EPA-600/2-76-184
August 1976
EXTENSIVE OVERBURDEN POTENTIALS FOR SOIL AND WATER QUALITY
by
Richard M. Smith, Andrew A. Sobek,
Thomas Arkle, Jr., John C. Sencindiver and John R. Freeman
Division of Plant Science
College of Agriculture and Forestry
West Virginia University
In Cooperation with the West Virginia
Geological and Economic Survey
Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
Grant Number R802603-01
Project Officer
Elmore C. Grim
Resource Extraction and Handling Division
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
LIBRARY
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and
approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names
or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use.
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FOREWORD
When energy and material resources are extracted, processed, and
used, these operations usually pollute our environment. The resultant
air, land, solid waste and other pollutants may adversely impact our
aesthetic and physical well-being. Protection of our environment requires
that we recognize and understand the complex environmental impacts of
these operations and that corrective approaches by applied.
The Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati
assesses the environmental, social and economic impacts of industrial
and energy-related activities and indentifies, evaluates, develops and
demonstrates alternatives for the protection of the environment.
This report provides extensive observations and data about rocks
and soils involved in surface mining of coal. The conclusions are that
controlled placement and proper treatment, based on pre-mining planning,
can prevent contamination and make beneficial use of needed plant nutri-
ents exposed by mining operations.
Results of this work will be especially interesting to State and
Federal agencies and mining firms who require detailed information from
overburden sampling and analysis. This data aids in planning surface
mining operations including reclamation and projected land use.
David G. Stephan
Director
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati
ill
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ABSTRACT
Chemical, physical and mineralogical measurements and interpretations
developed during previous studies in West Virginia have been improved
and applied to coal overburden columns in 12 widely spaced Neighbor-
hoods and 2 Adjunct locations in 10 states, from Pennsylvania on the
Northeast to Alabama on the Southeast and Oklahoma on the West.
Field studies in each Neighborhood and Adjunct location involved
logging and sampling soil and rock horizons from surface to coal,
testing and improving field clues, determining properties of minesoils
and water resulting from mining operations, and checking reclamation.
Results in different coal basins have broadened our perspectives and
strengthened our conclusions. Refinements have been made in field
observations, laboratory methods and interpretations related to kinds
of mine soils and anticipated uses of mined lands.
Consistent overburden property relationships within basins and over
particular named coals provide opportunities for generalizations and
extrapolation between sampled sites.
It appears feasible to use detailed information from overburden
sampling and analysis as an aid to prennining planning of surface
mining operations including reclamation and projected land use.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project R802603-01 by
West Virginia University under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency. Work was completed as of April, 1975.
IV
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CONTENTS
Foreword iii
Abstract iv
List of Figures vi
List of Tables vii
Acknowledgements xvii
Sections
I Conclusions 1
II Recommendations , . 5
III Introduction , 7
IV Materials and Methods 11
V General Considerations 15
VI Eastern Coal Province: Central Appalachian Region 54
VII Eastern Coal Province: Southern Appalachian Region .... 89
VIII Interior Coal Province: Eastern Region .... 183
IX Interior Coal Province: Western Region . . 234
X Toxic or Potentially Toxic Materials 290
XI References 300
XII Publications 304
XIII Glossary and Table Legend Definitions 306
V
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FIGURES
No.
1. Neighborhoods and Adjuncts Ca) investigated 9
2. Area of study adjacent to Cross Section E-E*
in Southern portion of Georges Creek Basin
of West Virginia and Maryland 22
3a. Legend Geological Cross Section E-E' 23
3b. Geological Cross Section E-E' 24
4. Neighborhood in Central Appalachian Region, Eastern
Coal Province . 55
5. Neighborhoods in Southern Appalachian Region, Eastern
Coal Province 90
6. Neighborhoods in the Eastern Region, Interior Coal
Province ..... 184
7. Neighborhoods in the Western Region, Interior Coal
Province 235
8. Acid-Base Account and rock type of the overburden
above a Bakers town coal seam 298
9. Acid-Base Account and rock type of the overburden
above an Upper Freeport coal seam 299
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TABLES
Ho.
1 Agronomic Levels of Plant Nutrients Used to Rate the
Nutrient Status of Soils and Overburden Materials at
West Virginia University for both Acid and Bicarbon-
ate Extracts, expressed as Pounds per Thousand Tons
of Materials or Milligrams per Two Kilograms 13
2 Location ot" Field Study Sites in Neighborhood One,
Central Appalachian Region. ... 60
Upper Freeport (E) and Lower Freeport (D) Coal Over-
burden at the P.B.S. Coal Company's Mine,
Neighborhood One
3 Physical Characterizations . . 61
4 Chemical Characterizations 63
5 Acid-Base Account. ....... . . 65
6 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 67
7 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 69
8 Acid-Base Account, Column Two. , 71
Upper Freeport Coal Overburden at the Mary Ruth Coal
Company's Mine, Neighborhood One.
9 Physical Characterizations 73
10 Chemical Characterizations 74
11 Acid-Base Account 75
12 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 76
13 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 77
14 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 78
15 Physical Characterizations, Column Three .... 79
VX1
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No.
16 Chemical Characterizations, Column Three .... 80
17 Acid-Base Account, Column Three 81
18 Physical Characterizations, Column Four 82
19 Chemical Characterizations, Column Four 84
20 Acid-Base Account, Column Four 87
21 Locations of Field Study Sites in Neighborhood Two
through Five, Southern Appalachian Region 101
Alma Coal Overburden at the Peter White Coal Company's
lline, Neighborhood Two.
22 Physical Characterizations 103
23 Chemical Characterizations 106
24 Acid-Base Account 109
25 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 112
26 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two ..... 117
27 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 122
28 Physical Characterizations, Column Three .... 127
29 Chemical Characterizations, Column Three .... 128
30 Acid-Base Account, Column Three 129
Winifrede Coal Overburden at Case Coal Company's Mine,
Neighborhood Two.
31 Physical Characterizations 130
32 Chemical Characterizations 131
33 Acid-Base Account 132
Hazard #5A Coal Overburden at Falcon Coal Company's
Pvussell Fork Mine, Neighborhood Three.
34 Physical Characterizations 133
Vlil
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No.
35 Chemical Characterizations 134
36 Acid-Base Account. , . , 135
37 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 136
38 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two ..... 137
39 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 138
Hazard #7 Coal Overburden at Falcon Coal Company's
Russell Fork Mine, Neighborhood Three
40 Physical Characterizations 139
41 Chemical Characterizations 140
42 Acid-Base Account 141
Hazard #9 Coal Zone and Resultant Minesoil Samples
at Falcon Coal Company's Mine on Flint Ridge, Neigh-
borhood Three.
43 Physical Characterizations 142
44 Chemical Characterizations 143
45 Acid-Base Account. . 144
Hazard #9 Coal Overburden at the Coombs Coal Company's
Mine, Neighborhood Three.
46 Physical Characterizations 145
47 Chemical Characterizations 146
48 Acid Base Account 147
49 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 148
50 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two ..... 149
51 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 150
52 Physical Characterizations, Column Three .... 151
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No.
53 Chemical Characterizations, Column Three .... 152
54 Acid-Base Account, Column Three 153
Underwood Coal Overburden at Arch Coal Company's
Fabius Mine, Neighborhood Four.
55 Physical Characterizations . 154
5fa Chemical Characterizations . 155
57 Acid-Base Account 156
58 Physical Characterizations, Column Two ..... 157
59 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 158
60 Acid-Base Account, Column Two. 159
Poplar Creek (Glen Mary) Coal Overburden at Helenvood.
Excavatingfs Mine, Neighborhood Five.
61 Physical Characterizations . , 160
62 Chemical Characterizations , 161
63 Acid-Base Account. ...... 162
64 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 163
65 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 164
66 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 164
Big Mary (Dean) Coal Overburden at Spradlin's Mine-15,
Neighborhood Five.
67 Physical Characterizations 165
68 Chemical Characterizations . 166
69 Acid-Base Account, 167
70 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 168
x
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No.
71 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 169
72 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 170
Grassy Spring and Rock Spring Coal Overburden at the
McCall Enterprises' Mine, Neighborhood Five.
73 Physical Characterizations 171
74 Chemical Characterizations 173
75 Acid~Base Account. , . , 175
Coal Creek Coal Overburden at the Ollis Creek Mine,
Flatwoods Section, Neighborhood Five.
76 Physical Characterizations 177
77 Chemical Characterizations 178
78 Acid-Base Account 179
Minesoil Resulting from Strip Mining the Coal Creek
Coal at the Ollis Creek Mine, Flatwoods Section,
Neighborhood Five.
79 Physical Characterizations 180
80 Chemical Characterizations 181
81 Acid-Base Account 182
82 Location of Field Study Sites in Neighborhood Six
through Nine, Eastern Region 190
83 Properties of the Undisturbed Natural Soil at the
Lynnville Mine, Neighborhood Six 193
Number Six Coal Overburden at Peabody Coal Company's
Lynnville Mine (Pit 1150//1) , Neighborhood Six.
84 Physical Characterizations 194
85 Chemical Characterizations 195
86 Acid-Base Account 196
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No.
Number Six Coal Overburden at Peabody Coal Company's
Lynnvllle Mine CPit 1150#2), Neighborhood Six.
87 Physical Characterizations 197
88 Chemical Characterizations 198
89 Acid-Base Account 199
Number Six Coal Overburden at Peabody Coal Company's
Lynnville Mine CPit 5900), Neighborhood Six.
90 Physical Characterizations 200
91 Chemical Characterizations 201
92 Acid-Base Account 202
93 Properties of Two Undisturbed Natural Soil Profiles
at the River Queen Mine, Neighborhood Seven 203
Number Eleven and Number Twelve Coal Overburden at
Peabody Coal Company's River Queen Mine, Neighbor-
hood Seven.
94 Physical Characterizations 204
95 Chemical Characterizations 205
96 Acid-Base Account 206
97 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 207
98 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 208
99 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 209
100 Physical Characterizations, Column Three .... 210
101 Chemical Characterizations, Column Three .... 211
102 Acid-Base Account, Column Three 212
103 Properties of the Undisturbed Natural Soil at the Will
Scarlett Mine, Neighborhood Eight 213
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No.
DeKoven and Davis Coal Overburden at Peabody Coal
Company's Will Scarlett Mine, (Pit #8), Neighborhood
Eight.
104 Physical Characterizations 214
105 Chemical Characterizations 215
106 Acid-Base Account 216
107 Properties of Replicate Undisturbed Natural Soil
Profile Horizons Sampled at Intervals above the
Highwall of the Eagle Mine, Neighborhood Eight. . . . 217
DeKoven and Davis Coal Overburden at Peabody Coal
Company's Eagle Mine, Neighborhood Eight.
108 Physical Characterizations .... 218
109 Chemical Characterizations 219
110 Acid-Base Account 220
111 Properties of the Undisturbed Natural Soils at the
Walker and DuQuoin Pits of the Burning Star #2 Mine,
Neighborhood Nine 221
Number Six (Herrin) Coal Overburden at Consolidated
Coal Company's Burning Star Number Two Mine (Walker
Pit), Neighborhood Nine.
112 Physical Characterizations 222
113 Chemical Characterizations 223
114 Acid-Base Account 224
Number Six (Herrin) Coal Overburden at Consolidated
Coal Company's Burning Star Number Two Mine (DuQuoin
Pit), Neighborhood Nine.
115 Physical Characterizations 225
116 Chemical Characterizations 227
xill
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No.
117 Acid-Base Account 229
118 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 231
119 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 232
120 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 233
121 Location of Field Study Sites in Neighborhoods Ten
through 12 and Adjuncts, Western Region 246
Mulky and Wheeler-Bevier Coal Overburden at Peabody
Coal Company's Bee Veer Mine, Neighborhood Ten.
122 Physical Characterizations 248
123 Chemical Characterizations 249
124 Acid-Base Account 250
125 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 251
126 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 252
127 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 253
Wheeler-Bevier Overburden at Peabody Coal Company's
Prairie Hill Mine, Neighborhood Ten.
128 Physical Characterizations 254
129 Chemical Characterizations 255
130 Acid-Base Account 256
131 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 257
132 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 258
133 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 259
Wheeler-Bevier Coal Overburden at Peabody Coal
Company's Mark Twain Mine, Adjunct to Neighborhood
Ten.
xiv
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No.
134 Physical Characterizations 260
135 Chemical Characterizations 261
136 Acid-Base Account , 262
Tebo and Weir-Pittsburg Coal Overburden at the
Peabody Coal Company's Power Mine, Neighborhood
Eleven.
137 Physical Characterizations 263
138 Chemical Characterizations ........... 264
139 Acid-Base Account 265
140 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 266
141 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two ..... 267
142 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 268
Jlinesoil Resulting from the Mining of the Tebo and
Weir-Pittsburg Coals at Peabody Coal Company's
Power Mine, Neighborhood Eleven.
143 Physical Characterizations .... 269
144 Chemical Characterizations ..... 270
145 Acid-Base Account. 271
Bevier Coal Overburden at Peabody Coal Company's
Tebo Mine (Pit 1050B), Neighborhood Eleven
146 Physical Characterizations . 272
147 Chemical Characterizations . 273
148 Acid-Base Account 274
Bevier Coal Overburden at Peabody Coal Company's
Tebo Mine (Pit 5560), Neighborhood Eleven.
149 Physical Characterizations . 275
150 Acid-Base Account 276
XV
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No.
151 Acid-Base Account 277
Mulberry Coal Overburden at the Pittsburg-Midway
Coal Company's Midway Mine, Neighborhood Twelve
152 Physical Characterizations 278
153 Chemical Characterizations 279
154 Acid-Base Account 280
155 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 281
156 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 282
157 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 283
Stigler Coal Overburden at Sierra Coal Corporation's
Mine, Adjunct to Neighborhood Twelve.
158 Physical Characterizations 284
159 Chemical Characterizations 285
160 Acid-Base Account 286
161 Physical Characterizations, Column Two 287
162 Chemical Characterizations, Column Two 288
163 Acid-Base Account, Column Two 289
The Total Contents of Macro— and Micro-elements in
Rock Samples from Different Neighborhoods
164 Part I: Sample Identification 295
165 Part II: Color and Macro-elements 296
166 Part HI: Micro-elements 297
xvi
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The following organizations have assisted in this work: (1) West
Virginia Steering Committee for Surface Mine Research; (2) West Virginia
Surface Mine and Reclamation Association; (3) West Virginia Department
of Natural Resources; (4) West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey;
(5) United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service;
(6) West Virginia University Soil Testing Laboratory; (7) Tennessee
Valley Authority Division of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife
Development; and approximately 25 mining companies whose employees
provided active cooperation that made this study possible.
Valuable consultation and advice were provided, in response to our
requests, by: Alan C. Donaldson, Frank W. Glover, Walter E. Grube, Jr.,
Milton T. Heald and Robert V. Hidalgo.
The following people participated in the preparation of this report:
John T. Ammons, Thomas Arkle, Jr., Carlos P. Cole, Charles Delp, John
R. Freeman, Everett M. Jencks, Charles W. Lotz, Jr., John C. Sencindiver,
Rabindar N. Singh, Richard Meriwether Smith, Andrew A. Sobek and John
W. Sturm.
Assistants in the field and laboratory work included: Day A. Good,
David G. Hall, Calvin N. Hall, III, David L. Idleman, Michael T. Kubena,
Eric F. Perry, Matthew B. Price, William C. West and Donald F. Zimmerman.
In consideration of the reader, who may have need to confer with the
authors of individual major topics, the following list is provided:
Materials and Methods (Freeman and Sobek)
Geologic Considerations (Arkle and Lotz)
Pedologic Considerations (Sencindiver and Smith)
Eastern Coal Province; Central Appalachian Region (Smith and Sobek)
Eastern Coal Province; Southern Appalachian Region (Cole, Smith and
Sobek)
Interior Coal Province; Eastern Region (Freeman, Sencindiver and
Smith)
Interior Coal Province; Western Region (Sencindiver and Smith)
Toxic or Potentially Toxic Materials (Singh and Sobek)
The support of the project by the Office of Research and Development,
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the help provided by
Elmore C. Grim, Grant Project Officer, and Ronald D. Hill, is
gratefully acknowledged.
x\n_i
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
1. Studies of coal overburden at 12 regular Neighborhoods and 2
Adjunct locations involving 10 Appalachian and Midwestern States
support previous conclusions that in humid United States and above
permanent water tables pyritic minerals capable of forming
sulfuric acid have been oxidized and largely destroyed to depths
approximating 6 meters (m), (19.7 feet, ft), or deeper in rocks
that have been fractured by geologic processes. Munsell color
chroma greater than 2 is an excellent clue to weathered material
with pyrite destroyed. Insignificant exceptions involve pockets
of pyrite encased in a ground mass of tough, cemented sandstone,
hard mudrock or limestone.
2. Studies in Central Appalachia, Southern Appalachia, the Eastern
Interior Basin, and the Western Interior Basin support the idea
that the Acid-Base Accounting method has wide applications as a
means of assuring against acid-toxic or potentially toxic minesoils.
3. The definition of acid-toxic or potentially toxic overburden or
minesoils by the following measurements and interpretations has
proven generally applicable: (1) determine pH of the pulverized
rock paste in distilled water, toxicity is indicated by readings
below 4.0; (2) determine total pyritic sulphur and convert to
maximum tons (t) calcium carbonate equivalent per 1000 t of
material by multiplication of percent sulphur by 31.24; (3)
determine neutralization potential of the pulverized rock against
standard hydrochloric acid. Then, if the maximum acid calcula-
tion from percent sulphur is more than 5 t calcium carbonate
equivalent per 1000 t of material in excess of the neutralization
potential, the rock is considered potentially acid-toxic regard-
less of its pH.
4. As a generalization, the parting between coal horizons tends to
have a high sulphur concentration, even when the parting Cor
interval) is as thick as 6.1 m (20 ft). Probably one reason for
this is that the parting includes both the roof of the lower coal
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(the dying swamp) and the root rock of the upper coal, both of
which concentrate sulphur. When the interval is no more than
6.1 m (20 ft), these two zones of concentrations essentially
occupy the interval. Concentrations of calcium carbonate, as
the limestone and mudstone between coals at River Queen (Western
Kentucky) and at Burning Star #2 (Illinois), often overwhelm
acidity in spite of pyritic minerals.
5. In our extensive studies it is evident that pyritic sulphur
percentage and neutralizing equivalents sometimes tend to corre-
late positively in overburden rocks that are not necessarily rich
in organic matter or coal. The incidence of marine fossils may
also correlate positively with pyrite and carbonates. Locally,
it may be valid to set neutralization potential levels that are
safe from acid dominance regardless of pyritic sulfur content,
but on an extensive basis we must continue to use the Acid-Base
Accounting method.
6. Some geologic sections in the Southern Appalachians are so low in
total pyritic sulphur that non-toxic minesoils are assured even
though the neutralization potentials range downward from 5 t
calcium carbonate equivalent per 1000 t of materials. An example
is Northeastern Alabama, Neighborhood #4 in this study. Previously
studied sections giving similar results were overburdens of Sewell
coal in Northern Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Since correla-
tion charts place Sewell Coal of West Virginia and Underwood Coal
of Alabama at corresponding positions in the geologic sections,
it is interesting that overburden composition in this case are
so similar for sections separated by a distance of about 643.6
kilometers (km) (400 miles, mi).
7. Rock type studies and analyses from the Eastern Interior Basin
and the Western Interior Basin have confirmed that black rocks
in general, and black roof shales in particular are not good indi-
cators of overburdens that may develop acid toxicities. Light
colored and low chroma sandstones and mudrocks (including clay-
stones, mudstones, siltstones and intercalates) are some of the
most acid-toxic materials encountered when their neutralization
potentials are low. Some black shales (carboliths and non-
carboliths), on the other hand, are low in pyritic sulphur, and
others are so charged with neutralizers that their acid potentials
are overwhelmed and they make productive mine soils (Spolents) in
our humid climate.
8. Sodium bicarbonate extraction of available phosphorus continues
to be a promising method for use with overburdens and minesoils,
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primarily because a high, percentage of samples contain active
neutralizers (mostly carbonates) that react with acid extrac-
tants and often release ferrous ions from siderite, resulting in
green colors that invalidate the colorimetric test for phosphorus
in acid extractants. • Extensive data obtained by the bicarbonate
extraction method now suggests that two zones in the overburden
often contain highest available phosphours: (1) the weathering
front, at or near the depth boundary between the high chroma
(highly weathered iron colors) and low chroma rocks; and (2)
carbon rich rocks (carboliths) where phosphorus may have accumu-
lated from plant residues.
9. The rather massive bulk of overburden data now accumulated indi-
cates that we should place more emphasis on the blending of
materials to form better minesoils, rather than thinking so
much about burial of selected materials that are potentially
toxic. Desirable blending can be planned intelligently when
sufficient overburden analyses have been completed in advance.
Advantages that may be gained from blending include reduced
operation costs in some cases, as well as superior minesoils
because blends combine desirable properties from different kinds
of materials. Often, neutralizers are abundant enough in certain
mudrocks or weak sandstones to prevent any possible toxicity
from associated carboliths, whereas available phosphorus and
minor elements in the carbon rich rock are important nutrient
sources. A blend should be superior to either material alone
or buried.
10. It is increasingly evident that coarse rock fragments can be
desirable in minesoils rather than harmful. Stable, angular
rocks form the best basal contact with bedrock or old soil. A
broad mixture of particle sizes including at least 50 percent
coarse fragments constitutes physically stable deposits in deep
minesoil horizons. Subsoil suitability for plant roots, aeration,
and available water retention are likely to be improved rather
than harmed by some coarse fragments. Surface layers that are
to be plowed must be relatively free from rock fragments coarser
than 150 millimeters (mm) (6 inches, in) diameter. On the other
hand, surface coarse fragments as large as 75 mm (3 in) diameter
are not necessarily harmful and may prevent serious erosion.
Simple slaking tests in water (mild treatment) and prolonged
gentle shaking in Calgon solution (drastic treatment) are methods
that help to predict rock fragment stabilities and best uses.
11. If the term "topsoil" is used it should mean material suitable
for placement on the surface to improve the soil for anticipated
uses.
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12. A widespread, serious problem contributing to minesoil erosion
and water pollution is excessive compaction in the plant root
zone. Extensive minesoil profile observations and descriptions
fully support early research (Chapman 1967) that grading and
other machine operations tend to pack minesoils, thus restricting
plant roots and preventing vigorous top growth.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Surface mining should be planned in advance, and the total plan
should include reclamation designed for intended land use with
no water pollution.
2. Essential information for developing a surface mining plan should
include detailed knowledge of soil and overburden properties that
will influence the suitability of these earth materials for pre-
vention of water pollution and formation of desirable minesoils.
3. A standard Soil Survey should be made for each operation as an
aid to soil sampling and for deciding whether the original soil
has properties that justify its special handling and placement.
4. Detailed geologic overburden sampling of rock columns down to
the coal should be required arbitrarily, at intervals of 1 km
(0.6 mi) or less, depending on the rate of lateral change of rock
strata. The need for more frequent sampling must be determined
locally to satisfy the demands of soil and water quality.
5. Routine sequential sampling of overburden columns with depth
should require at least one sample representing each 0.3 m (1 ft)
of overburden from the land surface to the top of each coal to
be mined. If samples for analysis are taken by a named, qualified
Geologist or Pedologist (Soil Scientist as defined by the U.S.
Civil Service), each vertical sample may represent as much as
1.5 m (5 ft) of depth if the Geologist or Pedologist states in
writing that each sample represents soil or rock which he believes
to be reasonably uniform in physical and chemical properties that
are to be determined.
6. Each overburden column sampled should be analyzed as necessary
to obtain a detailed Acid-Base Account with depth. This Account
should provide the basis for decision whether or not the oper-
ation is feasible without acid pollution, and if approved as
feasible, the Account dictates the placement of materials that
will assure prevention of acid pollution.
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7. Within the limitations set by the Acid-Base Account, other over-
burden properties will determine placement of materials that will
provide massive physical stability of the deposit and minimum
erosion hazards from surface runoff.
8. Within limitations set by demands of physical stability and
erosion resistance, choices of materials for placement should
consider water-holding characteristics and available plant
nutrient levels favorable for intended uses of the land.
9. Lime and fertilizer, mechanical manipulation, and erosion
control practices required for quick reclamation suited to the
intended use of new minesoils, should be anticipated from
physical and chemical studies of the overburden and should
therefore be stated as a part of the advance plan for the
total operation.
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this investigation was to enable strip mine operators
to eliminate water pollution from mine spoils and to assure minesoil
characteristics needed for anticipated uses of the land. This was
accomplished by determining overburden characteristics from test core,
rotary drill, hand and grab samples obtained in advance of surface
mining in 12 Neighborhoods and 2 Adjuncts (Figure 1) in nine states
other than West Virginia. These samples were correlated with named
coals and identified strata in rock and soil sections, and keyed to
field observations and clues that aided consistent recognition of
particular rock types and properties which were revealed by laboratory
study.
Field and laboratory determinations make use of technology and standard-
ization of methods established during the past 5 years of study of coal
overburdens in West Virginia. Properties which were determined with
depth from the land surface and distance above the coal, included acid-
base potential balances derived from present acidity (or alkalinity),
potential maximum pyritic acidity and neutralization potentials {from
exchangeable bases, alkaline carbonates, and other weatherable materials)
Other determinations included plant available phosphorus, potassium,
calcium and magnesium and other nutrients that may be severely seperate
deficient and toxic elements where concentrations are likely to inhibit
plant covers. The application of these results to neighborhoods not
studied in detail was guided by stratigraphic rock and soil correla-
tions including areal trends that were demonstrated or inferred. Also,
further progress in the precision of classification and morphological
description of minesoils in all areas studied was made.
The following specific objectives were fulfilled in order to fill the
information void found regarding overburden characteristics and pre-
planning of the resultant minesoils before strip mining had occurred:
(1) determination of acid-base potentials and other essential properties
with depth for coal overburdens at 12 selected Neighborhoods in nine
states within the Eastern and Interior Coal Provinces, (Figure 1) and
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interpretation of these properties into recommendations for sequential
placement and treatment options to accomplish planned reclamation and
land use with minimum water pollution; (2) provide a basis for pre-
dicting the extent to which overburden data may apply to neighborhoods
and regions not samples; (3) indicate, generally, the nature of sup-
porting practices and timing that may be necessary to assure success
of planned reclamation; (4) indicate available geologic and soils in-
formation, including certain observable or easily measurable field
clues that may aid recognition of soil or rock properties needed for
planned overburden uses; (5) develop new procedures or adapt established
procedures when necessary to achieve essential characterization of
overburden materials.
8
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Figure I.
eigborhoods and Adjuncts (a)
' investigated
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Key to Figure 1
Neighborhood 1: Somerset County, Pennsylvania and Garrett County,
Maryland
Neighborhood 2: Mingo County, West Virginia and Pike County,
Kentucky
Neighborhood 3: Hazard Area, Kentucky
Neighborhood 4: Fabius Mine, Jackson County, Alabama
Neighborhood 5: Scott and Campbell Counties, Tennessee
Neighborhood 6: Lynnville Mine, Warrick County, Indiana
Neighborhood 7: River Queen Mine, Mullenberg County, Kentucky
Neighborhood 8: Will Scarlet and Eagle Mines, Saline and Gallatin
Counties, Illinois
Neighborhood 9: Burning Star 12 Mine, Perry County, Illinois
Neighborhood 10: Bee Veer and Prairie Hill Mines, Macon and Randolph
Counties, Missouri
Adjunct (a) to
Neighborhood 10: Mark Twain Mine, Boone County, Missouri
Neighborhood 11: Power and Tebo Mines, Henry County, Missouri
Neighborhood 12: Midway Mine, Bates County, Missouri and Linn County,
Kansas
Adjunct (a) to
Neighborhood 12: Sierra Mine, Muskogee County, Oklahoma
10
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SECTION IV
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLING
The sampling of overburden materials from the undisturbed soil surface
to the coal being sought for mining was accomplished by test cores,
rotary drill, hand and some grab samples in advance of surface mining.
Test cores were available for some sites studied, but the majority of
sites were sampled by collecting rock chips and hand sampling. Rock
chips were collected as they were expelled by compressed air from a
rotary drill at regular intervals, usually 30 centimeters (cm) (1 ft)
of depth during the drilling of blast holes above the highwall. The
vertical column of material from the drill bench up to the surface of
the undisturbed soil was sampled by hand. When an appropriate rotary
drill was lacking, overburden samples were taken by hand sampling the
highwall at regular intervals from the coal to the land surface by
working along access roads, by using extension ladders, and by cliff-
climbing technique on a rope. In addition, grab samples were taken
of unique or interesting materials whenever they appeared.
All core, or section logging, sample preparation, subsampling, and
grinding of overburden samples were done according to previously
published procedures (Smith, et^ £il_. 1974).
ACID-BASE ACCOUNTS AND COROLLARY INFORMATION
The Acid-Base Account Table includes four measurements: color, fiz,
total sulfur and neutralization potential. Soil color was determined
on all samples ground to pass a 60 mesh sieve, using the standard
Munsell soil color charts which have color subdivided into hue, value,
and chroma (Munsell 1971). Value was used to distinguish highly
carbonaceous materials from materials that appear black to the casual
observer. When such materials are powdered (ground to less than 60
mesh or rubbed on a porcelain plate), the highly carbonaceous materials
will have a value of 3 or less on any Munsell hue.
11
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Chroma is one of the most easily recognized color attributes and can
be used to recognize many soil and rock features. It is now well
established that minesoils developing in overburden from the intensely
weathered zone below the original land surface is safe from pyritic
sulfur (pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, etc.) and extreme acidity.
This zone commonly is 6.1 m (20 ft) deep or deeper in West Virginia,
depending on lithology, degree of structural fracturing of the rock,
and position of the water table. Brown and yellow rock colors (Chroma
of 3 or higher on Munsell Soil Color Charts) as typified by materials
from the weathered zone, provide useful clues to safe materials re-
gardless of whether their position in the stratigraphic section is
known. However, absence of high chromas in near-surface soils and
rocks can result from intense leaching of iron oxides or (in soils)
from impeded drainage which causes iron reduction. The low chroma
imparted to the surface of highly leached materials in soils and near-
surface rocks can be distinguished readily from pyritic low chroma
rocks below the depth of weathering. One difference is that lowest
chromas (gray colors) caused by leaching or impeded soil drainage
occur on rock or soil ped exteriors, whereas lowest chromas typify
interiors of unweathered (may be pyritic) sandstones or shales. Color
chroma has proven reliable as a field clue particularly with many
sandstones. Freshly broken rock surfaces with chromas of 3 or higher
(hand specimen of pulverized sample) indicate negligible percentages
of pyritic sulfur. Chromas of 2 or less often correspond with suf-
ficient pyrite to cause pH below 4.0 and biotoxic reactions.
Geologists and soil scientists commonly test rocks and soils for the
presence of carbonates by applying a few drops of dilute (1:3 or 10%)
hydrochloric acid to the sample. If noticeable reaction, evidenced
by effervesence, or bubbling, or even an audible "fiz" occurs, our
results indicate that at least the equivalent of 10 t calcium carbonate
equivalent per 1000 t of material is present. Some rocks may not show
immediate reaction, but if a powder is scraped from the rock with a
knife or other tool and tested with acid, an otherwise unnoticed lime-
rock may be detected.
The LEGO Induction Furnace with Automatic Sulfur Titrator was used to
determine total sulfur following the procedure of Caruccio for the
analysis of coal which was modified for the analysis of overburden
materials (West Virginia University 1971).
The Neutralization Potential procedure measures the total amount of
bases in rock materials following a modification (Smith, et al, 1974)
of a procedure used to measure the neutralizing equivalence of agri-
cultural limestone (Jackson 1958).
12
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CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS
The pH was determined on < 60 mesh samples by two methods: (1) 1:1
(solid .-water) ratio on a weight basis; and (2) the paste or slurry
method (2:1 ratio of solid to water). The 2:1 ratio results in the
filling of porosity with water and is preferable because it assures
close contact between solid and the electrode with essentially no
supernatant liquid.
The overburden material was extracted with an acid solution,
hydrochloric acid + 0.025N^ Sulfuric acid (Nelson £t_ ad. 1953) and
extractable potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were
measured utilizing a colorimeter for phosphorus and an atomic absorption
spectrophotometer for potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Phosphorus
was also determined by the bicarbonate extraction method (Olson and
Dean 1954) which was modified to be used with overburden materials.
Lime Requirement was done using the Woodruff buffer method (Woodruff
1948) . The analyses for total macro- and micro-elements were accom-
plished using standard soil procedures (Jackson 1958) and modified
as noted in Section X.
The nutrient levels were evaluated using the information in Table 1.
It should be NOTED that any acid-extracted phosphorus values which
have a (J or M_ following it in the tables should be disregarded. The
_G and M represent green and milky which are the colors that develop
due to an interfering ion, possibly ferrous, being present. All
data are presented to show the higher reliability of the bicarbonate-
extracted phosphorus values as compared to the acid-extracted.
Table 1. AGRONOMIC LEVELS OF PLANT NUTRIENTS USED TO RATE THE NUTRIENT
STATUS OF SOILS AND OVERBURDEN MATERIALS AT WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
FOR BOTH ACID AND BICARBONATE EXTRACTS, EXPRESSED AS POUNDS PER
THOUSAND TONS OF MATERIAL OR MILLIGRAMS PER TWO KILOGRAMS.
Rating
Acid Extracted
K
Ca
Mg
Bicarbonate
Extracted
Very low
Low
Medium
High
Very high
0-24
25-49
50-99
100-174
175+
0-39
40-78
79-156
157-234
235+
0-399
400-799
800-1999
2000-3999
4000+
0-49
50-99
100-249
250-499
500+
_
0-10
10-20
20+
-
13
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PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS
Rock types were identified according to the definitions found in
Section XIII and in accordance with the procedures used previously
(Smith, £t al. 1974) .
Water slaking was developed as a mild, weathering procedure to be used
in the field or the laboratory. It indicates if the rock will disinte-
grate easily when exposed to atmospheric conditions. The procedure
for the water slaking test is as follows:
Apparatus
1. 250 milliliters (ml) beakers
2. 6.35 mm (1/4 in) mesh, hardware cloth
3. Distilled water
4. Paper clips
Procedures For Core, Hand And Grab Samples
1. Select one or more representative fragments, weighing approximately
15 grams (g).
2. The hardware cloth is cut to fit into the beaker and is suspended
in the beaker by large paper clips hooked over the rim of the
beaker.
3. Fill the beaker with enough distilled water (tap water can be
used) to cover the screen and the fragment which is to be tested.
4. Drop fragment on screen and let the sample stand undisturbed for
30 minutes (min).
5. Visually estimate the percentage of material which lias fallen
through the screen, using a scale of 0 through 10 to represent 0
to 100 percent.
Procedure For Rock Chip Samples
1. Sieve the sample through a 6.35 mm (1/4 in) sieve and collect
all the material caught by the sieve.
1A. Select a representative subsample weighing approximately 15 g
(4 or 5 large chips) then follow above procedure starting with
step 2.
14
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SECTION V
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
GEOLOGIC
This section reviews and discusses geologic considerations in an inter-
disciplinary geologic-pedologic study of spoil material. In addition
to more efficient controlled placement of spoil materials during re-
clamation, a joint study of this type tests the broad geologic assump-
tions and refines knowledge of the potential soil making properties.
Further, analysis of spoil material by the pedologist may be another
tool in establishing co—relationships between the strata and other
geologic feature and the delineation of environments of deposition
represented in regional facies changes, JL.J^. , the encroachment of
alluvial (deltaic) deposits on swamp (organic) and lacustrine-marine
(chemical) deposits.
All natural material between parent rock or bedrock and the atmosphere
is included in the pedologic discussion following in this section. The
great diversity of natural soils and surficial (alluvial, colluvial,
glacial) deposits of varying thicknesses associated above the coal-
bearing strata of the eastern United States, however, preempts these
materials from the scope of the geologic discussion.
The geologist assumes that the gross physical and chemical character-
istics of similar thick bodies of coal bearing rocks reflect similar
environments of deposition although not necessarily contemporaneity.
The stratigraphy reflects the sedimentary history and structural
activity and determines the subsequent development of the physiography
of the surface of the region. Since only remnants of widely separated
coal basins are extant for study, it becomes difficult to establish
whether thick series of shale and mudstone and fine- to coarse-grained
sandstones, locally conglomeratic, arranged in repetitious sequences
with thinner coals, clays, lacustrine and marine limestone, chert and
ironstones are co-relational or coincidental to the several geologic
features available for study.
15
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Nevertheless, geologic considerations center on the development of a
geologic frame of reference to aid the pedologist in efficient
selection of sites for sampling of overburden materials. The limited
time for traveling great distances to sampling sites and consumed in
sampling restricts the density of the number of samples for analysis
and the time for detailed study of the geology in such a large area.
West Virginia becomes the type section and geologic frame of reference
for the study of spoil material in the bituminous coal basins of the
eastern United States for two reasons: (1) Study of pedogenic pro>-
cesses of spoil material was initiated in West Virginia in 1940 in
material stripped during removal of iron mineral (ore) concentrations
prior to and following the Civil War. This work continued with the
advent of coal stripping during World War II but at greatly increased
tempo under grants from the Environmental Protection Agency since
1969; (2) West Virginia has the most complete and continuous Pennsyl-
vanian and Permian (West Virginian) stratigraphic section extending
without appreciable interruption from a younger basin of deposition
on a stable cratonic platform of the Continental Interior during
Pennsylvanian time to an older less stable basin farther to the
southeast. The younger mining district includes the youngest Paleozoic
rocks of the Appalachians (Surface Mining Province 3) and older related
subadjacent Pennsylvanian rocks (Surface Mining Province 2) in northern
West Virginia and the older mining district includes the wedge of basal
Pennsylvanian beds (Surface Mining Province 1) thickening to the south-
east in southern West Virginia (Arkle 1974; West Virginia University
1971).
Within such a broad geologic frame of reference, some note of the
local irregularities so typical of all coal-bearing rocks in the
eastern United States is necessary, jL.j^. , the broad generalizations
are further complicated within the several coal basins by the diverse
local nature of the more terrigenous continental environments of
deposition encroaching on lake-swamp ^-marine environments of deposition.
Tributaries and distributaries of the shifting drainage system de-
bouched sand and mud (deltaic) below and on irregular surfaces above
the more regular and thinner swamp (organic) and lacustrine-marine
(chemical) deposits. In the former case, differential compaction of
the irregular fine and coarse elastics formed irregularities on the
floor of the swamp lake and sea resulting in local wants in coal and
limestone deposits and penecontemporaneous slumping of beds. In the
latter case, erosion of the surface by shifting drainage systems
cut out the underlying sediments and organic and chemical deposits.
The channels and other irregularities were filled with elastics.
Channel filling with sand often coalesce with sand bank or channel
deposits below to form sandstone sections over 30.5 m (100 ft) thick.
Both instances, separately or combined, alter the physical and chemical
16
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characteristics of potential spoil materials and interrupt the con-
tinuity of coal and limestone deposits, locally as well as regionally.
These disruptions are often responsible for local problems in the
reclamation of surface mines.
Water quality and other reclamation problems generally exist in
Surface Mining Province 2 (Allegheny Formation and lowermost part
of the Conemaugh Group in West Virginia). Varieties of association
of overburden materials and attendant problems of an area can be
anticipated in advance by construction of generalized and somewhat
diagrammatic cross sections similar to the northeast cross section
E-E' of. the Georges Creek Basin of Garrett County, Maryland and
Preston, Tucker, Grant and Mineral Counties, West Virginia (Figures
2, 3a and 3b) for purposes of advanced planning. More detailed cross
sections should be constructed from measured sections, core records
and sections penetrated in overburden blast hole drilling during
preparations for surface mining operations. Preparation of isopachous
maps of thickness and of net acid-making potential of lithologic units
of prospective spoil material would be more useful than cross sections
in areas where closely spaced overburden sections and analytical data
are available.
The depositional history of the Pennsylvanian rocks of the younger
mining district of northern West Virginia, western Maryland (Figure 2,
3a and 3b), southwestern Pennsylvania, and eastern Ohio of the bitu-
minous coal field of central Appalachians have a comparable depositional
history to the rocks of the Eastern (western Kentucky, Indiana and
Illinois) and Western (Missouri) Interior Coal Province of the central
United States, ,i.e_. , in both instances, the coal swamps and associated
sediments were deposited in shelving rather stable basins on the craton
of the continental interior during Pennsylvanian time.
The layer cake concept of deposition reflected the nature of the
rhythmically repetitive marine and terrestrial sediments in the mid-
continent and the northern part of the central Appalachians. The
Pennsylvanian subcommittee of the National Research Council, Committee
on Stratigraphy attempted to establish contemporaneity of beds between
the respective coal basins (Committee on Stratigraphy of the Pennsyl-
vanian 1944, p. 666-704, Chart No. 6) based on the cyclothemic theory
of coal deposition which conceived closely spaced repetitive trans-
gressive and regressive couplets resulting from wide-spread inundations
of the shallow seas upon a broad low-lying swampy coastal plain.
Cumulative maximum thicknesses of the thickest Pennsylvanian units in
the younger mining district of the central Appalachians is 594.4 m
(1950 ft) (Arkle 1974) as compared with 762 m (2500 ft) in Illinois
(Smith 1958) and about 609.6 m (2000 ft) in Missouri in the Interior
17
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Coal Province (Howe and Koeng 1961). In addition, there are about
365.8 m (1200 ft) of similar beds of Permian (?) age with generally
thin locally developed coals above the Pennsylvanian in West Virginia
and southwestern Pennsylvania in the central Appalachians.
Perceptible changes take place in the coals and associated rocks
between the eastern edge of the younger mining district of the central
Appalachians and the Interior Coal Province. High volatile and
generally high sulphur (> 2 percent) coals occur on the eastern edge
of the central Appalachians. Lower volatile and local areas of lower
sulfur (< 2.0 percent) coals in several seams occur in the Allegheny
Mountain Section on the northern and eastern fringe of the Appalachian
Plateau. Coals increase in sulfur (> 3 percent) and moisture contents
with a commensurate decrease in fixed carbon and calorific value to
the west although coals approach the high quality of lower grade
Appalachian coals in the Southern part of Illinois. Sandstones are
present in all the coal basins of this report; however, a larger
quantity of coarser sediments from sources to the south and northeast
of the eastern perimeter of the younger mining district of the central
Appalachians were deposited to form medium grained sandstones and some
pebbly coarse grained sandstones (Surface Mining Province 2). The
percentage of sandstone decreases in ascending the section to the
youngest beds of the Paleozoic System in the Appalachians (Surface
Mining Province 3) (Figure 3b). From here, there is a progressive
decrease in the percentage of sandstone in sections and size of grains
from the east into the western Interior Coal Basin. The amount of
pyrite and alkaline earths in sandstone is small in the east. These
constituents increase in sandstone to the west. Concentrations of
pyritic carbonaceous shales are common in several coal basins. Pyrite
is an ubiquitous mineral in shale, mudstone and limestone of the
younger mining district of the central Appalachians and the eastern
and western Interior Coal Province. The pyritic content of these
beds increase from east to west; however, the alkaline earths increase
in the section from east to west with the intercalation of more
numerous and thicker lacustrine and marine limestones and an increased
carbonate content in more numerous shale and mudstone units. These
argillaceous units contain numerous carbonate (calcic and sideritic)
pellets, knots and nodules. Concentrations of gypsum and of phos-
phates are known to occur in the eastern and western Interior Province.
Changes in the lithologic or rock section of some coal basins signal
extensive regional and long standing changes in environments of
deposition, e.g., the regional facies changes of southwestern and
central West Virginia, northeastern Kentucky and southeastern and
central eastern Ohio of the Appalachian Basin (Arkle 1974). Regional
18
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changes in extensive environments of deposition in other coal basins,
e.g., the eastern and western Interior Coal Basins are not as evident;
however, a large part of the latter basins are blanketed with thick
glaciofluvial deposits. It is, however, the subtleties of local
changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the coal and
associated rocks from the more usual and normal condition that plagues
the reclaimers of surface mined lands. Recognition of often hidden
subtle changes in overburden material prior to placement of spoil
material and during reclamation may eliminate the need for costly
remedial treatment of the surface of reclaimed lands. Cross sections
or isopachous maps where sufficient data are available illustrate
graphically the lithic and pedogenic characteristics of the rock
associations above coal. Examples of changes in rock associations
or prospective spoil materials from the usual suitable situation
are evident in both the eastern and western Interior Coal Basins.
In Perry County, Illinois, the normal overburden above the high
sulphur (3 to 5 percent) No. 6 (Herrin) coal is dark gray shale,
niudstone (argillaceous beds include varying amounts of siltstone,
limestone and fossiliferous shale) having generally an excess of
CaCO^ as indicated in Neighborhood 9 (Tables 111-120) . Lower sulphur
(1 to 3 percent) No, 6 metallurgical coal occurs in pod-like bodies
associated with an oval narrow channel sandstone-complex extending
from Shelby County in south central Illinois to the northwestern
corner of St. Clair County and thence on south across the eastern
edge of Perry into Williamson County (Gluskoter and Simon 1968).
Overburden above the lower sulphur No. 6 coal consists of gray shale
and associated sandstone in ascending the section.
A detailed acid-base account of samples of shale and sandstone in
ascending the section above the lower sulphur No. 6 coal at Desota,
Jackson County indicates a slight excess of carbonate with the
exception of variable gray shale (partly carbolith) distributed in
the section 6.1 m (20 ft) above the top of the coal. The top 18 m
(59 ft) of the core shows only a slight excess of carbonates. Exper-
ience indicates that overburden material of this type should be used
carefully in reclamation because slight concentration of pyrite later-
ally could result in a toxic spoil material.
Great local variations and irregularities in the distribution of coal,
shale, mudstone (argillaceous beds include varying amounts of silt-
stone) , irregular limestone and occasional fine grained channel sand-
stones were analyzed and observed in the surface mining of the high-
sulphur Wheeler-Bevier and Mulky coals of the Western Interior coal
basin. Variability of beds accounts for the great lateral changes
in the acid-base accounts of samples from Henry County (Neighborhood 11,
Tables 146-151), Boone County (Adjunct to Neighborhood 10, Tables 134
19
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to 136), and Macon and Randolph counties (Neighborhood 10, Tables
122-133).
The beds of the Pocahontas (219 m:720 ft), New River (314 m:1030 ft)
and Kanawha (640 m:2100 ft) Formations and the Charleston (122 m:400 ft)
Group in ascending the section represent the earlier of the two coal
basins of Pennsylvanian age in West Virginia (Surface Mining Province 1)
and contiguous areas of western Virginia and eastern Kentucky of the
central Appalachians which is related depositionally to the beds of
Pennsylvanian age of Tennessee and Alabama of the southern Appalachians.
The basin subsided intermittently and deepened to the southeast. The
sediments, essentially a wedge of fine to coarse elastics, were derived
from older rocks of the Appalachian region to the south. The coal
bearing facies, the base of which is the southeastern exposure of
Pennsylvanian rocks in southern West Virginia and western Virginia,
thin rapidly from the thickest section to the northwest into massive
marine (early) and deltaic (late) sandstones and finally disappear in
the subsurface of western West Virginia.
The thickness of the beds of the older mining district are perhaps
1370 m (4250 ft) thick in West Virginia, somewhat thinner in Tennessee
and the basal Pocahontas-New River equivalents are a maximum of 3200 m
(10,000 ft) in Alabama of the southern Appalachians.
The beds of the coal facies (1:1 sandstone-shale ratio) of the Poca-
hontas-New River Formations in West Virginia and equivalents in
Alabama and the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee of the southern
Appalachians are subgraywacke and some quartzose sandstone and
generally medium gray shale intercalated with low to medium volatile
coal beds of very high calorific value and generally low sulfur
(< 1.0 percent). The entire rock section is generally low in pyrite
as well as alkaline earth minerals.
The beds of the coal facies (1:1 sandstone-shale ratio) of the Kanawha
Formation in southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky of the Central
Appalachians and equivalent beds in central Tennessee of the southern
Appalachians are subgraywackes and light to medium gray shale or mud-
stones intercalated with high volatile coals of high calorific value
and generally low sulfur (< 1.50 percent) coal. The carbonates are
occasionally either thin lacustrine limestone beds or small to medium
size limestone concretionary bodies and generally thin lenticular or
concretionary marine limestone beds occurring in thicker marine shales.
Chert of small areal extent is present toward the top of the Kanawha
and in the overlying Charleston Group. Siderite (FeC03) occurs as
cementing material in sandstone and siltstone and as numerous small
to large, up to 1.2 m (4 ft) impure lenses, nodules and stringers in
shale, siltstone and sandstone.
20
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Pyrite is not a ubiquitous mineral in the Kanawha Formation and
equivalents; however, coal and associated rocks locally contain con-
centrations of pyrite, as noted in Neighborhood 3 (Hazard, Kentucky).
21
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AREA OF STUDY ADJACENT TO CROSS SECTION E-E1
IN
SOUTHERN PORTION OF GEORGES CREEK BASIN
OF WEST VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND
Figure 2
WEST
VIRGINIA
••'•Ji&Yi
E1
X 18
Monongaheld Group and
areas of mined Pittsburgh
and associated coals
Allegheny Formation
and Conemaugh Group
Pottsville Group
Pre-Pennsylvtmian rocks
Cross section
Location of cores
Location of sections
01 2345
MILES
10
22
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LEGEND
GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION E - E'
Figure 3 d
Lithologies adapted to the
American Comprehensive System
of Soil Classification
Sandstone
Quartzose
sandstone
Limestone (includes beds and carbonate knots,
nodules, concretions and pellets)
Red shale and mudstone
and variegated or mottled red
and green and gray shale,
mudstone and claystone
Mudstone (includes cloystone
and flint and plastic clay)
Shale and siltstone
• 5-o"
Coal and partings
Thickness of coal section
Marine fossil
23
-------
o
a:
CD
o
o
LU —
-------
12 13
18 19
20
io'-6" UPPER K I T T ANN/ N
0 I 2 3
MILES
25
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KEY TO
SECTIONS AND CORES
ON
CROSS SECTION E-E, FIGURES 2 AND 3
Number
1. Wilson Bore Hole No. 3 (WVGS No. 104), Garrett County, Maryland
Hennen, R. W. and Reger, D. B., 1914, Preston County, West
Virginia: West Virginia Geol. Survey, p. 259-260.
2. Davis Coal and Coke Company No. 51 (WVGS No. 44) Coal Test
Boring, Garrett County, Maryland (Reger, D. B. , 1923, Tucker
County, West Virginia: West Virginia Geol. Survey, p. 339-340).
3. Henry Section, Union District and Davis Coal and Coke Company
No. 73 (WVGS No. 74) Coal Test Boring (Reger, D. B., 1924,
Mineral and Grant counties, West Virginia: West Virginia Geol.
Survey, p. 184-187.
4. Davis Coal and Coke Company No. 75 (WVGS No. 75) Coal Test
Boring, Union District, Grant County, West Virginia, (Reger,
D. B., 1924, Mineral and Grant counties, West Virginia: West
Virginia Geol. Survey, p. 493, 494).
5. Davis Coal and Coke Company No. 88 (WVGS No. 58) Coal Test
Boring, Garrett County, Maryland (Reger, D. B., 1924, Mineral
and Grant counties, West Virginia: West Virginia Geol. Survey,
p. 484).
6. Davis Coal and Coke Company No. 113 (WVGS No. 19) Coal Test
Boring, Union District, Grant County, West Virginia, (Reger,
D. B., 1924, Mineral and Grant counties, West Virginia: West
Virginia Geol. Survey, p. 482).
7. Davis Coal and Coke Company No. 114 (WVGS No. 18) Coal Test
Boring, Union District, Grant County, West Virginia (Reger,
D. B., 1924, Mineral and Grant counties, West Virginia: West
Virginia Geol. Survey, p. 481).
8. No. TB-1, Deer Park Daylighting Project, Garrett County, Maryland
A. C. Ackenheil and Associates, Project No. 71642/72332.
9. Log, hole 24-CG, Garrett County, Maryland (Toenges, A. L., Turnbull,
L. A., Williams, Lloyd, Smith, H. L., O'Donnell, H. J., Cooper,
H. M., Abernathy, R. F., and Waage, Karl, 1949, Investigation of
lower coal beds in Georges Creek and north part of Upper Potomac
Basins, Allegany and Garrett counties, Maryland: United States
Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 725, p. 91, 92).
26
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10. Davis Coal and Coke Company No. 115 (WVGS No. 16) Coal Test
Boring, Elk District, Mineral County, West Virginia (Reger,
D. B., 1924, Mineral and Grant counties, West Virginia: West
Virginia Geol. Survey, p. 480, 481).
11. Log, hole 22-GC, Garrett County, Maryland (Toenges, A. L.,
Turnbull, L. A., Williams, Lloyd, Smith, H. L, O'Donnell,
U. J., Cooper, H. M. , Abernathy, R. F. and Waage, Karl, 1949,
Investigation of lower coal beds in Georges Creek and north
part of Upper Potomac Basins, Allegany and Garrett counties,
Maryland: United States Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 725,
p. 85-87).
12. Log, hole 23-GC, Garrett County, Maryland (Toenges, A. L.,
Turnbull, L. A., Williams, Lloyd, Smith, H. L., O'Donnell,
H. J., Cooper, H. M. , Abernathy, R. F., and Waage, Karl, 1949,
Investigation of lower coal beds in Georges Creek and north
part of Upper Potomac Basins, Al.tegany and Garrett counties,
Maryland: United States Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 725,
p. 89, 90).
13. Log, hole 18-GC, Garrett County, Maryland (Toenges, A. L.,
Turnbull, L. A., Williams, Lloyd, Smith, H. L., O'Donnell,
H. J., Cooper, H. M., Abernathy, R. F., and Waage, Karl, 1949,
Investigation of lower coal beds in Georges Creek and north
part of Upper Potomac Basins, Allegany and Garrett counties,
Maryland: United States Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 725,
p. 70-72).
14. Section at Head of Howell Run, one mile northwest of Pinnacle
Rock, Elk District, Mineral County, West Virginia.
15. Log, hole 17-GC, Garrett County, Maryland (Toenges, A. L.,
Turnbull, L. A., Williams, Lloyd, Smith, H. L., O'Donnell,
H. J., Cooper, H. M. , Abernathy, R. F., and Waage, Karl, 1949,
Investigation of lower coal beds in Georges Creek and north
part of Upper Potomac Basins, Allegany and Garrett counties,
Maryland: United States Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 725,
p. 69, 70).
16. Log, hole 13-GC, Garrett County, Maryland (Toenges, A. L.,
Turnbull, L. A., Williams, Lloyd, Smith, H. L., O'Donnell,
H. J., Cooper, H. M., Abernathy, R. F., and Waage, Karl, 1949,
Investigation of lower coal beds in Georges Creek and north
part of Upper Potomac Basins, Allegany and Garrett counties,
Maryland: United States Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 725,
p. 57, 58).
27
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17. Log, hole 12-GC, Garrett County, Maryland (Toenges, A. L.,
Turnbull, L. A., Williams, Lloyd, Smith, H. L, O'Donnell,
H. J., Cooper, H. M., Abernathy, R. F., and Waage, Karl, 1949,
Investigation of lower coal beds in Georges Creek and north
part of Upper Potomac Basins, Allegany and Garrett counties,
Maryland: United States Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 725,
p. 56, 57).
18. Luke Section, Allegany County, Maryland (Reger, D. B., 1924,
Mineral and Grant counties, West Virginia: West Virginia Geol.
Survey, p. 158, 159).
19. Log, hole 9-GC, Garrett County, Maryland (Toenges, A. L.,
Turnbull, L. A., Williams, Lloyd, Smith, H. L., O'Donnell,
H. J., Cooper, H. M., Abernathy, R. F., and Waage, Karl, 1949,
Investigation of lower coal beds in Georges Creek and north
part of Upper Potomac Basins,, Allegany and Garrett counties,
Maryland: United States Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 725,
p. 47, 49, 50).
20. Log, hole 1-GC, Garrett County, Maryland (Toenges, A. L.,
Turnbull, L. A., Williams, Lloyd, Smith, H. L., O'Donnell,
H. J., Cooper, H. M., Abernathy, R. F. y and Waage, Karl,
1949, Investigation of lower coal beds in Georges Creek
and north part of Upper Potomac Basins, Allegany and Garrett
counties, Maryland: United States Bureau of Mines Technical
Paper 725, p. 29-31).
28
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PEDOLOGIC
The soil at any position on the landscape is a composite of physical,
chemical and biological properties. Each property is a net result of
processes that have added to and those that have subtracted from the
particular property being considered, starting when original material
was first exposed to conditions in the zone of contact between the
earth and atmosphere. This is true regardless of how the original
material happened to be placed at the point in question. And regard-
less of how it got there, properties of the original material may be
good or bad for the intended use or for interaction with surface
processes.
Following placement, natural processes begin to add to or subtract
from each property that may be considered. An outstanding case of
"adding to" is organic matter, which is likely to be insignificant
in many original rock materials. An equally obvious case of "sub-
tracting from" is the process of leaching, which removes soluble and
exchangeable elements in downward moving waters.
Many properties can be identified and related to processes in the soil
forming environment. The important point is to recognize that we are
interested in adding to those soil properties that are favorable to
future land use and in subtracting from those properties that are
unfavorable. When we learn this simple objective and begin to observe
and measure rock and soil properties exposed by surface mining activ-
ities, we have taken a major step forward, toward the realistic goal
of assuring better soils for the future than we had in the past. Over-
burden rock disturbance and controlled placement is an automatic
improvement in some cases.
Minesoil Classification
A minesoil classification scheme that can be incorporated into the USDA
comprehensive system of soil classification has previously been proposed
(West Virginia University 1971 and Smith et^ auU 1974). Spolents, the
proposed suborder for minesoils, include young soils in recently de-
posited earth materials resulting from surface mining or other earth
moving operations. Additions and changes to the definition of Spolents
and to the classification scheme have been made as the knowledge of
disturbed soils has been expanded.
Properties of Spolents -
1. If coarse fragments constitute at least 10% of the volume of the
control section, they are disordered such that more than 50% will have
their long axis at an angle of at least 10% relative to any plane in
29
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the profile. The test for disorder should exclude fragments with
longest diameter less than 2 cm (3/5 in) or greater than 25 cm
(10 in) and should be based on numbers of coarse fragments rather
than volume.
2. Color mottling without regard to depth or spacing in the profile.
The mottling involves color differences of at least two color chips in
the standard Munsell soil color charts (Munsell, 1971). This mottling
occurs among fines as well as within coarse fragments or between fines
and coarse fragments.
3. If coarse fragments are fissile, the edges are frayed or splintery
rather than smooth.
4. Coarse fragments bridging across voids as a result of placement of
materials leaving discontinuous, irregular pores larger than texture
porosity. Such voids are present consistently but vary in frequency,
prominence, and size in some cases.
5. A thin surface horizon or horizon immediately below a surface
pavement of coarse fragments, which contains a higher percentage of
fines (less than 2 mm) than any other horizon in the profile to the
bottom of the control section. This horizon ranges from 2.5 to 10 cm
(1 to 4 in) thick in most minesoils, but it may be thicker in mine-
soils that have been "topsoiled".
6. Local pockets of materials, excluding single coarse fragments that
range from 7.6 cm (3 in) to 100 cm (40 in) in horizontal diameter.
These pockets have no lateral continuity and are the result of the
original placement of materials and not of postdepositional processes.
They may differ from the surrounding material in color (2 or more
Munsell color chips), soil textural or particle-size class, or domi-
nant rock type constituting the coarse fragments.
7. Presence of artifacts within the profile. This includes plastics,
glass, paper, metal, tires, logs, etc.
8. Presence of disordered carbolithic coarse fragments. These coarse
fragments, which are usually associated with the coal, are found in
the profile because of moving and mixing of overburden materials during
regrading.
9. Irregular distribution of oxidizable carbon with depth in the
profile. This irregular distribution is due to the mixing of over-
burden materials when placed during regrading.
30
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To be classified as a Spolent a soil need not show all of these
properties, but it must have at least three. In many cases pedons
will exhibit more than three and in some cases all nine of the pro-
perties can be identified. In addition to these properties Spolents
also include properties 1, 2 and 4 of Orthents (Soil Survey Staff,
In Press).
Minesoil Families -
Simple location names have been given to each scientific family for
the purpose of expediency and simplicity. These family names will
allow the soil surveyor to use short names rather than the long
scientific names for the mapping units. An up-to-date list of sug-
gested minesoil family names with a profile description for each
appears later in this report. These names are provisional, non-
correlated, and subject to change. It should be noted that the
families listed are the ones that are considered to occur in mappable
expanse. Other families have been found in small, localized areas.
These additional families will be inclusions in mapping units or
variants of other named families.
Minesoils of the Killarm and Valley Point families are found in
Neighborhood 7 (Figures 1 and 6). Minesoils of the Shawneetown
family are found in Neighborhoods 8 and 9 (Figures 1 and 6). The
Bevier family is found in Neighborhood 10 (Figures 1 and 7) and
the Postoak family is found in Neighborhoods 6 and 11 (Figure 1).
The remaining families are found in neighborhoods not covered in
the scope of this project but covered in previous projects (West
Virginia University 1971 and Smith jst^ _al_. 1974).
The fact that these other families were not listed in numbered
neighborhoods does not mean that they do not occur there; it simply
indicates that because of limited research time in these areas,
other families were not studied and located. For the same reason,
families already located only in certain neighborhoods might also
be found in other areas.
Minesoil Criteria for Suitability Classes
Regarding criteria for new soils, based on overburden study and
analysis, we would suggest that the Acid—Base Accounting Method
be applied regardless of anticipated land use. In general, the
entire profile to 100 cm (40 in) depth should qualify as No_t Toxic
or Potentially Toxic with respect to acidity. In other regions,
a comparable approach could assure against excess or toxic alkalinity.
31
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We now have extensive data showing that the Acid-Base Accounting Method
does not set unreasonable or unachievable standards for coal over-
burdens. On the other hand, in our experience, conforming to the
standard has prevented near-surface acid-induced toxicity. Basic or
well-buffered neutralizers are so much more abundant than extreme
acid-foriners in the earth's superficial crust that it is a matter of
locating and placing local materials where the acid—formers, if present,
will be overwhelmed by the neutralizers. In rare cases, only, would
acid-formers predominate throughout the overburden and require extra-
ordinary measures.
Having agreed that avoiding toxicity deserves top priority, we can
begin to set standards for minesoil suitability classes: (1) suitable
for multiple uses; (2) suitable for rural, urban or industrial build-
ing sites and grounds; (3) suitable for extensive recreation: hiking,
camping, hunting, etc.; (4) suitable for production of forest products;
(5) suitable for pasture, hay, or other crops not requiring plowing;
(6) suitable for intensive agriculture including plowing.
General Discussion of Criteria for Suitability Classes
Suitability Class 1 -
The implication here is that few limitations of any kind exist.
Weather-resistant rock fragments (tough sandstone, limestone and iron-
stone) would anchor the base into old soil or bedrock. The overlying
layer would be a broad mix of particle sizes including enough coarse
rock fragments to interlock with basal fragments. Subsoil for permeation
by plant roots should be medium textured, near neutral in reaction, and
high in plant nutrients. The best surface layer would probably be a
near-neutral, highly fertile sandy loam with no coarse fragments larger
than 75 mm (3 in) diameter. Significant soil organic matter would be
desirable throughout the plant root zone (surface and subsoil to a depth
of about one meter). Weatherable coarse fragments would be desirable
throughout the subsoil.
Suitab ility Class 2 -
If primary interest focused on building sites and grounds, the emphasis
would be placed on physical strength and stability throughout. A broad
mixture of particle sizes (including coarse fragments) would be favor-
able, with emphasis on packing to high density, and provision for quick
controlled surface drainage. The base should be well-anchored with
resistant rock fragments.
32
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Suitability Class 3 -
Extensive recreation areas would need to emphasize physical stability
and drainage, much as for Suitability Class 2, but with more interest
in leaving the top layer loose enough for good growth of wildlife food
and cover crops of trees, shrubs and ground cover. Plant nutrient and
pE requirements would be satisfied by the non-toxic rule.
Suitability Class 4 -
Production land for Forest Products would be favored most by leaving
deep, medium-textured materials relatively unpacked, but shaped for
efficient future harvesting. Reaction and plant nutrients would be
relatively unimportant for adapted species.
Suitability Class 5 -
Suitability for forages and other crops not requiring plowing, would
emphasize available phosphorus, potash and other nutrients as well as
a deep-rooting zone. Minimum compaction consistent with physical
stability would be desirable. High base status would be favorable for
most crops. Most coarse fragments in the surface should be smaller
than 75 mm C3 in) diameter and preferably soft enough to be cut with a
disk. A relatively high percentage of coarse fragments in subsoils
would be tolerable and might be desirable, especially if they are
readily weatherable.
Suitability Class 6 -
Suitability for crops requiring plowing would emphasize relatively few
coarse fragments in the plow layer with none coarser than 150 mm (6 in)
diameter. In addition, soil organic matter as a source of nitrogen and
to favor soil granulation might be important in the plow layer. A
sandy loam surface layer might substitute for a finer textured layer
with granular structure, especially if the subsoil contained soil
organic matter and the profile was fertile.
As outlined, all suitability standards assume proper burial, blending
or special treatments to prevent toxic or potentially toxic acidity
from occurring. In addition, the standards assume that adequate
measures will be taken to control erosion. Quick establishment of
effective ground cover on all critical slopes is the basis for erosion
control. However, properly designed diversion terraces, stable, loose-
rock or other terrace outlets, mulching, and lime plus fertilization
according to chemical tests, are standard aids to ground cover establish-
ments that should not be neglected.
33
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These suggestions for creating Spolents according to plan are feasible
only- when overburden samples are studied and analyzed in advance. This
appears to be the approach, favored by many modern operators, regulatory
agents, service technicians, research scientists and legislators.
Suggested Mines oil Families *-
1. Brandonville Family - Fissile Udispolents; loamy-skeletal, mixed,
acid, mesic.
Date: June, 1971
Location: Appalachian Coal Company. East of Brandonville, Preston
County, West Virginia. Brandonville Quadrangle.
Vegetation: Birdsfoot trefoil, timothy, alsike clover, oxeye daisy.
Described and sampled by: Sencindiver and Sturm.
Horizons:
1. 0—2.5 cm CO-1 in) Yellowish, brown 0-OYR 5/4) loam; weak granular
structure; friable; 55% coarse fragments; many roots;
neutral (pE 7.01; abrupt wavy boundary.
2. 2.5-17.8 cm Cl-7 in) Yellowish, brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; massive
to weak granular structure with, some platy structure;
friable to firm; common distinct brownish yellow
ClOYR 6/8) mottles; 55% coarse fragments of black and
brown shales; many roots; strongly acid (pH 5.0-5.5);
abrupt irregular boundary.
3. 17.8-61 cm C7-24 in) Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive;
friable to firm; common distinct brownish, yellow QOYR
6/8) mottles; 75% coarse fragments of black and brown
shale with 25% greater than 7.6 cm C3 in); some
discontinuous layers of shale; common rocksj very
strongly acid CpH 4.5); clear wavy boundary.
4. 61-88.9 cm C24-35 in) Brown ClOYR 4/3) and dark yellowish, brown
ClOYR 4/4) loam; massive and shale controlled structure;
friable to firm; common distinct brownish yellow (10YR
6/8J mottles; 80% coarse fragments of black and brown
shale; few roots; abrupt smooth boundary.
5. 88.9-94+ cm C25-37+ in) Brownish yellow ClOYR 6/8) loam; massive;
friable to firm; common distinct brown ClOYR 4/3)
mottles; 85% dark gray CN 3/0) shale coarse fragments;
very strongly acid CpH 4.5).
34
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Notes: The digging was easier from 61 cm (24 in) to the bottom of the
pit than it was in the top 61 cm. Shale seemed to be
somewhat layered in 3rd horizon but discontinuous. However,
with increased depth the shales were more disordered.
Parent Material: Shale
Drainage: Well drained (field estimates)
Permeability: Moderate (field estimates)
Erosion: None - slight
Elevation: 548.6 m (1800 ft)
Slope: 3-5%
Aspect: North
Relief: Gently undulating
Coal Horizon Mined: Lower Kittaning
Age: 4-5 years
2. Beechrun Family - Fissile Udispolents; loamy-skeletal, mixed,
neutral, mesic.
Date: July 24, 1971
Location: Preston County, West Virginia. 0.8 km (0.5 mi)
south and 0.2 km (0.12 mi) east of Beech Run Church.
Valley Point Quadrangle; 39.5297°N., 79.6586°W.
Vegetation: Black locust, poverty grass, coltsfoot, wild strawberry,
deertongue grass.
Described and sampled by: Sencindiver
Horizons:
1. 0-12.7 cm (0-5 in) Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam; weak
fine granular structure; friable; few mottles; 40%
shale coarse fragments; few black coatings; many roots;
very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear boundary.
2. 12.7-25.4 cm (5-10 in) Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) and yellow (10YR
7/6) clay loam; massive; firm; many prominent high
chroma mottles; 40% shale coarse fragments; few gray
(10YR 6/1) coatings; many roots; clear boundary.
3. 25.4-94 cm (10-37 in) Brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; massive; firm;
50% disordered shale coarse fragments of various
colors - dusky red (2.SYR 3/2), black (10YR 2/1),
olive (5Y 5/3), yellow (10YR 7/6); common roots;
medium acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary.
4. 94-144.8+ cm (37-57+ in) Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), light brownish
gray (10YR 6/2), and strong brown (7,SYR 5/8) clay
loam; massive; firm; 2-5% coarse fragments; black
concretions present; very few roots.
35
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Parent Material: Shale
Drainage: Well drained
Permeability: Moderate
Erosion: None - slight
Elevation: 563.9 m (1850 ft)
Slope: 3-8%
Aspect: East
Relief: Undulating
Coal Horizon Mined: Bakerstown
Age: 20-25 years
3. Fort Martin Family - Fissile Udispolents; clayey-skeletal, mixed,
neutral, mesic.
Date: September 22, 1972
Location: Monongalia County, West Virginia. 0.8 km CO.5 mi)
west of Fort Martin School. Morgantown North Quadrangle;
39.7067°N., 79.9618°W.
Vegetation: Wheat, pilewort, foxtail, ragweed
Described and sampled by: Sencindiver, Sturm, Akers.
Horizons:
1. 0-5.1 cm (0-2 in) Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and brown (10YR 5/3)
silty clay loam; weak granular structure with some
massive pockets; very friable to friable; 40-45%
yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)
shale fragments and 5% sandstone fragments; many fine
roots; mildly alkaline (pH 7.7); clear wavy boundary.
2. 5.1-28.9 cm (2-11 in) Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and brown (10YR 5/3)
silty clay loam; massive; firm; common distinct
yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and brownish yellow (10YR
6/8) mottles and few faint light brownish gray (2.5Y
6/2) mottles; 50% very dark gray (N 3/0), gray (N 5/0)
and olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) shale fragments; 5% sand-
stone fragments; common fine roots; neutral (pH 7.3);
clear wavy boundary.
3. 28.9-66 cm (11-26 in) 50% brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and yellowish
red (5YR 4/6) clay and 50% brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)
silty clay loam; massive; firm; common distinct
yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and strong brown (7.SYR 5/8)
mottles and few faint gray (5Y 6/1) mottles; 50% gray
(N 5/0) and very dark gray (N 3/0) shale fragments with
5% > 7.6 cm (3 in) diameter; < 5% sandstone and < 5% lime-
stone fragments; few fine roots; slightly acid to
neutral (pH 6.2-6.9); gradual irregular boundary.
36
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4. 66-91.4+ cm C.26-36+ in). Light yellowish, brown Q-OYR 6/4} and
yellowish- brown QOYR 5/4) silty clay loata; with
pockets of clay; massive; firm; many prominent yellowish
brown O-OYR 5/8), light yellowish, brown (2.5Y 6/2) and
strong brown C7.5YR 5/6) mottles; 50% very dark gray
(N 3/0) and dark gray CN 4/0) shales with 5-10% > 7.6 cm
C3 in) diameter; < 5% sandstone and < 5% limestone
fragments; few fine roots; neutral CpH. 7.0).
Notes: Localized spots of free carbonates on the surface. 35-50%
coarse fragments showing on surface with 15-20% of these sand-
stone and 1-2% limestone. Coarse fragments disordered through-
out profile. Pockets of original AT material found at about
76.2 cm C30 in). Several limestone fragments found throughout
profile. Greenish gray C5GY 5/1) and pale olive (5Y 6/4) shales
found on the surface.
Parent Material: Shale
Drainage: Moderately well
Permeability: Moderately slow
Erosion: None - slight
Elevation: 335.3 m Q-100 ft)
Slope: 19%
Aspect: North-east
Relief: Hilly
Coal Horizon Mined: Sewickley
Age: 2-3 years
4. Fieldcrest Family - Typic Udispolents; loamy-skeletal, mixed, acid,
mesic.
Date: June 12, 1974
Location; West Virginia University Agronomy Farm; Morgantown North
Quadrangle; 0.5 km CO.3 mi) north of Route 73 and
1.2 km CO.75 mi) east of Route 119; area is
located on the west side of the road entering the farm.
39.6569°N., 79.9021°W.
Vegetation: Aspen, black birch, iron weed, poison ivy, blackberry.
Described and sampled by: Sencindiver and D. Hall.
Horizons:
1. 0-5.1 cm CO-2 in) Dark brown 0-OYR 4/3) loam; weak medium platy
structure breaking to weak fine granular structure;
very friable; 20% coarse fragments < 2.5 cm Cl in) in
diameter; many roots; extremely acid CpH. 4.4); abrupt
wavy boundary.
37
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2. 5.1-12.7 CEJ C2-5 inl Brown Q-OYR 5/31 loam; weak medium subangular
blocky structure; friable; few distinct brownish, yellow
ClOYR 6/81 mottles; 45% sandstone coarse fragments
7.6-15.2 cm C3-6 in) in diameter; many roots; extremely
acid CpH. 4.3); abrupt wavy boundary.
3. 12.7-81.3 cm C5-3 in") Mixed yellow (10YR 7/6), yellowish, brown
ClOYR 5/6), strong brown (7.SYR 5/6), very dark gray
CN 3/0), black CN 2.5/0), brown Q-OYR 5/3) and gray
ClOYR 6/1) loam; massive; firm; 40% disordered coarse
fragments 7.6-15.2 cm C3-6 in) in diameter C5Q% sandstone,
25% carbolith, 25% mudstone); few small bridging voids;
common roots; extremely acid (pK 4.2); abrupt irregular
boundary.
4. 81.6-96.5 cm C32-38 in) Yellowish, brown ClOYR 5/8) clay loam;
massive; firm; common prominent strong brown C7.5YR
5/61, black CN 2.5/0), yellowish brown ClOYR 5/4),
and gray C5YR 5/1) mottles; 25% disordered sandstone
coarse fragments; few roots; extremely acid CpH. 4.3);
abrupt irregular boundary.
5. 96.5-114.3+ cmC38-45+ in) Black CN 2.5/0) sandy loam; coarse
fragment controlled structure; very friable; common
prominent yellowish, brown ClOYR 5/8) mottles; 75%
disordered carbolithic coarse fragments 2.5-7.6 cm
(1-3 in) in diameter; common small bridging voids;
extremely acid CpH 4.0).
Parent Material: Sandstone, mudstone, carbolith
Drainage: Moderately well drained
Permeability: Moderate to slow
Erosion: None - slight
Elevation: 359.7 m 0-180 ft)
Slope: 8-15%
Aspect: East
Relief: Rolling
Coal Eorizon Mined: Pittsburgh
Age: 35 years
pH at 25.4 cm ClO in): 4.4
5. Killarm Family - Typic Udispolents; loamy-skeletal, mixed, neutral,
mesic.
Date: August 1, 1973
Location: Near Smithers, West Virginia. Fayette and Kanawha County
line. Perry and Hilton and Cannelton Coal Companies. 8
38
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km (5 mi) north, of Route 6Q. Montgomery
quadrangle; 38.2190QN,, 81,2742°W,
Vegetation: Tall fescue and ladino clover
Sampled and described by: Sencindiver, McKinney and Teets
Horizons:
1. 0-12.7 cm (0-5 in) Mixed yellowish, brown CLOYR 5/8 and 10YR 5/4),
light yellowish, brown (2.5Y 6/4), and yellowish, red
(SYR 5/8) silty clay loam with, pockets of clay loam;
weak medium blocky structure parting to moderate
medium granular structure; friable to firm; 10%
coarse fragments; common roots; abrupt smooth.
boundary.
2. 12.7-25.4 cm (5-10 in) Very dark gray (N 3/0) with, few pockets of
yellowish, brown (10YR 5/8) and light gray 0-OYR 7/1)
silty clay loam; massive; firm with some friable
pockets; common roots; 45% coarse fragments; gradual
wavy boundary.
3. 25.4-88.9+ cm (10-35+ in) Mixed dark gray (5Y 4/1), yellowish brown
(10YR 5/4 and 10YR 5/8), light gray (10YR 7/1) and
strong brown (7.SYR 5/6) Clay loam with pockets of
silty clay loam; massive; 65-70% coarse fragments
that are dominantly > 5 cm (2 in) in diameter; very
few roots.
Parent Material: Shale, mudstone, sandstone and carbolith
Drainage: Moderately well
Permeability: Moderately slow
Erosion: None - slight
Elevation: 518.2 m (1700 ft)
Slope: 8-15%
Aspect: North-east
Relief: Rolling
Coal Horizon Mined: #5 and #6 Block
Age: 3—4 years
pH at 25.4 cm (10 in): 7.0
6. Overfield Family - Typic Udispolents; loamy-skeletal, mixed,
extremely acid, mesic.
Date: June 5, 1974
Location: In northeast Barbour County, West Virginia near the head-
waters of the West Branch of Simpson Creek. Go approximately
2 km (1.25 mi) south of Brownton on Route 16/2 and then
travel west approximately 1.2 km (0.75 mi).
39
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Description was taken in a road cut, Brownton
Quadrangle; 39.20°N,, 80.17°W.
Vegetation; Wild strawberry, sour grass, Virginia creeper, poison ivy,
broomsedge, blackberry, sycamore, black locust.
Described by: Sencindiver, Grube, Freeman
Horizons:
1. 0-2.54 cm (0-1 in) Dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak medium
granular structure; very fraible; few faint high.
chroma mottles; 25% coarse fragments dominantly
< 2.54 cm (1 in) in diameter; many roots; extremely
acid (pH 3.5); abrupt wavy boundary.
2. 2.54-30.5 cm (1-12 in) Narrow bands of yellowish brown (10YR 5/6),
black (N 2.5/0), very dark gray (N 3/0) and brown
(10YR 5/3), loam and silty clay loam; moderate fine
subangular blocky and weak medium subangular blocky
structure; friable and firm; 30% disordered coarse
fragments (25% sandstone, 25% carbolith, 25% fissile,
25% schlickig) dominantly < 7.6 cm (3 in) in diameter;
common roots; extremely acid (pE 3.6); abrupt wavy
boundary.
3. 30.5-76.2 cm (12-30 in) Mixed yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), black
(N 2.5/0), dark gray (10YR 4/1), dark grayish brown
(10YR 4/2), yellowish red (SYR 5/6) , and dark
reddish brown (5YR 3/2) silty clay loam; massive
friable; 60% disordered coarse fragments (50%
schlickig, 25% fissile, 25% fine sandstone)
dominantly 7.6-15.2 cm (3-6 in) in diameter; common
bridging voids 2-20 mm (0.08-0.8 in) in diameter;
few roots; extremely acid (pH 3.6); abrupt wavy
boundary.
4. 76.2-132 cm (30-52 in) Yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) silty clay;
massive; firm; common distinct gray (N 6/0) mottles;
10% coarse fragments < 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter; large
pockets of gray (N 6/0) material; extremely acid
(pH 4.3); clear irregular boundary.
5. 132-165+ cm (52-65+ in) Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam;
coarse fragments controlled structure; friable; many
prominent black (N 2.5/0), yellowish red (SYR 4/6)
and strong brown (7.SYR 5/6) mottles; 65% disordered
coarse fragments (40% siltstone, 40% mudstone, 20%
fissile) dominantly < 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter; many
voids < 5 mm (0.2 in) in diameter; extremely acid (pH 3.8)
40
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Surface stoniness: 5%
Parent Material; Mudstone, shale and sandstone
Drainage: Moderately well—drained
Permeability: Moderately - slow
Erosion: Moderate
Elevation: 304.8 m (1000 ft)
Slope: 3%
Aspect: South
Relief: Pit Site: Nearly level
Area: Rolling - hilly
Coal Horizon Mined: Redstone
Age: 10-15 years
7. Hinton Family - Typic Udispolents; fine loamy, mixed, neutral, mesic.
Date: May 10, 1972
Location: Mark Twain Mine in Columbia, Missouri. Peabody Coal Company.
Vegetation: Aspen, scotch pine, sweet clover, downy brome, golden rod,
broomsedge and various other weedy species, tulip poplar,
cotton wood, black alder.
Described and sampled by: Sencindiver and Ammons.
Horizons:
1. 0-7.6 cm (0-3 in) Brown (10YR 4/3) and yellowish brown CLOYR
5/4) sandy loam to loam; weak granular structure;
friable; few faint light gray (10YR 7/1) mottles;
< 1% coal fragments; many roots; neutral (pH 7.0);
abrupt wavy boundary.
2. 7.6-25.4 cm (3-10 in) Pinkish gray (7.SYR 6/2) clay loam; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; many prominent
strong brown (7.SYR 5/6) and dark brown C7.5YR 4/2)
mottles; pockets of yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam;
25% coarse fragments mainly mudstone and siltstone
with a few sandstone and chert fragments; gypsum
crystals present; common roots; strongly acid
(pH 5.5); abrupt wavy boundary.
3. 25.4-50.8 cm (10-20 in) Mixed strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), pinkish
gray (7.SYR 6/2) brown (10YR 5/3) and yellowish
brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam with few pockets of clay;
massive; 25% coarse fragments; few coal fragments;
common roots; strongly acid (pH 5.5); clear wavy
boundary.
4. 50.8-101.6+ cm(20-40+ in) Mixed strong brown (7.SYR 5/6), pinkish
gray (7.SYR 6/2) and yellowish brown ClOYR 5/4) clay
41
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loam with, yellowish, brown G-OYR 5/6) sand pockets;
massive; 151 coarse fragments of siltstone and
mudstone; few roots; slightly- acid (pH 6.5).
Notes: Coal, chert, sandstone and mudstone was found throughout the
pit. Few fine roots were found at the bottom of the pit.
Siltstone and mudstone predominantly dark gray (N 4/0) and very
dark gray CN 3/0) and some of these had coatings of reddish
brown (SYR 4/4). Sandstone predominantly red (2.5YR 4/6).
Parent Material: Mudstone, siltstone, sandstone
Drainage: Moderately well-drained
Permeability: Moderately slow
Erosion: None - slight
Elevation: 228.6 m (750 ft)
Slope: 8-15%
Relief: Rolling
Coal Horizon Mined: Bevier
Age: 10 years
8. Birdcreek Family - Plattic Udispolents; loamy-skeletal, siliceous,
acid, mesic.
Date: June 25, 1973
Location: Preston County, West Virginia. 3.2 km (2 mi)
south and 1.6 km (1 mi) east of State Route 92
and Birds Creek Road intersection. Newburg Quadrangle;
39.4038°N., 79.7955°W.
Vegetation: Seeded birdsfoot trefoil and K-31 tall fescue. Also
deertongue, poverty grass, blackberry, beggar ticks.
Sampled and described by: Sencindiver and Ammons.
Horizons:
1. 0-5.1 cm (0-2 in) Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and yellowish
brown (10YR 5/6) loam; weak fine granular structure;
very friable; 15-20% sandstone coarse fragments;
many roots; very strongly acid (pH 4.7) clear wavy
boundary.
2. 5.1-24.5 cm (2-10 in) Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak
coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few
faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 & 5/4) brownish
yellow (10YR 6/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)
mottles; 60% coarse fragments of sandstone with
40-50% of these > 7.6 cm (3 in); common roots; very
strongly acid (pH. 4.7); clear wavy boundary.
42
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3. 25.4-76.2+ cm 0-0-30+ in). Dark yellowish, brown (1QYR 4/4) clay loam;
weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable to
firm; few faint yellowish, brown 0-OYR 5/6 & 10YR 5/4),
brownish, yellow (10YR 6/6) and strong brown (7. SYR
5/8) mottles; 60-70% coarse fragments with 40% >
7.6 cm (3 in); few roots; extremely acid (pH 4.4)
Notes: Coarse fragments all disordered. Voids and bridging seen.
Several large voids were discovered while digging pit.
Surface Stoniness: 50%
Parent Material: Sandstone
Drainage: Well-drained
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Erosion: None - slight
Elevation: 548.6 m (1800 ft)
Slope: 3%
Aspect: East
Relief: Nearly level
Coal Horizon Mined: Upper Freeport
Age: 1 year
pH at 25.4 cm (10 in): 4.7
9. Cuzzart Family - Regolithic Plattic Udispolents; loamy—skeletal,
siliceous, acid, mesic.
Date: July 30, 1973
Location: 1.6 km (1 mi) west of Odd, West Virginia in Raleigh
County. Pit located on lower bench; 37.5970°N., 81.2098°W.
Vegetation: Sericea lespedeza, yarrow, autumn olive, and other weedy
species.
Sampled and described by: McKinney and Sencindiver.
Horizons:
1. 0-5.1 cm (0-2 in) Dark yellowish brown CLOYR 4/4) sandy loam;
weak medium subangular blocky structure breaking to
moderate fine granular structure; very friable; 20-25%
sandstone coarse fragments; common fine roots; clear
wavy boundary.
2. 5.1-24.5 cm (2-10 in) Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 50%
sandstone coarse fragments; few fine roots; clear
wavy boundary.
3. 24.5-55.9 cm (10-22 in) Yellowish- brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam;
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;
43
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50% sandstone coarse fragments; occasional roots;
clear wavy boundary.
4. 55.9-88.9+ cm (22-35+ in) Yellowish, brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) sandy
loam; very weak medium subangular blocky structure;
very friable; 40% sandstone coarse fragments.
Parent Material: Sandstone
Drainage: Well-drained
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Erosion: None - slight
Elevation: 804.7 m (2640 ft)
Slope: 3-8%
Relief: Gently undulating
Coal Horizon Mined: Beckley
Age: 5-10 years
pH at 25.4 cm (10 in): 4.9
10. Valley Point Family - Plattic Udispolents; loamy-skeletal,
siliceous, extremely acid, mesic.
Date: May 17, 1974
Location: 1.9 km (1.2 mi) south, of Valley Point, Preston
County, West Virginia; area is west of Route 26; Valley Point
Quadrangle; 39.5751°N., 79.6493°W.
Vegetation: Birdsfoot trefoil, tall fescue.
Described and sampled by: Sencindiver and D. Hall
Horizons:
1. 0-5.1 cm (0-2 in) Brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; very fine granular
structure and single grained; loose; few faint high
chroma mottles; 30% sandstone coarse fragments
< 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter; many matted roots; strongly
acid (pH 5.2); abrupt wavy boundary.
2. 5.1-25.4 cm (2-10 in) Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam to
loamy sand; structureless; very friable; common
distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and brownish
yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; 60% disordered sandstone
coarse fragments 15.2—25.4 cm (6—10 in) in diameter;
many bridging voids; many roots; extremely acid
(pH 4.2); gradual irregular boundary.
3. 25.4-50.8 cm (10-20 in) Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam;
structureless; friable; common distinct brownish
yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; 70% disordered coarse
fragments 7.6-38.1 cm (6-15 in) in diameter (5% mud-
44
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rock, 95%. sandstone!; many bridging voids; common
roots; extremely acid (pH3.1I; clear irregular
boundary.
4. 50.8-101.6+ cm(20-40+ in) Yellowi.sk brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam to
loamy sand; structureless; friable; common distinct
brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and yellowish, red C5YR 4/6)
mottles; 80% disordered coarse fragments 25.4-38.1 cm
(10-15 in) in diameter (5% carbolith, 95% sandstone);
many bridging voids; extremely acid (pH 2.9).
Notes: Sandstones are 50% high chroma and 50% low chroma. Vegetation
is growing very well. Roots are densely matted in top 25.4 cm
(10 in).
Surface Stoniness: 10-15%
Parent Material: Sandstone
Drainage: Well-drained
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Erosion: None - slight
Elevation: 589.1 m (1900 ft)
Slope: 20%
Aspect: South-east
Relief: Hilly
Coal Horizon Mined: Upper Freeport
Age: 3 years
11. Shawneetown Family - Matric Udispolents; fine-loamy, mixed, neutral,
mesic.
Date: June 21, 1974
Location: Eagle Mine; Peabody Coal Company; near Shawneetown, Gallatin
County, Illinois; Saline Mines Quadrangle; 0.8 km
(0.5 mi) east of Route 1, 1.6 km (1 mi) west of
Saline River; T10S, R9E, S28; 37.6166°N., 88.2172°W.
Vegetation: None
Described and sampled by Sencindiver, Freeman, D. Hall
Horizons:
1. 0-5.1 cm (0-2 in) Brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak fine
granular structure; very friable; 5% coarse fragments,
2.5-5.0 cm (1-2 in) in diameter; neutral (pH 7.2);
abrupt smooth boundary.
2. 5.1-30.5 cm (2-12 in) Brown (7.SYR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak
thin platy structure; firm; common distinct yellowish
brown (10YR 5/8), light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4),
45
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and very dark, gray Qtf 3/0} mottles; 5% coarse
fragments of sandstone, mudstone, and carboltth,
^ 2.5 cm 0- inl in diameter; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual
wavy boundary.
3. 30.5-86.4 cm (12-34 in) Brown (7.SYR 4/4) silty clay loam; massive;
firm; common distinct yellowish, brown (10YR 5/8) ,
light yellowish, brown (10YR 6/4) , very dark gray
CN 3/0), and light gray (5Y 6/1) mottles; 15%
disordered coarse fragments of mudstone and sand-
stone, 7.6-15.2 cm C3-6 in) in diameter; mildly
alkaline (pH. 7.5); clear wavy boundary.
4. 86.4-101.6+ cm(34-40+ in) Brown(7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; massive;
friable; common distinct yellowish brown ClOYR 5/8),
light gray C5Y 6/1), and dark yellowish, brown ClOYR
4/4); 5% mudstone coarse fragments < 5.0 cm (2 in) in
diameter; mildly alkaline (pH 7.6).
Note: Surface 5.1 cm (2 in) was dryer than the remainder of the profile.
The top 86.4 cm C34 in) of the profile was very compact.
Parent Material: Loess
Drainage: Moderately well-drained
Permeability: Moderately slow
Erosion: None - slight
Elevation: 121.9 m (400 ft)
Slope: 10%
Aspect: Northeast
Relief: Gently rolling
Coal Horizon Mined: Davis and Dekoven
Age: 1-2 months
pH at 25.4 cm (10 in): 7.3
12. Bevier Family - Schlickig Udispolents; fine loamy, mixed, neutral,
mesic.
Date: June 29, 1974
Location: Bee Veer Mine; Peabody Coal Company; 1.6 km (1 mi)
south of College Mound, Missouri, on County Road T. College
Mound Quadrangle; 39.6247°N., 92.5566°W.
Vegetation: Tall fescue, sweet clover, white clover, alfalfa, Korean
lespedeza.
Described and sampled by: D. Hall and R. M. Smith
Horizons:
1. 0-5.1 cm (0-2 in) Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay
loam; moderate thin platy structure; firm; <• 5%
46
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mudatone coarse fragmentsj many rootsj mildly
alkaline (ptL7,5I; abrupt smooth, boundary,
2. 5.1-17.8 cm (2-7 in) Yellowish, brown Q.QYR 5/4) clay loaia; massive;
firm; many distinct yellowish, brown (10YR 5/6) ,
yellow (10YR 7/6) , light gray Q-OYR 7/2) , and light
gray (N 7/0) mottles; < 5% mudstone coarse fragments;
many roots; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy
boundary.
3. 17.8-40.7 cm (7-16 in) Yellowish, brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam;
moderate prismatic structure breaking to strong
angular blocky structure; firm; many distinct
yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), pale brown (10YR 6/3),
gray (10YR 5/1), and yellow (10YR 7/8) mottles;
< 5% mudstone coarse fragments; many roots;moderately
alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.
4. 40.7-48.3 cm (16-19 in) Mixed yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 10YR
5/8), gray (10YR 6/1) and very pale brown (10YR 7/4)
clay loam; massive; 50% disordered mudstone coarse
fragments dominantly 2.5-10.2 cm (1-4 in) in
diameter; many roots; mildly alkaline (pE 7.5);
abrupt wavy boundary.
5. 48.3-61.0 cm (19-24 in) Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam;
strong angular blocky structure; firm; many distinct
yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and light brownish gray
mottles; < 5% mudstone coarse fragments; many roots;
mildly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary.
6. 61.0-101.6+ cm(24-40+ in) Yellowish, brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam;
massive; firm; common distinct brownish, yellow
(10YR 6/6), yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and light
brownish gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; 10-15% mudstone
and limestone coarse fragments dominantly 7.6-15.2 cm
(3-6 in) in diameter; several pockets of gray (N 6/0)
material with diameter of 7.6 cm (3 in); common roots;
mildly alkaline (pH 7.7).
Notes: This profile is predominantly glacial till with residual
mudstone appearing in horizons 4 and 6. Gypsum is found
throughout the profile. The fine material effervesces with
1:3 HC1 throughout the profile. This area was recon. mapped
and inclusions of extremely acid material were found which.
consisted of sandstone and mudstone.
47
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Parent Materials: Glacial till and mudstone
Drainage: Well-drained
Permeability: Moderately slow
Erosion: Slight - moderate
Elevation: 213.4 m C700 ft)
Slope: 3-8%
Aspect: North.
Relief: Undulating
Coal Horizon Mined: Bevier
Age: 5-10 years
13. Postoak Family - Schlickig "Udispolents; loamy-skeletal, mixed,
neutral, mesic.
Date: July 2, 1974
Location: Tebo Mine; Peabody Coal Company; 4-4.8 km (2 1/2-
3 ml) N.NE. of Clinton, Missouri; T42N, R25W, S24, NE 1/4
of NW 1/4; 38.4199°N, 93.6379°W.
Vegetation: Alfalfa, wheat
Described and sampled by: D. Hall and R. M. Smith
Horizons:
1. 0-10.2 cm (0-4 in) Dark gray (10YR 4/1) Snty clay loam; weak
medium granular structure; firm; common distinct
grayish brown O-OYR 5/2) , very pale brown Q-OYR 7/4)
and very dark gray (N 3/0) mottles; 50% disordered
coarse fragments dominantly < 2.5 cm (1 in) in
diameter (98% mudstone, 2% carbolith); few vesicular
pores; common roots; very strongly acid (pH 4.6);
clear wavy boundary.
2. 10.2-40.7 cm (4-16 in) Mixed gray (10YR 5/1), dark gray O-OYR 4/1),
yellow (10YR 7/6), strong brown (7.SYR 5/6), dark
gray (N 4/0) and very dark gray (N 3/0) silty clay
loam; massive; firm; 65% disordered coarse fragments
dominantly 2.5-7.6 cm CL-3 in) in diameter (50% mud-
stone, 30% carbolith, 20% sandstone); common roots;
slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary.
3. 40.7-63.5 cm (16-25 in) Mixed dark gray (10YR 4/1), very dark
grayish, brown (10YR 3/2) , very dark gray (N 3/0) ,
grayish, brown (10YR 5/2), and light brownish, gray
C2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; massive; firm; 70%
disordered coarse fragments dominantly 2.5-7.6 cm
(1-3 in) in diameter (90% mudstone, 5% sandstone, 5%
carbolith); few roots; medium acid (pH 5.9); clear
wavy boundary.
48
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4. 63.5-76.2 cm C25-3Q inlUbced dark grayish, brown C2.5I 4/21, very
dark gray CN 3/01, dark gray CN 4/01, gray Qi 5/0),
brownish, yellow (JLOYR 6/6}, and reddish, brown C5YR
4/4) silty clay loam; massive; friable; 70% disordered
coarse fragments, 2.5-7.6 cm G-"-3 in) in diameter
C95% mudstone, 5% carbolith); few roots; medium acid
(pK 6.0); clear wavy boundary.
5. 76.2-101.6+ cm(30-40+ in) Very dark grayish brown C2.5Y 3/2) silty
clay loam; massive; friable; many prominent light
yellowish brown C2.5Y 6/4), yellowish brown Q-OYR
5/8), very dark gray (N 3/0), gray C5Y 5/1) mottles;
70% disordered mudstone coarse fragments, 2.5-7.6
cm (1-3 in) in diameter; few roots; very strongly acid
CpH 4.5)
Notes: Several spots of fine material from each horizon effervesces
with 1:3 HC1.
Surface Stoniness: 5-10%
Parent Material: Mudstone
Drainage: Well-drained
Permeability: Moderate
Erosion: Slight - moderate
Elevation: 243.8 m (800 ft)
Slope: 12%
Aspect: West
Relief: Rolling
Coal Horizon Mined: Tebo
Age: 3 years
14. Widen Family - Carbolithic Udispolents; loamy—skeletal, mixed,
acid, mesic.
Date: August, 1974
Location: Clay County, Widen, West Virginia; site is located 1.6
km (1 mi) southeast of Widen, West Virginia up
Buffalo Creek.
Vegetation: Broomsedge, moss, ironweed and various other small weeds.
Sampled and described by: C. H. Delp.
Horizons:
1. Few coarse fragments of bone coal and sandstone on
surface; coarse fragments dominantly less than
7.6 cm C3 in).
49
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2. 0-10.2 cm (0-4 inl Uixed hlacL Ql 2,5/01 and dark, gray
4/1). sandy loam; weak- fine granular structure; very
friable; 20% coarse fragments of bone coal and sand-
stone; coarse fragments less than 1.3 cm (1/2 inl in
diameter; many fine roots; moderately alkaline;
abrupt wavy boundary.
3. 10.2-20.4 cm C4-8 in) Black CN 2.5/0) sandy loam; massive; friable
to firm; common fine and medium distinct gray 0-OYR
5/1) and yellow (10YR 7/6) mottles; 40% coarse
fragments of bone coal and sandstone; coarse fragments
dominantly less than 10.2 cm (4 in) in diameter; few
fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
4. 20.4-101.6+ cm(8-40+ in) Black (N 2.5/0) sandy loam; massive and
coarse fragment controlled structure; firm with few
loose pockets; common fine and medium distinct gray
(10YR 5/1) and yellow (10YR 4/4) mottles; 80% coarse
fragments of bone coal and sandstone; coarse fragments
in various sizes up to 20.3 cm C8 in) in diameter;
common bridging voids; very strongly acid.
Parent Material: Waste from coal mines and preparation plants
Drainage: Well-drained
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Erosion: Severe (taken in gully)
Elevation: 466.3 m (1530 ft)
Slope: 3%
Aspect: South
Relief: Nearly level
Age: 30-40 years
15. Pursglove Family - Carbolithic Udispolents; loamy-skeletal, mixed,
extremely acid, mesic.
Date: May 24, 1974
Location: Bureau of Mines experimental plot in Monongalia County,
West Virginia. Approximately 1.6 km (1 mi) west of
Jere on Route 7; 39.6698°N., 80.0555°W.
Vegetation: Sparse weedy species
Sampled and described by: Delp, Sencindiver, Hall
Horizon:
1. Surface pavement of gravel.
2. 0-5.1 cm (0-2 in) Black (N 2.5/0) loam; weak medium and thick
50
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platy breaking to weak fine granular structure; very
friable; 40% coarse fragments dominantly less than
2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter; few roots; very strongly
acid (pE 4.5); abrupt smooth boundary.
3. 5.1-17.8 cm (2-7 in) Black (N 2.5/0) loam; weak medium and coarse
subangular blocky structure breaking to weak fine
granular structure; friable in place and very friable
in hand sample; few distinct reddish yellow (7. SYR
6/8) mottles; 40% coarse fragments dominantly
< 2.5 cm CL in) in diameter; few vesicular pores; few
bridging voids < 5 mm (0.2 in) in diameter; extremely
acid (pE 3.8); clear wavy boundary.
4. 17.8-30.5 cm (7-12 in) B^ack (N 2.5/0) sandy loam; coarse fragments
controlled structure; firm in place and friable in
hand sample; common prominent reddish yellow (7.SYR
6/8), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and red (10YR 4/8)
mottles; 70% coarse fragments dominantly less than
7.6 cm (3 in) in diameter; few bridging voids < 5 mm
(0.2 in) in diameter; extremely acid (pH 3.6); abrupt
wavy boundary.
5. 30.5-96.5 cm (12-38 in) Mixed black (N 2.5/0), reddish yellow
(7.5YR 6/5), dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), gray
(10YR 5/1) and reddish brown (2.SYR 4/4); coarse
fragments controlled texture and structure; firm to
very firm in place and loose to very friable in hand
sample; 80% coarse fragments, dominantly < 7.6 cm
(3 in) in diameter; gypsum crystals throughout
the horizon; pockets of silty clay loam material;
pockets of massive, extremely firm carbolithic
material; many bridging voids < 5 mm (0.2 in) in
diameter; containing several artifacts of bottles,
cans, and copper wire; extremely acid (pE 3.6);
gradual irregular boundary.
6. 96.5-127+ cm (38-50+ in) Mixed black (N 2.5/0), dark gray (10YR 4/1)
yellowish red (SYR 5/8) and reddish brown (2.SYR
4/4); coarse fragment controlled texture and
structure; friable to firm in place and loose to very
friable in hand sample; 90% disordered coarse
fragments; many bridging voids < 5 mm (0.2 in) in
diameter; containing several artifacts of bottles,
cans and copper wire; extremely acid (pE 3.3).
Parent Material: Waste from coal mines
Drainage: Well-drained
51
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Permeability: Moderate
Erosion: Severe (Profile described in a gully)
Elevation: 335.3 m (1100 ft)
Slope: 5%
Aspect: South.
Relief: Nearly level to gently undulating
Age: 15-20 years
EROSION CONTROL AND RECLAMATION
Some principles of erosion control and reclamation are applicable to
all Neighborhoods studied and are stated here rather than being
repeated in each subsequent chapter. Related details have been
developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (Grim and Hill, 1974).
Since highly disturbed soils are likely to be low in total and available
nitrogen it is a good rule to plan to use approximately 22.7 kilograms (kg)
(50 pounds, Ib) of nitrogen per acre on all seedings designed to give quick
cover and erosion control. As much as 45.4 kg (100 Ib) may be used in
connection with straw or equivalent mulch on critical slopes.
Heavy seedings of adapted, inoculated legumes together with grasses
should be made promptly after grading, preferably on a prepared
(roughened) seedbed. Repeated grading and smoothing should be avoided
to prevent excessive compaction.
Prevention of erosion on long, smooth slopes can be accomplished by
quick establishment of thick stands of adapted grasses and legumes,
such as lespedeza sericea, birdfoot trefoil, alfalfa, tall fescue,
redtop, and smooth bromegrass, with or without light seedings of small
grains. Diversion terraces are helpful on unprotected slopes longer
than 30.5 m (100 ft). Liming in addition to nitrogen, when indicated
by adapted soil tests, should help assure quick ground cover. On slopes
steeper than 5%, hay or straw mulch or equivalent at 4480 kg per hectare
(2 t per acre) would provide assurance of quick cover to prevent erosion.
Although terraces and mulching are good insurance on all erodible slopes,
excellent quick cover can often be established without such measures
by proper soil treatment, good seedbeds, proper timing, and favorable
weather. On steep slopes, hydroseeding methods are effective. Properly
designed sediment ponds may be needed, to prevent downstream sedimenta-
tion when terraces and (or) mulches are not feasible.
In all cases surface erosion will be less severe if surface layers
contain significant percentages of coarse fragments. Unless intensive
cultivation is planned, as much as 75% of the top layer and subsoil
52
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(by weight) may consist of coarse fragments without seriously reducing
productivity. Such soil is only slightly erodible as compared to
stone-free silt loams or loams. Coarse fragments consisting of
mudrocks or weak sandstones disintegrate rather quickly at the soil
surface to provide more fines. For this reason it may be desirable to
include more coarse fragments on the surface than is commonly favored.
53
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SECTION VI
EASTERN COAL PROVINCE: CENTEAL APPALACHIAN REGION
SUMMARY
Both, the Garrett County, Maryland and the Somerset County, Pennsylvania
sites (Table 2) in this Neighborhood revealed only minor toxic or poten-
tially toxic zones. These sites CNeighborhood 1, Figure 4} are within
previously defined Surface Mining Province #2 which includes some un-
favorable acid sites in Preston County, West Virginia (West Virginia
University 1971). However, depositional history favored relatively
fine-grained sediments where samples were taken in Neighborhood 1,
rather than medium textured, massive Mahoning sandstone as represented
at the least favorable locations in Preston County. Results, therefore,
support the idea originally developed in West Virginia, that the most
unfavorable overburdens and minesoils in Surface Mining Province #2
were derived from acid-forming sandstones over the Freeport and Kittanning
coals. Where shales and mudstones were dominant, problems of reclamation
were not severe. Pyrite percentages in shales and mudstones may be at
least as high as in the sandstones, but the finer-textured sediments,
sometimes including carbonates, provide higher buffering and neutralizing
capacities than the sandstones. In addition, available plant nutrients
tend to be higher. The composite result is better minesoils.
As illustrated in Cross Section E-E1 (Figures 2, 3a and 3b) sandstones
of variable thickness occur in distributary systems in much of Surface
Mining Province 2. Our samples in Neighborhood 1 accidentally missed
all thick sandstone bodies. At sites where the sandstones are prominent
it is to be expected that acid problems will occur, unless the sandstones
contain at least one percent of calcium or other carbonates.
The most distinctive case of unweathered, acid or potentially—acid sand-
stone discovered in present studies was that represented in southern
Illinois at the Will Scarlett Mine, Neighborhood 8. At this location
as well as at problem sites in Preston and other West Virginia counties,
the practical solution involved surface placement and fertilization of
high chroma, weathered material from the top 6.1 m (20 ft) of the over-
burden. This is now standard practice at Will Scarlett and in Preston
County.
54
-------
. ,,,m (-,
I '-~^._ 'MOCKIWpJ
«..' / ' J
UKTfllti ' ( , j 1
"°*5
Figure 4. Neighborhood in Central Appalachian Region, Eastern Coal
Province.
55
-------
NEIGHBORHOOD 1: SOMERSET COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA AND GARRETT COUNTY, MARYLAND
Somerset County; P.B.S. Coal Company -
The coals being mined at this location are designated as the Upper
Freeport (E), Lower Freeport (D) , Upper Kittanning CC?) and the
Middle Kittanning (C). Only the Upper and Lower Freeport coals were
available and accessable at the time of sampling; therefore, the
Freeport coals are the only ones that will be discussed.
The Upper and Lower Freeport coals are in the Allegheny Group of
Pennsylvanian rocks. The Allegheny Group in southern Somerset County
extends upward from the base of the Brookville coal to the top of the
Upper Freeport coal, an average of 85.3 m (280 ft). The Clarion,
Kittanning, and Freeport Formation are, in ascending order, further
subdivisions of the Allegheny Group. The Freeport Formation extends
from the top of the bottom member of the Upper Kittanning coal group
to the top of the Upper Freeport Coal and averages 29.5 m (96.9 ft)
(Flint 1965).
The mine is located approximately 8.0 km (5 mi) east of Somerset,
immediately south of Route 31, just east of the Negro Mountain
anticline axis and in the Allegheny Mountain Section of the
Appalachian Plateau Province. This is in the main bituminous coal
field near the eastern edge of the depositional basin. Nearly all of the
coal-bearing rocks, except for this area and on the Centerville dome
southwest of Somerset, are found in synclines (Flint 1965).
The Lower Freeport coal group in southern Somerset county consists of
two seams. The bottom or "D" seam is minable and a rider coal of
variable thickness, when present, occurs approximately 3.0 m (10
ft) above. The "D" coal correlates with the Lower Freeport in Preston
County, West Virginia. The Upper Freeport coal (E) correlates with the
Upper Freeport coal of West Virginia and is one of the four most
economically important coals of the Allegheny Group (Allegheny
Formation of West Virginia) in southern Somerset County.
The overburden above the Upper Freeport coal consists primarily of
a shale-mudstone sequence with little sandstone. The usual thick
Mahoning Sandstone so prevalent in West Virginia is not present at
the P.B.S. Mine. This is not an uncommon occurrence as indicated in
Arkle and Lotz's cross section E-E1 (Figure 3b) and cross section B-B*
in Preston County, West Virginia (Smith, et_ al^. 1974). The section
of rock between the Upper and Lower Freeport coals is a shale-mudrock
sequence with a 73 cm (2.4 ft) section of carbolith above the 36.6 cm
(1.2)ft of rider coal. Again this is indicated in cross section E-E1
56
-------
(Figure 3b) and B-B1 in West Virginia. The Upper Freeport sandstone
pinches out in some areas and is replaced by shales and mudrocks.
The data (Tables 3-8) indicate two zones of potentially toxic materials
in the overburden. One zone only appears in the second column (Tables
6-8) under the Upper Freeport coal and is due to the lack of neutra-
lizers in the sample as the total sulfur percentage is not exceedingly
high. At this site, the Upper Freeport limestone is not present. This
potentially toxic zone was not sampled in the first column as indicated
by the data in Tables 3-5. The second zone of potentially toxic
material appears in both overburden columns at the same position and
is the rider coal of the Lower Freeport coal group. The rider coal
is only 30 cm (1 ft) thick while the other potentially toxic zone is
only 91 cm (3 ft) thick, including the unsampled portion. This is a
very small proportion of the total overburden which, has a net excess
of neutralizers.
The natural soil above the highwall was formed in residual parent
material. The soil supported a good stand of mixed hardwood trees
which were harvested before mining operations began. A 10 cm (4 in)
layer of leaf litter in various stages of decomposition was on the
surface of the soil. The soil was strongly acid, low in inherent
fertility (Table 4), and had coarse fragments prominent throughout the
profile. The A£ and B., horizons had sandy loam textures while the
lower part of the B and the C horizons had silty clay loam textures.
Low chroma mottling was found in the lower part of the B and in the C
horizons indicating somewhat impeded drainage.
The overburden columns studied at this site indicate that there is a
weathered zone penetrating downward 6.1 m (20 ft) from the surface.
Total sulphur, pH. and extractable nutrient levels are low, while
carbonates are absent in this zone. The remainder of the rocks
over the Upper Freeport coal are higher in both nutrients and
carbonates, but the most favorable strata, chemically, are between the
Upper and Lower Freeport coal with the exception of the thin toxic
zones previously discussed. Rock materials are suitable for blending
or selective placement to provide properties needed for planned future
use of the minesoil. However, reclamation will require phosphorus
fertilization, as the rock strata are consistently low in this nutrient
(Tables 4 and 7).
Water coming out of the highwall at the position of the "D" coal and
the rider coal above it had a pH. of 3.0, but as it flowed down the
face of the highwall the pH was raised to average between 6.5 and 8.2
except when there was a hard rain it decreased to about 5.5.
Three sediment ponds in sequence served the stripmine but no erosion
was evident. All water was caught and treated in these three ponds
before being released to a small creek behind the mine area.
57
-------
Earlier reclamation of an adjacent area showed a very good stand
of clover, perennial ryegrass and timothy. The company had previously
used trees for revegetation, but found that the testing of minesoils for
lime and fertilizer recommendations and using a grass-legume mixture
vastly improved the resultant erosion control and reclamation.
GarrettjGounty; Mary Ruth Coal Company -
The coal mined at the Mary Ruth Coal Company's mine in Garrett County,
Maryland, is the Upper Freeport seam (Amsden, 1953). It correlates with
the Upper Freeport in both Preston County, West Virginia and Somerset
County, Pennsylvania (Flint, 1965) . The mine is located on the west
flank of the axis of the North Potomac syncline, approximately 3.2 km
(2 mi) southeast of core 8 (Figure 2, on Cross Section E-E1) in the
Georges Creek Basin of Maryland (Figures 2, 3a, and 3b). The Upper
Freeport coal is the top-most unit in the Allegheny Formation of
Pennsylvania Age; therefore, the overburden materials of the Upper
Freeport coal are predominately mudstones or shales (Figure 3b).
The land surface increases in elevation and the coal dips to the south-
east of Laurel Run at this mine, thus accounting for the large increase
in overburden thickness between column one and column four (Tables 9
and 18). Column one (Tables 9-11) was taken at the northern-most part
of the sampling area and column two (Tables 12-14) and three (Tables
15-17) were taken at 3 m (10 ft) intervals in a line directly south of
column one while column four (Tables 18-20) was taken at the southern-
most extent of the mine approximately 91 m (300 ft) from column three.
The overburden materials in column one through three have a weathered
zone of 5.5 m (18 ft) from the surface while column four has a
weathered zone of 8.2 m (27 ft) as evidenced by the high chromas
of the samples (Tables 9, 12, 15, and 18). In the weathered zone of
column four, there are four samples at the 1.8-2.7 m (6-9 ft) depth
which are believed to belong to the Mahoning coal zone (Figure 3b)
This coal is known to occur intermittently throughout the Georges
Creek Basin. Sample #5 (Table 20) is the only toxic material in the
upper part of column four, but the zone on top of the coal (19.8-21.6
m; 65-71 ft) called the Uffington shale is high in pyrite and
toxic. This toxic zone (Uffington Shale) is only 30 cm (1 ft) thick
in columns one through three and does not present much hazard to
reclamation unless it is left concentrated at some point on the
surface of the resultant minesoil.
The natural undisturbed soil of this area has silt loam textures with
coarse fragments proliferated throughout the profile. The soil has an
argillic horizon with low chroma mottling indicating drainage problems.
Also the lower part of the B horizon has definite fragipan tendencies
58
-------
with many prominant low chroma mottles. The soil is acid and low in
inherent fertility. It is not recommended for placement on the surface
of the minesoil. With the exception of the first 3.0 m CIO ft) of
overburden in column four, the data (Tables 18-20) indicate an excess
of neutralizers and favorable inherent fertility until the Uffington
shale is reached. This material could be put on the surface of the
minesoil or all the material above the Uffington shale could be blended
to insure good minesoil parent material and successful reclamation.
There was no evidence that erosion would be a severe problem at this site
as water was diverted away from the pit area. Water that came from the
pit had a pH of 7.2-7.5 which can be attributed to the mining method
employed and the neutralizers in the rock strata. The Box—Cut method
(Greene and Raney 1974) of mining was employed; therefore, the first
section of the new minesoil had been seeded with a mixture of birdsfoot
trefoil, clover, and oats. The company had good success reclaiming their
first strip mine in this area with the above practices. Details of
mining method and reclamation appear consistent with recent E.P.A.
suggestions (Grim and Hill, 1974).
59
-------
f
p2
0
H
O
W
PS
13
*3j
H
P3
O
i-J
PH
p_i
J »J 3
CO
a)
4-1
•rl
CO
C
•rl
i-H
^4
0)
M
M-l
O
4J
to
Q)
s
4J
o <;
c 01
/~N M
•H
e tS
CM
v— ^ 4J
tu
Jw
k
CU
CM a
• o
ro co
So"
4-J 4 *
O 0
p. ex
01 0)
0) 0)
M M
f^H FT|
M J-i
CU 0)
(X ^
ex o
h^ H-)
13 £2
0 0
oo m -u
o co m
OS CO
o\ o\ o
O^ 00 LO
ro r^ CM
^
a
cfl
o.
a
o
u
rH
Cfl
O
U
CO
PQ
PH
to
S-t
01
to
CO
H
m
o
4J
CO
CU Q
Jj §
J=
4-1 -
M •
O O
C 0
/-N 4J
•H 4J
a CM
VO rH 1
ro co o
OS O> 00
CO 1^. CM
^»
c
cfl
ex
a
o
u
rH
cfl
o
CJ)
J~
4-1
3
PS
^
cfl
IE!
60
-------
Table 3. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER PREEPORT (E) AND
LOWER FREEPORT (D) COAL OVERBURDENS AT THE P. B. S. COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD ONE
Sample
No.
Al
Bl
B21t
B22t
C
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Depth
(feet)
0.0-0.6
0.6-0.9
0.9-l.fc
1.4-1.9
1.9-4.0
4.0-5.0
5-0-6.0
6.0-7.0
7.0-8.0
8.0-9.0
9.0-10.0
10.0-11.0
11.0-12.0
12.0-13.0
13.0-14.0
14.0-15.0
15.0-16.0
16.0-17.0
17.0-18.0
18.0-19.0
19-0-20.0
20.0-21.2
21.2-22.4
22.4-23.6
23.6-24.8
24.8-26.0
26.0-27.2
27.2-28.4
28.4-29.6
29.6-30.8
30.8-32.0
32.0-33.2
33.2-34.1*
34.4-35.6
35-6-36.8
36.8-38.0
38.0-39.2
39.2-42.6
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
SS
MS
MS
MR
MR
MR
SS
MR
MS
MR
MR
MR
MS
MR
MS
MS
MS
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
MR
SS
MR
MR
MS
SH
SH
UPPER
Color
10YR 6/4
2.5Y 7 A
10YR 7/4
10YR 7/3
2.5Y 7 A
10YR 7/6
10YR 7/6
10YR 7A
10YR 7 A
10YR 8/4
10YR 7/3
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 7/4
10YR 7/4
2.5Y 7/2
7.5YR 6/8
10YR 7/4
10YR 7/3
7-5YR 7/6
7.5YR 7/6
10YR 6/1
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7/2
5Y 7/2
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
10YR 6/1
5Y 7/1
10YR 5/1
10YR 4/1
10YR 4/1
FREEPORT COAL
Water
Slaking
2
7
6
7
6
7
7
5
6
7
2
1
l
0
0
5
1
4
4
5
4
10
10
8
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
3
2
7
3
2
61
-------
Table 3. continued
Sample
No.
33
3U
35
36
37
38
39
1*0
Itl
1*2
U3
1*1+
1+5
1+6
1+7
1*8
U9
50
51
52
53
5U
55
56
57
58
59
60
6l
62
63
LOWER
Depth
(feet)
1*2.6-1*5.6
1*5.6-1*6.8
1*6.8-1+8.0
1*8.0-1*9-2
1*9-2-50.1*
50.1*- 51. 6
51.6-52.8
52. 8-5!*. 0
51*. 0-55- 2
55.2-56.1*
56.1*-57-6
57.6-58.8
58.8-60.0
60.0-61.2
61.2-62.1*
62.1*-63.6
63. 6-61*. 8
61*. 8-66.0
66.0-67.2
67.2-68.1*
68.1+-69.6
69.6-70.2
70.2-70.8
70.8-71.lt
71.1*-72.0
72.0-73.2
73.2-71+.!+
7U.U-75.6
75.6-76.8
76.8-78.0
78.0-79.2
79.2-80.1*
FREEPORT COAL (D)
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
MS
MR
MR
MR
MR
SH
MR
SH
SH
SH
MR
MR
SH
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
Garb
Garb
Carb
Garb
SH
SH
Coal
SH
SH
SH
SH
Color
5Y 7/2
5Y 8/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 5/2
5Y 7/1
10YR 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
10YR 3/1
5YR 2/1
10YR 3/1
5YR 3/1
10YR 1*/1
10YR 1*/1
5YR 2/1
10YR 1*/1
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 5/2
Water
Slaking
6
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
62
-------
Table U. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT (E) AND
LOWER FREEPORT (D) COAL OVERBURDENS AT THE P. B. S. COAL COMPANY'S
MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ONE
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
A!
B!
B21t
B22t
CT
1
2
3
U
5
6
T
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
PH
(paste)
U.3
U.I
U.O
U.O
3.9
3.9
U.2
U.2
U.3
U.3
U.2
U.U
U.5
5.9
5.1
U.9
5.1
U.5
U.5
U.U
5.0
5.8
5.0
5.6
6.2
5.U
5.2
6.8
5.6
6.1
7.2
7.6
7.5
7.0
6.5
U.5
PH
(1:1)
U.5
U.U
U.2
U.I
U.2
U.i
U.U
U.5
U.5
U.6
U.5
U.6
U.7
5.1
5.3
5.1
5-1
U.7
U.6
U.6
5.2
5.7
U.8
5-2
6.1
5-3
5.2
6.U
5-U
5.8
7-0
7-3
7.6
7.0
6.U
U.7
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
2.0
2.0
6.5
6.0
7-0
7-5
6.5
3.0
8.0
5-5
U.5
U.O
3.5
2.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
5.0
6.0
6.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.0
0.5 •
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
0
0
0
0
1.0
1.0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Its.)
92
92
100
95
109
131
150
92
139
167
187
210
202
191
191
131
198
160
153
lU7
289
171
222
270
3U3
317
322
307
307
298
2U3
218
275
289
307
280
Ca
(IDs.)
80
Uo
UO
Uo
80
Uo
80
80
2UO
Uo
UO
120
2UO
720
8UO
680
760
280
160
80
800
880
680
8UO
800
760
800
1920
1000
800
3120
2720
66UO
2080
3920
3760
Mg
(ibs. )
6
12
12
12
18
6
30
30
156
72
8U
120
180
576
588
516
528
192
lUU
72
660
600
56U
672
600
U32
uuu
U80
U20
396
7UU
528
516
U32
U56
U92
P
(Ibs.)
88
85
20
20
19
25
U7
U3
U3
27
25
35
50
U8
U5
58
U8
37
38
31
62
111
103
lU2
9U
200
200
3U2
2U6
216
29UG
360G
360G
3U2
385
385
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(ibs.)
13.2
8.9
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
U.5
6.8
2.2
2.2
2.2
6.8
15.9
6.8
U.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
9-1
12.0
7.2
U.8
2.U
2.U
2.U
2.U
2.U
7.2
2.U
U.8
9.2
U.8
U.8
U.8
63
-------
Table h. continued
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
32
UPPER
33
31+
35
36
37
38
39
i+o
1*1
1*2
1+3
1*1*
1*5
U6
1*7
1*8
1*9
50
51
52
53
51*
55
56
57
58
59
60
,6l
62
63
LOWER
pH
(paste)
7-3
FREEPORT
7.0
8.0
8.1
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
7-9
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
7-6
7.7
8.0
8.1
8.0
8.0
8.1
7.8
7-5
7-7
7-5
7.9
8.0
3-9
7-6
7-9
8.0
7-9
FREEPORT
PH
(1:1)
6.9
COAL (E)
7-1
7-8
8.1
8.1
8.0
7-8
7-9
7-9
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1
7.7
7-7
8.0
8.0
7.8
7-9
8.0
7.7
7-1*
7.6
7.1*
7.7
7.8
3.6
7-3
7.6
7.7
7.7
COAL (D)
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0
0
0
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs. )
100
280
312
359
327
1*05
1*37
1+32
1*21
lao
1*32
380
1*27
302
256
280
353
1*21
1*05
332
312
338
280
312
302
1*00
1*10
11*5
353
380
1*16
395
Ca
(Ibs.)
1760
2160
7360
7520
1*560
2560
3920
3920
301*0
3760
3520
7760
1*720
91*1*0
8800
1*61*0
221+0
21*80
3120
5760
1*1*00
2880
2320
5680
221*0
3680
3600
960
181*0
2000
2160
181*0
Mg
(Ibs. )
1*68
516
801*
780
1+92
501*
612
528
501*
696
636
708
888
588
768
1*68
396
1*68
1*68
660
1*80
1*1*1*
336
1*56
1*68
912
888
192
378
501*
528
372
P
(Ibs.)
360
183
91+
111
128
183
216
200
291*
256
192
128
171*
200
167
360
192
291*
360
372G
372G
308
31*2
385
21*6
256
216
115
200
238
21*6
256
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(ibs. )
2.1*
1+.8
2.1+
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.U
2.1*
2.1*
2.1*
2.1+
1.2
0.5
1*.8
lt.8
1*.8
2.1*
2.1*
2.1+
1*.8
1+.8
2.1+
2.U
1+.8
2.1*
2.1*
1*.5
U.5
2.2
2.2
U.5
2.2
64
-------
Table 5. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE UPPER FREEPORT (E) AND
LOWER FREEPORT (D) COAL OVERBURDENS AT THE
P. B. S. COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ONE
Sample
No.
Al
Bl
B21t
B22t
C
1
2
3
1*
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Value
and
Chroma
6/k
7A
7A
7/3
7A
7/6
7/6
7A
7A
8/1*
7/3
8/2
7A
7A
7/2
6/8
7A
7/3
7/6
7/6
6/1
7A
7/2
7/2
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
7/1
5/1
U/l
Tons CaCo^ Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
%s
.010
.010
.010
.015
.015
.025
.020
.010
.015
.005
.005
.005
.010
.005
.005
.025
.005
.010
.005
.010
.180
.oUo
.015
.020
.035
.050
.115
.050
.070
.070
.060
.070
.100
.060
.225
.325
Maximum
(from $S)
.31
.31
.31
.1*7
.vr
• 78
.63
.31
.1*7
.16
.16
.16
.31
.16
.16
.78
.16
.31
.16
.31
5.63
1.25
.1*7
.62
1.09
1.56
3.59
1.56
2.19
2.19
1.87
2.19
3.12
1.87
7.03
10.16
Amount Maximum
Present Needed (pH 7)
- 0.7l*
- 0.50
- 2.23
- 2.1*5
- 2.95
- 2.23
- 2.23
.25
- 1.U9
- 1.1*9
- 1.2l*
0
1.2l*
.99
1.73
- 1.98
• 50
- 1.1*9
- 1.1*9
- .71*
3.19
1*.68
.50
It. 18
lU.03
6.1*1
6.1*1
12.55
6.16
10.10
12.80
15.52
19-95
11.09
18.71
13.29
1.05
.81
2.51*
2.92
3.1*2
3.01
2.86
.06
1.96
1.65
1.1*0
.16
2.76
1.80
1.65
1.05
2.1*1*
Excess
CaC03
• 93
.83
1.57
.31*
3.1*3
.03
3.56
12.91*
1*.85
2.82
10.99
3.97
7.91
10.93
13.33
16.83
9.22
11.68
3.13
65
-------
Table 5. continued
Sample
No.
32
UPPER
33
3h
35
36
37
38
39
ho
1*1
1*2
1*3
1*1*
45
1*6
1*7
1*8
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
6l
62
63
LOWER
Value
and
Chroma
Vl
FREEPORT
7/2
8/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/2
5/2
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
3/1
2/1
3/1
3/1
4/1
4/i
2/1
4/i
5/2
5/2
5/2
FREEPORT
Tons CaCOo Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
COAL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COAL
%S
.125
(E)
.11*0
.050
.01*0
.035
.020
.020
.030
.020
.015
.010
.015
.015
.025
.125
.110
.020
.01*0
.030
.01*0
.060
.030
.150
.100
.1*00
.100
.125
.625
.125
.100
.01*0
.030
(D)
Maximum
(from %S)
3.91
1*.38
1.56
1.25
1.09
.63
.63
• 94
.63
.47
.31
A7
.47
• 78
3.91
3.44
.63
1.25
.94
1.25
1.88
.91*
1*.69
3.13
12.50
3.13
3.91
19.53
3.91
3.13
1.25
.94
Amount
Present
17-00
15.77
21.93
22.92
17.75
6.16
- .71*
7.15
3.94
9.11
7.65
15.77
15.02
27.82
36.77
13.01*
1*.18
1*.68
7.87
15.27
12.33
6.16
1*.18
ll*.53
12.82
17.00
19.70
.74
3A1*
11.83
9.11
7.65
Maximum Excess
Heeded (pH 7) CaC03
13.09
11.39
20.37
21.67
16.66
5.53
1.37
6.21
3.31
8.61*
7.31*
15.30
14.55
27.01*
32.86
9.60
3.55
3A3
6.93
14.02
10.1*5
5.22
• 51
11.1*0
.32
13.87
15.79
18.79
AT
8.70
7.86
6.71
66
-------
Table 6. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT (E) AM)
LOWER FREEPORT (D) COAL OVERBURDENS AT THE P. B. S. COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD OWE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
it
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2it
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3*t
Depth
(feet)
0.0-22. it
22.1t-23.6
23.6-2U.8
2 U. 8-26.0
26.0-27.2
27. 2-28. U
28.it-29.6
29-6-30.8
30.8-32.0
32.0-33.2
33.2-3it.it
3U.U-35.6
35-6-36.8
36.8-38.0
38.0-39-2
39.2-it2.6
Ii2.6-Mt.it
M.U-U5.6
U5.6-U6.8
it6.8-it8.0
it8. 0-^9.2
U9.2-50.it
50. It- 51. 6
51.6-52.8
52.8-5U.O
5U.O-55-2
55. 2-56. it
56.H-57-6
57-6-58.8
58.8-60.0
60.0-61.2
61.2-62.U
62.1t-63.6
63.6-61i.8
6 It. 8-66.0
66.0-67.2
67. 2-68. k
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
SS
SS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
Color
2.5Y 7/2
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
10YR Vl
10YR Vl
10YR 5/1
Water
Slaking
U
k
1
3
3
2
1
1
it
3
3
2
3
3
UPPER FREEPORT COAL (E)
NOT SAMPLED
MS
MS
MS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MS
10YR 5/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
2.5Y 7/2
5Y 7/2
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
10YE it/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
10YR 6/1
6
6
5
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
-
67
-------
Table 6. continued
Sample
No.
35
36
37
38
39
Uo
111
Depth
(feet)
68.U-69.6
69.6-70.8
70.8-72.0
72.0-73.2
73.2-7U.U
jli. li-75. 6
75-6-76.8
76. 8-80. U
Rock
Type
MS
Garb
Garb
MS
MS
Coal
Garb
NOT SAMPLED
Color
5Y 7/1
10YR 2/1
10YR 3/1
10YR U/l
5YR U/l
N 2/0
10YR 3/1
Water
Slaking
-
-
-
-
-
-
LOWER FREEPORT COAL (D)
68
-------
Table 1. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT (E) AND LOWER
FREEPORT (D) COAL OVERBURDENS AT THE P. B. S. COAL COMPANY'S
MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand
Lime
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample pH pH merit K
No. (paste) (l:l) (tons) (ibs.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
111
UPPER
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
5.5
5.6
5-5
6.5
6.2
7.3
7-0
7-8
7.1
6.9
6.7
5-5
6.U
7-0
FREEPORT
3.U
6.6
7-9
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.0
7.8
7-9
8.1
8.1
5.U
5-5
5.5
6.1*
6.1
7-1
6.9
7.6
7.6
6.8
6.5
5.1*
6.2
6.8
COAL (E)
3.U
6.1
7.7
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.0
7-9
7-9
8.1
8.2
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0.5
0
2.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23U
302
U37
3U8
312
302
266
183
270
327
317
28U
332
31*3
230
289
283
293
327
275
353
369
289
307
327
312
338
317
3U3
1*21
1*37
390
Ca
) (Ibs.)
1680
1120
880
1520
2800
2720
1600
6080
1*720
2800
1*320
1680
2080
1920
1680
181*0
9760
9760
8800
11360
7120
3680
7120
7760
8800
8960
8800
7920
1*080
2800
2800
3760
Mg
(Ibs.
900
780
5UO
1*80
501*
552
561*
1656
600
50U
1*92
516
1*80
528
552
1*92
660
708
612
1*80
852
732
91*8
672
696
50l*
672
576
561*
56U
576
636
Xlbs.)
21*6
103
123
216
308
3l*2
29!*
77G
385G
3l*2G
372
291*
3l*2
308
97
21*6
67
35
82
1*3
128
21*6
77
67
9U
82
123
ll*2
320
183
200
200
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
2l*.3
U.5
6.7
U.5
6.7
U.5
6.7
U.5
6.7
6.7
8.9
6.7
6.7
6.7
1*.5
1*.5
1*.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
2.2
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
6.7
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
69
-------
Table 7- continued
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
33
31*
35
36
37
38
39
1*0
1+1
PH
(paste)
8.1
8.1
8.2
7.6
7.6
7.8
7.9
5.1+
7.8
pH
(1:1)
8.1
8.2
8.2
7.8
7.8
7.8
8.0
5-6
7.8
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs. )
1*59
i+oo
380
371*
371*
1+59
1+61+
270
1*90
Ca
(Ibs. )
1*1+60
7920
1*720
2320
1*560
2720
1*160
1600
21*00
Mg
(Ibs.)
576
1*68
720
1*08
621*
636
1188
336
528
Bicarbonate
P
(Ibs. )
320G
115
2l*6G
300
385G
291*
ll*2G
200
238
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
6.7
It. 5
1*.5
1*.5
4.5
U.5
2.1*
0.5
0.5
LOWER FREEPORT COAL (D)
70
-------
Table 8. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE UPPER FREEPORT (E) AND
LOWER FREEPORT (D) COAL OVERBURDENS AT THE P. B. S. COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
h
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
UPPER
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
31*
35
36
Value
and
Chroma
7/2
7/1
8/0
7/1
7/0
7/1
7/1
6/1
6/1
7/1
7/1
1*/1
1*/1
5/1
FREEPORT
5/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/2
7/2
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
Vi
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
7/1
2/1
Tons CaCOg Equivalent /Thousand Tons
Fiz
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COAL
0
0
2
3
2
1*
1
0
1
2
2
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
foS
.035
.050
.060
.oi*o
.050
.080
.060
.050
.080
.030
.180
.160
.300
.150
(E)
.560
.130
.090
.020
.030
.020
.oUo
.010
.030
.030
.030
.030
.oUo
.oUo
.080
.030
.020
.020
.030
.030
.030
.100
Maximum
(from %S]
1.09
1.56
1.88
1.25
1.56
2.50
1.88
1.56
2.50
.91*
5.63
5-00
9-38
U.69
17.50
>*.06
2.81
.63
.91*
.63
1.25
.31
• 9fc
.91*
.91*
• 91*
1.25
1.25
2.50
.91*
.63
.63
.91*
.91*
.91*
3.13
Amount Maximum
Present Needed (pH 7)
2.70
5.17
7AO
15.02
8.39
10.35
8.86
19.1*5
12.08
1U.53
11.09
31. OU
11.09
1U.03
i
- 1.98 19.U8
U.21
35.96
86. U5
33.02
7U.10
16.02
5-92
27.60
39.!*0
33.98
1*8.15
27.32
2U.38
9.85
U.18
7.62
13.79
13.79
21.21
1U.52
3.19
Material
Excess
CaC03
1.61
3.6l
5-52
13-77
6.83
7.85
6.98
17.89
9-58
13.59
5.1*6
26.0U
1.71
9.3U
.15
33.15
85.82
32.08
73.1*7
11*. 77
5.6l
26.66
38.1*6
33.01*
1*7.21
26.07
23.13
7.35
3.2U
6.99
13.16
12.85
20.27
13.58
.06
71
-------
Table 8. continued
Value
Sample and
No.
37
38
39
ho
la
LOWER
Chroma
3/1
U/l
Vl
2/0
3/1
FREEPORT
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
COAL
Tons
CaC03
Maximum
$S (from %S)
.175
.100
.200
.600
.200
(D)
5.
3.
6.
18.
6.
1*7
13
25
75
25
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount Maximum
Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
9-
8.
19.
3.
3.
36
12
21
9U lU.81
9U 2.31
3.89
b.99
12.96
72
-------
Table 9. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL
OVERBURDEN AT THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD ONE
Sample
No.
1
2
3
H
5
6
T
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
Depth
(feet)
0.0-1.0
1.0-3.0
3.0-U.O
U. 0-5.0
5.0-6.0
6.0-7.0
7.0-8.0
8.0-9-0
9.0-10.0
10.0-11.0
11.0-12.0
12.0-13-0
13.0-lU.O
lU. 0-15.0
15.0-16.0
16.0-17.0
17.0-18.0
18.0-19.0
19-0-20.0
20.0-21.0
21.0-22.0
22.0-23.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
SS
SS
MR
MS
Garb
UPPER
Color
2.5Y 6A
10YR 6/6
7-5YR 6/6
2.5Y 7 A
7.5YR 6/6
10YR 6/6
7-5YR 5/6
10YR 5/8
7.5YR 6/6
2.5Y 7 A
10YR 6A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7A
10YR 7 A
2.5Y 7A
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 3/2
FREEPORT COAL
Water
Slaking
8
8
7
9
5
7
k
3
3
U
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
U
2
73
-------
Table 10. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL
OVERBURDEN AT THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ONE
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
pH
(paste)
4.5
k.6
k.6
It. 6
k.6
k.6
k.6
k.Q
k.6
k.6
k.k
k.6
5-1
5.2
5-5
5.7
5-9
6.0
6.1
5-9
3-7
UPPER
PH
(1:1)
4.0
4.2
k.3
k.2
k.2
k.2
k.2
k.3
4.1
k.2
k.2
k.2
k.7
k.9
5-1
5-3
5.1*
5.6
5.8
5.7
3.5
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
4.5
4.5
3.0
2.5
4.0
3.5
4.5
3.5
3.0
5.0
3.5
3.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs.)
374
120
145
128
128
128
122
142
131
131
142
134
147
145
134
111
106
103
120
136
171
Ca
(Ibs. )
1360
240
200
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
880
880
720
800
880
560
1840
1600
1440
Mg
(its.)
192
96
96
84
78
84
84
84
84
84
60
60
348
348
264
252
264
216
624
624
396
P
(ibs.)
34
31
65
31
45
32
67
52
38
47
45
40
48
56
58
75
72
72
100
67
32
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(ibs. )
20.4
2.2
2.2
2.2
9-1
4.5
63.8
6.8
6.8
18.2
6.8
4.5
9-1
15-9
11.4
13.6
6.8
2.2
13.6
6.7
4.5
FREEPORT COAL
74
-------
Table H, ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL OVERBURDEN AT
THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ONE
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Value
and
Chroma
6/4
6/6
6/6
7/4
6/6
6/6
5/6
5/8
6/6
7/4
6/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
7A
7/2
7/4
6/2
3/2
UPPER
Fiz
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
*S
.o4o
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.010
.010
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.050
.005
.055
.700
Tons CaCOj
Maximum
(from $3)
1.25
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.31
.31
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
1.56
.16
1.72
21.87
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
1.24
- .49
- .49
.75
• 50
.50,
- .98
.25
.50
1.24
- .25
- .02
1.81
1.35
.88
1.59
2.50
2.50
4.34
2.28
- .71
Maximum
Needed (pH 7)
.01
.65
.65
1.14
.56
.33
22.58
Excess
CaC03
.59
.34
.34
.09
.34
1.08
1.65
1.19
.72
1.43
2.34
• 94
4.18
.56
FREEPORT COAL
75
-------
Table 12. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL
OVERBURDEN AT THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Depth
( feet )
0.0-1.0
1.0-3.0
3.0-4.0
4.0-5.0
5.0-6.0
6.0-7.0
7.0-8.0
8.0-9.0
9.0-10.0
10.0-11.0
11.0-12.0
12.0-13.0
13.0-14.0
14.0-15-0
15.0-16.0
16.0-17.0
17.0-18.0
18.0-19-0
19.0-20.0
20.0-22.0+
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
SS
MR
MR
Garb
UPPER
Color
10YR 6/6
7.5YR 5/6
7-5YR 5/6
7.5YR 6/6
10YR 6/6
7.5YR 5/6
2.5Y 7/4
10YR 6/6
2.5Y 7A
10YR 7/6
2.5Y 7/6
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/4
10YR 6/3
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 6/4
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 3/2
FREEPORT COAL
Water
Slaking
8
9
7
7
4
2
3
4
4
4
3
2
3
3
3
2
1
1
76
-------
Table 13. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL
OVERBURDEN AT THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
111
15
16
17
18
19
20
pH
(paste
U.U
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.5
U.5
U.U
U.5
U.6
5.1
5.8
6.1
6.U
U.U
3.2
UPPER
PH
(1:1)
3.9
U.2
U.I
U.2
U.I
U.2
U.I
U.2
U.2
U.2
U.2
U.3
U.U
U.9
5-U
5-9
6.1
U.3
3.2
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
U.5
U.O
3.0
U.O
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
5-5
U.5
U.O
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
2.5
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs. )
117
136
125
llU
13U
131
136
lU2
1U7
1U5
13U
150
139
131
llU
106
125
150
191
Ca
(Ibs.)
2UO
2UO
2UO
160
2UO
2UO
200
200
200
160
160
160
320
800
1200
6UO
22UO
2000
1680
Mg
(ibs.)
U8
96
96
78
8U
78
90
8U
96
8U
72
96
180
3U8
38U
180
768
672
UUU
p
(ibs. )
31
38
50
32
37
38
29
31
Uo
50
U7
U8
U8
52
75
65
111
58
31
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
U.5
U.5
2.2
U.5
U.5
9-1
U.5
6.8
9.1
9.1
11. U
11. U
9.1
13.6
20.5
11. U
9.1
2.2
U.5
FREEPORT COAL
77
-------
Table l4. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL OVERBURTWTf AT
THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
Value
and
Chroma
6/6
4/5
5/6
6/6
6/6
5/6
7/4
6/6
7A
7/6
7/6
7A
7A
7/4
6/3
7A
6A
5/2
3/2
UPPER
Fiz
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
%S
.030
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.040
.135
.725
FREEPORT
Tons CaC03
Maximum
(from $S)
• 94
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
1.25
4.22
22.66
COAL
Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
- .49
- .U9
• 75
- .7^
- .24
.00
- .49
• 50
-2.72
- .25
2.28
.20
.20
3.19
2.03
.88
6.17
2.50
- .93
Maximum
Needed (pH 7)
1.43
.65
.90
.40
.16
.65
2.88
.41
1.72
23.59
Excess
CaC03
.59
.34
2.12
.04
.04
3.03
1.87
.72
4.92
78
-------
Table 15. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL OVER-
BURDEN AT THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN THREE
Sample
No.
1
2
3
k
5
6
T
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
UPPER FREEPORT
Depth
(feet)
0.0- 1.0
1.0- 3.0
3.0- U.O
U.o- 5.0
5.0- 6.0
6.0- 7-0
7.0- 8.0
8.0- 8.5
8.5- 9-0
9.0-10.0
10.0-11.0
11.0-12.0
12.0-13.0
13.0-lU.O
lU. 0-15-0
15.0-16.0
16.0-17.0
17.0-18.0
18.0-19-0
19.0-20.0
20.0-21.0
21.0-22.0
22.0-23.0
COAL
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
SS
SS
SS
MR
MR
Color
10YR 6/6
10YR 5/6
10YR 6/8
7.5YR 6/8
10YR 6/6
10YR 7/6
10YR 8/6
7.5YR 7/8
2.5Y 7 A
10YR 7 A
2.5Y 7A
2.5Y 7 A
10YR 6/6
2.5Y 6/6
2.5Y 6 A
2.5Y 7/1*
2.5Y 7A
10YR 6/6
10YR 7/3
2.5Y 7/2
5Y 8/1
2.5Y 7 A
10YR U/l
Water
Slaking
9
9
k
8
5
U
8
2
2
3
5
5
3
5
3
2
3
2
0
1
2
2
79
-------
Table 16. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL OVER-
BURDEN AT THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN THREE
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
PH
(paste)
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.2
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.1
6.1
6.3
6.3
6.7
6.9
7.2
6.6
3.2
Lime
Require-
pH ment
(1:1) (tons)
4.1
4.' 2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.1
4.1
3-9
4.1
4.2
4.4
4.7
5-7
6.0
5.8
6.3
6.8
6.8
6.5
3.3
4.5
2.0
5.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
4.5
4.0
4.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
2.0
1.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
0.5
0
0
0
2.5
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs. ]
95
142
125
125
125
125
136
142
134
145
139
150
160
167
164
142
111
125
1U5
128
125
179
218
Ca
Klbs.)
480
240
24 0
160
240
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
240
64o
1600
2080
io4o
1200
1280
4560
1360
2000
1760
Mg
(Ibs.)
108
120
108
90
96
84
90
96
96
96
72
108
180
456
552
504
252
300
360
1164
360
480
516
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(ibs. ) (ibs. )
35
47
47
40
31
42
31
45
35
31
38
42
56
50
256
294
142
132
119
65G
91G
153
34
1*5
4l5
4.5
4.5
4.5
13.2
4.5
4.5
8.9
6.7
6.7
4.5
17.6
20.0
37.7
17.6
8.9
24.3
8.9
4.5
2.2
13.6
2.2
UPPER FREEPORT COAL
80
-------
Table IT- ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL OVERBURDEN AT
THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN THREE
Value
Sample and
No . Chroma
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
111
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
UPPER
6/6
5/6
6/8
6/8
6/6
7/6
8/6
7/8
7A
7A
7A
7A
6/6
6/6
6A
7A
7A
6/6
7/3
7/2
8/1
7A
Vl
FREEPORT
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
0
COAL
%S
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.010
.010
.005
.005
.010
.005
.030
.oUo
.050
.185
1.000
Maximum
(from $S)
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.31
.31
.16
.16
.31
.16
.9k
1.25
1.56
5.78
31.25
Amount
Present
- 1.U8
- .1*9
- 1.73
.00
- .98
.75
.00
- .7U
- 2.22
- .2U
- .UT
- .22
- .22
2.25
3.63
U.09
3.63
2.50
7.25
20.19
15.88
8.16
2.9k
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
1.6U
.65
1.89
.16
l.ll*
.16
• 90
2.38
.Uo
.63
.38
.53
28.31
• 59
1.9^
3.VT
3.93
3.32
2.3k
6.31
18. 9U
1U.32
2.38
81
-------
Table 18. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL OVER-
BURDEN AT THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN FOUR
Sample
No.
Ap
Bl
B21
B22t
C
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
111
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2h
25
26
27
28
29
30
Depth
(feet)
0.0- 0.5
0.5- 1.0
1.0- 1.3
1.3- 1.8
1.8- 1*.0
U.O- 5.0
5.0- 6.0
6.0- 7-0
7.0- 7-7
7.7- 8.0
8.0- 9-0
9-0- 9-7
9.7-10.0
10.0-11.0
11.0-12.0
12.0-13.0
13.0-llt.O
lit. 0-15.0
15.0-16.0
16.0-17.0
17.0-18.0
18.0-19.0
19.0-20.0
20.0-21.0
21.0-22.0
22.0-23-0
23.0-2lt.O
214.0-25.0
25.0-26.0
26.0-27.0
27.0-28.0
28.0-29-0
29.0-30.0
30.0-31.0
31.0-32.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MR
MS
MR
MR
Garb.
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
NOT SAMPLED
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
SH
SH
SH
Color
10YR 5/3
10YR 7 A
10YR 7A
10YR 7 A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 6 A
2.5Y 7 A
10YR h/I
10YR k/1
5YR 2/1
2.5Y 6/2
10YR 6/3
10YR 6/2
10YR 6/6
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7A
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 6 A
5Y 7/2
5Y 7/3
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7 A
10YR 5/6
10YR 5/8
2.5Y 7 A
10YR 6/6
2.5Y 6A
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7A
2.5Y 7/1*
Water
Slaking
1
7
7
7
8
2
5
2
2
1
3
k
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
k
3
U
5
1
2
1
1
0
0
0
82
-------
Table 18.continued
Sample
No.
31
32
33
3H
35
36
37
38
39
UO
Ul
1*2
U3
UU
U5
U6
UT
U8
U9
50
51
52
53
5^
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
6U
65
66
67
68
69
UPPER FREEPORT
Depth
(feet)
32.0-33.0
33.0-3U.O
3U. 0-35.0
35.0-36.0
36.0-37.0
37.0-38.0
38.0-39.0
39-0-UO.O
Uo.o-Ui.o
U1.0-U2.0
U2.0-U3.0
U3.0-UU.O
UU.O-U5.0
U5.0-U6.0
U6.0-U7.0
U7.0-U8.0
U8.0-U9.0
U9. 0-50.0
50.0-51.0
51.0-52.0
52.0-53.0
53.0-5^.0
5U. 0-55.0
55.0-56.0
56.0-57.0
57.0-58.0
58.0-59.0
59.0-60.0
60.0-61.0
61.0-62.0
62.0-63.0
63.0-6U.O
6U. 0-65.0
65.0-66.0
66.0-67.0
67.0-68.0
68.0-69.0
69.0-70.0
70.0-71.0
COAL
Rock
lype
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
Garb.
Garb.
Garb.
Garb.
Color
N 8/0
2.5Y 7/U
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 7/0
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
10YR 5/1
10YR U/l
10YR 3/1
5YR 2/1
N 2/0
N 2/0
Water
Slaking
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
33
-------
Table 19. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL
OVERBURDEN AT THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN FOUR
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
Ap
Bl
B21
B22t
C
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Hi
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
27
28
PH
(paste)
U.5
U.6
U.U
U.U
U.5
U.6
U.5
U.5
U.I*
U.I*
U.U
U.3
U.8
U.9
U.9
U.7
U.8
U.8
U.9
U.8
U.9
U.9
U.7
U.9
U.8
5-0
5.5
5-8
5-9
6.8
6.6
6.2
PH
(1:1)
U.3
U.U
U.2
U.2
U.2
U.U
U.3
U.3
U.2
U.2
U.2
3.9
U.5
U.6
U.6
U.U
U.U
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.6
U.8
NOT
5.U
5.6
5.8
6.7
6.7
6.1
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
U.O
2.5
3-5
U.O
U.O
3.0
5.0
U.O
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
3.5
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
3.0
U.O
3.0
1.5
SAMPLED
1.5
1.0
1.0
0
0
1.0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
98
69
llU
llU
122
191
lU2
198
218
92
167
206
275
167
175
160
210
210
252
218
2U3
230
175
206
175
153
198
171
191
218
191
210
Ca
(Ibs.)
880
6UO
Uoo
320
320
520
6UO
6UO
UUo
280
320
560
6UO
6UO
720
Uoo
UUO
Uoo
Uoo
U80
560
6UO
880
880
6UO
560
1120
800
1920
3UUO
22UO
1120
Mg
(Ibs. )
132
lUU
156
156
192
156
156
168
lUU
U2
lUU
300
U80
U08
U56
300
32U
300
336
330
U20
U68
U68
5UO
U20
360
720
600
552
U92
U32
U56
P
(Ibs. )
23
35
38
3U
U5
52
38
5U
56
22
72
52
91
52
U8
29
38
U7
U7
52
U5
Uo
52
56
69
111
85
82
360
372
372
lU7
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs. )
6.7
2.2
2.2
2.2
U.5
U.5
U.5
6.7
6.7
11.0
2U.3
U.5
U8.6
U.5
6.8
2.2
U.5
6.8
6.8
15.9
2.2
2.2
6.7
U.5
U.5
15. U
13.2
11.0
11.0
8.9
11.0
6.7
84
-------
Table 19. continued
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
1*1
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
5>*
55
56
57
58
59
60
6l
62
63
61*
PH
(paste)
6.4
6.6
7-2
7.3
7.2
7.1*
7-5
7.5
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.2
7.7
7.9
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.9
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.5
7.7
7.5
7-7
PH
(1:1)
6. it
6.6
7.1
7.2
7.1
7-2
7-3
7.3
7.6
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.6
7.3
7.3
7-5
7.4
7.1
7.5
7.8
7.8
7.7
7-9
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.3
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.4
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Its. )
2lU
261
252
230
261
312
275
252
270
256
275
280
261
312
238
266
247
238
247
247
243
317
275
298
298
289
280
270
252
256
266
252
210
Ca
(Ibs.)
1200
1600
2000
2880
1760
2080
1520
1680
3280
2880
18UO
1920
1920
2800
1600
1600
2000
2560
2000
3520
1+320
2160
1+21+0
2320
221+0
2960
1280
3680
301+0
2560
2560
1760
1+160
Mg
(Ibs.)
501+
516
372
1+1+1+
360
360
321+
300
381+
321+
300
312
312
321+
252
288
312
1+32
312
1+20
1+1+1+
360
1+08
360
1+08
360
201+
3l+8
1+08
336
300
252
981+
P
(Ibs. )
111
291+
360
360
291+
360
29!+
291+
300G
360G
300
300
137
360 G
216
192
29U
291+
300
192 G
132G
294
200G
21+6G
183
2U6G
238
360G
308 G
308 G
31+2 G
300
97 G
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs. )
8.9
11.0
4.5
6.7
6.7
1+.5
2.2
2.2
1+.5
6.7
2.2
1+.5
2.2
1+.5
1+.5
4.5
4.5
6.8
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
NOT SAMPLED
7.3
3.1
7.0
3.1
0
2.0
289
256
2000
2000
1+56
561+
128
37
4.5
2.2
85
-------
Table 19- continued
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
65
66
67
68
69
PH
(paste )
3.0
2.8
2.8
3.0
3.1
PH
(1:1)
3.1
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.3
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
2.0
2.5
2.0
1.0
1.0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs. )
252
198
202
111+
78
Ca
(11)8.)
2080
18UO
iWtO
1520
6UO
Mg
(Ibs. )
600
336
32k
120
96
Bicarbonate
P
(Ibs.)
31
183G
72G
29*tG
32G
Extracted
P
(Ibs.}
2.2
2.2
2.2
k.5
2.2
UPPER FREEPORT COAL
86
-------
Table 20. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL OVERBURDEN
AT THE MARY RUTH COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ONE, COLUMN FOUR
Sample
No.
Ap
Bl
B2i
B22t
C
1
2
3
h
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
2h
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Value
and
Chroma
5/3
TA
TA
TA
TA
6A
TA
U/l
Vl
2/1
6/2
6/3
6/2
6/6
TA
TA
T/2
TA
T/2
6A
T/2
T/3
TA
TA
5/6
5/8
TA
6/6
6A
T/2
T/2
T/2
TA
TA
8/0
TA
8/0
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons
Fiz
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
NOT
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
Maximum
%S (from $S)
.030
.015
.015
.010
.015
.010
.015
.025
.015
.2T5
.015
.020
.005
.010
.010
.005
.005
.005
.010
.005
.005
.005
.035
.005
.005
.015
SAMPLED
.005
.055
.025
.035
.025
• OT5
.020
.020
.015
.020
.025
• 9U
.1*7
.HT
.31
AT
.31
.UT
.T8
AT
8.59
.UT
.62
.16
.31
.31
.16
.16
.16
.31
.16
.16
.16
1.09
.16
.16
AT
.16
1.T2
.T8
1.09
.T8
2.3U
.62
.62
.1*7
.62
.T8
Amount Maximum
Present Needed (pH T)
1.62
- .22
- 1.35
- 1.13
.25
0
- 1.13
- .20
0
- 1.13
- .22
- .1*1*
.69
1.62
1.81+
• 93
• 93
1.62
1.62
1.15
1.62
1.3T
1.89
2.13
• Tl
2.62
^•75
2.8U
U.51
11.86
9-75
6.66
6.88
11.17
11.88
12. 8U
8.33
.69
1.82
l.U
.22
.31
1.60
.98
• U7
9-72
.69
1.06
Material
Excess
CaC03
.68
• 53
1.31
1.53
• 77
• 77
1.1*6
1.31
.99
1.1*6
1.21
.80
1.97
.55
2.15
U.59
1.12
3.73
10.77
8.97
It. 32
6.26
10.55
11. Ul
12.22
7.55
87
-------
Table 20. continued
Value
Sample and
No . Chroma
34
35
36
3T
38
39
kO
in
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
UPPER
8/0
8/0
8/0
7/0
8/0
7/1
7/1
7/0
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/3
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
5/1
4/1
3/1
2/1
2/0
2/0
FREEPORT
Ton s CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NOT
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
COAL
Maximum
%S (from #S)
.015
.005
.015
.020
.045
.060
.030
.005
.020
.005
.020
.015
.015
.015
.020
.010
.010
.015
.050
.015
.010
.010
.015
.005
.015
.010
.045
.040
SAMPLED
.375
1.200
1.150
1.875
1.550
1.775
1.575
-47
.16
.47
.62
l.4i
1.87
.94
.16
.62
.16
.62
.47
.47
-47
.62
.31
.31
.47
1.56
.47
.31
.31
.47
.16
.47
.31
1.41
1.25
11.72
37.50
35.94
58.59
48.44
55-47
49.22
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
14.04
14.97
14.26
16.64
10.71
8.09
8.55
14.75
10.00
10.71
9.26
10.93
15.21
16.64
11.17
16.17
9.51
15.21
14.04
10.93
9-51
7.13
10.46
10.00
12.13
8.09
8.09
12.37
8.82
3.55
5.00
3.80
4.51
.22
.96
13.57
14.81
13.79
16.02
9.30
6.22
7.6l
14.59
9.38
10.55
8.64
10.46
14.74
16.17
10.55
15.86
9.20
14.74
12.48
10.46
9.20
6.82
9.99
9.84
11.66
7.78
6.68
11.12
2.90
33.95
30.94
54.79
43.93
55.25
48.26
88
-------
SECTION VII
EASTERN COAL PROVINCE: SOUTHEKN APPALACHIAN REGION
SUMMARY
This Region (Figure 5) encompasses Surface Mining Province #1 as
originally defined for West Virginia by Arkle (West Virginia University
1971). Extension to northeastern Alabama on the south and to
central Kentucky on the west has not added noticeably to the hetero-
geneity of overburden properties influencing soil and water quality.
From limited data it appears that pyritic sulphur contents may be
uniformly low in overburdens of the New River Formation, but more
variable at selected sites in the Kanawha Formation, probably near the
edge or shelf of the basin.
High pyritic sulphur contents found in Neighborhood 3 CTable 21) were
associated with marine fossils. Since this zone contains carbonates,
questions of potential acid-toxicity depend upon which is dominant,
neutralizers or acid formers, as measured by Acid-Base Accounting. In
some cases, siderite (Fe CO^) and ankerite (dolomite containing intrinsic
Fe replacing part of the Mg) may constitute a significant proportion of
the neutralizers, resulting in ferrous iron and high available magnesium
in acid soiltest extractions.
In this Region, more detailed attention should be given to overburden
properties that influence physical stability on steep slopes. Advance
knowledge of rock types and their physical stability or tendency toward
slippage could aid planned placement of materials to assure stability.
Only limited attention to this aspect of planning is evident. A little
more effort in this direction could help eliminate land slippage
problems to the same degree that chemical analysis is being used to
eliminate acid-toxicity.
NEIGHBORHOOD 2: MLNGO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA AND PIKE COUNTY, KENTUCKY
The geologic sequence from the Williamson coal overburden to the
Alma coal was studied in Strafford district of Mingo County, West
Virginia. The interval lies in the Kanawha formation of the
89
-------
i
^-"~ HACOItV
^-otArS i / ..r,, . ;
t 1 " * •
Figure 5. Neighborhoods in Southern Appalachian Region, Eastern
Coal Province.
90
-------
Pennsylvania geologic period (White, et al. 1914). The sequence
includes many recognizable horizons including the Dingess limestone zone
(Kendrick shale member) above the Williamson coal. The massive sandstone
of the Cedar Grove coal beds is a dominant member of the sequence. The
coals in the sequence are known for their properties, especially the
many partings of the Alma coal (White et al. 1914).
The most widely observed member of the sequence is the Dingess limestone
zone. This is a thin marine fossiliferous zone located in dark-gray
shaly mudrock with siderite nodules. The member correlates with the
Kendrick shale member of the eastern Kentucky coal reserve area. The
Kendrick shale member is underlain by the Amburgy coal, a highly
productive bed, in Kentucky and correlates with the Williamson in
West Virginia (Huddle, et^ jiiU 1963). This sequence is only found on
the highly elevated hills in the studied area.
The Cedar Grove sandstone occurs between the Williamson and Alma coals
of southern West Virginia. This is a sandstone that has zones where
carbonates act as cementing media for the quartz grains. The sandstone
is continuous but thins and thickens within the sequence. The sandstone
is broken by two coal beds, various mudrocks, and high carbon shales.
The high quality Upper Cedar Grove coal correlates with the Upper
Elkhorn No. 3 coal of Kentucky. The Lower Cedar Grove coal is split
into two beds and correlates with the Upper Elkhorn No. 2 coal of
Kentucky (Huddle, et^ al. 1963).
The Alma is a good quality coal with a uniformly dependable
occurrence in southern West Virginia. The coal bed tends to thin
towards the west and correlates with the Upper Elkhorn No. 1 coal of
Kentucky (Huddle, et_ al. 1963). The coal splits into a multi-bedded
coal of two or three coal horizons with partings of high carbolithic
shale and mudrock (Tables 28-30). The fine textured parting material of
the Alma changes in potential acidity like other areas change in rock
type.
The properties of undisturbed soils of this area are obviously dependent
on topography, land use, and parent material. The area is composed of
high hills approximately 305 m (1000 ft) above stream level with very
steep slopes (approximately 70%) and narrow valleys. The deepest natural
upland soils are located on the ridges and footslopes of these hills.
The hill slopes may reach 80% in travelling from the ridge toward the
footslopes and narrow valleys. The sloping hillsides are highly eroded
with sandstone frequently appearing at the surface. Logging and burning
have contributed to severe erosion.
The vegetation of the area is of a perennial forest type with, the best
quality trees usually found on the lower north-facing footslopes. The
91
-------
vegetation is dependent on soil depth, moisture regime and nutrient
supply. At the PW-5 site CTables 22-24}, highly leached JDystrochrepts
soils of low plant nutrients and low water-holding capacity overlie the
massive Cedar Grove sandstone. The PW-6 site CTables 25-27) has
moderately-deep Hapludalfs soils that have a higher water-holding
capacity and plant nutrient supply. The lush growth of hercules1 club
(Aralia spinosa), red maple, and black locust at the PW-6 site contrasts
with the sparce growth of huckleberry, greenbrier, and sassafras at
the PW-5 site.
The major problems of the natural soil are depth, acidity, and available
plant nutrients. These problems may be partially solved in future
minesoils if parent materials are properly placed.
The material placed near the surface should consist of degradable
parent material for a desirable soil, plant growing medium. The majority
of the overburden material has an excess of neutralizers. The soil
material should have a texture in the loam range.
The major zones of high neutralization potential are located in the
massive Cedar Grove sandstone. Wherever this carbonate-cemented
sandstone is weak enough to disintegrate, it will serve as a source of
carbonates and coarse-textured separates for the new soil. Also,
carbonate accumulation occurs above each major coal horizon as indicated
by the excess calcium carbonate equivalents and fizz of the samples.
Ideally, a portion of the soil should consist of fine textured material
with an adequate supply of plant nutrients. This kind of soil
material is limited in this geologic sequence. Most of the shales,
mudrocks, and mudstones associated with the coals are satisfactory;
however, some of this fine-textured material is toxic or potentially-
toxic as noted by its Acid-Base Account, and should be blended with
materials having a dominance of neutralizers. Strongly cemented sand-
stone fragments should be available to provide mass stability at the
contact between original slopes and the overburden fills resulting from
mining.
The overburden rock strata should be blended so a favorable surface
texture is obtained. The new soil should be supplemented with fertilizer
when mulching and seeding are performed, to aid in rapid plant cover and
soil stability. The outslopes should include a high proportion of coarse
fragments to slow erosion.
Earlier reclamation of adjacent minesoils was satisfactory in all cases
where the pH was near neutral. The areas of lower pH, near 5, had less
plant growth. The root penetration was much better in the disturbed
soils than the natural soils. Some of the outslopes had good growth of
92
-------
Kentucky fescue and black locust among the large sandstone rocks,
while others were nearly bare with poor plant growth. The outslope
vegetation is dependent on pH and plant nutrients, steepness, and
erosion, unless controlled by large coarse fragments.
In neighboring Pikeville, Kentucky, a few overburden samples from the
Winifrede or Haddix coal (Tables 31-33) were studied for potential
acidity and plant nutrient status. This coal correlates with the
Winifrede or Quakertown of the Kanawha group of West Virginia (Pocahontas
Land Corporation, 1971). All the overburden samples appear low in acid
potential except for the carbolith parting under the mined coal horizon.
The overburden is sufficient in and all plant nutrients needed for good
reclamation except phosphorus if the carbolithic material is buried.
The minesoil should be supplemented with phosphorus and nitrogen
at the time of seeding.
NEIGHBORHOOD 3: HAZARD AREA, KENTUCKY
Sampling in this Neighborhood involved the Falcon Coal Co. (Tables 34-45)
located in Breathitt County and the Combs Coal Co. (Tables 46-54) near
Hindman in Knotts County.
The coals represented are Hazard #5A, #7, #8, and #9, correlated with
West Virginia coals: Winifrede, Little Coalburg, Coalburg, and
Stockton - Lewiston (Pocahontas Land Corp., 1971). These coals occur
in the upper part of the Kanawha Group of Pennsylvanian rocks. The
Hazard #9 is approximately 30.5 m (100 ft) below the well-known No.
5 Block coal.
Sampling near Hazard was aimed especially at clarification of the acid
difficulties that have been attributed to some part of the overburden
of the Hazard #9, possibly at or near an associated coal horizon.
The hilltop-removal operation (Greene and Raney 1974) sampled in cooper-
ation with Falcon Coal Co. involved the Hazard #9 only on a point near
the ridge top. As shown in Tables 43-45, two samples of shale and two
of carbolith associated with this coal were all acid toxic or potentially
toxic. Sample #2 contained significant neutralizing capacity, but had
an acid pH when powdered and enough sulphur to indicate potential toxicity.
Also, the one mudrock grab sample from minesoil on Flint Ridge derived
from mining the Hazard #9 proved to be potentially toxic.
Three columns of samples over the Hazard #9 at the Combs Coal Co. (Tables
46-54) operation revealed acid-toxic or potentially toxic overburden
material Immediately above the coal, and again 6.7 to 7.6 m (22 to 25 ft)
higher in the column, immediately below a thick-bedded sandstone. The
toxicity occurs partly in the marine zone (indicated by abundant marine
shells) in the mudrock Cpartly fissile and partly non-fissile), approxi-
93
-------
mately 3 m (10 ft) thick over the Hazard J?9. The entire 7.6 m
(25 ft) of mudrock over the coal, where sampled, was relatively high
in pyritic sulphur (0.5 to 4.5%), but associated with the pyritic sulfur
was a concentration of neutralizers from a trace to 17% calcium
carbonate equivalent, resulting in excess neutralization capacity
throughout the central 4.6 m Q.5 ft) of soft mudrock between
the coal and the caprock sandstone (Tables 49, 51 and 54). If the
carbonate equivalents had been much lower the acid from sulphur
could have been severe.
Since persistent reports indicate that some sites are extremely acid,
there is reason to believe that these are situations where the pyritic
levels persist but the neutralizing levels are low or absent. A
comparable situation would be Neighborhood 11 (Figure 7) where sulfur
percentages above the Bevier coal (Tebo Mine) are about the same as
those over the Hazard #9 and neutralizing capacities are low or absent.
At other locations over the Bevier coal, (Neighborhood 10, Figure 7),
neutralization capacity is abundant for preventing toxic acidity. With
the Bevier, also, as with the Hazard $9, marine fossils occur over the
coal at some locations but not throughout the region.
In cases involving marine fossils, which apparently occur in the Eastern
Interior Basin also, marine environments may contribute to the relatively
high sulfur concentrations as well as to generally high but variable
concentrations of carbonate neutralizers. The net Acid-Base Account can
swing from one side of neutrality to the other in relatively short
distances with no striking change in appearance of the mudrock. The
presence of a strong fizz reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid, indicating
at least 20 t of calcium carbonate equivalent per 1000 t of rock or soil,
indicates no immediate danger of extreme acidity, but with high
percentages of pyritic sulfur present, such materials may become acid
unless neutralizers are abundant enough to neutralize all possible
sulfuric acid that can form by oxidation.
The generally high level of neutralizers noted in Neighborhood 3 is not
typical throughout the Kanawha Group of the Southern Appalachians. At
Neighborhood 2, Mingo County, West Virginia, for example, neutralizing
capacity and pyritic sulphur both are relatively low.
From Tables 34 and 37 it is apparent from rock types, ease of slaking
(increasing positive ratings) and chemical tests for plant nutrients
that difference in physical properties as well as fertility deserve
serious consideration. Sandstones that don't slake (0 to 1 ratings)
should be used to anchor the toe of outslopes and to build loose rock
flume outlets. Other choices of overburden for special placement should
depend upon suitability for particular planned land use, for which
guidelines have been suggested in Section V, under Criteria for New Soils.
94
-------
Undisturbed soils in Neighborhood 3 are acid, medium-textured and
variable in depth from shallow (less than 50.8 cm, 20 in, to bedrock)
to moderately deep. Shallow, sandy loam, woodland soil at Coombs was
stony and underlain at less than 50.8 cm C20 in) by thick-bedded
sandstone. The upland soil at Falcon was light brown, somewhat stony
loam, deeper than at Coombs and underlain by weathered mudstone
(Table 40). Previous mining near the Falcon site involved high concen-
trations of flint (and chert) on the well-known Flint Ridge where rocks
for arrows and tools were obtained by native Indians and early European
settlers.
The best material for near-surface placement or blending would be the
mudstones with excess neutralizing capacities and water slaking ratings
higher than one. A blend of such materials with non-stony sandy loam
would result in favorable minesoils. Any potentially acid-toxic
materials can be neutralized by blending with carbonate-rich, soft
mudstones, which are abundant.
Phosphorus is the most deficient plant nutrient needed in addition to
nitrogen for quick establishment of ground covers to prevent erosion,
even though the minesoils may be intended for reforestation (Bengtson
et al. 1969).
Acid-extracted phosphorus values marked with a "G" are likely false values,
probably because of interference from ferrous iron, dissolved by the
acid extractant from carbonate minerals, siderite and ankerite. High
levels of magnesium, which are common, probably derive from ankerite.
NEIGHBORHOOD 4: FLATROCK, ALABAMA
The overburden here is so low in total sulphur that there is no likeli-
hood of acid toxicity developing. The geologic section, which has been
correlated with the New River Group of West Virginia, corresponds well
with analyses of overburden above the Sewell coal from Pocahontas
County, West Virginia (Smith et al. p. 123-127). Observations on
other surface mining operations involving Sewell coal in Greenbrier,
Randolph, Raleigh and Wyoming counties, West Virginia, provide additional
evidence that pyritic sulphur and acid toxicity are not common problems
on much of the Sewell Coal.
Although the mudrock, sandstone and intercalate (interlayered mudstone
and sandstone) of the section studied (Tables 55-60) in Alabama are low
in acid potential, they are generally low also, in basic materials and
some plant nutrients, especially phosphorus. In addition there is a
great differential in resistance of the rocks to physical weathering.
Some of the sandstone in the upper 7.6 m (25 ft) of the section crumbles
readily into loose sand whereas other sandstone, both upper and lower,
95
-------
is extremely tough., with, grains cemented by silica. This rock, is
difficult to drill or shatter. The mudrocks vary in texture and
stratification. Near the coal these rocks tend to be fissile,
whereas throughout most of the section they split only into thicker
fragments or blocks, many of which, contain thin layers of fine sand
separated by thicker layers of silt and clay. From the standpoint of
soil texture, the grain size of these rocks would be excellent whenever
they disintegrate, and the intercalate layering favors disintegration
breakdown.
In considering how to create desirable minesoils at the Fabius
Neighborhood, it is apparent that many boulders and other tough sand-
stone fragments should be used to anchor the spoil into the underlying
rocks and soil. Outslope erosion control could be aided by coarse
fragments, also, whereas gentle slopes would profit for most uses from
a high proportion of medium (loam) textures, unless use for cultivated
crops is anticipated, in which case a sandy loam surface layer would be
most desirable.
The original soil was relatively thin, acid and infertile. Its sandy
loam to sandy clay loam texture would be satisfactory for placement on
the surface, as would the texture of weathered weak sandstone deeper in
the section. Eowever, unweathered mudrock with fine sand lenses or thin
sandstone layers deeper in the overburden would provide more fertility
as well as fines of desirable texture. This interstratified mudrock
and sandstone cuts readily with a farm type disc harrow, and it tends
to disintegrate because of layering.
Prevention of erosion on long slopes requires quick establishment of
close-growing grasses and legumes even though the long range land use is
production of woodland products: Fertilization with phosphorus and nitrogen
is needed CZargar £lt jd.. 1969a) , together with diversion terraces, stable
terrace outlets and mulches of straw or its equivalent.
NEIGHBORHOOD 5: SCOTT AND CAMPBELL COUNTIES, TENNESSEE
The coal measures of Tennessee are all found in the Cumberland Plateau
area. These coals belong in the Pottsville Series of Pennsylvanian
rocks which have a thickness of 1,219 m (4000 ft)t but due to erosion,
the thickness is quite variable. The greatest thickness is believed
to be in the Cumberland Mountains and the thinnest sections near the edge
of the plateau (Luther 1959).
The Poplar Creek Coal (locally called the Glen Mary) is the lowest in
the Pottsville Series that was studied. This coal is the top unit of
the Crooked Fork Group of the lower Pottsville Series and is the most
important seam in Scott County where it was sampled (Johnson and Luther
96
-------
1972). The usual overburden is an unnamed shale interval which, varies
from 9 to 73 m C30 to 240 ft} in thickness; however, pyritic
sandstone lenses of varying sizes have been observed in highwall
exposures.
The Coal Creek coal is the lowest of the three commercially important
coals in the Slatestone Formation and the most important in Campbell
County. It is found above the Stephens sandstone and its overburden
generally is a shale sequence of varying thickness. Locally, a thin,
discontinuous sandstone may be present above the coal. The Coal Creek
coal overburden was sampled on the Cumberland Block, where most of the
Campbell County reserves are located (Luther 1959).
The Big Mary Q^ean) coal is the second most important coal in Scott
County. It is the lowest mineable coal in the Redoak Mountain Formation,
located an average of 12 m (40 ft) above the Windrock coal, top
unit of the Graves Gap Formation. The overburden of the Big Mary seam
generally contains a dark, organic shale with marine fossils and some
limestone nodules. This shale is one of the more persistant marine
zones found in this area. A thin sandstone may also be present above
the fossile zone (Luther 1959).
The Rock Spring coal is in the Vowell Mountain Formation under the
Frozen Head sandstone, the top unit of the formation; however, the
Grassy Spring coal, being mined with the Rock Spring seam, is the lowest
coal in the Cross Mountain Formation. These two coals are only preserved
on the higher mountaintops. In Campbell County near Caryville the Frozen
Head sandstone may not be present at all, leaving the overburden of the
Rock Spring coal to be predominately shales and mudrocks. The overburden
of the Grassy Spring coal is mainly an unnamed shale sequence (Luther 1959)
All the coals are associated with beds which were correlated with the
Kanawha Formation of the Pottsville Group in southern West Virginia
(Pocahontas Land Corporation 1971). The coals, in descending order
in the section, correlate as follows:
Tennessee West Virginia
Grassy Spring Coalburg
Rock Spring Below Coalburg
Big Mary Chilton "A"
Coal Creek Matewan
Poplar Creek Glen Alum Tunnel
The data (Tables 61-66) from Helenwood Excavating mine indicate a
weathered zone of approximately 4.9 m (16 ft) in the overburden
comprised, dominantly, of mudrocks and shales. Total sulfur, pH,
97
-------
neutralizers and fertility are low: in this zone. The toxic and
potentially toxic materials occur in samples J7-9, .#16, and J24
(Table 63). The first two zones are thick enough, to cause reclamation
problems if concentrations of this material were left on the surface of
the minesoil; whereas, sample .#24 is at top of the coal and would be
removed with the coal or left in the bottom of the pit. The remainder
of the overburden has substantial neutralizers to provide a neutral pH.
for the new minesoil if properly placed during grading of the spoil.
The natural soil in the area is acid, low in inherent fertility and
contains many coarse fragments throughout the profile. The C horizon
was heavy textured mudstone and mudrock with, an argillic horizon
overlying it in the B horizon. Because of these properties, it would
be best to blend the surface soil with the non-toxic, nutrient-rich
rock lower in the column (Table 61-63).
The nutrient status of the unweathered, non-toxic zones is medium to
high for all nutrients except phosphorus, which is generally low. There
is a 2.4 m (8 ft) layer of rock in the weathered zone, samples
#2-5 (Table 62) which contains medium to high, levels of bicarbonate
extractable phosphorus. This strengthens the recommendation for
selective blending of overburden to achieve successful reclamation.
The overburden of the Big Mary coal contains no toxic zones in column
one (Tables 67—69), although there is an increase in total sulfur in
the last three samples (Table 69). Column two (Tables 70-72) extends
down to the top of the coal, 1.2 m (4 ft) deeper than column
one, and this zone is highly toxic (Table 72). This zone found
associated with the coal would pose serious problems to reclamation if
left concentrated at the surface.
There is a 5.5 m (18 ft) zone starting at a depth, of 9.7 m (32 ft)
from the surface, which contains marine fossils. The total sulfur
increases slightly but the carbonates increase greatly to give a
large excess of neutralizers in this zone. There is a very high level
of nutrients, except for phosphorus, in the overburden beneath the
weathered zone, which is indicated by the high chromas (Table 68).
Phosphorus levels are low except for the 5 m (16.5 ft) starting at
the 3.3 m (11 ft) depth. In this layer of rock, bicarbonate
extractable phosphorus levels are medium to very high. Consideration
should be given to blending the high-phosphorus material with the
carbonate-rich rock and placing the mixture on the surface of the
resultant minesoil.
The natural soil of this area was acid, low in fertility and had
drainage problems as evidenced by the low chroma mottling in the lower
part of the argillic horizon. This material should only be considered
98
-------
for replacement on the surface if it is to be blended with, the lower
nutrient-rich rock.
The McCall Enterprises' mine is situated on one of the highest knobs on
Cross Mountain and although contour stripmining was being done, future
plans called for mountaintop removal (Pay-Lighting}CGreene and Raney 1974)
(Grim and Hill 1974) to be accomplished. The overburden of the coals
being mined was dominated by mudrocks and mudstones with some sandstone
and shale. The data (Tables 73-75) indicate that the majority of the
overburden is deficient in neutralizers and the only toxic zones are
associated with the two coals. The parting layer in the Grassy Spring
coal is extremely toxic mainly due to the complete lack of neutralizers,
while the toxic zone associated with the Rock Spring coal is due mainly
to the high total sulfur. There is an increase in total sulfur as the
coals are approached (descending the column from the surface).
There is a 6.1 m (20 ft) zone of low sulfur, base-rich materials
starting at the 9.2 m (30.3 ft) depth, and a 5.6 m Q-8.6 ft) zone
starting at the 26 m C85.4 ft) depth. These zones could be mixed
with the first 9.2 m (30.3 ft) of the overburden and placed back on
the surface of the spoil.
The natural soil of the area has silt loam textures, but is acid, low
in fertility and contains coarse fragments. It would be unsuitable to
be placed on the surface of the spoil without blending it with the base-
rich zones. Phosphorus fertilization would be essential because the
highest amounts of this nutrient are associated with the toxic zone
above the Rock Spring coal while the rest of the overburden is
phosphorus deficient.
The Coal Creek coal overburden was not all exposed at the site sampled;
therefore, the first and last 2.4 m (8 ft) were unavailable for
analysis. The data (Tables 76-78) from the column sampled indicate
no toxic zones, but the resultant minesoil's surface was covered with
carbon-rich shale (carboliths). Therefore, it is assumed that the
last 2.4 m (8 ft) of overburden was toxic high-carbon shale (Tables 79-81),
There is an excess of neutralizers in the overburden and nutrient levels
are medium to high except for phosphorus. Only samples .#11, #19, #20,
#21 have high phosphorus levels.
The minesoil at the Ollis Creek site was sampled in such a way as to
cover the entire expanse of the highwall. The minesoil surface was
left with much carbon-rich shale exposed which influenced its properties.
The data (Tables 79-81) indicate that except for two samples, all
surface samples were toxic while only five of the twelve lower depth
samples were toxic. The ptt and fertility of the minesoil were low.
Only bicarbonate extractable phosphorus was present at high levels.
99
-------
The carbon-rich, rock on the surface, high, phosphorus levels, low pHs
and generally low nutrient status all indicate that most of the
materials immediately above the coal (Tables 77-79) which was not
sampled was left concentrated at the surface of the minesoil. The
more favorable material was evidently buried beneath this toxic surface.
At this site reclamation efforts CZarger et_ jtiU 1969b) had failed and
modification of the minesoil was to be undertaken before the planting
of pines for pulpwood.
100
-------
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102
-------
Table 22. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE CEDAR GROVE AND ALMA COAL
OVERBURDENS AT THE PETER WHITE COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TWO
Sample
No.
A
B
C
C
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3U
35
Depth
(feet)
0.0-0.5
0.5-2.5
2.5-U.5
fc.5-5-5
5-5-6.5
6.5-10.0
10.0-
-26.0
26.0-27.0
27.0-32.0
32.0-37.0
37-0-39.5
39.5-U3.5
U3.5-M.5
U. 5-1*6. 5
U6.5-U8.0
U8. 0-53.0
53.0-58.0
58.0-63.0
63.0-69.0
69.0-76.0
76.0-80.5
80.5-81.5
81.5-85.0
85.0-86.0
86.0-89.0
89.0-93.0
93.0-98.0
98.0-103.0
103.0-108.0
108.0-112.0
112.0-117.0
117.0-122.0
122.0-127.0
127.0-136.0
136.0-137-0
137-0-lUo.O
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SH
UPPER CEDAR
NO SAMPLE
MS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS-I
Color
2.5Y 6 A
10YR 8 A
2.5Y 8/6
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 8 A
7-5YR 5 A
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 8 A
5Y 7/1
10YR 7A
10YR 8/3
2.5Y 8/0
10YR 8/3
10YR 8/3
10YR 7A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 8 A
2.5Y 8A
2.5Y 8/6
N 8/0
N k/0
GROVE COAL
5Y 6/3
5Y 6/1
2.5Y 8 A
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7 A
N 5/0
Water
Slaking
U
7
3
9
U
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
103
-------
Tatle 22. (continued)
Sample
No.
36
37
38
39
1*0
in
1*2
1*3
1*4
1*5
1*6
1*7
1*8
U9
50
51
52
53
51*
55
56
57
58
59
60
6l
62
63
61*
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
71*
75
Depth
(feet)
ll*0.0-ll*l*.0
lM*. 0-151. 5
151.5-152.5
152.5-155.0
155.0-157.0
157.0-162.0
162.0-162.5
162. 5-161*. 0
161*. 0-166.0
166.0-169.0
169.0-172.0
172.0-177-0
177.0-180.0
180.0-181.0
181.0-182.0
182.0-185.0
185.0-186.0
186.0-188.0
188.0-191.0
191.0-196.0
196.0-198.0
198.0-200.0
200.0-202.0
202. 0-201*. 0
201*. 0-206.0
206.0-208.0
208.0-210.0
210.0-212.0
212. 0-211*. 0
21 1*. 0-218.0
218.0-219.0
219.0-221.0
221.0-223.0
223.0-225.0
225.0-227.0
227.0-229.0
229.0-231.0
231.0-233.0
233. 0-231*. 0
231*. 0-236.0
Rock
Type
SS
SS
LS
SS
SS
SS
MR
MR
SS
MS
MS
MS
LOWER
Garb
SH
SH
LOWER
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS-I
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS-I
MS
Color
2.5Y 8/1*
5Y 7/3
2.5Y 8/1*
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 6/0
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
N 6/0
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
CEDAR GROVE COAL
5Y 3/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
CEDAR GROVE COAL
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 8/1
5Y 8/1
5Y 8/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 1*/0
N 7/0
Water
Slaking
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
104
-------
Table 22. (continued)
Sample
No.
Depth
(feet)
Rock
Type
Color
Water
Slaking
76 236.0-238.0 MS 5Y 7/1 0
77 238.0-2^1.0 UPPER ALMA COAL
78 21*1.0+ MS 5Y 7/1 0
MIDDLE ALMA COAL
105
-------
Table 23. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE CEDAR GROVE AND ALMA COAL
OVERBURDENS AT THE PETER WHITE COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TWO
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
A
B
C
C
1
2
3
It
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
PH
(paste )
U.O
U.7
U.7
U.3
5.2
It. 6
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.7
5.5
5.U
5-7
5-9
6.6
6.7
7.7
6.7
6.5
6.5
6.1
6.0
5-0
U.l
UPPER
PH
(1:1)
U.3
U.9
U.8
U.6
U.5
U.6
5.7
5.3
5-2
5.2
6.6
6.8
6.7
7.0
7.0
7.6
7.7
8.2
7.7
7.3
7.2
6.8
6.7
5.6
U.O
CEDAR
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
U.O
2.0
2.0
U.5
U.O
6.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.0
0.5
GROVE COAL
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
156
2lU
171
183
183
167
111
109
187
lU2
150
117
150
103
111
122
73
69
125
llU
106
98
95
1U2
198
Ca
(Ibs.)
200
Uo
UO
Uo
UO
UO
UUO
800
1160
1080
960
800
880
920
960
102UO
12000
1200
1280
1200
1160
1280
960
800
560
Mg
(Its.)
8U
186
300
702
98U
888
330
6U2
720
792
960
696
372
516
372
17U
216
20U
228
2UO
2UO
258
162
120
6l8
P
(its.)
56
38
U7
UO
U5
UO
lU2
183
238
216
159
159
238
192
192
3U
20
21
192
238
17 U
2U6
256
300
9U
Bi carbonate
Extracted
P
(ibs.)
7.U
6.U
U.3
3.2
3.2
5.U
21.6
21.6
23.8
17-2
10.8
U.3
U.3
5.U
3.2
U.3
U.3
U.3
3.2
U.3
U.3
8.6
6.U
3.2
9.3
NO SAMPLE
6.6
7.1
6.U
6.3
6.1
6.1
6.6
6.7
7.2
7.7
7.2
7.9
6.7
6.7
7.2
7.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
179
230
13U
lU2
117
125
106
103
1360
960
1120
1120
1280
920
720
1720
U80
300
U08
3U2
35U
258
138
3U8
29U
29U
200
2U6
200
2U6
200
167
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.2
106
-------
Table 23- (continued)
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
32
33
3k
35
36
37
38
39
1*0
hi
U2
1*3
1*1*
1*5
U6
1*7
1*8
1*9
50
51
52
53
51*
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
61*
65
66
67
68
PH
(paste )
6.5
6.1
6.6
7.3
6.7
6.8
7.2
7.1*
7.9
7.8
7.2
7.5
7.U
7.5
7.7
7.3
LOWER
7.0
7.2
7.1*
LOWER
6.6
6.9
7.1
7.1*
7-5
7-5
7.6
7-5
7.7
7.7
7.1*
7.1*
7-9
7.6
7.6
7.6
PH
(1:1)
7.0
6.7
7.1
7.3
6.8
6.7
7.9
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.5
CEDAR
7.1
7-2
7.1*
CEDAR
7.0
7.0
6.9
7.1
7.5
7.8
7.8
7-9
7-9
8.1
7.9
8.0
8.1
7-7
7.8
7.8
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GROVE COAL
0
0
0
GROVE COAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
100
131*
106
161*
167
ll*5
8l
161*
131
156
281*
256
31*3
332
293
348
327
322
307
187
195
210
179
198
175
160
210
156
187
230
160
131*
ll*7
160
198
Ca
(Ibs. )
1600
261*0
101*0
880
1520
2120
10560
221*0
71*1*0
3200
1600
3600
3880
5280
1*280
1*1*80
101*0
1520
181*0
800
760
81*0
i860
1000
1600
3160
301+0
9920
7200
3880
9760
10880
8320
5760
5680
Mg
(Ibs. )
288
1*80
180
168
336
1*56
192
231*
810
711*
276
1320
11*16
1968
1821*
1920
1*98
1*1*1*
1*32
180
162
168
1*32
222
252
231*
2l*0
210
1296
1056
1*80
138
900
1536
1632
P
(Ibs.)
21*6
216
159
2U6
128
256
23
291*
56
97
360
183
183
159
183
238
91*
308
3l*2
291*
21*6
21*6
137
200
ll*7
ll*2
291*
31
56
119
25
19
1*2
80
77
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
6.8
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.2
2.2
1.1
1.1
2.2
1.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.1
2.2
1.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
3.2
2.2
3.2
2.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
2.2
107
-------
Table 23. (continued)
Per Thousand
Lime
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample
No.
69
70
71
72
73
7U
75
76
77
78
PH
(paste)
7.7
8.1
7-7
8.0
7.8
6.8
7.6
7.1*
UPPER
7.2
PH
(1:1)
7-8
8.0
7-9
8.0
8.0
7.5
8.0
7-5
ALMA COAL
7.5
ment
(tons)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
K
(ibs. )
183
175
187
171
218
171
1*U8
359
298
Ca
(Ibs. )
61*80
3760
I960
U320
221*0
2960
3920
3280
181*0
Mg
(ibs. )
720
882
56k
750
591*
58]
ll*l*0
1092
330
P
(Ibs.)
85
111
103
9k
111
111
216
216
3U2
Extracted
P
(ibs. )
3.2
3.2
3.2
1*.3
3.2
1*.3
3.2
3-2
2.2
MIDDLE ALMA COAL
108
-------
Table 2k. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE CEDAR GROVE AND ALMA COAL
OVERBURDENS AT THE PETER WHITE COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TWO
Value
Sample and
No. Chroma Fiz
A
B
C
C
1
2
3
it
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
111
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
6A
8/1*
8/6
7A
8A
5A
7/2
7A
7/2
7A
7A
8A
7/1
7A
8/3
8/0
8/3
8/3
7A
7A
8A
8A
8/6
8/0
h/0
UPPER CEDAR
NO SAMPLE
6/3
6/1
8A
8/2
8/2
8/2
8/2
7/2
7/2
7/2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
it
5
it
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Maximum
%S (from %S)
.010
.015
.010
.005
.005
.010
.015
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.020
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.095
.180
.31
M
.31
.16
.16
.31
• U7
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.63
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
2.97
5.63
Amount
Present
- -97
- .7k
- .23
- .7k
.56
-1.99
2.52
3.26
2.78
3.77
5.76
i*.77
U.51
it. 03
it. 03
228.20
29^.25
289.22
2.52
3.52
3.01
U. 03
3.77
3.01
.76
Maximum Exc ess
(Needed pH 7) CaCOs
1.28
1.21
.5k
.90
.itO
2.30
2.05
3.10
2.62
3.6l
5.60
it. 6l
3.88
3.87
3.87
228. Ok
29k. 09
289.06
2.36
3.36
2.85
3.87
3.6l
.Olt
it. 87
GROVE COAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.005
.005
.010
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.16
.16
.31
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
7.01
it. 26
U.26
3.26
it. 26
it. 26
it. 26
it. 77
H. 77
7.27
6.85
it. 10
3.95
3.10
it. 10
it. 10
it. 10
it. 61
it. 61
109
-------
Table 2lt. (continued)
Sample
Wo.
3H
35
36
37
38
39
UO
Ul
It2
1*3
Ul*
U5
U6
U7
U8
U9
50
51
52
53
5U
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
61*
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Value
and
Chroma
7A
5/0
8A
7/3
8A
7/1
8/0
8/0
6/0
6/1
6/1
6/0
8/0
7/1
Fiz
0
0
0
0
U
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
%s
.005
.025
.005
.005
.005
.010
.005
.005
.085
.oUo
.050
.050
.030
.055
Tons CaC03
Maximum
(from #3)
.16
.78
.16
.16
.16
.31
.\6
'.16
2.66
1.25
1.56
1.56
.9U
1.72
Equivalent /Thousand Tons
Amount Maximum
Present Needed (pH 7)
It. 03
6.53
It. 03
6.02
228.20
5.02
25.76
18.0
6.27
25.02
26.01
30.01
31.52
23.77
Material
Excess
CaC03
3.87
5-75
3.87
5.86
228. OU
It. 71
25.60
17. 8U
3.6l
23.77
2*t.lt5
28. U5
30.58
22.05
LOWER CEDAR GROVE COAL
3/1
6/1
6/1
0
0
0
.080
.035
.030
2.50
1.09
.91*
3.77
it. 77
10.51
1.27
3.68
9.57
LOWER CEDAR GROVE COAL
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
7/1
7/1
7/1
8/1
8/1
8/1
8/0
8/0
8/0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
0
3
U
1
1
1
1
1
0
.010
.010
.010
.010
.010
.005
.005
.010
.020
.005
.030
.010
.010
.005
.010
.010
.010
.005
.005
.31
.31
.31
.31
.31
.16
.16
.31
.63
.16
.9*
.31
.31
.16
.31
.31
.31
.16
.16
3.77
3.52
3.26
9.03
7.52
I*. 03
16.27
17.26
35.78
33.76
25.76
86. OU
372.68
39.50
26.26
27.77
21.27
lit. 25
23.51
3.1»6
3.21
2.95
8.72
7.21
3.87
16.11
16.95
35.15
33.60
2U.82
85.73
372.37
39.3U
25.95
27. U6
20.96
lit. 09
23.35
110
-------
Table 2k. (continued)
Sample
No.
Value
and
Chroma Fiz %
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons
Maximum
S (from #S)
Amount
Present
Maximum
Needed (pH 7)
Material
Excess
CaC03
72
73
7H
75
76
77
78
8/0
8/0
H/o
7/0
7/1
1
1
0
0
0
.010
.010
.115
.055
UPPER ALMA COAL
7/1
0 .025
.31
.31
5.59
-.72
..Hi
.78
20.27
20.27
17-52
20.22
1H.76
5.76
19.96
19.96
13.93
18.50
13.35
H.98
MIDDLE ALMA COAL
111
-------
Table 25. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WILLIAMSON, CEDAR GROVE, AND
ALMA COAL OVERBURDEN AT THE PETER WHITE COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TWO, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
A
Bl
B2t
B3
1
2
3
1*
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
11*
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Depth
(feet)
0.0- 0.7
0.7- 1.0
1.0- 1.5
1.5- 2.0
2.0- 5.0
5-0- 8.0
8.0-11.0
ll.O-ll+.O
lit. 0-17.0
17.0-19.0
19.0-21.0
21.0-23.0
23.0-26.0
26.0-28.0
28.0-30.0
30.0-32.0
32.0-34.0
33.0
3l». 0-36.0
36.0-38.0
38.0-1*0.0
1*0.0-U2.0
1*2.0-1*4.0
1*1*. 0-1*7.0
1*7-0-1*9.0
1*9-0-51.0
51-0-53.0
53.0-55.0
55.0-57.0
57.0-59.0
59.0-61.0
6l. 0-61*. 0
61*. 0-66. 2
66.2-67.8
67.8-68.9
68.9-72.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
SS
SS
SS
SS
MS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
Color
10YR 5/1*
10YR 6/1*
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7 A
10YR 5/6
10YR 5/6
10YR 6/1*
10YR 6/1*
10YR 6/6
2.5Y 6 A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 6/1*
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 6/1*
2.5Y 5/6
10YR 6/1
2.5Y 5A
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
10YR lt/1
10YR 5/1
10YR 5/1
10YR 5/1
10YR 5/1
2.5Y 6/1*
2.5Y 6/1*
2.5Y 6/1*
10YR 6/1
10YR 5/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 5/1
10YR 6/1
2.5Y 6/6
2.5Y 6/2
5Y 7/1
10YR 5 A
Water
Slaking
0
3
5
1*
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
112
-------
Table 25. continued
Sample
No.
33
3U
35
36
37
38
39
UO
Ul
U2
1*3
kk
1*5
1*6
>*7
U8
U9
50
51
52
53
5U
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
6U
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
Depth
(feet)
72.0- 7^.0
7U.O- 76.0
76.0- 78.0
78.0- 81.3
81.0- 8U.O
8H.O- 87-0
87.0- 90.0
90.0- 92.0
92.0- 93.3
93.3- 95.0
95.0- 97.0
97.0-100.0
100.0-103.0
103.0-105.6
105.6-108.0
108.0-110.0
110.0-110.5
110.5-111.5
111.5-113.5
113.5-115-5
115.5-117.5
117.5-119.5
119-5-123.0
123.0-126.0
126.0-128.0
128.0-129.0
129.0-129.5
129.5-131.8
131.8-13^.7
13U.7-135.9
135.9-138.0
138.0-lUl.O
1U1.0-1U3.0
11*3.0-11*5.0
1U5.0-1U6.6
1U6. 6-11*8.0
11*8.0-150.0
150.0-152.0
152.0-153.0
153.0-156.0
Rock
Type
SS
SS
SS
£S
SS
SS
SS
NO SAMPLE
SS
SH
SS
SS
SS
SS
SH
SH
WILLIAMSON
MR
MR
MR
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
MR
WILLIAMSON
Garb.
MR
MR
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
Color
2.5Y 6 A
10YR 7 A
N 8/0
10YR 7 A
10YR 7 A
10YR 7 A
10YR 7 A
N 7/0
2.5Y 7 A
2.5YR 7/2
2.5YR 7/2
2.5YR 8/2
2.5YR 8/2
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
COAL
N 6/0
5Y 7/1
10YR 6/1
N 7/0
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
COAL
5Y 3/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/3
5Y 8/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
N 8/0
2.5Y 7 A
N 8/0
N 8/0
Water
Slaking
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
113
-------
Table 25. continued
Sample
No.
73
7U
75
76
77
78
79
80
8l
82
83
8U
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
9H
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
10U
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
Depth
(feet)
156.0-159.2
159.2-161.0
l6l.0-l63.0
163.0-166.0
166.0-169.0
169.0-172.0
172.0-175-0
175.0-178.0
178.0-181.0
181.0-183.0
183.0-185.0
185.0-187.0
187.0-189.0
189.0-191.0
191-0-193.0
193.0-195.0
195.0-197.0
197.0-199.1
199-1-201.0
201.0-203.0
203. 0-201*. 5
20^.5-205.8
205-8-208.0
208.0-210.5
210.5-212.0
212.0-2ll».0
2lU. 0-216.0
216.0-218.0
218.0-220.0
220. 0-220. k
220.U-222.1;
222.1^-225.0
225.0-227.0
227.0-229.1*
229.^-232.0
232.0-23U.O
231*. 0-237.0
237-0-239.0
239.0-2U1.0
2U1.0-2UU.2
Rock
Type
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS-I
SS-I
SS-I
SS-I
SS-I
SH
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
NO SAMPLE
UPPER CEDAR
NO SAMPLE
SH
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
Color
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
10YR 6/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 7/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 7/0
5Y 6/1
N 8/0
5Y 6/1
N 6/0
5Y 5/1
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
GROVE COAL
N 7/0
5Y 8/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 7/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
2.5Y 7/2
10YR 7/3
Water
Slaking
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
114
-------
Table 25. continued
Sample
No.
113
llU
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
12U
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
13U
135
136
137
138
139
iko
lUl
lU2
1U3
lUU
1U5
1U6
ll*7
1U8
1U9
150
151
Depth
(feet)
2U1*. 2-21*5.0
2l*5.0-2U8.0
2U8.0-251.0
251.0-25li.O
251*. 0-257.0
257.0-260.0
260.0-263.0
263.0-265.3
265.3-267.0
271.0-273.0
273.0-275.0
275-0-277.0
277.0-279.0
279.0-281.0
281.0-283.8
283.8-285.5
285-5-288.0
288.0-291.0
291.0-29^.0
291*. 0-295. U
295.1+-296.7
296.7-299.0
299-0-301.7
301.7-303.0
303.0-305.0
305-0-307.0
307-0-308.lt
308.U-311.9
311. 9-31 1*. 9
3lU. 9-320.0
320.0-322.0
322.0-323.3
326.2-328.0
326.2-328.0
328.0-331.0
331. 0-331*. 0
331*. 0-336. 8
336.8-337.8
337. 8-3lt3. 0
Rock
Type
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR
MR
MR
SH
SH
SH
SH
LOWER CEDAR
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR
MR
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR
ALMA COAL
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
LOWER ALMA
Color
N 7/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
5Y 8/1
5Y 5/1 •
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
N 6/0
N 6/0
5Y 5/1
N 3/0
GROVE COAL
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 5/0
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
5Y 8/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
COAL
Water
Slaking
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
115
-------
Table 25. continued
Sample
No.
Depth
(feet)
Rock
Type
Color
Water
Slaking
152
153
151*
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
165
166
167
31*3.0-31^.5 MR
3UU.5-3U7.0 SH
3^7.0-350.0 SH
350.0-353.0 SH
353.0-358.0 SS
358.0-362.0 ss
362.0-366.0 ss
366.0-370.0 SS
370.0-373.0 SS
373.0-376.0 SH
376.0-379.0 SH
379.0-382.0 SH
382.0-385.0 SH
385.0-388.0 SH
388.0-391.0 SH
391.0-392.5 SH
N 7/0
5Y 5/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
116
-------
Table 26. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WILLIAMSON,
CEDAR GROVE, AND ALMA COAL OVERBURDENS AT THE
PETER WHITE COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TWO, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
A
B!
B2t
_£• «
B3
1
2
3
1+
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1U
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
21+
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
pH pH
(paste) (1:1)
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.0
5.1
U.8
U.6
it. 7
6.6
6.1+
6.7
6.5
6.7
6.6
7.2
8.0
7.2
6.9
7.3
7.5
7.U
7.2
7.2
6.7
7.5
6.8
7.5
7.3
7.6
7.3
6.6
7.5
7.2
7.8
7.7
5.9
5-6
5.7
5-8
U.9
5-0
U.8
1+.6
1+.8
5.5
5.3
5.6
5.U
5.6
5.7
6.7
7.U
6.3
6.1
6.7
7.1
7.1
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.9
7.1
7.5
6.8
5-9
6.7
6.1+
7.1
6.7
Lime
Acid Extracted
Require-
ment K
(tons) (ibs.
2.0
2.5
1.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.5
5.5
3.5
1.0
1.5
1.0
1-5
1.0
1-5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
380
322
252
21 1+
1*21
327
317
289
37^
161+
150
109
153
139
175
293
100
160
198
1+10
327
338
37U
167
153
131
1U7
36U
361+
390
327
353
ll+7
2ll+
238
156
Ca
)(lbs. )
5600
3360
21+00
21+00
1+00
560
800
120
200
880
880
880
1+00
2l+8o
21+80
261+0
11200
1+000
6800
71+1+0
661+0
6080
5280
501+0
1+320
1+320
1+320
3ltl+0
960
3120
2960
2080
3280
2960
21+80
61+0
Mg P
(Ibs. )(lbs. )
732
720
660
900
201+
261+
3W
216
1+80
1+32
396
31*8
180
960
921+
1+56
516
61+8
696
1632
1560
1632
1080
972
91+8
780
92l+
5UO
156
588
528
1+68
636
708
216
96
29!*
23
35
88
119
80
216
100
85
238
308
256
300
29^
200G
360
1+8
31+2
372G
372G
300G
3U2G
372
372
360
360
360G
360G
3U2G
21+6G
3l*2
360
360
3U2G
360
372
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(ibs. )
21.2
16.7
17.6
15. U
56.2
22.6
25.9
30.3
12.9
13.0
17.6
15- U
11.8
13.0
19.5
1+.8
3.6
9.2
1.2
2.1+
2.1+
2.1+
2.1+
1+.8
8.1+
1+.8
1+.8
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
7.2
2.1+
2.1+
U.8
117
-------
Table 26. continued
Sample
No.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
6k
65
66
67
68
69
70
pH
(paste )
7-2
7.8
7.5
7.7
7.0
7.6
7.0
7-7
7.6
7.2
7-3
6.9
7.3
7.8
7.6
Lime
Require-
pH ment
l (1:1) (tons)
6.8
7.1
7.1
7.0
6.7
6.8
6.8
NO SAMPLE
7.4
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.6
6.6
7.3
7.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Per
Thousand Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs.
125
150
156
139
114
117
122
1*16
131
92
117
95
103
353
322
Ca
)(lbs.)
io4o
2160
1680
1680
960
1280
i44o
160
680
360
1120
1120
1760
2080
2080
Mg
(Ibs.)
192
408
372
264
156
180
204
36
180
48
216
216
324
372
360
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.) (ibs.)
300
320
238
320
300
308
300
153G
88
142
216
200
238
360
342G
2.4
2.4
1.2
2.4
1.2
2.4
2.4
3.6
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
2.4
WILLIAMSON COAL
7.3
7.2
7-5
7.5
7-8
8.2
7.5
7-0
7.6
6.7
6.9
6.9
7.3
7.4
7.6
7.4
7.5
7.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
243
142
238
275
348
364
261
327
312
1600
960
1600
2320
3280
2400
2560
2000
2080
336
180
252
576
1116
624
840
444
636
342
342
360G
200G
308 G
300G
300 G
360G
342G
3.6
1.2
2.4
1.2
2.4
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
WILLIAMSON COAL
7.6
7-5
7.2
7.7
7.3
7.8
8.0
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.2
7.2
7.8
6.9
6.9
7-5
7.5
7.1
7.4
7-7
7.8
7.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4l6
353
247
164
164
171
238
179
111
147
117
1520
800
1680
1200
1120
1440
1040
1120
6400
10400
3600
672
372
888
300
300
360
264
204
276
156
204
294
107
115
159
200
147
256
216
82
19
100
1.1
1.1
0.5
0.5
1.1
0.5
2.2
2.2
4.5
2.2
0.5
118
-------
Table 26. continued
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
71
72
73
71*
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
81*
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
91*
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
101*
105
106
pH
(paste .
7.3
7-9
8.0
8.0
7.7
8.2
7.1*
8.1
7.6
7.8
7.8
8.0
7.8
8.0
7.9
8.1
7.9
7.8
7.2
8.0
7.9
8.1
7.5
Lime
Acid Extracted Bicarbonate
Require-
pH ment K Ca
) (1:1) (tons) (Ibs. )(lbs. )
7-8
7.1*
7-2
7-5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7-7
7.8
7-2
6.6
7.2
7.3
7.5
7.2
7.3
7.5
7.U
7.2
7.6
7.5
6.9
6.6
NO SAMPLE
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
226
160
1H5
175
210
206
226
161*
206
139
175
202
307
312
281*
312
302
1*05
298
275
it 32
395
Ul6
3600
1280
1600
1760
1200
3680
1120
1*1*00
1*1*80
81*80
21*00
3920
21*80
21*00
221*0
2080
221*0
261*0
2000
261*0
2080
1360
1280
Mg
(Ibs.)
888
312
321*
1*08
300
888
21*0
1092
lll*0
50U
600
91*8
660
672
600
588
621*
708
576
756
708
3U8
276
P
(Ibs.)
128G
159
159G
111G
132G
119G
238
72G
80G
50G
lllG
103G
29W
183G
17l*G
256G
29l*G
2l*6G
200G
216G
320G
31*2
360
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
1.1
0.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.1
1.1
0.5
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
2.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
UPPER CEDAR GROVE COAL
7.9
7.7
8.0
8.2
8.2
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.0
8.1
NO SAMPLE
7.0
6.8
7.2
7.1*
7.6
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31*3
293
3U3
369
1*10
1*32
261
2lt7
202
302
ll*l*0
1280
2080
2720
21*00
2880
5120
2960
2160
720
312
228
696
996
912
122U
1392
780
1*1*1*
3U8
360G
3l*2G
3l*2G
320G
29l*G
300G
91G
159G
137G
216
3.2
1*.3
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
1*.3
3.2
1*.3
1.1
119
-------
Table 26. continued
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
111*
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
12U
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
13U
135
136
137
138
139
ll*0
lUl
pH pH
(paste) (1:1)
7-8
8.0
8.0
8.0
7-6
7.1
7.7
7-9
8.2
8.0
8.1*
8.2
8.3
7.8
7.8
8.1
8.0
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.0
7.3
7.8
7.8
8.2
7.9
8.1
7-9
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
7-7
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.1*
7.0
6.8
7.3
7.2
7.7
7.6
8.0
7.7
7.1
7.1*
7.6
7.U
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.0
LOWER
7.3
7.8
7.9
7.1*
7.1
7.5
7.6
7.9
7.9
7.8
8.0
7.7
7.2
Lime
Acid Extracted
Require-
ment K Ca
(tons) (lbs.)(lbs.)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
281*
261
206
238
125
131
31*3
2l*3
202
222
153
252
210
353
31*8
307
361*
369
3l*3
353
21*
720
1280
1280
1600
11*1*0
1120
2960
800
5680
1*320
9120
3280
5360
960
1920
2000
1*160
3280
2800
2080
2l*0
Mg
(ibs. )
312
372
372
1*80
1*20
372
1116
300
ll*6U
1200
660
1092
1608
32l*
396
1*08
852
960
876
501*
12
Bicarbonafc
Extracted
P P
(ibs.) (ibs.)
200
200
159
159
119
183
308G
21*6
91M
88G
22
100G
100M
128
360
3l*2G
238G
256G
183G
256G
15
2.2
1*.5
2.2
2.2
1.1
1.1
2.2
1.1
2.2
U.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
l*-5
2.2
3.3
2.2
CEDAR GROVE COAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
198
198
153
161*
1*05
395
353
275
160
171
2ll*
1*10
1*16
ll*l*0
1680
5520
6000
3560
221*0
2320
360
1*800
1*320
1*000
3320
21*00
252
321*
1296
ll*l*0
1*80
696
816
1032
1068
1092
996
10l*l*
576
256
291*
88M
58
308
308G
167 G
132G
82G
88G
85G
2l*6G
320G
2.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
ll*2
ALMA COAL
120
-------
Table 26. continued
Sample
No.
11*3
ll*l*
11*5
ll*6
11*7
11*8
11*9
150
151
152
153
151*
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
l6l+
165
166
167
PH
(paste)
7-9
8.0
8.1*
7-9
8.2
8.2
8.1
7-9
7-9
7.9
8.1*
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.1
8.1
PH
(1:1)
7.6
7.8
8.0
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.6
7.7
LOWER
7.7
7.6
8.2
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.2
7.8
8.0
8.1
7.9
7.8
7-9
7.9
7.9
7-9
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
ALMA COAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Per
Thousand Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
359
298
298
1*05
1*27
1*37
1*32
1*96
521*
1*53
252
1*27
222
191
2lU
198
195
591
563
1*27
507
1*16
1*80
1*71*
Ca
'(Ibs.)
2350
521*0
5520
3200
1*720
181*0
2880
11*1*0
1550
1760
51*1*0
261*0
3280
5120
1*960
3280
6120
2U80
261*0
21*80
3120
21*00
21*00
3200
Mg
(Ibs.)
1*80
1752
1632
1200
1992
576
828
621*
288
300
1536
936
852
972
888
801*
11*88
798
720
660
888
576
660
9U8
Bicarbonate
P
(Ibs. )
320
85G
119G
167G
159G
320
31*2 G
ll*7
308 G
3l*2G
82G
ll*7G
100G
82G
97 G
ll*7G
85 G
216 G
171* G
137 G
238 G
192 G
238 G
216 G
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
3.1*
2.2
2.2
3.1*
1*.5
li.5
2.2
3.1*
1*.5
1*.5
121
-------
Table 27.ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE WILLIAMSON, CEDAR GROVE, AND
ALMA COAL OVERBURDEN AT THE PETER WHITE COAL COMPANY'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TWO, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
A
B!
B2t
BS
1
2
3
It
5
6
T
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
Value
and
Chroma
5A
6/k
1/k
7A
5/6
5/6
6/k
6/k
6/6
6/k
1/k
6/k
1/k
6/k
5/6
6/1
5A
6/2
6/2
k/i
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
6/k
6/k
6/k
6/1
5/1
6/1
5/1
6/1
6/6
6/2
7/1
5A
6/k
1/k
8/0
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
jte
.015
.015
.010
.010
0
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.080
.015
.010
.350
.870
.560
.koo
.530
.030
.005
.005
.005
.185
.130
.070
.265
.690
.005
.150
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
Tons CaCOj
Maximum
(from Jfe)
.ki
.kl
.31
.31
0
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
2.50
.U7
.31
10.9k
27-19
17.50
12.50
16.56
.9k
.16
.16
.16
5.78
U.06
2.19
8.28
21.56
.16
U.69
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
3.26
.28
.76
.28
1.62
2.75
3.72
1.50
1.25
7-92
6.U5
5.70
6.92
6.70
5.^5
5.95
61.88
9.68
10.65
18.33
20.30
21.05
13.38
10.65
9.90
9.90
8.68
7.18
10. UO
13.88
5.1*5
k.io
9.kO
3.72
Ik. 35
8.68
5.70
6.20
9.90
Maximum
Needed (pH 7)
.19
.03
.29
8.86
3.18
2.83
16.86
.97
Excess
CaC03
2.79
.U5
1.62
2.59
2.56
1.3k
1.09
7.76
6.29
5.5>»
6.76
6.5^
5.29
3.U5
6l. In
9.37
2.80
8.55
9.71
9.1k
9.1k
8.52
i.ko
6.3k
11.69
9.2U
lU.19
8.52
5.5fc
6.0U
9.7U
122
-------
Table 27. continued
Sample
No.
36
37
38
39
1*0
Ul
U2
U3
1*1*
1±5
1*6
1*7
1*8
Value
and
Chroma
7A
7A
7A
7A
7/0
7/1*
7/2
7/2
8/2
8/2
6/1
6/1
Tons CaCO^ Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
0
0
0
NO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
%S (from Jte)
.005
.010
.005
.005
SAMPLE
.025
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.025
.060
1*9 WILLIAMSON
50
51
52
53
5l*
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
61*
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
7!*
75
6/0
7/1
6/1
7/0
7/0
7/1
6/1
7/1
6/1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.010
.030
.060
.035
.050
.020
.080
.01*5
.210
WILLIAMSON
3/1
7/1
6/3
8/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/2
7/2
8/0
7/1*
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1*
1
1
1
0
1
1
.150
.075
.010
.010
.015
.010
.005
.025
.020
.015
.005
.010
.005
.015
.010
.005
.16
.31
.16
.16
.78
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
• 78
1.87
COAL
.31
• 9U
1.87
1.09
1.56
.62
2.50
1.1*1
6.56
COAL
U.69
2.3U
.31
.31
.U7
.31
.16
.78
.62
.1*7
.16
.31
.16
.U7
.31
.16
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
5.U5
U.70
U.95
U.20
6.U5
1.98
2.U8
U.70
U.20
U.70
U.U5
8.18
3.98
5.95
7.68
20.80
17.58
11.15
lU.io
10.15
8.93
5.U5
2.98
5.70
6.20
U.20
5-U5
U.20
U.95
15.85
285. U8
9.65
12.62
10.65
3.98
11.88
13.13
5.29
U.39
U.79
U.OU
5.67
1.82
2.32
U.5U
U.OU
U.5U
3.67
6.31
3.67
5.01
5.81
19-71
16.02
10.53
11.60
8.7U
2.37
.76
.6U
5.39
5.89
3.73
5-lU
U.OU
U.17
15.23
285.01
9-U9
12.31
10. U9
3.51
11.57
12.97
123
-------
Table 27. continued
Sample
No.
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
81*
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
9k
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
10U
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
111*
115
Value
and
Chroma
8/0
6/1
8/0
8/0
7/0
8/0
8/0
7/0
6/1
8/0
6/1
6/0
5/1
7/1
7/0
7/1
8/0
7/1
Tons CaCO^ Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NO
Maximum Amount Maximum Excess
%S (from %S) Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
.010
.050
.015
.025
.260
.01*0
.060
.(too
.060
.050
.060
.070
.060
.050
.035
.080
.020
.090
SAMPLE
UPPER CEDAR
7/0
8/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
8/0
8/0
8/0
7/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
7/2
7/3
7/0
8/0
8/0
NO
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
SAMPLE
.020
.010
.040
.01*0
.035
.01*0
.015
.010
.010
.010
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.010
.060
.025
.005
.31
1.56
.vr
.78
8.12
1.25
1.87
1.25
1.87
1.56
1.87
2.19
1.87
1.56
1.09
2.50
.62
2.81
GROVE
.62
.31
1-25
1.25
1.09
1.25
.1*7
.31
.31
.31
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.31
1.87
.78
.16
Ik. 60
3.95
25.25
28.72
22.78
15.10
1U.85
12.12
15-60
15-10
13.88
15.10
12.12
13.88
16.60
Ik. 35
5.95
5.95
COAL
7.92
9.1*0
16.82
17.08
17.08
18.82
29.1*5
12.12
U.70
5.95
U.95
k.95
5.70
5.95
2.1*7
3.U8
12.12
8.1*2
22.02
Ik. 29
2.39
21*. 78
27. 9k
lit. 66
13.85
12.98
10.87
13.73
13.51*
12.01
12.91
10.25
12.32
15.51
11.85
5.33
3.H*
7.30
9.09
15-57
15.83
15-99
17.57
28.98
11.81
k.39
5.61*
k.99
k.79
5.51*
5.79
2.31
3.17
10.25
7.61*
21.86
124
-------
Table 27. continued
Sample
No.
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
121*
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
131*
135
136
137
138
139
lUO
11*1
ll*2
11*3
ll*l*
11*5
11*6
ll*7
11*8
ll*9
150
151
152
Value
and
Chroma
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/1
5/1
6/1
7/1
6/0
6/0
5/1
3/0
Tons CaCO^, Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
1
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum " Amount Maximum Excess
%S (from %S] Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
.005
.050
.005
.010
.030
.050
.020
.01*0
.030
.030
.015
.050
.16
1.56
.16
.31
.9!*
1.56
.62
1.25
.9!*
.91*
.1*7
1.56
LOWER CEDAR GROVE
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
5/0
7/0
7/1
8/0
8/1
8/0
8/0
6/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
6/1
7/1
6/1
6/1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
ALMA
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
.010
.010
.010
.005
.360
.020
.025
.010
.010
.010
.010
.060
.050
COAL
.050
.030
.01*0
.oUo
.025
.030
.01*0
.01*0
LOWER ALMA
7/0
0
.020
.31
.31
.31
.16
11.25
.62
.78
.31
.31
.31
.31
1.87
1.56
1.56
.9!*
1.25
1.25
.78
.91*
1.25
1.25
COAL
.62
17.82
56.70
19.30
22.62
3.72
2.98
It. 20
6.92
11.1*2
12.38
16.60
12.88
COAL
3.22
2.27
5.76
23.00
3.52 7-73
10.28
lk. 51
17.26
21.27
21.01
19-51
12.27
5-76
2.01
19.76
18.26
1U.02
25.27
2.27
U.26
2.01
6.27
17.66
55- lU
19- 11*
22.31
2.78
1.1*2
3.58
5.67
10.1*8
11.1*1*
16.13
11.32
2.91
1.96
5.1*5
22.8U
9.66
13.73
16.95
20.96
20.70
19.20
10.1*0
U.20
.1*5
18.82
17-01
12.77
2U.U9
1.33
3.01
.76
5.65
125
-------
Table 27. continued
Sample
No.
153
15U
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
16U
165
166
167
Value
and
Chroma
5/1
7/1
6/1
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
7/1
6/1
5/1
7/1
5/1
6/1
6/1
Fiz
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
%s
.130
.020
.070
.020
.010
.010
.010
.020
.010
.7^5
.380
.175
.31*0
.260
.360
Tons CaCCh
Maximum
(from %S)
U.06
.62
2.19
.62
.31
.31
.31
.62
.31
23.28
11.87
5.VT
10.62
8.12
11.25
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount Maximum
Present Needed (pH 7)
5.28
22.01
17.77
19-02
21.01
16.52
9.26
23.00
lU.76
6.53 16.75
10.28 1.59
13.77
111. 25
11.27
lU.03
Excess
CaC03
1.22
21.39
15.58
18. Uo
20.70
16.21
8.95
22.38
lit. 45
8.30
3.63
3.15
2.78
126
-------
Table 28. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE ALMA COAL OVERBURDEN AT
THE PETER WHITE COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TWO, COLUMN THREE
Sample
No.
Depth
(feet)
Rock
Type
Color
Water
Slaking
1
2
3
U
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
0.0-3.0
3.0-H.O
it. 0-11.0
11.0-11.5
11.5-12.0
12.0-13.0
13.0-lU.O
lU.0-15-0
15.0-16.0
16.0-18.0
18.0-18.5
18.5-20.5
20.5-21.5
21.5-22.5
22.5-23.5
23.5-25.5
NOT SAMPLED
MS 2.5Y 7/2
SS 2.5Y 7A
Garb 2.5Y 3/2
SH 5Y 6/1
SH 5Y 5/1
SH 5Y 6/1
SH 5Y 6/1
SH 5Y U/l
UPPER ALMA COAL
MS 5Y 6/1
MIDDLE ALMA COAL
MS 5Y 5/1
MS 5Y 6/1
MR 5Y 6/1
LOWER ALMA COAL
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
127
-------
Table 29. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE ALMA COAL OVERBURDEN AT
THE PETER WHITE COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TWO, COLUMN THREE
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1
2
3
It
5
6
1
8
PH
(paste)
It
It
3
It
k
5
It
It
UPPER ALMA
9
MIDDLE
10
11
12
3
ALMA
3
3
3
.6
.7
.7
.7
.1
.0
.0
.U
COAL
.3
COAL
.3
.8
.9
PH
(1:
it.
5.
3.
It.
3.
5.
It.
It.
3.
3.
k.
k.
1)
5
0
6
2
8
8
5
6
6
6
2
3
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
2.5
0.5
6.5
1.5
1.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
3-5
6.0
2.0
1.5
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
Bicarbonate
Extracted
K
(ibs.)
21*t
125
179
218
608
87
1*37
87
238
117
198
Ite
Ca
(ibs. )
6UO
160
Uoo
160
160
1200
2320
U80
160
1040
Hoo
Uoo
Mg
(ibs.)
618
312
1176
660
660
1272
1176
660
312
1U16
2^00
1116
P
(Ibs.)
308
kl
18
U7
17
360
300
35
3U
lh2
5U
167
P
(Ibs
30.
8.
6.
30.
U.
8.
15.
It.
U.
17-
It.
8.
.)
8
9
7
8
5
9
It
5
5
6
5
9
LOWER ALMA COAL
128
-------
Table 30. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE ALMA COAL OVERBURDEN AT THE
PETER WHITE COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TWO, COLUMN THREE
Value
Tons
CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons
Sample and Maximum
No. Chroma Fiz %S (from #S)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
UPPER
9
7/2
7/4
3/2
6/1
5/1
6/1
6/1
4/1
ALMA COAL
6/1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.005
.005
.375
.100
.125
.01*5
.275
.150
.100
*
•
11.
3.
3.
1.
8.
IK
3.
16
16
72
12
91
4l
59
69
12
Amount Maximum
Present Needed (pH 7)
3.
2.
- 2.
0.
0.
4.
1.
0.
- 4.
52
01
22
51
03
03
76
51
49
13.
2.
3.
6.
4.
7-
94
61
88
83
18
61
Material
Excess
CaC03
3.36
1.85
2.62
MIDDLE ALMA COAL
10
11
12
LOWER
5/1
6/1
6/1
ALMA COAL
0
0
0
AFTER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7/2
7A
3/2
6/1
5/1
6/1
6/1
4/1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.425
.200
.100
LEACHING
.005
.005
.300
.075
.125
.045
.100
.150
13.
6.
3.
THE
•
•
9-
2.
3.
1.
3.
4.
28
25
12
2.
0.
2.
22
05
01
SAMPLES TO REMOVE
16
16
38
34
91
41
13
69
3.
2.
0.
-0.
0.
4.
0
0.
52
01
7^
74
03
03
51
11.
6.
1.
06
20
11
SULFATES
8.
3.
3.
3.
4.
64
08
88
13
18
3.36
1.85
2.62
UPPER ALMA COAL
9
MIDDLE
10
11
12
6/1
ALMA COAL
5/1
6/1
6/1
0
0
0
0
.100
.250
.050
.075
3.
7.
1.
2.
12
81
56
34
-4.
-3.
-3.
0.
49
99
00
74
7.
8.
4.
1.
61
80
56
60
LOWER ALMA COAL
129
-------
Table 31. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WINIFREDS COAL OVERBURDEN
AT CASE COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TWO
Sample Depth Rock Water
No. (feet) Type Color Slaking
0.0-35.0 NOT SAMPLED
1 35.0-35-5 SS-I 5Y 6/1 0
2 35.5-36.0 SS 5Y 6/1 0
3 36.0-3T.O MR 2.5Y 5/2 1
1* 37.0-38.0 SS 5Y 7/1 0
5 38.0-39-0 MR 10YR 5/1 0
6 39.0-39.3 COAL N 2/0 1
7 39.3-U0.3 MS 10YR 5/1 2
8 40.3-^.3 WINIFREDS COAL
9 44.3-45.0 Garb 5YR 2/1 0
10 45.0-47.0 COAL N 2/0 0
130
-------
Table 32. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WINIFREDE COAL OVERBURDEN
AT CASE COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TWO
Per Thousand
Lime
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
PH
(paste)
T.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
7.2
6.1*
1*.3
PH
(1:1)
7.6
7.5
7.3
6.6
7.1*
6.7
5.6
ment
(tons)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
K
(Its.)
380
361*
2l*7
187
1*00
111*
122
Ca
(Ibs.)
3200
261*0
2320
3120
2000
960
22UO
Mg
(Ibs.)
1101*
852
501*
81*0
561*
261*
381*
P
(Ibs.)
153G
137G
216
128G
216
19
37
Extracted
P
(Ibs. )
2.2
U.5
U.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
WINIFREDE COAL
1.8
6.1
2.2
6.7
10.0
0
179
67
61*0
800
288
72
38
18
2.2
2.2
131
-------
Table 33. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE WINIFREDE COAL OVERBURDEN AT CASE
COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
Value
and
Chroma
6/1
6/1
5/2
7/1
5/1
2/0
5/1
Tons CaCOs Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
WINIFREDE
2/1
2/0
0
0
%s
.060
.050
.065
.020
.050
.800
.050
COAL
lit. 625
• 575
Maximum
(from %S)
1.87
1.56
2.03
.62
1.56
25.00
1.56
U57.03
17.97
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
25.W
25. W
11.29
9.87
2.67
- fc.78 29.78
2.18
- 8.87 It65.90
- 2.13 20.10
23.61
23.92
9.26
9.25
1.11
.62
132
-------
Table 3k. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE HAZARD #5A COAL
OVERBURDEN AT FALCON COAL COMPANY'S RUSSELL FORK MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD THREE.
Sample
No.
Hazard
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
Depth
(feet)
#7 Coal
0.0- 1.0
1.0- 2.0
2.0- 3.0
3.0- U.O
k.Q- 5.0
5.0- 6.0
6.0- 7-0
7.0- 8.0
8.0- 9-0
9.0-10.0
10.0-11.0
11.0-12.0
12.0-13.0
13.0-lU.O
lU. 0-15.0
15.0-16.0
16.0-17.0
17.0-18.0
18.0-19-0
19-0-20.0
20.0-21.0
21.0-22.0
22.0-23.0
23.0-2U.O
2k . 0-25 . 0
25.0-25.2
Rock
Type
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MR
MR
MR
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MR
MR
Hazard
Color
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 6 A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 6 A
2.5Y 5 A
2.5Y 6/2
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6 A
2.5Y 5 A
2.5Y 6 A
2.5Y 6 A
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
#5A Coal
Water
Slaking
k
8
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
7
7
7
3
3
3
k
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
133
-------
Table 35. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE HAZARD #5A COAL OVER-
BURDEN AT FALCON COAL COMPANY'S RUSSELL FORK MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD THREE.
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
HAZARD
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
26
pH pH
(paste) (1:1)
#7 Coal
U.5
U.U
U.U
U.U
U.5
U.6
U.9
5.1
5.6
6.U
7.2
7.6
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.U
6.9
6.3
6.1
5.9
5.9
6.2
7.0
7.1
7-1
HAZARD
U.5
U.U
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.6
U.9
5.0
5.3
6.6
7.0
7.U
7.5
7.5
7.U
7.3
7.0
6.5
6.1
6.1
5.9
6.5
7.1
7.2
7.1
#5A
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
5-5
U.O
U.O
3.0
3.0
3.0
1.5
2.0
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
1.5
1.0
0
0
0
0
Coal
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
156
156
175
150
139
202
187
195
171
195
226
252
256
2U3
198
206
187
16U
153
1U5
150
180
210
28U
28U
Ca
(Ibs.)
300
80
80
120
80
160
U80
560
1360
2000
2000
2080
2U80
2UOO
2560
2UOO
2720
2160
2080
2000
2080
2080
2080
2000
2000
Bicarbonate
Extracted
Mg P P
(Ibs.) (Ibs.) (Ibs.)
396
300
3U8
312
300
588
68U
660
888
960
92U
912
1188
110U
1092
10UU
116U
98U
9U8
912
912
8UO
828
768
732
U3
20
21
U5
32
35
50
85
192
29U
183
1U7G
132G
137G
lU2
159
159
167
183
192
200
200
183
167G
29U
U.5
2.2
U.5
17.6
15. U
13.2
13.2
11.0
11.0
6.7
6.7
2.2
2.2
3.U
U.5
U.5
6.7
6.7
6.7
7.8
8.9
7.8
U.5
U.5
U.5
134
-------
Table 36. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE HAZARD #5A COAL OVERBURDEN
AT FALCON COAL COMPANY'S RUSSELL FORK MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE.
Sample
No.
Value
and
Chroma
Fiz %S
Tons CaCOo Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Maximum Amount Maximum Excess
(from JfS) Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
HAZARD #7 Coal
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lli
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
6/2
8/2
7/2
7/2
TA
TA
6/1+
TA
6A
5A
6/2
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/2
6/2
6/2
6A
5A
6/1*
6A
6/2
6/2
6/1
6/1
HAZARD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
#5/
.035
.010
.010
.005
.005
.020
.020
.010
.005
.010
.020
.oUo
.035
.035
.025
.030
.020
.010
.005
.005
.005
.015
.025
.075
.075
L Coal
1.09
.31
.31
.16
.16
.62
.62
.31
.16
.31
.62
1.25
1.09
1.09
.78
.9*
.62
.31
.16
.16
.16
.vr
.78
-1.26
- .76
-1.26
- .76
- .25
0
1.26
- .25
2.75
5-78
12.57
22.85
17.60
19.85
lU.06
20.35
6.79
5.53
6.29
3.76
U.2T
5.02
1U.5T
20.10
11.56
2.35
1.
1,
07
57
.92
.1*1
.62
.56
.61*
2.59
5.U7
11.95
21.60
16.51
18.76
13.28
19. Ul
6.17
5.22
6.13
3.60
13.79
17.76
9.22
135
-------
Table 37. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OP THE HAZARD #5A COAL OVERBURDEN
AT FALCON COAL COMPANY'S RUSSELL FORK MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1U
15
16
17
18
Depth
(feet)
HAZARD #7 COAL
0. 0-1. 0
1.0-2.0
2.0-3.0
3.0-^.0
U. 0-5-0
5.0-6.0
6.0-7.0
7.0-8.0
8.0-9.0
9.0-10.0
10.0-11.0
11.0-lU.O
lU. 0-15.0
15.0-16.0
16.0-17.0
17.0-18.0
18.0-19.0
19.0-20.0
20.0-21.0
21.0-22.0
HAZARD #5A COAL
Rock
Type
MS
MS
MR
MR
MS
MS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
NOT SAMPLED
MR
MR
MR
MR
NOT SAMPLED
MR
MR
MR
Color
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/0
Water
Slaking
8
7
5
5
It
k
h
k
U
l
3
h
1»
3
U
3
3
136
-------
Table 38. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE HAZARD #5A COAL OVERBURDEN
AT FALCON COAL COMPANY'S RUSSELL FORK MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Lime Acid Extracted
Require-
Sample pH pH ment K
No. (paste) (l:l) (tons) (Ibs. )
Ca
(Ibs.)
Mg
(Ibs.)
P
(Ibs.)
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs. )
HAZARD #7 COAL
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
HAZARD
6.1
6.8
7-3
7.3
7.5
7.6
7.7
7-7
7-7
7.7
7.5
7-8
7-8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7-7
6.6
6.2
6.8
7.5
7.3
7.5
7.6
7-7
7-7
7.7
7.7
7.5
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.6
6.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#5A COAL
261
252
23k
289
307
280
293
298
289
26k
2k3
322
307
327
317
317
322
293
1360
1280
1200
1680
1920
181*0
1920
2080
2560
2560
30UO
3280
3200
3520
3360
3200
2320
2080
62k
516
1*56
588
6Bk
62k
6U8
660
924
9U8
1056
1212
1176
1392
13M
1320
8UO
672
132
238
238G
256G
200G
153G
192G
192 G
183G
192 G
308
1U7G
HkG
159G
167 G
17^ G
216 G
256
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
137
-------
Table 39. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE HAZARD #5A COAL OVERBURDEN AT
FALCON COAL COMPANY'S RUSSELL FORK MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD THREE, COLUMN TWO
Value
Sample and
No. Chroma Fiz
Tons CaC03 Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
(from Jfe)
Amount
Present
Maximum
Needed (pH 7)
Excess
HAZARD #7 COAL
1
2
3
I*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
17
18
HAZARD
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
5/1
#5A COAL
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0^0
.035
.025
.035
.035
.oUo
.oUo
.01*0
.01*0
.030
.035
.oUo
.oUo
.0^0
.oUo
.oUo
.oUo
.250
1.25
1.09
.78
1.09
1.09
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
• 9U
1.09
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
7.81
U.77
5-78
25.63
18.08
20.60
2U.62
22.62
30. UO
26. 6U
28.13
2U.37
2U.37
19-09
16. 8U
19.59
19- 3U
lU.06
11.31
3.52
h.69
2U.85
16.99
19.51
23.37
21.37
29-15
25.39
27.19
23.28
23.12
17.8U
15-59
18.3U
18.09
12.81
3.50
138
-------
Table Uo. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OP THE HAZARD #7 COAL OVERBURDEN
AT FALCON COAL COMPANY'S RUSSELL FORK MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE.
Sample Depth Rock Water
No. (feet) Type Color Slaking
1 0.0-0.9 Soil 2.5Y 6/2 10
2 0.9-2.0 Soil 2.5Y 7 A 10
2.0-6.0 NOT SAMPLED
3 6.0-7.0 HAZARD #8 COAL
U 7.0-9.0 MS 10YR 8/1 7
9.0-13-0 NOT SAMPLED
5 13.0-15.0 MS 10YR 8/3 5
6 15.0-17-0 MS 2.5Y 7/2 9
17.0-19.0 NOT SAMPLED
7 19.0-20.5 MR 10YR 7/1 2
8 20.5-22.0 SS 2.5Y 7/2 1
9 22.0-27.0 SS 2.5Y 5/2 0
10 27.0-30.0 SS 5Y 7/1 0
11 30.0-3U.O SS 5Y 8/1 0
12 3lt.0-38.0 SS 5Y 8/1 1
13 38.0-1*2.0 SS 5Y 8/1 1
lU U2.0-M.O SH 5Y 6/1 2
15 M.O+ HAZARD #7 COAL
139
-------
Table Ul. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE HAZARD #7 COAL OVERBURDEN
AT FALCON COAL COMPANY'S RUSSELL FORK MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE.
Per Thousand Tons of
Lime
Acid Extracted
Material
Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
PH
(paste)
6.8
8.0
HAZARD
U.2
U.U
U.U
U.6
U.9
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.2
7.9
7.2
HAZARD
PH
(1:1)
7.0
8.3
#8 COAL
U.I
U.3
U.3
U.7
U.8
6.6
7.1
7.7
8.0
7.9
7.5
ment
(tons )
0
0
U.5
U.O
U.O
2.0
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
K
(ibs. )
226
106
llU
128
103
183
125
128
117
73
87
226
353
Ca
(ibs. )
U2UO
10UO
80
160
2UO
2UO
UUO
720
6UO
U2UO
6080
1200
1760
Mg
(Ibs.)
1UU
lUU
228
576
U92
U08
300
780
U80
1296
1680
10UU
U8o
P
(Ibs.)
91
100
12
2U
25
2U
137
82G
123G
38G
82M
153G
320
Extracted
P
(Ibs. )
U.5
2.2
2.2
1.1
2.2
2.2
17-2
3.2
2.2
3.2
2.2
2.2
U.3
#7 COAL
140
-------
Table 1*2. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE HAZARD #7 COAL OVERBURDEN AT
FALCON COAL COMPANY'S RUSSELL FORK MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE.
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
Value
and
Chroma Fiz
6/2
7A
HAZARD
6/1
8/3
7/2
7/1
7/2
5/2
7/1
8/1
8/1
8/1
6/1
iiAZAPxD
0
0
#8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
#7
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
*S
.005
.005
COAL
.035
.005
.015
.005
.005
.170
.015
.010
.005
.175
.050
COAL
Maximum
(from Jfe)
.16
.16
1.09
.16
.1*7
.16
.16
5.31
.Ii7
.31
.16
5.1*7
1.56
Amount
Present
5.
1.
^ •
- 1.
- 1.
0.
1.
32.
21.
30.
hi.
8.
3.
28
01
76
26
26
00
26
1*2
36
1*0
97
79
76
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
5
1.85
1.1*2
1.73
.16
1
27
20
30
1*1
3
2
.12
.85
.10
.11
.89
.09
.81
.32
.20
141
-------
Table U3. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE HAZARD #9
COAL ZONE AND RESULTANT MINESOIL SAMPLES AT FALCON COAL COMPANY'S
MINE ON FLINT RIDGE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE
Sample
No.
Location
Rock
Type
Color
Water
Slaking
1 Above coal
2 Above coal
HAZARD #9 COAL
3 Parting
HAZARD #9 COAL
it Parting
SH
Garb.
SH
Carb.
10YR U/l
N 2/0
10YR 5/1
10YR 3/1
2
1
1
1
MINESOIL SAMPLES
1
2
3
k
5
Surface
Surface
Surface
Surface
Surface
Chert.
Flint
Flint
SS
MR
5Y 6/1
5Y 8/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 5/1
0
0
0
1
0
142
-------
Table 44. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE HAZARD #9
COAL ZONE AND RESULTANT MINESOIL SAMPLES AT FALCON COAL COMPANY'S
MINE ON FLINT RIDGE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE
Per
Lime
Thousand Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample
No.
1
2
HAZARD
3
HAZARD
4
pH
(paste)
3.1
4.4
#9 COAL
3.1
#9 COAL
3.1
PH
(1:
2.
4.
3.
3.
1)
9
5
2
1
ment
(tons)
7.
9.
6.
6.
0
5
5
0
K
(Ibs.)
114
122
147
218
Ca
(Ibs. )
160
8960
400
240
Mg
(Ibs.)
48
444
84
72
P
(Ibs.)
19
12
48
24
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
4
2
8
4
.3
.2
.6
.3
MINESOIL SAMPLES
1
2
3
4
5
7.9
7.5
7.9
6.3
4.7
8.0
7.4
8.1
7.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
156 11200
167 64o
120 11520
117 1360
385 3600
348
156
180
180
276
20
47
21
246
216
6.7
3.4
7.8
80.0
28.8
143
-------
Table 1*5. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT FOR THE HAZARD #9
COAL ZONE AND RESULTANT MINESOIL SAMPLES AT FALCON COAL COMPANY'S
MINE ON FLINT RIDGE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE
Sample
No.
1
2
riAZARD
3
iiAZARB
1+
Value
and
Chroma
VI
2/0
#9 COAL
5/1
#9 COAL
3/1
Fiz
0
0
0
0
$SS
.375
.900
.175
.125
Tons CaCO-}
Maximum
(from %S)
11.72
28.12
5-^7
3.91
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
- 3.76
15.58
- 3.00
- 2.27
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
15 A8
12.51+
8.1+7
6.18
MINESOIL SAMPLES
1
2
3
k
5
6/1
8/1
6/1
7/1
5/1
5
0
5
0
0
.250
.040
.150
.075
.575
7.81
1.25
h.69
2.3U
17-97
5^9.15
• 76
H56.79
1.01
5.28
.3U
1*52.10
1.33
12.69
144
-------
Table ^6. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE HAZARD #9 COAL OVERBURDEN
AT THE COOMBS COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE
Sample
No.
1
1A
2
2A
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
HAZARD
Depth
(feet)
0.0-10.0
10.0-13.0
10.0-13.0
13.0-16.0
13.0-16.0
16.0-18.0
18.0-20.0
20.0-22.0
22.0-24.0
24.0-25.0
25.0-27.0
27.0-29.0
29.0-31.0
31.0-32.1
32.1-33.2
33.2-34.3
3^. 3-35. 4
35.4-36.6
36.6-37.7
37.7-38.8
38.8-39-9
39.9-41.0
41.0-42.2
42.2-43-3
43.3-44.4
44.4-45.5
45.5-46.6
46.6-47.8
47.8-48.9
48.9-50.0
50.0-51.1
51.1-52.2
52.2-53.4
53.4-54.5
54.5-55.6
55.6-56.7
#9 COAL
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
SS-I
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
Color
2.5Y 5/2
10YR 6/6
10YR 6/4
10YR 6/6
10YR 6/6
10YR 5/1
10YR 6/6
2.5Y 7/2
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/1
Water
Slaking
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
4
5
5
3
2
3
4
145
-------
Table 47. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE HAZARD #9 COAL OVERBURDEN
AT THE COOMBS COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1
1A
2
2A
3
4
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
tiAZARD
PH
(paste)
4.8
5.6
6.2
6.0
6.1
3.4
4.9
5-9
6.3
5-8
6.0
5.2
6.1
3.3
4.6
6.5
7.1
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.4
7-5
7.4
7-4
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.3
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.2
6.8
5.4
3.1
#9 COAL
pH
(1:1)
4.8
5-5
5-9
5.8
6.1
3.3
4.8
5.6
5.9
5-6
5.6
5-1
6.1
3.7
6.4
6.5
7.0
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.3
6.8
5.7
3.2
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
4.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
5.5
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
120
106
81
103
120
238
78
92
134
92
92
89
364
322
380
364
4i6
364
364
359
385
364
359
348
343
332
353
348
338
343
343
327
280
284
117
Ca
(Ibs.)
1360
400
320
240
320
1200
320
240
560
320
480
2160
3920
3520
3440
5520
6000
9280
10080
10560
10720
10720
10720
11040
10720
10880
10880
10880
10720
10880
10720
9600
10080
6880
5920
Mg
(Ibs.)
528
120
120
108
96
672
144
144
192
48
48
108
564
588
612
1464
1632
1044
828
708
720
648
696
672
624
600
648
612
588
576
564
780
1248
1080
912
P
(Ibs. )
37
48
62G
60G
65G
123
47G
43G
88G
80G
94G
308G
372
372
372G
385G
385
119
52
32
35
26
26
23
21
21
22
23
22
22
22
65
360
385
300G
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
20.0
4.5
11.0
5.5
6.7
18.8
12.4
5.5
2.2
2.2
3.4
6.8
5-5
5.5
4.5
3.4
4.5
3.4
4.5
3.4
3.4
2.2
2.2
2.2
3.4
4.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.2
3.4
4.5
7.8
11.0
24.3
146
-------
Table 48. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE HAZARD #9 COAL OVERBURDEN AT THE
COOMBS COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE
Sample
No.
1
1A
2
2A
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
HAZARD
Value
and
Chroma
5/2
6/6
6/4
6/6
6/6
5/1
6/6
7/2
7/1
8/0
7/1
7/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
5/1
#9 COAL
Tons CaCOo Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fix
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
1
0
0
%a
.055
.005
.010
.005
.010
.280
.010
.005
.030
.010
.020
.080
.825
1.150
1.225
1.225
• 775
.500
.700
.675
.675
.1*75
.425
A50
.550
.^75
.450
.475
.400
.470
.970
1.450
2.400
2.600
3.4oo
Maximum
(from #S)
1.72
.16
.31
.16
.31
8.75
.31
.16
• 94
.31
.62
2.50
25.78
35.94
38.28
38.28
24.22
15.62
21.87
21.09
21.09
14.84
13.28
14.06
17.19
14.84
14.06
14.84
12.50
14.69
30.31
45.31
75.00
81.25
106.25
Amount
Present
2.27
.50
.50
.25
.25
.25
.25
.76
12.83
.25
.76
7.55
12.57
8.53
9.04
16.84
21.87
28.63
32.67
38.18
41.46
68.83
67.09
68.58
65.57
69.34
64.06
73.86
119-45
117-00
115.71
31.41
19.09
8.53
1.01
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
.06
8.50
.06
.06
13.21
27.41
29.24
21.44
2.35
13.90
55-91
72.72
105.24
.55
.34
.19
.09
.60
11.89
.14
5-05
13.01
10.80
17.09
20.37
53.99
53.81
54.52
48.38
54.50
50.00
59.02
106.95
102.31
85.40
147
-------
Table 1*9- PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE HAZARD #9 COAL OVERBURDEN AT
THE COOMBS COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
HAZARD #9 COAL
Depth
( feet )
0.0-31.0
31.0-32.1
32.1-33.2
33. 2-31*. 3
31*. 3-35-1*
35.1*-36.6
36.6-37.7
37-7-38.8
38.8-39-9
39.9-^1.0
1*1.0-1*2.2
1*2.2-1*3.3
l*3.3-Ul*.l*
UU.U-U5.5
1*5.5-1*6.6
1*6.6-1*7.8
1*7.8-1*8.9
1*8.9-50.0
50.0-51.1
51.1-52.2
52.2-53.1*
53.1*-5l*.5
5U.5-55.6
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
MS
MS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
SH
Color
10YR 5/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
N 5/0
Water
Slaking
7
8
9
7
7
7
7
5
6
5
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
5
5
5
1*
1*
148
-------
Table 50. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE liAZAKD #9 COAL OVERBURDEN
AT THE COOMBS COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
HAZARD
PH
(paste)
5.2
3.1
h.Q
6.0
T.I
7.2
7.2
7.3
T.I*
7.3
7.U
7.3
T.H
7.3
7.2
7.0
6.5
6.8
6.9
6.8
5.U
2.8
#9 COAL
PH
(1:1)
5.1
3.0
3.9
6.2
7.2
7.U
7.3
7.U
7.5
7.1*
7.U
7.1*
T.I*
T.3
7.3
7.0
6.8
7.0
7.0
6.1
6.3
2.8
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
1.0
3.5
1.5
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
1.0
6.0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs. )
31*3
179
380
380
369
361*
3^3
332
3l*3
327
32T
312
312
31*3
322
31*3
390
312
298
338
30T
120
Ca
(Xbs.)
3200
3360
3600
1*21*0
8960
9920
9T60
1021*0
10880
1101*0
10560
loUoo
10UOO
lOhOO
9920
6560
66UO
10T20
10560
7360
1*720
UU80
Mg
(ibs. )
672
828
7UU
1272
1200
80U
6T2
6U8
6U8
636
6U8
600
612
61*8
636
T80
696
5T6
612
912
T32
6T2
P
(Ibs.)
3T2
3T2G
3T2
385G
238
52
32
2U
25
21
21*
21
21
21*
U5
385G
385G
52
52
385
372
300G
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(ibs. )
2.2
7.9
3.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
0.5
1.1
0.5
1.1
2.2
2.2
U.5
3.2
1.1
3.2
9-1
U.5
20.U
149
-------
Table 51. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE HAZARD #9 COAL OVERBURDEN AT THE
COOMBS COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
iiAZARD
Value
and
Chroma Fiz
5/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
5/0
#9 COAL
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
Tons CaCOo Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Maximum " Amount
%S (from %S) Present
1.130
1.660
1.760
.680
.1*30
1.100
.930
• 590
.730
.760
.650
.560
.580
.61*0
.620
.690
.950
1.2UO
1.610
2.170
1.500
1*.500
35.31
51.87
55.00
21.25
13. M*
31*. 37
29.06
18. M*
22.81
23.75
20.31
17.50
18.12
20.00
19.37
21.56
29.69
38.75
50.31
67.81
1*6.87
ll*0.62
20.07
10.07
9.5^
2l*.37
31.16
31*. 67
38.68
67.85
71.61
71.86
71*. 11
73.38
73.86
67-59
29.1*7
16.59
12.07
52.52
1*1.1*6
11.56
5.78
.50
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
15.21*
1*1.80
1*5.1*6
1*.97
17.62
8.85
56.25
1*1.09
11*0.12
3.12
17.72
.30
9.62
1*9-1*1
1*8.80
1*8.11
53.80
55.88
55. 71*
U7-59
10.10
13.77
150
-------
Table 52. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE HAZARD #9 COAL OVERBURDEN
AT THE COOMBS COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE, COLUMN THREE
Sample
No.
Depth
(feet)
Rock
Type
Color
Water
Slaking
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
0.0-U8.0
U8.0-U8.5
U8.5-U9.0
1+9.0-51.0
51.0-53.0
53.0-55.0
55.0-56.0
56.0-57.7
57.7-58.0
58.0+
NOT SAMPLED
MR
SH
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
HAZARD #9
10YR 7/6
10YR 6/3
10YR 6/3
10YR 6/1
N 6/0
10YR 6/1
N 5/0
N U/0
COAL
3
2
2
1
1
2
5
151
-------
Table 53. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HAZARD #9 COAL OVERBURDEN
AT THE COOMBS COAL COMPANY'S MINE NEIGHBORHOOD THREE, COLUMN THREE
Per Thousand
Lime
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
PH
(paste)
5.9
5.1*
6.7
7.1
7.1
5.7
3.5
1.6
liAZARD
pH
(1:1)
5-3
5-5
6.8
7.1
7.1
5.6
3.5
2.0
#9 COAL
ment
(tons)
2.5
2.0
0
0
0
1.0
6.0
12.5
K
(Ibs. )
206
226
2ll*
280
289
385
78
353
Ca
(Ibs.)
1760
21*00
1*560
11360
11200
3280
7280
1*080
Mg
(Ibs. )
1*68
1*68
516
1*20
1*20
321*
732
2208
P
(Ibs.)
75
88
360
25
1*0
385
183G-
238G
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
13.6
20.5
11.1*
1*.5
U.5
U.5
28. h
17.0
152
-------
Table 51*. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE nAZAUD #9 COAL OVERBURDEN AT THE
COOMBS COAL COMPANY'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD THREE, COLUMN THREE
Sample
No.
1
2
3
h
5
6
7
8
9
Value
and
Chroma Fiz
7/6
6/3
6/3
6/1
6/0
6/1
5/0
U/o
HAZARD
0
0
0
3 1
3
0
0 3
0 22
#9
Tons CaC03
Maximum
%S (from $S)
.010
.015
.070
.U70
.U80
.330
.825
.000
COAL
,
2.
1;5.
15-
10.
119.
687.
31
U7
19
9^
00
31
53
50
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
1.
3.
8.
167.
172.
5-
3.
- Uo.
26
03
28
31
3U
28
03
76
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
.95
2.56
6.09
121.37
157-3^
5.03
116.50
728.26
153
-------
Table 55. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UNDERWOOD COAL OVERBURDEN AT
ARCH COAL COMPANY'S FABIUS MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FOUR.
Sample
No.
A
B21
B22
C
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
31+
Depth
(feet)
- 0.7
0.7- 1.7
1.7- 2.0
2.0- 2.5
2.5- 3.3
3.3- 4.0
l+.O- 6.0
6.0- 8.0
8.0-10.0
10.0-12.0
12.0-14.0
ll*. 0-16.0
16.0-20.0
20.0-22.0
22.0-24.0
24. 0-26.0
26.0-28.0
28.0-30.0
30.0-32.0
32.0-34.0
34.0-36.0
36.0-38.0
38.0-40.0
1*0.0-1*2.0
42.0-44.0
44. 0-U6.0
1*6.0-1*8.0
1*8.0-50.0
50.0-50.5
50.5-52.5
52. 5-51*. 5
54.5-56.5
56.5-58.5
58.5-60.0
60.0-61.0
61.0-62.5
62. 5-61*. 6
64.6-
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
SS
MR
MS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR-I
MR-I
MR-I
MS-I
MS-I
SS-I
SS-I
SS
SS-I
SS-I
SS-I
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR
MR
MR
UNDERWOOD
MR
Color
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 7/4
10YR 6/6
7.5YR 6/6
10YR 8/2
10YR 7/4
7.5YR 8/2
2.5Y 8/1*
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
10 YR 7/3
5YR 7/1
10YR 7/3
10YR 8/2
10YR 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 6/2
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
2.5Y 7/4
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
10YR 7/1
5Y 7/1
2.5Y 6/4
10YR 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
2.5Y 5/2
10YR 5/1
10 YR 5/1
COAL
10YR 4/1
Water
Slaking
0
1
3
5
10
7
5
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
10
10
1
1*
1*
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
2
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
2
154
-------
Table 56. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UNDERWOOD COAL OVERBURDEN AT
ARCH COAL COMPANY'S FABIUS MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FOUR.
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
A
B2i
B22
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
PH
(paste)
4.3
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.7
4.1
4.3
4.6
7.2
6.7
6.5
5-0
7.7
5.8
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.0
6.1
5.4
7.7
5-9
6.4
6.6
5.4
5.2
5.9
6.6
5.7
5.2
5.3
5.9
6.5
6.4
4.8
PH
(1:1
4.2
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.7
4.1
4.1
4.4
6.7
6.0
5.8
4.8
7.3
4.7
4.2
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
5.6
5.1
7.4
5.6
6.1
6.3
5-1
5.1
5.4
6.1
5-7
5.2
5.2
5.8
6.9
6.7
4.9
UNDERWOOD
3.7
3.5
Lime
Tons of
Acid Extracted
Require-
ment K
) (tons) (lbs.1
4.5
2.0
3.5
5-5
1-5
7.0
6.0
2.0
0
1.0
1.0
2.0
0
1.5
4.5
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
0.5
1.0
0
1.5
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0
0
1.5
COAL
2.5
100
73
95
64
75
69
103
111
89
64
81
92
73
29
89
111
106
147
131
160
122
145
252
171
156
73
67
73
46
69
64
87
103
284
280
289
266
Ca
> (Ibs.)
480
160
240
80
80
40
80
160
280
120
240
80
960
440
40
80
80
80
80
480
400
720
800
600
560
240
160
160
160
320
320
240
640
1240
1760
720
360
Mg
(Ibs.)
48
24
72
96
24
36
48
60
36
12
24
12
24
24
18
48
60
348
300
276
228
204
384
264
252
84
36
48
24
36
48
36
48
384
348
264
192
Material
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.) (Ibs.)
22
32
45
58
19
35
20
17
56
38
40
19
40
17
15
15
12
22
19
132
88
115
216
153
153
48G
43G
40G
37
43G
77
56G
56G
159
174
132
34
9.1
6.8
4.5
4.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
2.2
2.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
4.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
6.8
9.1
6.8
6.8
155
-------
Table 57. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE UNDERWOOD COAL OVERBURDEN AT ARCH
COAL COMPANY'S FABIUS MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FOUR.
Sample
No.
A
B21
(f^
1
2
3
It
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3l*
Value
and
Chroma
5/2
7A
6/6
6/6
8/2
7A
8/2
8/1*
7/1
8/0
7/1
7/3
7/1
7/3
8/2
7/2
7/2
6/2
6/1
6/1
7A
6/1
5/1
6/1
6/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1*
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
5/2
5/1
5/1
Tons CaCC
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
UNDERWOOD
Vl
0
)q Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Maximum Amount Maximum
%S (from $S) Present Needed (pH 7
.005
.005
.005
.020
.005
.010
.005
.010
.025
.005
.005
.005
.005
.010
.005
.005
.005
.005
.010
.035
.050
.030
.035
.01*0
.01*5
.01*5
.01*0
.015
.015
.060
.025
.070
.020
.130
.030
.035
COAL
.125
.16
.16
.16
.62
.16
.31
.16
.31
.78
.16
.16
.16
.16
.31
.16
.16
.16
.16
.31
1.09
1.56
• 9k
1.09
1.25
1.1*1
1.1*1
1.25
• kl
.1*7
1.87
.78
2.19
.62
1+.06
• 9k
1.09
5.91
0
- .25
- 1.77
- 1.26
- -50
- 3.77
- 3.00
- .50
.76
0
0
- .50
.76
.25
0
- 1.26
- .25
- .50
- .78
7.30
3.51
9-5k
1*.27
11.06
H*.57
1.26
1.01
1.52
1*.77
2.78
1.26
1.01
1.26
9.0l*
1*.27
3.26
1.26
.16
.1*1
1.93
1.88
.66
1*.08
3.16
.81
.02
.16
.16
.66
.06
.16
1.1+2
.1*1
.66
1.09
.15
.21*
1.18
2.65
Excess
) CaC03
,60
6.21
1.95
8.60
3.18
9.81
13.16
1.05
1*.30
.91
.1*8
.61*
It. 98
3.33
2.17
156
-------
Table 58. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UNDERWOOD COAL OVERBURDEN AT
ARCH COAL COMPANY'S FABIUS MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FOUR, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Depth
(feet)
-50.0
50.0-51.0
51.0-52.0
52.0-53.0
53.0-5^.0
5^.0-55.0
55.0-56.0
56.0-5T.O
57.0-58.0
58.0-59.0
59.0-60.0
60.0-61.0
61.0-62.0
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR
MR
MR
MR
Color
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/2
10 YR 6/1
5Y 7/1
10YR 6/2
5Y 7/2
10YR 5/1
10 YR 5/1
2.5YR 5/2
5Y U/l
Water
Slaking
3
3
9
2
U
5
2
2
2
2
2
UNDERWOOD COAL
157
-------
Table 59. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE UNDERWOOD COAL OVERBURDEN AT
ARCH COAL COMPANY'S FABIUS MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FOUR, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand Tons of
Lime
Acid Extracted
Material
Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PH
(paste)
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.8
5-1
4.8
5-3
5.2
5.6
4.6
PH
(1:
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.
5.
5.
4.
1)
4
7
6
7
6
8
7
l
0
3
5
ment
(tons )
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
K
(its . )
84
84
128
128
111
134
120
256
252
289
280
Ca
(Ibs.)
160
160
240
240
200
240
200
960
10 40
1040
880
Mg
(Ibs.)
66
66
108
102
90
96
96
270
312
336
300
P
(Ibs.)
52
54
75
67
54
67
50
238
216
174
159
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
13.
11.
13.
11.
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
4
6
4
UNDERWOOD COAL
158
-------
Table 60. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE UNDERWOOD COAL OVERBURDEN AT ARCH
COAL COMPANY'S FABIUS MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FOUR, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
Value
and
Chroma
7/1
T/l
7/2
6/1
7/1
6/2
7/2
5/1
5/1
5/2
U/l
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
UNDERWOOD
%s
.035
.020
.025
.0^0
.025
.030
.020
.110
.100
.075
.125
COAL
Tons CaCO^
Maximum
(from %S)
1.09
.62
.78
1.25
.78
.9^
.62
3.UU
3.12
2.3^
3-91
Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
.76
1.01
.76
1.01
.76
.76
.76
6.79
6.29
8.28
5.02
Maximum
Needed (pH 7)
.33
.02
.2U
.02
.18
Excess
CaCO^
.39
.lU
3.35
3.17
5.9U
1.11
159
-------
Table 6l. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE POPLAR CREEK (GLEN MARY) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT HELENWOOD EXCAVATING'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE
Sample
No.
Al
B2t
B3t
Cl
C2
C3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
111
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
POPLAR
Depth
(feet)
0.0-0.6
0.6-1.8
1.8-2.7
2.7-4.2
It. 2-6. 2
6.2-8.2
8.2-10.2
10.2-12.2
12.2-14.2
14.2-16.2
16.2-18.0
18.0-20.7
20.7-21.6
21.6-23.3
23.3-25.1
25.1-27.6
27.6-28.5
28.5-32.8
32.8-33.7
33.7-34.6
34.6-36.3
36.3-41.6
41.6-45.1
U5.1-49.5
49.5-50.4
50.4-52.2
52.2-54.9
54.9-57.6
57.6-60.3
60.3-61.2
CREEK COAL
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS
MR
SS
SH
SH
SH
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
SH
SH
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MS
MS
MS
MR
SH
MS
Color
2.5Y 6/4
2.5Y 6/4
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/4
10YR 7/4
10YR 6/4
10YR 6/3
2.5Y 6/4
10YR 6/4
2.5Y 5/2
5Y 5/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 8/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/1
10 YR 5/1
5Y 5/1
10YR 5/1
10YR 5/1
10 YR 5/1
10YR 5/1
10 YR 5/1
10YR 5/1
10 YR 5/1
10YR 4/1
Water
Slaking
1
6
8
7
6
2
2
2
0
1
9
9
8
9
6
3
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
2
3
6
160
-------
Table 62. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE POPLAR CREEK (GLEN MARY)
COAL OVERBURDEN AT HELENWOOD EXCAVATING'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE
Per Thousand Tons of
Sample
No.
Al
B2t
B3t
Cl
C2
C3
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
POPLAR
pH
(paste)
U.9
U.7
U.7
U.7
U.7
U.8
U.9
U.7
U.7
U.U
6.0
it. 8
2.9
3.8
3.9
5.U
6.3
6.6
6.7
7.3
7.6
5.3
7.0
7.9
6.7
7.2
7.2
6.8
6.6
3.2
PH
(1:1)
U.9
U.8
U.7
U.6
k.6
U.6
U.9
U.5
U.6
U.7
6.U
5-1
3.3
U.I
U.I
5-2
5.7
6.0
6.2
6.7
7.1
U.9
6.5
7-3
6.6
6.8
6.7
6.U
6.1
3.5
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
2.0
2.0
2.5
5.0
U.5
5.5
1.5
5.0
U.O
3.5
0.5
0.5
3.0
1.0
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0
0
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0.5
1.0
Material
Acid Extracted
K
Clbs.)
109
117
103
95
100
98
62
171
179
187
226
252
139
238
252
252
28U
270
317
327
327
317
317
338
293
3U3
327
317
302
238
Ca
(Ibs.)
280
80
80
80
UO
UO
ho
80
80
160
22UO
1760
880
6UO
560
Uoo
720
1120
1280
1600
2160
1600
lUUo
1680
1280
1360
1360
1120
10UO
960
Mg
(Ibs. )
66
72
60
8U
72
96
2U
180
300
306
792
56U
50U
UUU
38U
276
3U8
336
336
U56
552
552
U32
552
U20
U56
50U
U56
U56
U92
P
(Ibs . )
38
32
32
38
U5
U7
31
69
67
58
238
360
97
U7
U5
U7
107
3U6
300
320
360
29U
256
238
2U6
2U6
238
167
lU2
77
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
2.2
2.2
1.1
1.1
0.5
2.2
U.5
20.5
18.2
13.6
33.0
9.6
7.2
7.2
U.8
2.U
U.8
2.U
2.U
2.U
2.U
2.U
2.U
2.U
2.U
1.2
0.5
0.5
9.6
2.U
CREEK COAL
161
-------
Table 63. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE POPLAR CREEK (GLEN MARY) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT HELENWOOD EXCAVATING'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Sample
No.
Al
B2t
B3t
Cl
C2
C3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
POPLAR
Value
and
Chroma Fiz
6/4
7/4
7/4
7A
7/4
7A
6/4
6/3
6/4
6/4
5/2
5/1
6/1
8/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
6/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
4/1
CREEK
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COAL
Tons CaCO-3 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
%S
.015
.015
.015
.015
.010
.010
.005
.010
.010
.010
.025
.065
1.100
.180
.200
.015
.035
.040
.070
.030
.060
.820
.220
.040
.080
.040
.030
.040
.o4o
.850
Maximum
Cfrom %S]
.47
• U7
.47
.vr
.31
.31
.16
.31
.31
.31
.78
2.03
34.37
5.62
6.25
.47
1.09
1.25
2.19
• 94
1.87
25.62
6.87
1.25
2.50
1.25
.94
1.25
1.25
26.56
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
- .25
- 1.95
- .74
- 1.71
- 1.95
- 2.70
0
- .74
- .50
- .74
3.43
4.4i
0.49
6.12
0.98
1.22
11.02
7.10
10.04
16.66
16.42
7.10
16.52
12.25
15.19
24.01
20.32
20.34
15.20
1.95
.72
2.42
1.21
2.18
2.26
3.01
.16
1.05
.81
1.05
33.88
5.27
18.52
24.61
2.65
2.38
• 50
.75
9.93
5.85
7.85
15.73
14.55
4.68
11.00
12.69
22.76
19.38
19.09
13.95
162
-------
Table 6U. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POPLAR CREEK (GLEN MARY)
COAL OVERBURDEN AT HELENWOOD EXCAVATING'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE, COLUMN TWO.
Sample
No.
Depth
( feet )
Rock
Type
Water
Color Slaking
0.0-52.9 NOT SAMPLED
1 52.9-5^.7 MR 10YR 5/1 1
2 5^.7-56.5 MR 10YR 5/1 3
3 56.5-57-i* MR 10YR 5/1 3
b 57.^-59.2 SH 10YR 5/1 3
POPLAR CREEK COAL
163
-------
Table 65. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPLAR CREEK (GLEN MARY)
COAL OVERBURDEN AT HELENWOOD EXCAVATING'S MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE, COLUMN TOO
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
1
2
3
h
POPLAR
pH
(paste
7.1
7-2
7.1
6.7
CREEK
pH
) (1:1)
6.5
6.8
9.0
6.3
COAL
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
0
0
0
0.5
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs.)
317
327
317
312
Ca
(ibs.)
1200
1200
1120
1120
Mg
(ibs . )
^56
516
1+92
50U
Bicarbonate
P
(Ibs . )
2U6
200
183
1^7
Extracted
P
(ibs . )
1.2
1.2
0.5
2.1*
Table 66. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE POPLAR CREEK (.GLEN MARY) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT HELENWOOD EXCAVATING'S MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE,
COLUMN TWO.
Sample
No.
1
2
3
k
Value
and
Chroma
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
Fiz
0
0
0
0
$S
.050
.030
.030
.100
Tons CaC03
Maximum
(from %S]
1.56
• 9^
• 9U
3.12
Equivalent /Thousand
Amount
Present
16. Hi
22.5^
19-35
12.50
Maximum
Needed (pH
Tons Material
Excess
7) CaC03
111. 85
21.60
18. Ul
9-38
POPLAR CREEK COAL
164
-------
Table 67. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BIG MARY (DEAN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT SPRADLIN'S MLNE-15, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Sample
No.
AI
Bl
B2t
BS
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
BIG MARY COAL
Depth
(feet )
0.0-0.8
0.8-1.6
1.6-2.4
2.4-3.2
3.2-4.0
4.0-5.0
5.0-8.0
8.0-11.0
11.0-14.0
14.0-17.0
17.0-20.0
20.0-23.0
23.0-26.0
26.0-27.5
27.5-29.0
29.0-30.5
30.5-32.0
32.0-33.5
33.5-35.0
35.0-36.5
36.5-38.0
38.0-Ui.O
41.0-44.0
44.0-47.0
47.0-50.0
50.0-53.0
53.0-56.0
56.0-57-5
57.5-59-0
59.0-60.5
60.5-62.0
62.0-63.5
63.5-64.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
MS
MS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
Color
10YR 6/4
10YR 7/6
10YR 7/6
10YR 8/6
10YR 8/4
10 YR 7/3
10YR 7/4
10YR 7/4
7.5YR 5/6
10 YR 6/4
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/4
7.5YR 6/5
10YR 6/6
10YR 7/4
10 YR 6/4
2.5Y 6/4
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 3/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 4/1
Water
Slaking
3
3
4
3
4
i
2
3
2
3
7
8
10
9
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
165
-------
Table 68. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE BIG MARY (DEAN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT SPRADLIN'S MINE-15, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Per Thousand Tons of
Sample
No.
A!
Bl
B3
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Lime
Acid Extracted
Require-
pH pH ment K
(paste) (1:1) (tons) (ibs.
4.6
4.7
4.6
5.1
4.4
4.6
4.8
4.7
4.9
5.0
4.8
5.0
6.1
6.4
6.9
6.3
6.8
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.9
8.1
8.0
8.0
8.0
7-9
7.1
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.2
7.4
7.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.1
4.8
4.5
4.7
5.6
6.0
6.2
6.1
6.4
7.4
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.4
7.4
7.4
4.5
4.0
4.0
5.0
5.5
5.0
2.5
4.5
2.0
2.2
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
179
202
175
150
150
153
153
128
167
139
160
187
64
58
49
53
60
183
206
214
222
206
222
238
317
343
348
359
364
374
385
343
405
Ca
) (Ibs.)
400
320
280
160
160
160
280
244
360
320
160
720
400
320
160
480
1,840
8,960
10,080
10,240
10,880
10,720
10,560
9,920
4,160
5,200
4,160
4,480
4,640
4,080
5,760
5,360
4,720
Mg
(Ibs . )
144
120
144
144
216
300
288
324
528
114
216
408
144
72
30
48
96
372
348
336
324
300
300
384
588
636
612
660
696
720
696
708
768
Material
Bicarbonate
P
(Ibs . )
27
31
27
32
25
32
65
48
56
54
52
153
62
48
60
82
300
47
26
24
26
24
29
62
29 4G
308G
308G
294G
256G
294G
385G
360G
385G
Extracted
P
(ibs.)
4.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
0.5
0.5
4.5
2.2
25.0
9.5
21.2
56.0
25.8
11.8
7.2
9.5
4.8
4.8
2.4
4.8
4.8
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
4.8
4.8
4.8
2.4
2.4
BIG MARY COAL
166
-------
Table 69. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE BIG MARY (DEAN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT SPBADLIN'S MINE-15, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE
Sample
No.
Al
Bl
B2t
B3
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
Value
and
Chroma
6/4
7/6
7/6
8/6
8/4
7/3
7/4
7/4
5/6
6/4
7/4
7/4
5/6
6/6
7/4
6/4
6/4
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
5/1
5/1
3/1
5/1
4/1
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
3
3
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
jte
.030
.015
.010
.055
.010
.035
.035
.010
.005
.010
.005
.005
.005
.010
.005
.010
.025
.050
.065
.070
.060
.085
.035
.050
.070
.070
.060
.080
.100
.175
.475
.350
.450
Maximum
(from 5fe)
0.94
0.47
0.31
1.72
0.31
1.09
1.09
0.31
0.16
0.31
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.31
0.16
0.31
0.78
1.56
2.03
2.19
1.88
3.66
1.09
1.56
2.19
2.19
1.88
2.50
3.12
5.47
14.84
10.94
14.06
Amount
Present
-1.47
-2.70
-1.96
-1.96
-2.70
-1.96
-1.47
-0.98
-0.49
0.49
0
1.23
.24
0
.24
.49
1.96
32.59
109.65
110.94
96.75
103.20
160.61
33.32
20.09
21.07
21.32
21.32
20.09
16.91
20.83
19.11
18.87
Maximum
Needed (pH 7)
2.4l
3.17
2.27
3.68
3.01
3.05
2.56
1.92
.16
.31
Excess
CaC03
.33
.18
1.07
.08
.08
.18
1.18
31.03
107.62
108.75
94.88
100.54
159.52
31.76
17.90
18.88
19.45
18.82
16.97
11.44
5-99
8.17
4.81
BIG MARY COAL
167
-------
Table TO. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BIG MARY (DEAN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT SPRADLIN'S MINE-15, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE, COLUMN TWO.
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
BIG MARY COAL
Depth
(feet)
0.0-38.0
38.o-ia.o
4i.o-44.o
lili. 0-47.0
47.0-50.0
50.0-53.0
53.0-56.0
56.0-59-0
59.0-60.5
60.5-62.0
62.0-65.0
65.0-68.0
68.0-
Rock
Type
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
Garb
Color
NOT SAMPLED
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 4/1
5Y 4/1
5Y 4/1
5Y 4/1
5Y 2/1
Water
Slaking
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
0
168
-------
Table 71. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BIG MARY (DEAN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT SPRADLIN'S MINE-15, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE, COLUMN TWO.
Per Thousand Tons of
Lime
Acid Extracted
Material
Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample
No.
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
pH
(paste)
7.1*
7-9
7-8
7.9
7-9
7-9
7-8
7.3
7.0
6.9
k,6
3.7
PH
(1:1)
7.3
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.U
7.0
6.9
5.1
k.o
ment
(tons )
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
2.0
K
(Ibs.
206
202
222
298
298
298
302
289
307
317
332
156
Ca
) (Ibs.)
3680
9600
10,080
U320
kkoo
3360
3520
6000
1*960
1*560
6800
2320
Mg
(Ibs.)
20k
26k
288
600
552
5UO
6U8
636
720
68U
6kQ
32k
P
(Ibs.)
320
29
35
29l*G
256G
216G
2U6G
38 5G
385G
372G
385
17UG
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
28.2
21.2
9.5
1.2
1.2
16.5
77.6
It. 8
U.8
U.8
k.Q
9.5
BIG MARY COAL
169
-------
Table 72. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE BIG MARY (DEAN) COAL OVERBURDEN
AT SPRADLIN'S MINE-15, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE, COLUMN TWO.
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Value
and
Chroma
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
Vl
Vi
k/i
Vi
2/1
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
3
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
to
.020
.050
.080
.070
.080
.080
.090
.1*25
.875
1.500
3.025
5.125
Maximum
(from %&}
0.62
1.56
2.50
2.19
2.50
2.50
2.81
13.28
27. 3k
U6.88
9^.53
160.16
Amount
Present
16. U2
117.65
60.02
28.30
22.78
18.86
23.03
21.80
16.17
lU.21
10. 51*
2.20
Maximum
Needed (pH 7)
11.17
32.66
83-99
157.96
Excess
CaC03
15.80
116.09
57.52
26.11
20.28
16.36
20.22
8.52
BIG MARY COAL
170
-------
Table 73. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE GRASSY SPRING AND ROCK SPRING
COAL OVERBURDEN AT THE Me CALL ENTERPRISES1 MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Sample
No.
Al
B2
B31
B32
Cl
C2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
27
28
29
Depth.
(feet }
- 0.8
0.8- 2.0
0.2- 3.1
3.1- 3.9
3.9- 5-5
5.5- 6.5
6.5-12.0
12.0-14.0
14.0-16.0
16.0-18.0
18.0-20.0
20.0-20.5
20.5-21.1*
21.4-23.9
23.9-25.9
25.9-26.8
26.8-27.7
27.7-28.6
28.6-29.it
29.4-30.3
30.3-34.7
34.7-36.4
36.4-40.8
1*0.8-44.3
1*4.3-49.6
49.6-50.4
50.4-52.2
52.2-53.1
53.1-53.9
53.9-54.8
54.8-55-7
55.7-56.5
56.5-59.2
59.2-61.8
61.8-63.5
63.5-67.0
67.0-85.4
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MR
SS
MS
SS
SS
MR
Color
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/4
10YR 6/3
10YR 6/2
10YR 7/1
10YR 7/4
10YR 6/4
10YR 5/6
10YR 7/3
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
Water
Slaking
3
6
9
6
7
4
1
1
1
1
GRASSY SPRING COAL
Carb
10YR 4/1
2
GRASSY SPRING COAL
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
NOT SAMPLED
MS
MS
MS
MS
NOT SAMPLED
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 6/4
2.5Y 6/4
2.5Y 6/2
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 5/4
10YR 5/4
10YR 6/6
10YR 6/6
10YR 6/4
10 YR 6/4
10YR 5/6
10YR 6/6
10YR 6/4
7
7
3
4
3
1
2
2
1
3
5
5
8
8
9
7
7
5
8
171
-------
Table 73. (Continued)
Sample
No.
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Depth
(feet)
85.4-88.1
88.1-91.8
91.8-94.5
94.5-97.3
97.3-98.2
98.2-100.0
100.0-100.9
100.9-101.9
101.9-102.8
102.8-103.9
103.9-104.6
104.6-105.5
105.5-106.0
106 . 0-106 . 8
106.8-108.4
108.4-109.2
109.2-110.0
110.0-110.8
110.8-113.0
Rock
^rpe
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MS
MS
MR
Garb
ROCK
SH
SH
Garb
ROCK
Color
5Y 5/1
10 YR 5/2
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
2.5Y 6/2
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 4/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 4/1
SPRING COAL
10 YR 4/1
10YR 5/1
5Y 2/1
SPRING COAL
Water
Slaking
1
1
2
2
4
1
2
1
4
3
5
6
6
6
4
1
1
172
-------
Table 7^. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE GRASSY SPRING AND ROCK SPRING
COAL OVERBURDEN AT THE MeCALL ENTERPRISES' MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
Al
B2
B31
B32
Cl
c2
1
2
3
it
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
pH
(paste )
it.
it.
it.
3.
4.
it.
it.
it.
it.
k.
5.
it.
5
3
1
8
0
1
7
6
2
3
0
8
GRASSY
2.
6
GRASSY
it.
k.
it.
it.
k.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
k.
5.
4.
It.
it.
it.
it.
it.
0
2
4
1
1
3
5
3
7
3
9
1
4
1
2
2
6
5
Lime
Tons of
Material
Acid Extracted
Require—
pH merit K
(l:l) (tons) (ibs.
k.
it.
it.
it.
it.
it.
5.
it.
it.
it.
5-
5-
8
8
5
3
4
6
1
9
7
8
h
2
SPRING
2.
8
SPRING
it.
it.
it.
it.
k.
6.
6.
7.
7.
6.
5.
5.
it.
k.
U.
U.
4.
4.
4
5
8
It
It
5
6
1
1
9
3
2
8
5
5
5
9
7
1.5
2.0
3.0
6.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.5
2.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
COAL
6.5
COAL
3.0
lt.0
2.0
lt.0
3.5
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
1.5
1.5
2.5
3.0
2.0
3.0
3.5
179
73
60
100
111
111
210
156
111
106
153
266
167
ill
128
1U5
160
171
2k3
230
252
261
353
32?
289
23*t
160
226
275
202
256
Ca
) (Ibs.)
160
^0
IK)
ko
itO
ItO
ItO
ho
ko
ko
ko
320
400
ItO
UO
ko
ko
80
1200
1120
1120
1200
1200
U80
4oo
200
160
2ltO
2itO
2kO
80
Mg
(ibs.)
2k
12
6
12
6
6
30
2k
18
18
36
516
552
30
36
2k
kQ
72
U68
372
336
It08
kkk
300
32 k
168
lit It
168
222
96
8U
P
(ibs.)
100
29
19
22
12
15
50
38
15
16
27
5k
21
25
32
35
37
35
29it
300
308
29 4
308
137
85
48
itO
75
65
56
58
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
2.
1.
0.
0.
0.
1.
2.
7.
it.
3.
3.
8.
10.
2.
it.
2.
7.
it.
it.
it.
2.
it.
2.
it.
it.
9.
12.
lit.
7.
it.
It.
2
1
5
5
5
1
2
8
5
it
it
9
0
it
8
it
2
8
8
8
it
8
it
8
8
6
0
2
2
8
8
173
-------
Table 74. (continued)
Per Thousand Tons of
Lime
Acid Extracted
Material
Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample
No.
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
pH
(paste }
4.8
4.7
7.1
6.0
7.1
7.7
6.5
7.5
7.3
7.3
7.0
6.7
4.4
6.1
4.4
4.0
ROCK
3.0
3.0
3.6
ROCK
pH
(1:1)
5.0
5.1
8.0
6.4
7.6
7.8
6.9
7.6
7-3
7.6
7.1
7.0
4.4
6.5
4.5
3.4
SPRING
3.0
3.0
3.3
SPRING
ment
(tons )
3.5
2.0
0
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.0
0
2.0
4.5
COAL
4.0
4.0
2.0
COAL
K
(Ibs.)
289
293
243
187
289
369
247
302
359
359
359
353
369
238
183
106
322
327
222
Ca
(Ibs . )
40
160
2400
960
2000
3120
6000
2320
3520
6400
4080
7520
5600
1030
8000
4800
2080
2240
1600
Mg
(Ibs.)
72
204
588
528
564
792
744
564
576
816
588
696
696
876
720
564
660
672
456
P
(Ibs . )
75
72
174G
100
300G
294G
183
294G
385G
360G
385G
372G
372
72
385
308G
25
26
21
Extracted
P
(Ibs . )
4.8
7.2
2.2
6.8
2.2
2.2
6.8
2.2
2.2
2.2
6.8
6.8
13.6
13.6
15.9
18.2
9.1
6.8
6.8
174
-------
Table 75. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE GRASSY SPRING AND ROCK SPRING COAL
OVERBURDEN AT THE McCALL ENTERPRISES' MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Sample
No.
Al
B2
B31
B32
GI
C2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Value
and
Chroma Fiz
7A
7/4
6/3
6/2
7/1
7A
6A
5/6
7/3
7/1
7/1
6/1
GRASSY
Vl
GRASSY
7A
7A
6A
6/4
6/2
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/2
5A
5/4
6/6
6/6
6/4
6/4
5/6
6/6
6/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tons CaCO
Maximum
%S (from %S}
.015
.020
.025
.045
.010
.015
.020
.015
.010
.010
.020
.040
• 47
.62
.78
1.40
.31
.47
.62
.47
.31
.31
.62
1.25
2 Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
- .74
- 1.46
- .74
- 4.40
- 2.45
- .74
0
.25
- .50
- .25
- .74
.22
1.21
2.08
1.52
5.80
2.76
1.21
.62
.22
.81
,56
1.36
1.03
SPRING COAL
0
.475
14.84
- 5.64
20.48
SPRING COAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.015
.020
.015
.020
.025
.110
.080
.070
.080
.100
.050
.030
.035
.040
.040
.025
.020
.030
.010
.020
.47
.62
.vr
.62
.78
3.44
2.50
2.19
2.50
3.12
1.56
.94
1.09
1.25
1.25
• 78
.62
.94
.31
.62
- 0.97
- 0.74
- 0.50
- 0.97
- 0.50
17.15
17.15
17.15
14.95
5.89
0.99
1.24
0.25
- 0.25
- 1.46
0.25
- 0.50
- 0.50
- 0.25
0.25
1.44
1,36
.97
1.59
1.28
.57
.84
1.50
2.71
.53
1.12
1.44
.56
.37
13.71
14.65
14.96
12.45
2.77
.30
175
-------
Table 75.continued
Sample
No.
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
ho
4i
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Value
and
Chroma
5/1
5/3
6/1
6/1
6/2
6/1
6/1
6/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
4/1
5/1
4/1
ROCK
4/1
5/1
2/1
ROCK
Tons CaCO
Fiz %
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0 1.
1 2.
0 2.
0 4.
SPRING
0
0
0 2.
SPRING
S
100
030
065
055
045
065
125
160
230
250
450
075
600
875
COAL
600
575
500
COAL
Maximum
(from %S)
3.12
.94
2.03
1.72
1.41
2.03
3.91
5.0
7.19
7.81
45.31
64.84
81.25
152.34
18.75
17.97
78.12
3 Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
9.80
1.24
9.06
10.54
4.90
24.01
17.89
12.23
14.21
18.39
13.74
25-74
10.05
1.96
.99
- .25
- .74
Maximum Exc ess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
31.57
39-10
71.20
150.38
17.76
18.22
78.86
6.68
.30
7.03
8.82
3.49
21.98
13.98
7.23
7.02
10.58
176
-------
Table 76. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COAL CREEK COAL OVERBURDEN AT
AT THE OLLIS CREEK MINE, FLATWOODS SECTION, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
5A
6
7
8
9
9A
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Depth.
(feet)
- 8.0
8.0-12.0
12.0-16.0
16.0-20.0
20.0-22.0
22.0-2^.0
23.0-2^.0
2 *K 0-26.0
26.0-28.0
28.0-30.0
30 . 0-32 . 0
31.8-32.0
32.0-3^.0
3^.0-36.0
36.0-38.0
38.0-^0.0
UO. 0-U2.0
U2.0-M.O
hk.0-k6.0
1*6.0-1*8.0
U8. 0-50.0
50.0-52.0
52. 0-5l*. 0
5l*. 0-56.0
56.0-58.0
58.0-66.0
66.0-
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
MS
MS
MR
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
MR
MS
SS
SH
SH
MR
MR
MR
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
NOT SAMPLED
COAL CREEK
Color
2.5Y 6/6
7.5YR 6/6
5Y 7/3
5Y 6/1
7.5YR k/2
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/2
5Y 6/1
10YR 5/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 5/2
5Y 6/1
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 5/2
COAL
Water
Slaking
3
5
2
6
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
177
-------
Table 77. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COAL CREEK OVERBURDEN AT THE
OLLIS CREEK MINE, FLATWOODS SECTION, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Per Thousand Tons of
Lime
Acid Extracted
Material
Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
5A
6
7
8
9
9A
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
PH
(paste )
4.6
4.4
4.4
3.8
4.8
7.1
7.8
7.3
7.4
7.2
7.0
7.3
3.9
7.0
7.0
7.6
7.7
7.2
7.3
7.1
6.4
5.7
6.5
6.3
PH
(.1:1)
4.6
4.5
4.5
3.8
4.7
7-1
7.5
7.1
7.2
7.1
7.3
4.0
6.9
7.1
7.1
7.6
7.6
7.2
7.2
7.3
6.4
5.6
6.4
6.4
ment
(tons)
2.0
3.0
2.5
1.5
3.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
K
Clbs.)
150
120
150
226
206
266
243
261
261
298
142
198
191
252
266
247
261
280
280
261
275
247
243
266
Ca
Clbs . )
80
80
160
480
4320
2240
2240
1840
2800
2120
1240
1520
64o
2000
2080
2440
2320
2320
2480
2240
2400
2320
2640
2400
Mg
Clbs . )
156
48
390
696
1344
852
936
828
948
768
312
624
504
840
948
816
852
1008
1092
888
972
876
1068
888
P
Clbs . )
80
31
31
75
137
372
308
342
372
385
360
372
174
294G
294G
294G
294G
300
360
342
300
360
167
294
Extracted
P
Clbs.)
9.2
2.4
11.8
7.2
2.4
2.4
4.8
2.4
4.8
4.8
7.2
4.8
26.0
7.2
2.4
4.8
2.4
2.4
4.8
4.8
26.0
21.2
23.6
4.8
COAL CREEK COAL
178
-------
Table 78. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE COAL CREEK OVERBURDEN AT THE OLLIS
CREEK MINE, FLATWOODS SECTION, NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
5A
6
7
8
9
9A
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Value
and
Chroma
6/6
6/6
7/3
6/1
l*/2
5/1
5/2
6/1
5/1
6/1
6/1
5/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
5/2
5/2
6/1
6/2
5/2
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
%s
.005
.005
.005
.060
.1*90
.050
.020
.020
.060
.01*0
.050
.070
.090
.080
.870
.070
.070
.070
.080
.080
.210
.290
.180
.210
Tons CaCOo
Maximum "
(from #S)
.16
.16
.16
1.87
15.31
1.56
.62
.62
1.87
1.25
1.56
2.19
2.81
2.50
2.19
2.19
2.19
2.19
2.50
2.50
6.56
9.06
5.62
6.56
Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
- 2.20
- 1.72
- .25
.1*9
18.52
Ik. 63
17.32
6.31*
19.77
7.08
2.9k
7.08
.25
26.71
15.36
20.97
15.12
13.13
17.30
11.96
10.21*
13.16
26. 3k
29.50
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
2.36
1.88
.1*1
1.38
3.21
13.07
16.70
5.72
17.90
5.83
1.38
U.89
2.56
19.21
13.17
18.78
12.93
10.91*
ll*.80
9.1*6
3.68
1*.10
20.72
22.91*
COAL CREEK COAL
179
-------
Table 79. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF A MINESOIL RESULTING FROM STRIP
MINING THE COAL CREEK COAL AT THE OLLIS CREEK MINE, FLAT¥OODS SECTION,
NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Sample
No.
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
3-1
3-2
4-1
l*-2
5-1
5-2
6-1
6-2
7-1
7-2
8-1
8-2
9-1
9-2
10-1
10-2
11-1
11-2
12-1
12-2
Depth
Cf eet )
-0.25
0.25-0.50
-0.25
0.25-0.50
-0.25
0.25-0.50
-0.25
0.25-0.50
-0.25
0.25-0.50
-0.25
0.25-0.50
-0.25
0.25-0.50
-0.25
0.25-0.50
-0.25
0.25-0.50
-0.25
0.25-0.50
-0.25
0.25-0.50
0-.25
0.25-0.50
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Color
10 YR 6/k
2.5Y 7 A
5Y 5/2
5Y 5/1
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 6/2
5Y 5/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7 A
5Y 5/1
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 5/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
Water
Slaking
9
9
8
8
8
6
2
3
5
5
It
6
5
6
3
7
7
6
3
8
1
2
h
1
180
-------
Table 80. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OP A MINESOIL RESULTING FROM STRIP
MINING THE COAL CREEK COAL AT THE OLLIS CREEK MINE, FLATWOODS SECTION,
NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Per Thousand
Lime
Sample
No.
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
3-1
3-2
4-1
4-2
5-1
5-2
6-1
6-2
7-1
7-2
8-1
8-2
9-1
9-2
10-1
10-2
11-1
11-2
12-1
12-2
pH
(paste)
4.
4.
3.
3.
3.
5.
3.
4.
3.
2.
3.
2.
7.
6.
3.
4.
4.
4.
3.
2.
3.
5.
3.
5-
3
5
2
1
8
8
5
It
0
8
0
9
0
9
l*
1*
0
3
1
8
1*
7
7
7
pH
(1:1)
4.3
4.3
3.1
3.1
3.9
5.5
3.7
4.4
2.9
2.8
3.1
2.9
6.9
7.0
3.6
4.2
4.0
4.1
3.1
2.9
3.6
5-7
5.9
3.7
Require-
ment K
(tons)
3.
2.
5.
k.
1.
1.
3.
1.
4.
4.
5.
5.
2.
2.
6.
5.
3.
8.
7.
0.
0.
0.
0
5
0
5
5
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
0
5
5
5
5
libs.;
160
136
122
n4
183
191
160
195
114
89
103
98
284
202
164
187
153
164
44
60
183
202
175
164
Tons of
Material
Acid Extracted
Ca
) Clbs.;
480
160
1200
2320
1680
1760
320
1120
10 40
3160
680
480
2240
2280
720
2320
240
240
360
880
960
2240
2560
1040
Mg
) (Its.)
384
192
828
996
912
1248
264
612
360
468
432
528
936
1200
528
1320
216
222
162
444
708
1872
i486
672
P
(Its . )
72
52
72
67
153
128
48
111
50
56
58
42
342
246
67
80
38
42
69
67
100
142
153
80
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs . )
13.
8.
48.
55.
37.
17.
28.
28.
35.
33.
48.
28.
6.
6.
28.
17.
6.
4.
256.
75.
35.
13.
30.
8.
2
9
6
2
7
6
8
8
3
0
6
8
7
7
8
6
7
5
8
3
3
2
8
9
181
-------
Table 8l. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF A MINESOIL RESULTING FROM STRIP MINING THE
COAL CREEK COAL AT THE OLLIS CREEK MINE, FLATTOODS SECTION,
NEIGHBORHOOD FIVE.
Sample
No.
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
3-1
3-2
1*-1
l*-2
5-1
5-2
6-1
6-2
7-1
7-2
8-1
8-2
9-1
9-2
10-1
10-2
11-1
11-2
12-1
12-2
Value
and
Chroma
6A
7A
5/2
5/1
5/2
6/2
6/2
6/2
5/2
5/2
5/2
6/2
5/2
6/2
5/2
6/2
7A
7A
5/1
5/2
5/2
6/2
6/2
6/2
Tons CaCO^ Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
%s
.025
.005
.390
.585
.220
.080
.120
.060
.690
.910
.1*60
.225
.110
.085
.315
.135
.01*0
.020
1.160
.900
.210
.125
.11*0
.110
Maximum
(from jfe)
.78
.16
12.19
18.28
6.87
2.50
3.75
1.87
21.56
28.1*1*
ll*.37
7.03
3.1*1*
2.66
9.81*
1*.22
1.25
.62
36.25
28.12
6.56
3.91
1*.37
3.1*1*
Amount Maximum. Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
0
- .78
- 1*.86
- It. 86
- 1.96
- 2.1*2
- 2.1*2
2.1*5
- 1.22
- -25
- 3.90
- 5.61
30.23
30.23
- .98
- 1.23
- 1*.39
- 1.72
- 6.10
- 6.1*9
- 1.91*
1.71
- 2.1*2
3.16
.78
.89
17.05
23.11+
8.83
1*.92
6.17
22.78
28.69
18.27
12.61*
10.82
5.U5
5.61*
2.31*
1*2.35
31*. 61
8.50
2.20
6.79
.28
.58
26.79
27.57
182
-------
SECTION VIII
INTERIOR COAL PROVINCE; EASTERN REGION
SUMMARY
In this Basin our studies have concentrated on the big extensively-
mined Illinois J?6 (Kentucky .#11, Indiana J?6), and on the Davis and
overlying DeKoven, the oldest major coals in the basin. The choice
of Davis and DeKoven was dictated by the reputation of the overburden
for acidity; the choice of 3 sampling Neighborhoods (Table 82) of the
big coal producing #6, located 106.7 to 121.9 m (350 to 400 ft) higher
in the geologic column, offered an opportunity for checking vari-
ability of the overburden, including glacial till and loess deposited
on dissected pe-glacial landscapes.
At River Queen (Neighborhood 7, Figure 6), no glaciation but some
windblown silt occurs. At Lynnville (Neighborhood 6), approaching
the glacial boundary, a thin silt cap occurs, variable in thickness
from less than 30.5 cm (1 ft) to as much as 1.5 m (5 ft). At
Burning Star (Neighborhood 9), considering both the Walker and the
DuQuoin pits, the thickness of loess and till combined ranges
from 3.0 to 7.6 m (10 to 25 ft). Similar thicknesses, including
outwash occur at Will Scarlet (Neighborhood 8), where Davis and
DeKoven coals are mined, and loess is as much as 4.6 m (15 ft) thick,
with no till at Eagle (Davis and DeKoven) (Neighborhood 8). None of
this loess or till is acid-toxic. However, original subsoils were
slowly pervious and clayey or contained fragipans, which are not
desirable for near surface placement. New minesoils would benefit
if they included some calcareous mudrocks and weak sandstones, to
provide basic reactions and available potash, and to reduce surface
erosion. Acid-toxic materials can be buried or blended with neutra-
lizers. At River Queen several samples containing gypsum were noted
in Tables 94 to 102 and maximum acid from sulphur was corrected
accordingly since sulphur in gypsum is neutralized by calcium.
Outside the glacial border, original soils are most favorable at Eagle.
Fragipan subsoils are undesirable at Lynnville and River Queen.
183
-------
r ""f-XT tAqr-jA olTii.*
I. --/
-' -?f -—,4J M
'
Figure 6. Neighborhoods in the Eastern Region, Interior Coal
Province.
184
-------
Comparing with Appalachian conditions (West Virginia University 1971)
we would suggest that the Davis and DeKoven section in southern
Illinois could be considered similar depositionally to Surface Mining
Province #2 (Allegheny formation); and the zone including the big #6
coal would be similar to the central part of Surface Mining Province #3.
Of course, the surficial covers of loess and glacial till introduce an
important parameter not present in Central Appalachia.
NEIGHBORHOOD 6: LYNNVILLE MINE, WARRICK COUNTY, INDIANA.
The Indiana #6 (or Millersburg) coal is being mined at Lynnville. This
is a split seam with, a mudstone or interstratified mudstone and sand-
stone parting, thickening to the Northwest, to as much as 7.0 m (23 ft)
where sampled west of the center of Pit 1150, //I. The #6 coal here and
in Southern Illinois is the same as the Kentucky .#11 being mined at
River Queen in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky.
Acid-base accounting, Tables 86, 89, and 92, shows that most of the
overburden is safe from acid toxicity, but toxic and potentially toxic
shale, mudstone and sandstone layers do occur as indicated in the
column, "Max. Needed". Since some of these horizons show high toxic
potentials whereas excess neutralization potentials in safe mudstones
and sandstones are not so high, safest disposal of these toxic materials
would be deep burial.
Undisturbed soils before mining were acid, light colored, and relatively
infertile (Tables 83-92) and where bedrock was deeper than 0.9m (3 ft)
the subsoils included fragipans, which would not be recommended for
near-surface placement.
The most fertile and base-rich, materials for creating new soils occur
in the middle or lower parts of the columns. These mudstones and
sandstones also show a tendency to slake in water (slaking values
higher than 1) which should assure a favorable percentage of fines in
the minesoils. Tough limestone rocks that would cause undesirable,
large coarse fragments, are absent except between the coals where the
parting is thin. Sandstones are relatively fine-grained and weak and
should provide a favorable texture for minesoils.
The depth of oxidation weathering is clearly indicated by colors in
all three columns studied at Lynnville. In Pit #5900 the Munsell
color chroma of the powdered rock (Table 90) changed abruptly from a
color chroma of 4(brown) at 5.0 m (16.5 ft) from the surface to a
chroma of 1 or 0 (gray) at all deeper depths. Coincident with
the drop in chroma, the percent sulfur jumped from .005 % (trace
only) to .065%, or 13 times as much. The higher percentage remains
relatively insignificant in this case, but the distinct change in
chroma and percent sulfur at the same depth is a clear indication of
weathering change.
185
-------
The sharp weathering front indicated at 6.7 m (22 ft) in Column
#1 from Pit #1150 (Table 86) is equally impressive, as in the change
in chroma and sulphur at 11.0 m (36 ft) in column #2 (Table 89).
Moreover, neutralizers (amount of calcium carbonate equivalent) increase
at the same point, whereas the carbonate increase is one sample deeper
in Pit #5900.
Three minesoil profiles that were excavated, described and sampled
showed a predominant influence from mudstones, resulting in clayey
textures. The pR was variable but averaged nearly 5.5. Coarse fragment
percentages were lower than for many minesoils, evidently reflecting
the general physical weakness of the rocks. They tend to shatter,
slake in water, or to be cut by machinery, resulting in more than 50%
fines in most horizons (Sencindiver, 1975).
NEIGHBORHOOD 7: RIVER QUEEN MINE, MULLENBERG COUNTY, KENTUCKY.
The coals being mined are, from the bottom up, Kentucky //ll and #12
with 1.5 to 1.8 m (5 to 6 ft) of limestone parting between. The
general elevation of the top of the Kentucky #11 coal in this
Neighborhood is 120.7 m (396 ft), with gentle regional dip north-
eastward. Correlating among contiguous States, Kentucky ?/ll and J?12
apparently correspond with #6 (lower) and #6 (upper) of Indiana and
Illinois, respectively.
The thin coal at 15.8 m (52 ft) in Table 94-96 should be the
Kentucky #13, mined elswhere but not in this Neighborhood.
The prominent limestone between Kentucky #11 and .#12 is recognized
as a potential neutralizing resource if segregated and crushed for
blending with potentially acid minesoils.
In order to utilize crushed limestone.or other carbonate—rich materials
for prevention of acidity it is important to develop acid—base
accounting information as illustrated in Tables 96, 99 and 102.
Natural soils in the Neighborhood include light-colored, strongly-acid,
leached, shallow to moderately deep soils over sandstone or mixed
colluvium. Subsoil fragipans occur below the 61 cm (2 ft) depth
where soil material is deep enough over bedrock (Table 93).
Tables 94 through 102 indicate that some selectivity of materials
is needed in order to assure consistently favorable minesoils.
Greatest concentrations of potential acidity occur near the coals
(including the thin #13). Closely associated zones, however, are
rich in neutralizers and could be blended to create soils according
to plan. The mudrocks and intercalate sandstones involved tend to
186
-------
disintegrate, providing soil fines and reactive particles. A farm
disc is effective in cutting and mixing such materials. Where
additional neutralizing capacity is needed, as mentioned, the rich
limestone between the coals could be crushed and utilized.
Available plant nutrients are highly variable in the columns studied.
A broad blend of materials calculated to provide a near neutral re-
action (pH 5.5 to 8) and sufficient soil fines near the surface, would
be expected to respond to fertilization with phosphorus and potash,
as well as nitrogen to hasten initial ground cover until legume stands
are established. If minesoils contain a. high percentage of disinte-
grated sandstone, fertilization with potassium as well as phosphorus
is likely to be critical. This same material might be extremely
low in available magnesium (less than 100 Ib per 1000 t) unless
blended with more fertile mudrocks and intercalates.
NEIGHBORHOOD 8: WILL SCARLET AND EAGLE MINES, SALINE AND GALLATIN
COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.
At Will Scarlet (Carrier Mills) and Eagle (Shawneetown mines), 32.2
km (20 mi) apart in Saline and Gallatin Counties, Illinois, the coals
are Davis and DeKoven, overlain by Illinois #4, which is lower in the
geologic column than Illinois and Indiana #5. The next higher coal,
which is an extensive producer, is Illinois #6 being surface mined
at Lynnville, Indiana as #6, and at River Queen as Kentucky #11. In
Southern Illinois, the #6 is said to be 106.7 to 121.9 m (350 to 400 ft)
above the Davis. Only minor coals occur below the Davis (Smith 1957),
which is cut out in places by the Mississippian shelf of the Eastern
Interior Basin.
The Interval between the Davis and DeKoven is said to range from
0.6 to 7.6 m (2 to 25 ft). At Will Scarlet (Tables 104-106),
where the high wall was hand sampled, the distance was 2.1 m (7 ft)
whereas at Eagle (Tables 108-110) it was 6.7 m (22 ft). Toxic or
potentially toxic materials were associated with the coals at both
mines, but only in the lower and the upper portions of the rock strata
between coals at Eagle whereas the entire 2.1 m (7 ft) interval was
toxic at Will Scarlet as well as 3.3 m (11 ft) of the light-colored
(low chroma) sandstone above the DeKoven coal.
Natural undisturbed soils at both of these mines are developed in loess
or unconsolidated silt. The soil profiles are acid and showed clay
accumulation in the subsoil. Where sampled at Eagle, the soil was well
drained whereas at Will Scarlet the soil was somewhat poorly drained
because of a slowly pervious silty clay subsoil. This subsoil material
would be less desirable for placement near the surface of new minesoils
than the well-drained (not mottled) and more silty surface soil and
187
-------
parent material. Soil profile sample analyses are presented in Tables
103 and 107.
Potentially acid-toxic material occurs deeper than 17.7 m (58 ft)
from the original surface at Will Scarlet (Table 104 and 106) and
deeper than 21.3 m (70 ft) at Eagle (Table 108-110). This means the
top of the DeKoven coal at Eagle, and the upper part of the light-
colored (low chroma), thick-bedded sandstone at Will Scarlet. Above
this thick-bedded sandstone the fragmented bedrock sandstone or
mudstone would make favorable soil material (Tables 104 and 105). It
would need fertilization with phosphorus and nitrogen. Blending with
loess or relatively stone-free till would improve available phosphorus
levels. The original subsoil (B horizon), of the somewhat poorly-drained
natural soil would be undesirable if concentrated near the surface,
because of high clay content and low permeability. The surface (A horizon)
is moderately desirable, although acid and unfavorably affected in the
lower part by impeded drainage. It would be difficult to segregate
and use separately from the heavy subsoil.
At Will Scarlet, loess, till and outwash are relatively high in
available phosphorus (bicarbonate extractable) but low in available
potash (Tables 104 and 105). At Eagle, available phosphorus in loess
is medium but potash is low (Table 108 and 109). Fertilization with
potash as well as with phosphorus and nitrogen should aid establish-
ment of needed grass and legume ground cover, prevention of erosion,
and favorable forage.
Undisturbed soils observed, described and sampled at Eagle (Table 107)
are well-drained, slightly acid and moderately pervious. The surface
(A horizon) is not dark and deep enough to qualify as a true tall-grass
prairie soil (Mollisol). Even so, the top few feet of original soil
and underlying loess have enough desirable properties to encourage
stockpiling for placement on or blending into the plant root zone of
the new minesoil. A blend including alkaline, soft mudrocks from
the middle part of the overburden would increase lime and potash levels
in resulting minesoils and would favor subsoil perviousness and erosion
control.
Man-made minesoils were excavated, described and sampled at Will Scarlet
(2 profiles) and Eagle. These 3 minesoils were similar. They con-
tained approximately 5% small coarse fragments. Profiles consisted
primarily of loess and till. Since loess was 2.4 to 3.6 m (8 to
12 ft) thick at both mines, there was enough of this stone-free silt
to account for properties of the minesoils. The glacial till and
outwash at Will Scarlet amounted to as much as 6.1 m (20 ft) of
depth, part of which was evident in the top few feet of minesoils. No
188
-------
concentrations were noted of mottled, undesirable silty clay subsoils
from original poorly drained soils CSencindiver 1975}.
NEIGHBORHOOD 9: BURNING STAR //2 MINE, PERRY COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
The coal being mined at the Walker and DuQuoin pits of Burning Star
#2 mine is #6 or Herrin Coal (Smith 1958). A thin layer of James-
town Coal appears above the .#6 in some places, but it is generally too
thin to be strip mined economically. The #6 Coal ranges from 1.5 to
2.1 m (5.0 to 6.9 ft) in thickness and 112.5 to 122.8 m (369 to 403 ft)
in elevation. In Illinois the #6 Coal seemingly corresponds to the
#11 Coal in Kentucky and the #6 in Indiana.
The Herrin (.#6) Coal and the Jamestown Coal are both located in the
Carbondale Group of the Pennsylvania System. The #6 Coal is one of
the most important coal seams in Perry County and surroundings
(Smith 1958).
The #6 Coal is generally uniform in thickness in wide areas. Tables
112, 115, and 118 show that the overburden immediately above the $6
coal consists of dark-gray shales and carboliths. The acid-base
accounts for the overburden at the Walker and DuQuoin Pits also reveal
an abundance of limestone and calcareous mudstone. This is a common
occurrence for the Herrin overburden. The tables also show some potent-
ially toxic strata which are generally the dark-gray shale and carbolith
areas immediately above the Herrin coal. The column (Table 112-114) for
the Walker Pit shows other zones within the section that could be
potentially toxic. However, all three sections have ample limestone or
other high carbonate materials that can be mixed with the potentially
toxic strata to produce non-acid or near neutral minesoils.
Natural soils around the Walker and DuQuoin pits are dominantly deep,
imperfectly drained soils formed in loess and glacial till deposits.
The surface textures are dominantly silty, and the subsoil is clayey
in most cases with a few silty and loamy horizons. The soils are
strongly acid, low in inherent fertility, and slowly permeable due to
the heavy textured subsoil and the occurrence of fragipans in some
soils (Table 111).
The columns studied in this neighborhood show that the loess and till
have a higher extractable phosphorus level than the sedimentary bedrock.
However, the loess and till do not necessarily have higher excess
calcium carbonate equivalent or higher extractable K, Ca, and Mg (Tables
112-120). Therefore, a mixing or blending of materials would result in a
near neutral minesoil with moderate to high amounts of these nutrients.
Early vegetative cover should respond well to moderate amounts of
phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization and maybe potassium in certain
instances, as indicated by soiltests.
189
-------
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a -H
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4-J
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o
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-rl
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4-> M
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ed «
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4J CJ
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a TH
rH
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191
-------
T3
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3
5
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3 4J W
4J iH
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rJ Hj 3
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CD
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Q*
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rH CJ
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CO <4H
fi O
00-H H
(3 O di
•H 3 ^
G O-rH
M 3 -H
3 (5 0
W —^ CO
192
-------
Table 83. PROPERTIES OF THE UNDISTURBED NATURAL SOIL AT THE
LYNNVILLE MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD SIX
Soil
Hori-
zons
Ap
B2lt
B22t
BX
0
0
1
2
Depth
(feet)
.0-0.5
.5-1-5
.5-2.1
.1-3.8
Color
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
6/1*
6/6
6/6
6/6
pHf
(paste)
U.l*
1*.6
i*.6
l*.6
Per
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.0
Thousand Tons of Material
Bicarbonate
Acid
K
(Ibs)
187
128
100
78
Extracted
Ca
(Ibs)
101*0
1120
880
6i*o
Mg
(Ibs)
1*92
972
861+
756
Extracted
(1
7
17
23
23
P
bs)
.2
.6
.6
.6
193
-------
Table 81*. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER SIX COAL OVERBURDEN
AT FEABODY COAL COMPANY'S LYNNVILLE MINE (PIT 1150 #l), NEIGHBORHOOD SIX
Sample
No.
Ap
B2t
Bx
Cl
C2
1
2
3
U
5A
5B
6
T
8
9
10
11
12
13
1H
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
26
27
28
Depth
(feet)
0.0-0.5
0.5-2.0
2.0-U.O
U. 0-5.0
5.0-6.0
6.0-8.0
8.0-11.0
11.0-15.0
15.0-17.0
17.0-22.0
19.5-21.5
21.5-23.5
23.5-25.5
25.5-30.5
30.5-32.5
32.5-35.5
35.5-38.5
38.5-^0.1
1*0. l-Ul.8
Ul. 8-U6.0
1*6.0-1*7.5
1*7.5-1*9.0
1*9.0-52.0
52.0-59.0
59-0-60.1
60.1-61.2
61.2-62.3
62.3-63.it
63.U-6U.5
61*. 5-65. 6
65.6-66.7
66.7-67.8
67.8-68.9
68.9-7^.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
#6 COAL
SS
MS
SH
SH
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SH
SH
SH
SH
#6 COAL
Color
10YR 6/6
10YR 6/6
10YR 7 A
7-5YR 5/6
2.5Y 7 A
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/3
2.5Y 7 A
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
5* 6/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 8/1
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 7/0
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
Water
Slaking
10
9
10
10
8
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
6
5
2
3
1
0
3
5
0
10
2
0
5
U
3
0
0
3
U
194
-------
Table 85. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER SIX COAL OVERBURDEN
AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S LYNNVILLE MINE (PIT 1150 #l), NEIGHBORHOOD SIX
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
Ap
B2t
Bx
Cl
C2
1
2
3
U
5A
5B
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
26
27
28
PH
(paste )
U.5
U.6
5.3
6.8
7.U
7-5
7.6
7.5
7.7
7.6
8.3
8.2
8.U
8.0
8.U
8.3
8.5
8.5
7.6
#6 COAL
5.7
5.6
9.2
U.8
9.U
9.1
9.2
9.U
9.2
8.7
8.8
3.9
3.6
#6 COAL
PH
(1:1)
U.5
U.6
5.2
6.3
7-2
7.3
7.U
7.5
7.8
7.6
8.3
8.1
8.5
8.0
8.2
8.U
8.6
8.7
7.6
5-7
5.7
9.0
5.0
9.1
8.9
9.3
9.U
9.2
8.5
8.6
3.7
3.6
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
U.5
2.5
0-5
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0.5
0
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
U.5
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs.)
Ill
125
8U
106
109
lU2
171
179
195
195
36U
385
312
36U
353
U37
36U
U32
327
198
2U3
120
270
256
175
266
23U
23U
120
1U5
150
139
Ca
(ibs.)
Uoo
6Uo
1120
2UOO
3280
3360
3600
3360
U560
3680
3520
3120
3520
3600
2960
3UUO
3280
2560
6560
Uoo
6UO
7280
880
1120
1280
7200
1520
960
70UO
3200
1120
880
Mg
(Ibs.)
80U
1188
lUUo
2UOO
2352
170U
158U
1U16
2208
1320
1116
1020
1128
llUO
852
900
92U
68U
1188
168
252
228
26U
216
216
312
120
lUU
26U
228
U80
UUU
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(ibs.) (ibs.)
58
5U
56
9U
192
308
3U2
308
3U2
372
308 G
300 G
17UG
3U2G
3U2G
360 G
200 G
300 G
115 G
3U
U2
U8
65
2U6
128
ITU
308
238
32
ITU
lU7
23
1.2
2.U
2.U
U.8
7.2
25.8
37.6
2.U
0.5
0.5
U.8
2.U
2.U
2.U
2.U
2.U
2.U
U.8
7.2
0.5
2.U
2.U
0.5
0.5
0 .5
0 .5
0 .5
0.5
0 .5
0 .5
2.U
2.U
195
-------
Table 86. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER SIX COAL OVERBURDEN AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S LYNNVILLE MINE (1150 #l), NEIGHBORHOOD SIX
Sample
No.
Ap
BX
Cl
C2
1
2
3
1*
5A
5B
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2l*
25
26
27
28
Value
and
Chroma Fiz
6/6
6/6
7A
5/6
7/4
7/3
7/3
7/4
7/3
7/3
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/0
6/1
#6
8/0
8/0
8/0
7/0
7/1
8/1
8/0
7/1
8/0
8/0
7/0
5/1
5/1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
COAL
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
Tons CaC03 Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
ft
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.01*5
.060
.050
.020
.255
.100
.060
.060
.975
.200
.315
.035
1.310
.020
.080
.050
.020
.005
.065
.250
.600
.500
Maximum
(from %S)
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
1.1*1
1.88
1.56
.63
7.97
3.13
1.88
1.88
30.1*7
6.25
9.81*
1.09
1*0.94
.63
2.50
1.66
.63
.16
2.03
7.81
18.75
15.63
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
_ .23
1.10
4.77
8.77
6.52
8.77
6.27
9.02
9-27
6.27
18.81
9.66
16.09
18.32
21.78
21.29
29-70
11.14
29.20
- .24
3.72
30.44
12.62
20.05
23.02
20.05
11.39
5.20
20.79
12.62
9.16
1.74
.39
• 94
4.61
8.6l
6.36
8.6l
6.11
8.86
9.11
6.11
17.40
7.78
14.53
17.69
13.81
18.16
27.82
9.26
1.27
6.49
6.12
29.35
28.35
19.42
20.52
18.39
10.76
5.04
18.76
4.81
9-59
13.89
#6 COAL
196
-------
Table 87. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER SIX COAL OVERBURDEN
AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S LYNNVILLE MINE (PIT 1150 #2), NEIGHBORHOOD SIX
Sample
No.
Bl
B21
B22t
BS
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Depth
(feet)
0.0-0.6
0.6-2.5
2.5-4.5
It. 5-6.0
6.0-7-5
7.5-9.0
9-0-10.5
10.5-12.0
12.0-13.5
13-5-15.0
15.0-16.5
16.5-18.0
18.0-19.5
19.5-25.0
25.0-30.5
30.5-36.0
36.0-1*1.5
4l. 5-47.0
47.0-52.5
52.5-55.5
55.5-58.5
58.5-61.5
61.5-64.5
64. 5-67.0
67.0-69.5
69.5-75.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS-I
SS-I
SS-I
MS
MS
MS
MS
#6 COAL
LS
#6 COAL
Color
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 8/4
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/6
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
10YR 6/6
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 4/1
10YR 8/1
Water
Slaking
10
10
10
6
3
1
0
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
0
0
0
3
0
197
-------
Table 88. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER SIX COAL OVERBURDEN
AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S LYNNVILLE MINE (PIT 1150 #2), NEIGHBORHOOD SIX
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
Bl
B21
B22
BS
C
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
PH
(paste)
lt.7
6.2
5.8
6.5
6.8
6.9
7.2
7.1*
7.5
7-7
8.0
8.5
7.7
7.3
7.6
7.1*
7.8
8.0
8.0
8.1*
8.U
8.3
2.8
#6 COAL
7-7
#6 COAL
PH
(1:1)
U.8
6.3
5.8
6.3
6.8
7.0
7.0
7.2
7.5
7.6
7.9
8.5
7.3
7.2
7.6
7.5
7.6
8.0
7.9
8.1*
8.U
8.3
2.8
7.8
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
!*.5
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(its.)
100
69
89
92
87
81*
98
136
75
78
62
67
78
95
98
92
222
2U3
175
UlO
1*05
1*05
95
117
Ca
(Ibs.)
800
1280
2320
2800
2720
21*80
21*80
2960
221*0
2320
1600
1600
1680
1280
1200
11*1*0
2000
22l*0
2320
3360
2960
2960
2320
12000
Mg
(ibs.)
92U
936
1752
2088
1800
1092
1020
1008
756
876
561*
912
1581*
612
660
588
720
7!*!*
576
972
861*
888
1056
132
B
P
(llDS.)
65
72
111
132
9U
29!*
308
360
29^
291*
308
256
82
3U2
308
360
300G
300G
320G
360G
3U2G
385 G
238
19
icartonate
Extracted
P
(l"bs.)
25.8
7-2
2.1*
2.1*
2.1*
7.2
7.2
1*.8
7-2
9-6
1*.8
7.2
23.6
It. 5
1*. 5
4. 5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
^. 5
2.2
198
-------
Table 89. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER SIX COAL OVERBURDEN AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S, LYNNVILLE MINE (PIT 1150 #2), NEIGHBORHOOD SIX
Sample
No.
Bl
B2i
B22t
C
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Value
and
Chroma Fiz %S
7A
8A
7A
7/6
7A
7A
7A
7/2
7A
7A
7/2
7/2
6/6
7/3
7/3
7/3
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/0
7/0
7/1
h/l
#6
8/1
#6
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
COAL
h
COAL
.005
.005
.005
.025
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.020
.005
.005
.005
.070
.070
.055
.055
.OhO
.125
3.100
.175
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Maximum
(from %S
.16
.16
.16
.78
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.63
.16
.16
.16
2.19
2.19
1.72
1.72
1.25
3.91
96.88
5A7
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
2A8
3.22
7A3
6.19
8A2
6.69
7A3
7.92
5.UU
5.9U
U.71
5-70
7-92
^•95
3.72
5.9^
8.91
11.39
13.12
12.62
9.66
8.91
- 3.21 100.09
50U.79
2.32
3.06
7.27
5.Ul
8.26
6.53
7.27
7.76
5.28
5.78
U.55
5-5U
7.29
U.79
3.56
5-78
15.92
9.20
11 Ao
10.90
8Al
5-00
U99.32
199
-------
Table 90. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE #6 COAL OVERBURDEN AT PEABODY
COAL COMPANY'S LYNNVILLE MINE
(PIT 5900), NEIGHBORHOOD SIX
Sample
No.
Ap
B
Bx
C
1
2
3
1+
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21+
25
26
27
Depth
(feet)
0.0- 0.5
0.5- 2.5
2.5- U.O
i+.o- 6.0
6.0- 9.0
9.0-12.5
12.5-11*. 5
lU.5-16.5
16.5-19.0
19.0-21.5
21.5-2U.O
21+.0-27.5
27-5-30.0
30.0-32.5
32.5-35.0
35.0-37-5
37-5-^0.0
40.0-1*2.5
1*2.5-1*5.0
1*5.0-1*7.5
1+7-5-50.0
50.0-52.5
52.5-55-0
55.0-57.5
57.5-60.5
60.5-61.0
61.0-63.5
63. 5-61*. 0
61*. 0-65. 5
65.5-66.5
66.5-71.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
#6 COAL
SH
SS
Coal
LS-I
SH
#6 COAL
Color
10YR 6/1*
10YR 6/6
2.5Y 7/1*
10YR 5/6
10YR 7/6
10YR 7/6
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/U
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
2.5Y 7/1
2.5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5YR 2/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
Water
Slaking
3
9
9
6
6
5
3
2
2
3
1
2
U
2
2
2
1
1
0
1*
3
2
2
3
0
0
1
200
-------
Table 91. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE # SIX COAL OVERBURDEN AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S LYNNVILLE MINE
(PIT 5900), NEIGHBORHOOD SIX
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
Ap
B
Bx
C
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
26
27
pH pH
(paste) (1:1)
5.5
5-0
5.U
6.3
6. It
6.7
7.0
5.3
It. 8
5.5
6.1
6. It
6.6
6.9
7.1 7.1
7. ^
7-9
7.8
7-9
8.0
8.2
7.9
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.6
7.6
7-5
7.9
#6
2.7
7.5
5.9
7.3
2.8
#6
7.3
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
7.9
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.9
7.8
7-7
7.5
8.0
COAL
2.7
7.1*
7-5
2.9
COAL
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.0
0
0
6.0
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.
238
106
67
73
60
98
11*5
13U
231*
284
302
317
359
302
322
338
380
302
302
332
390
3TU
390
380
131*
92
13l*
106
Ca
)(lbs.)
1760
880
800
1200
1200
1920
30lK)
2800
2800
3200
3120
5200
3680
2960
3120
3120
3600
32-0
2960
3040
3520
3680
3360
31*1*0
6160
12160
12800
1120
Mg
(Ibs.)
2ltO
1*80
960
1092
1008
1632
1320
158U
9U8
1032
960
1752
131*1*
1200
1008
98U
1188
10l*l*
1032
1008
1200
1200
1161*
1200
1056
180
288
5^0
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.) (Ibs.)
3»*
U8
67
119
103
103
3l*2
2U6G
360 G
200 G
256 G
320 G
2U6G
ll*7G
308G
320 G
308 G
192 G
183 G
308 G
372 G
360 G
31*2 G
308 G
31*2 G
7
7
13
11.1*
6.8
9.1
6.8
6.8
U.5
6.8
U.I*
2.2
2.2
2.2
0.5
2.0
0.5
2.2
2.2
1.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.1
300.0
0.5
2.2
6.8
2.2
201
-------
Table 92. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE #6 COAL OVERBURDEN AT PEABODY COAL
COMPANY'S LYNNVILLE MINE
(PIT 5900), NEIGHBORHOOD SIX
Sample
No.
Ap
B
Bx
C
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
Value
and
Chroma
6A
6/6
7A
5/6
7/6
7/6
7/2
7A
7/1
7/0
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/0
7/1
7/0
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
#6
6/1
7/1
2/1
7/1
6/1
#6
Fiz
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
COAL
0
3
0
h
1
COAL
%S
.020
.020
.005
.005
.005
.020
.020
.005
.065
.065
.060
.060
.060
.035
.050
.055
.055
.0^0
.OU5
.060
.100
.150
.100
.115
2.200
3.185
3.275
1.^5
Tons CaCOo
Maximum
(from J&S)
.63
.63
.16
.16
.16
.63
.63
.16
2.03
2.03
1.88
1.88
1.88
1.09
1.56
1.72
1.72
1.25
l.Ul
1.88
3.13
U.69
3.13
3.59
68.75
99-53
102. 3U
U5.31
Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Amount Maximum
Present Needed (pH 7)
1.27
- .U8 1.11
1.27
3.27
- 1.98 2.1U
5.02
6.52
6.52
5.02
1U.26
10.02
13.26
12.01
18.26
5.52
8.27
8.77
9.02
7-52
lU.Ol
7-52
8.27
8.77
16.76
3.27 65. U8
71.82 27-71
3.27
733.85
- .98 U6.29
Excess
CaC03
.6U
1.11
3.11
It. 39
5.89
6.36
3.01
12.23
8.1U
11.38
10.13
17-17
3.96
6.55
7.05
7.77
6.11
12.13
it. 39
3.58
5.6U
13.17
631.51
202
-------
Table 93. PROPERTIES OF TWO UNDISTURBED NATURAL SOIL PROFILES AT THE
RIVER QUEEN MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD SEVEN
Soil
Hori-
zons
AT
B2i
B22
Bx
C
A
B
BX
C
Depth
(feet)
0.
0.
1.
2.
3.
0.
0.
1.
2.
0-0.5
5-1.7
7-2.0
0-3.6
6-1*. 3
0-0.3
3-1.5
5-2.2
2-1*. 2
PH
Color (paste)
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
6/3
6/6
6/8
6/6
7A
5A
6/6
6/6
6/6
6.7
6.7
1*.5
l*.l*
I*. 6
6.5
5.U
it. 5
k.6
Per
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
0
0
3.5
2.5
U.5
0
1.5
3.0
2.5
Thousand Tons of Material
Acid
K
(Ibs)
281*
1*05
171
92
6U
191
98
103
106
Bicarbonate
Extracted Extracted
Ca
(Ibs)
3280
261*0
1120
61*0
1*80
1360
1680
1*00
560
rag
(Ibs)
192
216
1*68
801*
768
81*
360
672
1*56
P
(Ibs)
11*.
15-
9-
9-
1*.
5-
5-
11.
7.
2
1*
6
6
8
1*
1*
8
2
203
-------
Table 9^. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER ELEVEN AND
NUMBER TWELVE COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S RIVER QUEEN
MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD SEVEN
Sample
No.
Al
Bl
B21
B22t
B3t
C
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1U
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
Depth
(feet)
0.0-0.3
0.3-0.6
0.6-1.8
1.8-2.3
2.3-U.O
It. 0-5.0
5.0-8.0
8.0-11.0
11.0-lU.O
111. 0-17.0
17.0-20.0
20.0-23.0
23.0-26.0
26.0-29-0
29.0-32.0
32.0-35-0
35-0-38.0
38.0-Ul.O
Ul.O-UU.O
kh. 0-52.0
52.0-53.0
53.0-56.0
56.0-59-0
59-0-62.0
62.0-65.0
65.0-68.0
68.0-71.0
71.0-TU.O
Jh. 0-77.0
77.0-80.0
80.0-83.0
83.0-86.0
86.0-92.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS-I
SS-I
#13 COAL
Garb
MR- 1
SS-I
SS
SS
SH
MS
#12 COAL
MS /gyp
LS
MS /gyp
#11 COAL
Color
10YR 7/6
10YR 7/6
10YR 7/6
10YR 7 A
7.5YR 6/8
10YR 8/3
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 8/U
2.5Y 7/6
N 8/0
2.5Y 7A
5Y 7/1
5YR 6/3
10YR 6/6
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
10YR 6/1
2.5Y 6/2
10YR 3/1
10YR 5/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
10YR 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 7/1
N U/0
Water
Slaking
1
10
6
9
9
7
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
1
0
1
k
u
7
0
7
204
-------
Table 95. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER ELEVEN AND
NUMBER TWELVE COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S RIVER QUEEN
MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD SEVEN
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
Al
Bl
B21
B22t
B3t
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
pH pH
(paste) (1:1)
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.7
5.3
6. U
7.0
5.0
5.2
5.3
6.5
5.7
4.5
5.8
4.4
5.6
6.6
6.5
5.0
4.6
#13
3.0
5.8
7.3
7.5
7.0
3.7
5-6
#12
5-9
7.7
4.7
#11
It. 3
4.3
4.1*
4.7
5.2
6.1
7.1
5.4
5.2
6.7
6.8
5-7
4.5
5-9
4.4
5-6
6.6
6.4
5.0
4.6
COAL
3.4
6.3
7.4
7.2
6.7
3.7
5.6
COAL
6.6
7.8
5.2
COAL
Lime
Require-
ment K
(tons) (ibs.
4.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
1.0
0.5
0
0.5
0.5
0
0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0
0.5
0.5
2.5
2.5
0.5
0
0
0
4.5
0.5
0
0
0.5
160
125
122
111
111
128
95
103
106
100
106
92
55
71
92
81
106
111
111
31
67
136
191
92
98
421
4i6
275
ill
390
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
Ca Mg
) (Ibs.) (Ibs.)
2160
640
480
1120
1680
1680
1600
160
160
160
80
160
240
160
160
320
i44o
560
720
1760
3200
7920
7040
5600
4080
4800
4560
10400
12l6o
10560
648
216
708
1320
1968
1920
144
72
120
48
36
60
36
96
36
132
288
216
192
1536
720
2160
2400
1320
948
1344
1272
1464
264
1248
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.) (Ibs.)
320
47
69
65
80
82
52 G
56 G
54 G
67 G
69 G
56 G
52 G
38 G
67 G
88 G
75 G
103 G
107 G
69 G
80 G
45 G
58 G
88 G
97 G
159 G
300 G
26
58
385 G
13.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
7.2
7.2
0.5
0.5
4.8
4.8
35.4
2.4
0.5
2.4
4.8
4.8
2.4
2.4
0.5
0.5
9.6
2.4
2.4
2.4
47.2
205
-------
Table 96. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER ELEVEN AND NUMBER TWELVE
COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S RIVER QUEEN MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD SEVEN
Sample
No.
Al
Bl
B21
B22t
B3t
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
Value
and
Chroma Fiz
7/6
7/6
7/6
7/4
6/8
8/3
8/2
8/2
8/4
7/6
8/0
7A
7/1
6/3
6/6
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
6/2
#13
3/1
5/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
7/1
#12
5/1
7/1
4/0
#11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COAL
2
3
1
COAL
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Maximum
%S (from $S)
.245
.030
.020
.020
.015
.005
.020
.005
.015
.015
.005
.005
.135
.005
.025
.165
.125
.195
.190
2.300
1.825
1.U75
1.025
.150
.195
2.775
.795
4.35
.295
1.7.50
7.66
.91*
.62
.62
.47
.16
.62
.16
.47
AT
.16
.16
U. 22
.16
.78
5-16
3.91
6.09
5.94
71.87
57-03
46.09
32.03
4.69
6.09
86.72
24.84
93.75
9-22
43.13
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
.58
- -91
.07
1.32
5.06
5.31*
2.06
.07
.58
.07
.58
.3l»
2.33
2.57
1.58
1.82
10.53
26.78
7.56
23.54
9.07
85.01
82.03
34.78
13.06
8.57
23.04
111.44
895.99
32.52
7.08
1.85
.55
.09
.40
1.89
3.34
48.33
47.96
78.15
1.80
43.25
10.61
.70
4.59
5.18
1.44
.11
.42
.18
2.4l
.80
6.62
20.69
1.62
39-92
50.00
30.09
6.97
886.77
206
-------
Table 97. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER ELEVEN AND
NUMBER TWELVE COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
RIVER QUEEN MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD SEVEN, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Depth
(feet)
0.0-5-0
5.0-9-0
9.0-11.0
11.0-13.0
13.0-15.0
15.0-17.0
17.0-21.0
21.0-25.0
25.0-29.0
29.0-33.0
33.0-37.0
37.0-42.0
1*2. 0-47.0
47.0-52.0
52.0-52.5
52.5-56.5
56.5-58.0
58.0-59.0
59.0-63.0
63.0-64.0
64.0-
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
MS
MS-I
MS-I
MS-I
MS-I
SS
SS-I
SS
SS
SS
MR
MR
MR/gyp
Carb
#12 COAL
MS/gyp
SH/gyp
LS
MS/gyp
#11 COAL
Color
10YR 7/6
7.5YR 5/4
10YR 7/4
10YR 7/8
2.5Y 8/4
N 7/0
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
5Y 6/1
N 2/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 5/1
N 7/0
N 4/0
Water
Slaking
9
8
8
6
7
6
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
7
5
1
6
207
-------
Table 98. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER ELEVEN AND
NUMBER TWELVE COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
RIVER QUEEN MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD SEVEN, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
pH pH
(paste) (1:1)
5.2
^.5
6.3
5.0
5.1
5.0
6.1
6.0
5.1
l*.6
6.3
7.1
5.3
1.7
#12
5.2
6.0
7.6
6.9
#11
5.0
k.5
6.3
U.7
5-0
5.1
6.0
5-5
5.0
k.l
6.1
6.9
5.3
2.2
COAL
5.1
6.5
7-5
6.7
COAL
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
1.5
3.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0
0.5
8.5
0.5
0
0
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Xbs.)
92
81*
95
87
92
92
75
6k
71
71
302
307
317
71
302
111
103
302
Ca
(Ibs. )
960
61*0
1120
720
800
880
1*00
720
320
1520
Woo
1*21*0
1*61*0
1*80
2320
10720
11680
6880
Mg
(Ibs.)
312
876
1200
1*80
1*1*1*
636
96
132
Qh
132
13W
1200
131*1*
81*
372
1116
20k
756
P
(Ibs. )
52
35
80
65
1*7
69
kQ
192
37
372G
308G
216G
256G
3l4
62
20
21
^7
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs. }
2.k
2.1*
2.1*
19-0
11.8
0.5
16.7
0.5
2.1;
It. 8
U.8
U.8
2.1*
0.5
0.5
1.2
0.5
7 • 2
208
-------
Table 99. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER ELEVEN AND NUMBER TWELVE
COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S RIVER QUEEN MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD SEVEN, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Value
and
Chroma Fiz %S
7/6
5/4
7/4
7/8
8/4
7/0
7/0
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
2/0
#12
7/1
5/1
7/0
4/0
#11
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
COAL
1
3
4
2
COAL
.015
.030
.010
.005
.010
.020
.015
.125
.010
.090
.694
.435
1.300
4.300
• 595
7.250
.355
2.900
Tons CaCO-
Maximum
(from #S)
.47
.94
.31
.16
.31
.62
.47
3.91
.31
2.81
21.69
13.59
31. ?5
134.37
12.50
159.37
11.09
75.00
3 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Weeded (pH 7) CaC03
• 91
.22
3.41
.44
• 91
1.59
.91
5.22
.47
3.41
34.03
26.31
22.91
- 4.31
2.50
l6l.80
905.31
70.56
.44
.72
3.10
.28
.60
.97
.44
1.31
.16
.60
12.34
12.72
8.34
138.68
10.00
894.22
4.44
209
-------
Table 10Q. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER ELEVEN AND
NUMBER TWELVE COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
RIVER QUEEN MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD SEVEN, COLUMN THREE
Sample Depth Rock Water
No. (feet) Type Color Slaking
0.0-23.0
1 23.0-28.0 SS 10YR 6/3 2
2 28.0-38.0 SS 2.5Y 7/2 1
3 38.0-^3.0 MR 10YR 5/1 2
h U3.0-U8.0 MR 10YR 5/1 1
5 W. 0-53.0 MR 10YR 6/1 3
6 53.0-57.0 #12 COAL
7 57.0-58.5 MS/gyp 5Y 5/1 6
8 58.5-60.0 MS/gyp N 7/0 6
9 60. 0-61*. 0 LS 10YR 6/1 0
10 6U.O+ #11 COAL
210
-------
Table 101. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OP THE NUMBER ELEVEN AND
NUMBER TWELVE COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
RIVER QUEEN MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD SEVEN, COLUMN THREE
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
PH
(paste)
PH
(1:1)
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs. )
Ca
(ibs. )
Mg
(ibs. )
P
(ibs. )
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(ibs.)
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
6.5
5-6
5.5
5-9
6.5
6.U
5-7
5-7
6.0
6.6
#12 COAL
5.2 6.3
2.U 2.5
7.1* 7-7
#11 COAL
0.5 78 1280 31*8 1836 2.2
0.5 81* 1120 21*0 159 2.2
0.5 380 3200 828 3l*2 13.2
0.5 1*05 3l*l*0 1128 2l*6G 11.0
0 37^ 3520 1320 111G 8.9
0.5 lV7 8800 1272 19 6.7
5.0 230 1*000 68U 38 1*. 5
0 95 12800 360 22 4.5
211
-------
Table 102. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER ELEVEN AND NUMBER TWELVE
COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S RIVER QUEEN MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD SEVEN, COLUMN THREE
Sample
No.
1
2
3
k
5
6
1
8
9
10
Value
and
Chroma
6/3
7/2
5/1
5/1
6/1
#12
5/1
7/0
6/1
#11
Fiz
1
0
0
0
0
COAL
2
0
5
COAL
Tons
CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Maximum
%S (from Jfe)
.200
.180
1.2UO
.9^0
.570
t.350
1.310
.360
6.
5.
38.
29-
17-
6k.
22.
11.
25
62
75
37
81
06
81
25
Amount
Present
33.
k.
15.
21.
23.
51.
936.
57
31
66
09
81
25
69
25
Maximum
Needed (pH 7)
1.
23.
8.
12.
23.
31
09
28
81
50
Excess
CaCC-3
27.
6.
925.
32
00
00
212
-------
Table 103. PROPERTIES OF THE UNDISTURBED SOIL PROFILE AT THE
WILL SCARLET MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD EIGHT
Soil
Hori- Depth
zons
Ap
B22
Bo
C
( feet )
0.
0.
1.
2.
2.
0-0.5
5-1.1
1-2.2
2-2.7
7+
PH
Color (paste)
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
5/4
6/6
6/4
6/6
6/6
5.9
4.3
4.3
4.5
5.1
Per
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
1.0
4.0
5-5
3-5
2.0
Thousand Tons of Material
Bicarbonate
Acid Extracted Extracted
K
(Ibs)
89
111
136
114
81
Ca
(ibs)
3200
800
720
960
1120
Mg
P
(ibs) (ibs)
264
432
864
1020
972
4.
4.
5.
22.
16.
8
8
4
4
7
213
-------
Table 104. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE DEKOVEN AND DAVIS COAL
OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S WILL SCARLET MINE (PIT # 8),
NEIGHBORHOOD EIGHT
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Depth
( feet )
0.0-U. 2
4.2-8.4
8.4-12.6
12.6-16.8
16.8-21.0
21.0-25.0
25.0-28.0
28.0-31.0
31.0-32.0
32.0-35-6
35-6-39.2
39-2-42.8
1*2. 8-1*6 .U
46.4-50.0
50.0-54.1
54.1-58.2
58.2-62.3
62.3-66.4
66.4-70.5
70.5-71.5
71.5-73.5
73.5-76.0
76.0-77.3
77.3-80.0
80.0-82.5
Rock
Type
Loess
Loess
OW-Till
OW-Till
Till-OW
Till
Till
OW
LS
MS
SS
MS
MS
SS-I
MS
MS
SS
SS
SS
SS-I
UPPER DEKOVEN
Garb
LOWER DEKOVEN
NOT SAMPLED
DAVIS COAL
Color
10YR 6/4
10YR 7/3
10YR 6/6
10YR 7/4
10YR 6/4
2.5Y 7/6
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/4
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
10YR 5/2
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
COAL
10YR 3/1
COAL
Water
Slaking
7
9
9
9
10
8
8
5
0
2
0
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
214
-------
Table 105- CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DEKOVEN AND DAVIS COAL
OVERBURDEN AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S WILL
SCARLET MINE (PIT #8), NEIGHBORHOOD EIGHT
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
PH
(paste)
5.1
5.0
6.5
6.6
7.3
7.1*
7.6
7.7
7.1*
7.9
8.1*
7-8
6.7
7.3
6.9
7.6
7.2
2.7
3.9
6.7
UPPER
2.3
LOWER
DAVIS
pH
(1:1)
5.0
5.1
6.5
6.6
7.2
7-5
7.6
7-7
7.6
7.8
8.0
7.9
6.7
7.8
7.2
7.9
7.3
3.2
1*.2
5-9
DEKOVEN
2.1*
DEKOVEN
COAL
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
2.0
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.0
0.5
0.5
COAL
8.0
COAL
Per
Thousand Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
150
95
111*
81t
75
167
lU2
153
167
187
171
231*
261
167
160
ll*7
ill*
ill*
71
139
81*
Ca
(Ibs.)
2160
800
1920
1360
101*0
3920
9600
7360
9760
21*00
3600
5360
301*0
1*1*80
2000
6000
1*000
2160
1600
1*080
1*61*0
Mg
(Ibs. )
168
300
672
1*56
252
900
900
561*
228
552
696
888
552
81*0
1*56
1560
1008
828
216
ll*61*
1512
P
(Ibs.)
1*7
65
111
91*
80
256
56
91 M
22
85
153G
200G
31*2 G
100M
159 G
100M
82M
119 G
300
38
216 G
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
( Ibs . )
15. U
8.9
22.0
20.0
6.7
22.0
6.7
1*.5
1*.5
2.2
2.2
It. 5
2.2
1*.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
8.9
6.7
0.5
22.0
215
-------
Table 106. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE DEKOVEN AND DAVIS COAL OVERBURDENS AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S WILL SCARLET MINE (PIT #8), NEIGHBORHOOD EIGHT
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1+
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
2A
Value
and
Chroma
6A
7/3
6/6
7A
6A
7/6
6/2
6A
6/1
7/1
8/0
5/2
6/1
6/1
8/0
8/0
8/0
6/1
7/1
7/0
UPPER
3/1
LOWER
DAVIS
Tons CaCO-3
Fiz
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
2
1+ .
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0 2.
1
1 1.
Maximum
$S (from %S)
030
020
005
005
005
005
060
065
565
085
005
090
385
205
260
120
105
850
300
875
.9U
.63
.16
.16
.16
.16
1.88
2.03
17.66
2.66
.16
2.81
12.03
6.1+1
8.13
3.75
3.28
89.06
9.38
58.59
Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
2.52
1.27
.27
1.77
2.52
6.27
337. **2
3^0.50
500. U3
15.51
21.26
15.26
15.26
22.26
1U.51
1+1+.50
1+1.50
• 77
.02
1+6.50
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
1.58
.61+
.11
1.6l
2.36
6.11
333. 5U
338.1+7
1+82.77
12.85
21.10
12.1+5
3.23
15.85
6.83
1+0.75
38.22
88.29
9.36
12.09
DEKOVEN COAL
0 12.
050
376.56
3.52
373.01+
DEKOVEN COAL
COAL
216
-------
Table 107. PROPERTIES OF REPLICATE UNDISTURBED NATURAL SOIL PROFILE
HORIZONS SAMPLED AT INTERVALS ABOVE THE HIGH WALL OF THE EAGLE MINE
Soil
Hori-
zons
Ap
Bl
B21t
B22t
B3t
C
B
C
B
C
B
C
A
B
A-B
Depth
(feet
0.
0.
1.
1.
2.
1*.
0.
3.
0.
2.
1.
1.
0.
0.
3.
0-0.5
5-1.1
1-1.9
9-2.8
8-1*. 9
9+
1-3.8
8+
1-2.2
2-3.5
0-1.1
1+
0-0.5
5-1-7
5-1*. 1
pH
Color (paste)
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
5A
5/6
5/6
5/6
5/6
6/6
5/6
6/6
5/8
6A
7A
7/6
5A
6/1*
5A
5A
5-7
5-7
5-7
5.U
5-l4
1*.8
It. 9
1*.8
7-3
It. 3
U.5
5. It
1>. 5
5.2
Per
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
0
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
1-5
Thousand Tons of Material
Bicarbonate
Acid Extracted Extracted
K
(Its)
122
111*
139
139
136
11*5
131
95
106
U9
111*
120
120
100
87
Ca
(ibs)
2000
21*00
2880
2080
2080
1520
960
1200
ioi*o
6560
61*0
880
1920
1120
181*0
Mg
(ibs)
216
300
501*
1*80
588
561*
552
708
7l*l*
21*00+
228
636
381*
300
381*
P
(ibs)
5-
16.
33.
1*1*.
51.
U3.
21.
30.
27.
3.
8.
8.
10.
9.
10.
1*
7
0
7
6
l*
2
8
0
6
1*
1*
8
6
8
217
-------
Table 108. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE DEKOVEN AND DAVIS COAL
OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S EAGLE MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD EIGHT
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
31*
Depth
(feet)
0.0-3.2
3. 2-6. ^
6.4-9-6
9.6-12.8
12.8-16.0
16.0-19.2
19.2-22.4
22.4-25-5
25.5-28.0
28.0-32.0
32.0-36.0
36.0-40.0
40. 0-1*3.0
43.0-46.0
46.0-48.7
48.7-51.^
51.4-54.0
54.0-56.7
56.7-59.^
59.4-62.0
62.0-64.7
64.7-67.4
67.4-70.0
70.0-73.0
73.0-75.5
75.5-77-5
77.5-79-5
79-5-81.5
81.5-85.5
85.5-88.0
88.0-90.5
90.5-93.0
93.0-95-5
95.5-98.5
Rock
Type
Loess
Loess
Loess
SS
MR
MR
MR
MR
Garb
MR
MR
MR
SS
SS
SS-I
SS-I
SS-I
MR
SS-I
SS-I
SS
SS-I
MR
DEKOVEN COAL
MR
SS
SS
SS
SS-I
MR
MR
MR
Carb
DAVIS COAL
Color
10YR 7/6
10YR 7/4
10YR 8/4
10YR 8/1
10YR 8/3
10YR 7/4
10YR 6/3
10YR 6/4
N 2/0
2.5Y 8/2
5Y 8/1
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 7/1
10YR 6/1
5Y 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 7/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 8/1
10YR 8/1
10YR 8/1
10YR 8/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 4/1
Water
Slaking
10
10
9
0
1
2
0
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
218
-------
Table 109 • CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE DEKOVEN AND DAVIS COAL
OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S EAGLE MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD EIGHT
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Lime
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
Require-
pH pH ment K
(paste) (1:1) (tons) (ibs.)
1*.8
7.6
7.6
7-9
7.2
7-2
7.1
7.3
6.2
7.5
8.0
7.8
7.8
8.1
8.0
7.9
7-8
8.0
7-9
7.8
8.2
7.7
7.6
DEKOVEN
3.1
7.1
7-1
7-3
7.0
7.2
7.0
7.1
7.1
4.7
7.5
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.9
7-1
5-8
7-3
7.7
7-3
7.2
7-7
7.6
7-4
7-5
7.8
7-5
7.4
7.8
7-4
7-2
COAL
3.5
7.1
6.7
6.9
6.3
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.2
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
0
0
0
2.0
0
0
0
0.5
125
73
62
58
183
167
179
293
275
179
293
243
122
147
247
275
153
332
175
266
136
210
247
218
103
139
100
179
437
405
364
353
Ca
(ibs.)
1120
5600
3120
720
1920
2480
2800
2800
7360
1520
1840
1120
1280
2480
2640
2240
4l60
2400
4480
208o
4720
2160
1760
2000
5520
600
1600
3120
3280
6240
7200
7840
Mg
(ibs.)
732
2400
1140
336
756
1020
iio4
1152
2400
612
420
480
288
660
864
816
1200
960
1272
684
2400
660
540
660
1800
192
516
1248
900
1704
1944
1968
Bicarbonate
P
(ibs. )
67
67
94
40
119
115
132
183
103
80
300 G
85 G
183 G
123 G
200 G
159 G
132 G
147 G
123 G
238 G
100 G
200 G
192 G
45
72 G
115
48 G
137 G
360 G
294 G
183 G
132 G
Extracted
P
(ibs. )
17.6
8.9
6.7
2.2
11.0
15.1
26.5
40.0
13.2
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.4
1.2
2.4
1.2
0.5
0.5
2.4
2.4
0.5
0.5
2.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
7.2
DAVIS COAL
219
-------
Table 110. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE DEKOVEN AND DAVIS COAL OVERBURDENS
AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S EAGLE MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD EIGHT
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Value
and
Chroma
7/6
7A
8/4
8/1
8/3
7A
6/3
6/4
2/0
8/2
8/1
7/1
8/0
8/0
6/1
6/1
7/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
7/1
6/1
6/1
Fiz
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
%S
005
010
010
010
005
005
010
005
100
020
090
065
050
015
085
100
065
045
045
100
020
125
050
Tons CaC03
Maximum
(from %S)
.16
.31
.31
.31
.16
.16
.31
.16
3.12
.62
2.81
2.03
1.56
.47
2.66
3.12
2.03
1.41
i.4i
3.12
.62
3.91
1.56
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount Maximum
Present Needed (pH 7)
2.33
^^
6.07
1.58
3.82
5-06
6.31
5-33
15.31
2.83
6.82
14.81
6.58
18. 48
25-03
23.78
35.78
16.56
30.85
15.79
27-53
24.79
29.04
Excess
CaC03
2.17
154.23
5.76
1.27
3.66
4.90
6.00
5-17
12.19
2.21
4.01
12.78
5.02
18.01
22.37
20.06
33.75
15.15
29.44
12.67
26.91
20.88
27.48
DEKOVEN COAL
8/1
8/1
8/1
8/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
4/1
DAVIS
0
0
0
0
1
0
1 1.
1 2.
1 3.
COAL
140
050
015
o4o
575
600
750
150
025
4.37
1.56
.47
1.25
17.97
18.75
54.69
67.19
94.53
- 1.42 5.79
27-79
21.79
6.31
24.53
25.03
19.80 34.89
26.78 40.41
40.75 53.78
26.23
21.32
5.06
6.56
6.28
220
-------
Table 111. PROPERTIES OF THE UNDISTRUBED NATURAL SOIL PROFILES AT THE
WALKER AND DUQUOIN PITS OF THE BURNING STAR #2 MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD NINE
Soil
Hori-
zons
Al
^21 1
B22t
B23tg
Bx
C
Depth
(feet)
0.
1.
1.
1.
2.
3.
0-1.0
0-1.5
5-1.8
8-2.1
1-3.1
1-5-0
Color
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
10YR
6/3
6/6
6/6
7/3
6/k
6/6
PH
(paste)
6.k
k.5
k.2
k.O
k.I
k.k
Per
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
1.0
2.0
lt.0
5.5
5.0
3.0
Thousand Tons of Material
Bicarbonate
Acid Extracted Extracted
K
(Ibs)
668
507
507
596
36k
139
Ca
(ibs)
5200
1520
10^0
1200
1360
l^Uo
Mg
(ibs)
516
UUU
336
516
996
1176
P
(ibs)
33.
10.
5-
7-
2k.
I
8
k
2
8
Ap 0.0-0.9 10YR 5/3 6.0
A21 0.9-1.5 10YR 6/2 k.k
A22 1.5-2.1 10YR 6/2 k.2
B2t 2.1-3.8 10YR 6/3 ^.3
DUQUOIN PIT
1.0 69 3360 252 10.8
2.5 55 ikkO 132 5.U
3.0 60 1200 20k Q.k
6.0 136 2000 636 k.Q
221
-------
Table 112, PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER SIX (HEREIN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT CONSOLIDATED COAL COMPANY'S BURNING STAR NUMBER TWO MINE
(WALKER PIT), NEIGHBORHOOD NINE
Sample
No.
1
2
3
It
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
27
28
Depth
(feet)
0.0-1*1.5
1*1.5-1*3.0
1*3.0-1*5.2
1*5.2-1*6.2
1*6.2-1*6.9
1*6.9-U8.1*
1*8.1*-1*9.2
1*9.2-50.2
50.2-51.5
51.5-53.2
53.2-5*1.8
5l*. 8-56.0
56.0-57.0
57.0-58.8
58.8-60.5
60.5-61.2
61.2-61.7
61.7-62.2
62. 2-61*. 2
61*. 2-66.0
66.0-68.8
68.8-70.2
70.2-71.2
71.2-72.1
CORE IS
70.5-70.8
70.8-73.0
73.0-7^.2
Ik. 2-19. 5
79.5-79.8
Rock
Type
Color
Water
Slaking
NOT SAMPLED
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
LS
LS
MS
MS
Garb
Garb
LS
LS
LS
Garb
Carb
Garb
OFFSET AT THIS
Carb
SH
SH
#6 COAL
MS
5Y 8/1
5Y 8/1
5Y 8/1
10YR 8/3
5Y 8/1
5Y 8/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 1*/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 1*/1
10YR 1*/1
N 2/0
5Y 2/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 2/1
10YR 2/1
N 2/0
POINT
5Y 2/1
5Y 6/1
10YR 1*/1
(HERRIN)
5YR 5/1
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
1*
1*
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
8
222
-------
Table 113. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER SIX (HEREIN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT CONSOLIDATED COAL COMPANY'S BURNING STAR NUMBER TWO MINE
(WALKER PIT), NEIGHBORHOOD NINE
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
pH
(paste)
8.1
7-9
8.1
8.3
7.9
8.2
7-7
3.5
3.U
3.5
3.1
7-5
7.8
7-6
7.U
5.1
7.2
7-2
7.8
7-9
6.5
1*.6
7-2
PH
(1:1)
7.8
8.0
8.1
8.2
7.8
8.0
7.6
3.5
k.6
3.8
6.1*
7.7
7.9
7.U
7.3
6.6
7.3
7.8
7.7
7.7
5.2
3.6
7.3
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1*.0
1.5
2.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
3.0
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs. )
106
78
106
87
61*
71
353
171
167
252
1*16
198
211*
302
289
307
312
183
156
98
390
U53
293
CORE IS OFFSET AT
2U
25
26
27
28
6.8
3.^
2.1*
#6 COAL
3.5
7.3
3.5
2.6
0
5.5
6.5
281*
73
87
Ca
(Ibs.)
5760
9760
3600
6120
1101*0
2000
1520
181*0
22hO
920
221*0
701*0
10560
5600
5520
301*0
7UOO
5720
5960
21*80
6200
3kUO
321*0
Mg
(Ibs.)
198
276
120
186
2l*0
36
288
50U
672
288
1*86
306
552
681*
570
1*56
888
192
168
5U
1992
1656
1320
P
(Ibs. )
22
26
21*
25
22
22
372G
320G
238
360G
372
38
31
3H
3U
67
35
26
2k
23
308
153
171*
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(ibs. )
2.2
2.2
U.5
U.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
31.9
15-9
20.5
13.6
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
70.7
U.5
k.5
^•5
U.5
1*.5
2.2
THIS POINT
5880
381+0
1U80
1296
1131*
900
159
183G
137^
5.5
1*9-0
1*1.0
(HERRIN)
3.7
3.0
^59
560
312
77
2.2
223
-------
Table llU. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER SIX (HEREIN) COAL OVERBURDEN
AT CONSOLIDATED COAL COMPANY'S BURNING STAR NUMBER TWO MINE
(WALKER PIT), NEIGHBORHOOD NINE
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
27
28
Value
Tons CaC03 Equivalent/Thousand Tons
and
Chroma Fiz %Q
8/1
8/1
8/1
8/3
8/1
8/1
7/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
1*/1
5/1
5/1
Vl
U/l
2/0
2/1
6/1
6/1
7/1
2/1
2/1
2/0
2/1
6/1
Vl
#6
5/1
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
1
1*
5
5
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
COAL
0
.085
.195
.015
.005
.860
.280
1.1*15
1-785
3.360
2.71*0
1.1*00
1.570
.600
2.225
2.250
2.675
2.500
• 550
.325
.150
1.625
1.675
3-750
CORE
1.850
2.520
3.250
(HERRIN)
.690
Maxim-urn Amount Maximum
(from %S) Present Needed (pH 7)
2.66
6.09
.1*7
.16
26.87
8.75
Ilk. 22
55.78
105-00
85.62
43.75
1*9.06
18.75
69-53
70.31
83.59
78.12
17-19
10.16
4.69
50.78
52. 3k
117-19
IS OFFSET
57.81
78.75
101.56
21.56
678.15
676.86
534.06
688.22
746.39
689.51
15.07
2.27
.50
1.77
1.77
297.35
417.44
251.96
167.18
12.83
60.89
707.05
660.W
850.11
11.82
7.U8
29-li*
AT THIS POINT
35.93
1.52
- 13.81
2.53
29-15
53.51
104.50
83.85
1*1.98
70.76
17-23
38.96
1*1*. 86
88.05
21.88
77.23
115-37
19-03
Material
Excess
CaC03
675.49
670.77
533.59
688.06
719-52
680.76
21*8.29
398.69
182.1*3
96.87
689.86
650.32
81*5.1*2
224
-------
Table 115. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER SIX (HERRIN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT CONSOLIDATED COAL COMPANY'S BURNING STAR NUMBER TWO MINE
(DUQUOIN PIT), NEIGHBORHOOD NINE
Sample
No.
A
B
C
1
2
3
1*
5
6
T
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3>*
35
Depth
( feet )
0.0-0.5
0.5-2. it
2. Mi. 3
U.3-6.3
6.3-8.2
8.2-10.1
10.1-12.0
12.0-13.9
13.9-15.8
15.8-17.8
17.8-19-7
19.7-21.6
21.6-23.5
23.5-2U. 8
2l*.8-25.8
25.8-27.7
27.7-28.7
28.7-30.6
30.6-32.5
32. 5- 31*. 1*
3iul*-35.1*
35.1*-35.8
35.8-37-7
37.7-39-6
39.6-1*2.3
U2.3-l*l*.l*
UU.U-U6.3
1*6.3-^8.3
1*8.3-50.2
50.2-52.1
52.1-53.1
53.1-55-0
55.0-56.9
56.9-58.8
58.8-59.8
59.8-62.3
62. 3-61*. 2
61*. 2-67.1
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
LOESS
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
SH
LS
LS
Color
2.5Y 7/2
10YR 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/1*
2.5Y 7/6
5Y 7/3
2.5Y 7/6
2.5Y 7/6
2.5Y 8/2
5Y 7/2
5Y 7/2
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/3
2.5Y 8/U
5Y 7/3
5Y 8/3
2.5Y 7/8
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 8/2
LOST SAMPLE
10YR 8/1
10YR 8/1
10YR 7/2
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
Water
Slaking
7
10
10
10
10
10
9
8
8
7
8
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
2
2
0
2
0
0
1
3
2
2
1*
0
0
0
225
-------
Table 115. (continued)
Sample
No.
36
36A
37
38
39
UO
Depth
(feet)
67.1-
-69.0
69.0-70.9
70. 9-71. U
71.U-73.3
73.3-79.3
Rock
Type
Garb
Garb
Garb
Garb
Garb
#6 COAL
Color
N 2/0
5Y 3/1
5Y 2/1
N 3/0
5Y 2/2
(HEREIN)
Water
Slaking
0
0
0
U
1
226
-------
Table Il6. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER SIX (HERRIN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT CONSOLIDATED COAL COMPANY'S BURNING STAR NUMBER TWO MINE
(DUQUOIN PIT), NEIGHBORHOOD NINE
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
A
B
C
1
2
3
1*
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
pH
(paste)
7.6
U.7
5-1
5.1*
6.3
6.6
6.7
7.1*
5.8
7.1
7.8
8.1
6.8
6.6
6.2
6.2
6.3
6.8
6.9
6.5
6.7
6.6
6.9
6.7
6.9
7.3
7.5
PH
(1:1)
7.1
U.3
U.I
5.1
6.2
6.1*
6.6
7-1
7.1
7.0
7.3
7-2
7.2
7.2
6.7
6.8
7.1
7.6
7-7
7.8
7.5
7.2
7.1*
7.6
7-3
7.8
7.8
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
0
3.0
3.5
1.5
.5
.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs. )
195
153
ll*7
13U
100
95
87
92
92
89
81
117
87
98
98
238
289
ll*2
131
11*5
161*
238
175
139
120
87
89
Ca
(Ibs.)
7520
2720
2320
2720
3120
301*0
3680
3600
381*0
1*560
7760
6560
1*320
6l60
301*0
3120
7760
10560
101*00
10560
10720
6080
9600
11360
11200
121*80
1261*0
Mg
(Ibs. )
9U8
801*
71*1*
780
960
972
1296
1392
ll*l*0
1632
ll*l*0
1320
1296
1680
10UU
llUo
1272
1128
1008
1056
1200
1068
10UU
981*
828
228
252
P
(ibs. )
111
lU7
183
216
300
256
192
171*
171*
159
111
238
308
291*
183
200
372
80
38
38
72
372
128
31*
31
16
13
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
32.0
29.8
66.5
58.6
39.8
39-8
38.8
20.9
13.2
U.2
12.1
11.2
15.1*
11.2
10.2
5.5
5-5
6.6
U.2
U.2
8.9
U.2
6.6
5.5
15.1*
5.5
7.8
LOST SAMPLE
7.8
7.6
7.1
7.1
7.1*
6.5
6.7
8.0
8.0
7.1*
7-5
7.6
7-5
7-6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
78
8!*
187
312
338
380
1*71*
13920
13600
10560
10080
7120
5600
31*1*0
201*
21*0
756
801*
792
801*
86U
12
10
75
21*6
385
31*2
21*6
6.6
5.5
6.6
U.2
6.2
2.2
2.2
227
-------
Table 116. (continued)
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Lime
Acid Extracted
Bicarbonate
Require-
Sample
No.
33
31*
35
36
36A
37
38
39
1*0
pH
(paste)
T.I
7-7
7.3
5.9
3.0
3.0
2.8
#6 COAL
pH ment
(1:1) (tons)
7.7
8.3
8.1
6.3
3.1*
3.0
3.0
(HEREIN)
0
0
0
.5
U.5
3-5
6.0
K
(its. )
307
125
89
69
117
92
78
Ca
(lias.)
101*00
16000
1261*0
1261*0
1*720
1*000
3360
Mg
(Its.)
852
312
21*0
360
1080
1320
1008
P
(Ibs.)
21
12
7
18
3**2
3l*2
360
Extracted
P
(its.)
3.1*
8.9
3.1*
18.8
6.6
20.9
11.2
228
-------
Table 117- ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER SIX (HERRIN) COAL OVERBURDEN
AT CONSOLIDATED COAL COMPANY'S BURNING STAR NUMBER TWO MINE
(DUQUOIN PIT), NEIGHBORHOOD NINE
Sample
No.
A
B
C
1
2
3
It
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2lt
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Value
and
Chroma
7/2
7/2
7/2
7/2
7/2
7/2
7/1*
7/2
7/2
7/1*
7/6
7/3
7/6
7/6
8/2
7/2
7/2
7/3
7/3
7/3
7/3
8A
7/3
8/3
7/8
8/2
8/2
LOST
8/1
8/1
7/2
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
Fiz
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
It .
It .
It .
2
0
1
It .
5 .
5 •
5
SAMPLE
5 .
5
1
1 1.
0
0
0
k .
%S
030
015
005
005
005
010
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
125
015
005
005
010
010
005
005
005
005
oUo
025
015
020
025
280
210
It25
1*35
865
300
Tons CaCOo
Maximum
(from %S)
.91*
.1*7
.16
.16
.16
.31
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
.16
3.91
.1*7
.16
.16
.31
.31
.16
.16
.16
.16
1.25
.78
.1*7
.62
.78
8.75
37.81
13.28
13.59
27.03
9.37
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount Maximum
Present Needed (pH 7)
13.17
.75
1.72
2.97
It. 20
5.17
5.67
5.67
5.67
7.1*0
15-52
11.82
6.90
30.80
3-70 .21
5.80
ll*.05
105.19
Ilt8.50
137.36
35-72
9.62
35-97
71*. 25
lltl.07
51*9.1*5
56U.30
628.65
591*. oo
37.20
23.15 ll*.66
19.70
18.97
18.72 8.31
79-20
Excess
CaCOg
12.23
.28
1.56
2.81
U.olt
it. 86
5-51
5-51
5-51
7.2lt
15.36
11.66
6.71*
30.61t
5.3U
13.89
105.03
1U8.19
137.05
35-56
9.1*6
35-81
71*. 09
139.82
51*8.67
563.83
628 . 03
593.22
28.1*5
6.U2
5.38
69.83
229
-------
Table 117 (continued)
Sample
No.
3U
35
36
36A
37
38
39
Value
and
Chroma
8/0
7/1
3/1
2/1
3/0
2/2
Fiz
5
5
U
0
0
0
*S
.155
.330
2.950
2.000
1.900
Tons CaCO^
Maximum
(from $S)
U.8U
10.31
92.19
62.50
59.37
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
6UU.TU
631.12
11.75
259.89
- .72
- .97
- .72
Maximum
Needed (pH 7)
92.91
63.^7
60.09
Excess
CaC03
639.90
620.81
#6 COAL (HERRIN)
230
-------
Table 118. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER SIX (HERRIN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT CONSOLIDATED COAL COMPANY'S BURNING STAR NUMBER TWO MINE
(DUQUOIN PIT), NEIGHBORHOOD NINE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
B
C
1
2
3
h
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Depth
(feet)
0.0-2.0
2.0-3.0
3.0-6.0
6.0-9.0
9.0-12.0
12.0-15.0
15.0-18.0
18.0-21.0
21.0-2U.O
2k. 0-2T.O
27.0-30.0
30.0-33.0
33.0-36.0
36.U-38.5
38.5-^0.7
U0.7-U1.3
U1.3-UU.T
M. 7-1*8.0
48.0-50.0
50.0-51.8
51.8-53.2
53.2-5^.5
5U.5-60.8
60.8-62.6
62.6-6U.U
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
Soil
LOESS
Till
Till
LOST SAMPLE
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
LS
LS
MS
MS
MS
LS
LS
Garb
Garb
Garb
SH
Color
10YR 7A
10YR 7/3
10YR 7 A
10YR 7/U
5Y 8/2
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 8/3
N 8/0
2.5Y 8/2
5Y 8/1
5Y 8/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
N 2/0
N 2/0
5Y 2/1
5Y U/l
Water
Slaking
5
10
9
10
10
9
U
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
#6 COAL (HERRIN)
MS
MS
N 8/0
N 8/0
0
u
231
-------
Table 119. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NUMBER SIX (HERRIN) COAL
OVERBURDEN AT CONSOLIDATED COAL COMPANY'S BURNING STAR NUMBER TWO MINE
(DUQUOIN PIT), NEIGHBORHOOD NINE, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
B
C
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Lime
Require-
pH pH merit K
(paste) (1:1) (tons) (ibs. ]
5.2
7.9
8.0
7.6
LOST
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.6
8.3
8.1
7.1*
7.3
7. ^
7-5
7.7
U.O
7.0
2.8
3.0
5.2
8.3
8.1
7.6
SAMPLE
7.8
7.8
7.8
7-6
7.2
8.2
8.1
7.2
l.k
l.k
l.k
7.6
l+.O
6.9
2.7
2.9
3.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.5
0
k.O
5-5
92
109
171
ll*2
109
218
131*
1*10
222
139
ll*2
23l*
210
21 1*
206
73
275
275
1*1*
27
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted Bicarbonate
Extracted
Ca Mg P P
) (ibs.) (ibs.) (Ibs.) (ibs.)
2000
381*0
30l*0
2320
9760
10080
9760
10080
5360
12160
11200
501*0
6080
7360
1*1*00
6U8o
1*1*80
7680
1360
2120
528
828
81*0
756
ll*l*0
1392
1581*
1581*
13U1*
261*
180
252
231*
1*1*1*
168
81*
612
981*
552
792
U5
192
ll*2
137
38
31*
32
21
27
15
15
27
26
25
29
19
385
385
320
137G
1.2
23.6
23.6
16.7
2.1*
2.1*
2.1*
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.1*
1*.8
9.6
19.0
2.1*
1*.8
2.1*
0.5
1.2
2.1*
#6 COAL (HERRIN)
8.7
9-1
8.2
8.8
0
0
385
322
720
2720
1*8
108
27
26
2.1*
232
-------
Table 120. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER SIX COAL OVERBURDEN AT
CONSOLIDATED COAL COMPANY'S BURNING STAR NUMBER TWO MINE
(DUQUOIN PIT), NEIGHBORHOOD NINE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
B
C
1
2
3
it
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Value
and
Chroma
7A
7/3
7A
7A
LOST
8/2
8/2
8/3
8/0
8/2
8/1
8/1
6/1
5/1
7/1
7/1
8/0
2/0
2/0
2/1
fc/1
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Maximum
Fiz %S (from %S)
0
0
0
0
.035
.030
.030
.020
1.09
.9U
.91*
.63
Amount
Present
1.5U
56.U5
it. 73
3.7^
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
A5
55.51
3.79
3.11
SAMPLE
2
3
2
2
2
1*
U
3
it
U
3
it
0
0
0
0
#6 COAL
8/0
8/0
U
1*
.020
.050
.020
1.275
.310
.030
• 1U5
1.335
1.000
1.1U5
.950
.200
2.525
(HERRIN)
1.250
.770
.63
1.56
.63
39. 8U
9.69
• 9U
U.53
iH. 72
31.25
35.78
29.69
6.25
78.91
39.06
2U.06
^9-5^
208.60
192.66
U30.86
351.16
2U3.89
755-58
392.32
U17.8U
697.69
6ll. it9
950. U6
6.19
20.5^
- 1.73
- 7.17
607.39
it67.09
U8.91
207. OU
192.03
391.02
3itl.it7
2U2.95
751.05
350.60
386.59
661.90
581.80
9UU.21
86.06
568.33
UU3.03
233
-------
SECTION IX
INTERIOR COAL PROVINCE: WESTERN REGION
SUMMARY
Coals or horizons involved in the Western Interior Basin (Figure 7),
within the middle part of the Pennsylvanian are as follows:
Mulberry (Midway Mine) (Highest in the geologic section)
Summit (Not mined, but present, 9.1 m (30 ft) above the Bevier
coal at the Mark Twain Mine).
Mulky (Mined at Bee Veer and Power Mines).
Bevier (Mined at Bee Veer, Prairie Hill and Tebo).
Wheeler (With Bevier at Bee Veer, Prairie Hill and Tebo).
Croweburg (Sierra Mine, Oklahoma, Adjunct).
Tebo (Power and Tebo Mines).
Weir-Pittsburg (Power Mine) (Lowest in the geologic section).
Natural, original soils that might be worth stockpiling for use in the
new minesoils would include the brown sandy loam soil and underlying
weathered sandstones that occurs in the environs of the Tebo mine; and
dark, thick (30 cm: 1 ft) fine silty surface soil horizons over clayey
subsoils that occur commonly around Power, Tebo and Midway mines. The
brown, sandy loam soil offers promise for Improving clayey textures,
especially because the upper part of the weathered bedrock (sandstone)
could be included in some places. Clayey subsoils or claypans would
be undesirable and might cause segregation of surface layers to be
impractical.
Neutralizing materials are adequate to assure non-toxic minesoils and
neutral waters at each site studied, either by burial of potentially
toxic materials or by blending.
Horizons containing gypsum were identified by "Gyp" under rock type
and calculations of potential acidity were corrected, accordingly,
since sulphur in gypsum does not form more mineral acidity.
Acid-Base Accounting is needed in order to detect potentially acid-
toxic horizons or to clarify observations, because such horizons
234
-------
Figure 7. Neighborhoods in the Western Region, Interior Coal
Province.
235
-------
range in color values from black to white (Munsell Values 1 to 8) and
in rock type from hard bone-coal Ccarbolith) to soft, massive
mudstone.
It is known that phosphatic nodules occur in certain horizons of over-
burdens sampled, and phosphate concentrations may offer opportunities
for creating minesoils rich in phosphorus as well as neutral in pH and
high in other plant nutrients.
NEIGHBORHOOD 10: BEE VEER AND PRAIRIE HILL MINES, MACON AND RANDOLPH
COUNTIES, MISSOURI.
The coal seams involved at Neighborhood 10 (Table 121) are called the
Bevier (lower coal) and Mulky (upper coal), with an unnamed thin coal
or carbolith horizon (called the Skyvein) approximately 7.6 m (25 ft)
above the upper, mineable coal (Tables 122-127). From updated liter-
ature (Gentile 1967, pg. 19) it appears that the lower mineable coal
could be interpreted as two coals, the Wheeler-Bevier coals (or the
"Bevier of commerce") and the upper mineable coal as the Mulky. Then
the Skyvein would correlate as the Summit horizon overlain by a thin
roof and the Houx limestone member.
At the companion mine, Prairie Hill, 19.3 km (12 mi) southwest, only
one coal is mined, which is locally correlated as the Bevier coal
(Tables 128-133). In the overburden, a carbolith or coaly horizon
is evident 5.8 to 7.0 m (19 to 23 ft) above and a thin unnamed coal
occurs at 11.6 m (38 ft) above the named coal. Both the carbolith
horizon and the unnamed coal are identifiable by dark color of the
powdered material (Munsell value of 3 or lower), a build-up of total
sulphur, and a net acid potential.
Comparing sections at Bee Veer and Prairie Hill, it seems likely that
the lower, mineable coals correspond as Wheeler-Bevier at the two
locations, and the upper thin coal corresponds with, the Skyvein or
Summit. The presence of the tough, relatively pure fossiliferous lime-
stone immediately above the roof of the thin coal at both Bee Veer and
Prairie Hill provides support for the correlation, as does the con-
centration of gypsum above the limestone at B.V. I (Tables 122-124),
and P.H. I (Tables 128-130). Absence of gypsym at P.H. II (Tables
131-133) reflects glacial scouring and desposition of till on the
limestone.
Overburdens at Bee Veer and at Prairie Hill are relatively safe from
acid toxicities except close to the Wheeler-Bevier at Prairie Hill and
the unmined coaly horizon at both, mines. However, dark colored Ccarbolith)
shales and mudrocks are not consistent indicators of potential toxicity.
For example, with light colored (Munsell color values of 5 or 6)
236
-------
mudrock samples .#3, J8 and j?21 in overburden profile P.H.. I (Tables
128-130) , high potential acid tctxicities were recorded, whereas with-
black carbolith samples $5 and #15 neutralizing capacities predominated.
Generally, neutralizers are predominant at Prairie Hill and Bee Veer.
Even omitting resistant limestones, which would persist as coarse
fragments, it is evident that neutral or alkaline mudrocks would
overwhelm all potential acidity of the potentially acid materials,
if thoroughly blended with the mudrocks. It would be difficult to
isolate and dispose of potentially toxic materials because they occur
in several separated zones, either above or below the different coals
or carboliths.
The soil, A horizon, at Bee Veer and Prairie Hill was medium textured
(Loam or silt loam), light brown, 12.7 to 20.3 cm (5 to 8 in) deep,
and acid (pH near 5.2). The B horizon (subsoil) was a heavy, acid clay
loam or clay, apparently an argillic horizon. Some low chroma mottling
was present below 25.4 cm (10 in). The surface slope was 5 to 20
percent.
Glacial till containing about 20 percent coarse fragments (partly ig-
neous or metamorphic cobbles) varied in thickness both at Bee Veer and
Prairie Hill, from 7.6 m (25 ft) to essentially zero (unrecognizable).
At Bee Veer (Table 122, Sample #1) an horizon of stratified sand and
gravel was evident in the lower part of the unstratified glacial till,
re presenting glacial outwash.
The glacial till was neutral or alkaline and relatively high in
available phosphorus below the A and B horizons of the soil, but it
would be questionable for use at the minesoil surface because of hard
cobbles and clayey tendencies, unless sorted to avoid these difficulties.
The surface (A horizon) of the soil was too thin and eroded to be
separated for placement on minesoils, and the mottled clay loam or
clay subsoil, B horizon, contained more active clay than would be
favored for a new soil.
Considering all properties, it appears that carbonate-rich mudrocks
from the lower or middle part of the sections should make the best
minesoils, especially if excessive limestone coarse fragments are
segregated and removed. Ultimate textures of these materials are high
in silt rather than clay. They show variable slaking tendencies in
water, but enough to assure sufficient fines to form a good soil.
Moreover, these materials are soft enough to cut or crush readily into
soil texturial particles with a disk or other farm implement.
237
-------
Available phosphorus levels by bicarbonate extraction are relatively
low and should be remedied by fertilization. Individual horizon
samples are higher. Slowly available, acid-extractable phosphates
probably occur in tri-calcium form in alkaline mudrocks. Such phos-
phates should prevent extreme deficiencies and provide long range
reserves, but do not eliminate the need for fertilization of forages
with readily available phosphorus.
Excavated minesoil profiles in old spoils at Bee Veer confirm that
neutralizers are generally dominant. However, barren acid minesoil
patches are present which are readily explainable in terms of over-
burden properties noted in overburden samples. If the toxic or
potentially toxic materials were blended with the carbonate-rich
mudrocks, such patches would be.prevented.
ADJUNCT TO NEIGHBORHOOD 10: MARK. TWAIN MINE, BOONE COUNTY, MISSOURI.
This completed operation at the Mark Twain mine, Columbia, Mo.,
provided a 15.2 m4- (50 ft+) highwall above ponded water covering
the Bevier coal horizon, and exposed upper residual horizons not
previously available for sampling. We chose, therefore, to collect
samples and to treat this section as an Adjunct to Neighborhood 10
(Tables 134-136). Hand sampling was accomplished by cliff-climbing
techniques using a nylon rope, by experienced climber David Hall.
The relative dark, calcareous mudstone at 13.4 to 13.7 m (44
to 45 ft) with pyritic mudstones above and below is believed to be
the Mulky coal horizon. The Bevier coal was approximately 3 m
(10 ft) or more under ponded water at the base of the highwall.
The 30.5 cm (ft) thick coal 8.8 m (29 ft) from the land surface is
believed to be the Summit coal overlain by mudstone, the Houx lime-
stone member and, at 3.3 to 6.1 m (11 to 20 ft) by reddish colored
shale or mudrock of the Little Osage formation (Howe and Koenig
1961, p. 90).
Note that several horizons above the water level (presumably near the
Mulky coal horizon) are potentially acid from pyritic sulphur (Table 136)
Greater potential acidity is indicated through 1.5 m (5 ft) below the
Summit coal. An additional concentration of sulphur occurs below
limestone, at 2.4 to 3.3 m (8 to 11 ft). The maximum carbonate
equivalent indicated as needed for neutrality is slightly excessive
because part of this sulphur is recognizable gypsum. However, the
horizon is acid in spite of close proximity to limestone, and abundant
pyrite is present to form acid sulphates. Undoubtedly the observable
gypsum formed here by reaction between sulphates caused by oxidation
of pyritic minerals and calcium carbonate from the limestone or mud-
stones. This association between limestone and gypsum is closer to
238
-------
the land surface than at the Bee Veer mine in Randolph County where a
gypsum horizon occurs on top of limestone but lower in the section.
The top 8.8m (29 ft) of overburden at the Mark Twain Mine would
blend to form neutral or alkaline minesoil, but the three limestone
layers would probably cause resistant, large coarse fragments.
The surface soil at this site contained, chert, and large limestone
slabs which created a discontinuous (ruptic lithic) bedrock situation
in the soil. The steeply-rolling land supported mixed oak, hickory and
cedar; regrowth woodland.
Northward 3.4 km (2.1 mi) in this same mining pit, no bedrock was
evident. Approximately 9.1 m (30 ft) of glacial till and outwash
sand or gravel constituted the highwall with all bedrock and coal
buried under these unconsolidated glacial-fluvial materials.
Minesoil sloping from the ponded water at the base of the residual
highwall sampled was well-vegetated with a grass-legume mixture of
tall fescuegrass, redtop, alfalfa, sweetclover, and a few briers
and other weeds. Cattle have grazed the revegetated minesoil but
were not seen.
A minesoil profile, described in the Pedologic subsection of Section
V and obtained 5 km (3.1 mi) north of this sampling site, was
neutral in reaction and fine loamy in texture.
NEIGHBORHOOD 11: POWER AND TEBO MINES, HENRY COUNTY, MISSOURI.
The mined coals in this Neighborhood have been correlated as Weir—
Pittsburg (lowest), Tebo (middle) and Bevier (upper). Tables 137
through 142 summarize data for overburden of the two lower coals. In
places the Little Tebo is recognized between the Tebo and Bevier.
An horizon, (2.lor 2.4m: 7 or 8 ft) above the Bevier at the Tebo Mine
(Tables 146-151),contains prominent spherical nodules from 15.2 cm
(6 in) to more than 30.5 cm (1 ft) in diameter. The nodules contain
visible pyrite crystals and fizz in acid indicating abundant calcium
carbonate. This zone is believed to correspond to the Mulky coal
horizon.
The Tebo mine is approximately 21 km (13 mi) northeast of the Power
Mine, which is immediately northwest of the town of Montrose. Coal
elevations (Bevier Coal at Tebo, 243.2 m: 798 ft and the Weir-Pittsburg
at Power 242.6 to 243.5 m 796 to 799 ft) indicate a significant dip
to the northeast.
239
-------
Undisturbed soils in this Neighborhood have dark gray or brown, acid
surfaces (A horizons) from 20,3 to 40.6 cm C8 to 16 in) deep.
Surface soil textures range from silty clay loam to fine sandy loam.
Subsoils, generally, are slowly-permeable, plastic clays. Near the
Tebo mine some undisturbed soils with fine sandy loam surface soils and
sandy clay loam subsoils are moderately permeable and underlain by
brown medium-textured sandstone, but the clay subsoils are more
extensive, as would be expected from the dominance of mudstones or
shales in the underlying geologic sections.
At these mines there was special interest in determining potentially
toxic materials chemically because most partings between coals as
well as overlying mudstones were light colored gray materials and
not ordinarily expected to be potentially toxic. Powdered rock color
shown in Tables 137 through 151 commonly show Munsell lightness values
from 5 through 8, which suggest no concentrations of carbon (values
of 3 or lower indicate carboliths), often thought to be an indication
of potential toxicity. However, as shown in these tables, some of the
light-colored mudstones already have toxic pH values below 4.0 and
others show potentially toxic acid-base balances (more than 5 t
needed for pH 7.0). The source of acidity is pyrite that can usually
be seen by careful observation with a 10 power hand lens. Moreover,
practical experiences with these light colored mudstones have confirmed
that problems of acid toxicity are common unless favorable materials
are placed on the surface. When these soft mudstones are placed near
the surface they slake and disintegrate quickly, exposing the fine
pyrite crystals to oxidation and formation of acid.
Acid-Base accounting indicates that the problem is similar for partings
between the Weir-Pittsburg and Tebo coals at Power Mine (Tables 139
and 142) and for the parting between the Bevier and the dark nodular
horizon (presumed Hulky) at the Tebo mine (Tables 148 and 151). At
Power Mine, the problem is solved by top placement of materials
upward from the limestone at 6.4 to 6.7 m (21 or 22 ft) (Table 137).
Actually, the clear change from partially toxic to completely non-toxic
occurs at 5.3 m (17.5 ft), where sulphur percentages drop dramatically
(Table 139) and color chromas become consistently 2 or higher (except in
poorly-drained subsoils at 0.9 to 1.5 m (3 to 5 ft). In the case of the
Tebo mine, the mudstones become safe from toxicity at the dark nodular
carbolith horizon (presumed Mulky) where neutralizers increase and pyritic
sulphur decreases, (Tables 148 and 151). Apparently, also, the pyrite
changes to bigger crystals with lower specific surface for oxidation.
Phosphorus fertilization is needed along with nitrogen for quick
establishment of ground covers to prevent erosion. High, phosphorus
indicated by acid extraction should not be interpreted as indicating
that available phosphorus is adequate in these neutral or alkaline
240
-------
materials, although, the. reserve of slowly-available tri-calcium phos-
phates and apatite, known to occur in this part of the geologic section,
may favor long range productivity of minesoils formed from the mudstones.
Results for 4 old minesoils in this Neighborhood, selected to test
predictions of potential toxicity from surface placement of light-
colored mudstone parting materials, are given in Tables 143-145.
Leaching to remove sulphates showed that considerable (55 to 69 per-
cent) of the pyritic sulphur has been oxidized to sulphates during
approximately 10 years (Table 145).
At a companion site in this Neighborhood, the Mulky coal has been mined,
although this coal was not evident at the Tebo or Power Mines. Where
mined, the Mulky occurred about 18.3 m (60 ft) above the Weir-
Pittsburg coal. Its overburden consisted of 9.1 m (30 ft) of
non-calcareous mudstone overlain by a thin, weak sandstone and moder-
ately fine-textured (clay loam) soil with a pH of 5.5. Water in this
pit was slightly alkaline. Detailed sampling and analyses of the
Mulky overburden should be encouraged if further mining of this coal
is planned.
In this entire Neighborhood the overburdens of the several coals as
well as natural soils tend to be fine textured. For this reason it
would be helpful to include all available sandy loam soils and weak
sandstones into new minesoils because medium textured soils have
greater long range potentials than fine textured soils.
Excessive packing of overburdens should be avoided. Materials
represented here are inclined to restrict movement of water, air and
plant roots unless left unpacked.
Diversion terraces and mulches may be needed on long slopes to prevent
erosion and aid quick establishment of ground covers.
NEIGHBORHOOD 12: MIDWAY MINE, BATES COUNTY, MISSOURI AND LINN COUNTY,
KANSAS.
This relatively new mine, of the Mulberry Coal (Howe and Koenig, 1961,
p. 93) of the Ma maton group of the upper Pennsylvanian (possibly the
uppermost mineable coal of Missouri) involves dominantly mudstone
materials that are relatively high in neutralizing capacity throughout
(Tables 152 through 157). The only horizons sampled that showed
toxic acid potentials were the mudstone underlying the coal, the thin
impure coal or bonecoal immediately above and below the coal, and the thin,
discontinuous coal, coal blossom or smut that ranged from 4.6 to 9.1 m
(15 to 30 ft) above the Mulberry coal in the highwall. This thin
smut horizon was rich in pyrite and contained some gypsum. It was
241
-------
potentially toxic from pyrite, but too thin to constitute a
serious problem since abundant neutralizers were present to overwhelm
any developing acid. The mudstone under the coal was not a problem
because it was not being excavated. Its possible use as soil material
was considered but rejected.
Limestone occurred under the soil in the upper middle part of the
section and replaced the calcareous mudstone in the lower part of the
section in part of the pit. This lower limestone was tough, essent-
ially massive for a thickness up to 1.5 m (5 ft), almost white,
and not visibly crystalline. Its appearance was much the same as that
of the much softer calcareous mudstones.
The original soil has a moderately deep 17.8 to 40.6 cm (7 to 16
in) and dark (dry color, lOYH, 5/2) (Tables 152 and 155) surface
horizon of silty clay loam texture. However, it was quite variable
laterally, had a slowly pervious clay subsoil, Bt horizon, and an
underlying thick, fine-textured, claypan horizon with coarse prismatic
structure. The surface horizon, although acid, might be desirable in
the minesoil profile, especially if blended with calcareous mudstone,
but the fine-textured pan and Bt horizons would not be desirable in
the reformed minesoils because of unfavorable physical properties.
Big limestone fragments would restrict uses of the minesoil unless
buried. Importance of such rock fragments would depend upon planned
use of the land. Calcareous mudstone textures, neutral reaction and
fertility would be favorable for forage production. Erosion on long
slopes is serious unless vegetation is established quickly. Locally-
grown hay and straw are an excellent source of mulching materials
for erosion control and quick establishment of ground cover. Incom-
pletely disintegrated mudstone at the surface can aid erosion control
until vegetation takes over. Excessive compaction during grading
can cause low perviousness and high runoff on this kind of material.
Basic reaction and high fertility should help to maintain needed
stands of legumes with grasses. Phosphorus fertilization is likely
needed, although near surface placement of materials testing highest
in phosphorus may be feasible as a possible substitute for adding
fertilizer. Immediate phosphorus availability in this carbonate rich
material should be determined by extraction with alkaline sodium
bicarbonate rather than by acid extraction. It is known that phos-
phatic nodules occur in the Altamont formation above the Amoret
limestone over the Bandera formation (Howe and Koenig 1961. p. 94),
which might contribute to the supply of slowly available phosphorus.
Since neutralizing materials are abundant, any water quality difficulties
can be remedied by retaining pit or minesoil runoff waters in contact
with neutralizing mudstones until all sediments and potential toxins
have time to oxidize, flocculate and precipitate.
242
-------
Tough limestone coarse fragments on the surface may be detrimental to
intended land use. However, it should be recognized that the
calcareous mudstones Csometimes called impure or weakly-cemented lime-
stones) are likely to disintegrate rapidly into the soil textural
particles. Moreover, coarse fragments on the surface help prevent
severe erosion.
Original subsoil from about 0.3 to 1.8 m (1 to 6 ft) deep is generally
not desirable for placement near the minesoil surface because of claypan
or fragipan characteristics, unless blended with calcareous mudstones
occurring deeper in the overburden.
As indicated in Section X, the light brown limestone at 10.7 to 11.6
m (35 to 38 ft) (Table 152) (Probably the Worland member of the
Altamont formation) (Howe and Koenig 1961, p. 94) showed 1000 parts
per million (ppm) of total manganese, most of which proved to be soluble
in hot, 0.25N hydrochloric acid, indicating its likely occurrences
as a carbonate.
This concentration of manganese would be insoluble in near neutral or
alkaline waters; however, slightly milky waters containing finely-
powdered carbonates including manganese could be the source of manganese
determined in waters collected and acidified for water quality analysis.
Such manganese probably occurs in isomorphous substitution with ferrous
iron, either in siderite or in ankerite impurities in the limestone.
It would be essentially insoluble under natural conditions, converting
slowly to the black oxidized forms of manganese dioxide that sometimes
coat weathering rock surfaces and soil peds.
Where the minesoil was excavated and sampled following grading, the fines
were found to be packed more than is ideal for water movement and root
development. The problem of excessive packing is avoided by grading as
much as possible during dry periods and by avoiding grading that is
not essential.
It is important to leave considerable plant residue or animal manure
on new forage stands on minesoils. Light grazing or early clipping
without removal should help to establish desirable re-cycling through
significant plant decay on the ground.
Marine fossils are prominent in certain limestones, mudstones and
shales over the Mulberry coal. Pyrite is common in association with
the fossils. However, where the overburden was sampled, carbonates
were dominant over maximum acidity from pyrite. Even so, it should
be remembered that neutralization capacity can change quickly in
short distances, and that major changes have been noted in similar
marine zones at other locations in Missouri, Illinois and Kentucky.
243
-------
This means that a Neighborhood such as this, where relatively
high pyrite concentrations are known to occur, should be checked in
more detail whenever significant changes are noted in terms of:
1. rock type; 2. rock color; 3. pH of water; 4. composition of
water; 5. fizz reaction of rock or soil in 10% hydrochloric acid.
With distinct fizz reactions, the material is likely to contain at
least 20 t calcium carbonate equivalent per 1000 t of material.
Some general suggestions regarding placement of materials to favor the
particular planned use of the land after mining are given in Section
V, under Criteria for New Soils.
ADJUNCT TO NEIGHBORHOOD 12: SIERRA MINE, MUSKOGEE COUNTY, OKLAHOMA.
We have chosen to consider this sampling location as an Adjunct to
Neighborhood 12 rather than as an additional neighborhood of study.
One reason for this is that we have only visited the mining operation
once rather than two or more times as at most sites. In addition, we
found practically no evidence of acid-toxic problems, but some
similarity of conditions between here and the Midway Mine of Bates
County, Missouri, identified as Neighborhood 12.
We are not attempting to correlate the Stigler Coal, possibly the same
horizon as the McAllister, with coals in Missouri, although it was
suggested that the Stigler may be considered to be in approximately
the same geologic position as the Croweburg (above the Tebo and below
the Bevier formation). Moreover, it has been indicated (Searight 1953
as cited by Smith 1961) that the Croweburg may be correlative with the
remarkably persistent #2 Coal of Illinois.
One interesting point of similarity of the Sierra Mine and the Midway
Mine is the presence of non-fissile (massive or blocky) mudstone
immediately on top of the coal at both locations. The coal itself is
acid but mudstones and shales (fissile) are neutral or alkaline all
the way to the base of soil material (Tables 158-163).
At site II (Table 161) the undisturbed soil contained sandstone fragments
and was relatively shallow over mudstone, but at site I (Table 158)
the unconsolidated soil material was extraordinarily deep and contained
a thick fragipan. At this point the depth of unstratified, medium
textured material evidently represented geologic colluvium of uncertain
source.
Two, 25 year old revegetated, woodland minesoil profiles were examined
in detail where exposed by recent road improvement. These profiles
were neutral or alkaline, consisted of a broad mixture of disordered
mudstone and shales, and displayed excellent, deep tree root develop-
244
-------
ment continuing down below 1.8 m C6 ft}. Trees planted for reclamation
were yellow pines, but in-tifo.fl hardwoods including black walnut were
vigorous invaders.
Outstanding tree root development observed probably is related to the
fact that spoil was not graded and smoothed and therefore was not
compacted excessively before planting. As shown by early research
(Chapman 1967), trees perform best on unpacked materials.
245
-------
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Table 122. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE MULKY AND WHEELER -BEVIER
COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
BEE VEER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TEN
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
27
28
29
30
Depth
(feet)
0.0-22.0
22.0-25.0
25.0-27.3
27.3-29.6
29.6-32.0
32. 0-31*. 3
31*. 3-36. 7
36.7-39.0
39.0-39.7
39.7-1*2.7
1*2.7-1*3-2
2*3.2-1*3-7
1*3. 7-1*1*. 7
1*1*. 7-U6. 7
1*6.7-1*8.7
1*8.7-50.7
50.7-52.2
52.2-55-1*
55. U- 58. 6
58.6-61.9
61.9-65.1
65.1-69.3
69.3-70.6
70.6-71-9
71.9-73.2
73.2-75-0
75.0-77-1*
77.U-79-8
79.8-82.2
82. 2-8U. 6
8U. 6-87.0
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
OW
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH/gyp
SH/gyp
Gyp
LS
Carl/gyp
Garb
SKYVIEN COAL
SH
SH
SH
LS
MS
MS
MS
MS /gyp
LS
SH
Garb
Garb
MULKY COAL
MS-I
MS
MS
MS
Garb
Color
5Y 8/1
2.5Y 8/1*
5Y 7/3
2.5Y 7/2
10YR 7/1
10YR 7/3
H 7/0
2.5Y 6/2
10YR 8/1
10YR 3/1
10YR 3/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 8/1
5Y 8/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 8/1
10YR 5/1
N 3/0
5YR 2/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
5YR 2/1
Water
Slaking
10
8
6
1*
It
1
1*
0
0
0
0
10
10
8
0
10
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
6
0
WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
248
-------
Table 123- CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE MULKY AND WHEELER-BEVIER
COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
BEE VEER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TEN
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
26
27
28
29
30
PH
(paste)
6.8
6.0
U.2
3.8
3.7
3.2
2.7
U.7
7.5
7.3
7.1
SKYVIEN
7.2
8.1
8.U
8.1*
8.3
8.3
7.9
7.7
7-7
7.2
3.U
5-5
MULKY
8.0
9.0
7.9
7.9
6.1
PH
91:1)
6.6
6.3
U.2
3.8
3.7
3.2
2.8
U.9
7.7
7.3
7.0
COAL
5.0
8.5
8.6
8.U
8.2
8.6
7.9
7.7
8.0
U.8
COAL
8.2
9.0
7.6
7.7
U.8
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
0
0.5
3.5
6.5
7.0
8.5
10.0
1.5
0
0
0
2.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0
0
0
0
0.5
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.
11U
lU7
179
218
280
280
U2
35
92
U80
Uoo
602
507
557
332
U7U
535
U6U
U8o
71
60
380
U53
312
380
60
Ca
) (Ibs.)
6UO
22k
1200
880
960
5760
U320
7360
11360
9920
10520
3UUO
5280
7920
66UO
9280
9UUO
9120
8U80
10560
11200
9760
7600
10560
9600
12U80
Mg
(Ibs.)
216
lUi6
912
68U
588
86U
1392
1776
156
972
900
110U
720
92k
2112
792
6k8
62U
600
lUU
156
672
U68
360
U80
132
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.) (Ibs.)
85
103
77
85
91
52
kl
29k G
2k
k2
123
360
37
1*3
35
UO
38
3k
3k
21
2k
29
32
25
26
19
2. It
16.6
U7.2
30.8
23.6
2.1*
U.8
U.8
2.U
U.8
16.6
U.8
2.U
2.U
U.8
2.U
2.U
2.U
U.8
2.U
2.U
86.8
lU.3
2.U
2.U
1.2
2.U
2.U
WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
249
-------
Table 12**. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE MULKY AND WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
BEE VEER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TEN
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
26
27
28
29
30
Value
and
Chroma
8/1
8/U
7/3
7/2
7/1
7/3
7/0
6/2
8/1
3/1
3/1
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1*
1
1
%B
.020
.005
.01*0
.075
.155
.575
3,500
10.650
.235
1.700
1.276
Maximum
(from %S)
.62
.16
1.25
2.3U
U.8U
U.22
78.13
96.88
7-3U
1*6.88
39.87
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaCo3
7.56
6.82
2.06
1.08
.07
- U.U2
- 17.61*
3U.03
921. Us
71.78
1*2.50
1.26
U.77
8.6U
95.77
62.85
6.9U
6.66
.81
91U.09
2U.90
2.63
SKYVIEN COAL
7/1
8/1
8/1
8/0
8/0
7/1
7/1
7/1
8/1
5/1
3/0
2/1
MULKY
8/0
8/0
8/0
8/0
2/1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
3
0
0
0
1.025
.955
.955
.1*20
1.765
1.020
.815
1.520
.230
1.300
.975
3.500
32.03
29- 81*
29. 8U
13.12
55.16
31.87
25. U7
U7.50
7.19
Uo.62
30.1*6
109.37
9.31
107.35
107.35
2U1.2U
156. U8
78.53
81.02
62. 5U
89U.35
6.82
16.30
17-30
22.72
33.80
lit. 16
92.07
77-51
77-51
228.12
101.32
1*6.66
55-55
15. OU
887.16
COAL
3
3
3
3
0
1.075
.850
1.350
1.080
3.350
33.59
26.56
U2.19
33.75
10U.69
2U8. OU
127.10
196.61
137.61
lU.76
89.93
21U.U5
100. 5U
15U.U2
103.86
WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
250
-------
Table 125. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE MULKY AND WHEELER-BEVIER
COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S BEE VEER MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TEN, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
It
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
Depth
(feet)
0.0-5.0
5.0-7.5
7-5-10.0
10.0-12.5
12.5-13.0
13.0-16.0
16.0-17.0
17.0-18.0
18.0-20.3
20.3-22.6
22.6-2U. 9
2U.9-27.2
27.2-29.5
29.5-31.8
31.8-3U.1
3l*. 1-36.1*
36.U-39-1*
39.^1.7
1*1. 7-M*. 0
1*1*. 0-1*7.0
1*7.0- 1*9.!+
1*9.1*-51.8
51. 8-5!*. 2
51*. 2-56. 6
56.6-59.0
WHEELER-BEVIER
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
SH
SH/gyp
SH/gyp
Gyp
LS
Carb
SKYVIEN COAL
SH
SH
SH-I
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
LS
Carb
Carb
MULKY COAL
MS
MS
MS
MS
Carb
COAL
Color
10YR 5/1
2.5Y 6/2
5Y 6/1*
5Y 6/3
5Y 7/1
5Y 3/1
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
N 7/0
N 7/0
N 8/0
N 3/0
10YR 3/1
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
N 8/0
5 YR 2/1
Water
Slaking
1
1
2
0
1
0
10
10
1
0
8
3
2
1*
0
0
0
5
2
6
1
0
251
-------
Table 126. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE MULKY AND WHEELER-BEVIER
COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S BEE VEER MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TEN, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
Lime
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
Require-
pH pH ment K
(paste) (1:1) (tons) (ibs.;
U.I
3.8
3.9
6.8
7A
7.0
SKYVIEN
7.8
7.7
8.2
8.3
7.9
8.2
7.8
7.8
8.0
3.3
6.8
U.2
1*.0
l*.l
6.7
7.2
5.6
COAL
6.3
8.0
8.H
8.3
8.0
8.3
7.9
7-7
7.9
3.2
7.0
U.5
6.5
6.0
0
0
0.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.0
0
21*7
198
222
98
117
395
1*27
512
317
298
502
535
518
512
307
332
353
Ca
\ (Ibs.)
1*00
3680
1280
110UO
121*80
7600
10720
661*0
8000
7200
1*61*0
11520
101*00
101*00
118UO
501*0
10880
Mg
(Ibs.)
192
U20
1*08
372
312
1728
2208
1020
1008
2088
756
756
696
816
600
1536
1056
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(ibs.) (Ibs.)
75
80
5U
21*
21*
128
21*
38
31
31
91
38
32
31*
1*0
385
256
32.0
U.5
2.2
6.7
6.7
U.5
2.2
2.2
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
2.2
2.2
11.0
17.6
MULKY COAL
8.5
8.6
9.0
8.5
2.8
8.8
8.5
8.8
8.2
2.8
0
0
0
0
7.0
1*90
502
1*1*2
317
69
8320
8800
281*0
5080
10720
600
51*0
180
276
180
U5
37
38
31
385M
2.U
2.1*
2.1*
0.5
0.5
WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
252
-------
12J. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE MULKY .AND WHEELER-BEVTER COAL
OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S BEE VEER MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TEN, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21*
Value
and
Chroma
5/1
6/2
6/U
6/3
7/1
3/1
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
0
1
1*
3
2
*s
.095
<675
1.680
6.1sOO
1.175
1.100
Maximum
(from %S)
2.97
12.66
68.75
31.69
36.72
3l*. 37
Amount
Present
- 3.23
- 2.99
- 2.99
1*1*1.1*1*
716.1*0
1*3.73
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaCOs
6.20
8.1*6
1*2.99
1*29.25
679.68
9.36
SKYVIEN COAL
7/0
7/1
7/0
7/0
7/1
7/0
7/0
7/0
8/0
3/0
3/1
MULKY
7/1
8/0
8/0
8/0
2/1
WHEELER -BEVIER
3
3
3
2
1
2
2
3
i*
1
0
COAL
3
3
3
U
0
COAL
1.060
l.ll*0
• 515
.805
1.650
1.550
.850
1.625
.500
.850
1.575
.600
.850
.675
• 955
5.500
33.12
35.62
16.09
25.16
51.56
1*8.M*
26.56
50.78
15.62
26.56
1*9.22
18.75
26.56
21.09
29.8U
171.87
120.68
115.55
21*9.19
92.95
1*3.71
76.53
79-31
7*1.51
500.1*3
3.58
1*0.16
96.70
2UU. 96
151.3!*
1*87.73
- 1.1*8
87.56
79-93
233.10
67.79
7.85
28.09
52.75
23.73
1*81*. 81
22.98
9.06
77.95
218.1*0
130.25
1*57.89
173-35
253
-------
Table 128. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WHEELER-BEVIER OVERBURDEN
AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S PRAIRIE HILL MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TEN
Sample
No.
Bt
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
Depth
(feet)
2.0
5.0-10.0
10.0-15-0
15.0-19.0
19.0-22.0
22.0-23.0
23.0-2U.O
2U.O-2U.7
2U. 7-27-0
27.0-31.0
31.3-33.5
33.5-36.0
36.0-37.5
37.5-1*0.0
1*0.0-1*1.5
1*1.5-1*^.5
1*1*. 5-1*6.0
1*6.0-1*8.5
1*8.5-51-5
51. 5-5^.5
51*. 5-57. 5
57.5-60.5
60.5-63.5
63.5-66.6
Rock
Type
Soil
MR
MR
MR/gyp
LS
Carb
Garb
Coal
SH
MS
LS
MR
MR
LS
Carb
Carb
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
SH
WHEELER-BEVIER
Color
10YR 5/6
2.5Y 7/8
5Y 7/3
5Y 6/1
2.5Y 7/2
5Y 2/1
5Y 2/1
N 2/0
10YR 5/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 8/1
5Y 3/1
5Y 2/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/1
COAL
Water
Slaking
10
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
10
10
0
1
1
0
2
3
10
3
1
1
1
1
1
254
-------
Table 129. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
OVERBURDEN AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S PRAIRIE HILL MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TEN
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
Bt
1
2
3
U
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
1U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
pH
(paste)
5-2
6.5
5-7
5.9
7-5
5-9
6.U
5.3
7.0
7-5
8.0
7.6
7.5
8.0
6.1
5-9
7.5
7-6
7.2
7.1»
6.2
5-6
6.7
WHEELER-BEVIER
PH
(1:1)
5.0
6.1
5.8
5.6
7.6
7.0
6.1;
U. 8
6.0
7.3
7.9
7-5
7.5
7.9
6.U
6.1
7-5
7.6
7.1
7.U
6.5
5.7
6.6
COAL
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
1.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
0
0
0.5
5.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs. )
lU7
13U
109
Ul6
78
353
125
55
608
1*53
28U
U37
U59
87
690
U6U
U53
307
198
302
28U
U05
1+90
Ca
(ibs. )
2U80
2U80
1200
5120
12320
9920
9280
8U80
1520
10UOO
7520
15200
6560
U2UO
2080
3200
2160
3120
18UO
7200
2160
1200
lit 1*0
Mg
(ibs. )
672
SOU
92k
1320
180
1632
582
6U8
288
1296
5Uo
12U8
588
U8
732
828
20U
612
180
1560
50U
26U
396
B
P
(ibs. )
80
111
88
385G
U5
360
29
37
372
5U
31
32
38
23
17 U
192
5^
35
256
3
385G
385G
385G
i carbonate
Extracted
P
(ibs.)
U.3
17.2
12.9
U.3
6.U
lU.l
2.2
3.2
It. 3
2.2
U.3
3.2
2.2
U.3
5.U
8.6
U.3
U.3
3.2
2.2
8.6
6.U
U.3
255
-------
Table 130. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE WHEELER-BEVIER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S PRAIRIE HILL MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TEN
Sample
No.
Bt
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Value
and
Chroma
5/6
7/8
7/3
6/1
7/2
2/1
2/1
2/0
5/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
6/1
8/1
3/1
2/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
6/1
5/1
WHEELER-BEVIER
Tons CaCOs Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
0
0
0
5
1
2
0
0
2
3
3
2
5
0
0
1
3
1
0
0
0
0
COAL
Maximum
%S (from %S)
.005
.010
.005
1.390
.200
1.1*50
2.750
1.600
1.31*0
1.160
.670
.655
.820
.030
.500
.375
.235
.21*0
.390
.285
.1*20
1.050
.31*0
.16
.31
.16
38. UU
6.25
1*5.31
85. 9>*
50.00
1*1.88
36.25
20.91*
20.U7
25.62
.91*
15.62
11.72
7.31*
7.50
12.19
8.91
13.12
32.81
10.62
Amount
Present
I*.l6
6.13
2.1*5
12.25
922.87
157.90
8U. 75
21.07
8.82
11*1.26
652.09
160.1*8
93.65
962.73
8.56
33.06
36.75
269.61
9-55
5.63
9.07
I*.l6
7.60
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
26.19
1.19
28.93
33-06
7.06
2.61*
3.28
1*.05
28.65
3.02
i*.oo
5.82
2.29
916.62
112.59
105.01
631.15
ll*0.01
68.03
961.79
21.31*
29.1*1
262.11
256
-------
Table 131. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
OVERBURDEN AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S PRAIRIE HILL MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TEN, COLUMN TWO
Sample Depth Rock Water
No. (feet) Type Color Slaking
Bt 2.0 Soil 10YR 5/6 10
1 5-0-11.7 TILL 2.5Y 7 A 6
2 11.7-18.k TILL 2.5Y 7 A 5
3 18.&-25.0 TILL 2.5Y 7 A 6
U 25.0-28.5 LS 5Y 7/1 0
5 28.5-30.0 Carl) 5Y 3/1 0
6 30.0-31.0 Garb N 2/0 0
7 31.0-31.5 Coal N 2/0 o
8 31-5-32.0 Garb N 2/0 0
9 32.0-33.0 MR 5Y 5/1 10
33.0-73.0 NOT SAMPLED
73.0-76.1 WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
257
-------
Table 132. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
OVERBURDEN AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S PRAIRIE HILL MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TEN, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
Bt
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
PH
(paste)
5-2
7.U
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.0
7.0
6.3
6.k
2.5
PH
(1:1)
5.1
7.2
7.U
7.6
7-7
7-3
7-1
6.5
7.0
2.7
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
2.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
1^5
1U5
1U5
lU2
67
179
266
U9
M
718
Ca
(Ibs.)
181*0
5kkO
8800
1*200
5520
5200
5^1*0
2800
3920
1800
Mg
(Ibs. )
501*
klk
68k
288
8k
20k
1*80
60
72
552
Bicarbonate
P
(Ibs.)
115
k2
38
Uo
2k
31
^7
18
17
80
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
5.U
U.3
k.3
k.3
k.3
3.2
3.2
2.2
3.2
k.3
WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
258
-------
Table 133. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE WHEELER-BEVIER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S PRAIRIE HILL MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD TEN, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
Bt
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
Value
and
Chroma
5/6
7A
7A
7A
7/1
3/1
2/0
2/0
2/0
5/1
Fiz
1
3
3
It
5
5
1
1
0
0
%s
.015
.065
.oUo
.030
.195
3.150
.750
2.030
2.030
l.UlO
Tons CaC03
Maximum
(from %S)
.1*7
2.03
1.25
.9k
6.09
98. kk
23. it ^
63. U it
63. UU
It It. 06
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount Maximum
Present Needed (pH 7)
1.79
136.61
139- 8 It
136. Ik
971.37
298. 6k
36.02
61.50 1.91*
10.5k 52.90
- 3.68 kj.Jk
Excess
CaC03
1.32
13U.58
138.59
135.80
965.28
200.20
12.58
WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
259
-------
Table IS**. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
OVERBURDEN AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S MARK TWAIN MINE, ADJUNCT
TO NEIGHBORHOOD TEN
Sample
No.
Al
Bt
Rock
C
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Depth
(feet)
0.0-0.8
0.8-2.3
1.0-2.0
2.3-3.0
3.0-1*.0
h. 0-6.0
6.0-8.0
8.0-11.0
11.0-lU.O
ll*. 0-17.0
17.0-20.0
20.0-23.0
23.0-26.0
26.0-29.0
29.0-30.0
30.0-32.0
32.0-35-0
35.0-38.0
38.0-1*0.0
1*0.0-1*2.0
i*2.0-l*l*.o
M*. 0-1*5-0
1*5.0-1*7.0
1*7.0-1*9.0
1*9.0-52.0
52.0-62.0
62.0+
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
LS
Soil
MS
MS
MS-I
MS
SH
MR
SH
MS
LS
MS
SUMMIT COAL
MS
MS
MS
LS
MS
MS
MR
MS
MS
MS
MR
Color
10YR l*/3
10YR 5A
10YR 8/2
10YR 5/6
2.5Y 7/1
2.5Y 7/6
2.5Y 8/6
5Y 7/1
2.5YR 5/2
2.5YR 5A
2.5YR l*/2
N 7/0
2.5Y 8/2
5Y 5/1
N 7/0
2.5Y 7/2
5Y 7/1
5Y 8/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 1*/1
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
N 8/0
NOT SAMPLED
Water
Slaking
-
-
—
—
5
1
5
1
1
1
3
0
U
10
3
10
0
2
1*
2
7
3
3
WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
260
-------
Table 135. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WHEELER-BEVTER COAL
OVERBURDEN AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S MARK TWAIN,
ADJUNCT TO NEIGHBORHOOD TEN
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
A!
Bt
Rock
C
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
PH
(paste )
6.2
6.3
7.6
7.1
7.2
7-7
7.8
5.6
6.2
6.9
7.1
7.1*
7.3
7.8
SUMMIT
5.0
6.0
6.5
7-5
7.6
6.0
6.9
6.9
7.0
6.8
PH
(1:1)
6.7
6.7
7.9
7.6
7.7
7-7
7.6
2.5
5.0
7.2
7-5
7.5
7.U
7.1
COAL
2.9
5-7
7.5
7-9
7-7
U.2
6.6
5.1
7.6
7.3
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.0
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
5.0
3.0
0
0
0
2.0
0
1.0
0
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
3U8
171
53
89
98
131
136
106
380
569
557
512
lU2
U32
UlO
293
Wo
226
Uoo
480
U59
811
U05
U85
Ca
(Ibs.)
7920
6800
11680
9600
8160
11360
11360
2320
2800
30UO
2080
26UO
12160
10720
70UO
10UOO
8960
11520
10880
6960
11200
30UO
2080
1600
Mg
(Ibs.)
U56
192
60
132
372
1*56
U92
2l*00
86U
1032
720
7UU
300
1032
612
600
81*0
360
828
972
816
1020
Qko
780
Bicarbonate
P
(Ibs.)
137
183
23
167
65
31
26
29%
67
3^2
119
132
25
32
91
U5
31*
22
29
360
360
3^2
97
183
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
15.6
2.2
2.2
1.1
2.2
U.5
J*.5
27.2
6.8
1.1
2.2
U.5
6.8
2.2
3U.2
128.0
4.5
3.U
2.2
5l«. 6
27.2
3.U
2.2
2.2
WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
261
-------
Table 136. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE WHEELER-BEVIER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S MARK TWAIN MINE, ADJUNCT TO NEIGHBORHOOD TEN
Sample
No.
Al
Bt
Rock
C
1
2
3
1;
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
Value
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
and
Chroma Fiz %S
V3
5A
8/2
5/6
7/1
7/6
8/6
7/1
5/2
5A
l*/2
7/0
8/2
5/1
SUMMIT
7/0
7/2
7/1
8/1
7/1
7/1
5/1
7/1
8/0
8/0
0
0
5
1
1
5
5
0 9.
0
0
0
0
5
3
COAL
0
2 2.
3
5
3 1.
0
2
0 1.
0
0
020
020
010
020
025
010
080
500
230
025
010
110
080
1*60
730
820
930
300
oi*o
890
590
380
360
175
Maximum
(from Jfe)
.62
.62
.31
.62
.78
.31
2.50
296.88
7.19
.78
.31
3.1*1*
2.50
1^. 38
22.81
88.12
29.06
9-38
32.50
27.81
l8.lv!*
U3.12
11.25
5.U7
Amount
Present
11.25
12.00
965.25
27.75
28.50
693.00
779.62
- 13.70
1.50
5.65
5.17
19.62
796.95
73.01
- 5.85
16.20
20U. 19
75U.87
236.73
2.72
59.57
3.70
3.70
1*.1T
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaCO^
10.63
11.38
96k. 9k
27.13
27.72
692.69
777-12
310.58
5.69
It. 87
U.86
16.18
79U.U5
58.63
28.66
71-92
175.13
7^5.1*9
20U.23
25-09
Ul.13
39.1*2
7-55
1.30
WHEELER-BEVIER COAL
262
-------
Table 1ST. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE TEBO AND WEIR-PITTSBURG
COAL OVERBURDENS AT THE PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
POWER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Sample
No.
Cl
c2
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
IT
18
19
20
Depth
(feet)
3.0- U.O
4.0- 5.0
5.0- 8.0
8. 0-10. T
10.7-13.3
13.3-15-9
15.9-17.3
17.3-18.7
18.7-20.1
20.1-21.5
21.5-22.5
22.5-24.5
24.5-26.5
26.5-28.2
28.2-30.4
30.4-32.6
32.6-34.8
34.8-37.0
37.0-39.3
39.3-41.5
41.5-43.7
43.7-45.2
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
MS
MR
MR
SH
SS
SS
LS
Carb.
SH-I
TEBO COAL
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
Color
N 7/0
5Y 8/1
5Y 7/3
5Y 7/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
10YR 5/2
5Y 5/1
N 4/0
5Y 7/1
N 2/0
N 4/0
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 5/1
N 5.0
Water
Slaking
9
2
6
1
2
1
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
10
4
-
9
2
2
2
WEIR-PITTSBURGH COAL
263
-------
Table 138. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE TEBO AND WEIR-PITTSBURG
COAL OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S POWER MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
Cl
C2
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11*
15
16
17
18
19
20
Lime
Require-
pH pH raent
(paste) (1:1) (tons)
6.9
6.9
7.5
7.1
7.1
7-7
7.6
6.7
7-5
7.1*
7.5
6.8
5.2
TEBO
2.9
7.5
U.8
7.7
7.U
3.3
U.6
6.8
7.0
7.3
7.0
7.1
7.6
7.U
6.U
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.0
6.6
COAL
3.0
7.7
5.0
7.8
7.5
7.1
2.7
WEIR-PITTSBURGH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
5.5
0
1.0
0
0
0
7.0
COAL
K
(Ibs.;
1U2
191
153
195
307
103
136
302
»»53
51*0
81
571*
696
521*
836
1*1*8
507
755
518
275
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
Ca Mg
) (Ibs.) (Ibs.)
1*61*0
1*080
1*720
2520
1*1*80
10720
1*320
2960
2800
1*160
12U80
2360
5360
1*160
30UO
261*0
2360
2880
1*680
5U80
1092
1272
801*
891*
1392
59U
528
1020
792
1128
lUU
1062
11*16
828
68U
1*1*1*
1*32
552
708
720
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.) (Ibs.)
17U
159
372
320
372
31
77
192
2l*6G
372G
2U
ll*2
291*
159
159
171*
238
167
300G
360G
6.7
U.5
2.2
U.5
U.5
2.2
2.2
22.0
6.7
1*.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
U.5
2.2
U.5
U.5
22.0
264
-------
Table 139 ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE TEBO AND WEIR-PITTSBURG COAL
OVERBURDENS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S POWER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Sample
No.
Cl
C2
1
2
3
1*
5
6
T
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
IT
18
19
20
Value
and
Chroma
7/0
8/1
7/3
7/2
6/2
7/2
7/2
5/2
5/1
fc/0
7/1
2/0
Vo
TEBO
7/1
6/1
6/1
7/1
6/1
5/1
5/0
Tons CaC03
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
U
0
0
COAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
%S (from Jfc)
.055
.035
.020
.010
.030
.020
.010
.1*10
.250
.925
.525
1.700
1.500
2.175
.1*1*5
2.900
.220
.135
.300
1.950
1.72
1.09
.62
.31
.91*
.62
.31
12.81
7.81
28.91
16. In
53.12
146.87
67.97
13.91
90.62
6.87
It. 22
9.37
60. 9k
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
6.31
4.56
7.56
5.57
7.32
70.70
6.58
U.32
22.03
9-31
7^6.73
35.02
lU.30
3.82
1*.08
2.33
5.33
3.58
21.05
5.06
8.1*9
19.60
18.10
32.57
64.15
9.83
88.29
1.5U
.61*
55.88
1*.59
3.^7
6.91*
5.26
6.38
70.08
6.27
lit. 22
730.32
11.68
WEIR-PITTSBURGH COAL
265
-------
Table
PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OVERBURDEN BETWEEN THE TEBO
AND WEIR-PITTSBURG COALS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
POWER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
Depth
(feet)
Rock
Type
Water
Color Slaking
TEBO COAL
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
0.0-28.0
28.0-29.6
29.6-31.2
31.2-32.8
32.8-31*. k
3^-36.0
36.0-37.6
37.6-39.2
39.2-1*0.8
NOT SAMPLED
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
SH
SH
Garb.
N 7/0
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
N 8/0
5Y 5/1
5Y 4/1
10YR 3/1
10
10
5
6
1
2
1
0
WEIR-PITTSBURG COAL
266
-------
Table lUl. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE OVERBURDEN BETWEEN THE TEBO
AND WEIR-PITTSBURG COALS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
POWER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
PH
(paste)
Lime
Require-
pH ment
(1:1) (tons)
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.
Ca
Mg
(Ibs.)
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.) (Ibs.)
TEBO COAL
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
5.2
7.8
2.3
2.6
7.9
7-9
6.7
2.1
7.8
5.8
2.5
2.8
8.0
8.0
6.9
2.1*
0
0.5
7-5
7.0
0
0
0
7.5
552
761
327
563
61*1
729
685
150
20000
2560
221*0
Uoi*o
1760
1800
1*720
21*1*0
708
900
852
ll*88
861*
780
792
lll*0
216
31*2
17l*
291*
80
111
385
80
3.2
6.1*
28.0
255.6
1*.3
3.2
5.1*
10.8
WEIR-PITTSBURGH COAL
267
-------
Table I1* 2. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE OVERBURDEN BETWEEN THE TEBO AND
WEIR-PITTSBURG COALS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
POWER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN, COLUMN TWO
Value
Sample and
No. Chroma
Fiz %S
Tons CaCOg Equivalent/Thousand Tons Material
Maximum Amount Maximum Excess
(from $S) Present Needed (pH 7)
TEBO COAL
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
7/0
6/1
7/1
6/1
8/0
5/1
U/l
3/1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
4.100
1.600
U.625
1.225
.155
.095
.850
1.775
128.12
50.00
1UU.53
38.28
U.8U
2.97
26.56
55. VT
2.28
5.27
- 1.98
M8
18.77
3.53
5.27
2.77
125. 8U
UK 73
1U6.51
33.50
21.29
52.70
13.93
.56
WEIR-PITTSBURGH COAL
268
-------
Table 3.1+3. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE MINESOIL RESULTING FROM THE
MINING OF THE TEBO AND WEIR-PITTSBURG COALS AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
POWER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Sample Depth Rock Water
No. (feet) Type Color Slaking
1-1 surface Soil 5Y 7/1 8
1-2 0.8 Soil 5Y 6/1 10
2-1 surface Soil 5Y 7/1 9
2-2 0.8 Soil 5Y 8/2 7
3-1 surface Soil 5Y 7/1 9
3-2 0.8 soil 5Y 6/1 8
U-l surface Soil 5Y 7/1 8
U-2 0.8 Soil 5Y 6/1 6
269
-------
Table iM. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE MINESOIL RESULTING FROM
THE MINING OF THE TEBO AND WEIR-PITTSBURG COALS AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S POWER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
3-1
3-2
U-l
l*-2
pH
(paste )
2.6
2.3
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.3
3.0
2.6
pH
(1:1)
2.9
2.1*
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.U
3.0
2.6
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons )
7.0
9.5
7.5
5.5
lK5
12.5
7.0
7.0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
73
89
ll*5
230
160
183
131
21*7
Ca
(Ibs.)
1*320
5280
2800
5200
2080
1*61*0
6720
5760
Mg
(Ibs.)
1*32
564
282
2112
156
1920
72
31*8
Bicarbonate
P
(Ibs.)
200
111
56
77
75
21*6
192
rrfc
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
62.8
67.0
9.6
H3.2
23.8
301.6
301*. 0
270
-------
Table lU5. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE MINESOIL RESULTING FROM THE MINING
OF THE TEBO AND WEIR-PITTSBURG COAL AT PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S
POWER MINE, NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Sample
No.
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
3-1
3-2
U-l
U-2
Value
and
Chroma
7/1
6/1
7/1
8/2
7/1
6/1
7/1
6/1
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
%s
2.025
1.200
1.550
1.375
.625
1.350
1.125
.950
Tons
CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Maximum Amount Maximum Excess
(from %S) Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
63.
37.
U8.
U2.
19-
U2.
35.
29-
28
50
UU
97
53
19
16
69
AFTER LEACHING TO
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
3-1
3-2
U-l
U-2
7/1
6/1
7/1
8/2
7/1
6/1
7/1
6/1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.625
.Uoo
.625
.565
.275
.500
.U25
.U25
19-
12.
19.
17.
8.
15-
13.
13.
53
50
53
66
59
63
28
28
- 8
- 11
- U
- 5
- 5
- 20
1
- 6
REMOVE
- 8
- 11
- U
- 5
- 5
- 20
1
- 6
.90
.16
• 92
.U2
.1*2
.UO
.32
.91
SULPHATES
.90
.16
.92
.U2
,U2
.UO
.32
.91
72.
U8.
53.
U8.
2U.
62.
33-
36.
27.
23.
2U.
23.
Ik.
36.
12.
20.
18
66
36
39
95
59
8U
60
U3
66
U5
08
01
03
96
19
271
-------
Table I1*6. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE BEVIER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S TEBO MINE (PIT 1050B),
NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Sample
No.
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
BEVIER COAL
Depth
(feet)
0.0-28.5
28.5-29.5
29.5-30.5
30.5-31.5
31.5-32.5
32.5-33.5
33.5-3U.5
3^.5-35.5
35.5-36.5
36.5-37.5
37-5-38.5
Rock
Type
NOT SAMPLED
Car"b.
Carb.
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
Color
N 3/0
N 3/0
N 7/0
N 7/0
N 7/0
N 6/0
N 6/0
N 6/0
N 6/0
N 5/0
Water
Slaking
0
0
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
272
-------
Table 147. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE BEVIER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S TEBO MINE (PIT 1050B),
NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
PH
PH
(paste)(l:l)
6.9
7-1
3.5
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.7
7.0
7.2
3.9
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
0
0
3.0
6.5
5-5
5.5
7-5
5.5
7-0
7.0
Acid Extracted
K
Ca
(Ibs.) (Ibs.)
343
437
405
156
136
238
111
183
111
87
10880
9120
4880
5200
3760
3680
3840
3440
3600
4240
Mg
(Ibs.)
564
1056
588
780
672
528
684
588
720
804
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.)
77
372
372G
342G
360G
360G
246G
294G
200G
200G
(Ibs.)
2.2
4.5
5.5
8.9
5-5
1.1
6.7
20.0
14.3
8.9
BEVIER COAL
273
-------
i48. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE BEVIER COAL OVERBURDEN AT PEABODY
COAL COMPANY'S TEBO MINE (PIT 1050B),
NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Value
and
Chroma
3/0
3/0
7/0
7/0
7/0
6/0
6/0
6/0
6/0
5/0
Tons CaC03
Maximum
Fiz %
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.
1.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
5.
S (from %S)
450
600
400
475
625
875
300
525
575
050
45
50
106
77
82
89
71
78
80
157
.31
.00
.25
.34
.03
.84
.87
.91
.47
.81
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
100.
30.
5.
4.
2.
3.
2.
2.
0.
3.
62
15
02
27
02
76
78
78
51
03
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
19.
101.
73.
80.
86.
69.
76.
79.
154.
55.31
85
23
07
01
08
09
13
96
78
BEVIER COAL
274
-------
Table 1^9- PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE BEVIER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S TEBO MINE
(PIT 5560), NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Sample
No.
Depth
(feet)
Rock
Type
Water
Color Slaking
0.0-10.0 NOT SAMPLED
1 10.0-11.0 Garb. N 3/0 0
2 11.0-12.0 Carb. N 2/0 0
3 12.0-13.0 Carb. N 2/0 0
k 13.0-lU.O MS N 5/0 1
5 14.0-15.0 MS N 6/0 6
6 15.0-16.0 MS N 6/0 6
7 16.0-1T.O MS N 6/0 7
8 17.0-18.0 MS N 6/0 2
9 18.0-19.0 MS N 6/0 2
10 19.0-20.0 MS N 6/0 1
20.0-22.5 BEVIER COAL
11 22.5+ MS 5Y 6/1 6
275
-------
Table 150. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE BEVIER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
PEABODY COAL COMPANY'S TEBO MINE
(PIT 5560), NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
PH
Lime
Require-
pH ment
(paste)(l:l)
6.7
7-0
7-2
7.1
6.5
3.4
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.2
BEVIER
5-6
7.1
7.1*
7.4
7.2
6.5
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.1
2.8
COAL
7.2
(tons)
0
0
0
0
0
5-0
6.0
4.5
5-5
6.0
0
Acid Extracted
K
Ca
Mg
(lbs.)(lbs.) (Ibs.)
359
432
390
275
312
75
62
62
120
75
369
10400
9920
9600
10720
9600
4240
3680
3520
2960
2560
1200
1032
81*0
744
468
732
1080
1140
1080
948
1032
312
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.)
35
308
216
27
342
342
372
360
372
308
159
(Ibs.)
7.8
4.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
3.4
2.2
5.5
2.2
11.0
276
-------
Table 151. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE BEVIER COAL OVERBURDEN AT PEABODY
COAL COMPANY'S TEBO MINE (PIT 5560),
NEIGHBORHOOD ELEVEN
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Value
and
Chroma
3/0
2/0
2/0
5/0
6/0
6/0
6/0
6/0
6/0
6/0
BEVIER
6/1
Tons CaC00
Fiz
3
2
2
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
COAL
0
Maximum
%B (from Jfe)
1
2
1
3
2
2
2
2
1
3
.850
.4oo
.850
.500
.100
.300
.475
.875
.600
.650
• 975
57.
75.
57-
109.
65.
71.
77-
89.
50.
114.
30.
81
00
81
37
62
87
34
84
00
06
^7
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount
Present
167
68
78
186
16
- l
- 1
- 1
1
- 1
2
.31
.83
.38
.15
.08
.01
.77
.01
.01
• 77
.78
Maximum Excess
Needed (pH 7) CaC03
6
^9
72
79
90
48
115
27
.17
.54
.88
.11
.85
.99
.83
.69
109.50
20.57
76.78
277
-------
Table 152. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE MULBERRY COAL OVERBURDEN AT
THE PITTSBURG- MIDWAY COAL COMPANY'S MIDWAY MINE
NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE
Sample
No.
Ap
Bt
Bx
C
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
Depth
(feet)
o.o- 0.7
0.7- 2.7
2.7- 1*.3
U.3- 7.3
7-3-10.3
10.3-13.3
13.3-16.3
16.3-19.3
19.3-19.5
19.5-20.0
20.0-20.3
20.3-23.3
23.3-26.3
26.3-29.3
29-3-32.3
32.3-35.3
35.3-38.3
38.3-^0.3
UO.S-te.3
l*2.3-Mu3
1*1*. 3-1*7. 3
1*7.3-50.3
50.3-53.3
53.3-56.3
56.3-56.5
56.5-58.5
58.5-60.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS
MR
MR
MR
Garb.
Coal
MS /gyp
LS
LS
MR
LS
MS
LS
MS
LS
MS
MS
MS
MS /gyp
MS /gyp
Garb.
MULBERRY
MS
Color
10YR 5/2
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 6A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7/2
10YR 6/3
10YR 6/1
5Y 3/1
N 2/0
N 5/0
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
N 7/0
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
10YR 8/1
5Y 5/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
N 8/0
2.5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
N 2/0
COAL
N 7/0
Water
Slaking
2
1*
10
9
9
2
1
3
2
1
8
1
0
1
1
7
0
8
1
7
1*
5
1*
1
1
7
278
-------
Table 153. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE MULBERRY COAL OVERBURDEN AT
THE PITTSBURG- MIDWAY COAL COMPANY'S MIDWAY MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
Ap
Bt
Bx
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
pH
(paste)
5-3
6.4
7.2
7.5
7-9
7.2
7.4
7-4
3.1
4.9
4.2
7.8
7.7
8.1
8.1
7.8
8.2
9.0
9-0
8.0
9.1
9.3
8.7
7.9
2.4
Lime
Require-
pH ment
(1:1) (tons)
5.2
6.3
7.0
7.4
7-7
7.0
7.1
7.1
2.9
4.9
4.0
7.8
7.8
8.0
8.0
7.8
8.0
9.1
9.2
8.2
9.2
9.3
8.7
8.0
2.7
2.5
2.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.5
0.5
2.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.0
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs.
117
103
89
122
95
142
139
234
198
46
374
293
261
4lO
332
338
62
469
416
480
256
374
343
298
87
Ca
3120
4480
5040
3520
10080
5360
5440
2960
3040
1200
3360
9920
11200
9440
10880
10880
11200
6960
9120
9440
10880
9600
10560
10240
1680
Mg
(Ibs.)
876
1752
1044
1296
780
948
972
528
864
192
972
516
504
888
708
780
120
996
516
720
336
444
432
384
708
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.) (Ibs.)
82
128
153
174
45
372
360
360
82
174
360
35
27
72
29
31
20
372
34
42
24
31
27
29
85G
3.2
0.5
10.2
4.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
0.5
4 5
4.5
4.5
0.5
5.6
0.5
0.5
0,5
0.5
2.2
0.5
0.5
1.1
0.5
1.1
1.1
6.8
MULBERRY COAL
5.3
5.4
1.0
580
2480
804
372
1.1
279
-------
Table 15!*. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE MULBERRY COAL OVERBURDEN AT THE
PITTSBURG - MIDWAY COAL COMPANY'S MIDWAY MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE
Sample
No.
Ap
Bt
Bx
C
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
111
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
Value
and
Chroma Fiz $S
5/2
TA
7A
6A
7A
7/2
6/3
6/1
3/1
2/0
5/0
7/0
7/1
7/0
7/1
8/0
8/1
5/1
7/1
6/1
8/0
7/1
7/1
7/1
2/0
MULBERRY
7/0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
0 1.
0 1.
1 1.
2
3 .
1
1* .
3
5 .
1
2
3
5
3
020
015
010
010
015
010
010
OhO
250
300
Ol*5
125
275
020
025
Ql*5
010
OhO
OH5
120
01*5
01*5
2 .170
2 1.
0 U.
COAL
1
,310
900
190
Tons CaCOq Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Maximum
(from %S)
.62
.vr
.31
.31
.1*7
.31
.31
1.25
39-06
1+0.62
27-97
3.91
8.59
.62
• 78
1.1*1
.31
1.25
1.1*1
3-75
1.1*1
1.1*1
h.06
38.1*1*
153.12
5-9U
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
U-75
9.56
6.81
9.97
50.35
10.88
11.3U
8.62
3.16 35.90
2.50 • 38.12
6.13 21. Qh
59-hh
hl2.il
29.50
299.15
180.01
963.19
30.1*5
175-02
129.12
U75.U2
86.95
63.50
125.37
- 1*.53 157.65
7.1*7
1*.13
9.09
6.50
9.66
1*9-88
10.57
11.03
7.37
55.53
1*03.58
28.88
298.37
178.60
962.88
29.20
173.61
125.37
1*71* . 01
85. 5U
59. V*
86.93
1.53
280
-------
Table 155- PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE MULBERRY COAL OVERBURDEN AT
THE PITTSBURG - MIDWAY COAL COMPANY'S MIDWAY MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
Al
Bt
Bx
C
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
Depth
(feet)
0.0- 1.3
1.3- 3.3
3.3- 6.0
6.0- 9.0
9.0-12.0
12.0-lU.O
lit. 0-16.0
16.0-18.0
18.0-18.2
18.2-18.7
18.7-19.0
19.0-22.0
22.0-25.0
25.0-28.0
28.0-31.0
31 . 0-3k . 0
3^.0-35-5
35-5-37.0
37.0-38.0
38.0-39.0
39-0-U2.0
k2.0-kk.O
UU.O-U8.7
1+8.7-53.3
53.3-58.0
58.0-58.3
58.3-60.3
60.3-62.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
Garb.
Coal
MS /gyp
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
LS
LS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
Garb.
MULBERRY
MS /gyp
Color
10YR 5/2
10YR 6/3
5Y 7/3
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 7A
5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
5Y 7/2
5Y 3/1
N 2/0
5Y U/l
5Y 7/1
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
5Y 7/1
N 8/0
5Y 6/2
5Y 5/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 2/1
COAL
5Y 7/1
Water
Slaking
2
U
10
10
1
2
6
k
1
0
10
k
1
1
8
10
0
0
3
3
8
0
1
0
0
0
9
281
-------
Table 156. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE MULBERRY COAL OVERBURDEN AT
THE PITTSBURG - MIDWAY COAL COMPANY'S MIDWAY MINE
NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE, COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand Tons of Material
Sample
No.
Al
Bt
Bx
C
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
2U
PH
(paste)
5.1
6.7
7.3
7.5
7.8
8.0
7.1
7-U
2.5
3.5
3.0
7.7
7.7
8.0
8.0
8.1
7-9
8.2
9.0
8.9
7-8
9.1
9.3
9.1
8.8
2.7
Lime
Require-
pH ment
(1:1) (tons)
5-0
6.7
7-2
7-2
7.8
7-8
6.8
7-2
2.6
3.3
3.1
7-8
7-7
8.0
8.0
8.1
7.9
8.0
8.8
8.8
7.6
9-0
9.0
8.9
8.7
3.7
3.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7-5
0.5
5-5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.5
Acid Extracted
K
(ibs.;
275
139
81
109
67
1U5
206
187
128
UO
U53
275
3U8
U05
U6U
317
122
103
28U
512
U32
312
317
312
298
128
Ca Mg
1 (lbs.)(rbs.)
3160
38UO
3680
U960
78UO
9UUO
2800
U080
Ul6o
U80
2760
22UO
16000
10880
9920
19760
12000
12U80
86UO
6800
9UUO
9920
9760
102UO
10UOO
2UUO
678
1560
1008
13UU
816
792
816
792
1080
Qk
972
UUU
600
708
80U
7UU
168
132
UUU
660
756
360
U32
UUU
UUU
1188
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(ibs.) (ibs.)
U7
132
137
183
U3
67
128
308
82
U7
9U
320
35
52
52
159
2U
31
77
385
29
26
25
25
26
396 M
5.6
0.5
10.2
6.8
U.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
9-2
U.5
10.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
U.5
2.2
2.2
1.1
0.5
1.1
2.2
2.2
9.2
MULBERRY COAL
U.6
U.I*
1.5
502
3120
5UO
385
7.8
282
-------
Table 157. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE MULBERRY COAL OVERBURDEN AT THE
PITTSBURG -MIDWAY COAL COMPANY'S MIDWAY MINE,
NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE, COLUMN TWO
Value
Sample and
No . Chroma
Al
Bt
Bx
C
1
2
3
It
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2lt
5/2
6/3
7/3
7A
7A
7/2
7/2
7/2
3/1
2/0
U/1
7/1
6/1
7/1
7/1
8/0
7/1
8/0
6/2
5/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
2/1
Tons CaC00
Maximum
Fiz %S (from %S)
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
2
2
5
It
3
1
3
It
3
3
3
0
MULBERRY
7/1
1
.Olt5
.035
.005
.005
.005
.005
.020
.020
2.150
1.875
1.660
.055
.045
.060
.010
.010
.Olt5
.115
.025
.035
.150
.01*5
.025
.01*5
.oito
4. 725
COAL
.910
l.ltl
1.09
.16
.16
.16
.16
.62
.62
67.19
58.59
U0.63
1.72
l.ltl
1.87
.31
.31
l.ltl
3.59
.78
1.09
it. 69
l.ltl
.78
l.ltl
1.25
Ilt7.66
23.13
Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
5-90
9.07
5.90
11.3U
32.22
23.81
5.90
5.00
.22 67.1tl
2.72 55-87
It. 09 36.51*
9-97
56.25
It3. 78
ltl.50
*t3.32
80U.39
729.91
106.79
23A5
152.69
It6l.70
lltl.lt7
3lt3.8l
398. It5
It. 31 1^3.35
5.90 17-23
It.lt9
7.98
5.7^
11.18
32.06
23.65
5.28
It. 38
8.25
5U.81t
Ul.91
itl.19
It3.01
802.98
726.32
106.01
22.36
lltS.OO
It6o.29
lUo.69
3lt2.Uo
397.20
283
-------
Table 158. PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE STIGLER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
SIERRA COAL CORPORATION'S MINE, ADJUNCT TO NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE
Sample
No.
Ap
Bt
Bt
BX
Bx
C
C
C
1
2
3
It
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Depth
(feet)
0.0-0.7
1.2-3.2
3.2-U.7
U.7-5.7
5.7-6.9
6.9-8.9
8.9-10.9
10.9-13.0
13.0-15.0
15.0-16.0
16.0-18.0
18.0-20.0
20.0-22.0
22.0-23.0
23.0-25.0
25.0-27.0
27.0-29.0
29.0-31.0
31.0-33.0
33.0-3U.9
3^.9-35.1
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
MS-I
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
STIGLER COAL
MS
Color
10YR 5/3
10YR 6/6
10YR 7/6
10YR 7/6
10YR 7 A
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 8/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/6
2.5Y 7/4
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
Water
Slaking
10
9
8
8
7
8
10
1*
U
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
284
-------
Table 159. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE STIGLER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
SIERRA COAL CORPORATION'S MINE, ADJUNCT TO NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
Ap
Bt
Bt
Bx
Bx
C
C
C
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
pH
(paste)
it. 8
U.9
5.8
5-8
6.0
6.1*
6.3
6.1*
6.3
6.6
7.0
TA
8.1
8.1
7.9
7.8
8.0
7.8
7.8
STIGLER
7A
PH
(1:1)
1*.6
U.T
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
6.1
6.3
6.1*
6.8
7.0
7.8
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.7
7-7
COAL
7.1
Lime
Require-
ment
(tons)
2.0
2.5
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
K
(Ibs.)
58
58
87
92
100
125
122
122
103
111
111*
ill*
11*5
210
2lU
21 1*
226
226
222
187
Ca
(Ibs.)
61*0
960
1200
lUUo
ll*i*o
1920
1760
1*80
1920
2880
3120
3920
2160
5680
1760
5120
1*21*0
1*800
6400
960
Mg
(Ibs.)
132
192
1*56
528
528
681*
636
168
612
852
780
972
50U
816
321*
900
852
888
912
1*20
P
(Ibs.)
15
37
80
103
82
100
88
75
91
ll*7
360
360
360
360 G
360 G
360 G
3^2 G
300 G
372G
97
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P
(Ibs.)
2.2
0.5
1.1
U.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
3.1*
12.1
11.0
8.9
6.7
U.5
2.2
1.1
2.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.2
285
-------
Table 160. ACID-BASE ACCOUNT OF THE STIGLER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
SIERRA COAL CORPORATION'S MINE, ADJUNCT TO NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE
Sample
No.
Ap
Bt
Bt
BX
BX
C
C
C
1
2
3
I*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Value
and
Chroma
5/3
6/6
7/6
7/6
7/4
7/4
8/2
7/2
7/6
7/4
6/2
6/2
6/2
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
Tons CaCOs Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz %S
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
STIGLER
6/1
0
.015
.010
.010
.005
.010
.005
.005
.065
.005
.015
.010
.005
.015
.055
.050
.070
.060
.060
.760
COAL
.580
Maximum
(from %S)
.47
.31
.31
.16
.31
.16
.16
2.03
.16
.47
.31
.16
.^7
1.72
1.56
2.19
1.87
1.87
23.75
18.12
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
• 50
- .47 .78
1.37
1.72
2.47
2.97
3.45
2.72
4.20
8.75
10.35
10.60
7.90
29.07
14.55
21.42
17.12
28.57
24.40
4.45 13.67
.03
1.06
1.56
2.16
2.8l
3.29
.69
4.04
8.28
10.04
10.44
7.43
27.35
12.99
19.23
15.25
26.70
.65
286
-------
Table l6l, PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE STIGLER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
SIERRA COAL CORPORATION'S MINE, ADJUNCT TO NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE,
COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
A
B
1
2
3
1+
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
Depth
(feet)
0.0-0.7
1.0-3.0
3.0-5.0
5.0-7.0
7.0-9-0
9.0-11.0
11.0-13.0
13.0-15.0
15.0-17-0
17.0-19-0
19.0-20.5
20.5-22.5
22.5-2U.5
21*. 5-2*1.7
2l+. 7-27-0
27.0-29.0
29.0-31.0
31.0-33.0
33.0-35.0
35.0-37.0
37.0-39.0
39.0- 1*1. 0
1+1. 0-U3.0
1*3. 0-1+1*. 7
HU.7-U5.0
Rock
Type
Soil
Soil
MS
MS
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
MR
SH
SH
MR
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
STIGLER COAL
MS
Color
2.5Y 1+A
10YR 5/6
10YR 6/1+
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 7/2
2.5Y 6/6
2.5Y 7/1*
2.5Y 6/1+
2.5Y 6/1+
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
2.5Y 6/2
10YR 5 A
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 6/1
10YR 5/1
10YR 5/1
10YR 6/1
Water
Slaking
10
10
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
287
-------
Table 162. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE STIGLER COAL OVERBURDEN AT
SIERRA COAL CORPORATION'S MINE, ADJUNCT TO NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE,
COLUMN TWO
Per Thousand
Sample
No.
A
B
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll*
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
PH
(paste)
1*.8
5.2
7.1
6.9
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.2
7-2
7.2
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.9
7.9
8.0
7.9
7.8
8.0
7.9
7.3
7.5
STIGLER
7.9
PH
(1:1)
5.1*
!*.!+
6.9
6.6
7.0
6.8
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.6
7.8
7-7
7.7
7.9
7.8
7.8
7-8
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.3
7.1*
COAL
7.7
Lime
Tons of Material
Acid Extracted
Require-
ment K
(tons) (ibs. )
2.5
6.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
307
69
111
122
122
109
120
111*
1U5
139
167
187
187
122
238
226
230
2l*3
210
226
206
2U7
231+
187
Ca
(Ibs.)
3520
1200
2800
2560
2800
2560
2560
21+00
20UO
21*00
2000
2^80
2560
6080
3600
3760
3760
1*000
3360
2880
1*000
2800
3120
1360
Mg
(Ibs.)
681+
720
1821*
11*1*0
1536
1728
1U6U
1728
Il*l6
2136
11*88
181*8
1701+
672
11*16
1320
1272
1272
852
996
1128
122U
1272
720
Bicarbonate
Extracted
P P
(Ibs.) (Ibs.)
27
Uo
3l+2
372
360
2U6
360
3l*2
360
360
372
372
360
52
300
300 G
360 G
320 G
300 G
3l*2 G
300 G
291+ G
291+ G
97
2.2
0.5
1*.5
2.2
5-5
18.3
6.8
1*.5
3.1*
2.2
2.2
1.1
2.2
1+.5
1.1
1.1
2.2
1.1
1.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
288
-------
Table 163. ACID-BASE ACCOUHT OF THE STIGLER COAL OVERBURDEN AT SIERRA
COAL CORPORATION'S MINE, ADJUNCT TO NEIGHBORHOOD TWELVE, COLUMN TWO
Sample
No.
A
B
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1U
15
16
IT
18
19
20
21
22
23
Value
and
Chroma
1»A
5/6
6A
7/2
7/2
6/6
7A
6A
6A
6/2
6/2
6/2
6/2
5/1*
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
5/1
5/1
Tons CaC03 Equivalent /Thousand Tons Material
Fiz
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
18
.025
,020
.010
.020
.010
.005
.010
.010
.015
.015
.010
.015
.005
.015
.075
.065
.060
.070
.065
.oko
.050
.060
.kko
Maximum
(from Jfe)
.78
.62
.31
.62
.31
.16
.31
.31
.1*7
.1*7
.31
.1*7
.16
.1*7
2.31*
2.03
1.87
2.19
2.03
1.25
1.56
1.87
13.75
Amount Maximum Excess
Present Needed (pH 7) CaC03
3.70
- 2.82 3.1*1*
9.85
10.10
9.12
9.37
10.10
9.37
9.85
8.87
9.37
10.10
10.20
83.75
28.82
28.07
27.10
21.20
21*. 75
I8.0o
27.60
2U.UO
29.32
2.92
9.5l»
9.1*8
8.81
9.21
9.79
9.06
9.38
8.UO
9.06
9.63
10.0U
83.28
26. U8
26. Oh
25.23
19.01
22.72
16.75
26. OU
22.53
15.57
STIGLER COAL
6/1
0
.550
17.19
U.20 12.99
289
-------
SECTION X
TOXIC OR POTENTIALLY TOXIC MATERIALS
TOTAL CONTENTS OF MACRO- AND MICRO-METALS IN SELECTED ROCK SAMPLES
FROM DIFFERENT NEIGHBORHOODS.
It is well known that trace and heavy metal content of a young soil is
dependent on the composition of the parent rock and on the weathering
processes. Most of these trace elements found in rock, whether or not
they are essential for plant growth, are toxic above certain levels.
As a result the determination and behavior of these elements in rock
and soil is of considerable importance. Keeping these considerations
in mind, total analyses for macro— and micro—elements in rock material
collected from different locations was carried out. The other objective
of this study was to determine the variability in the composition of
similar rock materials from locality to locality. Results of this
study are given in Tables 164-166.
Aluminum and Iron
The amount of aluminum (Al) in various rock materials varies from 0.33% to
20%. In general, the amount of Al in coal, limestone and sandstone was
very low, whereas in mudstone and shale, it was quite high (12 to 20%).
Al contents of mudstone and shale also vary from location to location.
This is expected mainly due to the differences in the type and amounts
of clay mineral content of these materials.
The total amount of iron (Fe) in various rock samples range from 0.55% to
8.4%. The highest amount of Fe was found in mudstone from the Prairie
Hill mine. Generally the concentration of Fe in mudstone and shale
varies between 4 and 6%, which is quite normal for this type of rock
when it contains biotite, siderite and other (Fe) bearing minerals.
Weathering of these rock materials will release (Fe), but distribution
of (Fe) and other trace elements is controlled by the ionic potentials,
so as a result, Al and Fe are generally precipitated during the pro-
cesses of weathering and transportation. Because of their higher
ionic potentials these elements rarely create any hazard except when
the pH is very low.
290
-------
Manganese
Concentrations of Manganese CMn) in these rock materials varies between
125 ppm and 1750 ppm: The highest amount of Mn (1750 ppm) was found in
shale from Mingo County, West Virginia (Peter White Mine). Limestone
was collected from Midway mine, contained 1000 ppm Mn, which is quite
high for this type of material. It is expected that most of this Mn
is present in carbonate form because O.SN^ hydrochloric acid dissolved
almost all the Mn. This extraction of Mn from limestone with dilute
acid further indicates the nature of Mn compounds present in limestone.
Extraction of Mn from clay and other silicate mineral requires digestion
with hydrofloric acid. This is because Mn present in the lattices of
the clay mineral would be more difficult to displace compared to that
present in a chemical compound such as carbonates. As a result of this,
the availability of Mn will depend upon the rate of weathering of the
minerals concerned. At the same time it can be said that solubility of
Mn in carbonate will depend upon the pH of the extracting solution.
Water alone will not be able to extract any appreciable amount of Mn
from limestone. On weathering of rocks Mn generally occurs in soils in
the form of insoluble oxides as a result, its availability in neutral
or alkaline soils is very low. Mn becomes toxic to plants only under
reduced or acid condition when Mn oxides can be solubilized. Analyses
of these rock materials from different locations do not indicate any
excessive amount of Mn. Butler reported Mn content of certain Lancashire
Soils up to 1750 ppm (Butler, 1954).
Copper and Zinc
The total amount of Copper (Cu) in various rock material vary between 5
and 70 ppm which is quite normal for these various types of rock (Swaine
and Mitchell 1960). The amount of Cu in soils developed from sandstone
and shale varies between 5 to 20 ppm. Very rarely do the total content
of Cu in soils exceed 100 ppm.
Distribution of Zinc (Zn) in various rocks range between 40 and 320 ppm.
Total analyses of several West Virginia soils (Reefer et. al. 1972)
showed Zn content between 105 to 360 ppm. Shale and mudstone collected
from West Virginia was generally high in Zn (260 to 320 ppm) and mud-
stone collected from Missouri and Kansas was low in Zn (40 ppm) . Most Zn
bearing minerals are readily weathered and as a result Zn is retained
in soils on the exchange complex and in organic matter. So avail-
ability of Zn to plants (Swaine and Mitchell 1960) depends upon soil
pH, phosphorus content and organic matter content rather than to total
Zn content. Because of this it is difficult to speculate on the
availability of Zn from the total analyses. One thing is quite clear
from the total analyses that Cu and Zn contents of these rocks are
quite below the toxic levels. Weathering of these rocks will not
291
-------
produce toxic levels of Cu and Zn in the developing soils. Toxic
levels of Zn and Cu may arise in soils developed from such rocks by
industrial contamination or by application of Cu and Zn-rich materials
such as sewage sludges under acid conditions.
Nickel, Chromium and Lead
In general the amount of total nickel (Ni) and lead CPb) in all rock
samples was quite normal. The amount of total Ni varies between 30
and 200 ppm and of Pb between 10 and 40 ppm which is quite normal for
shale, muds tone and sandstone. Availability of Ni and Pb to plants
is much higher under acid conditions and as a result toxic effects of
these elements can be cured by adequate liming.
The range of cadium (Cd) in rock samples varies between 10 and 220 ppm.
The level of Cd in most of the rocks was below 40 ppm. There was one
muds tone sample from West Virginia which contained 1690 ppm Cd. This
appears quite high for this type of rock material . There is very
little information available at this time regarding Cd concentration
in various rocks. It is difficult to derive any conclusion from this
one sample regarding its influence on the developing soils.
Chromium (Cr) concentration in the rocks varies between 20 and 490 ppm with
one exception which contained 1250 ppm (muds tone from Prairie Hill) .
It has been reported in the literature that soils developed from
serpentine contained 3000 ppm Cr (Swaine and Mitchell 1960) and
Russian Chernozems contained 400 ppm Cr (Kovda and Yevskaya 1958) .
Even though these large quantities of Cr have been reported in soils,
there is no report of Cr toxicity to plants in the literature.
Cr is present in soils in compounds which are not easily
soluble .
Total analyses for various elements of these rock materials were
carried out to determine if any of the elements is likely present in
toxic levels. The total content can be a reasonable indication of
trace element content of future soils from these rocks and consequently
their potential availability to plants. Heavy metals do not easily
leach out like calcium, magnesium and potassium from soils on weathering
of parent material. Because of their nature and low solubility, they
generally remain in soils and as a result many times, heavy metal analyses
of soil have been used to identify the parent rock. Results of these
studies indicate that most of the rock materials contain normal amounts
of trace or heavy metals. There is very little likelihood of release of
toxic levels of these heavy metals on weathering of these rocks at near-
neutral reactions.
292
-------
ACID-BASE ACCOUNTS
Acid-Base Accounts involve two basic measurements. Q.) total or pyritic
sulphur; and (2) neutralization potential or calcium carbonate
equivalent of bases present in the material. The procedures for
both measurements are noted in Section IV.
Materials are defined as being toxic or potentially toxic when the pH
of the material is less than 4.0 or there is a net potential deficiency
of 5.0 t of calcium carbonate equivalent or more per 1000 t of
materials, by the Acid—Base Accounting method (Smith, et.al. 1974.
pp. 72-129).
Figure 9 and 10 contain examples of data from two overburden columns
in Preston County, West Virginia (adjacent to Neighborhood 1) in
graphic form. Figure 9 contains the data from a Bakerstown coal
overburden, while Figure 10 represents an Upper Freeport coal over-
burden. Figure 9 extending 12.2 m (40 ft) above the coal
presents a clear picture of what the mining operator can effect of
the overburden materials as to toxic and non-toxic zones, before
mining operations begin.
The soil represented CFigure 9) is low in total sulfur and contains no
neutralizers resulting in a net deficiency of calcium carbonate equivalent,
but it is not deficient to the extent that it would be considered a toxic
zone. Descending the column from approximately 1.2 to 7.0 m
C4 to 23 ft), there is a zone of base-rich mudstone and shale con-
taining a net excess as much as 10% calcium carbonate equivalent,
although the total sulfur is high. The rest of the overburden, except
for a 61 cm (2 ft) layer immediately below the base—rich zone, is
extremely high in total sulfur and the net deficiency of neutralizers
puts this material in the toxic or potentially toxic category.
Figure 10 representing the Upper Freeport coal overburden is not as
simple as Figure 9. There are net deficiencies at several places on
the graph (Figure 10), but only three zones can be considered toxic
or potential toxic: (1) the 6.1 to 7.3 m (20 to 24 ft) depth;
(2) the 15.5 to 15.8 m (51 to 52 ft) depth; (3) The Upper Freeport
coal zone (17.7 to 20.7 m: 58-68 ft).
The soil, except for the surface 30.5 cm (12 in), has a net deficiency
of neutralizers along with the rock to a depth of 3.0 m Q-0 ft). The
next 3 m CIO ft) down the column is very low in both sulphur and bases
indicating that the net excess of deficiency is too small to be re-
corded on the graph. This is the extent of the weathered zone in
this column.
293
-------
A base-rich zone occurs from 7.3 to 17.7 m C24 to 58 ft) with only
a 30.5 cm (12 in) potentially toxic layer at the 15.8 m C52 ft) depth.
There are two additional 30.5 on (12 in) layers of rock in this section
that have a net deficiency of neutralizers, but they are not potentially
toxic by the definition given.
The Bakerstown overburden represented in Figure 9 illustrates one type
of material placement during reclamation, while the data (Figure 10)
indicate another type for the overburden of the Upper Freeport coal.
For the Bakerstown site, segregation of the material from 1.5 to 7m
(5 to 23 ft) from the remainder of the overburden is indicated. During
regrading operations this material would be placed back at the surface
of the minesoil, covering the potentially toxic material. The original
surface soil of the area, where the Bakerstown coal is stripmined, is
normally acid with low fertility and, generally, sandstone cobbles and
boulders.
The Upper Freeport overburden (Figure 10) offers two options for
reclamation. The normal recommendation, especially in areas where
the overburden is dominated by the Mahoning Sandstone, is to
selectively remove part or all of the top 6.1 m (20 ft) (Weathered
Zone) and place this material at the surface of the minesoil. Normal
fertilization and liming, as would be recommended for a poor pasture
in West Virginia, is all that would be needed for successful reclamation.
The second option available for overburden placement on this site
(Figure 10) is selectively removing the potentially toxic material
right below the weathered zone and bury it in the pit. The overburden
from 7.6 to 17.7 m (25 to 58 ft) can be blended with the top 6.1 m
(20 ft) and placed at the surface of the minesoil. This second option,
generally, only exists when the overburden of the Upper Freeport coal
consists primarily of shales and mudstones, such as in Figure 10.
This type of information can be obtained in advance of surface mining
and will enable the operator to mine the coal and leave the most
favorable minesoil possible (chemically). In view of pollution costs
and ever increasing land values, the future potential of disturbed
lands will dictate that this type of preplanning be done.
294
-------
Table l6U. THE TOTAL CONTENTS OF MACRO- AND MICRO-ELEMENTS IN ROCK
SAMPLES FROM DIFFERENT NEIGHBORHOODS.
PART I. SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION.
Sample
No.
1
2
3
U
5
6
T
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Lab. I.D.
No.
SM-1,1
SM-11,1
Mtf-1,2
BS-#2,9
PW-6,10
MW-11,11
MW-11,18
BS-#2,19
PH-I,21
RQ-1,17
BM-11,86
PW-5,57
MW-1,25
BM-11,71
BM-11,67
PW-5,79
FW-6,157
SM-II,l8
SM-I,ll*
BS#2,lH
PH-1,19
BM-11,83
RQ-I ,18
Mine Name and State
Sierra, Oklahoma
Sierra, Oklahoma
Midway, Missouri -Kansas
Burning Star, Illinois
Mingo County, West Virginia
Midway, Missouri-Kansas
Midway, Missouri-Kansas
Burning Star #2, Illinois
Praire Hill, Missouri
River Queen, W. Kentucky
West Virginia*
Peter White, West Virginia
Mi dway , Mi s sour i -Kansas
West Virginia*
West Virginia*
Peter White, West Virginia
Peter White, West Virginia
Sierra, Oklahoma
Si err a , Oklahoma
Burning Star #2, Illinois
Praire Hill, Missouri
West Virginia*
River Queen, Kentucky
Rock Type
Coal
Coal
Coal
SH
MR
LS
MS
LS
MS
SS
MS
Garb
Soil
MS
MS
Coal
SH
SH
SS
MS
MS
MS
SS
*Bethlehem Steel Corporation's exploratory core on Pecks Run, 2 km
(1.25 mi) northwest of junction of secondary road with WV Route 20,
Warren District, Upshur County, West Virginia.
295
-------
Table 165- THE TOTAL CONTENTS OF MACRO- AND MICRO-ELEMENTS IN ROCK
SAMPLES FROM DIFFERENT NEIGHBORHOODS.
PART II: COLOR AND MACRO-ELEMENTS
Sample
No.
1
2
3
It
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Color
N 2/0
N 2/0
N 2/0
5Y 5/1
10YR U/l
N 8/0
5Y Vl
5Y 6/1
5Y 7/1
5Y 7/1
2.5YR 6 A
5Y 3/1
2.5Y 7 A
5Y 7/1
5YR 6/2
5Y 3/1
5Y 5/1
2.5Y 7 A
2.5Y 8/2
5Y Vl
5Y 7/1
10YR 6/3
5Y 7/1
S
(%}
6.700
5.130
2.380
3.360
0.870
0.115
1.700
0.325
0.1*20
0.125
0.011
0.080
0.010
0.005
0.030
0.500
0.3kO
0.010
0.005
2.220
0.390
0.060
0.165
pH
^ 5
It. 9
5-9
3. ^
7.3
8.2
3.0
7-8
6.2
6.6
8.9
7.0
7.2
9-0
9.2
7.0
8.2
7.2
6.3
7.6
7-2
9.1
5.6
Ca
(%)
1.50
1.00
0.12
0.10
0.25
27.00
2.20
0.12
0.05
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.08
0.12
0.05
0.05
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.00
0.90
0.20
Mg
(*)
0.08
0.05
0.02
0.80
1.25
0.75
1.00
0.75
1.00
0.13
0.75
0.65
0.62
0.15
1.35
0.50
0.72
1.00
0.75
0.38
0.70
0.90
0.25
K
(%}
0.12
0.12
0.12
3.75
It. 50
0.30
0.60
3.90
3.60
2.1*0
It. 20
3-90
3.00
3.60
It. 20
It. 20
3.30
3.00
1.80
It. 20
3.90
2.10
1.80
296
-------
Table 166. THE TOTAL CONTENTS OF MACRO- AND MICRO-ELEMENTS IN ROCK
SAMPLES PROM DIFFERENT NEIGHBORHOODS.
PART III: MICRO-ELEMENTS.
Sample
No.
n
±.
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lit
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Al
(50
1.1
O.U
0.3
12.0
13.0
0.5
0.7
10.8
10.6
2.6
20.0
18.0
8.8
13.6
16.0
17.0
8.8
16.8
8.8
17.5
18.8
5.6
3.U
Fe
(JO
13.0
2.0
0.7
6.0
5.U
0.5
0.7
2.2
U.O
1.1
U.6
2.2
2.8
3.2
3.1
1.8
It. it
6.0
2.0
1.6
8.1*
1.5
1.3
Mn
(ppm)
500
250
125
500
500
1000
750
250
500
500
250
250
250
500
250
250
1000
1750
500
250
250
500
500
Cu
(ppm)
10.0
10.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
8.0
10.0
11.5
6.0
11.5
12.5
10.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
11.0
6.5
70.0
10.0
7.5
5.0
Zn
(ppm)
Uo
U U
38
200
260
112
Uo
60
112
80
300
260
180
232
160
220
220
320
2UO
60
160
60
Uo
ca
(ppm)
10
20
10
10
10
10
10
10
100
20
20
110
80
20
1690
20
10
ItO
220
20
20
110
20
Ni
(ppm)
50
100
80
70
60
90
30
50
100
30
130
110
80
UO
70
90
80
30
80
200
110
80
40
Cr
(ppm)
90
Uo
100
90
150
20
(0
250
1250
U90
360
270
150
USD
390
lUo
130
200
110
130
30
20
UO
Pb
(ppm)
30
10
30
20
UO
Uo
UO
30
10
70
30
UO
20
0
30
Uo
UO
30
10
10
20
20
10
297
-------
ACID-BASE ACCOUNT
DEFICIENCY EXCESS
100 60 40 20 108 6 4 2 I I 2 4 6 8 10 20 40 60 KX)
CdC03 EQUIVALENT
(TONS/THOUSAND TONS of MATERIAL)
Figure 8. Acid-Base Account and rock type of the overburden above a
Bakerstown coal seam.
298
-------
ACID-BASE ACCOUNT
l^-^N
$&
1 . i—r-i I i r-n 4 • •
100 « 40 ID 0« (4 t I I t 4 € 110 «0 40 «0 100 fH
CaCO, B3U1MVLENT
(IONS/'HOOS*NO IONS «f MAT!««1)
Figure 9. Acid-Base Account and rock type of the overburden above
an Upper Freeport coal seam.
299
-------
SECTION XI
REFERENCES
Amsden, Thomas V. Geologic Map of Garrett County, Maryland
Geological Survey, 1953.
Arkle, Thomas, Jr. Stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian and Permian
Systems of the Central Appalachians. Garrett Briggs (ed.).
Geologic Society of America Special Paper Number 148. 1974. p. 5-29.
Bengtson, G.W., S. E. Allen, D. A. Mays, and T.G. Zarger. Use of
Fertilizers to Speed Pine Establishment on Reclaimed Coal-mine
Spoi. in Northeastern Alabama: I. Greenhouse Experiments. In:
Ecology and Reclamation of Devastated Land, Volume II. Hutnik, R.J.
and G. Davis (ed.). New York, Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers
Inc., 1969. p. 199-226
Butler, J.B. Trace-element distribution in some Lancashire Soils.
Journal of Soil Science. 5:156-166, 1954.
Chapman, A.G. Effect of Spoil grading on tree growth. Mining
Congress Journal. August: 93-100, 1967.
Committee on Stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian. Correlation of
Pennsylvanian Formations of North America. Subcommittee of National
Research Council. R.C. Moore (Chairman) Bulletin Volume 55.
Geological Society of America. 1944. p. 660-704,Chart Number 6.
Flint, Norman K. Geology and Mineral Resources of Southern
Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvanian Geological Survey,
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 1965. 267 p.
Gentile, Richard J. Commodities of Macon and Randolph Counties.
Rolla State of Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources, 1967.
p. 19.
Gluskoter, H.J., and J.A. Simon. Sulfur in Illinois Coal. Illinois
State Geological Survey Circular 432. 1968.
300
-------
Greene, B.C. and W.B. Raney. West Virginia's Controlled Placement.
In: Second Research and Applied Technology Symposium on Mined-Land
Reclamation, Boyer, J.F., Jr.(ed). Washington, D.C., National Coal
Association, October, 1974. p. 5-17.
Grim, Elmore C., and Ronald D. Hill. Environmental Protection in
Surface Mining of Coal. Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati,
Ohio. Publication Number EPA-670/2-74093. October, 1974. 291 p.
Howe, Wallace B. (coordinator) and John W. Koenig (editor). The
Stratigraphic Succession in Missouri. Rolla, Geological Survey
and Water Resources, 1961. p.
Huddle, J.W., E.J. Lyons, H.L. Smith, and J.C. Ferm. Coal Reserves
of Eastern Kentucky. U.S. Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Geological Survey Bulletin 1120. Kentucky Geological Survey and
the U.S. Bureau of Mines. 1963. 247 p.
Jackson, M.L. Soil Chemical Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-
Hall, Inc., 1958. 498 p.
Johnson, Robert C., and Edward T. Luther. Strippable Coal in the
Northern Cumberland Plateau Area of Tennessee. State of Tennessee,
Nashville, Tennessee. Report of Investigations 34. Tennessee
Division of Geology. 1972. 41 p.
Keefer, R.F., R.N. Singh, D.J. Horvath, and P.R. Henderlong.
Response of Corn to Time a:id Rate of Phosphorus and Zinc Application.
Soil Science Society of American Proceedings. 30:628-632, 1972.
Kovda, V.A. and V.D. Vasil Yeustaya. A Study of the Minor Element
Contents in Soils of the Amur River Area. Soviet Soil Science (Moscow)
p. 1369-1377, 1958.
Luther, Edward T. The Coal Reserves of Tennessee. State of
Tennessee, Nashville, Tennessee. Bulletin 63. Tennessee Division
of Geology. 1959. 294 p.
Munsell Soil Color Charts. Baltimore, Munsell Color Company, 1971.
Nelson, W.L., A. Mehlich, and E. Winters. The Development Evaluation
and Use of Soil Tests for Phosphorus Availability. In: Soil and
Fertilizer Phosphate in Crop Nutrition, Agronomy Monograph 4,
Pierre, W.H., and A.G. Norman (ed.). Madison, WI. American Society
of Agronomy, Inc. 1953. p. 153-188.
301
-------
Olsen, S.R. and L.A. Dean. Phosphorus. In: Methods of Soil
Analysis, Agronomy Monograph 9, Part II - Chemical and Micro-
biological Properties, Black, C.A. (ed.). Madison, WI. American
Society of Agronomy, Inc., 1965. p. 1035-1049.
Pocahontas Land Corporation. Correlation Chart of Appalachian
Coal Seams, Keystone Coal Industry Manual, Supplements 1-4, 1971.
Roger, D.B. 1924, Mineral and Grant Counties: West Virginia
Geological Survey, 866 p.
Sencindiver, J.C. Genesis and Classification of Minesoils. Ph.D.
Dissertation (In Progress), 1975.
Smith, R.M., W.E. Grube, Jr., T. Arkle, Jr., A. Sobek. Mine Spoil
Potentials for Soil and Water Quality. West Virginia University.
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, Ohio. Publication
Number EPA-670/2-74-070. October, 1974. 319 p.
Smith, William H. Strippable Coal Researves of Illinois: Part I.
Urbana, Illinois Geological Survey, 1957. (Circular 228), 39 p.
Smith, William H. Strippable Coal Reserves of Illinois: Part 2.
Urbana, Illinois Geological Survey, 1958. (Circular 260), 40 p.
Smith, William H. Strippable Coal Reserves of Illinois: Part 3.
Urbana, Illinois Geological Survey, 1961. (Circular 311), 40 p.
Soil Survey Staff. Soil Taxonomy. Washington, D.C., U.S.
Department of Agriculture (Soil Conservation Service), (In Press).
Swaine, D.J. and R.L. Mitchell. Trace-element Distribution in
Soil Profiles. Journal of Soil Science. 11:347-368, 1960,
Toenges, A.L., L.A. Turnbull, L. Williams, H.O. Smith, O'Donnell,
H.M. Cooper, R.P. Abernathy, and K. Waage. Investigation of
Lower Coal Beds of Upper Potomac Basins, Allegheny and Garret
Counties, Maryland: United States Bureau of Mines Technical
Paper 728. 1949.
West Virginia University. Mine Spoil Potentials for Water Quality
and Controlled Erosion. Division of Plant Sciences, West Virginia
University. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Publication Number 14010 EJE. December, 1971. 206 p.
White, I.C. and others. West Virginia Geological Survey Report
of Logan and Mingo Counties. Wheeling, Wheeling New Litho Company,
1914. p. 169-178.
302
-------
Woodruff, C.M. Testing Soils for Lime Requirement by means of a
Buffered Solution and the Glass Electrode. Soil Science, Volu™e
66:53-66, 1948.
Zarger, T.G, G.W. Bengtson, J.C. Allen, and D.A. Mays. Use of
Fertilizers to Speed Pine Establishment on Reclaimed Coal-Mine Spoil
in Northeastern Alabama: II. Field Experiments. In: Ecology
and Reclamation of Devastated Land, Volume II. Hutnik, R.J. and
G. Davis (ed.). New York, Gordon and Breach, Science Publisher's
Inc., 1969a. p. 227-236.
Zarger, T.G., J.A. Curry, and J.C. Allen. Seeding of Pine on
Coal Spoil Banks in the Tennessee Valley. In: Ecology and Re-
clamation of Devastated Land, Volume I. Hutnik, R.J. and G. Davis,
(ed.). New York, Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers Inc., 1969b.
p. 509-524.
303
-------
SECTION XII
PUBLICATIONS
Grube, W.E., Jr. Pedologic Potential of Selected Upper Pennsyl-
vanian Sedimentary Rocks Using Chemical Parameters. Ph.D. Disserta-
tion, West Virginia University. 1974. 165 p.
Grube, W.E., Jr., A.A. Sobek and R.M. Smith. Artificial Weathering
of Overburden Materials. Abstracts of Technical Papers. Northeastern
Branch Meeting of the American Society of Agronomy. New Hampshire
University, Durham, N.H. 1974. p. 25.
Grube, W.E., Jr., and R.M. Smith. Field Clues Useful for Charac-
terization of Coal Overburden. Green Lands Quarterly. Vol. 4,
No 1:24-25, Winter, 1974.
Grube, W.E., Jr., R.M. Smith, J.C. Sencindiver and A.A. Sobek.
Overburden Properties and Young Soils in Mined Lands. In: Second
Research and Applied Technology Symposium on Mined-Land Reclamation,
Boyer, J.F., Jr. (ed.). Washington, D.C., National Coal Association,
October, 1974. p. 145-149.
Heald, M.T., G.E. Arnold and R.M. Smith. Sandstone Weathering on
Surface Mine Spoil. Green Lands Quarterly. Vol. 4, No. 3:19-20,
Fall, 1974.
Singh, R.N., W.E. Grube, Jr., E.M. Jencks, and R.M. Smith.
Morphology and Genesis of Dystrochrepts as Influenced by the Properties
of Mahoning Sandstone. S.S.S.A.P. (In Press). 1974.
Smith, R.M., W.E. Grube, Jr., A.A. Sobek, and R.N. Singh. Rock
Types and Laboratory Analyses as a Basis for Managing Minesoils.
In: Tenth Forum on Geology of Industrial Minerals Proceedings
Bates, R.L. and H. Collins (eds.). Columbus, Ohio, Ohio Division
of Geological Survey, April, 1974. pp. 47-52.
304
-------
Smith, R.M., W.E. Grube, Jr., J.C. Sencindiver, R.N. Singh, and
A.A. Sobek. Properties, Processes, and Energetics of Minesoils.
In: Transactions of the 10th International Congress of Soil
Science, Sokolov, A.V., (ed.). Moscow, U.S.S.R., Nauka Publishing
House, August, 1974. pp. 406-413.
Smith, R.M., W.E. Grube, Jr., and J.R. Freeman. Better Minesoils
by Blending. Green Lands Quarterly Vol. 5, No. 1:16-18, Winter, 1975.
305
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SECTION XIII
GLOSSARY AND TABLE LEGEND DEFINITIONS
DEFINITIONS
Carbolith (Garb) - This name has been coined to cover dark colored
sedimentary rocks that will make a black or very dark CMunsell color
value of 3 or less) streak or mark on a white streak plate or hard
rock like chert. Rocks included under this name include bonecoal,
carbon-rich muds, and carbon-rich shales. An optional name is carbon-
rock. In general, such rocks will be at least 25% organic matter.
Chert, - A rock consisting dominantly of amorphous silica or extremely
small (cryptocrystalline) quartz and hard enough to scratch glass or
an ordinary knife blade (i.e., hardness of 6.5 to 7.0 on the Moh scale).
Flint, Jasper, and other names related to rock color or weathering
may be used to identify different kinds of chert.
Clayey - Containing large amounts of clay or having properties
similar to those of clay.
Coarse fragments - Rock or mineral particles greater than 2.0 mm
in diameter.
Fines - Material smaller than 2 mm in effective Stokes diameter.
Fissile - Having a tendency to split along parallel planes, into
layers that are less than 5 mm thick.
Friable - Easily crumbled, as would be the case with rock that is
poorly cemented.
Intercalate - This term is used as a composite noun to include rocks
of different kinds that are so intimately interlayered or intercalated
that they cannot be sampled or described separately. A sandstone-shale
intercalate would be more than 50% sandstone whereas a shale-sandstone
intercalate would be more than 50% shale. Other kinds of intercalate
rocks would be described by other appropriate rock names.
306
-------
Lime requirement - In an acid soil, the amount of lime (CaCO^) or
other base required to neutralize acidity in the range from the
initial acid condition to a selected neutral or less acid condition.
Limestone (LS) - A sedimentary rock consisting dominantly of calcium
or magnesium carbonate, which can be scratched readily with a knife,
but not with the fingernail, and which is light colored or white
(Munsell color value of 7 or higher) when powdered or streaked on
a hard surface. Confirmation of identification may require testing
for fizz in dilute (1 to 3 or 10%) hydrochloric acid, although other
rocks such as calcareous mudstone may also fizz freely in acid.
Loess - A homogeneous, unindurated deposit consisting predominantly
of silt, with subordinate amounts of very fine sand and/or clay.
Matrix - In a rock in which certain grains are much larger than the
others, the grains of the smaller size comprise the matrix.
Mottling - Spots or blotches of different color or shades of color
interspersed with the dominant color.
Mudrock (MR) - A broad general term for sedimentary rock which
includes both mudstone and shale. This term is used when rock
samples have not been definitely identified as to whether they
are mudstones or shales.
Mudstone (MS) - A non-fissile sedimentary rock dominated by silt and
(or) clay sized particles, without restrictions on mineralogy. This
rock type may contain as much as 50% sand if properties are judged
to be dominated by silt and (or) clay. If sand (grit) is noticeable
by observation or feel, the rock may be called sandy mudstone. tf
silt dominates the make-up of the rock, it may be called silty mudstone
or siltstone.
Outwash (OW) - Drift deposited by melting water streams beyond active
glacier ice.
Sandstone (SS) - A sedimentary rock consisting dominantly of sand-sized,
that is visible, grains that feel gritty when rubbed in water. Silt
and clay combined may total as much as 50% of the total rock weight.
When more than 15% of a sandstone consists of particles finer than
sand, the rock may be called a muddy sandstone, silty sandstone,
clayey sandstone, argillaceous sandstone, or other kind of descrip-
tive name.
Schlick (Sck) - A mass or body of silt and Cor) clay that would be
called Schlickstone except that it is very soft when wet (hardness
307
-------
about 1.0) sad may not fit popular concepts of stone or rock. From
the standpoint of soil structure, Schlick is massive, although it
day show some stratification.
Shale (SH) - A mudrock that appears prominently thin-layered or fissile.
Shale often is more resistant to physical breakdown in water than
non-fissile mudrock and usually is harder to scratch. Some indurated
shale cannot be scratched with the fingernail.
ABBREVIATIONS
Aluminum — (Al) Manganese — CMn)
Cadmium — (Cd) Meter (s) — (m)
Centimeter(s) — (cm) Mile(s) — (mi)
Chromium — (Cr) Milligram(s) — (mg)
Copper ~ (Cu) Milliliter(s) — (ml)
Feet, Foot — (ft) Millimeter (s) — (mm)
Gram(s) — (g) Minute (s) — (min)
Inch(es) ~ (in) Nickel — (Ni)
Iron — (Fe) Parts per million — (ppm)
Kilogram(s) — (kg) Pound(s) — (Ib)
Kilometer(s) — (km) Ton(s) — (t)
Lead -- (Pb) Zinc — (Zn)
TABLE LEGENDS
Although the symbols, conversion units, etc., are used and explained
elsewhere in the report, it is in the interest of clarity and under-
standing that all information be presented together as follows:
Soil Horizons
Al- Mineral horizons, formed or forming at or adjacent to the surface,
in which the feature emphasized is an accumulation of humified organic
matter intimately associated with the mineral fraction.
A2- Mineral horizons in which the feature emphasized is loss of clay,
iron, or aluminum, with resultant concentration of quartz or other
resistant minerals in sand and silt sizes.
Bl- A transitional horizon between B and Al or between B and A2 in
which the horizon is dominated by properties of an underlying B2 but
has some subordinate properties of an overlying Al or A2.
B2- That part of the B horizon where the properties on which the B is
based are without clearly expressed subordinate characteristics indica-
ting that the horizon is transitional to an adjacent overlying A or an
adjacent underlying C or R.
308
-------
B3- A transitional horizon between B and C or R in which the pro-
perties diagnostic of an overlying B2 are clearly expressed but
are associated with clearly expressed properties characteristic
of C or R.
C- A mineral horizon or layer, excluding bedrock, that is either
like or unlike the material from which the solum is presumed to
have formed.
Other horizons
Vertical subdivisions within an otherwise differential horizon are
indicated by secondary arabic numbers assigned in order, from the top-
most subdivision down, i^.e_. , A-21* ^22» ^21» ^22* etc*
g- strong gleying (50% or more of the soil has a chroma of 2 or less).
p- plowing or other disturbance.
The symbol p is used as a suffix with A to indicate disturbances by
cultivation or pasturing. Even though a soil has been truncated and
the plow layer is clearly in what was once B horizon, the disignation
Ap is used. When an Ap is subdivided, the arabic number suffixes
follow, as Apl of Ap2, for the Ap is considered comparable to Al, A2,
or B2.
t- Illuvial clay
Accumulation of translocation silicate clay are indicated by the
suffix t (German ton, clay). The suffix t is used only with B, as
B2t to indicate the nature of the B.
x- Fragipan character
The symbol x is used as a suffix with horizon designations to indicate
genetically developed properties of firmness, brittleness, high density,
and characteristic distribution of clay that are diagnostic of fragipans.
Rock Types
carb - carbolith Sh - shale
LS - limestone SS - sandstone
MR - mudrock OW - glacial outwash
MS - mudstone
~/gyp - anY tock type with gypsum crystals evident
-/I - any rock type Intercalated or thinly interlayered with any
other rock type.
309
-------
Conversion Factors
All the units in the data tables are english for ease of reading
and understanding. To convert these units into the metric system
use the following conversion factors:
1. To change feet to meters multiply by 0.3048.
2. To change pounds/1000 tons to milligrams/kilogram,
multiply by 0.5.
3. Tons/1000 tons is equal to grams/kilogram.
310
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-76-184
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Extensive Overburden Potentials for Soil
and Water Quality
5. REPORT DATE
August 1976 (Issuing Date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Richard M. Smith, Andrew A. Sobek, Thomas Arkle, Jr.,
John C. Sencindiver and John R. Freeman
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
College of Agriculture and Forestry
West Virginia University
Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE-623
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R 802603-01
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 11/1/73 - 4/1/75
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA - ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Chemical, physical and mineralogical measurements and interpretations
developed during previous studies in West Virginia have been improved and
applied to coal overburden columns in 12 widely spaced Neighborhoods and 2
Adjunct locations in 10 states, from Pennsylvania on the Northeast to Alabama
on the southeast and Oklahoma on the west.
Field studies in each Neighborhood and Adjunct location involved logging
and sampling soil and rock horizons from surface to coal, testing and improving
field clues, determining properties of mine soils and water resulting from
mining operations, and checking reclamation. Results in different coal basins
have broadened our perspectives and strengthened our conclusions. Refinements
have been made in field observations, laboratory methods and interpretations
related to kinds of minesoils and anticipated uses of mined lands.
Consistent overburden property relationships within basins and over
particular named coals provide opportunities for generalizations and extra-
polation between sampled sites.
It appears feasible to use detailed information from overburden sampling
and analysis as an aid to pre-mining planning of surface mining operations
including reclamation and projected land use.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. cos AT I Field/Group
*Coal Mines, *Strip Mining
*0verburden, *Chemical Properties,
*Weathering
*Potential Toxicity,
*Neutralization Potential
*Available Nutrients,
*Minesoils, Soil Formation
*Acid-Base Account
Preplanning, Analytical
Properties
8 G
13 B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
329
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
311
fcUSGPO: 1976 — 657-695/5475 Region 5-11
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