United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air
and Waste Management
Washington, DC 20460
EPA-400/9-78-006
March 1978
Air
&EPA
Mobile Source
Emission
Factors
For Low-altrtude
Areas Only
Final
Document
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EFA-400/9-78-006
HCBILE SOOBCE JB^ISIC^
(for Low-Altitude Areas Cnly)
Final Document
March 1S7fi
Environmental Irot^ction Agency
Cffice of Transportation and
Land Dse Iclicy
401 H Street, S.«,
Washington, E.C. 20460
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***PA3m OFE: FO? ALI PEGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA 6 HIGH-ALTITUDE***
Introduction
A. Data Sources, .»..„.„..* **...».....».............. 1
B. Purpo se ...... ....................... .......... .....3
C. Principal Changes.. ............... ............... 3
D. Organ iza t ion. ...*...............* ................ 5
E. "elation tc Vehicle Inspection & Maintenance,.... 6
F. ^eactive vs. Non-reactive Hydrocarbon Emissions. .7
Chapter I. Light-duty,, Gasoline-powered Vehicles (IDV)
(Automobiles)
A. Introduction..................... ............ ....9
B. Composite Exhaust Emission Equation .............. 11
C. Pollutant Emission Factors for LDV's:
Assumption? and l^thedologies. ............... 12
D, Weighting Factoi ror Fraction of Annual Travel
by Model Year........ ............... ......... 13
E. Speed-memperat,ure-Hot/Cold Correction Factor..... 13
F. Air-Ccndi tioninq Correction Factor ............... 18
G. Vehicle leading Correction Factor ...... ....... .,.19
H. ""railer Tewing Correction Factor. ........ ........ 20
I. Humidity Correclion Factor. ............... ....... 2*1
J. Tdle Emission factors for IDV's .................. ?1
K. Crankcase and Evaporative HC Emission Factors
tcr LDV's .............................. ...... 22
Chapter II. Gasoline-powered, liqht-duty Trucks (IDT)
A. Introduction. ...... ....... „..., ..... ....... ....... 24
B, Composite Exhaust Emission Equat ion. ............. 25
C. Pollutant Emission Factors fcr IDT «s. ............ 26
D. Weighting Factors for LDT's. ............... ..... .26
E. Speed -"e in pfe rat ure- Hot /Cold Correction Factor ..... 2"7
F. Air-Ccndi tioninq Corr9cti.cn Factor., ............. 28
G. Vehicle Loading Correction Factor .......... ...... 28
H. Humidity Correction Factor ........... . ..... ......28
I. Tele Emission Bates for LET* s.. .................. 28
J. Crankcase and Evaporative HC Emission Factors
for I DT ' s, .*.,........» ...... . . ...... . ......... 29
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Chapter Til. Eeavy-duty, Gasolir.e-powered Vehicles (HDG)
A. Introduction , ...,..,.30
B. Composite Exhaust Emission Equation...... 33
C. Pollutant Emission Factors for HDG............... 34
D. Travel Weighting factor fcr HDG 34
E. Correction Factors fcr HDG ..........34
F. Truck Characteristic Factor for HDG.............. 35
G. Idle Emission Factors for HDG................'.«.. 36
H. Crankcase and Evaporative BC Emission Factors
for HDG..,,.. 36
Chapter IV. Heavy-duty, Diesel-powered Vehicles (HDD)
A. Introduction «... B"7
B. Pollutant Emission Factors for HDD 3"*
C. Weighting Factor for HDD ...38
D. Speed Correction Factor fcr HDD.................. 38
E. Truck Characteristic Factor for HDD 38
F. Idle Emission Factors for HDD 39
Chapter V. Motorcycles (MC)
A. Introduction, ..............40
B. Composite Exhaust Emission Equation..., 41
C. Pollutant Emission Factors for Motorcycles. .42
D. Travel Weighting Factor ..42
E. Temperatuie-Speed-Hot/Cold Correction Factor ..... 42
F. Idle Emission Factors fcr Motorcycles. ....43
G. Evaporative Emission Factors..................... 43
***PABT TWO: CAIIFCPNTA***
Mobile Source Emission Factors for Califcrria
***PABT THREE: HIGH-ALTITOCE BEGIONS***
Mobile Source Emission Factors for High-Altitude
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A. Selected Speed Correcticn Factors
B. Coefficients for the Normalized Equations fcr
?pe€d Correction Values
C. Sample Calculation of Motor Vehicle Emissions
Osing Mobile Source Emission Factors, ....... .,* C-1'
D. Vehicle Imission Standards... ....................... D-1
E. Derivation of Emission Factors ....... .« .......... ...E-11
F, Average Highway Vehicle Emission Factors ..... «.««..«F-'1
G. Methodology for Calculating Cumulative Mileage* «..«. G-"<
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""his document officially revises previous mcfcile source
emission factors which were presented in Supplement flc. 5 to
AP-42, Conpilation of Sir Pollutant Emission
Factors (Deceirber, ^975), In mid-19"^ this document will be
published as a Supplement to AF-42, at which time additional
explanatory material, revised typeset, renumbered tables,
and other format changes will be made.
This document does net revise all information in
Supplement Nc. 5. In particular, updated factors are not
included for light-duty diesel automobiles, light-duty
diesel trucks, cff-road sources, or aircraft; ncr is any
information included on particulates.
AP-U2 will be revised periodically via new supplements
if measured emission factor values, as determined through
in-use vehicle testing programs (assembly line and
surveillance testing) , and projected emission factors, as
estimated from testing of prototype vehicles and from
changes to statutory motor vehicle emission standards vary
from the estimates contained in this document.
A- PSJta Sources. To answer the question of how well
vehicles perform in actual use, EPA has administered a
series of exhaust emission surveillance programs. Test
fleets of consumer-owned vehicles within various major
cities are selected by model year, make, engine size,
transmission, and carburetor in such proportion as to be
representative of both the normal production of each model
year and the contribution of that model year to total
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vehicle miles traveled. In the case of heavy-duty vehicles,
fuel type and gross vehicle weight were also key items in
the stratification scheme.
The data collected in these programs are analyzed to
provide mean emissions by model-year vehicle in each
calendar year, change in emissions with the accumulation of
mileage, change in emissions with the accumulation of age,
percentage of vehicles complying with standards, and effect
on emissions of vehicle parameters (enqine displacement,
vehicle weight, etc.)- These surveillance data, along with
prototype vehicle test data, assembly line test data, and
technical judgment, form the basis for the existing and
projected mobile source emission factors presented in this
document.
The most recently published results of the emission
factor program are available in a summary report,
'Automobile Exhaust Emission Surveillance Analysis of the FY
*<9<74 Program1, EPA-460/3-76-(n 9, Environmental Protection
Agency, OMSAFC/ECTD, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105. Both the
EPA emission factor surveillarce program and the EPA
regulatory program depend on a valid test procedure over
which representative urban emissions can be measured. At
the present time, EPA has two test procedures: one for
light-duty vehicles (LDVs)--including cars, light trucks,
and motorcycles—and one for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) .
These procedures are discussed in subsequent chapters.
For localized pollutants such as CO, the ability of the
test procedure to predict changes in emissions depends on
the similarity of the localized driving pattern and
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associated operating conditions to those in the test
procedure. The EPA therefore has developed a series of
correction factors to expand upon the LDV and HDV test
procedures and tc predict emissions from a large number of
user-specific scenarios. Data required to develop these
correction factors have been generated using carefully
designed statistical studies which test consumer-owned
vehicles.
B- £u££P.se. This current revision to previous mchile source
emission factors is necessary for several reasons:
1. '"hese numbers reflect test data from a much larger
sample of in-use vehicles in all vehicle categories
than was available previously,
2. New data on catalyst-equipped (pest-1 9
automobiles are available, requiring significant
revision of previously projected emission factors.
3. Additional correction factors and revised
correction factors for a wider range of conditions
are now available.
4. EPA has promulgated new standards for light-duty
trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, motorcycles, and
light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck evaporative
emissions.
5. Vehicle emission standards for several vehicle
categories have been revised by the Clean Air Act
Amendments of *91~! (Public law 95-95).
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c-
Both the format and the content of
this document differ from AP-42, Supplement No. 5, in
several ways:
1 . Both actual and projected emission factors are
presented in one table for all calendar years for
each pollutant. Previously, this information was
presented in separate tables for each calendar
year. mhe revised tables should be easier to use-
In addition to tabled
equations used to generate
to increase the ease of
inventory process.
emission values, the
the tables are included
automating the emission
All vehicles are no longer assumed to travel 10,000
miles per year. Instead, the national average
mileage accumulation rates are used, resulting in
vehicle miles traveled (VMT) greater than 10,000
miles per year for newer vehicles and decreasing
mileage accumulation as vehicles age.
Deterioration of exhaust emissions
continue beyond the first ten
vehicle's operating life.
is assumed to
years of the
5. The emission standards for each model year vehicle
and the derivation of appropriate emission rates
are given in appendices.
6. Emission
altitude
this document,.
factors specific to California and high-
areas are contained in separate parts of
"he previous eguation for computing a light-duty
vehicle composite exhaust emission factor (E) given
by:
E = SUM (CMVZ?)
where the notation SOM(..) represents summation
over model year, has remained basically the same
(as defined in AP-42, Supplement Fo. 5) with the
addition of several (optional) correction factors
and a single correction factor relating speed,
ambient temperature, and hot/cold vehicle
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operation., The revised equation is given by
E = SU^ (CHFALUP)
where:
C = the 1975 Federal Test Procedure mean emission factor
M = fraction of total mileage
? = temperature, speed, hot/cold correction factor
A = air-conditioning correction factor
I = vehicle load correction factor
0 = trailer towing correction factor
H - humidity correction factor
The revised equation is described fully in Chapter I.
8. ^he gereral equation format also has changed for
each of the other motor vehicle categories. These
revised equations are discussed in each chapter.
9. A single correction factor (F) relates ambient
temperature, vehicle speed, and the hot/cold
operating node mix fcr light-duty vehicles, light-
duty trucks, and motorcycles,
10. Correction factors are now available for a wider range
of speed and temperature conditions.
11. Idle emission rates are given for all vehicle
categories.
12, The medal emission model (which is discussed in
Supplement No, 5) is net treated in this document, but
is treated in other EFA reports. (1)
_ Mcxlal Analysis
United 3tat.es Enva. conraental Protection Agency, Office
of Motile Source Air Pollution Control, Feport No.
EPA-460/3-74-005, ..Canary '19"?y; and
s for JHL.L j2Ji§.II*I J.MHt^.QMS6. £i!H!]iS3 and
Volume 9: Evaluating Indirect Sourcesx U.S.
E.P.A. , Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
Pepcrt No. EPA-U50/4-'75-001r January 1975, An update
report on the modal model is available from
CAB/Of SAPCf Enviroriuer.tal Protection Agency, 2565
Plymouth ?d., Am, Atbci, Michigan U8105.
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D» SiaiiSizatrLon.. Chapters T through V provide emission
factors for each vehicle category: light-duty, gasoline-
powered vehicles (automobiles); light-duty, gasoline-powered
trucks; heavy-duty, gasoline-powered vehicles (trucks and
buses); heavy-duty, diesel-powered vehicles (trucks and
buses) ; and motorcycles.
Each chapter provides inforiraticn for use in all areas
except California and high-altitude; those emission factors
are contained in separate parts of this document.
""he eguations fcr computing a composite emission factor
and for computing individual correction factors are
presented in each chapter.
Computation of all correction factors and composite
emission factors is sufficiently complex and time-consuming
that a computer program should te used. A computer program
for using these emission factors can be obtained from the
Office of Transportation and land Use Policy, A«-4U5, EPA,
40** W St., S.W. , Washington, D.C. 20460.
E» I§la±io£ IP. VeJii£.Lg Ins^ection^Kaintenance.. If a motor
vehicle inspection/maintenance (I/M) program is in effect in
the area for which emissions are being calculated, emissions
reduction credit can be taken.
A methodology for determining I/M credit was contained
in the proposed revision cf Appendix N to 40 Cf? Fart 51
(see 42 Federal. £ec[ister 27^^, Hay 2, "97^). Appendix N
gives credits for all gasoline-fueled sources (light-duty
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vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, and
motorcycles). A final revision tc Appendix N will be
published in early 19"'8,
Emission reduction credit attributable tc an I/M
program will vary according tc the type of program in
effect, depending on: the stringency factor for determining
the emission level for passing or failing tested vehicles;
the calendar year of interest and calendar year when I/M was
first implemented; the presence of an adeguate program of
mechanic training; subseguent years of I/M program
operation; and freguency of inspections.
The computer program available from EPA includes the
capability tc apply I/M credits tc emissions estiorates.
vg? Non-reactive Hydrocarbon Emissions^
Available scientific evidence indicates that methane and a
few other ncn-reactive organic compounds do not contribute
to violations of ambient oxidant standards. EFA's Volatile
Organic Compound policy, published in the federal lecjister
on July 8, ^977, allows a limited number of compounds,
including methane, ethane, Freon 1^?, and methyl chloroform,
to be excluded from control actions. States hav» been
advised that they should exclude these rorapounffs from the
baseline emission inventories that ar<=: to hp used for
control strategy development for photochemical oxirlants.
Although motor vehicles are regulated directly by the Clean
Air Act on a total hydrocarbon basis (rather than on a
"reactive" hydrocarbon basis), it is appropriate when
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estimating ambient oxidant levels to consider only those
motor vehicle emissions which will react to force oxidants.
However, consideration must be qivers to the format of any
associated stationary source emission inventory so that
mobile source and stationary source emission inventories are
consistent.
Prior to the introduction cf catalyst technology, virtually
all (95% or greater) mobile source emissions were considered
reactive. With present and future catalyst technology, the
methane (i.e., non-reactive) fraction of total hydrocarbon
emissions is increasing significantly. The best estimates
of the methane percentages applicable to each vehicle
category are as follows:
LDV Exhaust, pre-1975 5X
LDV Exhaust, post-''974 *5X
LDV Exhaust, Diesel 2%
LDT Exhaust, pre-1975 5*
0-6K LDT Exhaust, Post-^^U -«5X
6-8.5K LET Exhaust, 1975--1978 5*
6-8.5K LET Exhaust, post-1978 15%
Gasoline HDV Exhaust, pre-1983 5X
Gasoline HDV Exhaust, post-1982 ^5X
Diesel HEV Exhaust, all years 2%
Evaporative Emissions, all y«=ars and sources OX
Crankcase Emissions OX
Motorcycle Emissions - '2 stroke ""£
Motorcycle Emissions - U stroke 5X
Gas Turbine fcniissions 5X
While the ccmputer program available from EPA permits the
calculation of either total or ron-methane hydrocarbon
emissions, all EC. emission factor? are presented in this
document as total hydrocarbon.,,
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Chapter I
LIGHT DUTY VIHIC1ES
A« l££roducJLion._ Because cf their widespread use, light-
duty vehicles (automobiles) are responsible fcr a large
share of air pollutant emissions in many areas cf the United
States. Substantial research effort has been expended to
accurately characterize emissions from these vehicles.
EPA's Emission Factor Program (EIP) was instituted a number
of years ago in order to estimate emission levels of in-use
vehicles fcr area-wide urban scenarios.
In addition to the methodologies presented for
calculating CO, HC, and NCx exhaust emissions, data are
given later in this chapter for emissions in the idle mode
and for crankcase and evaporative hydrocarbon emissions.
The method for determining composite automobile
emission factors, based on the Federal Test Procedure (FTP),
is a modification of the procedure that was discussed in
earlier editions of AP-42. Emissions testing of light-duty
vehicles currently is performed according to the ^9^5 FmP as
stipulated in the Federal 5eg.ister (Vol ""S"7, No. 2*1",
November 15, 1972). The FTP conditions under which light-
duty vehicles were tested are as fellows:
1. Ambient temperature = 75°F average (68<>F-ee°F)
2. Absolute humidity = "?5 grains
3. Average speed = 19.6 mph, ""SK idle operation
?4. Average cold operation = 2^%
5, Average hot start operation =
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Chapter I light-Duty Vehicles
6. Average stabilized operation = 52%
~r. Air-conditioning not in use
8. Car contains driver only; no passengers, luggage, etc.
9. Car is net pulling a trailer
"0. Vehicles are not in an Inspection/Maintenance program
11. Vehicles receive typical in-use maintenance
The FTF for light-duty vehicles can te briefly
described by the following:
1. Determine weight of vehicle.
2. Determine road-load (assuming level road, nc curves,
no wind) - function of weight and frontal area.
3. Preccndition vehicle (i.e., vehicle is briefly
driven).
U. "Soak" vehicle for 12 hours at 680F-86«F.
5. Push vehicle onto a dynamometer.
6. Start test.
7. First 505 seconds collected in bag t"1. Mileage =
3.59 miles. Average speed = 25.6 mph.
8. Next 870 seconds collected in bag #2 (Engine is not
turned off). Mileage = 3. 91 miles. Average speed =
16 mph.
9. Motor is turned off.
"0. Car is "soaked" 10 minutes.
I1. Car is restarted and the first 505 seconds are rerun
and collected in bag #3,
*2. The grams of pollutant are determined fcr each bag.
*3. NOx is corrected for humidity.
"U. The FTP gm/mile value is computed.
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Chapter I light-Euty Vehicles
B. As mentioned in the Introduction, the calculation of
composite exhaust emission factors using the complete FmP
method is given by:
Enpstwx = SOH( Cipn*Min*Ripstwx*Aip*Lp*Oipw*Hip )
where all lower case letters are subscripts and:
SDM( ) = summation over model year (i) , from the
calendar year for which emission factors
are being calculated (i=n) to the calendar
year 19 years previous (i = n-19).
Enpstwx = Composite emission factor in gm/mi for
calendar year n, pollutant p, average
speed s, ambient temperature t, fraction
cold operation w, and fraction hot start
operation x.
Cipn = The FTP (I9n5 Federal ^est Procedure) mean
emission factor for the ith model year
light-duty vehicles during calendar year
n, and for pollutant p.
Win = The fraction of annual travel by the ith
model year IDVs during calendar year n.
Pipstwx = The temperature, speed, and hot/cold
correction factor for the ith model year
LDVs for pollutant p, average speed s,
ambient temperature t, fraction cold
operation w, and fraction hot start
operation x.
Aip = The air-conditioning correction factor for
the ith model year IDVs, for pollutant p.
Ip = The vehicle load correction factor for
pollutant p.
Dipw = The trailer tewing correction factor for
the ith model year IDVs, for pollutant p,
and for fraction of cold operation x.
Hip = The humidity correction factor for the ith
model year IDVs, fcr pollutant p.
Computation of all factors for the complete composite
exhaust emission factor equation should be computerized for
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Chapter I light-Duty Vehicles
all practical purposes. A computer program is available
from EPA's Office of Transportation and land Use Policy,
M St., S. W. , Washington, D. C. 20H60.
c« Z°li]2i§;Q.l JiJ5.issiori factors fc_r light-duty, vehicles,. The
FTP mean emission factors are given in Tables 1-2 through
1-4. These emission factors represent average emission
factors for July of the calendar year.
The two emission values needed to estimate the emission
rates--the zero mileage emission rate and the deterioration
rate (per 10,000 miles)--are listed in Table T-1 for
different emission control technology categories.
Each LCV emission rate is calculated from a linear
mathematical function:
Cipn = Aip + Eip*Yin
where all lower case letters are subscripts and:
Cipn = the FTP (1975 Federal mest Procedure) mean
emission factor, in gin/mi, for ith model
year LDVs in calendar year r, and for
pollutant p.
Aip = the zero mileage exhaust emission rate of
pollutant p, in gm/mi, for ith ircdel year
LDVs.
Bip = the emission deterioration rate per 10,000
miles, of" pollutant pf for ith ircdel year
LDVs.
Yin = the cumulative mileage of ith mcdel year
LDVs in calendar year n, divided by
10,000.
Explanations of the appropriate vehicle emission
standards and of the derivation of emission rates can be
found in Appendices D and Ef respectively.
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Chapter I Light-Duty Vehicles
mable T-5a presents the average cumulative mileages for
LDVs by age, on July 1. The numbers in this table are
derived from the mileages presented in Table 1-5, using the
methodology presented in Appendix G.
Z§£tor.. * sample calculation of this
variable is presented in ""able 1-5. In this sample,
nationwide statistics, averaged ever five years between <19"70
and <'9"6, are used and the fraction of in-use vehicles by
model year (vehicle age) is weighted on the basis cf annual
miles driven. The calculation may be "localized" to reflect
local (county or state) vehicle age mix, annual miles
driven, or both. Otherwise, these national data may be
used. Table 1-5 is assumed applicable to projections as
well as existing situations.
Correction Factor ""he
emission factors found in Tables 1-2 through I-U may be used
directly in calculating emissions for scenarios watching
those in the Federal Test Procedure (FTP). As described
earlier, the FTP describes an average ambient temperature of
"'BOF, a particular mix of cold, hot stabilized, and hot
transient operation, and specific average speeds associated
with each of these modes. If emission calculations are
desired for scenarios matching these FTP conditions, no
correction would be necessary, i»e., a value of 1.0 can be
used for any correction factor if better information is not
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Chapter I light-Duty Vehicles
available.
For scenarios which vary from the FTP conditions,
correction factors are desirable. The correction factor for
ambient temperature, average speed, and percentage hot and
cold operation represents a major change from the previous
treatment in Supplement 5 to AP-42. The interdependence of
these variables has led to their expression as a single
correction factor, rather than as separate correction
factors. The new factor is identified by the term Pipstwx
in the composite exhaust emission eguation.
The FTF measures emissions during three phases of
operation. A cold transient phase is representative of
vehicle start-up after a long engine-off period; a
stabilized phase is representative of warmed-up engine
operation; and hot-start vehicle operation occurs in the
first 505 seconds of vehicle start-up after a shcrt engine-
off period. The cold, hot, and stabilized phases are 21%,
2""*, and 52%, respectively, of the total FTP mileage.
For non-catalyst vehicles, the cold vehicle operation
phase is defined as the first 505 seconds cf vehicle
operation following a 4-hcur engine off period. For
catalyst vehicles the cold operation phase is defined as the
first 505 seconds of vehicle operation following a ^-hour
engine-off period. If the engine-off period ('soak time1)
is less than 4 hours for non-catalyst vehicles or less than
1 hour for catalyst vehicles, the restarted vehicle is
considered to be in a hct operating mode. Mere specific
information on the relationship between cold vehicle
operation, 'soak time1, and ambient temperature may be
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Chapter I , light-Duty Vehicles
obtained from EPA's Office of Transportation and land Use
Policy.
In those situations where the percentage of ccld,
stable, and hot vehicle operation do not match the F""P
percentages (i.e., 2^%, 52%, and 2"^}, emission factors may
be corrected to account for the actual percentage of total
mileage in each operating node. Knowledge of the percent
VMT in each mcde is especially useful for microscale
analyses in which these percentages can vary greatly within
any urban area as well as diurnally. One methodology used
to determine the appropriate cold mode percentages may be
found in the EPA report: Determination of Percentages of
Vehicles O^eratija in the Cold Start Modex EPA-U50/3-~~-023,
August " 9""?, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, research mriangle
Park, North Carolina 27711.
During the FTP emissions are collected in tags
according tc these three phases of operation. Bag 1
represents the emissions sampled under cold start conditions
with an average speed of 26 mph; Sag 2 represents emissions
sampled under stabilized conditions with an average speed of
16 mph; and Bag 3 represents emissions sampled under hot
start conditions with an average spsed of 26 mph.
In those situations where the bag-specific average
speeds do net match those of the FTP, it is necessary to
correct the average speed. The speed correction factors are
incorporated ictc the correction factors for temperature-
hot /cold weighting rather than being given as separate
factors. The reason for this incorporation stems from the
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Chapter I light-Duty Vehicles
assumption that, the effect cf speed on emissions is bag-
specific. The resulting formulas for HC, CO, ar.d NQx are
presented in ^able 1-6.
Although the speed correction factors are incorporated
into the Pipstwx formulas, selected speed correction factors
are given in Appendix A: (1) for g.eneral information, and
(2) to permit comparison with speed correction factors which
can.be generated for any speed from the normalized equations
given in Appendix B.
Data used to develop the Bipstwx values were provided
by five sources:
(i) the study llbient Temperature and Vehicle Emissions
(EPA U60/3-7U-028, "October 1 9^U) "in which FTP
emissions tests were performed on '196"7-1S75 model
year non-California cars at ambient temperatures of
200F to
(2) data from the Environmental Protection Service,
Ottawa, Canada, on FTP tests of 19"'5 cars meeting
either the federal standards or the mere stringent
California emission standards;
(3) EFA's annual Emission Factor Program, which tests •
in-use vehicles in seven cities across the country;
the 1970 Vehicle Operations Survey; and,
(5) the 197U GM Chase Car Survey.
Applicability of correction factors.. The general correction
factors are applicable to ambient temperatures cf 0°F to
110°F, speeds of 5 to 60 cph, ?-nd all com): Anatxens of.
hot/cold driving. Also, the factors should only te applied
to transient driving situations. To predict the emissions
of a steady-state (i.e., constant speed) driving sequence
such as constant 20 mph operation, the modal analysis model
should be applied to the specific speed of interest end/or
EPA surveillance reports should be referenced. The
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Chapter I light-Duty Vehicles
difference between emissions measured over steady state and
transient cycles is considerable at low average speeds
(greater than 20%) and becomes negligible at speeds of
approximately 45 mph. For further information en the modal
analysis model, see the footnote on p. 5.
For regional modeling, urban and rural emission
projections should be performed separately to uir.imize the
chance of introducing major errors which might result from
incorrectly applied speed correction factors. Obviously,
every vehicle on a road link will not have the same average
speed; there will be a range of speeds. If (1) a speed
correction factor is applied to model the average emission
on a road link, (2) the correction factor is linear within
this range, and (3) traffic is symmetrically distributed
around the average speed, then the application cf a single
correction factor is appropriate. The same situation exists
in modeling regional emission levels. However, the extent
to which this assumption of symmetry is satisfactory is not
known at the present time. Thus, it would be prudent to
apply separate models to project urban emission levels and
rural emission levels.
Supplement 5
ambient t empsrature-hot /cold correction factors for pre-''9"T5
and '"^S model year cars, respectively, were ccirpared with
the revised factors for pre-ccntrolled 1968-'1?"'4, 1975
Federal, and ''975 California model year vehicles. For these
comparisons, average speed was assumed equal to F"P average
sp«ed conditions* Comparisons indicate thdt under severe
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Chapter I Tight-Duty Vehicles
temperature-Khot/%cold conditions. Supplement 5 correction
factors for HC and CO are substantially higher than the
revised factors, and that under mild conditions, Supplement
5 factors are substantially lower than the revised numbers.
For NOx the correction factors are on the same order of
magnitude.
F- IDV Correctijcn Factor for Air Conditioning,..
The use of air conditionirg can have a significant
effect on emissions. The following correction factors may
be applied tc all model years:
I Air Conditioning Correction Factors for All Model Years)
I I
) HC | CO 1 NOx |
I 1.13 i 1.18 i i.ie i
In order to apply the air conditioning correction
factors, it is necessary to knew the percentage cf vehicles
in the population that are eguipped with air conditioning.
Data from EPA«s FT 74 Emission Factor Program irdicate the
following percentage by model year. These values include
both factory installed and customer installed air
conditioning systems. City-specific values may vary
considerably frons these estimates.
-18-
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Chapter I light-Duty Vehicles
Percentage of Vehicles with A/C by Model Year (
Pre-1966 | 54* |
1966-1968 | 66% f
^569-1972 ( "5% j
In addition, any specific application of air conditioning
correction factors should consider the percentage of time
that the air conditioning is in use. Adjusted for the local
situation, the following eguation should be employed:
A = (u) (v) (cf - 1.0) + 1.0
where :
A = correction factor adjusted for usage level,
u = fraction of vehicles equipped with air
conditioning,
v = fraction of vehicles which are ecuipped with
air conditioning, and which have the A/C
system in operation, and,
cf = tabled A/C correction factor.
""his calculation assumes that vehicles with A/C installed
travel the same average mileage per year as dc vehicles
without A/C installed.
G« Vehicle Loading Correction Factor.. The JTE emission
factors found in Tables 1-2 through T-U assume an average
vehicle loading of 300 pounds, which accounts for the weight
of a typical driver, vehicle fuel, and ether liquids. There
are, however, situations in which vehicles have higher
passenger/luggage loading.
To apply the vehicle loading correction factors rosir',5
in Table T-S to a specific situation, it is necessary to
have an estimate of the percentage of total vehicles which
.10.
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Chapter I light-Duty Vehicles
are operating under an additional 500 pounds condition
because they are heavily occupied with people cr baggage.
The actual correction factor adjusted for the usage level
also is given in Table 1-9.
Although these factors are specific to the 500 pound
weight load, interpolation between 300 pounds and 800 pounds
is acceptable.
Correction Factor., The FTP emission
factors found in Tables T-2 through 1-4 represent
circumstances in which the vehicle is not towing a trailer,
""his section discusses the correction factors fcr vehicles
which are towing trailers.
A discrete weight point was selected for testing the
influence of trailer towing en vehicle emissions. This
point is 1OOC pounds of additional weight. Extrapolation or
interpolation of trailer towing correction factors is not
appropriate. Table 1-10 presents the values fcr trailer
towing correction for all model years prior to ^975. mhese
values result from the averaging of test results for model
years 1967 to 197U.
For ^975 and later model years, the correction factor
value must te determined by using the equations in Table
T-^O. The distinction between pre-^975 models and later
models is due to the assumption that a large increased load
on a catalyst vehicle will result in greater emissions
luring hot operation than during cold operation. The
additional lead is expected to result in rich operation,
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Chapter I light-Duty Vehicles
reducing the oxygen available tc the catalyst and thereby
increasing emissions.
Correction Factor.. The NOx tabled emission
factors are normalized to 75 grains of water per pcund of
dry air. In order to correct NCx emissions under different
humidity conditions, the formula for the correction factor
is given belcw., and is applicable for all model years:
Humidity Correction Factor for NOx
C.F. = 1.0 - .00
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Chapter I light-Duty Vehicles
from the initial emission rates and deterioration rates
given in Table 1-7, The emission rates in grams/minute at
age Y are given by the tabled values; where the first term
of any quantity of the form a + bY is the initial emission
rate (at age zero), and the coefficient of the second term
is the deterioration, expressed in units of grams per minute
per *OOOQ miles.
K» £rankc^ajj a.nd Evaporative Emission Factors^ In addition
to exhaust emission factors, the calculation of hydrocarbon
emissions frcm gasoline vehicles involves evaporative and
crankcase hydrocarbon emission factors. The two major
sources of evaporative hydrocarbon emissions frcm light-duty
vehicles are the fuel tank and the carbureter system.
Diurnal changes in ambient temperature result in expansion
of the air-fuel mixture in a partially filled fuel tank. As
a result, gasoline vapor is expelled to the atmosphere.
Punning losses from the fuel tank occur as the fuel is
heated by the road surface during driving, and hct-soak
losses from the carburetor system occur after engine
shutdown at the end of a trip.
Previous editions of AP-42 contained several equations
and emission factors for computing crankcase and evaporative
hydrocarbon emissions. Since crankcase hydrocarbon
emissions frcm post-1963 vehicles are negligible, only on©
emission factor and one equation are presented. ^hese
values are determined from data collected in the emission
factor programs. Future rates are based on the assumption
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Chapter I light-Euty Vehicles
that standards currently in the regulatory process will be
implemented and that the vehicles will meet the standards
throughout their useful life. Crankcase and evaporative
emissions arc not assumed to deteriorate as vehicles age.
Composite evaporative and crankcase emissions can be
determined using:
Fn = SOM( Hi*Min )
where all lower case letters are subscripts and:
Fn = The composite crankcase and evaporative
hydrocarbon emission factor for calendar year
n,
Hi = The crankcase and evaporative emission factor
for the ith mcdel year, and
Win = The weighted annual travel of the ith model
year during calendar year n.
Crankcase and evaporative hydrocarbon emission rates by
model year are summarized in Table 1-8. The exhaust
emission factors in Tables 1-1 and T-2 do ret include
crankcase or evaporative emissions.
-23-
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Chapter
TT
GASCLINE-POWEHEE IIGHT-EUTY TPUCKS
A. Introduction. This vehicle category consists of trucks
used chiefly for personal transportation which are powered
by gasoline-fueled, spark-ignited internal combustion
engines. Twc sub-categories of light-duty trucks are used:
trucks having a gross vehicle weight (GVW) in the range
0-6000 pounds, and trucks with GVW in the range 6001-8500
pounds. Trucks in these two categories are essentially all
two-axle, four tire trucks. Trucks and buses having a GVW
above 8500 pounds are defined as heavy-duty vehicles and are
discussed in Chapters III and TV. These definitions of
light-duty trucks and heavy-duty vehicles are identical to
those in AF-42, Supplement 5.
The testing conditions used for the light-duty trucks
in the 0-60CO pound range are the same as these in the
Federal Test Procedure (TTF) for light-duty vehicles, as
discussed in Chapter I. Until the 19<79 model year, the
trucks in the 600^-8500 pound range are to be certified
under the less stringent Heavy-Euty Truck Procedures. In
^"^ the testing conditions for both weight ranges will be
the same as those currently in effect for light-duty trucks.
-24-
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Chapter II Light-duty Trucks
B. Cjomj3osite Jxhaiist Ejissioji Isjuation.^ The composite
exhaust emission factor for gasoline-powered LDTs is given
by:
Enpstw = SOM( Cipn*Min*Bipstwx*Aip*Lp*Hip )
where all lower case letters are subscripts and:
SDM( ) = summation over model year (i) , from the
calendar year for which emission factors
are being calculated (i=n) to the calendar
year 19 years previous (i=n-19).
Enpstwx = Composite emission factor in gin/mi for
calendar year n, pollutant p, average
speed s, ambient temperature t, fraction
cold operation wf and fraction hot start
operation x.
Cipn = The FTP (19"75 Federal Test Procedure) mean
emission factor for the ith model year
light-duty trucks during calendar year n,
and for pollutant p.
Min = The fraction cf annual travel ty the ith
model year LDTs during calendar year n.
Pipstwx = The temperature, speed, and hot/cold
correction factor for the ith mcdel year
LDTs for pollutant p, average speed s,
ambient temperature t, fraction cold
operation w, and fraction hot start
operation x.
Aip = The air-ccnditicning correction factor for
the ith model year LDTs, for pollutant p.
Lp = The vehicle load correction factor for
pollutant p.
Hip = The humidity correction factor for the ith
model year LDTs, fcr pollutant p.
-25-
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Chapter II Light-duty Tracks
c« H°iIiLtant emission factors for lightedutjr i rucks*. The
zero mileage emission rates and deterioration rates (per
10,000 miles) used to generate the tabled emission factors
are listed separately in Tables IT-1, II-*1 a, and II-1b for
the 0-6000 pcund category, the 6001-8500 pound category, and
the combined category. Emission factors for each weight
category are given in Tables II-2a through II-4af and Tables
II-2b through II-4b, and composite emission factors which
combine the two weight categories of light-duty trucks using
the national sales weighting statistics have been calculated
for each calendar year by model year and are given by
pollutant in Tables IT-2 through II-U.
Tables II-5c and II-5d present the average cumulative
mileages for LDTs by age, on July 1. The numbers in this
table are derived from the mileages presented in Tables
TT-5a and II-5b, using the methodology presented in Appendix
G.
D« Welsh lias lectors f°J. k2!sA 1. .Sales Weighting Factors
for LDTs.. Table 11-^0 presents th€ percentage of 0-8500
pound LDTs in each of the weight categories 0-6000 pounds
GVW and 600^-8500 pounds GVH. These percentages may be used
to weight the two sets of emission factors in Tables II-2a
through TT-Ub. This weighting was used to generate the
emission factors in Tables TI-2 through II-U. The
percentage distribution by sales is based on naticral data.
-• UrAYJgl Weighting Factor. A sample calculation of this
variable is presented in Table IT-5. In this sample,
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Chapter II light-duty "rucks
nationwide statistics are used, and the fraction cf in-use
vehicles by model year (vehicle age) is weighted on the
basis of the annual rate cf nileage accrual. mhe
calculation iray he "localized" to reflect local (county or
state) vehicle age mix, annual rate of mileage accrual, or
both. In situations where local data are not available, the
national data may be used. Table IT-5 is assumed applicable
to prelections as well as existirg situations.
Correction Factor.. limited
data are available for the development of correction factors
for light-duty trucks (LOT). Due to the similarity of
engine designs and emission control designs, LD""s are
expected to behave similarly to IDVs under ether than
standard F^r conditions. ""herefcre, the discussion of
Pipstwx in Chapter I is applicable to IDTs as well, with the
following modifications:
Tables TI-6a and II-6b contain the general formulas
for calculating Pipstwx. The two tables differ in
that LDT^s less than 6000 Ibs. have three applicable
riipstwx equations while IDT's greater than 6000 Ibs.
have only two applicable eguaticns.
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Chapter TI light-duty ^rucks
F- AiE Cond^ticnina Correcjtion factor^ Correction factors
for air-conditioning, Aip, in light-duty trucks are assumed
to be eguivalent to the IDV air-conditioning correction
factors, as discussed in Chapter I.
G. Vehicle loading Correction Factor^ Correction factors
for additional load (passenger and/or luggage) of 500
pounds, designated by the term Lp, are assumed to be
eguivalent tc those indicated in Chapter I for IDVs.
H. Humidity Correction Factor,.. The user is again reminded
that this correction factor is only relevant to TOx
emissions. The correction factor and methodology discussion
for IDVs in Chapter I is assumed applicable to IBTs.
I. Td_le Emission Factors for LDTs._ As discussed in Chapter
I, there are occasions which arise in which the emissions
estimate must reflect the idle operating ircde. Idle
emission factors are expressed in terms of elapsed time of
vehicle operating minutes.
0*^000 Ifea. l£^£JS.§«. Idle emission rates for this truck
weight category car. be calculated from the initial emission
rates and deterioration rates in Table Il-^a. The emission
rates, in gm/minute, are given by the tabled values; where
the first term of any guantity of the form a * bY is the
initial emission rate (at zero mileage), and the coefficient
-28-
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Chapter T~ Light-duty Crocks
of the second term is the deter iorat icr. in gm/finut0 per
year, Y is the cumulative mileage divided by 10,000 miles.
600.1j:Ji5QO Ib.. lJ.ucks._ Similarly, the emission rates
for this category can be calculated from the initial
emission rates and deterioration rates in ^able ZT-^b.
J- CranJscaje arid Jvajsorative Emission Fact or s_. For a
discussion of this topic, refer to Section K in Chapter I.
"'able IT-q identifies crankcase and evaporative hydrocarbon
emission factors by model year.
_7C_
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Chapter III
5ASQLINE^PO_WERIE 1EAVY-DOT.Y TPOCKS
a« Illlioduction.. This vehicle category consists of trucks
and buses having gross vehicle Heights (GVW) of over 8500
pounds and which are powered by gasoline-fueled, spark-
ignited internal combustion engines.
EPA test programs for determining in-use heavy-duty
vehicle (HDV) emission factors use both the heavy-duty
Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and an actual urban road test,
the San Antonio Eoad Poute (SAB?). The SA?B is run under
the following conditions:
1. Ambient temperature = "J5°'S
2. Absolute humidity = ~>5 grains
3. Average speed = 20 irph
4. Average stabilized operation = 100%
5. Average operating weight = ''"'K-20K pounds for gas,
UOK-50K pounds for diesel.
6. Average weight/CTD = U7-5U for gas, 5*7-6"? for
diesel.
"7. All testing performed in one low-altitude city.
9. Vehicles receive typical in-use maintenance.
9. No I/M program in effect.
The FTP is run at a series of steady-state engine
speeds and loads with a ho4- start and a hot stabilized
phase. Since emissions from these tests are net equivalent
to on-the-road emissions, regression eguaticns were
developed sc that on-the-road emissions (SAPF) could be
predicted.
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Chapter III H<=avy-duty Gas '"rucks
""he Sat Antonio Foad ^oute (^AP13) located in San
Antonio, ""exas, is 7,24 miles Icnq and includes freeway,
arterial, and local/collector hiqhway segments. A constant
volume sampler is carried en board each of the test vehicles
for collection cf a proportional part of the exhaust gas
from the vehicle. This sample is later analyzed to yield
mass emission rates. Because the cAr~ is dii actual road
route, the average speed varies depending en traffic
conditions at the time of the test. ""he average speed tends
to be around 20 mi/hr, with about ?OK of the time spent at
idle. The test procedure enissicn factor is composed
entirely of warmed-up vehicle operation. Eased on
preliminary analysis of vehicle operation data, almost all
heavy-duty vehicle operation is under warmed-up ccnditicns.
At this time, it is net known whether th° SA?0
accurately represents average urban HDV driving patterns.
Preliminary analysis of Los Angeles urban truck operation
data indicates an average speed of around 26 rcph, 6 mph
higher than the SAP? average speed. Data from ether sites
have not been analyzed. mhe read route does have similar
characteristics to the representative light-drty driving
schedule with respect to average road speed and percent time
at idle. Siiice traffic is likely tc bc the major constraint
within the urban environment, it is not surprising that the
truck and car schedules are similar. However, the SAP? (and
the current IDV FTP) makes no attempt to account for the
time that trucks spend idling as a result of deliveries,
special operations (buses, garbage trucks), auxiliary power
equipment, etc.
-"31 -
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Chapter III Heavy-duty Gas mrucks
'"hus, it is possible that the final HD cycle that is
developed it future rulemaking will have a higher idle
percentage and a lower average speed than the SAP?, ^ince
the operational data have not yet teen completely analyzed
and trucks have not been tested on transient cycles
developed from the operational data, the tabled emission
factor estimates are based on the SAP? driving schedule.
Data were assembled from twc major sources:
•*. """he emission factors contracts involving testing of
35 gasoline and ten diesel in-use heavy-duty trucks
by chassis dynamometer versions of the Federal Test
Procedure (FTP) as well as over the San Antonio Poad
Poute (SAPB) .
2. The emission factors (sensitivity study) of "8
gasoline and 12 diesel in-use heavy-duty trucks.
These vehicles were also tested by chassis versions
of the FTP and over various experimental sequences
(both steady state and transient cycles). SA'P
estimates were obtained by using linear regressions
based on data source *.
Other ir-use heavy-duty vehicle and engine data which
are available were not incorporated because they were either
not sampled using current testing methodology (e.g.,
gasoline 9-mcde concentration data which are net directly
convertible to mass emissions) cr were collected on
potentially non-representative engines (e.g., engines with
experimental emission contrcl modifications).
The tabled emission values are based on all available
mass emissions data measured over the F^F and converted to
SAPP; estimates by using regression equations.
-32-
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Chapter III Heavy-duty Gas Trucks
B. Composite Exhaust Emiss_io_n l5uation._ "he composite
exhaust emission factor for gasoline-powered HEVs is given
by:
Inpsoq = SUM ( Cipn*Min*Vips*Pipnog )
where all lower case letters are subscripts and:
SDM( ) = summation over model year (i), frcm the
calendar year for which emission factors
are being calculated (i=n) to the calendar
year ^9 years previous (i=n-''9).
Enpscq = Composite emission factor in gm/rni for
calendar year n, pollutant p, average
speed s, truck weight of and weight/power
ratio g.
Cipn = The Federal Test Procedure mean emission
factor for the ith model year KEG vehicle
in calendar year n, and for pollutant p.
Min = The fraction of annual travel by the ith
model year HDG during calendar year n.
Vips = the speed correction factor for the ith
model year HDG vehicles, for pollutant p
and average speed s.
Pipncg = the truck characteristic correction factor
for the ith model year HDG vehicles for
pollutant p, calendar year n, truck weight
o, and weight/power ratio g.
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Chapter TTT Heavy-du+y Gas "rucks
c- 2oliu^a.nt emission factors f_or HDG^ ""able ~~~-*
includes the zero-mileage emission rates and the
deterioratior. rates (per 10,000 oriles) used to generate the
emission factors given in Cables III-'" through ITT-U.
""able TTT-5a presents the average cumulative nsileages for
HDG trucks by age, on July 1. The numbers in this table are
derived from the mileages presented in '"able TTT-5, using
the methodology presented in Appendix G.
D. ZL§y.£l i^isiliUS ZSSiJsIi ^^e nationwide fraction of
gasoline-powered, HDV annual travel by model year is shown
in ""able TTI-5. Localized data, if available, should b°
substituted when calculating the variable win for a specific
area under study.
3 Correction factor for HEG_. Tr part because the
SAP? may net te representative cf an average national
driving schedule and in part because a need may exist to
determine emissions over localized driving conditions which
differ siqnificantly from the average national driving
schedules, a correction factor has been developed for
average speed. The speed correction factors can te applied
between 5 and 55 mph.
As in previous editions of AP-U7, the speed correction
factors for hydrocarbons and carton monoxide are ccnputed by
Vips = exp(A * E*S + c*S*c)
where e is the base of the natural logarithms (?.^*Q),
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Chapter in Heavy-duty Gas "rucks
S is the speed, and A, B, and C are coefficients whoso
values for various model years are given in Table I'T-6.
~"he speed correction factor for KOx is given ty:
Vips = A + E*?
with A and E values also given in ""able III-6.
F. .Iruck Characteristic Correction Factor _for j-DG«.
Adjustment factors also have teen developed for heavy-du*y
vehicle weight and the weight/power ratic. ("he
surveillance data samples used to generate these correction
factors atteirpt to represent the national distribution of
vehicles and therefore represent the rational average weight
and weight/power values. However, the sample sizes are
small. National averages are difficult to deteririre -inc^
they involve a knowledge of actual truck operating
weight--not registered weight--and engine displacement.
Although the Department of ""ranspcrtaticn perfcrtrs weight
surveys, cubic inch displacement (CTD) information has not
been recorded.
^ince the basic heavy-duty vehicle emission factor
assumes that the trucks are at half load, this correction
factor has been designed to adjust for empty trucks cr fully
loaded trucks. The weight and weight/CTE correction factor
was developed for weights ranging from ^OOO to n9000 pounds
and a CID of 330 to 390 for gasoline-powered vehicles.
Correction factors for vehicles teyond these ranges should
not te computed unless an engineering evaluation indicates
-------
Chapter ITT Heavy-duty Gas Trucks
that the font of the equation is appropriate.
""he truck characteristic correction factor is computed
from the fcllowinq equation:
Pipnoq = bO + b^ (WV000) + b? (WT/CTD)
where:
W"1 = vehicle weiqht
CTD = enqine's cubic inch displacement
bO, b1, and b2 are coefficients qiven in '"able TTT-9.
When HDV weiqht and power information is not available
(as usually will be the case), this correction factor value
should be set equal to one.
G- Iiii§ Emission Factors for HEG_. Estimates of qasoline-
powered, heavy-duty vehicle idle emission rates for HC, CO,
and NOx can be calculated from the information in "able
H« Crankcase and Evaj>orati.ye Emission lactors.. Hydrocarbon
evaporative and crankcase emission rates are qiven in ^able
TTT-8. The KDV evaporative emission rate was determined by
assuminq that HDVs travel an averaqe of 10.Q trips per day
and accumulate an averaqe of 6?«6 miles per day.
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Chapter IV
D VEHICLES
^he discussion cf heavy-duty, gasoline-
powered vehicles in Chapter III is generally applicable to
diesel-powered Heavy-duty vehicles.
As in Chapter III, the eguaticn for calculating the
composite emission factor is given ty:
Inpsoq = SUM ( Cipn*Min*Vi ps*Pipnoq )
B. Pollutant Emission I§ctorj for HDD_. The first year
emission rates and deterioration rates (per ''OjCOO adles)
used to generate the tabled emission factors are given in
"able IV-1.
The mean emission factors for diesel-powered heavy-duty
vehicles are given in Tables IV-2 through IV-4.
Table IV-5a presents the average cumulative mileages
for HDD vehicles by age, on July *"« The numbers in this
table are derived from the mileages presented in Table IV-5,
using the methodology presented in Appendix G.
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Chapter IV Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles
c« Weighting Factors for HDD.. The discussion of the
weighting factor in Chapter III is applicable tc diesel-
powered HDVs as well as to gasoline-powered HEVs. "able
IV-5 gives the fraction of annual travel by vehicle age for
diesel-powered HDVs.
D« SjDeed Correlation Factor for H.E.E.. Table IV-6 gives the
three coefficients needed to compute the speed correction
factors for diesel-powered, heavy-duty vehicles. The
correction factor can be applied between 5 and 55 nph.
Characteristic Factor for HDD., As discussed in
Chapter III, a correction factor has been developed to
account for heavy-duty vehicle weight and pcwer. This
correction factor is applicable to diesel-powered HDVs from
^9,000 to 55,000 pounds with engines ranging frcro 540 cubic
inch displacement to 600 CIC. This correction factor has
been designed so as to adjust the tabled exhaust emission
factors (assumed to be at half lead) for empty trucks or for
fully loaded trucks. Table IV-6 gives the coefficients
needed to compute the truck characteristic correction
factor.
When weight and power information is not available, the
correction factor value should be set equal to cne.
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Chapter IV Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles
?. Id.le Iffiission Factors for JJED,. ^he idle emission rates
for diesel-pcwered HDVs are given in Table IV-"7. ^he idle
deterioration rates are assumed tc be zero for all model
years.
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Chapr.er V
IMO^OFCYCIES
A« Introduction., Motorcycles, which are net generally
considered an important, source of air pollution, have become
more popular, and their numbers have been steadily
increasing in the last few years. The majority of
motorcycles are powered by either 2- or U-stroke air-cooled
engines; however, water-cooled motorcycles and wankel-
powered motorcycles have recently been introduced. Until
recently, the predominant use of U-stroke motorcycles was
for on-high*ay use, while the 2-strcke motorcycles were
predominantly for off-hiqhway use. '''his difference in use
was primarily a reflection cf significant weight and power
variations between available 2- and U-stroke vehicles. As
light-weight 4-strokes and more powerful 2-strckes become
available, the relative number cf motorcycles in each engine
category may change. Currently, the nationwide population
of motorcycles is approximately U°% 2-strcke and 5"%
4-stroke. Although separate emission rates previously were
given for 2-stroke and <4-strcke engines, the emission rates
given here are composites cf six different categories of
motorcycles (small, medium, and larqe engines fcr 2-stroke
and for ^-stroke).
-40-
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Chapter V Motorcycles
B« Composite JLxhaust Emis^sioji Equation., mhe composite
exhaust emission factor for motorcycles is calculated using:
Enpstwx = SDM( Cipn*Min*Bipstwx )
where all lower case letters are subscripts and:
SUM( ) = summation over model year (i) , from the
calendar year for which emission factors
are being calculated (i=n) to the calendar
year 19 years previous (i=n-l9).
Enpstwx = Composite emission factor in gm/mi for
calendar year nf pollutant p, average
speed s, ambient temperature tr fraction
cold operation w, and fraction hot start
operation x.
Cipn = The FTP P975 Federal Test Procedure) mean
emission factor for the ith model year
motorcycles during calendar year n, and
for pollutant p.
Win = The fraction of annual travel by the ith
model year motorcycles during calendar
year n.
Pipstwx = The temperature, speed, and hot/cold
correction factor for the ith mcdel year
motorcycles for pollutant pf average speed
sf ambient temperature t, fraction cold
operation w, and fraction hot start
operation x.
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Chapter V Motorcycles
C. Pollutant §jnission factors for Sotorcycles^ Zero
mileage emission rates and deterioration rates are given in
Table V-1. The mean emission factors for motorcycles are
given in Tables V-2 through V-4. The emission factors are
assumed to represent the average emissions for July of that
calendar year. These factors are for the same F""P
conditions (temperature, speed, etc.) as are applicable to
light-duty vehicles (see discussion in Chapter I).
Table V-5a presents the average cumulative mileages for
motorcycles ty age, on July 1. The numbers in this table
are derived from the mileages presented in Table V-5, using
the methodology presented in Appendix G.
Weighting Factor,. The fraction cf annual
motorcycle travel by model year is shown in Table V-5.
E. Temperature-Speed-Hot/Cold Correction Factor.. This new
correction factor takes into account the ambient
temperature, hot/cold weighting, and vehicle speed. The
correction factor description in Chapter I for light-duty
vehicles is equally applicable to motorcycles. Pre-1968 LDV
factors are applicable to pre-19"78 motorcycles, while
1973-714 LDV factors are applicable to 19"8 and later model
year motorcycles.
-42-
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Chapter V tfctorcycles
F« Idle I§i§sion Factor^.. Motorcycle idle emission rates
are qiven in Table V-7.
G« Evaporative Iaissi.cn factors^ The motorcycle
hydrocarbon evaporative emission rates were determined by
assuming that motorcycles travel 3.2 trips/day and have an
average mileage of 5.2 miles per urban trip. The rumber of
trips per day and mileage per urban trip were taken from the
1?^U Gallup Motorcycle Survey.
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TUPLE 1-1
EXHAUST EWISSIOK BATES
LIGHT-PUTT VEHICLES
FOR ALL AREAS EICEPT CALIFO&filA AMB KIGH-ftLTIT0DE
i A iGR/RJlEl
POLLUTANT
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
MGX
HQx
IDs
10*
H IEW fEHlCLE
HODEi fEAE ii EHJSSIOi RATE
| „ - „ „, -, _ ~ «
1!
PRE-1968 H iJ.aS
1968-197a
1975-1979
1980 +
PRE-1968
1968-1971
1975-1979
1980
198 !*
pi£-me
1968-1972
1973-1974
1975-1976
f 2.43
i 1.T3
1 0,13
i
f 68,30
j 3 1 . 1«J
18.60
3,00
t,«40
3.58
«».«3
2.98
1 2.42
BOx i 1977-1980 H 1.^0
JlOx r 1981* M 0.29
— - „ f __ .. .. „_ «l_ ._
I
1
I
1
\
I
i
I
i
t
I
S
1
I
I
B ^GH/HILEj
DETEB10BATIOW RATE
(PER 10,000 RILES)
0.58
0.53
0.23
0,23
3.06
6.15
2.80
2.30
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.16
0.22
The Exhaust Enission Factor is calculated from
the linear equation f = a « bT, «h*re € is the
exhaust ewissioss factor for a vehicle with
cuBulatJve nileago ff, a and b ate the factors
listed in the above table, and f = H/10000.
-------
TABLE 1-2
HID-1EAR EXHAUST KBISS10M FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
HIDKOCARBOHS (GB/HIJ
FOR ALL REG10WS EXCEPT CALJFGRRIA A»D HIGH-ALTITUDE
I RODEL
|f£AR
I
f1952|
|1953|
|1955|
I 1956 I
J 1957}
I1958J
|1959!
(1960|
1 196 If
119621
|!963!
119641
§19651
{ 1966 !
| 19671
(19661
! 19fc9j
(19701
1 1971|
1 1972|
J1973I
§ 1974J
|1975|
|1976|
|1977|
|1978j
|1979 I
$1980|
|1981J
| 1983|
i1984|
1 19851
119861
|1987|
1 1988|
| 1989|
f 1990|
1
11970
14,2
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
10.4
9,9
9.3
8.7
8.0
7.2
4.3
3.5
2.7
1971
14.2
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
10.4
9.9
9.3
8.7
8.0
5.0
1.3
3.5
2.7
1972
14.2
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
10. 4
9.9
9.3
8.7
5.7
5.0
1.3
3.5
2.7
1973
14 Jo
13.7
13^1
12 ,,8
12, .5
12.1
11.7
11.3
HO .9
lo^u
9.9
9.3
6, .3
5.7
5.0
4 .3
3, 5
2.7
CALEXDAR YEAR - July 1
1974 1975 1976 1977
14.2
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
10.4
9.9
6.9
6.3
5.7
5.0
«*.3
3.5
2.7
14.2
13^7
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
10.4
7.4
6B9
6.3
5.7
5.0
4.3
3.5
1.3
14.2
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
7.9
7. ft
6.9
6.3
5.7
5.0
*.3
1.6
1.3
i
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
8.3
7.9
7.4
6.9
6.3
5.7
5.0
1.9
1,6
1.3
1978
14.2
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.4
6.9
6.3
5.7
2.2
1.9
1.6
1.3
1979
14.2
14,0
13.7
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
9.1
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.4
6.9
6.3
2.5
2.2
1.9
1.6
1.3
1980
14.2
14.0
13..7
13, 4
13S1
12.8
12.5
9.4
9.1
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.4
6.9
2.8
2.5
2.2
1.9
1.6
0.3
1981
14.2
14.0
13.7
13,4
13.1
12.8
9.8
9.4
9.1
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.4
3.1
2.8
2.5
2.2
1.9
0.6
0.3
!
«£R1SSX01I FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH RODEL TIAE 1975 AND THROUGH
CJslFSDAB IE*R 1975 ABE BASED 01 ACTUAL TESTS OF IM-DSE VEHICLES.
POSf-1975 CALKSDAR TEAS EHISSIOW FACTORS FOB ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED,
-------
TA8LB 1-2 (FOR CALEIDAS YEABS 1982-1993)
HID-YEAB EXHAUST EKISS10S FACTOKS FOB LIGHT-DOTY ¥EHICLES
HYDBOCARBOHS (GH/BI)
FOB ALl REGIOIS EICEPT CILIFOBHIA AID HIGH-AITXTC0E
|HOD£Lj
IYEAE t
— i _
11963!
I 196 «|
Ii965i
119661
|1967|
| 1968|
| 1969J
I 1970|
|1971|
|1972|
|1973f
I 1974|
I 1975J
I 19761
|1977|
|1978|
I 1979J
| 19801
|1981|
I 19821
119631
f 198«|
§19851
|1986|
1 1987|
1 1988|
| 1989|
| 1990 1
I 1991|
I 19921
I1993J
1982
11.2
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
10.1
9.8
9.4
9.1
8.7
8.3
7.9
3.3
3.1
2.8
2.5
2.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
1983
14.2
1U.O
13.7
13.«
10. «
10.1
9.8
9.1
9.1
8.7
8.3
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.8
2.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
1984
m«^
m.o
13.7
10.6
10.4
10.1
9.8
9.4
9.1
8.7
3.7
3.S
3.3
3.1
2.8
1.5
102
0.9
Q«6
0.3
1985
1H .2
U.O
10.9
'10.6
10.1
10.1
9.8
9.1
9.1
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
C11EMDAB IEAH - Jaly 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
1U. 2
11.1
10.9
10.6
10. «
10.1
9.8
9.U
4.0
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.3
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
11.«
11.1
10.9
10.6
10. %
10.1
9.8
1.2
ft.O
3.9
3.7
3.5
2.3
2.1
»K8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0,3
1 1»*»
11.1
10.9
10.6
10. «
10,1
1.3
«U2
«.o
3.9
3.7
2.5
2.3
2.1
1.8
1,5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0C3
11.4
11.1
10.9
10.6
10. ft
».*
«.3
«»2
H.O
3.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
2,1
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0,3
1990
11.4
11.1
TO. 9
10,6
*«»6
ft.H
*s,J
«. 2
4.0
2B9
2.?
2.5
2,3
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.2
0e9
0.6
0*3
i9$i
If „*!
11.1
10.9
«»»7
«i.6
«».<*
*.3
ti.2
3.0
2.9
2K7
2.5
2.3
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
1992
11.4
11.1
4.8
4.7
4.6
U.«l
4.3
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
1993
11.4
A. 9
4.8
*.7
H.fe
«t.tt
3*3 I
3»2 |
3.0 I
2.9 I
2.7
2*5
2.3
2,1
1.8
1.5
1,2
0.9
0.6
0.3
*EHISSIOI FACTOES FOB VEHICLES THROUGH BODE! YEAH 1975 AMD THROUGH
CAIEXDAR XEAB 1975 ABB BASED OM ACTUAL TESTS OF IB-USE VESICLES.
POST-1975 CALEIOAB YEAR ERISSIO* FACTORS FOB All VEHICLES ARE PBOJECTED,
-------
?Jl.B!,K J-3
HID-tEIR SXHAQST EHISSIO* FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DUTf VEHICLES
CARBOI HOIOXIDE (Ge/HI)
FOR ALL BE6IOMS EICEPT CJiLIFOillA AMD HIGH-A LTITUDE
JHODEll
JTEAR J1970 T971
S « 1 • * -.
I 195 1« 11 9. 9
|1952|M8.5 119,9
11953{117.1 118»5
|1951|115.6 117.1
|1955|111.0 115.6
119561112.1 111.0
|1957|110.6 112,1
J19581108.7 110.6
|1959| 106. 7 108,7
1 1960 | 10 1.7 106 . 7
|1961|102.1 101.7
|1962l 99.9 102***
f1963| 97.1 99.9
f1961| 91.0 97.1
|1965J 90.6 S1.0
11966J 87.0 90.6
|19&7| 83.0 87.0
|1968| 52.3 60.8
|1969| 13.2 52.3
|1976j 3Q,,8 *S3B2
11971? 31.8
|1972j
|1973f
f 197«|
1 1975J
J1976!
1 1977J
J1978f
| 1979f
(1980!
1 1981|
f 1962|
|1983f
I1981|
t 1986J
|1987|
1 19681
I 1969!
119901
1972 IS
119.9
118.5 119
117.1 118
115.6 117
1T1.0 115
112. ft 11$
110.6 112
108.7 110
106.7 108
101.7 106
102.1 101
99,9 102
97B1 99
91.0 97
90,6 91
68.7 76
60^8 68
52,3 60
Q3.2 52
3ft. e 43
14
73
.9
.5
.1
.6
.1
.6
,7
.7
.7
^
.9
.1
.0
.0
.7
.8
, 3
.2
,8
CftlENDftB YEAB - Jul| 1
1971 197S 1976 1977
119.9
117*1
115.6
111.0
112,»J
110.6
108 S7
106W7
10« S7
102«,*l
99,9
97.1
82.8
76.0
68,7
60,8
S2,3
w 3.2
31.8
i
1
1
i
119.91
118.5?
117. 1 5
115. M
111. Of
112. It
110.6?
108.71
106.7|
10 1.7J
10?. 1 f
99,,9f
89. Oj
j 2.8 {
76,0}
&B.7J
60.81
52. 3 i
13.2 j
20.31
;
t
1
119
tie
117
115
11*)
112
'' ,0
108
106
101
102
91
89
8?
76
fe8
60
S2
21
20
.9
.5
.1
.6
t ^
.1
.6
.7
07
.7
.*
,7
.0
.8
.0
.7
.b
.3
.1
.3
11 f .9
118.5
17.1
115.6
111.0
112*1
110.6
108.7
106.7
101.7
99.8
91.7
85.0
32.8
76.0
68.7
60.8
28.2
21, 1
20.3
1978
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
111.0
112.1
T10.6
108.7
106.7
W1.3
99.8
9*4 .7
B9..0
§2 «,8
76.0
68.7
32.1
28.2
21. 1
20 .,3
1979
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
111.0
112.1
110.6
108.7
108.1
101.3
99.8
9*«7
89.0
82.8
76.0
35*7
32.1
28.2
21.1
20.3
1980
119.9
118.5
117.1
11S.6
111.0
112.1
110.6
112.1
108.1
101.3
99.8
91.7
89.0
82.8
39.0
35.7
32.1
28.2
21.1
1.1
1981
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
111.0
112.1
116.2
112.1
108.1
101.3
99.8
91.7
89.0
12.1
39.0
35.7
32.1
28.2
7.5
2.6
*EBISSI01T FiCfOES FOR ¥EH3CIES THROUGH flODEi IE*B 1S75 »«D THROUGH
C»I,«D1» IOR 1975 ABE BASED 01 ACTUAL TESTS OF Il-OSE VEHICLES.
POST-197S CILEIDAB fBAK 1HISSIOI FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ABE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE 1-3 (FOB CALENDAR TEARS 1982-1993)
BID-YEAR EIHlOSf EHISSIOK FACTOBS FOB LIGHT-DOT! VEHICLES
CASED* ROBOXIDE (GR/RI)
FOE ILL REGIONS BICEPT CALIFORNIA AND HIGH-ALTITUDE
BOfcEL
YEAR
196 3 f
1964}
19fe5f
1966f
1967J
1968|
1969|
19?0|
1971|
1972f
11913!
i 197« j
j 19751
119761
19771
1978J
1979f
19861
19811
1982S
1963S
198«f
1985|
19861
1987J
1988J
1989|
199 OJ
199 1 1
1992}
1993J
1
{1982
119.9
118. S
117.1
115.6
114.0
119.7
116.2
112. 4
108,4
164.3
99.8
94.7
4S.O
42.1
39.0
35.7
32. 1
10.9
5.3
2,6
1983
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
123.1
119.7
116.2
112.4
108,*
104.3
99.8
47.5
45.0
42.1
39,0
35.7
14.1
8.3
5.3
2.6
1984
119.9
118.5
117.1
126.2
123.1
119.7
116.2
112. *
108,4
109.3
49.8
47.5
45.0
42.1
39.0
17.0
11.0
8.3
5.3
2.6
1985
119.9
118.5
129.2
126.2
123.1
119.7
116.2
112.4
108.4
51.9
49.8
47.5
45.0
42.1
19.8
13.6
11.0
8.3
5.3
2.6
CALENDAR YEAR - July 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
119.9
132.1
129.2
126.2
123.1
119.7
116.2
112.4
53.8
51.9
49.8
47.5
45.0
22.3
16.0
13.6
11.0
8.3
5,3
2.6
134.8
132.1
129.2
126.2
123.1
119.7
116.2
55.6
53.8
51.9
49.8
47.5
24.6
18.2
16.0
13.6
n.o
a. 3
5.3
2.6
134.8
132. 1
129.2
126.2
123.1
119.7
57.3
55.6
53.8
51.9
49.8
26.8
20.2
18.2
16.0
13.6
11.0
8.3
5.3
2.6
134.8
132.1
129.2
126.2
123.1
58.9
57.3
55.6
53.8
51.9
28.7
22.1
20.2
18.2
16.0
13.6
11.0
8.3
5.3
2.6
1990
134.8
132.1
129.2
126.2
60.4
58.9
57.3
55.6
53.8
30.4
23a7
22,1
20.2
18.2
16,0
13.6
11.0
8.3
5.3
2.6
1991
134.8
132.1
129.2
61.9
60.4
58.9
57.3
55.6
31.9
25.2
23.7
22.1
20.2
18.2
16.0
13.6
11.0
8.3
5.3
2.6
1992
134,8
132.1
63.3
61.9
60.4
58.9
57.3
33.4
26B5
25.2
23.7
22.1
20.2
18.2
16.0
13.6
11.0
8.3
5.3
2.6
1993
134.8
64.5
63.3
61.9
60.4
58.9
34.8
27.8
26.5
25.2
23.7
22.1
20.2
18.2
16.0
13.6
11.0
8.3
5.3
2.6
*Ef!ISSIOI FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH HODEL TEAR 1975 AND THROUGH
CALENDAR YEAR 1975 ARE BASED OK ACTUAL TESTS OF IM-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR YEAR EMISSION FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE I-SJ
HID-TEAB EXHAUST EfllSSlOH FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DOT! VEHICLES
IlfSOGEi OXIDES (GH/HI)
FOB ALL BEGIOXS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA ABD HIGH-ALTITUDE
| KG DEL 1
ITEAB |1970
I1951J 3.6
| 19521 3.6
|1953f 3.6
| 1955| 3 .6
11956| 3.6
|1957f 3.6
1 1958 I 3.6
|1959| 3.6
! 19601 3.6
|1961f 3.6
11962! 3.6
ti OC. ~3 V ? £
lytJi j.b
|196«$| 3.6
| 1965{ 3,6
|1966| 3,6
119671 3.6
| 1968 | ft.1
|1969f «.«
|1970| *.«
1 197IJ
11973!
| 197tt f
|1975|
119761
|1977|
|1978|
| 1979|
|1980!
1 198 If
|1982|
|1983|
|1985|
| 1986|
|1987|
iiii
CALEMDAB TEAB - July 1
1971 1972 1973 197ft 1975 1976 1977
3.6
3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
3L. "3 t "J 41 ?£. 1 £*
»b J »b J « *> J«b Jtfb
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6 3,6 3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
ft.tt U.I >t. 4 ft. ft ft.ft
li ti fill All Bll il U
•«.«• •>•*» "*«"* * .*• •».*•
flft £li2 tttt Qti titt
ti& tic& &tt fti& dtt
3.0 3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
2.5
&
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3*
.*>
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
1 .4
*.«
M.«J
8l.it
Ufl
* "
3,0
3.0
2.6
2,5
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3c
.*»
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
it vi{
«*.*•
*l .$
*.«»
b It
*• •**
3.0
3.0
2.7
2.6
1.6
1978
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3t
v v
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
4 .1
U.14
*» «1
4
-------
TABLE 1-1 (FOB CALENDAR YEABS 7962-1993)
HID-IEAR EXHAUST EHISS10N FACTORS FOB LIGHf-DUTI VEHICLES
NITROGEN OXIDES (GH/HI)
FOR ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AND HIGH-ALTITUDE
(RODELI
IYEAR |
1 -
If9fe3{
| 1961!
|T965|
| 1966J
J19671
! 19681
|1969!
J1970J
J1971I
{1972J
(1973!
|1971!
119751
11976!
!1977(
Iff78|
119791
I1980J
|1981!
!1982|
!19831
(1981!
|1985|
(19861
(1987J
f 1988!
1 1989J
J 1990 {
11991!
| 19921
!1993|
1982
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.1
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.0
0.7
0.1
1983
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.2
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.3
1.0
0.7
0.1
1981
3.6
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.5
1.3
1.0
0.7
0.1
1985
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.2
3'.0
2.8
2.7
1.6
1.3
1.0
0.7
0.1
CALENDAR YEAR - July 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.8
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.0
0.7
0.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.0
0.7
0,1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.2
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.0
0.7
0.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.1
3.3
2.6
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.3
no
0.7
0,1
1990
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.1
2.7
2.6
2.1
2,1
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.0
0,7
0.1
1991
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.0
0.7
0,1
1992
3.0
3.0
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.0
0.7
0.1
1993
3.0
3.7
3.7
1.0
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.1
2.1
1»9
t.fe
1.3
1»0
0,?
0.1
«EBISSIOI FACTOBS FOB VEHICLES THROUGH HODEL YEAR 1975 AND THROUGH
CALENDAR IEAI 1975 ARE BASED ON ACTUAL TESTS OF IU-USE VEHICLES.
FSST-1975 CALENDAR YEAR EHISSIOI FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ABE PROJECTED,
-------
TABLE 1-5
TRAVEL HEIGHTIHG fACTOB CA1CULATIOM
L1GBT-DOTT ¥EHICLES
Vehicle
(a)
Practice
Total
(b)
Annual nileage
( (a) * (b)/SOB)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
0.075
0.107
0.107
0.106
0.100
0.092
0.085
0.077
0.066
0.052
0.039
0.027
0.018
0.01ft
0.009
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.001
15900
15000
IK 000
13100
12200
11300
10300
9
-------
TABLE I -5 A
*¥ESAGE eUffUMTIVE S1J.EAGE
Pf VFHTrLF AGE - Joly 1
A
-------
fIBLE 1-6
General For mala for Bipstwx
fhe general foceola for the speed-teBperatBre-hot/cold correction
factor, iipsiwau for IIGHT-DUTY VEHICiES is given by:
Bipstvx »
where
DENOR
* for multiplication and «xp for exponential function)
B&G1TEBB = v ^(eap (a-b*T) * c 4 d*A) * (v {2,£l)/v (2,26) )
8IC3TESH = x % ( e s f *&) * (« (g,s3>,
B*62TEIB = (1-»-x)*( b « ]'**)* (v(g
DEIOfl = (dC * d 1**)
« - fraction of total niles which are driven in cold start condition
x - fraction of total Kiles which are driven in hot start condition
f - ambient temperature (F)
ft - vehicle age ninas 1, in years
g - index foi aodel-fcar/itegion groups; see Table l-6a
s1,s2,s3 * average speeds (Biles/hour) for bags 1. 2, and 3
v{g»Ei) = bag-specific speed correction iactor; see Appendix B
where;
a»fc,c,d,e,f,h,j»d0r and dl are constant coefficients which are
functions of eodel-year group and pollutant, as follows:
1 I
HC| 1
HCj 2
BC| 3
HC J 1)
COf 1
CO J 2
C0| 3
COf «J
|M03I| 1
fHORj 2
|MOx| 3
I _l_ _
a
2.9310
2.9310
2««339
1.993«
S.6548
5.6548
-100.
-100!
t -100.
[„
b J c | d
J., f
~ i ~ ~" 1
,014779f ,673| e569
,OI4779f -2.41| .863
W023591| ,623| .301
.0222fe9f -.0321 .445
ft — ^
- - f
.0159S5) -im,?*?! 9.62
B015965|-33.89J 9.77
.028945f 1!.29| «».2«i
.0175221 -.20 | 6.99
0.0 | 1.14 § 0.0
000 1 1.16 i 0,0
0.0 I :i826 1 ,,335
0.C 1 J.C5 1 .318
* — i_
f e
4.75
2.43
1.11
.497
25^26
15.85
4.12
1.25
1.26
2.99
2.88
\
f | h
1
.393| 5.69
.555f 2.61
.284| 1.05
.3571 .243
5.76| 57.57
4.71J 35.90
2.34| 21.17
2.20| 3 .,96
o.o r o.si
OeO 1 0.80
\ ,184| 1.89
i l__ 1
j 1 dO f dl
1
.471| 5.671 .47
.597{ 2.801 .64
.270J 1.38| .28
.175f ,54f .28
i
7. 74|56.43I7. 59
6. 70|36. 40J6.79
3.13|23.70|3.14
2.121 6.9813.14
0.0 1 1.0 I 0.0
0.0 | 1.0 f 0.0
Il26| 2l«l6t 1 16
!„„ 1 1-
1
s
i
-
t
i
t
V
1
Eqn
1
2
3
*4
f
J
I
It
1
1
f
i
Csed for
.Toj UC and CO
Pre-1968
1968-1974
1975-1979
!;cst~ "179
Rodel
J
,
i
1
£
{
Tears
For
Pre-
»
*0»
1
1968-
1975
Post
-
..
9&8
1974
1976
1976
-------
TABLF I-6a
Specification of Speed Terns (Vg)
Used in the General Foreolas for Bipstwx
LIGHT-DOT* fEBICLES
FOB ALL AREAS EXCEPT CALIFOHIIA AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
Low-Altitude Pre-1968 Group 2
Low-Altitude 1969 Group 5
Low-Altitade 1970 Group fc
Low-Altitude 1971 Group 7
Low-Altitude 1972 Group t«s
Low-Altitade 1973-197H Group 17
Io»-iltitade 1975+ Group 16
-------
TABLE I-?
IDL t EHISSTOW SATES
LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
FOR JILL AREAS OCEPT CALIFOBUI* AKD HI6H-A1TITDDE
FOLL0TAMT
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
HO*
NOX
HOI
MOX
KOX
NOX
MODEL YEAR
PRE-1968
1968-197<*
1975-1979
I9BO-*
PRE-1968
1968-1971
1975-1979
1980
19BU
PR E -156 8
1968-1972
1973-197U
1975-1976
1977-1980
198 I*
1
i
i
1
1
1
{
J
f
1
f
i
1
i
I
1
1
1
5
i
L * IG?sZniK*l J
NEW VEHICLE
EBISSIOS BATE
__*..____
2.01
0.68
0.27
0.0^
16 ,ft2
12,73
S.$ J
0.88
0^*1
0.16
0,26
0. 16
0.3*
0.22
0»0«
f . _ -.„. _
L B jgH^Hmjti
DETEB10RAT10K RATE
{PER 10,000 BILES)
0.18
0.20
0.07
0.07
2.S5
2.92
0.fc3
f O.C7
i 0 . 'j*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.06
0.08
1
The Idle Emission Factor, is calculated from
the linear equation C = a * bT, where C is the
idle emission factor lor a vehicJe with
cumulative aijeage K, a and b are the factois
listed in the abo»e table, and I - «/10000.
-------
TABLE 1-8
Crankcase and Evaporative HC Emission Factors
UGHT-DOTI VEHICLES
FOR ALL AREAS EXCEPT CALIFOBNIA AND HIGH-ALTITUDE
Hodel_Iear Hydrocarbon Emissions (qa/mi)
Pre-1963 6.63
T963-1967 3.33
1968-1970 2.S3
1971-1977 1.76
1978-1979 0.60
1980+ 0.1S
-------
TABLE 1-9
ID? Loading Correction Factor
(Additional 500 Pounds, All Hod el leats)
The Loading Correction Factor* L(p) , is given by;
l(p) = u*(cf(p) - 1.0) * 1.0
where:
u * fraction of vehicles with additional load of 500 pounds
cf (p) » correction factor values selected fro* table below
L(p) * Loading Correction Factor
HC 1.06
CO 1.20
•Ox 1.03
-------
TftBLE 1-10
LDV Trailer Towing Correction Factor
The Trailer Towing Correction Factor, L (p), is given by:
Oipw = u«(cf(p) - 1.0) * 1.0
where:
a = fraction of vehicles towing a trailer (1000 pounds)
cf (p) = correction factor values selected fro» below
Uipw = Correction Factor adjusted for usage level
1. cf(p) correction factor values for pre-1975 Hodel Tears
(additional 1000 pounds)
Pollutant
HC 1.32
CO 2.15
HOx 1.16
B. cf(p) correction factor values for 1975 and later Hodel Tears
(additional 1000 pounds)
(P) =
w * (1-«)*c(p)
Pollu_tan£ «*j(El_ i>lEl_ £.£El_
BC 1.32 0.75 0.43
CO 2.15 1.55 0.39
MOx 1.16 1.26 0.92
and where w - fraction of total ¥HT in cold operation.
-------
TABLE II-1
EXHAUST EHISSIO* BATES
IIGHT-DOTf TRUCKS: BOTH WEIGHT CATEGORIES
FOR III AREAS EICEPT CALIFOBRIA AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
POILUTAIT
-
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
«Ox
BOx
•OX
ROx
VOX
NOx
• Ox
RODEL YEAR
piE-me
1968-1969
1970-19711
1975-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PBE-me
1968-1969
1970-19711
1975-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PRE-1968
1968-1969
1970-1972
1973-1974
1975-1978
1979-1989
1985*
IEW VEHICLE
Efi I SS IOH RATE
H.76
3.25
2.56
1.92
0.9*
0.31
70.38
42.08
31.48
23. 44
14.50
3.87
«.16
ft .90
1,59
3.56
3.62
1.73
O.<*1
DETEFJORATIOI BATE
(PER 10,000 RILES)
0.58
0.54
0.53
0.46
o.«n
0.23
3.06
5.«l ate the
listed in the ab»we table, «sn^ f - a/
-------
TABLE II-IA
EXHAUST EBISSIOB RATES
LIGHT-DUTY TBOCKS (0-6K
FOB ALi AREAS EXCEPT CALIFOBVIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
POLLOTAVT
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
• Ox
XOx
MOX
lOx
KOx
MOx
HOD EL YEAB
_
PBE-1968
1968-197*
1975-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PBE-1968
1968-197*
1975-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PB1-1968
1968-1972
1973-197*
1975-1978
1979-198*
1985*
•EN VEHICLE
ERISSIOH BATE
*.*5
2.*3
1.11
0.9*
0.31
68.30
31.1*
16.10
1*.50
3.87
3.58
*.*3
2.98
2.*5
1,73
O.*1
DETERIORATION BATE
(PEB 10,000 HILES)
„
— — . _«.____.. _—
0.58
0.53
O.*l
O.*l
0.23
3.06
6.15
5.3*
5.3*
2.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.22
The Exhaust Esission Factoc is calculated fcoa
the linear equation C = a * bl, where C is the
exhaust emission factor for a vehicle with
cumulative aileaqe n, a and b are the factors
listed in the above table, and Y = R/10000.
-------
TABLE II-1B
EIHAUST EHISSION RATES
LIGBT-D0TT TRUCKS (6-8.51 G?H)
FOB AH AREAS EICEPT CALIFORNIA AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
L A IGH/HILEI_I B
POLLOTAVT
HC
BG
RC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
•Ox
•OX
• OX
• OX
MODEL TEAR
PBE-1970
1970-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PIE- 1970
1970-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PRE-1970
1970-1978
1979-198*
1985*
•EN VEHICLE
EHISSIOR BATE
5.99
2.90
0.9ft
0.31
78.70
32.10
m.5o
3.87
6.H9
5.0*1
1.73
0.11
DETERIORATION BATE
(PEB 10,000 RILES}
— ~ — -.„_—.. — __.
0.58
0.53
0.41
0.23
3.06
6.15
5.3*
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.22
The Exhaust Emission Factor is calculated ftom
the linear equation C = a * bY, where C is the
exhaust enission factor for a vehicle with
cu»ulati»e aileage R, a and b are the factors
listed in the above table, and T - H/10000.
-------
TABLE II-2
HI0-TEAR EIHAOST EHISSIOM FACTORS FOB LIGHT-DOTI TRUCKS: BOTH WEIGHT CATEGORIES
HTDROCARBORS (GH/BI)
FOR ALL REGIOiS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
CALEUDAB YEAR - July 1
|f£AR
I
{ 195 If
|1952|
11953!
1 1951 1
1 1955|
|1956|
I 19571
t 1958f
f 1959J
|1960J
I19fcl|
|1962|
|19fc3f
j1961f
|1965|
|1966f
|1967|
1"S Q £L O 1
9 j* C* J> I
j1970f
f 197 1 |
|1972|
| 1973|
US71J
I197S1
i 197fc !
J1977|
|I978|
|1979|
| 1980|
| 1981J
|1982f
1 I963J
| 198$f
1 1985}
\ 1986 S
I t % "1 1
| 1i«"8 |
|1989|
|I%901
|1970
11.5
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.1
12.0
11.6
11.2
10.7
10.2
9.6
9.0
8.3
7.6
5.1
2l9
1971
11.5
11.2
11 .0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.1
12.0
11.6
11.2
10.7
10.2
9.6
9.0
8.3
5.9
5t
. i
2l9
1972
11.5
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.1
12.0
11.6
11.2
10.7
10.2
9.6
9.0
6.6
1.1
3.6
2.9
1973
"'<•' ,,,k~
IU. 2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.1
12.0
11.6
U.2
10.7
10.2
9.6
7.2
5.1
i.d
3.6
2.9
197ft
11.5
11.2
IU .0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.1
12.0
11.6
11.2
10.7
10.2
7.8
5.8
5.1
1.1
3.6
2.9
1975
11.5
1«. 2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.1
12.0
11.6
11.2
10.7
8.3
6.1
5.8
5.1
1.1
3.6
2.2
1
1976
1*
11.5
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.1
12.0
11.6
11.2
8.8
81
. J
7.0
6.1
5.8
5.1
1 .1
2.8
2.2
^
\
1
1977
11.5
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.1
12.0
11.6
9.2
8Q
.0
7.5
7.0
6.1
5.8
5.1
3.5
2.8
2.2
1978
11.5
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.1
12,0
97
» *
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.1
5.8
1.2
3.5
2.8
2.2
1979
11.5
11.2
1* .0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.1
10.0
9C
.D
S.I
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.1
1.7
1.2
3.5
2.8
1.2
1980
11.5
11.2
11.0
13.7
13. ft
13.1
12.7
10. *
in n
IU .U
8.8
8.1
8.0
7.5
7.0
5.3
1.7
1.2
3.5
1.7
1.2
1981 f
11.5
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
10.7
Trt ft
IU .1
9.2
8.8
8.M
8.0
7.5
5.8
5.3 §
1.7 I
1.2
2.1
1.7
1.2
«£f?ISS!0! FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROOGH BOO SI, SEAR 1975 AID TH10HGB
OtOBIS 11X8 1975 AiE BASED 01 ACTUAL TESTS OF II-U5E fEHICLES.
POST-197S CALENDAR IEAR EHISSIOR FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-2 {FOB CALENDAR ¥EAES 1982-1993)
1ID-TIAF EXHAOST EBISSION FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DOT! TRUCKS: BOTH HEIGHT CATEGORIES
HfDROCAKBONS (GB/BI)
FOB Ail REGIONS EIC1PT CAL1FOBIIA *»!> MICH-1
(MODEL |
ITEAR |
1963|
1964|
1965|
1967|
1968|
1969|
1970 f
1971J
1972|
1973|
1974J
19751
1976|
1977J
1978|
1979|
1980|
1981|
1982 f
1983|
1984|
1985|
1986|
1987f
19881
1990J
1991J
1992|
1993|
1982
14.5
14.2
14.0
13.7
13.4
11.0
10.7
9.5
9.2
8.8
8.4
8.0
6.2
5.8
5.3
4.7
2.9
2.4
1.7
1.2
1983
11.5
14.2
T4.0
13.7
11.3
11.0
9.8
9.5
9.2
8.8
8.4
6.6
6.2
5.8
5.3
3.4
2.9
2.4
t.?
Q,1?
1984
14.5
14.2
14.0
11.6
11.3
10.1
9.8
9.5
9.2
8.8
7.0
6.6
6.2
5.8
3.9
3. H
2.9
2.4
0.8
0.4
1985
14.5
14.2
11.8
11.6
10.4
10.1
9.8
9.5
9.2
7.3
7.0
6.6
6.2
* .3
3.9
3H
» *
2.9
1.1
0.8
0.4
CALENDAR TEAR - July 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
11.5
12.1
11.8
10.7
10.4
10.1
9.8
9.5
7.7
7.3
7.0
6.6
1.7
4.3
3.9
3.4
1.*
1.1
0.8
0.4
12.3
12.1
11.0
10.7
10. a
10,1
9.8
8.0
7.7
7.3
7.0
5.1
4,7
4.3
3.9
1.7
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.1
12.3
11.2
11.0
10.7
10.4
10.1
8.2
8.0
7.7
7.3
5.4
5.1
4.7
1.3
2.0
1.7
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.4
11.2
11.0
10.7
10.4
8.5
8.2
8.0
7.7
5.7
5.4
5.1
4 .7
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.4
t.l
0.8
0*
• "
1990
11.4
11.2
n.o
10.7
8.8
8.5
8.2
8.0
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.1
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.1
Ofi
* 0
0.4
1991
11.4
11.2
11.0
9.0
8.8
8.5
8.2
6.3
6.0
5.7
5.4
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.4
0.8
0.4
1992
11.4
11.2
9.2
9.0
8.8
8.5
6.5
6.3
6.0
5.7
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.1
0.8
0.4
1993
11,4
9.4
9.2
9.0
8«8
6.8
6.5
6.3
6,0
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.4
1.1
0.8
0.4
*EBISSION FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH fiODEL TEAR 1975 AMD THROUGH
CALENDAR TEAR 1975 ARE BASED OM ACTUAL TESTS OF TK-OSE S
POST-1975 CALENDAR TEAR EBISSIOK 7ACYORS FOf A»i. VEHICLES
-------
tABLS II-Jl
KID-TCID EI««£TST EBISSIOi FACT0BS FOB LIGBT-DOTI TROCKS: BOTH WEIGHT CATEGORIES
CARBOi ROKOilDI (GP/J51J
FOR ALL SEGIOHS EICEPf CAUFOEill 110 »IGH-AifITODE
fHODEL
fTEftfi
!
| 19*5 «l j
} 1955 r
I 1956|
J1957J
f 1958J
J 1959 |
f 1960S
196 If
1962f
19631
19fcft f
1965f
1966J
I967|
§19681
| 1969}
1 1970{
t 197 1J
| 1372 |
|1!*73|
| 1%?* f
i »975|
i 1976|
1 19??!
| 1978 |
J 1979 J
S VjtJOl
1 1981|
| 1962|
I I9P3|
| T9M |
i 1985|
1 1 **?»€.!
' . ": b ,» J
I*"!
i
§1970
121,7
120. «
119.0
117.5
115,9
11Q.2
112.5
110.6
108.6
106.5
104.3
10 1.8
99.0
96.0
92.7
89.0
85.1
60.8
52.8
35.1
1971
121.7
120.4
1T9.0
117.5
115.9
114,2
112.5
110.6
108.6
106,5
104.3
101.8
99.0
96.0
92,7
89,0
68.3
60.8
43.5
35.1
1972
121.7
uslo
117«5
115.9
114.2
112.5
110,6
108.6
106.5
104.3
101.8
99.0
96«0
92.7
75a3
68.3
52.7
43B5
35.1
1973
121,,?
120.4
119.0
117.5
115.9
114.2
112.5
110.6
108.6
106.5
104.3
101.8
99.0
96.0
8 1.7
75.3
61.2
52.7
43.5
35,1
CALEBDAB TEAR - July 1
1974 1975 1976 1977
121.7
120.4
119aO
117.5
115.9
114.2
112.5
110.6
108.6
106.5
104.3
101.8
99.0
87.6
81.7
69,0
61.2
52.7
4 $.6
35.1
i*
S
1
1
1
121.7J
120.4| 121.7
119.01120.4
117.5|119.0
115.9|tl7.5
114.2|1T5^9
?12.5| 114.2
110.61112.5
108.6|110.6
106.5| 108.6
104. 3|106. 5
101.81 104.3
93.1} 98.0
87, 6j 93.1
76.21 82.8
69»0f 76.2
fe 1.2 | fe9.0
52.7| 61,2
43.6J 52,7
26a8| 34.6
| 26.8
1
f
i
i
s
j
i
i
i
s
1
f
121.7
120.4
119.0
117.5
115.9
114.2
112.5
110.6
108.6
106.5
102.5
98.0
68.9
82.8
76,2
69.0
61.2
43 .2
34.6
26.8
1978
121.7
120.4
119.0
117.5
115.9
114.2
112.5
110.6
108.6
106.5
102.5
94ffl4
88.9
82,8
76.2
69.0
51.0
43.2
34.6
26.8
1979
121.7
120.4
119.0
117.5
115.9
114.2
112.5
110.6
110.2
106.5
99.4
94.4
88.9
82.8
76.2
58.2
51.0
43.2
34.6
17.7
1980
121.7
120.4
119.0
117.5
115.9
114,2
112.5
113.7
110.2
104.0
99.4
94.4
88.9
02.8
64.8
58,2
51.0
43.2
25.0
17.7
1981
121.7
120.4
119.0
117.5
115.9
114.2
117.0
113.7
108.1
104,0
99*4
94.4
88.9
70,8 |
64.8 |
58.2 j
51.0 i
33,0 §
25,0 1
17.7 i
i
i
T-T?ISSIO« FICfOES FOB 7EBICLES THBOOC-H fSODEL 5EA8 1975 IMD TH8OUGH
CAliUDAR ¥IAI 1975 ABE BASED OS ACTBAi TESTS OF I1-US3E VEHICLES.
??>;•;?-1975 cmiSDAR 1EA» EMSSIOS FACTORS FOR hll VEHICLES SEE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-3 (FOB CALEBDAR YEARS 1982-1993)
KID-YEAR EXHAUST ERISSIOI FACTORS FOR LIGHT-OUT* TRUCKS: BOTH WEIGHT CATEGORIES
CARBOI HOBOXIDE (G PI/PI I)
FOR ALL REGIQBS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AID HIGH-ALTITBDE
nODEL
fEAR
19fe3|
1964J
1965|
tSfcfcj
1967J
19681
1969C
19701
1971J
1972J
1973[
1974|
J975J
197fc|
1977f
1978J
19791
196fl|
1981|
19621
19831
19641
1965|
1986)
19871
1988}
1989|
199Cf
1991|
1992|
1993|
1
|1982
121.7
120. ft
119.0
117.5
115.9
120.2
117.0
112.1
108.1
104.0
99. ft
94.4
76.3
70.8
6*1.8
58.2
40.3
33.0
25.0
17.7
T983
121.7
120. 4
119,0
117.5
123.1
120.2
1T5.9
112.1
108.1
103.9
99.4
81.3
76.3
70.8
64.8
47.1
£10.3
33.0
25.0
5.1
1984
121.7
120.4
119.0
125.9
123.1
119.5
115.9
112.1
108.1
103.9
85.9
81.3
76.3
70.8
53.2
47.1
40.3
33.0
7.8
5.1
1985
121.7
120.4
128.6
125.9
122.8
119.5
115.9
112.1
108.1
90.2
8S.9
81.3
76.3
58.9
53.2
47.1
40.3
10.8
7.8
S.I
CALEBDAR IEAB - July 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
121.7
131.1
128.6
126.0
122.8
119.5
115.9
112.1
94.1
90.2
85.9
81.3
64.0
58.9
53.2
47.1
13.5
10.8
7.8
5.1
133.5
131.1
129.0
126.0
122.8
119.5
115.9
97.8
94.1
90.2
85.9
68.8
64.0
58.9
53.2
16.1
13.5
10.8
7.8
5.1
133.5
131.8
129.0
126.0
122.8
119.5
101.3
97.8
94.1
90.2
73.1
68.8
64.0
58.9
18.4
16.1
13.5
10.8
7.8
5.1
134.5
131.8
129.0
125.9
122.8
104.6
101.3
97.8
94.1
77.0
73.1
68.8
64.0
20.5
18.4
16.1
13.5
10.8
7.8
5.1
1990
134.5
131.8
129.0
125.9
107. 7
104.6
101.3
97.8
80.7
77.0
73.1
68.8
22.4
20.5
18.4
16. 1
13.5
10.8
7.8
5. T
1991
134.5
131.8
129.0
110.6
107.7
104.6
101.3
84.2
80.7
77.0
73.1
24.2
22.4
20.5
18.4
16.1
13.5
10.8
7.8
5.1
1992
134.5
131.8
113.4
110.6
107.7
104.6
87.5
84.2
80.7
77.0
25.8
24.2
22,4
20.5
18.4
16.1
13.5
10.8
7.8
5.1
1
1993 I
§
134.5
116.1
113.4
110.6
107.7
90.6
87.5
84,2
80,7
27.3
25.8
24.2
22,4
20.5
18.4
16.1
13.5
10.8
7.8
S.I
*EI5ISSIOB FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH HODEL IEAB 1975 AID THROUGH
CALEBDAB TEA8 1975 ARE BASED OB ACTUAL TESTS OF in-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALEIDAR TEAR ERISSIOB FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
T1B1E II-H
W1D-TEAB EXMA0ST IBISSIOW FACTOBS FOB LIGHT-DOT! TBOCKS: BOTH WEIGHT CATEGORIES
IITBOGEV OXIDES (GB/BI)
FOF ALL BEGIONS EXCEPT CALIFOBIIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
1951f
1952|
1953|
195*1
1955|
1956|
1957|
1958|
1959J
1960|
1961}
19621
1963!
1961|
1965|
19661
19t7f
1968|
19691
1970|
197 If
19721
t Q 1 "1 I
1" / J f
f O "# £-. ft
I :? # D §
*8 *T8 "7 1 ft
S J f f> 1
1977|
i Q-) a i
I 7 / C i
1979J
198CI
198 1J
1982J
19831
198{
|1987|
| 19861
I 1989J
f 19901
1970
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1,2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
1971 1972
4.2
1.2 .2
1,2 .2
1.2 .2
1.2 .2
1.2 .2
1.2 .2
1.2 .2
1.2 1.2
1.2 1,2
1.2 1.2
1.2 H.2
1.2 1.2
1.2 1.2
1.2 1.2
4.2 4.2
4.9 4.9
4.9 4.9
4.6 4.6
1.6 4.6
1.6
1973
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.2
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.6
CALEIDAH YEAB - July 1
197« 1975 1976 1977
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.2
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.6
3.6
1*
I
I
t
1
ll2| 1
1.2| 1
1.2| 1
1.2| 1
1.2| 1
1.21 1
«.2| 1
1.2| 1
«.2f it
4.2f 1
1.2| 1
4.9| 1
4. 9J U
1.6| 1
4.61 H
1.6f «
3.6| 3
34, t t
,b 1 J
1
1
1
I
J
;
f
I
t
1
I
1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.9
.9
.6
.6
.6
.6
•*
1.2
1.2
1.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.2
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.6
3.6
3.6
1978
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.6
1,6
3.6
3.6
1979
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
H.2
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.6
3r
» D
3.6
3.6
1980
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1 «2
1.2
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.6
3f
»*>
3.6
3.6
1.9
1.8
1981
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
U.9
4.9
1S6
1,6
1.6
3C
,b
3.6
3.6
2.1
1.9
1.8
*E«1SSI01I FACTOBS FOB VEHICLES THBOOGH HODE1 JEAB 1975 AID fHHQUf:fc
CAIEMDAB YEAR 1975 ABE BASED Oil ACTUAL TESTS OF IK-USE fEHICLES*
POST-1975 CALEHDAB YEAB EHISSIOM FACTOBS FOB ALL VEHICLES JIBE PSOJECTS&.
-------
TABLE XI-1 (FOB CILEHDAB TEARS 1982-1^93)
SID-YEAR EIHAOST ERISSIOB FACTORS FOE ilGHT-DOTf ISBCKSt BOTH WEIGHT CATliSOBlES
IITEOGEB OXIDES (6H/RI)
F08 ALL REGIOIS EICEPT CALIFORBIA AMD HIGH-ftLTITUDE
ffiODELf
{TEAS |
I1963J
119611
I 19651
§19661
119671
|1968|
|1969|
§1970|
11972!
J 1973J
| 1971 j
§19751
|197fef
§19771
J197EI
| 1979|
&1980J
f 198 If
|19&2j
f 1983|
§19811
i* ei d c *
• -JF O ^ I
J1986J
I1987J
|1988I
|1989|
§1990{
§19911
|1992J
119931
1982
1.2
ll2
1^9
1.9
H.6
1.6
1.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.8
1983
tl'.2
1.2
1.2
0.9
1.9
1.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
2.1
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.8
198ft
1.2
1^9
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.6
3.6
3S6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
2.5
2aH
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.8
1985
1.2
.2
.9
.9
.6
.6
.6
3.6
3,6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
2.6
2.5
2 fit
« "
2.3
2.1
1.9
O.f»
CALEKDAR ££j
1986 198?
ft. 2
U.9
1.9
-------
TABLE 1I-2A
HID-TEAS EIHAUST ERISSIOR FACTORS FOB LIGHT-OUT! GAS TRUCKS < 6000 IBS.
HYDKOCARBOIS (GB/RI)
FOB ILL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORIIA AID HIGH-ALTITODE
fRODEL
|1FAH
— j-
119511
| 1S52|
|1953|
1 1951 1
I1955J
I«95fc§
119571
|1958 I
|1959f
|19(0|
|196 If
|1Sfc2j
J1963!
|196«|
11-9651
|1Sfe6|
119671
|196Sf
|1969|
|1970J
| 19711
J1S72I
|1973|
|19?«S j
|1975|
|t976|
|1977J
| 19/8|
|1979|
|1980f
|i9ei|
I 19621
f 1983|
! 1981 1
11985 I
f 1986f
§19871
| 1988|
|1989f
§19901
I
[1970
t«1.2
14.0
13«7
13. «*
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10*9
10. 1
9.9
9.3
8.7
8,0
7.2
1.3
3.5
2,7
1971
11.2
ia.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
10. «t
9.9
9.3
8.7
8.0
5.0
«.3
3.5
2.7
,
1972
U.2
W.O
13.7
13. <*
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
10. «
9.9
9.3
8.7
5.7
5.0
1.3
3.5
2.7
1973
W.2
1*.0
13.7
13. «
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
10.1
9.9
9.3
6.3
5.7
5.0
1.3
3.5
2.7
CALEIDAI TEAE - July 1
1971 1975 1976 1977
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
10.1
9.9
6.9
6.3
5.7
5.0
1.3
3.5
2.7
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
10.1
7.1
6.9
6.3
5.7
5.0
1.3
3.5
1.1
«
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
10.9
7.9
7.1
6.9
6.3
5.7
5.0
1.3
1.9
1.1
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.3
8.3
7.9
7.1
6.9
6.3
5.7
5.0
2.5
1.9
1.1
1978
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.7
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.1
6.9
6.3
5.7
3.1
2.5
1.9
1.1
1979
11.2
11.0
13.7
13. «
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.1
9.1
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.1
6.9
6.3
3.6
3.1
2.5
1.9
1.2
1980
11.2
11.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.8
12.5
9.1
9.1
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.1
6.9
1.1
3.6
3.1
2.5
1.7
1.2
1981
11.2
14.0
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.8
9.8
9.1
9.1
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.1
1.6
1.1
3.6
3.1
2.3
1.7
1.2
#EI!ISSIOI FACTORS FOB VEHICLES THROUGH RODEL TEAR 1975 AID THROUGH
CAL£«BAB IEAB 1975 ABE BASED 01 ACTUAL TESTS OF II-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALERDAB TEAR EHISSIOf FACTOBS FOB ALL VEHICLES ABE PBOJECTED.
-------
TABU 11-21 (FOR CALEKDAR YEARS 1982-1993}
BID-TEAR EXHAUST EHISSIOI FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DUTY GAS TRUCKS < 6000 IBS,
HYDSOCARBORS (GH/HI)
FOB ALL BEGJOHS EXCEPT CAIIF08IIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
IHODELf
HEAR t
11963J
1196*1
119651
|1966|
I 1967|
| 1968|
J1969I
I 1970f
|1971|
|1972|
J1973J
f 1974|
119751
1 19761
|1977|
119781
I1979|
11980J
f 19811
|1982|
119831
11984 [
I1985J
1 1986|
119871
{19881
ilOAQ 1
Itoy |
119901
11991|
|1992|
|1993|
1982
14.2
14.0
13.7
13.4
13. t
10.1
9.8
9.4
9.1
8.7
8.3
7.9
5.0
4.6
4.1
3.6
2.9
2.3
1.7
1.2
1983
U. 2
14.0
13.7
t3.4
10.4
10.1
9.8
9.4
9.1
8.7
8.3
5.3
5.0
4.6
4.1
3.4
2.9
2.3
1.7
0.4
1984
14.2
14.0
13.7
10.6
10.4
10.1
9.8
9.4
9.1
8.7
5.7
5.3
5.0
4.6
3.9
3.4
2.9
2.3
0.8
0.4
1985
14.2
14.0
10.9
10.6
10.4
10. t
9.8
9.4
9. 1
6.0
5.7
5.3
5.0
4.4
3.9
3.4
2.9
1.1
0.8
0.4
C&LEIDAR YEAR - July t
1986 1987 1988 1989
14.2
11.1
10.9
10.6
10.4
10.1
9.8
9.4
6.3
6.0
5.7
5.3
4.8
4.4
3.9
3.4
1.4
1.1
0.8
0.4
11.4
11.1
10.9
10.6
10.4
10.1
9.8
6.5
6.3
6.0
5.7
5.2
4.8
4.4
3.9
1.7
1.4
1.1
0.8
0.4
11.4
11.1
10.9
10.6
10.4
10.1
6.8
6.5
6.3
6.0
5.5
5.2
4.8
4.4
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.1
0.8
0.4
11.4
11.1
10.9
10.6
10.4
7.0
6.8
6.5
6.3
5.8
5.5
5.2
4.8
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.1
0.8
Ott
.*»
1990
11.4
11.1
10.9
10.6
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.5
6.1
5.8
5.5
5.2
2.5
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.1
On
.0
0.4
1991
11.4
11.1
10.9
7.4
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.4
6.1
5.8
5.5
2.7
2.5
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.4
0.8
0.4
1992
11.*
11.1
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.0
6.6
6.4
6.1
5.8
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.1
0.8
0.4
1993
11.4
?B8
7.6
J.H
7.2
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.1
3S0
2.9
2.7
2B5
2.2
2.0
1.4
1.1
Oe8
0.4
*EMISSIOB FACTORS FOB VEHICLES THROUGH HODEL YEAS 1975 AND THBOOGH
CALERDAR YEAR 1975 ARE BASED 01 ACTUAL TESTS OF IK-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALEIDAB YEAB E8ISSIOR FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ABE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-3A
BID-TEAR EIHAUST E1ISS10I FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DDTI GAS TRUCES < 6000 LBS.
CAIBOI HOROIIDE (GB/fllJ
FOB ALL REGIORS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
HOBJEl
TEAR
19Slf
1952|
1953|
19S«I|
19551
1956J
1957|
T958|
1959J
I960!
1961|
1962|
1963J
1964|
1965|
19661
1967|
f968f
1969f
19701
197Tf
I972|
19731
1974|
T975|
1S76I
1977J
19781
1979|
1980|
1981J
1982S
1983J
1984 t
1985r
»986|
1987|
19881
19891
19901
I
11970
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
114.0
112.4
110.6
108.7
106.7
104.7
102.4
99.9
97.1
94.0
90.6
87.0
83.0
52.3
43.2
34.8
1971
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
114.0
112.4
110.6
108.7
106.7
104.7
102.4
99.9
97.1
94.0
90.6
87.0
60.8
52.3
43.2
34.8
1972
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
114.0
112.4
110.6
108.7
106.7
104.7
102.4
99.9
97.1
94.0
90.6
68.7
60.8
52.3
43.2
34.8
1973
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
114.0
112.4
110.6
108.7
106.7
104.7
102.4
99.9
97.1
94.0
76.0
68.7
60.8
52.3
43.2
34.8
CALEIDAR TEAR - July t
1974 1975 1976 1977
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
114.0
112.4
110.6
108.7
106.7
104.7
102.4
99.9
97.1
82.8
76.0
68.7
60.8
52.3
43.2
34.8
1*
1
t
1
f
119.91
118.5|119.9
117.1|118.5
115.6|117.1
114.0|115.6
112.4| 114.0
110.6|112.4
108.7|110.6
106. 7f 108.7
104. 7f 106.7
102.4|104.7
99.9|102.4
89.0( 94.7
82.81 89.0
76.0| 82.8
68.7| 76.0
60.8| 68.7
52.31 60.8
43.2| 52.3
19.3J 26.6
1 19.3
1
1
t
1
I
1
1
1
t
1
1
1
1
1
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
114.0
112.4
110.6
108.7
106.7
104.7
99.8
94.7
89.0
82.8
76.0
68.7
60.8
34.5
26.6
19.3
1978
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
114,0
112.4
110.6
108.7
106.7
104.3
99.8
94.7
89.0
82.8
76.0
68.7
41.8
34.5
26.6
19.3
1979
119.9
118.5
117.1
115,6
114.0
112.4
110.6
108.7
108.4
104.3
99.8
94.7
89.0
82.8
76.0
48.7
41.8
34.5
26.6
17.7
1980
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
114.0
112.4
110.6
112.4
108.4
104.3
99.8
94.7
89.0
82.8
55.1
48.7
41.8
34.5
25.0
17.7
1981
119.9
118.5
117.1
115,6
114.0
112.4
116.2
112.4
108.4
104.3
99.8
94.7
89.0
61.0
55.1
48.7
4 1.8
32.9
25.0
17.7
*£HISSIOI FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH RODEL TEAR 1975 AID THIOOGH
CALENDAR TEAR 1975 ARE BASED 01 ACTUAL TESTS OF II-DSE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALEWDA8 TEAR EHISSIOW FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-3H (FOR CALEIDAB YEARS 1962-1993}
BID-YEAB EIHAUST ERISSIOM FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DOT! GAS TBUCKS < 6000 IBS.
CARBOM HOMOXIDE (GB/BIJ
FOB All BEG10MS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AMD BIGB-ALTITUDE
IHODEL
(TEAR
Ift
I
[1982
_ __|
|19fc3j 119.9
J1964| 118.5
|1965f 117.1
J*Oir£« 1 IS t t
J j O O a 1 I w M v
|1967|114.0
J1968J 119.7
f 1969f 116.2
I1970J 112.4
J1971J 108.4
1983
119.9
118.5
117.1
115.6
123.1
116^2
112,4
I1972J104.3 108««J
J1973J
|1974|
| 1975f
|1976|
|1977|
I1978J
| 1979|
| 1960|
f1961f
f 1982|
f 19831
1 1984 |
| 19851
|1986|
|1987|
|1988|
| 1989J
|1990|
| 199 1 |
|1992|
f 1993|
99.8
5*1.1
66. «
fc 1.0
55.1
48.7
40.2
32.9
25.0
17.7
104.3
99.8
T1.3
66.4
6 1.0
55.1
47.1
40.2
32.9
25.0
5.1
1984
119.9
118.5
117.1
126.2
123.1
119.7
116.2
112.4
108.4
104.3
75B7
71,3
66.4
61.0
53.5
47.1
40.2
32.9
7.8
5.1
1985
119.9
118.5
129.2
126.2
123.1
119.7
116.2
112.4
108.4
79.6
75.7
71.3
66.4
59.4
53.5
47.1
40.2
10.7
7.8
5.1
CALEIDAB TEAR ~ Julj 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
119.9
132.1
129.2
126.2
123.1
119.7
116.2
112.4
83.2
79.6
75.7
71.3
64.8
59.4
53.5
47.1
13.5
10.7
7.8
5.1
134.8
132.1
129.2
126.2
123.1
119.7
116.2
86.7
83.2
79.6
75.7
69.7
64.8
59.4
53.5
16.1
13.5
10.7
7.8
5.1
134.8
132.1
129.2
126.2
123. 1
119.7
89.9
86.7
83.2
79.6
74.1
69.7
64.8
59.4
18.5
16.1
13.5
10.7
7.8
5.1
134.8
132.1
129.2
126.2
123.1
93.0
89.9
86.7
83.2
78.0
74.1
69.7
64.8
20.7
18.5
16.1
t3.5
10.7
7.8
5.1
1990
134.8
132.1
129.2
126.2
95.9
93.0
89.9
86.7
61.6
78.0
74.1
69.7
22.7
20.7
18.5
16. 1
13.5
10.7
I, .8
5,, 1
1991
134.8
132.1
129.2
98.6
95.9
93.0
89.9
85.1
81.6
78.0
74.1
24.5
22.7
20.7
18.5
16.1
13.5
10.7
7.8
5. f
1992
134.8
132.1
101.3
98.6
95.9
93.0
68.3
85.1
81.6
78.0
26.2
24.5
22.7
20.7
18.5
16.1
13.5
10.7
7.8
5.1
1993
134.8
103.7
101.3
98.6
95.9
91.4
88.3
85.1
81.6
27.7
26.2
24.5
22.7
20.7
18.5
16,1
13.5
10.7
7.8
5.1
*£R1S5IOB FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH MODEL TEAR 1975 AID THROUGH
CA1ENDAR TEAR 1975 ABE BASED OR ACTUAL TESTS Of II-DSS fEBIClES.
POST-1975 CA1ERDAB TEAR EHISSIOR FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES IRE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-1A
FID-YEAR EXHAUST EHISSIOI FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DUTY GAS TRUCKS < 6000 LBS,
SITHOGEN OXIDES (GH/fll)
FOB ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AND HIGH-ALTITUDE
PODELl
YEAR |
195 1 1
19521
1953|
1951 |
1955J
1956|
1957J
19581
1959|
1960J
mi §
« 1
19fc2|
19f 3 {
1961 |
1966|
1967|
1968J
1969J
1970|
1971|
1972|
1973|
1971 1
1975|
1976J
1977J
197P|
1979f
1980J
196 1|
19821
1983|
19811
19851
1987j
19P8|
1989 J
1990(
1970
3.6
3,6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
34
.0
3.6
3.6
3.6
3£
»t>
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1971
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3f
.*>
3.6
3.6
3.6
3t
.0
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1972
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3r
.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3£
."
3.6
3.6
1.1
1,1
1.1
1.4
1.1
1973
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3*
WD
3.6
3.6
3.6
34,
« **
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
*.1
«l .1
1 .1
3.0
CALENDAR YEAR - July 1
1971 1975 1976 1977
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3r
WO
3.6
3.6
3.6
31
. fc
3.6
3.6
1 .1
1.1
1 .1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3r
. b
3.6
3.6
H.I
1.1
|| tl
£| ft
i!i
3.0
3.0
2.1
*
3.6
3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6
3.6 3.6
1.1 1.1
L It tl ti
M . M «f . »»
1.1 1 .1
1.1 1 .1
tl tl ll tl
•f * •« H . H
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
2.1 2.1
2.1 2.1
2.1
1978
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1979
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.8
1980
3i
.*>
3.6
3.6
3.6
3C
*t>
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1,1
1.1
3.0
3.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.8
1981
3.6
3.6
3.6
3t
.*>
3.6
3.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.8
*EF1SSIO» FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH rtODEL YEAR 1975 AHD THROUGH
CALFKDAR YEAR 1975 ARE BASED OH ACTUAL TESTS OF IH-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR YEAR EHISSIOK FACTOKS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-KA (FOR CALEHDAR YEARS 1982-1993)
FID-YEAR EXHAUST EBISSIO* FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DUTY GAS TRUCKS < 6000 LBS,
X1TROGEM OXIDES (GK/HI)
FOR ALL REGIOHS EXCEPT CALIFOBDIA AHD HIGH-ALT1TDDE
inocFLi
YEAR |
1963|
1964|
1965|
1966|
1967|
19fc8|
1969|
1970|
1971|
1972)
1973|
1974 J
1975|
1976|
1977|
1978f
1979|
1980 I
1981|
1982|
1983J
1984J
19B5|
T986J
1987f
T988r
1989J
1990|
1991|
1992J
1993|
1982
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.8
1983
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.8
198«l
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.8
1985
3.6
3.6
4.«
4. a
4.«
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.«
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.1
1.9
0.5
CALEWDAR YEAR - July 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
3.6
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.1
0.8
0.5
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
1.2
0.8
0.5
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.4
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.5
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
1990
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3. 1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
1991
4.4
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
1992
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.5
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
1993
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
*ERISSIOI FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH flODEL YEAR 1975 AMD THROUGH
CALENDAR YEAS 1975 ABE BASED ON ACTUAL TESTS OF IK-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALEMDAR YEAR EIUSSIOI FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ABE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-2B
PIP-YEAR EXHAUST EHISSION FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DUTY GAS TRUCKS 6001-8500 LBS,
HYDROCARBONS (GW/BI)
FOB ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AND HIGH-ALTITUDE
BOPEL
YEAR
1953|
195
-------
TABLE II-2B (FOB CALENDAR YEAFS 1982-1993)
IUE-YEAR EXHAUST EHISSIOU FACTORS FOF LIGHT-DUTY CIS TRUCKS 6001-6500 LBS,
HYDROCARBONS (Gfl/HI)
FOR ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AUD HIGH-ALIITUDE
IPOPFLI
fYEAF |
?9fc3f
19t1|
1965J
19fc6|
19fc7|
1968|
1969|
19701
1971J
1972J
19731
1971J
1975J
19761
1977J
1978|
1979J
1980|
19fc1|
19B2I
1963|
1961|
1965J
19861
1987f
19681
1989|
1990|
19911
19921
19931
1982
15.6
15.3
15.0
11.8
11.5
ia.1
13.8
9.7
9.1
9.0
8.6
8.2
7.7
7.2
6.7
6.1
2.9
2.1
1.7
1.2
1983
15.6
15.3
15.0
11.8
ii.s
11.1
10.0
9.7
9.14
9.0
8.6
8.2
7.7
7.2
6.7
3.1
2.9
2.1
1.7
0.1
198 H
15.6
IS. 3
15.0
11.8
1ft. 5
10.3
10.0
9.7
9.1
9.0
8.6
8.2
7.7
7.2
3.9
3.1
2.9
2.1
0.8
o.u
1985
15.6
15.3
T5.0
n.e
10.6
10.3
10.0
9.7
9.1
9.0
8.6
8.2
7.7
1.3
3.9
3.1
2.9
1.1
0.8
0.1
CALEH
T986
15.6
15.3
15.0
10.9
10.6
10.3
10.0
9.7
9.1
9.0
8.6
8.2
1.7
1.3
3.9
3.1
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.1
'
DAB YEAH - July 1
1987 1988 1969
15.6
15.3
11.2
10.9
10.6
10.3
10.0
9.7
9.1
9.0
8.6
5.0
1.7
1.3
3.9
1.7
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.1
15.6
11.1
11.2
10.9
10.6
10.3
10.0
9.7
9.1
9.0
5.3
5.0
1.7
1.3
2.0
1.7
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.1
11.6
11.1
11.2
10.9
10.6
10.3
10.0
9.7
9.1
5.6
5.3
5.0
1.7
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.1
1990
11.6
11.1
11.2
10.9
10.6
10.3
10.0
9.7
5.9
5.6
5.3
5.0
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.1
1991
11.6
11.1
11.2
10.9
10.6
10.3
10.0
6.2
5.9
5.6
5.3
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.7
t.1
1.1
0.8
0.1
1992
11.6
11.1
11.2
10.9
10.6
10.3
6.5
6.2
5.9
5.6
2.8
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.*
1993
11 .6
11.1
11.2
10.9
10.6
6.7
6.5
6.2
5.9
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.1
*EniSSlOM FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH fiODUL YEAR 1975 A»D THROUGH
CALENDAR YEAR 1975 ARE BASED OH ACTUAL TESTS OF Ii-OSE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR YEAH EBISSIOH FACTORS FOB ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE 11-3B
KID-YEAR EIHAOST EfllSSIOM FACTORS FOB LIGHT-DOTY GAS TBDCKS 6001-8500 LBS,
CARBON HOIOXIDE (GR/HI)
FOB ALL RECIOHS E1CEPT CALIFORM1A AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
(HODELf
(YEAR (1970
(1951(129.2
| 1952( 127.8
(1953( 126.4
(1954(124.9
(1955(123.3
(1956(121.7
(1957(119.9
(1958J 118.0
(1959(116.0
(1960(113.8
(1961(111.6
( 1962| 109.2
(1963| 106.6
(1964(103.8
|1965| 100.7
(1966J 97.3
|1967( 93.6
| 1968| 89.4
(1969| 84.7
| 1970| 36.0
( 1971|
(1972|
(1973(
|1974(
I1975J
(1976J
(1977(
| 1978J
f 1979(
( 1980|
( 1981|
f 1982(
( 1963(
| 1984|
| 1985|
I 1986|
(19871
(1988(
I 1989(
( 1990(
1971
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
1T9.9
118.0
116.0
113.8
111.6
109.2
106.6
103.8
100.7
97.3
93.6
89.4
44.5
36.0
1972
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
118.0
116.0
113.8
111.6
109.2
106.6
103.8
100.7
97.3
93.6
53.8
44.5
36.0
1973
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
118.0
116.0
113.8
111.6
109.2
106.6
103.8
100.7
97.3
62.3
53.8
44.5
36.0
CALEIDAR YEAR - July 1
1974 1975 1976 1977
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
118.0
116.0
113.8
111.6
109.2
106.6
103.8
100.7
69.8
62.3
53.8
44.5
36.0
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
118.0
116.0
113.8
111.6
109.2
106.6
103.8
76.6
69.8
62.3
53.8
44.5
36.0
«
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
118.0
116.0
113.8
111.6
109.2
106.6
82.8
76.6
69.8
62.3
53.8
44.5
36.0
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
118.0
116.0
113.8
111.6
109.2
88.4
82.8
76.6
69.8
62.3
53.8
44.5
36.0
1978
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
118.0
116.0
113.8
111.6
93.6
88.4
82.8
76.6
69.8
62.3
53.8
44.5
36.0
1979
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
118.0
116.0
113.8
98.5
93.6
88.4
82.8
76.6
69.8
62.3
53.8
44.5
17.6
1980
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
118.0
116.0
103.0
98.5
93.6
88.4
82.8
76.6
69.8
62.3
53.8
25.0
17.6
1981
129.2
127.8
126.4
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
118.0
107.3
103.0
98.5
93.6
88.4
82.8
76.6
69.8
62.3
33.1
25.0
17.6
*EBISSIOM FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH RODEL TEAB 1975 AMD THROUGH
CALEIDAR TEAR 1975 ARE BASED OM ACTUAL TESTS OF 1M-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALEMDAR TEAR EHISSIOM FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-3B (FO^ CftLEHDAR YEARS 1982-1993)
BID-TEAR EXHAUST EHISSIOI FACTORS FOR LIGHT-DUTT GAS TIOCKS 6001-8500 IBS,
CARBON 310HOXIDI (GW/HI)
FOR ALL REGIOMS EICEPT CALIFOHSIA AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
rtODEL
TEAR
1963J
1964J
196SJ
19661
1967f
1968|
1969»
t970|
1971J
1972J
19731
197*1 1
1975J
1976f
1977J
1978f
1979f
1980|
1981J
1982f
1983|
1984|
1985|
1986|
19871
19881
1989 J
1990(
1991J
1992J
1993|
1
11982
129.2
127.8
126. «
124.9
123.3
121.7
119.9
111.3
107.3
103.0
98.5
93.6
88. ft
82.8
76.6
69.8
40.5
33.1
25.0
17.6
1983
129.2
127.8
126. 4
124.9
123.3
121.7
115.2
111.3
107.3
103.0
98.5
93.6
88. <4
82.8
76.6
47.0
110.5
33.1
25.0
5.0
1984
129.2
127.8
126. 4
124.9
123.3
118.8
115.2
111.3
107.3
103. 0
98.5
93.6
88.it
82.8
52.9
47.0
HO. 5
33.1
7.8
5.0
1985
129.2
127.8
126. 4
124.9
122.1
118.8
115.2
111.3
107.3
103.0
98.5
93.6
88.4
58.2
52.9
47.0
40.5
10.8
7.8
5.0
CALEMDAR TEAR - July 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
129.2
127.8
126.4
125.3
122.1
118.8
115.2
111.3
107.3
103.0
98.5
93.6
63.2
58.2
52.9
17.0
13.6
10.8
7.8
5.0
129.2
127.8
128.3
125.3
122.1
118.8
115.2
111.3
107.3
103.0
98.5
67.7
63.2
58.2
52.9
16.0
13.6
10.8
7.8
5.0
129.2
131.2
128.3
125.3
122. 1
118.8
115.2
111.3
107.3
103.0
71.9
67.7
63.2
58.2
1B.3
16.0
13.6
10.8
7.8
5.0
133.8
131.2
128.3
125.3
122.1
118 .8
115.2
111.3
107.3
75.8
71.9
67.7
63.2
20.3
T8.3
16.0
13.6
10.8
7.8
5.0
1990
133.8
131.2
128.3
125.3
122. 1
118.8
115.2
111.3
79.6
75.8
71.9
67.7
22.1
20.3
18.3
16.0
13.6
10.8
7.8
5.0
1991
133.8
131.2
128.3
125.3
122.1
118.8
115.2
83.0
79.6
75.8
71.9
23.8
22.1
20.3
18.3
16.0
13.6
10.8
7.8
5.0
1992
133.8
131.2
128.3
125.3
122.1
118.8
86.0
83.0
79.6
75.8
25. 4
23.8
22.1
20.3
18.3
16.0
13.6
10.8
7.8
5.0
1993
133.8
131.2
128.3
125.3
122.1
89.5
86.4
83.0
79.6
26.8
25.4
23.8
22.1
20.3
18.3
16.0
13.6
10.8
7.8
5.0
*EH1SSIOW FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH MODEL TEAR 1975 AND THROUGH
CALENDAR TEAS 1975 ARE BASED 01 ACTUAL TESTS OF IX-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CA1EMDAB TEAR EHISSIOM FACTORS FOR Ail VEHICLES AIE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-HB
filf-YEAR E1HAUST EMISSION FACTOKS FOR LIGHT-DUTY GAS TRUCKS 6001-8500 LbS,
NITROGEI OXIDES (GH/ni)
FOR ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AND HIGH-ALTITUDE
rODFLJ
TEAR |
1951|
1952J
19531
1956 t
1955|
195t I
1957}
1956|
1 QS. O t
1 j _> ;? 1
19601
1961}
1962|
1963|
19fc*i J
1965 t
1966|
1967J
Iog, o i
"t> :? 1
19701
1971|
1972J
1973J
197ft |
1975|
197fc |
1977|
1978J
1979 j
196C|
1981|
1982J
19B3J
1986(
1987|
19B8f
19B9J
1990|
1970
6.5
6.5
6 .5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6tt
* D-
*^ * ^
O *. J
6.5
6.5
6.S
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6C
* ~>
5.0
1971
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6t
, j
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6£
• ^
5.0
5.0
1972
6.S
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6t
• J
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
61t
* -*
5.0
5.0
5.0
1973
6.5
6.5
6.5
C> ,5
6^
. j
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6C
* ->
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
CALF.HDAfc YEAR - Jul
1974 1975 1976 1
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
b.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
*
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
.
y i
977
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
1978
b
be
. J
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
* 3
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
1979
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
b.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6
5.0
5.0
b.O
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
1.8
1980
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6C
• ->
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
1*9
1.8
1981
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6c
» ->
5.0
5.0
b.O
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.1
1.9
1.8
*F»'ISSIQN FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH flODEL YEAR 1975 AHD THBOUGH
CAIFHDA8 TEAR 1975 ARE BASED OH ACTUAL TESTS OF 1M-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CA1EMDAR YEAR EMISSION FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ABE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-'JH (FOR CAiESDAH YEARS 1982-1993)
KIT-YEAR EXHAUST EMISSION FACTORS FOF LIGHT-DUTY GAS TRUCKS b001-8bi>0 LBS,
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.0
5.0
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.fc
2.5
2.14
2.3
2.1
1.9
0.5
CALENDAR YEAR - Jul
1986 1987 1988 1
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.M
2.3
2.1
0.8
0.5
6.5
6.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
b.O
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.U
2.3
1.2
o.e
0.5
6.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
b.O
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2. ft
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
y i
989
5.0
s.o
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
1.7
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
1990
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.1
3.0
2,9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
1991
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.2
2.0
U7
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
1992
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.7
'.5
U2
0.8
0.5
1993
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.3
3.2
3.1
3. 1
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.H
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.5
*I«ISSIOR FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH B00EL YEAH 197b AID THROUGH
CALENDAR YEAR 1975 ARE BASED OH ACTUAL TESTS OF IM-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALEMDAS TEAR ERli-SlON FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II-5*
TRAVEL HEIGHTIRG FACTOR CALCULATION
iIifiIlMllJiIS_T|IOCKS_<_600lD_LBS41,
Vehicle
Age
T
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Fraction Total
Registration
0~06 1~
0.095
0.094
0.103
0.083
0.076
0.076
0.063
O.OS4
0.043
0.036
0.024
0.030
0.028
0.026
0.024
0.022
0.020
0.018
0.016
Annual nileage
Accumulation Rate
15900™
15000
14000
13100
12200
11300
10300
9400
8500
7600
6700
6600
6200
5900
5500
5100
5000
4700
4400
4400
969.9
1425.0
1316.0
1349.3
1012.6
858.8
782.8
592.2
459.0
326.8
241.2
158.4
186.0
165.2
143.0
122.4
110.0
94.0
79.2
SOB: 10462.2
Travel Fraction
0,093
0. 136
0.126
0.129
0.097
0.082
0.075
0.057
0.044
0.031
0.023
0.015
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.011
0.009
0.008
0.007
-------
TABLE II-5B
TRA1EL HEIGHT 116 FACTOR CALCULATION
LIGHT-DOTI GAS TBUCKS 6001-8SOO IBS
Vehicle
. Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
?5
16
17
18
19
20
Fraction Total
Registration
" 0.037
0.070
0.078
0.086
0.075
0.075
0.075
0.068
0.059
0.053
0.044
0.032
0.038
0.036
0.034
0.032
0.030
0.028
0.026
0.024
(b)
Annual Rileage
Accumulation Rate
15700
15700
14100
12600
11300
10200
9400
8600
8000
7500
7100
6600
6300
6000
5500
5200
5000
4700
4400
4100
son:
«.)*(b)/sun)
la 1*1^1 Travel Fraction
580.9
1099.0
1099 .8
1083.6
847.5
765.0
705.0
584.8
472.0
397.5
312.4
211.2
239.4
216.0
187.0
166.4
150.0
131.6
114.4
98 *t-
~?461.9
0.061
0. 116
0.116
0.115
0.090
0.081
0.075
0.062
0.050
0.042
0.033
0.022
0.025
0.023
0.020
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.010
-------
TABLE II-5C
AVERAGE CUMULATIVE HILEAGE
BT VEHICLE AGE - July 1
LlgHT-POTir GJS THOCKS < 6QQO LBS^
Age (Tears) Cumulative Bileaqe
1 5962
2 19622
3 3*369
4 48147
5 6t022
6 72997
7 84044
8 94122
9 103297
TO 111571
11 1189*6
12 125646
13 132137
14 138265
15 144062
16 149462
17 154546
18 159465
19 164090
20 168499
The Methodology for calculating average cumulative nileage
is presented in Appendix G.
-------
TABLE 1I-5D
AVERAGE CUflULATIVE HILEAGE
BT VEHICLE AGE - July 1
Age _£Iears]_
1
2
3
a
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
Cumulative Bilea
5888
19625
3H875
18603
60884
71916
81925
91125
99581
107459
114862
121834
128365
140459
145890
151043
155965
160590
16M915
The methodology for calculating average cumulative mileage
is presented in Appendix G.
-------
TABLE II-6A
General Foteula for Ripstvx
The general formula for the speed-temperature-hot/cold correction
factor, Ripstwx. for LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS (0~6K GVW) is given by:
Ripstvx =
DEIIOH
where (using * for multiplication and exp for exponential function) ;
d*A)*{v{2.s1)/v(2,26))
BAG1TERH = w * (exp (a-b*T) « c «
BAG3TERB x *( e *
BAG2TERH * (1-«-xJ*( h *
OEMOn » (dO + d1*A)
« - fraction of total miles which are driven in cold start condition
x = fraction of total miles which are driven in hot start condition
f - ambient temperature (F)
A - vehicle age minus 1, in years
g - index for model-year/region groups; see Table I-6a
s1,s2,s3 = average speeds (miles/hour) for bags 1, 2, and 3
v(g,si) = bag-specific speed correction factor; see Appendix B
and where:
a ,b.c.d ,e«f,h.j,dO, and dl are constant coefficients which are
functions of model-year group and pollutant, as follows:
IPol
HC
HC
HC
HC
„,_.
CO
CO
CO
CO
KOx
MOx
JBOx
IPOx
?
Egn
—
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
ft
- _
1
2
3
«
a | b
2.9310J.OU779
2.9310|.01«779
2.«339|.02359T
1.993*11.022269
5.65181.015965
5.65U8|. 015965
5. 5U60 1.028915
1.2391J.017522
— —
-100. | 0.0
-100n | 0.0
-100. I 0.0
-TOO. I 0.0
j
c
.673
-2.11
.623
-.032
»« H
-11.71
-33.89
11.291
-.20
1.11
1.16
3.26
3.05
f
f d
I .569
1 ,863|
,301|
.115
1 9.62
9.77|
1.21
6.99
o.o
0.0
.335!
.318|
.
e
1
—
1.75
2.13
1.11
.197
12.81
25.26
15.85
1.12
1.25
1.26
2.99
2.88
f
.393
.555
.281
.357
5.76
1.71
2.31
2.20
0.0
0.0
.181
.180*
h
5.69
2.61
1.05
.213
57.57
35.90
21.17
3.96
0.81
0.80
1.89
2.01
1
j | dO | d 1
.171J 5.67| .17
.597J 2.80C .61
,270| 1,381 .28
,17S| .511 .28
7.71J56.13I7.59
6.70J 36.10|6.79
3.13123.7013.11
2.12| 6.98J3.11
o.o t i.o i o.o
0.0 | 1.0 f 0.0
.1161 2.171 .18
,126| 2.161 .18
« . ,1
Eqa
1
2
3
1
Qsed for Rodel Tears:
For HC and CO | For »0x
Pce-1968
1968-1971
Post-1971
Hot Used
Pre-1968
1968-1971
Post-1971
Hot Used
-------
T1BLE II-6B
General Formula tor Ripstwx
The general fotaula for the speed-teaperature-hot/cold correction
factor, Hipstwx. for USHT-DUTY TBUCKS (6-8.51 G««) is given by:
Ripstwx
DENOH
if here (using * for Multiplication and exp for exponential function? :
BAG1TEBH = w *(exp(a-b*T) * c *
BJkGSTERf! x *( e +
BJtG2T£BH = (1-w«x)*( fa «
DBMOfl = (dO * dl**}
d*ft)*(v(2,sl)/v(2,26))
£**)*{v(g,s3)/vfg,26})
}**}*<» (9.s2)/v(g. 16)}
w = fraction of total Biles which are driven in cold start condition
x = fraction of total niles which are driven in hot start condition
T = anbient temperature (F)
A = vehicle age ninus T, in years
g = index for »odel-vear/region groups; see Table I-6a
sl,s2,s3 = average speeds (riles/hour) for bags 1, 2, and 3
v(g,si) = bag-specific speed correction factor; see Appendix B
and where:
a.b.c.d,e,f,h,j,dO, and dl are constant coefficients which are
functions of model-year group and pollutant, as follows:
Pol
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
ffOx
FOx
VOX
NOx
Eqn
—
1
2
3
D
1
2
3
9
• »
1
2
3
4
a | fa I c
t •> 1
|d|e
2.93101.0197791 .673| ,569| 9.75
2.9310|.019779| -2.91| .863| 2.93
2. 9339J .0235911 .623| .301| 1.11
1.993ft|.022269| -,032| .995| .197
5.6598t.015965f-l9.79
5.65981.0159651-33.89
5.5460|.0289«5| 11.29
9.23911.0175221 -.20
I
-100. | 0.0 | 1.1ft
-100. | 0.0 | 1.16
-100. f 0.0 | 3.26
-100. I 0.0 j 3.05
1 I ._
i
| 9.62| 92.89
9.77| 25.26
| 9.291 15.85
6.991 9.12
0.0 | 1.25
0.0 J 1.26
.335| 2.99
.318| 2.88
1 1
1 1 h
.393f 5.69
.555| 2.61
.289| 1.05
.357| .293
5.76( 57.57
9.71| 35.90
2.39| 21.17
2.20| 3.96
0.0 | 0.81
0.0 | 0.80
.189| 1.89
.1801 2.01
j \ dO | d 1
— - f —
.971| 5.67| .97
.597| 2.80| .69
.2701 1.38i| .28
.175| .59| .28
7 . 79 f 56 . 9 3
6.70|36.90
3.13123.701
2.12| 6.98
0.0 I 1.0
0.0 I 1.0
.116| 2.97
.1261 2.96
7.59
6.79
f3. 19
3.19
0.0
0.0
.18
.18
Eqn
1
2
3
9
_
Used Cor Hodel fears:
For HC and CO J For 10 x
Not Dsed
Pre-1979
Post-1978
Not Dsed
Mot Used
Pre-1979
Post-1978
lot Used
-------
TABLE II-fec
Specification of Speed Terns (V
-------
TABLE II-fcd
Specification of Speed Terns (Vg)
Used in the General Formulas tor Ripstwx
LIGHT-DOTY TRUCKS (6-8. SK GVH)
FOR ALL AREAS EICEPT CALIFOBHIA AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
Low-Altitude Pre-1979 Group 1*»
Low-Altitude 1979+ Group 78
-------
TABLE II-7
IDLE EBISSIOM BITES
1IGHT-DOTT TRUCKS: BOTH WEIGHT CATEGORIES
FOB ALL ABEAS EICEPT CALIFOB1IA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
FOLLOTANT
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
MOI
HOI
IOX
HOX
MOX
MOX
HOX
flODEL YEAR
PRE-1968
1968-1969
1970-197*
1975-1978
1979-1982
1983+
PRE-1968
1968-1969
1970-197*1
1975-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PRE-1968
1968-1969
1970-1972
1973-197*
1975-1978
1979-198H
1985*
MEW VEHICLE
EJ1ISSIOK RATE
-
2.19
1.20
1.00
0.99
0.2«t
0.08
16.58
13.77
1t>.32
9.U9
1,b2
O.H9
0.16
0.2U
0.26
0.19
0.26
0.18
O.OU
DETERIORAIIOM RATE
(PER 10,000 RILES)
0.18
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.06
2.55
2.83
2.92
2.17
1.56
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
The Idle Emission Factor is calculated from
the linear equation C = a •» bT, where C is the
idle emission factoi for a vehicle Hith
cumulative mileage B, a and b are the factors
listed in the above table, and If = n/10000.
-------
TABLE II-7A
IDLE EHIS5I01 RATES
LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS (0-6K GVM)
FOB ALL AREAS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AND HIGH-ALTITUDE
POLLUTANT
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
10X
vox
NOX
NOX
VOX
VOX
flO DEL YEAR
piE-ms
1968-197H
1975-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PIE-1968
1968-197«l
1975-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PBE-1968
1968-1972
1973-197ft
1975-1978
1979-198*
1985*
VEW VEHICLE
EBISSIOX PATE
2.01
0.68
0.28
0.20
0.08
16.42
12.73
2.02
1.82
O.M9
0.16
0.26
0.16
0.25
0.18
O.OU
DETERIORATION RATE
(PEB 10,000 RILES)
0.18
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.06
2.55
2.92
1.56
1.56
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.02
The Idle Enission Factor is calculated fro*
the linear equation C » a * bl, where C is the
idle emission factor for a vehicle with
cumulative aileage ti, a and b are the factors
listed in the above table, and T = H/10000.
-------
TAB1E II-7B
IDLE EBISSIOI RATES
LIGHT-DUTY TBDCKS (6-8.5K GVH)
FOR All AREAS EXCEPT CAIIFORNIA AND HIGH-A1TITUDE
A (Gn/HIK.) J B
POLLUTANT
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
• 01
VOX
10X
IOX
110DE1 TEAR
PRE-1970
1970-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PRE-1970
1970-1978
1979-1982
1983+
PRE-1970
1970-1978
1979-198 H
1985*
_
NEW VEHICLE
ERISSION RATE
"-
2.93
1.86
0.21
0.08
17.21
18.62
1.82
O.U9
0.18
0.27
0.18
0.04
DETERIORATION BATE
(PER 10.000 RILES)
0.18
0.20
0.19
0.06
2.55
2.92
1.56
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
The Idle Emission Factor is calculated from
the linear equation C = a * bY, where C is the
idle emission factor for a vehicle with
copulative nileage H, a and b are the factors
listed in the above table, and 1 > B/10000.
-------
TIBLE II-8
Crankcase aod Evaporative KC Enission Factors
(ga/mi)
LIGHT-DUTT TRUCKS: BOTH WEIGHT CATEGORIES
FOB AIL AREAS EXCEPT CAIIFOHUIA ABD BIGH-A1TITUDE
0-6000 Ib. Trucks(l) 6001-8500 Ib. Trucks(2)
Pre-1963 b.63 7.70
1963-1967 3.33 7.70
T968-1970 2.53 2.b3
1971-1977 1.76 2.b3
1978 0.60 2.53
1979 0.60 0.60
1980* O.lb 0.15
(IJAssumes that 0-6000 Ib. trucks travel an average of 3.3 trips
per day and accumulate an average ol 29. A miles per day.
(2JArsumes that 6001-8500 Ib. trucks travel an average of 10.9 trips
per day and accunulate an average of 63.6 miles per day.
-------
TABLE II-9
LOT Loading Correction Factor
(Additional 500 Pounds, All Rode] Years)
The loading Correction Factor, L(p), is given by:
L(p) « u*(cf(p) - 1.0) 4 1.0
w here:
u = fraction of vehicles with additional load of 500 pounds
cf (p) = correction factor values selected frow table below
L(p) = Loading Correction Factor
HC 1.0fc
CO 1.20
MOi 1.03
-------
TJIBiE 11-10
SALES WEIGHTIIG DISTRIBUTION
Rod el
!Ǥ!_
Pre-1968
T968-1969
1970-1972
1973-1974
1975*
0-6000 Ib. Truck
Sales Weighting
.80
.77
.7*1
.72
.55
6001-850
Sales ti
.20
.23
.26
.28
.15
0 Ib. True*
eiqhtinq
-------
TABLE III-1
EXHAUST ERISSIOI RATES
HEA¥¥-D8TY GAS TRUCKS
FOB &LL AREAS EICEPT CALIFORRIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
POLLUTAIT
RC
HC
RC
HC
RC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
BOX
MOx
HO*
BOX
lOx
RODEL IEAR
PRE-1970
1970-1973
1974-1978
1979-1982
1983+
PHE-1970
1970-1973
197*1-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PiE-1970
1970-1973
1971-1978
1979-1981
1985 +
1 A (GH/niLE)
HEU VEHICLE
EHISSIOI BATE
23.90
18.51
22.02
5.22
1.16
272.90
212.70
218.80
191.90
15.38
8.80
12.80
10.50
9.10
3.99
| B iGH/HILEl
DETERIORATION RATE
(PER 10rOOO RILES)
— .«.—«.—- —
0.58
0.53
0.53
0.53
1.06
3.06
6.15
6.15
6.15
10.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.31
The Exhaust Emission Factor is calculated fro*
the linear equation C * a » bY, where C is the
exbaust emission factor for a vehicle with
cumulative mileage H, a and b ate the factors
listed in the above table, and f * H/10000.
-------
TABLE IJI-2
¥EAI EXHAOST fcBISSIOl FlCTOBS FOB GASOLIHE-POHERED HEAVT-DUTT VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS (GH/RI)
FOR ALL REGIOIS EXCEPT CALIFORRIA 1MD HJCB-ALTITUDE
- . • '- x
•»-?y >,o:i
f
n '
'( ! ' *
1 ' :
r: • '-,
1
\ "• -: '
I "-•
I "' "-; r '"
f 1 '">l '• v
1 1 ^ •-. .
| " :;(• -
I •"''- *
i •• w.
1 ? •• > •
»
*= •
, -, 1. :
'-,. '
1-
7s: - !
f j - -.'*•*
*[ * % , $ #
?l ' ''*v' /
i
'70 1971
ails 35.1
i».5 31.8
'%3 31.5
,0 31.3
1*7 31.0
3.3 33.7
53,0 33.3
1-2.6 33.0
32.1 32.6
3t.f> 32.1
>-:.i 31.6
ia.a 31.1
?3.7 30.1
?;l«,0 29.7
va.1 2i.O
i'7.1 28.1
^6.t 27.1
/S.O 26.1
1.8 19.5
18.8
1972
35.1
31.8
31.5
31.3
31.0
33.7
33.3
33.0
32.6
32.1
31.6
31.1
30.1
29.7
29.0
28.1
27.1
20.5
19.5
18.8
1973
35.1
31.8
31 13
34.0
33.7
33.3
33.0
32.6
32.1
31.6
31.1
30.1
29.7
29.0
28.1
21.5
20.5
19.5
18.8
CALEBDAB TEAR - July 1
1971 1975 1976 1977
35.1
31.8
31.5
34.3
31.0
33.7
33.3
33.0
32.6
32.1
31.6
31.1
30.1
29.7
29.0
22.4
21.5
20.5
19.5
22.3
35.1
34.8
34.5
31.3
31.0
33.7
33.3
33.0
32.6
32.1
31.6
31.1
30.1
29.7
23.2
22.1
21.5
20.5
23.0
22.3
*
35.1
34.8
34.5
31.3
31.0
33.7
33.3
33.0
32.6
32.1
31.6
31.1
30.1
23.9
23.2
22.4
21.5
21.0
23.0
22.3
35.1
3Q. 8
31.5
34.3
31.0
33.7
33.3
33.0
32.6
32.1
31.6
31.1
24.5
23.9
23.2
22.4
25.0
24.0
23.0
22.3
1978
35.1
34.8
34.5
34.3
34.0
33.7
33.3
33.0
32.6
32.1
31.6
25.1
24.5
23.9
23.2
25.8
25.0
24.0
23.0
22.3
1979
35.1
34.8
34.5
34.3
34.0
33.7
33.3
33.0
32.6
32.1
25.6
25.1
24.5
23.9
26.6
25.8
25.0
24.0
23.0
5.5
I960
35.1
34.8
34.5
34.3
34.0
33.7
33.3
33.0
32.6
26.0
25.6
25.1
24.5
27.4
26.6
25.8
25.0
24.0
6.2
5.5
1981
35.1
34.8
34.5
34.3
34.0
33.7
33.3
33.0
26.5
26.0
25.6
25.1
28.0
27.4
26.6
25.8
25.0
7.2
6.2
5.5
!
t
it
I
i
'j'h FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH BOOEL TEAR 1975 AID THROUGH
At, f EAR 1975 ARE BASED OB ACTUAL TESTS OF IW-USE VEHICLES.
f, CALENDAR TEAR EHISSIOR FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE III-2 (FOB CALEiDAR TEARS 1982-1993)
PID-IBAR IXHAOST EH1SSIOW FACTORS FOR GASOLI»E-PO«ERED HEAVTf-DUTI VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS (GH/RI)
FOR ALL 8EGIOHS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
fBODEL
IEAR
1965J
1967J
19701
1971J
1972|
1973J
197«(
1975J
19761
1977|
1978|
1979|
19801
1981J
19821
1983J
198«|
1985J
1986|
19871
19881
1989J
1990J
1991f
19921
1993J
1
ft982
35.1
3 ft .8
3ft. 5
3H.3
3ft.O
33.7
33.3
26.8
26.5
26.0
25.6
78.6
28.0
27.H
26.6
2S.8
8.2
7.2
6,2
5.5
1983
35. 1
3ft. 8
3ft. 5
Jft.3
3ft. 0
33.7
27.2
26.8
26.5
26.0
29.1
28.6
28.0
27. ft
26*6
9.0
8.2
7.2
6.2
2.0
1984
35.1
3 .1
3ft .8
3ft. 5
3ft. 3
27.8
27.5
27.2
26.8
29.9
29.5
29.1
28.6
28.0
10.6
9.8
9.0
8.2
5.5
3.5
2.0
CALENDAR YEAR - July 1
1986 1987 T988 1989
35.1
3ftl5
28.0
27.8
27.5
27.2
30.3
29.9
29.5
29.1
28.6
11.2
10. 6
9.8
9.0
7 .ft
5.5
3.5
2.0
35.1
3ft. 8
28.3
28.0
27.8
27.5
30.6
30.3
29.9
29.5
29.1
11.8
11.2
10.6
9.8
9.1
7. ft
5.5
3.5
2.0
35.1
28.5
28.3
28.0
27.8
31.0
30.6
30.3
29.9
29.5
12.3
11.8
11.2
10.6
10.7
9.1
7. ft
5.5
3.5
2.0
28.7
28.5
28.3
28.0
31.2
31.0
30.6
30.3
29.9
12.7
12.3
11.8
11.2
12.1
10.7
9.1
7. ft
5.5
3.5
2.0
1990
28.7
28.5
28.3
31.5
31.2
31.0
30.6
30.3
13.1
12.7
12.3
11.8
13. ft
12.1
10.7
9.1
7. ft
5.5
3.5
2.0
1991
28.7
28.5
31.7
31.5
31.2
31.0
30.6
13.5
13.1
12.7
12.3
M.S
13. ft
12.1
10.7
9.1
7. ft
5.5
3.5
2.0
1992
28.7
32.0
31.7
31.5
31.2
31.0
13.8
13.5
13.1
12.7
15.5
1ft .5
13. ft
12.1
10.7
9.1
7. ft
5.5
3.5
2.0
1993
32.2
32.0
31.7
31.5
31.2
1ft. 2
13.8
13.5
13.1
16,5
15.5
tft.5
13. ft
12.1
10.7
9.1
7. ft
5.5
3.5
2.0
*EHISSIOI FACTORS FOB fEHICLES THROUGH RODEL YEAR 1975 AMD THROUGH
CALENDAR TEAR 1975 ARf BASED OS ACTUAL TESTS 01 IB-USE VEHICLES.
POST--1915 CAiEMfUR fEIB EBI5SIOK FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ABE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE III-3
BIB-TEAR EXHAUST ERISSION FACTORS FOB GASOLINE-POKERED HEAVT-DUTT VEHICLES
CAB BOH MONOXIDE (GR/RI)
FOR ALL BBGIOIS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
IBODE1J CALENDAR TEAR - Julj 1
IYIAR 11970 1971 1972 1973 197* 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
§•—••••——• *»•— —^»—» — — — .— — *»— — — -»,.». __-M__ *-_.v..»VM-b*»_ «_ _ — *-.— — — —.•—_ — .w _ v_ __ _^» «.«. _<*». wv.w*»-»_.«. -« m *. ^. *.-
(1951J331.8 |*
(1952(330.5 331,8 (
119531329.0 330.5 331.8 |
il95*j32?.6 329.0 330.5 331.8 I
11955(326.1 327.6 329.0 330.5 331.8 |
11956(32*.5 326.1 327.6 329.0 330.5 331.8f
|1957|322.7 32*.5 326.1 327.6 329.0 330.5(331.8
|1958|320.7 322.7 32*.5 326.1 327.6 329.0|330.5 331.8
(1959(318.6 320.7 322.7 32*.5 326.1 327.6J329.0 330.5 331.8
|19fcO|316.2 318.6 320.7 322.7 32ft.5 326.1f327.6 329.0 330.5 331.8
11961|313.6 316.2 318.6 320.7 322.7 32*.5(326.1 327.6 329.0 330.5 331.8
119621310.6 313.6 316.2 318.6 320.7 322.7(32*.5 326.1 327.6 329.0 330.5^331.6
|19fe3|307.ft 310.6 313.6 316.2 318.6 320.7J322.7 32H.5 326.1 327.6 329.0 330.5
|19&H|303.7 307.11 310.6 313.6 316.2 318.6|320.7 322.7 321.5 326.1 327.6 329.0
|19fc5|299.6 303.7 307.* 310.6 313.6 316.2|318.6 320.7 322.7 32*.5 326.1 327.6
|1966|295.0 299.6 303.7 307.* 310.6 313.6|316.2 318.6 320.7 322.7 32*.5 326.1
|1967|290.0 295,0 299.6 303.7 307.* 310.6(313.6 316.2 318.6 320.7 322.7 32*.5
(1968(284.5 290.0 295.0 299.6 303.7 307.«|310.6 313.6 316.2 318.6 320.7 322.7
11969(278.7 28*.5 290.0 295.0 299.6 303.7(307.* 310.6 313.6 316.2 318.6 320.7
(1970(215.6 22*.* 236.0 2*7.0 257.1 266.3(27*.6 282.0 288.6 29*.* 299.7 304.5
I1971J 215.6 22*.* 236.0 2*7.0 257.1(266.3 27«.6 282.0 2t8.6 29*.* 299.7
(1972( 215.6 22*.* 236.0 2*7.0(257.1 266.3 27*.6 282.0 288.6 29*.*
f1973( 215.6 22*.* 236.0(2*7.0 257.1 266.3 27*.6 282.0 288.6
(197*( 221.7 230.5(2*2.1 253.1 263.2 272.4 280.7 288 . t
(1975( 221.7(230.5 2*2.1 253.1 263.2 272.* 280.7
(1976| (221.7 230.5 2*2.1 253.1 263.2 272.*
(1977J I 221.7 230.5 2*2.1 253.1 263.2
|1978( | 221.7 230.5 2*2.1 253.1
f!979( | 19*.8 203.6 215.2
I1980( | 19*.8 203.6
jl98f( ( 19*.8
11982| |
|1983| I
(198*( (
|1985( |
M9861 I
(1987( (
(1988( (
(19891 I
4EBISSION FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH RODEL TEIB 1975 AID THROUGH
CALENDAR TEAR 1975 ARE BASED ON ACTUAL TESTS OF IN-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR TEAR ERISSION FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE III-3 (FOR CALEIDAR TEARS 1982-1993}
RIB-YEAR EXHAOST EHISSIOI FACTORS FOB GASOLIME-POWEBED HEATI-DUTT fEHICLES
CARBO* BOROXIDE (6R/BI)
FOR ALL RECTORS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
IBODEI |
(IEAR |1982
|19fe3| 33 1.8
(19641330.5
|1965|329. 0
(1966(327.6
|19fc7t326. 1
(1968(324.5
(19691322.7
|1970|308.8
(1971(304.5
|1972|299.7
(1973J294.4
|1974|294.7
119751288.1
|1976|280.7
|1977|272.*
(19781263.2
119791226.2
|1980|215.2
|198tf2G3.6
11982(194.8
(19831
(1984(
|1985|
|1986|
(19871
|1988(
(1989|
(19901
(1991(
(19921
(19931
1983
331.8
330.5
329.0
327.6
326.1
324.5
312.7
308.8
304.5
299.7
300.5
294.7
288.1
280.7
272.4
236.3
226.2
215.2
203.6
20.4
1984
331.8
330.5
329.0
327.6
326.1
316.3
312.7
308.8
304.5
305.8
300.5
294.7
288.1
280.7
245.5
236.3
226.2
215.2
35.4
20.4
1985
331.8
330.5
329.0
327.6
319.6
316.3
312.7
308.8
310.6
305.8
300.5
294.7
288.1
253.8
245.5
236.3
226.2
55.3
35.4
20.4
CALEI
1986
331.8
330.5
329.0
322.6
319.6
316.3
312.7
314.9
310.6
305.8
300.5
294.7
261.2
253.8
245.5
236.3
74.1
55.3
35.4
20.4
IDAR Tl
1987
331.8
330.5
325.5
322.6
319.6
316.3
318.8
314.9
310.6
305.8
300.5
267.8
261.2
253.8
245.5
91.5
74.1
55.3
35.4
20.4
EAR - »
1988
331.8
328.4
325.5
322.6
319.6
322.4
318.8
314.9
310.6
305.8
273.6
267.8
261.2
253.8
107.3
91.5
74.1
55.3
35.4
20.4
July 1
1989
331.1
328.4
325.5
322.6
325.7
322.4
318.8
314.9
310.6
278.9
273.6
267.8
261.2
121.5
107.3
91.5
74.1
55.3
35.4
20.4
1990
331. 1
328.4
325.5
328.7
325.7
322.4
318.8
314.9
283.7
278.9
273.6
267.8
134.2
121.5
107.3
91.5
74.1
55.3
35.4
20.4
1991
331.1
328.4
331.6
328.7
325.7
322.4
318.8
288.0
283.7
278.9
273.6
145.4
134.2
121.5
107.3
91.5
74.1
55.3
35,4
20.4
1992
331.1
334.5
331.6
328.7
325.7
322.4
291.9
288.0
283.7
278.9
155.4
145.4
134.2
121.5
107.3
91.5
74.1
55.3
35.4
20.4
1993
337.2
334.5
331.6
328.7
325.7
295. b |
291.9 1
288.6 |
283.1 |
164.5 |
155. 4 §
ws.a §
134.2 S
121.5
107.3
91. 5
74.1
55.3
35.*l
20.4
•EHISSIOI FACTORS FOR fEHICLES THROUGH HODEL IEAR 1975 AID THROUGH
CA1ERDAR TEAE 1975 ARE BASED Ol ACTDAL TESTS OF IB-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALEIDAR TEAR EHISSIOI FACTORS FOB ALL fEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE II1-»I
BID-TEAS EXHAUST EBISSION FACTORS FOR GASOLINE-POUERE8 IEAVT-DUTT VEHICLES
•ITBOGEI OXIDES (GH/HI)
FOR ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFOBII1 110 BIGH-ALTITODE
IRODEL
(TEAR
I
I1952J
119531
|195*|
119551
|1956I
H957I
|1958f
1 1959|
( 1960|
1 1961 1
|1962|
J1963I
f 1964|
{ 1 96 5 1
I1966J
|1967|
|1968|
J1969I
| 1970|
|1971|
119721
I1973J
|197Hl
|1975|
119761
|1977|
|1978|
1 1979|
11961|
11982}
| 1983J
M98M
119851
i1987|
| 1988|
119891
119901
1
1970
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
1971
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
1972
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
1973
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
CALENDAR TEAR - July 1
197* 1975 1976 1977
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
8.8
888
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
*
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
IQ.b
10.5
10.5
1978
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10,5
10.5
10.5
10.5
1979
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10. 5
9.1
1980
8.8
8.8
8.8
8. ft
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
*
1981
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10. S
10.5
10.5
9.1
9ll
1
1
1
*ER1SSIQS FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH BODEL TEAS 1975 AHO tHBOUGH
OIENDA1 TEAR 1975 ABE BASED Oi ACTUAL TESTS OF IB-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR TEAR EHISSIOH FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES AME PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE III-1 (FOR CALEBPAB TEABS 1982-1993)
BID-YEAR EXHAUST EHISSION FACTORS FOB GASOLIBE-PONEBED HEAVT-DUTf
1ITB06EI OXIDES (GB/HI)
FOB Ail REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFOBBIA AID HIGH-AiTITUDE
IRODEL
ITEAB
* — 1
| 1966|
(1968|
| 1969|
| 1970|
I1971J
|!972t
(1973|
J1971J
f 19751
|1976|
11977!
1 19781
| 1979|
|1980|
I 198 1|
|1982|
|1983|
| 198« I
(19B5J
|1986|
I 19871
(1988(
| !989f
| 1990|
| 1991|
|1992(
(1993J
1
(1982
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
1983
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
19B1
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
1985
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
1.2
CALEBDiB TEAB - July 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
8.8
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
1.6
1.2
8.8
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
5.3
1.6
1.2
8.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
5.9
5.3
1.6
1.2
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
6.1
5.9
5.3
1.6
1.2
1990
12.8
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
7.0
6.1
5.9
5.3
1.6
1.2
1991
12.8
12.8
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
7.1
7.0
6.1
5.9
5.3
1.6
1.2
1*
i; t
it- ••
to
10, S
10. S
10.5
9.1
9.!
9,
9 ,
f- .
,»
t, i
!.;,
i
«*,,«
* *«'
-; f> s 1
e -* 6
', -' ^ ^ £
• 0 „ 5 |
.'«.*: *
H' . :'» j
».1 S
9,1 |
9.! $
9.; ;
5.1 *
•£"2 I
a i
a .
.0
»i
,9
i.3
'.'.6
V'12_»
*IHISSIOB FACTOBS FOB VEHICLES THROUGH RODEl TEAB 1975 AID THROUGH
CA1FKDAB TEAB 1975 ABE BASED OB ACTUAL TESTS OF IB-USE VEHICLES.
POST*1975 C11EBDAB TEAB EHISSIOB FACTOBS FOB ALL VEHICLES ABB
-------
T1BIE III-5
TRAVEL WEIGHTING FACTOR CILCOL1TIOV
VEBIC1.ES
Vehicle
Age
__
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Fraction Total
Begistration
~" 0~037
0.070
0.078
0.086
0.075
0.075
0.075
0.068
0.059
0.053
0.044
0.032
0.038
0.036
0.034
0.032
0.030
0.028
0.026
0.024
Annual flileage
Accumulation Bate
19000
19000
17900
Y6500
15000
13500
12000
10600
9500
8600
7800
7000
6300
5900
5300
4900
4700
4600
4400
4200
lal£jtil
703.0
1330.0
1396.2
1419.0
1125.0
1012.5
900.0
720.8
560.5
455.8
343.2
224.0
239.4
212.4
180.2
156.8
141.0
128.8
114.4
IQfijJL
( (»)» (bJ/SUH)
Travel Fraction
0.061
0.116
0.122
0.124
0.098
0.088
0.079
0.063
0.049
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.021
0.019
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.009
son: 11463.8
-------
TABLE III-5A
AVERAGE CBBOLATIVE MILEAGE
BT VEHICLE AGE - July 1
1 4750
2 19000
3 37862
«l S5725
S 722T2
6 87212
7 100712
8 11272S
9 123362
10 132867
11 141SOO
12 149300
13 156312
14 162650
15 168525
16 173850
17 178775
18 183187
19 188075
20 192474
The methodology foe calcolatiag average cumulative mileage
is presented in Appendix G.
-------
TAB1E 1II-6
SPEED COBEECTIOI FACTGB COEFFICIfKTS
FOB GAS01INE-POUEBED HE1VY-DUTY VEHICLES
FOB All BEGIOBS EXCEPT CA1IFOBBIA AKD HIGH-ALTITUDE
|BODEl IEIB
I
| PBE-1970
I
| 1970-1973
f
| 1974-1978
r
| 1979*
I
2,420 -0.153 0.0016
f.140 -0.06S 0.000*
1.560 -0.096 0.0009
1,5«IO -0.071 -0.0003
CABBOB_H01IOXIDE
__A B C
1.740 -0.117 0.0015
1.540 -0.097 0.0010
1.240 -0.078 0.0008
0.620 -0.039 0.0004
0.851 0.0074
0.812 0.0094
0.820 0(,0081
0.764 0..0120
-------
TABLE III-7
ID1E EHISSIOli RATES
HEA¥T-DUTf GAS TBDCKS
FOR ALL AREAS EICEPT CALIFOilllA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
POLLUTAMT
HC
RC
HC
RC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
•ox
•ox
•ox
•ox
vox
i
HOD EL TEAR
PBE-1970
1970-1973
197U-T978
1979-1982
1983*
PBE-1970
1970-1973
197S-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PiE-1970
1970-1973
197«-1978
1979-198$
1985*
•EH VEHICLE
ERISSIOI BATE
~
3.85
0.71
3.09
0.73
0.20
21.63
15.70
21.92
19.23
1.5*
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
DETERIORATION BATE
(PEB 10,000 BILES)
0.18
0.20
0.20
0.20
o.«»p
2.55
2.92
2.92
2.92
5.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
The Idle Emission Factor is calculated iron
the linear equation C = a * bT, where C is the
idle eaission factor for a vehicle with
coBulative nileage H, a and b are the factors
listed in the above table, and f = H/10000.
-------
TABLE III-8
Crankcase and Evaporative HC Emission Factors
HEAft-DUTl CAS TBOCKS
FOR ALL ABEAS EXCEPT CALIFOBMIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
Hpdel Tear Hydrocarbon Emissions (
-------
TABLE III-9
COEFFICIENTS FOR AVG. HEIGHT ARD AfG. WEIGHT/CID
FOR GASOLIRE-POVERED HEAfY-DUTY VEHICLES
FOR 111 REGIOIS EICEPT CA1IFOBII* AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
PRE-1970
1970-1973
197**
.HID ROC ARBORS
bObl b2
1.302 0.177 -0.065
-O.S8* 0.121 -0.010
0.762 0.131 -0.0«l7
C ARBOR HOROI1DE
bO 7. bl b2
b<
b
b 2
I
0.81H -0.036 0.016J 0.869 0.172 -O.OS«
I
0.354 0.106 -0.02ft | 0.883 0.016 -O.Q03|
I I
0.320 O.U9 -0.0«S| 0.9*3 0.008 -0.002|
P(ipnoq) * bO * b1(UT/1000) * b2 (HT/CID)
This correction factor is applicable only to gasoline-powered HDVs with
•eights ranging fro* 13000 to 29000 pounds and CID of 330 to 390.
-------
TABLE I?-1
EXHAUST EHISSIOH BATES
HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL VEHICLES
FOR ALL AREAS EXCEPT CALIFOBftIA AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
POLLUTAMT
HC
HC
HC
RC
CO
CO
CO
CO
BOX
MOX
HOx
MOx
NOOEL YEAR
—
PBE-197*
197H-1978
1979-1982
1983*
PRE-197
-------
TABLE IV-?
flD-YEAR EXHAUST EHISSION FACTORS FOB DIESEL-POWERED HEAVY-DUTI VEHICLES
HYDROCARBOHS (GH/BI)
FOR ALL HEGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AMD HIG«-ALTITUDE
MODEL |
YEAR |
1951|
1952|
1953(
195ft |
19551
1957|
1958|
1959 |
1960|
196 1|
1962 |
1963 |
1964|
1965|
1966 |
1967|
19681
1969|
1970f
1971J
19721
1973|
197*1
19751
?976f
1977f
1978J
1979|
19PO|
19F1|
1962|
19P3|
1984 |
19R6|
T987J
1988J
19P9|
1990|
1970
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4l3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
1971
4.3
4.3
4^3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
U. 3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
1972
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
1.3
1973
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4 .3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
CALENDAR YEAR - July 1
1974 1975 1976 1977
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4 .5
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4 .3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
1978
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
1979
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
1980
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
198 1
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
*ERISSIOM FACTORS FOB VEHICLES THROUGH TODEL YEAR 1975 AMD THROUGH
CALFKDAR YEAR 1975 ARE BASED OK ACTUAL TESTS OF IK-USE VEHICLES.
FOST-1975 CALENDAR YEAR EHISSIOU FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE
(FOR CALENDAR TEARS 1982-1993)
FID-YEAR EXHAUST EMISSION FACTORS FOR DIESEL-POKERED HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS (Gfl/BI)
FOR ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AND HIGH-A LT JTUDE
HODEIJ
f EAF |
~
19fc3|
19t>£t|
19f 5|
196fc|
1967J
19fc8|
1969|
1970|
1971|
1972{
1973|
1971 |
1975J
197fcj
T977|
1978|
1979f
1980|
19f 1J
19P2|
1983J
19P*J f
1985J
t9et»j
19P7J
1988J
19fc9|
19901
1991|
1992J
1993J
1982
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1983
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.8
1981
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.8
2.6
1985
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
*.S
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
CALEIPA
1986 1
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1 .3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
R YEAR -
987 1988
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
July 1
1989
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
1990
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
1991
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
«».5
M.5
1.5
1.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
1992
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
1993
1.5
1.5
1.5
«.5
1.5
U.5
«*.5
1.5
1.5
2.6
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.B
2.8
2.8
*EHISSIO» FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH MODEL TEAR 197i> AJID THROUGH
C»LF»DAR YEAR 1975 ARE BASED on ACTUAL TESTS OF IK-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALEHDAR YEAR EMISSION FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE IV-jl
EXHAUST EMISSION FACTORS FOR DTESEL-POKERTV HEAVT-DOTT VEHICLE?
CABHOW ft 01*0 XI D I (GR/KI)
FOR ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AND HJCH-ALTJTDDE
nor FI
YEAR
* £i 4 * 1
1 G '•v "3 |
19SU |
1956 |
19S8f
1959|
°t Q f- fl i
19f> 1 \
If Q t, O I
196 3|
19t <4 |
1 965|
1966!
19t 7|
19frE j
19691
1970J
1971|
1972i
1973J
197t]|
1975|
1 97f j
1977|
1978 f
1979f
19PC|
79P 1|
1982J
1985J
19P6J
1988 |
1
1970
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
197
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1972
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35!
3S.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1973
35.1
35.1
35.1
35,1
35.1
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.1
35.1
35. 1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
CALFK
197U
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
27.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
DAP YFftR - July 1
1975 197b 1977 197«
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35. 1
35.1
3b. 1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35. 1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
15
35
35
27
27
27
.1
.1
.1
.t
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
. 1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.0
.0
.0
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35. 1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
35.1
35. 1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
J5.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
3S.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
1979
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
3b
35
27
27
27
27
27
27
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
. 1
. 1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
. 1
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
1980
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
1981
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
*FF
-------
TABLE IV-3 (FOB CALENDAR YEAfcS 1982-1993)
FID-YEAR EXHAUST EMISSION FACTORS FOR DIESEL-POWERED HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES
CARBON HOHOITDE (GH/K1)
FOR ALL REG10KS EXCEPT CALIFORMIA AKD HI&h-ALTITUQE
POtEL
YEAR
19fc3|
19fc«|
1965|
19&6|
19fc7f
19fc8|
19fc9l
1970|
1971|
1972|
1973|
197«M
19751
197fc&
1977J
1978|
1979|
19eC|
1961|
19P2J
W3|
19fr<4|
19&*> |
19Bf J
1987J
19B8|
19g9|
1990J
199 If
1992|
1993|
1
11982
35. t
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
1983
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
198U
35.1
3b.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
3b.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
1985
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
CALENDAR YEAR - July 1
198fc 1987 1988 1989
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35. I
3b.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
35.1
35.1
35.1
35. 1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27. 0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
1990
3i>. 1
3b. 1
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
2/.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
/iJ.O
1991
3b. 1
3b.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
1992
35.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
;7.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
1993
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27. 0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
*EPISSIO)I FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH KODEL YEAR 1975 AND THROUGH
CALTKDAR YEAR 1975 ARE BASED OK ACTUAL TESTS OF 1K-CSE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR YEAR EH1SSION FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE IV~4
BID-TEAS EXHAUST EHISSIOH FACTORS FOB LIESEL-POWEFED HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES
MITROGEH OXIDES (GH/HI)
FOR ALL BEGIOMS EXCEPT CALIFOHIiJA AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
IHODFL
IYEAR
I
I1951S
I1952J
I1953J
| 19541
119551
|195fc|
J1957I
f 1958J
J1959J
f 19feO|
I1961J
|19fe2|
|19b3|
j 19fc«t|
It dL. Si t
i9bb I
|19frfc|
j 19fc7|
(19681
I19fc9f
|1970f
M971J
|1972f
M973I
J1974J
|1975|
I197M
|1977f
| 1978f
1 1979J
I 1980|
J1981J
f I982J
i 19831
$ 198»|
I 1985|
i 1986|
jI987|
I 19881
| 19891
1 1990f
1
| 1970
21.*
21.4
21.4
21. <4
21. ft
21.4
21. a
21. 4
21.«l
21.4
21.*
21.4
21.*
21. ft
21 ft
I.H
2 .*
2 .<*
2 .ft
2 .a
2 .1
1971
2t.«
21.1
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21 »t
i .1
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
1972
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.«
2t it
i.l
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
1973
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
2t it
« .*•
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
CALEKDAB YEAR - July 1
1974 1975 197fc 1977
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21 ri
' .*»
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
20.1
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
2* /i
I . H
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21. a
21.4
21.4
20.1
20.1
*
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21 it
* * **
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
20. 1
20.1
20.1
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
1978
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21. U
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
1979
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
19.9
1980
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21 ti
I . H
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.4
2t.«
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
19.9
19.9
1981
21.4
21.4
21.4
21,
. •*
2 .4
2 .4
2 .4
2 .4
2 .4
21.4
21.4
21.4
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
*Ef5l5SIO» FACTORS FOR VEHICLES TH80UCH RODEL YEAR 1975 AMD THROUGH
CAIIMDAB YEAR 1975 ARE BASED 08 ACTUAL TESTS OF IJI-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR YEAR EBISSIOH FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED,
-------
TABLE I?--1 (FOB CALENDAR fEARS 1982-1*»93}
BID-YEAR EXHAUST EMISSION JACTORS FOR DIESEL-POWERED HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES
SITKOGEN OXIDES (GB/HI)
FOR ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AMD HIGH-ALTITUDE
HOPEL
YEAR
1963J
mil
1965|
196fe|
I967|
1968f
1969|
1970f
1971J
1972J
1973J
1971J
t975f
1976 |
1977|
1978J
1979J
1960|
1981|
1982J
19B3t
1981 1
19651
1986J
1987|
19881
1989|
1990|
1991f
19921
1993|
1
11982
21. a
21. 1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
1983
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
1981
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20. 7
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
79.9
19.9
19.9
1985
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
20. 1
20. 1
20.1
20. 7
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19..9
5.3
CALENDAR YEAR - July 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
5.3
5.3
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
20.1
20.1
20. 1
20.1
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
1990
21.1
21.1
21.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20. 7
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
1991
21.1
21.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
1992
21.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
1993
20.1
20.1
20. T
20.1
20.1
19.9
7989
19.9
19.9
19.9
19.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
*EIUSSIO* FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH BODEL YEAR 1975 AND THROUGH
CALENDAR YEAB 1975 ABE BASED ON ACTUAL TESTS OF II-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR YEAR EHISSION FACTORS FOR AIL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED,
-------
TIBiE IV-5
TBAYEL KEIGHTIIG FACTOR C»ICOL*TIOH
DIESEL-POWERED HEAVY-DOT! VEHICLES
Teh icle
Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
(a)
Fraction Total
BegJLStratioa
0.077
0.135
0.134
0.131
0.099
0.090
0.082
0.062
0.045
0.033
0.025
0.015
0.013
0.011
0.010
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
(b)
Annual nileage ( (a) * (b) /SDH)
Accumulation Bate (a)*{b) Travel Fraction
73600
73600
69900
63300
56600
50000
45600
41200
38200
36000
34600
33800
33100
32400
30900
28700
25700
21300
18400
15400
5667.2
9936.0
9366.6
8292,3
5603.4
4500.0
3739.2
2554.4
1719.0
1188.0
865.0
507.0
430.3
356.4
309.0
229.6
179.9
127.8
92.0
61^6
SUB: 55724.6
0.102
0.178
a. 168
0.149
0. 101
0.081
0.067
0.046
0.031
0.021
0.016
0.009
0.008
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
-------
TABLE IV-5*
DVEBXGE CUBULATIVE HILEAGE
BT VEHICLE AGE - July 1
A<[e __ tX£51§i_ £HJ^!§,!i!iLJ5i.
1 ' 18*400
2 73bOO
3 136738
« 216275
S 279S62
6r 33bl7B
7 38fc«SO
6 H320SO
9 H73U2S
10 511725
11 5<47825
12 582500
13 616312
14 649412
Ib 681712
16 712525
17 7U1125
18 766650
19 788137
20 806525
the cethodology for calculating average cumulative mileage
is presented in Appendix G.
-------
JV-6
SPEED CCmiECTICN FACTOR COFIFICIFNTS
FOR MiSEL-POWLFED HEAVY-DUTY VEHIC1ES
TOR ALL REGIONS MCiPT rALIFOKMJA AND HI &b-AL71?UDE
ret FL
A
L C
-C.OU3 O.OOOfc
0.720 -0.0 !>U 0. COOS'
1.000 -0.07U O.OOU
197U-1r'78
0.9HO -0.
O.OOOU
0.820 -O.OS1 C.0005
1.200 -0.072 0.0006
i.ano -o .o<*i o.oc to
1.200 -O.C72 O.OOCt
-0.068 C.OOCt
-------
TABLE IV-7
IDLE EBISSIO* RATES
HEAVI-DOTY DIESEL VEHICLES
FOR ALL AREAS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AMD HIGH-AlfITODE
POLLUTAIT
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
NOX
VOX
vox
vox
NODEL TEAR
PBE-1971
1974-1978
1979-1982
1983 +
P8E-197U
197«-1978
1979-1982
1983 +
PRE-1974
197H-T978
1979-198M
198S +
HEW fEHICLE
EHISSIO* RATE
0.50
0.40
O.ftO
0.25
1.32
o.ee
0.66
0.66
1.11
1.00
0.99
0.27
DETERIORATION BATE
(PER 10,000 RILES)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
_
The Idle Emission Factor is calculated fton
the linear equation C » a + b¥. where C is the
idle emission factor for a vehicle with
cumulative aileage K, a and b are the factors
listed in the above table, and 1 = R/10000.
-------
TABLE IV-8
COEFFICIEHTS FOB AVG. WEIGHT AMD AVG. WEIGHI/C1D
FOB D1ESEL-POWEBED HEAVI-DOTY VEHICLES
FOB ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFOBKIA AND HIGH-ALTITUDE
| HIDE OCA BBOBS
HO DI 1I1A81bObtb 2
PBE-197«I
197H*
2.0S8 -0.005 -0.01M
0.893 0.015 -0.006
CAB BO it H010XIDE
bO bl b2"
-0.533 -0.030 0.0ft3
-0.299 0.030 0.003
MITBOGE»OXIDES
0.085 0.020 0.002
0.138 0.023 0.001
P(lpnoq) = bO * b1(WT/tOOO) + b2(MT/ClD)
This correction factor is applicable only to diesel-powered HDYs with
weights ranging fro* 19000 to 55000 pounds and CID of 540 to 600.
-------
TABLE V-l
EXHAUST ERISSIOR BATES
ROTORCYCLES
FOB ALL ABEAS EXCEPT CALIFOBRIA AND HIGH-ALTITODE
POLLUTANT
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
•ox
BOX
•OX
•Ox
~
HODEL TEAS
PBB-1978
1978-1979
1980-1982
1983+
PBE-1978
1978-1979
1980-1982
1983*
PRE-1978
1978-1979
1980-1984
198S +
i A IGfl^5iiIl_J
~~IEW VEHICLE
ERISSIOI BATE
8.96
ft. 70
3.82
0.29
34.40
20.27
14.86
2.71
0.14
0.28
0.56
0.04
DETER10BATIOH BATE
(PEB 10,000 RILES)
^*
T.17
1.03
1.03
0.23
1.54
4.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
The Exhaust Emission Factor is calculated tiom
the linear equation C = a « bY. where C is the
exhaust emission factor for a vehicle with
cunulative nileage R. a and b ace the factors
listed in the above table, and I = H/10000.
-------
TAbLF, V-2
FACTORS FOR MOTORCYCLES
«1D-TEAR EXHAUST iniS
HYDROCARHOKS
FOK ALL REGIONS tXCEPT CALIFGH1IIA AND H i CH -A LTITU D I
jr-or.f LI
*FAfc (1970
m 1
IS* 2
1952
1954
1955
19*f
1957
iq^f
1559
19t C
15f 1
15t 2
15f 3
19fck
19* 5
T O t, ti
I J W C)
15* 7
19( f
19^
197C
197 1
1972
1973
197*4
1975
197f
1577
197 f
1979
19f C
19^1
19fc 2
19^3
19P5
19P*
12. it
12.2
12.1
1 1.9
11.8
11.6
11.5
11.3
11.2
1 1.0
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.3
10. 1
9.9
9.7
9.5
9.2
9.0
: *9» 7j
I 1s'! f. J
(19;-"!
1971
12. a
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
11. fc
11. S
11.3
11.2
11.0
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.3
10. 1
9.9
9.7
9.5
9.2
9.0
1972
12. 4
12.2
12. 1
11.9
1 .fc
l.b
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.0
10 . 9
10.7
10.5
10.3
10.1
5.9
9.7
5.5
9.2
9.0
CA LF,
1973 197U
12. «
12.2 12. 4
12.1 12.2
11.9 12.1
1 1 . fc 11.9
11. fv 1 1 .8
11.5 1 1 .fc
11.3 1 1.5
11.2 11.3
11.0 11.2
10.9 11.0
10.7 10.9
10.5 10.7
10.3 1C . 5
10. 1 1C. 3
9.9 10.1
9.7 9.5
9 . f 9.7
q . 2 9.5
9.0 9.2
9.C
MDAF 1EA8 -
197L 197fc
12. a
12.2
12.1
1 1.5
11. b
11.6
11.5
11.3
11.2
11.0
10. S
1 0 . 7
10.5
If .3
10. 1
9.9
9.7
9.5
9. 2
9. C
*
12. i.
12.2
12. 1
11.9
11. b
11. fc
1 1 .5
11.3
11.2
11.0
10.9
1C. 7
It) . b
10.3
10. 1
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.2
9.0
Julj 1
1977
12. i*
12.2
12.1
1 I.*1
1 l.fc
1 l.b
11.5
11.3
11.*
1 1 .t
10.5
10.7
10.5
10.3
10.1
5 .5
9.7
0 I
* — '
9.2
9.0
1978
12. U
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
1 1 .6
11.5
11.3
11.2
n.o
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.3
10. 1
9.9
9.7
9.5
9.2
4.8
1979
12. U
12.2
12.1
11.9
11. b
11. b
11 .5
11.3
11 .2
11.0
10. <
10. 7
1L . s
10.3
10. 1
9.9
9.7
5.5
4.9
«.fc
1980
12.4
12.2
12.1
11.9
1 1 .8
1 1 .b
11 .5
11 .3
11.2
1 1 .0
10.9
TO./
10.5
.0.3
10.1
9.9
9.7
5.2
" .9
3.9
IVt 1
12.4
U .2
U.I
11.9
11. b
11. t
11 .5
1 1.3
1 1 .2
1 1.0
1C.1*
10.7
10.5
10.3
10. 1
9.9
b.4
5.2
4.0
3.5
*j;fISSIOH FACTORS FOB VEHICLES THROUGH HODEL YEAR 1975 AND THROUGH
CAltKDAR YFAfi 1975 ARE BASEl OX ACTUAL TESTS OF 1U - US E »EHICLES.
I-CST-197S CJlLEHDAR YEAB tHISSlOH FACT01.S FOP ALL VI.H1CLES ARE PROJECTED.
-------
TABLE V-2 (FOF CALENDAR 1EARS 1982-1993)
BID-YEAR EXHAUST EBISSIOW FACTORS FOB BOTORCICLES
HYDROCARBONS (GB/fflJ
FOR ALL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
RODELj
TEAB
-
19fc3|
19661
19651
1966|
19671
19681
19691
1970|
1971|
1972|
1973J
197ftf
19751
1976|
1977J
1978|
1979|
19801
1981|
1982|
1983J
198ft|
19851
1986f
1987|
19881
1989|
1990|
1991|
1992|
1993|
1982
12. ft
12.2
12.1
1 .9
1 .8
1 .6
1 .5
1 .3
1 .2
1 .0
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.3
10.1
5.6
5. a
ft. 3
1.0
3.9
1983
12. ft
12.2
12.1
IT. 9
11.8
11.6
11.5
11.3
It. 2
11.0
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.3
5.7
5.6
ft. 5
ft. 3
ft.O
0.3
198ft
12. ft
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
11.6
11.5
11.3
»1.2
11.0
10.9
10.7
10.5
5.9
5.7
ft. 7
ft. 5
ft. 3
0.3
0.3
1985
12. ft
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
11.6
11.5
11.3
11.2
11.0
10.9
10.7
6.1
5.9
ft. 9
ft. 7
ft. 5
O.ft
0.3
0.3
CALENDAR TEAB - July 1
1986 1987 1988 1989
12. ft
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
11.6
11.5
11.3
11.2
11.0
10.9
6.2
6.1
5.0
ft. 9
ft.7
O.ft
O.ft
0.3
0.3
12. ft
12.2
12.1
11.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.0
6. ft
6.2
5.2
5.0
ft. 9
0.5
O.ft
O.ft
0.3
0.3
12. ft
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
11.6
11.5
11.3
11.2
6.5
6. ft
5.3
5.2
5.0
0.5
0.5
O.ft
O.ft
0.3
0.3
12. ft
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
11.6
11.5
11.3
6.7
6.5
5.5
5.3
5.2
0.6
0.5
0.5
O.ft
O.ft
0.3
0.3
1990
12. ft
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
11.6
11.5
6.8
6.7
5.6
5.5
5.3
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
O.ft
O.ft
0.3
0.3
1991
12. ft
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
11.6
6.9
6.8
5.8
5.6
5.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
o.«
O.ft
0.3
0.3
1992
12. ft
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
7.1
6.9
5.9
5.8
5.6
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
O.ft
O.ft
0.3
0.3
1993
12. ft
12.2
12.1
11.9
7.2
7.1
6.0
5.9
5.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
O.ft
O.ft
0.3
0.3
4ERISSIOI FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH HODEL TEAR 1975 AMD THROUGH
CALENDAR TEAR 1975 ABE BASED Oil ACTUAL TESTS OF II-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR TEAR ERISSIOH FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PIOJECTED.
-------
TABLE ¥-3
BID-YEAR EXBADST EBISSION FACTORS FOR BOTORCYCLES
CAR BOM nOlOXIDE (GO/HI)
FOR AL1 REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AND RICH-ALTITUDE
(BOCEL
(YEAR
1
|1951|
|1952|
119531
»1955|
|1956|
I1957J
J1958I
|1959|
1 1960)
119611
J1962I
|1963|
|1964|
|1965|
|1966l
I1967J
(19681
(19691
|1970|
M971I
|1972|
M973J
| 1974 |
|1975|
|1976|
119771
|1978|
| 1979|
11960!
|1981!
|1982|
|19B3!
f1986|
f 1987|
{ 1988|
I 19P9J
I 1990|
1
[1970
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35. H
35.1
31.7
3ft. 5
1971
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35.4
35.1
31.7
31.5
1972
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35.1
35.1
34.7
34.5
1973
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35.4
35.1
34.7
31 .5
CALENDAR YEAR - July 1
1974 1975 1976 1977
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35.4
35.1
34.7
34 .5
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35.4
35.1
34.7
34.5
*
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
J8.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35.4
35.1
34.7
34.5
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35.4
35.1
34.7
34.5
1978
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35.4
35.1
34.7
20.5
1979
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35.4
35.1
21.1
20.5
1980
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
35.4
22.1
21.1
15.1
1981
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
36.0
35.7
22.9
22.1
15.7
15.1
*iniSSIOII FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH RODEL YEAR 1975 AMD THROUGH
CALENDAR YEAR 1975 ARE BASED 01 ACTUAL TESTS OF II-USE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR YEAR EBISSION FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ABE PROJECTED.
-------
TfiFLE V-i (FOK CALENDAR TEARS 19^.2-1(9^3}
flID-TEAR EXHAUST .EMISSION JACTORS FOR BOTORCTCLES
CAShON KONGXIDE {GB/HJJ
FOB ALL REGIOUS EXCEPT CALIFOHHIA AND HICK-ALTITUDE
flOFEl
YOR
I
19t 3|
T965J
1967f
1968J
1970|
1971J
1972?
I973J
1974 |
1975|
197fcJ
1977J
197Rf
1979|
1 9 1 0 I
1981J
1982 J
19P3J
I9P4 j
19t5f
198f }
19f 7|
1 9 £ B S
t M ^* *5 i
"I Q Q f\ I
199 1 1
1992?
{1993!
1
|1982
38.9
33.7
38.5
38,3
37.9
31.7
37^3
37,1
36.9
36.7
36,5
36.2
36.0
2 J.fc
i 2,9
16.6
15.7
15.1
1983
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.5
36.2
24 . 3
23,6
17B5
l&.fc
15,7
2.8
1984 1985
38.9
38.7
38. S
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
36 . 7
36.5
25,0
24.3
T8.2
77.5
Ife.fc
3.1
2. .8
38
38
38
38
38
37
37
37
37
37
36
3fc
25
,?5
18
18
17
3
3
2
.9
.7
t,
• ~*
.3
.1
.9
.7
.5
.3
.1
.9
.7
.6
„ 3
,9
,2
.S
.b
. 1
. iJ
CALFJI
38.9
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
57,7
37.5
37.3
37.1
36.9
26.2
2 5 . 6
19.6
re .9
18.2
tt.O
3.6
3*1
2.8
CAR YESR - July 1
1987 1988 1989
38.9
38.7
38.5
38 . 3
38, J
37.9
37,7
37.5
37.3
37.1
26.8
26.2
20. 2
19.6
18.9
H c<4
4.0
3.6
3. l
2.8
38.7
38,5
.38.3
38. 1
37.9
37.7
37.5
37. J
27.3
2 If. 8
20. 8
FC ON ACTUAL TEST'S
POST- 1975 CALIWDSB Ji'ftri 'Eili5>>C-rt f ft <.."',»-,•> "C",
?97!> ftMD THBOUGH
OF I* -USE ^EHICtES,
? 1, ,, '.'I'.U'IFS &KI r^.^
-------
TABLE V-«i
niD-IElB EXHAUST EHISSIOS FACTORS FOB HOTORCYCLES
KITBOGE* OXIDES (GH/HI)
FOR »LL REGIONS EXCEPT CALIFOBNIA AID HICB-ALT1TODE
BOD EL|
IEAB I
1951|
19521
1953J
1S5«M
1955|
1956|
1957|
1956J
1959 |
1960J
1961f
1962J
19631
196U|
19651
19t6|
1967J
1968|
I969J
1970S
197Tf
19?2{
19731
19?i*J
19751
197fc|
1977J
1978J
19791
1980|
1981|
19? 2f
19P3|
198*» {
1985|
1986 |
1987!
196E j
19891
1990f
1970
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.t
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
1971
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
1972
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.i
o.i
o.i
0.1
o.i
o.i
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.i
o.i
o.t
o.i
0.1
o.i
1973
0.1
o.i
o.i
o.i
o.i
o.i
0.1
o.i
o.i
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
o.i
CALEHDAE YEAR - July 1
197U 1975 1976 1977
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
o.i
o.i
0.1
0.1
O.I
0.1
0.1
0,1
0.1
0.1
o.i
o.i
o.i
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
0. 1
0.1
0. 1
o.i
0.1
0.1
0. 1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
*
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0. 1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
o.i
0,1
0.1
0. 1
o.i
0.1
0.1
0. 1
o.i
o.i
o.i
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.i
o.i
0.1
o.i
0.1
o.i
o.t
0.1
1978
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0. 1
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0. 1
0. 1
0.1
0,3
1979
0.1
o.i
o.i
o.i
0. 1
0.1
0.1
0. 1
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0. 1
0,1
0.1
0. 1
0.1
0,3
0,3
1980
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.i
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0*1
0,1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0,3
G«3
O.fe
1981
0.1
0. 1
o.t
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0,3
0.6
0.6
*EFJSSIOM FACTORS FOR VEHICLES THROUGH HODEL YEAR 197b AMD THROUGH
CALFBDAR YEAB 1975 ABE BASED OH ACTUAL TESTS OF IK-DSE VEHICLES.
POST-1975 CALENDAR TEAR ERISSIOK FACTORS FOR ALL VEHICLES ARE PROJECTED,
-------
TABLE ?-
-------
TAB1E Y-5
TRAVEL WEIGHT IMG TACTOB CALCU1ATIO*
HOTOHCTCLES
Yeh icle
Age
1
2
3
it
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
(a)
Fraction Total
Reqf yt rat ion
0^10 5
0.225
0.206
0,149
0.097
0.062
0.046
0.033
0.029
0.023
0.008
0.005
0.013
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(b)
Annual Mileage
Accumulation Rate
2010
2510
2070
1850
mo
1620
1550
1490
1430
1390
1350
1320
1290
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SUB
211.0
564.7
126 .4
275.6
166.8
100.<4
71.3
49.2
41.5
32.0
10.8
6.6
16.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0*0.
1973.2
Tjc aje.l_F.ra c t^o n
0.107
0.286
0.216
O.UO
0.085
0.051
0.036
0.025
0.021
0.016
0.005
0.003
0.006
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-------
TABLE ¥-51
AVERAGE CUMULATIVE RILEAGE
Bl VEHICLE AGE - Jaly 1
HOTOBCICLES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
to
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
503
2073
4465
6563
8424
10147
11771
13322
14812
16245
17635
18986
20306
21597
22867
24117
25349
26569
27779
28979
The methodology foe calculating average cunulative nileage
is presented in Appendix G.
-------
TABLE »-6
General Formula for Ripstwx
The general foriula for the speed-te»perature-hot/cold correction
factor* Ripstwx,. for BOTOBCTCIES is given by:
Kipst»x = (BAG1TEBH_ + BAG3TERB * BAG2TEBH)
DE»OP!
where (using * for multiplication and exp for exponential function):
c * d*A)*(v(2.s1)/v(2,26))
e « f*A)*(v(g,s3)/v{g»26))
h * j*A}*(v(g.s2)/v(g,16))
w
X
BAG1TEBH =
BAG3fEiB *
BAG2TEBH - (1-w-x)*(
DENOn = (dO * d1*A)
* (exp (a-b*T)
* (
w -•- fraction of total ailes which are driven in cold start condition
x - fraction of total eiles which are driven in hot start condition
T = arbient teaperatare (F)
A = vehicle age minus 1. in years
g = index for «odel-jear/tegion groups; see Table l-6a
&1,s2,s3 = average speeds (niles/hour) for bags 1, 2r and 3
v(g,si) = bag-specific speed correction factor; see Appendix B
and where:
a,t„crd,e,f,h,j,dO, and dl are constant coefficients which are
functions of aodel-year group and pollutant, as follows:
Pol
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
•ox
• OX
»0x
iOs
iEqn
1
2
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
Jt
a
2.9310
2.9310
2.4339
1.9934
5.6548
5.6548
5.5460
4.2391
-100.
-100.
- too „
-100.
1 .. _
b |
.0147791
.0147791
.023591
.022269)
.015965
.0159651
.028945J
,017522j
0.0 1
0.0 {
0.0 1
0,0 i
\
\ c | d i e
| .673| .569J 4.75
| -2.41| .863| 2.43
| .623| .301J 1.11
-.032| ,445| .497
_ - -( |
|-14. 74J 9.62| 42.84
-33.89J 9.77J 25.26
| 11.29J 4.24| 15.85
| -.20 I fe.99| H.12
1.14 | 0.0 | 1.25
1 1.16 f 0.0 | 1.26
i 3X21 § .335f 2.99
3. OS I «,318| 2.88
f i . i
t \
.3931
.555
.284
.357|
5.76
4.71|
2.34
2.20
0.0 |
0.0
.184J
.180
I
h
_
5.69
1 2.61
1.05
[ .243
[ 57.57
35.90
1 21.17
[ 3.96
! 0.81
I 0.80
1.89
2.01
\ _
j I dO | dl i
.4711 5.67| .47|
.597t 2.80| .64|
.270J 1.38| .28|
.175| .54| .28|
7.74t56.43|7.59|
6. 70J36. 40|6.79|
3.13f23.70|3.14|
2.12| 6.9813.141
0.0 | 1.0 | O.Of
0.0 I 1.0 | 0.0|
.116J 2.47| .18|
.126| 2.461 .18|
— 1 I _I
1
1f« m
t
2
3
4
§
a.
i
i
*"
i
i
i
i
_J_
Used tor Kodel Years:
For HC and CO | For ROx
l-r*-1978
Post- 1977
»ot Used
Net Used
Pre-1978
Post-1977
Rot Used
lot Os ed
-------
TABLE V-6a
Specification of Speed Terns (Vg)
Used in the General Formulas tot Ripstvx
nOTORCYClES
FOB ALL AREAS EXCEPT CALIFORNIA AID HIGH-ALTITUDE
Veha£le_Grou£ §££U£ J|ej[erenc_e (3^
Lea-Altitude Pre-1978 Group 2
Low-Altitude 1978* Group 17
-------
TA8LE ¥-7
IDLE EHI5SION BATES
ROTORCYCLES
FOB All AREAS EICEPT CALIFORIIA AND HIGH-ALTIIODE
POLLUTABT
_-...„ — — ~~_-.
HC
HC
HC
HC
CO
CO
CO
CO
MOX
MOX
VOX
MOX
HODEL TEAK
PRE-T978
1978-1979
1980-1982
1983*
PHE-1978
1978-1979
1980-1982
1983*
PRE-1978
1978-1979
1980-198«l
1985*
MEW VEHICLE
EBISSIOV BATE
«.05
2.12
1.72
0.13
8.27
•1.87
3.57
0.65
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.01
DETERIORATION BATE
(PER 10,000 RILES)
0.3fc
0.62
0.62
0.10
1.28
1.12
1.12
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
The Idle Enission Factor is calculated Icon
the linear equation C * a * bY, where C is the
idle emission factor for a vehicle with
cunulative mileage H, a and b are the factors
listed in the above table, and Y = M/10000.
-------
TABLE V-8
Crankcase and Evaporative BC Emission Factors
(gs/ai)
HOfOBCYCLES
FOR ALL ABBAS EICEPT C&LXFOKHIA AMD B1GH-A1TITUDE
Ho4el_Tc
-------
APPENDIX A
Selected Speed Correction Factors
-------
Group BQ»her
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group
-------
SELECTED SPEED CORRECTIOI FUCTOBS - * (ges)
POl
HC
HC
HC
BC
RC
HC
HC
RC
RC
HC
HC
BC
HC
HC
HC
HC
HC
8C
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
MOx
MOx
MOx
MOx
MOx
BOX
MOx
MOx
NOx
MOx
KOx
MOx
MOx
MOx
MOx
NOx
MOx
MOx
GR
1
2
3
4
5
f,
7
8
9
10
It
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
5.0
3.107
3.297
3.083
3.470
3.419
3.123
3 . 160
2.700
2.902
3.040
2.798
2.928
2.705
3.276
2.815
2.763
3.963
3.194
2 .339
3 .319
3 .656
3.621
4.554
4.511
4.174
2.345
2.277
2.541
2.516
2.885
3.791
4.056
2.599
3.386
4.239
2.988
1.505
1.242
0,990
1.063
0.978
0.927
1.003
1.264
1.143
1.324
1.181
1.014
0.589
0.999
1.082
0.856
0.808
0.816
10.
1.679
1*749
1.708
1.808
1.773
1.694
1.709
1.548
1.599
1.650
1.571
1.624
1.547
U726
1.582
1.576
U931
U708
1.463
1 ,,751
1.857
1.845
2.120
2.103
2.003
1.418
1.395
1.488
1.474
1,540
t.916
1.950
1.459
1.746
1.980
1.58 1
1.060
T.031
0.946
0.992
0.970
0.924
0.949
1.006
0.967
0.998
0.981
0.860
0.806
0.903
0.907
0.943
0.864
0.819
15 .
1.201
1.224
1.218
1.246
1.231
1.208
1.215
1.160
1.169
1.191
1. 169
1.186
1.164
1.217
1.172
1,181
1.285
1.228
1.142
1.225
1.251
1.253
1.329
1.326
1.299
1.121
1.1 13
1.1t49
1. t48
1.149
1.291
1.281
1.127
1.239
1.293
1.183
0.940
0.974
0.960
0.980
0.981
0,956
0.960
0.944
0.944
0.930
0.946
0.887
0.934
0.924
0.909
0.986
0.934
0.897
20.
0.987
0.986
0.985
0.984
0.985
0.987
0.986
0.991
0.988
0.990
0.990
0.990
0.987
0 . 986
0. 990
0.989
0.981
0.984
0.991
0.986
0.985
0.984
0.979
0^979
0.975
0.992
0..993
0..990
0,S989
0.991
0.980
0..982
0..992
0.985
0,. 981
0.986
1.009
1.004
1.004
1.003
1.002
1.004
1.004
1.008
1.007
1.010
1.007
1.012
1.004
1.008
1.010
1.001
1.006
1.009
SPEll
25.
0.859
0.844
0.840
0.821
0.834
0.653
0.845
0.890
0.889
0 .870
0.878
0.873
0.869
0.845
0.877
0.849
0.784
0.803
0.889
0 .841
0.838
0.824
0.780
0.777
0.776
0.905
0.912
0.873
0.863
0.892
0.771
0.804
0.900
0.797
0.782
0.821
1.161
1 .073
1.058
1.038
1.026
1.056
1.059
1.128
1. 105
1.153
1. 109
1.174
1.043
1.112
1. 148
1.002
1.069
1.124
) (HPH)
30.
0.761
0,740
0.732
0.700
0.720
0.754
0.740
0.813
0.817
0.778
0.789
0.785
0.770
0.736
0.789
0.731
0.635
0.653
0.803
0.733
0.738
0.707
0.644
0.637
0.633
0.826
0.840
0.769
0.746
0.805
0.612
0.675
0.8 14
0.643
0.63M
0.671
1.319
1.146
1.109
1.075
1.049
1.102
1.110
1.255
1.201
1.296
1.214
1.330
1.070
1.209
1.280
1.000
1.121
1.222
35.
0.684
0.659
0.649
0.606
0.630
0.677
0.658
0.750
0.759
0.705
0.717
0.714
0.690
0.651
0.719
0.637
0.523
0.540
0.733
0.650
0.664
0.619
0.543
0.532
0.527
0.760
0.779
0.684
0.650
0.730
0.496
0.578
0.739
0.529
0.525
0.557
1.439
1.203
1.150
1.105
1.070
1.141
1.150
1.359
1.275
1.411
1.300
1.454
1,097
1.2B2
1.382
1.002
1.161
1.294
to.
0.629
0.600
0.590
0.538
0.565
0.622
0.600
0.706
0.716
0.653
0.668
0.664
0 .636
0.590
0.671
0,575
0.447
0.468
0.686
0.591
0.609
0.556
0.469
0.457
0.453
0.716
0.742
0.628
0.590
0.679
0.420
0.510
0.690
Oa460
0.454
0.492
1.510
1.239
1.182
1.129
1.091
1.173
1.180
1.429
1.323
1.481
1.361
1.542
1.132
1.332
*.451
1.014
1.193
1 .344
15.
0.598
0.564
0.553
0.497
0.526
0.590
0.567
0 .,6 85
0.693
0.625
0.646
0..639
0.6 11
0.555
0..648
0.546
Q.,401
0.433
0..666
0,556
0..574
0.517
0 .417
0 .407
0 .406
0 .702
0.736
0.607
0.566
0.659
0 .378
0 .470
0.675
0.428
0.4 15
0.475
1.549
1.265
1.213
1.152
1.115
1.206
1.207
1.477
1.358
1.526
1.407
t«606
1.175
1.370
1.501
1.036
1.226
1.386
50.
0,585
0.547
0.531
0.472
0.504
0.575
0.551
0.683
0.688
0.615
0.640
0.632
0.604
0.539
0.64U
0.534
0.373
0.4 16
0.664
0,538
0.555
0.493
0.384
0.374
0.376
0.710
0.754
0.607
0.564
0.660
0.354
0.452
0.681
0.4 12
0.395
0.477
1.606
1.306
.258
.189
.15.1
.250
.250
.531
1.406
1.584
1.463
1.678
1.221
1.421
1.51.3
1.067
1.274
1.446
55.
0.571
0,530
0.500
0.445
0.479
0.556
0.528
0.678
0.683
0.6CI3
0.619
0.622
0.581
0.520
0.632
0.501
0.337
0 . 37 5
0.648
0.517
0,544
0.465
0.358
0.345
0.341
0.700
0.756
0.5S8
0.531
0.646
0.323
0.437
0.660
0.361
0.364
0.433
1.761
1.404
1.3*1
1.257
1.208
1.323
7.331
1.641
1.5T1
1.723
1.570
1.810
1.258
1.526
1.691
1.103
1.353
1.560
60.
0.516
0.481
0.426
0.381
0.414
0.494
0.459
0.622
0.640
0.546
0.528
0.563
0.485
0.457
0.557
0 .387
0.258
0.261
0.559
0.4b3
0.517
0.399
0.323
0.299
0.273
0.599
0.661
0.677
0.394
0.542
0.245
0.392
0.529
0.228
0.279
0.264
2,126
1.615
1,490
1.384
1.298
1.445
1.483
1.877
1.733
2.034
1.787
2.C70
1 ,268
1 .,737
1 .934
1 . 1.ff>
1 .486
1.777
-------
SELECTED Si*£tiJ i. O R& t" C'T iuM FACTORS - -*{gss5
M'titD {J*PH}
POL G» 6,0 11. 16, 21. 26. 31. 36, 41. 46. SI. 56, 61.
KC 1 2.662 1.544 1.U6 0.957 0.837 0.7*4 0.671 0,621 0,59ft 0.583 0,565 0.496
HC 2 2.816 1,601 1,163 Q.953 O.«21 0.722 0,6*s5 0.591 0.560 0.544 0.524 0 ,,464
»C 3 2.662 1.572 1.159 0.951 O.e»6 0.753 G»6 0,fe2*4 0.71C 0.622 0.567 0S543 0.531 0.437 0.352
HC 17 3.309 1.748 1,209 0,937 0.751 0,610 0.505 0.435 0,395 0.368 Q .32fe 0.235
HC 18 2.717 1.573 1.169 0.945 0.771 0.627 0R522 O.U59 0,429 Q.t*11 0,359 0.229
CO I 2.105 1,373 1.104 0,'J66 O.£?t 0.788 0.721 O.fcSO 0.665 0,663 0.638 0.527
CO 2 2.829 1.602 1.163 0.9S2 0,81? 0.715 0.636 0.582 C.,532 0..535 0.509 0.432
CO 3 3.096 1.685 1.187 0,950 0,8'5 0.722 0.651 0,,bOO 0,569 0,553 0,541 Oa507
CO 4 3.063 1.678 1.184 0.9*6 0,798 0»fc88 0,605 0^547 0,511 0,489 0.456 0.379
CO 5 3.784 1,896 1.238 0.932 0.749 0.621 0.52fe 0.45? 0.409 O.J78 0.352 Q.,313
CO 6 3.745 1.882 1.237 0,931 0,>4fc 0,613 0,515 0.445 0.399 0.369 0.338 0.285
CO 7 3.482 1.804 t»217 0,929 0.74*1 0.609 0.509 On441 0.399 0.370 0.331 0.254
CO 8 2.054 1.333 1.088 0.973 0,889 0.812 Q.7<5<9 0.711 0,703 0.711 0.690 0.562
CO 9 2.001 1.313 1,082 0.975 0,898 0.827 0.770 0.73B 0,739 0.758 0.747 0.623
CO tO 2.208 1.392 1.110 0,965 0,852 0,750 0,670 0,622 0,606 0.&0? 0.576 00440
CO 11 2,183 1.381 1.110 0,963 0,S39 0.724 0,635 0.582 0 ,S6S 0.562 0.51*1 0.3S2
CO 12 2.447 1.425 1.107 G»9fc9 0,B?« 0,788 0.11? 0.672 0 «,t»58 0.661 0,635 0.505
CO 13 3.196 1,742 1.215 0.933 0.735 0.585 0.477 0.409 0.372 0.350 0.312 0,222
CO 14 3,383 1.759 1.204 0.941 0.7/5 0»6S3 0.562 0,500 6,46S Q.4S9 0,432 0.376
CO 15 2.228 1,361 1.092 0,972 0.882 0,797 0*72? 0,684 0.6 IS 0.681 0,645 0.485
CO 16 2.850 1.603 1,178 Q.5-44 0.7*,:; 0.617 O.bU 0.&15? 0.425 0,406 0.342 0,194
CO 17 3.500 1.78J 1.214 0.9JS 0.749 0,609 0.500 C»*<4»s 0,411 0.391 0.353 0.253
CO 18 2.516 1,465 1U137 0.952 0,789 0.644 0.540 0.486 0.475 0,575 0.410 0,220
WOx 1 1.382 1.015 0.943 1,036 1.193 1.347 1.456 1.520 U5S? 1.626 ?,813 2,236
*0x 2 t.,184 1.010 0.975 T.OIfc t.,089 1.159 1.2M 1,244 1.271 1.320 1.435 1.677
HO* 3 0.975 0.945 0.967 1,015 1.069 1.718 1. 1 .V/ 1,188 1,220 1.271 1.364 t.53Q
HO* 4 1.043 0.986 0,983 1.009 1,04*, 1.081 1.110 1.133 1,158 1,199 1.277 1.419
WOx 5 0.975 0.971 0.985 1,006 1.030 1.053 1.074 1.095 1.121 1..K60 1.223 1.321
MOx 6 0.923 0.929 0,965 1.014 1.065 1.111 *«14& 1.179 1,213 1.262 1.343 1.478
MOif 7 0.985 0.947 0.967 1.015 1.070 1.11S falVI 1.185 1,214 1.2&2 1.354 1.525
MOx 8 1.206 0.980 0.94*» 1UQ29 1.15a 1,278 !.j?6 1.440 t.486 1,546 1.675 1.94?
»OM 9 1.092 0.952 0.951 1.025 1.125 1.217 1,286 1,331 1.365 1.421 1 _54*S 1.798
HO* 10 1.232 0.967 0.937 1,036 1.18* 1.324 !e««28 1.491 1.534 1.603 1.768 2,126
BOX 11 1.124 0.964 0.953 1,025 1.130 1.233 1.31* 1.371 1.416 K478 1.603 1.849
MO* 12 0.964 0.854 0.906 1,043 1.207 1.358 1,475 1.556 1.618 1.638 1.849 2.145
MOx 13 0.642 0.837 0.951 1.014 1.049 1.075 1.103 1.1HP 1.184 t,229 1,263 1,265
«0x 14 0.967 0.900 0.937 1,028 1.1J3 1.225 S.294 1.3*0 1.378 1.436 1,558 1,797
SOx 15 1.028 0.896 0.924 t.036 1.175 1.303 1.399 1.«fe2 1.511 1.582 1«?3G 2.030
BOx 16 0.878 0.954 0.990 1.001 1.001 1,000 1.004 1,017 1.042 1W07«5 1,110 1.141
KOx 17 C.817 0.877 0.949 1.019 1.08? I,i30 'J.lbS I.m 1.234 1.287 1»375 1.521
POx 18 0.808 0.83C 0.918 1,033 1,145 1,2318 1,306 1.352 l«39fc T.a&3 l0?S9Jf 1.838
-------
APPEIDII B
Coefficients foe the lornalized Equations
for Speed Correction Factors
-------
Hydrocarbons: *(g,s) - exp(AO + s (A T + s (*2 * s (A 3 + s(A4 * s(A5))))))
Carbon flonoxide: » (g »s) = exp(AO * s (A 1 * s(A2 + s(A3 * s(A4 * s(AS}))»)
Nitrogen Oxides: v(g,s) » (AO * s (A 1 * s (A2 * s(A3 * s (*<»))))}
where:
AO ,A 1,A2rA3,A4. and A5 ate coefficients listed in table below
g = Group laabet; see Appendix X
exp = exponential function
*(*3«s) = speed correction factor for group g at speed s
AO
A1
A2
A3
AS
GiOOP
HC =
C0=
»0x*
GROUP
HC =
CO*
MOx=
GROUP
HO
C0 =
»0x =
GROUP
BC =
C0 =
»0x =
GROUP
HC =
C0 =
WOx =
GROUP
HC =
co=
•Ox =
GROUP
HC =
C0 =
»0x*
GROUP
HO
CO*
»0x =
1
2.
1.
2.
2
2.
2.
1.
3
2.
2.
1.
ft
2.
2.
1.
5
2.
2.
1.
fc
2.
2.
9.
7
2.
2.
1.
8
2.
1.
1.
246tE*00
8198E*00
4442E*00
3103E*00
3399E*00
6863E*OQ
1656E«00
44 15E*00
1265E*00
3973E*00
4655E*00
2268E*00
4087E«00
7780E*00
0174E*QO
2322E*00
7890E*00
8760E-01
2522E*00
7074E*00
1592E*00
0278E*00
8692E+00
8866E*OQ
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-1
-2
-2
-3
-2
-3
-ft
-3
-3
-1
-2
-3
-1
-2
-3
-4
-2
-2
-1
.9097E-OI
.5466E-01
.50 tlE-01
.8957E-OT
.9698E-OI
,1830E-Ot
.6999E-01
.9147E-0 1
.9340E-02
.9998E-01
.0502E-0 1
.4498E-02
.0819E-OT
.19I3E-01
. 1896E-02
.8499 E-01
.2711E-01
.9567E-02
.8778E-01
.3T31E-OT
.4454E-02
.7305E-01
.7668E-0 1
.6129E-01
1.
U
1.
1.
1.
6.
1.
1.
2.
1.
1.
2.
1.
1.
9.
1.
1.
I.
1.
1.
2.
1.
1.
9.
5889E-02
5235E-02
3829E-02
5299E-02
6007E-02
5497E-03
4420E-02
4296E-02
6864E-03
6135E-02
605QE-02
6248E-03
6817E-02
53I8E-02
1437E-04
5383E-02
6294E-02
6964E-03
5682E-02
76T8E-02
9643E-03
5360E-02
7233E-02
0499E-03
-4
-4
-2
-4
-4
-I
-4
-3
-6
-4
-4
-5
-5
-4
-2
-4
-4
.7249E-04
.8740E-04
.8703E-04
.4669E-04
.7740E-04
.37I4E-04
.33641-04
.8785E-04
.08021-05
.8749E-04
.7397E-04
.6715E-05
.0684E-04
.2233E-04
.15741-05
.5674E-04
.6757E-04
-4.0400E-05
—4
-5
-6
-4
-5
-1
.7318E-04
.38581-04
.6899E-05
.60301-04
.5828E-04
.85611-04
6.
7.
2.
6.
7.
1.
6.
5.
«.
7.
6.
*•
7.
5.
1.
6.
6.
3.
7.
8.
5.
6.
8.
9408E-06
5821E-06
0758E-06
4818E-06
0675E-06
0085E-06
5074E-06
2978E-06
7729E-07
2909E-06
9908E-06
3429E-07
5385E-06
8495E-06
8230E-07
73491-06
7 19 IE-OS
2800E-07
079SE-06
17401-06
2236E-07
7853E-06
71681-06
32S6E-06
-3.9280E-08
-4 .4951E-08
0.00001*00
-3.6346E-08
-4.0398E-08
0.00001*00
-3.7810E-08
-2.8244E-08
0.00001*00
-4.1977E-08
-3.9976E-08
O.OOOOE*00
-4.3160E-08
-3.1497E-08
0.00001*00
-3.83801-08
-3.74401-08
0.00001*00
-4.0846E-08
-4.7780E-08
O.OOOOE+00
-3.8488E-08
-5.16981-08
0.00001*00
-------
.10
ftl
A2
GROUP
HO
CO=
I0x =
GROUP
HO
co~
*0x =
GROUP
HO
co=
*0x =
GROOP
HC =
C0 =
K0x =
GROOP
HO
C0 =
*ox=
GROUP
BO
C0=
I0x =
GROUP
BO
C0=
POX =
GROUP
HO
C0 =
M0x =
GROUP
HO
CO=
•OX-
GROUP
BO
co=
M0x=
9
2.
1.
T.
10
2.
?.
2.
11
2.
2.
».
12
2.
2.
1.
13
2.
2.
2.
14
2.
2.
1.
15
2.
2.
1.
16
2.
2.
7.
17
2.
2.
7.
18
2.
2.
9.
1506E+00
8213E+00
5578E+00
2302E*00
Q112E+00
01S2E+OQ
I
1223E+00
01S3E+00
632bE+00
1536E+00
3187E+00
1182E+00
0735E+00
5752E+00
U597E-0?
3495E+00
6845E+00
2817E*00
1 131E+00
15U9E+00
53S5E+00
1I91E+00
515bl«00
018 1E-01
6838E+00
8393E*00
8381E-01
39511+00
«t875E*00
4213E-01
-2.8362E-01
-2.7205E-01
-1.1303E~Ot
-2.936SE-01
-2.9S19E-0 1
-1.910 1E-01
-2.9107E-01
-3.1062E-01
-1.2186E-01
-2.83U5E-OT
-3.1 11SE-0 I
-1.22aiE-0 1
-2.8935E-01
-3.2889E-01
8.1T95JE-02
-3.0U96E-01
-3.3282E-01
-8.0a8?E-02
-2.8568E-01
-3.2912E-01
-1.2567E-01
-2.98b3E-01
-3.6285E-01
3.81S3I-02
-3.11b3E-01
-3.b87bE-0 1
3.2855E-01
-3.35781-01
-3.9156E-01
-1.2321E-02
1.
1.
b.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
7.
1.
2.
7.
t.
1.
-3.
1.
U
b.
1.
2.
7.
1.
2.
-1.
1.
2.
1.
2.
2.
3.
5380E-02
7030E-02
7183E-03
6210E-02
8b35E-02
1071E-02
69TOE-02
OU85E-02
Q302E-03
5700E-02
09«t^E-02
9502E-03
7300E-02
897SE-02
1081E-03
6812E-02
7b28E-02
3571E-03
6320E-02
tOTU-02
8592E-03
8150E-02
3277E-02
7391E-03
9512E-02
1078E-02
0&03E-03
TlblE-02
7072E-02
8fa25E-03
-*•
-b.
12 lUE-OU
5202E-01
b.
8.
2873E-Ob
b25t)E-06
-1.131 1E-01 1.0608E-06
-1.
~"t> m
-2.
-s.
-7.
-1.
-1.
-6.
-1.
-s.
-fe.
6.
-5.
-5.
-1.
8U15E-01
2161E-01
317SE-01
2b15E-OU
08S3E-01
Ub29E-0«4
b97b£-0«l
6S89E-01
7108E-01
bl7 1E-01
282bE-01
2988E-05
0962E-01
2ai2E-Ott
1889E-OU
-S.0079E-OU
-fe.
-1.
-b.
-8.
3.
-b.
-b.
-3.
-7.
-9.
-9.
890bE-Oft
b913E-OU
IbSlE-Ol
1SOUE-01
2felUE-OE»
2S72E-01
7b1UE-0<(
1935E-05
3155E-01
7b 18I-0«I
3985E-05
7.
t!59E-Ob
9.936bE-06
1.
e.
1.
1.
b.
1,
1.
8.
1.
-1.
7.
7.
S-
7.
1.
1.
9.
1.
-2.
9»
1.
2.
1.
I.
7.
b837E-Ob
0271E-06
tb21E-05
0611E-Ob
9383E-06
0223E-OS
2578E-Ob
bM20£-Ob
0092E-05
1397E-07
S952E-Ob
7222E-06
010bE-07
5507E-Ob
0839E-05
25U9E-0&
920bE-06
3b23E-05
0385E-07
78U1E-Ob
Ob27E-OS
9039E-07
2072E-05
bS27E-OS
5388E-07
.^^
_5
0
— U
-5
0
-4
-7
0
-3
-5
0
-b
-b
0
-U
-H
0
-1
-b
0
-b
-8
0
-5
-b
0
-7
-\
0
,tlb3 i £-08
.114UE-08
.OOOOE400
,028bE-08
.9978E-08
.0000 E+00
.7012E-08
,15b9E-08
.OOOOE+00
.9171E-08
.9827E-08
.00001*00
.1311E-08
.1273E-08
.OOOOE+00
,319bE-08
.3702E-08
.OOOOE + 00
.3719E-08
.«»7UE-08
.OOOOE + 00
.0102E-08
.SB91E-08
.OOOOE+00
.833TE-08
.3b1 IE-08
.OOOOE+00
.1857E-08
.01321-07
.OOOOE+00
-------
APPENDIX C
Calcnlat^ioa ot Rotor Vehicle Emissions
C-1
-------
§2
Calcalation of Regional Hydrocarbon Emissions
froa notor Vehicles
* • i5!.£££LSi£t ioji
This appendix to the revised motor vehicle emission
factor document presents one procedure for calculating
regionwide pollutant emissions in a step-try -step manner.,
Although most users of motor vehicle emission factors should
rely on computerized calculations, this sample calculation
•ay prove useful to those who are bee r& ing familiarized with
the methodologies presented in this document.
For this sample calculation we calculate light-duty
vehicle hydrocarbon emissions for a July day in I960. He
assume an ambient temperature of 80° F. Although this HC
calculation is not complete, it is designed to give the user
an understanding of the logical sequence of calculations.
An inventory of notor vehicle sources of hydrocarbon
emissions should include emissions from the four principal
vehicle categories: light-duty vehicles (automobiles) ; light-
duty trucks; heavy-duty gasoline-powered vehicles; and
heavy-duty diesel -powered vehicles. For each vehicle
category the composite exhaust emission factor eguatioo
presented in the corresponding chapter should be solved.
The resultant composite emission factors, multiplied by the
vehicles miles of travel (VHT) for the respective vehicle
categories, yield the hydrocarbon exhaust emissions from tfee
vehicle groups. Fox total hydrocarbon emission estimates,
the crankcase and evaporative HC emissions must also tee
C-2
-------
calculated and added to the exhaust HC emissions estimates.
Before determining what data are required, the user
should review the FTP conditions under which vehicles ate
tested in order to ascertain whether these conditions differ
from the area-specific ambient temperature, average speeds,
and vehicle operating nodes. (See Introductions to Chapters
I, II. III. and 1VJ.
The user should determine the following area-specific
data:
1. Ambient temperature.
2. Age-specific percent of annual travel for each
vehicle category.
3. The VBT or vehicle counts and link lengths by
various transient speed categories (e.g., by 10
nph increments).
4. Percent of VRT in cold start and hot start modes
for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
5. Any other data required to utilize additional,
optional correction factors. (For this sample
calculation, all other factors are assumed to
natch FTP conditions.)
C-3
-------
III. Dat^a Osed to Calculate Beajonwide HC
For this sample calculation, the following conditions
are applicable;
t. ambient tewperature is 80° F.
2. National statistics on average annual mileage and
vehicle tegisttation by model year will be used.
3. The hydrocarbon emissions will be calculated for
only one speed category (30 i«ph}. In actuality,
emissions should be calculated foe selected speed
categories, each speed category having an
associated trip length. Prom transportation data
fron our hypothetical region, the average trip
length for a speed of 30 *ph is 6 miles.
<4, The percentages of VRT in the cold, stable, and
hot transient nodes are assumed to be UO", 30%,
and 30S, respectively, for light-duty vehicles,
both catalyst and non-catalyst.
IV. Cai£uiat.i.on of ££S££site JE»ha.ust Emission Factor
The calculation of the composite exhaust hydrocarbon
emission factor for light-duty vehicles, as discussed in
Chapter I, is given fay:
Enpstwx - CipnflinRipstuxAipLpUipw
Since the correction factors for air-conditioning usage
(lip), vehicle loading (ip) , and trailer towing (Uipw) are
assuned to be equivalent to the FTP conditions, they axe set
equal to 1.0 (i.evll they have- no effect OB the calculations
and «ay be disregarded).
C-4
-------
Only three factors are of concern in this sample
calculation; (1) the FTP mean emission factot (Cipn) ; (2)
the fraction of annual travel (Rin) ; and (3) the correction
factor for speed, temperature, and vehicle operating nodes
(Ripstwx) . Refer to Chapter I for a full explanation of the
composite enission factor equation.
-------
Step 1. Cipn — FTP Eaigsign Factor
The FTP Bean enissioo factors for light-dutj vehicles
are the eaission rates per unit Bile assuming FTP
conditions. These values are given in Table 1-2 loi:
hydrocarbons.
These Cipn values can be listed as shown in the
following table, which will be used to calculate the
composite exhaust emission factor.
The following steps, and subsequent completion of the
table, will adjust the FTP >ean emission factors for non-FTP
conditions.
C-6
-------
Table C-l
Calculation of Coaposite Exhaust
Hydrocarbon Emission Factor for Light-Duty Vehicles
Calendar Tear 1980
Aabieot Teapeiature 80° T Avq. Route Speed 30 »ph
<«OX Cold Start/308 Hot Start
Hod el Tear
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
197ft
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
196%
1963
19*2
1961
*
-------
Step 2. Hin — l£§.£liSE P.1
In order to calculate the fraction of annual travel by
model year (Hin) , the fraction of in-use vehicles by aodel
year (vehicle age) are weighted on the basis oi annual rate
of mileage accumulation. In many cases, area -specif ic data
on automobile use and registration is readily available;.
Whenever possible, local data should be used. However, for
purposes of this sample calculation, the nationwide average
fraction of annual travel data fron Table 1-5 will be used.
The Hin values are listed on the table to be used for
calculating the composite exhaust emission factor.
C-8
-------
Table C-2
Calculation of Composite Exhaust
Hydrocarbon Enission Factor lor Light-Duty Vehicles
Calendar Year 1980
Aabient Teaperature 80° F Avg. Route Speed 30 mph
HQX Cold Start/30S Hot Start
Ripstux
Rodel Year
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
197S
19714
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
196U
1963
1962
1961
*3£
T
2
3
U
5
L
7
8
9
to
11
12
13
IK
IS
16
17
18
19
20
£lEE
0.27
1.S8
1.92
2.21
2.53
2. 81
6.88
7.«2
7.90
8.3«4
8.73
9.09
9.H3
12.«47
12.81
13.12
13,««1
13.70
13.97
1*».22
Rin
0.106
0.1
-------
Step 3. BipstHX — ?5££5£tio£ £*£tor for
Tefjjeratiijrejt and Mot/Cold HjXjt
Although the correction factor foe speed, temperaturev
and hot/cold operating node mix can be calculated Manually
using the generalized equations in Chapter 1 (Table 1-6),
the computer program available fro* EPA was used to generate
the Ripstvx values for a cold/stable/hot aix of 402/308/308,
ao anbient temperature of 80° F. and an average route speed
of 30 «ph.
The appropriate Bipstux values are listed in the
following table:
C-10
-------
fable C-3
Calculation of Composite Exhaust
Hydrocarbon Eeission Factor for Light-Duty Vehicles
Calendar Tear 1980
A*blent Temperature 80° T Avg, Route Speed 30 mph
•40% Cold Start/30% Hot Start
RodeJL Tear
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
*ge
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
£i££
0.27
1.58
1.92
2.24
2.53
2.81
6.88
7.42
7.90
8.34
8.73
9.09
9.43
12.47
12.81
13.12
13.41
13.70
13.97
14.22
Bin
0.106
0.142
0.133
0.123
0.108
0.092
0.077
0.064
0.050
0.035
0.023
0.016
0.010
0.007
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
IiE§t«
1.087
0.907
0.889
0.877
0.869
0.863
0.834
0.835
0.881
0.883
0.890
0.875
0.867
0.841
0.841
0.841
0.842
0.842
0.842
0.842
C-ll
-------
Step ft. Enpstwx — Qoajgosite Exhaust l£issioB Factor
The final step in the calculation of the composite
exhaust eaission factor for light-duty vehicles is to
•ultiply the aean emission factors and correction factors
for each nodel year and then SUB the products.
This procedure is shown in the completed table
depicting the calculation of a coaposite exhaust eaissioa
factor for light-duty vehicles. The enission factor is
expressed in naits of grans per vehicle Bile traveled.
C-t2
-------
Table C-4
Calculation of Conposite Exhaust
Hydrocarbon Emission Factor for Light-Duty Vehicles
Calendar Tear T980
Aobient Tenperature 80° f Avg. Houte Speed 30 mph
40X Cold Start/308 Hot Start
Bode! Year
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
Age
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Cifin
0.27
1.58
1.92
2.24
2.53
2.81
6.88
7.42
7.90
8.34
8.73
9.09
9.43
12.47
12.81
13.12
13.41
13.70
13.97
14.22
gin
0.106
0.142
0.133
0.123
0.108
0.092
0.077
0.064
0.050
0.035
0.023
0.016
0.010
0.007
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
RipstM*
1.087
0.907
0.889
0.877
0.869
0.863
0.834
0.835
0.881
0.883
0.890
0.875
0.867
0.841
0.841
0.841
0.842
0.842
0.842
0.842
I£i£!llJlliBlJli£§i211
0.031
0.204
0.226
0.241
0.238
0.223
0.«I45
0.397
0.346
0.258
0.180
0.125
0.081
0.077
0.047
0.030
0.025
0.024
0.023
0.019
Enpstvx = 3.237 ga/ni
C-13
-------
fable C-5
Calculation of Evaporative
Hydrocarboo Emission Factor lor Light-Dot; fehicles
Hodel fear
I960
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
197H
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
Calendar
*a«
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
19
15
16
17
18
19
20
lear
Ml
0.150
0.600
0.600
1.760
1.760
1.760
1.760
1.760
1.760
1.760
2.530
2.530
2.530
3.330
3.330
3.330
3.330
3.330
6.630
6.630
1980
Bin
0.106
0.1H2
0.133
0.123
0.108
0.092
0.077
0.064
0.050
0.035
0.023
0.016
0.0 TO
0.007
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
ifiillfii l
0.016
0.085
0.080
0.216
0.190
0.162
0.136
0.113
0.087
0.062
0.058
O.OHO
0.025
0.024
0.015
0.009
0.007
0.007
0.013
0.010
Evaporative HC Eaission Factor - 1.356 qm/mi
C-W
-------
'• £Sl£Si34* Begional HC Emissions fjLjom IDVs
(OB the preceding pages a composite emission factor was
calculated only for a speed of 30 npii. Composite emission
factors for additional speed categories should be
calculated. Multiplied by 1BT at each speed, and then summed
to represent regional emissions.)
Ion that a composite exhaust emission factor has been
calculated (ia grams/mile), we can determine the actual
hydrocarbon emissions for the tine period of concern as
follows:
Step t. Determine the total regional vehicle Biles of travel
(?BT is computed by multiplying the traffic volume
OB a given road segment by the length of that
segment), the appropriate percent^ of total VHT
represented by light-duty vehicle travel during the
July day, and the light-duty VRT for each speed
category. These categories could b« by 10 mph
increments between 5 mph and 55 mph is different
portions of the urban area (e.g.. CBD, 10 eile ring.
the rest of the area),
Step 2. The daily total hydrocarbon emissions for each speed
category egaal the SUB of the composite exhaust
eaission factor (calculated for this example to be
3.237 gm/nile for 30 »ph) and the composite
evaporative HC emission factor (calculated to be
1.3S6 ga/mi in Table C-S| . multiplied by the daiJ?
VBT for that speed category for light-duty vehicles.
ID? evaporative emissions are calculated using the
C-15
-------
RC emission rates in Table 1-8. The table following
this section illustrates the procedure for computing
the evaporative RC enission factor.
Step 3. The hydrocarbon emissions conpated in Step 2 «ay be
adjusted downward, as appropriate, if a actor
vehicle inspection and Maintenance prograa is in
effect for the region. Appendix • to 40 CPi Part
SI, as revised Hay 2, 1977, 42 federal ieq|ster
22177, presents the procedures and factors to be
used in calculating emission redaction credit fro»
I/B programs.
C-16
-------
VI. Calculate Regional HC Emissions f_ro« Ojther X«hicle
Categories
Repeat the procedures given in Sections IV and ? above
to calculate the regional hydrocarbon emissions fro* all
other vehicle categories (light-doty tracks; heavy-duty
gasoline-powered vehicles; and heavy-duty diesel-powered
vehicles), asirvo the appropriate tables aad equations in
Chapters 11. III. and If.
iote that the conposite emission factor eqaation for
heavy-duty vehicles differs fro« the light-doty vehicle
equation.
¥11. Total Regional HC Ilissions froa Botor Vehicles.
The total regional hydrocarbon emissions are determined
by siaply adding the HC emissions fro» each vehicle
category.
C-17
-------
APPENDIX D
Motor Vehicle Emission Standards
-------
APPENDIX D
VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS
One: Low-altitude
Light-duty Vehicles
Model Year
Pre-1968
1968-1969
1970- 71
1972
1973- 74
1975- 76
1977- 79
1980
1981 +
, non-California
Hydrocarbons
no standard
*410 ppm
*350 ppm
*275 ppm
V 2.2 gm/nri.
2/3.4 gm/mi .
3.4 gm/mi .
37 1 . 5 gm/mi .
1 .5 gm/mi .
0.41 gm/mi.
0.41 gm/mi.
Emission Standards
Carbon
Monoxide
no standard
Oxides of
_N_itrpge_n
no standard
*2.3% mole volume no std.
*2.0%
*1.5%
23 gm/mi .
39 gm/mi .
39 gm/mi .
15 gm/mi .
1 5 gm/mi .
7.0 gm/mi.
3.4 gm/mi .
no std.
no std.
no std.
no std.
3 gm/mi .
3 gm/mi .
2.0 gm/mi .
2.0 gm/mi .
1 .0 gm/mi .
*Emission standard varied with vehicle's cubic inch displacement; using
7-mode driving cycle test
_V Using 7-mode test
y Using 1972 FTP (constant volume sampler)
3/ Using 1975 FTP (CVS)
0-1
-------
2. Light-duty Trucks
a. LDT's less than 6000 pounds (gm/mi):
Model Year HC CO NOx
Pre-1975 Same standards as LDV's (automobiles)
1975-1978 2.0 20 3.1
1979- 82 1.7 17.9 2.3
*1983- 84 0.99 9.4 2.3
*1985+ 0.99 9.4 1.4
b. LDT's between 6001 and 8500 pounds (gm/mi):
Model Year HC CO NOx
Pre-1979 Same standards as Heavy-duty Gas Vehicles
1979- 82 1.7 17.9 2.3
*1983- 84 0.99 9.4 2.3
*1985+ 0.99 9.4 1.4
*Predicted standards
D-2
-------
3. Heavy-duty Gasoline Vehicles
Model Year Standards
Pre-1970 no standard
1970-1973 CO = 1.5% mole volume
HC = 275 ppm
NOx = no standard
1974-1978 V CO = 40 grams per brake-
horsepower-hour
2] HC plus NOx = 16 grams per bhp.-hr,
1979-1982 3/ CO = 25 gm/bhp.-hr.
4/ HC =1.5 gm/bhp.-hr.
U HC + NOx = 10 gm/bhp.-hr.
1983- 84 *CO =29.7 gm/mi.
*HC = 2.85 gm/mi.
1985+ *NOx =5.35 gm/mi.
V g/mi. equivalent standard is 159 gm/mi. CO
2J g/mi. equivalent standard is 12.4 g/mi. HC and 15.3 g/mi. NOx
y " " " " 140 g/mi. CO
4/ " " " "3.2 g/mi. HC
5/ " " " " 13.3 g/mi. NOx
*Predicted standard
D-3
-------
4. Heavy-duty Diesel Vehicles
Model Year CO HC plus NQx
Pre-1973 no std. no std.
1973 1.5% no std.
1974- 78 40 g/bhp-hr. 16 g/bhp-hr.
1979- 82 25 g/bhp-hr. 1.5g HC and lOg NOx or: 5g HC plus NOx
*1983+ Same as gasoline HDV's
5. Motorcycles
Model Year
Pre-1978
1980- 82
1980-
*1983
*1985
HC
no std.
5-14 g/km
5 g/km
0.97 g/km
0.97 g/km
CO
no std.
17 g/km
12 g/km
12 g/km
12 g/km
.NQx.
no. std.
no std.
no std.
no std.
0.14 g/km
^Predicted standards
D-4
-------
APP2VDII F
Ef J.SSJOIB Factjns £ O£ Hhtiai. Vehicles
F-l
-------
APPEMDIX
f o£ Highway I§hicles
Passenger cans, light trucks, heavy tracks, and
motorcycles comprise the four nain categories of highway
vehicles. tfithin each of these categories, engine and fuel
variations result in significantly different emission
characteristics. For example, heavy trucks may be powered
by gasoline or diesel fuel or operate on a gaseous fuel sucb
as compressed natural gas*
It is important to note that highway vehicle emission
factors change with tine and, therefore. Bust be calculated
for a specific ti»e period. The najor reason for this ti»e
dependence is the gradual replacement of vehicles without
emission control equipnent by vehicles with control
equipment, as well as the gradual deterioration of vehicles
aith control equipment as they accumulate age and Mileage.
This appendix contains average emission factors for
calendar years 1970 through 1999 for selected values of:
vehicle miles traveled by vehicle type (passenger cars,
light trucks, heavy trucks, and BOtorcy-c les) , anbient
temperature, cold/hot weighting, and average route speed.
This appendix includes one case that represents the average
national emission factors, as generated in the Federal Test
Procedure (Table F-3) , as well as twenty other scenarios
that can be used to assess the sensitivity of the composite
eaission factors to changing input conditions. All emission
factors are given in units of grass of pollutant per Mile
traveled .
F-2
-------
The emission factors given in preceding chapters ace
foe individual classes of highway vehicles, and their
application is encouraged if specific statistical data are
available for the areas under stud;. The statistical data
required include vehicle registration by model year and
vehicle type, annual vehicle mileage accunalation by vehicle
type and age, average ambient temperature, percentage of
cold engine operation by vehicle type, average route speed,
and other input data, if available, to deternine additional
correction factors. When area-specific inputs are not
available, national valaes (which are discussed in this
appendix) nay be applied.
Emission factors presented in this section are intended
to assist those individuals interested in compiling
approximate mobile source emission estimates for large
areas, such as an individual air quality region or the
entire nation.
The emission factor calculation techniques presented in
the previous chapters are strongly recommended for the
formulation of localized emission estimates required for air
quality modeling or for the evaluation of air pollutant
control strategies. Rany factors, which vary with
geographic location and estimation situation, can affect
emission estimates considerably. The factors of concern
include average vehicle speed, percentage of cold vehicle
operation, percentage of travel by vehicle category (as
listed above), ambient temperature, air conditioning usage,
vehicle load, trailer towing, and humidity. Clearly, the
P-3
-------
infinite number of variations in these factors make it
impossible to present composite mobile source emission
factors for each application. An effort has been made,,
therefore, to present average emission factors for a rang«
of conditions. The following conditions are considered for
each of these cases;
Average vehicle sjieedj, Two vehicle speeds are considered.
The first is an average speed of 19.6 mi/hr, which should be
typical of a large percentage of urban vehicle operation.
The second is an average speed of 15 mi/far, which shoald be
typical of highway or rural operation.
£l £Sil 2£££Sli5fi* Three percentages of cold
operation are considered. The first (at 19.6 ai/hr) assumes
that 20S of the automobiles and light tracks are operating
in a cold condition (representative of vehicle start-up
after a long engine-off period) and that 80S of the
automobiles and light trucks are operating in a stabilized
condition (warmed-up vehicle operation), with 27% having
started hot. This condition can be expected to assess the
engine temperature situation over a large area for an entire
day. The second situation assumes that 100% of the
automobiles and light trucks are operating in a stabilized
condition (45 mi/hr) . This might be applicable to rural or
highway operation. The third situation (at 19.6 mi/hr)
assumes that 100% of the automobiles and light trucks are
operating in • cold condition. This might be a worst-case
T-H
-------
situation around an indirect source such as a sports stadiua
after an event lets out. ID all three situations, heavy-
duty vehicles ace assumed to be operating in a hot
stabilized condition.
fil§3£ 2l !£§!*•! fel I«i»ifi£ lIE£je Three situations are
considered. The first (at both 19.6 ai/hr and 45 ai/hr)
involves a nationwide »ix of vehicle Biles traveled by
automobiles, light trucks, heavy gasoline trucks, heavy
diesel trucks, and Motorcycles. The specific percentages
are 80. 3%. 11. 6S, U.5S, 3. IS. and O.S* of total vehicle
•iles traveled, respectively. The second (at 19.6 «i/hr)
examines a nix of vehicle wiles traveled that sight be found
in a central city area. The specific percentages are 632,
325, 2.5X, 2.5S, and O.OS respectively. The third (at 19.6
di/hr) examines a «ix of vehicles that eight be found in a
suburban location or near a localized indirect source where
no heavy truck operation exists. The specific percentages
88. 2S, 11. 8S, 0.0*. O.OS, and 0.05S. respectively.
Aabient !£»E§r_a_ture^ Three situations are considered for
each scenario: an average anbient temperature of 75°F, 50°F,
or 25»r.
Each table presents composite CO, DC, and IQx factors
for one of the 21 cases discussed above for calendar years
1970-1999. The table entries were calculated using the
techniques described and data presented in the chapters
F-S
-------
which preceded this appendix. Examination of the tables can
indicate the sensitivity of the composite enission factor to
various conditions. A user who has specific data on the
input factors should calculate a composite factor to fit the
exact scenario. When specific input factor data are not
available, however, it is hoped that the range of values
presented in the tables will cover the majority of
applications. The user should be sore, however, that the
appropriate scenario is chosen to fit the situation under
analysis. In so»e cases, it is not necessary to apply the
various correction factors because the basic emission
factors (7SBF. 19.6 m/hr. 20% cold operation, nationwide
•ix of travel by vehicle category. etc.) are reasonably
accurate predictors of motor vehicle enissions on a
regionwide (urban) basis.
P-6
-------
Scenarios tor iierage High May £«I>i£i£ Ili
factors
Table
S£eedJ§£hl s£old Start SHojt Start lehj, nix
F-1
P-2
F-3
r-n
F-5
F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9
F-10
F-11
F-12
F-13
F-1%
F-t5
F-16
F-17
F-18
F-19
F-20
F-21
250
SO*
750
250
50«
7S«>
2b»
508
75«>
25">
500
750
250
50*
750
2SO
500
750
250
500
75°
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
«5.0
15.0
U5.0
20.6
20.6
20.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
20.6
20.6
20.6
TOO.O
100.0
too.o
20.6
20.6
20.6
too.o
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
27.3
27.3
27.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.3
27.3
27.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.3
27.3
27.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
1»
1*
1*
1*
1*
1»
2«
2*
2*
2*
2*
2*
3*
3*
3*
3*
3*
3*
1*
i*
1*
«1 represents 80.3S autos, 5.85 for each of the two light
truck classes, 4.5S heavy gas trucks. 3.5% heavy duty
diesels, and 0.50 motorcycle VRT.
*2 represents 63K autos, 16* for each of the tvo light
track classes. 2.5% heavy gas trucks, and 2.58 heavy
duty diesel vehicle ¥HT.
*3 represents 88.2S autos, and 5.9X for each of the
two light truck classes.
F-7
-------
T»BLE F- 1
SPEED: 19.6 H.P.H. TEHP: 25. (F)
BS: 0.803 0.058 0.058 0.0*5 0.031 0.005
* COIB START: 2G.6S
S HOT STABT: 27.3S
£1
1970
1971
1972
1973
197*
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
198*
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
199*
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
HC
13.6
12.9
12.3
11.7
11.3
10.8
10.2
9.6
9.0
8.*
7.5
6.7
5.9
5.3
*.7
*.2
3.9
3.6
3.*
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
CO
107.7
10* .5
102.3
100.7
99.8
97.6
9* .6
91.5
88.2
84.7
78.6
71.*
6*.7
57.9
51.3
*5.6
*0.7
36.7
33.*
30.8
28.9
27.5
26.*
25.6
25.0
2*.6
2*.6
2*.6
2*.6
2*.6
|OX
*.7
1.8
*.9
1.8
*»7
*.5
*.*
*.l
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.H
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
-------
T»BIE F- 2
SPEED: 19.6 B.P.H. TEBP: 50. (P) t COLD START: 20.6X
US: 0.803 0.058 0.058 0.0*5 0.031 0.005 X HOT START: 27.3X
IVtRICE fEHICLE tniSSIOM FACTORS (GH/HI)
Cl HC CO BOX
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.1
1.1
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
t.9
1970
1971
1972
1973
1971
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1981
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1991
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
12.7
12.0
11.1
10.9
10.5
10.0
9.1
8.9
8.3
7.7
6.9
6.1
5.4
1.8
1.3
3.9
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
95.2
92.2
89.9
88.1
87.1
85.2
82.2
79.0
75.7
72.2
67.0
61.1
55.6
50.0
11.5
39.8
35.7
32.1
29.7
27.5
25.9
21.7
23.8
23.0
22.5
22.1
22.1
22.1
22.1
22.1
-------
TABLE F- 3
SPEED: 19.6 H. P. H. TEHP: 75. (F)
f!S: 0.803 0.058 0.058 0.045 0.031 0.005
COLO STABT- 20.6*
X NOT STAiT; 27.31
fcfEBAGE VEHICLE EBISSIOK FACTOBS (GB/HI)
CT HC CO IOZ
1970
1971
1972
1973
197H
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1981
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1991
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
12.1
11.1
10.8
10.3
9.9
9.1
8.9
8.5
7.9
7.3
6.6
5.8
5.1
1.6
1.1
3.6
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.«t
86.9
83.9
81.6
80.0
79.0
77.0
71.3
71.1
68.3
65.2
60*6
55.5
50.6
15.7
90.9
36.7
33.0
30.0
27.6
25.6
21.2
23.1
22.2
21.5
21.1
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.7
1.8
ile
1.7
1.5
1.1
1.1
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
-------
TABLE F- H
SPEED; 19.6 B.P.H. TEBP: 25. (F)
85: 0.803 0.058 0.056 0.045 0.031 0.005
8 COLD START: 100.OS
I HOT START: 0.0*
CI
HC
CO
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
22.6
21.8
21.0
20.4
19.9
19.0
18.1
17.2
16.2
15.1
13.6
12.2
10.9
9.8
8.9
8.1
7.5
7.1
6.8
6.5
6.4
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
228.7
224.7
222.7
221.9
222.1
219.3
214.7
209.6
204.0
198.0
183.2
165.3
148.6
132.5
117.6
104.9
93.9
85.2
78.1
72.5
68.6
65.7
63.5
61.9
60.8
59.9
59.9
59.9
59.9
59.9
101
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.1
4.9
4l&
4l3
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
-------
TABLE F- 5
SPEEl : 19.6 J1.P.H. TEBP: SO. (F) % COiD SZAiT: 100.OS
US: 0.803 0.058 O.OS8 0.045 0.031 0.005 5 HOT STAfiT; O.OX
* II §* G E__ f EH 1C L E _ jni SSIO K_F A CT 0 H S _JG H/H11
NOI
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.1
4.9
4.8
<*.6
1.1
«*.3
«.*
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.a
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
CT
1970
1971
1972
1973
197*1
1975
197fe
1977
1978
1979
I960
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
HC
18.3
17.5
1€>.9
16.3
15.8
15.2
14.4
13.6
12.8
11.9
10.7
9.5
8.5
7.6
6.9
6.3
5.8
5.5
5.2
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
CO
168.1
164.7
162.7
161.7
161.5
158.7
154.1
149.0
143.3
137.4
127.1
115.3
104.5
94.1
84.6
76.6
69.8
64.5
60.0
56.5
54.0
52.1
50.6
49.4
48.6
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
-------
ISB1E F- 6
SPEED: 19.6 H.P.H. TEBP: 75. (r>
BS: 0.803 O.OS8 0.058 0.045 0.031 0.005
* COLD STJBT: 100.0*
* HOT SI»HT: 0.0-
Cf
1970
1971
1972
1973
1971
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1981
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1991
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
IS
15.3
11.6
11.0
13.1
13.0
12.5
11.9
11.3
10.7
9.9
8.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.7
5.2
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.1
1,0
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
CO
127.5
121.1
122.5
121.3
120.9
119.1
116.0
112.1
107.8
103.0
95.8
87.9
80.5
73.3
66.8
61.2
56.6
52.9
19.8
«l7.1
«t5.6
11.2
<43.0
12.1
11.5
It.O
HT.O
11.0
11.0
11.0
JIOX
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.1
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.1
1.3
<*.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.U
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.*l
2. H
2.1
2.U
2.1
2.1
-------
TABLE F- 7
SPEED: 19.6 fl.P.H. TEBP: 25. (F)
RS: 0.630 0.160 0.160 0.025 0.025 0.0
X COLD START: 20.6S
% HOT START: 27.3*
Cf
1970
1971
1972
1973
1971
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1981
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1991
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
HC
13.8
13.1
12.5
11.9
11.1
10.9
10.3
9.8
9.2
8.6
7.8
7.0
6.3
5.7
S.I
1.6
1.2
3.9
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
CO
108.0
101.1
101.8
100.0
98.9
96.6
93.8
90.9
88.0
81.8
79.5
73.5
67.9
61.9
55.9
50.1
15.3
lt.1
37.5
31.5
32.2
30.1
28.9
27.8
27.0
26.2
26.2
26.2
26.2
26.2
•2J
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.3
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
-------
TAB1E F- 8
SPIED: 19.6 H.P.H. TEBP: 50. (F) S COLD ST*HT: 20.6*
BS: 0.630 0.160 0.160 0.025 0.025 0.0 % HOT START: 27.38
AfEBiGE VEHICLE EBISSIOK FACTORS (GB/HI)
£1 HC CO 101
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.3
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1970
1971
1972
1973
1971
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1981
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1991
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
12.9
12.2
11.6
11.0
10.6
to.o
9.5
9.0
8.1
7.8
7.1
6.1
5.7
5.1
1.6
1.2
3.8
3.5
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
91.6
91.2
88.8
87.0
85.8
83.6
80.8
77.9
7«.9
71.8
67.2
62.1
57.3
52. a
17.1
12.9
38.7
35.3
32. «
29.8
27.9
26.3
25.1
21.1
23.1
22.7
22.7
22.7
22.7
22.7
-------
HB1E F- 9
SPIlDr 19.6 B.P.H. TEflPr 75. (F)
US: 0.630 O.T60 0.160 0.025 0.025 0.0
S COID STABT: 20. 62
% HOT START: 27. 3X
1970
1971
1972
1973
197ft
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
198ft
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
199«
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
BC
12.2
11.5
10.9
10. ft
10.0
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
7. ft
6.7
6.0
5. ft
ft. 8
ft. 3
3.9
3.5
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
2. ft
2. ft
2. ft
2. ft
2.ft
2. ft
CO
85.6
82. ft
80.0
78.3
77.1
75.1
72.5
69.9
67.1
6ft. 3
60.2
55.8
51.6
ft7.2
ft2.9
38.9
35.2
32.2
29.5
27.3
25.6
2ft. 1
23.0
22.1
21. ft
20.8
20.8
20.8
20.8
20.8
KOI
ft. 7
1.8
1.9
1.8
ft. 7
1.5
1.3
ft.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.3
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
t.9
1.9
T.9
1.9
1.9
-------
TABLE F-10
SPEED: 19.6 H.P.B. TEBP: 25. (F>
HS: 0.630 0.160 0.160 0.025 0.025 0.0
S COLD STABT: 100. OS
S HOT SfABT: O.OS
Cf
HC
CO
1970
1971
1972
1973
1971
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1981
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
199*
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
23.7
22.7
21.9
21.2
20.6
19.7
18.8
17.9
16.9
15.9
11.6
13.2
12.1
11.0
10.0
9.2
8.5
7.9
7.5
7.1
6.9
6.7
6.5
6.1
6.2
6.2
6,2
6.2
6U2
6.2
239.6
233.9
230.3
228.3
227.7
221.5
220.0
215.1
210.7
205.2
192.9
178.3
161.8
150.6
136.1
123.1
111.0
101.3
92.9
85.9
80.6
76.1
73.2
70.8
69.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
iOI
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.0
*.9
1.8
1.6
1.1
1.3
1.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3. a
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
-------
TABLE F-11
SPIED: 19.6 H.P.B. TEWPr 50. (F) Z C01D STiBT: 100.OX
nS: 0.630 0.160 0.160 0.025 0.025 0.0 % HOT START: O.OS
AVERAGE fEHICLE EHIS510H FACTORS
CI HC CO »OI
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.0
1.9
1.8
ft.6
1.1
1.3
1.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.1
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1970
1971
1972
1973
1971
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1981
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1991
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
19.0
18.2
17.5
16.8
16.3
15.6
11.9
tl.1
13.3
12.5
11.1
10.3
9.3
8.1
7.7
7.0
6.1
6.0
5.7
5.1
5.2
5.1
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
171.3
169.8
166.9
165.2
161.1
161.H
157.0
152.3
117.3
111.8
132.8
122.8
113.6
101.3
95.0
86.7
79.2
73.0
67.7
63.1
59.6
56.8
51.6
52.8
51.5
50.3
50.3
50.3
50.3
50.3
-------
TABLE F-12
SPEED: 19.6 B.P.H. TEBPI 75.
BS: 0.630 0.160 0.160 0.025 0.025 0.0
COLD STABT: 100.OS
X HOT START: O.OS
CY
HC
CO
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
15.8
15.1
14.4
13.8
13.4
12.8
12.2
11.6
11.0
10.3
9.4
8.4
7.6
6.9
6.3
5.7
5.3
4.9
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
130.5
126.9
124.4
122.8
122.0
120.0
117.0
113.5
109.5
105.2
98.9
92.0
85.6
79.2
72.8
67.2
62.0
57.8
54.0
50.7
48.2
46.1
44.3
43.0
41.9
41.0
41.0
41.0
41.0
41.0
iOJ
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2l4
2l4
2.4
2.4
-------
TABLE F-13
SPIED: 19.6 H.P.H. TEHP: 25. (F)
BS: 0.882 0.059 O.OS9 0.0 0.0 0.0
ill 5* §!_!!« i£ 1 1_l 51 s s i o »_£* CTOB s_ JG
S COLD STABIr 20.6*
% HOT STiBT: 27. 3S
HC
CO
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
T983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
12.8
12.1
11.5
11.0
10.6
10.0
9.4
8.8
8.2
7.5
6.7
5.9
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.6
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
100.8
97.7
95.5
94.2
93.4
91.2
88.0
84.7
81.1
77.5
71.0
63.4
56.1
49.4
43.4
38.4
34.0
30.5
27.6
25.4
23.8
22.6
21.7
21.0
20.5
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.2
I[OI
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
-------
TABLE F-tH
SPEED: 19.6 H.P.H. TEHP: 50. (F)
BS: 0.882 0.059 0.059 0.0 0.0 0.0
S COLD STABT: 20.6%
S HOT START: 21.3%
CY
HC
CO
1970
1971
1972
1973
1971
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1981
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1991
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
11.8
11.2
10.6
10.1
9.7
9.1
8.6
8.0
7.1
6.8
6.0
5.3
1.6
1.1
3.6
3.2
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
87.3
84.3
82.2
80.7
79.9
77.7
71.5
71.1
67.6
61.0
58.5
52.3
16.1
10.9
36.1
32.1
28.7
25.9
23.6
21.8
20.6
19.6
18.8
18.2
17.8
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
|OX
3.9
1.0
1.1
1.0
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.1
2.0
U8
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
-------
TIBiE F-15
SPEED: 19.6 H.P.H. TEHP: 75. |F)
KS: 0.882 0.059 0.059 0.0 0.0 0.0
X COID SI1BI: 20.6*
Z HOT ST4HT: 27. 3%
1C
CO
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
198H
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
199*
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
11.2
10.5
9.9
9.1
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
6.9
6.3
5.6
*.9
t.3
3.8
3.3
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
78.3
75.3
73.2
71.7
70.8
68.8
66.0
62.9
59.6
56.3
51.5
tl6.2
41.0
36.3
32.2
28.7
25.8
23. U
21.4
19.8
18.7
17.8
17.2
16.6
16.3
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
101
3.9
1.0
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
T.8
t.7
T.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
-------
TABLE F-16
SPEED: 19.6 R.P.B. TEHP: 25. (F) % COID START: 100.OS
HS: 0.882 0.059 0.059 0.0 0.0 0.0 % HOT STABT: O.OS
*II1*GJL1EH1CIE_EflISSIOS_t*CTOBS_JCB^HI1
CT HC CO BOX
1.3
-------
flBLE F-17
SPEED: 19.6 ».P.H. TEHP: 50. (?)
US: 0.882 0.059 0.059 0.0 0.0 0.0
S COLD SWSfl 100.OS
8 HOT STABT: O.OS
CT
HC
CO
1970
1971
1972
1973
197
-------
TABLE F-18
SPEED: 19.6 H.P.H. TEBP: 75.
BS: 0.882 0.059 O.OS9 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 COLD STABI: 100.0S
X HOT START: 0.0%
CT
WO
1971
1972
1973
1971
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1981
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1991
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
HC
11.6
13.9
13.3
12.8
12.1
11.9
11.3
10.6
9.9
9.1
8.2
7.2
6.1
5.7
5.1
1.7
1.1
1.1
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
CO
122.3
119.3
117.1
116.5
116.2
111.1
111.2
107.1
102.1
97.3
89.7
81.2
73.3
66.2
60.2
55.3
51.3
18.2
15.5
13.1
11.9
ttO.8
39.8
39.1
38.5
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.1
38,1
MOI
1.3
1.1
1.5
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
3.8
3.6
3.1
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
-------
IIBLE F-19
SPIEDr 15.0 li.P.H. TIHP: 25. (F> X COLD SI*BI: 0.0*
f!S: 0.803 0.058 0.058 0.015 0.031 0.005 % HOT Sflif: C.OS
AVERAGE VEHICLE EHISSIOB FACTORS
C¥ BC CO MOX
1970 7.3 10.5 4.9
1971 6.8 37.9 S.O
1972 6.3 35.8 5.1
T973 5.9 33.9 5.1
1971 5.5 32.1 5.0
1975 5.2 30.8 1.9
1976 1.8 29.2 1.8
1977 1.5 27.8 1.6
1978 1.1 26.5 1.1
1979 3.7 25.1 1.3
1980 3.3 23.9 1.1
1981 2.8 22.2 3.9
1982 2.1 20.6 3.7
1983 2.0 18.8 3.5
1981 1.7 T6.8 3.1
1985 T.5 15.0 3.2
1986 1.3 13.3 3.0
1987 1.1 12.0 2.8
1988 1.0 10.8 2.6
1989 0.9 9.9 2.5
1990 0.8 9.3 2.5
1991 0.8 8.8 2.1
1992 0.8 8.5 2.1
1993 0.7 8.2 2.3
1991 0.7 8.0 2.3
1995 0.7 7.9 2.3
1996 0.7 7.9 2.3
1997 0.7 7.9 2.3
1998 0.7 7.9 2.3
1999 0.7 7.9 2.3
-------
1ABLI F-20
SPEED: ft5.0 H.P.H. TEHP: 50. (F)
I!S: 0.803 0.058 0.058 O.OftS Q.03T 0.005
S COID STAR*: O.OS
S HOT STAIf: O.OS
c»
1970
1971
1973
197ft
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
198ft
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
199ft
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
HC
7.3
6.8
*.?
5.9
5,5
5.2
ft. 8
*«5
ft. 1
3.7
3.3
2,8
2j|
m. ^
2 .0
1.7
1*5
1.3
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
6.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
® ,7
0.7
CO
&C.5
37 1 9
35,8
33,9
37. 4
30. b
29.2
27.8
26.5
25, ft
23.3
22.2
20 .6
18.8
16.8
15,0
13.3
12. C
10.8
9.9
9.3
S.,8
8.5
8.2
8«Q
7,9
7W9
7.9
7.9
7 9
SOI
4.9
5.0
sli
5.0
«Ie
ft.3
ft.1
3«9
3.7
3.5
3.ft
3.2
3.0
2.8
2K£
2.5
2,5
2m ft
2.ft
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
-------
TABLE F-21
SPEED: 45.0 H.P.M. TEHP: 75. (F)
RS: 0.803 0.058 0.058 0.045 0.031 0.005
ft COLD StliT: O.OS
S HOT START: 0.0%
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
198 4
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
HC
7.3
6.8
6.3
5.9
5.5
5.2
1.8
1.5
3^7
3.3
2.8
2.4
2.0
U5
1.3
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
10.5
37.9
35.8
33.9
32.ft
30.8
29.2
27.8
26.5
25.4
23.9
22.2
20.6
18.8
16.8
15.0
13.3
12.0
10.8
9.9
9.3
8.8
8*5
8.2
6.0
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
4.9
5.0
5. t
5^1
5.0
1.9
4.1
3.9
3*7
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.5
2*5
2*4
2*4
2.3
2*3
2.3
2*3
2.3
2.3
2.3
-------
APPENDIX G
£§l£Sl*ii!>§ £!UEM!§!i*§ Bile age
G-1
-------
the tables cumbered -2, -3, and -*S in each chapter of
this docuaeat present the eeission factors for calendar
years 1970 through 1995,, For each calendar year, aodel-yeair
specific emission factors ate presented for the 20 most
recent aodel y«eai:s.
The emission factors for a given nodel year are assuaed
to vary linearly Kith siiieage. Since the en ission factors
foe a given sod«•=•;{ year vehicle are calculated foe July 1 of
each calendar ye.it it is necessary to know the average
cumulative nileage on July 1 of each calendar year.
The conulati^e nileages are presented in Tables I-5ar
II-Sc, II-5d, III-5aa,lV-Sa. aad *-5a»
The aethodology for calculating average cuaulative
• ileage «i.ll be explained by reference to a specific
exanple; calculation of the average cumulative Mileage for a
1978 model year vehicle on July 1 of 1978,, 1979, 1980, and
later years.
First* ue will calculate the average cumulative aileage
of a 1978 HI 1ST OR July 1 of 1978,, the calendar year «a«n
the vehicle age is defined as I year«
«e assaee that the vehicle sales distribution is
constant throughout the year. that the rate of mileage
accrual is constant throughout the year* and that the 1978
sales year begins- on October I, 1977,
fusing these ass«ap». ions, it is obvious that by July 1,
19?^ (3/ttths of the way through the sales year}
approxiaately 75% of the 1978 nodel year vehicles have been
G-2
-------
sold. These vehicles range in age tiom 0 to 9 Months.
Assuming a coastani sales distribution, their average age is
-------
on July 1« 1979 is the weighted average of the cumulative
mileages for these two groups of vehicles (those sold before
July 1 and those sold after July 1).
Since the first group represents 9 months of sales and
the second group represents 3 months of sales, the weighted
average cumulative Mileage of 1978 BY vehicles on July 1»
1979 can be expressed as follows;
(3/») (T5900 + (-375)15000) « (1/1) ((.875) 15900)
By extension, the formula for the cumulative mileage of
1978 model year vehicles on July 1, 1960 is given by;
(3/1) (15900 * 15000 + (.375)11000) + (1/1) (15900 + (.875)15000)
and so on .
Denoting the average rate of mileage accumulation
daring the first, second, and third years as v t, v2, and v3,
ve can generalize the eguations for cumulative mileage 00
July 1 as follows:
FIRST YK*R: (.375) vl
SECOMD tE*Hi(3/1J (vl * (,37S)v2) « (V*») ((.875) v 1)
THUD TIA1; (3/1) (vl + v2 * (.375)v3) * (l/«) (vl * (,87S)v2)
and so on.
For vehicles whose sales year begins on January 1
(heavy daty trucks and motorcycles) the formulas are
-------
•edified as follows:
FUST TIAR: (l/
------- |