard Stock Reagents listed at the top
of the table. These reagents are those which are a
common requirement for all laboratories. They are strong
solutions of the indicated chemical, and, by dilution,
are used for making more dilute solutions of the chemical.
These, in turn, are used in conducting the various tests.
4. Sum up the amount of each individual chemical required,
considering all the suggested tests to be run. Add in
the amount of chemical required to make the Standard
Stock Reagents, only once, at the beginning of the
determination. When the Stock Reagents are required for
the individual tests, this is so indicated, and no chemi-
cal quantity is shown. The quantity required is already
included in the quantity of chemical for the Standard
Stock Reagent. In summing up, be sure to add like
quantities, i.e., grams and grams, milligrams and milli-
grams, milliliters and milliliters. 1,000 mg = 1 gm,
1,000 ml = 1 L, 453.6 gms = 1 lb, 3.785L = 1 quart.
5. Multiply the amounts from Step 4 by 2. This is the total
quantity of chemical suggested including backup stock.
B37
-------
-------
o
i—i
x
o
-------
10.000
o.
in
1,000
§
100
NOTES:
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE AND/OR
PHYSICAL-
CHEMICAL OR
AWT
PRIMARY PLANTS.
TRICKLING FILTER
PLANTS, AERATED
& STABILIZATION
PONDS.
4 56 7 8 9 10
PLANT SIZE, MGD
15
20 25
1. MINIMUM FLOOR SPACE REQUIRED FOR
PLANTS LESS THAN 1 MGD IS 180 SO. FT.
FOR ACTIVATED SLUDGE. PHYSICAL-
CHEMICAL, AND AWT PLANTS, AND 150 SO.
FT. FOR PRIMARY, TRICKLING.FILTER. AND
POND TYPE PLANTS.
2. INCLUDES SPACE FOR CONDUCTING
LABORATORY ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES.
FIGURE C-1
ESTIMATED LAB FLOOR SPACE
-------
1.000
10
1 2 34567
PLANT SIZE, MOD
NOTE:
MINIMUM PERCENT OF FLOOR SPACE, REQUIRED
FOR BENCH AREA, FOR PLANTS LESS THAN 1 MGO
IS 40 PERCENT.
8 9 10
15
20
25
FIGURE C-2
ESTIMATED BENCH AREA
-------
1001
NOTE:
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PLANT SIZE. MGD
20
25
MINIMUM CABINET VOLUME REQUIRED
FOR PLANTS LESS THAN 1 MGD IS
200 CU. FT.
FIGURE C-3
ESTIMATED CABINET VOLUME
-------
-------
TJ
-a
m
•z.
o
(—(
X
D
-------
10,000
5,000
AWT AND ACTIVATED
SLUDGE PLANTS
PRIMARY AND
TRICKLING FILTER
PLANTS AND PONDS
0.5
1.5 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 15 20 25
PLANT DESIGN FLOW, MGD
NOTE:
INCLUDES LAB WORK DONE BY
LAB STAFF AS WELL AS OPERATORS.
FIGURE D-1
BASE LABORATORY
MANPOWER ESTIMATE
-------
t-
z
ADJUSTME
cc
o
H
U.
AWT
INCREASE 3% PER
ADDITIONAL PROCESS
w
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DECREASE 2% PER POIN1
SAMPLED IN ADDITION T
INFLUENT AND EFFLUEN
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^QUALIFIED LAB STAFF
INCREASE 5%
£5
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cn
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-------
-------
EXAMPLE A
Plant Size = 0.9 mgd
Unit Processes:
Headworks (Coraminutor or Grinding)
Activated Sludge (Aeration Basin - Surface Aeration)
Secondary Clarifier
Chlorine Contact Chamber
Aerobic Digester (Surface Aeration)
Sludge Lagoons
Testing Requirements (Sampling and Testing Guidelines, Appendix A)
1. Draw schematic diagram. See next page.
2. Identify sample points from Sampling and Testing
Guidelines.
3. Refer to worksheets A,B,C, and D. Write in name of indi-
vidual unit processes.
4. List minimum and/or optional testing requirements, on
worksheets, from Sampling and Testing Guidelines.
Note: Testing shown includes some optional testing.
5. Eliminate overlaps.
6. List corrected minimum and/or optional testing require-
ments in column at right of each sheet.
E-1
-------
HEADWORKS
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
PLANT
INFLUENT
RECYCLE SLUDGE /
CHLORINE CONTACT
CHAMBER
PLANT
EFFLUENT
AEROBIC
DIGESTER
-SLUDGE LAGOONS
(NO TESTING NEEDED)
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
E-2
-------
WORKSHEET A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE TESTING
INFLUENT
y
z
LU
_i
u.
z
i-
z
lr>
mm
t
| TEST
9 9
Q .O
BOD
pH
TEMP.
DO
FLOW
y-\VLK-
-H V— *
v_/ v^
PRETREATMENT ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
(1) INITIAL UNIT PROCESS
REGARDLESS OF
FREQ. | | TEST
T 'w nnn
2/W
1/D
1/D
3/W
R
2/W
FREQ. ]
•JAJU
PRETREATMENT
EFFLUENT
(2)
_/"~\
~\ 7
\^S
SECONDARY
PLANT EFFLUENT
-J
y
j TEST
SET. SOL
Q fi
0.9.
BOB
CI2 RES
'- » COLI.
CLARIFIER AND
CHLORINE CONTACT
(2) FINAL UNIT PROCESS
UNIT PRECEDING DISINFECTION
AND INCLUDING DISINFECTION.
FREQ. | | TEST
1/D ALK.
3/W S.S.
-2/W- BOD
1/D pH
1/W TEMP.
DO
FREQ. J
1/W
3/W
2/W
1/D
1/D
3/W
MET
Nt 1
TESTS
Sc
.0.
BOD
PH
TEMP.
DO
FLOW
ALK.
SET. SOL
ALK.
S.S.
BOD
CU RES.
PH
COLI.
TEMP.
DO
CDC
rnt-
QUENCY
T/\A/
O/ VV
2/W
1/D
1/D
3/W
R
2/W
1/D
1/W
3/W
2/W
1/D
1/D
1/W
1/D
3/W
E-3
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
(1)
HEADWORKS
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
VI
1/3
o
z
FREQ. ] | TEST
O
O
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
NET
TESTS
S.S.
PH
SET'B'TY.
SET. SOL
ALK.
FRE
QUENCYJ
5/W
1/D
5/W
1/D
1/M
E-4
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
(1)
[TEST
(i)
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
CHLORINE
CONTACT
FRE07| | TEST
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY!
TOT. SOL
FLOW
3/W
R
E-5
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
(1)
| TEST
TOT. SOL
FLOW
(1)
AEROBIC
DIGESTER
SLUDGE
LAGOON
FREQ. | pTEST
2/W
R
FREQ.
(1)
| TEST
(1)
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
FREQ7J | TEST
FREQ.
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY
TOT. SOL.
FLOW
2/W
R
E-6
-------
WORKSHEET C
PROCESS TESTING
I TEST
DO
PH
MICRO-
ANAL
NO3-N
AERATION
BASIN
FREQ.
5/W
5/W
1/W
1/W
TEST
DO
pH
TEMP.
SET. SOL
AEROBIC
DIGESTER
FREQ.
3/W
1/D
1/D
3/W
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY
DO
PH
MICRO-
ANAL
NO3-N
5/W
5/W
1/W
1/W
DO
PH
TEMK
SET. SOL.
3/W
1/D
1/D
3/W
E-7
-------
WORKSHEET D
RECYCLE FLOW TESTING
AERATION
BASIN
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
00
AERATION
BASIN
AT
SUPERNATANT
DRAW OFF
^SUPERNATANT
NET
TEST
FRE-
QUENCY
FLOW
PH
BOD
S.S.
E-8
-------
Equipment Requirements (Appendix B):
1. Major Equipment Items (Table B-l):
General Lab Use Items:
Balance (At minimum level)
Analytical Weight Class S-l
Eye Wash
Hot Plate
Magnetic Stirrer (at optimum level)
pH Meter
Refrigerator
Safety Shower
Sterilizer
Still
File Cabinet 2 drawer, metal
Book Case 2 shelf, 30" L x 12" D
Lab Stool
Items required for Testing:
Incubator microbiological
Incubator BOD
Microscope
Oven
Oxygen Gas Analyzer (at optimum level)
Pump vacuum-pressure
2. Miscellaneous Equipment:
As listed in Table B-20
3. Expendable Items:
As listed in Table B-3.
4. Glass and Plasticware:
As listed in Table B-4.
5. Test Kits :
As listed in Table B-50
E-9
-------
Chemical Requirements (Table B-6):
Chemical
Sodium Hydroxide, Pellets
Sulfuric Acid, Cone.
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone.
Sodium Carbonate
Manganous Sulfate
Potassium Iodide
Sodium Anide
Sodium Thiosulfate
Potassium Biniodate
Potato Starch
Chloroform
Potassium Dihydrogen
Phosphate
Dipotassium Hydrogen
Phosphate
Ammonium Chloride
Magnesium Sulfate
Calcium Chloride
Ferric Chloride
Sodium Sulfite
Sulfannic Acid
Copper Sulfate
Ascetic Acid, Cone.
Sub-Total
from B
Table B-6
1125 gm
440 ml
500 ml
2 gm
480 gm
152 gm
10 gm
187 gm
5 gm
10 gm
5 ml
9 gm
22 gm
2 gm
23 gm
28 gm
1 gm
2 gm
32 gm
50 gm
500 ml
Total Amount
2 X Sub-Total
2250
880
1000
4
960
304
20
374
10
20
10
18
44
4
46
56
2
4
64
100
1000
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
ml
Space Requirements (Appendix C):
Floor Space
Bench Area
Cabinet Volume
(Figure C-l) : 180 ft
(Figure C-2) : 0.40(180)
(Figure C-3) : 200 ft3
= 72
E-10
-------
Staffing Requirements (Appendix D):
The following conditions hold for this plant:
Effluent Requirements; % removal
Industrial Waste; Seasonal flow
Automatic Samplers; influent and effluent
only
No automatic monitors or recording. Off plant
lab work for receiving water.
Person to do lab testing is not certified and
has no previous experience.
Base annual lab man-hours (Figure D-l): 560 hours
Corrections from TALC (Figure D-2):
Factor Adjustment
Degree of Treatment 0
Effluent Requirements 0
Industrial Wastes 0
Automatic Samplers -5%
Automatic Monitors
and Recorders 0
Off Plant Lab Work -10%
Level of Training +5%
Total -15% +5%
Net Change = -15% +5% = -10%
Decrease base annual lab man-hours by
20%; 10% from above, plus 10% for lab
work done by operators
Net annual lab man-hours = 560 - 20% (560)
= 560 - 112 = 448 hours
448
Number lab personnel =, ,-y.Q = 0.3 men
In this instance a part-time lab person may be hired,
or the lab work may be delegated to the plant
operational personnel.
E-11
-------
EXAMPLE B
Plant Size = 23 mgd
Unit Processes:
Headworks
Grinding
Grit Removal (Aerated)
Grit Washing
Grit Classifier
Primary Clarification
Trickling Filter
Activated Sludge (Diffused Air)
Secondary Clarifier
Filtration
Activated Carbon
Carbon Regeneration
Chlorination
Centrifuge
Anaerobic Digestion
Testing Requirements (Sampling and Testing Guidelines, Appendix A)
1. Draw plant schematic diagram. See next page.
2. Identify sample points from Guidelines.
3. Refer to Worksheets A,B,C, and D. Write in names of
individual unit processes.
4. List minimum and/or optional testing requirements
on worksheets, from guidelines.
Note: Test shown includes some optional testing.
5. Eliminate overlaps.
6. List corrected minimum and/or optional testing
requirements in column at right of each page.
E-12
-------
E-13
-------
WORKSHEET A
OVERALL PERFORMANCE TESTING
INFLUENT
z
UJ
_J
u.
2
t-
<
i X^N
y
"M
V^
f \
| TEST
HVY. MET.
ALK.
~rf\r ar\i
— 1 U 1 . — DVJL.
DIS. SOL.
TOT.
VOL. SOL.
S N. 11( S*
\ / \ COD
)— LW )— ^
/ \ / nnn
/ \ § \j\j\j
/ \^ ^/ p»
^^^ _.^r i
PRETREATMENT c™»HYR ™P'
FLOW
(1) INITIAL UNIT PROCESS
REGARDLESS OF
FREQ. | | TEST
2/M BOD
2/W SET. SOL
«?/%»! Tf~\T C/"M
trn lUi.aOL
2/W VOL.S.S.
S.S.
2/W
3/W-
2/W
1/D
1/D
3/W
R
FREQ. |
2/W
3/W
3/W
3/W
3/W
PRETREATMENT
EFFLUENT
c
X N
/
— K
V >
PLANT EFFLUENT
y k
| TEST
COD
,, MBAS
)F. COLI.
COLI.
fr ri2 BCC
pH
V x*
ACTIVATED CARBON
AND
CHLORINE CONTACT
(2) FINAL
UNIT PROCESS
UNIT PRECEDING DISINFECTION
AND INCLUDING DISINFECTION.
FREQ. j j TEST
3/W HVY.
1/D MET.
1/W ALK.
1/W TOT. SOL
R DIS. SOL
Mn TOT-
S.S.
BOD
pH
TEMP.
TURB.
DO
FREQ. J
2/M
2/W
2/W
2/W
o n/Li
^/W
3/W
2/W
2/W
1/D
1/D
R
3/W
MET
(Mt 1
TESTS
HVY. MET.
ALK.
DIS. SOL.
COD
PH
TEMP.
BOD
SET. SOL.
TOT. SOL.
VOL. S.S.
S.S.
DO
FLOW
TOT.
VOL S.
COD
MBAS
F. COLI.
COLI.
CI2 REL.
HVY. MET.
ALK.
TOT. SOL.
TOT.
VOL. S.
S.S.
BOD
pH
TEMP.
TURB.
DO
CDC
rrtt-
QUENCY
2/M
2/W
2/W
2/W
1/D
1/D
2/W
3/W
3/W
3/W
3/W
3/W
R
2/W
3/W
1/D
1/W
1/W
R
2/M
2/W
2/W
2/W
3/W
2/W
Mn
1/D
R
3/W
E-14
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
(1)
| TEST
TOT. SOL
TOT.
VOL. SOL
(1)
GRIT
REMOVAL
GRIT
CLASSIFIER
FREQ.
TEST
2/W
2/W
TOT. SOL
TOT.
VOL. SOL
GRIT
CLASSIFIER
GRIT
WASHER
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
TEST
FREQ.
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY!
TOT. SOL
TOT.
VOL. SOL
2/W
2/W
TOT. SOL
TOT.
VOL. SOL
2/W
2/W
E-15
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
(D
TOT. SOL
TOT.
VOL SOL
(1)
GRIT WASHER
LANDFILL
(1)
| TEST
HEADWORKS
PRIMARY
CLARIFIER
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
FREQ.
TEST
FREOT]
NET
TESTS
TOT. SOL
TOT.
VOL. SOL
FRE
QUENCY
2/W
2/W
E-16
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
(1)
I TEST
(1)
Bee—
SET. S.
VOL.
S.S.
S.S.
PRIMARY
CLARIFIER
TRICKLING
FILTER
FREO. \ | TEST
--2/W—
3/W
3/W
3/W
COD
BOD
FREQ.
2/W
2/W
(1)
| TEST
(1)
TRICKLING
FILTER
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
FREO.
TEST
COD
BOD
FREQ- I
2/W
2/W
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY
SET. S.
VOL. S.S.
S.S.
COD
BOD
3/W
3/W
3/W
2/W
2/W
COD
BOD
2/W
2/W
E-17
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
(D
I TEST
SET'B'TY.
TOT. SOL.
TOT.
VOL. SOL
S.S.
(D
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
FREQ. I I TEST
5/W
3/W
3/W
5/W
ALK.
SET.
SOL
PH
3AV--
1/W
1/D
1/D
(1)
| TEST
TURB.
(1) BOD
S.S.
SET. SOL.
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
FILTRATION
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
FREOT] ( TEST
R
2/W
3/W
1/D
NET
TESTS
SET'B'TY.
TOT. SOL
TOT.
VOL. SOL
S.S.
ALK.
SET. SOL.
pH
TURB.
BOD
SET. SOL
S.S.
FRE-
QUENCY
5/W
3/W
3/W
5/W
1/W
1/D
1/D
R
2/W
1/D
3/W
E-18
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
(1)
TURB.
BOD
S.S.
(1)
FILTRATION
ACTIVATED
CARBON
FREO. \ \ TEST
R
2/W
2/W
COD
PH
MB AS
FREQ. ]
3/W
Mn
1/D
(1)
OIL
(1)
ACTIVATED
CARBON
CHLORINE
LU
o
o
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
FREQ. j | TEST
pH
TEMP.
1/D
1/D
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY
TURB.
BOD
S.S.
COD
pH
MBAS
R
2/W
2/W
3/W
Mn
1/D
PH
TEMP.
1/D
1/D
E-19
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
[TEST
ACTIVATED
CARBON
CARBON
REGENERATION
SPENT CARBON
FREQ. ] | TEST
IODINE
NO.
APR.
DEN.
FREQ.
1/D
1/D
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY!
IODINE
NO.
APP.
DEN.
1/D
1/D
TOT. SOL.
FLOW
1/D
R
E-20
-------
WORKSHEET B
PROCESS FLOW TESTING
(1)
IJHL
TOT. SOL
CENTFGD.
SLUDGE
TOTAL
SOLIDS
(1)
CENTRIFUGE AND
PRIMARY CLARIFIER
PRIMARY
DIGESTER
FREO/j | TEST
1/D
3/D
GREASE
TOT.
VOL. SOL
FREQ. j
1/M
2/W
j TEST
TOT. SOL
(1) TOT.
VOL. SOL
SECONDARY
DIGESTER
LANDFILL
(1) SUCCESSIVE UNIT PROCESSES
FREQ.
WHEN
SLUDGE
IS DRAWN
OFF
| TEST
FREQ.
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY
TOT. SOL
GREASE
TOT.
VOL. SOL
CENTFGD.
SLUDGE
TOTAL
SOLIDS
1/D
1/M
2/W
3/D
TOT. SOL
TOT.
VOL.SOL.
WHEN
SLUDGE
IS
DRAWN
OFF
E-21
-------
WORKSHEET C
PROCESS TESTING
TEST
PRIMARY
DIGESTER
FREO- I
1/W
1/M
3/W
1/W
1/W
1/D
1/D
Mn
IJHL
pH
SECONDARY
DIGESTER
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY
GAS
GREASE '
V.A.
TOT.
VOL. SOL.
TOT. SOL
ALK.
PH
TEMP.
1/W
1/M
3/W
1/W
1/W
1/D
1/D
Mn
PH
Mn
E-22
-------
WORKSHEET C
PROCESS TESTING
TEST
MICRO-ANAL
NOrN
DO3
pH
AIR
INPUT
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
FREQ.
2/W
3/W
5/W
5/W
TEMP.
Oo
CARBON
REGENERATION
FREO. j
Mn @ EA. HEARTH
1/D
NET
TESTS
FRE-
QUENCY
MICRO
NO.-N
DO3
PH
AIR
INPUT
2/W
3/W
5/W
5/W
R
TEMP.
Oo
Mn
1/D
E-23
-------
WORKSHEET D
RECYCLE FLOW TESTING
ACTIVATED
CARBON
CARBON
REGENERATION
[ TEST
IODINE NO.
% ASH
APR. DEN.
REGENERATED CARBON
FREQ. ]
1/D
1/D
1/H
PRIMARY
CLARIFIER
NET
TEST
IODINE NO.
% ASH
APR. DEN.
BOD
S.S.
SET. SOL
FLOW
FRE-
QUENCY
1/D
1/D
1/H
1/W
1/D
1/H
R
E-24
-------
WORKSHEET D
RECYCLE FLOW TESTING
PRIMARY
CLARIFIER
SECONDARY
DIGESTER
TEST
BOD
S.S.
FLOW
SUPERNATANT
FREQ.
1/W
1/W
R
ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
SECONDARY
CLARIFIER
NET
TEST
FRE-
QUENCY
BOD
S.S.
FLOW
1/W
1/W
R
FLOW
-------
Equipment Requirements (Appendix B):
1. Major Equipment (Table B-l):
General Lab Use Items:
Balance (at optimum level)
Analytical balance
Top loading balance
Moisture determination balance
Centrifuge (at optimum level)
Clinical centrifuge, 6 place 15 ml
Polycarbonate tubes, graduated 15 ml
International Model MN-S centrifuge
Head, 6 place 50 ml
Metal Shields, 15 ml
Metal Shields, 50 ml
Trunnion Carriers, 3 place, 15 ml
Trunnion Rings, 50 ml
Polycarbonate tubes, graduated 15 ml
'Borosilicate tubes, conical graduated, 50 ml
Hot Plate
Magnetic Stirrer
pH meter
Refrigerator
Eye Fountain - Safety Shower Combination (at optimum
level)
Still, Barnstead Electric, (at optimum level)
Office Desk
File Cabinet, 4 drawer, metal
Book Case, 4 shelf, 30"L X 12"D
Lab Stools
Desk Chair, swivel, arm.
Items for Testing:
Autotransformer, variable
Chlorine residual analyzer
Chlorine residual recorder
Fume Hood
Gas Analyzer
Heating Mantles
250 ml
500 ml
Tissue Culture Hood
Incubator, Microbiological
Incubator, BOD
Microscope
Muffle Furnace
Muffle Furnace Controller (at optimum level)
Oven
E-26
-------
Items for Testing (Continued)
Oxygen Gas Analyzer
Extension Handle
BOD Stirring Probe
Non-stirring BOD Probe
Field Oxygen Probe, 10 feet
pH Meter - continuous monitoring, required at
3 locations in plant
Pump, Vacuum-pressure
Spectrophotometer
Curettes, rectangular, glass, 10 mm
Sterilizer
Sterilizer, UV (at optimum level)
Thermometer, monitoring, required at 7 locations
throughout plant; 1 at digester and 1 at each
hearth of multiple hearth furnace with 6 hearths
Turbidimeter, continuous recording; 3 required
Water bath
5 flow meters and recorders
2. Miscellaneous Equipment:
As listed in Table B-2.
3. Expendable Items:
As listed in Table B-3.
4. Glass and Plasticware:
As listed in Table B-4.
5. Test Kits:
As listed in Table B-5.
E-27
-------
Chemical Requirements (Table B-6):
Chemical
Sub-Total
from B
Table B-6
Total Amount
2 X Sub-Total
Sodium Hydroxide 1125 gm
Sulfuric Acid, Cone. 5470 ml
Hydrochloric Acid, Cone. 949 ml
Sodium Carbonate 3 gm
Manganous Sulfate 480 gm
Potassium Iodide 443 gm
Sodium Anide 11 gm
Sodium Thiosulfate 212 gm
Potassium Biniodate 5 gm
Potato Starch 20 gm
Chloroform 2155 gm
Potassium Dihydrogen
Phosphate 9 gm
Dipotassium Hydrogen
Phosphate 22 gm
Disodium Hydrogen
Phosphate Heptahydrate 34 gm
Ammonium Chloride 2 gm
Magnesium Sulfate 23 gm
Calcium Chloride 28 gm
Ferric Chloride 1 gm
Sodium Sulfide 12 gm
Potassium Bichromate 14 gm
Silver Sulfate 24 gm
Ferrous Ammonium
Sulfate 39 gm
1,10 - Phenanthroline
Monohydrate 2 gm
Ferrous Sulfate 1 gm
Mercuric Sulfate 40 gm
2250 gm
10,940 ml
1898 ml
6 gm
960 gm
886 gm
22 gm
424 gm
10 gm
40 gm
4210 gm
18 gm
44 gm
68 gm
4 gm
46 gm
56 gm
2 gm
24 gm
28 gm
48 gm
78 gm
4 gm
2 gm
80 gm
E-28
-------
Chemical Requirements (Continued)
Chemical
Sodium Chloride
Brucine Sulfate
Sulfanilic Acid
Potassium Nitrate
Sulfanic Acid
Copper Sulfate
Ascetic Acid
Silicic Acid
n-Butanol
Thynol Blue Indicator
Phenolphthalein Indicator
Nitric Acid
Hydrogen Peroxide
Perchloric Acid
Ammonium Acetate
Cadmium Metal
Potassium Sodium Tartrate
Dithozone
Carbon Tetrachloride
Calcium Oxide
Diphenylthrocarbozone
Ammonium Hydroxide
Dimethyglyoxime
Ethyl Alcohol
Methyl Orange Indicator
Phosphoric Acid
Potassium Permanganate
Diphenylcarbazide
Acetone
Cupferron
Sub-Total
from B
Table B-6
300 gm
1 gm
1 gm
1 gm
32 gm
50 gm
850 ml
10 gm
100 ml
2255 ml
1000 ml
2250 ml
400 gm
1 gm
50 gm
2 gm
2250 ml
20 gm
51 gm
1760 ml
1 gm
600 ml
401 ml
6 gm
1 gm
50 ml
6 gm
Total Amount
2 X Sub-Total
600
2
2
2
64
100
1700
20
200
1
4510
4510
2000
4500
800
2
, 100
4
5000
40
102
3520
2
1200
1
802
12
2
100
12
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
Pt
ml
ml
ml
ml
gm
gm
gm
gm
ml
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
pt
ml
gm
gm
ml
gm
E-29
-------
Chemical Requirements (Continued)
Sub-Total
from B
Chemical Table B-6
Sodium Nitrite 6 gm
Copper Metal 2 gm
Hydroxylamine-Hydrochloride 110 gm
Sodium Citrate 160 gm
2,9-Dimethyl-l,10-
Phenanthroline
Humihydrate 1 gm
Methyl Alcohol 140 ml
Congo Red pH Paper 1 ft
Iron 1 gm
Sodium Acetate 200 gm
1,10 - Phenanthroline 1 gm
Isopropyl Ether 100 ml
Lead Metal 1 gm
Hydrazine 15 ml
Sodium Tartrate 20 gm
Tartaric Acid 50 gm
Sodium Bicarbonate 10 gm
Potassium Cyanide 15 gm
Sodium Oxalate 10 gm
Sodium Bisulfite 10 gm
Silver Nitrate 5 gm
Ammonium Persulfate 25 gm
Nickel Sulfate 1 gm
Bromine 100 gm
1,2-Cycloheptanedione-
dioxime 1 gm
Zinc Metal 1 gm
Methyl Red Indicator
Diethanolamine 4 gm
Total Amount
2 X Sub-Total
12 gm
4 gm
220 gm
320 gm
2 gm
280 ml
2 ft
2 gm
400 gm
2 gm
200 ml
2 gm
30 ml
40 gm
100 gm
20 gm
30 gm
20 gm
20 gm
10 gm
50 gm
2 gm
200 gm
2 gm
2 gm
1 pt
8 gm
E-30
-------
Chemical Requirements (Continued)
Sub-Total
from B Total Amount
Chemical Table B-6 2 X Sub-Total
Carbon Disulfide 1 ml 2 ml
Sodium Sulfide 3 gm 6 gm
Hydrogen Sulfide 2 Ib 4 Ib
n-Hexane 1000 ml 2000 ml
Diatomaceous-Silica
Filter Aid 1000 ml 2000 ml
Iodine 127 gm 254 gm
Ammonia Solution 50 ml 100 ml
Standard ABS 1 gm 2 gm
Methylene Blue 1 gm 2 gm
Monosodium Dihydrogen
Phosphate Monohydrate 50 gm 100 gm
Space Requirements (Appendix C):
Floor Space (Figure C-l): 1250 ft2
Bench Area (Figure C-2): 0.265(1250) - 331.25 ft2
Cabinet Volume (Figure C-3): 740 ft
Staffing Requirements (Appendix D):
The following conditions hold for this plant:
Effluent Requirements; Limit on constituents
Industrial Waste; Erratic flow
Automatic Samplers; Throughout Plant at 11
locations in addition to
influent and effluent.
This was determined from
Sampling and Testing
Guidelines.
Automatic Monitoring
and Recording at 7 locations
Off Plant Lab Work None
Level of Training All personnel certified and
with previous experience
E-31
-------
Base annual lab man-hours (Figure D-l):
Corrections from TALC (Figure D-2):
3800 hours
Factor
Adjustment
Degree of Treatment
Effluent Requirements
Industrial Wastes
Automatic Samplers
Automatic Monitoring
and Recording
Off Plant Lab Work
Level of Training
Totals
Net Change = -28% +26% = -2%
-22%
-14%
-28%
Decrease base annual lab man-hours by 12%;
2% from above, plus 10% for work done by
operational personnel.
Net annual lab man-hours = 3800 - 12% (3800)
= 3800 - 456
= 3344 hours
Number of Personnel
3344
15W
=2.22 men
+6%
+10%
+10%
0
0
In this instance, a lab technician and a
chemist might be hired, with the excess
work being done by part-time lab technicians
or operational personnel.
+26%
E-32
-------
-a
-a
a
i—i
x
-------
-------
TREATMENT PLANTS SURVEYED
Sacramento County - Northwest Plant, California
City of San Leandro, California
City of San Rafael, California
South Tahoe P.UoD., California
City of Medford, Oregon
City of Salem, Oregon
City of Tualatin, Oregon
N. Roseburg Sanitation District, Oregon
City of Durham, North Carolina
City of Lebanon, Pennsylvania
City of Chapel Hill, North Carolina
City of Lancaster, Pennsylvania
City of Stockton, California
City of Dallas, Oregon
Security Water and Sanitary District, Colorado
East Canon Sanitation District, Colorado
City of Aurora, Colorado
City of Troutdale, Oregon
City of Portland - Tryon Creek, Oregon
Santee County Water District, California
City of Grand Rapids, Michigan
City of Boulder, Colorado
City of Colorado Springs, Colorado
Metropolitan Sewer District, Louisville - Kite Creek Plant,
Kentucky
Johnson County Main Sewer Districts - Main Plant, Kansas
Johnson County Main Sewer Districts -
Indian Creek Plant, Kansas
City of Glendale, Colorado
F-l
-------
-------
"U
-a
o
i—i
x
£T>
-------
-------
REFERENCES
1. CH2M/HILL, Estimating Staffing for Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Facilities, A report prepared for the
Environmental Protection Agency, March 1973.
2, Environmental Protection Agency, Methods for Chemical Analysis
of Water and Wastes, 1971, National Environmental Research
Center, Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, Cincinnati,
Ohio, 1971.
3. URS Research Company, Procedures for Evaluating Performance
of Wastewater Treatment Plants, for the Environmental
Protection Agency, 1972,
4. American Public Health Association, Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, New
York, New York, 1971,
5. Great Lakes-Upper Mississippi River Board of State Sanitary
Engineers, Recommended Standards for Sewage Works,
1972 Edition.
6. Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, Handbook for Analytical
Quality Control in Water or Wastewater Laboratories, for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental
Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, June 1972.
G-l
-------
------- |