PB-236 659
COLUMBUS' MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY
Applied Management Sciences, Incorporated
Prepared for:
Environmental Protection Agency
1973
N
DISTRIBUTED BY:
KHn
National Technical Information Service
0. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
SHEET
4. Title and Subtitle
1. Report No.
EPA/530/SW-82c
PB 236 659
Columbus' Municipal Solid Waste Management System:
A Case Study
Report Date
1973
6.
7. Author(s)
8- Performing Organization Kept.
No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Applied Management Sciences
§62 Wayne Avenue
Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
11. Contract/Grant No.
68-03-0011
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
Washington, D. C. 20460
13. Type of Report & Period
Covered
final
14.
"5. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstracts
Jhls study examines the solid waste collection and disposal system in Columbus,
Ohio. The background of the system, including location, geography, demography,
climate, form of government, and the solid waste management agencies is described,
and the characteristics of the system, including the services, equipment, and
finances are discussed.
to L ..,,
17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors
Waste disposal, urban areas
17b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
Reproduced by
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
U S Department of Commerce
Springfield VA 22151
17c. COSATI Fie Id/Group
18. Availability Statement
19. Security Class (This
Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. Security Class (This
Page
UNCLASSIFIED
FORM NTIS-33 (REV. 3-721
21. No. of Pages
USCOMM-DC 149S2-P72
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NOTICE
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE
BEST COPY FURNISHED US BY THE SPONSORING
AGENCY. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT CER-
TAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RE-
LEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE
AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE.
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2SSGX3
COLUMBUS' MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
A Case Stucjy
This final report (SW-82c) describes work performed
for the Federal solid waste management programs under contract No. 68-03-0041
to APPLIED MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, INC.
and is reproduced as received from the contractor
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1974
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This report has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, nor does mention of commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government.
An environmental protection publication (SW-82o)
in the solid waste management series
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FOREWORD
Solid waste management systems are an integral part of the
environment of nearly every citizen in the United States. Yet
until recent years, these systems have not received the attention
other visible residential services have enjoyed. This historical
neglect has resulted in systems which may not be cost-effective,
especially with respect to the rising cost trends encountered in
solid waste management activities. These trends arise from two
principal factors:
* Environmentally sound disposal methodology is being
enforced or strongly encouraged; as a result, disposal
sites and needed equipment are now expensive to procure
and operate.
* The collection function is highly labor intensive.
Thus, the costs of unskilled labor, which have been
rising to meet socioeconomic demands, have had
enormous impacts on local agency budgets.
This rise in cost pressure has forced all levels of
governmental organizations to consider more closely the management
and costs of solid waste management activities.
Because efforts to upgrade solid waste management practices
are in their infancy, there is still an obvious lack of data
bases for evaluative and comparative analyses. This case study
is one in a series of case studies of solid waste management
systems which has been conducted under the sponsorship of the
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Kenneth Shuster and Cindy McLaren served as
EPA project officers on the case study reported herein. The
purpose of these case studies is to fill in this data gap with
actual case histories of how cities are handling their solid
waste problems.
Concerned agencies at all government levels, as well as
private firms, will be able to assess information of the following
types:
* The management and operating characteristics of
public sector solid waste management systems.
* The institutional forces which give rise to these
characteristics.
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* Those techniques that have been or are being applied
to enhance the measures of productivity, aesthetics,
level of service, and environmental control.
These agencies and firms can then use these comparisons
to upgrade their systems according to the norms achieved in other
cities of similar size, geographical location, and operational
and institutional characteristics.
—ARSEN J. DARNAY
txti/ k&&iAta.Yi
Sotid Wa&te.
IV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Page
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ABSTRACT 5
3 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 9
4 BACKGROUND OF THE SYSTEM 12
4.1: Location, Geography, Demography, and Climate . . 12
4.2: Form of Government and Organization 14
4.3: Solid Waste Management System History ..... 17
4.4: Agencies Impacting the Columbus Solid Waste
Management System 19
5' SOLID WASTE SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 24
5.1: Authorization and Regulation 25
5.2: Collection Function 28
5.3: Productivity/Efficiency of the System 34
5.4: Disposal Function 42
5.5: Street Cleantng 51
5.5: Labor-Management Relations 53
5.7: Equipment Description 61
5.8: Financial Aspects of the Solid Waste
Management System 65
5.9: Future Developments 77
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: Columbus Solid Waste Codes and Ordinances
APPENDIX B: Ohio Solid Waste Disposal Laws, Regulations,
Codes, and Suggested Model Ordinances
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Title Page
1 Data Sources and Information Types 4
2 Columbus Government Organization 16
3 Bulk Pickup Notice 33
4 Landfill Locations in Columbus 43
5 Landfill License Application Form 49
6 Sanitary Landfill Inspection Form 50
7 Division of Sanitation Personnel 54
8 Employee Grievance Form 56
9 Accident Report , 58
10 Sickness and Injury Investigation Report .... 59
11 Injury Report 60
12 Vehicle Accident Report 63
13 Refuse Hauler's License Application 64
14 Transfer Station Bids Received by Columbus ... 79
15 Proposed Solid Waste Activities in Columbus. . . 80
16 Notice of Paper Bag Program 82
17 Evaluation Questionnaire for Paper Bag
Pilot Program 83
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1 Collection Abstract ...,,,,,,,,,., 7
2 Disposal Abstract ,,.«,,,.,, 8
3 Demographic Profile of Columbus, Ohio , , . , . 15
4 Rental Charges for Cubic Yard Containers ... 32
5 Manpower/Equipment Allocation for Columbus , , 35
6 Productivity/Efficiency Parameters of Columbus. 38
7 Equipment at Frank Road Landfill .,,..,. 47
8 Personnel at Frank Road Landfill , 48
9 Street Cleaning Statistics . . , . 52
10 General Fund Revenues by Source (For 1970
to 1973) 68
11 Sanitation Division Revenues by Source . , , , 69
12 Expenditures by Purpose for Sanitation Division
1968 to 1973 71
13 Expenditures by Purpose for Street Cleaning
1968 to 1973 72
14 Expenditures by Purpose for Solid Waste
Management System - 1968 to 1973 , . 73
15 Percent Distribution of Expenditures by Purpose
for Sanitation Division - 1968 to 1973 , . . . 75
16 Average Annual Percent Increase of Selected
Expenditures for Solid Waste Management
System - 1968 to 1973 76
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1
INTRODUCTION
The solid waste management system in Columbus, Ohio is city
operated and is administered by the Division of Sanitation of the
Department of Public Services. The city collects and disposes of
all residential wastes generated within Columbus. In addition, it
provides refuse collection and disposal, under contract, to com-
mercial sources that request service. The collection and disposal
functions have maintained their basic character and composition
over a period of many years, and only recently have plans been
made to modify certain aspects of the system. Transfer stations
and pulverizer units are now planned and may have a considerable
effect on the current system characteristics reported in this
case study. The important features of the anticipated system
changes are described in this report.
The collection system utilizes conventional packer trucks
and provides curb-side service to the residents of single family,
detached homes. Container or "box" service is offered to
multiple-family units and commercial sources requesting such
service. Collection is performed on a once-a-week basis, but
residents can request additional service for which an addi-
tional charge is made. Two major problems are associated with
the current collection operation. First, the system has a high
absenteeism rate. Second, the remote disposal site creates long
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haul distances for many service areas. This latter problem will
be remedied by means of transfer stations.
The disposal system has consisted of landfills, now re-
stricted to one site located in the southwest section of the city.
Antiquated equipment at this site and constant breakdowns have
created some operational problems, but the topography and geology
of the site appear suitable for landfill. The planned land dis-
posal of pulverized refuse, compared to conventional loose refuse,
should alleviate the operational problems and eliminate any nui-
sance or health hazards.
Three transfer stations, currently under construction, are
strategically located in the city, and each is to be equipped
with a refuse pulverizer. These facilities are certain to im-
prove the current inefficiencies in the collection system due to
the long haul distance to the disposal site. The transfer sta-
tions should also reduce collection truck maintenance costs, as
the trucks must now struggle through the landfill. Finally, the
pulverizers will produce shredded refuse, which is claimed to be
easier and more economical to landfill than unprocessed refuse.
It is possible that this system will be a forerunner to future
resource recovery efforts when the city feels that recovery is
economically viable.
The case study of Columbus, Ohio was performed using a
carefully structured data gathering technique. Initial contacts
were made by both the Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
of the Environmental Protection Agency and Applied Management
Sciences personnel. Interviews were scheduled to be convenient
for the city personnel. During these interviews, notes were
taken and tape recordings were made after obtaining the permis-
sion of the interviewees. Efforts were made to require a minimum
of city personnel time and, whenever possible, existing documentation
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was solicited to support the general discussions. Figure 1
presents the titles of the people interviewed in Columbus,
the dates of these interviews, and the types of information
obtained.
The structure of this report consists of five chapters, in-
cluding the introduction, and appropriate appendices. Chapter 2
is a systems description abstract which synopsizes the character-
istics of the city and the collection and disposal systems.
Chapter 3 presents the findings of the case study effort and
identifies potential problem areas. Chapter 4 is a description
of the city in terms of those parameters which can affect solid
waste management operations. Finally, Chapter 5 reports the
characteristics of the solid waste system in considerable detail
All aspects of the system are discussed and appropriate tabular
data are presented.
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TITLE
DATE
INFORMATION
Assistant Director, Department
of Public Service
Representative, Fra'nklin County
Superintendent, Division of
Sanitation
Refuse Collection Supervisor
Division of Sanitation
Landfill Operations Supervisor
)lvision of Sanitation
lusiness Manager, Division of
>a;.liation
Fiscal Officer, Department of
Public Service
\dministrative Analyst,
Jepartment of Finance
Superintendent, Municipal
Garage
Representative, Local 53,
American Federation of
State, County, and
Municipal Employees
director, Department of
Public Service
Chief of Resource Recovery,
Division of Waste Management
and Engineering, Ohio EPA
Representative, Chamber of Commerce
Labor Relations Manager, Department
of Public Service
May 8
May 8
May 9
May 9
May 9
May 9
May 9
May 9
May 10
May 10
May 10
May 10
May 10
May 10
General system characteristic.-.
history, problem areas, new
developments
*
County landfills, solid wast.
handling
Details of collection, disposal nt
solid wastes
Details of collection system
Details of land disposal faci';
Annual reports on Division of
Sanitation
Financial aspects of solid waste
system
Financial details
Details of equipment maintenance
Labor relations; union impact or;
city
Planned solid waste system-transfer
stations, pulverizers
t
State solid waste regulations '
affecting Columbus
General background information
on Columbus
Labor relations; coordination
with local union
FIGURE 1: DATA SOURCES AND INFORMATION TYPES
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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ABSTRACT
City: Columbus, Ohio
Contacts: Robert C. Parkinson
Mr. Weaver
Richard L. Harris
Mr. Mayo
Lewis Wormley
Fred Glaze
Robert Hunt
Richard Meece
James A. Matheny
Albert L, Beard
Richard D. Jackson
David Sharp
David Lieser
Rosemary Martin
Arthur Tisdale
- Assistant Director, Department of
Public Service
- Franklin County Health Department
- Superintendent, Division of Sanitation
- Refuse Collection Supervisor, Division
of Sanitation
- Landfill Operations Supervisor, Division
of Sanitation
- Business Manager, Division of Sanitation
- Fiscal officer, Department of Public
Services
- Administrative Analyst, Department of
Finance
- Superintendent, Municipal Garage
- Local 53, AFSCME
- Director, Department of Public Service
- Chief of Resource Recovery, Ohio EPA
- Chamber of Commerce
Labor Relations Manager, Department
of Public Service
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Dates of Visit: May 8 - May 10, 1973
Population
Demography:
Date
1980
(projected)
1970
1960
Total
600,000
539,677
471,361
White
437,255
Negro
99,627
X
Other
2,795
Area: 155.8 Square Miles
Density: 3464 Residents per Square Mile
Road Mileage: 1026-/
Collection: Table 1, Collection Abstract
Miscellaneous: Mixed refuse collection service is
provided, in which putrescibles and trash are simul-
taneously collected, along with yard waste. Service
is also provided to multiple family units and those
commercial sources that request the service. Only
containerized pick-up is offered to these latter
points. Bulky materials (white goods, furniture, etc.)
are collected from all sources on an average of 4 times
per year, per residence, although the extent of this
service varies. Street cleaning is the only solid
waste activity that is not handled by the Division
I/
Calculated as half the swept curb mileage,
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TABLE 1: COLLECTION ABSTRACT
"X. Collection
^^ Function
Collection ^v.
Variables ^v^
Numb«r of crews
Crew Size
'requency of
Service
Point of Collection
Method of Collection
-.
Stops
Service Limitations
Incentive System
Fund Source
Tonnage (Annual)
Wage Scales (Hourly
(excluding fringe)
Unions
Annual Cost
Single Family
Residential
Mixed Refuse
M
3 to 4
I/ week
Curb-side or alley
line
Manual
152.937
Cans up to 30 gal-
lons capacity; or
bundles up to SO
Ib. and 4' x 2'
Multiple Family
and Commercial
"Box" Service
12
3
I/ week
On premises
Hoist on rear-
loader
2,090
3 to 12 cubic yard
"box" containers
Task System
General Fund
IOJ. J»6
General Fund,
rental of
containers,
service charge
2».*J4
Bulky
' 6
3
4/jrear
Curb-side or alley
line
Manual
As needed
-
-
General Fund
12,480
Street Cleaning
Variable
1
-
Streets
Street vacuum
Mechanical broom
Open-bed trucks
2,053 curb miles
-
-
Ganeral Fund
and
Revenue Sharing
N/»
$4.11 - $4.47
American Federation
of State. County,
and Municipal
Employees
$•1.280,219.40
S4I5.9fiO.35
•273,670.85
$8.19. (566
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of Sanitation and is the responsibility of the Division
of Engineering and Construction.
Disposal: Table 2, Disposal Abstract
Miscellaneous: Columbus has only one city-operated
sanitary landfill to which all city solid wastes are
taken. Its location, in one corner of the city, has
reduced the efficiency of the collection system be-
cause of long haul distances. There are no significant
operational difficulties at the fill, but the remaining
lifetime on the site is only 3 years.
TABLE 2: DISPOSAL ABSTRACT
Type:
Location:
Total area:
Real loading:
Total lifetime:
Expected remaining
lifetime:
Operating costs:
Sanitary landfill
Frank Road (southwest portion of city)
97 acres
1000 tons/day
6 years
3 years
$339,352.32
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FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
Until recently, the solid waste management system in Colum-
bus, Ohio had been expanding slowly and in a conventional manner.
The city had historically chosen the path of least resistance
to maintain the most economical (least cost) system possible at
the expense of lowering the quality service to its residents. The
collection and disposal equipment currently in use is antiquated
and much of it needs replacement. The city has been forced to
cut back its disposal options to one disposal site where opera-
tional needs are just barely being met. Absenteeism among col-
lection workers is high.
The state of the system is now undergoing rapid change.
The changes can be attributed to the infusion of new management
into the Division of Sanitation and the Department of Public
Services and the rapport that these personnel have with the city
administration. Due to the efforts of senior management in the
Department of Public Services, planning efforts were undertaken
to improve efficiency and reduce some of the inequities of the
current collection and disposal system. These planning efforts
identified the major problems facing the system.
The most significant problem was that operational difficul-
ties had reduced the city disposal capability to just one land-
fill. This situation in disposal site availability had a
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corresponding effect on the collection system, as it created
long haul distances for many packer truck crews. These crews
already had the problem of having to start from and return to
one central location (the Municipal Garage). In addition,
collection time was also lost due to the morning and after-
noon congestion of trucks fueling, leaving and returning at the
same time.
To. solve these problems, the city has planned three transfer
stations, with pulverizer units to be integrated into each sta-
tion. The Municipal Garage is also decentralizing its operation
and packer trucks will now be stored at the transfer stations
instead of at one central location. Travel distances and main-
tenance/operating costs for packer trucks will be substantially
reduced and their usable life increased. Also, the damage
incurred by packers at landfills will be eliminated.
It is expected that operational problems at the landfill
(due to the use of older equipment) will also be minimized as
pulverized refuse is easier to handle than loose refuse. Also
pulverized waste should not have any of the more common nuisance,
health, and aesthetic problems traditionally associated with
untreated solid waste. The city hopes to receive state approval
to permit limited landfill covering for the site so that only
a final layer of cover will be required.
In terms of planned system changes, the only problems that
remain unsolved are the high absenteeism rate among collection
workers and the inadequate equipment replacement rate. The
Department of Public Services and Division of Sanitation are
acutely aware of these problems. The absenteeism problem is
being addressed by assigning one more man than actually needed
to each collection crew. Since there is always a shortage of
men on any given work day, the correct crew size (that which
the city feels is optimal - three men per truck) will operate
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each truck. The city budget appears to constrain frequent
equipment replacement.
The only solid waste management activity in Columbus not
within the jurisdiction of the Division of Sanitation is the
street cleaning function. This is the responsibility of the
Division of Engineering and Construction of the Department of
Public Services. This service appears to be excellent as
Columbus presents a very clean appearance and has minimal street
litter. This is especially surprising as observation indicated
a minimal number of litter boxes in the downtown section of the
city. This division has initiated a. program of distributing
litter containers throughout the city and is evidently receiving
positive public response to its actions.
Solid waste management is not a major political issue in
this city and the residents are evidently satisfied with the
provided service. There appears to be no equivalent of an
environmental action council in the city and public information
groups (the Chamber of Commerce, League of Women Voters, etc.)
were not aware of any public participation in, or objection to,
any of the city's solid waste management activities. The sani-
tation worker's union, an AFSCME local, appears to have good
relations with the city. The existence of the union is rela-
tively new and, if the result of the last negotiation is any
indicator (a phenomenal increase in wages), the city could ex-
pect problems in the future.
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BACKGROUND OF THE SYSTEM
Columbus is located near the geographic center of Ohio, and
is the nucleus of a three-county Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Area having a population of nearly one million. The site was chosen
as the state capital in 1812 before the city in fact existed. This
selection initiated a long, steady development that saw the city
develop into a major industrial, education, and commercial center
for the Midwest.
4.1: Location, Geography, Climate and Demography
Columbus is located in the center of the state and in the
Ohio River watershed. The ground elevation is 777 feet above
sea level; the latitude is 40 deg. N. and longitude 83 deg. W.
Four nearly parallel streams run through or adjacent to the
city. The Scioto River is the principal stream and flows from
the northwest into the center of the city and then flows straight
south toward the Ohio River. The Olentangy River runs almost
due south and empties into the Scioto just west of the business
district. Two minor streams, Alum and Big Walnut Creeks, run
through portions of Columbus or skirt the eastern and southern
fringes of the area.
Columbus is located in an area of changeable weather. Air
masses from central and northwest Canada frequently invade this
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region. The tropical Gulf masses often reach central Ohio during
the summer and to a much lesser extent in the fall and winter.
There are also occasional weather changes brought about by cool
outbreaks from the Hudson Bay region of Canada, especially during
the spring months. At infrequent intervals the general circula-
tion will bring showers or snow to Columbus from the Atlantic.
Although Columbus does not have a "wet" or "dry" season as such,
the month of October has a higher frequency of light rainfall than
any other month and comes closest to providing a normal dry period.
The average annual precipitation is 36.7".
The 1970 census recorded the population of Columbus as
539,677, making it the second largest city in the state. Persons
of various minority groups, chiefly blacks, constitute 19% of
the total population. The population of the city rose from
471,316 in 1960, a 14.5 percent increase primarily attributable
to annexations of surrounding communities. The entire Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area experienced a 21.4 percent growth
rate during the same period.
As a result of the annexations, Columbus has the largest
area of any city in Ohio, with 155.8 square miles as of January
1973. The population density for the city is approximately
3,464 per square mile. The projected population growth for the
present decade will result in an estimated population of more
than 600,000 for the city and nearly 1.2 million for the Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area by 1980.
The employment picture of Columbus shows nearly 400,000
people employed in the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
There are nearly 1,000 manufacturing establishments engaged in
such activities as laundry products, machine shop equipment,
packaging products, shoes, clothing, aircraft, printing, publish-
ing, food products, auto parts, electrical appliances, and tele-
phone equipment. The total payroll for the area exceeded $3.3
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billion in 1971. Recently, unemployment has been very low, with
a rate of 2.7 percent in March 1973. Average weekly earnings
in March 1973 for factory workers equalled $175.56. The mean
income in 1970 for the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
was $3,328 per capita and,for the city, it was $3,110 per capita.
Higher education has long been a major institution in
Columbus, since the establishment of Ohio State University in
1873. The university currently enrolls over 46,000 students,
with an additional 11,000 students attending one of ttte five
other institutions of higher education in the metropolitan area.
Scientific research has also played an important role in the
development of Columbus. Several well-known research organiza-
tions, e.g., the Battelle Memorial Institute (largest research
organization of its kind in the United States), the Denison
Research Foundation, and the Ohio State University Research
Foundation, are based in Columbus.
As a major commercial and government center, the city is
served by four major railroad systems and by eight major airlines.
Additionally, 105 motor freight lines operate in Columbus and
seven intercity bus lines serve the city.
The demographic data are summarized in Table 3.
4.2 Form of Government and Organization
The municipal organization of Columbus is divided into three
branches - the judiciary, executive, and legislative. The
governmental organization is presented in Figure 2. The legis-
lative branch consists of the City Council whose seven members
are elected by the public for a term of four years. Regular
meetings a year are held on Monday nights and all actions taken
by the Council are either by ordinance or resolution. Passage of
legislation requires the affirmative vote of at least four
Council members. Approved measures become law 30 days after
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TABLE 3: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
Population: Columbus SMSA
1960 471,316 754,885
1970 539,677 916,228
Non-white population 1970 - 102,422 110,220
Labor Force (SMSA) - 397,800
Median Income:City SMSA
per family - 10,848 11,864
per capita - 3,110 3,328
Land area - 155.8 square miles
Elevation - 777 feet above sea level
Average Temperature - 51.5° F.
Annual Precipitation - 36.7"
being signed by the Mayor, except for emergency legislation which
requires six Council votes and takes effect when signed by the
Mayor as provided by law.
Council establishes the number of officers and employees of
each department, determines whether an officer or employee should
give bond, and sets the amount of bond. Council prepares, from
the Mayor's estimate, an appropriation ordinance for needs of
each department and passes said ordinance which is the sole source
of money to be spent except for transfers and supplementary
ordinances. Council may investigate financial transactions of
any office or department and the official acts and conduct of
any city official. Council approves the Mayor's appointments
to Citizen Commissions.
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A
PUBLIC SAFETY
1 DIVISION OF
FtME
DIVISION or
COMMUNICATIONS
DIVISION OP
DIVISION OF
NEIGHBORHOOD
FINANCE
DIVISION OF
POLICE
DIVIS
TRAFF
ft f A
ION OF
>C ENG
DIVISION OF
AIR
DIVISION OF
WEIGHTS ft
PUBLIC SERVICE
1 DIVISION OF
ENGINEERING ft
CONSTRUCTION
DIVISION OF
WATER
DIVIS
KLCCT
DIVISI
LAN
BUILC
DN OF
*IC1TY
ON OF
>INGS
PUBLIC
UTILITIES
DIVISION OF
SEWERAGE ft
DR AINAC, t
DIVISION or
A IB PORT
DIVISION or
GARAGE
DIVISION OF
SANITATION
OF OF COMMUNITY
[DIVISION OF
PLANNING
DIVISION OF
URBAN
RENEWAL
DIVISION OF
ZONING
DIVISION OF
HOUSINS INSPECTION
DEPARTMENT
HEALTH
OF RE(.MCAT'ON
DCPT OF
INDUSTRIAL
RELATION*
OFFICIAL*
HEALTH
EDUCATION
FOOD AND I
• AWITATION r
DIVISION or
NUftSING
MEDICAL
• CPVICIS
FIGURE 2: COLUMBUS GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
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The judicial branch of the Columbus government consists of
a Municipal Court which has county-wide jurisdiction and is
divided into three divisions - The Civil Division, the Criminal
and Traffic Court and the Traffic Violation Bureau. The twelve
judges and the Clerk of the Municipal Court are elected to six
year terms by all voters in Franklin County.
The Executive and Administrative powers of the city are
vested in the Mayor, who is elected to a four year term. It is
the duty of the Mayor to act as Chief Conservator of the peace
within the city and to preside over the administration of all its
affairs. He appoints the Director for the Departments of Public
Safety, Public Service, Finance, Development, Utilities, Com-
munity Relations, Youth Opportunity and any other officers whose
positions may be created by Council and for whose appointment no
provision is made by Charter. Further, the Mayor directs the en-
forcing of all Ordinances; keeps the Council advised of the
financial condition and needs of the city; prepares and submits
reports required by that body, and recommends for adoption such
measures as may be necessary or expedient.
The Director of Public Service is responsible for the con-
struction, improvement and maintenance of all city roadways, and
water, sewage and drainage and sanitation facilities. He is
also accountable for the operation of the Airport, city power
plant and municipal public service divisions.
4.3: Solid Waste Management System History
The solid waste management system in Columbus has expanded
in proportion to the growth of the city. As Columbus grew in the
i9601s,the city switched from backyard to curbside pickup. In
1954 a freeze was put on water and sewer connections
outside the City. Since then a considerable amount of
land has been annexed to Columbus and, as a result, there
has been only nominal growth.
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outside of Columbus. The heavy growth within the city limits
resulted in rapid expansion of Columbus' solid waste management
system. The city has kept a monopoly on residential collection,
but currently services only 65 commerical customers. The com-
mercial service is now being phased out, and most commercial
generators are serviced by private haulers in the area.
Labor-management relations have not exhibited any unusual
patterns. Approximately two years ago there was a strike over
salaries which originated with the sewage treatment workers and
spread to most city employees. The sanitation workers in
Columbus were not unionized until the American Federation of
State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) entered the pic-
ture in 1971. However, until October 1972 the union was still
uncertain of the size of its membership. At that time the union
succeeded in persuading city management to sign an agreement giving
the union the right to negotiate on behalf of its members and es-
tablishing wages and fringe benefits. Now most sanitation workers
are members of the AFSCME.
The disposal system has been relatively slow to evolve, but
will soon be undergoing change. Columbus has long used open
dumps and, at the beginning of 1972, the city was operating two
landfills without any fixed operational criteria. The State of
Ohio then served notice on Columbus to close down these facili-
ties by July of 1972, or upgrade them to sanitary landfills.
One site was closed down and all equipment transferred to the
other site because a new freeway was planned to pass through
one of the sites and the city had insufficient equipment to oper-
ate two sanitary landfills. The city is currently operating this
one site in the southwest section of the city and adheres to the
state criteria for sanitary landfills.
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The most recent development in Columbus' solid waste
management system was initiated by a study undertaken one year
ago. The study showed that each collection crew was spending
an average of over two hours a day for hauls to the landfill.
Also, collection trucks were being damaged at the landfill. The
result of this study was for the city to let bids on a system of
transfer stations which are now under construction, \7hen the
pulverized refuse facilities become available, the city will seek
a slackening of some sanitary landfill criteria, such as daily
cover requirements. The characteristics of these facilities will
be discussed at length in the next chapter.
4.4: Agencies Impacting the Columbus Solid Waste
Management System
4.4.1: State Level Agencies
Ohio Department of Health/Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
The State of Ohio has the authority to regulate the disposal
of solid wastes within the state. Enabled by Sections 3734.01 and
3734.11 of the Ohio Revised Code, the Public Health Council of the
State Board of Health has adopted regulations and minimum standards
to assure that all solid waste disposal sites be "located,
maintained, and operated in a manner so as not to create a
nuisance, cause or contribute to water or air pollution, or
create a health hazard." Subsequent to the adoption of this
code, the Ohio Department of Health created a Solid Waste
Section within the Division of Engineering to develop an overall
solid waste program.
The established objectives of the Solid Waste Section are to:
1. Survey existing solid waste programs and practices
in an effort to obtain comprehensive information
from the entire state.
2. Offer program consultation and advice, and to
review for approval all plans for new disposal
sites and facilities.
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3. Prepare and conduct orientation sessions for -
state and local health department personnel.
4. Prepare and conduct informational meetings with
other state agencies, county and local govern-
ments and interested organizations, professional
associations, and public officials.
5. Prepare educational materials for the public.
6. Promote and carry out legislation necessary for
proper solid waste programs.
Following the guidelines set up by the Bureau of Solid Waste
Management,-' members of the Solid Waste Section conducted a de-
tailed investigation of over 800 land disposal sites and facili-
ties as a part of the National Solid Waste Survey. Many un-
satisfactory conditions were documented and were supported by
hundreds of color slides and photographs. Every county, city,
and incorporated village was visited and information was obtained
on the solid waste practices of each community.
Information obtained from the survey indicated that the ex-
isting conditions of many disposal sites posed potential pollu-
tion hazards to air, ground waters and surface waters, and in
some areas the problems of solid waste had become critical. The
survey provided a data base on the various aspects of solid waste
handling and disposal and demonstrated the need for an overall
planned program. Additional emphasis was indicated for the areas
of legislation, financing, technical assistance and consultation,
public awareness programs, and personnel training. As more data
became available, it was recognized that more leadership was
necessary at the state level and that good, reasonable, and en-
forceable state legislation was imperative.
These findings led to the creation of the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency in October 1972. The Ohio EPA consolidated the
-' Now the Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
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functions and powers of the old Ohio Water Pollution and Air
Pollution Control Boards. The Ohio EPA director is now responsible
for the administration of 60,000 to 90,000 air pollution permits
and 2,000 water pollution permits. He also has authority over
solid waste disposal standards.
The Ohio EPA is currently working with municipalities to
find alternative methods of solid waste disposal to eliminate the
practice of open burning. It has been estimated that 300,000
tons of airborne particulate matter are generated in Ohio each
year from the open burning of trash and leaves. The Ohio EPA is
helping to establish new refuse disposal systems including re-
cycling, landfilling, pulverizing, and composting to alleviate
this problem.
This agency will review the progress of the Columbus trans-
fer station/pulverization experiment. The Ohio EPA will then
be responsible for deciding if the methodology is satisfactory
in terms of environmental and health factors. The issuance of
a permit will depend on the critical question of the necessity
to provide daily cover on a pulverized mixed refuse landfill.
The Ohio EPA will retain the responsibility for surveillance
and monitoring of Columbus's solid waste disposal practices,
although the actual performance of surveillance/monitoring may
be delegated to a local authority.
4.4.2: Local Level Agencies
Environmental Health Project
The Environmental Health Project, sponsored by the City of
Columbus, is designed to correct or alleviate environmental
blight and health problems by person-to-person contact and edu-
cation. Health aides assigned to the project have gone about this
task by informing residents or landlords that they are in viola-
tion of Health Codes, by seeking compliance with the codes from
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the person responsible, and by counseling them in proper health
methods.
At the time of the site visit, project personnel had con-
tacted 796 persons in the area converning environmental health
problems. The aides had investigated 181 complaints and had
issued 309 courtesy notices to tenants or landlords to comply
with city health ordinances. The project has received compliance
from 153 tenants or landlords. Aides of the project have notified
the Police Department of 46 junked automobiles requiring removal
from the model city area. The bulk refuse service, operating on
the first and third Mondays of each month, has removed 251 truck-
loads of bulk refuse from 262 residences in the area.
During July, 1972, 458 families received free waste con-
tainers through the project. At the present time the container
supply is exhausted but passage of an ordinance by City Council
is being sought which will allow more containers to be purchased.
• August 31, 1972 marked the end of the Summer Clean-Up project
sponsored by the Youth Service Bureau. The clean-up crews, which
worked in the model city area, were supported by the Environmental
Health Project which provided the young workers with brooms,
rakes, shovels, weed cutters and gloves with which to carry out
their tasks.
At the present time, project management is in the process
of resurveying the model city area to determine the effectiveness
of the services offered during the first action year. This task
will help to accurately determine the most important problems
in the area and what changes in approach will have to be made to
deal more effectively with these problems.
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Local No. 1632, American Federation of State, County, and
Municipal Employees
The Sanitation Division workers are represented by Local 1632
of the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employ-
ees, AFL-CIO. The union appears to maintain good relations with
the city administration. A two-year agreement was recently nego-
tiated between the city and the union and went into effect on
October 2, 1972. Among the advantages won by the union at this
time was a considerable increase in wages and fringe benefits
The starting pay for new sanitation workers rose from $1.89/hour
to $3.46/hour. The minimum wage for tenured employees was pegged
at $3.88/hour. Wages for these workers will reach a maximum of
$4.13/hour under the terms of the present agreement. Vacation
leave time has been increased and varies according to tenure.
Hospitalization and death benefits up to $10,000 are also pro-
vided. A retirement system, with a pension, permits employees to
retire either at age 65 or after 35 years of service. This
agreement was negotiated by the City of Columbus' Labor Relations
Administrator, Finance Director, and Utilities Director, and the
Director of the Executive Board of Local No. 1632.
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SOLID WASTE SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
The solid waste system in Columbus is currently in a period
of transition. The problem of inadequate disposal facilities
with its consequent burden on the collection system has resulted
in the decision to implement more advanced concepts of solid
waste management. These consist of a system of transfer sta-
tions which will have refuse pulverizers incorporated in them.
In addition to reducing haul distances for the collection fleet,
the pulverized waste output from these stations should occupy
less space in a landfill and may eliminate many of the common
operating difficulties associated with sanitary landfilling.
Details of the present system are first presented below, fol-
lowed by a description of the planned system.
The collection and disposal of solid waste for the City of
Columbus is administered by the Division of Sanitation of the
Department of Public Services. The division's responsibilities
also include:
• Inspection of all licensed, privately operated
solid waste disposal sites within the corporate
limits of the city.
• Inspection of all private refuse hauler vehicles
to ensure compliance with city specifications
before issuance or renewal of a city license.
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• Employee safety and training programs, and
operation of clean-up campaigns in coopera-
tion with various neighborhood organizations.
• Improvement of policies and procedures through
constant evaluation and research.
• Public relations and litter control program
(Program Against Litter or P.A.L.).
• Issuance of permits to use facilities at city
landfills.
Street cleaning activities are the responsibility of the Divi-
sion of Engineering and Construction of the Department of Public
Service.
The collection and disposal function characteristics are
first discussed in detail in this chapter, followed by a descrip-
tion of the personnel and equipment involved in these services.
Efficiency and productivity calculations of the system are then
presented. Finally, the aspects of the planned transfer station/
pulverizer system are discussed.
5.1: Authorization and Regulation
Solid waste operations in the City of Columbus are per-
formed by the Department of Public Services' Division of Sanita-
tion under the authorization of "Title Thirteen - Garbage and
Rubbish Code" of the Columbus City Codes. Article One of Title
Thirteen specifies storage and collection regulations, and
Article Three of Title Thirteen deals with disposal regulations.
Specifically, Article One defines:
• The terms: garbage, refuse, and rubbish;
• The containerization of solid wastes: the
requirement for receptacles; the type of
receptacles required; the location of re-
ceptacles; the unlawfulness of depositing
the refuse elsewhere than in these re-
ceptacles;
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• The responsibility of the city to collect and
dispose of refuse and dead animals within the
city limits;
• The requirement for businesses and other com-
mercial sources to remove or cause to be re-
moved waste accumulations from their premises;
the charges made by the city to perform this
service;
• The need to remove unsalable or condemned
products;
• The manner of "bundling" uncontainerizable
wastes;
• The unlawfulness of alternative storage
practices;
• The handling of apartment house waste storage
containers;
• The penalties imposed by violation of the city
codes;
• The license requirements for buying, collect-
ing, or transporting solid wastes in Columbus;
• The application procedure, fee, and term of
duration for such licenses;
• The container and vehicle requirements for
such licenses (including identification tapes,
prohibition of pushcarts, and regulation of
dumping);
• Penalties for private haulers in violation of
the city codes.
Article Three of Title Thirteen prescribes the proper oper-
ation incinerators, landfills, and dumps. Currently, the city
does not operate either incinerators or dumps. For city-
controlled landfills, Article Three specifies:
• The fees charged to users of city-controlled
landfills;
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• Those users exempted from these fees;
• The powers of the Director of Public Service
to prohibit or regulate use of these sites;
• Permits, fees, and terms of permit required
of users of these sites;
• The penalties for noncompliance with the re-
quirements of the code.
Subsequent city ordinances have made minor adjustments to
the basic code. The relevant portions of the Columbus Codes and
amendments are presented in full in Appendix A.
The solid waste system in Columbus also operates under the
constraints imposed by the State of Ohio, specifically through
the Ohio Solid Waste Disposal Law and Regulations.
The Ohio Solid Waste Disposal law specifies that the Public
Health Council of the state will regulate solid waste disposal
sites and facilities; inspect and issue licenses for the opera-
tion of these facilities; and ensure that these facilities are
located, maintained, and operated in a sanitary manner so as
not to create a nuisance, water pollution, or other health
hazard. The Public Health Council is also authorized to ban
open dumping and burning, conduct annual surveys of solid waste
disposal in the state, and suspend or deny licenses for viola-
tions of proper operational procedures.
In addition, Chapter 343 of the Ohio Revised Code on
County Garbage and Refuse Disposal Districts gives county com-
missioners in Ohio the right to establish refuse disposal dis-
tricts within their boundaries. Jurisdiction over these dis-
tricts can include the territory of Municipal Corporations.
Rates and charges for the use of refuse disposal district
facilities can be fixed by any Board of County Commissioners.
These boards also have the right to pass improvement resolutions
and prescribe financing mechanisms when required.
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The Ohio State EPA is currently suggesting model regulations
and ordinances for the closing of open dumps, for the storage and
collection of solid waste, and for the construction and operation
of transfer stations.
The Ohio Solid Waste Disposal Law and Regulations, the Ohio
Revised Code, Chapter 343, and the proposed model regulations are
presented in detail in Appendix B.
5.2: Collection Function
The City of Columbus offers the following solid waste col-
lection services:
1. Collection from all residential dwellings on a
once-a-week basis.
2. Collection from contracted commercial establish-
ments and public institutions.
3. Removal of dead animals from streets, alleys,
laboratories, veterinarians, and private
property.
4. Collection of wastes from litter receptacles
that are placed on a public right-of-way within
the city.
5. Emergency collections as requested.
The Division of Sanitation has a total of 146 motorized
vehicles, including 103 packer trucks. The division currently
operates the 86 daily packer routes that service approximately
190,000 household units. Each packer truck hauls ar average of
two and one-half loads per day to the city landfills and the
collection rate for all city crews is approximately 900 tons
per day.
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5.2.1: Residential Collection
For the purposes of conventional residential collection,
the city is divided into 10 areas under the direction of two
supervisors who each manage five areas. A foreman is assigned
to each area and patrols his territory in a radio-equipped car.
He is responsible for seven to 10 trucks, two of which are
normally provided with radios. This permits the foreman to make
minor alterations in routing and ensures that all residential
units ai*e serviced. Each truck is assigned to a four-man crew,
but the high level of absenteeism among collection workers
usually results in a three-man crew. Under this condition, a
crew consists of one driver, who is in charge of the truck crew,
and two collectors. Each truck and crew services between 275
to 415 houses per day depending on whether it makes two or three
daily trips to the landfill. Each full load of the truck
(making an average of two and one-half loads per day to the land-
fill) therefore consists of waste from approximately 138 houses.
Residential solid waste is stored in 30-gallon containers
(usually metal) which are placed at the curbside. This must be
done at least one-half hour before the scheduled time of collec-
tion. In cases where alleys accessible to Sanitation Division
vehicles abut residential property, containers must be placed
on the alley line in such a manner as not to obstruct traffic
in the alley. There is no limit to the number of containers
that may be placed outside a residence for collection. How-
ever, safety regulations require that no container may be
heavier than the ability of two collectors to pick it up.
The Sanitation Division has distributed a set of refuse
collection rules to the residents of Columbus. These rules in-
clude stipulations that:
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• Containers must be placed at the curbside or on
the alley line in a manner not to obstruct traffic
or hamper the use of any through-way at least one-
half hour before the scheduled time of collection.
Containers placed behind any enclosure (fence,
gate, or wall) will not be emptied. All empty
containers must be removed from the curb or alley
line before the end of the day following the
collection.
• Containers must be watertight, with handles and
tight-fitting lids; be not more than 30 gallons
capacity; and be constructed of steel or approved
• plastics. Cardboard boxes are not considered
acceptable containers; boxes larger than three
feet by two feet must be broken down so that they
can be loaded into collection trucks.
• Waste or rubble resulting from building, remodel-
ing, repairs, or construction will not be collected
by the city and must be disposed by the owner.
Stumps, logs, heavy limbs, and loose brush will
not be collected by the city.
• Tree limbs and shrubbery must be cut not to exceed
four feet in length, and be tied securely into
bundles not more than two feet in diameter.
• Old furniture must be broken down and tied into
bundles not to exceed two feet in diameter and
four feet in length.
• Dead animals will be picked up immediately and a
special service is provided for this purpose.
It is estimated that to fully load a truck takes approxi-
mately one and one-half to two and one-half hours. The freeway
system permits the trucks to average 45 mph on their way to the
landfill. Because of the existence of only one disposal site
for the entire city, the turn-around time for a truck averages
one hour from being fully loaded to returning empty to its collec-
tion area. The crews work an official 6:30 A.M. to 2.30 P.M.
shift, usually with no break in order to complete their work
earlier than the scheduled eight hoars. This practice exists in
spite of the fact that the local union has fought for and won
two 15-minute coffee breaks.
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The driver of each vehicle is required to keep a Daily Log.
Consequently, a time and motion study could be available to the
city for the operation of each truck. However, these Daily Logs
have not been used for purposes other than to ensure that each
crew has completed its assigned task within a reasonable amount
of time. All of the driver's Daily Logs are compiled into a
Daily Report by each area foreman for the seven to ten trucks
under his jurisdiction. Finally, a Daily Progress Report is pre-
pared for the attention of the Superintendent and Assistant Super-
intendent of the Sanitation Division. This document compiles the
status of the solid waste collection system for each of the 11
area foremen (10 "residential" plus 1 "box" collection).
5.2.2: Other Collection Operations
The city also operates "box collection routes." These are
routes for the collection of waste from containers of three to
six cubic-yard capacity and principally service apartment houses.
The equipment utilized for this purpose are specially equipped
packer trucks: rear loaders with cable hoist attachments. The
city has nine such trucks under the supervision of one foreman.
For the purposes of box collection, the city is divided up into
five areas and service is rendered from one to five times a week.
Each truck collects from an average of 40 boxes per day.
Apartment house dwellings which have hoist-type refuse con-
tainers receive one collection per week without charge. There
are also 53 commercial customers on the box routes. These re-
turn a revenue of $14,180.12 to the City Treasury. Commercial
customers are charged at the rate of $1.00/cubic yard for refuse
removal and can request additional collections at this rate.
Apartment dwellings and commercial customers may rent containers
from the city at the rates indicated in Table 4,
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TABLE 4
RENTAL CHARGES FOR CUBIC YARD CONTAINERS
Type of Box
Daybrook-Roto-Pac
it
it
M
Dempster-Dumpster
M
ti
M
Cubic Yard Size
3
4
5
6
3
6
10
12
Rate Per Month
5.75
6.50
8.00
9.66
6.70
9.55
16.03
13.96
The Sanitation Division provides bulky item collection from
each residence four times per year. The equipment used for this
purpose consists of five open bed dump trucks and one old 16
cubic yard packer truck. Three men are employed per truck on a
6:30 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. shift to collect such wastes as old re-
frigerators, stoves, other "white goods," chairs, etc. The
Sanitation Division issues a notice to residents prior to the
week that bulk collection is to be performed in their area.
Figure 3 is a sample of this notice.
Some problems have been encountered with the bulk pickup
service in the past year. First, the notice to an area did not
designate when the bulk pickup would be performed on any given
day. In many cases, the public did not set the material out
until late in the week, thus causing an overload. Since the
routing was not planned, this condition required that the same
area would have to be serviced more than once. To rectify this
situation, it has been proposed that bulk pickup be modified
to include the following factors:
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In all areas, one open-bed truck and crew be
assigned to 30 packer trucks. Each open bed
truck would cover the area collected by two
mixed refuse trucks each day.
One open bed truck and crew be assigned to
alley areas continuously throughout the year.
A vacuum truck would also be assigned to this
crew.
Residents to be requested to separate the bulk
materials from the regular collection. The
two collections to be made on the same day for
appearance and scheduling reasons.
The foreman in each area schedule the bulk
pickup and each morning distribute leaflets to
the appropriate crews. These crews would at-
tach the leaflets to the cans notifying
property owners as to when a bulk pickup would
be made.
NOTICE
Bulk pickups will be made in your area on your regular
collection day next week . All
material that cannot be collected with the regular collection
should be set apart from the regular refuse.
Anything that can be lifted by two men will be removed,
however, where possible anything to be removed should be in
containers or bundled. Any articles which you do not wish
to have removed should be placed a reasonable distance from
either the curb line or the alley, in order to distinguish
from that which is to be removed.
It is our hope that we will be able to provide this
service at least 4 times per year. Thank you for your assist-
ance in helping to keep our City clean.
FIGURE 3: BULK PICKUP NOTICE
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This system would permit flexibility of the bulk pickup
system, especially if large volumes accumulated in any one area.
As practiced now, notices in the local newspaper would be elimi-
nated.
The distribution of collection equipment and personnel in
Columbus is shown in Table 5. A total staff of 483 men is em-
ployed by the Division of Sanitation (the street cleaning func-
tion is managed by a separate division). Of these, 453 men are
v
assigned to the collection activity. It is somewhat difficult
to designate exactly how many men are assigned to a particular
collection function as Columbus employs a large number of surplus
collectors and drivers because of the high absenteeism rate. As
a result, in the manpower/equipment allocation chart, the number
of men assigned to the bulky item collection and multiple family
residential collection is the number actually needed to perform
these functions. Surplus employees have been assigned to the
detached single family residential column. The number of
maintenance staff is low because most of the routine servicing
and all the major repair work is performed by the Municipal
Garage.
Collection equipment has been allocated in much the same
fashion as personnel. The actual number of vehicles required
for multiple family residential and bulky collection have been
assigned to the single family detached residential column,
although these vehicles could substitute in other collection
functions in case of equipment failure. For this reason, hoist-
ing cables will now be specified for all new packers.
5.3: Productivity/Efficiency of the System
The Columbus, Ohio solid waste management system has been
profiled in terms of various quantity, time, and cost ratio par-
ameters as presented in Table 6. The efficiency and productivity
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TABLE 5: MANPOWER/EQUIPMENT ALLOCATION FOR COLUMBUS
'*l-»^i-_^ Function
Personnel ^"~~"*-. ^^
Management — .
Clerical -1
Supervisor /Foreman-
Drivers 6/
Laborer /Collector —
Maintenance —
Equipment Operator
TOTALS
Equipment""- .
Packer Trucks —
Trailer Tractor
Front-end Loader
Dump Truck
Sedans
Bulldozer
Compactor
Drag-Line
Water Truck
Scraper
TOTALS
Mixed Refuse
Detached [Multiple Family
Single Family I Residential
Residential |& Commercial
13
94
259
7
373
91
13
104
I
12
21
1
l2'
35
10
lH/
Z±i'
1
14
-
Bulky
-- -1
6
18
As needed
24
1
5
6
Street
Cleaning
3i'
As needed!'
As needed—
2
5
Disposal
X
2
3
2
6
17
30
1
5
2
4
1
1
1
1
16
Administrative
3
17
20
5
5
Totals
3
17
19
115
300
14
20
486
102
1
3
10
21
4
1
1
1
1
145
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TABLE 5 (Continued)
MANPOWER/EQUIPMENT ALLOCATION FOR COLUMBUS
iy Management consists of one superintendent, one assistant
superintendent, and one business manager.
2/ Clerical staff consists of two Clerk Ill's, five typist
Clerk II's, one Clerk II, one Typist Clerk I, one Sanitation
Safety Inspector, one Sick Leave Investigator, one Store-
keeper I, one Custodial Worker, and four Radio Dispatchers.
J3/ Supervisory staff consists of one Refuse Collection Super-
visor, two Refuse Collection Assistant Supervisors, ten
foremen assigned to detached single family residential
collection, one foreman assigned to multiple-family resi-
dential and commercial collection, and one foreman and one
supervisor assigned to the disposal site.
4y Dump trucks used for bulk collection are the responsibility
of the foreman in the area in which they operate.
J>/ Street cleaning supervisory staff consists of one super-
visor, one day foreman, and one night foreman.
(>/ The actual number of drivers and collectors available on
any one day is highly variable. There are 112 collection
truck drivers in all, although only 86 are needed at a time
because there are only 86 routes. The excess number of
drivers maintained by Columbus is due to the high absentee-
ism rate. On this chart, six of the drivers have been allo-
ted to the bulky goods collection, and twelve (two for
Dempster-Dumpster operation; ten for operation of rear-
loaders with cable hoists) to the multiple family residen-
tial-commercial collection functions because there are
many trucks for those functions. The surplus drivers have
all been allotted to the detached single family residential
collection function. Drivers on these trucks are inter-
changeable, and occasionally when sufficient drivers do
not show up on a particular day, a collection worker may
be temporarily used in that position. The same situation
as described above for collection drivers is true for
collection workers. Tae same procedure as above nas been
used for allocation of these personnel.
?y Street cleaning is a function of the Division of Engineering
and Construction and is a part of the total street main-
tenance effort. Hence, the personnel assigned to this
function is variable according to need.
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TABLE 5 (Continued)
MANPOWER/EQUIPMENT ALLOCATION FOR COLUMBUS
8 Maintenance staff consists of one plant maintenance
mechanic, five automotive mechanics (.assigned to the
landfill), seven automotive servicemen I, and one building
maintenance man (assigned to the landfill).
JJ/ Operates tractor-trailer used in conjunction with two
Dempster-Dumpsters.
10/ These are mostly 20 cubic yard rear-loading compacting
trucks; four 16 cubic yard trucks are being phaaed out.
11/ This is used on the "box" collection route in conjunction
with the two Dempster-Dumpsters.
12/ These are Dempster-Dumpsters utilized for servicing 10
or 12 cubic yard containers.
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TABLE 6
PRODUCTIVITY/EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS OF COLUMBUS
•~— : — .
4-8
•g •;!
PI
O a
O D
si
£ «
«
Collection System
Description
(inc. Level of Servic
to
Collection
Cost /Effi-
ciency Figs.
Disposal
2 »
o o
HO
Misc.
Cost
Ratios
— -___ Collection Function
Parameter ~~ • — — — ^
Population Served _
No. of Rcsid. or Comm. Units 2/
Str.-c-t .Miles
AlUy Mvlcs
Area (6q. ini. )
Pop. dcniity (pco/sq. mi.)
Annual Amounts Collected (tons) —
Lbs. /unit/wk
Lbs. /person/day
Point of Collection -1
Freq. of Collection
Type of Storage Container *}
Avg. Dist. to Disp. Site 5/
Avg. Miles Dnven/truck/day
A\g. Hours worked/day
Direct men b/
Crf"«
Crew Sixt;
Trucks 7_/
Avg. wages and fringe for laborers^/
Avg. \vages %nd fringe for drivers^/
Stops /Crew/ Day
Tons /Cr c\v / Day-
Coll. Cost/resid. unil/yr.
Coll. Cost/DC-rson/yr.
Coll. Cost/ ton/yr.
Total Coll. Cost/yr. 'j/
Type tt. No. of Disp. Sites
Total Disp. Cost/yr. JL£/
Total Cost/yr.
Coll. Expense as % of tot, Exp.
Coll. labor expense as % of tot. Coll.
Col), equip, e.vpc'iisu a< % of lot. Coll.
Pi ><:. fi l)i -.p. expense- as % of tot. cxp
Proc. Si Disp. labor expense as % of
tot. disp.
Mixed Refuse
ictacned Single
"amily Residential
Multiple Family
Residential b Commercial
572, 543
152. 937
40.490
Bulky
193. 427
NA
Street
Cleaning
.. _
2^053
NA
155.8
3.674.86
W.JW
J1-*
2.*
Curb.W*/
alley line
1 /week
Cans up to 3D gal;
lundles up to 50 Ib.
a»,w*
'•*
(per DUX)
--
On premises
1 /week
Cubic yard
container
12,480
2.48
0.36
Curbs ide/
alley line
4/year
None needed
16
NA
b
375
86
3 to 4
104
NA
b
3b
12
3
14
NA
8
Z4
6
3
6
NA
NA
NA
Streets,
sidevva ! i* *5
-.
..
..
NA
8
Variable
Variable
1
Variable
4. 97/hr.
5.40/hr.
10/
356 — •
11 R
27.99
9.46
16.27
4.280,219.40
40 —
11.7
10.27
11.42
415,980.35
NA
..... g
1.41
0.48
21.93
273,670. 85
--
4.34
1 . 47
839,666
Landfill - one
339,352.32
6,148,890
94% (81% collection: 13% street clpaninp)
89%
11%
6%
NA
i
j
J
-38-
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TABLE 6 (Continued)
PRODUCTIVITY/EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS OF COLUMBUS
^L/ Population estimate has been made using a 1970 census
population of 539,677 taken from "General Population
Characteristics", U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau
of the Census, and assuming an average growth of 3%
per year to the end of 1972.
2/ Number of residential units has been estimated from
"Detailed Housing Characteristics", U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, based on 182,357 housing
units in 1970 with an average of 2.96 persons per house-
hold. This figure has been updated to match growth of
population and annexation by the city of surrounding areas.
^/ Based on city estimates that average daily intake, 5 days
a week, is 900 tons/day, or 246,400 tons/year. Scales
are currently being installed and will provide a more
accurate estimate of the actual weights collected by the
city.
Allocation of tonnages to different collection
functions is based on city estimates using the following
logic:
Bulky:
Multiple family
residential and
commercial:
6 trucks/day, each collecting 2 loads/
day, each load approximately 4 tons.
Thus total bulk collection =6x2x4=
48 tons/day. This collection is offered
5 days/week, 52 weeks/year. Thus
annual bulk tonnage = 5 x 52 x 48 =
12480 tons.
10 rear-loaders, each collecting 2
loads/day, all loads averaging
3.5 tons. Thus total collection =
100 tons/day. This collection is
offered 5 days/week, 52 weeks/year.
Thus annual "box" collection = i«.200
tons/year.
In addition, 2 Dempster Dumpsters col-
lect 40 tons/day together. Annual
Dempster-Dumpster collection =
40 x 5 x 52 = 10,400 tons.
Thus total box collection =
18,200 + 10,400 =28,600 tons.
-39-
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TABLE 6 (Continued)
PRODUCTIVITY/EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS OF COLUMBUS
Detached single 24.380 ' - 28,600 ** 12,480 - ?os
family resi- tons/year,
dential:
£/ By city ordinance,
J>/ City estimate.
<3/ Men allocated according to Manpower/Equipment Allocation
Table. Surplus employees have been allocated to the
mixed refuse detached single family residential column,
although any deficit in personnel in the other columns
would be made up by these surplus employees,
?y Surplus trucks allocated to detached single family resi-
dential column.
8/ Base salary $4.11/hr. + 21% fringe.
9/ Base salary $4.47/hr. + 21% fringe.
10/ Although this figure is based on calculations derived from
figures in this table, it is very close to the city estimate
of an average of 345 houses/day/truck, or 24 loads/truck/
day.
11/ City estimate. This figure indicates that each "box"
container collected by the city serves
5 x 12 x 40
12/ Collection costs based on 1973 Sanitation Division budget
estimate of $5,309,224, proportioned according to the
number of men assigned to each function (including administra-
tive personnel not included in this table).
1J3/ Proportioned according to number of men assigned to this
task from Sanitation Division budget estimate for 1973.
-40-
-------
data tabulated in this chart are based upon a number of
assumptions and estimates described in the attached footnotes
The reader should note that exact data was unavailable for
primary inputs such as quantities of waste generated,
Once-a-week curbside collection is provided and helps
to deep collection costs at a reasonable level in a high
wage area. The city is experimenting with paper and plastic
bags to replace the cans now being used. This may further
reduce collection costs. There will be further collection
cost reductions when the three transfer/pulverizer stations
are constructed in the city as it is almost certain that
routes will be lengthened and crew allocation will be cut
back.
41
-------
5.4: Disposal Function
The City of Columbus currently operates one landfill site
located on Frank Road on the city's southwest side. Another
city-operated landfill, at the far east side of Columbus on
Morrison Road, was shut down in early 1972 and now all city-owned
refuse packer trucks, along with some private haulers, deposit
solid waste at the Frank Road landfill. Private haulers are
charged a fee of $3.00 per ton, or $0.15 per 100 Ibs. However,
all waste received at the city-operated sanitary landfill is re-
stricted to waste that is collected within the city limits of
Columbus. Several private landfills are also located in and
around Columbus. The location of the city and private landfills
is shown in Figure 4.
The sanitary landfill operated by Columbus must conform to
the codes and ordinanaces set forth by the City of Columbus and
the Ohio State Solid Waste Disposal Laws and Regulations, which
are presented in Appendixes A and B of this report. In addition,
Franklin County has established Incinerator Districts within its
boundaries and has published rules and regulations for the dis-
posal of solid wastes in Incinerator District No. 1. This district
comprises all of the lots and land in Franklin County outside
of any incorporated municipality. The Franklin County Solid
Waste Disposal Rules and Regulations for District No. 1 are pre-
sented in Appendix C. These regulations define:
• Categories of solid waste (non-combustible,
combustible, industrial, chemical, demoli-
tion, etc. )
• Disposal methods (landfill and incineration)
• The role of private, municipal, and individual
haulers
• The role of the Board of County Commissioners,
the Sanitary Engineer of the county, and the
Public Health Department of Franklin County
-42-
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•€»
WESTIRVILL£_ j
Private
Landfill
Private
Landfill
x propos
Transfer
Station
Private
Landfill
w^wr
Proposed
Transfer
Station
n--
a"g"' I URBANCRESfj
COLUMBUS AREA
OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
LANDFILL LOCATIONS IN COLUMBUS _
V I "
FIGURE 4:
-------
• Provisions governing vehicles used for
collecting and transporting solid waste
• Provision for creation of an Advisory Board
• Agreements, rates, and charges for disposal of
solid waste
• Penalties for violation of the county code
The Sanitary Engineering Department of Franklin County presently
operates a sanitary landfill which serves the entire unincorporated
area of"the county.
5.4.1: City Landfill
The Frank Road landfill operated by the city is located on
Columbus' southwest side at the site of a city workhouse farm.
The site covers 97 acres and was originally flat land. The top
soil is a clay loam and extends to a depth of five feet, after
which gravel is encountered. The water table is 30 to 40 feet
below ground level. As a result, the site has been excavated for
fill purposes to depths as great as 40 feet in many areas. The
total life expectancy of the site is six years, of which three
years have already expired.
The site is surrounded by a fence on three sides, and
bounded on the fourth (the south side) by an earthen levee. The
levee was originally 25 feet high but now, because of excavation
on its northern face, is about 45 feet high. On the southern
side of the levee is a drainage ditch and then a road. The western
side of the site is also bounded by a drainage ditch and a road
(Route 104) and the entrance to the landfill is from this highway,
Frank Road, after which the landfill is named, runs along the
northern border of the site. Located between Frank Road and the
actual landfill site are a .sewage treatment plant and a rendering
plant. Sewage sludge from the sewage treatment plant is
filtered and then incinerated. On the eastern side of
the site is a river.
-44-
-------
An access road has been built to the site using compacted
demolition debris which has been covered with gravel. This pro-
vides a stable path for refuse trucks and, as a result, the only
area in which trucks get stuck is in the immediate vicinity of
the dumping area. Bulldozers with cables are used to pull trucks
out when they become stuck.
The method of operation at the Frank Road site starts with
the excavation of a trench. If water is found, a layer of soil
is pushed over the area and filling is started on this base. The
excavation depth varies, but can be as much as 40 feet. The ex-
cavation creates a ramp which is worked from back to front. An
area 200 feet wide by 1,000 feet long is excavated at a time.
The filling operation is performed on a face 100 feet wide by
20 to 25 feet in length, and usually 15 to 20 feet of refuse are
compacted in one layer. At the end of the day's operation, two
to four inches of cover is placed on the working faces and six
inches cover material on top. All cover material used is ex-
cavated on the site and stockpiled for use as need arises.
Up to ten trucks can dump simultaneously on the open face
of the fill at any one time. Bulldozers push the material up the
ramp and compact it. The turn-around time for a truck at the
fill is estimated at 10 minutes in good weather and 20 minutes
otherwise. The heaviest truck traffic at the fill occurs be-
tween 9:00 A.M. and 10:15 A.M. in the morning and 12:30 P.M. and
1:30 P.M. in the afternoon. All 96 city trucks use this fill
and each make about two trips to it daily. In addition, seven
trucks on the late shift also enter the fill. Commercial refuse
haulers' truck arrivals appear to peak at 3:30 P.M. in the after-
noon. Twenty-five commercial trucks use the fill, each entering
about twice a day. Of these, 20 trucks are 20 cubic yard packers,
and five trucks are one or one and one-half ton pickups.
-45-
-------
No major problems have been experienced on the fill site.
Minor fires have started, but have been controlled easily. The
settling on the site has been gradual. The only problem of
major concern to the site managers has been the high equipment
breakdown rate. This situation is attributed to the fact no
piece of equipment at the site is any newer than six years old,
many pieces date back to 1963, and some pieces still in use date
back to the 1950's. The Sanitation Division estimates that each
piece of disposal equipment that they use breaks down^every day.
A listing of this equipment is presented in Table 7.
Twenty men are employed at the site which is kept open
from 9:00 A.M. to 9:30 P.M. on a five day/week basis. However,
the site is not open to commercial traffic after 4:30 P.M. Three
shifts are worked: from 7:00 A.M. to 3:30 P.M.; from 9:00 A.M.
to 5:30 P.M.; and from 1:00 P.M. to 9:30 P.M. Two of the men
are currently on injury leave. Table 8 is a listing of the
personnel assigned to the Frank Road landfill.
Seven structures have been erected at the disposal site, in-
cluding a scale-house, office, mechanics garage, equipment
shelter, carpenter's shop, and two outdoor toilets. The scale-
house is equipped to permit computerized billing of users of the
site. The office is a one-room structure, and is equipped with
a washroom. The outdoor toilets are temporary structures which
are moved as the filling of the site progresses.
The city landfill is operated under a license issued by
the District Board of Health for the State of Ohio. A sample
application form for this license is presented in Figure 5.
The Health District is responsible for inspection of the sanitary
landfills, and has a standard form for this purpose as illustrated
in Figure 6. This checklist is used to ensure that the sanitary
-46-
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TABLE 7
EQUIPMENT AT FRANK ROAD LANDFILL
Equipment
Number
Bulldozers
Compactor:
Allis Chalmers 221
Caterpillar D-9
Caterpillar D-6
Heister (with sheeps
foot drums)
Drag line
Front-end loader
Dump trucks
Water truck
Rubber-tired pan scraper
1
2
1
1
1
5
1
1
-47-
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TABLE £
PERSONNEL AT FRANK ROAD LANDFILL
Personnel
Drag-line operator
Bulldozer operator
Equipment operator I
(Operate front-end
loader and tandern
axle dump truck)
Mechanics
Weigh-master
Landfill foreman
Laborers
(assist weighmaster
and direct traffic)
Maintenance
(General work -
builds sheds,
replaces light
bulbs, several
building repairs)
Landfill operation
supervisor
Truck driver
Number
2
5
3
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
Shifts
Number
assigned
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Hours
7:30 AM-3:30 PM
3:30 PM-5:30 PM-/
7:00 AM-3:30 PM
9:00 AM-5:30 PM
1:00 PM-9:30 PM
Injury Leave
9:00 AM-5:30 PM
9:00 AM-5:30 PM
Injury Leave
7:00 AM-3:30 PM
7:00 AM-3:30 PM
9:00 AM-5:30 PM
7:00 AM-3.-30 PM
1:00 PM-9:00 PM
7:00 AM-3:30 PM
7:00 AM-3.-30 PM
7:00 AM-3:30 PM
- Drives a truck 9:00 A.M. - 3:30 P.M.
-48-
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STATE OF OHIO
DISTRICT BOARD OF HEALTH
Application for License to Operate Solid Waste Disposal Site ( ) Facility ( )
(check one)
Name of Applicant
Address
Name of Site or Facility
Location of Site or Facility
Type of Disposal
(Incinerator, u»n
-------
SANITARY LANDFILL INSPECTION FORM
HeSLW DISTRICT
f*un« nf l.nnrtflll
flame nf nppratnr
HPthnri nf Qiiprat.mn - Tn.nrh
EsUmatprf Daily Rprpipts - J/iarfs „
Area nf l.anrtfill - T"fal ATP*
General Characteristics of Site - Quarry .
Gravpl Pit
I.PVP! Arpa
Hours nf Ol'Tntinns
Oengraphu- Area Kprvsd
t.icpnsp fjumhpr
t/»«-atinn
*rpa rirhpr
Ton* , . _. C\ibic Yar^i
ATP* piiipfi Estimatrd Rrmnipine lifp yrs
Rnrrnw pit
Strip mln,. Cr"Hv Hill»lH"
Marsh or Flood plain rtthpr
Ai M T° i, ..... ._. -. P, M Days operated per **ek
P»>p«l^tjnn Rprvert
Salvaging pprmittprt - Yf« N"
I. SITE - HE-Z4-04
Ground Water Protection
Surface Runoff
Leachate Runoff
Solid Waste in Water Course
Dust Control
Odor Control
Smoke Control
II. DUMPING & BLRMSC - HE-24-06
Open Dumping
Open Burning
in. Ai'Htoms
Site - HE-24-07
Plan - HE-24-08
COW1ENTS \.ND r.ECOT,!END\TIO\S
IV. OP!RATION - HE-24-09
(a) Operated According to Plan
(b) Access to Site Limited
(c) Dumping Area Restricted
(c) Blowing Paper 1 Debris
(d) Equipment Adequate
(d) Equipment Repair
(e) Properly Spread
(e) Properly Compacted
(f) Cover Material Adequate
(f) Covered Daily ^____
(f) Finished Cover Adequate
(g) Finished Grade Adequate
(h) Special Material Handling
Sewage Solids I_
Sewage Liquids
Hazardous Substances
(i) Vector Control
General Operation
Supplemental Control
(j) Salvaging
(k) Animals Excluded
(1) Fire Protection
(•) Hot or Burning Loads
(n) Records
(o) Responsible Party
Present
ODH - 4825. 10
Date
Sanitarian
FIGURE 6: SANITARY LANDFILL INSPECTION FORM
-50-
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landfill is being operated in an acceptable manner and meets state
standards. The city has been laying a final cover of top soil on
completed portions of the fill and been landscaping this area
with grass. Sewage drainage pipes, 20 to 25 feet into the fill,
have been laid to intercept leachate and transfer it to the drain-
age ditches on two sides of the site.
5.5: Street Cleaning
In Columbus, street cleaning is performed by the Division of
Engineering and Construction of the Department of Publi"c Service.
The street cleaning activity lies within the maintenance engineer-
ing portion of this division and is headed by a street cleaning
supervisor. The street cleaning section is divided into leaf
cleaning and collection, and snow and ice control. The personnel
assigned to these tasks include a day foreman, a night foreman,
an equipment operator I, an equipment operator II, truck drivers,
laborers, summer workers, and seasonal snow watchmen. The number
of curb miles serviced for leaf collection is estimated at 2,053,
at an annual cost of $20.42 per curb mile. It has also been
estimated that 24,000 cubic yards of leaves are removed annually.
A breakdown of street cleaning activities in 1972 is presented
in Table 9, indicating the cost of personnel and equipment em-
ployed for each function, the volume of debris removed, the curb
miles and feet cleaned, the costs per curb mile and per curb
foot, and the average cost per cubic yard of collection and
cleaning.
Columbus also has a litter control program, handled by the
Program Against Litter (P.A.L.) Committee, in cooperation with
the Division of Sanitation and numerous neighborhood councils.
This committee has a two-fold purpose:
1. To coordinate the clean-up drives with all
interested groups and the city.
-51-
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CO
CO
(-1
El
g
CO
o
s
1-5
O
H
W
w
PS
H
CO
S
ff!
g
li£|
M
15*3
**
Ml
:«-*8
>t&&
• •*
s2
i«2l
,J
68
l* O
-11
£000
38ST"
3**"*"
SOt-^ow«
52""*
O MCO O s s§a| g
C «M 3 - «4)«t H
•»SWfoe-HooS° c?
^* .. il'e^*jii'J2-ST^
*• «i c 3 c <
™ r-* o « a> w « *j»—' *4
*! * c V c: tr
151
**« c y e rj—y^ct n
wn-HM^CTftf^^j-Mfq
-"3 h
"* 3
« r!« • o
-52-
-------
2. To instruct the citizens of Columbus in
proper methods of preparation and storage
of their solid waste for collection, and
methods to keep the anti-litter program on
a continuing basis. This effort has in-
volved educating the public by selecting
supervisors to speak before neighborhood
clubs, church groups, and civic clubs.
5.6: Labor-Management Relations
The Division of Sanitation currently employs 483 personnel
in a full time capacity. The breakdown of this staff is pre-
sented in Figure 7. The division is headed by a superintendent
who is closely assisted by an assistant superintendent and a
business manager. The remaining administrative staff is clerical
and consists of typists, general clerks, a sanitation safety
inspector, a sick leave investigator, a storekeeper, a custodial
worker, and radio dispatchers. The collection system is
managed by a refuse collection supervisor with two assistants
and 11 foremen. The disposal system is managed by two men, a
landfill operations supervisor with one foreman. The greatest
fraction of the Sanitation Division's staff consists of refuse
collectors and drivers. In addition, a maintenance staff
man is attached to the Sanitation Division, although all regular
servicing and major repair work on the collection fleet is per-
formed by the Municipal Garage. The Sanitation Division main-
tenance staff consists of a plant maintenance mechanic who is
responsible for maintenance of the division's main office build-
ing; automotive servicemen who are responsible for dispensing
gasoline and performing minor repairs on trucks; a building
maintenance man who does odd jobs at the landfill; and auto-
motive mechanics who repair and service the heavy equipment on
the landfill.
-53-
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CLASSIFICATION NUMBER
Superintendent 1
Sanitation Assistant Superintendent 1
Business Manager 1
Clerk III 2
Typist Clerk II 5
Clerk II 1
Typist Clerk I 1
Sanitation Safety Inspector 1
Sick Leave Investigator 1
Refuse Collection Supervisor 1
Landfill Operations Supervisor 1
Storekeeper I 1
Refuse Collection Asst. Supervisor 2
Refuse Foreman 11
Radio Dispatcher 4
Sanitation Truck Driver 112
Refuse Collector 299
Plant Maintenance Mechanic 1
Custodial Worker 1
Automotive Mechanic 5
Automotive Serviceman I 7
Laborer 2
Truck Driver 3
Landfill Foreman 1
Power Shovel Operator 2
Equipment Operator I 5
Equipment Operator II 9
Building Maintenance Man 1
Weighmaster 1
TOTAL NUMBER FULL TIME POSITIONS 483
FIGURE 7: DIVISION OF SANITATION PERSONNEL
-54-
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The wages, fringe benefits, and other labor-management
factors affecting the Sanitation Division workers has been es-
tablished by a contract between the union (the American Federation
of State, County, and Municipal Employees) and the city adminis-
tration. This is under an agreement signed between these two
parties on October 10, 1972 (Appendix D).
Among the benefits acquired by the sanitation workers at this
time were:
• Collectors' wages immediately rose from $1.89/hour
to $3.46/hour for new employees and $3.88/hour for
old employees. These wages are to rise rapidly to
a base of $4.13/hour, after which there will be no
wage increases until the union renegotiates its
contract with the city in October 1974. Drivers'
wages rose to a base level of $4.47/hour.
• Fringe benefits of approximately 21% over base
salary have been obtained. These include fully
paid hospitalization; death benefits up to $10,000;
a retirement pension after age 65 or after 35
years of service; vacation leave ranging from 12
days/year for one to eight years' service to 22
days/year for 20 or more years of service; sick
leave with pay accrued according to tenure;
work stoppage under hazardous weather conditions;
etc.
Among other advantages gained by the Union and its members
at this time was a procedure for resolving grievances and a
union dues check-off process to be performed by the city.
If not satisfied by an oral explanation, employee grievances
are handled in four steps. First, a Grievance Form, Figure 8,
is submitted by the employee to his supervisor, with copies to
the union representative and division head. If the grievance
cannot be resolved at this stage, then the grievance is submitted
to the Division Superintendent for discussion and adjudication.
-55-
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COLUMBUS CITY EUPLOGT'S UUIOt! LOCAL 1632 - 2971 EAST FIFTH AVE. COLUttBUS, OHIO 19
AMERICAN ICTSft'iTION OF SI&T2, CO'JHTC, £ MUNICIPAL EMPLOYS (AFL-CIO)
:; FORM
(SCP l)
LOCAL liil-IE AM
City Division _ ^ _ File Mo.
fy Division Log
Qriployec's Kame: _ _____ __ ^ --.„..-. _ --, - — .--, ____ ____ .. - .
Present forking Title: _ ^ __ ^^^^. . Itept. ________
Statc.acnt of Gricvcnce clearly indicating the question raised and the
alleged violation of A&reei.ient and Section involved:
B. Bcinedy or Correction Requested:
SIGMTURES:
^.__._ _ •_ Union Rep.
Supervisor _ ________ ^ ____ ^ _ tote Received
City Disposition (Attachment if ffccessary) Date:
Si(*nature of Supervisor:
re of U.iion Itep.:
Date Received by Union Roprcsentcitivc
* * •«
to Supervisor
Copies to Union Rep. and Division Head
FIGURE 8: EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCE FORM
-56-
-------
Failing satisfaction at this stage, the grievance will be sub-
mitted to the Department Director and the Labor Relations Ad-
ministrator. Formal hearings are conducted at this stage, in-
volving the aggrieved, Department Chief Steward, and the president
of the union. Failing resolution at this stage, the union may
submit the matter for arbitration under the voluntary labor arbi-
tration rules of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Services.
There is now considerable emphasis on safety of personnel,
and the city has initiated an extensive documentation program
in this area. The Safety and Education Division requires an
accident or damage report to be filed. A copy of this document
is illustrated in Figure 9. In addition, the Sanitation Division
requires a sickness and injury investigation report, as shown in
Figure 10. The Department of Public Works must file a departmental
report of an injury to an employee, Figure 11, with the Department
of Industrial Relations within 24 hours of the injury.
The major personnel problem experienced in Columbus has been
the high absenteeism rate among the collectors and drivers. This
normally averages 15 percent and can rise as high as 25 percent
under adverse weather conditions. This factor has made it necessary
to employ a surplus number of collectors and drivers so that suf-
ficient staff is available on any given day to meet the needs of
the solid waste management system. A four-man crew is scheduled
for each collection vehicle, although each truck usually has a
complement of only three men. To partially remedy this situa-
tion, a sick leave investigator has been appointed but, apart
from this, no other action has been taken.
-57-
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. SAFETY AND EDUCATION' DIVISION
ACCIDENT OR DAMAGE REPORT
- — Nature of Report ----
Property _ -, Vehicle __ ,F«?rsrnsl _ ,D*te occurred
Location _ Time _ P.M./ A.M.
Who was at fault? _
Claimant
Address City State
Phone Bus. Phone
Person Involved
Name Division
Lie. No. Vehicle No. Brass Tag Mo.
Police Report: Yes No
(If '"yes" fill in remarks)
REMARKS:
description of Accident:
Remarks:
Investigator
Date 197 Chief Investigator
FIGURE 9: ACCIDENT REPORT
-58-
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DIVISION OF
SANITATION
CITY OF
COLUMBUS
SICKNESS & INJURY INVESTIGATION REPORT
NAME OP EMPLOYEE
DATE REPORTED
ADDRESS
TIME REPORTED
MATURE OP SICKNESS OR INJURY.
REPORTED OFF BY ' ADDRESS
jCALI. RECEIVED
RELATIONSHIP
IS THIS FIRST VISIT TODAY? YES NO (IF NOT) WHICH VISIT IS IT?_
UAS TIE EMPLOYEE FOUND AT HOME? YES NO IP NOT FOUND AT HOME,
WHERE DID YOU CONTACT HIII? IS EHPLOYEE UNDER DOCTOR'S
CARE YES NO DOCTOR'S NAME ADDRESS
IS EHPLOYEE HOSPITALISED? YES
DATE ENTERED HOSPITAL
,_ NAME OF HOSPITAL
ROOM MUIiBZR EXPECTED RELEASE
'./AS EMPLOYEE SENT HOME PROM THE HEALTH CENTER7YES NO
INVESTIGATION DISCLOSES
ACTION TAKEN BY INVESTIGATOR
REUAKKS
DATE
TIME
INVESTIGATOR,
CHECKED BY
FIGURE 10: SICKNESS AND INJURY INVESTIGATION REPORT
-59-
-------
CITY Or CCXUMBUI
MPAftTMCNTAl ftCPOftT OP INJURY OP EMttOYfl
Tats form muM be cutnplrtrd. In duplicate (whit* imf yHluw). snd tiotli copied futwirdixt to th« Department of Iiulusirul R«>Uih>i,s within
twenty four hunf" M hiving ill injuripfl and w
-------
5.7: Equipment Description
The Municipal Garage is responsible for servicing, maintain-
ing, and housing Sanitation Division Equipment. The Municipal
Garage is directed by a superintendent who is aided by an assist-
ant superintendent, an office manager, and a service manager.
The service manager has foremen in the auto shop, truck shop,
body shop, and service center reporting to him. In addition, a
maintenance foreman reports directly to the superintendents.
In addition to the Sanitation Division fleet, the Municipal
Garage is also responsible for 350 pieces of police equipment
(mostly sedans and ambulances), and 80 pieces of Health Depart-
ment equipment (mostly passenger cars). The garage has a
separate section for trucks; a separate area for passenger cars,
cruisers, and police ambulances; two lubrication racks; and two
gasoline pumps. In addition, 17 more gasoline pumps are located
throughout the city and drivers are issued credit cards for
refueling. The garage has 40,000 square feet of available park-
ing space. It works on a two-shift, 7:00 A.M. to 11:00 P.M.,
basis, the first shift being devoted to major repair work, and
the second shift to preventive maintenance,
A process of decentralization of the Municipal Garage is
now under way, partly because the existing structure lacks many
facilities as it dates back to the time when it was used as the
city stables. The newer satellite garages, to be located at the
proposed transfer stations, are expected to provide more maneuver-
ability for vehicles and reduce the number of hostlers (men who
line up and park vehicles) now required. Apart from the re-
structuring of the new garage buildings, these new stations will
alleviate the problems currently endured in the central garage.
There are no lifts in the present site and it also suffers from
drainage problems and occasional flooding. Also lacking are a
painting workshop and steam cleaning facilities.
-61-
-------
The current preventive maintenance program for Sanitation
Division vehicles consists of: lubricating each of the Leach
packer bodies twice a week; rotating wheels; lubricating, and
changing oil on five trucks a night so that each truck returns
for such service every 20 days; and replacing the filter on diesel
engines once in every 60 days. The preventive maintenance pro-
cedure is performed during the second shift of garage operation
so that trucks do not have to be pulled off of their regular
routes. Filter changes are usually performed on Saturdays.
The garage is also responsible for estimating the cost of
repair to city vehicles involved in accidents. This estimate
accompanies the vehicle accident report (Figure 12) submitted to
the Department of Industrial Relations for each accident. The
garage usually will not perform any repair work that may be
covered under insurance or warranty.
The Municipal Garage is reponsible for inspection of private
sector refuse haulers' vehicles. The garage is required to
inspect these vehicles for the following points:
• Visible structural defects (loose fenders,
partially enclosed bodies, etc.)
• Vehicle does not exceed state axle limits
• Vehicle has mirrors
• Vehicle has mud flaps
e Safety defects (broken headlights, etc.)
• No leakage from the vehicle (body must be
water tight)
• Tail gate is tight fitting
The Division of Sanitation then submits an approval form
(Figure 13) to the city auditor's office which permits the refuse
hauler to purchase a $10.00 annual permit for the operation of
his vehicle.
-62-
-------
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-63-
-------
CITY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
DIVISION OF SANITATION
425 SHORT STREET
TO CITY AUDITOR:
RE: REFUSE HAULER'S LICENSE
WE HAVE INSPECTED AND APPROVED, FOR REFUSE HAULER'S LICENSE
THE EQUIPMENT LISTED BELOW:
NAME OF OWNER ADDRESS
THIS EQUIPMENT HAS WATER TIGHT FULLY ENCLOSED METAL
CONTAINERS OR HAS WATER TIGHT FULLY ENCLOSED BODY AND
CONFORMS WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ORDINANCE 1307-1 333?-2,1307-3
1307-4. and 1307-99 SECTION 19-18 PERTAINING TO VEHICLES FOR THE
TRANSPORTATION OF REFUSE OVER THE STREETS OF COLUMBUS.
RICHARD JACKSON, SERIVCE DIRECT
KIND AND TYPE OF VEHICLE CLERK
LICENSE NUMBER TRAILER LICENSE NUMBER DATE
RECEIPT NUMBERREFUSE LICENSE NUMBER"
FIGURE 13: REFUSE HAULER'S LICENSE APPLICATION
-64-
-------
Until recently the billing procedure for the Municipal
Garage was to charge the individual divisions for parts and labor,
and derive its payroll and operating costs from the General Fund.
However, a recent change in billing procedure, which is based on
previous monthly bills for each division, now enables the Municipal
Garage to derive its funds directly from the General Fund divi-
sions. A computerized billing schedule is now available on a
monthly basis for detailed garage charges. The computer printout
lists for each vehicle:
• Activity Number
• Brass Tag Number (vehicle identification
number)
• Ticket number (gasoline ticket, garage order, etc.)
• Date
• Item (parts, gasoline, etc.)
• Quantity (of parts)
• Unit (of parts)
• Billed (supplies)
• Unbilled (labor through General Fund Divisions)
• Total cost
The garage has the authority to make purchases of up to
$1,000.00 of its own accord. The garage advises when older trucks
need to be replaced and such trucks are auctioned off under the
supervision of the Board of Purchase.
5.8: Financial Aspects of the Solid Waste Management System
The solid waste system of Columbus relies entirely on the
General Fund as a revenue source for the operating budget. The
Sanitation Division does collect fees for various services per-
formed, but these revenues are contributed to the General Fund,
-fi5-
-------
similar to revenues collected by other municipal departments.
Disbursements to the Sanitation Division are not identified by
source. In addition to the General Fund, the city administers
Self-Sustaining Funds for various departments such as street
cleaning, sewers and drainage, and airports, and Trust Funds
for sewers and sewage treatment, and water services.
The operating budget is not currently developed simultane-
ously wit.h the capital budget, but plans are being considered to
integrate the development of each on the same time schedule. The
fiscal year in Columbus coincides with the calendar year. Prepa-
ration for the budget usually begins in June for the following
year with the issuance of forms and instructions to the division
heads. These forms are completed by the division heads, in con-
sultation with departmental finance officers, and submitted to
the city finance department in early September. Upon review
and revision of these divisional budgets, to ensure that they
meet overall city objectives, the finance director compiles the
full city budget and submits it to the mayor in early October.
The departmental requests are either approved or revised by the
mayor and, in November, both the departmental requests and the
mayor's recommendations are submitted to the City Council for con-
sideration. Final approval for departmental appropriations
resides with the City Council. The cycle for the capital budget
follows the same process, except that preparation is not initiated
until September.
Since the street cleaning function is not included in the
Sanitation Division, the budget figures for street cleaning have
been added to the Sanitation Division's budget to provide a com-
plete view of the financial aspects of the solid waste management
system.
-66-
-------
5.8.1: Sources of Revenue
The Sanitation Division is funded entirely from the General
Fund. As seen in Table 10, Columbus used a wide range of revenue
sources to finance its municipal operations. It is interesting
to note that for 1973, over 64 percent of the General Fund
revenue is derived from "transfer income," which consists almost
entirely of income tax revenue.
Property taxes constitute only a small portion of total
revenues in Columbus, accounting for just eight percent of total
available resources. The relatively high income tax revenues
allow for this low property tax burden.
Since 1970, total General Fund available resources have
increased at an annual average rate of 19 percent, a growth rate
that provides adequate revenues for new and expanding city serv-
ices. The major source of this growth has been the income tax
revenues, which have increased at an even more rapid annual rate
of 26.7 percent. Other revenue sources have increased much less
rapidly, e.g., taxes - 16 percent, revenues from the general city
department - 15 percent, etc. Revenues collected by the Service
Department (which includes the Sanitation Division) remained nearly
constant from 1970 through 1972, but were projected to decline in
1973.
The Sanitation Division charges fees for various services it
performs; most significantly, the $.15 per 100 pounds disposal
fee at the city landfill sites to manufacturers and private
haulers. As shown in Table 11, the total revenues collected by
the Sanitation Division remained fairly constant since 1970.
These revenues represent only a small fraction of the total cost
of operating the Sanitation Division.
-67-
-------
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TABLE 11
SANITATION DIVISION REVENUES BY SOURCE
1970 to 1973
1970
1971
1972
1973
Sanitation
Landfill & $55,000
Refuse Fees!/
$75,000
$80,000
$60,000
:!/ Includes
a-Collection and rental of cubic yard refuse
containers - 25%
b- Collection of dead animals from veterinarians
and laboratories - 4%
c- Fee charged manufactures and private haulers
for use of city landfill (at $.15 per 100 Ibs.)
71%
-69-
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The street cleaning function is funded as a self-sustaining
operation, not part of the General Fund. This function is in-
cluded in the Division of Engineering and Construction, also
within the Department of Public Service. This division provides
the revenue to cover the cost of operating the street cleaning
service.
The city has a motorized equipment fund which it utilizes
for the purchase of Sanitation Division vehicles. It is currently
using Federal revenue sharing funds, together with the motorized
equipment funds, to purchase 15 additional packer trucks. The
revenue sharing fund is the sole source for the financing of the
proposed transfer/pulverizer stations mentioned in earlier sections.
5.8.2 Expenditures
The expenditures of the Sanitation Division are monitored
by monthly accounting reports that detail appropriations, ex-
penditures to date, encumbrances and unencumbered balances. This
computerized procedure is currently being studied and revised to
provide for more accurate assignment of costs. The monthly
statement provides data by major and minor purpose, and by
program for each division. Four programs are detailed for the
Sanitation Division - administration, refuse collection and
disposal, landfill operations, and vehicular and building main-
tenance. Six major purpose expenditure categories are utilized
by all departments of the city: personal services,
supplies and materials, services, debt service requirements,
other disbursements, and outlay for fixed assets. Within each
major purpose category are numerous minor purpose categories.
As shown in Tables 12, 13, and 14, expenditures for solid waste
management have increased steadily since 1968. The total costs
for the Sanitation Division have increased more than $2.2 million
-70-
-------
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since 1968 to $5.3 million in 1973. Expenditures for street
cleaning increased less rapidly, an increase of about $100,000
to $800,000 in 1973. For all solid waste activities, the in-
crease approximated $2.3 million since 1968, for a total of
$6.1 million for 1973.
Personal services constitute the major portion of expendi-
tures, averaging just under 90 percent of all Sanitation Division
operating expenditures since 1968 (see Table 15). This per-
centage has remained nearly constant during this period. Although
this seems to be indicative of a highly labor intensive operation
relative to other cities, it must be noted that the total costs
are understated by the amounts incurred for purchase and depre-
ciation of collection and disposal vehicles. Capital costs for the
Sanitation Division's equipment costs are provi.d,?dJfor in/the budget
of the municipal garage. Such costs which may be directly attri-
butable to the Sanitation Division equipment are presently not
specifically identifiable. Therefore, if these capital and de-
preciation costs were added to the present operating costs of
the Sanitation Division, the percent of expenditures for personal
services would be significantly reduced, most likely to the
70-75 percent range.
Table 16 indicates the average annual increase in expendi-
tures for the solid waste management system as 10.2 percent.
Personal services expenditures experienced an 11.4 percent
average annual increase, while non-personal services expendi-
tures increased just 3.8 percent annually. The latter is due to
the actual decline of 5.2 percent annually of non-personal
services expenditures for the street cleaning operations.
-74-
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TABLE 15
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURES
BY PURPOSE FOR SANITATION DIVISION
1968 to 1973
1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
Personal Services 88.6 90.5 89.5 90.1 87.9 89.1
Supplies.and
Materials
9.5 7.7 8.8 8.2 8.1 8.7
Services
1.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 3.9 2.2
Debt Service
Requirements
0
0
0
Other Disbursements .1 .2
.2 .1 .1 .1
Outlay for Fixed
Assets
.2 .3
0
0
.1 .1
-75-
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TABLE 16
AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENT INCREASE OF
SELECTED EXPENDITURES FOR SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1968 to 1973
Sanitation
Division
Personal Services
All Non-Personal Services
Expenditures
All Expenditures
+11.7
Street Solid Waste
Cleaning Management System
+10.7
+11.6
+8.9
-5.2
+3.1
+11.4
+3.8
+10.2
-76-
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5.9: Future Developments
5.9.1: Transfer Stations
The Department of Public Service of the City of Columbus
has felt for some time that its Division of Sanitation opera-
tions are antiquated. This has been due partly to the fact that
all of the division's trucks are housed in the Municipal Garage
near the center of the city. Since all of the employees start
work at the same time there is considerable congestion in both the
morning and afternoon. In addition, the trucks must drive from
this central location to their routes, which are as much as 30
to 45 minutes away. Also aggravating the situation is the fact
that Columbus has only one city-operated landfill located on the
south side of the city, requiring a travel time of over one hour
in many cases. At the end of the day, all trucks must return to
the landfill to dump and then return to the storage garage. The
total driving time at the end of the day could average two hours.
To alleviate these problems, in late 1972 the Department of
Public Service proposed a system of transfer stations which would re-
duce haul distances to the landfill. The transfer stations would
also permit decentralization of storage facilities, thus reducing
travel distances to the different routes. Three transfer stations
were proposed in the north, east, and west, respectively. These
would allow the trucks to empty their loads and return to their
routes in a minimum amount of time. This time savings would en-
able each truck to pick up an additional load each day. By
eliminating many truck miles and keeping the trucks off the land-
fill, the life of the collection trucks would also be prolonged.
Alternative disposal systems were also considered, specifically
baling and pulverization of refuse to conserve landfill space.
After extensive analysis and site observation of these techniques
in the United States and abroad, the Department of Public Service
-77-
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concluded that pulverization would be more practical and
economical for Columbus, especially as a preparatory process
for possible future resource recovery.
As a result of this investigation the city let bids for
three transfer stations equipped with some combination of proces-
sing equipment (compactors, pulverizers, balers). The results
of the bids received are summarized in Figure 15. It was de-
cided to accept the bid from the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company
for a transfer station/pulverizer combination system. VA pro-
posed schedule for implementing these projects was then prepared.
A summary of this schedule is presented in Figure 16.
As presently planned (and under construction) the new
Columbus solid waste management system will have three transfer
stations, the proposed sites for which are indicated in Figure 5
(Section 5.4, Disposal Function). These stations will provide for
inside dumping and will be designed to be compatible with sur-
rounding structures. The refuse will be deposited into dump areas
where it will then feed a refuse pulverizer which will, in turn,
feed a 75 -cubic-yard trailer. These trailers will then be taken
to the landfill and emptied. The pulverized refuse will be
spread continuously by two men using two medium-sized dozers. It
is planned to obtain state approval for the elimination of daily
covering, thus saving major landfilling costs. It is felt that
the pulverized refuse landfill would provide a more aesthetic
appearance and be more sanitary as demonstrated in other pulverized
refuse landfills. Also, damage to landfill equipment and to
trucks which must currently drive onto the fill would be reduced
by this system.
A major precept in opting for the pulverizer system is its
feasibility for coupling with future resource recovery systems.
-78-
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Kim m Hi MMin DIM n<*
Jaiuiry 9. 19*3
TO: RKJuid D. Jackson, Director of l\il>lic Service
tn>l: Robert C. Parkinson. Assistant Director
SI&IICT: «IJ> f°r S°llJ *J*tc frnii|»cnt
The hiiN for SoliJ K^te li|»ipment received ntccudwr 12.
19*2, have been cv.ilu.ited ba«*cO on the information -»uh-
iiitted by the bidders. Hie bids received were n» follows:
The Jeffrey htanuf.icturtrg Conr>.iny
Transfer Station w/puUeri:er unit - J569.S09.00 per each for
less than 3 units •-• $1,4M,1M no
Metal extractors -- 13,7*0.,1 Mr each
j units--- 41,310.:',
Total for 3 complete units |1.465.4*0.00
Control 5>$tems Inc. ?, Clenway Street Metal Inc.
(a joint venture)
TransfeT Station w/conpactor units - $141,159.00
3 units --- 423.477.00
2 Baler units -- Jl,870.463.00
Total {2,293.940.00
(No bids for metal extractors)
UXing only 2 transfer stations the total bid would be:
2 - transfer stations w/conpactor
units 5282,318.00
2 - Baler units - $1,870.463.00
Total $2.152.781.00
In la^i.irinn the bids to the «|HVifications, I find the
Jeffrey Mmuf.icturi n£ romp my • .
3 |wlvcrizer« f 60 ton/lir./7 hr. day • 1260 tons/7 hr. day
spec if uat ions require - 1200 ton/7 hr. day
Control SvstemN Q Clem* iv **iect M'tal
2 baler* • 40 hiilc«/hr. each • 80 halcs/hr.
• «M h.ilw/11 hr. day
bale- ate 3d" x 36" x 48" • 1.33 Cu.yd.
»ven« weight • 2,WO • 3.000 Ib.
« 2.0(K> Ib/Mlc x SSI) Kites • ago ton/11 hr. Jay
• 3,000 Ib/rulc x 880 talc* • 1.320 ton/11 hr. day
average cjp.Tcitv • 1100 ton/11 hr. day
spccifujtions require 1,200 ton/11 hr. Jay
This then Joc^ not BK-et >iKXIficat^oru
%Tnu»un weight of bale collect spec: 2,734 Ib.
United Container Service Inc. • Information not furnished
The estuuted i
follows:
costs of the various systems are
UUted Container Service Inc.
Transfer Station w/compactor unit (if 3 are $ 119,717.00
purchased) 3 units --- 5359,151.00
Transfer Station v/ccrrpactor units (if 2 are 1S9.SS6.00
purchased) 2 units -- $319.112.00
No further consideration to be given to ttxited Container
Service Inc., due to unit cost.
(continued)
The Jeffrey Manufacturing: Corpany
Power
Labor
Ftont end loader
Plant teintenance
Msc. (utilities etc.)
Total
W.177 per ton
0.249 per ton
0.042 per ton
0.S86 per ton
0.083 per ton
• $1.137 per ton
Control System Inc t Clenway Sheet >'ctal Inc.
Power $0.1756 per ton
Labor (.6784 per ton
Plant tbintenance 0.1887 per ton
Total -- 1.0427 per ton
Front Loader S Misc.
(not included in proposal,
price based on above) 0.12S per ton
Labor at 2 transfer
stations (estuiated) 0.2714 per ton
Total - $1.4391 per ton
Submitted by Bidder
Bids for Solid fcaste Equipment
Paj. 3
thited Container Service Inc.
Proposal states cost to be included at a later date.
The above figures, I sutmtted, needed clarification in
order that they coulJ be properly co—^.ireJ. The estimated
operating costs, suhnitted by Control iv^tems 6 Clenway
Sheet Metal covered only the cost of tne baler. Since_ 2/3
of the material n handled at the transfer station as "well as
the baler, the total operating cost per ton is considerably
higher. The bidder has not able to supply these figures.
The hauling nust also be taken into account since nore
trucks and drivers will be required with the bales due to
the double haul of 2/3 of the naterial. The es tuna ted
hauling costs are as follows:
Labor
Jeffrey Nbnufacturing Company
3 drivers per station 9 5.60/hr. - $134.40/day
t peak capacity (400 tons/day) • 10.33Vton
Control Systems i Clenway Sheet Metal -
jCt~b.iler
6 drivers - % 5.60/hr. • 268.40/day
t peak capacity (1,200 tons/day) • 0.224/ton
At transfer stations (2)
3 driven per station • 5.60/hr. • 134.40/dajr
» peak capacity (400 tone is the Jeffrey extractor, and
therefore, they did not «utait a bid since they assumed
Jeffrey would he bidding that itcn.
FIGURE 15: TRANSFFP STATION BIDS fTCFIVm PY
-79-
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CITY OF COLUMBUS
OHIO
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE
Zip Code: 4321S
Tom Kbody Jerome C. Gafford
Ma/or Deputy Director
Richard D. Jackson, P.E. Robert C. Parkinson
Director Assistant Director
PROPOSED SCHEDULE OF PROJECTS - ENVIRONteNrAL PROTECTION
Priority 1 - Sanitation Transfer stations w/pulverizer
A. Bids for equipment - received Dec. 12, 1972
Dec. 12, 1972
This contract should be awarded
as soon as possible. The con-
tract requires equipment delivery
and in operation in 9-1/2 months.
This project includes all equip-
ment required for the transfer
stations including metal extractors
for recycling.
Total Bid $1,465,470.00
B. Land purchase for North and East
sites.
Tentative sites have been selected
for both the North and East transfer
stations. In order to assure avail-
ability these sites should be pur-
chased as soon as possible.
Estimated Cost $ 100,000.00
C. Transfer station buildings (3).
This portion of the project should be
started immediately in order that the
buildings can be available when the
equipment is ready. An Architect
should fe hired now with contracts
to be awarded for the building
construction by June 1973.
Estimated Cost $ 754,530.00
D. Transfer trucks and station equipment.
This equipment will be necessary
when the transfer stations are put
into operation. Because of the time
required for manufactures and de-
livering contracts should be awarded
by June 1973.
Estimated Cost $ 200,000.00
Total Estimated Cost § Priority 1 $2,500,000.00
Priority 2 - Sanitation Truck Storage
facilities - three buildings
This project involves the de-central-
ization of the sanitation packer
trucks. In order to get full util-
ization of the transfer stations, it
will be necessary that these build-
ings are conpleted when the trans-
fer stations are put into operation.
The present storage building is under
design to be converted to a new
municipal garage and once construc-
tion begins there will be nowhere to
park the trucks under cover.
Contracts should be awarded on all
buildings as soon as possible in
order to have the facilities ready
prior to cold weather, no later than
April 1973.
Estimated Cost
Priority 3 - Elimination of street clean-
ing assessments.
The 1973 street cleaning operations
would normally be financed by revenue
from the assessments for 1972 street
cleanings. These have not been cer-
tified and the approval of this
proposal would eliminate the certi-
fication of the 1972 assessments.
Estimated Cost
$1,000,000.00
$ 300,000.00
per year
FIGURE 16: PROPOSED SOLID WASTE ACTIVITIES IN COLUMBUS
-80-
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Metal and paper separation are currently viewed as the most
likely candidates for this form of processing but are not yet
considered an economically viable project for Columbus.
At each transfer station there will be a truck storage,
building 60'x225' for 32 trucks.
The Municipal Garage will decentralize its preventive
maintenance program to these sites.
5.9.2: Paper Bags
The City of Columbus recently performed a pilot project on
the use of paper bags to replace garbage cans. The purpose of
this pilot project was to determine the economic and aesthetic
advantages of the use of paper bags in lieu of conventional con-
tainers. The paper bags for the project were purchased by the
City of Columbus at a cost of 8£ each.
For the test, the city chose a specific area in which to dis-
tribute two cubic foot bags to the residents. A notice (Figurel?)
was then distributed which advised the residents of the program.
Subsequent to the three-week test period, a follow-up questionnaire
(Figure 18) was distributed to participants in the program which
solicited their views on paper bags. The city is currently evalu-
ating this pilot program.
81
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NOTICE
The City of Columbus will be conducting a pilot project
on the use of paper bags to replace metal cans. Your area has
been selected for this project for the period of April 4 thru
April 22. The project will be carried out as follows:
During the period of March 27 thru April 1, there will be
6 bags distributed at each home at the regular collection time.
These bags are to provide for 2 each week for a period of 3 weeks.
Upon receiving the paper bags residents are requested to stop
using their reaular containers and use only the paper bags. Two
bags are furnished for each week and in most cases with a little
care in packing this will be sufficient. Should anyone require
additional bags, they will be available for purchasing at IOC
each at (TO BE DESIGNATED.) If this program were to be adooted,
most residents would use a special baq holder, that would hold
the bag in place and have a flir> top cover. The paper bag',"of a
design that it is free standing and can therefore be used for the
short period involved without the use of the holder. The bag
should only be filled to a level that leaves space to fold down
and seal the top. The bags are to be set out at the curb on the
regular collection day. Bulky items should be kept separately,
unless they can be crushed, and set out v/ith the bags.
Following the last collection a questionaire will be delivered
to your home in order that we may receive your comments on the
test. In making this evaluation we would appreciate it if you
would give us your frank and honest opinions, however, we vould
hope that you would take into accounts:- that in regular use you
would have a bag holder.
We would like to thank you for your assistance in this test
and through your cooperation v?e can gain the information necessary
to determine any benefits which could be derived from the use of
paper bags.
Should any problems develop during this period, olease feel free
to call at the office of the Division of Sanitation, teleohone:
461-8250. • '
Richard D. Jackson, P.E.
Director,
Department of Public Service
FIGURE 17: NOTICE OF PAPER BAG PROGRAM
82
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QUESTION A IRE
We would like to thank you for your assistance in the test project on
the use of paper bags. In order that we may make a complete evaluation
of the test we would appreciate your comments on your experience during
this period.
Personal evaluation of test:
Problems:
Is a bag holder necessary?
Recommendations:
Name and Address:
( Leave blank if desired)
Return to:
Richard D. Jackson, P.E.
Director of Public-Service
90 West Broad Street
Columbus, Ohio 43215
FIGURE 18:
EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PAPER
BAG PILOT PROGRAM
83
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APPENDICES
84
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APPENDIX A
COLUMBUS SOLID WASTE CODES AND ORDINANCES
85
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COLUfaDUS CITY CO CIS
TITLE THIRTEEN-GARBAGE AND RUBBISH CODS
ARTICLE ONE—Storage and Collection
Chap. 1301. Definitions.
Chap. 1303. Garbage, Waste Paper and Burnable
Rubbish.
Chap. 1305. Nonburnable Rubbish and Ashes.
Chap. 1307. Collection and Disposal by Licensee.
ARTICLE THREE—Disposal Facilities
Chap. 1321. City Incinerators.
Chap. 1323. City Controlled Landfills.
Chap. 1325. Dumps.
86
January 19G4 Replace.mt
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COLUMBUS CITY CODES
TITLE THinTEEN—GARBAGE AND
RU331SH CODE
ARTICLE ONE—Storace end Collection
Chip. 1301. Definitions.
Chap. 1303. Garbage, Waste Paper and Burnable Rubbish.
Chap. 1305. Nonburnable Rubbish and Ashes. (Repealed)
Chap. 1307. Collection and Disposal by Licensee.
1301.01 Definition of terms.
1301.02 Garbage.
CHAPTER 1301
Definitions
1301.03
1301.04
Refuse.
Rubbish.
1301.01 Definition o? terms.
For the purpose of Title Thirteen—Garbage
and Rubbish Code, the following terms shall
have the meanings respectively ascribed.
1301.02 Garbage.
"Garbage" is any waste collection of animal.
fruit or vegetable matter, and any matter or
substance or waste therefrom used in the prepa-
ration, cooking, dealing in or storage of meats
and fowl, fruits and vegetables. (§ 19.1 ;«Ord.
782-56.)
1301.03 Refuse.
"Refuse" is the general term encompassing
garbage and rubbish. (Ord. 510-59.)
1301.04 Rubbish.
"Rubbish" means all household waste matter
such as paper, straw, excelsior, rags, wearing
apparel, grass, trimmings from small shrubs,
tin cans, glass, metal, ashes and other waste
material accumulating about dwellings or build-
ings, except waste materials accumulated in the
constiuction, remodeling or repairing of build-
ings. (Ord. 510-59.)
87
January 19G9 Replacement
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CHAPTER 1303
Garbage, Waste Paper and Burnable Rubbish
1303.01
1303.02
1303.03
1303.04
1303.05
1303.06
1303.07
1303.08
1303.09
1303.10
1303.11
1303.99
Unsalable or condemned prod-
ucts to be removed.
Use of bundles.
Storing refuse.
Apartment house cubic yard
containers.
Penalty.
Receptacles required.
Type of receptacles required.
Use of receptacles.
Location of receptacles.
Depositing refuse.
Refuse and animal disposal
by City.
Collection from businesses;
additional collections.
Crou Reference*.
Regulation of disposal by Service Director—see CHT*. § '117.
Municipality collecting and disposing of garbage and rubbish—see Ohio R. C.
7115.43.
Garbage from nursing or boarding- home*—tee HLTH. 7Il.09(k).
Garbage in parks—sec Pus PROP. 9N07.
Depositing- refuse in watercourses—see W. S. 4 E. 1111.04.
Mixing nonburnables with burnables—see GAR. & R. 1321.04.
'Removing trash from market stalls—see MKTS. 1505.10.
Refuse and garbage in markets—see MKTS. 1507.06 et seq.
Placing refuse on streets—see G. OFF. 2375.09.
Littering streets—see G. OFF. 2375-14.
Garbage in dwellings—see HSE. 45.21.07. 4521.08.
1303.01 Receptacles required.
It shall be the duty of every owner, tenant,
agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge of
any and every building, premises or place of
business in the City forthwith to provide or
cause to be provided, and at all times thereafter
to keep or cause to be kept and provided for
the exclusive use of such buildings, premises or
place of business covered receptacles for receiv-
ing and holding, without leakage, all refuse that
may accumulate during the interim of municipal
refuse collection from such building, premises
or place of business or the portion thereof ot
which such person may be owner, tenant,
lessee or occupant in charge. (Ord. 485-59.1
1303.02 Type of receptacles required.
Each such receptacle as required by C. C.
1303.01 shall be made watertight, of galvanized
iron or other suitable material, as approved
by the Director of Public Service, with handles
and a tight-fitting lid which shall be so main-
tained in position at all times as to prevent the
contents of such receptacle from becoming wet.
and to prevent the ingress or egress of animals
and insects. Such refuse receptacles shall be of
such size as to permit the holding of all refuse
between collections, but shall not exceed a
thirty-gallon capacity. Provided that there i<
nothing in this chapter to prohibit the use of
large box-like metal containers as approved by
the Director of Public Service. Provided fur-
ther, that there is nothing in this chapter to
prohibit the use of other containers that are
watertight with a tight-fitting lid and are col-
lected and disposed of by a licensee as set
forth in Chapter 1307. (Ord. 485-59.)
1303.03 Use of receptacles.
It shall be the duty of every tenant, owner,
lessee or occupant of every dwelling, building,
premises or place of business to deposit all
refuse that is to be removed from the premises
by the City collection, in receptacles provided
for refuse and shall drain excess liquids from,
and wrap all garbage in several thicknesses of
paper. (.Ord. 485-59.)
1303.04 Location of receptacles.
fa) It shall be the duty of every owner, ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
of .ITI-. and e\ery building, premises or place of
bi:-ine_-> in the City which does not abut on an
al'ey, or \\hich abuts an alley which is not acces-
v! le to the Cky Division of Sanitation packer
trucks or which i-> an unimproved alley, to place
ail refi'.-e that is to be collected, by the City
l)i\i>ion of Sanitation, not more than throe
feet fror.i the curb nr curb line in front of any
and e\ery such ImiMing. premises or place of
business m the City, at least one-half hour be-
fore the scheduk-d date and time of collection,
but said refuse shall, in all cases, be k<-pt out-
side o( any fence, wall, enclosure, dwelling or
building on the day of collection.
(I)) It >lull be the duty of every owner, ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
88
January 19G9 Replacement
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4A
GARBAGE, WASTE PAPER AND BURNABLE RUBBISH § 1303.05
of any and every building, premises or place of
business in the City \\hich abuts on any alley
which is accessible to the City Division of Sani-
tation packer trucks, and which is improved, to
place all refuse that is to be collected by the
City Division of Sanitation at the alley edge
line or not more than three feet inside the prop-
erty line abutting said alle\. in the City, at least
one-half hour before the scheduled date and
time of collection, but in no event shall such
refuse be placed inside an\ area enclosed by a
fence, \\all or other enclosure, including any
dwelling or building on the scheduled collection
date and time, provided, however, that at no
time shall the abo\e said refuse be placed or
stored in such a manner as to obstruct or
hamper the lawful use of any alley or through-
way.
(c) At no time, shall any City Division of
Sanitation employee go be\ond any fence, wall,
gate or any enclosure, or into any dwelling or
building, for the purpose of removing refuse
from any such premises, building or dwelling.
(d) Subsections (a) through (c) above shall
not apply to any of the types of containers
o*- situations described in Sections 1303.06,
1303.07 or 1303.11. C.C.
(e) It shall be the duty of every osvner, ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
of any and every building, premises or place of
business in the City, whose refuse is not placed
at the point or points of collection at the sched-
uled date and time of collection, as set forth'in
this chapter, to dispose of the uncollected refuse,
at the sole expense of such owner, tenant, agent,
lessee, occupant and person in charge of any
and every building, premises or place of busi-
ness before the time of the next regular sched-
uled date and time of collection of said refuse
shall be placed at the point or points of collec-
tion, designated in this chapter by the next
regularh, scheduled date and time of collection.
(f) It shall he the duty of every owner, ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
of any and every building or premises in the
City to remove any and all empty containers
from the points mentioned in subsection (a)
above before the end of the next day after the
day of actual collection of said refuse. (Ord.
1468-68 )
1303.05 Depositing refuse.
It shall be unlawful to throw or deposit any
refuse whatsoever in or upon any street, alley,
public place or vacant lot. (Ord. 485-59.)
January 1969 Replacement
89
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5
Nonburnable Rubbish and Ashes
§ 1303.99
1303.06 Refuse and animal disposal
by City.
The Director of Public Service shall collect
and dispose of, through the Department of
Public Service, all dead animals and refuse
within the City and he shall make rules and
regulations for the collection and disposal of
the aforesaid refuse and dead animals from lots.
streets or premises of any kind, public or pri-
vate, within the City, except as provided in
C. C. 130308.
It shall be unlawful for any person, other
than the duly authorized employees of the City,
to remove any of the aforesaid refuse from lots.
streets, or premises of any kind, public or pri-
vate, or to transport them in any manner along
the streets or highways or on public or private
property within the City, except as provided for
in Chapter 1307. (Ord. 485-59.)
1303.07 Collection from businesses;
additional collections.
It shall be the duty of any person operating
or in charge of any grocery, meat or fowl store,
restaurants, clubs, hotels, institutions, associa-
tions, or any place of business having an accu-
mulation amounting to more than one thirty-
gallon receptacle of refuse as provided in Sec-
tion 1303.02. during a period of one week or
l>etween the interim of the regular residential
collection of such refuse by the Department of
Public Service to remove or cause to be re-
moved such accumulation to the refuse landfills
of the City or any recognized disposal facility.
Any such person may enter into contract with
the Director of Public Service for such addi-
tional collection and disposal at a charge of one
dollar (SI.00 i per cubic vard. Any person may
enter into a contract \\ith the Director of Public
Service for additional collections for apartment
houses in addition to the regular weekly col-
lection and di^>o--al at a like charge of one
dollar (SI.00) per cubic yard.
The charge for the rennl of the below lifted
cubic yard container* ouned by the Citv ~! .ill
be as follows phi- any charge of one dollar
($1.00) per cubic \ard for collection.
(. nl'ic }\m/ Riitc l\ i
Tvfc of Ho.v Sice Mi»it'i
Dayhrook—Roto-Pac 3 5.75
4 6.50
5 8 00
Dempster-Uumpster
(Ord. 701-68.)
3
6
10
12
6.70
9.55
115.03
13.96
1303.08 Unsalable or condemned prod-
ucts to be removed.
It shall be the duty of every person or agent
in possession of offal, meats, melons, fruits or
vegetables that are unsalable or which have
been condemned by the Columbus Department
of Health, forthwith to remove or cause to be
removed the same by a license to the refuse
incinerators of the City or to a recognized dis-
posal facility. (Ord. 485-59.)
1303.09 Use of bundles.
If the refuse is of such a character that it
cannot be placed in an approved receptacle,
then it shall be bundled and securely tied, no
bundle to exceed four feet in length, two feet
in diameter and fifty pound.' in weight. These
bundles shall he placed at tu -jame collection
point as the refuse receptacles. (Ord. 4S5-59.)
1303.10 Storing refuse.
Xo person shall store or accumulate, or per-
mit to be stored or accumulated, any refuse
upon premises under his control, except refuse
stored in containers as required and author-
ized by this chapter. (Ord. 3S6-67.)
1303.11 Apartment house cubic yard
containers.
Any newlv constructed apartment dwellings
of hve units or more shall provide cubic vard
containers of no k-ss capacity than three cubic
yards and upwards at the rate of one cubic yard
per every two apartment unit-,. All such cubic
yard containers and their location mu^t he
appnned by the Director of Public Service
though the Division of Sanitation before they
;ire put into operation (Ord. 701-08.)
1303.99 Penalty.
Whoever violates this chapter shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall he fined not
more than two hundred dollars (S200.00) or
imprisoned for not more than ten davs. or both.
CHAPTER 1305
Nonburnable Rubbish and Ashes
(Repealed by Ordinance 4hG-o9 passed April 6, 1939.)
90
August Ii»fi8 Replacement
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6
CHAPTER 1307
Collection and Disposal by Licensee
1307.01 License required.
1307.02 Application; fee; term.
1307.03 Container and vehicle
requirements.
1307.04 Identification tag.
1307.05 Residential collection.
1307.06 Pushcarts prohibited.
1307.07 Deposit on unlicensed dump;
revocation.
1307.99 Penalty.
CroM Reference*.
City employing scavengers—see Ohio R. C. 3707.39.
Licensing pushcarts—see B. REG. Ch. 673.
1307.01 License required.
It shall be unlawful for any person to buy,
collect, transport or engage in the business of
collecting or transporting through the streets
or public ways any offal, garbage, rubbish, or
ashes, without lirst obtaining a license to engage
in such business. (§ 19.18; Ord 782-56.)
1307.02 Application; fee; term.
Every person desiring a license shall make
application to the City Auditor by setting forth
his name, his residence if an individual, or the
address and place of business if a firm or corpo-
ration, and pay a fee for such license on the
basis of ten dollars ($10.00) per year for each
vehicle used for such purpose. Each license
shall be issued annually by the City Auditor
and shall expire on the thirty-first day of March
following such date of issuance. (§ 19.18; Ord.
782-56.)
1307.03 Container and vehicle
requirements.
Any person desiring to obtain a license for
this purpose must provide watertight, fully en-
closed metal containers, or a fully enclosed
body on the vehicle in which to place such offal,
garbage, rubbish or ashes while transporting
same over the streets or public ways of the City.
The City Auditor, before issuing such license,
shall require a written approval irom the Divi-
sion of Sanitation Su|>enr,tendent to the effect
that the vehicle and equipment conforms to the
requirements of this section. (Ord. 295-60.)
1307.04 Identification tag.
On the issuance of any such license the Divi-
sion of Sanitation and Sanitation Superintend-
ent shall issue a metal tag which shall be at-
tached in a conspicuous place upon the outer
left side of each vehicle used for this purpose,
and in addition to the distinctive number
thereon, the Division of Sanitation Superin-
tendent shall enter upon such identification p'.ate
in the space provided for the corresponding
state registration number of such vehicle, if a
August 1'JCH Replacement
motor vehicle, and if another style, the nature
thereof, and such identification tag shall be used
only upon such, vehicle. Such identification
plate shall not be obscured in any manner what-
soever. (Ord. 295-60.)
1307.05 Residential collection.
Issuance of this license shall not be construed
to permit the owner of such license the right to
collect or transport offal, garbage, rubbish or
ashes upon the streets of the City from residen-
tial property unless special permission to do so
is first obtained in writing from the Division of
Sanitation Superintendent. (Ord. 295-60.)
1307.06 Pushcarts prohibited.
No person engaged in the business of collect-
ing, hauling, or transporting through the streets
or pubhc ways of the City any rubbish, com-
posed of ashes or tin cans, shall transport or
haul such refuse through the streets and public
ways of the City with a pushcart propelled by
man power. (§ 19.18; Ord. 782-56.)
1307.07 Deposit on unlicensed dump;
revocation.
No person engaged in the business of col-
lecting, hauling or transporting through the
streets or public ways of the City any offal,
garbage, rubbish or ashes shall deposit on an
unlicensed dump within the City, or transport
for such deposit, any offal, garbage, rubbish
or ashes.
The City Auditor shall revoke the license
issued pursuant to this chapter upon written
certification by the Director of Public Service
that the license holder has violated the pro-
hibition set forth in this section. (Ord. 124-67.)
1307.99 Penalty.
Whoever violates this chapter shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not
more than five hundred dollars ($500.00) or
imprisoned for not more than ten days, or both.
upon a second conviction within a period of one
vcar, all collector's licenses owned by the vio-
lator shall he revoked by the City Auditor.
91
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ARTICLE THREE—Disposal Facilities
Chap. 1321. City Incinerators.
Chap. 1323. City Controlled Landfills.
CHAPTER 1321
City Incinerators
1321.01
1321.02
1321.03
Fees.
Collection and disposition of
moneys.
Transporting refuse from own
place of business.
1321.04 Mixing nonburnables with'*
burnables. (Repealed)
1321.99 Penalty.
Cross References.
Appropriating land for garbage disposal—see Ohio R. C 719.01.
Loads dropping or leaking—see THAT. 2141.09.
Garbape incinerator defined—see AIR POL. 2701.08.
Garbage incinerators—see AIR POL. Ch. 2725.
Incinerator chimney—see BLDG. I 4187.27.
1321.01 Fees.
The following fees shall be charged for the
use of the City incinerators:
(a) Garbage or mixed garbage and burnable
rubbish.
1. $.50 for the first 100 pounds.
2. $.25 per 100 pounds for the balance of
the load.
(b) Burnable rubbish.
1. $.25 for the first 100 pounds.
2. $.10 per 100 pounds for the balance of
the load. (§ 19.10; Ord. 782-56.)
1321.02 Collection and disposition of
moneys. «
All moneys payable to the City for any incin-
eration and disposal by the Ci:y shall be col-
lected at the orfice of the Division of Sanitation.
All moneys so collected by the D'.Msior. of Sani-
tation shall be turned over to the City Treas-
urer within twenty-four hours from the time
it is received. (Ord. 295-00.)
1321.03 Transporting refuse from own
place of business.
Any person or agent transporting such refuse
from his own place of business to the City
incinerator shall not be required to obtain a
license as provided for in Chapter 1307, but
shall have watertight, fully enclosed receptacles,
or a watertight fully enclosed body on his ve-
hicle in which to transport such refuse,
(§ 19.10; Ord. 782-56.)
1321.04 Mixing nonburnables with
burnables. (Repealed)
(Repealed by Ordinance 511-59 passed April
13, 1959.)
1321.99 Penalty.
\Vhocver violates this chapter shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not
more than two hundred dollars ($200.00) or
imprisoned for not more than ten days, or both.
92
Aupust H'TO- Replacement
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8
1323.01 Fees.
1323.02 Exemptions.
1323.03 Additional Powers of Service
Director.
CHAPTER 1323
City Controlled Landfills
1323.04 Permit required.
1323.05 Permit, fee; term of permit.
1323.06 Permit suspension or revocation.
Cross Reference.
Appropriating land for garbage disposal—see Ohio R. C. 719.01.
1323.01 Fees.
Providing any person, agent or licensee shall
remove refuse to certain City-owned landfills,
the following fees shall be charged:
(a) No charge for refuse removed to City-
owned landfills hauled in privately owned auto-
mobiles.
(b) Charges for the disposal of refuse de-
livered to City-owned landfills by any other
types of hauling equipment will be at the rate
of fifteen (15) cents per one hundred (100)
pounds; minimum charge one dollar fifty cents
($1.50).
(c) The Director of Public Service may
reject any materials that in his judgment are
unsuitable for landfill disposal or which may
endanger the public health or safety. (Ord.
449-70.)
1323.02 Exemptions.
The Volunteers of America, the Salvation
Army and the Goodwill Industries shall, \\hen
removing rubbi>h to City controlled landfills,
be specifically exempted from the charges pro-
vided in C. C. 1323 01. (§ 19 18-1; Ord 1545-
57.)
1323.03 Additional Powers of Service
Director.
The Director of Public Service, in his opera-
tion and control of City-owned landfills, shall
have the power to:
(1) Prohibit dumping of refuse by City
landfill permit holders whenever he determines
that the dumping of refuse by such persons on
a specific landfill will endanger the economical,
sanitary and healthful operation of that landfill.
(2) Prohibit dumping of any refuse b\ City
landfill permit holders whenever he determines
that a specific City-owned landfill is needed
for the exclusive use of the City and is inade-
quate to serve both the City and private haulers.
(3) Require all private haulers except those
hauling in privately owned automobiles to ob-
tain a City landfill permit from the Division of
Sanitation in order to remove refuse to City-
owned landfills. (Ord. 144-67.)
1323.04 Permit required.
Xo person shall be permitted to remove
refuse to City-owned landfills unless that refuse
originated within the City limits of Columbus
and said person possesses a valid City landfill
permit. (Ord 144-67.)
1323.05 Permit, fee; term of permit.
Every person desiring a City landfill permit
shall make application to the Director of Pub-
lic Service through the Division of Sanitation,
-125 Short Street, Columbus, Ohio, on such
forms as the Director prescribes, stating the
applicant's name, address, truck make and
license number and such additional information
as the Director may deem necessary. Xo charge
vsill be made for the permit
Every permit issuev\er> granted to the
Director. ^Ord. 144-67.;
1323.OG Permit suspension or revocation.
Any permit granted or issued under this
"chapter mav ' e suspended or revoked at any
time hv the Director upon satisfactory proof
of luincomph.Mice v\nh the provisions of this
chapter (Ord 144-67 ;
93
Aupust 1970 Replacement
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1325.01 Definitions.
1325.02 License required.
1325.03 Application, fee, term of license
and bond.
1325.04 Operational requirements.
CHAPTER 1325
Dumps
1325.05 Prohibited practices.
1325.06 Prohibition.
1325.07 Inspection.
1325.0S License suspension or revocation.
1325.09 (Repealed by Ord. 759-66)
Cross Reference.
Dumps prohibited-see ZON. 3349.01
1325.01 Definitions.
For the purpose of this Chapter the following
definitions shall apply:
(a) "Dump" shall mean any site used for the
disposal of solid, semi-solid or liquid putrescible
or inert wastes, whether domestic or commercial,
by depositing the same thereon.
(b) "Clean-fill" shall mean earth and inert
building material such as concrete, brick and
tile, which may accumulate as a result of con-
struction or demolition operations but shall not
include garbage, lumber, paper, shingles or other
combustible or putrescible materials.
(c) "Director" shall mean the Director of the
Department of Public Service of the City of
Columbus.
(d) "Person" shall mean person, firm, part-
nership, corporation or association. (Ord. 907-
63.)
1325.02 License required.
No person shall operate, conduct or main-
tain a dump within the Cit> of Columbus, unless
it is a valid non-conforming use of property
under the Zoning Code and said person possesses
a valid license to engage in such business o;
operation. Howe%er. nothing in this ChapU-r is
intended to prohibit the deposit of clean hi! in
a manner not prohibited bv any other thaptei
of this Code. (Ord. 967-63 )
Penalty, J 101.99
1325.03 Application, fee, term of license
and bond.
Every person desiring a license' shall make
application to the Diiector on such forms as
the Director prescribes, st.itir.< fhe location of
the dump, the name and address of all owners
of the properU, the name and address of the
applicant, the proposed method of operation, the
equipment and personnel to be used and such
additional information as the Director mav deem
necessary and each application must be accom-
panied by a fee of $25.00. Evcrv license issued
hereunder shall expire one \ear subsequent to
the d.»te of issuance.
The application shall be accompanied by a
bond given in favor of the City of Colurr.bus,
Ohio, in the amount of $1,500.00, with surety
or sureties satisfactory to the Director, which
surety or sureties shall be either persons resi-
dents of Franklin County, Ohio, or a surety com-
pany authorized to do business in Ohio, said
bond providing that said applicant shall oper-
ate said dump in strict compliance with the pro-
visions of the Columbus City Codes, 1959, and
that upon the cessation of operations said dump
shall be restored to a clean, sanitary and safe
condition. Said bond shall be for the period of
time of the license issued pursuant to this Chap-
ter, plus six (6) months thereafter. A certified
check in the amount of $1,500.00 payable to the
City of Columbus. Ohio, may be accepted by the
Director in lieu of the foregoing bond. The
amount of the bond or check is to be paid to the
City as stipulated or liquidated damages in case
of the failure of licensee to perform as provided
herein. (Ord. 552-64.)
1325.04 Operational requirements.
Each dump shall be operated in accordance
with the following requirements:
(a) Location: The location must be such that
there is no probability of the dump polluting
or interfering with natural watercourses. T'ae
Director ma\ require certification of the absence
of such piobabihty by a competent engineering
firm, at the expense of the applicant.
(b^ Access: Access roads shall be designed
and constructed so that traffic thereon will not
he interrupted by ordinan inclement weathei
and access shall be limited to authorized per-
sons bv (ffectheh fencing the site. Access shall
be completed restricted by closing an effective
gate at the entrance, except when an attendant
is oil duty
(c) Facilities: Toilet facilities and drinking
u.iter approved by the Director must be avail-
able on the site for the use of employees.
(d) Communications: Radio or telephone
communication facilities must be provided at
the dumping site for use in summoning aid in
94
August 1906 n<-plac?mrnt
-------
§1325.05
GARBAGE AND RUBBISH CODE
10
an emergency.
(e) Fire protection: Fire protection shall be
provided by one of the following means or an
alternate method approved by the Director:
(1) An adequate supply of \vater under pres-
sure available at the site together with suitable
hose and nozzles
(2) A stockpile of earth maintained close
enough to the working face sufficient to smother
anv fire that mav occur at the dump.
(f) Unloading of wastes. Vnlo.iding of wastes
shall bo controlled bv the operator to assiuc
proper placement for required compaction and
coveiing.
(%) Spreading and compacting: Wastes de-
posited at the dump shall be spread in a shal
low l.i) c-r which, when compacted will be ap-
proxiinatelv two (2) feet thick. N'o more than
four (-U such compacted lavers shall be de-
posited before an earth fill is added and a set-
ting period of 90 davs allowed.
(h) Dailv cover A laver ot compacted earth
covering material at least six (6) inches in thick-
ness shall be placed o\er all exposed wastes
by the end of each working d<-\.
(i) Intermediate Cover: A laver of compacted
earth-covering material at least one (1) foot in
thickness shall be placed dailv on all working
surfaces of the dump, except where operations
will continue on the following day.
(j) J-'in.il Cover. A laver of compacted earth-
covering material of at least two (2) feet in
thickness shall be placed over the entire sur-
face of each portion of the final fill not later
than (>"'• week following the final placement of
wastes in that portion. The final cover shall
then hv graded in a manner to prevent the for-
mation «>f water pockets.
(k) Hlowiny paper. The working area shall
be sulficientk enclosed b> a portable snow-
fence or othei bnrner to prevent the blowing
of paper from the woik,ng area and the entire
surface of the dump site shall be cleaned of
loose p.ipei at least once a dav.
(1) Dust Control: The dump site and access
roads .shall be watered, oiled, or otherwise
treated whenevei necessarv to control dust.
(m) Salvaging: When salvaging is permitted,
it shall be so organized as not to interfere with
prompt and sanitary disposal of wastes. All
salvaged materials shall be removed from the
dump site bv the end of each working da>.
(n) Vector Control: Supplemental vector con-
trol measures such as spraying or baiting to elim-
inate insects and rodents shall be earned out
promptly by the operator whenever the Director
deems such measures necessary for the protection
of the public health and safetv. ^Ord. 967-63.)
Penalty, * 101.99
1325.05 Prohibited practices.
Xo pei son shall cause, permit or suffer any
of the follow ing on a dump site:
(a) The deposit of sewage solids or liquids,
or hazardous materials;
(b) Am fires;
(c) The presence of any domestic animals;
(d) Dumping between the hour of 6:30 P.M.
and sunrise from April 1 to September 31 and
between the hour of 5:00 P.M. and sunrise from
October 1 to March 31 of each calendar year.
(Ord. 967-63. Ord. 646-66; Ord. 759-66.)
Penaltv, « 101.99
1325.06 Prohibition.
Xo person shall violate or fail to comply with
anv- provision of this Chapter. (Ord. 967-63. '>
Penalty, * 101.99
1325.07 Inspection.
The Director or his authorized repiesentative
shall inspect each licensed dump site as he mav
deem necessarv, but in no case less frequent
than once in each six (6) months period of oper-
ation, in order to determine compliance with
the provisions of this Chapter. (Ord. 967-63,^
1325.08 License suspension or revocation.
Anvj license granted or issued under this
Chaptei mav 'oe suspended 01 i evoked at any
time by the Dnector upon satisfactory proof ot
non-compliance with the provisions of this Chap-
ter. (Ord. SG7-63.)
1325.09 (Repealed by Ord. 759-66)
95
Angus! 196fl
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CITY OF COLUMBUS
OFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK
ORD. No. 449-70—To amend section 1323.01
of the Columbus City Codes, 1959, relative to
landfill dumping charges.
WHEREAS, the Department of Public Service,
Division of Sanitation, recommends this change
in the Columbus City Code; now, therefore,
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF
THE CITY OF COLUMBUS:
Section 1. That Section 1323.01 of the Colum-
bus City Codes, 1959, be and the same is
hereby amended to read as follows:
1323.01 Fees.
Providing any person, agent or licensee shall
remove refuse to certain City owned landfills,
the following fees shall be charged:
(a) No charge for refuse removed to City
owned landfills hauled in privately owned auto-
mobiles.
(b) Charges for the disposal of refuse de-
livered to City-owned landfills by any other
types of hauling equipment will be at the rate
of *(1) fifteen (15) cents per one hundred (100)
pounds; minimum charge *(2) one dollar fifty
cents ($1.50).
(c) The Director of Public Service may re-
ject any materials that in his judgement are
unsuitable for landfill disposal or which may
endanger the public health or safety.
Section 2. That existing Section 1323.01 of the
Columbus City Codes, 1959, be and the same
is hereby repealed.
Section 3. That this ordinance shall take effect
and be in force from and after the earliest
period allowed by law.
*(1) ten (10)
*(2) one dollar ($1,00)
Passed April 13, 1970.
WILLIAM P. HOERMLE,
President of Council.
Approved April 13, 1970.
M. E. SENSENBRENNER, Mayor.
Attest: HELEN M. VAN HEYDE, City Clerk.
96
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CITY OF COLUMBUS
OFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK
ORD. NO. 1468-68 —To amend Section
1303.04 of the Columbus City Codes, 1959
entitled "Location of Receptacles," and to de-
clare an emergency.
Whereas an emergency exists in the usual
daily operation of the Division of Sanitation in
that it is necessary to enact this legislation in
order to preserve the public peace, health, safety
and welfare; and
Whereas, it is necessary to change the re-
quirements of the location of receptacles, by
the residents of this City in order to facilitate
the collection of refuse by the City Division of
Sanitation, and
Whereas, it is necessary to amend Section
1303.04 of the Columbus City Code, 1959, in
order to achieve this purpose, now, therefore,
Be it ordained by the Council of the City of
Columbus:
Section 1. That Section 1303.04 be and the
same is hereby amended and enacted to read as
follows:
1303.01 Location of Receptacles.
(a) It shall be the duty of every owner, ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
of any and every building, premises, or place of
business, in the City, which docs not abut on an
alley, or which abuts an alley which is not
accessible to the City Division of Sanitation
packer trucks or which is an unimproved alley,
to place all refuse that is to be collected, by
the City Division of Sanitation, not more than
three (3) feet from the curb or curb line in
front of any and every such building, premises,
or place of business, in the City, at least one-
half (J-J) hour before the scheduled date and
time of collection, but, said refuse shall, in all
cases, be kept outside of any fence, wall, en-
closure, dwelling or building on the day of col-
lection.
(b) It shall be the duty of every owner,
tenant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in
charge of any and every building, promises or
place of business, in the City, which abuts on
any alley which is accessible to the City Division
of Sanitation packer trucks, and which is im-
proved, to place all refuse that is to be col-
lected, by the City Division of Sanitation, at the
alley edge line, or, not more than three (3) feet
inside the property line abutting said alley, in
the City, at least one-half (Jj) hour before the
scheduled date and time of collection, but, in no
event shall such refuse be placed inside any
area, enclosed by a fence, wall, or other en-
closure, including any dwelling or building on
the scheduled collection date and time, provided,
however, that at no time shall the above said
refuse be placed or stored, in such a manner, as
to obstruct or hamper the lawful use of any
alley or throughway.
(c) At no time, shall any City Division of
Sanitation employee go beyond any fence, wall,
gate, or any enclosure or into any dwelling or
building, for the purpose of removing refuse
from any such premises, building or dwelling.
(d) Paragraphs (a) through (c), above, shall
not apply to any of the types of containers or
situations described in Sections 1303.06, 1303.07
or 1303.11, Columbus City Codes, 1959.
(e) It shall be the duty of every owner, ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
of any and every building, premises, or place of
business, in the City, whose refuse is not placed
at the point or points of collection, at the sched-
uled date and time of collection, as set forth in
Chapter 1303, Columbus City Codes, 1959, to
dispose of the uncollected refuse, at the sole ex-
pense of such owner, tenant, agent, lessee, oc-
cupant and person in charge of any and every
building, premises, or place of business before
the time of the next regular scheduled date and
time of collection or said refuse shall be placed
at the point or points of collection, designated
in Chapter 1303, Columbus City Codes, 1959,
by the next regularly scheduled date and time
of collection.
(f) It shall be the duty of every owner, ten-
ant, agent, lessee, occupant and person in charge
of any and every building or premises, in the
City to remove any and all empty containers,
from the points mentioned in paragraph (a)
above, before the end of the next day after the
day of actual collection of said refuse.
Sec. 2. That existing Section 1303.04, Colum-
bus City Codes, 1959, be and the same is hereby
repealed.
Sec. 3. That for the reasons stated in the pre-
amble hereto, which is hereby made a part
hereof, this Ordinance is declared to be an
emergency measure and shall take effect and be
in force from and after its passage and ap-
proval by the Mayor.
Passed November 25, 1968,
WILLIAM P. HOERMLE,
President of Council.
Approved November 25, 1968.
M. E. SENSENBRENNER, Mayor.
Attest: HELEN M. VAN HEYDE, City Clerk.
97
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CITY OF COLUMBUS
OFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK
ORD. No. 701-68—To amend Section 1303.07
and enact Section 1303.11 of Columbus City
Codes, 1959, re: establishing fee to be charged
for collection and rental of cubic yard refuse
containers.
Whereas, there has never been established by
ordinance the rate to be charged for the col-
lection of cubic yard refuse containers and the
rental of city-owned cubic yard refuse contain-
ers, and
Whereas, it has been determined that newly
constructed apartment house dwellings of five
units or more shall provide cubic yard containers
of no less capacity than 3 cubic yards and apart-
ment house dwellings of more than five units
shall provide cubic yard containers at the rate
of one cubic yard per two units, and said cubic
yard containers mur approved by the Di-
rector of the Department of Public Service be-
fore they may be put into operation, now, there-
fore,
Be it ordained by the Council of the City of
Columbus:
Section 1. That Section 1303.07 be and it is
hereby amended and Section 1303.11 of Co-
lumbus City Codes, 1959, is hereby enacted to
read as follows:
1303.07 Collection From Businesses: Ad-
ditional Collections.
It shall be the duty of any person operating
or in charge of any grocery, meat or fowl store,
restaurants, club*, hotel':, institutions, associa-
tions, or any place of business having an accu-
mulation amounting to more than one thirtv-
gallon receptacle o[ u fux1 J?- provided in C.C.
1303.02 during a period of one week or between
the interim of the regular residential collection
u{ such refuse by the Department of Public
Service to remove or cause to be removed such
accumulation to the refuse landfill* of the City
or an) recognized disposal facility. An\ such
jx'rxm may enter into contract with the Director
of Public Sen ice for such additional collection
and disposal at a charge of: One Dollar ($1.00)
per cubic yard. Any person may enter into a
contract with the Director of Public Service
for additional collections for apartment houses
in addition to the regular weekly collection and
disposal at a like charge of One Dollar ($1.00)
per cubic yard.
The charge for the rental of the* below listed
cubic yard containers owned by the City, shall
be as follows plus any charge of $1.00 per
cubic yard for collection.
Cubic Yard
Type of Box
Uaybrook — Roto-Pac
Dempster-Dumpster
1303.11
Rate Per
Size Month
3 5.75
4 6.50
5 8.00
6 9.66
3 6.70
6 9.5S
10 16.03
12 13.96
Apartment House Cubic Yard
Containers
Any newly constructed apartment dwellings
of five units or more shall provide cubic yard
containers of no leso capacity than 3 cubic jards
and upwards at the rate of one cubic yard per
every two apartment units. All such cubic yard
containers and their location must be. approved
by the Director of Public Service through the
Division of Sanitation before they are put into
operation.
Sec. 2. That existing Section 1303.07, Colum-
bus City Codes, 1959, be and is hereby repealed.
Sf-c. 3. That this ordinance shall take effect
and be in force from and after the earliest
period allowed by law.
Passed June 3, 1968.
WILLIAM P. HOEKMLE,
President of Council.
Approved June 3, 196ft.
M. E. SEMSENBKE.\\EK, Mayor.
Attest: HELEN M. VAN HEYDE, City Clerk.
98
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APPENDIX B
OHIO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL LAWS, REGULATIONS,
CODES, AND SUGGESTED MODEL ORDINANCES
99
-------
OHIO
SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL
LAW AND
REGULATIONS
1970
£>HIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
450 EAST TOWN STREET
COLUMBUS, OHIO
100
-------
FORE10RO
The Ohio Department of Health has prepared this booklet for the convenience of those -con-
cerned with or interested in the statuatory law and regulations which govern and regulate the
disposal of solid wastes.
Ibe Solid Wastes Disposal Act was passed by the 107th Ohio General Assembly in 1967. The
Regulations, required by the Act. were adopted by the Public Health Council in May. 1968.
Portions of the law and regulations pertaining to plans for new sites and facilities be-
came effective July 1, 19f>8. Licensing requirements became effective January 1, 1969 and limi-
tations on open burning and open dumping carried an effective date of July 1, 1969.
Enforcement of the law, including licensing and inspecting, is a function of the local
h?a!ti: deportr.ent. Site investigation, plan approvals, surveys of local health department pro-
graos and technological consultation are responsibilities of the Ohio Department of Health.
OHIO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL LAS
Section 3734.01 Definitions.
As used in sections 3734.01 to 3734.11. inclusive, of the Revised Code:
(A) "Board of health" deans the board of health of a city or general health district, or
the authority having the duties of a board of health in any city as authorized by section
3709.05 of the Revised Code.
(B) "Director" means the director of the department of health.
(C) 'Health district" means a city or general health district as created by or under au-
thority of Chapter 3709. of the Revised Code.
(D) "Public health council" means the public health council as created by section 3701.33
of the Revised Code.
(E) "Solid wastes" means such unwanted residual solid or semisolid material as results from
industrial, commercial, agricultural, and community operations, excluding earth or material from
construction, mining, or demolition operations and slag and other substances which are not harm-
ful or inimical to public health, and includes garbage, combustible and noncombustible material,
street dirt, and debris.
(F) "Solid waste disposal" means final disposition of solid wastes by means acceptable under
regulations adopted by the public health council under section 3734.02 of the Revised Code.
(G) "Person" means the state, any political subdivision, public or private corporation, in-
dividual, partnership, or other entity.
(H) "Open burning" means the burning of solid wastes in an open area or burning of solid
wastes in a type of chamber or vessel v.hich is not approved in regulations adopted by the public
health council.
(I) "Open duir.ping" neons the depositing of solid wastes into a body or stream of water or
onto the surface of the Around without compacting the wastes and covering with suitable material
toadeptn as prescribed b\ regulations adopted by the public health council under section 3734.02
of thd R(,", ised Code.
Section 37;M.O-i Public health council regulations.
(A) The public healtn council, subject to sections 119.01 to 119.13, inclusive, of the Re-
vised Code, shall adopt, regulations having uniform application throughout the state governing
solid taste disposal sites and facilities and the inspections and issuance of licenses for all
solid waste disposal sites and facilities, in order to assure that such sites and facilities
will be located, maintained, and operated in a sanitary manner so as not to create a nuisance,
cause or contribute to water pollution, or create a health hazard. Such regulations shall not
concern or relate to personnel policies, salaries, wa^es, fringe benefits, or other conditions
of employment of employees of persons owning or operating solid waste disposal sites and
facilities.
(B) The director shall prescribe and furnish the application for license,inspect ion record,
and other forms necessary to administer and enforce sections 3734.01 to 3734.11. inclusive, of
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the Revised Code.
(C) No person shall establish a solid waste disposal site or facility after the effective
date of the regulations adopted by the public health council under section 3734.02 of the Re-
vised Code without first submitting to and having approved by the director detail plans of the
site, facility, and method of operation.
(D) Sections 3734.01 to 3734.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code and regulations adopted
pursuant thereto are not applicable to single family residential premises or to the temporary
storage of solid wastes prior to their collection for disposal or to the collection of solid
wastes by a political subdivision or a person holding a franchise or license from a political
subdivision of the state.
Section 3734.03 Open dumping and open burning. ,
One year following the effective date of regulations initially adopted by the public health
council under section 3734.02 of the Revised Code, all open dumping and open burning shall bt
conducted only under such conditions as prescribed by such regulations.
Section 3734.04 Inspection, licensing, and enforcement.
The board of health of each district shall provide for the inspection, licensing, and en-
forcement of sanitary standards for solid waste disposal facilities and sites in conformity with
sections 3734.01 to 3734.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code.
Section 3734.05 License required; transfer; approval of plans.
(A) No person shall operate or maintain a solid waste disposal site or facility after Jan-
uary 1, 19G9, without a license issued by the board of health of the health district in which
such site or facility is located.
(B) During the month of December, but before the first of January of the next year, every
persor. proposing to continue tr operate an existing solid waste disposal site or facility shall
procure a license to operate such site or facility for such year from the board of health of
the health district in which the site or facility is located. A person who has received a li-
cense, upon sale or disposition of a solid waste disposal site or facility may, upon consent of
the board of health and the director, have the license transferred to another person.
(C) Each person proposing to open a new solid waste disposal site or facility shall submit
plans and specifications to the department of health for required approval under the regulations
adopted by the public health council pursuant to section 3734.02 of the Revised Code at least
sixty days before proposed operation of the site or facility and concurrently make application
for a license with the board of health of the health district in which the proposed site or
facility is to be located.
Section 3734.06 Fee, special fund.
(A) The annual fee for the license required by section 3734.05 of the Revised Code shall
not exceed fi\e hundred dollars and shall be paid at the time application is made for a license.
Such fee includes the cost of licensing and all inspections. The board of health may exempt the
state and any political subdivision of the state from the payment of the annual license fee.
(B) The license fees shall be paid into a special fund which is hereby created in each
health district and shall be used only by the board of health for the purpose of administering
and enforcing sections 3734.01 to 3734.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code and the regulations
adopted thereunder.
Section 3734.07 Inspection; certification; right of entry.
(A) Before a license is initially issued and annually thereafter, or more often if neces-
sary.the board of health shall cause each solid waste disposal facility and site to be inspected
and a record to he made of each such inspection, und require each solid waste disposal facility
and site in the health district to satisfactorily conply with sections 3734.01 to 3734.13, in-
clusive, of the Revised Code.
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(B) Within thirty days after the issuance of a license, the board of health shall certify
to the director that the solid waste facility or site has been inspected and is in satisfactory
compliance with sections 3734.01 to 3734.11. inclusive, of the Revised Code. Each board of
health shall provide the director with such other information as he may require from time to
time.
(C) The board of health or its authorized representative and the director or his authorized
representative, upon proper identification and upon stating the purpose and necessity of an in-
spection, may enter any solid waste disposal site or facility at any reasonable time for the
purpose of making inspections required by division (A) of this section.
Section 3734.08 Annual survey; approved list; administrated by director.
(A) The uiieciui »'udll aurvc-y annually each health district, licensing solid wa^t" disposal
sites and facilities as provided by section 3734.05 of the Revised Code to determine whether*
there is substantial compliance with sections 3734.01 to 3734.11, inclusive,of the Revised Code,
and upon deter™ :r.ir.g that ther1 is substantial compliance, shall place such health district upon
an approved iisi. The director sliall make a resurvcy shcn in his opinion such is necessary, and
shall reoove from the approved list any health district not substantially complying with sections
3734.01 to 3734.11. inclusive, of the Revised Code.
(B) If after a survey or resurvey is made as provided by this section, the director deter-
mines that a health district is not eligible to be placed on the approved list or to continue
on such list, he shall certify such fact to the beard of health of the health district and the
director shall administer and enforce sections 3734.01 to 3734.11, inclusive, of the Revised
Code, in such health district until such time as the health district is placed on the approved
list, \\henever the director is so required to administer and enforce sections 3734.01 to 3734.11,
inclusive.of the Revised Code, in any health district, he is hereby vested with all the authority
and all the duties granted to or imposed upon a board of health by sections 3734.01 to 3734.11,
inclusive, of the Revised Code, in such health district. All fees required to be paid to aboard
of health by section 2734.06 of the Revised Code and all previous fees paid to the board whicn
have not been expended or encumbered shall be paid to the director and by him deposited in the
state treasury to the credit of a special fund to be used by him for the purpose of administer-
ing and enforcing sections 3734.01 to 3734.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code.
Section 3734.09 Suspension, revocation, denial of license; hearing, appeal.
The board of health of a health district in which a solid waste disposal facility or site
is located may suspend, revoke, or deny a license for violation of sections 3734.01 to 3734.11,
inclusne, of the Revised Code. Unless there is an immediate serious public health hazard, no
suspension, revocation, or denial of a license shall be made effective until the operator of the
solid »astc disposal facilit> has been given notice in writing of the specific violations and a
reasonable time to make corrections.
Bffoie the board of health may suspend, revoke, or deny a license to a political subdivi-
sion, it shall afford the political subdivision a hearing to which time thepolitical subdivision
may present evidence concerninu its financial ability to comply with the regulations adopted by
the public health council pursuant to section 3734.02 of the Revised Code. Such evidence may
include and the board of health shall consider the existing limitations on the taxing power and
debt Imitations of the political subdivision, the extent to which the political subdivision is
levying taxes and has incurred debt, and the other governmental and proprietary needs of the
political subdivision as such needs affect its remaining authority to levy taxes and incur debt
to comply with the regulations adapted by the public health council. After considering the evi-
dence the board of health may grant the political subdivision a conditional license to operate a
solid Haste disposal site or facility, without full compliance with the regulations adopted by
the public health council and establish a reasonable time for full compliance by said political
subdi\isiun. which time may be extended by the board of health from time to time for good cause.
Appial from miy suspension, revocation, or denial of a license shall be made in accordance with
sect ums 110.01 to 119.13, incliiMve, of the Revised Code, where such action is proposed by the
director, and in accord ince with Chapter 250G. of the Revised Code when such action is taken by
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a board of health.
Section 3734.10 Prosecution; injunction.
The prosecuting attorney of the county or the city solicitor or attorney of the city, upon
complaint of the respective board of health of the health district or the director, shall prose-
cute to termination or bring an action for injunction against any person violating sections
3734.01 to 3734.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code. The common pleas court in which an action
for injunction is filed has the jurisdiction to grant injunctive relief upon a showing that the
respondent named in the petition is operating a solid waste disposal site or facility in viola-
tion of sections 3734.01 to 3734.11. inclusive, of the Revised Code.
Section 3734.11 Prohibition; willfully hindering. *
(A) No person shall violate sections 3734.01 to 3734.11. inclusive, of the Revised Code, •: •
the regulations adopted thereunder.
(8) Nu person shall refuse entry to a board of health or its authorized representatives o;
the director or his authorized representatives, as authorized by section 3734.07 of the Revised
Code, or otherwise willfully hinder or thwart the board or its authorized representatives or the
director or his authorized representatives in the exercise of any authority, or performance of
any duty under sections 3734.01 to 3734.11. inclusive, of the Revised Code.
Section 3734.99 Penalty.
Whoever violates section 3734.01, 3734.02. 3734.03, 3734.04. 3734,05. 3734.06. 3734.07,
3734.08. 3734.09, 3734.10 or 3734.11 of the Revised Code chall be fined not more than one hun-
dred dollars for each day that such violation is continued.
OHIO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS
CHAPTER UK-24
Regulations HE-24-01 to HE-24-12, inclusive, of the Ohio Sanitary Code, relative to the
disposal of solid wastes.
Authority: Sections 3734.01 to 3734.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code.
HE-24-01. Definitions.
As used in regulations HE-24-01 to HE-24-12, inclusive, of the Ohio Sanitary Code:
(A) "Board of Health" means the board of health of a city or general health district, or
the authority having the duties of aboard of health in any city as authorized by section 3709.05
of the Revised Code. •
(B) "Composting" is the controlled biological decomposition of solid organic waste material
under acrcbic conditions.
(C) "D.rector" means the director of the Ohio Department of Health.
(D) "Facility" means any device, mechanism, or equipment used for conversion, or incinera-
tion of solid wastes other than solid wastes produced on the premises on which the facility is
located.
(E) "Health Coiraissioner" means the person occupying the office created by section 3709.11
and section 3709.14 of the Revised Code, or his authorized representative.
(F) 'Health district" means a city or general health district as created by or under au-
thority of Chapter 3709. of the Revised Code.
(G) "Incinerator" is a chamber, vessel, device, apparatus, or structure designed to burn
solid wastes under controlled, nuisance-free conditions and at a relatively high temperature for
the purpose of reducing the combustible components to an inert residue reasonably free of organic
material and which can be readily disposed of.
(H) "Opon burning" means the burning of solid wastes in an open area or burning of solid
wastes in a type of chamber or vessel which is not approved in regulations adopted by the public
health counril.
(I) "Open dumping" moans the depositing of solid wastes into a body or stream of water or
onto the surface of the ground without compacting the wastes and covering with suitable material
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toadepth as prescribed by regulations adopted by the public health council under section 3734.02
of the Revised Code.
(J) "Person" means the state, any political subdivision, public or private corporation, in-
dividual, partnership, or other entity.
(K) "Sanitary landfill" is a method of disposing of solid wastes on land without creating
nuisances or hazards to public health by utilizing the principles of engineering to confine the
solid wastes to the smallest practical area, to reduce the solid wastes to the smallest practical
volune and to cover such Bastes.
(L) "Site" means any location, place, or tract of land used for stabilization, conversion,
utilization, incineration, or burial of solid wastes other than those solid wastes produced on
the premises.
('.:; "Solid ~cL3t£3" r.ear.s such unwar.ted residual solid ui semisolid material as results from
«
industrial, commercial, agricultural, and community operations, excluding earth or material from
construction, mining, or demolition operations and slag and other substances which are not harm-
ful or inimical to public health, and includes garbage, combustible and nonconibustible material,
„ 1 -- - -
(N) "Solid waste disposal" means final disposition of solid wastes by means acceptable under
regulations adopted by the public health council under section 3734.02 of the Revised Code.
(Adopted May 18. 1963; effective July 1. 1968.)
HE- 24-02. Interpretation of adjectives and adverbs.
For the purpose of determining the adequacy of city and general health districts, which pro-
cedure is provided for by section 3734.08 of the Revised Code, all adjectives and adverbs such as
acceptable, accessible, adequate, detrimental, hazardous, operational, practicable, satisfactorily,
thoroughly, or suitable, used in Chapter HE-24 of the Ohio Sanitary Code, to qualify a person,
site, facility, device, mechanism, equipment, or structjre, shall be as determined by the
director.
(Adopted May 18, 1968: effective July 1, 1968.)
HE-24-03. License required.
Application for a license to operate a solid waste disposal site or facility after January
1,1969 shall be made and the license issued in accordance with sections 3734.01 to 3734.11, in-
clusive, of the Revised Code.
(Adopted May 18, 1968; effective July 1, 1968.)
HE-24-04. Location of sites and facilities -- general.
(A) Solid waste disposal sites and facilities shall not be located in areas where they con-
stitu'e a hazard to the quality of the ground water or surface water resources or create a health
hazard.
(B") No person shall place or dispose of solid wastes in any ditch, stream, river, lake, pond,
or v..t!'-^r *atercoiirse, except those waters v.hich do not combine or effect a junction with natural
suru.c>- 01 undergrou-.a v.a*ers, or upon the banks thereof where the same is liable to be washed
into i!o vat or by ordinary flow or annual floods. This division does not apply to the placing
of ar.\ ^ul'st ar.ce under air.hority of a pernit issued by the water pollution control board.
tC) A solid v.aste disposal site or facility shall not be located in an area where operation
would result in pollution of the air in excess of the air quality standards established for that
area by the air pollution control board pursuant to section 3704.03 of the Revised Code. This
division does not apply to operations conducted under the'~authority of a permit issued by the
air pollution control board.
(Al.pted May 18. 1968, effective July 1. 1968.)
IIK-24-in. Disposal methods.
Methods for the disp, sal. destruction, stabilization, conversion, or utilization of solid
wastes >!.all he by the following approved methods or any combination thereof:
(A) Sanitary landfill
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(B) Use of an incinerator
(C) Composting
(D) Garbage feeding to swine and poultry
(E) Other methods not covered by Chapter HE-24 of the Ohio Sanitary Code, and which nay be
developed and demonstrated to be capable of fulfilling the basic requirements for minimizing
potential for pollution of surface water or ground water, or creation of a nuisance or health
hazard, and which have been approved by the director after having been thoroughly investigated
by the department of health. Plans for any such methods shall be submitted to the department of
health for approval as required by division (C) of section 3734.05 of the Revised Code.
(Adopted May 18. 1968; effective July 1, 1968.)
HE-24-06. Limited and prohibited disposal methods. ,
(A) One year following the effective date of Chapter HE-24 of the Ohio Sanitary Code, all
open dumping is prohibited except when specifically approved by and under conditions acceptable
to the board of health and conducted in accordance with plans approved by the director. Limit-
ing conditions under which open dumping may be permitted shall be clearly stated on the license
required by Chapter 3734. of the Revised Code.
(B) One year following the effective date of Chapter HE-24 of the Ohio Sanitary Code, all
open burning is prohibited except when specifically approved by and under conditions acceptable
to the board of health and conducted in accordance with plans approved by the director. Limiting
conditions under which open burning may be permitted shall be clearly stated on the license re-
quired by Chapter 3734. of the Revised Code.
(Adopted May 18, 1968; effective July 1, 1968.)
HF-24-07. Sanitary landfill site approval.
A person planning to establish, expand, or significantly alter a sanitary landfill or con-
vert an open ilunip operation to a sanitary landfill shall submit plans, inforaation, and specifi-
cation relative to the site to the director for approval. Such plans, information, and specifi-
cations shall be prepared in a manner acceptable to the director in detail sufficient to assure
that a sanitary landfill operated at such site will not create a nuisance or health hazard, or
cause or contribute to pollution of the surface water or ground water.
(Adopted May 18. 1968; effective July 1. 1968. )
RE-24-08. Sanitary landfill planning.
Information, plans and specifications pertinent to the design, operation, maintenance, ex-
pansion, or significant alteration of a sanitary landfill or conversion of an open dump to a,
sanitary landfill, shall be submitted to the director for approval at least sixty (60) days
before proposed operation of the site, and shall be commensurate with the scope of the opera-
tion, location, physical and health hazards involved, and shall be prepared in a manner satis-
factory to the director.
(Adopted May 18, 1968; effective July 1. 1968.)
KE-24-09. Sanitary landfill operation.
(A) All operations of the sanitary landfill shall be in accordance with the approved plans
and specifications.
(B) The operator shall not permit access to the sanitary landfill site except when operating
personnel are on the site, and shall not permit loitering at any time.
(C) Unloading of solid wastes on the site shall be confined to the smallest practical area
and shall be under the supervision of competent operating personnel. Portable fences shall be
used when necessary to prevent litter blowing from the unloading area.
The operational portion of the sanitary landfill and the surrounding area shall be policed
ES necessary to collect all scattered litter.
(D) Equirncnt adequate in size and quantity, and in operational condition, shall be avail-
able at the site at all times to operate the sanitary landfill according to the approved plan.
Adequate provisions shall be made by the operator for servicing, maintaining, and repairing
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equljtient.
(£) As solid waste is admitted to the site, it shall be spread as soon as'practicable and
compacted in layers the depth of which depends on the type of solid wastes and the compaction
equipment. The layers shall be well compacted.
(F) Cover material shall be of earth or other material acceptable to the health commissioner
and shall be applied at the end of each day's operation or more frequently when necessary, unless
otherwise provided in the plan approved by the director, and at a compacted depth so as to pre-
vent insect and rodent attraction, breeding,and emergence; blowing litter; release of offensive
odors; fire hazards; unsightly appearance and which will permit minimal percolation of surface
water.
(G) The completed sanitary landfill shall be graded to serve its intended purpose and com-
pleted in accordance with the approved plans and specifications.
(H) Sewage solids arid liquids, and other liquid or hazardous substances in quantities con-
sidered by the supervisor of the operation of the sanitary landfill to be detrimental to the
normal operation of the sanitary landfill shall not be deposited in that portion of a sanitary
landfill used principally for the disposal of snlid wastes resulting from cornsunity operations.
Such substances and similar industrial wastes may be deposited on a separate area of a solid
waste disposal site in a manner described in plans approved by the director.
(I) All necessary operations of the sanitary landfill shall be carried out promptly in a
systematic manner so conditions are unfavorable for the harborage and production of insects and
rodents. Supplemental effective vector control measures shall be initiated immediately by the
operator when deemed necessary by the health commissioner.
(J) Salvaging shall not be conducted except with the written approval of and in a manner
acceptable to the health commissioner and approved in plans submitted to the director.
(K) The operator shall exclude live domestic and farm animals from the operating area of
the sanitary landfill site.
(L) Arrangements shall be made for adequate fire protection.
(II) Solid *aotes v»hj ch are burning or are at a temperature likely to cause fire or are of a
highly flammable or explosive nature shall not be deposited in the operating area of the sani-
tary landfill. Such material shall br deposited in a separate location at a sufficient distance
from the operating face of the sanitary landfill to prevent fires from spreading to the normal
fill area and shall be in-mediately covered with a sufficient amount of earth or other material
necessary to prevent explosion and to extinguish or prevent fire.
(N) The operator shall maintain a daily log of information pertinent to the operation of
the sanitary landfill. A copy of the plans and specifications as approved by the director, the
log, and a plan of the completed sanitary landfill shall be on file and shall be available to
the director and the health commissioner upon request.
(0) A sanitary landfill shall be operated under the close supervision of responsible in-
dividuals fcho are thorou;-nly familiar with the approved plans, specifications, and operational
procedures for that sanitary landfill.
(Adopted May 18. 1968. effectixe July 1. 1968.)
HE-24-10. Incineration.
(A) Information, plans, and specifications pertinent to the design, operation, and main-
tenance of an incinerator to be constructed and operated after the effective date of Chapter
HE-24 of the Ohio Sanitary Code, shall be submitted to the director for approval at least sixty
(60) days prior to the construction and operation of the facility, and shall be commensurate
with the scope of the operation, location, physical and health hazards involved,and shall be
prepared in a manner satisfactory to the director.
(B) An incinerator shall be operated under the close supervision of responsible individuals
who are thoroughly familiar with the approved plans, specifications, and the operating instruc-
tions of the designer.
(C) An incinerator shall be operated so that the resulting residue will be substantially
free of orp;mic and putrescible material and that pollution of the air will not exceed the air
quality standards established for the area by the air pollution control board pursuant to sec-
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tlon 3704.03 of the Revised Code. This division does not apply to operations conducted under
the authority of a permit issued by the air pollution control board.
(D) The site for and method of incinerator residue disposal shall be approved by the direc-
tor in order to assure that the method of disposal will not create a nuisance, cause or contri-
bute to water pollution, or create a health hazard.
(Adopted May 18. 1968; effective July 1. 1968.)
HE-24-11. Composting.
(A) Information,plans,and specifications pertinent to the design,maintenance, and operation
of a composting facility to be constructed and operated after the effective date of Chapter
HE-24 of the Ohio Sanitary Code, shall be submitted to the director for approval at least sixty
(6C) days prior to the construction and operation of the facility, and shall be commensurate
with the scope of operation, location, physical, and health hazards involved and shall tie pre-
pared in a manner satisfactory to the director.
(B) A composting facility shall be operated under the close supervision of responsible
individuals who are thoroughly familiar with the approved plans, specifications, and operational
procedures.
(C) Solid wastes intended for composting shall be maintained in a condition free of nui-
sance, insects, and rodents prior to, during, and after the composting operation.
(Adopted May 18. 19GS; effective July 1, 1968.)
HE-24-12. Garbage feeding to swine and poultry.
(A) Sites and facilities for feeding garbage to swine and poultry shall be constructed and
operated in accordance with sections 942.01 to 942,13, inclusive, of the Revised Code and the
regulations adopted pursuant thereto.
(B) Such sites antl facilities are exempt from sections 3734.01 to 3734.11. inclusive, of
the Revised Code and the regulations adopted pursuant thereto.
(Adopted May 18. 1968; effective July 1. 1968.)
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OHIO REVISED CODE
CHAPTER 343
COUNTY GARBAGE AND REFUSE DISPOSAL DISTRICTS
343.01 Garbage and refuse disposal districts and systems; engineers; bonds and notes; regula-
tions; prohibitions.
343.02 Jurisdiction over garbage and refuse disposal district.
343.03 Garbage and refuse disposal districts which include territory of municipal corporations.
3-53.04 General plan for garbage and refuse disccsal district.
343.05 Adoption of improvement resolution. t
343.06 Improvement to begin after lapse of ten days of disposition by court.
343.07 Payment of cost of improvement.
343.08 Rates and charges; contract with municipal corporation,
343.99 Penalty.
343.01 Garbage and refuse disposal districts and systems; engineers; bonds and notes; regula-
tions; prohibitions.
(A) Any board of county coroissioners may, by resolution, lay out. establish and maintain
one or more garbage and refuse disposal districts within its respective county, and may cause
such surveys as are necessary to be made by a competent sanitary engineer, for the determination
of the proper boundaries of such districts. The boundaries of any such district may include the
entire county, nay be revised from time to time, and nay include a part or all of the territory
within a municipal corporation v,hen authorized by ordinance of the legislative authority of such
municipal corporation. Each such district shall be designated by an appropriate name or number.
The board may acquire, by purchase or lease, construct, improve, enlarge, replace, maintain, and
operate such garbage and refuse collection systems within any such district and such garbage
and refuse disposal plants ard facilities within or without any such district as are necessary
for the protection of the public health.
The sanitary engineer or sanitary engineering department of such county shall, in addition
to other duties assigned tc such engineer or department, assist the board in the performance of
its duties under sections 343.01 to 343.08, inclusive, of the Revised Code, and shall be charged
with such other duties and services in relation thereto as the board prescribes. The board may
employ registered professional engineers to assist the sanitary engineer in such duties and the
board may also employ financial ad\ isers and such other professional services as it deems neces-
sary to assist it in the construction, financing, and maintenance of garbage and refuse collec-
tion or disposal facilities. Such contracts of employment shall not require the certificate
provided in section 5705.41 of the Revised Code. Pavnent for such services may be made from the
general fund or any other fund legally available for such use at such times as are agreed upon
or as determined by the board, which funds may be reimbursed from the proceeds of bonds or notes
issued to pay lie cost of an;. ir;>rc\ement to which such services related.
The board may issue bonds or bond anticipation notes of the county to pay the cost of pre-
pari..^ general s'A detailed plans and other data required for the construction of garbage and
refuse disposal facilities. Such bonds and notes shall be issued in accordance with sections
133.01 to 133.65, inclusive, of the Revised Code, except that the maximum maturity of bonds
issufd for such purpose shall not exceed ten years. Bond anticipation notes may be paid from
the proceeds of bonds issurd either to pay the cost of such garbage and refuse disposal facili-
ties or to pay the cost of such plans and other data.
The board may make, publish, and enforce rules and regulations for the construction, main-
tenance, protection, and use of garbage and refuse collection and disposal facilities. Such
rules and regulations shall not be inconsistent with the rules and regulations of the department
of health. No garbage and refuse disposal .system plant or facilities shall be constructed in
any county outside municipal corporations by any person, firm, or corporation until the plans
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and specifications for such plant or facilities have been approved b.y the board. Such construc-
tion shall be done under the supervision of the county sanitary engineer, and any person, firm,
or corporation, proposing or constructing such improvements, shall pay to the county all ex-
penses incurred by the board in connection therewith. The sanitary engineer may enter upon any
public or private property for the purpose of making surveys or examinations necessary for the
laying out of garbage and refuse disposal districts or for designing disposal plants or facili-
ties. No person, firm, or corporation shall forbid or interfere with the sanitary engineer or
his authorized assistants entering upon such property for such purpose. The board shall, if
actual damage is done to property by the making of such surveys and examinations,pay the reason-
able value of such damage to the owner of the property damaged, and such cost shall be included
in the financing of the improvement for which such surveys and examinations are made.
. Tiif board ;r,ay enter into a contract with any individual, partnership, or private corporation
for the operation and maintenance of any such facilities, regardless of whether such facilities
are owned or leased by the county or the contractor.
(B> No person shall tamper with or damage any garbage and refuse disposal plant or facili-
ties constructed under sections :U3.G1 to 343.05, inclusive, of the Revised Code, or ar.y appara-
tus or accessory connected therewith or pertaining thereto, or fail or refuse to comply with the
rules and regulations prescribed by such board, or refuse to permit the inspection or examina-
tion by the sanitary engineer. All fines imposed and collected shall be paid into the county
treasury and credited to the improvement or maintenance fund of such district as the board
directs.
(1969 S 314. Eff. 7-23-69. 131 v H 161)
343.01 former GC GGOO.
Penalty for (B), 343.99 (A).
343.02 (6600-1). Jurisdiction over garbage and refuse disposal district.
Whenever any portion of a garbage and refuse disposal district is incorporated as or annexed
to a municipal corporation, the area so incorporated or annexed shall remain under the juris-
diction of the board of county commissioners for garbage and refuse disposal purposes, until
such disposal facilities for the area, for which detailed plans have been prepared and the reso-
lution declaring the necessity thereof has been adopted by the board, are completed and the prin-
cipal of an interest on any bonds issued to finance such improvement are paid in full, or until
the board abandons such projects.
Such incorporation or annexation of any part of a garbage and refuse disposal district shall
not interfere -,vith or render illegal any issue of bonds made by the board under section 343.07
of the Revised Code to provide payment for the cost of construction and maintenance of any such
facilities for the area. The board may contract with any municipal corporation located .within
or outside the district for the furnishing of the garbage and refuse disposal services of such
district, but contracts with municipal corporations for territory outside the county shall be
limited to surplus capacity of the garbage and refuse disposal facilities of the county remain-
ing after the needs of the county have been met, and any municipal corporation so contracting
shall act by ordinance or resolution of its legislative authority and without the necessity of
conpetetive bidding.
The board of county commissioners may contract with any board of township trustees which
has availed itself of sections 505.27 to 505.33. inclusive, of the Revised Code, and with boards
of education, for the furnishing of garbage and refuse disposal services to said townships and
boards of education. Any board of education availing itself of such service shall act by resolu-
tion of its board. (131 v H 161. Eff. 9-22-65)
343.03 (6600-2). Garbage and refuse disposal districts which include territory of municipal
corporations.
Tlie authority of the board of county commissioners to provide garbage and refuse dis-
posal lacilities and maintain and operate them within garbage and refuse disposal districts
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which include any part of the territory within one or more municipal corporations shall be the
same as provided by law within garbage and refuse disposal districts wholly outside municipal
corporations, provided the plans and specifications and the estimated cost to be borne by such
municipal corporation or its inhabitants shall be approved by the legislative authority of the
Bunicipal corporation prior to the letting of any contract for the construction thereof.
At any time after a garbage and refuse disposal district is established comprising or in-
cluding any part of the territory within any municipal corporation, its legislative authority
may. by ordinance or resolution, authorize the board to proceed with the construction or the
maintenance, repair, and operation of such improvement in the same manner as provided by law
for improvements in garbage and refuse disposal districts wholly outside municipal corporations.
243.04 (6500-3). General plan for garbage and refuse disposal district.
•
The board of county commissioners may, after the establishment of any garbage and refuse
disposal district, have a general plan of garbage and refuse disposal facilities for such dis-
trict oreuared by the county sanitary engineer. After such general plan has been approved by
the board, it shall have the engineer prepare detailed plans, specifications, and estimates of
the cost of such improvement, which, upon approval by the board, shall be carefully preserved
in the office of the board or the engineer, and shall be open to inspection by all persons in-
terested in such improvement. After approval of the detailed plans, specifications, and esti-
mates of cost, the board shall adopt a resolution declaring that such improvement is necessary
for the preservation and promotion of public health and welfare, designating the character of
the improvement referring to the plans, specifications, and estimates of cost, stating the place
where such plans, specifications, and estimates are on file and may be examined, and stating
what part of the costs of such improvement shall be paid by the county at large and what part
shall be paid by the issuance of bonds payable from the revenues of the improvement as provided
by section 343.07 of the Revised Code.
Such icsoluliw.'i &hall coiit-in a description of the boundaries of the garbage and refusedis-
posal district and shall designate when and where object ions to the improvement or the boundaries
of the district will be heard by the board. The date of such hearing shall not be less than
twenty-four days after the date of the first publication of such resolution. The board shall
cause such resolution to be published once a week, for two consecutive weeks, in a newspaper of
general circulation within the county. Notice of such hearing shall be mailed to the clerk of
any municipal corporation any part of which lies within such district. A hearing shall be grant-
ed by the board to all parties interested at the time and place fixed by such resolution and
notice. Written objections to or indorsements of the proposed improvement or the boundaries of
the district shall be received by the board for 3 period of five days after the hearing, and no
action shall be taken by the board until after such period has elapsed. The minutes of the hear-
ing, showing the persons who appear in person or by attorney and all written objections, shall be
entered on the journal of the board and shall be preserved and filed in its offices.
(128 v 773. Eff. 10-12-59.)
If the boundaries of the district are amended so as to include any property not included in
the district as originally established, notice and hearing shall be given to the owners of such
property in the sano manner as for the original hearing under section 343.04 of the Revised
Code. If the owners of all property added to the district by amendment to the original bounda-
ries thereof waive objection to such I'.T.endnpnt, in writing, no further notice or hearing shall
be given. After the board ratifies the plans for the improvement and the boundaries of the dis-
trict as originally present «J or as amended,and if it decides to proceed therewith,a resolution.
to be known as the improvement resolution, shall be adopted by the board. Such resolution shall
declare the determination of the board to proceed with the construction of the improvement pro-
vided for in the resolution of necessity, in accordance with the plans and specifications as
ratified or amended, and whether bonds shall be issued as provided by section 343.07 of the Re-
vised Code to pay the cost of said improvement.
Ill
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343.06 (6600-5). Improvement to begin after lapse of ten days or disposition by court.
After the passage of an improvement resolution under section 343.05 of the Revised Code no
further action shall be taken or work done in connection therewith until ten days have elapsed.
If at the expiration of such period no appeal has been effected by any property owner as pro-
vided in sections 6117.09 to 6117.24, inclusive, of the Revised Code, the board of county com-
missioners may proceed to issue and sell bonds to construct such improvement. If at the end of
ten days any owner of property to be charged for garbage or refuse disposal service has effected
such-an appeal, such work shall not proceed until the matters appealed from are disposed of by
the probate court.
343.07 (6600-6). Payment of cost of improvement.
«
The board of county commissioners may issue bonds of the county for the purpose of paying
a part or the whole cost of the acquisition, construction, or repair of any improvement provided
for in sections 343.01 to 343.08, inclusive, of the Revised Code, including the expenses of the
sanitary engineer and all other expenses necessary and incidental thereto. The cost of any such
improvement shall include, without limiting such cost,the cost of acquiring any necessary real
estate, and any trucks, rolling stock, or equipment necessary for the proper operation of the im-
provement. Such bonds shall state the particular improvement on account of which they are issued
and the date of the resolution of the board authorizing their issuance. Such bonds shall be of
such denominations and shall mature as provided in the improvement resolution, but shall mature
no later than forty years from the date thereof, and shall be payable in annual of semiannual"
installments.beginning not later than five years from the date thereof,in such principal amounts
that the total principal and interest payments in each year shall be substantially equal.
The board shall, in the legislation authorizing the issuance of cuch bonds, provide that
they shall not constitute general obligations of the county or be secured by the general credit
and taxing power of the county, but shall be payable solely, as to principal and interest, from
the revenues of the improvement, constructed with the proceeds of the sale of the bonds, as de-
rived from the rates or charges established for such services under section 343.08 of the Revised
Code, in which event the board shall covenant to fix rates or charges sufficient to provide ade-
quate funds for such purpose, after payment of the cost of management, maintenance,and operation
of such garbage and refuse collection and disposal plant and facilities.
The surplus net revenues in any year, over and above the amount of principal and interest
payable in that year and such additional amount as is provided in the resolution authorizing said
bonds to be held as a reserve for debt service, may be used for the enlargement and replacement
of such garbage and refuse collection and disposal facilities.
In addition to the power to issue such bonds, the board may issue bonds of the county, in
compliance with sections 133.01 to 133.65, inclusive, of the Revised Code, to pay for that part
of the cost of such improvement which is to be borne by the county at large, and may provide
that such bonds shall be general obligations of the county payable from taxes to be levied upon
all the taxable property therein, provided that such general obligation bonds may also be made
payable primarily from the net revenues derived from such improvement and such net revenuesmay
be pledged for the payment of the interest and principal thereof. (128 v 773. Eff. 10-12-59.)
343.08 Rates and charges; contract with municipal corporation.
The board of county commissioners may fix reasonable rates or charges to be paid by every
person, firm, corporation, board of township trustees, or board of education which is the owner
of premises to which the collection or disposal of garbage and refuse or both is made available,
and may change such rates or charges whenever it deems it advisable. Charges for collection or
or disposal or both shall be made only against lots or parcels which are improved,or in the pro-
cess of being improved, with at least one permanent, portable, or temporary building. When any
such charges are not paid, the board shall certify them to the county auditor, who shall place
them upon the rval property duplicate against the property served by such collection or dispo-
sal, or both, and such charges shall be a lien on such property from the date they are placed
112
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upon the real property duplicate by the auditor, and shall be collected in the same manner as
other taxes. The county need not fix a rate or charge against property If it operates no
collection system.
Where a county owns a garbage and refuse disposal plant or facility, either without a county
collection system or in conjunction therewith, the board of county commissioners may fix reason-
able rates or charges for the use of such plant or facility by political subdivisions, corpora-
tions, private collectors and other users and may contract with any public authority or with
independent contractors for the collection of garbage and refuse in any part of any district for
disposal in any plant or facility. The cost of collection or disposal or both under such con-
tracts may be paid by rates or charges fixed and collected under this section or by rates and
charges fixed under sunn contracts and collected by the contractors.
Ail zcr.cjs collected by the county as rates cr charges tor s-rb2ge sr.d refuse collection or
disposal or both in any district shall be paid to the county treasurer and kept in a separate
and distinct fund to the credit of such district. Such fund shall be used for the payment of
the cost of the management, maintenance, and operation of the garbage and refuse collection and
disposal facilities cf such district, and any surplus say be used for the enlarsesent cr re-
placement of such facilities, and for the payment of the interest and principal on bonds and
bond anticipation notes issued pursuant to section 343.07 of the Revised Code, but in no case
shall money so collected be ex^nded otherwise than for the use and benefit of such district.
The board nay, in lieu of operating and maintaining garbage and refuse collection or dis-
posal facilities of the district with county personnel, enter into a contract with a municipal
corporation having territory within the district pursuant to which the operation and maintenance
of such facilities would be performed by such municipal corporation.
(131 v H 161. Eff. 9-22-65. 130 v H 425; 128 v 773)
343.08 former GC 6600-7.
343.99 Penalty.
(A) Whoever violates division (B) of section 343.01 of the Revised Code shall be fined not
more tban one hundred dollars.
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SUGGESTED PROCEDURE HHEN A SOLID WASTE DUMP IS CLOSED OR DISCONTINUED
General
A satisfactory solid waste disposal site or facility should be available before a dump ^
closed or its use is discontinued.
Further, once the use of the dump is discontinued, definite action should be taken to jn-
vent this discontinued dump from continuing to be a problem.
Recommended Procedure to Abandon a Dump
1. Determine the exact date that all dumping will cease.
2. Make arrange merits to dusp refuse elsewhere.
3. Newspaper release in a local newspaper pointing out:
a. The date of closing.
b. That baiting will take place and the date.
c. A warning to keep all children and pets out of dump.
d. Where people can dump.
4. A sign should also be posted at the date warning of poison being used.
5. Baiting for rodents.
a. Wait about 3-5 days after the last load of solid waste has been deposited at duo;p,
b. Bait heavily with a single dose poison (example: Zinc phosphide).
c. If needed, continue baiting dump by establishing a number ef anticoagulant bait sta-
tions and service until all signs of feeding cease.
6. Level dump and cover with two (2) feet of earth.
7. Plant suitable vegetation.
How to Estimate Bait for Dumps
To estin:2te the crea cf the clump face, pace across its upper edge and multiply the nur.be r ti
paces by an estimated average height in yards. Assume 1 pace = 1 yard. % pound of bait per &Qunn
yard of area to be treated.
Who Does Rodent Control?
Local government or private operators should seek aid through their local health dei>a: '
Bents. Local health departments may seek technical aid from the Ohio Department of Health, Uniic-
States Public Health Service, or the private Pest Control Operator.
SUGGESTED REGL'LATION OR ORDINANCE
A RKGl'LATION(OP.DIN\M'E) FOR THE STORAGE AND COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE AND FOR THE CONSTRICTION
AND OPERATION OF SOLID WASTE TRANSFER STATIONS IN TIE HEALTH DISTRICT.
A regulation (ordinance) establishing standards for the handling of solid waste on
the collection of solid waste; requiring registration certificates to operate solid waste .-
lection equipment; the construction and operation of solid waste transfer stations; requn
plans for solid waste transfer stations; and requiring registration certificates to operate in
waste transfer stations in order to protect the public health and welfare and prevent insarr.
conditions and nuisances.
Authority Section 3709.20 (for City Health District adoption)
3709.20 (for General Health District Adoption) of the Revised Code.
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SECTION 1 - DEFINITIONS
As used in this regulation (ordinance):
1,1 "Board of Health" means the board of health of a city or general health district, or the
authority having the duties of a board of health in any city as authorized by section
3709.05 of the Revised Code.
1.2 "Health Commissioner" means the person occupying the office created by section 3709.11 and
section 3709.14 of the Revised Code, or his authorized representative.
1.3 Person means the state, any political subdivision, public or private corporation, individual,
partnership, or oth^r entity.
1.4 Premises means any land, buildings, or structures upon or in which solid waste may be
temporarily stored, placed, or accumulated.
1.5 Sols-' ^?ste r.eans su -h unwanted residual solid or semi-solid material as results from in-
dustrial, cor^crc ;al, agricultural, and community operations, excluding earth or material
from construction, raining or demolition operations and slag and other substances which are
not harmful or inimical to public health, and includes garbage .combustible and non-combustible
1.6 Solid Baste Transfer Station means a location, not at the point of solid waste generation,
in the solid waste handling s\stem that is used to facilitate the transfer of waste from
locally operated collect ion vehicles to those intended to convey the material to the solid
waste disposal site or facility; the transfer of such wastes being from vehicle to vehicle
or frora vehicle to location to vehicle.
SECTION 2 - I'KBIISK MAI VlF.NA.NCfc:
2.2 No person shall store, place, burn or dispose on his premises or the premises of another or
permit to accumulate on his premises, any solid waste in such a manner whereby it will be-
come a rodent or insect harborage or breeding place, or create a health menace, insanitary
condition, or nuisance.
SUCTION 3 - KRGISTRU1GN (TUTIF 1CA1E REQUIRED
3.1 No person shall eriKa^o m the business of solid waste collection or operate a solid waste
transfer station unless he possesses a registration certificate issued by the Board of
Health of the .. . _ ___________ Health District.
3.2 The Board of Health 5 hull issue registration certificates to collect solid waste or to
operate solid waste transfer stations only to persons having proper equipment, as required
by this regulation ana personnel for collecting of solid waste or for operating solid waste
transfer stations, and agreeing to comply with all conditions of issuance or possession of
the registration certificate and otherwise complying with the requirements of this regulation.
3.3 (a) An} person inter,'} ing to collect solia waste or to operate a solid waste transfer sta-
tion shall make written application for a registration certificate to the board of
health on a form provided by the board of health.
(b) For a registration certificate to collect solid waste, such application shall contain
the name and address of such person, a description of the equipment to be used in the
collection of such solid waste, the area where solid waste collections are to be made,
and such other in format ion as the board of health determines will reasonably aid in the
administration and enforcement of this regulation.
(c) For a registration certificate to operate a solid waste transfer station, such appli-
cation shall contain the name and address of such person, the location of the transfer
station, the point of final disposition of the solid waste, and such other information
as the board of health determines will reasonably aid in the administration and en-
forcement of this regulation.
3. 4 Upon approval of such application and determination that the applicant has the proper equip--
ment in pood cond it ion, and personnel to meet the requirements of this regulation, the board
of health shall is.--.uo a registration certificate to the applicant. The board of health may
state on the ret: ist i at ion certificate or bj a writing attached to the registration certi-
ficate the conditions under whichitis issued to insure the proper collection of all refuse
115
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and the proper operation of all solid waste transfer stations in accordance w.
regulation.
3.5 The Board of Health may revoke or suspend the registration certificate of any person 'o
collect solid waste or to operate a solid waste transfer station who has demonstrated A.i-
ability or unwillingness to comply with this regulation.
3.6 Any person whose application for a registration certificate has been denied, suspended, or
revoked may make written request for a hearing before the Board of Health of the _.
Health District within 30 days. The Board of Health shall grant such hearing withu ±
reasonable time after request is made therefor.
3.7 All registration certificates issued under this regulation shall expire one year from
date of issuance.
SECTION 4 - SOLTO HASTE COLLECTION
4.1 All vehicles used for the collection and transportation of solid waste unless all'the t
waste is kept in watertight covered containers, shall have enclosed bodies or suitable
visions for covering thp body of the vehicle. All vehicles shall be leakproof, of ea^
cleanable construction, shall be cleaned at sufficient frequency to prevent odor, nuisann
or insect breeding, and shall be maintained in good repair.
4.2 Any person making application for a registration certificate to collect solid waste shai"
present his equipment for inspection by the health commissioner of
Health District,or his authorized representative,to determine if applicant is in compliant
with Section 3.4 and 4.1 of this regulation.
.4.3 Any person making application for a registration certificate to collect solid waste shall
have equipment to satisfactorily clean all vehicles or containers used in the conduct ci
his business.
SECTION 5 - PLANS REQUIRED FOR SOLID WASTE TRANSFER STATIONS
5.1 Each person proposing to place in use or to construct a new solid waste transfer station
shall submit plans and specifications to the board of health for approval at least sixty
days before the proposed operation of the transfer station.
The plans and specifications shall include.
a. Specific location of the transfer station and indication of same on a vicinity map.
b. Location of public roadways, communities, habitable structures or places of public us-:
on subject and adjoining properties.
c. Clear indication of the entire property owned or leased by the person proposing the
transfer station.
d. The meansof limiting access including fencing,gates,natural barriers or other methods.
e. Details of method of treating or disposing of the liquid wastes resulting from opera-
tion of the transfer station.
f. Detailed drawings and specifications of all structures and equipment.
g. General layout of equipment and flow pattern.
h. Detailed description of appurtenances and procedures intended-to handle heavy or bulky
items, for storage of solid wastes beyond the end of the working day, control dust and
odors, and to handle hot or burning loads of solid waste and fire control.
i. Statements from zoning board, planning commission and other agencies having interest or
jurisdiction over the proposed transfer station indicating that the proposed transfer
station is in conforroance with policies, regulations and land use plans.
j.( Location of existing and proposed utilities.
k. Indicated place and method of final disposition of solid waste method of volume r>.-dut
tion - compacting, grinding, compression or tamping equipment.
SECTION 6 - SOLID H.4S1E TRANSFER STATION OPERATION
6.1 All solid waste shall be confined to the unloading, loading and handling area. The
fer station and the adjacent area shall be kept clean and free of litter.
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6.2 Access to the transfer station shall be limited to those times when operational employees
are on duty or definite control rules shall be established in the instance of unmanned
transfer stations.
6.3 Special provision shall be maintained for the transfer of large, heavy or bulky items at
the transfer station or the large heavy or bulky items shall be excluded from the transfer
station.
6.4 Sewage solids or liquids and other liquid or hazardous substances in quantities considered
to be detrimental to the normal operation of the transfer station shall be excluded from
the transfer station, except in those instances where in the nature of the material and the
equipment and method of handling has received written approval from the health commissioner.
6.5 All liquid wastes shall be disposed of in municipal sewage treatment system or in sewage
treatment devices constructed and maintained in accordance with the standards of the Ohio
Department of Health.
6.6 Salvaging shall not be conducted except with the written approval of and in a manner ac-»
ceptable to the health commissioner. Scavenging shall not be permitted.
6.7 No putrescible solid waste shall remain in the transfer station for more than twenty four
hours. In the event that putrescible solid waste is to remain at the transfer station be-
yond the end of the woiking day, the solid waste shall be stored in a leak-proof, fly and
rodent-proof structure, bin or container.
6.8 Equipment adequate in size and quantity and in operational condition, shall be available
at all times to operate the transfer station. If for any reason the transfer station is
rendered inoperable for more than twenty four hours an alternate method shall be available
to transport the solid waste to the disposal site or facility.
6.9 Adequate provisions shall be made for the routine operational maintenance of the transfer
station and all appurtenances.
6.10 Dust generated by the unloading of the solid waste and the operation of the transfer station
shall be controlled at all times.
5.11 Odor resulting from the j:.lcadin& of the solid v.asLe and the operation of the transfer
station shall be controlled at all times.
6.12 No solid waste shall be burned at the transfer station.
6.13 All necessary operations of the transfer station shall be carried out promptly in a syste-
matic manner so conditions are unfavorable for the harborage and production of insects and
rodents. Supplimental effective vector control shall be initiated immediately by the opera-
tor when deemed necessary by the health commissioner.
6.14 Live domestic and farm animals shall be excluded from the transfer station.
6.15 The ooerator shall maintain a daily log of operations of the transfer station. A copy of
the daily log shall be on file and available to the health commissioner upon request.
6.16 Arrangements shall be made for adequate fire protection.
6.17 Employees shall receive initial and periodic safety and procedure training to prevent ac-
cidents. All hazardous machinery shall be equipped with appropriate safety devices. Em-
ployees shall be instructed in the principles of first aid and an adequate stock of first
aid supplies shall be n.aintained at the site.
6.18 Solid wastes which are burning or are at a temperature likely to cause fire or are of a
highly fla-;mable or explosive nature shall not be accepted in the transfer station.
6.19 A transfer station shall be operated under close supervision of responsible individuals who
are thoroughly familiar with the requirements and th" operational procedures of the transfer
station.
(
SECTION 7 - PENALTIES
7.1 Any person who violates any provision of this regulation is subject to the penalties pro-
vided by Sections 3709.99 of the Ohio Revised Code.
SECTION 8 - EFI-ECT OF PARTIAL I>\ \LIDITY
8.1 Should any part of this regulation be declared unconstitutional for any reason, the re-
mainder of the regulation shall not be affected thereby.
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SECTION 9 - EFFECTIVE DATE
9.1 This regulation shall be effective on and after the day of.
SUGGESTED REGULATION OR ORDINANCE
A REGULATION (ORDINANCE) FOR THE CONSTRICTION AND OPERATION OF SOLID WASTE TRANSFER STATIONS '*•
THE __ HEALTH DISTRICT.
A re&ulatiua (ordinance) establishing standards for the canst ruction and operation of
waste transfer stations; requiring plans for solid waste transfer stations; requiring regis,
tion certificates to operate solid waste transfer stations in order to protect the public heal
and welfarp and prevent insanitary conditions and nuisances.
Authority Section 3703. 20 (for City Health District adoption) 3709.20 (for General
Health District Adoption) of the Revised Code.
*
SECTION 1 - DEFINITIONS
As used in this regulation (ordinance):
1.1 "Board of Health" means the board of health of a city or general health district, or the
authority having the duties of aboard of health in any city as authorized by section 3709.0.
of the Revised Code.
1.2 "Health Commissioner" means the person occupying the office created by section 3709.11
and section 3709.14 of the Revised Code, or his authorized representative.
1.3 Person means the state, any political subdivision, public or private corporation, indivi-
dual, partnership, or other entity.
1.4 Premises mec-ns any land, buildings, or structures upon or in which solid waste may be
temporarily btored. placed, or accumulated.
1.5 Solid V,aste means such unwanted residual solid or semi- solid material as results from in-
dustrial, coF.ncrcial, agricultural, and community operations, excluding earth or material
from construction, mining or demolition operations and slag and other substances which
are not harnful or inimical to public health, and includes garbage, combustible and non-
combustible material, street dirt and debris.
1.6 Solid Waste Transfer Station means a location, not at the point of solid waste generation,
in the solid waste handling system that is used to facilitate the transfer of waste froa
locally operated collection vehicles to, those intended to convey the material to the solid
waste disposal site or facility; the transfer of such wastes being from vehicle to vehicle
or from vehicle to location to vehicle.
SECTION 2 - PUNS UliQl'lttED
2.1 t'cich person proposing to open a new solid waste transfer station shall submit plans and
specifications to the board of health for approval at least sixty days before the proposed
operation of the tram fer station.
The plans and specifications shall include.
a. Sptciiic location of the transfer station and indication of saaie on a vicinity map.
b. Location of public roadways. communities. habitable structures or places of public use
on subject and adjoining properties.
c. Clear indication of the entire property owned or leased by the person proposing the
transfer station.
d. The means of limiting access including fencing, gates, natural barriers or orrer
methods.
e. Indicate nethod of treating or disposing of the liquid wastes result ing from opera* t »
of tho transfer station.
f. De-tailed drawings and specifications of all structures and equipment.
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g. General layout of equipment and flow pattern.
b. Detailed description of appurtenances and procedures intended-to handle heavy or bulky
items. for storage of solid wastes beyond the end of the working day. control dust and
odors, and to handle hot or burning loads of solid waste.
i. Statements from zoning board, planning commission and other agencies having interest
or jurisdiction over the proposed transfer station indicating that the proposed trans-
fer station is in conformance with policies, regulations and land use plans.
j. Location of existing and proposed utilities.
k. Indicate place and method of final disposition of solid waste, method of volume re-
duction - compaction, grinding, compression or tamping equipment.
SCCTJON 3 - r.FGISTRA.TIOV CERTIFICATES HF
3.1 No person shall operate a solid waste transfer station unless he possesses a registration
certificate issued by the Board of Health of the _ Health District.
3.2 The Board of Health shall issue registration certificates to operate solid waste transfer
stntjnns only tn n(?r^rin<; having prnnfr pqiijnmpnt, as required by this regulation and per-
sonnel for operating of solid waste transfer stations and agreeing to comply with all con-
ditions of issuance or possession of the registration certificate and otherwise complying
with the requirements of this regulation.
3.3 Any person intending to operate solid waste transfer station shall make written application
for a registration certificate to the board of health on a form provided by the board of
health. Such application shall contain the name and address of such person, the location
of the transfer station, the point of final disposition of the solid waste, and such other
information as the board of health determines will reasonably aid in the administration and
enforcement of this regulation.
3.4 Upon approval of such application and the determination that the applicant has the proper
equipment in good condition, and personnel to meet the requirements of this regulation, the
boai'ii of ht.-a.ltti siiali is^ue a registiation certificate to the applicant. The board of
health maj state on the registration certificate or by a writing attached to the registra-
tion certificate the conditions under which it is issued to insure the proper operation of
all solid waste transfer stations in accordance with this regulation.
3.5 The Board of Health may revoke or suspend the registration certificate of any person to
operate a solid waste transfer station who has demonstrated inability or unwillingness to
comply with this regulation.
3.6 Any person whose application for a registration certificate has been denied, suspended, or
revoked may make written request for a hearing before the Board of Health of the _
Health District. The Board of Health shaW grant such hearing within a reasonable time
after request is nade therefor.
3.7 All registration certificates issued under this regulation shall expire one year from the
date of issuance.
Sl'CTlON 4 - SO!. ID V.ASIC TKUSITK STATION OPERATION
4.1 All solid waste shall be confined to the unloading, loading and handling area. The trans-
fer station and th*. adjacent area shall be clean and free of litter.
4.2 Acctss to the transfer station shall be limited to those times when operational employees
are on duty or dt-firme control rules shall -be established in the instance of unmanned
transfer stations.
4.3 Special pro\isions shall be maintained for the transfer of large, heavy or bulky items at
the transfer station or the large heavy or 'bulky items shall be excluded from the transfer
station.
4.4 Sewage solids or liquids and other liquid or hazardous substances in quantities considered
to be detrimental to the normal operation of the transfer station shall be excluded from
the transfer station, except in those instances wherein the nature of the material and
the equipment and method of handling has received written approval from the health com-
misbiouer.
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t.o All liquid wastes shall be disposed of in municipal sewage treatment system or in sewage
treatment devices constructed and maintained in accordance with the standards of the Ohio
Department of Health.
4.6 Salvaging shall not be conducted except with the written approval of and in a manner ac-
ceptable to the health commissioner. Scavenging shall not be permitted.
4.7 No putrescible solid waste shall remain in the transfer station for more than twenty four
hours. In the event that putrescible solid waste is to remain at the transfer station be-
yond the end of the working day, the solid waste shall be stored in a leak-proof, fly a,;cl
rodent-proof structure, bin or container.
4.8 Equipment adequate in size and quantity and in operational condition, shall be availab.
at all times to operate the transfer station. If for any reason the transfer station it
rendered inoperable for more than twenty four hours an alternate method shall be available
to transport the solid waste to the disposal site or facility.
4.9 Adequate provisions shall be made for the routine operational maintenance of the transf
station and all appurtenances.
4.10 Dust generated by the unloading of the solid waste and the operation of the transfer sta-
tion shall be controlled at all times.
4.11 Odor resulting from the unloading of the solid waste and the operation of the transfer
station shall be controlled at all times.
4.12 No solid waste shall be burned at the transfer station.
4.13 All necessary operations of the transfer station shall be carried out promptly in a sys-
tematic manner so conditions are unfavorable for the harborage and production of insects
and rodents. Supplitnental effective vector control shall be initiated immediately by the
operator when deemed necessary by the health commissioner.
4.14 Live domestic end farm animals shall be excluded from the transfer station.
4.15 The operator shall maintain a daily log of operations of the transfer station. A copy of
the daily log shall be on file and available to the health commissioner upon request.
4.16 Arrangements shall be made for adequate fire protection.
4.17 Employees shall receive initial and periodic safety ?nd procedure training to prevent ac-
cidents. All hazardous machinery shall be equipped with appropriate safety devices. Em-
ployees shall be instructed in the principles of first aid and an adequate stock of first
aid supplies shall be maintained at the site.
4.18 Solid wastes which are burning or are at a temperature likely to cause fire or are of a
highly flammable or explosive nature shall not be accefled in the transfer station.
4.19 A transfer station shall be operated under close supervision of responsible individuals
who are thoroughly familiar with the requirements and the operational procedures of the
transfer station.
i
SECTION 5 - PENALTIES
5.1 Any person who violates any provision of this regulation is subject to the penalties pro-
vided by Sections 3709.99 of the Ohio Revised Code.
SECTION 6 - EFFECT OF HM1T1AL INVALIDITY
6.1 Should any part of this regulation be declared unconstitutional for any reason, the re-
mainder of the regulation shall not be affected thereby.
SECTION 7 - EFFECTIVE DATE
7.1 This regulation shall be effective on and after the day of
19
120
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APPENDIX C
FRANKLIN COUNTY RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL IN INCINERATOR DISTRICT NO. 1
121
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Amended
Rules and Regulations
For Disposal of Solid Waste In
Franklin County Incinerator District No.
GENERAL:
DEFINITIONS;
District
Solid Waste
Non Combustible Waste
Combustible Waste
Special Industrial Waste
Chemical Waste
Demolition Waste
Landfills
Dumps
Sanitary Landfills
Incinerator Landfills
Incinerators
Collection
Private Haulers
Municipal Haulers
Individual Haulers
Board
Sanitary Engineer
Public Health Department
Advisory Board
PROVISIONS GOVERNING VEHICLES USED FOR COLLECTING
AND TRANSPORTING SOLID WASTEj
DISPOSAL WITHIN THE DISTRICT:
By Landfill Method
By Incineration
PROVISIONS FOR ADVISORY BOARD.
AGREEMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE:
DF RATES AND CHAHGES:
PENALTIES:
122
Feb. 21. 1967
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GElffRAL;
The disposal of til solid wastes orijinr-ting vithin or outside o5 Frant-.lin
County Incinerator Dictrict .To. 1, but disposed of rithin the boundrier: of this
district jh?ll be performed in accordance T'ith these rrles and regulations adopted
in confomance T'ith Sec. 343.31 of the Ohio Revised Code.
DEFINITIONS^
As uTed herein the folloTring terms sh-11 have the r.eaninj ascribed to them p.r
herein set forth.
The term district shell necn the FranMin County Incinerator Dictrict
"To. 1 rhich comprise: all of the lots r.nd land in Franklin County, rhio,
outside of any incorporated r.unicipality end rll of the lots and land :rith
in en incorporated municipality whenever the bovndries of the district are
enended following receipt of & request of tn incorporrted tnunicipr lity by
its lesi.il«itive authority to be included in the district.
"oundries of the district ?.s amended from tine to tirae are RJ rhovm
in ''Appendix Av attached hereto.
SOLID 'JASTE:
All meterial other then liquids vhich has been discarded by its ormer
for cisooael, such as bvt not limited to, ^arbasc, 'nrcping", neiraprint,
household articles, clinpinc from trees or ohrubs, csns, bottlec, boxes,
by products o: industry or coracierce, cleaolition T;cstes, ashes end ro forth
11011 COl-ET.STnLE UAS7E:
rcterir.l i;hich can not be reduced to ash ^;hen exposed to temperatures
of 300 F for c. period of 15 minutes of lesc in the presence of oxygen
sufficient to sunport nomal coobustion.
cc;;; CTI?LE UASTE:
Iratericl "hich crn be reduced to ach or reduced in volume by 20%
'/hen exposed to temperatures of "00°F for a periot' of 15 ninutec or less
in the presence of oxysen sufficient to support normal corbvstion.
SPECIAL irDTSTP.IAL T7AGTE:
Any by-oroduct of industry of a honogeneous character i;hich is non-
cotnbustiole and which its oxmer cc.n dispose of in such a manner r.c to
not create any nuisance either during or following such disnooal.
C"Et:iCAL 'IA3TE:
by product of industry v-hich may be toxic, explosive or other-
vise dangerous ^;hich requires knowledgeable treatment for Its disposal.
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DETCLITIO'1 'TAriE:
' r.tcriel produced In the rczinf, or extensive ren-odelinj of bv
pavements or other .trvctures, a pert of '.*hich may be combustible.
LAIIDFILLC :
Ooen arers of ground used for the deposition of :olid wastes fittir."
one of the follovin^ description:.
D-ITS:
*
An one?. s.rce of ground used for the deposition of solid veste by
t.iscellaneouc duroinj.
SAUITATIV LANDFILL:
An open are?, of ground used for the deposition of solid w.ste rrhere
materir.l ic denooitec1. under controlled conditions.
TJCIL'ERATCU LAl'DFILL:
An ooen £rea of ground used for the deposition of sterile csh fron
an incinerator p.nd for the deposition of non conbu~til>le iraste, contrin-
inj no putrescible materiel, which cannot be reduced in volvrae l>y incin-
errtion.
Structures built for F.nd containinc furnaces, nachinery and equipment
for the destruction by burning of solid "aste T'ith the maximum reduction
of volutne and a ninitnura of air pollution.
COLLECTIOi1:
The procecj of picking up and ^rcnsporting solid uaste fron the point
of deposition to the point of its ultimate disposal.
PRIVATE '-.A LEP.S:
Persons, Firms or Corporations encccec' in the business collectins and
transporting solid wastes to disposal sites.
l.^'ICIPAL VA'LERS:
equipnent for the collection and disposal of solid waste ormecl
by r taunici^ality f.nd operated by enoloyees of the otmin^ nunicipality.
Private "Rulers having contrrcts xrith municipalities or onerctins under
r^reementa -'ith municipalities shall be considered zz Private
i TDIVIDi AL 1IA LE^.S :
Either Persons, Firms or Corporations, using vehicles either otmed by
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them, rented or leased by then either "ith drivers or for their use by
themselves or by their ei.iployee" on an oc.cc ,ior.al banis .for the purpose
of transfer ti.v -.olid vacte produced by then to a point of disposal off
their OTTI premises.
rOARD:
The "ocrd of Covnty Comnis;. loners of Tranklin County, Ohio consist-
ing of three nenbers chosen as provided in Tec. -15.01 or Tec. 305.02 of
the Ohio Revised Code.
SAI'ITAT.Y ir^IL'EEl:
The "anitrry Cn-incsr of Frrnklin County, Ohio appointed by the loard
or hi" duly appointee Ac-intents acting in hie behalf or ste-d.
?T.".LIC 'SALT? DEPARTHE 'T
'Tiere ever the tcrr: Public 'lerlth Deprrtnent is used herein it shall
r.eeT- the PL-', lie ealth Departncnt hcvirij jurisdiction in the ^eojrcnhic
?rea r.ppronriete to the rule under diccussion.
AIWICO:1:* ' CA1D:
An Advisory orrd selected to periodically review the operation of
the Dl.-strict.
PROVISO.".: COVER- 1. 1C Vi;"ICLEC "TED FOPv COLLECT!'!;
AHD T'lA">rr'OTlTrT; ^CLTD TJASTi:^ ___
Frivrte i:c.v ler". shall obtz-in r permit for each vehicle u-;ed for the collection,
trtnsnortinc and disposal o2 solid waste becinnins vithin 60 days of the effective
drte of there regulations and shall renew such nertiit * y the 1st day of "antiary of
each s
Pemit cpTlicctio--. rre to be obtaimed rron the office of the Sanitary
Engineer, 4C E. Fulton Street, Coluubu-:, Ohio, 43215,
n- will show the type of vehicle to be voed ?nd will contain an
Affidavit certi'yins th;:t sucli vehicle conpliei t'it'i the renuircnents of these
re^ulrtions .
Pcrnit applic.-tionr, nust also be accomr.nie'' by a Certificate of Insurance of
an r.pnroved injuranre carrier shotrinc' thc.t the Private Iruler requesting the ner-
cit is insured a^cinct liability for personal injtry rnd property danase for not
lees then, $100,:,00.00 for each oerson and not less than $300,r>-OC.?0 for each
accident. Cne Insurr.nre Certificate or.ly need be furnished by c Private "ruler
even though he or it r.ay operate more t'ira one vehicle, however, failure to ?vpply
a new Certificate on or before the anniversary date of the policy TTill autonati-
cclly revol.e all permits held by such hauler.
approval of application for pevr.it, Private lauler vill receive rn
to be prominently displayed on ^ach vehicle used for collecting, tran?-
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-4-
porting and disposal of solid waste.
Vehicles for which permits are to be issued shall have tight bodies and shall
be either packer type bodies or dump truck fitted with tight covers to prevent the
escape of any portion of the load being transported no matter how minute. Inspec-
tion of vehicles may be made from time to time during the life of a permit and any
defect found which in the opinion of the Sanitary Engineer or any Public Health
Department makes the vehicle unsatisfactory for the purpose of transporting solid
waste must be corrected immediately.
Failure on the part of Private Hauler to make such correction will be con-
sidered grounds for revocation of permit.
Repeated violations of this provision or evidence of other careless operations
which might endanger the safety, health or general welfare of the citizens of the
community will be considered justification for the revocation of all permits held
by a Private Hauler. Non compliance with regulations regarding disposal sites shall
be considered careless operation for this purpose.
Permit fees must accompany each application in the amount of $15.00 for each
vehicle for which the original permit is sought. Renewal fees for each vehicle
will be $5.00. In the event a permit is not granted, fees will be refunded.
Municipal Haulers will be subject to the same regulations as Private Haulers
except that no charge will be made for permits. Violations of any of the above
will be reported to the luuniclpal official in responsible charge of vehicle
maintpruince and operation? for appropriate action. If prompt action is not taken
to correct the reported violation the permit for the offending vehicle will be
revoked.
Indiviaual Haulers will not be required to obtain permits. However, haulers
employed on a regular or st&nd-by-basis by a person, firm or corporation shall be
considered a Private Hauler within the meaning of these regulations.
DISPOSAL WITHIN THE DISTRICT:
«
Disposal of solid waste collected and transported by Private Haulers,
Municipal Haulers or Individual Haulers shall be made only at approved sites and
in conformance with these regulations.
BY LANDFILL METHOD:
All existing privately owned or operated Sanitary Landfills, dumps ifar
incinerators shall cease and desist immediately.
No privately owned or operated sanitary landfills, dumps or incinerators shall
hereafter be permitted v;ithin the boundaries of the Franklin County Incinerator
District No. I, as amended from time to time.
Except landfills operated in connection with District incinerators, only
sanitary landfills established, maintained, or operated under the direct control a.-
jurisdiction of the Board of County Commissioners shall be permitted within the
boundaries of the said District, as amended from time to time, provided publically
operated municipal landfill.-? in operation as of the effective date of these regux.
tions may continue to operate in accordance with the District Rules and Regulations
Feb. 21, 1967 126
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No new publically operated municipal landfills shall be permitted without
the express written consent of the Board of County Commissioners.
Wb'dYever a landfill operation other than in connection with an Incinerator Is
permitted, procedures shall be as follows:
Sanitary Landfills will be permitted only until such time as the District has
provided and placed in operation suitable incinerators.
Minimum Requirements For Operations. All publically operated sanitary land-
fills authorized shall comply with the minimum requirements for operation set forth
herein, or any other applicable local laws or ordinances. Such minimum require-
ments will consist of a method of operation whereby sufficient quantities of earth
or other acceptable material are available to cover compacted layers of deposited
solid waste not exceeding 30" in thickness after compaction, with 6 inches of well
compacted cover. Deposition of solid waste may be in trenches previously dug with
excavated earth for cover stock-piled adjacent thereto or may be on grade if suffi-
cient earth borrow or suitable material is available nearby and adequate hauling
equipment is maintained at the site to cover the compacted solid waste at frequent
intervals v?ith the required amount of cover. No deposited solid waste shall remain
uncompacted for a period of over two hours nor shall it remain uncovered at the end .,
of a days operation. '/
At the cessation of operations of a sanitary landfill for any reason an
additional layer of earth at least 24" in thickness shall be spread over the final
6" layer of compacted earth. This operation shall be performed within six months
after landfilling has be^n terminated.
A sanitary landfill must be surrounded by a suitable enclosure such as an
earth levee and/or fence of sufficient heif.ht to prevent lighter materials such as
paper or plastics from being carried off the property by wind.
Storage of gasoline, fuel oil, lubricating oil, or any inflammable material
will meet the rules and regulations of the Fire Prevention Bureau of the City of
Columbus and/or State Fire Marshal.
w
A sufficient number of fire extinguishers will be maintained in working con-
dition at proper locations.
Access roads will be constructed so that traffic thereon will not be Interrup-
ed by ordinary inclement weather. Access will be completely restricted by closing
an effective gate at the entrance except when an attendant is on duty.
Fire protection will be provided by one of the following means or an alternate
method approved by the Commissioners.
1. An adequate supply of water under pressure available at the
site together with suitable hose and nozzles.
2. Stockpile of earth maintained close enough to the working face
sufficient to smother any fire that may occur at the site.
The landfill site and the access roads will be watered, oiled or otherwise
treated whenever necessary to control dust.
127
Feb. 21, 1967
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-6-
Periodic inspection and necessary treatment by a qualified Exterminator shall
be done in such a manner as to eliminate any possibility of rodent infestation of
the area being landfilled.
When salvaging is permitted, it will be so organized as not to interfere with
prompt and sanitary disposal of waste.
Landfills for the Deposition of Demolition Waste: which contains no
putrescible material will be permitted only upon approval of the Sanitary Engineer,
Operations of such a landfill must be conducted in such a manner as not to create a
nuisance and any evidence of improper use of such a landfill will result in its
immediate closing.
Incinerator Landfills will be maintained at incinerator sites for the
deposition of incinerator ash aud non combustible material which has been collected
separately or otherwise separated from all combustible waste. Any non combustible
waate brought to an incinerator site must be weighed and disposal charged for at
rates set forth in these regulations.
Special Industrial Waste and Chemical Vlaste May Be Landfilled. Regulations
pertaining to creating a nuisance however, will apply to such operations and will
be under the control of Public Health Department.
Dumps for deposition of solid waste will not be permitted.
Open Burning. Open burning of solid waste will not be permitted.
BY INCINERATION:
It is proposed by the Board that incinerators of suitable size be built at
several locations within the County to provide for the convenient and efficient
disposal of solid wastes. These incinerators will be placed in operation at the
earliest possible date. All solid waste not in one of the special classifications
referred to as special industrial waste, chemical waste or demolition waste shall
be disposed of at one of these sff^sraL incinerators except as here noted.
Privately operated incinerators taeetlfi-g Approved standards will be permitted.
PROVISIONS FOR ADVISORY BOARD:
There is hereby created an Advisory Board consisting of seven (7) members to
be appointed as follows:
By the City of Columbus
1 member for a term of 1 year.
1 member for a term of 3 years.
«
By the Franklin County Council of Mayors
1 member for a term of 2 years.
By the Columbus Area Chamber of Commerce
I member for a term of 2 years.
By the City of Upper Arlington
1 member for a term of 3 years.
128
Pel*. 21, 1967
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-7-
By the recognized association of Private Haulers
for Franklin County.
1 member for a term of 3 years.
By the Franklin County Township Trustees and
Clerks Association.
1 member for a term of 1 year.
Upon expiration of the first term appointment as prescribed above each sub-
sequent appointment shall "be for a term"bf three-years.
The Advisory Board shall adopt its own regulations for its ovn rules of,
proceedure.
The purpose of the Advisory Board is to make recommendations to the Board
relative to the administration of the facilities of the District, adjustment in
rates and charges for their use and other pertinent matters in the best interest of
the health and xrelfare of the Franklin County Community relative to and resulting
from the operation of the District.
The Board shall make the services of an official of the District available,
upon request of the Advisory board, to furnish information regarding operations of
District.
AGREHIICOTS FOR DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE:
Immediately following the adoption of these regulations all municipalities
vilhin the diGtrict shall enter into an Agreement vith the Board relative to the
disposal of solid v;aste.
The Agreement will contain the schedule of rates charged for disposal of
solid waste and other details pertinent to the operation of the facilities of
the district,
PAY11ENT OF RATES AND CHARGES:
Rates and charges for use of any facilities operated by the Board shall be
as set forth in Appendix B of these regulations.
At the beginning of each month the amount due for the previous month for
disposal of solid waste at the rates and charges so set forth will be invoiced by
the Board to each municipality having an agreement with the Board. Payment shall
be made within 15 days from receipt of invoice.
Frivate Haulers will pay such rates and charges at the time disposal is made.
Payment may be in rpsh or may be deducted from an escrow account deposited with the
Sanitary Engineer for this purpose. Deposits in such an escrow account may be
made at the convenience of the Private Hauler but no overdrafts will be permitted.
Individual Hauler vrill pay cash at the time of disposal.
BASIS OF CHARGES FOR DISPOSAL:
Charges for disposal at any facility operated by the Board shall be determined
by the Board and shall be calculated to be sufficient to meet all costs of
Feb. 21, 1967 129
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-3-
operation maintenance, depreciation, obsolecence, debt service and administration
of the facilities of the District.
The unit of measure upon which rates are to be fixed is one (1) U.S. Ton
(2000\pounds).
Weight of each load shall be determined by means of scales installed at each
of the disposal sites.
PENALTIES:
1. Violation of Rules and Regulations
(A) No person, firm or corporation shall tamper with or damage any garbage
and refuse disposal plant or facilities constructed under Sections 343.01 to
343.08, inclusive, of the Revised Code, or any apparatus or accessory connected
therewith or pertaining thereto, or fail or refuse to comply with the rules or
regulations prescribed by such board, or refuse to permit the inspection or
examination by the sanitary engineer.
(B) Whoever violates division (A) of this provision shall be fined not more
than one hundred dollars ($100.00).
(C) In case any person, firm or corporation violates any provision of the
above rules or regulations or any amendment or supplement there'tq, tthe -Board of
County Commissioners, in addition to other remedies provided by Law, may institute
injunction, isandaiaus, abatement, or any other appropriate actions or proceedings
to prevent, enjoin, abate, or remove such unlawful violation.
Signed:
Glenn L. Myers
Effective Date of Henry A. Koontz
These Regulations
* Robert T. Southwick
January 18, 1967
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
FRANKLIN COUNTY, OHIO
Signed:
Glenn L. flyers
Effective Date of Henry A. Koontz
These Amended Regulations
February 21, 1967 BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
FRANKLIN COUTY, OHIO
130
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APPENDIX D
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO,
AND LOCAL NO. 1621, AMERICAN FEDERATION OF
STATE, COUNTY, AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO
131
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