PB-236 659
COLUMBUS' MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY
Applied Management Sciences, Incorporated
Prepared for:


Environmental Protection Agency



1973
                                    N
                 DISTRIBUTED BY:
                 KHn
                 National Technical Information Service
                 0. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

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 BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
 SHEET
4. Title and Subtitle
1. Report No.
	EPA/530/SW-82c
PB   236   659
 Columbus' Municipal Solid Waste Management System:
 A Case  Study
                                                   Report Date

                                                   1973
                                                 6.
7. Author(s)
                                                 8- Performing Organization Kept.
                                                    No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
 Applied Management Sciences
 §62  Wayne Avenue
 Silver Spring,  Maryland   20910
                                                  10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
                                                  11. Contract/Grant No.

                                                    68-03-0011
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
 U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
 Washington, D.  C.   20460
                                                  13. Type of Report & Period
                                                    Covered
                                                    final
                                                  14.
"5. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstracts
 Jhls study examines the  solid waste  collection and disposal system  in Columbus,
 Ohio.  The background  of the system, including location,  geography, demography,
  climate,  form of government, and  the solid waste management agencies is described,
  and the characteristics  of the system, including the services, equipment, and
  finances  are  discussed.
                                                                to L ..,,
 17. Key Words and Document Analysis.  17a. Descriptors

  Waste disposal, urban  areas
 17b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
                                           Reproduced by
                                             NATIONAL TECHNICAL
                                            INFORMATION SERVICE
                                             U S Department of Commerce
                                                Springfield VA 22151
 17c. COSATI Fie Id/Group
 18. Availability Statement

                                      19. Security Class (This
                                         Report)
                                      	UNCLASSIFIED
                                                           20. Security Class (This
                                                              Page
                                                                UNCLASSIFIED
 FORM NTIS-33 (REV. 3-721
           21. No. of Pages
                                                                                 USCOMM-DC 149S2-P72

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                 NOTICE






THIS DOCUMENT  HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE



BEST  COPY  FURNISHED US  BY THE  SPONSORING



AGENCY.  ALTHOUGH IT  IS  RECOGNIZED  THAT CER-




TAIN  PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RE-



LEASED IN  THE  INTEREST  OF MAKING AVAILABLE



AS MUCH  INFORMATION  AS POSSIBLE.

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                           2SSGX3
              COLUMBUS' MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE  MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

                                A Case Stucjy
             This final report (SW-82c) describes work performed
for the Federal  solid waste management programs under contract No. 68-03-0041
                    to APPLIED MANAGEMENT SCIENCES,  INC.
              and is reproduced as received from the  contractor
                    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                     1974

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This report has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and approved for publication.  Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, nor does mention of commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government.
An environmental protection publication (SW-82o)
in the solid waste management series
                           ii

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                          FOREWORD
     Solid waste management systems are an integral  part of the
environment of nearly every citizen in the United States.   Yet
until recent years, these systems have not received the attention
other visible residential services have enjoyed.  This historical
neglect has resulted in systems which may not be cost-effective,
especially with respect to the rising cost trends encountered in
solid waste management activities.  These trends arise from two
principal factors:

     *  Environmentally sound disposal methodology is being
        enforced or strongly encouraged; as a result, disposal
        sites and needed equipment are now expensive to procure
        and operate.

     *  The collection function is highly labor intensive.
        Thus, the costs of unskilled labor, which have been
        rising to meet socioeconomic demands, have had
        enormous impacts on local agency budgets.

     This rise in cost pressure has forced all  levels of
governmental organizations to consider more closely the management
and costs of solid waste management activities.

     Because efforts to upgrade solid waste management practices
are  in their infancy, there is still an obvious lack of data
bases for evaluative and comparative analyses.  This case  study
is one in a series of case studies of solid waste management
systems which has been conducted  under the sponsorship of  the
Office of Solid Waste Management  Programs, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency.  Kenneth Shuster and Cindy McLaren served  as
EPA  project officers on  the case  study reported herein.  The
purpose  of these case studies  is  to fill  in this data gap  with
actual case histories of how cities are handling their solid
waste problems.

     Concerned agencies  at all government  levels, as well  as
private  firms, will be able to assess  information of  the  following
types:

     *   The management and operating  characteristics  of
         public sector solid waste management  systems.

     *   The  institutional  forces  which  give  rise to  these
         characteristics.
                              iii

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     *  Those techniques that have been or are being applied
        to enhance the measures of productivity, aesthetics,
        level of service, and environmental control.

     These agencies and firms can then use these comparisons
to upgrade their systems according to the norms achieved in other
cities of similar size, geographical location, and operational
and institutional characteristics.

                              —ARSEN J. DARNAY
                                    txti/ k&&iAta.Yi
                                    Sotid Wa&te.
                             IV

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                           TABLE OF CONTENTS


Chapter                                                            Page

  1     INTRODUCTION 	     1

  2     SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ABSTRACT 	     5

  3     FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 	     9

  4     BACKGROUND OF THE SYSTEM	12

        4.1: Location, Geography, Demography, and Climate   .   .    12
        4.2: Form of Government and Organization   	    14
        4.3: Solid Waste Management System History .....    17
        4.4: Agencies Impacting the Columbus Solid Waste
             Management System   	    19

  5'    SOLID WASTE SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS	24

        5.1: Authorization and Regulation 	    25
        5.2: Collection Function 	    28
        5.3: Productivity/Efficiency of the System 	    34
        5.4: Disposal Function   	    42
        5.5: Street Cleantng	51
        5.5: Labor-Management Relations   	    53
        5.7: Equipment Description  	    61
        5.8: Financial Aspects of the Solid Waste
             Management System	65
        5.9: Future Developments 	    77

        APPENDICES

             APPENDIX A:   Columbus  Solid Waste  Codes and Ordinances

             APPENDIX B:   Ohio  Solid Waste  Disposal Laws, Regulations,
                           Codes, and Suggested  Model Ordinances

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                     LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS


Figure                        Title                        Page

  1        Data Sources and Information Types 	  4

  2        Columbus Government Organization  	 16

  3        Bulk Pickup Notice	33

  4        Landfill Locations in Columbus 	 43

  5        Landfill License Application Form	49

  6        Sanitary Landfill Inspection Form	50

  7        Division of Sanitation Personnel  	 54

  8        Employee Grievance Form	56

  9        Accident Report	,	58

 10        Sickness and  Injury  Investigation Report  .... 59

 11        Injury  Report	60

 12        Vehicle Accident Report	63

 13        Refuse  Hauler's  License Application	64

 14        Transfer Station Bids Received by Columbus  ... 79

 15        Proposed Solid  Waste  Activities  in Columbus.  .  . 80

 16        Notice  of  Paper Bag  Program	82

 17        Evaluation Questionnaire  for Paper Bag
           Pilot Program	83

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                        LIST OF TABLES

Table                       Title                         Page
  1       Collection Abstract ...,,,,,,,,,.,  7
  2       Disposal Abstract 	 ,,.«,,,.,,  8
  3       Demographic Profile of Columbus, Ohio , , . ,  .  15
  4       Rental Charges for Cubic Yard Containers  ...  32
  5       Manpower/Equipment Allocation for Columbus  ,  ,  35
  6       Productivity/Efficiency Parameters of Columbus.  38
  7       Equipment at Frank Road Landfill  .,,..,.  47
  8       Personnel at Frank Road Landfill  ,	48
  9       Street Cleaning Statistics	  . . ,  .  52
  10      General Fund Revenues by Source (For 1970
          to 1973)	  68
  11      Sanitation Division Revenues by Source   . , ,  ,  69
  12      Expenditures by Purpose for Sanitation Division
          1968 to 1973	   71
  13      Expenditures by Purpose for Street Cleaning
          1968 to 1973	   72
  14      Expenditures by Purpose for Solid Waste
          Management System - 1968 to 1973	,  .   73
  15      Percent Distribution of Expenditures by Purpose
          for Sanitation Division -  1968  to 1973   ,  .  .  .   75
  16      Average Annual Percent  Increase of Selected
          Expenditures for Solid Waste Management
          System -  1968  to 1973	   76
                             vii

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                               1
                          INTRODUCTION
     The solid waste management system in Columbus, Ohio is city
operated and is administered by the Division of Sanitation of the
Department of Public Services.  The city collects and disposes of
all residential wastes generated within Columbus.  In addition, it
provides refuse collection and disposal, under contract, to com-
mercial sources that request service.  The collection and disposal
functions have maintained their basic character and composition
over a period of many years, and only recently have plans been
made to modify certain aspects of the system.  Transfer stations
and pulverizer units are now planned and may have a considerable
effect on the current system characteristics reported in this
case study.  The important features of the anticipated system
changes are described in this report.
     The collection system utilizes conventional packer trucks
and provides curb-side service to the residents of single family,
detached homes.  Container or "box" service  is offered to
multiple-family units and commercial sources requesting such
service.  Collection is performed on a once-a-week basis, but
residents can request additional service  for which an addi-
tional charge is made.  Two major problems are associated with
the current collection operation.  First, the system has a high
absenteeism rate.   Second, the remote disposal site creates  long
                                -1-

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haul distances for many service areas.   This latter problem will
be remedied by means of transfer stations.
     The disposal system has consisted of landfills, now re-
stricted to one site located in the southwest section of the city.
Antiquated equipment at this site and constant breakdowns have
created some operational problems, but the topography and geology
of the site appear suitable for landfill.  The planned land dis-
posal of pulverized refuse, compared to conventional loose refuse,
should alleviate the operational problems and eliminate any nui-
sance or health hazards.
     Three transfer stations, currently under construction, are
strategically located in the city, and each is to be equipped
with a refuse pulverizer.  These facilities are certain to im-
prove the current  inefficiencies in the collection  system due to
the long haul distance  to  the disposal site.  The transfer sta-
tions should also  reduce collection truck maintenance costs, as
the trucks must now struggle through the landfill.  Finally, the
pulverizers will produce shredded refuse, which is  claimed to be
easier and more economical to landfill than unprocessed refuse.
It  is possible that this system will be a forerunner to future
resource recovery  efforts  when the city feels that  recovery is
economically viable.
     The case  study of  Columbus, Ohio was performed using  a
carefully  structured data  gathering technique.  Initial contacts
were made  by both  the  Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
of  the  Environmental Protection Agency  and  Applied  Management
Sciences personnel.   Interviews were  scheduled  to be convenient
for the  city  personnel. During these  interviews,  notes were
taken  and  tape recordings  were made after obtaining the permis-
sion of  the  interviewees.   Efforts were  made  to require a  minimum
of  city  personnel  time and,  whenever  possible,  existing documentation
                                 —2—

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was solicited to support the general discussions.  Figure 1
presents the titles of the people interviewed in Columbus,
the dates of these interviews, and the types of information
obtained.
     The structure of this report consists of five chapters, in-
cluding the introduction, and appropriate appendices.  Chapter 2
is a systems description abstract which synopsizes the character-
istics of the city and the collection and disposal systems.
Chapter 3 presents the findings of the case study effort and
identifies potential problem areas.  Chapter 4 is a description
of the city in terms of those parameters which can affect solid
waste management operations.  Finally, Chapter 5 reports the
characteristics of the solid waste system in considerable detail
All aspects of the system are discussed and appropriate tabular
data are presented.
                                 -3-

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         TITLE
 DATE
          INFORMATION
Assistant Director,  Department
of Public Service
Representative, Fra'nklin County
 Superintendent, Division of
 Sanitation

Refuse Collection Supervisor
Division of Sanitation

Landfill Operations Supervisor
 )lvision of Sanitation

 lusiness Manager, Division of
 >a;.liation

Fiscal Officer, Department of
Public Service

 \dministrative Analyst,
 Jepartment of Finance

Superintendent, Municipal
Garage

 Representative,  Local  53,
 American  Federation of
 State,  County, and
 Municipal  Employees

 director,  Department of
 Public  Service

 Chief of  Resource Recovery,
 Division  of  Waste Management
 and Engineering,  Ohio  EPA

 Representative,  Chamber  of Commerce
 Labor Relations Manager,  Department
 of Public Service
May 8



May 8


May 9


May 9

May 9


May 9


May 9


May 9

May 10



May 10




May 10


May 10



May 10



May  10
General system characteristic.-.
history, problem areas,  new
developments

          *
County landfills, solid wast.
handling

Details of collection, disposal nt
solid wastes


Details of collection system


Details of land disposal faci';


Annual reports on Division of
Sanitation

Financial aspects of solid waste
system

Financial details


Details of equipment maintenance
 Labor  relations; union impact or;
 city
 Planned solid  waste  system-transfer
 stations,  pulverizers
                                   t
 State solid waste  regulations      '
 affecting  Columbus
 General background information
 on Columbus
 Labor relations;  coordination
 with local union
   FIGURE  1:   DATA SOURCES AND  INFORMATION  TYPES
                                                  -4-

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                    SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ABSTRACT
City:      Columbus, Ohio
Contacts:  Robert C. Parkinson

           Mr. Weaver
           Richard L. Harris
           Mr. Mayo

           Lewis Wormley

           Fred Glaze
           Robert Hunt

           Richard Meece

           James A. Matheny
           Albert L, Beard
           Richard D. Jackson
           David Sharp
           David Lieser
           Rosemary Martin
           Arthur Tisdale
- Assistant Director,  Department of
  Public Service
- Franklin County Health Department
- Superintendent, Division of Sanitation
- Refuse Collection Supervisor, Division
  of Sanitation
- Landfill Operations Supervisor, Division
  of Sanitation
- Business Manager, Division of Sanitation
- Fiscal officer, Department of Public
  Services
- Administrative Analyst, Department of
  Finance
- Superintendent, Municipal Garage
- Local 53, AFSCME
- Director, Department of Public Service
- Chief of Resource Recovery, Ohio EPA

- Chamber of Commerce
  Labor Relations Manager, Department
  of Public Service
   -5-

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Dates of Visit:  May 8 - May 10, 1973
Population
Demography:
Date
1980
(projected)
1970
1960
Total
600,000
539,677
471,361
White

437,255

Negro

99,627
X

Other

2,795

Area:   155.8 Square Miles
Density:   3464 Residents per Square Mile
Road Mileage:  1026-/
Collection:   Table 1,  Collection Abstract
           Miscellaneous:  Mixed refuse collection  service  is
           provided, in which  putrescibles  and  trash  are  simul-
           taneously collected, along with  yard waste.  Service
           is also provided to multiple family  units  and  those
           commercial  sources  that  request  the  service.   Only
           containerized pick-up is offered to  these  latter
           points.  Bulky materials  (white  goods,  furniture, etc.)
           are  collected  from  all  sources on an average of  4 times
           per  year, per  residence,  although the  extent of  this
           service  varies.  Street  cleaning is  the only solid
           waste activity  that is  not  handled by  the  Division
 I/
     Calculated as half the swept curb mileage,
                                 -6-

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TABLE 1:  COLLECTION ABSTRACT
"X. Collection
^^ Function
Collection ^v.
Variables ^v^
Numb«r of crews
Crew Size
'requency of
Service
Point of Collection
Method of Collection
-.
Stops
Service Limitations
Incentive System
Fund Source
Tonnage (Annual)
Wage Scales (Hourly
(excluding fringe)
Unions
Annual Cost
Single Family
Residential
Mixed Refuse
M
3 to 4
I/ week
Curb-side or alley
line
Manual
152.937
Cans up to 30 gal-
lons capacity; or
bundles up to SO
Ib. and 4' x 2'
Multiple Family
and Commercial
"Box" Service
12
3
I/ week
On premises
Hoist on rear-
loader
2,090
3 to 12 cubic yard
"box" containers
Task System
General Fund
IOJ. J»6
General Fund,
rental of
containers,
service charge
2».*J4
Bulky
' 6
3
4/jrear
Curb-side or alley
line
Manual
As needed
-
-
General Fund
12,480
Street Cleaning
Variable
1
-
Streets
Street vacuum
Mechanical broom
Open-bed trucks
2,053 curb miles
-
-
Ganeral Fund
and
Revenue Sharing
N/»
$4.11 - $4.47
American Federation
of State. County,
and Municipal
Employees
$•1.280,219.40
S4I5.9fiO.35
•273,670.85
$8.19. (566
              -7-

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           of Sanitation and is the responsibility of the Division
           of Engineering and Construction.
Disposal:  Table 2, Disposal Abstract
           Miscellaneous:  Columbus has only one city-operated
           sanitary landfill to which all city solid wastes are
           taken.  Its location, in one corner of the city, has
           reduced the efficiency  of the collection system be-
           cause of long haul distances.  There are no significant
           operational difficulties at the fill, but the remaining
           lifetime on the site is only 3 years.
                    TABLE 2:  DISPOSAL ABSTRACT
 Type:
 Location:
 Total area:
 Real loading:
 Total lifetime:
 Expected  remaining
 lifetime:
 Operating costs:
Sanitary landfill
Frank Road (southwest portion of city)
97 acres
1000 tons/day
6 years

3 years
$339,352.32

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                   FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

     Until recently, the solid waste management system in Colum-
bus, Ohio had been expanding slowly and in a conventional manner.
The city had historically chosen the path of least resistance
to maintain the most economical (least cost) system possible at
the expense of lowering the quality service to its residents.  The
collection and disposal equipment currently in use is antiquated
and much of it needs replacement.  The city has been forced to
cut back its disposal options to one disposal site where opera-
tional needs are just barely being met.  Absenteeism among col-
lection workers is high.
     The state of the system is now undergoing rapid change.
The changes can be attributed to the infusion of new management
into the Division of Sanitation and the Department of Public
Services and the rapport that these personnel have with the city
administration.  Due to the efforts of senior management in the
Department of Public Services, planning efforts were undertaken
to  improve efficiency and reduce some of the inequities of the
current collection and disposal system.  These planning efforts
identified the major problems facing the system.
     The most significant problem was that operational difficul-
ties had reduced the city disposal capability to just one land-
fill.  This situation in disposal site availability had a
                               -9-

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corresponding effect on the collection system, as it created
long haul distances for many packer truck crews.  These crews
already had the problem of having to start from and return to
one central location (the Municipal Garage).  In addition,
collection time was also lost due to the morning and after-
noon congestion of trucks fueling, leaving and returning at the
same time.
     To. solve these problems, the city has planned three transfer
stations, with pulverizer units to be integrated into each sta-
tion.  The Municipal Garage is also decentralizing its operation
and packer trucks will now be stored at the transfer stations
instead of at one central location.  Travel distances and main-
tenance/operating costs for packer trucks will be substantially
reduced and their usable life increased.  Also, the damage
incurred by packers at landfills will be eliminated.
     It is expected that operational problems at the landfill
(due to the use of older equipment) will also be minimized as
pulverized refuse is easier to handle than loose refuse.  Also
pulverized waste should not have any of the more common nuisance,
health, and aesthetic problems traditionally  associated with
untreated solid waste.  The city hopes to receive state approval
to permit limited landfill covering for the site so that only
a final layer of cover will be required.
     In terms of planned system changes, the  only problems that
remain unsolved are the high absenteeism rate among collection
workers and the inadequate equipment replacement rate.  The
Department of Public Services and  Division of Sanitation  are
acutely aware of these problems.  The absenteeism problem  is
being  addressed by  assigning one more man than  actually needed
to  each collection  crew.   Since there is always  a shortage of
men  on any given work  day, the correct  crew size  (that which
the  city  feels  is optimal  -  three  men per truck) will operate
                                -10-

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each truck.  The city budget appears to constrain frequent
equipment replacement.
     The only solid waste management activity in Columbus not
within the jurisdiction of the Division of Sanitation is the
street cleaning function.  This is the responsibility of the
Division of Engineering and Construction of the Department of
Public Services.  This service appears to be excellent as
Columbus presents a very clean appearance and has minimal street
litter.  This is especially surprising as observation indicated
a minimal number of litter boxes in the downtown section of the
city.  This division has initiated a. program of distributing
litter containers throughout the city and is evidently receiving
positive public response to its actions.
     Solid waste management is not a major political issue in
this city and the residents are evidently satisfied with the
provided service.  There appears to be no equivalent of an
environmental action council in the city and public information
groups  (the Chamber of Commerce, League of Women Voters, etc.)
were not aware of any public participation in, or objection to,
any of  the city's solid waste management activities.  The sani-
tation  worker's union, an AFSCME local, appears to have good
relations  with  the city.  The existence of the union is rela-
tively  new and, if the result of the last negotiation is any
indicator  (a phenomenal  increase in wages), the city could ex-
pect problems in the future.
                                -11-

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                    BACKGROUND OF THE SYSTEM

     Columbus is located near the geographic center of Ohio,  and
is the nucleus of a three-county Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Area having a population of nearly one million.  The site was chosen
as the state capital in 1812 before the city in fact existed. This
selection initiated a long, steady development that saw the city
develop into a major industrial, education, and commercial center
for the Midwest.
4.1:  Location, Geography, Climate and Demography
     Columbus is located in the center of the state and in the
Ohio River watershed.  The ground elevation is 777 feet above
sea level; the latitude is 40 deg. N. and longitude 83 deg. W.
     Four nearly parallel streams run through or adjacent to the
city.  The Scioto River is the principal stream and flows from
the northwest into the center of the city and then flows straight
south toward the Ohio River.  The Olentangy River runs almost
due south and empties into the Scioto just west of the business
district.  Two minor streams, Alum and Big Walnut Creeks, run
through portions of Columbus or  skirt the eastern and southern
fringes of the area.
     Columbus is located in an area of changeable weather.   Air
masses from central and northwest Canada frequently invade this
                                 -12-

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region.  The tropical Gulf masses often reach central Ohio during
the summer and to a much lesser extent in the fall and winter.
There are also occasional weather changes brought about by cool
outbreaks from the Hudson Bay region of Canada, especially during
the spring months.  At infrequent intervals the general circula-
tion will bring showers or snow to Columbus from the Atlantic.
Although Columbus does not have a "wet" or "dry" season as such,
the month of October has a higher frequency of light rainfall than
any other month and comes closest to providing a normal dry period.
The average annual precipitation is 36.7".
     The 1970 census recorded the population of Columbus as
539,677, making it the second largest city in the state. Persons
of various minority groups, chiefly blacks, constitute 19% of
the total population.  The population of the city rose from
471,316 in 1960, a 14.5 percent increase primarily attributable
to annexations of surrounding communities.  The entire Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area experienced a 21.4 percent growth
rate during the same period.
     As a result of the annexations, Columbus has the largest
area of any city in Ohio, with 155.8 square miles as of January
1973.  The population density for the city is approximately
3,464 per square mile.  The projected population growth for the
present decade will result in an estimated population of more
than 600,000  for the city and nearly 1.2 million for the Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area by 1980.
     The employment picture of Columbus shows nearly 400,000
people  employed in the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
There  are nearly  1,000 manufacturing establishments engaged in
such activities as laundry products, machine shop equipment,
packaging products,  shoes, clothing, aircraft, printing, publish-
ing, food products,  auto parts, electrical appliances,  and tele-
phone  equipment.  The total payroll  for the area exceeded $3.3
                              -13-

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billion in 1971.  Recently,  unemployment has been very low,  with
a rate of 2.7 percent in March 1973.  Average weekly earnings
in March 1973 for factory workers equalled $175.56.  The mean
income in 1970 for the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
was $3,328 per capita and,for the city, it was $3,110 per capita.
     Higher education has long been a major institution in
Columbus, since the establishment of Ohio State University in
1873.  The university currently enrolls over 46,000 students,
with an additional 11,000 students attending one of ttte five
other  institutions of higher education in the metropolitan area.
Scientific research has also played an important role in the
development of  Columbus.  Several well-known research organiza-
tions, e.g., the Battelle Memorial  Institute (largest research
organization of its kind  in the United States), the Denison
Research Foundation, and  the Ohio State University Research
Foundation, are based in  Columbus.
     As a major commercial and government center,  the city is
served by four  major railroad systems and by eight major airlines.
Additionally, 105 motor freight lines operate  in Columbus and
seven  intercity bus  lines serve the city.
     The demographic data are summarized in Table  3.
4.2 Form of Government and Organization
     The municipal organization of  Columbus  is divided  into  three
branches  -  the  judiciary, executive,  and  legislative.   The
governmental organization is  presented in  Figure 2.   The legis-
 lative branch  consists  of the City  Council  whose seven  members
 are elected by  the public for a  term  of four years.   Regular
meetings a  year are  held  on  Monday  nights and all  actions taken
 by the Council  are  either by  ordinance or resolution.   Passage of
 legislation requires the affirmative  vote of at least four
 Council members.   Approved  measures become law 30 days after
                               -14-

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         TABLE 3:   DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE  OF  COLUMBUS,  OHIO
  Population:                  Columbus                 SMSA
         1960                  471,316                 754,885
         1970                  539,677                 916,228
  Non-white population 1970 - 102,422                 110,220
  Labor Force  (SMSA)  - 397,800
  Median Income:City       SMSA
  per family - 10,848    11,864
  per capita -  3,110     3,328
  Land area -  155.8 square miles
  Elevation -  777 feet above sea level
  Average Temperature - 51.5° F.
  Annual Precipitation -  36.7"
being signed by the Mayor, except for emergency legislation which
requires six Council votes and takes effect when signed by the
Mayor as provided by law.
     Council establishes the number of officers and employees of
each department, determines whether an officer or employee should
give bond, and sets the amount of bond.  Council prepares, from
the Mayor's estimate, an appropriation ordinance for needs of
each department and passes said ordinance which is the sole source
of money to be spent except for transfers and supplementary
ordinances.  Council may  investigate financial transactions of
any office or department  and the official acts and conduct of
any city official.  Council approves the Mayor's appointments
to Citizen Commissions.
                              -15-

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A
PUBLIC SAFETY

1 DIVISION OF
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DIVISION or
COMMUNICATIONS
DIVISION OP
DIVISION OF


NEIGHBORHOOD



FINANCE

DIVISION OF
POLICE
DIVIS
TRAFF
ft f A
ION OF
>C ENG
DIVISION OF
AIR
DIVISION OF
WEIGHTS ft


PUBLIC SERVICE

1 DIVISION OF
ENGINEERING ft
CONSTRUCTION



DIVISION OF
WATER
DIVIS
KLCCT
DIVISI
LAN
BUILC

DN OF
*IC1TY
ON OF
>INGS

PUBLIC
UTILITIES

DIVISION OF
SEWERAGE ft
DR AINAC, t
DIVISION or
A IB PORT
DIVISION or
GARAGE
DIVISION OF
SANITATION



OF OF COMMUNITY

[DIVISION OF
PLANNING




DIVISION OF
URBAN
RENEWAL



DIVISION OF
ZONING
DIVISION OF
HOUSINS INSPECTION



                                        DEPARTMENT
                                         HEALTH
    OF RE(.MCAT'ON
 DCPT OF
INDUSTRIAL
RELATION*
          OFFICIAL*
                                    HEALTH
                                   EDUCATION
                                   FOOD AND  I
                                   • AWITATION  r
                                             DIVISION or
                                              NUftSING
MEDICAL
• CPVICIS
FIGURE 2:   COLUMBUS GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
                                    -16-

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     The judicial branch of the Columbus government consists of
a Municipal Court which has county-wide jurisdiction and is
divided into three divisions - The Civil Division, the Criminal
and Traffic Court and the Traffic Violation Bureau.  The twelve
judges and the Clerk of the Municipal Court are elected to six
year terms by all voters in Franklin County.

     The Executive and Administrative powers of the city are
vested in the Mayor, who is elected to a four year term.  It is
the duty of the Mayor to act as Chief Conservator of the peace
within the city and to preside over the administration of all its
affairs.  He appoints the Director for the Departments of Public
Safety, Public Service, Finance, Development, Utilities, Com-
munity Relations, Youth Opportunity and any other officers whose
positions may be created by Council and for whose appointment no
provision is made by Charter.  Further, the Mayor directs the en-
forcing of all Ordinances; keeps the Council advised of the
financial condition and needs of the city; prepares and submits
reports required by that body, and recommends for adoption such
measures as may be necessary or expedient.

     The Director of Public Service is responsible  for the con-
struction, improvement and maintenance of  all city  roadways, and
water,  sewage and drainage and sanitation  facilities.  He is
also accountable for the operation of the  Airport,  city power
plant  and municipal public service divisions.

4.3:   Solid Waste Management System History
     The solid waste management system  in  Columbus  has expanded
in  proportion to the growth of the city.   As Columbus grew  in  the
  i9601s,the city switched  from backyard to curbside pickup.  In
  1954  a freeze was put on water and sewer connections
  outside the City.  Since then a considerable amount of
  land  has been annexed to Columbus and, as a result, there
  has been only nominal growth.
                              -17-

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outside of Columbus.   The heavy growth within the city limits
resulted in rapid expansion of Columbus' solid waste management
system.  The city has kept a monopoly on residential collection,
but currently services only 65 commerical customers.  The com-
mercial service is now being phased out, and most commercial
generators are serviced by private haulers in the area.
     Labor-management relations have not exhibited any unusual
patterns.  Approximately two years ago there was a strike over
salaries which originated with the sewage treatment workers and
spread to most city employees.  The sanitation workers in
Columbus were not unionized until the American Federation of
State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) entered the pic-
ture in  1971.  However, until October 1972 the union was still
uncertain of the size of  its membership.  At  that time the union
succeeded in persuading city management  to sign  an  agreement  giving
the union the right to negotiate on behalf of its members and es-
tablishing wages and  fringe benefits.   Now most  sanitation workers
are members of the AFSCME.

     The disposal system  has been relatively  slow to  evolve,  but
will soon be undergoing change.  Columbus has long  used  open
dumps  and, at the beginning of  1972,  the city was operating  two
landfills without any  fixed operational criteria.   The State  of
Ohio then served notice on Columbus to  close  down these  facili-
ties by  July of  1972,  or  upgrade them to sanitary landfills.
One  site was closed down  and  all equipment transferred to the
other  site because a  new  freeway was  planned  to  pass  through
one  of the sites and  the  city  had  insufficient equipment to  oper-
ate  two  sanitary  landfills.   The city is currently  operating  this
one  site in  the  southwest section of  the city and adheres to  the
state  criteria  for sanitary  landfills.
                               -18-

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     The most recent development in Columbus' solid waste
management system was initiated by a study undertaken one year
ago.  The study showed that each collection crew was spending
an average of over two hours a day for hauls to the landfill.
Also, collection trucks were being damaged at the landfill. The
result of this study was for the city to let bids on a system of
transfer stations which are now under construction,  \7hen the
pulverized refuse facilities become available, the city will seek
a slackening of some sanitary landfill criteria, such as daily
cover requirements.  The characteristics of these facilities will
be discussed at length in the next chapter.

4.4:    Agencies Impacting the Columbus Solid Waste
        Management System
4.4.1:  State Level Agencies
Ohio Department of Health/Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
     The State of Ohio has the authority to regulate the disposal
of solid wastes within the state.  Enabled by Sections 3734.01 and
3734.11 of the Ohio Revised Code, the Public Health Council of the
State Board of Health has adopted regulations and minimum standards
to assure that all solid waste disposal sites be "located,
maintained, and operated in a manner so as not to create a
nuisance, cause or contribute to water or air pollution, or
create a health hazard."  Subsequent to the adoption of this
code, the Ohio Department of Health created a Solid Waste
Section within the Division of Engineering to develop an overall
solid waste program.
     The established objectives of the Solid Waste Section are to:
     1.  Survey existing solid waste programs and practices
         in an effort to obtain comprehensive information
         from the entire state.
     2.  Offer program consultation and advice, and to
         review for approval all plans for new disposal
         sites and facilities.
                               -19-

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     3.   Prepare and conduct orientation sessions for  -
         state and local health department  personnel.
     4.   Prepare and conduct informational  meetings with
         other state agencies,  county and local govern-
         ments and interested organizations,  professional
         associations,  and public officials.
     5.   Prepare educational materials for  the public.
     6.   Promote and carry out legislation  necessary for
         proper solid waste programs.
     Following the guidelines set up by the Bureau of Solid Waste
Management,-'  members of the Solid Waste Section conducted a de-
tailed investigation of over 800 land disposal sites and  facili-
ties as a part of the National Solid Waste Survey.  Many  un-
satisfactory conditions were documented and were supported by
hundreds of color slides and photographs.  Every county,  city,
and incorporated village was visited and information was  obtained
on the solid waste practices of each community.
      Information  obtained  from the  survey  indicated that the  ex-
 isting  conditions of many  disposal  sites posed potential pollu-
 tion  hazards  to air, ground waters  and  surface waters, and  in
 some  areas  the problems of solid waste  had become critical.   The
 survey  provided a data  base on the  various aspects of  solid waste
 handling and  disposal  and  demonstrated  the need for an overall
 planned program.  Additional emphasis was  indicated for  the areas
 of  legislation,  financing, technical assistance and consultation,
 public  awareness programs, and personnel training. As  more  data
 became  available, it was recognized that more leadership was
 necessary at  the state level and that good,  reasonable,  and en-
 forceable state legislation was imperative.
      These findings led to the creation of the Ohio Environmental
 Protection Agency in October 1972.   The Ohio EPA consolidated the
-'  Now  the Office  of  Solid Waste Management Programs
                               -20-

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functions and powers of the old Ohio Water Pollution and Air
Pollution Control Boards.  The Ohio EPA director is now responsible
for the administration of 60,000 to 90,000 air pollution permits
and 2,000 water pollution permits.  He also has authority over
solid waste disposal standards.
     The Ohio EPA is currently working with municipalities to
find alternative methods of solid waste disposal to eliminate the
practice of open burning.  It has been estimated that 300,000
tons of airborne particulate matter are generated in Ohio each
year from the open burning of trash and leaves.  The Ohio EPA is
helping to establish new refuse disposal systems including re-
cycling, landfilling, pulverizing, and composting to alleviate
this problem.
     This agency will review the progress of the Columbus trans-
fer station/pulverization experiment.  The Ohio EPA will then
be responsible for deciding if the methodology is satisfactory
in terms of environmental and health factors.  The issuance of
a permit will depend on  the critical question of the necessity
to provide daily cover on a pulverized mixed refuse landfill.
The Ohio EPA will retain the responsibility for surveillance
and monitoring of Columbus's solid waste disposal practices,
although the actual performance of surveillance/monitoring may
be delegated to  a local  authority.
4.4.2:  Local Level Agencies
Environmental Health Project
     The Environmental Health Project, sponsored by the City  of
Columbus,  is designed  to correct  or  alleviate  environmental
blight  and health problems by person-to-person contact  and  edu-
cation.  Health  aides  assigned to the project  have gone about this
task by informing residents or landlords  that  they are  in viola-
tion of Health Codes,  by seeking  compliance with the codes  from
                               -21-

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the person responsible,  and by counseling them in proper health
methods.
     At the time of the site visit, project personnel had con-
tacted 796 persons in the area converning environmental health
problems.  The aides had investigated 181 complaints and had
issued 309 courtesy notices to tenants or landlords to comply
with city health ordinances.  The project has received compliance
from 153 tenants or landlords.  Aides of the project have notified
the Police Department of 46 junked automobiles requiring removal
from the model city area.  The bulk refuse service, operating on
the first and third Mondays of each month, has removed 251 truck-
loads of bulk refuse from 262 residences in the area.
     During July, 1972, 458 families received free waste con-
tainers  through the project.  At the present time the container
supply  is exhausted but passage of an ordinance by City Council
is being sought which will allow more containers to be purchased.
   •  August 31, 1972 marked the end of the Summer Clean-Up project
sponsored by the Youth Service Bureau.  The clean-up crews, which
worked  in the model city area, were supported by the Environmental
Health  Project which provided the  young workers with brooms,
rakes,  shovels, weed cutters and gloves with which to carry out
their  tasks.
      At the present time,  project  management  is  in the process
of resurveying  the model city area to determine  the effectiveness
of the services offered  during  the first  action  year.  This task
will  help to  accurately  determine  the most  important problems
in the area and what changes  in approach  will have to be made to
deal  more effectively  with these problems.
                               -22-

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Local No.  1632, American Federation of State, County, and
Municipal Employees
     The Sanitation Division workers are represented by Local 1632
of the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employ-
ees, AFL-CIO.  The union appears to maintain good relations with
the city administration.  A two-year agreement was recently nego-
tiated between the city and the union and went into effect on
October 2, 1972.  Among the advantages won by the union at this
time was a considerable increase in wages and fringe benefits
The starting pay for new sanitation workers rose from $1.89/hour
to $3.46/hour.  The minimum wage for tenured employees was pegged
at $3.88/hour.  Wages for these workers will reach a maximum of
$4.13/hour under the terms of the present agreement.  Vacation
leave time has been increased and varies according to tenure.
Hospitalization and death benefits up to $10,000 are also pro-
vided.  A retirement system, with a pension, permits employees to
retire either  at age 65 or after 35 years of service.  This
agreement was  negotiated by the City of Columbus' Labor Relations
Administrator, Finance Director, and Utilities Director, and the
Director  of  the Executive Board of Local No. 1632.
                              -23-

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              SOLID WASTE SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

     The solid waste system in Columbus is currently in a period
of transition.  The problem of inadequate disposal facilities
with its consequent burden on the collection system has resulted
in the decision to implement more advanced concepts of solid
waste management.  These consist of a system of transfer sta-
tions which will have refuse pulverizers incorporated in them.
In addition to reducing haul distances for the collection fleet,
the pulverized waste output from these stations should occupy
less space in a landfill and may eliminate many of the common
operating difficulties associated with sanitary landfilling.
Details of the present system are first presented below, fol-
lowed by a description of the planned system.
     The collection and disposal of solid waste for the City of
Columbus is administered by the Division of Sanitation of the
Department of Public Services.  The division's responsibilities
also include:
     •   Inspection of all licensed, privately operated
         solid waste disposal sites within the corporate
         limits of the city.

     •   Inspection of all private refuse hauler vehicles
         to ensure compliance with city specifications
         before  issuance or renewal of a city  license.
                             -24-

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     •   Employee safety and training programs, and
         operation of clean-up campaigns in coopera-
         tion with various neighborhood organizations.
     •   Improvement of policies and procedures through
         constant evaluation and research.
     •   Public relations and litter control program
         (Program Against Litter or P.A.L.).
     •   Issuance of permits to use facilities at city
         landfills.
Street cleaning activities are the responsibility of the Divi-
sion of Engineering and Construction of the Department of Public
Service.
     The collection and disposal function characteristics are
first discussed in detail in this chapter, followed by a descrip-
tion of the personnel and equipment involved in these services.
Efficiency and productivity calculations of the system are then
presented.  Finally, the aspects of the planned transfer station/
pulverizer system are discussed.
5.1:  Authorization and Regulation
     Solid waste operations in the City of Columbus are per-
formed by the Department of Public Services' Division of Sanita-
tion under the authorization of  "Title Thirteen - Garbage and
Rubbish Code" of the Columbus City Codes.  Article One of Title
Thirteen  specifies  storage and collection regulations, and
Article Three of Title Thirteen  deals with disposal regulations.
     Specifically,  Article One defines:
     •    The terms:  garbage, refuse, and rubbish;
     •    The containerization of solid wastes: the
          requirement for receptacles; the type of
          receptacles required; the location of re-
          ceptacles;  the unlawfulness of depositing
          the refuse elsewhere than in these re-
          ceptacles;
                              -25-

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    •   The responsibility of the city to collect and
        dispose of refuse and dead animals within the
        city limits;

    •   The requirement for businesses and other com-
        mercial sources to remove or cause to be re-
        moved waste accumulations from their premises;
        the charges made by the city to perform this
        service;

    •   The need to remove unsalable or condemned
        products;

    •   The manner of  "bundling" uncontainerizable
        wastes;

    •   The unlawfulness of alternative storage
        practices;

    •   The handling of apartment house waste storage
        containers;

    •   The penalties  imposed by violation of the city
        codes;

    •   The license requirements for buying, collect-
        ing, or transporting solid wastes  in Columbus;

    •   The application procedure, fee, and term of
        duration for  such  licenses;

    •   The container  and  vehicle  requirements  for
        such  licenses  (including  identification tapes,
        prohibition of pushcarts,  and  regulation of
        dumping);

    •   Penalties for  private  haulers  in  violation  of
        the city codes.

    Article Three of  Title Thirteen  prescribes  the  proper oper-

ation  incinerators,  landfills,  and  dumps.   Currently,  the city
does not operate either incinerators  or dumps.   For  city-

controlled landfills,  Article Three specifies:

     •   The fees charged to users of city-controlled
         landfills;
                              -26-

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     •   Those users exempted from these fees;
     •   The powers of the Director of Public Service
         to prohibit or regulate use of these sites;
     •   Permits,  fees, and terms of permit required
         of users of these sites;
     •   The penalties for noncompliance with the re-
         quirements of the code.
     Subsequent city ordinances have made minor adjustments to
the basic code.  The relevant portions of the Columbus Codes and
amendments are presented in full in Appendix A.
     The solid waste system in Columbus also operates under the
constraints imposed by the State of Ohio, specifically through
the Ohio Solid Waste Disposal Law and Regulations.
     The Ohio Solid Waste Disposal law specifies that the Public
Health Council of the state will regulate solid waste disposal
sites and facilities; inspect and issue licenses for the opera-
tion of these facilities; and ensure that these facilities are
located, maintained, and operated in a sanitary manner so as
not to create a nuisance, water pollution, or other health
hazard.  The Public Health Council is also authorized to ban
open dumping and burning, conduct annual surveys of solid waste
disposal in the state, and suspend or deny licenses for viola-
tions of proper operational procedures.
      In addition, Chapter 343 of the Ohio Revised Code on
County Garbage and Refuse Disposal Districts  gives county com-
missioners  in Ohio the right to  establish refuse disposal dis-
tricts within their boundaries.  Jurisdiction over these dis-
tricts can  include the territory of Municipal Corporations.
Rates and charges for  the use of refuse disposal district
facilities  can be fixed  by any  Board of County Commissioners.
These boards  also have the right to pass  improvement resolutions
and prescribe  financing  mechanisms when required.
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     The Ohio State EPA is currently suggesting model regulations
and ordinances for the closing of open dumps, for the storage and
collection of solid waste, and for the construction and operation
of transfer stations.
     The Ohio Solid Waste Disposal Law and Regulations, the Ohio
Revised Code, Chapter 343, and the proposed model regulations are
presented in detail in Appendix B.
5.2:  Collection Function
     The City of Columbus offers the following solid waste col-
lection services:
     1.  Collection from all residential dwellings on a
         once-a-week basis.
     2.  Collection from contracted commercial establish-
         ments and public institutions.
     3.  Removal of dead animals from streets, alleys,
         laboratories, veterinarians, and private
         property.
     4.  Collection of wastes  from  litter receptacles
         that are placed on a  public right-of-way within
         the city.
     5.  Emergency collections as requested.
     The Division of  Sanitation  has a total  of 146 motorized
vehicles,  including  103 packer trucks.   The  division currently
operates the 86  daily packer  routes that service approximately
190,000 household units.  Each packer truck  hauls  ar average of
two  and one-half loads per day to the city  landfills  and the
collection rate  for all city crews is approximately 900 tons
per  day.
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5.2.1:  Residential Collection
     For the purposes of conventional residential collection,
the city is divided into 10 areas under the direction of two
supervisors who each manage five areas.  A foreman is assigned
to each area and patrols his territory in a radio-equipped car.
He is responsible for seven to 10 trucks, two of which are
normally provided with radios.  This permits the foreman to make
minor alterations in routing and ensures that all residential
units ai*e serviced.  Each truck is assigned to a four-man crew,
but the high level of absenteeism among collection workers
usually results in a three-man crew.  Under this condition, a
crew consists of one driver, who is in charge of the truck crew,
and two collectors.  Each truck and crew services between 275
to 415 houses per day depending on whether it makes two or three
daily trips to the landfill.  Each full load of the truck
(making an average of two and one-half loads per day to the  land-
fill) therefore consists of waste from approximately 138 houses.
     Residential solid waste is stored in 30-gallon containers
(usually metal) which are placed at the curbside.  This must be
done  at least one-half hour before the scheduled time of collec-
tion.   In cases where alleys accessible to Sanitation Division
vehicles abut residential property, containers must be placed
on the  alley line  in such a manner as  not to obstruct traffic
in the  alley.  There is no  limit to the number of containers
that  may be placed outside  a residence for collection.  How-
ever, safety regulations require that  no container may be
heavier than the ability of two collectors to pick it up.
      The Sanitation  Division has distributed a set of refuse
collection  rules to  the residents of Columbus.   These rules  in-
clude stipulations that:
                               -29-

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    •    Containers must be placed at the curbside or on
         the alley line in a manner not to obstruct traffic
         or hamper the use of any through-way at least one-
         half hour before the scheduled time of collection.
         Containers placed behind any enclosure (fence,
         gate, or wall) will not be emptied.  All empty
         containers must be removed from the curb or alley
         line before  the end of the day following the
         collection.

    •    Containers must be watertight, with handles and
         tight-fitting lids; be not more than 30 gallons
         capacity; and be constructed of steel or approved
        • plastics.  Cardboard boxes are not considered
         acceptable containers; boxes larger than three
         feet by  two  feet must be broken down so that they
         can be loaded into collection trucks.

    •    Waste or rubble resulting  from building, remodel-
         ing, repairs, or construction will not be  collected
         by the city  and must be disposed by the owner.
         Stumps,  logs, heavy limbs, and loose brush will
         not be collected by the city.

    •    Tree  limbs and shrubbery must be cut not to exceed
         four  feet in length,  and be  tied securely  into
         bundles  not  more than  two  feet in  diameter.

    •    Old  furniture must be  broken down  and  tied into
         bundles  not  to exceed  two  feet in  diameter and
         four  feet in length.

    •    Dead  animals will  be  picked  up immediately and  a
          special  service  is provided  for  this purpose.

     It is  estimated that  to  fully  load  a  truck  takes approxi-
mately  one  and one-half to  two  and  one-half  hours.   The freeway

system permits the trucks  to average 45  mph  on  their way  to the
landfill.  Because of  the  existence of only  one  disposal  site

for the entire city,  the turn-around time  for a  truck averages

one hour from  being fully  loaded to  returning  empty  to  its collec-
tion area.   The crews work an official 6:30  A.M.  to 2.30 P.M.

shift,  usually with no break in order to complete their work

earlier than the scheduled eight hoars.   This practice exists in

spite of the fact that the local union has fought for and won

two 15-minute coffee breaks.


                               -30-

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     The driver of each vehicle is required to keep a Daily Log.
Consequently, a time and motion study could be available to the
city for the operation of each truck.  However, these Daily Logs
have not been used for purposes other than to ensure that each
crew has completed its assigned task within a reasonable amount
of time.  All of the driver's Daily Logs are compiled into a
Daily Report by each area foreman for the seven to ten trucks
under his jurisdiction.  Finally, a Daily Progress Report is pre-
pared for the attention of the Superintendent and Assistant Super-
intendent of the Sanitation Division.  This document compiles the
status of the solid waste collection system for each of the 11
area foremen (10 "residential" plus 1 "box" collection).
5.2.2:  Other Collection Operations
     The city also operates "box collection routes."  These are
routes for the collection of waste from containers of three to
six cubic-yard capacity and principally service apartment houses.
The equipment utilized for this purpose are specially equipped
packer trucks:  rear loaders with cable hoist attachments.  The
city has nine such trucks under the supervision of one foreman.
For the purposes of box collection, the city is divided up into
five areas and service is rendered from one to five times a week.
Each truck collects from an average of 40 boxes per day.
     Apartment house dwellings which have hoist-type refuse con-
tainers receive one collection per week without charge.  There
are also 53  commercial customers on the box routes.  These re-
turn a revenue of $14,180.12 to the City Treasury.  Commercial
customers are charged  at the rate of $1.00/cubic yard for refuse
removal and  can request additional collections at this rate.
Apartment dwellings and commercial customers may rent containers
from  the city at  the rates indicated in Table 4,
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                          TABLE  4
          RENTAL CHARGES FOR CUBIC YARD CONTAINERS
Type of Box
Daybrook-Roto-Pac
it
it
M
Dempster-Dumpster
M
ti
M
Cubic Yard Size
3
4
5
6
3
6
10
12
Rate Per Month
5.75
6.50
8.00
9.66
6.70
9.55
16.03
13.96
     The Sanitation Division provides bulky item collection from
each residence four times per year.   The equipment used for this
purpose consists of five open bed dump trucks and one old 16
cubic yard packer truck.  Three men are employed per truck on a
6:30 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. shift to collect such wastes as old re-
frigerators, stoves, other  "white goods," chairs, etc.  The
Sanitation Division issues a notice to residents prior to the
week that bulk collection is to be performed in their area.
Figure  3 is a sample of this notice.
      Some problems have been encountered with the bulk pickup
service in the past year.  First, the notice to an area did not
designate when the bulk pickup would be performed on any given
day.  In many cases, the public did not set the material out
until late in the week, thus causing an overload.  Since the
routing was not planned, this condition required that the same
area would have to be  serviced more than once.  To rectify this
situation, it has been proposed that bulk pickup be modified
to  include the following factors:
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         In  all  areas, one open-bed  truck  and crew be
         assigned  to  30  packer  trucks.  Each open bed
         truck would  cover the  area  collected by two
         mixed refuse trucks  each  day.

         One open  bed truck and crew be assigned to
         alley areas  continuously  throughout the year.
         A vacuum  truck  would also be  assigned  to this
         crew.

         Residents to be requested to  separate  the bulk
         materials from  the regular  collection.  The
         two collections to be  made  on the same day for
         appearance and  scheduling reasons.

         The foreman  in  each  area  schedule the  bulk
         pickup  and each morning distribute leaflets to
         the appropriate crews. These crews would at-
         tach the  leaflets to the  cans notifying
         property  owners as to  when  a  bulk pickup would
         be  made.
                          NOTICE
     Bulk pickups will be made in your area on your regular
collection day next week 	.   All
material that cannot be collected with the regular  collection
should be set apart from the regular refuse.

     Anything that can be lifted by two men will be removed,
however, where possible anything to be removed should be in
containers or bundled.  Any articles which you do not wish
to have removed should be placed a reasonable distance from
either the curb line or the alley, in order to distinguish
from that which is to be removed.

     It is our hope that we will be able to provide this
service at least 4 times per year.  Thank you for your assist-
ance in helping to keep our City clean.
FIGURE  3:  BULK PICKUP NOTICE
                              -33-

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      This system would permit flexibility of the bulk pickup
system, especially if large volumes accumulated in any one area.
As practiced now, notices in the local newspaper would be elimi-
nated.
      The distribution of collection equipment and personnel in
Columbus is shown in Table 5.  A total staff of 483 men is em-
ployed by the Division of Sanitation (the street cleaning func-
tion is managed by a separate division).  Of these, 453 men are
                                                       v
assigned to the collection activity.  It is somewhat difficult
to designate exactly how many men are assigned to a particular
collection function as Columbus employs a large number of surplus
collectors and drivers because of the high absenteeism rate. As
a result, in the manpower/equipment allocation chart, the number
of men assigned to the bulky  item collection and multiple family
residential collection is the number actually needed to perform
these  functions.  Surplus employees have been assigned to the
detached single  family residential column.  The number of
maintenance staff is  low because most of  the routine servicing
and  all  the major repair work is performed by the Municipal
Garage.
       Collection equipment  has  been allocated in much  the same
fashion  as  personnel.   The  actual  number  of  vehicles  required
for  multiple  family  residential and bulky collection  have been
assigned to the  single family detached  residential  column,
although these vehicles could substitute  in  other  collection
 functions in  case of equipment  failure.   For this  reason, hoist-
 ing  cables  will  now be specified for  all  new packers.
 5.3:  Productivity/Efficiency of the  System
       The Columbus,  Ohio solid waste  management system has  been
 profiled in terms of various quantity,  time,  and cost ratio par-
 ameters as presented in Table 6.  The efficiency and productivity
                               -34-

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TABLE 5:  MANPOWER/EQUIPMENT ALLOCATION FOR COLUMBUS
'*l-»^i-_^ Function
Personnel ^"~~"*-. ^^
Management — .
Clerical -1
Supervisor /Foreman-
Drivers 6/
Laborer /Collector —
Maintenance —
Equipment Operator
TOTALS
Equipment""- 	 . 	
Packer Trucks —
Trailer Tractor
Front-end Loader
Dump Truck
Sedans
Bulldozer
Compactor
Drag-Line
Water Truck
Scraper
TOTALS
Mixed Refuse
Detached [Multiple Family
Single Family I Residential
Residential |& Commercial


13
94
259
7

373

91



13





104


I
12
21
1
l2'
35

10
lH/
Z±i'

1





14
-
Bulky


-- -1
6
18
As needed

24

1


5






6
Street
Cleaning


3i'
As needed!'
As needed—

2
5












Disposal
X

2
3
2
6
17
30



1
5
2
4
1
1
1
1
16
Administrative
3
17





20





5





5
Totals
3
17
19
115
300
14
20
486

102
1
3
10
21
4
1
1
1
1
145
                           -35-

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                    TABLE 5 (Continued)

         MANPOWER/EQUIPMENT ALLOCATION FOR COLUMBUS

iy    Management consists of one superintendent,  one assistant
      superintendent,  and one business manager.

2/    Clerical staff consists of two Clerk Ill's, five typist
      Clerk II's, one Clerk II, one Typist Clerk I, one Sanitation
      Safety Inspector, one Sick Leave Investigator, one Store-
      keeper I,  one Custodial Worker, and four Radio Dispatchers.
J3/    Supervisory staff consists of one Refuse Collection Super-
      visor, two Refuse Collection Assistant Supervisors, ten
      foremen assigned to detached single family residential
      collection, one foreman assigned to multiple-family resi-
      dential and commercial collection, and one foreman and one
      supervisor assigned to the disposal site.

4y    Dump trucks used for bulk collection are the responsibility
      of the foreman in the area in which they operate.
J>/    Street cleaning supervisory staff consists of one super-
      visor, one day foreman, and one night foreman.

(>/    The actual number of drivers and collectors available on
      any one day is highly variable.  There are 112 collection
      truck drivers in all, although only 86 are needed at a time
      because there are only 86 routes.  The excess number of
      drivers maintained by Columbus is due to the high absentee-
      ism rate.  On this chart, six of the drivers have been allo-
      ted to the bulky goods collection, and twelve (two for
      Dempster-Dumpster operation; ten for operation of rear-
      loaders with cable hoists) to the multiple family residen-
      tial-commercial  collection functions because there are
      many  trucks for  those functions.  The surplus drivers have
      all been  allotted to the detached single family residential
      collection function.  Drivers on these trucks are  inter-
      changeable, and  occasionally when sufficient drivers do
      not show  up on a particular day, a collection worker may
      be temporarily used in that position.  The same  situation
      as described  above  for collection drivers  is  true  for
      collection workers.  Tae  same  procedure  as above nas been
      used  for  allocation of these personnel.

 ?y    Street  cleaning  is  a  function  of  the Division of Engineering
      and Construction and  is  a part of the total  street main-
      tenance effort.  Hence,  the personnel assigned  to  this
      function  is variable  according to need.
                               -36-

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                      TABLE 5 (Continued)
           MANPOWER/EQUIPMENT ALLOCATION FOR COLUMBUS

 8     Maintenance staff consists of one plant maintenance
       mechanic,  five automotive mechanics (.assigned to the
       landfill),  seven automotive servicemen I,  and one building
       maintenance man (assigned to the landfill).

 JJ/    Operates tractor-trailer used in conjunction with two
       Dempster-Dumpsters.

10/    These are mostly 20  cubic yard rear-loading compacting
       trucks; four 16 cubic yard trucks are being phaaed out.

11/    This is used on the  "box" collection route in conjunction
       with the two Dempster-Dumpsters.

12/    These are Dempster-Dumpsters  utilized for servicing 10
       or 12 cubic yard containers.
                                -37-

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                  TABLE  6
PRODUCTIVITY/EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS OF COLUMBUS
•~— : — .
4-8
•g •;!
PI
O a
O D


si
£ «
«
Collection System
Description
(inc. Level of Servic
to
Collection
Cost /Effi-
ciency Figs.
Disposal
2 »
o o
HO
Misc.
Cost
Ratios
	 — -___ Collection Function
Parameter ~~ • — — — ^ 	
Population Served _
No. of Rcsid. or Comm. Units 2/
Str.-c-t .Miles
AlUy Mvlcs
Area (6q. ini. )
Pop. dcniity (pco/sq. mi.)
Annual Amounts Collected (tons) —
Lbs. /unit/wk
Lbs. /person/day
Point of Collection -1
Freq. of Collection
Type of Storage Container *}
Avg. Dist. to Disp. Site 5/
Avg. Miles Dnven/truck/day
A\g. Hours worked/day
Direct men b/
Crf"«
Crew Sixt;
Trucks 7_/
Avg. wages and fringe for laborers^/
Avg. \vages %nd fringe for drivers^/
Stops /Crew/ Day
Tons /Cr c\v / Day-
Coll. Cost/resid. unil/yr.
Coll. Cost/DC-rson/yr.
Coll. Cost/ ton/yr.
Total Coll. Cost/yr. 'j/
Type tt. No. of Disp. Sites
Total Disp. Cost/yr. JL£/
Total Cost/yr.
Coll. Expense as % of tot, Exp.
Coll. labor expense as % of tot. Coll.
Col), equip, e.vpc'iisu a< % of lot. Coll.
Pi ><:. fi l)i -.p. expense- as % of tot. cxp
Proc. Si Disp. labor expense as % of
tot. disp.
Mixed Refuse
ictacned Single
"amily Residential
Multiple Family
Residential b Commercial
572, 543
152. 937
40.490
Bulky

193. 427
NA
Street
Cleaning

.. _
2^053
NA
155.8
3.674.86
W.JW
J1-*
2.*
Curb.W*/
alley line
1 /week
Cans up to 3D gal;
lundles up to 50 Ib.
a»,w*
'•*
(per DUX)
--
On premises
1 /week
Cubic yard
container
12,480
2.48
0.36
Curbs ide/
alley line
4/year
None needed
16
NA
b
375
86
3 to 4
104
NA
b
3b
12
3
14
NA
8
Z4
6
3
6
NA
NA
NA
Streets,
sidevva ! i* *5
-.
..
..
NA
8
Variable
Variable
1
Variable
4. 97/hr.
5.40/hr.
10/
356 — •
11 R
27.99
9.46
16.27
4.280,219.40
40 —
11.7
10.27

11.42
415,980.35
NA
..... g
1.41
0.48
21.93
273,670. 85

--
4.34
1 . 47 	

839,666
Landfill - one
339,352.32
6,148,890
94% (81% collection: 13% street clpaninp)
89%
11%
6%
NA
                                                         i
                                                         j


                                                       	J
                  -38-

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                    TABLE 6  (Continued)
     PRODUCTIVITY/EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS OF COLUMBUS


^L/    Population estimate has been made using a 1970 census
      population of 539,677 taken from "General Population
      Characteristics", U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau
      of the Census, and assuming an average growth of 3%
      per year to the end of 1972.

2/    Number of residential units has been estimated from
      "Detailed Housing Characteristics", U.S. Department of
      Commerce, Bureau of the Census, based on 182,357 housing
      units in 1970 with an average of 2.96 persons per house-
      hold.  This figure has been updated to match growth of
      population and annexation by the city of surrounding areas.

^/    Based on city estimates that average daily intake, 5 days
      a week, is  900  tons/day, or  246,400 tons/year.  Scales
      are currently being installed and will provide a more
      accurate estimate of the actual weights collected by the
      city.
            Allocation of tonnages to different collection
      functions is based on city estimates using the following
      logic:
      Bulky:
      Multiple  family
      residential  and
      commercial:
6 trucks/day, each collecting 2 loads/
day, each load approximately 4 tons.
Thus total bulk collection =6x2x4=
48 tons/day.  This collection is offered
5 days/week, 52 weeks/year.  Thus
annual bulk tonnage = 5 x 52 x 48 =
12480 tons.

10 rear-loaders, each collecting 2
loads/day,  all  loads averaging
3.5 tons.  Thus total collection  =
100 tons/day.  This collection is
offered 5 days/week, 52 weeks/year.
Thus annual "box" collection =  i«.200
tons/year.

In addition, 2 Dempster Dumpsters col-
lect 40 tons/day together.  Annual
Dempster-Dumpster collection =
40 x 5 x 52 =  10,400 tons.

Thus total box collection =
18,200 + 10,400 =28,600  tons.
                               -39-

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                           TABLE 6   (Continued)

          PRODUCTIVITY/EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS  OF  COLUMBUS
       Detached  single      24.380 '  - 28,600 **  12,480  -   ?os
       family  resi-         tons/year,
       dential:

 £/     By  city ordinance,

 J>/     City estimate.

 <3/     Men allocated according  to Manpower/Equipment  Allocation
       Table.  Surplus  employees have been allocated  to the
       mixed refuse  detached  single family residential  column,
       although  any  deficit in  personnel in the other columns
       would be  made up by these surplus employees,

 ?y     Surplus trucks allocated to  detached single family resi-
       dential column.
 8/     Base salary $4.11/hr.  +  21%  fringe.

 9/     Base salary $4.47/hr.  +  21%  fringe.

10/     Although  this figure is  based on calculations  derived from
       figures in this table, it is very close to the city estimate
       of  an average of 345 houses/day/truck,  or 24 loads/truck/
       day.

11/     City estimate.  This figure  indicates that each "box"
       container  collected by  the  city serves
        5 x 12 x 40

12/    Collection costs based on 1973 Sanitation Division budget
       estimate of $5,309,224, proportioned according to the
       number of men assigned to each function (including administra-
       tive personnel not included in this table).

1J3/    Proportioned according to number of men assigned to this
       task from Sanitation Division budget estimate for 1973.
                               -40-

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data tabulated in this chart  are  based  upon a number of




assumptions and estimates described  in  the  attached footnotes




The reader should note that exact  data  was  unavailable for




primary inputs such as quantities  of  waste  generated,




     Once-a-week curbside collection  is provided and helps




to deep collection costs at a reasonable level in a high




wage area.  The city  is  experimenting with  paper and plastic




bags to replace the cans now  being used.   This may further




reduce collection costs.  There will  be further collection




cost reductions when  the three transfer/pulverizer stations




are constructed in the city as it  is  almost certain that




routes will be lengthened and crew allocation will be cut




back.
                                41

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5.4:   Disposal Function
      The City of Columbus currently operates one landfill site
located on Frank Road on the city's southwest side.  Another
city-operated landfill, at the far east side of Columbus on
Morrison Road, was shut down in early 1972 and now all city-owned
refuse packer trucks, along with some private haulers, deposit
solid waste at the Frank Road landfill.  Private haulers are
charged a fee of $3.00 per ton, or $0.15 per 100 Ibs.  However,
all waste received at the city-operated sanitary landfill is re-
stricted to waste that is collected within the city limits of
Columbus.  Several private landfills are also located in and
around Columbus.  The location of the city and private landfills
is shown in Figure 4.
      The sanitary landfill operated by Columbus must conform to
the codes and ordinanaces set forth by the City of Columbus and
the Ohio State Solid Waste Disposal Laws and Regulations, which
are presented in Appendixes A and B of this report.   In addition,
Franklin County has  established Incinerator Districts within its
boundaries and has published rules and regulations for the dis-
posal of solid wastes  in  Incinerator District No.  1.  This district
comprises all of the lots and land in Franklin County outside
of any  incorporated  municipality.  The Franklin County Solid
Waste Disposal Rules and  Regulations for District  No. 1 are pre-
sented  in Appendix C.  These regulations define:
      •  Categories of solid waste  (non-combustible,
          combustible,  industrial, chemical,  demoli-
          tion,  etc. )
      •  Disposal methods  (landfill and  incineration)
      •  The role of  private,  municipal,  and individual
           haulers
      •   The role of  the Board of County  Commissioners,
           the Sanitary Engineer of the county,  and the
           Public Health Department of  Franklin County
                              -42-

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                                            •€»
                                        WESTIRVILL£_ j
                                                           Private
                                                           Landfill
           Private
           Landfill
                                   x propos
                                    Transfer
                                    Station
                                     Private
                                     Landfill
      w^wr
  Proposed
  Transfer
  Station
          n--
a"g"'   I URBANCRESfj
                                                COLUMBUS  AREA
                                                  OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
           LANDFILL LOCATIONS IN COLUMBUS _
                          V   I             "
FIGURE 4:

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      •   Provisions governing vehicles used for
          collecting and transporting solid waste
      •   Provision for creation of an Advisory Board
      •   Agreements, rates, and charges for disposal of
          solid waste
      •   Penalties for violation of the county code
The Sanitary Engineering Department of Franklin County presently
operates a sanitary landfill which serves the entire unincorporated
area of"the county.
5.4.1:  City Landfill
      The Frank Road landfill operated by the city is located on
Columbus' southwest side at the site of a city workhouse farm.
The site covers 97 acres and was originally flat land.  The top
soil is a clay loam and extends to a depth of five feet, after
which gravel is encountered.  The water table is 30 to 40 feet
below ground level.  As a result, the site has been excavated for
fill purposes to depths as  great as 40 feet in many areas.  The
total life expectancy of the site is six years, of which three
years have already expired.
      The site is surrounded by a fence on three sides, and
bounded on the fourth (the  south side) by an earthen levee.  The
levee was originally 25 feet high but now, because of excavation
on its  northern face, is about 45 feet high.  On the southern
side of the levee is a drainage ditch and then a road.  The western
side of the site is  also bounded by a drainage ditch and a road
(Route  104) and the  entrance to the  landfill is  from this highway,
Frank Road, after which the landfill  is named, runs  along the
northern  border of  the  site.  Located between Frank  Road and  the
actual  landfill site are a  .sewage  treatment plant  and  a rendering
plant.  Sewage  sludge from the sewage treatment plant is
filtered  and then  incinerated.           On the  eastern side  of
the  site  is a  river.
                               -44-

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      An access road has been built to the site using compacted
demolition debris which has been covered with gravel.  This pro-
vides a stable path for refuse trucks and, as a result, the only
area in which trucks get stuck is in the immediate vicinity of
the dumping area.  Bulldozers with cables are used to pull trucks
out when they become stuck.
      The method of operation at the Frank Road site starts with
the excavation of a trench.  If water is found, a layer of soil
is pushed over the area and filling is started on this base. The
excavation depth varies, but can be as much as 40 feet.  The ex-
cavation creates a ramp which is worked from back to front.  An
area 200 feet wide by 1,000 feet long is excavated at a time.
The filling operation is performed on a face 100 feet wide by
20 to 25 feet in length, and usually 15 to 20 feet of refuse are
compacted in one layer.  At the end of the day's operation, two
to four inches of cover is placed on the working faces and six
inches cover material on top.  All cover material used is ex-
cavated on the site and stockpiled for use as need arises.
      Up to ten  trucks can dump simultaneously on the open face
of the fill at any one time.  Bulldozers push the material up the
ramp and compact it.  The  turn-around time for a truck at the
fill is estimated at 10 minutes in good weather and  20 minutes
otherwise.  The  heaviest truck traffic at the fill occurs be-
tween 9:00 A.M.  and 10:15  A.M. in the morning and 12:30 P.M. and
1:30 P.M. in the afternoon.  All 96 city trucks use  this fill
and each make about two trips to it daily.   In addition, seven
trucks on the late shift also enter the fill.  Commercial refuse
haulers' truck arrivals appear to peak at 3:30 P.M.  in the after-
noon.  Twenty-five commercial trucks use the fill, each entering
about twice a day.  Of these, 20 trucks are  20 cubic yard packers,
and five trucks  are one or one and one-half  ton pickups.
                              -45-

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      No major problems have been experienced on the fill site.
Minor fires have started, but have been controlled easily.  The
settling on the site has been gradual.  The only problem of
major concern to the site managers has been the high equipment
breakdown rate.  This situation is attributed to the fact no
piece of equipment at the site is any newer than six years old,
many pieces date back to 1963, and some pieces still in use date
back to the 1950's.  The Sanitation Division estimates that each
piece of disposal equipment that they use breaks down^every day.
A listing of this equipment is presented in Table 7.
      Twenty men are employed at the  site which is kept open
from 9:00 A.M. to 9:30 P.M. on a five day/week basis.  However,
the site is not open to  commercial traffic after 4:30 P.M. Three
shifts are worked:  from 7:00 A.M. to 3:30 P.M.; from 9:00 A.M.
to 5:30 P.M.;  and from 1:00 P.M. to 9:30 P.M.  Two of the men
are currently  on injury  leave.  Table 8  is a listing of the
personnel assigned to the Frank Road  landfill.
     Seven structures have been erected at the disposal site,  in-
cluding a scale-house, office, mechanics garage, equipment
shelter, carpenter's shop, and two outdoor toilets.  The scale-
house is equipped to permit computerized billing of users of the
site.  The office is a one-room structure, and is equipped with
a washroom.  The outdoor toilets are  temporary structures which
are moved as the filling of the site  progresses.
     The city  landfill is operated under a license  issued by
the District Board of Health  for the  State of Ohio.  A  sample
application  form for this license  is  presented in Figure  5.
The Health District  is responsible for  inspection of the  sanitary
landfills, and has a standard form for  this purpose  as  illustrated
in Figure  6.    This  checklist is used to ensure that the  sanitary
                              -46-

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                             TABLE  7
                 EQUIPMENT AT FRANK ROAD LANDFILL
            Equipment
                                   Number
Bulldozers


Compactor:
Allis Chalmers  221
Caterpillar     D-9
Caterpillar     D-6
Heister (with sheeps
foot drums)
Drag line
Front-end loader
Dump trucks
Water truck
Rubber-tired pan scraper
1
2
1
                                      1
                                      1
                                      5
                                      1
                                      1
                                 -47-

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                         TABLE £
             PERSONNEL AT FRANK ROAD LANDFILL
Personnel
Drag-line operator
Bulldozer operator



Equipment operator I
(Operate front-end
loader and tandern
axle dump truck)
Mechanics
Weigh-master
Landfill foreman
Laborers
(assist weighmaster
and direct traffic)
Maintenance
(General work -
builds sheds,
replaces light
bulbs, several
building repairs)
Landfill operation
supervisor
Truck driver
Number
2
5



3



3
1
1
2


1

1
1
Shifts
Number
assigned
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1

3
1
1
1
1

1

1
1
Hours
7:30 AM-3:30 PM
3:30 PM-5:30 PM-/
7:00 AM-3:30 PM
9:00 AM-5:30 PM
1:00 PM-9:30 PM
Injury Leave
9:00 AM-5:30 PM
9:00 AM-5:30 PM
Injury Leave

7:00 AM-3:30 PM
7:00 AM-3:30 PM
9:00 AM-5:30 PM
7:00 AM-3.-30 PM
1:00 PM-9:00 PM

7:00 AM-3:30 PM

7:00 AM-3.-30 PM
7:00 AM-3:30 PM
-   Drives a truck 9:00 A.M.  - 3:30 P.M.
                             -48-

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                                      STATE OF  OHIO
                                                DISTRICT BOARD OF  HEALTH
Application for License to Operate Solid Waste Disposal Site (  )  Facility  (  )
                                                              (check one)
Name of Applicant

Address	
Name of Site or Facility 	
Location of Site or Facility 	

Type of Disposal	
                                       (Incinerator,  u»n
-------
                                    SANITARY LANDFILL  INSPECTION  FORM
                                                  HeSLW DISTRICT
f*un« nf l.nnrtflll
flame nf nppratnr
HPthnri nf Qiiprat.mn - Tn.nrh 	
EsUmatprf Daily Rprpipts - J/iarfs „
Area nf l.anrtfill - T"fal ATP*
General Characteristics of Site - Quarry .
Gravpl Pit
I.PVP! Arpa
Hours nf Ol'Tntinns
Oengraphu- Area Kprvsd
t.icpnsp fjumhpr


t/»«-atinn

*rpa rirhpr
Ton* , . _. C\ibic Yar^i
ATP* piiipfi Estimatrd Rrmnipine lifp yrs
Rnrrnw pit
Strip mln,. Cr"Hv Hill»lH"
Marsh or Flood plain rtthpr
Ai M T° i, ..... 	 ._. -. P, M Days operated per **ek
P»>p«l^tjnn Rprvert
Salvaging pprmittprt - Yf« 	 N"


 I. SITE - HE-Z4-04
    Ground Water Protection
    Surface Runoff
    Leachate Runoff
    Solid Waste in Water Course
    Dust Control
    Odor Control
    Smoke Control

 II. DUMPING & BLRMSC - HE-24-06

    Open Dumping
    Open Burning

in. Ai'Htoms

    Site -  HE-24-07
    Plan -  HE-24-08

COW1ENTS  \.ND r.ECOT,!END\TIO\S
                 IV.  OP!RATION  -  HE-24-09
(a) Operated According  to Plan     	
(b) Access to Site Limited         	
(c) Dumping Area Restricted        	
(c) Blowing Paper 1 Debris         	
(d) Equipment Adequate             	
(d) Equipment Repair              	
(e) Properly Spread               	
(e) Properly Compacted             	
(f) Cover Material Adequate        	
(f) Covered Daily                 ^____
(f) Finished Cover Adequate        	
(g) Finished Grade Adequate        	
(h) Special Material Handling
          Sewage Solids          	I_
          Sewage Liquids         	
          Hazardous Substances    	
(i) Vector Control
     General Operation
     Supplemental Control
(j) Salvaging
(k) Animals Excluded
(1) Fire Protection
(•) Hot or Burning Loads
(n) Records
(o) Responsible Party
             Present
 ODH - 4825. 10
                      Date
                                                                                 Sanitarian
 FIGURE   6:    SANITARY  LANDFILL   INSPECTION  FORM
                                                          -50-

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landfill is being operated in an acceptable manner and meets state
standards.   The city has been laying a final cover of top soil on
completed portions of the fill and been landscaping this area
with grass.  Sewage drainage pipes, 20 to 25 feet into the fill,
have been laid to intercept leachate and transfer it to the drain-
age ditches on two sides of the site.
5.5:  Street Cleaning
     In Columbus, street cleaning is performed by the Division of
Engineering and Construction of the Department of Publi"c Service.
The street cleaning activity lies within the maintenance engineer-
ing portion of this division and is headed by a street cleaning
supervisor.  The street cleaning section is divided into leaf
cleaning and collection, and snow and ice control.  The personnel
assigned to these tasks include a day foreman, a night foreman,
an equipment operator I, an equipment operator II, truck drivers,
laborers,  summer workers, and seasonal snow watchmen.  The number
of curb miles serviced for leaf collection is estimated at 2,053,
at an annual cost of $20.42 per curb mile.  It has also been
estimated  that 24,000 cubic yards of leaves are removed annually.
A breakdown of street cleaning activities in 1972 is presented
in Table 9,  indicating the cost of personnel and equipment em-
ployed  for each  function, the volume of debris removed, the curb
miles and  feet cleaned, the costs per curb mile and per curb
foot, and  the average cost per cubic yard of collection and
cleaning.
     Columbus also  has a litter control program, handled by the
Program Against  Litter  (P.A.L.) Committee, in cooperation with
the Division of  Sanitation and numerous neighborhood councils.
This committee has  a two-fold purpose:
     1.  To coordinate the clean-up  drives with all
         interested groups and the city.
                               -51-

-------
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                        -52-

-------
      2.   To  instruct  the citizens  of  Columbus  in
          proper methods  of  preparation  and  storage
          of  their  solid  waste  for  collection,  and
          methods to keep the anti-litter  program on
          a continuing basis.   This effort has  in-
          volved educating the  public  by selecting
          supervisors  to  speak  before  neighborhood
          clubs, church groups,  and civic  clubs.

5.6:  Labor-Management Relations
     The Division  of  Sanitation currently  employs  483 personnel
in a full time capacity.   The breakdown of this staff is pre-
sented in Figure 7.   The division is headed by a  superintendent
who is closely assisted by an assistant superintendent and a
business manager.   The remaining administrative staff is clerical
and consists of typists,  general clerks, a sanitation safety
inspector, a sick leave investigator,  a storekeeper,  a custodial
worker, and radio dispatchers.   The collection system is
managed by a refuse collection supervisor with two assistants
and 11 foremen.  The disposal system is managed by two men, a
landfill operations supervisor  with one foreman.   The greatest
fraction of the Sanitation Division's staff  consists  of refuse
collectors and drivers.  In addition,  a maintenance staff
man is attached to the Sanitation Division,  although  all regular
servicing and major repair work on the collection  fleet is per-
formed by the Municipal Garage.  The Sanitation Division main-
tenance staff consists of a plant maintenance mechanic who is
responsible for maintenance of the division's main office build-
ing; automotive servicemen who are responsible for dispensing
gasoline and performing minor repairs on trucks;  a building
maintenance man who does odd jobs at the landfill;  and auto-
motive mechanics who repair and service the  heavy  equipment on
the landfill.
                               -53-

-------
       CLASSIFICATION                         NUMBER

Superintendent	    1
Sanitation Assistant Superintendent	    1
Business Manager	    1
Clerk III  	    2
Typist Clerk II	    5
Clerk II	    1
Typist Clerk I	    1
Sanitation Safety Inspector	    1
Sick Leave Investigator	    1
Refuse  Collection Supervisor	    1
Landfill Operations  Supervisor	    1
Storekeeper I	    1
Refuse  Collection Asst.  Supervisor	    2
Refuse  Foreman	   11
Radio Dispatcher	    4
Sanitation Truck Driver	  112
Refuse  Collector 	299
Plant Maintenance Mechanic	    1
Custodial Worker	    1
Automotive Mechanic	    5
Automotive Serviceman I	    7
Laborer 	    2
Truck Driver	    3
Landfill Foreman	     1
Power Shovel Operator	   2
Equipment Operator I  	    5
Equipment Operator II	     9
Building Maintenance Man	    1
Weighmaster 	    1

 TOTAL NUMBER FULL TIME POSITIONS	483
 FIGURE  7:  DIVISION OF SANITATION PERSONNEL
                             -54-

-------
     The wages,  fringe benefits, and other labor-management
factors affecting the Sanitation Division workers has been es-

tablished by a contract between the union (the American Federation

of State, County, and Municipal Employees) and the city adminis-

tration.  This is under an agreement signed between these two
parties on October 10, 1972 (Appendix D).

     Among the benefits acquired by the sanitation workers at this

time were:

     •   Collectors' wages immediately rose from $1.89/hour
         to $3.46/hour for new employees and $3.88/hour for
         old employees.  These wages are to rise rapidly to
         a base of $4.13/hour, after which there will be no
         wage increases until the union renegotiates its
         contract with the city in October 1974.  Drivers'
         wages rose to a base level of $4.47/hour.

     •   Fringe benefits of approximately 21% over base
         salary have been obtained.  These include fully
         paid hospitalization; death benefits up to $10,000;
         a retirement pension after age 65 or after 35
         years of service; vacation leave ranging from 12
         days/year for one to eight years' service to 22
         days/year for 20 or more years of service; sick
         leave with pay accrued according to tenure;
         work stoppage under hazardous weather conditions;
         etc.

     Among other advantages gained by the Union and its members

at  this  time  was a procedure for resolving grievances and a
union  dues check-off  process to be performed by the city.

     If  not  satisfied by an oral explanation, employee grievances
are handled  in four  steps.  First, a Grievance Form, Figure 8,

is  submitted by  the  employee to his supervisor, with copies to

the union representative and division head.   If the grievance
cannot be resolved  at  this stage, then  the grievance is submitted
to  the Division  Superintendent  for discussion and adjudication.
                              -55-

-------
 COLUMBUS CITY EUPLOGT'S UUIOt! LOCAL 1632 - 2971 EAST FIFTH AVE. COLUttBUS, OHIO 19

 AMERICAN ICTSft'iTION OF SI&T2, CO'JHTC, £ MUNICIPAL EMPLOYS  (AFL-CIO)
                                          :; FORM
                                    (SCP l)
      LOCAL liil-IE AM
 City Division _ ^ _          File Mo.
                                                    fy Division Log

 Qriployec's Kame:  _ _____ __   ^ --.„..-. _ --, - — .--, ____  ____ .. -    .

 Present forking Title:  _ ^  __ ^^^^.  .           Itept. ________
        Statc.acnt of Gricvcnce  clearly indicating the question raised and the
        alleged violation of A&reei.ient and Section involved:
  B.     Bcinedy or Correction Requested:
                                       SIGMTURES:

                           ^.__._ _ •_   Union Rep.
  Supervisor _ ________          ^ ____ ^ _    tote Received

  City Disposition (Attachment if ffccessary)          Date:
  Si(*nature of Supervisor: 	

         re of U.iion Itep.:
         Date Received by Union Roprcsentcitivc
                       *         *            •«
                to Supervisor

       Copies to Union Rep.  and Division Head
FIGURE 8:     EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCE FORM

                                    -56-

-------
Failing satisfaction at this stage, the grievance will be sub-
mitted to the Department Director and the Labor Relations Ad-
ministrator.  Formal hearings are conducted at this stage, in-
volving the aggrieved, Department Chief Steward, and the president
of the union.  Failing resolution at this stage, the union may
submit the matter for arbitration under the voluntary labor arbi-
tration rules of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Services.
     There is now considerable emphasis on safety of personnel,
and the city has initiated an extensive documentation program
in this area.  The Safety and Education Division requires an
accident or damage report to be filed.  A copy of this document
is illustrated in Figure  9.   In addition, the Sanitation Division
requires a sickness and injury investigation report, as shown  in
Figure 10.  The Department of Public Works must file a departmental
report of an injury to an employee, Figure 11, with the Department
of Industrial Relations within 24  hours of the injury.
     The major personnel problem experienced in Columbus has been
the high absenteeism  rate among the collectors and drivers.  This
normally averages 15  percent and can rise as high as 25 percent
under  adverse weather conditions.  This factor has made it necessary
to employ a  surplus number of collectors and drivers so that suf-
ficient  staff is available on any  given day to meet the needs  of
the solid waste management system.  A  four-man crew is scheduled
for each collection vehicle, although  each truck usually has a
complement  of only  three men.  To  partially remedy this situa-
tion,  a  sick leave  investigator has been appointed but, apart
from this,  no other action has been taken.
                               -57-

-------
                    .   SAFETY AND EDUCATION' DIVISION
                         ACCIDENT OR DAMAGE REPORT
                         - — Nature  of  Report ----
  Property _ -, Vehicle __ ,F«?rsrnsl _ ,D*te occurred
  Location _ Time _ P.M./ A.M.
  Who was at fault? _

  Claimant
  Address	City	State
  Phone                            Bus. Phone
   Person  Involved
   Name                                 Division
   Lie.  No.	Vehicle No.	Brass Tag Mo.
   Police  Report:      Yes   	    No    	
   (If '"yes"  fill  in  remarks)
   REMARKS:
   description of Accident:
   Remarks:
                                            Investigator
   Date	197	   Chief Investigator
FIGURE 9:    ACCIDENT REPORT
                                -58-

-------
DIVISION OF
SANITATION
                                         CITY OF
                                         COLUMBUS
                SICKNESS & INJURY INVESTIGATION REPORT
NAME OP EMPLOYEE

DATE REPORTED
                                   ADDRESS
                            TIME REPORTED
MATURE OP SICKNESS OR INJURY.	

REPORTED OFF BY          '     ADDRESS
                                      jCALI. RECEIVED
                               RELATIONSHIP
IS THIS FIRST VISIT TODAY?  YES	NO	(IF NOT) WHICH VISIT  IS  IT?_

UAS TIE EMPLOYEE FOUND AT HOME?  YES	NO	IP NOT FOUND AT HOME,

WHERE DID YOU CONTACT HIII?	IS EHPLOYEE UNDER DOCTOR'S

CARE  YES	NO	 DOCTOR'S NAME	ADDRESS	

IS EHPLOYEE HOSPITALISED?   YES

DATE ENTERED HOSPITAL
                         ,_ NAME OF HOSPITAL	

                   ROOM MUIiBZR     EXPECTED  RELEASE
              './AS EMPLOYEE SENT HOME PROM THE HEALTH CENTER7YES   NO
INVESTIGATION DISCLOSES
ACTION TAKEN BY INVESTIGATOR
REUAKKS
DATE
TIME
                                          INVESTIGATOR,

                                          CHECKED BY
FIGURE 10:   SICKNESS AND  INJURY  INVESTIGATION REPORT
                               -59-

-------
                                                      CITY Or CCXUMBUI

                                      MPAftTMCNTAl ftCPOftT OP INJURY  OP  EMttOYfl
   Tats form muM be cutnplrtrd. In duplicate (whit* imf yHluw). snd tiotli copied futwirdixt to th« Department of Iiulusirul R«>Uih>i,s within
   twenty four  hunf" M hiving ill  injuripfl and w 
-------
5.7:  Equipment Description
     The Municipal Garage is responsible for servicing, maintain-
ing, and housing Sanitation Division Equipment.  The Municipal
Garage is directed by a superintendent who is aided by an assist-
ant superintendent, an office manager, and a service manager.
The service manager has foremen in the auto shop, truck shop,
body shop, and service center reporting to him.  In addition, a
maintenance foreman reports directly to the superintendents.
     In addition to the Sanitation Division fleet, the Municipal
Garage is also responsible for 350 pieces of police equipment
(mostly sedans and ambulances), and 80 pieces of Health Depart-
ment equipment (mostly passenger cars).  The garage has a
separate  section for trucks; a separate area for passenger  cars,
cruisers, and police ambulances; two  lubrication racks; and two
gasoline  pumps.  In addition, 17 more gasoline pumps are located
throughout the city and drivers are issued credit cards for
refueling.  The garage has 40,000 square feet of available  park-
ing space.  It works on a two-shift,  7:00 A.M. to 11:00 P.M.,
basis, the first shift being devoted  to major repair work,  and
the second shift to preventive maintenance,
     A process of  decentralization of the Municipal Garage  is
now under way, partly because the existing structure lacks  many
facilities as  it dates back to the time when it was used as the
city stables.  The newer satellite garages, to be located at the
proposed  transfer  stations, are expected to provide more maneuver-
ability for vehicles and reduce the number of hostlers  (men who
line up and park vehicles) now required.  Apart  from the re-
structuring of the new garage buildings, these new stations will
alleviate the  problems currently endured in the  central garage.
There are no  lifts in the present site and it  also suffers  from
drainage  problems  and occasional flooding.  Also lacking are a
painting  workshop  and steam cleaning  facilities.
                               -61-

-------
     The current preventive maintenance program for Sanitation
Division vehicles consists of:  lubricating each of the Leach
packer bodies twice a week; rotating wheels; lubricating, and
changing oil on five trucks a night so that each truck returns
for such service every 20 days; and replacing the filter on diesel
engines once in every 60 days.  The preventive maintenance pro-
cedure is performed during the second shift of garage operation
so that trucks do not have to be pulled off of their regular
routes.  Filter changes are usually performed on Saturdays.
     The garage is also responsible for estimating the cost of
repair to city vehicles involved in accidents.  This estimate
accompanies the vehicle accident report (Figure 12) submitted to
the Department of Industrial Relations for each accident.  The
garage usually will not perform any repair work that may be
covered under insurance or warranty.
     The Municipal Garage  is reponsible for inspection of private
sector refuse haulers' vehicles.   The garage  is required to
inspect these vehicles for the following points:
     •   Visible structural defects (loose  fenders,
         partially enclosed bodies, etc.)
     •   Vehicle does not  exceed state axle limits
     •   Vehicle has mirrors
      •  Vehicle has mud  flaps
      e  Safety defects  (broken headlights, etc.)
      •  No leakage  from  the  vehicle  (body  must be
         water  tight)
      •  Tail gate  is  tight  fitting
      The Division  of  Sanitation  then  submits  an  approval form
 (Figure 13) to  the  city  auditor's  office  which permits the refuse
 hauler to  purchase  a $10.00 annual permit for the  operation of
 his vehicle.
                               -62-

-------
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             -63-

-------
                  CITY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
                  DIVISION OF SANITATION
                     425 SHORT STREET

TO CITY AUDITOR:

                 RE:  REFUSE HAULER'S LICENSE

     WE HAVE INSPECTED AND APPROVED, FOR REFUSE HAULER'S LICENSE
THE EQUIPMENT LISTED BELOW:
      NAME OF OWNER                      ADDRESS

    THIS EQUIPMENT HAS WATER TIGHT FULLY ENCLOSED METAL
CONTAINERS	 OR HAS WATER TIGHT FULLY ENCLOSED BODY    AND
CONFORMS WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ORDINANCE 1307-1  333?-2,1307-3
1307-4. and 1307-99 SECTION 19-18  PERTAINING TO VEHICLES FOR THE
TRANSPORTATION OF REFUSE OVER THE STREETS OF COLUMBUS.
                                  RICHARD JACKSON, SERIVCE DIRECT
KIND AND TYPE OF VEHICLE                       CLERK
LICENSE  NUMBER     TRAILER LICENSE NUMBER             DATE
RECEIPT  NUMBERREFUSE  LICENSE  NUMBER"
 FIGURE 13:   REFUSE HAULER'S LICENSE APPLICATION
                              -64-

-------
     Until recently the billing procedure for the Municipal
Garage was to charge the individual divisions for parts and labor,
and derive its payroll and operating costs from the General Fund.
However, a recent change in billing procedure, which is based on
previous monthly bills for each division, now enables the Municipal
Garage to derive its funds directly from the General Fund divi-
sions.  A computerized billing schedule is now available on a
monthly basis for detailed garage charges.  The computer printout
lists for each vehicle:
     •   Activity Number
     •   Brass Tag  Number  (vehicle  identification
         number)
     •   Ticket  number  (gasoline ticket, garage order, etc.)
     •   Date
     •    Item  (parts,  gasoline, etc.)
      •    Quantity  (of  parts)
      •    Unit  (of  parts)
      •    Billed  (supplies)
      •    Unbilled  (labor  through General  Fund Divisions)
      •    Total cost
      The garage has the authority to make purchases of up to
 $1,000.00 of its own accord.  The garage advises when older trucks
 need to be replaced and such trucks are auctioned off under the
 supervision of the Board of Purchase.
 5.8:  Financial Aspects of the Solid Waste Management System
      The solid waste system of Columbus relies entirely on the
 General Fund as a revenue source for the operating budget.  The
 Sanitation Division does collect fees for various services per-
 formed, but these revenues are contributed to the General Fund,
                                -fi5-

-------
similar to revenues collected by other municipal departments.
Disbursements to the Sanitation Division are not identified by
source.  In addition to the General Fund, the city administers
Self-Sustaining Funds for various departments such as street
cleaning, sewers and drainage, and airports, and Trust Funds
for sewers and sewage treatment, and water services.
     The operating budget is not currently developed simultane-
ously wit.h the capital budget, but plans are being considered to
integrate the development of each on the same time schedule. The
fiscal year in Columbus coincides with the calendar year.  Prepa-
ration for the budget usually begins in June for the following
year with the issuance of forms and instructions to the division
heads.  These forms are completed by the division heads, in con-
sultation with departmental finance officers, and submitted  to
the city finance department in early September.  Upon review
and revision of these divisional budgets, to ensure that they
meet overall city  objectives, the finance director compiles the
full city budget and submits  it to the mayor in early October.
The departmental requests are either approved or revised by the
mayor  and, in November, both  the departmental requests  and  the
mayor's  recommendations are submitted to the City Council for con-
sideration.  Final approval for departmental appropriations
resides  with the City Council.  The cycle for the capital budget
follows  the same process, except that preparation is not initiated
until  September.
      Since the  street cleaning  function  is  not  included in  the
Sanitation Division, the budget figures  for street  cleaning have
been  added to  the  Sanitation  Division's  budget  to provide a com-
plete view of  the  financial aspects of  the  solid waste  management
system.
                                -66-

-------
5.8.1:  Sources of Revenue
     The Sanitation Division is funded entirely from the General
Fund.  As seen in Table 10, Columbus used a wide range of revenue
sources to finance its municipal operations.  It is interesting
to note that for 1973, over 64 percent of the General Fund
revenue is derived from "transfer income," which consists almost
entirely of income tax revenue.
     Property taxes constitute only a small portion of total
revenues in Columbus, accounting for just eight percent of total
available resources.  The relatively high income tax revenues
allow for this low property tax burden.
     Since 1970, total General Fund available resources have
increased at an annual average rate of 19 percent, a growth rate
that provides adequate revenues for new and expanding city serv-
ices.  The major source of this growth has been the income tax
revenues, which have  increased at an even more rapid annual rate
of 26.7 percent.  Other revenue sources have increased much less
rapidly, e.g., taxes  - 16 percent, revenues from the general city
department - 15 percent, etc.  Revenues collected by the Service
Department (which includes the Sanitation Division) remained nearly
constant from  1970  through 1972, but were projected to decline  in
1973.
      The Sanitation Division charges fees for various services  it
performs; most significantly,  the $.15 per  100 pounds disposal
fee  at the city  landfill sites to manufacturers and private
haulers.  As shown  in Table 11, the total revenues collected by
the  Sanitation Division remained fairly constant since 1970.
These revenues represent only  a small fraction of the total cost
of operating the  Sanitation Division.
                               -67-

-------



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-------
                                 TABLE 11
                   SANITATION DIVISION REVENUES BY SOURCE
                                  1970 to 1973
              1970
 1971
 1972
 1973
Sanitation
Landfill &   $55,000
Refuse Fees!/
$75,000
$80,000
$60,000
            :!/ Includes
               a-Collection and rental of cubic yard refuse
                 containers - 25%
               b- Collection of dead animals from veterinarians
                  and laboratories - 4%
               c- Fee charged manufactures and private haulers
                  for use of city landfill (at $.15 per 100 Ibs.)
                  71%
                                    -69-

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      The  street  cleaning  function  is  funded  as  a  self-sustaining
operation, not part of the General  Fund.   This function is in-
cluded in the Division of Engineering and Construction, also
within the Department of Public Service.   This division provides
the revenue to cover the cost of operating the street cleaning
service.
     The city has a motorized equipment fund which it utilizes
for the purchase of Sanitation Division vehicles.   It is currently
using Federal revenue sharing funds, together with the motorized
equipment funds, to purchase 15 additional packer trucks.  The
revenue sharing  fund is the sole source for the financing of the
proposed transfer/pulverizer stations mentioned in earlier sections.
5.8.2  Expenditures
     The expenditures of the Sanitation Division  are monitored
by monthly accounting reports that detail appropriations, ex-
penditures to date, encumbrances and unencumbered balances. This
computerized procedure  is currently being studied and  revised to
provide for more accurate assignment of costs.  The monthly
statement provides  data by major and minor purpose, and  by
program for each division.  Four programs are detailed for the
Sanitation Division - administration,  refuse collection  and
disposal,  landfill  operations,  and vehicular and  building main-
tenance.   Six major purpose expenditure categories are utilized
by  all  departments of the city:  personal  services,
supplies  and  materials,  services,  debt service  requirements,
other disbursements,  and outlay for  fixed  assets. Within each
major purpose category  are numerous  minor  purpose categories.
As  shown  in  Tables 12,  13,  and 14,  expenditures for  solid waste
management have increased steadily since  1968.   The  total costs
 for the Sanitation Division  have increased more than $2.2 million
                               -70-

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since 1968 to $5.3 million in 1973.  Expenditures for street
cleaning increased less rapidly, an increase of about $100,000
to $800,000 in 1973.  For all solid waste activities, the in-
crease approximated $2.3 million since 1968, for a total of
$6.1 million for 1973.
     Personal services constitute the major portion of expendi-
tures, averaging just under 90 percent of all Sanitation Division
operating expenditures since 1968  (see Table 15).  This per-
centage has remained nearly constant during this period.  Although
this seems to be indicative of a highly labor intensive operation
relative to other cities, it must  be noted that the total costs
are understated  by the amounts incurred for purchase and depre-
ciation of collection and disposal vehicles.  Capital costs for the
Sanitation Division's equipment costs are provi.d,?dJfor in/the budget
of the municipal garage.  Such costs which may be directly attri-
butable to the Sanitation Division equipment are presently not
specifically  identifiable.  Therefore, if these capital and de-
preciation costs were added to the present operating costs of
the  Sanitation Division,  the percent of expenditures for personal
services would be  significantly reduced, most likely to the
70-75 percent range.
     Table 16 indicates the average annual increase in expendi-
tures for the solid waste management system as 10.2 percent.
Personal services expenditures experienced an 11.4 percent
average annual increase, while non-personal services expendi-
tures increased just 3.8 percent annually.  The latter is due to
the  actual decline  of 5.2 percent  annually of non-personal
services expenditures for the street cleaning operations.
                                -74-

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                             TABLE  15

              PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURES
               BY PURPOSE FOR SANITATION DIVISION
                          1968 to 1973
                    1968    1969    1970    1971    1972    1973

Personal Services   88.6    90.5    89.5    90.1    87.9    89.1
Supplies.and
  Materials
9.5     7.7     8.8     8.2     8.1     8.7
Services
1.6     1.3     1.5     1.6     3.9     2.2
Debt Service
  Requirements
 0
0
                0
Other Disbursements    .1       .2
                 .2      .1      .1      .1
Outlay for Fixed
  Assets
 .2      .3
0
0
.1      .1
                                -75-

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                             TABLE 16

                AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENT INCREASE OF
               SELECTED EXPENDITURES FOR SOLID WASTE
                 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1968 to 1973
                       Sanitation
                         Division
Personal Services
All Non-Personal Services
  Expenditures

All Expenditures
+11.7
           Street     Solid Waste
          Cleaning Management System
+10.7
+11.6
+8.9
-5.2

+3.1
+11.4
+3.8

+10.2
                                 -76-

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5.9:    Future Developments
5.9.1:  Transfer Stations
     The Department of Public Service of the City of Columbus
has felt for some time that its Division of Sanitation opera-
tions are antiquated.  This has been due partly to the fact that
all of the division's trucks are housed in the Municipal Garage
near the center of the city.  Since all of the employees start
work at the same time there is considerable congestion in both the
morning and afternoon.  In addition, the trucks must drive from
this central location to their routes, which are as much as 30
to 45 minutes away.  Also aggravating the situation is the fact
that Columbus has only one city-operated landfill located on the
south side of the city, requiring a travel time of over one hour
in many cases.  At the end of the day, all trucks must return to
the landfill to dump and then return to the storage garage.  The
total driving time at the end of the day could average two hours.
     To alleviate these problems,  in  late  1972 the  Department of
Public  Service  proposed a system of transfer  stations which  would  re-
duce haul distances  to the landfill.  The transfer stations would
also permit decentralization of storage facilities, thus reducing
travel  distances to  the different routes.  Three transfer stations
were proposed in the north, east, and west, respectively.  These
would allow the trucks to empty their loads and return to their
routes  in a minimum  amount of time.  This time savings would en-
able  each truck to pick up an additional load each  day.  By
eliminating many truck miles and keeping the trucks off the  land-
fill, the life  of  the collection trucks would also  be prolonged.
      Alternative disposal systems were also considered, specifically
baling  and pulverization of refuse  to conserve landfill space.
After extensive analysis and site  observation of these techniques
in the  United States and abroad, the  Department of  Public Service
                               -77-

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concluded that pulverization would be more practical and
economical for Columbus, especially as a preparatory process
for possible future resource recovery.
     As a result of this investigation the city let bids for
three transfer stations equipped with some combination of proces-
sing equipment (compactors, pulverizers, balers).  The results
of the bids received are summarized in Figure 15.  It was de-
cided to accept the bid from the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company
for a transfer station/pulverizer combination system. VA pro-
posed schedule for implementing these projects was then prepared.
A summary of this schedule is presented in Figure 16.
     As presently planned  (and under construction) the new
Columbus solid waste management system will have three transfer
stations, the proposed  sites for which are indicated in Figure 5
(Section 5.4, Disposal  Function).  These stations will provide for
inside dumping and will be designed to be compatible with sur-
rounding structures.  The  refuse will be deposited  into dump areas
where it will then feed a  refuse pulverizer which will, in turn,
feed a 75 -cubic-yard trailer.  These  trailers will  then be taken
to the landfill and emptied.  The pulverized refuse  will be
spread continuously by  two men using  two medium-sized dozers.  It
is planned  to obtain state approval for the elimination of daily
covering, thus  saving major  landfilling costs.   It  is felt that
the pulverized  refuse  landfill would  provide a more aesthetic
appearance  and  be  more  sanitary  as demonstrated  in  other pulverized
refuse  landfills.  Also,  damage  to  landfill equipment and to
trucks which must  currently  drive  onto  the fill  would be reduced
by  this  system.
      A major precept  in opting  for  the  pulverizer  system is  its
 feasibility for coupling  with  future  resource  recovery  systems.
                              -78-

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               Kim m Hi  MMin  DIM n<*

                            Jaiuiry 9.  19*3


     TO:   RKJuid D. Jackson, Director of l\il>lic  Service

   tn>l:   Robert C. Parkinson. Assistant Director

SI&IICT:   «IJ>  f°r S°llJ *J*tc frnii|»cnt

     The  hiiN for SoliJ K^te li|»ipment  received  ntccudwr  12.
19*2, have been cv.ilu.ited ba«*cO on the information  -»uh-
iiitted by the bidders.  Hie bids received were  n» follows:

             The Jeffrey htanuf.icturtrg  Conr>.iny

Transfer  Station w/puUeri:er unit - J569.S09.00  per  each  for
less than 3 units •-• $1,4M,1M no
Metal extractors --       13,7*0.,1  Mr  each
j units---              41,310.:',
Total for 3 complete units 	 |1.465.4*0.00
       Control  5>$tems  Inc. ?, Clenway Street Metal  Inc.
                       (a joint venture)

TransfeT Station w/conpactor units - $141,159.00
3 units --- 423.477.00
2 Baler units -- Jl,870.463.00

Total	 {2,293.940.00
     (No bids for metal extractors)

UXing only 2 transfer stations the total bid would be:
2 - transfer stations w/conpactor
      units 5282,318.00
2 - Baler units - $1,870.463.00

Total 	 $2.152.781.00
     In la^i.irinn  the bids to the «|HVifications, I find the


Jeffrey Mmuf.icturi n£ romp my      •              .
3 |wlvcrizer«  f  60 ton/lir./7 hr. day • 1260 tons/7 hr. day
spec if uat ions require  -  1200 ton/7 hr. day

Control SvstemN  Q  Clem* iv **iect M'tal
2 baler* • 40 hiilc«/hr.  each • 80 halcs/hr.
     • «M h.ilw/11 hr.  day
bale- ate 3d" x  36" x  48" • 1.33 Cu.yd.
»ven« weight • 2,WO • 3.000 Ib.
« 2.0(K> Ib/Mlc  x SSI)  Kites • ago ton/11 hr. Jay
• 3,000 Ib/rulc  x 880  talc* • 1.320 ton/11 hr. day
average cjp.Tcitv • 1100  ton/11 hr. day
spccifujtions require 1,200 ton/11 hr. Jay
This then Joc^ not BK-et  >iKXIficat^oru
%Tnu»un weight  of bale  collect spec:  2,734 Ib.

United Container Service Inc. • Information not furnished
     The estuuted i
   follows:
                             costs of the various systems are
                UUted Container Service Inc.

Transfer Station w/compactor  unit  (if 3 are     $  119,717.00
  purchased)  3 units  ---  5359,151.00
Transfer Station v/ccrrpactor  units  (if 2 are       1S9.SS6.00
  purchased)  2 units  --   $319.112.00
     No further consideration to be given to ttxited Container
Service Inc., due to unit  cost.
                                        (continued)
              The Jeffrey Manufacturing: Corpany
Power
Labor
Ftont end loader
Plant teintenance
Msc. (utilities etc.)

            Total	
                          W.177 per ton
                           0.249 per ton
                           0.042 per ton
                           0.S86 per ton
                           0.083 per ton
                                          • $1.137 per ton
      Control System Inc  t  Clenway  Sheet >'ctal Inc.

Power                      $0.1756 per ton
Labor                      (.6784 per ton
Plant tbintenance          0.1887 per ton

            Total	-- 1.0427 per ton

Front Loader S Misc.
(not included in proposal,
price based on above)      0.12S per ton

Labor at 2 transfer
stations (estuiated)       0.2714 per ton

             Total	- $1.4391 per ton

Submitted by Bidder	
 Bids  for Solid fcaste Equipment
                                                      Paj. 3
                thited Container Service  Inc.
 Proposal states cost to be included  at a later date.

     The above figures, I sutmtted,  needed clarification in
 order  that they coulJ be properly  co—^.ireJ.  The estimated
 operating costs, suhnitted by Control iv^tems 6 Clenway
 Sheet  Metal covered only the cost  of tne baler.  Since_ 2/3
 of the material n handled at the  transfer station as "well as
 the baler, the total operating cost  per  ton is considerably
 higher.  The bidder has not able to  supply these figures.

     The hauling nust also be taken  into account since nore
 trucks and drivers will be required  with the bales due to
 the double haul of 2/3 of the naterial.  The es tuna ted
 hauling costs are as follows:
 Labor

 Jeffrey Nbnufacturing Company
 3 drivers per station 9 5.60/hr. - $134.40/day
 t peak capacity (400 tons/day)  •               10.33Vton

 Control Systems i Clenway Sheet Metal -
 jCt~b.iler
 6 drivers - % 5.60/hr.          •  268.40/day
 t peak capacity (1,200 tons/day) •    0.224/ton
 At transfer stations (2)
 3 driven per station • 5.60/hr. •  134.40/dajr
 » peak capacity (400 tone is the Jeffrey  extractor, and
 therefore, they did not «utait a bid since they assumed
 Jeffrey would he bidding that itcn.
 FIGURE   15:      TRANSFFP   STATION   BIDS  fTCFIVm   PY
                                                            -79-

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              CITY   OF   COLUMBUS

                          OHIO

                DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE
                      Zip Code:   4321S
Tom Kbody                              Jerome C. Gafford
  Ma/or                                  Deputy Director
Richard D. Jackson, P.E.                Robert C. Parkinson
  Director                               Assistant Director


  PROPOSED SCHEDULE OF PROJECTS - ENVIRONteNrAL PROTECTION
Priority 1 -  Sanitation Transfer stations w/pulverizer

  A.  Bids for equipment - received Dec.  12,  1972
      Dec. 12, 1972
      This contract should be awarded
      as soon as  possible.  The con-
      tract requires  equipment delivery
      and in operation in 9-1/2 months.
      This project includes all equip-
      ment required for the transfer
      stations including metal extractors
      for recycling.

           Total  Bid                           $1,465,470.00


  B.  Land purchase for North and East
      sites.
      Tentative sites have been selected
      for both the North and East transfer
      stations.  In order to assure avail-
      ability these sites should be pur-
      chased as soon  as possible.

           Estimated  Cost                      $  100,000.00


  C.  Transfer station buildings  (3).
      This portion of the project should be
      started immediately  in order  that the
      buildings can be available when  the
      equipment is ready.  An Architect
      should fe hired now with contracts
      to  be awarded for the building
      construction by June  1973.

           Estimated Cost                      $  754,530.00


  D.  Transfer trucks and station equipment.
      This equipment will  be necessary
      when the transfer stations  are put
      into operation.  Because  of the  time
      required for manufactures and de-
      livering contracts should be  awarded
      by June 1973.

            Estimated Cost                     $  200,000.00


      Total  Estimated Cost § Priority  1        $2,500,000.00
Priority 2 -  Sanitation Truck Storage
             facilities - three buildings
       This project involves the de-central-
       ization of the sanitation packer
       trucks.  In order to get full util-
       ization of the transfer stations,  it
       will be necessary that these build-
       ings are conpleted when the trans-
       fer stations are put into operation.
       The present storage building is under
       design to be converted to a new
       municipal garage and once construc-
       tion begins there will be nowhere  to
       park the trucks under cover.
       Contracts should be awarded on all
       buildings as soon as possible in
       order  to have the facilities ready
       prior  to cold weather, no later than
       April  1973.

            Estimated Cost

Priority 3 -  Elimination of street clean-
             ing assessments.
       The 1973 street cleaning operations
       would normally be financed by revenue
       from the assessments for 1972 street
       cleanings.  These have not been cer-
       tified and the  approval of this
       proposal would eliminate the certi-
       fication of the  1972 assessments.

            Estimated Cost
$1,000,000.00
$  300,000.00
    per year
   FIGURE  16:    PROPOSED  SOLID  WASTE  ACTIVITIES  IN  COLUMBUS
                                                -80-

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Metal and paper separation are currently viewed as the most
likely candidates for this form of processing but are not yet
considered an economically viable project for Columbus.
     At each transfer station there will be a truck storage,
building 60'x225' for 32 trucks.
          The Municipal Garage will decentralize its preventive
maintenance program to these sites.
5.9.2:  Paper Bags
     The City of Columbus recently performed a pilot project on
the use of paper bags to replace garbage cans.  The purpose of
this pilot project was to determine the economic and aesthetic
advantages of the use of paper bags in lieu of conventional con-
tainers.  The paper bags for the project were purchased by the
City of Columbus at a cost of 8£ each.
     For the test, the city chose a specific area  in which to dis-
tribute two cubic foot bags to the residents.  A notice  (Figurel?)
was then distributed which advised the residents of the program.
Subsequent to the three-week test period,  a  follow-up  questionnaire
(Figure  18) was  distributed to participants  in the program which
solicited their  views on paper bags.  The  city is  currently evalu-
ating  this pilot program.
                               81

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                        NOTICE


    The City of Columbus will be conducting a pilot project
on the use of paper bags to replace metal cans.  Your area has
been selected for this project for the period of April 4 thru
April 22.  The project will be carried out as follows:

    During the period of March 27 thru April 1, there will be
6 bags distributed at each home at the regular collection time.
These bags are to provide for 2 each week for a period of 3 weeks.
Upon receiving the paper bags residents are requested to stop
using their reaular containers and use only the paper bags.  Two
bags are furnished for each week and in most cases with a little
care in packing this will be sufficient.  Should anyone require
additional bags, they will be available for purchasing at IOC
each at  (TO BE DESIGNATED.)  If this program were to be adooted,
most residents would use a special baq holder, that would hold
the bag in place and have a flir> top cover.  The paper bag',"of a
design that it is free standing and can therefore be used for the
short period involved without the use of the holder.  The bag
should only be filled to a level that leaves space to fold down
and seal the top.  The bags are to be set out  at the curb on the
regular collection day.  Bulky items should be kept separately,
unless they can be crushed, and set out v/ith the bags.

    Following  the last collection a questionaire will be delivered
to your home in order that we may receive your comments on the
test.  In making this evaluation we would appreciate it if you
would give us  your frank and honest opinions,  however, we vould
hope that you  would take into accounts:- that  in regular use you
would have a bag holder.

    We would like to  thank you  for your  assistance in this test
and through your cooperation v?e can gain  the  information necessary
to determine any benefits which could be  derived from the use  of
paper bags.

    Should any problems develop during  this  period, olease feel  free
to call  at the office of the Division of  Sanitation,  teleohone:
461-8250.             •  '
                               Richard D.  Jackson,  P.E.
                               Director,
                               Department  of Public Service

 FIGURE 17:  NOTICE OF PAPER  BAG PROGRAM


                              82

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                       QUESTION A IRE
We would like to thank you for your assistance in the test project  on
the use of paper bags.  In order that we may make a complete  evaluation
of the test we would appreciate your comments on your experience during
this period.
Personal evaluation of test:
Problems:
 Is  a  bag  holder  necessary?

 Recommendations:
                 Name and Address:
         (  Leave blank if desired)
 Return to:
Richard D. Jackson, P.E.
Director of Public-Service
90 West Broad Street
Columbus, Ohio  43215
  FIGURE 18:
 EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PAPER
 BAG PILOT PROGRAM
                                     83
                                                                           r-<*

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APPENDICES
     84

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               APPENDIX A



COLUMBUS SOLID WASTE CODES AND ORDINANCES
                    85

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                          COLUfaDUS  CITY CO CIS
             TITLE  THIRTEEN-GARBAGE  AND RUBBISH CODS

                ARTICLE ONE—Storage and Collection
                    Chap.  1301.  Definitions.
                    Chap.  1303.  Garbage,  Waste Paper  and  Burnable
                                 Rubbish.
                    Chap.  1305.  Nonburnable Rubbish  and  Ashes.
                    Chap.  1307.  Collection and Disposal  by Licensee.

                 ARTICLE THREE—Disposal Facilities
                    Chap.  1321.  City Incinerators.
                    Chap.  1323.  City Controlled Landfills.
                    Chap.  1325.  Dumps.
                                  86

January 19G4 Replace.mt

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                        COLUMBUS CITY  CODES

           TITLE THinTEEN—GARBAGE  AND
                          RU331SH  CODE
                 ARTICLE ONE—Storace  end Collection

          Chip.  1301.  Definitions.

          Chap.  1303.  Garbage, Waste Paper and  Burnable Rubbish.
          Chap.  1305.  Nonburnable Rubbish  and Ashes.  (Repealed)
          Chap.  1307.  Collection  and Disposal by  Licensee.
1301.01  Definition of terms.
1301.02  Garbage.
CHAPTER 1301
   Definitions
          1301.03
          1301.04
Refuse.
Rubbish.
1301.01   Definition o? terms.
  For the purpose of Title Thirteen—Garbage
and Rubbish Code,  the following terms shall
have the meanings respectively ascribed.

1301.02   Garbage.
  "Garbage" is any waste collection of animal.
fruit or vegetable matter, and  any matter  or
substance or waste therefrom used in the prepa-
ration, cooking, dealing in or storage  of meats
and fowl, fruits and vegetables.  (§ 19.1 ;«Ord.
782-56.)
          1301.03  Refuse.
            "Refuse" is the general term encompassing
          garbage and rubbish. (Ord. 510-59.)

          1301.04  Rubbish.
            "Rubbish" means all household waste matter
          such as paper,  straw, excelsior, rags, wearing
          apparel, grass,  trimmings from small shrubs,
          tin cans, glass, metal, ashes and other  waste
          material accumulating about dwellings or build-
          ings, except waste materials accumulated in the
          constiuction, remodeling or repairing of build-
          ings.  (Ord. 510-59.)
                                87
 January 19G9 Replacement

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                                     CHAPTER  1303

                  Garbage,  Waste  Paper and Burnable Rubbish
 1303.01
 1303.02
 1303.03
 1303.04
 1303.05
 1303.06

 1303.07
 1303.08

 1303.09
 1303.10
 1303.11

 1303.99
Unsalable or condemned prod-
ucts  to be removed.
Use of  bundles.
Storing refuse.
Apartment  house cubic yard
containers.
Penalty.
Receptacles required.
Type of  receptacles required.
Use of receptacles.
Location of receptacles.
Depositing refuse.
Refuse and animal disposal
by  City.
Collection from  businesses;
additional collections.
                           Crou Reference*.
   Regulation of disposal by Service Director—see CHT*. § '117.
   Municipality collecting and disposing of garbage and rubbish—see Ohio R. C.
      7115.43.
   Garbage from nursing or boarding- home*—tee HLTH. 7Il.09(k).
   Garbage in parks—sec Pus PROP. 9N07.
   Depositing- refuse in watercourses—see W. S. 4 E. 1111.04.
   Mixing nonburnables with burnables—see GAR. & R. 1321.04.
   'Removing trash from market stalls—see MKTS. 1505.10.
   Refuse and garbage in markets—see MKTS. 1507.06 et seq.
   Placing refuse on streets—see G. OFF. 2375.09.
   Littering streets—see G. OFF. 2375-14.
   Garbage in dwellings—see HSE. 45.21.07. 4521.08.
 1303.01   Receptacles  required.
   It shall  be the duty of every owner, tenant,
 agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge of
 any and every  building, premises or  place of
 business in  the City forthwith to  provide or
 cause to be provided, and at all times thereafter
 to keep  or cause to be  kept  and  provided for
 the exclusive use of such buildings, premises or
 place of business covered receptacles for receiv-
 ing and holding, without leakage, all refuse that
 may accumulate during the interim of municipal
 refuse collection  from such building,  premises
 or place of business  or  the portion thereof ot
 which such  person  may  be owner,  tenant,
 lessee  or occupant  in charge.  (Ord.  485-59.1

 1303.02   Type  of receptacles  required.
   Each  such receptacle  as required by C.  C.
 1303.01 shall be made watertight,  of galvanized
 iron or  other suitable   material,  as approved
 by the Director of Public Service,  with handles
 and  a tight-fitting lid which shall be so main-
 tained in position at all times  as to prevent the
 contents of such receptacle from becoming wet.
 and to prevent the ingress or  egress of animals
 and insects.  Such refuse receptacles shall be of
 such size as  to permit the holding of all refuse
 between  collections,  but shall  not  exceed  a
 thirty-gallon  capacity. Provided that there i<
 nothing in  this chapter  to prohibit  the use of
 large box-like metal containers as  approved by
the Director  of  Public Service.  Provided fur-
ther,  that  there  is  nothing in this  chapter  to
prohibit  the  use  of other  containers  that  are
watertight with a tight-fitting lid and are col-
lected and  disposed of  by a  licensee as  set
forth in  Chapter 1307.  (Ord. 485-59.)

1303.03   Use  of receptacles.
   It  shall  be  the duty  of every tenant, owner,
lessee or occupant  of every dwelling, building,
premises or place of  business to  deposit  all
refuse that is  to be removed from the premises
by the City collection,  in receptacles provided
for refuse  and shall drain excess  liquids from,
and wrap all  garbage in  several thicknesses of
paper.  (.Ord. 485-59.)


1303.04   Location of receptacles.
   fa) It shall be the duty of every owner, ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
of .ITI-. and e\ery building, premises  or place of
bi:-ine_->  in the City  which does  not  abut on  an
al'ey, or \\hich abuts an  alley which is not acces-
v! le  to the Cky  Division of Sanitation  packer
trucks or which i-> an unimproved alley, to place
ail  refi'.-e that is to be collected, by the  City
l)i\i>ion  of Sanitation, not  more  than  throe
feet fror.i the curb nr curb  line  in front of any
and e\ery  such  ImiMing.  premises or place of
business  m the City, at least one-half hour be-
fore the  scheduk-d date and time  of collection,
but said  refuse shall, in all cases, be k<-pt out-
side o( any fence, wall, enclosure, dwelling or
building  on the  day of  collection.
   (I)) It >lull be the duty of every owner, ten-
ant, agent,  lessee, occupant and person in charge
                                                  88
January 19G9 Replacement

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4A
GARBAGE,  WASTE  PAPER AND  BURNABLE  RUBBISH    § 1303.05
of any and every building, premises or place of
business in  the  City \\hich abuts on any alley
which is accessible to the City Division of Sani-
tation packer trucks, and  which is improved, to
place all refuse that is to be  collected  by  the
City  Division of Sanitation  at the alley edge
line or not more than three feet inside the prop-
erty  line abutting said alle\. in  the City, at least
one-half hour  before  the scheduled date and
time  of collection,  but  in no event shall such
refuse be  placed inside an\ area enclosed by a
fence, \\all  or other enclosure,  including any
dwelling or  building on the scheduled collection
date  and  time,  provided,  however, that  at  no
time  shall the abo\e said refuse  be placed  or
stored  in such a  manner as  to  obstruct  or
hamper the  lawful use of any alley or through-
way.
   (c) At no  time,  shall  any City Division of
Sanitation employee go be\ond any fence, wall,
gate or any enclosure, or  into any dwelling or
building,  for  the  purpose of  removing refuse
from any such  premises,  building  or dwelling.
   (d)  Subsections (a) through (c) above shall
not  apply  to  any  of  the types of containers
o*-  situations  described  in  Sections  1303.06,
1303.07 or 1303.11. C.C.
   (e) It shall be the duty of every osvner, ten-
                                  ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
                                  of any and every building, premises or  place of
                                  business in the City, whose refuse is not placed
                                  at the point or points of collection at the sched-
                                  uled date and time of collection, as set  forth'in
                                  this chapter, to dispose of the uncollected refuse,
                                  at the sole expense of such owner, tenant, agent,
                                  lessee, occupant and person in charge  of any
                                  and every building, premises or  place  of busi-
                                  ness before  the time of the  next regular sched-
                                  uled date and time of collection  of  said refuse
                                  shall be placed at  the point or points of collec-
                                  tion,  designated  in  this chapter  by the  next
                                  regularh,  scheduled date  and time of collection.
                                     (f)  It shall he the duty  of every owner, ten-
                                  ant, agent, lessee, occupant  and person in charge
                                  of any and  every building  or premises in the
                                  City to remove any  and all empty containers
                                  from  the points  mentioned  in subsection (a)
                                  above before the  end of the next day after the
                                  day of actual collection  of said  refuse. (Ord.
                                  1468-68 )


                                  1303.05  Depositing refuse.
                                     It shall be unlawful to throw or deposit any
                                  refuse whatsoever in or upon any street, alley,
                                  public place or vacant lot.   (Ord. 485-59.)
January 1969 Replacement
                                       89

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5
Nonburnable Rubbish and  Ashes
§ 1303.99
1303.06  Refuse and animal disposal
          by City.
  The Director  of Public Service shall collect
and  dispose  of,  through the  Department of
Public  Service,  all  dead animals  and refuse
within the City  and he  shall make rules  and
regulations for the collection and  disposal of
the aforesaid  refuse and dead animals from lots.
streets or premises of  any kind, public or  pri-
vate,  within  the  City, except  as  provided in
C. C. 130308.
  It  shall be unlawful for  any person, other
than the duly authorized employees  of the City,
to remove any of the aforesaid refuse from lots.
streets,  or premises of any kind, public or  pri-
vate, or to transport them in any manner along
the streets or highways or on public or private
property within the City,  except as provided for
in Chapter 1307. (Ord. 485-59.)

1303.07  Collection  from  businesses;
          additional  collections.
  It  shall be  the duty  of any person operating
or in charge of any grocery,  meat or fowl store,
restaurants, clubs, hotels, institutions,  associa-
tions, or any  place of business having an accu-
mulation amounting to more than  one thirty-
gallon receptacle  of refuse as provided  in Sec-
tion  1303.02. during a period of one week or
l>etween the  interim of the  regular residential
collection  of  such refuse  by  the Department of
Public  Service to remove  or cause to be re-
moved such accumulation to  the refuse landfills
of the City or any  recognized disposal  facility.
Any such person may enter  into  contract with
the Director  of  Public Service for  such addi-
tional collection  and disposal at a charge of one
dollar (SI.00 i per cubic vard. Any  person may
enter into a contract  \\ith the Director of Public
Service for additional collections for apartment
houses  in addition  to  the regular  weekly  col-
lection  and   di^>o--al  at  a  like charge  of  one
dollar (SI.00) per cubic yard.
   The charge for the rennl of  the  below lifted
cubic yard container*  ouned by the Citv  ~! .ill
be as  follows phi-  any  charge of  one dollar
($1.00) per  cubic \ard for  collection.

                      (. nl'ic }\m/   Riitc l\ i
     Tvfc of Ho.v        Sice        Mi»it'i
Dayhrook—Roto-Pac       3          5.75
                            4          6.50
                            5          8 00
                                              Dempster-Uumpster
                                              (Ord.  701-68.)
                                              3
                                              6
                                             10
                                             12
   6.70
   9.55
  115.03
  13.96
                                              1303.08  Unsalable or  condemned prod-
                                                        ucts  to  be removed.
                                                 It shall be the duty of every person or agent
                                              in possession of offal, meats,  melons,  fruits or
                                              vegetables  that  are unsalable or which  have
                                              been condemned by the Columbus Department
                                              of Health,  forthwith to remove or cause to be
                                              removed the same by a  license to  the  refuse
                                              incinerators of the  City or to  a recognized dis-
                                              posal facility.  (Ord. 485-59.)

                                              1303.09  Use  of  bundles.
                                                 If the refuse  is  of such a  character that it
                                              cannot  be placed  in an  approved  receptacle,
                                              then it shall be bundled  and  securely tied, no
                                              bundle  to exceed  four feet in length, two feet
                                              in diameter and fifty pound.'  in weight. These
                                              bundles shall  he placed at  tu  -jame collection
                                              point as the refuse receptacles.  (Ord. 4S5-59.)
                                               1303.10  Storing refuse.
                                                 Xo person shall store or accumulate, or per-
                                               mit  to  be stored or accumulated, any refuse
                                               upon premises under his control, except refuse
                                               stored  in containers as required and  author-
                                               ized by this chapter. (Ord. 3S6-67.)


                                               1303.11   Apartment  house cubic yard
                                                         containers.
                                                 Any  newlv constructed  apartment dwellings
                                               of hve  units or more shall provide cubic vard
                                               containers of no k-ss capacity  than three cubic
                                               yards and upwards at the rate of one  cubic yard
                                               per  every two apartment  unit-,. All such cubic
                                               yard containers and their  location  mu^t  he
                                               appnned by the Director  of  Public  Service
                                               though the  Division of Sanitation before they
                                               ;ire  put into  operation  (Ord. 701-08.)


                                               1303.99  Penalty.
                                                 Whoever violates  this  chapter shall  be deemed
                                               guilty of a misdemeanor and shall he fined not
                                               more than two hundred dollars (S200.00)  or
                                               imprisoned for not more than ten davs. or both.
                                     CHAPTER  1305

                            Nonburnable  Rubbish and  Ashes

                 (Repealed by Ordinance 4hG-o9 passed April 6,  1939.)
                                         90
August Ii»fi8 Replacement

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                                                                                         6
                                    CHAPTER 1307

                        Collection  and Disposal by  Licensee
1307.01   License required.
1307.02   Application;  fee; term.
1307.03   Container and vehicle
          requirements.
1307.04   Identification  tag.
1307.05  Residential  collection.
1307.06  Pushcarts prohibited.
1307.07  Deposit on  unlicensed dump;
          revocation.
1307.99  Penalty.
                                     CroM Reference*.
                      City employing scavengers—see Ohio R. C. 3707.39.
                      Licensing pushcarts—see B. REG. Ch. 673.
1307.01  License required.
  It shall be unlawful for any person to buy,
collect,  transport or engage in the  business of
collecting or transporting  through  the streets
or public ways any offal, garbage,  rubbish, or
ashes, without lirst obtaining a license to engage
in such business. (§ 19.18; Ord 782-56.)

1307.02  Application; fee; term.
  Every person desiring a license  shall make
application to the City Auditor by setting forth
his name, his residence if an  individual, or the
address and place of business if a firm or corpo-
ration, and  pay a fee for  such  license on the
basis of ten dollars ($10.00)  per year  for each
vehicle  used for such  purpose.  Each license
shall be issued  annually by  the  City  Auditor
and shall expire on the thirty-first day of March
following such date of issuance. (§  19.18; Ord.
782-56.)

1307.03  Container  and vehicle
          requirements.
  Any  person  desiring to obtain a license for
this purpose must provide watertight,  fully en-
closed  metal  containers, or  a  fully   enclosed
body on the vehicle in which to place such offal,
garbage,  rubbish or  ashes while  transporting
same over the streets or public ways of  the City.
The City Auditor,  before issuing such license,
shall require a written approval  irom the Divi-
sion of Sanitation Su|>enr,tendent to the effect
that the vehicle and equipment conforms to the
requirements of this  section.  (Ord. 295-60.)

1307.04  Identification tag.
   On the issuance of any such license the Divi-
sion of Sanitation and Sanitation Superintend-
ent shall  issue a metal tag which  shall  be at-
tached in a conspicuous place upon the outer
left side of  each vehicle used  for this  purpose,
and in  addition  to  the  distinctive  number
thereon, the Division of  Sanitation   Superin-
tendent shall enter upon such identification p'.ate
in  the  space  provided for the  corresponding
state registration number of  such vehicle, if a

 August  1'JCH Replacement
motor vehicle, and if another  style, the nature
thereof, and such identification tag shall be used
only upon  such, vehicle.  Such  identification
plate shall not be obscured in any manner what-
soever. (Ord. 295-60.)

1307.05  Residential  collection.
  Issuance of this license shall not be construed
to permit the owner of such license the right to
collect  or  transport  offal, garbage, rubbish or
ashes upon the streets of the City from residen-
tial  property unless special permission to do so
is first  obtained in writing from the Division of
Sanitation Superintendent. (Ord. 295-60.)

1307.06  Pushcarts prohibited.
  No person engaged in the business of collect-
ing, hauling, or transporting through the streets
or pubhc  ways of the City any rubbish,  com-
posed of ashes or tin cans, shall transport or
haul such  refuse through the  streets and  public
ways of the City  with a pushcart propelled by
man power. (§ 19.18;  Ord.  782-56.)

1307.07  Deposit on  unlicensed dump;
          revocation.
  No person  engaged  in the business of col-
lecting, hauling or  transporting  through the
streets or  public ways  of the City  any  offal,
garbage, rubbish  or ashes shall deposit  on an
unlicensed dump  within the City,  or  transport
for  such  deposit,  any  offal,   garbage, rubbish
or ashes.
  The  City  Auditor shall revoke the license
issued  pursuant to this chapter  upon written
certification by the Director  of Public Service
that the license holder  has  violated the  pro-
hibition set forth in this section. (Ord. 124-67.)

1307.99  Penalty.
  Whoever  violates this chapter shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not
more than  five hundred dollars  ($500.00) or
imprisoned for not more than ten days, or both.
upon a second conviction within a period of one
vcar, all collector's licenses owned by the vio-
lator shall he revoked by the City Auditor.

    91

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                       ARTICLE THREE—Disposal Facilities

                        Chap.  1321.  City Incinerators.
                        Chap.  1323.  City Controlled  Landfills.
                                   CHAPTER 1321
                                   City Incinerators
  1321.01
  1321.02

  1321.03
Fees.
Collection  and disposition of
moneys.
Transporting refuse from own
place of business.
1321.04  Mixing  nonburnables with'*
         burnables.  (Repealed)
1321.99  Penalty.
                                      Cross References.
                     Appropriating land for garbage disposal—see Ohio R. C 719.01.
                     Loads dropping or leaking—see THAT. 2141.09.
                     Garbape incinerator defined—see AIR POL. 2701.08.
                     Garbage incinerators—see AIR POL. Ch. 2725.
                     Incinerator chimney—see BLDG. I 4187.27.
  1321.01   Fees.
    The following fees shall be charged for the
  use of the City incinerators:
    (a)  Garbage or mixed garbage and burnable
  rubbish.
      1. $.50 for the first 100 pounds.
      2. $.25 per 100 pounds for the balance  of
    the load.
    (b) Burnable rubbish.
      1. $.25 for the first 100 pounds.
      2. $.10 per 100 pounds for the balance  of
    the load.  (§ 19.10; Ord. 782-56.)

  1321.02   Collection and disposition of
            moneys.                   «
    All moneys payable to the City for any incin-
  eration and  disposal by  the Ci:y shall  be col-
  lected at  the orfice of the Division of Sanitation.
  All moneys so  collected by the D'.Msior. of Sani-
  tation shall be turned over  to  the City Treas-
  urer  within  twenty-four hours  from the  time
  it is  received.   (Ord. 295-00.)
                                   1321.03  Transporting refuse from own
                                             place of business.
                                     Any person or agent transporting such refuse
                                   from  his  own  place  of business  to the  City
                                   incinerator shall  not  be required to obtain a
                                   license  as provided for in Chapter 1307, but
                                   shall have watertight,  fully enclosed receptacles,
                                   or a watertight fully  enclosed body on his ve-
                                   hicle  in  which  to  transport such  refuse,
                                    (§  19.10; Ord.  782-56.)

                                   1321.04  Mixing nonburnables  with
                                             burnables. (Repealed)
                                      (Repealed by Ordinance 511-59 passed April
                                   13, 1959.)

                                   1321.99  Penalty.
                                     \Vhocver violates this chapter shall be deemed
                                   guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not
                                   more than two  hundred dollars ($200.00) or
                                   imprisoned for not more than ten days, or both.
                                         92
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                                                                                        8
1323.01   Fees.
1323.02   Exemptions.
1323.03   Additional  Powers of Service
          Director.
     CHAPTER  1323
City Controlled  Landfills
                1323.04  Permit required.
                1323.05  Permit, fee; term of permit.
                1323.06  Permit suspension or revocation.
                                     Cross Reference.
                Appropriating land for garbage disposal—see Ohio R.  C. 719.01.
1323.01  Fees.
  Providing any person, agent or licensee shall
remove refuse to certain City-owned  landfills,
the  following fees shall be charged:
  (a)  No charge for refuse removed to City-
owned landfills hauled in privately owned auto-
mobiles.
  (b)  Charges for  the  disposal of refuse de-
livered  to City-owned landfills  by any  other
types of hauling equipment will  be at the rate
of fifteen  (15) cents per  one hundred  (100)
pounds; minimum charge one dollar fifty cents
($1.50).
  (c)  The  Director  of  Public  Service may
reject any materials that in his judgment are
unsuitable for landfill disposal  or which may
endanger  the  public  health or  safety.  (Ord.
449-70.)
1323.02  Exemptions.
  The Volunteers of America,  the  Salvation
Army and the Goodwill Industries shall,  \\hen
removing  rubbi>h to  City controlled  landfills,
be specifically  exempted from the charges pro-
vided in C. C.  1323 01. (§  19 18-1; Ord  1545-
57.)

1323.03  Additional Powers of Service
          Director.
  The Director of Public Service, in his opera-
tion and control of City-owned  landfills, shall
have the power to:
  (1)  Prohibit  dumping  of  refuse  by City
landfill permit holders whenever he determines
that the dumping of  refuse by  such persons on
a specific landfill will endanger the economical,
sanitary and healthful operation of that landfill.
  (2)  Prohibit dumping of any  refuse b\ City
landfill permit holders whenever he determines
               that a  specific City-owned landfill  is needed
               for the  exclusive  use of the City and is inade-
               quate to serve both the City and private haulers.
                  (3) Require all private haulers except those
               hauling in privately owned automobiles to ob-
               tain a City landfill permit from the Division of
               Sanitation in  order to remove refuse to City-
               owned  landfills.  (Ord.  144-67.)

                1323.04   Permit required.
                  Xo  person  shall  be  permitted  to remove
               refuse to City-owned landfills unless that refuse
               originated within the  City limits of  Columbus
               and said  person possesses  a valid City landfill
               permit.  (Ord  144-67.)


                1323.05   Permit, fee; term  of permit.
                  Every person desiring a City landfill permit
               shall make application  to the Director of  Pub-
               lic  Service through the  Division  of Sanitation,
               -125 Short  Street,  Columbus,  Ohio, on  such
               forms as  the Director  prescribes,  stating the
               applicant's  name, address,  truck  make  and
               license  number and such additional information
               as the Director may deem necessary.  Xo charge
                vsill be  made for the permit
                  Every  permit  issuev\er> granted to the
                Director.  ^Ord.  144-67.;

                1323.OG   Permit suspension or revocation.
                  Any  permit granted  or issued  under  this
               "chapter mav  ' e  suspended or revoked at any
                time hv  the  Director  upon  satisfactory proof
               of  luincomph.Mice v\nh  the provisions  of this
               chapter   (Ord  144-67  ;
                                                     93
 Aupust  1970 Replacement

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1325.01  Definitions.
1325.02  License required.
1325.03  Application, fee, term of license
         and bond.
1325.04  Operational requirements.
CHAPTER  1325
      Dumps
            1325.05  Prohibited practices.
            1325.06  Prohibition.
            1325.07  Inspection.
            1325.0S  License  suspension or revocation.
            1325.09  (Repealed by  Ord. 759-66)
                                        Cross  Reference.
                               Dumps prohibited-see ZON. 3349.01
1325.01   Definitions.
  For the purpose of this Chapter the following
definitions shall apply:
  (a) "Dump"  shall  mean any site used for the
disposal of solid, semi-solid  or liquid putrescible
or inert wastes, whether domestic or commercial,
by depositing the same thereon.
  (b) "Clean-fill"  shall mean earth and  inert
building  material  such as  concrete, brick  and
tile,  which may accumulate as a  result of con-
struction  or demolition operations  but  shall not
include garbage, lumber, paper, shingles or other
combustible or putrescible  materials.
  (c)  "Director"  shall mean the Director of the
Department  of Public Service of  the  City of
Columbus.
  (d) "Person" shall mean  person,  firm,  part-
nership,  corporation  or association.  (Ord.  907-
63.)

1325.02   License required.
  No person  shall  operate,  conduct  or  main-
tain  a dump  within the Cit> of Columbus, unless
it is a  valid  non-conforming  use of   property
under the Zoning Code and said person possesses
a valid  license to engage  in such  business o;
operation. Howe%er. nothing  in this ChapU-r  is
intended  to prohibit  the  deposit of clean hi! in
a manner not  prohibited bv any  other thaptei
of this Code.  (Ord.  967-63 )
               Penalty,  J 101.99

1325.03  Application, fee, term  of license
          and  bond.
   Every  person  desiring  a  license' shall make
application  to  the  Diiector  on such  forms as
the  Director prescribes,  st.itir.< fhe location of
the  dump, the name and address of all owners
of the properU,  the name and  address  of the
applicant, the proposed method of operation, the
equipment and personnel to be  used  and  such
additional information as  the Director mav deem
necessary and  each  application must be accom-
panied by a fee  of $25.00.  Evcrv license issued
hereunder shall  expire one \ear   subsequent to
the  d.»te  of issuance.
              The  application shall  be  accompanied  by  a
            bond given in  favor of  the  City  of Colurr.bus,
            Ohio,  in  the  amount of $1,500.00,  with surety
            or  sureties satisfactory  to the  Director, which
            surety  or  sureties shall  be either persons  resi-
            dents of Franklin County, Ohio,  or a surety com-
            pany authorized  to  do  business in  Ohio,  said
            bond providing  that said  applicant  shall  oper-
            ate said dump in strict compliance with  the pro-
            visions  of  the  Columbus City Codes, 1959, and
            that upon  the  cessation  of operations said dump
            shall be restored to a clean, sanitary and safe
            condition.  Said  bond shall be for the period of
            time of the license issued pursuant to this Chap-
            ter,  plus six  (6)  months  thereafter.   A  certified
            check in the amount of $1,500.00 payable to the
            City of Columbus. Ohio,  may be accepted by the
            Director  in  lieu of the  foregoing  bond.  The
            amount of the bond or check is to be paid to the
            City as stipulated or liquidated  damages in case
            of the  failure of licensee to perform as provided
            herein.  (Ord.  552-64.)

            1325.04   Operational requirements.
              Each dump  shall be  operated  in accordance
            with the following requirements:
              (a)  Location:  The location must be such that
            there  is  no probability  of the  dump  polluting
            or interfering  with  natural  watercourses.  T'ae
            Director ma\  require certification of the absence
            of such piobabihty by a competent  engineering
            firm, at the expense  of the applicant.
              (b^  Access:   Access  roads  shall  be   designed
            and constructed  so that traffic  thereon  will not
            he  interrupted  by ordinan   inclement  weathei
            and access shall be limited  to authorized per-
            sons bv (ffectheh fencing the site.  Access shall
            be completed  restricted  by  closing an  effective
            gate at the  entrance, except when  an attendant
            is oil  duty
              (c)   Facilities:  Toilet   facilities and  drinking
            u.iter  approved by  the  Director must  be avail-
            able on the site for the  use of employees.
              (d)  Communications:   Radio  or  telephone
            communication  facilities must  be  provided  at
            the dumping  site for  use in summoning  aid  in
                                         94
 August  1906 n<-plac?mrnt

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§1325.05
GARBAGE  AND RUBBISH  CODE
10
an emergency.
  (e)  Fire  protection:  Fire  protection  shall be
provided by  one of the following means or an
alternate method approved by the  Director:
  (1)  An adequate supply of \vater under pres-
sure available at the site  together with suitable
hose and nozzles
  (2)  A  stockpile  of  earth  maintained  close
enough to the working face sufficient to smother
anv fire that  mav occur at the dump.
  (f)  Unloading of wastes. Vnlo.iding  of  wastes
shall  bo controlled  bv  the  operator  to  assiuc
proper placement for required compaction  and
coveiing.
  (%)  Spreading  and  compacting:  Wastes de-
posited at the  dump shall be  spread  in a shal
low l.i) c-r which, when compacted will be ap-
proxiinatelv  two  (2)  feet  thick.   N'o more than
four  (-U  such  compacted lavers  shall  be de-
posited before  an earth fill is  added and a set-
ting period of 90 davs allowed.
  (h)  Dailv  cover  A laver  ot compacted earth
covering material at least  six (6)  inches in thick-
ness  shall  be  placed  o\er  all  exposed  wastes
by the end of each working d<-\.
  (i)  Intermediate Cover:  A laver of compacted
earth-covering  material at least  one (1) foot  in
thickness shall be  placed  dailv  on all working
surfaces  of the dump, except where  operations
will continue on  the following day.
  (j)  J-'in.il Cover.  A  laver of compacted earth-
covering material of  at   least two (2)  feet  in
thickness  shall  be  placed over  the entire  sur-
face of each  portion  of  the final  fill  not later
than (>"'• week  following  the final placement  of
wastes  in  that  portion.   The final  cover shall
then hv graded in  a  manner to prevent the for-
mation «>f water  pockets.
  (k)  Hlowiny  paper.  The  working  area shall
be  sulficientk   enclosed  b>  a  portable  snow-
fence  or othei  bnrner to prevent  the blowing
of paper from the woik,ng  area  and  the entire
surface of the  dump  site shall  be cleaned  of
loose  p.ipei at  least once  a dav.
  (1)  Dust  Control:  The  dump site and access
roads  .shall  be  watered,  oiled,  or  otherwise
treated whenevei necessarv to control dust.
                       (m)  Salvaging:  When salvaging  is permitted,
                    it shall be so organized as not to interfere with
                    prompt  and  sanitary  disposal  of  wastes.  All
                    salvaged  materials shall be  removed from the
                    dump  site bv the end  of each working  da>.
                       (n) Vector Control:  Supplemental  vector con-
                    trol measures such as spraying or baiting to elim-
                    inate insects and rodents  shall  be earned out
                    promptly by the operator whenever the Director
                    deems such measures necessary for the protection
                    of the public health and safetv. ^Ord. 967-63.)
                                    Penalty, * 101.99

                    1325.05   Prohibited practices.
                       Xo  pei son shall  cause,  permit or suffer any
                    of the follow ing on a dump  site:
                       (a) The deposit of sewage  solids  or liquids,
                    or hazardous materials;
                       (b) Am fires;
                       (c) The presence  of  any   domestic  animals;
                       (d) Dumping between the hour  of 6:30 P.M.
                    and  sunrise  from April  1 to September 31 and
                    between the hour of 5:00 P.M. and sunrise from
                    October  1 to March 31 of each calendar year.
                    (Ord. 967-63. Ord.  646-66; Ord. 759-66.)
                                    Penaltv, « 101.99

                    1325.06   Prohibition.
                       Xo person shall violate or  fail to comply with
                    anv-  provision of this Chapter.  (Ord. 967-63. '>
                                    Penalty, * 101.99

                    1325.07   Inspection.
                       The Director or his  authorized repiesentative
                    shall inspect each licensed  dump site as he mav
                    deem  necessarv,  but in no  case  less  frequent
                    than once in each six (6) months period  of oper-
                    ation,  in order  to  determine  compliance with
                    the provisions of  this Chapter. (Ord. 967-63,^
                    1325.08   License suspension or revocation.
                       Anvj   license  granted or  issued  under  this
                    Chaptei  mav 'oe  suspended  01 i evoked  at any
                    time by  the Dnector upon satisfactory proof ot
                    non-compliance with the provisions  of this Chap-
                    ter.  (Ord. SG7-63.)
                    1325.09   (Repealed by Ord.  759-66)
                                                        95
 Angus! 196fl

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     CITY  OF  COLUMBUS
OFFICE  OF  THE  CITY  CLERK
 ORD. No. 449-70—To amend section 1323.01
 of the Columbus City Codes, 1959, relative to
 landfill  dumping charges.
 WHEREAS, the Department of Public Service,
 Division of Sanitation, recommends this change
 in the Columbus City Code; now, therefore,
 BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF
 THE CITY OF COLUMBUS:
 Section  1. That Section 1323.01 of the Colum-
 bus  City  Codes,  1959,  be and  the same  is
 hereby amended to read  as follows:
 1323.01 Fees.
    Providing any person, agent or licensee shall
 remove  refuse to certain City owned landfills,
 the following fees shall be charged:
    (a)  No  charge for refuse  removed to City
 owned landfills hauled in privately owned auto-
 mobiles.
    (b)  Charges for the  disposal  of refuse de-
 livered  to  City-owned landfills by  any other
 types of hauling equipment will be at the rate
 of *(1) fifteen (15) cents per one hundred (100)
  pounds; minimum charge *(2) one dollar fifty
 cents ($1.50).
    (c)  The Director of Public Service may re-
  ject any materials that  in his  judgement  are
  unsuitable  for landfill disposal  or which may
  endanger the public health or safety.
  Section 2. That existing Section 1323.01 of the
  Columbus City Codes, 1959, be and the same
  is hereby repealed.
  Section 3. That this ordinance shall take effect
  and be  in force  from  and  after the  earliest
  period allowed by law.

    *(1)  ten (10)
    *(2)  one dollar ($1,00)

    Passed April 13, 1970.
       WILLIAM P.  HOERMLE,
         President of Council.
    Approved  April  13, 1970.
         M. E. SENSENBRENNER,  Mayor.
  Attest:  HELEN M. VAN HEYDE, City Clerk.
                     96

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                             CITY OF COLUMBUS
                       OFFICE  OF  THE CITY CLERK
ORD. NO.  1468-68 —To amend  Section
  1303.04  of  the  Columbus City Codes, 1959
entitled "Location of Receptacles,"  and to  de-
clare  an emergency.
  Whereas an emergency exists  in  the usual
daily  operation of the Division of Sanitation in
that it is necessary to enact this  legislation in
order to  preserve the public peace, health, safety
and welfare; and
  Whereas, it  is  necessary to  change  the re-
quirements  of the location of  receptacles, by
the residents of this  City  in order to facilitate
the collection  of refuse  by the  City  Division of
Sanitation, and
  Whereas, it is  necessary to  amend  Section
1303.04  of the  Columbus City  Code, 1959, in
order  to achieve  this purpose,  now, therefore,
  Be it ordained by  the Council of  the  City of
Columbus:
  Section  1. That Section  1303.04  be  and the
same is hereby amended and enacted to  read as
follows:
1303.01   Location  of Receptacles.
   (a) It shall be  the duty of  every  owner,  ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
of  any and every building, premises, or place of
business, in the City,  which docs not abut on an
alley,  or  which  abuts  an alley  which is  not
accessible  to  the City  Division  of  Sanitation
packer trucks or which is an unimproved alley,
to  place all  refuse that  is to  be collected, by
the City Division of  Sanitation, not  more than
three  (3)  feet from  the  curb  or curb  line in
front  of any and every such building, premises,
or  place of business, in  the City, at least  one-
half  (J-J)  hour before  the scheduled date  and
time  of  collection, but, said refuse  shall, in all
cases, be  kept outside  of any  fence, wall, en-
closure,  dwelling or building on the day of col-
lection.
    (b) It  shall be the  duty   of  every owner,
 tenant,  agent, lessee, occupant  and person in
charge of  any and every building,  promises or
 place of business, in the City, which abuts on
 any alley which is accessible to the City Division
 of Sanitation  packer trucks,  and which is im-
 proved,  to place all refuse that is to  be col-
 lected, by  the City Division of Sanitation, at the
 alley  edge line, or, not  more than three  (3) feet
 inside the property line  abutting said alley,  in
 the City, at  least one-half (Jj) hour before the
 scheduled  date and time of collection, but, in no
 event shall  such refuse  be placed  inside any
 area, enclosed  by a fence, wall,  or other en-
closure, including  any dwelling  or building on
the scheduled collection date and time, provided,
however, that at no time shall  the  above said
refuse be placed or stored, in such a manner, as
to obstruct  or hamper  the lawful use of any
alley or throughway.
   (c) At  no time, shall any  City Division  of
Sanitation employee go  beyond any  fence, wall,
gate, or any enclosure or into any dwelling  or
building,  for  the  purpose of removing  refuse
from any  such premises, building or dwelling.
   (d)  Paragraphs (a) through (c), above, shall
not apply to any of the types of  containers  or
situations described in Sections 1303.06, 1303.07
or 1303.11,  Columbus City Codes, 1959.
   (e)  It shall be the duty of  every  owner, ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
of any and  every building, premises, or place of
business, in the  City, whose refuse is not  placed
at the point or points of collection, at the  sched-
uled date and time of collection, as  set forth in
Chapter  1303,  Columbus City Codes, 1959, to
dispose of the uncollected refuse, at the sole ex-
pense  of  such owner, tenant, agent, lessee, oc-
cupant and  person in charge  of any and every
building,  premises, or place of  business  before
the time of  the  next regular scheduled date and
time of collection  or said refuse shall be  placed
at the point or  points  of collection, designated
in Chapter  1303,  Columbus City Codes, 1959,
by the next regularly scheduled date  and time
of collection.
   (f)  It shall be  the duty of every owner, ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in  charge
of any and every  building or premises,  in the
City to remove any and all  empty containers,
from  the points  mentioned in paragraph  (a)
above, before the  end of the  next day after the
day of actual collection  of said refuse.
   Sec. 2. That existing Section  1303.04, Colum-
bus City Codes, 1959, be and  the same is  hereby
repealed.
   Sec. 3. That for the reasons stated in the pre-
amble  hereto,  which is hereby  made   a part
 hereof, this Ordinance is  declared to  be  an
 emergency  measure and shall take effect  and be
 in force  from  and  after its passage  and  ap-
 proval by the Mayor.
   Passed November 25, 1968,
            WILLIAM P. HOERMLE,
                          President of Council.
   Approved November 25,  1968.
   M.  E.  SENSENBRENNER, Mayor.
   Attest: HELEN  M. VAN HEYDE, City Clerk.
                                          97

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                            CITY  OF  COLUMBUS
                      OFFICE  OF  THE  CITY  CLERK
ORD. No. 701-68—To amend Section 1303.07
  and enact Section  1303.11 of Columbus City
Codes, 1959, re: establishing fee to be charged
for collection and  rental of cubic yard  refuse
containers.
  Whereas,  there has never been established by
ordinance the rate to  be  charged for the  col-
lection of cubic  yard refuse containers and the
rental of city-owned  cubic yard refuse contain-
ers, and
  Whereas,  it has  been determined that  newly
constructed  apartment house  dwellings of  five
units or more shall provide cubic yard containers
of no less capacity than 3 cubic yards and apart-
ment  house dwellings  of more than  five units
shall provide cubic  yard containers at the  rate
of one cubic yard per two units, and said cubic
yard containers  mur approved by the Di-
rector of the Department of Public Service be-
fore they may be put into operation, now, there-
fore,
   Be it ordained by the Council of the City of
Columbus:
Section  1. That Section 1303.07 be  and it  is
hereby amended and  Section  1303.11  of  Co-
lumbus City Codes,  1959, is hereby  enacted to
read as follows:
1303.07   Collection From Businesses:  Ad-
          ditional Collections.
   It shall be the duty of  any  person operating
or in charge of any grocery, meat or fowl store,
restaurants, club*, hotel':,  institutions, associa-
tions, or any place of business having an accu-
mulation  amounting  to more  than one  thirtv-
gallon receptacle o[  u fux1  J?-  provided in  C.C.
1303.02  during a period of one week  or between
the interim  of the regular  residential collection
u{  such  refuse  by   the Department  of  Public
Service to remove  or cause to be removed  such
accumulation to the  refuse landfill* of the  City
or  an)   recognized  disposal facility.  An\  such
jx'rxm may  enter into contract with the Director
of Public Sen ice for such additional collection
and disposal at a charge of: One Dollar ($1.00)
per cubic yard.  Any  person  may  enter into a
contract  with  the Director  of Public Service
for additional  collections for apartment houses
in addition to the regular weekly collection and
disposal at a like charge of One Dollar ($1.00)
per cubic yard.
  The charge for the rental  of the* below  listed
cubic yard containers owned by the City, shall
be  as follows plus  any charge  of  $1.00 per
cubic yard for collection.
                     Cubic  Yard
     Type of Box
Uaybrook — Roto-Pac
Dempster-Dumpster
1303.11
                                  Rate Per
                         Size       Month
                          3          5.75
                          4          6.50
                          5          8.00
                          6          9.66
                          3          6.70
                          6          9.5S
                          10         16.03
                          12         13.96
          Apartment House  Cubic  Yard
          Containers
  Any newly  constructed apartment  dwellings
of five units or  more shall provide cubic yard
containers of no leso capacity than 3 cubic jards
and upwards at the rate  of one cubic yard per
every  two apartment units. All such cubic yard
containers and their  location must be. approved
by the Director  of Public Service through the
Division  of Sanitation before they are put  into
operation.
  Sec. 2. That existing Section 1303.07, Colum-
bus City  Codes, 1959, be and is hereby repealed.
  Sf-c. 3. That this  ordinance shall  take effect
and be  in force  from  and after  the  earliest
period allowed by  law.
  Passed June 3, 1968.
          WILLIAM P.  HOEKMLE,
                         President of Council.
  Approved June 3,  196ft.
           M.  E.  SEMSENBKE.\\EK, Mayor.
  Attest: HELEN M. VAN HEYDE, City Clerk.
                                    98

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                 APPENDIX B

OHIO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL LAWS, REGULATIONS,
    CODES, AND SUGGESTED MODEL ORDINANCES
                      99

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     OHIO
 SOLID WASTE
   DISPOSAL
   LAW AND
REGULATIONS
      1970
£>HIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

  450 EAST TOWN STREET

    COLUMBUS, OHIO
       100

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FORE10RO

    The Ohio Department  of Health has prepared  this  booklet  for the convenience of those -con-
cerned with  or  interested in the statuatory law and regulations which govern  and  regulate the
disposal of  solid wastes.
     Ibe Solid  Wastes  Disposal  Act was passed by the 107th Ohio General  Assembly in 1967.   The
Regulations,  required by the Act. were  adopted by the Public Health  Council in May.   1968.
     Portions of the law and regulations pertaining to plans for new sites and  facilities be-
came effective  July 1,  19f>8.  Licensing requirements became effective January 1, 1969 and limi-
tations on open burning and open dumping  carried  an  effective date of July  1, 1969.
     Enforcement of the  law, including  licensing  and inspecting,  is  a function of  the  local
h?a!ti: deportr.ent.  Site  investigation,  plan approvals,  surveys of  local health department pro-
graos and technological  consultation are  responsibilities  of  the Ohio Department of  Health.

                                 OHIO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL LAS

Section 3734.01  Definitions.
     As used in sections 3734.01  to 3734.11.  inclusive, of  the Revised  Code:
     (A) "Board of health" deans the board of  health of a city or  general health  district,  or
the authority having the duties of a board of health  in any  city as authorized by  section
3709.05 of the  Revised Code.
     (B) "Director" means the director  of the department of health.
     (C) 'Health district" means a city  or general health district as created by  or  under au-
thority of Chapter 3709.  of  the  Revised Code.
     (D) "Public health  council" means  the public  health council as created  by section 3701.33
of the Revised  Code.
     (E) "Solid wastes"  means such unwanted residual  solid  or semisolid material  as  results from
industrial,  commercial,  agricultural,  and community operations,  excluding earth or material from
construction, mining,  or demolition operations  and  slag  and other substances which are not harm-
ful or inimical to public health, and includes garbage,  combustible and noncombustible material,
street dirt,  and debris.
     (F) "Solid waste  disposal"  means final disposition  of solid wastes  by means  acceptable under
regulations  adopted by the public health council under section 3734.02 of the Revised  Code.
     (G) "Person" means  the  state,  any  political subdivision,  public or private  corporation, in-
dividual, partnership, or other  entity.
     (H) "Open burning" means the burning of solid  wastes in an open area  or  burning of solid
wastes in  a  type of chamber  or  vessel v.hich is  not  approved in regulations adopted by  the public
health council.
     (I) "Open duir.ping" neons the  depositing of solid wastes into  a body or stream of  water or
onto the surface of the  Around  without  compacting  the wastes  and covering with  suitable  material
toadeptn as prescribed  b\ regulations  adopted by the public health  council under  section 3734.02
of thd R(,", ised  Code.

Section 37;M.O-i  Public  health  council  regulations.
     (A) The public  healtn  council, subject  to  sections 119.01  to 119.13, inclusive,  of the Re-
vised  Code,   shall adopt, regulations having  uniform  application throughout  the state governing
solid  taste  disposal  sites and  facilities and  the  inspections and   issuance of licenses for all
solid  waste  disposal  sites  and facilities,  in  order to assure that such sites and facilities
will be located, maintained, and operated in a sanitary manner so as not to create a nuisance,
cause  or contribute to water pollution,  or create  a health hazard.   Such regulations shall not
concern or  relate to personnel policies,  salaries, wa^es,  fringe benefits,  or other conditions
of  employment  of employees of persons owning or  operating  solid waste disposal sites and
facilities.
      (B) The director  shall  prescribe and  furnish the application for license,inspect ion record,
and  other forms  necessary to administer  and enforce sections 3734.01  to 3734.11.   inclusive, of

                                                    101

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the Revised  Code.
     (C) No person shall establish a solid waste disposal site or facility after the  effective
date of the regulations adopted by the public  health  council under section 3734.02 of the Re-
vised Code without first submitting to and having approved by the director detail plans of the
site, facility,  and method of  operation.
     (D) Sections  3734.01 to  3734.11,  inclusive, of the Revised  Code  and regulations adopted
pursuant thereto are not applicable to single  family  residential  premises or to the temporary
storage of  solid wastes prior to their collection for disposal or  to  the collection of solid
wastes by a political subdivision or  a person  holding a franchise or license from a political
subdivision of the state.


Section 3734.03  Open dumping  and open burning.                                       ,
     One year  following  the  effective date of regulations initially adopted by  the public health
council under section 3734.02 of the Revised Code, all  open  dumping and open burning shall bt
conducted only under  such conditions as prescribed by such regulations.

Section 3734.04  Inspection, licensing, and  enforcement.
     The board of health of each district shall provide for the inspection, licensing, and en-
forcement of sanitary standards  for solid waste disposal facilities and sites  in conformity with
sections 3734.01 to 3734.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code.

Section 3734.05  License required; transfer; approval of plans.
     (A) No person shall operate or  maintain a  solid  waste disposal  site or  facility after Jan-
uary 1, 19G9,  without a license  issued by the  board  of health of the health district in which
such site or facility  is located.
     (B) During the month of December, but before the first  of January  of the  next year, every
persor. proposing to continue tr operate  an  existing solid waste  disposal site  or facility shall
procure a license to operate such site or facility  for  such year from the  board  of health of
the health  district in which the site or facility is  located.  A  person who has received a  li-
cense,  upon sale or disposition of a solid  waste disposal site or  facility may,  upon consent  of
the board of health and the  director,  have the  license transferred to another person.
     (C) Each person proposing to open a new solid  waste disposal  site or facility  shall  submit
plans and specifications to  the department of health for  required  approval under the regulations
adopted by  the  public health  council  pursuant  to section 3734.02 of the  Revised Code at least
sixty days  before proposed  operation of  the site or facility and  concurrently  make application
for  a  license with the board of health  of  the health district in  which the proposed site  or
facility is to be located.

Section 3734.06  Fee,  special  fund.
     (A)  The  annual  fee  for the  license  required by  section  3734.05 of the Revised Code shall
not  exceed  fi\e hundred dollars and  shall be  paid at the  time  application  is made for a license.
Such fee  includes the cost of licensing  and  all inspections.   The  board  of health may exempt the
state  and any political subdivision  of the  state  from  the payment  of the annual  license fee.
     (B)  The  license fees  shall be paid into  a special fund which is hereby created in each
health  district  and shall be  used only by the  board of health for the  purpose of administering
and  enforcing sections  3734.01 to 3734.11,  inclusive, of the Revised  Code and the  regulations
adopted thereunder.

Section 3734.07  Inspection; certification;  right of  entry.
     (A)  Before  a  license is  initially issued  and annually thereafter,  or more  often  if neces-
sary.the board of health shall cause each solid waste  disposal facility  and site to be inspected
and  a  record  to  he made of  each  such  inspection, und require  each solid waste disposal facility
and  site  in the health  district  to  satisfactorily  conply with sections 3734.01 to  3734.13,  in-
clusive, of the Revised Code.


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     (B) Within thirty days after the issuance of a license, the board of health shall  certify
to the director that  the  solid waste  facility  or  site  has been  inspected  and  is  in  satisfactory
compliance with  sections 3734.01 to 3734.11.  inclusive, of the Revised Code.   Each board of
health shall provide the director  with  such other information  as  he may require from  time to
time.
     (C) The  board of health or  its authorized  representative and the director or his authorized
representative, upon  proper identification and upon  stating  the purpose  and necessity of an in-
spection, may  enter  any  solid waste  disposal  site or facility at  any reasonable time  for the
purpose  of making inspections required by division (A) of this section.

Section 3734.08  Annual survey;  approved list;   administrated by director.
     (A) The  uiieciui  »'udll aurvc-y  annually  each  health district,  licensing solid wa^t" disposal
sites and facilities as  provided by  section 3734.05 of  the Revised Code to  determine  whether*
there is substantial  compliance  with sections  3734.01 to  3734.11,  inclusive,of the Revised Code,
and upon deter™ :r.ir.g  that  ther1  is substantial  compliance, shall place such health district upon
an approved iisi.   The director  sliall make a resurvcy shcn in his opinion such is necessary, and
shall reoove  from the approved  list any health district not substantially complying with sections
3734.01 to 3734.11. inclusive, of the Revised Code.
     (B) If after a survey or  resurvey  is  made as provided by this  section, the director deter-
mines that a  health district  is not eligible  to  be placed on  the approved list or to continue
on such list,  he shall certify such fact to the beard of health of  the health district  and the
director shall administer  and enforce  sections 3734.01  to  3734.11,  inclusive,  of the  Revised
Code, in such health district until such time  as the health district  is  placed on the approved
list, \\henever  the director is so required  to administer and enforce sections  3734.01 to 3734.11,
inclusive.of  the Revised  Code,  in any health district,  he  is hereby vested with all the authority
and all the duties granted to  or imposed  upon  a board  of  health by  sections 3734.01 to 3734.11,
inclusive, of the Revised Code,  in  such health  district.   All fees required to be paid to aboard
of health by  section 2734.06 of the Revised Code  and all previous  fees paid  to the  board whicn
have not been expended or encumbered shall be  paid to the director  and by him deposited in the
state treasury to the credit  of a special  fund to be used by him for the purpose  of administer-
ing and enforcing sections 3734.01 to 3734.11,  inclusive,  of the Revised Code.

Section 3734.09  Suspension,  revocation, denial of license; hearing, appeal.
     The board of health of a health district  in which a solid waste  disposal facility  or site
is located may suspend,  revoke,  or  deny  a license  for  violation of  sections 3734.01 to 3734.11,
inclusne,  of the Revised  Code.  Unless there  is  an immediate  serious public health hazard, no
suspension,  revocation, or denial of  a license  shall be made effective until  the operator of the
solid »astc  disposal  facilit>  has been  given notice  in writing  of the specific  violations and  a
reasonable time to make corrections.
     Bffoie the board of  health may suspend,  revoke, or  deny a  license  to a  political  subdivi-
sion, it shall  afford the political subdivision a  hearing to which time thepolitical  subdivision
may present  evidence  concerninu its financial  ability  to  comply with the regulations adopted  by
the public health council  pursuant to section 3734.02 of the Revised Code.   Such  evidence may
include and the board of health shall consider the existing  limitations  on the  taxing power and
debt Imitations of the  political subdivision, the extent to which the  political subdivision is
levying  taxes  and  has  incurred debt, and the  other governmental and proprietary needs of the
political subdivision as such needs affect its remaining  authority to levy taxes and incur debt
to comply with the regulations adapted by  the  public health council.  After considering the evi-
dence the board of health may  grant the political  subdivision a conditional license to operate  a
solid  Haste disposal site  or  facility,  without  full compliance  with the  regulations adopted by
the  public health council and establish a reasonable time for full  compliance by said political
subdi\isiun.  which time may be extended by the  board of health from  time  to time for good cause.
Appial  from miy  suspension, revocation,  or denial of a license shall be made  in accordance with
sect ums 110.01 to 119.13, incliiMve,  of the Revised Code, where such action  is proposed by the
director, and in accord ince with Chapter  250G.  of  the Revised Code when such  action is taken  by

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a board of health.

Section 3734.10  Prosecution;  injunction.
     The prosecuting attorney of the county or the  city  solicitor  or  attorney  of the city,  upon
complaint of the respective  board of health  of the health district or the director, shall  prose-
cute to  termination or bring an action  for injunction  against any  person  violating sections
3734.01  to 3734.11,  inclusive, of the Revised Code.  The common pleas court in which  an  action
for injunction is filed has the jurisdiction to grant  injunctive relief  upon a showing that  the
respondent named in  the petition is operating a solid  waste  disposal  site or facility  in  viola-
tion of  sections 3734.01 to  3734.11.  inclusive, of the Revised Code.

Section  3734.11  Prohibition;  willfully hindering.                                 *
     (A)  No person  shall violate  sections 3734.01 to 3734.11.  inclusive,  of the Revised Code, •: •
the regulations adopted thereunder.
     (8)  Nu person  shall  refuse  entry to  a board of health or its  authorized representatives o;
the director  or his authorized representatives,  as  authorized by section  3734.07 of the Revised
Code,  or  otherwise  willfully hinder or thwart the board or its authorized representatives  or  the
director or his authorized representatives in the exercise of any authority, or performance of
any duty  under sections 3734.01 to 3734.11. inclusive,  of the Revised  Code.

Section  3734.99  Penalty.
     Whoever violates  section 3734.01,  3734.02. 3734.03, 3734.04.  3734,05. 3734.06.  3734.07,
3734.08.  3734.09,  3734.10 or 3734.11 of the Revised Code chall be fined not more than  one hun-
dred dollars  for each day  that such  violation  is continued.

                             OHIO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL  REGULATIONS
CHAPTER UK-24
     Regulations HE-24-01 to HE-24-12,  inclusive,  of the Ohio  Sanitary Code, relative  to  the
disposal of solid wastes.
     Authority:  Sections  3734.01 to 3734.11,  inclusive,  of the Revised Code.

HE-24-01.  Definitions.
     As used in regulations HE-24-01 to HE-24-12, inclusive, of the Ohio Sanitary Code:
      (A)  "Board of Health"  means the board of health  of a city or general  health district, or
the authority having the duties of aboard of health in any city as authorized by section 3709.05
of the Revised Code.                      •
      (B) "Composting" is the controlled biological decomposition of solid organic waste material
under  acrcbic conditions.
      (C) "D.rector" means the director of the  Ohio  Department of Health.
      (D)  "Facility"  means any device, mechanism,  or equipment used for conversion,  or incinera-
tion of  solid  wastes other  than  solid wastes  produced on the premises on which  the  facility is
located.
      (E)  "Health Coiraissioner" means the person occupying the office created by  section 3709.11
and section  3709.14  of the Revised  Code,  or his authorized representative.
      (F)  'Health district"  means a city  or general health district  as  created  by  or  under au-
thority  of Chapter 3709. of the Revised  Code.
      (G) "Incinerator" is a chamber, vessel, device,  apparatus,  or  structure designed to burn
solid  wastes under controlled, nuisance-free conditions  and  at  a relatively  high temperature for
the purpose of reducing the combustible  components to an  inert residue reasonably free  of organic
material  and which can be readily disposed of.
      (H) "Opon burning" means the  burning of solid wastes  in an  open area  or burning of solid
wastes in  a  type of  chamber or vessel which is not  approved  in  regulations adopted by  the  public
health counril.
      (I) "Open dumping" moans the  depositing of solid wastes into a body or stream of water or
onto the surface of  the ground without  compacting the  wastes and covering with suitable material

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toadepth as prescribed by regulations  adopted by the  public  health council  under  section 3734.02
of the Revised Code.
     (J) "Person" means the state,  any  political  subdivision,  public or private corporation,  in-
dividual, partnership,  or other entity.
     (K) "Sanitary landfill"  is  a method  of  disposing of solid wastes on land without  creating
nuisances or hazards to public health by utilizing the principles of  engineering to  confine  the
solid wastes to the smallest  practical  area, to reduce the solid wastes to the smallest practical
volune and to cover such Bastes.
     (L) "Site" means  any  location, place, or tract  of land used  for  stabilization,  conversion,
utilization,  incineration, or burial of  solid wastes other than those solid wastes  produced on
the premises.
     ('.:; "Solid ~cL3t£3" r.ear.s such unwar.ted residual  solid ui  semisolid material  as results from
                                                                                           «
industrial, commercial, agricultural,  and community operations, excluding earth or material from
construction, mining, or demolition operations and slag and other substances which are not harm-
ful or inimical to public health, and includes garbage,  combustible and nonconibustible material,
                  „ 1 -- - -
     (N) "Solid waste disposal" means final disposition of solid wastes by means acceptable under
regulations adopted by the public health council under section 3734.02 of the Revised Code.
     (Adopted May 18. 1963;  effective July 1.  1968.)

HE- 24-02.  Interpretation of adjectives and adverbs.
     For the purpose of determining the adequacy of  city  and  general  health districts, which  pro-
cedure  is provided for by section 3734.08 of the Revised Code, all adjectives and adverbs such as
acceptable, accessible, adequate, detrimental, hazardous, operational, practicable, satisfactorily,
thoroughly, or  suitable,  used  in Chapter HE-24 of the Ohio Sanitary Code,  to  qualify  a person,
site,  facility, device,  mechanism,  equipment,  or structjre,  shall  be  as  determined by the
director.
     (Adopted May 18,  1968: effective July 1, 1968.)

HE-24-03.  License required.
     Application for  a license to operate a solid waste  disposal site  or facility after January
1,1969  shall be made  and  the license issued in accordance with sections 3734.01 to  3734.11,  in-
clusive, of the Revised Code.
     (Adopted May 18, 1968; effective July 1, 1968.)

HE-24-04.  Location  of sites and  facilities --  general.
     (A) Solid  waste  disposal  sites and  facilities  shall not be  located in areas where they con-
stitu'e a  hazard to  the quality of the ground water or surface water resources  or create a health
hazard.
     (B") No person shall  place or dispose of solid  wastes in any ditch, stream, river, lake, pond,
or v..t!'-^r *atercoiirse, except those waters v.hich do  not combine or effect a junction with natural
suru.c>- 01 undergrou-.a v.a*ers, or upon the  banks thereof where  the same  is liable  to be washed
 into i!o vat or  by ordinary  flow or  annual floods.  This division does not apply to the placing
of ar.\  ^ul'st ar.ce under air.hority  of a pernit  issued by the water pollution  control board.
     tC) A solid v.aste disposal site or  facility  shall not be located  in an area where operation
would  result  in pollution of the  air in  excess of the  air quality standards established for that
 area by the air pollution control board  pursuant  to section 3704.03 of the Revised  Code.   This
division does not apply to operations conducted  under the'~authority of  a permit issued  by the
 air pollution control board.
      (Al.pted May  18.  1968, effective July  1.  1968.)

 IIK-24-in.   Disposal  methods.
     Methods  for the  disp, sal. destruction, stabilization,  conversion, or  utilization of solid
 wastes >!.all  he by the following  approved methods or any combination thereof:
      (A) Sanitary  landfill

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     (B) Use of an incinerator
     (C) Composting
     (D) Garbage feeding  to  swine and poultry
     (E) Other methods not covered by Chapter HE-24 of the  Ohio Sanitary Code,  and  which  nay  be
developed and  demonstrated  to  be capable  of fulfilling the basic requirements for minimizing
potential for  pollution  of  surface water  or ground water,  or creation of a nuisance or  health
hazard, and which have been approved by the director  after having been  thoroughly  investigated
by the department of health.  Plans for any  such methods shall be  submitted to the department  of
health for approval as required by  division  (C) of  section 3734.05 of the Revised Code.
     (Adopted  May 18. 1968;  effective July 1,  1968.)

HE-24-06.  Limited and prohibited  disposal methods.                                    ,
     (A) One  year following the effective date of  Chapter  HE-24 of the  Ohio Sanitary  Code,  all
open dumping  is prohibited except when specifically approved by and under conditions acceptable
to the  board  of health and conducted in accordance with plans approved by the director.  Limit-
ing conditions under  which open dumping may be permitted shall be clearly stated on the  license
required by Chapter 3734. of the Revised Code.
      (B) One  year following the effective date of  Chapter  HE-24 of the  Ohio Sanitary  Code,  all
open burning  is prohibited except when specifically approved by and under conditions acceptable
to the  board  of health and conducted in accordance with plans  approved by the director.   Limiting
conditions  under which open burning may be permitted  shall be clearly stated on the license re-
quired  by Chapter 3734.  of the Revised Code.
      (Adopted May 18, 1968;  effective July 1,  1968.)

HF-24-07.   Sanitary  landfill site approval.
     A person planning to establish,  expand, or significantly alter a sanitary landfill  or con-
vert an open  ilunip operation to  a sanitary landfill  shall  submit  plans, inforaation, and specifi-
cation  relative to  the site to the director  for  approval.   Such plans, information, and specifi-
cations shall be prepared in a manner acceptable to the director  in detail sufficient to assure
that a sanitary landfill operated  at such site will not  create a nuisance or health hazard,  or
cause  or contribute  to pollution of the surface  water or  ground water.
      (Adopted May 18. 1968;  effective July 1.  1968. )

RE-24-08.   Sanitary  landfill planning.
    Information, plans and specifications pertinent to the design,  operation,  maintenance,  ex-
pansion,  or significant  alteration  of a  sanitary  landfill or conversion  of  an  open  dump to a,
 sanitary landfill,  shall be submitted to the director  for  approval at least sixty  (60) days
 before proposed operation of  the site, and shall  be  commensurate with  the scope of the opera-
 tion,  location, physical and  health  hazards involved, and shall  be prepared in a manner satis-
 factory to  the director.
      (Adopted May 18,  1968; effective July  1. 1968.)

 KE-24-09.   Sanitary  landfill  operation.
      (A) All operations  of  the sanitary landfill shall be  in  accordance with  the approved plans
 and specifications.
      (B) The operator shall not permit access to the sanitary landfill site  except when operating
 personnel  are on the site,  and shall not  permit loitering at any  time.
      (C) Unloading of solid wastes on the site  shall  be  confined to the smallest practical area
 and shall  be  under the  supervision of competent operating personnel.   Portable  fences shall be
 used when  necessary to prevent litter blowing from the unloading  area.
      The operational portion  of the  sanitary landfill and  the surrounding  area shall  be  policed
 ES necessary to collect  all scattered litter.
      (D) Equirncnt adequate in size  and  quantity,  and in operational condition,  shall  be avail-
 able at the site at all  times  to operate the sanitary landfill  according  to  the approved plan.
 Adequate provisions shall  be  made  by the  operator for servicing, maintaining,  and repairing

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equljtient.
     (£) As solid waste is admitted to the site,  it shall be spread as soon as'practicable and
compacted in layers the depth of which depends on  the type  of  solid wastes and the compaction
equipment.   The  layers  shall be well compacted.
     (F) Cover material  shall be of earth or other material acceptable to the health  commissioner
and shall be applied  at  the end of each day's operation or more  frequently when necessary, unless
otherwise provided in the  plan  approved by the director,  and at a compacted  depth so as  to pre-
vent insect  and  rodent  attraction, breeding,and emergence;   blowing litter;  release of  offensive
odors;  fire  hazards;  unsightly  appearance  and which will permit minimal percolation of   surface
water.
     (G) The completed sanitary landfill  shall be  graded to  serve its intended purpose and com-
pleted in accordance  with  the approved plans and specifications.
     (H) Sewage  solids arid liquids,  and other liquid or  hazardous substances in quantities con-
sidered by  the  supervisor of the operation of the sanitary landfill to be detrimental to the
normal operation of the sanitary landfill shall not be deposited in  that portion of a sanitary
landfill used principally  for the disposal of snlid wastes resulting from cornsunity operations.
Such substances  and  similar  industrial wastes may be deposited on a separate area of  a solid
waste disposal site in a manner described  in plans approved by the  director.
     (I) All necessary  operations of  the  sanitary landfill  shall  be carried out promptly in  a
systematic manner so  conditions are unfavorable  for the  harborage and production of insects  and
rodents.  Supplemental effective vector control measures  shall be  initiated  immediately by the
operator when deemed  necessary  by the  health commissioner.
     (J) Salvaging shall  not be  conducted except  with the written  approval of  and in a manner
acceptable to the health commissioner  and  approved  in plans submitted to the director.
     (K) The operator  shall exclude live  domestic and farm animals from the  operating  area of
the sanitary landfill site.
     (L) Arrangements shall be made for adequate fire protection.
     (II) Solid *aotes v»hj ch are burning or are at  a  temperature likely  to cause fire or are of  a
highly  flammable or explosive nature shall not be deposited  in the  operating area  of the  sani-
tary landfill.  Such  material shall br deposited in  a separate location at a sufficient distance
from the operating face of the  sanitary landfill to prevent  fires  from spreading to the normal
fill area and shall be  in-mediately covered with a  sufficient amount of earth or other material
necessary to prevent  explosion  and  to  extinguish or prevent  fire.
     (N) The  operator  shall maintain  a daily log  of information pertinent  to the  operation of
the sanitary landfill.   A  copy  of the  plans and  specifications  as  approved by the director, the
log, and a  plan  of the  completed sanitary landfill shall be on file  and  shall  be  available to
the director and the  health commissioner upon request.
     (0) A  sanitary  landfill shall be operated  under the close supervision  of responsible  in-
dividuals fcho are thorou;-nly familiar with the approved  plans, specifications,  and operational
procedures  for that sanitary landfill.
     (Adopted May 18.  1968. effectixe  July 1. 1968.)

HE-24-10.   Incineration.
     (A) Information,  plans, and specifications  pertinent to the design,  operation,  and  main-
tenance of  an incinerator to be  constructed and  operated after  the effective  date of  Chapter
HE-24 of the Ohio Sanitary Code,  shall be submitted to the director for approval at least  sixty
(60) days prior to the construction and operation  of the facility, and shall  be  commensurate
with the  scope  of the  operation, location, physical  and health hazards involved,and shall be
prepared in a manner  satisfactory to the director.
     (B) An incinerator shall be  operated  under the  close  supervision of responsible individuals
who are  thoroughly familiar with  the approved plans, specifications, and the operating instruc-
tions of the designer.
     (C) An incinerator shall  be operated so  that the resulting residue will  be substantially
free of orp;mic  and putrescible material  and that pollution of the air will not exceed  the  air
quality standards established for the area by the  air pollution control  board pursuant  to sec-

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tlon 3704.03 of the Revised Code.  This division  does  not  apply to operations conducted under
the authority of a permit  issued by the air pollution control board.
     (D) The site for  and  method of incinerator residue disposal shall be approved by the direc-
tor in order to assure that  the method  of  disposal  will  not  create  a nuisance,  cause or  contri-
bute to water pollution, or  create a health hazard.
     (Adopted May 18.  1968;  effective July 1. 1968.)

HE-24-11.  Composting.
     (A) Information,plans,and  specifications pertinent to the design,maintenance,  and operation
of a composting facility  to be constructed  and  operated after the effective date of Chapter
HE-24  of the Ohio Sanitary Code, shall  be  submitted to the director for approval at least sixty
 (6C) days  prior to the construction and operation  of  the  facility, and shall be  commensurate
 with the scope  of operation,  location, physical,  and health hazards involved and shall  tie  pre-
pared  in a manner satisfactory to the director.
      (B) A composting facility  shall  be  operated under the  close  supervision of  responsible
 individuals who are thoroughly familiar with the  approved plans, specifications, and operational
procedures.
     (C) Solid  wastes intended for  composting  shall be maintained  in  a condition  free  of  nui-
 sance,  insects, and rodents prior to, during, and after  the  composting  operation.
     (Adopted May  18.  19GS;  effective July 1, 1968.)

 HE-24-12.  Garbage feeding to swine  and poultry.
      (A) Sites  and facilities  for feeding garbage to swine  and poultry  shall be constructed and
 operated in accordance with sections 942.01 to 942,13,  inclusive,  of  the  Revised Code  and the
 regulations adopted pursuant  thereto.
      (B) Such sites antl facilities  are exempt  from sections  3734.01 to 3734.11.  inclusive, of
 the  Revised Code and  the  regulations adopted pursuant thereto.
      (Adopted May 18.  1968; effective  July  1.  1968.)
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                                  OHIO REVISED  CODE
                                        CHAPTER 343
                        COUNTY GARBAGE  AND REFUSE DISPOSAL DISTRICTS

343.01  Garbage and refuse disposal  districts and systems;  engineers; bonds and notes; regula-
tions;  prohibitions.
343.02  Jurisdiction over  garbage and refuse disposal district.
343.03  Garbage  and refuse disposal districts which include  territory of municipal  corporations.
3-53.04  General  plan for garbage and refuse disccsal district.
343.05  Adoption of  improvement resolution.                                                  t
343.06  Improvement to begin after lapse of ten days of disposition by court.
343.07  Payment  of  cost of improvement.
343.08  Rates and charges; contract with municipal corporation,
343.99  Penalty.

343.01  Garbage and refuse disposal  districts and systems;  engineers; bonds and notes; regula-
tions;  prohibitions.

     (A) Any board  of  county  coroissioners  may,  by resolution,  lay out.  establish   and maintain
one or more garbage and refuse disposal districts within its  respective county, and may cause
such surveys as are necessary  to be made by a competent sanitary engineer,  for the  determination
of the proper boundaries  of such districts.  The boundaries of any such district  may include the
entire county, nay  be  revised  from time  to  time,  and nay  include a part  or all of  the  territory
within a municipal  corporation v,hen authorized by ordinance  of the legislative authority  of  such
municipal corporation.   Each  such  district  shall be designated by an appropriate  name or  number.
The board may acquire, by  purchase or  lease, construct, improve, enlarge, replace,  maintain,  and
operate such  garbage  and  refuse  collection systems within any such district and such garbage
and refuse disposal plants ard facilities within or without any such  district as  are  necessary
for the protection  of  the  public health.
     The sanitary engineer or sanitary engineering department  of such county  shall,  in addition
to other duties assigned tc such  engineer  or department,  assist the board  in  the performance  of
its duties under sections  343.01 to 343.08,  inclusive, of the Revised Code, and shall be  charged
with such other duties and services  in relation  thereto  as  the  board prescribes.   The  board may
employ registered professional engineers to assist the sanitary engineer in such duties  and the
board may also employ  financial ad\ isers and  such  other professional services  as  it deems neces-
sary to assist  it in the construction,  financing,  and maintenance  of garbage  and refuse  collec-
tion or disposal facilities.   Such  contracts of employment shall not require the  certificate
provided in section 5705.41 of the Revised  Code.  Pavnent for such services may be  made from the
general fund  or  any other fund legally available  for  such use  at  such times  as  are  agreed  upon
or as determined by the  board,  which funds  may be  reimbursed from the proceeds of bonds or notes
issued to pay lie cost of  an;.  ir;>rc\ement to which such services related.
     The board may issue bonds or bond anticipation notes of the county to pay the cost  of  pre-
pari..^  general  s'A detailed  plans and other data required for the construction of  garbage and
refuse  disposal  facilities.   Such bonds and notes shall  be issued in accordance with sections
133.01  to  133.65,  inclusive,  of  the Revised Code,  except  that the maximum maturity  of bonds
issufd  for  such purpose  shall not exceed  ten years.   Bond  anticipation notes may be paid  from
the proceeds  of bonds  issurd  either  to pay the cost  of such garbage and refuse disposal  facili-
ties or to pay the  cost  of such plans  and other data.
     The board may  make,  publish,  and  enforce rules  and  regulations for the construction, main-
tenance, protection,  and  use of  garbage and refuse collection and disposal  facilities.   Such
rules and regulations  shall not be inconsistent  with the  rules  and regulations of the department
of health.   No  garbage  and refuse disposal .system plant  or facilities shall be constructed  in
any county  outside municipal  corporations  by any person, firm, or corporation  until the plans
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and specifications  for such plant or facilities have been  approved b.y the board.  Such construc-
tion shall  be  done  under  the supervision of the county sanitary engineer,  and any person,  firm,
or corporation, proposing or constructing  such improvements,  shall pay to the county  all  ex-
penses incurred by  the board  in  connection  therewith.  The sanitary engineer may enter upon any
public or private property for  the  purpose  of making surveys or examinations necessary  for the
laying out  of  garbage and refuse disposal districts or for designing disposal plants or facili-
ties.  No person,  firm,  or corporation  shall  forbid or interfere with the sanitary engineer or
his  authorized assistants entering upon such property for such purpose.  The board shall,  if
actual damage  is  done to  property by the making of such surveys and  examinations,pay  the reason-
able value  of  such  damage to the owner  of the  property damaged, and such cost shall  be included
in the financing  of the  improvement for which such surveys and  examinations are made.
   . Tiif board ;r,ay  enter  into a contract with  any individual, partnership, or  private  corporation
for the operation and maintenance of any such  facilities,  regardless of whether such facilities
are owned or leased by the county or the contractor.
     (B> No person  shall  tamper  with or damage  any  garbage and refuse disposal plant or facili-
ties constructed  under sections  :U3.G1 to 343.05,  inclusive,  of the  Revised Code, or  ar.y appara-
tus or accessory  connected therewith or pertaining thereto,  or  fail  or  refuse  to comply with the
rules and regulations prescribed by such board, or refuse to permit the inspection  or examina-
tion by the sanitary engineer.   All fines  imposed  and collected shall be paid into the county
treasury and  credited  to the improvement  or maintenance  fund  of  such district  as the  board
directs.
     (1969 S 314.   Eff. 7-23-69.  131 v H 161)
     343.01 former  GC GGOO.
     Penalty for (B), 343.99  (A).

343.02 (6600-1).  Jurisdiction over garbage and refuse disposal district.

     Whenever  any portion of a garbage  and  refuse disposal district  is incorporated as or annexed
to  a municipal corporation, the area so incorporated  or  annexed shall remain under the juris-
diction  of the board of  county  commissioners for garbage and  refuse  disposal purposes,  until
such disposal  facilities for  the area,  for  which detailed plans have been prepared  and the  reso-
lution declaring the necessity  thereof  has been adopted by the  board, are completed  and the  prin-
cipal of an interest on any bonds issued to finance such  improvement  are  paid in full, or  until
the  board abandons such projects.
     Such incorporation or annexation of any part of a garbage and refuse disposal  district  shall
not  interfere -,vith or render illegal any issue of bonds made by the board under section  343.07
of  the  Revised Code to provide payment  for  the cost of construction and maintenance  of  any  such
facilities  for the area.  The board may contract with any municipal corporation located .within
or  outside  the district  for the furnishing of  the  garbage and  refuse  disposal services of  such
district,  but contracts  with municipal corporations for  territory outside the county shall  be
limited  to  surplus capacity of the garbage  and refuse disposal facilities of the county remain-
 ing after  the needs  of  the  county  have been  met,  and any municipal corporation so  contracting
 shall  act  by  ordinance  or  resolution of its  legislative  authority  and without the necessity of
conpetetive bidding.
      The board of  county commissioners may contract with any board of township trustees  which
has availed itself of sections 505.27  to 505.33.  inclusive,  of the  Revised Code,  and with  boards
of  education,  for  the  furnishing of garbage  and refuse disposal  services  to said  townships and
boards  of education. Any board of education availing  itself  of  such service shall  act by resolu-
tion of  its board.   (131 v H 161.   Eff. 9-22-65)

343.03   (6600-2).  Garbage and refuse  disposal districts  which  include   territory of municipal
corporations.

      Tlie authority of  the  board  of county  commissioners to provide garbage and  refuse  dis-
posal  lacilities  and maintain  and operate them within garbage and  refuse disposal districts


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which include any part of the territory within one or more municipal corporations shall be the
same as provided by law within garbage and  refuse disposal  districts wholly outside municipal
corporations,  provided the plans and specifications and  the estimated cost to be borne by such
municipal corporation  or its inhabitants shall be approved by the legislative authority of the
Bunicipal corporation  prior  to the letting of any contract for the construction thereof.
     At any time after a garbage and refuse disposal district is established comprising or in-
cluding any part of the territory within any municipal  corporation,  its legislative authority
may. by ordinance or  resolution,  authorize the board to proceed with  the  construction or the
maintenance, repair,  and  operation  of such improvement in the same  manner as provided by law
for improvements in  garbage  and refuse disposal districts wholly outside municipal  corporations.

243.04  (6500-3).   General plan for garbage and refuse disposal district.
                                                                                            •
     The board of county  commissioners may, after  the establishment of any garbage and refuse
disposal district, have a general plan of garbage and refuse disposal facilities for such dis-
trict oreuared by the county sanitary engineer.  After  such general plan has been approved by
the board,  it shall have  the engineer prepare  detailed  plans,  specifications, and estimates of
the cost of such improvement, which, upon  approval  by the board,  shall be carefully preserved
in the office of the board or the engineer, and shall be open to inspection by all persons in-
terested in such improvement.  After approval of the detailed plans, specifications, and esti-
mates of cost, the board shall  adopt a resolution declaring that such improvement is necessary
for the preservation  and  promotion  of public  health and welfare,  designating the character of
the improvement  referring  to the plans, specifications, and estimates of cost, stating the place
where  such  plans,  specifications,  and estimates are on  file  and may be examined,  and stating
what part of the costs  of such  improvement  shall  be paid by the county at large and what part
shall be paid by the issuance of bonds payable  from  the  revenues  of  the improvement  as  provided
by  section 343.07 of the Revised  Code.
     Such icsoluliw.'i &hall coiit-in a description of the boundaries of the garbage  and refusedis-
posal district and shall designate when and where object ions to the improvement or  the boundaries
of  the  district  will  be heard  by the  board.  The date  of  such  hearing shall not be less than
twenty-four days  after  the  date  of  the  first  publication of such resolution.  The board shall
cause  such resolution to be  published  once  a week,  for two consecutive  weeks, in  a newspaper of
general circulation within  the county.   Notice of such  hearing shall be mailed to the  clerk of
any municipal corporation any part of which  lies within  such district. A hearing  shall  be  grant-
ed  by  the board to  all  parties interested at the time  and  place  fixed by such  resolution and
notice.  Written objections to  or indorsements of the proposed improvement  or the  boundaries of
the district shall be received  by the  board for 3 period of five  days after the hearing,  and no
action  shall be taken by the board until after  such period has elapsed.  The minutes of  the hear-
ing, showing the persons who  appear in person or by attorney and all written objections,  shall be
entered on the journal of the board  and shall be preserved and filed in its offices.
(128 v  773.   Eff. 10-12-59.)
     If the boundaries of the district are  amended so as to  include any property  not  included  in
the district as originally established,  notice and hearing shall  be  given to the  owners of  such
property  in the sano  manner as  for the original  hearing under section  343.04  of the Revised
Code.   If the owners of all  property added to  the  district by amendment to  the original bounda-
ries thereof waive  objection to such I'.T.endnpnt, in writing, no further notice or  hearing  shall
be  given.   After the board ratifies  the plans  for the  improvement and the boundaries of the  dis-
trict  as originally present «J or  as  amended,and if it decides to proceed therewith,a resolution.
to  be known as the improvement  resolution,  shall be  adopted by the board.   Such  resolution shall
declare  the determination of the board to proceed with the construction of the  improvement  pro-
vided  for  in  the resolution of necessity,   in  accordance  with the plans and specifications as
ratified or amended,  and whether bonds shall be issued as provided  by section 343.07 of the Re-
vised  Code  to pay the cost of said improvement.
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343.06 (6600-5).   Improvement to begin after lapse of ten days or disposition by court.

     After the passage of an improvement  resolution under section 343.05 of the Revised  Code no
further action shall be taken or work done in connection therewith until ten days  have  elapsed.
If at the expiration of  such period  no appeal  has been effected by any property owner  as pro-
vided in sections 6117.09 to 6117.24, inclusive, of the  Revised  Code, the  board of county com-
missioners may proceed to issue and sell  bonds to construct such improvement.   If  at the end of
ten days any owner of property  to  be  charged  for  garbage  or refuse disposal service has effected
such-an appeal, such work shall not proceed until the matters  appealed  from are disposed of by
the probate court.

343.07  (6600-6).   Payment  of cost of improvement.
                                                                                      «
     The board of county commissioners may issue  bonds  of the  county  for the purpose of paying
a part or the whole cost of the acquisition,  construction,  or repair of  any improvement provided
for  in sections 343.01 to 343.08,  inclusive,  of the Revised Code, including the expenses of  the
sanitary engineer and all other expenses  necessary  and incidental  thereto.  The cost of any such
improvement shall  include,  without limiting such cost,the  cost of acquiring any necessary real
estate, and any trucks,  rolling stock, or equipment necessary for  the proper operation of the im-
provement. Such bonds shall state  the particular  improvement on account  of which they are issued
and  the date of the resolution of the board authorizing their issuance.   Such bonds shall be of
such denominations and shall mature as provided in the improvement resolution, but shall mature
no later  than  forty  years  from the date  thereof, and shall be payable  in  annual  of semiannual"
installments.beginning not later than five years  from the date  thereof,in such principal amounts
that the total principal and interest payments  in each year shall  be substantially equal.
     The  board shall,  in the legislation authorizing the  issuance of cuch  bonds,  provide that
they shall not constitute general obligations of the county or be secured by the general credit
and  taxing power  of the county, but shall be payable solely,  as to principal and interest,  from
the  revenues of the improvement, constructed with the proceeds of the sale of the bonds, as  de-
rived from the rates or charges established for  such services under section 343.08 of the Revised
Code, in which event the board shall  covenant to  fix rates or charges sufficient to provide ade-
quate funds for such purpose, after payment of  the cost  of management, maintenance,and operation
of such garbage and refuse collection and disposal plant  and facilities.
      The  surplus  net  revenues  in  any year,  over  and  above the  amount  of principal and  interest
payable in that year and such additional  amount  as is provided in  the resolution  authorizing said
bonds to be held  as a reserve for debt service,  may be  used for the enlargement  and   replacement
of such garbage and refuse collection and disposal facilities.
      In addition  to  the  power  to  issue such  bonds, the  board may issue  bonds of the county, in
compliance with sections 133.01 to 133.65, inclusive,  of the Revised Code,  to pay  for that part
of the  cost  of such improvement  which is to be  borne  by the county at  large,  and may  provide
that such bonds shall be general  obligations of  the county payable from taxes to be levied upon
all  the taxable property therein,  provided that  such  general obligation bonds may also be made
payable primarily from  the net  revenues derived  from such improvement  and such net revenuesmay
be pledged for the payment of the interest and  principal thereof.  (128 v 773.  Eff.  10-12-59.)

343.08  Rates  and charges;  contract with  municipal corporation.

      The  board of county commissioners may fix reasonable rates or charges to be paid by every
person, firm,  corporation, board  of  township trustees, or board  of education which  is the owner
of premises to which the collection or disposal of garbage and  refuse  or both  is made available,
and  may change such  rates  or charges  whenever  it  deems  it  advisable.   Charges for  collection or
or disposal or both  shall be made only against  lots or  parcels  which are improved,or  in  the pro-
cess of being  improved,  with at least one permanent,  portable,  or  temporary building.  When  any
such charges  are  not  paid,  the board shall certify them to the county auditor, who shall place
them upon the  rval  property  duplicate against  the property served by such collection or dispo-
sal,  or both,  and such charges shall be a lien  on such  property from the date they are placed

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upon the real property duplicate by the auditor, and shall be collected  in the  same  manner  as
other taxes.  The county need not fix  a  rate or charge  against property If it operates  no
collection system.
   Where a county owns a garbage  and refuse disposal plant or facility, either without a county
collection system or  in  conjunction therewith,  the board of county commissioners may fix reason-
able rates or charges for the  use of such plant or facility by political subdivisions, corpora-
tions, private collectors and other users  and may contract with any public  authority or with
independent contractors  for the collection of garbage and refuse  in any part of any district for
disposal in any plant or facility.   The cost of collection or disposal or both under  such con-
tracts may be paid by rates or charges fixed  and collected under this section or by  rates and
charges fixed under sunn contracts and collected by the contractors.
     Ail zcr.cjs  collected  by the county as rates cr charges tor s-rb2ge  sr.d refuse collection or
disposal or both in any district shall be paid to the county treasurer and kept  in a separate
and distinct fund to  the credit of such district.  Such fund shall be used for  the payment  of
the cost of the management, maintenance, and operation of  the garbage and refuse collection and
disposal facilities  cf  such district,  and  any surplus say be used for the enlarsesent  cr re-
placement of such facilities, and  for  the  payment of the interest and principal  on  bonds and
bond anticipation notes issued pursuant to section 343.07 of the Revised Code,  but  in no case
shall money so collected be ex^nded otherwise  than for the use and benefit of  such district.
     The board nay,  in lieu of operating and  maintaining garbage and refuse  collection or dis-
posal facilities of the district with  county  personnel,  enter into a contract with a municipal
corporation having territory within the district pursuant to which the  operation  and maintenance
of such facilities would be performed by such  municipal corporation.
(131 v H 161.   Eff. 9-22-65.   130 v H 425;  128  v 773)

343.08 former GC 6600-7.

343.99 Penalty.

      (A) Whoever violates division  (B)  of section  343.01 of the Revised Code shall be fined not
more tban one hundred dollars.
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            SUGGESTED PROCEDURE HHEN  A SOLID WASTE DUMP  IS CLOSED OR DISCONTINUED

General

     A satisfactory solid waste disposal  site or  facility should be available before a dump ^
closed or its use is discontinued.
     Further, once the use of the dump is discontinued, definite action should be  taken to jn-
vent this discontinued dump from continuing to be  a problem.

Recommended Procedure to Abandon a Dump
     1. Determine the exact  date that  all  dumping  will cease.
     2. Make arrange merits to dusp refuse elsewhere.
     3. Newspaper release in a local newspaper pointing out:
        a. The date of closing.
        b. That baiting will take place and the  date.
        c. A warning to keep all children and pets out of dump.
        d. Where people can dump.
     4. A sign should also be posted at the date warning of poison being used.
     5. Baiting  for rodents.
        a. Wait about 3-5 days after the last load of solid waste has been deposited at duo;p,
        b. Bait heavily with a single dose poison (example: Zinc phosphide).
        c.  If needed, continue  baiting dump  by  establishing  a number ef anticoagulant  bait  sta-
           tions and  service until  all signs of feeding cease.
     6. Level dump and cover with two (2) feet  of earth.
     7. Plant suitable vegetation.

How to Estimate  Bait  for Dumps
     To estin:2te the  crea cf the clump face, pace across  its upper edge and multiply the nur.be r ti
paces by an  estimated  average height in yards. Assume  1  pace = 1 yard. % pound of bait per &Qunn
yard of area to  be treated.

Who Does  Rodent  Control?
     Local  government or private operators  should  seek aid through their local  health  dei>a: '
Bents. Local  health departments may seek technical aid  from the Ohio Department of Health, Uniic-
 States Public Health  Service, or the private Pest Control Operator.
                                 SUGGESTED REGL'LATION OR ORDINANCE
 A RKGl'LATION(OP.DIN\M'E) FOR THE STORAGE AND COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE AND FOR THE CONSTRICTION
 AND OPERATION OF SOLID WASTE TRANSFER STATIONS IN TIE	  HEALTH DISTRICT.
      A regulation (ordinance)  establishing  standards for  the  handling of solid waste  on
 the collection of solid waste; requiring registration  certificates to operate  solid waste .-
 lection equipment; the construction and operation of solid waste  transfer stations;  requn
 plans for solid waste transfer stations;  and  requiring  registration certificates to operate in
 waste transfer stations in order  to protect the  public  health  and welfare  and prevent  insarr.
 conditions and nuisances.
      Authority Section 3709.20 (for City Health  District  adoption)
      3709.20 (for General  Health  District Adoption)  of  the  Revised Code.
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SECTION 1 -  DEFINITIONS
As used in this regulation  (ordinance):
1,1  "Board of Health" means the board of health of  a  city  or  general health district, or the
     authority  having the  duties of a board  of health in  any city as authorized  by section
     3709.05 of the  Revised Code.
1.2  "Health Commissioner"  means the  person  occupying the office  created by  section  3709.11 and
     section 3709.14 of the Revised Code,  or his authorized representative.
1.3  Person  means the  state, any  political subdivision, public  or  private corporation,  individual,
     partnership,  or oth^r  entity.
1.4  Premises means any  land,  buildings, or  structures upon  or in which  solid  waste may be
     temporarily stored, placed,  or accumulated.
1.5  Sols-' ^?ste r.eans su -h unwanted  residual  solid or semi-solid material  as results  from in-
     dustrial,  cor^crc ;al,  agricultural,  and community operations, excluding earth  or material
     from construction,  raining  or demolition operations and  slag  and  other substances  which are
     not harmful or inimical to public  health, and  includes garbage .combustible and non-combustible
1.6  Solid Baste Transfer Station means a location,  not  at  the  point  of  solid  waste generation,
     in the solid waste handling  s\stem  that  is  used  to facilitate the transfer of waste from
     locally operated collect ion vehicles to  those  intended to  convey the  material  to  the  solid
     waste disposal site or  facility;  the transfer  of  such  wastes being  from vehicle to vehicle
     or frora vehicle to location to vehicle.

SECTION  2 -  I'KBIISK MAI VlF.NA.NCfc:
2.2  No person shall store,  place,  burn or dispose on his premises or the premises of another or
     permit to accumulate on his premises,  any solid waste in such a manner whereby it will  be-
     come a rodent or insect harborage or breeding  place,  or create a health menace,  insanitary
     condition, or nuisance.

SUCTION  3 -  KRGISTRU1GN (TUTIF 1CA1E REQUIRED
3.1  No person shall eriKa^o  m the business of solid waste  collection or  operate  a solid  waste
     transfer  station unless he  possesses a  registration  certificate  issued by the Board  of
     Health of the .. .  _  ___________  Health District.
3.2  The  Board  of Health 5 hull issue registration certificates  to  collect  solid waste  or  to
     operate solid waste transfer stations only to  persons having proper equipment,  as required
     by this regulation ana  personnel  for collecting of  solid waste or for operating solid waste
     transfer stations, and agreeing to comply with all  conditions of issuance or possession of
     the  registration certificate  and otherwise  complying with the requirements of this regulation.
3.3  (a)  An} person  inter,'} ing  to  collect  solia waste or to operate a solid waste  transfer sta-
          tion  shall make written application for  a registration certificate to the board  of
          health on a form provided by  the board of  health.
     (b)  For a  registration  certificate  to collect  solid waste,  such application  shall contain
          the name  and  address  of  such person,  a  description of the equipment  to  be used in  the
          collection  of such solid waste,  the  area where  solid waste collections are to be made,
          and such other in format ion as the board  of health  determines will  reasonably aid in  the
          administration and enforcement  of this regulation.
     (c)  For a  registration  certificate  to operate  a solid waste transfer station,  such appli-
          cation shall contain the name and address of such person, the location of the transfer
          station,  the  point  of final  disposition of the solid  waste, and such  other information
          as the board of health determines will reasonably aid in the administration  and  en-
          forcement of this regulation.
3. 4  Upon approval of such application and  determination that the  applicant has the proper equip--
     ment in pood cond it ion, and personnel to  meet the requirements  of this  regulation,  the board
     of  health shall  is.--.uo a registration certificate to the applicant.  The board of health  may
     state  on  the  ret: ist i at ion certificate or  bj a writing attached  to  the registration certi-
     ficate the conditions under  whichitis issued  to  insure the  proper  collection of all refuse

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     and the proper  operation of all solid  waste transfer stations in accordance w.
     regulation.
3.5  The Board of Health may revoke or suspend  the  registration certificate of any person  'o
     collect solid waste or to operate a  solid waste transfer  station who has demonstrated  A.i-
     ability or unwillingness to comply with this regulation.
3.6  Any person whose application for a registration certificate has been denied,  suspended,  or
     revoked may  make written request for  a hearing before the  Board of Health of the	_.
     Health District within  30 days.  The Board of Health shall  grant such hearing withu  ±
     reasonable time  after  request is made therefor.
3.7  All registration certificates  issued under  this regulation shall expire one year  from
     date of issuance.

SECTION 4 - SOLTO HASTE COLLECTION
4.1  All vehicles used  for  the  collection and transportation of solid  waste unless all'the t
     waste is  kept  in watertight covered  containers,  shall have enclosed bodies or suitable
     visions for  covering thp body  of the vehicle.   All  vehicles shall be leakproof,  of ea^
     cleanable construction,  shall be cleaned at  sufficient frequency  to prevent odor, nuisann
     or insect breeding,  and  shall be maintained  in good  repair.
4.2  Any person  making application  for a  registration certificate to collect solid waste shai"
     present his  equipment  for  inspection by the  health commissioner of 	
     Health District,or his authorized representative,to  determine  if  applicant is in compliant
     with Section 3.4 and 4.1 of this regulation.
.4.3  Any person  making application  for a  registration certificate to collect solid waste shall
     have equipment  to  satisfactorily clean  all  vehicles or containers used in  the conduct  ci
     his business.

SECTION  5  - PLANS REQUIRED FOR SOLID WASTE  TRANSFER STATIONS
5.1  Each person proposing to  place  in use or to construct a  new  solid waste transfer station
     shall  submit plans  and  specifications to the  board of health for approval  at  least sixty
     days before  the proposed operation of the transfer station.
     The plans and specifications shall include.
     a. Specific  location of the transfer station and indication of same on a vicinity map.
     b.  Location of  public roadways, communities, habitable structures or places of public  us-:
        on  subject and  adjoining properties.
     c.  Clear indication of the entire property owned  or  leased by  the person proposing  the
         transfer station.
     d.  The meansof  limiting access  including  fencing,gates,natural barriers or  other methods.
     e.  Details  of method  of treating or  disposing  of the  liquid wastes resulting from opera-
         tion  of  the  transfer station.
     f.  Detailed drawings and specifications  of  all  structures and equipment.
     g.  General   layout of equipment  and flow  pattern.
     h.  Detailed description of appurtenances and procedures  intended-to handle heavy  or bulky
         items, for storage of  solid wastes beyond the end of  the  working day, control  dust  and
         odors,   and  to handle hot  or burning  loads of solid waste  and  fire control.
     i.  Statements from zoning board, planning commission and  other agencies having interest or
         jurisdiction over the  proposed  transfer station indicating that the proposed  transfer
         station  is in conforroance with policies,  regulations and land use plans.
     j.( Location of existing and  proposed  utilities.
     k.  Indicated place  and method of final disposition  of  solid waste  method  of  volume  r>.-dut
         tion  - compacting, grinding, compression or tamping  equipment.
 SECTION 6 - SOLID  H.4S1E TRANSFER STATION  OPERATION
 6.1  All  solid  waste  shall be confined to the unloading,  loading and handling area.   The
      fer  station and  the adjacent area shall  be  kept clean and  free of litter.


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6.2  Access to the transfer station shall be limited to those times when operational employees
     are on duty or definite control rules shall be  established in the instance  of unmanned
     transfer stations.
6.3  Special provision shall be maintained for the transfer  of  large,  heavy or bulky items at
     the transfer station or the  large  heavy or bulky items shall be excluded from the transfer
     station.
6.4  Sewage solids or liquids and other liquid or hazardous substances  in  quantities  considered
     to be detrimental to the normal operation of  the  transfer  station shall be excluded from
     the transfer station,  except in  those  instances  where in the nature of  the material and the
     equipment and method of handling has received written approval from the health  commissioner.
6.5  All liquid wastes shall be  disposed of in municipal  sewage treatment system or in sewage
     treatment devices constructed and maintained in accordance with the standards of the Ohio
     Department of Health.
6.6  Salvaging shall not be  conducted  except with  the written  approval of and in a manner  ac-»
     ceptable to the health commissioner.  Scavenging shall not  be permitted.
6.7  No putrescible solid waste  shall remain in the  transfer station for more than twenty four
     hours.  In the event that  putrescible  solid  waste  is  to  remain  at  the  transfer station  be-
     yond the end of the woiking day, the solid waste  shall be  stored  in a  leak-proof, fly  and
     rodent-proof structure,  bin  or container.
6.8  Equipment adequate  in  size  and  quantity and  in  operational condition, shall be available
     at all times to operate the transfer  station.   If for  any  reason the transfer  station is
     rendered inoperable for more than  twenty  four  hours an alternate method shall be available
     to transport the solid waste to  the disposal site  or  facility.
6.9  Adequate provisions shall be made for the routine operational maintenance of the transfer
     station and all appurtenances.
6.10 Dust generated by the unloading of the  solid waste and the operation of the  transfer  station
     shall be controlled at all times.
5.11 Odor  resulting from the j:.lcadin& of the solid v.asLe and  the  operation of  the transfer
     station shall be controlled  at all times.
6.12 No solid waste shall be burned at  the  transfer station.
6.13 All  necessary  operations of the transfer  station shall  be  carried out promptly  in  a syste-
     matic manner so conditions are unfavorable  for the harborage and  production  of  insects  and
     rodents. Supplimental effective  vector control shall be  initiated  immediately by the opera-
     tor  when deemed necessary by the health commissioner.
6.14 Live domestic  and farm animals shall  be excluded from the transfer station.
6.15 The  ooerator  shall  maintain  a daily log of operations of the transfer  station.  A  copy of
     the daily log shall be on file and available to  the health commissioner upon request.
6.16 Arrangements shall be made for adequate fire protection.
6.17 Employees shall receive  initial and periodic safety and procedure training to prevent  ac-
     cidents.  All  hazardous machinery shall be equipped with appropriate  safety devices.   Em-
     ployees  shall  be  instructed  in  the principles of  first  aid  and an adequate  stock of  first
     aid supplies shall be n.aintained at  the site.
6.18 Solid wastes which are burning or are at a temperature likely to cause fire or are of  a
     highly  fla-;mable or explosive nature  shall not be  accepted  in the  transfer station.
6.19 A transfer station shall be  operated  under close supervision of responsible individuals  who
     are  thoroughly familiar with the requirements  and  th" operational  procedures of the  transfer
     station.
                (
SECTION 7 -  PENALTIES
7.1  Any  person  who violates any provision of this regulation is subject  to the  penalties pro-
     vided by Sections  3709.99 of the  Ohio Revised Code.

SECTION 8 - EFI-ECT OF PARTIAL I>\ \LIDITY
8.1  Should any part of this regulation be declared unconstitutional for  any reason,  the  re-
     mainder  of  the regulation shall  not be affected  thereby.

                                                     117

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SECTION 9 -  EFFECTIVE DATE
9.1  This regulation shall be effective on and after the	 day of.
                                 SUGGESTED REGULATION OR ORDINANCE

A REGULATION (ORDINANCE)  FOR THE CONSTRICTION  AND OPERATION OF SOLID WASTE TRANSFER STATIONS '*•
THE __ HEALTH  DISTRICT.
     A re&ulatiua (ordinance)  establishing standards for the canst ruction and operation of
waste transfer stations;  requiring plans for  solid  waste  transfer stations;  requiring  regis,
tion certificates to operate  solid waste transfer stations in order to protect the public heal
and welfarp and prevent  insanitary conditions and nuisances.
       Authority Section  3703. 20  (for  City Health District adoption) 3709.20 (for General
       Health District Adoption)  of the  Revised Code.
    *
SECTION  1 - DEFINITIONS
As used  in this regulation (ordinance):
1.1  "Board of  Health"  means  the board of health  of a city or general health  district, or the
     authority having the duties of aboard of health in any city  as  authorized by section 3709.0.
     of  the Revised Code.
1.2  "Health  Commissioner" means  the person occupying  the office created by section  3709.11
     and section 3709.14  of the Revised  Code,  or his  authorized  representative.
1.3  Person means the state, any political subdivision,  public  or  private corporation,  indivi-
     dual, partnership,  or other  entity.
1.4  Premises mec-ns any  land,  buildings,  or structures upon  or  in  which solid waste  may be
     temporarily btored.  placed,  or accumulated.
1.5  Solid V,aste means such  unwanted  residual solid  or semi- solid  material as results from in-
     dustrial, coF.ncrcial, agricultural, and  community operations, excluding earth or material
     from construction,  mining  or  demolition operations and slag and other substances which
     are not  harnful  or  inimical to public  health, and includes garbage,  combustible and non-
     combustible material, street dirt and debris.
 1.6  Solid Waste Transfer Station means a location, not at the  point of solid waste generation,
     in  the solid waste  handling system that is used  to facilitate the transfer of waste froa
     locally  operated collection vehicles to, those intended to  convey the material to the solid
     waste disposal site  or facility;  the transfer of  such wastes  being from vehicle to vehicle
     or  from  vehicle to  location to vehicle.

SECTION  2 - PUNS UliQl'lttED
 2.1  t'cich  person proposing to open a new solid waste transfer  station shall  submit plans and
     specifications to the board of health for approval at least sixty days before the proposed
     operation of the tram fer station.
     The plans and  specifications shall include.
         a. Sptciiic location of  the transfer station and  indication of saaie on  a vicinity  map.
         b. Location of public  roadways. communities. habitable structures or places of  public use
           on subject and  adjoining properties.
         c. Clear indication  of the entire  property owned or leased by the person proposing  the
           transfer station.
         d.  The means of limiting access including  fencing,  gates, natural  barriers or orrer
           methods.
         e. Indicate nethod of  treating or disposing of the liquid wastes  result ing from opera* t  »
           of tho transfer station.
         f. De-tailed drawings and specifications of all structures and equipment.

                                                 118

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        g. General layout of equipment and  flow  pattern.
        b. Detailed description of appurtenances and procedures intended-to handle heavy or bulky
          items. for storage of solid wastes beyond the  end of the working day. control dust and
          odors, and to handle hot or burning  loads of  solid waste.
        i. Statements  from  zoning board, planning commission and other agencies having interest
          or jurisdiction over the proposed transfer station  indicating that the proposed trans-
          fer station is in conformance with policies,  regulations and land use plans.
        j. Location of existing and proposed utilities.
        k. Indicate place and method of final disposition of solid waste, method of volume  re-
          duction - compaction, grinding,  compression  or  tamping equipment.
SCCTJON 3 -  r.FGISTRA.TIOV CERTIFICATES HF
3.1  No person  shall  operate  a solid  waste  transfer  station unless he possesses a registration
     certificate  issued  by the Board of Health of the _ Health District.
3.2  The Board  of  Health  shall issue  registration certificates to operate solid waste  transfer
     stntjnns only  tn n(?r^rin<;  having  prnnfr  pqiijnmpnt,  as required by this regulation  and per-
     sonnel  for operating of  solid waste transfer stations and agreeing to comply with all con-
     ditions of issuance  or possession of  the  registration  certificate and otherwise complying
     with the requirements  of  this regulation.
3.3  Any person intending to operate solid waste transfer  station  shall make written application
     for a registration certificate to the board of health  on a  form provided  by the  board of
     health.  Such  application shall  contain the  name  and address of such person, the  location
     of the  transfer  station,  the point of final  disposition of the solid waste, and such other
     information as the board  of health determines will  reasonably aid in  the administration and
     enforcement of this regulation.
3.4  Upon approval of such application and the determination that the applicant has the proper
     equipment  in  good condition, and personnel to meet the  requirements of this regulation, the
     boai'ii of  ht.-a.ltti siiali is^ue  a registiation  certificate  to the  applicant.   The  board of
     health maj state on the registration  certificate or by a  writing attached  to  the  registra-
     tion certificate the conditions  under  which  it  is  issued  to  insure the proper operation of
     all solid  waste  transfer  stations in accordance with this  regulation.
3.5  The Board of  Health may revoke  or suspend the registration certificate  of any person to
     operate a solid waste  transfer station who has demonstrated  inability or  unwillingness to
     comply with this regulation.
3.6  Any person whose application  for a registration certificate  has been denied,  suspended, or
     revoked may make written  request  for a  hearing before the  Board of Health  of the _
     Health District.   The Board  of  Health shaW grant such  hearing within  a reasonable time
     after request is  nade therefor.
3.7  All registration certificates issued under this regulation  shall expire one  year from the
     date of issuance.

Sl'CTlON  4 - SO!. ID  V.ASIC TKUSITK STATION OPERATION
4.1  All solid waste shall  be confined to  the  unloading,  loading  and handling  area.  The  trans-
     fer station and th*. adjacent  area shall be clean  and free of litter.
4.2  Acctss to the transfer station shall be  limited to those times  when  operational  employees
     are on duty  or  dt-firme control rules shall -be  established  in the instance of unmanned
     transfer stations.
4.3  Special pro\isions shall be maintained for  the transfer  of  large, heavy or bulky items at
     the transfer station or the large heavy or 'bulky  items shall be excluded  from the transfer
     station.
4.4  Sewage solids or liquids and  other liquid or hazardous substances in quantities considered
     to  be  detrimental to  the normal  operation of the  transfer station shall  be  excluded  from
     the transfer  station, except in those instances wherein the  nature of  the material and
     the equipment and method of  handling has received written  approval from the health com-
     misbiouer.


                                                   119

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t.o  All liquid wastes shall be disposed of in municipal sewage treatment system or in sewage
     treatment devices constructed  and maintained  in accordance  with the  standards of the Ohio
     Department of Health.
4.6  Salvaging shall not be conducted except with the written approval of and  in a manner ac-
     ceptable  to the health commissioner.   Scavenging shall not be permitted.
4.7  No putrescible solid waste shall remain in  the transfer  station for  more  than twenty four
     hours.   In the event  that  putrescible solid waste is to remain at  the transfer station be-
     yond the  end  of the working day,  the  solid  waste  shall be stored  in  a leak-proof,  fly a,;cl
     rodent-proof  structure,  bin or container.
4.8  Equipment adequate in size and quantity and in operational condition, shall be availab.
     at all times  to operate the transfer station.  If for any reason the transfer station  it
     rendered  inoperable for more than twenty four hours an alternate method  shall be  available
     to transport  the  solid waste to  the disposal site or facility.
4.9  Adequate  provisions shall  be made for the  routine operational maintenance of the  transf
     station and all appurtenances.
4.10 Dust generated by the unloading of the solid  waste  and the  operation of  the transfer sta-
     tion shall be controlled at all times.
4.11 Odor resulting from the unloading of the solid  waste and  the operation of the transfer
     station shall be  controlled at all times.
4.12 No solid  waste shall  be  burned at the transfer station.
4.13 All necessary operations  of the transfer station shall be  carried out promptly  in a sys-
     tematic manner so  conditions  are unfavorable for the harborage and  production of insects
     and rodents.   Supplitnental effective vector control shall  be initiated  immediately by  the
     operator when deemed necessary by the health commissioner.
4.14 Live domestic end farm animals shall be excluded  from the  transfer  station.
4.15 The operator  shall maintain a daily log of operations of the transfer station.   A copy of
     the daily  log shall be on  file and available to the health  commissioner upon request.
4.16 Arrangements  shall be made for adequate  fire protection.
4.17 Employees  shall receive initial and periodic safety ?nd  procedure  training to prevent  ac-
     cidents.    All hazardous machinery shall be equipped with appropriate safety devices.   Em-
     ployees shall be instructed in the principles of first aid and an adequate stock of first
     aid supplies  shall be maintained at the site.
4.18 Solid  wastes which are burning or are at a temperature likely to cause  fire or  are  of a
     highly flammable or explosive  nature shall not be accefled  in the  transfer station.
4.19 A transfer station shall  be operated under close supervision of  responsible individuals
     who  are  thoroughly familiar with the requirements and the operational  procedures of the
     transfer  station.
                                             i
SECTION 5  - PENALTIES
5.1  Any person who violates any provision  of this regulation is subject  to the penalties pro-
     vided  by  Sections  3709.99 of  the Ohio  Revised Code.


SECTION 6  - EFFECT OF HM1T1AL INVALIDITY
6.1  Should any part  of this  regulation be declared  unconstitutional  for any reason,  the  re-
     mainder of the regulation shall  not  be affected thereby.

SECTION 7 - EFFECTIVE DATE
7.1  This regulation shall be effective  on  and after the 	 day of	
     19	
                                                 120

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                    APPENDIX C

     FRANKLIN COUNTY RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL IN INCINERATOR DISTRICT NO. 1
                           121

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                                      Amended
                                 Rules and Regulations
                             For Disposal of Solid Waste  In
                       Franklin County Incinerator District No.

GENERAL:

DEFINITIONS;

       District
       Solid Waste
           Non Combustible Waste
           Combustible Waste
           Special Industrial Waste
           Chemical Waste
           Demolition Waste

       Landfills

           Dumps
           Sanitary Landfills
           Incinerator Landfills

       Incinerators
       Collection
       Private Haulers
       Municipal Haulers
       Individual Haulers
       Board
       Sanitary Engineer
       Public Health Department
       Advisory Board

 PROVISIONS GOVERNING VEHICLES  USED FOR COLLECTING
 AND TRANSPORTING SOLID WASTEj

 DISPOSAL WITHIN THE DISTRICT:

        By Landfill Method
        By Incineration

 PROVISIONS  FOR ADVISORY  BOARD.

 AGREEMENTS  FOR DISPOSAL  OF SOLID WASTE:

         DF  RATES AND  CHAHGES:
 PENALTIES:
                                          122

 Feb. 21. 1967

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                                       -1-

GElffRAL;

     The disposal of til solid wastes orijinr-ting vithin or outside o5 Frant-.lin
County Incinerator Dictrict .To. 1, but disposed of rithin the  boundrier: of this
district jh?ll be performed in accordance T'ith these  rrles and regulations adopted
in confomance T'ith Sec. 343.31 of the Ohio Revised Code.

DEFINITIONS^

     As uTed herein the folloTring terms  sh-11 have the  r.eaninj ascribed to them p.r
herein set forth.
          The term district shell necn  the FranMin  County Incinerator Dictrict
     "To. 1 rhich comprise: all of the lots r.nd  land  in Franklin County, rhio,
     outside of any incorporated r.unicipality end  rll of the lots and land :rith
     in en incorporated municipality whenever the  bovndries of the district are
     enended following receipt of & request  of  tn  incorporrted tnunicipr lity by
     its lesi.il«itive authority to be included in the district.

          "oundries of the district ?.s  amended  from  tine to tirae are RJ rhovm
     in ''Appendix Av attached hereto.

     SOLID 'JASTE:

          All meterial other then liquids vhich has  been discarded by its ormer
     for cisooael, such as bvt not  limited to,  ^arbasc, 'nrcping", neiraprint,
     household articles, clinpinc from  trees or ohrubs, csns, bottlec, boxes,
     by products o: industry or coracierce, cleaolition T;cstes, ashes end ro forth

     11011 COl-ET.STnLE UAS7E:

          rcterir.l i;hich can not be reduced  to  ash ^;hen exposed to temperatures
     of 300 F for c. period of  15 minutes of  lesc in  the presence of oxygen
     sufficient to sunport nomal coobustion.

     cc;;; CTI?LE UASTE:

          Iratericl "hich crn be reduced to ach  or  reduced in volume by 20%
     '/hen exposed to temperatures of  "00°F for  a periot' of 15 ninutec or less
     in the presence of oxysen  sufficient  to support normal corbvstion.

     SPECIAL irDTSTP.IAL T7AGTE:

          Any by-oroduct of  industry  of a honogeneous character i;hich is non-
     cotnbustiole and which its  oxmer  cc.n dispose of in such a manner r.c to
     not create any nuisance either during or following such disnooal.

     C"Et:iCAL 'IA3TE:
               by product of industry v-hich may be toxic, explosive or other-
      vise dangerous ^;hich requires knowledgeable treatment for Its disposal.

                                          123

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                                  -2-

DETCLITIO'1 'TAriE:

     ' r.tcriel produced In the rczinf, or  extensive  ren-odelinj of bv
pavements or other  .trvctures, a pert  of '.*hich may be  combustible.

LAIIDFILLC :

     Ooen arers of  ground used for  the deposition  of :olid wastes fittir."
one of the follovin^ description:.

D-ITS:
                                                                         *
     An one?. s.rce of ground  used for  the deposition of solid veste by
t.iscellaneouc duroinj.

SAUITATIV LANDFILL:

     An open are?, of ground  used for  the deposition of solid w.ste rrhere
materir.l ic denooitec1.  under  controlled conditions.

TJCIL'ERATCU LAl'DFILL:

     An ooen £rea of ground  used for  the deposition of sterile  csh fron
an  incinerator  p.nd  for the deposition of non conbu~til>le iraste,  contrin-
inj no putrescible  materiel, which cannot  be reduced in volvrae  l>y incin-
errtion.
      Structures built for F.nd containinc furnaces, nachinery and  equipment
 for  the  destruction by burning of solid "aste T'ith the maximum  reduction
 of volutne and a ninitnura of air pollution.

 COLLECTIOi1:

      The procecj of picking up and ^rcnsporting solid uaste fron  the  point
 of deposition to the point of its ultimate disposal.

 PRIVATE  '-.A LEP.S:

      Persons, Firms or Corporations encccec' in the business collectins and
 transporting solid wastes to disposal sites.

 l.^'ICIPAL VA'LERS:
              equipnent for the collection and disposal  of solid waste ormecl
 by r taunici^ality f.nd operated by enoloyees of  the  otmin^ nunicipality.
 Private "Rulers having contrrcts xrith municipalities  or onerctins under
           r^reementa -'ith municipalities shall  be considered zz Private
  i TDIVIDi AL 1IA LE^.S :

      Either Persons, Firms or Corporations, using vehicles  either otmed by

                                     124

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                                       -2-

     them, rented or leased by then either "ith  drivers or for their use by
     themselves or by their ei.iployee" on  an  oc.cc ,ior.al banis .for the purpose
     of transfer ti.v -.olid vacte produced by then  to  a point of disposal off
     their OTTI premises.

     rOARD:

          The "ocrd of Covnty Comnis;. loners  of Tranklin County, Ohio consist-
     ing of three nenbers chosen as provided in  Tec.  -15.01 or Tec. 305.02 of
     the Ohio Revised Code.

     SAI'ITAT.Y ir^IL'EEl:

          The "anitrry Cn-incsr of Frrnklin  County, Ohio appointed by the loard
     or hi" duly appointee Ac-intents acting in  hie behalf or ste-d.

     ?T.".LIC 'SALT? DEPARTHE 'T

          'Tiere ever the  tcrr: Public  'lerlth  Deprrtnent is used herein it shall
     r.eeT- the PL-', lie  ealth Departncnt hcvirij jurisdiction in the ^eojrcnhic
     ?rea r.ppronriete to  the rule under  diccussion.

     AIWICO:1:* ' CA1D:

          An Advisory  orrd selected  to  periodically  review the operation of
     the Dl.-strict.

PROVISO.".: COVER- 1. 1C Vi;"ICLEC "TED FOPv  COLLECT!'!;
AHD T'lA">rr'OTlTrT; ^CLTD TJASTi:^ ___

     Frivrte i:c.v ler". shall  obtz-in  r  permit for each vehicle u-;ed  for  the collection,
trtnsnortinc and disposal o2  solid waste becinnins vithin  60 days of  the effective
drte of there regulations and  shall  renew such nertiit  * y the 1st  day  of "antiary of
each s
     Pemit  cpTlicctio--.  rre to be obtaimed rron the office of  the  Sanitary
Engineer, 4C E.  Fulton Street,  Coluubu-:, Ohio, 43215,
                n-  will show the type of vehicle to be voed  ?nd  will contain an
Affidavit  certi'yins  th;:t sucli vehicle conpliei t'it'i the renuircnents of these
re^ulrtions .

     Pcrnit  applic.-tionr, nust also be accomr.nie'' by a  Certificate of Insurance of
an r.pnroved  injuranre carrier shotrinc' thc.t the Private  Iruler  requesting the ner-
cit  is  insured a^cinct liability for personal injtry rnd property danase for not
lees then, $100,:,00.00 for each oerson and not less than $300,r>-OC.?0 for each
accident.  Cne Insurr.nre Certificate or.ly need be furnished by c  Private "ruler
even though  he or  it  r.ay operate more t'ira one vehicle, however,  failure to ?vpply
a new  Certificate  on  or before the anniversary date of  the  policy TTill autonati-
cclly  revol.e all permits held by such hauler.
           approval of application for pevr.it, Private  lauler vill receive rn
        to be prominently displayed on  ^ach vehicle  used  for collecting, tran?-
                                         125

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                                        -4-

porting and disposal of solid waste.

      Vehicles for which permits are to be issued shall have tight bodies and shall
be either packer type bodies or dump truck fitted with tight covers to prevent the
escape of any portion of the load being transported no matter how minute.  Inspec-
tion of vehicles may be made from time to time during the life of a permit and any
defect found which in the opinion of the Sanitary Engineer or any Public Health
Department makes the vehicle unsatisfactory for the purpose of transporting solid
waste must be corrected immediately.

      Failure on the part of Private Hauler to make such correction will be con-
sidered grounds for revocation of permit.

      Repeated violations of this provision or evidence of other careless operations
which might endanger the safety, health or general welfare of the citizens of the
community will be considered justification for the revocation of all permits held
by a Private Hauler.  Non compliance with regulations regarding disposal sites shall
be considered careless operation for this purpose.

      Permit fees must accompany each application in the amount of $15.00 for each
vehicle for which the original permit is sought.  Renewal fees for each vehicle
will be $5.00.  In  the event a permit is not granted, fees will be refunded.

      Municipal Haulers will be  subject  to the same regulations as Private Haulers
except  that no charge will  be made  for permits.  Violations of any of the above
will be reported  to  the luuniclpal official in responsible charge of vehicle
maintpruince and operation?  for appropriate action.  If  prompt action  is not  taken
to correct  the reported violation the permit  for  the offending vehicle will  be
revoked.

       Indiviaual  Haulers will not be  required to  obtain permits.   However, haulers
employed  on a  regular  or st&nd-by-basis  by a  person,  firm or  corporation shall be
considered  a  Private Hauler within  the meaning of these regulations.

DISPOSAL  WITHIN THE DISTRICT:
                                          «
       Disposal of solid waste  collected  and  transported by  Private Haulers,
Municipal Haulers or Individual  Haulers  shall be  made  only  at approved  sites and
 in conformance with these  regulations.

BY LANDFILL METHOD:

       All existing privately owned  or operated  Sanitary Landfills, dumps ifar
 incinerators shall cease  and desist immediately.

       No privately owned  or operated sanitary landfills, dumps or incinerators shall
 hereafter be permitted v;ithin the boundaries of the Franklin County Incinerator
 District  No.  I,  as amended from time to time.

       Except landfills operated in connection with District incinerators, only
 sanitary landfills established, maintained,  or operated under the direct control a.-
 jurisdiction of the Board of County Commissioners shall be permitted within the
 boundaries of the said District, as amended  from time to time, provided publically
 operated municipal landfill.-? in operation as of the effective date of these regux.
 tions may continue to operate in accordance  with the District Rules and Regulations

 Feb. 21, 1967                            126

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                                        -5-

      No new publically operated municipal landfills  shall be permitted without
the express written consent of the Board of County Commissioners.

    Wb'dYever a landfill operation other than in connection with an Incinerator Is
permitted, procedures shall be as follows:

      Sanitary Landfills will be permitted only until such time as the District has
provided and placed in operation suitable incinerators.

      Minimum Requirements For Operations.  All publically operated sanitary land-
fills authorized shall comply with the minimum requirements for operation set forth
herein, or any other applicable local laws or ordinances.  Such minimum require-
ments will consist of a method of operation whereby sufficient quantities of earth
or other acceptable material are available to cover compacted layers of deposited
solid waste not exceeding 30" in thickness after compaction, with 6 inches of well
compacted cover.  Deposition of solid waste may be in trenches previously dug with
excavated earth for cover stock-piled adjacent thereto or may be on grade if suffi-
cient earth borrow or suitable material is available nearby and adequate hauling
equipment is maintained at the site to cover the compacted solid waste at frequent
intervals v?ith the required amount of cover.  No deposited solid waste shall remain
uncompacted for a period of over two hours nor shall it remain uncovered at the end .,
of a days operation.                                                               '/

      At the cessation of operations of a sanitary landfill for any reason an
additional layer of earth at least 24" in thickness shall be spread over the final
6" layer of compacted earth.  This operation shall be performed within six months
after landfilling has be^n terminated.

      A sanitary landfill must be surrounded by a suitable enclosure such as an
earth levee and/or fence of sufficient heif.ht to prevent lighter materials such as
paper or plastics from being carried off  the property by wind.

      Storage of gasoline, fuel oil, lubricating oil, or any inflammable material
will meet the rules and regulations of the Fire Prevention Bureau of the City of
Columbus and/or State Fire Marshal.
                                         w
      A sufficient number of fire extinguishers will be maintained  in working con-
dition at proper locations.

      Access roads will be constructed so that traffic thereon will not be Interrup-
ed by ordinary  inclement weather.  Access will be completely restricted by closing
an effective gate at  the entrance except when an attendant  is on duty.

      Fire protection will be provided by one of the following means or an alternate
method approved by the Commissioners.

       1.  An adequate  supply of water under pressure available at  the
           site  together with suitable hose and nozzles.

       2.  Stockpile of earth maintained  close enough to  the working face
           sufficient  to smother  any  fire  that may occur  at  the site.

      The  landfill site and  the  access roads will be watered, oiled or  otherwise
treated whenever necessary to control dust.

                                        127
Feb.  21,  1967

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                                       -6-

      Periodic inspection and necessary treatment by a qualified Exterminator shall
be done in such a manner as to eliminate any possibility of rodent infestation of
the area being landfilled.

      When salvaging is permitted, it will be so organized as not to interfere with
prompt and sanitary disposal of waste.

      Landfills for the Deposition of Demolition Waste:  which contains no
putrescible material will be permitted only upon approval of the Sanitary Engineer,
Operations of such a landfill must be conducted in such a manner as not to create a
nuisance and any evidence of improper use of such a landfill will result in its
immediate closing.

      Incinerator Landfills will be maintained at incinerator sites for the
deposition of incinerator ash aud non combustible material which has been collected
separately or otherwise separated from all combustible waste.  Any non combustible
waate brought to an incinerator site must be weighed and disposal charged for at
rates set forth in these regulations.

      Special Industrial Waste and Chemical Vlaste May Be Landfilled.  Regulations
pertaining to creating a nuisance however, will apply to such operations and will
be under the control of Public Health Department.

      Dumps for deposition of solid waste will not be permitted.

      Open Burning.  Open burning of  solid waste will not be permitted.

BY INCINERATION:

       It is proposed by  the  Board that  incinerators  of  suitable size be built at
 several  locations within the County  to  provide  for  the  convenient and  efficient
 disposal of solid wastes.  These  incinerators will  be  placed  in operation  at  the
 earliest possible date.   All solid waste not  in  one of  the  special classifications
 referred to as  special industrial waste, chemical waste or  demolition  waste  shall
 be disposed of  at one  of these  sff^sraL  incinerators except  as here noted.
 Privately  operated  incinerators taeetlfi-g Approved standards  will be permitted.

 PROVISIONS FOR ADVISORY BOARD:

       There is  hereby  created an Advisory Board consisting of seven (7)  members  to
 be appointed  as follows:

       By the  City of Columbus
            1  member for a term of 1 year.
            1  member for a term of 3 years.
           «
       By the Franklin County Council of Mayors
            1 member for a term of 2 years.

       By the Columbus Area Chamber of Commerce
            I member for a term of 2 years.

       By the City of Upper Arlington
            1 member for a term of 3 years.

                                         128
  Pel*.  21,  1967

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                                       -7-

      By the recognized association of Private  Haulers
      for Franklin County.
           1 member for a term of 3 years.

      By the Franklin County Township Trustees  and
      Clerks Association.
           1 member for a term of 1 year.

      Upon expiration of the first term appointment as  prescribed above each sub-
sequent appointment shall "be for a term"bf three-years.

      The Advisory Board shall adopt its own regulations for its ovn rules of,
proceedure.

      The purpose of the Advisory Board is to make recommendations to the Board
relative to the administration of the facilities of the District, adjustment in
rates and charges for their use and other pertinent matters in the best interest of
the health and xrelfare of the Franklin County Community relative to and resulting
from the operation of the District.

      The Board shall make the services of an official of the District available,
upon request of the Advisory board, to furnish information regarding operations of
District.

AGREHIICOTS FOR DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE:

      Immediately following the adoption of these regulations all municipalities
vilhin the diGtrict shall enter into an Agreement vith the Board relative to the
disposal of solid v;aste.

      The Agreement will contain the schedule of rates charged for disposal of
solid waste and other details pertinent to the operation of the facilities of
the district,

PAY11ENT OF RATES AND CHARGES:

      Rates and charges  for use of any facilities operated by the Board shall be
as set forth  in Appendix B of these regulations.

      At the beginning of each month the  amount due for the previous month for
disposal of solid waste  at the rates and  charges so set forth will be  invoiced by
the Board  to each municipality having an  agreement with the Board.  Payment shall
be made within 15 days from receipt of invoice.

      Frivate Haulers will pay such rates and charges  at the time disposal is made.
Payment may be in rpsh or may be deducted from an escrow account deposited with the
Sanitary Engineer for this purpose.  Deposits in such  an escrow account may be
made at  the convenience  of the Private Hauler but no overdrafts will be permitted.

       Individual Hauler vrill pay cash at  the time of disposal.

BASIS OF CHARGES FOR DISPOSAL:

      Charges  for disposal at any  facility operated by the Board shall be determined
by the Board  and  shall be calculated  to be sufficient  to meet all costs of

Feb. 21,  1967                            129

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                                       -3-

operation maintenance, depreciation, obsolecence,  debt service and administration
of the facilities of the District.

      The unit of measure upon which rates are to  be fixed is one (1)  U.S. Ton
(2000\pounds).

      Weight of each load shall be determined by means of scales installed at each
of the disposal sites.

PENALTIES:

1.  Violation of Rules and Regulations

    (A)  No person, firm or corporation shall tamper with or damage any garbage
and refuse disposal plant or facilities constructed under Sections 343.01 to
343.08, inclusive, of the Revised Code, or any apparatus or accessory connected
therewith or pertaining thereto, or fail or refuse to comply with the rules or
regulations prescribed by such board, or refuse to permit the inspection or
examination by the sanitary engineer.

       (B)  Whoever violates division (A) of this provision shall be fined not more
than one hundred dollars ($100.00).

       (C)  In case any person, firm or corporation violates any provision of the
above  rules or regulations or any amendment or supplement there'tq, tthe -Board of
County Commissioners, in addition to other remedies provided by Law, may  institute
injunction, isandaiaus, abatement, or any other appropriate actions or proceedings
to prevent,  enjoin, abate, or remove such unlawful violation.

                                             Signed:

                                                   Glenn L. Myers

Effective Date of                                  Henry A. Koontz
These  Regulations
                                        *          Robert T.  Southwick
  January  18,  1967
                                                BOARD OF COUNTY  COMMISSIONERS
                                                  FRANKLIN COUNTY, OHIO

                                              Signed:

                                                   Glenn L. flyers

Effective Date of                                  Henry A.  Koontz
These  Amended Regulations

  February  21,  1967                               BOARD  OF  COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
                                                     FRANKLIN COUTY, OHIO
                                        130

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                   APPENDIX D

  AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO,
   AND LOCAL NO. 1621, AMERICAN FEDERATION OF
STATE, COUNTY, AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO
                         131

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cle XIV
E PROCEDURE
Ar«
GRIEVANC





: is any unresolved question or
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r application of this agreement
Jnion or between the City and
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the Columbus City Charter gov-
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Fcderal and State Laws and by
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presented within ten (10) work
rievance, unless the party having
establish, in writing, that the
mstanccs beyond his control of
presented the grievance within
the date of its occurrence. If a
within ten (10) days after the
will be considered not to have
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ized representative of the City of Columbus. Such demand
shall be signed by the authorized representative of the
Union. Should the City of Columbus demand arbitration, it
shall give written notice to the authorized representative of
the Union. Such demand shall be signed by the authorized
representative of the City of Columbus. The written notice
shall in al! cases contain the following information.
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(D) The Department or Division involved
Parties Must Follow Procedures. If the employee fails
to exhaust its remedies under the grievance procedure or to
abide by the time limits with respect to each step, the
grievance shall be presumed to be abandoned unless a
written waiver is signed by the other party. Provided, how-
ever, if the City fails to respond to the procedures in
Article XIV, Section 1, and 2 and 3 and 4, the grievance's
stipulated request. «
Time Off For Presenting Grievances. An employee and
his steward or other representative shall be allowed time off
from regular duties with pay for attendance at scheduled
meetings under the grievance procedure with proper notifica-
tion to their respective supervisors.
The steward or other representative shall have adequate
time with pay for a proper investigation of each grievance.
Grievance Activity Forms. Grievance Forms (Step 1)
Division Grievance Logs, Union Check-in, Check-out Log are
being furnished to Supervision and the Union.
Selecting the Arbitrator. A joint written request shall be
made to the Federal Meditation and Conciliation Services to
submit the names of seven (7) qualified arbitrators including
personal history and arbitration experience of each. Upon
receipt of such list of arbitrators, the parties shall meet and
upon failure to agree on the arbitrator, the parties shall alter-
nately strike names each from the list. The person whose
20
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