EPA-600/2-77-075
April 1977 , Environmental Protection Technology Series
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION
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Industrial Environmental Research
Office of Research and
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U S Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields
The nine series are
1 Environmental Health Effects Research
2 Environmental Protection Technology
3 Ecological Research
4 Environmental Monitoring
5 Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6 Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7 Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8 "Special" Reports
9 Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECH-
NOLOGY series This series describes research performed to develop and dem-
onstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent en-
vironmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution This work
provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161
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EPA-600/2-77-075
April 1977
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
November 1976 - January 1977
by
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck, and Paul Nordin
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
Grant No. R803992
Project Officer
J. S. Dorrler
Oil & Hazardous Materials Spills Branch
Industrial Enviromental Research Laboratory-Cincinnati
Edison, New Jersey 08817
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
LIBRARY
,•. 3 .•':.'.:. ..... ;-':T'\L PROTECTION
j,
08817
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
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FOREWORD
When energy and material resources are extracted, processed,
converted, and used, the related pollutional impacts on our
environment and even on our health often require that new and
increasingly more efficient pollution control methods be used.
The Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati
(lERL-Ci) assists in developing and demonstrating new and improved
methodologies that will meet these needs both efficiently and
economically.
This report is a product of the above efforts. It cites current
events, literature, research, patents, and other material relevant
to the oil pollution abatement program and is published in an abstract
format on a quarterly basis. As such, it serves as a basic reference
document for all those interested in oil spill and oil pollution control
This project is part of the continuing program of the Oil & Hazardous
Materials Spills Branch, lERL-Ci to assess and mitigate the environ-
mental impact of oil pollution.
David G. Stephan
Director
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati
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ABSTRACT
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin
designed to review current scientific and technical publications
and research projects in the field of oil pollution. Subject
coverage includes all aspects of aquatic and terrestrial oil
pollution. This issue contains summaries of research projects
and published information selected from the scientific and tech-
nical literature during the period November, 1976 through January,
1977
The following sections are included in the report:
I. Reports, Publications, and Patents
II. Current Research Projects
III. Current Oil-Related Conferences
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant No.
R803992-01 by the Marine Science Institute, University of California,
Santa Barbara, California, under the sponsorship of the Environmental
Protection Agency.
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract iv
Acknowledgements viii
Introduction ix
Sections
I. Reports, Publications and Patents
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Reporting 1
2. Monitoring 10
3. Remote Sensing 18
4. Sampling 25
5. Analysis 27
6. Source identification 34
B. Oil Pollution Prevention and Control
1. Containment 37
2. Cleanup and Recovery 39
3. Oil Transfer and Transport 51
4. Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods 56
5. Reclamation and Reuse 83
6. Personnel Training and Education 89
7. Contingency Planning 90
8. Prevention and Control Measures 92
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C. Effects of Oil Pollution Page
1. Biological Effects 101
2. Economic Effects 119
3. General Effects 120
D. Effects of Oil Exploration and Production
1. Biological Effects 126
2. Social Effects 129
3. Chemical Effects 130
4. Economic Effects 131
5. General Effects 134
E. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biodegradation 146
2. Physical Changes 152
3. Chemical Changes 154
4. General Fate of Oil 155
F. Oil Pollution Regulations
1. State Legislation 164
2. U.S. Legislation 165
3. International Legislation 167
4. Foreign Legislation 168
5. Agreements and Conventions 169
6. Standards and Guidelines 172
G. Bibliographies 174
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II. Current Research Projects
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Monitoring 179
2. Remote Sensing 184
3. Analysis 185
B. Oil Pollution Prevention and Control
1. Cleanup and Recovery 188
2. Restoration 190
3. Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods 192
4. Prevention and Control Measures 196
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Effects 198
2. Economic Effects 212
3. General Effects 213
D. Fate of Oil in the Marine Environment
1. Biodegradation 215
2. General Fate of Oil 217
III. Current Conferences 220
Master List of Keywords 243
Subject Index 248
Author Index 286
Appendix 291
vn
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors express their gratitude to Ms. Kathy Courtney for typing
the camera-ready copy of Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports.
We also wish to thank the personnel of the Science-Engineering Library,
University of California, Santa Barbara, for their professional
assistance during the research stages of the project, and Mr. Bruce
Harger for his efforts in developing the computer program for the
Subject Index.
vm
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INTRODUCTION
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin which
reviews pertinent scientific and technical publications and research
projects to provide its readers with current developments in the field
of oil pollution. This issue contains summaries of articles, reports,
patents, documents, and other materials relating to oil pollution
published during the period 1974 to 1976 (Section I); summaries and
status of current research projects (Section II); and current oil-
related conferences (Section III).
Subjects covered include all aspects of aquatic and terrestrial oil
pollution. Items in Section I are categorized by seven major subdivisions
which are divided into thirty-two specific subject categories. These
are presented in the Table of Contents. Patents and patent applications
are announced under appropriate subject categories. Subject and author
indexes for entries in Section I are provided at the end of the report.
A list of the periodicals reviewed in preparing this series appears in
the Appendix.
Section II presents titles of active or recently completed oil pollution
research projects, summaries of project objectives, and current status
information and/or resulting publications provided upon request by the
principal investigators or performing organization. Notices of research
projects were obtained from the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
(SSIE); American Society for Microbiology, Aquatic Microbiology News-
letter; and Canada, Department of the Environment, Spill Technology
Newsletter. Entries are arranged according to the same subject categories
as in Section I and are ordered by serial number within each subject
division. Some of the current projects listed in previous Oil Pollution
Reports have been recently renewed. These projects have been relisted
and headed by the same serial number as originally reported, followed
by the word (renewal). Renewal entries are listed at the beginning of
each subject category.
Section III, Current Oil-Related Conferences, contains descriptive
information on recently held and upcoming conferences relevant to
any aspects of oil pollution. Conference dates are listed; and, when
information is available, titles, authors, and abstracts of conference
papers are included. All information for this section was obtained
from the periodicals reviewed (Appendix) and from responses to written
inquiries concerning the meetings.
Entries in Section I and II have separate serial numbers. The letters
preceding the serial numbers designate the following: C, reports,
publications, and patents; and R, research projects.
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SECTION I. REPORTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND PATENTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. REPORTING
C-0001-77
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical and Engineering News 54(46):20.
Oil spills, Beaches, Metula oil spill, Tankers, Strait of
Magellan
Dr. Roy Hann Jr., director of Texas A & M's Center for Marine
Resources, reports that the Strait of Magellan will be fouled
by oil for more than a decade due to the supertanker Metula
which spilled 48,600 metric tons (54,000 tons) of oil there
in 1974. In some places the oil has penetrated up to 18 cm
(7 inches) of beach sand, producing a pavement-like surface on
the beach.
C-0002-77
ATLANTIC COAST DRILLING SET (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Action 8(3):6.
Offshore drilling, DCS, Atlantic coast, Environmental effects,
Socio-economic effects
In August, 1976, oil companies collectively bid $3.5 billion
for oil and gas leases on federally owned, outer sea-shelf
areas of the Baltimore Canyon Trough region. The 154 tracts
offered cover an area of about 355,000 hectares (876,000 acres)
and are from 80 to 145 km offshore. Environmentalists are con-
cerned not only about possible oil spills but also about the
economic and social impact of the massive drilling projects
on coastal communities.
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C-0003-77
FILTH FROM THE SEA (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Environment 18(7):21.
Contamination, Waste oil, *Sewage, Beaches, New York
In what seemed to be a protest by the environment, garbage,
sewage, oil and oily waste and other detritus began washing
up on New York beaches as the height of the Bicentennial
celebration approached, in mid to late June, 1976. The
news brief reports on this event, its possible sources, and
reaction by the public and government personnel to the
spreading blight.
C-0004-77
LARGE OIL SPILLS (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Environment 18(7):22.
Oil spills, Tankers, *Supertanker accidents
The news brief reviews recent supertanker accidents which
have accounted for a tonnage loss of 815,000 tons in the
first four and one-half months of 1976 alone. The resultant
oil spills are briefly covered.
C-0005-77
MID-VALLEY PIPELINE COMPANY CRUDE OIL TERMINAL FIRE NEAR
LIMA, OHIO, JANUARY 17, 1975
Anon. 1976.
Pipeline accident report, NTSB-PAR-76-3. 24 p.
Pipelines, Crude oil, *0il terminal fire, Ohio
The accident was believed to be caused by the inadvertent
closing of a 12-inch, motor-operated valve against the crude
oil stream and the subsequent buildup of pressure until a sub-
standard flange in a lov;-pressure meter manifold ruptured.
The crude oil which sprayed from the crack probably was
ignited when a truck in the meter building was started.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(18): #PB-253 9987
OGA. 1976]
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C-0006-77
MORE OIL (news brief)
Anon. 1976
Environment 18(7):22-23.
Oil spills, Inland, Crude oil, Fuel oil, U.S., Canada
The news brief reviews the occurrence of five major inland
oil spills from April to June, 1976, as reported by the Center
for Short-lived Phenomena. Well over 110 million liters (over
21 million gallons) of crude oil and fuel oil were spilled in
these separate incidents which occurred in Ohio, Tennessee,
Texas, New Jersey, and in the St. Lawrence Seaway.
C-0007-77
OIL BARGE SINKS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(9):163.
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Chesapeake Bay, Beaches, Birds, Marine
organisms, *0il barge
A barge filled with Bunker C fuel oil sank in 33 m of water in
lower Chesapeake Bay, spilling over 950,000 liters (250,000 gal)
of oil and polluting 150 km of beaches. Ten thousand birds
were affected and 32 km of commercial shellfish beds were
contaminated.
C-0008-77
OIL SLICK IN THE CLYDE (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(10):180.
Oil slicks, Estuaries, United Kingdom, Birds, Source
identification, Bilges
An oil slick about 1.6 km (1 mile) in length has reached the
shore at Maidens and Dunure in the Clyde Estuary. Tar lump
samples were sent to the Purification Board laboratories for
analysis and possible identification. Several seabirds were
killed by the oil which was probably discharged bilge water
from a ship.
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C-0009-77
OIL SPILL IDENTIFICATION (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(10):179.
Oil spills, Source identification, Tankers, Florida, *U.S.
Coast Guard
As a result of the discharge of several thousand gallons of
oil into the sea off Key West, Florida in 1975, the U.S. Coast
Guard inspected 250 vessles known to be in the area at that
time. Fifty oil samples were taken for comparative analysis
with the dumped oil. The only ship whose samples matched
those from the site of the spill was the Liberian tanker,
"Garbis". The owners, an English shipping company, now face
possible fines.
C-0010-77
PREVENTION OF OIL POLLUTION (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(8):142.
Oil spills, United Kingdom, Crude Oil, *Fines
The United Kingdom's Department of Trade imposed ^81,380
of fines due to oil pollution in 1975. Fifty-six prosecutions
were undertaken out of 1731 inspections of various vessels and
all were successful. The most serious case involved the
spillage of 2250 metric tons (2500 tons) of crude oil from
the tanker, "Olympic Alliance".
C-0011-77
SPILLS NEWSLETTER AVAILABLE (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Chemistry in Canada 28(8):18.
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Information systems, *Spills
Newsletter
"Spill Technology Newsletter is a mimeographed newsletter
published bi-monthly by the Environmental Emergency Branch,
Environmental Protection Service, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH3.
Editorial contents emphasize oil spill research and control
technology activities."
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C-0012-77
TRANSFRONTIER POLLUTION: TOWARDS A COMMON APPROACH
Anon. 1976.
The Science of the Total Environment 6(2):194-196.
Contamination, Mediterranean Sea, Hydrocarbons, Oil discharges,
Tankers, Refineries
A recent study was commissioned by OECD's Environment Committee
to investigate the adverse effects resulting from pollution
of coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The study concludes
that pollution of the Mediterranean by hydrocarbons is by far
the most pervasive problem. The quantity of hydrocarbons dis-
charged into the sea every year is estimated at 300,000 tons
from oil tankers using free zones of discharge, and 20,000
tons from refineries. This estimate does not include other
sources such as loading and unloading of tankers, accidental
spillages, and offshore drilling.
C-0013-77
UPDATING THE NAVY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DATA BASE TO
INCORPORATE OIL SPILL CLEANUP PERFORMANCE
Antonelli, J. 1975.
Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California,
NTIS #AD-A012 663. 70 p.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Information systems, Environmental
protection, Contingency planning, Economics, *Data base,
*Navy
Methods for reporting, collecting, and disseminating information
about oil spills to and from the Navy Environmental Protection
Data Base are proposed. The reporting aspect consists of a
contingency plan, an initial report and a post-action report.
Data collection emphasizes information which will yield
accurate cost figures. New report formats will be included
in quarterly summary reports to improve the dissemination.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(16):#W76-08320
1976]
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C-0014-77
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND FOODS
Barnett, D. 1976.
C.S.I.R.O. Food Research Quarterly (36):8-12.
PAH, Contamination, *Foods, Health hazards, Carcinogens
"A review with 21 references of the occurrence of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in foods, the sources of contamination,
and the potential health hazards."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(13): #92239r. 1976]
C-0015-77
CANADIAN OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS IN 1974 AND 1975
Beach, R.A., and K.M. Meikle. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter l(3):23-28.
Oil spills, Information systems, Canada
A number of tables are presented which summarize oil and
hazardous materials spills in Canada for 1974-1975. About
900 events annually are recorded in a computerized databank
known as NATES (National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies
Systems) which was established in 1972. The spill information
is listed by source, cause, amount spilled, and type of
incident. Addresses are provided for persons having spill
information to report.
C-0016-77
FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS OVER OIL POLLUTION OF THE SANDS OF FORVIE
(news brief)
Bourne, W.R.P. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(9):164.
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Environmental effects, Birds, Scotland,
*Sands of Forvie
An investigation into the grounding of the "Minto" and the
resulting diesel oil spill off the Sands of Forvie National
Nature Reserve in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, revealed many in-
consistencies in the reporting of the environmental effects of
the oil spill. This was especially noticeable in the area of
Eider and seabird deaths.
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C-0017-77
SYMPOSIUM WEIGHS EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
Leeper, E.M. 1976.
Bioscience 26(10):601-604.
Hydrocarbons, Biological effects, Fate, Environmental effects,
"''Symposium
A symposium is reviewed entitled, "Sources, Effects, and Sinks
of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment", held at
American University, Washington, D.C., August 9-11, 1976.
Emphasized are the environmental and biological effects of
hydrocarbons. FFI contact Patricia Russell, Special Science
Programs Dept., AIBS, 1401 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209.
C-0013-77
BURNING WATERS
Markow, H.L. 1976.
The Florida Bar Journal 50(l):20-23.
Oil spills, Inland, Pollution prevention, Legislation, Liability,
Contingency planning, *Reporting requirements
Means to reduce the danger of inland waters burning from the
presence of oil pollutants are covered. Increasingly strict
federal and state legislation regarding oil spillage and
liability assessment, and constant surveillance and preparedness
by U.S. Coast Guard National Strike Force teams our helping to
reduce the problem. Strictly enforced spill reporting require-
ments and prompt private reporting of spills are considered
the best means of preventing oil spills from becoming
holocausts.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20): #W76-10741.
1976]
C-0019-77
USSR MOVES TO CONTROL POLLUTION
Micol , C.W. 1976.
Oilweek 27(35):18-19.
Oil spills, Pollution control, USSR, Cleanup, Booms, Skimmers,
Dispersants
The Soviet Union's approach to oil spills and oil pollution
since new water legislation was put into force by the Supreme
Soviet in 1971 is reviewed. Booms, skimmers, dispersants, and
polyurethane foam are used depending on slick size and thickness;
oil spill incidents have been significantly reduced.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(47): #227,232. 1976]
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C-0020-77
THE URQUIOLA OIL SPILL - LA CORUNA, SPAIN
Robertson, I., J.R. McDonald, N.S. Robertson, and L.B. Solsberg.
1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter l(3):5-8.
Oil spills, Tankers, Cleanup, Dispersants, Acute effects, Marine
organisms, Spain, *Urquiola oil spill
The Urquiola oil spill incident, which began with a tanker
grounding and subsequent explosion on May 12, 1976, is described.
The containment, dispersal, and cleanup efforts by government
agencies and private contractors are reviewed. The acute biological
effects of the oil and the dispersant upon marine and shore life,
especially the shellfish resources, are noted.
C-0021-77
IS OUR APPROACH TO THE OIL POLLUTION PROBLEM TOO CRUDE?
Sullivan, J.B. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2., p. 809-824.
Oil transport, Crude oil, Petroleum products, Oil discharges,
Oceans, Carcinogens
Presented are some preliminary notes dealing with quantities
of crude oil and product shipped, quantities discharged into
the ocean, and a short literature review of the carcinogenic
content of crudes and of refined products.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20): #W76-11031.
1976]
C-0022-77
REPORT BY THE DEPARTMENT OF TPADE ON THE ACTION TAKEN TO DEAL
WITH THE OIL SPILLED AS A RESULT OF THE COLLISION IN THE DOVER
STRAIT ON 12 NOVEMBER 1975 BETWEEN THE M/T OLYMPIC ALLIANCE AND
HMS ACHILl ES
United Kingdom Department of Trade. 1976.
London, United Kingdom Department of Trade, 1976. 21 p.
Oil spills, Crude oil, Cleanup, United Kingdom, *Dover Strait
The land-based operations and counter measures taken at sea to
clean up 1800 metric tons (2000 tons) of spilled crude oil
in the Dover Strait are described. The national anti-oil
pollution organization and the available facilities are
summarized.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(10): #60,11114.
1976]
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C-0023-77
THE SITUATION IN JAPAN
Yamaguchi, T. 1976.
Prevention and Control of Marine Oil Pollution, Brisbane,
Australia, 1976. North Sydney, Australia, Petroleum Institute
Environmental Conservation Executive, 1976. 20 p. Regional
Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia. Technical Papers.
Oil spills, Contamination, Japan, Biological effects,
Legislation, Pollution prevention
The amount of oil pollution, number of oil spill incidents, and
the degree of pollution from pelagic oil balls monitored from
1969-1974 in and around Japan are tabulated. A spill incident
caused by the failure of a refinery storage tank is reviewed,
with emphasis on the acute and chronic biological effects of
the spill. Existing and proposed Japanese legislation to
prevent or mitigate marine oil pollution is reviewed, and spill
prevention techniques presently under development are briefly
outlined.
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2. MONITORING
C-0024-77
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical and Engineering News 54(47):25.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Bilges, Ballast, Design and
engineering, *Fluorescence, *0il-in-water
Baird-Atomic has developed a prototype oil-in-water content
monitor suitable for use in monitoring shipboard bilge and
ballast water. The unit measures the fluorescence of aromatic
molecules in the oil to determine concentration and will in-
corporate a total luminescence technique for accurately
measuring any oil or mixture of oils without recalibration.
C-0025-77
BASELINE INVESTIGATION OF ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ADJACENT TO
THE SITE OF THE TABLAZO PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX IN PUERTO MIRANDA,
VENEZUELA
Bean, R.M. 1976.
Technical report, Battelle-Northwest Laboratories.
Monitoring, Refineries, Petrochemicals, Venezuela, Environmental
effects, *Baseline studies
Summary not available.
[from A Bibliography of Environmental Research: Ecosystems
Department 1952-1975. Battelle-Northwest, No. BNWL-SA-4655.
P. 7]
C-0026-77
THE OCCURRENCE AND AMOUNT OF PELAGIC TAR IN THE OPEN OCEAN
Butler, J.N. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol.2, p. 375-399.
Monitoring, Tar, Oceans, Detection, Distribution
Quantitative measurements of pelagic tar lumps on the open
ocean have been made since 1969 with amounts varying from less
than 0.1 mg/m^ to over 500 mg/mS depending upon location.
Concentrations in the Mediterranean, the Canary Current, the
North Equatorial Current, and the Sargasso Sea appear to be
higher by more than a factor of ten than tar concentrations in
the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and coastal North America.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20): #76-11008. 1976]
10
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C-0027-77
METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SOME SELECTED ORGANIC PARAMETERS
IN WATER
Carlberg, J.R., and P. Solyom. 1975.
FAO Fisheries technical paper, FIRI/T137. p. 169-192.
Monitoring, Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Storage
Methods are described for the determination of the Mn04-value
of organic matter in natural waters, BOD in wastewaters,
suspended matter content, and small amounts of nonpolar hydro-
carbons (mineral oil) in waters. Sampling techniques and storage
requirements are discussed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12): #83059e. 1976]
C-0028-77
MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING (PETROLEUM)
Butler, J.N., et al. 1974.
World Meteorological Organization/Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission/U.S. Department of Commerce
Symposium, 1974. 333 p.
Monitoring, Sampling, Oil slicks, Tar, Analytical techniques,
Sediments, Marine organisms, Seawater
The proceedings of a conference on monitoring of oil pollution
include presentations on sampling and sampling methods for oil
slicks, tar balls and participates; sampling and analytical
methods for oil in water, marine organisms, and sediments.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(7/8): #76-05079. 1976]
C-0029-77
HYDROCARBON CONTENT IN NEW JERSEY BEACH SANDS, 1973
Dorfman, D., L.W. Littau, T.M. Piecara, J.R. Trout, and
D. Dorfman. 1975.
Bulletin, New Jersey Academy of Sciences 20(1):14-17.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Beaches, New Jersey
A trend of decreasing hydrocarbons was found with significant
differences between areas in a north-to-south gradient. Solvent
washings removed ~ 91% of the total hydrocarbon fraction
present. No differences were found in hydrocarbon removals
obtained above, at, or below the high-tide line.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12): #81230e. 1976]
11
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C-0030-77
HYDROCARBONS IN BLUE MUSSELS FROM THE KIEL BIGHT
Erhardt, M., and J. Heinemann. 1974.
Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum), Proceedings, 1974.
NBS Special Publication 409. p. 221-225.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Detection, Mollusks, *Blue mussel,
*Kiel Bight
Hydrocarbons in concentrations slightly above the natural
background of recent biogenic hydrocarbons were found in the
blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, from a location in the Kiel Bight.
The biogenic hydrocarbon level was higher in mussels collected
after the spring phytoplankton bloom than in mussels collected
in January. Concentrations of cycloalkanes, aromatic hydro-
carbons, and mixed types of fossil origin also had a tendency
to rise.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(19): #W76-10408.
1976]
C-0031-77
IMPROVEMENT OF AN OIL-WATER POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM
Gongaware, W.R. 1976.
Master's Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey,California. 98
Monitoring, *0il pollution, Design and engineering
The improved system utilizes a direct difference method of
total organic carbon determination. The improvements permit
a rapid evaluation of organic carbon content of test samples.
This research was aimed at determining standards for the
type of fluids expected to transport oil into the monitoring
systems.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20): #AD-A027 2377
7GA. 1976]
12
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C-0032-77
IDENTIFICATION, ESTIMATION AND MONITORING OF PETROLEUM IN
MARINE WATERS BY LUMINESCENCE METHODS
Hornig, A.W. 1974.
Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum), Proceedings, 1974.
NBS Special Publication 409. p. 135-144.
Monitoring, Analytical techniques, Source identification, Oil
spills, luminescence methods
When the concentration of residual oils in seawater is less
than 10 ppb, fluorescence analysis is superior to the
absorbance method due to its sensitivity and low interference
level. Luminescence also offers a specific and sensitive
method for the study of oil in water.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(19): #W76-10395.
1976]
C-0033-77
A SHIPBOARD OIL-IN-WATER CONTENT MONITOR BASED ON OIL
FLUORESCENCE
Hornig, A.W., J.T. Brownrigg, B.R. Chisholm, and L.P.
Giering. 1976.
Final report, USCG-D-54-76; Contract DOT-CG-34169. 205 p.
Monitoring, Detection, *0il-in-water, Ships, Design and
engineering
The improved Oil-in-Water Content Monitor uses dual poly-
chromators to present a total luminescence image. The
monitor produces a real time output which is linear in oil
concentration and which can be calibrated directly in ppm.
Results of the laboratory test program are fully documented,
potential problems are discussed, and recommendations
for further improvements are given.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20): #AD-A027 262/
5GA. 1976]
13
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C-0034-77
SHIPBOARD OIL IN WATER MONITOR
Nucor Coro. 1974.
Contract N00024-74-C-5444. 23 p.
Monitoring, Detection, *0il-in-water, Ships, *Flame
spectroscopy
The feasibility of the flame emission technique for the
monitoring of oil in water samples was determined. This
technique is useful for the detection of high vapor pressure
oils; however, the lower vapor pressure oils were not
detected reliably.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20): #AD-A027 635/2GA.
1976]
C-0035-77
BASELINE CONCENTRATIONS OF HYDROCARBONS IN BARRIER - ISLAND
QUARTZ SAND, NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO
Palacas, J.G., P.M. Gerrild, A.M. Love, and A.A. Roberts. 1976.
Geology 4(2):81-84.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Beaches, Gulf of Mexico, Chemical
analysis
Baseline information from which petroleum pollution is
measurable is provided by determinations of t^e amount and
molecular distribution of indigenous hydrocarbons in coastal
sand. Marine, lagoon, and pond facies of the barrier-island
sand were characterized by organic C, alkanes, total hydro-
carbons, alkane/organic C and hydrocarbon/organic C ratios
and gas chromatographical analyses. No evidence of
petroleum pollution was found.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12): #81234j. 1976]
C-0036-77
PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SENSORS
(SECOND) HELD AT NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER, LAS
VEGAS, NEVADA, OCTOBER 10-11, 1973.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1973,
Environmental Protection Agency report. 786 p.
Monitoring, Remote Sensing, Contaminants, Petroleum products,
Water quality, *Air quality
14
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The following technical sessions were discussed: National
Environmental Research Center-Las Vegas programs; National
Aeronautics and Space Administration-Langley Research Center
sensor programs; air quality sensor developments; water
quality sensor development; environmental thematic mapping,
oil and hazardous material sensors; satellite environmental
monitoring applications; environmental monitoring applications,
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19): #PB-254 570/
5GA. 1976]
C-0037-/7
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE
CHERRY POINT SITE AND VICINITY. VOLUME I
Vanderhorst, J.R., and P. Wilkinson. 1974
Final report to Atlantic Richfield Co., Cherry Point Refinery,
Ferndale, Washington.
Monitoring, Refineries, Washington, *Physical and chemical
characterization, Oceans, *Cherry Point Refinery
Summary not available.
[from A Bibliography of Environmental Research: Ecosystems
Department 1952-1975. Battelle-Northwest, No. BNWL-SA-4655.
p. 130]
C-0038-77
FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES TO OBTAIN A COMPARATIVE BASELINE
FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF REFINERY DISCHARGE AND POTENTIAL
OIL SPILLAGE ON THE CHERRY POINT ENVIRONS. VOL. II.
BASELINE STUDIES
Vanderhorst, J.R., P. Wilkinson. 1974.
Final report to Atlantic Richfield Co., Cherry Point Refinery,
Ferndale, Washington.
Monitoring, *Baseline studies, Environmental effects, Oil
discharges, Refineries, Oil spills, Washington, Cherry Point
refinery
Summary not available.
[from A Bibliography of Environmental Research: Ecosystems
Department 1952-1975. Battelle-Northwest, No. BNWL-SA-4655.
p. 130]
15
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C-0039-77
FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES TO OBTAIN A COMPARATIVE BASELINE
FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF REFINERY DISCHARGE AND POTENTIAL
OIL SPILLAGE ON THE CHERRY POINT ENVIRONS. VOL. III. REFINERY
IMPACT EVALUATIONS
Vanderhorst, J.R., P.Wilkinson,C.!•/. Apts,and S.L. Kiesser. 1974.
Final report to Atlantic Richfield Co., Cherry Point Refinery,
Ferndale, Washington.
Monitoring, *Baseline studies, Environmental effects, Oil
discharges, Refineries, Oil spills, Washington, *Cherry Point
refinery
Summary not available.
[from A Bibliography of Environmental Research: Ecosystems
Department 1952-1975. Battelle-Northwest, No. BNWL-SA-4655.
p. 130]
C-0040-77
FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES TO OBTAIN A COMPARATIVE BASELINE
FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF REFINERY DISCHARGE AND POTENTIAL
OIL SPILLAGE ON THE CHERRY POINT ENVIRONS. VOL. IV. BIOASSAY
STUDIES
Vanderhorst, J.R., P. Wilkinson, and S.L. Kiesser. 1974.
Final report to Atlantic Richfield Co., Cherry Point Refinery,
Ferndale, Washington.
Monitoring, *Baseline studies, Environmental effects, Oil
discharges, Refineries, Oil spills, Washington, *Cherry Point
refinery
Summary not available.
[from A Bibliography of Environmental Research: Ecosystems
Department 1952-1975. Battelle-Northwest, No. BNWL-SA-4655.
p. 130]
C-0041-77
COLONIAL AUKS AND EIDERS AS POTENTIAL INDICATORS OF OIL
POLLUTION
Vermeer, K. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(9) :165-167.
Monitoring, Contamination, Birds, Oil spills, Coasts, Canada
The monitoring of colonial auk populations in eastern Canada
can be used as an indicator of the effects of oil pollution
on the seabirds of Canada's coastal zones. In the western
Arctic common eiders may serve as the best indicators of oil
pollution, as auk populations are scarce.
16
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C-0042-77
PELAGIC TAR IN THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
Wong, C.S., D.R. Green, and W.J. Cretney. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia,
1973. Vol. 2. p. 400-415.
Monitoring, Tar, Oceans, Pacific Ocean, Distribution
Tar lump concentration monitoring by means of a net tow would
be a convenient method of monitoring the level of oil pollution
in the world's oceans. Data on the standing stock of tar balls
and their annual and seasonal variation could be ascertained in
a short time.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20): #W76-11009.
1976]
C-0043-77
THE BALTIC SEA POLLUTION
Zmudzinski, L. 1975.
Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 22(4):601-614.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Baltic Sea, Crustaceans, Fishes,
Biodegradation, Bacteria
In studies of hydrocarbon contamination of the Baltic Sea from
1971 to 1973, some crustacean species were found to be bio-
indicators of hydrocarbons, while benthic fishes were not
sensitive to hydrocarbons. Flavobacterium bacteria showed
the highest biodegradation activity which decreased with
decreasing temperature and increasing hydrocarbon concentration.
[from Biological Abstracts 62(11): #63304. 1976]
17
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3. REMOTE SENSING
C-0044-77
REMOTE SENSING AS A MONITORING TOOL
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(10):972-973.
Remote sensing, Oil spills, Environmental protection,
Pollution control
Actions taken by the Remote Sensing Division of the Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory, EPA, to monitor an oil spill
in the Mississippi River in March, 1975, are reviewed as an
example of how aerial photographs are used for the surveillance
of environmental threats. Other applications of remote sensing
are given and research and development in the field are dis-
cussed.
C-0045-77
REMOTE SENSING OF OIL SLICKS. RESULTS FROM A FIELD EXPERIMENT
IN THE BALTIC SEA, SEPTEMBER 1974
Axelsson, S. 1975.
Saab-Scania AB, Linktiping, Sweden, Report RL-0-3-R27. 78 p.
Remote sensing, Oil spills, Baltic Sea, *Multisensor technique
Various remote sensing techniques were used to map different
types of oil spills at sea in order to compare equipment
sensitivity. The use of multisensor technique was found to be
necessary in order to accurately map oil spills. Further
studies of the false alarm risk are recommended.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(4): #6Q4271.
1976]
C-0046-77
REMOTE SENSING OF OIL POLLUTION WITH IR AND MICROWAVE RADIO-
METRY. RESULTS FROM A FIELD EXPERIMENT
Axelsson, S., and K. Kaski. 1974.
Saab-Scania AB, LinkSping Sweden, Report RL-0-3-B265. 36 p.
Remote sensing, Oil Slicks, Spreading, Analytical techniques,
*Microwave radiometry, *IR radiometry
18
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The capabilities of airborne microwave and thermal IR
radiometry for estimating the extent and volumes of oil slicks
were field tested and compared. Most of the visible areas of
the slick were not detected by IR radiometry, indicating an
oil film thickness less than 0.5 y. Microwave radiometry
was found to be useful in estimating volumes of thick oil films,
Repeated coverage at different wavelength bands (ultraviolet
to infrared) yields data useful for pointing out the thickest
slick areas and for estimating volumes.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(7): #6Q7631.
1976]
C-0047-77
APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY TO ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS OF DELAWARE AND DELAWARE BAY
Bartlett, D., V. Klemas, W. Philpot, and R. Rogers. 1975.
NASA Earth Resources Survey Symposium, 1975. Vol 2-B.
Special Session Presentations. Coastal Zone Management,
State and Local Users, User Services, p. 188-194.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Models, Movement, Delaware Bay
"Digital processing of multispectral LANDSAT data was used to
develop a computerized model for predicting oil slick move-
ment within the Delaware Bay. LANDSAT imagery was also used
to monitor offshore waste disposal sites for mapping of
wetlands, and charting of tidal currents."
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(17):
#N76-26649. 1976]
C-0048-77
EVALUATION OF A PASSIVE MICROWAVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE MEASURE-
MENT OF OIL FILM THICKNESS IN A TEST TANK ENVIRONMENT
Hollinger, J.P., and J.E. Kenney. 1976.
Report no. NRL-MR-3308. 5? p.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Containment, Cleanup, *Performance
tests, *Microwave equipment
The performance testing and evaluation of various oil contain-
ment and cleanup devices require an accurate determination of
the distribution and thickness of oil being recovered from the
water surface. The objective of this study was to develop and
apply a multifrequency passive microwave technique to the
measurement of oil film thicknesses in a test tank for the
quantification of performance data in oil cleanup and contain-
ment device evaluation tests.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19): #AD-A026 829/2GA.
1976]
19
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C-0049-77
REMOTE SENSING OF ESTUARINE FRONTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON OIL
SLICKS
Klemas, V., and D.F. Polls. 1976.
University of Delaware, College of Marine Studies. Report
CMS-RANN-4-76. 48 p.
Remote sensing, Estuaries, Delaware Bay, Drift, Spreading,
Oil slicks, Models, *Estuarine fronts
Aircraft and boats were combined to study the behavior of
different types of fronts in Delaware Bay and their effect
on pollutants in order to provide a basis for improving an
oil drift and spreading model. Imagery from the LANDSAT
satellites provided the most effective means of determining
the location and extent of frontal systems over all portions
of the tidal cycle.
C-0050-77
A NEW CONCEPT FOR THE REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF OIL FLUORESCENCE
CONVERSION EFFICIENCY
Kung, R.T.V., and I. Itzkan. 1975.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment,
10th, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1975. Ann Arbor, Environmental
Research Institute of Michigan, 1975. Vol. 1. p. 231-241.
Remote sensing, Oil spills, *0il fluorescence conversion
efficiency
"A method is proposed for the absolute remote measurement of
oil fluorescence conversion efficiency during the remote
monitoring of oil spills from an aircraft using a laser as an
excitation source. The method employs the integrated water
Raman return as a reference that is calibrated by the measure-
ment of the temporal Raman decay constant without prior
knowledge of the oil film thickness. The oil fluorescence
conversion efficiency is a good identifier of oil types since
it spans over three orders of magnitude from heavy residual to
light oils."
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(16): #A76-35020.
197G]
20
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C-0051-77
DETECTION AND ANALYSIS FOR WATER SURFACE COVERED WITH OIL FILM
Matsui, M., S. Tsutsumi, and T. Takagi. 1975.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 10th,
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1975. Ann Arbor, Environmental Research
Institute of Michigan, 1975. Vol. 1. p. 223-230.
Remote sensing, Detection, Oil slicks, *Infrared sensors
Discrimination of target areas from additive background
radiation presents a serious problem to passive infrared
sensors operating in the 10 to 13 micron range. Both the
scanning angle dependence of the spatial radiance distribution
over the sea surface, and the relationship of the sea surface
radiance vs. the thickness of oil film by which the water
surface is uniformly covered are discussed in the report.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(16): #A76-35019.
1976]
C-0052-77
REMOTE SENSING REPORT. BALTIMORE HARBOR AND WICOMICO RIVER
BASIN, MARYLAND
National Field Investigations Center - Denver. 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency report. 208 p.
Remote sensing, Harbors, Rivers, Maryland, Wastewaters, Oil
discharges, Water quality, *0il pollution
The title investigation was conducted on 9 May 1973, for the
purpose of documenting the presence of discharges of waste-
water to the Harbor from municipal and industrial sources,
storm drains, and other unidentifiable sources. Observed
discharges were compared to known industrial wastewater dis-
charges to identify locations of potential sources that had
not filed for waste discharge permits. The relative magnitude,
color, dispersion behavior, and levels of concentrations
of the detected discharges and resulting plumes were
documented.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20): #PB-255 592/8GA.
1976]
21
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C-0053-77
THE THERMAL RADIO EMISSION OF A CONTAMINATED SEA SURFACE
Rayzer, V.Y., Y.A. Sharkov, and V.S. Etkin. 1976.
Report, NASA-TT-F-17033, PR-237; Contract NASW-2790. 32 p.
Remote sensing, Contaminants, Oceans, Oil slicks, Emulsions,
^Thermal radiation, *Fluid films
Radiation characteristics of water-film structures were
calculated based on such parameters as thickness and temoera-
ture for various dielectric properties of contaminant oil
films, with allowance for the formation of water-oil emulsions.
Remote sensing apolications of such radiation characteristics
are discussed.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(17): #N76-
26716. 1976]
C-0054-77
REMOTE SENSING OF AN OIL OUTFLOW ACCIDENT AT THE INLAND SEA
OF JAPAN
Shimoda, H., T. Sakata, S. Tatsumi, and K. Tanaka. 1976.
American Society of Photogrammetry and American Congress on
Surveying and Mapping Convention, Phoenix, Arizona, 1975.
Falls Church, Virginia, American Society of Photogrammetry,
1976. p. 344-363.
Remote sensing, Oil spills, Oil slicks, Spreading, Sea of
Japan
A cracked oil tank spilled 8000 kiloliters of heavy oils
into the Inland Sea of Japan in 1974. A recent investigation
of remaining oil slicks using remote sensing found high
altitude natural color photography the best method for
determining oil spreading patterns. Thickness of oil slicks
can be aoproximated using thermal scanning and red tides,and
oil slicks can be distinguished using green, blue, and
infrared bands.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(19): #A76-38518.
1976]
22
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C-0055-77
THE UTILITY OF SKYLAB PHOTO-INTERPRETED EARTH RESOURCES
DATA IN STUDIES OF MARINE GEOLOGY AND COASTAL PROCESSES IN
PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Trumbull, J.V.A. 1975.
Final report, NASA-CR-147437; NASA Order T-4658-B. 141 p.
Remote sens ing, Coasts, Sediments, Coral reefs, Oil slicks,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, *Skylab
Three Skylab earth resources passes over Puerto Rico and
St. Croix in 1974 and 1975 resulted in color photography
and multispectral photography and scanner imagery. Bathy-
metric and turbid water features are differentiate by
use of the multispectral data. Photography allows mapping
of coral reefs, offshore sand deposits, areas of coastal
erosion, and patterns of sediment transport. Effluent
discharges and oil slicks are readily detected and distinct
from other phenomena by the persistence of their images
into longer wavelength multispectral bands.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20): #E76-10414.
1976]
C-0056-77
RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF CONTROLLED OIL SPILLS
van Kuilenberg, J. 1975.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment,
10th, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1975. Ann Arbor, Environmental
Research Institute of Michigan, 1975. Vol. 1. p. 231-241.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Oil spills, Detection, *Radar
Studies and experiments of radar detection of oil slicks
on the sea surface are described. Scatterometer tests in
a wave tank indicate that oil is always detectable, but
oil type and thickness have little influence on the radar
echo. The radar observation of the wave damping effect of
oil films is proposed as a useful indicator of the physical
properties of the oil.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(16): #A76-35020.
1976]
23
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C-0057-77
REMOTE SENSING OF LUMINESCING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS USING
A FRAUNHOFER LINE DISCRIMINATOR (FLD)
Watson, R.D., W.R. Hemphill, and R.C. Bigelow. 1975.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment,
10th, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1975. Ann Arbor, Environmental
Research Institute of Michigan, 1975. Vol. 1. p. 203-222.
Remote sensing, Detection, Oil spills, Natural seepage,
*Fraunhofer Line Discriminator
A redesigned Fraunhofer Line Discriminator (FLD) was field
tested for its ability to detect luminescent water pollutants,
The instrument has demonstrated its usefulness for detecting
and monitoring several sources of pollution including oil
spills and oil seeps.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 16(16): #A76-35018.
1976]
24
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4. SAMPLING
C-0058-77
SAMPLING AND IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTANT OILS IN INDUSTRIAL
WATERCOURSES. FINAL REPORT, JULY 1968-JULY 1971
Baler, R.E., E.A. Gasiecki, R.P. Leonard, and E.J. Mack. 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency report, EPA-600/2-76-031;
PB-249362/5. 256 p.
Samplings, Oil slicks, Analytical techniques, Chromatography,
Spectrometry
Simple quantitative methods are described for sampling oil
slick layers up to several centimeters in thickness and
subject to varying degrees of weathering, emulsification or
admixture with debris. Various gas Chromatography and
infrared spectrometry techniques used in pollutant analyses
are considered with emphasis on the comparison of oil slick
components to those present in industrial effluents.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(16): #N76-
25697. 1976]
C-0059-77
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS FOUND IN MUSSELS IN THE GULF OF
VENICE, USED AS A REFERENCE BASE FOR ESTIMATING THE DEGREE OF
POLLUTION OF THE LAGOON [English summary]
Fossato, V.U., and E. Siviero. 1975.
Atti Delia Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei Memorie Classe Di
Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Natural! 58(4):641-646.
Sampling, Mollusks, Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis,
Chromatography, Adriatic Sea, *Mussels, *Gulf of Venice
Twenty samples of the mussel, Myti 1 us ga 1 JjJprp_vincia 1 is, were
collected from an offshore survey platform in the Upper
Adriatic Sea, and analyses using gas Chromatography
indicated low levels of contamination from fossil fuels
but a significant level of some hydrocarbons of recent bio-
genie origin. Aliphatic hydrocarbon concentrations had a
mean value of 0.65 +_ 0.11 mg/100 g wet weight; this was
used as a reference base for oil pollution studies in the
Lagoon of Venice.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(10):
#6Q11068. 1976]
25
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C-0060-77
PROBLEMS OF THE OIL POLLUTION MEASUREMENTS OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
[in Japanese]
Hayano, S. 1976.
Seisan Kenkyu 28(3):85-91.
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Detection, Solubility, Seawater
"A review with 11 references of solubility of hydrocarbons in
water and detection and determination of oil pollution in
seawater."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(18): #129900c. 1976]
26
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5. ANALYSIS
C-0061-77
IDENTIFICATION OF OIL COMPONENTS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOLLOWED
BY LOW TEMPERATURE LUMINESCENCE ANALYSIS
Brownrigg, J. T., and A. W. Hornig. 1976.
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied
Spectroscopy, 1976. Paper No. 406. Abstract.
Oil spills, Hydrocarbons, Analytical techniques, Chromatography
*Luminescence, *Component identification
Major emitting components of oil were identified by gas
chromatography followed by low temperature (77°K) luminescence
analysis. Specific oil components, such asnaphthalene derivatives,
were measured quantitatively. The luminescence of non-chromato-
graphed samples was interpreted using data on individual components,
leading to a better basis for the methods of oil identification
now in use.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04253. 1976]
C-0062-77
CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROBIAL ISOLATES FROM AN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM:
RELATIONSHIP OF HYDROCARBON UTILIZATION TO AMBIENT HYDROCARBON
CONCENTRATIONS
Buckley, E. N., R. B. Jonas, and F. K. Pfaender. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 32(2):232-237.
Hydrocarbons, Analytical techniques, Spectroscopy, Microorganisms,
Estuaries, North Carolina
Water collected at 12 sites in the Neuse River estuary of North
Carolina was analyzed for total viable counts and total hydro-
carbons. Fluorescence Spectroscopy indicated petroleum hydro-
carbon concentrations ranging from 5 to 79 ng/ml. Microbial
species isolated from each site were tested for their ability to
grow using kerosene as a sole carbon source; at all but two
stations the majority of the species exhibited growth.
C-0063-77
PHOTOMICROGRAPHS CAN HELP ASSESS EFFICIENCY OF OIL-REMOVAL OPERATION
Churchill, R. J. and C. W. Burkhardt. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(24):76-82.
Analytical techniques, Monitoring, Oil-water separation, Design and
engineering
"Emulsion stabilized, photographed and number and size of droplets
counted using a microscope. Unit transportable. Experience in its
use for monitoring ballast water, coagulation-flocculation and
flotation parallel plate oil removal systems given"
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(4):#HMS 7543. 1976]
27
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C-0064-77
THE ORIGIN OF STOMACH OIL IN MARINE BIRDS: ANALYSES OF THE STOMACH
OIL FROM SIX SPECIES OF SUBANTARCTIC PROCELLARIIFORM BIRDS
Clarke, A., and P. A. Prince. 1976.
Journal of Experimental Biology and Ecology 23(1):15-30.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Birds, *Subantarctic
pelagic birds, *Stomach oil, Monitoring
The title study was conducted using thin-layer and gas Chromatography
to determine differences in the stomach oil composition between
species and among individuals of the same species. Analysis of
stomach oil from pelagic birds may be valuable in monitoring offshore
pollution; however, no substantial pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons
was indicated by the present samples.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(17):#119939 h. 1976]
C-0065-77
FEATURE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION
OF SPECTRAL SIGNATURES
DeFigueiredo, R. J. P. 1976.
Technical report, EE-TR-7605; Contract NAS9-12776. 5 p.
Oil spills, Source identification, *Spectral signatures
Study results on the extraction of features from spectral signatures
for the purpose of classifying and identifying these signatures are
described.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(21):#AD-A027 848/1GA. 1976]
C-0066-77
COMPARATIVE HYDROCARBON CONTENT OF ALGAE FROM A SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WHARF AND A CALIFORNIA COASTAL INLET
DiSalvo, L. H., H. E. Guard, and K. Try. 1976.
Phycologia 15(2)-.245-247.
Hydrocarbons, Algae, San Francisco Bay, Carcinogens, PAH, Estuaries,
Food Web, California
The total hydrocarbon content of Ulva and Enteromorpha collected
from the Oakland-Alameda estuary and Drakes Estero in California
was analyzed. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were detected
in algae from the San Francisco Bay. This is particularly relevant
to studies of the transfer of potentially carcinogenic hydrocarbons
through estuarine food webs.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(9):#6Q9905. 1976]
28
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C-0067-77
TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINATION OF BENZO(A)PYRENE IN MARINE ORGANISMS
AND SEDIMENTS
Dunn, B. P. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(10):1018-1021
Chemical analysis, PAH, *Benzo(a)pyrene, Chromatography, *Fluorimetry,
Monitoring, Marine organisms, Sediments
The techniques involve alkaline digestion of samples, column
chromatography on Florisil, DMSO extraction, separation of poly-
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by thin-layer chromatography, and
measurement of benzo(a)pyrene by fluorimetry. Radioactive benzo(a)-
pyrene is used as an internal standard in measuring the recoveries
of the compound for each sample. The procedures appear more than
adequate for monitoring PAH carcinogens in the marine environment.
C-0068-77
ESTIMATION OF HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS IN THE WATER COLUMN OF
COME-BY-CHANCE BAY; 1971-1973
Gordon, D. C., Jr., P. D. Keizer, and P. S. Chamut. 1976.
Fisheries Research Board of Canada Technical Report 442. 13 p.
Hydrocarbons, Seawater, Analytical techniques, Spectroscopy,
Refineries, Canada, Environmental effects, *Come-by-Chance Bay
Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to obtain estimates of hydro-
carbon concentrations during construction of the Newfoundland
Refining Company refinery. Monthly average concentrations ranged
from 0.6 to 5.5 ug/1. There were no consistent vertical or hori-
zontal gradients in concentrations. These data can be used to help
assess the environmental impact of the refinery.
C-0069-77
PACKED HIGH-PERFORMANCE G-t COLUMNS (ABOUT 50,000 HETP) FOR PROFILE
ANALYSIS OF CARCINOGENIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN FOODS,
MINERAL OIL PRODUCTS, VEHICLE EXHAUST, AND CIGARETTE SMOKE CONDENSATE,
ETC.
Grimmer, G., H. Bbhnke, and A. Hillebrandt. 1976.
Fresenius1 Zeitschrift fur Analytische Chemie 279(2):139-140.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography, PAH, Petroleum products, Gasoline
Modifications in the use of gas chromatography for identifying
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are described. Packed high-
performance gas chromatography columns have high separation effect
and are capable of characterizing a large number of PAH compounds,
many of which occur in gasoline and other petroleum products.
29
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C-0070-77
LOS ANGELES HARBOR FIELD INVESTIGATION OF OIL AND SEAWATER BACKGROUND
LUMINESCENCE SIGNATURES
Gross, H. G. 1976.
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectros-
copy, 1976. Paper No. 405. Contract DOT-CG-51988-A. Abstract.
Oil spills, Seawater, California coast, Analytical techniques,
luminescence signatures, *Los Angeles Harbor
UV laser induced luminescence signatures were determined for five
sites in Los Angeles Harbor and one inland water source. An
analysis of the similar signatures suggests that oil and grease
are the principal pollutants. Reflectance signatures and their
relationship to composition need more study.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04252. 1976]
C-0071-77
THE SOLUBILITY OF SEVERAL AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN WATER
Guseva, A. N., and Y. I, Parnov. 1976.
Report No. USAMIIA-K-6467. 5 p.
Solubility, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Analytical techniques,
*Polythermic method
Hydrocarbon solubility in various types of natural solutions under
various conditions is virtually unknown. The solubilities of
aromatic hydrocarbons in water determined in sealed ampules by
the polythermic method are reported. Solubility was found to
increase with temperature and decrease as the number of methyl
groups in the molecule increased.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(23):#AD-A029 649/1GA.
1976]
C-0072-77
THE IMPORTANCE OF SOLVENT COMPENSATION IN OIL IDENTIFICATION
Helman, D. L., R. A. Passwater, and J. MacEmon. 1976.
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied
Spectroscopy, 1976. Paper No. 403. Abstract.
Oil spills, Analytical techniques. Source identification,
*Solvent compensation
"A new solvent compensation mechanism that provides distortion-
free spectra for all fluorometric solvents without recalibration
when switching solvents is described."
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04250. 1976]
30
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C-0073-77
PETROLEUM ANALYSIS: METHODOLOGY FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
ASSESSMENT OF OIL SPILL
Hertz, H. S., W. E. May, S. N. Chesler, and B. H. Gump. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(9):900-903.
Chemical analysis, Oil spills, Chromatography, Spectrometry,
Sampling
Chromatographic techniques for petroleum analysis which are
compatible with long-term studies of oil spills are discussed.
Complementary chemical techniques of gas Chromatography and
coupled-column liquid Chromatography are used for quantification
of petroleum samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is
employed for identification of individual components in the
samples.
C-0074-77
HYDROCARBON POLLUTANTS IN FISH
Hill, T. B. 1975.
Virginia Journal of Science 26(2):80.
PAH, Fishes, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Contamination
Column and gas chromatographic procedures were used to determine
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in fish. Extraction
procedures and analyses are outlined; contamination levels down to
one part per million based on fish weight are detectable.
C-0075-77
THE USE OF TOTAL LUMINESCENCE CONTOUR SPECTRA FOR OIL IDENTIFICATION
Hornig, A. W., H. G. Eldering, and H. J. Coleman. 1976.
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied
Spectroscopy, 1976. Paper No. 407. Abstract.
Oil spills, Analytical techniques, Spectroscopy, Spectrometry,
Chromatography, Source identification, ^luminescence
Total luminescence Spectroscopy data are presented on six topped
crude oils and include contour graphs and standard excitation-
emission graphs on the luminescence of crudes dissolved in methyl
cyclohexane at room temperature. A wide variety of techniques
have been used to extensively study these oils. Total lumines-
cence is evaluated relative to other techniques in respect to
usefulness, complexity, cost, and reproducibility.
31
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C-0076-77
INSTRUMENT FOR DETECTING AND MEASURING TRACE QUANTITIES OF
HYDROCARBONS IN WATER
Le Roux, J. H. 1974.
South African Patent 74 02,379
Hydrocarbons, Detection, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Design
and engineering
Filtration of the water is followed by addition of CCl_4 in a
funnel-shaped settling chamber. As the water rises to the top,
the CCL. settles and is drawn off at the base to a secondary
settling chamber from which it is introduced into an analyzer.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(18):#130315X. 1976]
C-0077-77
ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF AIR AND WATER QUALITY
Mack, D. A. 1975.
ISPRA Symposium, Stresa, Italy, 1975. NSF Contract W-7405-eng-48.
12 p.
Analytical techniques, Contaminants, Hydrocarbons. *Air quality,
Water quality
The most prevalent air and water pollutants resulting from energy
conversion processes are listed, and typical concentrations
encountered in background and urban settings are given. Methods
presently used in the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons and
other pollutants are assessed.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(16):#N76-25688.
1976]
C-0078-77
HYDROCARBONS (NORMAL ALKANES) IN THE SURFACE MICROLAYER OF SEAWATER
Marty, J. C., and A. Saliot. 1976.
Deep-Sea Research 23(9):863-873.
Hydrocarbons, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Seawater, *Surface
microlayer
A quantitative analysis of dissolved and particulate hydrocarbons
in the surface microlayer of the oceans was conducted; samples
were collected with a metallic screen. The hydrocarbons were
generally of biological origin; however, some petroleum derived
hydrocarbons were found.
32
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C-0079-77
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
IN SHELLFISH ON SHORT, WALL-COATED GLASS CAPILLARY COLUMNS
Onuska, F. I., A. W. Wolkoff, M. E. Comba, R. H. Zarose,
M. Novotny, and M. L. Lee. 1976.
Analytical Letters 9(5):451-460.
PAH, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Marine organisms, *Shell-
fish
Gas Chromatography with short, wall-coated capillary columns was
used to analyze polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The
samples were injected onto a precolumn of the injector system
and detected by flame ionization. Requirements for routine
usage of laboratory-made capillary columns and their application
to environmental pollution studies are described.
[from Biological Abstracts 62(8):#46446. 1976]
C-0080-77
IDENTIFICATION OF OIL SAMPLES BY AN ELECTROLYTIC HYDROGEN
EXTRACTION AND FLUORESCENCE METHOD
Schwarz, F. P., and S. Wasik. 1976.
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied
Spectroscopy, 1976. Paper No. 408. Abstract.
Oil spills, Sampling, Analytical techniques, *Fluorescence,
*Hydrogen extraction, Source identification
The fluorescence of seawater samples of Bunker C oil, Kuwait
crude, Louisiana Crude, and No. 2 Fuel Oil was measured with H«
bubbled through the samples between fluorescence measurements.
Results are given.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04255. 1976]
33
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6. SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
C-0081-77
SLICK SLEUTHS
Anon. 1976.
Mechanical Engineering 98(7):47.
Source identification, Oil spills, Analytical techniques,
Monitoring, Remote Sensing
Researchers at University of Rhode Island have developed and
are perfecting a laser-based method for fingerprinting oil spills
and possibly hundreds of waterborne substances classified as
hazardous by EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard. The method works on
the principle that no two contaminants reflect or scatter the
light from a laser beam in the same way; thus each pollutant has
a unique "fingerprint". The system is adoptable for pollution
monitoring and remote sensing of pollutants.
C-0082-77
IDENTIFICATION OF CRUDE AND LUBRICATING OILS BY LOW TEMPERATURE
LUMINESCENCE
Fortier, S. H., and D. Eastwood. 1976.
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied
Spectroscopy, 1976. Paper No. 401. Abstract.
Source identification, Oil spills, Analytical techniques,
*Luminescence, Crude oil, Lubricating oil, Natural seepage,
Pollution control
Luminescence and phosphorescence of crude and lubricating oil
dissolved in methylcyclohexane at 77°K were measured, and the
effects of weathering on these oils for a week period were
examined. The instruments used in the analyses and optimum
instrumental settings for each instrument are described. The
low temperature luminescence method for petroleum oils has been
successfully applied to oil spills and to differentation of
natural seeps from closely similar production oils.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04248. 1976]
C-0083-77
OIL FINGERPRINTING BY PHOSPHORESCENCE: A FEASIBILITY STUDY
Hanks, J. J. , and D. Eastwood. 1976.
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied
Spectroscopy, 1976. Paper No. 402. Abstract.
Source identification, Oil spills, Analytical techniques,
*Phosphorescence
34
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Phosphorescence of oil was studied by means of a Baird-Atomic
Fluorispec fluorescence spectrophotometer, Model SF-100, with
a phosphoroscope accessory. Instrumental settings determined
for phosphorescence and solvent effects studied are outlined.
A standardized phosphorescence method was successfully applied
to an actual oil spill.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5) :#76-04249. 1976]
C-0084-77
EXCHANGE OF COMMENTS: SYSTEMS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM
POLLUTANTS
Mattson, J. S. , and F. K. Kawahara and J. F. Santner. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(13):2022-2023.
Source identification, Chemical analysis, Oil spills, Petroleum
products, Sampling
An exchange of comments is presented between J. S. Mattson,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department
of Commerce; and F. K. Kawahara and J. F. Santner, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, regarding the procedures employed by
Kawahara and Yang (1976) to characterize and identify unknown
oil spill samples to a specific source. (Analytical Chemistry
48:651).
C-0085-77
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF OILS BY SEPARATION OF
THE METHANOL EXTRACTABLE FRACTION
Saner, W. A., G. E. Fitzgerald, and J. P. Welsh. 1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(12):1747-1754.
Source identification, Oil spills, Chemical analysis, Chromato-
graphy, Statistical analysis
A liquid chromatographic technique employing dual ultraviolet
detection was developed for oil spill identification. Using
a methanol-extractable fraction as a fingerprint, a spill
chromatogram was made of the oil. The time of spillage was
estimated by comparing the standard error of the standard
deviations between weathered and unweathered oil chromatograms.
35
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C-0086-77
THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
WATERBORNE PETROLEUM OILS
Saner, W. A., and G. E. Fitzgerald II. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(9):893-897.
Source identification, Contaminants, Chemical analysis, Chromato-
graphy, Fuel oil, Gasoline, *Fluorescence
The development of a thin-layer chromatographic procedure for
the identification of waterborne petroleum oil pollutants is
described. After plating on silica-gel, the components of
the oil are detected by their fluorescence under ultraviolet
light. This fingerprinting technique has been successfully
applied to gasolines, fuel oils, and bilge oils.
C-0087-77
OIL FINGERPRINTING USING DOUBLE BEAM FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA
Sheridan, J. E., and J. R. Jademac. 1976.
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied
Spectroscopy, 1976. Paper No. 404. Abstract.
Source identification, Oil spills, Analytical techniques,
*Fluorescence spectra
"Optimum excitation wavelength, sample concentration, and
excitation and emission bandpasses were determined, and single
beam fluorescence emission spectra for 10 different No. 2 fuel
oils were obtained." The rate of photodecomposition which
indicated the time length a reference sample could be used,
the necessity of using matched cells, and the effect of small
concentration variations were studied in the difference spectra."
Examples and results are presented.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04251. 1976]
36
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B. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
C-0088-77
MATERIALS FOR OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT BOOM
Brunner, D. E. 1976.
Final technical note, Report no. CEL-TN-1440. 32p.
Containment, Oil spills, Booms, *Materials evaluation
A study is described which evaluated containment boom material
requirements. From the limited investigation, polyester was
the most promising substrate material followed by nylon.
Chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyurethane with a polyether
base, chlorinated polyethylene, and poly (vinyl chloride)
formulated with ultraviolet inhibitors are the most promising
coating materials.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(17) :#AD-A026 139/6GA.
1976]
C-0089-77
FLOATING OIL BARRIERS IN THE USA [in German]
Brux, G. 1975.
Gas - Erdgas 116(7):289.
Containment, Oil spills, Booms, Design and engineering
Two types of floating oil barriers developed by Submarine
Engineering Associates, Inc., are described; one is a floating
barrier, the other is submersible to facilitate the movement
of ships. Both are made from PVC reinforced with adiprene and
are designed to float with about 30 cm above and 60 cm below
sea level.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 10(6):1449. 1976]
C-0090-77
DYNAMICALLY EFFECTIVE OIL-GUIDE-BOOM
Steltner, H. A. R. 1976.
Canadian Patent 992,466
Containment, Booms, Oil spills, Design and engineering
A flexible oil-guide-boom and containment barrier is described
which facilitates the collection of spilled oil from a water
surface. The boom basically consists of flexibly connected,
elongate segments which float and support a vertically disposed,
oleophilic fabric barrier.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(38):#224,971. 1976]
37
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C-0091-76
OIL FENCE
Kinase, T., I. Yano, K. Okubo, H. Kitakoga, and H. Tayama.
U.S. Patent 3,971,220
1976.
Containment, Oil spills, Cleanup, Booms, Design and engineering
A floating oil containment barrier is described which consists
of an array of semi-cylindrical floats attached to both sides
of an elongate screen and weighted by a chain shaped sinker
which is attached to the lower edge of the screen. Means for
rolling up and housing the floating barrier are described.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(43):#226,175. 1976]
3,971,220
OIL FENCE
Takeo Kinase; Isamu Yano; Kanichi Okubo; Hidetoshi
Kitakoga, and Hiromitsu Tayama, ail of Sagamihara, Japan,
assignors to Mitsubishi D«nki Kabushiki Kaisha, Japan
Filed Feb. 15, 1974, Ser. No. 443,131
Claims priority, application Japan, Feb. 23, 1973, 48-
23420[U); Aug. 30, 1973, 48-101721[U); D«c. 12, 1973,
48-1441S2(U]
Int. Cl.1 E02B 15/04
IKS. Cl.'61-l F 3CUdm»
C-0092-77
SEALING PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE AREAS IN THE NORTH
Thornton, D. E. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter l(4):19-23.
Containment, Fuels, Petroleum products, Storage, Arctic, *Spill
containment dikes
Techniques and current practices used in the design, construction,
and maintenance of spill containment dikes used in Arctic oil
and fuel storage were reviewed for the Environmental Protection
Service. In general grouting was not considered suitable for
sealing storage areaSj whereas the sealing of soil surfaces with
thermoplastic molten sulfur is considered one of the most
promising techniques.
38
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
C-0093-77
CO-OP IN SEATTLE OPERATES NEW OIL SPILL RECOVERY VESSEL (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Sea Technology 17(10):28-29.
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Puget Sound, Washington, Oil
industry, *Spill recovery vessel
A new oil spill recovery vessel, Clean Sounder, can recover up
to 2270 1/min (600 gal/min) of spilled oil. Contracted and
owned by Clean Sound Co-operative, which is a 14 member organi-
zation of oil, barge, and pipeline companies, Clean Sounder *
operates in the Seattle vicinity of Puget Sound and adjacent
waters.
C-0094-77
FERROMAGNETIC FOAM USED TO CLEAN UP OIL SPILLS (news brief)
Anon. 1-976.
Ocean Industry 11(10):77.
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering,
*Ferromagnetic polyfoam chips
Ferromagnetic foam will be used in an oil spill recovery boat
to recover spilled oil on water. The vessel contains a wringer
mechanism to squeeze the oil out of the chips and a holding
tank to store the recovered oil.
C-0095-77
GAMLEN CLEANBREAK CHEMICAL TANK CLEANER (product information)
Anon. n.d.
Gamlen Chemical Company (UK) Ltd., Wallingford Road, Uxbridge,
Middlesex, UBS 2TD, England, UK.
Wastewater treatment, Cleanup, Oil tanks, Oil-water separation,
Reuse
A biodegradable, nontoxic compound is described which is useful
in tank cleaning. The compound allows for the rapid separation
of oily wash water upon settling and permits the use of oil
as a low grade fuel and the direct discharge of washwater.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(3):#HMS 6978. 1976]
39
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C-0096-77
HEATED OIL SKIMMER (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Pollution Engineering 8(11):40.
Oil spills, Recovery, Skimmers, Design and engineering
The model 6V Oil Skimmer developed by Oil Skimmers, Inc.,
includes a low wattage heating element that warms the lubricant
inside the motor housing and transfers heat to the housing.
Heavy oils that cling to the tubing become more fluid when heated
and icy scum buildup at the scrapers is prevented.
C-0097-77
LARGEST OIL RECOVERY VESSEL ORDERED FOR IRELAND'S BANTRY BAY
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Industry ll(10):78-79.
Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering, Bantry
Bay, Ireland
A deep water oil recovery vessel is being built for use in Bantry
Bay, Ireland, to serve as a patrol vessel, fire-fighting unit,
and recovery system. The boat will contain skimming, oil-water
separation, and storage units.
C-0098-77
LASERS TO REMOVE OIL SPILLS? (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(10):180.
Oil spills, Crude oil, Cleanup, Evaporation, Decomposition,
*Lasers
The feasibility of using lasers to evaporate, decompose, and
burn crude oil on water surfaces is discussed in Environmental
Science and Technology 10(8):814. This technique has been
applied in tests at sea, and a number of problems have been
noted: the effects of wind, waves, and seawater contamination
and the evaporation of large quantities of water.
40
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C-0099-77
NEW UNIT CLEANS LIQUID CONTAMINANT SOLIDS AT 100 GPM (product
information)
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(44):88.
Cleanup, Contamination, Sediments, Design and engineering
The No. 200 Sandwasher employs two hydrocarbons, a flotation
tank, plus an accumulator tank. Contaminated solids, like oil-
coated sand collected in oil production facilities, are processed.
FFI contact Picenco International Inc., 424 Hogan, Houston, TX
77009.
C-0100-77
NEW SYSTEM ABSORBS OIL SPILLS
Anon. 1976.
Naval Research Review 29(l):26-27.
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering, *U.S.
Navy, *Polyurethane foam chips
A new open sea oil spill recovery system using polyurethane foam
chips has been developed by the U.S. Navy. The chips are sprayed
across a 6 m (20 ft) path of oil, guided on to a collecting belt,
squeezed dry, and returned for reuse.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(9):#6Q9916. 1976]
C-0101-77
NORWEGIAN OIL-SPILL CLEANUP DEVICES DEVELOPED (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Ocean Engineering 11 (10) -.77-78.
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Oil-water separation,
Norwegian Sea
A new oil spill skimmer has been developed by Thune-Eureka for
use in Norwegian waters. The system will be able to handle up
to 180 metric tons/hour (200 tons) of oil and is powered and
controlled by the mother ship. The skimmer, boom, and oil-water
separation systems are described.
41
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C-0102-77
OIL AND CHEMICAL SPILL RECOVERY (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(8):142.
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Absorption
Petro-Trap pads are capable of absorbing up to thirty times their
weight of oil on land or water and can be wrung out for reuse if
spill recovery is necessary. The pads are made of an absorbent
polymeric foam core sealed in a spunbonded polypropylene membrane,
which is permeable to oil but not to water.
C-0103-77
OIL SPILL RECOVERY DESIGN ALLOWS MANEUVERS IN HIGH SEAS AND
ROCKY COASTS (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(11):118.
Oil spills, Recovery, Spain, Tankers, Design and engineering,
*Urquiola oil spill
The Spanish government called in Oil Mop and its British cleanup
affiliate, Marine Safety Services, Ltd., to recover oil spilled
by the tanker, "Urquiola", after it grounded and burned at the
entrance of the port of La Coruna. Rotorks, self-propelled
cleanup vessels that pick up 10 to 15 tons of oil per hour,
recover oil from the surface of water by running a floating
oleophilic rope of polypropylene fibers across the slick.
C-0104-77
OIL-SPILL RESPONSE UNIT (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical Engineering 83(20):139.
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Booms, Skimmers, Design and
engineering
A self-contained, mobile trailer containing all the necessary
equipment to combat oil spills has been developed by Slickbar,
Inc. The trailer contains 305 m (1000 ft) of control boom, a
4.3 m (14 ft) work boat, skimmer heads, pumping systems, and a
portable holding resevoir for 11,350 1 (3000 gal) of recovered
oil.
42
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C-0105-77
RADIO-CONTROLLED OIL SKIMMMER
Anon. 1976.
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology 15(3):105.
Skimmers, Oil slicks, Refineries, Recovery, Cleanup, Design and
engineering
A radio-controlled skimmer for recovering oil from refinery
ponds is described. The device, designed and manufactured by
Lockheed, can recover about 150 liters (40 gallons) of oil per
minute and works on the principle that oil adheres to a metal
surface, whereas water runs off. FFI contact Lockheed Missiles
and Space Company, Sunnyvale, CA 94088.
C-0106-77
OIL SPILL CLEANUP AND APPARATUS
Ayers, R. R., and D. P. Hemphill. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,959,136
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
A skimmer apparatus is described which is designed for cleanup
of small-volume oil spills. The apparatus consists of a pivot-
able and adjustably inclined skimmer mounted between the sides
of a catamaran. Oil enters through baffled entry ports and
moves down along the inclined plane to a chamber situated
beneath an inverted funnel. The collected oil is then withdrawn
from the skimmer through the inverted funnel.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-11846. 1976]
3,959,136
OIL SPILL CLEANUP METHOD AND APPARATUS
Ray R. Ayers, and Dean P. Hemphill, both of Houston, Tex.,
assignors to Shell Oil Company, Houston, Tex.
Continuation of Ser. No. 289,043, Sept. 14,1972, abandoned.
This application Sept. 9, 1974, Ser. No. 504,595
Int. Cl.» BO ID 21/00; E02B 15/04
VS. Cl. 210—83 11 Claims
43
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C-0107-77
STUDY TO EVALUATE INTENSITY OF AND ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR
NEUTRALIZATION OF DOD AIRCRAFT FUEL SPILLS
Cicone, V. J., and A. P. Graves. 1976.
Final technical report, DOD-AGFSRS-76-2. 93p.
Fuels, Cleanup, *Fuel spills, *Neutralization
The magnitude of the fuel spill problem at DOD airfields in
terms of fuel volume, frequency of occurrence, and specific
site of occurrence is outlined. A list of currently available
methods for neutralization of fuel spills was prepared, together
with a study of the methods for collection, treatment, or
neutralization of accidental fuel spills at airfields.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(17):#AD-A025 937/4GA.
1976]
C-0108-77
CONTROLLED COMBUSTION TESTS CARRIED OUT NEAR RIMOUSKI
Coupal, B. 1976.
Canada. Environmental Conservation Directorate. Environmental
Protection Service Technology Development Report EPS-4-EC-76-2.
23p.
Cleanup, Oil spills, Disposal, Incineration, Canada
Six tests were conducted in which Creuta crude oil and bunker
C oil were burned on water and on ice as a feasible technique
of disposing of oil spills. A ratio of 1,814 g (4 Ib) of peat:
33.5 1 (9 gal) oil and 1/2 1 of diesel fuel: 453.6 g (1 Ib) of
peat is an optimal combination. The combustion of fresh oil
and water performed with 85% efficiency. This technique appears
to be potentially useful in spills where oil is contained
naturally or in booms.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5) :#76-04490. 1976]
44
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C-0109-77
APPARATUS FOR PUMPING OIL-WATER MIXTURE FROM A COLLECTION VESSEL
OF A FLOATING OIL COLLECTOR INTO SETTLING TANKS
Derzhavets, A. Y. , P. G. Kogan, and V. I. Tabachnikov. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,944,489
Cleanup and recovery, Oil spills, Oil transfer, Oil-water
separation, Design and engineering
A complex apparatus is described for pumping an oil-water mixture
from the collection vessel of a floating oil collector into oil-
water separation and settling tanks.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(16):#W76-08403. 1976]
3,944,489
APPARATUS FOR PUMPING OIL-WATER MIXTURE
FROM A COLLECTION VESSEL OF A FLOATING OIL
COLLECTOR INTO SETTLING TANKS
Abram Yakovlcvich Derzhavets, prospekt Gagarina, 4, kv. 5;
Petr Grigorievich Kogan, ulit.sa Perckopskoi divizii, 2, kv.
14, and Viktor losifovich Tabachnikov, ulitsa Varnenskaya
19, korpus 8, kv. 31, all of Odessa, U.S.S.R.
Filed June 1, 1973, Scr. No. 366,212
Int. Cl.1 E02B /5/04
D.S.CI. 210-242 R 2 Claims
C-0110-77
SURFACE-ACTIVE, BIODEGRADABLE ORGANIC DISPERSANTS
Durif-Varambon, B., C. Bocard, C. Gatellier, and B. Sillion.
1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,558,907
Cleanup, Oil spills, Dispersants, Surfactants
When trimethylolpropane monooleate, glycerol monostearate, and
1-dodecanol or a similar compound are ethoxylated and treated
with glutamic acid; a biodegradable, nontoxic surfactant results
which is useful for dispersing crude oil in water.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(13):#96126z. 1976]
45
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C-0111-77
SURFACE-ACTIVE, NITROGEN-CONTAINING, BIODEGRADABLE, ORGANIC
DISPERSION MATERIAL FOR PURIFYING POLLUTED WATER SURFACES
Durif-Varambon, B., C. Bocard, C. Gatellier, and B. Sillion.
1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,558,909
Oil spills, Cleanup, Dispersants, Surfactants
Biodegradable surfactants for dispersing crude oil and similar
substances in water are prepared by treating esters of glutamic
acid containing 1-dodecanol, glycerol monostearate, or similar
compounds with ethylene oxide.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(13) :#96125y. 1976]
C-0112-77
BERGEN COMPANY INTRODUCES THE "OIL MOP"
Ellingsen, E. 1976.
Northern Offshore 5(7):10,12.
Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Oil-water separation
Oil Mop, Inc. (OMI) oil spill recovery equipment and oil/water
separation devices are now represented in Norway by Norsk
Stalpress A/S of Bergen. The equipment is designed to be air
deliverable, and the spill recovery systems are guaranteed to
effectively absorb and/or separate oily wastes from water.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(39) :4225,196. 1976]
C-0113-77
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIVE OIL SKIMMING AND REMOVAL APPARATUS
Fast, S. G. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,947,360
Skimmers, Cleanup, Recovery, Oil spills, Design and engineering
A catamaran-mounted oil skimming apparatus is described. The
skimmer boat is provided with a central conveyor belt and
collection tanks. The conveyor belt collects the oil and brings
it to the upper end of the belt where scrapers direct the oil
into the holding tanks.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(17) :#W76-09048. 1976]
3,947,360
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIVE OIL SKIMMING AND
REMOVAL APPARATUS
Sven Gunnar Fast, Sandviken, Sweden, assignor to Sandco
Limited, Ottawa, Canada
Continuation of Ser. No. 39 1,554, Aug. 27, 1973, abandoned.
This application Oct. 21, 1974, Ser. No. 516,763
Int. CI.1 E02B 75/04
U.S. CI. 210—242 S 3 Claims
46
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C-0114-77
EVALUATION OF UTILITY EQUIPMENT FOR HARBOR OIL SPILL REMOVAL/
RECOVERY SYSTEMS
Garg, S. C. 1976.
Report, CEL-TN-1443. 116p.
Oil spills, Recovery, Cleanup, Design and engineering, *Equipment
evaluation
Evaluations are given of the following equipment for oil spill
cleanup: a power assistance unit for deploying and retrieving
a boom, a 6.1 m (20 ft) utility boom, a 8.5 m (28 ft) flattop
boat, three boom mooring systems, a dust abatement attachment
for a sorbent distributor, and associated connectors, shackles,
and lines. The test program and results are described and
recommendations are presented.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(18):#AD-A026 252/7GA.
1976]
C-0115-77
OIL CAPTURING AGENT AND METHOD
Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. 1975.
British Patent 1,414,826
Oil spills, Cleanup, Recovery, Adsorption, *Polyethylene foam
The adsorbent is a polyethylene foam containing 30-80% by weight
of inorganic calcium salt with a density of 0.06-0.10 gram/cm3.
The foam is spread over the surface of the sea to adsorb spilled
oil.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(2):#HMS 6625.
1976]
C-0116-77
A COLD WATER OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Logan, W. J. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):18.
Recovery, Oil spills, Crude oil, Petroleum products, Design and
engineering, *Cold water recovery
Oil Mop Pollution Controls, Ltd. is developing a modification
for their oleophilic rope oil recovery system which will enable
the equipment to collect and recover highly viscous crude oils
and petroleum products which are common at low temperatures.
A prototype unit is expected to be field tested by early 1977.
47
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C-0117-77
A STUDY OF THE REMOVAL OF OILY SOIL BY ROLLING UP IN DETERGENCY
Ogino, K., and W. Agui. 1976.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 49(6):1703.
Cleanup, Contamination, Soil, *Detergents
Summary not available.
[from Current Contents: Physical and Chemical Sciences 16(32):
104. 1976]
C-0118-77
THE CYCLONET, A COLLECTION APPARATUS FOR HYDROCARBONS ON THE
SURFACE OF THE SEA [in French]
Pichon, 0. 1975.
The Mediterranean and the Fight Against Marine Pollution Caused
by the Production, Transport, and Transformation of Energy and
Primary Energetic Matter. Monaco, International Commission for
the Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea (CIESM),
1975. p. 59-64. Proceedings of the work of the Committee for
the Fight Against Marine Pollution during the 24th Plenary
Congress-Assembly, Monaco, December, 1974.
Recovery, Oil-water separation, Skimmers, Oil spills, Design
and engineering
The development and operation of the 'Cyclonet', an oil-water
collector and separator, are described. The oil polluted water
is skimmed off within a hydrocyclone which then returns the
cleaned water to the sea.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(3):#6Q3326.
1976]
C-0119-77
PROCEDURE TO SEPARATE HYDROCARBONS FROM WATER [In Dutch]
Preus, P. 1974.
Netherlands Patent Application 7,416,148
Hydrocarbons, Recovery, Absorption, Oil-water separation,
*01eophilic material
An oleophilic and hydrophobic material made of a loose mass of
expanded perlite, asphalt, and fiber-filling substance absorbs
hydrocarbons selectively; the hydrocarbons can then be mechanically
removed from the material.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(49):#227,673. 1976]
48
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C-0120-77
CURRENT DISPERSANT ACTIVITIES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY
BRANCH
Ross, C. W. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):38-40.
Oil spills, Dispersants, Toxicity, Regulations, Bibliographies,
Canada
The Environmental Emergency Branch (EEB) of the Environmental
Protection Service is conducting several projects concerning
the field effectiveness, toxicity, application techniques, and
regulation of oil spill dispersants. In addition to the testing
program, the EEB will publish a comprehensive bibliography on
dispersants in 1977.
C-0121-77
CLEANING AND EMULSIFICATION OF MAZUTS BY SOLUTIONS OF NONIONIC
SURFACTANTS [English summary]
Smirnova, A. V., A. F. Koretskii, and V. A. Kolosanova. 1976.
Izvestiya Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya
Khimicheskikh Nauk. No. 1:140-145.
Cleanup, Contamination, Storage, Oil tanks, *Residual oil,
Emulsification
"The removal of petroleum-refining-residual-oil contamination
from storage and transportation vessels was accomplished by
washing and emulsification with OP-4 dissolved in petroleum
spirits on diesel fuels. The presence of electrolytes was
detrimental."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(10):#65444x. 1976]
C-0122-77
TESTING AND EVALUATION OF THE BENNETT POLLUTION CONTROLS LTD
MARK IV SKIMMER
Solsberg, L. B. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter 1(3):9-12.
Oil spills, Recovery, Design and engineering
Results are presented of field tests of the skimmer unit under
controlled conditions in sheltered waters. The unit had a 57%
to 100% recovery rate, was stable in 55 km/hr (30 knot) winds,
and was also effective in handling debris. Its operability, and
minor problems are briefly reviewed.
49
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C-0123-77
A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM OIL-POLLUTED
WATER
Virtanen, A. A. 1976.
British Patent 1,433,928
Recovery, Oil spills, Oil-water separation, Design and engineering
Oil-polluted water was collected by a funnel under the water
surface and passed to a submerged separating chamber where the
oil floats to the top of the stream, and water passes beneath
the oil layer before being pumped into the environment.
Injection of air into the water through a perforated tube in
the chamber created an additional separating effect.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12):#83114u. 1976]
C-0124-77
PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING SURFACE POLLUTANTS
Weiss, D. E., and H. A. J. Battaerd. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,890,224
Cleanup, Oil spills, Recovery, *Ferromagnetic granules
The use of floating, ferromagnetic, synthetic polymer granules
to accumulate oil is described.
[from Environmental Technology and Economics 17:7. 1976]
50
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3. OIL TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT
C-0125-77
SALT OF THE EARTH
Anon. 1976.
Mechanical Engineering 98(7):47.
Oil transfer, Storage, Crude oil, Petroleum products, Safety,
Leakage, Economics, Underground salt caverns
The advantages of using artificial caverns leached out of
underground salt domes for temporary or permanent storage of
crude oil and petroleum products are discussed. Such storage
is safe from sabotage or fire, and leakage is virtually elimi-
nated because of the self sealing properties of the salt. Costs
involved are far lower than those for above ground storage.
C-0126-77
TANKER SAFETY AND POLLUTION HAZARDS
Anon. 1976.
Safety at Sea International 83:14-15.
Tankers, Oil discharges, Regulations, Safety
Pollution of the sea by oil tankers, and the effect of new
IMCO regulations and technological developments on such oil
pollution is briefly discussed. Tank cleaning procedures
amount to about 70% of the total oil pollution caused by
tankers, and the older, smaller tankers are estimated to
contribute 75-80% of such pollutants while they transport only
about 25-30% of the world's oil. Recent developments in tanker
safety are also reviewed.
C-0127-77
SUPERPORTS: THE NEED IS COMING
Barrett, A. C. 1974.
Vital Speeches of the Day 40:712-714.
Oil transport, U.S., Storage, Tankers, Ports, Economics,
Environmental effects
The U.S. is the only major world power presently unable to
accommodate supertankers in its ports. Economic and environ-
mental arguments for and against building superports in coastal
or offshore U.S. waters are evaluated and discussed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22) :#W76-12017.
1976]
51
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C-0128-77
THE FUTURE OF ENERGY IN OUR SOCIETY
Bunyard, P. 1976.
Ecologist 6(3):87-101.
Oil transport, Oil spills, Environmental deterioration, Chronic
effects, Marine organisms
Environmental deterioration associated with the development of
energy from coal, oil and nuclear resources is one of the topics
examined in the article. Spills resulting from the transport
of oil are considered one of the greatest environmental threats,
and the generally underestimated chronic biological effects of
such spills on marine ecosystems are emphasized. Health hazards
from carcinogenic petroleum hydrocarbons are briefly mentioned.
C-0129-77
TANKERS, SAFETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Dickson, A. F. 1976.
Prevention and Control of Marine Oil Pollution, Brisbane,
Australia, 1976. North Sydney, Australia, Petroleum Institute
Environmental Conservation Executive, 1976. 14p. Regional
Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia. Technical Papers.
Tankers, Contamination, Oil transport, Oil discharges, Ballast,
Pollution control, Regulations
Accidental oil pollution resulting from structural failures in
tankers, collisions between vessels, and groundings are reviewed
and compared with operational pollution such as discharging of
ballast waters and routine tank washing. The author concludes
that the less spectacular but more serious chronic contamination
resulting from operational pollution can and must be more
adequately controlled by international regulations.
C-0130-77
RISK ANALYSIS METHODS FOR DEEPWATER PORT OIL TRANSFER SYSTEMS
Frenkel, L. and W. T. Hathaway. 1976.
Final report, TSC-USCG-76-2, USCG-D-69-76. 146p.
Oil transfer, Ports, *Risk analysis
The best methods for the assessment of comparative risks from
different technical alternatives are failure mode and effect
analysis in combination with fault tree analysis.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(23) :#AD-A029 329/0GA.
1976]
52
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C-0131-77
INVESTIGATE FEASIBILITY OF UTILIZING ACOUSTIC EMISSION METHODS
TO EVALUATE THE INTEGRITY OF A PROTOTYPE ADAPTS OIL STORAGE
CONTAINER
Mutton, P. H. 1975.
Final report, USCG-D-37-76; Contract DOT-CG-23223-A. 38p.
Oil tanks, Storage, Pollution prevention, *Acoustic emission
methods
A study is reported of acoustic emission characteristics of
nylon fiber-polyurethane material used in the Coast Guard's
prototype oil storage container, a subsystem of the Air
Deliverable Anti-Pollution Transfer System (ADAPTS). The
specific application is concluded to be impractical. Acoustic
emission does have potential application for this type of
material where a low attenuation signal transmission path
such as metal sheathing is available.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(17) :#AD-A025 910/1GA.
1976]
C-0132-77
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF MATERIAL TOXICITY, STREAM PROPERTIES,
AND QUANTITY OF SPILLED MATERIAL IN ASSESSING THE RISK OF
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS
Jensen, P. A., and R. W. Hann, Jr. 1976.
College Station, Texas, Sea Grant Program, Texas A & M
University. 261p.
Regulations, Oil transfer, Oil spills, Toxicity, Hazardous
material spills
Current status of regulatory efforts for bulk carriage of oil
and hazardous materials is reviewed and regulatory weaknesses
are discussed. Methods of quantifying pollution risk and
severity, and concentrations at which a material will cause
acute toxic effects are given.
C-0133-77
ENERGY CRISIS, SUPERTANKERS AND ECOLOGY
Morris, R. C. 1975.
Insurance Counsel Journal 42(4):511-525.
Tankers, Design and engineering, Oil spills, International
conventions, Legislation, Liability, Insurance
Presentations given at a forum on the problems of supertankers
in relation to oil pollution are transcribed. Among the topics
53
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discussed are: international standards for tanker design,
construction and operation; U.S. federal and state legislation
and international conventions dealing with oil spill liability;
and problems of liability insurance, especially the lack of
uniformity between national and international legislation.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-10735. 1976]
C-0134-77
OIL TERMINAL AT SULLOM VOE: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Sullom Voe Environmental Advisory Group. 1976
Sandwick, Shetland; Thuleprint, Ltd., 1976. 133p.
Oil transfer, *0il terminal, Environmental effects, Scotland,
*Sullom Voe
Summary not available.
[from Nature 263(5578):xiii. 1976]
C-1035-77
PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Smith, C. C., Jr., L. W. Finlay, and M. S. McKnight. 1975.
Natural Resources Lawyer 8(3):511-533.
Environmental protection, Oceans, Oil spills, Oil discharges,
International conventions, Wastewaters, *IMCO
A study on marine oil pollution by vessels conducted by the
National Petroleum Council in formulating U.S. governmental
policies is summarized. The study indicates that the Inter-
governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) has been
largely responsible for international conventions and agreements
dealing with improved ship design, waste treatment, and discharge
limitations; and that the organization be named administrative
agent for any new international standards.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-11982. 1976]
54
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C-0136-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE: DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
STATEMENT FOR BRYAN MOUND SALT DOME: DES-76-6
U.S. Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Report, FEA/S-76/347. 444p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, *FEA, *Salt
domes
The Federal Energy Administration (FEA) proposes to develop a
9.2 billion liters (58 million barrels) crude oil storage
facility at the Bryan Mound salt dome as part of its Strategic
Petroleum Reserve program. The extreme geologic stability of
salt domes and the low cost of bulk underground storage favor
this type of facility. The final environmental statement
analyzes the possible environmental impacts resulting from
this development.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(43):#226,189. 1976]
C-0137-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE: DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
STATEMENT FOR WEST HACKBERRY SALT DOME: DES-76-4
U.S. Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Report, FEA/S-76/345. 515p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, *FEA, *Sa'lt
domes
The Federal Energy Administration (FEA) proposes to develop a
915 billion liters (60 million barrels) crude oil storage
facility at the West Hackberry salt dome as part of the
Strategic Petroleum Reserve program. The extreme geologic
stability of salt domes and low cost of bulk underground
storage favor this type of storage. This final environmental
statement analyzes the environmental impacts caused by the
development and operation of the proposed facility.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(43) :#226,190. 1976]
55
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4. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
C-0138-77
SELF-PROPULSIVE OIL-WATER SEPARATION VESSEL; THE OCEANGREEN
[English summary]
Adachi, M. 1975.
Hitachi Zosen Technical Review 36(l):51-55.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Bilges, Tankers,
Japan
The vessel described was remodelled from a whaling factory
ship and is Japan's first self-propelled oil-water separation
vessel. It is designed to receive oily wastewaters from
supertankers in transit, and it can process such wastewaters
at up to about 300 tons per hour.
C-0139-77
CONCRETE OIL/WATER SEPARATOR BARGE (product information)
Anon. n.d.
Marine Concrete Structures, Inc., P.O. Box 607, Metairie,
Louisiana 70004
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Design and engineering,
*Floatable barges
A product line of floatable oil/water separator barges is
described. The units utilize gravity separation to remove
and collect oil rapidly and efficiently, surpassing EPA
requirements.
C-0140-77
FILTERS SPLIT EMULSIONS
Anon. 1975.
Betriebstechnik 16(5):16.
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Filtration,
*Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration methods which use membranes to selectively pass
water molecules but stop larger oil molecules are described.
Several industrial processes which use ultrafiltration to
separate oily wastes from their effluents are discussed.
[Environmental Health and Pollution Control 10(6):1431. 1976]
56
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C-0141-77
HOLLOW FIBER ULTRAFILTRATION OIL WASTES (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Pollution Engineering 8(9):58.
Waste oil treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Design
and engineering
A hollow fiber ultrafiltration system for the treatment of oil
wastes is capable of processing 114,000 1/d (30,000 gal/d) of
oil-water emulsions and can reduce the volume of wastes by as
much as 95 percent.
C-0142-77
HYDE OIL-WATER SEPARATION (product information)
Anon. n.d.
Gulf Oil Co. - Eastern Hemisphere, 810 Sharon Drive, Cleveland,
Ohio 44145
Oil-water separation, Wastewater treatment, Design and engineering
"A device using the accelerated separation of 90% to 100 ppm
insoluble oil from water when flowing through porous media is
described. Advantages include legal efficiency (down to 1 ppm),
space saving, no filters, cartridges or moving parts and a wide
range of capacities."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(4):#HMS 7553.
1976]
C-0143-77
NEW COA.LESCER INTRODUCED (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(42):90.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Design
and engineering
The Hydro-Gard coalescer removes oil from wastewater to give a
free oil content of 5 to 10 ppm and can be used in coordination
with oil skimming systems. FFI contact Inland Environmental,
5454 N. Wolcott St., Chicago, IL 60640.
57
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C-0144-77
OIL-EMULSION-BREAKING PLANT
Anon. 1976.
Chemical Engineering 83(24):94.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions
This plant, called Oecomat, handles almost all kinds of emulsions
of varying quantity, nature, and concentrations. The unit
delivers concentrated sludge containing 40% water; the effluent
is said to contain less than 20 mg/1 of oil. The operation of
the plant is briefly explained.
C-0145-77
OIL-WATER SEPARATORS, SHIPBOARD WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS
(product information)
Anon. n.d.
Hyde Products, Inc., 810 Sharon Drive, Westlake, Ohio 44145
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Ships
Oil-water separation systems which utilize gravity-surface
tension effects in permeable bed are described. Oil in water
effluent is reduced to below 5 ppm using this sytem. Informa-
tion on a complete, portable, physico-chemical sewage treatment
plant is also presented.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(2):#HMS 6898.
1976]
C-0146-77
OIL/WATER SEPARATOR EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(42):90.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coalescence,
Wastewater disposal, Bilges, Ballast
Oil-water separator equipment that uses coalescing plates to
clean oily wastewater or to remove oil from bilge and ballast
water is now on the market. These separators permit wastewater
disposal under federal and state environmental pollution
regulations and aid in the recapture of valuable oils. FFI
contact General Electric Co., Re-Entry and Environmental Systems
Div., 3198 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19101.
58
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C-0147-77
SHELL'S CLYDE REFINERY: NEW CLOSED CIRCUIT COOLING WATER SYSTEM
Anon. 1975.
PACE 28(10):13-16.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Petrochemicals,Oil spills,
Conservation, Australia
Details of the development of a $5.5 million comprehensive
water conservation and effluent treatment system for the Clyde
Shell refinery and petrochemical complex in New South Wales are
presented. Effluent treatment programs began with a comprehen-
sive system to intercept and collect all oil spillage from all
process units and tank farms. This program reduced oil content
in the effluent to below 2 ppm (average). Next, a wastewater
treatment system was added to eliminate dissolved oils, chemicals,
and suspended solids in drainage, processing, and cooling system
waters. Recently installed closed-circuit cooling water facil-
ities, which make the refinery processes independent of the
adjacent Parramatta and Duck rivers, complete the water conser-
vation and effluent treatment systems.
C-0148-77
SKIMJET OIL REMOVER AND COLLECTOR (product information)
Anon. n.d.
Skimovex B. V., 135 Binchhorstlaan, P.O. Box 1406, The Hague
2077, The Netherlands
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Tankers, Refineries,
Oil wells, Design and engineering
"Jets of water create a downstream which attracts and carries
oil to a reservoir. Capacity 10,000 1/hr. Oil-water separators
for factories, oil rigs, tankers and refineries are also described."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(2):#HMS 6658. 1976]
C-0149-77
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN THE SISAK REFINERY [English summary]
Baric, J. 1976.
Hemijska Industrija 30(2):65-70.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Sludge, Incineration,
Yugoslavia
The centralized waste treatment system and individual process
characteristics for wastes from a Yugoslav oil refinery are
described. The system includes pretreatment, physical, chemical,
and biological t^eacmer and incineration of the biological
sludge.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(18):#129934s. 1976]
59
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C-0150-77
PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AGAINST POLLUTION BY SHIPS
Bayler, D., and C. Mente. 1976.
Technik 30(8}:534-538.
Wastewater treatment, Wastewater disposal, Waste oil disposal,
Ships, Environmental protection
Various types of available equipment for treating and disposing
of shipboard wastes, including oily wastes, are explained with
regard to their construction and mode of operation.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 10(6):#1421.
1976]
C-0151-77
REFINERIES AND TERRITORY. TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS AND SYSTEMS
OF PURIFICATION [English summary]
Beccali, G., and G. Panno. 1975.
Atti dell a Accademia di Scienze, Lettere e Arti di Palermo,
Parte 1. 34(1):63-103.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Pollution control, *Purifica-
tion
"A review with 17 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148383c. 1976]
C-0152-77
PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION IN THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY-
CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE VIEWS
Benedetti, L., A. Scarfi, and A. Vandi. 1975.
Pure and Applied Chemistry 45(3/4):147-151.
Pollution prevention, Wastewater treatment, Industries, Petro-
chemicals, Socio-economic effects, Economics, Legislation
Environmental problems faced by the petrochemical industry in
recent years are briefly assessed. A solution to these
problems will require careful evaluation of socio-economic
factors such as public opinion, cost/benefit analyses and
legislative constraints, and the development of new and more
effective pollution abatement technology.
60
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C-0153-77
EFFECT OF SEDIMENT ORGANIC MATTER ON MIGRATION OF VARIOUS
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS DURING DISPOSAL OF DREDGED MATERIAL
Blom, B. E., T. F. Jenkins, D. C. Leggett, and R. P. Murrmann.
1976.
Final report on Dredged Material Research Program, WES-CR-D-
76-7. 183p.
Disposal, *0rganic wastes, Water quality, Chemical analysis,
Sediments, Seawater, Freshwater, Hydrocarbons
The experimental work was directed toward identifying the role
that sediment organic carbon has in controlling various water
quality parameters at disposal sites. Both sediment organic
carbon and soluble organic matter were generally found to have
no demonstrable effect on water quality. Exceptions to this
conclusion were found in two sediments containing significant
amounts of petroleum hydrocarbons.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20):#AD-A027 394/6GA.
1976]
C-0154-77
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL VIA SEPARATING REACTIONS
Boelsing, F. 1975.
Chemistry and Industry 27(7):406-408.
Waste oil treatment, Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation
The use of chemicals that produce an enlarged surface after
reacting with other materials are discussed as a means for
eliminating oily wastes and residues, and for separating oil
from wastewater.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 10(5):#1170.
1976]
C-0155-77
FIGHTING SURFACE WATER POLLUTION AT THE ESSO REFINERY IN ANTWERP
Bossuyt, L. 1976.
Ingenieursblad 45(2):41-49.
Refineries, Wastewaters, Pollution control, Belgium
Principles of the purification and pollution control systems
of a Belgian refinery are described.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(18):#129999s. 1976]
61
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C-0156-77
CATIONIC POLYMERS FOR BREAKING OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS
Bradley, R. L., A. J. Sadowski, and E. G. Ballweber. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,956,117
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, *Cationic
polymers
Oil-in-water emulsions are treated with a polycationic water-
soluble ionene polymer which is prepared from trans-1,4-
dichloro-2-butene and dimethylamine with or without ethylene-
diamine.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12):#79301k. 1976]
C-0157-77
OIL DETECTION SYSTEM
Cirulis, U., and E. M. Zacharias.
U.S. Patent 3,892,127
1976.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Detection, Contami-
nation, Design and engineering
"An improved separating means for the oil contained in a flowing
stream of contaminated water."
[from Environmental Technology and Economics 18:6. 1976]
3,892,127
OIL DETECTION SYSTEM
Uldis Cirulis, Midland Park, and Ellis M. Zacharias, Jr.,
Ridgewood, both of NJ., assignors to Nusonics, Inc., Pa-
ram us, N.J.
Filed July 27, 1973, S«r. No. 383,405
Int. Cl. GOln 29/02
U.S. Cl. 73-61.1 R 20 Claims
62
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C-0158-77
CUT WASTEWATER TREATMENT COSTS
Crame, L. W. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(5).-92-94.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Oxidation, Economics,
Petrochemicals
"Treatment of oil refinery effluent using rotating disc bio-
oxidation equipment saved money over the options examined while
producing a satisfactory effluent. Energy consumption [was]
also reduced over activated sludge or aerated lagoon treatment."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(3):#HMS 6813.
1976]
C-0159-77
PROCESS FOR REMOVING HYDROCARBONS FROM WASTE WATERS
Creusot-Loire. 1976.
British Patent 1,420,288
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Hydrocarbons,
*Solvent extraction
Effluent containing hydrocarbons is passed through a column
of bentonite (or other inert inorganic material) -amine complex
and after solvent extraction produces a final effluent with
less than 5 ppm hydrocarbons.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(4):#HMS 7476.
1976]
C-0160-77
OIL SKIMMER MODULE WITH FREE FLOATING WEIR TROUGH
Crisafulli, A. J. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,951,810
Oil-water separation, Oil spills, Skimmers, Design and engineering
An oil-water mixture is collected into a sump box via gravity
flow, separated, and the water is then discharged. A weir placed
in the opening in the sump box controls the quantity of water
and oil discharged into the box.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(19) :#W76-10482. 1976]
.1,951,810
OIL SKIMMER MOIHJLK WITH FREE FLOATING WEIR
TROUGH
Angelo J. Crisafulli, Box 1051, Glcndive, Mont. 59330
Division of Ser. No. 330,079, Feb. 6, 1973, Pat. No. 3,822,789,
which is a conlinuation-in-parl of Ser. No. 142,282, May 11,
1971, Pat. No. 3,756,414. This application June 27, 1974, Ser.
No. 483,905
The portion of the term of this patent subsequent to July 9,
1991, has been disclaimed.
Int. Cl.' E02B 15104
U.S. Cl. 210-242 S 7 Claims
63
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C-0161-77
WASTE TREATMENT PLANTS
Davies, R. J., and D. G. Blows. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,954,605
Waste oil treatment, Fuel oil, *Solid wastes, *Sewage, Disposal,
Incineration
Wastes including sewage, solid wastes and waste fuel oils are
processed into a combustible form and then incinerated with waste
fuel oil and sewage solids to yield deodorized waste gases,
incombustible ash, and disinfected wastewater.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148720k. 1976]
C-0162-77
WASTE MANAGEMENT PAPER NO. 7 MINERAL OIL WASTES
Department of the Environment. 1976.
Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Report ISBN--0-11-751060-2,
32p.
Waste oil treatment, Waste oil disposal, Lubricating oil,
Environmental effects, Reclamation
The nature and environmental effects of wastes arising from the
production and use of oils, especially lubricating oils, are
reviewed. Present practices and possible future changes in the
treatment, disposal, and recovery of such wastes are discussed.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(3):#HMS 6909.
1976]
C-0163-77
STEPS IN THE TECHNIQUE OF TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER IN THE
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY [English summary]
Derenk, G. 1975.
Erdoel und Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie 28(5):245.
Wastewater treatment, Petrochemicals, Oil industry, Oil-water
separation, Oxidation, Incineration, Flotation, Filtration,
Adsorption
Principal methods for treating petrochemical and petroleum
industry wastewaters are briefly discussed, including stripping,
separation, flotation, biological oxidation, adsorption,
extraction, filtration and incineration.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 10(5):#1169.
1976]
64
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C-0164-77
SHIP BALLAST, OIL AND WATER SEPARATION SYSTEM
Di Perna, J. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,957,009
Wastewater treatment, Ships, Oil-water separation, Ballast,
Pollution control, Tankers, Design and engineering
A comprehensive shipboard system is described for separating
floating oil from ballast water, holding the oil in an oil
collection unit, and then transferring the oil through a
network of pipes into a central storage and holding tank.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-11827.
3,957.009
SHIP BALLAST, OIL AND WATKR SEPARATION
SYSTEM
James Di Perna, 85 Foxhill Terrace. Statcn Island, N.Y. 10305
Filed Oct. 25, 1974, Ser. No. 517,897
Int. Cl.! B63B 25/05
U.S. Cl. 114-74 R S Claims
1976]
C-0165-77
ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT OF OILY WASTEWATER. LABORATORY INVESTI-
GATION
Dzieciuch, M. A., M. H. Weintraub, and R. L. Gealer. 1976.
Electrochemical Society Extended Abstract 76-1:647-649.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coagulation,
Oxidation, Sludge
"Under continuous flow conditions laboratory tests showed
electrolytic introduction of ferrous iron as coagulant followed
by in situ oxidation gave a sludge of much lower water content
than that obtained from conventional ferric iron treatment."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(3):#HMS 6805.
1976]
65
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C-0166-77
PROCESS FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM EMULSIONS OF OIL IN WATER
Gasser, A. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,931 ,005
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, pH control
"Efficient and economic separation is achieved by adding ferric
sulphate or chloride, used oil; alkali sufficient to give a pH
of 5.5-6.5 are added to oil/water emulsion and allowed to stand.
Oil free water is drawn off."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(3):#HMS 6815.
1976]
3,931,005
PROCESS FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM EMULSIONS OF
OIL IN WATER
Adolf Gasser, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
Continuation of Ser. No. 164,872, July 26, 1971, abandoned,
which is a continuation of Ser. No. 827,387, May 21, 1969,
abandoned. This application Aug. 31,1973, Ser. No. 393,682
Claims priority, application Austria, May 27, 1968, 5063/68
Int Cl.1 BO ID 17/04
U.S. Cl. 210—43 16 Claims
C-0167-77
TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL DIESEL OIL-WATER EMULSIONS
BY ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES
Gollan, A., D. Grant, and Ft. L. Goldsmith. 1975.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers Meeting, 1975. Paper
N75-ENAs-57. 9p.
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, *Ultra-
filtration membranes
This paper describes results from a study in which two commercially
available ultrafiltration membranes, Abcor Inc. Type HFA (cellu-
losic) and HFD (noncellulosic), were tested for the treatment of
oily water emulsions containing diesel oil, nonionic detergent,
and fine sand particles. The HFA membrane exhibited superior
permeate quality, yielding less than 10 ppm oil in all cases.
[from MRIS Abstracts Vol. 13:#14 134295. 1976]
66
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C-0168-77
CLARIFYING OILY WATER MIXTURES
Goodrich, R. R., and E. R. Corino. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,948,770
Wastewater treatment, Emulsion , Tankers, Oil-water separation,
Flocculation
Finely dispersed oil in seawater, such as in slop tanks of oil
tankers, can be rapidly separated by addition of a dry flocculant
composition consisting of one part anionic acrylamide copolymer-
based polyelectrolyte and ~ 200 parts Na or Ca montmorillonite.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(13) :#98788r. 1976]
C-0169-77
USE OF POLYELECTROLYTES IN TREATING OIL-CONTAMINATED INDUSTRIAL
WASTEWATER
Gudasheva, V. M., and L. V. Verkhotina. 1975.
Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 11(9-10):706-709.
Wastewater treatment, Industries, Contaminants, Flocculation,
*Polyelectrolytes
Cationic polyelectrolytes were used as flocculants for purifica-
tion of industrial effluents containing petroleum impurities.
Physicochemical treatment was demonstrated to be effective in
treating oily industrial wastewaters.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(9):#060615. 1976]
C-0170-77
CLEANING OF CARGO COMPARTMENTS
Gutnick, D., and E. Rosenberg. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,941 ,692
Wastewater treatment, Waste oil treatment, Ballast, Tankers,
Biodegradation
A procedure is described for cleaning oil tanker compartments
and ballast waters and converting the waste petroleum oils and
residues into useful, non-oily protein products by microbial
conversion. The process consists of adding nitrogen, phosphorus,
and small amounts of carbohydrates to sea water and washing the
compartments under aerobic conditions with this mixture.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(16):#W76-08190. 1976]
67
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C-0171-77
ASSEMBLY AND TESTING OF THE MARK I SHIPBOARD SEPARATOR SYSTEM
Guzdar, A. R., A. C. Harvey, and W. M. Mack. 1975.
Final report, USCG-D-18-76; Contract DOT-CG-24287-A. 67p.
Oil-water separation, Bilges, Ships, Wastewater treatment
The system is composed of a skid mounted separator module and a
control console; it is designed to process ships' bilge water at
a rate of 180 1/min (50 gal/min) and provide water effluent
containing less than 15 ppm oil. Test results indicate that the
system is capable of continuously processing bilge waters contain-
ing up to 20% No. 2 fuel oil and discharging water effluent with
less than 7 ppm oil.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(17):#AD-A025 948/1GA.
1976]
C-0172-77
SPECIAL ISSUE: STUDIES ON INDUSTRIAL POLLUTED WATER TREATMENT.
PRACTICAL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR OIL POLLUTION
Hagiwara, K. 1976.
PPM 7(5):18-30.
Wastewater treatment, Waste oil treatment, Pollution control
"A review with 21 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148382b. 1976]
C-0173-77
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM WATER
Harris, F. R., and C. Gerardus. 1976.
Austrian Patent 327,831
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Design and
engineering
The apparatus consists of a reservoir through which the oil-water
mixture is passed continuously and two sloping, parallel plates
over which the oil-water mixture is forced to pass. The plates
help to eliminate turbulence and thereby help to effect oil-water
separation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 25(10):#67815t. 1976]
68
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C-0174-77
EXPANDING POLLUTION CONTROL IN AN EXISTING PLANT
Helm, P. 1974.
International Pollution Engineering Congress and Exposition,
3rd, Chicago. New York, Clapp and Poliak, 1974. p.67-77.
Oil-water separation, Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Skimmers,
Economics
"Case history including survey of effluents, planning, design
of system to treat effluent containing emulsified and free oil,
chrome, suspended solids, using acid cracking, oil skimming and
neutralisation. Operating problems, costs included."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(4):#HMS 7541. 1976]
C-0175-77
INDUSTRIAL WASTES. PETROLEUM PROCESSING WASTES
Hornung, W. L., and D. A. Baker. 1976.
Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation 48(6):1293-1295.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Petroleum products
"A review with 27 references of the treatment of waste from
petroleum processing."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20) :#148371x. 1976]
C-0176-77
REMOVAL OF OIL FROM AN OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. 1975.
Netherlands Application 75 02,731
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation
Oil was removed from an oil-water emulsion with the use of hydro-
phobic textile materials which were prepared from poly(ethylene
terephthalate) fibers, surrounded by a poly(ethylene adipate
terephthalate) mantle, and coated by si lane-treated
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12):#82907t. 1976]
69
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C-0177-77
PURIFICATION OF PETROLEUM-AND PHENOL-CONTAINING WATERS BY AN
ELECTRICAL TREATMENT PROCESS [in Russian]
Ivanova, L. G., V. D. Sidorenko, I. A. Udovenko, and L. V.
Kuchmii. 1976.
Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Leningrad) 49(2):424-430.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Refineries, USSR
Wastewater from a Kherson petroleum plant was purified by
electrolysis. Treatment was conducted in a laboratory unit
which consisted of a reactor and electrodes, and was supple-
mented in dynamic conditions by a cooler, separation funnel , and
a collector for purified water. The concentration of petroleum
hydrocarbons and phenols in the wastewater was decreased to 0.2-
1.29 mg/1 and 0.01 mg/1, respectively.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12):#82759w. 1976]
C-0178-77
WASTE WATER TREATING SYSTEM FOR PETROLEUM REFINERIES [in
Japanese]
lawsaki, M., and M. Ito. 1975.
Yosui To Haisui 17(7):831-839.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Adsorption
Discussed is the treatment of wastewaters, including oily
effluents, from petroleum refineries, with emphasis on closed
wastewater treatment systems. Final treatment involves
adsorption on activated carbon.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(18):#129930n. 1976]
C-0179-77
DEVICE FOR SEPARATING LIQUIDS OF SPECIFICALLY LOWER DENSITY THAN
WATER, AND PARTICULARLY OIL, FROM WATER
Jakubek, P., and K. Biswanger. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,957,641
Oil-water separation, Waste oil, Bilges, Design and engineering
A device for separating oil from bilge water is described. The
device consists basically of a pump and a separator composed of
a settling chamber and filter pack. Bilge water is pumped into
70
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the settling chamber, and an overflow opening with shutoff valve
beyond the filter prevents oil from exiting with the purified
water.
[from
1976]
Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22) :#W76-11836.
3,957,641 ;
DEVICE FOR SEPARATING LIQUIDS OF SPECIFICALLY
LOWER DENSITY THAN W ATER, AND PARTICULARLY
OIL, FROM WATER
Peter Jakubek, Brunn am Gebirge, and Karl Biswanger, Vi-
enna, both of Austria, assignors to Fa. Euro Pollution Con-
trol Systems, Inc., Luxemburg, Luxemburg
Filed May 14, 1974, Ser. No. 469,894
Claims priority, application Austria, May 16,1973,4285/73
Int. Cl.2 B01D 35100
VS. CI. 210-120 6 Claims
C-0180-77
REMOVING OIL FROM WASTE WATER WITH SULFUR
Jones, L. W. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,957,647
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Dispersions,
Coalescence, *Sulfur
Dispersed oil is removed from water by contacting the oily water
with sulfur which causes the oil to coalesce or agglomerate.
The sulfur can be added to water in the form of a slurry, or the
water may be passed through a porous bed of granular sulfur or
sulfur-coated sand.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22} :#'„.'76-11833. ~;97t>]
3,957,647
REMOVING OIL FROM WASTE WATER WITH SULFUR
Loyd W. Jones, Tulsa, Okla., assignor to Amoco Production
Company, Tulsa, Okla.
Division of Ser. No. 80,424, Oct. 13, 1970, Pat. No. 3,853,753.
This application Sept. 3, 1974, Ser. No. 502,710
The portion of the term of this patent subsequent to Oct. 29,
1991, has been disclaimed.
Int. Cl.* BO ID 17104
V&. CL 210—265 10 Claims
71
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C-0181-77
CYLINDRICAL FIBROUS ADSORBERS FOR OIL SEPARATION
Kita, S., and T. Kono. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 20,087
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Adsorption
The adsorber, composed of fibers wound concentrically or
spirally around a porous core, effectively removes oil from
air or water.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12):#82956h. 1976]
C-0182-77
REMOVAL OF EMULSIFIED OIL FROM WASTE WATER
Kita, S., and T. Kono. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 85,267
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation,
Flocculation, Adsorption
Emulsified oil is removed from wastewater by admixing alum and
a polymer flocculant, and then contacting the mixture with an
oil adsorbent.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148707m. 1976]
C-0183-77
REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND HEAVY METAL IONS FROM WASTE
WATERS
Kordakov, I. A., and Zh. N. Obukhovskaya. 1976.
USSR Patent 510,438
Wastewater treatment, Recovery, Petroleum products, Contaminants
"For increasing the degree of removal of petroleum products and
Cu and Zn ions, and for reducing the cost of the process, waste
waters are treated with siltstone with the ratio of siltstone and
petroleum products 10:1-3:1."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(14):#98802r. 1976]
72
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C-0184-77
REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM WASTE WATERS BY OXIDATION
WITH OZONE
Kukhen, B. L., F. M. Git, and N. F. Reznik. 1976.
USSR Patent 513,013
Wastewater treatment, Petroleum products, Oxidation, Filtration
Wastewaters are treated with 60-70% of the ozone, the resultant
oxidized petroleum products are removed, and the filtrate is
treated with the remaining ozone.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(16):#122 474u. 1976]
C-0185-77
TANKER SLUDGE REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL
Lanotte, V. X., and J. E. Shewmaker. 1976.
Final report on Task 2, EII .11TMR.76, MA-RA-RD-940-76055.
Contract C-5-38000. 51p.
Tankers, Sludge, Disposal, Crude oil, Guidelines
A general description is given of the problem of cargo tank
sludge on crude carriers, and sludge management alternatives
used in selecting a strategy are scanned. Crude washing is
discussed as a combined removal and disposal technique.
Current and potential shore disposal methods include sludge
farming, incineration, oil extraction, chemical fixation, and
aqueous extraction.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19):#PB-255 174/5GA.
1976]
C-0186-77
GRANULAR PACKED BED COALESCER: INFLUENCE OF PACKING WETTABILITY
ON COALESCENCE
Madia, J. R., S. M. Fruh, C. A. Miller, and A. Beerbower. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(10):1044-1046.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, *0il
wettability
Beds of granular material are used to remove small oil drops
from aqueous effluent streams. Experiments performed show that
oil removal ability increases with increasing oil wettability of
bed material. XAD-2, a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene,
is noted to be especially effective in oil removal.
73
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C-0187-77
OIL EXTRACTOR
Mail, P., C. R. Ferrin, and R. J. Ely. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,972,816
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Emul-
sions, Design and engineering
An oil-water separator is described that uses a demulsifier for
coalescing the emulsified oil into droplets large enough for
processing in a separator. A centrifuge is also attached for
the removal of any large solids in the oil-water mixture.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(46):#226,934. 1976]
3,972,816
OIL EXTRACTOR
Paul Mail, Tulsa; Charles R. Ferrin, Sand Springs, and Rich-
ard J. Ely, Tulsa, all of Okla.. e^ignors to Change, Inc.,
Tulsa, Okla.
Filed Aug. 23, 1974, S«r. No. 500.027
Int Cl.' B01D 17104
VS. C\. 210-259 2 Claims
C-0188-77
STUDIES OF DETERGENT SYSTEMS USEFUL IN TREATMENT OF BILGE WATER
AND OTHER SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
Massie, S. P. 1976.
Final report July-August 1975, USNA-EPRD-23. 18p.
Wastewater treatment, Bilges, Emulsions, Analytical techniques,
Spectroscopy, Fuel oil, Lubricating oil
Ultraviolet spectroscopy has been used to study systems of a
non-ionic detergent in synthetic seawater and in cyclohexane,
and mixtures of the detergent with a fuel oil and two lubricating
oils in cyclohexane and in synthetic seawater. In the oil/
detergent mixed solutions, absorbance of oil and detergent were
not quantitatively additive. Thus, the detergent could not be
quantitatively determined in the presence of the oils.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20}:#AD-A027 418/3GA.
1976]
74
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C-0189-77
DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AT DRILLING LOCATIONS
McDaniel , K. W. 1976.
Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Rocky Mountain Regional
Meeting, 1976. SPE 5900. 4p.
Drilling, *Waste materials, Disposal
Recommended measures for waste disposal and the minimization of
spills around drilling locations are outlined. Details relating
to drilling mud, mud pits, and cuttings are listed. Levees
should be properly maintained and ditching must be provided to
carry waste mud from the rig to the reserve pit. Each drilling
site should have a disposal pit or other suitable waste receptable
for all waste materials produced.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04971. 1976]
C-0190-77
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVANCED CAPABILITY FOR TESTING SHIPBOARD OIL
CONTENT METERS
Mitchell, C. E. 1975.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Gulf Meeting,
1975. 38p.
Oil discharges, Ships, Pollution prevention, *Testing, *0il
content meters
This presentation concerns the National Maritime Research Center's
program on the abatement of pollution from ship oily waste
discharges. The program was designed to identify the nature and
degree of the problem and direct test and evaluation activities
towards systems developed by industry to solve the program.
Technical approaches to meeting program objectives are outlined.
[from MRIS Abstracts Vol. 13:#14 131868. 1976]
C-0191-77
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DUE TO PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Mony, G. S. 1975.
Journal of the Institute of Engineers (India), Part CH 56(1):
26-29.
Wastewater disposal, Oil fields, Refineries, Environmental
effects, Oil industry
"A review with 4 references of waste disposal in the oilfields
and refineries and their effect on the environment."
[from Chemical Abstract- 85(16):#112326. 1976]
75
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C-0192-77
THE FINAL PURIFICATION OF THE EFFLUENTS FROM A PETROLEUM
REFINERY
Mortola, G., and A. Alexanian. 1975.
ICP 3(9):117-120.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Flocculation, pH control,
Sedimentation
"The final purification of the effluent from a petroleum
refinery is advantageously obtained by flocculation with Fe
salts, adjusting the pH with lime or sodium hydroxide and
subsequent separation with an ascendant flow sludge bed
SECLAR sedimentator."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(16):#112 368n. 1976]
C-0193-77
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER WHICH
CONTAINS COMBUSTIBLE ORGANIC IMPURITIES
Noda, M., K. Nomura, Y. Kawase, and A. Iwasa. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,549,882
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Filtra-
tion, Incineration, Fuel oil
Wastewaters containing emulsified oil are first treated by
ultrafiltration to remove most of the oil, then the filtrate
is passed through a reverse osmosis unit to remove the
remaining oil. The separated oil is fired as fuel, and the
resultant hot gases are used to decompose other organic matter
in the wastewater.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#14861 6 f. 1976]
C-0194-77
FLUIDIC OIL-WATER SEPARATOR
Paszyc, A. J., D. Pal, and J. B. Curry. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,972,814
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Design and engineering,
*Coanda effect
An oil-water separating method and apparatus based on the Coanda
effect for separating oil from an oil-water mixture is described.
76
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The mixture enters the housing, is split into 2 subjets, and
each subjet separates the oil from water.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(46):#226,933. 1976]
3,972,814
FLUID1C OIL-WATER SEPARATOR
Altksy J. Pasiyc, Ventura; Dharam Pal, Woodland Hills, and
John B. Curry, Oxnard, all of Calif., assignors to The United
States of America as represented by the Secretary of the
Navy, Washington, D.C.
Filed Feb. 12, 1975, Ser. No. 549,245
Int. Cl.1 B01D2//26
UJS. Cl. 210-84 13 Claims
C-0195-77
SOLVING THE WASTE WATER PROBLEMS IN LUBRICATION TECHNOLOGY
[in German]
Rueb, F. 1975.
Schmiertechnik undTribologie 22(3) :56-59.
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Lubricating oil, Oil-water
separation, Flocculation, Filtration
Wastewater problems involving the treatment of residual grease,
oil, and emulsions are discussed, and four treatment methods
are described: emulsion separation using special agents;
addition of salts, acids, or flocculants; thermal treatment
using vaporization; and ultrafiltration treatment.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 10(5):#1168.
1976]
C-0196-77
REMOVAL OF EMULSIFIED OIL FROM WASTE WATER
Sato, H., M. Arita, S. Fujii, and T. Kakuda. 1974.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 38,722
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Filtration, Oil-water separation
Filtration of oily wastewater through a packed layer consisting
of a fibrous organic polymer, such as polyethylene terephthalate,
and inorganic particles with high oil removability results in
effective oil-water separation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20) :#148575s. 1976]
77
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C-0197-77
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER FROM AN OIL REFINERY
Saito, R. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 15,563
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Oxidation, pH control,
Flocculation, Flotation
Oily wastewater containing alkaline and reducing materials is
purified by blowing Cl2 into the water to oxidize the reducing
material, neutralizing, adding FeCl2, neutralizing again, and
finally separating the suspended solids by flotation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148595y. 1976]
C-0198-77
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER FROM AN OIL REFINERY
Saito, R. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 15,564
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Oil-water separation, pH
control, Oxidation, Flocculation
"A waste water containing reducing material, alkaline material,
PhOH, and mineral oil is oxidized by hypochlorite and mixed
with a ferrous salt, followed by pH adjustment to a weak
alkaline condition and separating the resulting suspended
materials."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148594x. 1976]
C-0199-77
POLLUTION (AIR AND WATER) CONTROL AND RECOVERY OF SULFUR IN
PETROLEUM REFINERIES
Shanmugasundaram, S., A. Shariat, and V. Pachaiyappan. 1976.
Chemical Age India 27(4):357-365.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Pollution control
"A review with 20 references of the treatment of gaseous liquid
and solid wastes from a petroleum refinery and the recovery of
S and S02 from the wastes."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148356w. 1976]
78
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C-0200-77
CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCT TANKER SLOP WATERS
Shewmaker, J. E. 1976.
Final report on Task 4, EE.10TMR.76, MA-RD-930-76054.
Contract D-5-3800. 55p.
Tankers, Bilges, Wastewater treatment, *Characterization studies,
Fuels
The title study was conducted to provide basic data for planning
shore-based reception and treatment facilities for the wastewaters.
Among the products transported by vessels in the study were gaso-
lines, diesel fuels, heating oils, fuel oils, kerosine, and
aromatic naphthas and solvents. Oil was found to be the principal
contaminant. The pollutants in tanker wastewaters could be handled
in existing treating processes at most locations.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19):#PB-254 987/1GA.
1976]
C-0201-77
REGULATIONS OF ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE OIL FIELD WASTE DISPOSAL
Smith, J. E. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
1975. p.579-584. Proceedings.
Waste oil disposal, Oil fields, Regulations, State governments,
Texas
The Texas Railroad Commission, a state agency, is responsible
for waste disposal including wastes from oil and gas operations
on state lands and state waters. The exercise of these responsi-
bilities is authorized by general statutes, statewide rules, and
special orders.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(17):#W76-0819. 1976]
C-0202-77
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER RESULTING FROM PETROLEUM CRACKING
INSTALLATIONS
Stamicarbon, B. V. 1975.
Netherlands Application 74 06,871
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Hydrocarbons, Petroleum products
Hydrocarbon mixtures such as Cs raffinate from gasoline production
can be used to remove oils or cracking products from the refinery
wastewater. The raffinate is recovered by stripping with air
and is recycled.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148578v. 1976]
79
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C-0203-77
PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS
Standard Oil Company (Indiana). 1975.
Belgian Patent 829,825
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Oil-water separation
Mixed refinery and petrochemical plant wastewaters are treated
in an API primary separator to remove oils and solids, then
neutralized, coagulated, oxidized and filtered. Activated
sludge treatment followed by aeration and optional tertiary
treatment are the final steps in this purification process.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(16):#112481u. 1976]
C-0204-77
SEPARATING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM THE SURFACE OF SOLIDS OR
LIQUIDS
Stein, C., and A. Marbach. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,547,742
Oil-water separation, Petroleum products, Adsorption, *Skimming
"Hydrocarbon oils are adsorbed by 10-16% of their weight of the
polymers formed by opening the ring of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene
or of its Me derivative." The resultant cohesive floating film
is removable by skimming.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(18):#126878r. 1976]
C-0205-77
TREATMENT OF OIL-WATER EMULSIONS
Tanaka, K. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 55,158
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Coagulation,
Flocculation, Filtration
Oil is coagulated when nitrohumic acid and/or an organic base is
added to an oil-water emulsion and the pH is adjusted to 2-7.
The resultant oil floes are filtered out.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148658w. 1976]
80
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C-0206-77
TREATMENT OF OIL-CONTAINING WASTE WATER
Tanaka, K., and K. Usui. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 49,556
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Filtration, pH control
Oily wastewater is mixed with thiolignin, acidified to pH < 7,
agitated, and then filtered to remove oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148599c. 1976]
C-0207-77
CLEAN WATER. REPORT TO CONGRESS, 1974
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency report. 90p.
Water quality, Wastewater treatment, Industries, Regulations,
*0il pollution, *Sewage
Contents include: role of government, industry, and the public;
Water quality, monitoring and planning; Grants to state and
local governments; Regulation; Water quality standards and
effluent limitations; Research and development; Efficiency of
treatment works.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19):#PB-254 622/4GA.
1976]
C-0208-77
SEPARATION OF OIL FROM WASTE EMULSIFIED OIL
Wakabayashi, Y., and H. Takado. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 30,585
Waste oil treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation
A polymer flocculant is added to a powdered mixture containing
CaCl2 - impregnated pozzolan 60 and polyaluminum chloride to
produce an oil-water separating agent for waste emulsified oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12):#82959m. 1976]
81
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C-0209-77
ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT OF OILY WASTEWATER - ENGINEERING DEVELOP-
MENT
Weintraub, M. H., M. A. Dzieciuch, and R. L. Gealer. 1976.
Electrochemical Society Extended Abstract 76-1:650-651.
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation,
Coagulation
"A description [is given] of the design and performance of an
electrolytic cell for producing ferrous iron which, on oxidation,
acts as an emulsion breaker and coagulant of superior performance
to ferric iron."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(3):#HMS 6805. 1976]
82
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5. RECLAMATION AND REUSE
C-0210-77
DOWN THE DRAIN - STILL
Anon. 1976.
Environmental Action 8(8):7-8.
Waste oil, Disposal, Recycling, Reuse, Guidelines, Legislation
The safe disposal of nearly 4 billion liters (over 1 billion
gallons) of waste oil per year in the U.S. alone remains a
major problem. Effective recycling programs, tax policies
favoring the reuse of oil, and educating the public would
greatly relieve this pollution problem. New literature which
addresses the recycling of waste oil and legislative guidelines
are pointed out.
C-0211-77
OIL RECLAMATION SYSTEM (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Chemical Engineering 83(23):162.
Reclamation, Waste oils, Design and engineering
The Petro-Clar Model PI-1000-2 dehydrates and filters a range
of industrial oils at flow rates to 454 1/hr (120 gal/hr).
Contaminated oil is heated and passed into a vacuum vessel
where disperser elements filter out solids and promote vapori-
zation of any entrained water. FFI contact Velcon Filters Inc.
1750 Rogers Ave. , San Jose, CA 95112.
C-0212-77
SEPARATING OIL FROM WATER
Anon. 1976.
Processing 22(5) :12-13.
Oil-water separation, Wastewaters, Waste oil, Reclamation, Reuse
Several companies have developed equipment for oily water
separation by a variety of processes which are briefly described.
The methods are designed for the recovery and reuse of process
waters and the reclamation of waste oil.
83
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C-0213-77
THE REGENERATION OF THE SPENT OILS [English summary]
Audibert, M. M. , P. Bonneford, Dan Vu Quang, and A. Vidal. 1976.
La Chimica E. L'Industria 58(5):339-343.
Reclamation, Waste oil, Lubricating oil, Fuel oil, Crankcase oil
The numerous sources of waste petroleum-based oils that can be
reclaimed are briefly considered, and the general chemical
characteristics of spent oils are tabulated. Processes for
reclaiming spent oils are compared, with emphasis on the advan-
tages - efficiency and low pollution - of the selectopropane
extraction process for removing asphaltic and metallic residues
from used oils.
C-0214-77
RECYCLED OIL
Becker, D. A., and J. D. Hoffman. 1976.
Science 194(4264):478.
Waste oil treatment, Recycling, Fuel oils, Lubricating oils,
Legislation, U.S.
Under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (Public
Law 94-163), the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) is to "develop
test procedures for determination of substantial equivalency of
re-refined or otherwise processed used oil... with new oil for
a particular end use." This law not only covers lubricating oils,
but also industrial oils, metal working oils, hydraulic oils,
oils used for fuel, and engine oils.
C-0215-77
RE-REFINING/RECYCLING OF ENGINE OILS
Bhargava, M. K. 1975.
Chemical and Petro-Chemical Journal 6(11):3-11.
Reclamation, Crankcase oil, Lubricating oil, Recycling
"A review with 4 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(18):#126792h. 1976]
84
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C-0216-77
A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE OIL RECOVERY. PART 4:
ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN WASTE OIL RECOVERY. PART 5: A FIELD TEST
OF THE QUALITY OF RE-REFINED LUBE OILS. PART 6: A REVIEW OF
RE-REFINING ECONOMICS
Cukor, P. M., and T. Hall. 1975.
Final report, EPA-530/SW-90c.4Pt-4; EPA-530/SW-90c.4-Pt-5;
EPA-530/SW-90c.4-Pt-6; Contract EPA-68-01-2904. PB-25171617.
141p.
Recycling, Waste oil, Recovery, Fuel oil, Refining, Economics
An energy balance on waste oil recycling of lube oil and waste
oil recovery of fuel oil, a field test on re-refined lube oil,
and the economics of re-refining are reported.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(21):#N76-
30681. 1976]
C-0217-77
RECYCLING OF USED AUTOMOTIVE AND INDUSTRIAL MINERAL OILS (product
information)
Dalton & Co. Ltd. n.d.
Silkolene Oil Refinery, Belper, Derby DE5 1WF, England, UK
Crankcase oil, Lubricating oil, Waste oil, Refining, Reclamation,
United Kingdom
The brochure lists authorized collectors and refiners of waste
oils in the United Kingdom. Basic information on types of
waste oil and methods for recovery is included.
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(3):#HMS 6854.
1976]
C-0218-77
WHY RE-REFINING OF SPENT LUBRICATING OILS
Goossens, A. G., and R. F. Westerduin. 1975.
Chemical Age India 26(12):995-1000.
Waste oil, Lubricating oil, Reclamation, Refining
A process for re-refining used lubricating oils is described
which consists of pre-treatment vacuum distillation and hydro-
finishing to stabilize and improve the color and odor. The
process is pollution free.
[from Chemical Abstracts 25(10) :#65416q. 1976]
85
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C-0219-77
AN APPRAISAL OF EXPERIENCES ON 1.1.P. PROCESS ON RE-REFINING OF
I.C. ENGINE CRANKCASE OIL.
Joshi. T. C., and P. N. Bhambi. 1975.
Chemical Age India 26(12):1121-1128.
Crankcase oil, Reclamation, Refining, India
The article is a review of the Indian Institute of Petroleum's
(I.I.P.) process for re-refining used engine crankcase oils.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(10) :65366y. 1976]
C-0220-77
REGENERATION OF WASTE OIL [in Japanese]
Kawase, Y. 1976.
Sekiyu To Sekiyu Kagaku 20(2):82-87.
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation, Refining, Japan
"A review of regeneration of waste oil in Japan."
[from Chemical Abstracts 25(10):#67556d. 1976]
C-0221-77
REGENERATION OF WASTE OIL. 3 [in Japanese]
Kawase, Y. 1976.
Sekiyu To Sekiyu Kagaku 20(3):87-93.
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation, Refining, Lubricating oil,
Solvents, Japan
"A review with 6 references including refining with solvents
in lubricating oil regeneration."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(18):#129880w. 1976]
C-0222-77
OIL CHANGE. A REPORT CN RECYCLING USED SUMP OIL IN BRITAIN
Mackewn. J. 1976.
London, Friends of the Earth, 1976. 28p.
Waste oil, Environmental effects, Freshwater, Seawater,
Reclamation, Recycling, United Kingdom
Information is presented on the quantity of used sump oil in
the United Kingdom, its biological effects, and its hazards to
marine and fresh waters. Current practices regarding reclama-
tion and proposals for action by local pressure groups are given,
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(2):#HMS 6630.
1976]
86
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C-0223-77
STATUS OF RECYCLING OF USED LUBRICATING AND TRANSFORMER OILS
ON INDIAN RAILWAYS
Pandya, O.P. 1975.
Chemical Age India 26(12):1085-1090.
Refining, Recycling, Crankcase oil, Waste oil, India
'The refining of drained crankcase oil, axle oil, transformer oil
and machinery oil in Indian Railway workshops is described."
[from Chemical Abstracts 25(10) :#65421n. 1976]
C-0224-77
RECLAIMING USED MOTOR OIL
Phillips Petroleum Co. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,930,988
Reclamation, Reuse, Waste oil, Lubricating oil, Fuels
"Metal contaminants are precipitated with aqueous ammonium
sulphate and/or bisulphate and allowed to separate. The oil
layer may be used as fuel or further treated with an adsorbant
and optionally hydrotreated to produce a low metal/ash lubricant."
[from Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin 7(4):#HMS 7504.
1976]
3,930,988
RECLAIMING USED MOTOR OIL
Marvin M. Johnson, Bartlesville, Okla., assignor to Phillips
Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Okla.
Filed Feb. 24, 1975, Ser. No. 552,287
Int. Cl.* C10M /1100; C10G 17/00
U.S. Cl. 208—182 12 Claims
87
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C-0225-77
INDIAN RAILWAY'S APPROACH TO RECYCLING OF USED CRANKCASE
LUBRICATING OIL
Prasada, A., and S. A. Singh. 1975.
Chemical Age India 26(12) .-1091-1096.
Recycling, Reuse, Crankcase oil, Lubricating oil, India
The Indian Railways developed an acid-and-day treatment for
re-refining used crankcase lubricating oils; this article
describes the satisfactory recycling and reuse of such oils
as railway lubricants.
[from Chemical Abstracts 25(10):#65422p. 1976]
C-0226-77
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND RECYCLING HANDBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES
1975
Sittig, M. 1975.
Park Ridge, New Jersey, Noyes Data Corporation, 1975. 427p.
Recycling, Solid wastes, Wastewaters, Waste oil, Hydrocarbons,
Petrochemicals, Manuals
This environmental technology handbook emphasizes process
technology and covers waste products such as metals, glass,
oils and other organic materials. Available from Noyes Data
Corporation, Mill St. at Grand Ave., Park Ridge, NJ 07656.
88
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6. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
C-0227-77
UK OIL POLLUTION CLEANUP FILM (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(10):180.
Oil spills, Cleanup, Personnel training, United Kingdom,
*Pollution cleanup film
A half hour film called "A Clean and Pleasant Land" has been
produced by the United Kingdom Central Office of Information.
The film describes the way in which the UK copes with oil
pollution and illustrates the role of Warren Spring Laboratory
in providing training, advice, and research for dealing with
oil pollution. FFI contact Central Film Library, Government
Building, Bromyard Avenue, London W3 7JB.
89
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7. CONTINGENCY PLANNING
C-0228-77
ZERO OIL SPILLAGE IS AIM IN ALASKA PROGRAM (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(12) :242.
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Pipelines, Alaska, Cleanup,
Restoration
Contingency plans required by stipulations in government permits
for the pipeline have been submitted to state and federal
governments by Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. These plans
detail specific actions to be taken if an oil spill occurs along
the 1300 km (800 mi) long Trans-Alaska pipeline system. Plans
provide for detection of oil spillage, containment, cleanup,
and restoration.
C-0229-77
AN OVERSEAS ROLE FOR THE STRIKE FORCE AGAINST OIL SPILLS
Fondiller, H. V. 1975.
Surveyor 9(4) :23-26.
Contingency planning, Cleanup, Oil spills, Pollution prevention,
Tankers, Government agencies, *USCG
A U.S. Coast Guard program is described for combatting major oil
spills in U.S. and foreign waters. The program consists of
three "National Strike Force" teams, each consisting of 15 highly
trained personnel and specialized pollution control systems
which are prepared to respond to major oil spills within two hours.
The program has been proven effective in the "Metula" and "Showa
Maru" tanker spills, as well as numerous spills in U.S. waters.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(5):#76-04628. 1976]
C-0230-77
EPA'S VIEW OF PROJECTED OIL DRILLING ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELF
Green, F. 1976.
Sea Technology 17(10):10-13,32.
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Offshore drilling, OCS, Oil
transport, Atlantic coast, *Research needs, *EPA
A contingency plan is outlined for the protection of the
Atlantic coastal environment; and needed research on continuous,
low volume discharges of oil is described. Oil spills due to
oil transport and offshore drilling are discussed and the
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) views on the matter
are outlined.
90
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00231-77
GOVERNMENTS DEVELOP A BACKUP OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR THE
BEAUFORT SEA
Mansfield, B. H. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter 1(3):13-14.
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Beaufort Sea, Canada,
Government agencies, Oil industry
A coordinated contingency plan has been developed by several
Canadian government departments and agencies to deal with the
possibility of an oil spill emergency in the Beaufort Sea. The
plan is designed to be a back up program for oil industry cooper-
atives and operators.
91
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8. PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES
C-0232-77
CIVIL PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
REGULATIONS: INTERIM REGULATIONS
Anon. 1974.
Federal Register 29(169):31601-31603.
Pollution prevention, Regulations, Law enforcement, *Civil
penalties, *EPA
The regulations establish the procedures for the EPA to impose
civil penalties for violations of EPA's Oil Pollution Prevention
Regulations and include provisions for issuance of violation
notices, requests for a hearing on the violation, the appoint-
ment of a presiding hearing officer, conduct of the hearing,
and penalty appeal procedures. The costs assessed for civil
penalties are discussed.
[from MRIS Abstracts. Vol. 13:#14 129744. 1976]
C-0233-77
DROP-IN VALVE COMPLETES BLOWOUT PROTECTION (product information)
Anon. 1976.
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology 15(3):105.
Blowout prevention, Drilling, Design and engineering, *Drop-in
valve
The Hydril Drop-in Check Valve is a pump-down type of inside
blowout preventer which completely closes the drill pipe when
a blowout is imminent. The device is maintained topside until
needed, then pumped down the drill pipe where it lodges to
provide automatic check valve capabilities. FFI contact the
Hydril Company, 714 West Olympic Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90015.
C-0234-77
A SAFER FLOATING OIL HOSE (product information)
Anon. 1975.
Dock and Harbour Authority 56(659):177.
Pollution prevention, Crude oil, Oil transfer, Design and
engineering, *SAFLOTE oil hose
The Dunlap Oil and Marine Division has developed the SAFLOTE
floating hose with double carcass for transferring crude oil.
In the event of a rupture of the primary carcass, the outer,
secondary carcass contains and fills with the escaping oil;
thereby distorting and increasing its outside diameter by at
least 35% and visibly indicating the problem and preventing
a spillage.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(5):#76-04787. 1976]
92
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C-0235-77
FIGHTING OIL POLLUTION - SWEDISH STYLE
Author unknown. 1976.
Kelvin Hughes Review 55:16-17.
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Sweden
Summary not available.
[from Underwater Information Bulletin 8(4):37.
1976]
C-0236-77
PREVENTION OF NUISANCE AND POLLUTION DURING THE EXPLORATION
AND EXPLOITATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE SEA [in French]
Barbier, Y. 1975.
The Mediterranean and the Fight Against Marine Pollution Caused
by the Production, Transport and Transformation of Energy and
Primary Energetic Matter. Monaco, International Commission for
the Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea (CIESM),
1975. p.23-27. Proceedings of the work of the Committee for
the Fight Against Marine Pollution during the 24th Plenary
Congress-Assembly, Monaco, December, 1974.
Pollution prevention, Offshore exploration, Hydrocarbons,
Mediterranean Sea
"The potential origins of nuisances and pollutions inherent in
the various steps of the exploration and exploitation of hydro-
carbons offshore are detailed. A brief description of the means
both important and very elaborated which are used in opposition
to the possible effects of these origins is made."
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(3):#6Q3324.
1976]
C-0237-77
OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
Baum, R. L. 1975.
Federal Register 40(132) :28849.
Pollution prevention, Oil spills, Storage, Oil discharges,
Legislation, Contingency planning, *FWPCA
Requirements of Section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act (FWPCA) are briefly explained. Owners
or operators of any onshore or offshore oil-related facility are
to promptly report oil discharges and to have a certified
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan. The
requirements of Section 101(a) of the FWPCA have been expanded
to include not only petroleum, but also non-petroleum oil and
fat processing and storage facilities.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-10772. 1976]
93
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C-0238-77
BUND/LAENDER - VEREINBARUNG ZUR BEKAEMPFUNG VON OELUNFAELLEN
AN DER KUESTE UNO AUF DER HOHEN SEE (FEDERAL/STATE AGREEMENT
FOR COMBATTING OIL INCIDENTS ALONG THE COAST AND ON THE HIGH
SEAS) [English summary]
Boe, C. 1975.
Deutsche Gewaesserkundliche Mitteilungen 19(Sonderheft): 127-
128.
Government agencies, Germany, Pollution prevention, Oil spills,
Coasts, Oceans
The Sea and Coast Oil Incident Committee was established to
develop practicable technical and organizational procedures
to be followed in the event of an oil incident. Based on its
recommendations, the federal government and states reached an
agreement on measures to be taken, including preliminary and
final steps and financial settlements. The emergency action
staff of the Cuxhaven Water and Shipping Control Agency is
authorized to order all measures required to control emergency
incidents.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04389. 1976]
C-0239-77
OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP - APPLICATION OF EQUIPMENT AND METHODS
Brackley, P. G., and P. D. Holmes. 1976.
Prevention and Control of Marine Oil Pollution, Brisbane,
Australia, 1976. North Sydney, Petroleum Institute
Environmental Conservation Executive, 1976. 24p. Regional
Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia. Technical Papers.
Pollution control, Oil spills, Cleanup, Contingency planning,
Personnel training
Effective preparation and action in oil spill cleanup are
discussed. The need for thorough contingency planning and
personnel training is stressed because a wide variety of spill
possibilities must be anticipated and a proper, rapid response
must be assured in any onshore, inshore or offshore spill
scenario. Preparedness should include reliable and suitable
equipment, materials such as dispersants, and adequate technical
support. Possible responses in a wide variety of possible spill
situations are outlined and reviewed.
94
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C-0240-77
APPLICATION OF ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER
QUALITY IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Condron, J. A., and T. J. Puzniak. 1975.
Analytical Instruments (13):83-86.
Pollution control, Water quality, Oil industry, *0n-line
Instrumentation
The accuracy, efficiency, and problems of on-line water quality
control instrumentation in the petroleum industry are reviewed
and compared based on a five year study of different methods.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(14) :#98804t. 1976]
C-0241-77
ACCIDENTAL OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA
Department of the Environment, Central Unit on Environmental
Pollution. 1976.
London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976. Pollution
Paper No. 8 .
Oil spills, Oceans, Pollution prevention, Cleanup, Regulations,
United Kingdom
Future oil spill risks at sea and the adequacy of the United
Kingdom's measures to deal with the spills are discussed.
Cleanup, recovery, and regulatory measures are reviewed and
government regulations are outlined.
[from Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(10):197-198. 1976]
C-0242-77
SELECTION AND SENSITIVITY REQUIREMENTS FOR BLOWOUT CONTROL
DETECTION INSTRUMENTS
Dittmer, A. K., and F. J. Fisher. 1976.
Society of Petroleum Engineers of the American Institute of
Mechanical Engineers Fall Meeting, 51st, New Orleans, 1976.
8p. Preprint.
Blowout prevention, Detection, Pollution prevention, Drilling.
Oil wells,
Blowout control and prevention planning requires a detection
instrument that is specific and sensitive. Requirements will
depend on the drilling environment; a computer will quantify
the characteristics of hydrocarbon gas in the annulus of the
drilling well.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(45):#226,511. 1976]
95
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C-0243-77
AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL PLAN TO COMBAT OIL SPILLS
Gurr, G. J. 1975.
Australian Marine Science Bulletin 52:3-5.
Pollution prevention, Pollution control, Oil spills,
Cleanup, Contingency planning, Australia
Summary not available.
[from Australian Science Index 20(2):#686. 1976]
C-0244-77
COUNTERMEASURE TO CONTROL OIL SPILLS IN WESTERN CANADA
Hall, P. L., and H. Quam. 1976.
Ground Water 14(3) :163-169.
Pollution prevention, Oil spills, Government agencies, Industries,
Canada, Legislation, Personnel training
Governments and industries in western Canada are working together
to develop new legislation concerning the handling of refined
petroleum products. Oil spill manuals, training manuals, and
educational films have been developed to help prevent oil spills.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(17) :#W76-09346. 1976]
C-0245-77
THE CURRENT STATE OF OIL SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN THE
UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Horn, S. A. 1976.
Prevention and Control of Marine Oil Pollution, Brisbane,
Australia, 1976. North Sydney, Australia, Petroleum Institute
Environmental Conservation Executive, 1976. 31p. Regional
Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia. Technical Papers.
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Pollution control, Legislation,
U.S., Canada, Contingency planning, Oil discharges, Cleanup,
Personnel training
Current oil spill prevention laws, contingency plans and
practices in the U.S. and Canada are compared. In both countries,
discharge of oil into waterways is an illegal act, and penalties
are assessed for deliberate or accidental spillages and for lack
of prompt notification. Provisions governing cleanup procedures
and use of chemical dispersants are outlined. Industry and
government spill preparedness programs consist of training
schools, equipment testing and development programs, oil spill
cooperatives, governmental emergency task forces, and private
spill response contractors.
96
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C-0246-77
EEB ACTIVITIES IN ARCTIC OIL SPILL COUNTERMEASURES
Logan, W. J. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):15-17.
Oil spills, Arctic, Cleanup, Pollution control, Beaufort Sea
The Environmental Emergency Branch (EEB) of the Environmental
Protection Service has investigated various oil spill counter-
measures which might be useful in the arctic, ice-laden waters
of the Beaufort Sea. Existing countermeasures such as in situ
ignition are not found to be useful except under very limited
conditions. The EEB is currently sponsoring a number of
projects to upgrade existing techniques and to develop new
oil spill countermeasures.
C-0247-77
LOUISIANA SUPERPORT STUDIES, REPORT 4. TECHNICAL APPENDICES TO
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN
Louisiana State University. 1974.
Technical report, NOAA-75020305; NTIS-COM-75-10314/AS. 227p.
Oil spills, Coasts, Louisiana, Environmental protection,
Ports
The possible effects of oil spillage on Louisiana's coastal zone
are discussed and technical methods for the reduction of oil
spill possibilities are suggested. The Environmental Protection
Plan recommendations are reviewed.
[from Sea Grant Publications Index 1975 1:#LSU-T-74-006. 1976]
C-0248-77
THE FIGHT AGAINST POLLUTION OF THE SEA BY HYDROCARBONS [in French]
Mourlon, J.-C. 1975.
The Mediterranean and the Fight Against Marine Pollution Caused
by the Production, Transport, and Transformation of Energy and
Primary Energetic Matter. Monaco, International Commission for
the Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea (CIESM),
1975. p.53-57. Proceedings of the work of the Committee for
the Fight against Marine Pollution during the 24th Plenary
Congress-Assembly, Monaco, December, 1974.
Pollution prevention, Hydrocarbons, International conventions
Sources and controls of marine oil pollution are discussed with
special reference to the London Convention of 1973.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(3):#6Q3325.
1976]
97
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C-0249-77
CANMAR'S ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION AND OIL SPILL CLEANUP SYSTEM
FOR THE SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA
O'Rourke, C. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):7-10.
Blowout prevention, Drilling, Uil spills, Cleanup, Beaufort Sea,
Booms, Skimmers, Contingency planning
The Environment Prediction System,which is a sophisticated
weather forecasting system, will help prevent blowouts from
drill ships and aid in assuring safe drilling operations by
providing information on wind, wave, weather, ice and iceberg
conditions for the Southern Beaufort Sea. The spill cleanup
systems developed for Canadian Marine Drilling, Ltd., consist
of a large, inflatable containment boom specially designed for
Arctic conditions, and a Lockheed Clean-Sweep skimmer. In the
event of oil escaping the boom or skimmer, contingency plans
and techniques for burning this oil have been developed.
C-0250-77
LIABILITY, COMPENSATION, AND PREVENTION OF OIL SPILLS: A NORTH
AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE
Pedrick, J. L. 1975.
Earth Law Journal 1(4):301-322.
Regulations, Legislation, Oil spills, Liability, Tankers,
Safety, Pollution prevention
A chronological outline of international and national regulating
responses to oil pollution is presented. Although progress is
reported in the area of spill liability and liability assessment,
the need for better liability protection, improved tanker safety,
and spill prevention measures are called for. Two hundred
references are included.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(7/8) :#76-05040. 1976]
C-0251-77
OPERATION PREPAREDNESS - QUEBEC REGION
Pistruzak, W. M. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter l(4):33-37.
Oil spills, St. Lawrence River, Pollution control, Contingency
planning, Personnel training, Cleanup, *Field tests
A series of exercises were conducted in the St. Lawrence River
in August, 1976, in order to test existing oil spill cleanup
and control equipment, and to familiarize oil spill response
teams and organizations with spill countermeasures and their
field application. The tests involved the Canadian Coast
Guard, the Environmental Emergency Section of Environment
Canada, and teams from six private companies and organizations.
98
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C-0252-77
PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT AGAINST POLLUTION IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN
Sand, P. H. 1976.
Environmental Policy Law 1 (4)-.154-159.
International conventions, Pollution control, Environmental
protection, Oil discharges, Mediterranean Sea
Recent studies by the FAO Legal Office are reviewed; the studies
include a 1974 survey of existing and proposed international
conventions for the control of marine pollution and their rele-
vance to the Mediterranean. Present or already completed programs,
such as those by GESAMP, IMCO, and GFCM, are discussed. Pollution
of the Mediterranean Sea by oil, sewage and industrial contaminants
is documented.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(7):#6Q7619.
1976]
C-0253-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN CREATING A REFINERY IN THE CARIBBEAN
SEA. 2
Sugai, K. 1976.
Sekiyu To Sekiyu Kagaku 20(2):76-80.
Pollution control, Refineries, Environmental protection,
Caribbean Sea
"Pollution control measures are described in the construction
of a petroleum refinery with 200,000 barrels/day capacity."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(10):#67465d. 1976]
C-0254-77
GROUNDING OF THE NEPCO 140, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, JUNE 23, 1976
Vanderkooy, N. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter l(4):24-32.
Oil spills, St. Lawrence River, Government agencies, U.S.,
Canada, Cleanup, Restoration, Birds
Countermeasures undertaken by U.S. and Canadian government
agencies in controlling a recent oil spill into the St.
Lawrence River are reviewed. The strategies and methods used
in the containment, cleanup, recovery and restoration activities
are detailed, and the attempts to save oiled birds are described.
The NEPCO spill incident cost a total of $8 million in cleanup
costs.
99
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C-0255-77
DETERMINING THE EXTENT OF ENTRY OF FLUIDS INTO A BOREHOLE
DURING DRILLING
Walther, H. C., Jr., and G. M. Meyers. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,968,844
Pollution prevention, Blowout prevention, Drilling, Oil wells
Potential blowout conditions during well drilling can be detected
by a method which involves(1) providing a bypass in the side-
wall above the bypass valve of the drillstring, (2) momentarily
stopping circulation of drilling fluid past the drill bit, and
(3) observing the surface pressure of the drilling fluid system
downstream from the mud pump.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(43):#226,086. 1976]
3,968,844
DETERMINING THE EXTENT OF ENTRY OF FLUIDS
INTO A BOREHOLE DURING DRILLING
Herbert C. Walther, Jr., Ponca City, Okla., and George M.
Myers, Houston, Tex., assignors to Continental Oil Com-
pany, Ponca City, Okla.
Filed Sept. 19, 1974, Ser. No. 507,320
Int. Cl.* E21B 47/00
VS. Cl. 175—48 4 Claims
C-0256-77
SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL: A SPECIAL REPORT
Weiss, W. H. 1976.
Pollution Engineering 8(11):22-29.
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Contingency planning, Booms,
Skimmers, Monitoring
Methods and criteria for setting up a Spill Prevention Control
and Countermeasure (SPCC) plan for a plant or industry to stop
or contain an oil spill are reviewed. Pollution control equip-
ment such as booms, skimmers, sorbents, and monitors are
discussed.
100
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-0257-77
LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Anderson, J. W. 1975.
API Publication #4249. 70p.
Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms
Summary not available.
[from J. W. Anderson, Batelle Pacific Northwest Division,
Sequim, WA 98382]
C-0258-77
UPTAKE AND DEPURATION OF SPECIFIC HYDROCARBONS FROM OIL BY THE
BIVALVES RANGIA CUNEATA AND CRASSOSTREA VIRGIN ICA
Anderson, J. W. "1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.690-703.
Hydrocarbons, Mollusks, Marine organisms, *Uptake and depuration
Groups of clams, Rangia, and oysters, Crassostrea, were subjected
to oil-water emulsions of four test oils for long periods of time
in order to test the hydrocarbon retention time in mollusks.
Analysis of the mollusks for specific hydrocarbons indicated
rapid depuration rates.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11024. 1976]
C-0259-77
ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY EDIBLE
MARINE ANIMALS
Anderson, J. W., and J. M. Neff. 1976.
Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health Effects of
Environmental Pollution. Luxembourg, Commission European
Communities, 1976. Vol. 3. p.1461-1469.
Fate, Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms, Fuel oil, Fishes, Mollusks:
Crustaceans, *Accumulation and release studies
Oysters experimentally exposed to up to 400 ppm dispersed fuel
oil for eight hours rapidly accumulated a broad spectrum of
different hydrocarbons. Methyl naphthalenes were accumulated
to higher concentrations than other hydrocarbons. When returned
to oil-free seawater, naphthalenes were released to background
levels in 28 days. In similar experiments with clams, shrimp,
and fish, release of naphthalenes to low or undetectable levels
was achieved in 6-14 days.
[from J. W. Anderson, Battelle Pacific Northwest Division,
Sequim, WA 98382]
101
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C-0260-77
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON SEABIRDS (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(10):180.
Biological effects, Birds, Offshore development, Fisheries,
Scotland, Conference
"An international conference is to be held in Aberdeen, Scotland
from 26-28 March 1977 on the Changing Seabird Populations of
the North Atlantic:. On March 27th the conference will look
in depth at the topic of human influences - fisheries, oil
developments and chemical pollution. For further details of
the programme write to: Chris Mead, British Trust for Ornithology
Beech Grove, Tring, Herts HP23 5NR."
C-0261-77
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL AND DISPERSANTS ON BIVALVES
Avozali, R. J., and Nuwayhid. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(10) :149-152.
Biological effects, Dispersants, Crude oil, Toxicity, Mollusks,
*Respiration rate
"The toxic effects of crude oil, the dispersant Corexit 7664,
and mixtures of two species of bivalve have been examined. A
light Arabian crude is most toxic to one, Corexit is most toxic
to the other. The susceptibility to oil of the mussel, Brachi-
dontes is also reflected in a significant depression of respiration
rate at sub-lethal concentrations."
[from Baseline Study Program North Puget Sound. Biological Oil
Impact Literature Review. Volume II. Bibliography. No. PB-254
292]
C-0262-77
PATTERNS OF OIL SEDIMENT REJECTION IN CORALS
Bak, R. P. M., and J. H. B. W. Elgershuizen. 1976.
Marine Biology 37(2):105-113.
Biological effects, Contamination, Sediments, *Corals
The effect of oil polluted sediment on various colonial corals
was experimentally determined, using clean sediment as controls.
The corals were found to rid themselves of clinging, oily
sediment particles by patterns of mucus secretion and ciliary
action which are identical to the patterns of rejection for
clean sediments. Oil drops of > 0.06 mm diameter do not adhere
to living coral tissue and are not ingested. The toxicity of
oil in seawater is believed to be more harmful to corals than
physical contact with oil sediment particles.
102
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C-0263-77
EFFECTS OF OIL ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Baker, J. M. 1976.
Prevention and Control of Marine Oil Pollution, Brisbane,
Australia, 1976. North Sydney, Australia, Petroleum Institute
Environmental Conservation Executive, 1976. 17p. Regional
Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia. Technical Papers.
Acute effects, Chronic effects, Oil spills, Petroleum products,
Refineries, Marine organisms, Monitoring
Approaches used by the Oil Pollution Research Unit in studying
the acute and chronic effects of oil and related pollutants to
the marine environment are outlined. These are primarily field
surveys, biological monitoring, and field experiments supplemented
by laboratory studies. The research has shown that the effects
of oil spills, cleanup agents, and refinery effluents cannot be
generalized because of a great number of variables that deter-
mine the extent of damage. The monitoring of oil-related
industries is emphasized, and some objectives, methods, and
problems of biological monitoring schemes are discussed.
C-0264-77
STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF TWO OIL COLLECTING AGENTS ON AQUATIC
ORGANISMS OF LAKE MARACAIBO
Bean, R. M., and E. A. Sutton. 1974.
Technical report, Battelle-Northwest Laboratories.
Biological effects, *0il collecting agents, Lakes, Venezuela,
*Lake Maracaibo
Summary not available.
[from A Bibliography of Environmental Research: Ecosystems
Department 1952-1975. Battelle-Northwest, No. BNWL-SA-4655.
p.7]
C-0265-77
STUDY OF EFFECTS OF OIL DISCHARGES AND DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL
WASTEWATERS ON THE FISHERIES OF LAKE MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA.
VOL. II. FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL
Bean, R. M., and E. A. Sutton. 1974.
Technical report, Battelle-Northwest Laboratories. W. L.
Templeton (ed.).
Oil discharges, Wastewaters, Biological effects, Fate, Fisheries,
Lakes, Venezuela, Economics, *Lake Maracaibo
Summary not available.
[from A Bibliography of Environmental Research: Ecosystems
Department 1952-1975. Battelle-Northwest, No. BNWL-SA-4655.
P.7]
103
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C-0266-77
INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF THE TOXICITY OF PETROLEUM TO
MARINE ORGANISMS
Bean, R. M., J. R. Vanderhorst, and P. Wilkinson. 1974.
Richland, Washington, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories,
Final report. 31p.
Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Fishes, Crustaceans, Chemical
analysis, *0il solubles
The influence of oil solubles on juvenile salmon and coonstripe
shrimp is examined and a system for chemically characterizing
the soluble hydrocarbons is described. Interpretations and
conclusions regarding toxic responses of the organisms are
included.
[from Baseline Study Program North Puget Sound. Biological Oil
Impact Literature Review. Volume II. Bibliography. No. PB-254
292]
C-0267-77
THE ROLE OF WATER-SEDIMENT INTERACTION IN THE OSTEND SLUICE
DOCK WITH REGARD TO THE TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO INVERTEBRATE
LARVAE
Benijts, F., and D. Versichele. 1975.
Sublethal Effects of Toxic Chemicals on Aquatic Animals. J. H.
Koeman, and J. J. T. W. A. Strik (eds.). New York, Elsevier
Scientific Publishing Co., 1975. p.221-234. Proceedings of
the Swedish-Netherlands Symposium, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
September, 1975.
Toxicity, Contaminants, Hydrocarbons, Invertebrates, Mollusks,
Seawater, Sediments, North Sea, *0ysters
An investigation was conducted to identify and determine the
source of organic substances which were interfering with larval
development of oyster cultures in the sluice dock at Ostend.
Chromatographic analyses showed that stagnant sluice dock waters
were highly toxic due to the high concentration of petroleum-
based aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is concluded that the contami-
nants are leached out of oil-polluted sediments which are
deposited in the quiet waters of the sluice dock area.
104
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C-0268-77
OIL SPILLS
Blumer, M., H. L. Sanders, J. F. Grassle, and G. R. Hampson.
1975.
The Social Costs of Power Production. B. Commoner (ed.), New
York, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1975. Vol. 1. p.81-95.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Toxicity, Marine organisms,
Massachusetts, *West Falmouth Spill
This chapter discusses the immediate and long range environmental
and biological damage inflicted by oil spills, using the 1970
West Falmouth, Massachusetts oil spill as a case history. The
persistent, destructive effects of this spill, which were docu-
mented over a period of years, on marine biotic communities
are emphasized.
C-0269-77
ANALYSIS OF POLLUTION FROM MARINE ENGINES AND EFFECTS ON
ENVIRONMENT
Boating Industry Association, Chicago, n.d.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 71p.
Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton,
Benthos, Water quality, Gasoline, *Marine engine emissions
Four ponds were exposed to outboard engine emissions at a rate
three times greater than that from saturation boating levels.
Small changes in phytoplankton species variation and productivity,
zooplankton population dynamics, the benthic microinvertebrate
community, and general water quality could not be ascribed to
emissions effects to the exclusion of natural stress.
C-0270-77
OIL POLLUTION OF THE RIVER YTHAN
Bourne, W. R. P. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(8):139.
Biological effects, Fuel oil, Oil spills, Birds, Scotland,
Pollution control, *River Ythan
The pollution of the River Ythan by diesel fuel and the measures
taken by various pollution control agencies of Scotland are
discussed. Only a few Eiders and Terns have been killed,
although damage to eggs in a nearby breeding ground has not been
assessed.
105
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C-0271-77
SECTION 5: THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF OIL SPILLS ON MARINE BIRDS
Brown, R. G. B. 1974.
Summary of Physical, Biological, Socioeconomic and Other Factors
Relevant to Potential Oil Spills in the Passamaquoddy Region of
the Bay of Fundy. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Technical
Report 428. p.121-140.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Contamination, Birds, Canada,
*Bay of Fundy, Chronic effects
The Passamaquoddy Bay area is an important wintering area or
stop over for migrating birds including several species of
diving ducks, Phalaropes, Greater shearwaters, and kittywakes.
Oil contamination of the eelgrass beds would be lethal to
Brant geese. The cumulative adverse effects of small spills
or chronic pollution represents a greater threat to the water-
fowl of the area than does the danger of occasional oil spills.
[from Baseline Study Program. North Puget Sound. Biological
Oil Impact Literature Review. Volume II. Bibliography.
No. PB-254 292]
C-0272-77
BASELINE STUDY PROGRAM. NORTH PUGET SOUND. BIOLOGICAL OIL
IMPACT LITERATURE REVIEW. VOLUME I. TEXT
Buell, J. W., and V. W. Kaczynski. 1976.
Final report, WA/DOE/BR-75/01. 204p.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Petrochemicals, Marine
organisms, Puget Sound, ^Literature review
Literature on the impact of oil upon the significant biological
resources of Puget Sound is reviewed and analyzed. Possible
effects of oil spills and petrochemical spills on the biota
are considered. Interpretive data is summarized by organism
and habitat. (See also Volume II, Bibliography; C-0438-77,
p. 174.)
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19):#PB-254 291/8GA.
1976]
C-0273-77
IMPACT OF CHRONIC AND ACUTE OIL POLLUTION ON SEA BIRDS
Clark, R. B. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.619-631.
Chronic effects, Acute effects, Oil spills, Birds, Pollution
prevention, Conservation
Seabirds are the most vulnerable organisms to oil pollution
because they spend most or almost all of their lives on the
106
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water, they dive to collect food, and they are weak fliers or
flightless. This paper reviews information collected on the
impact of oil pollution on seabirds and includes discussions
on remedial measures to prevent oil spills, treatment of oil
spills, treatment of oiled birds, and seabird conservation.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20) :#W76-11020.
1976]
C-0274-77
HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ZOOPLANKTON AND FISH, PART 1
Corner, E. D. S., and R. P. Harris. 1976.
Effects of Pollutants on Aquatic Organisms. A. P. M. Lockwood
(ed.). New York, Cambridge University Press, 1976. p.71-85.
Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Zooplankton, Toxicity,
Metabolism
The long and short-term effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on
zooplankton are reviewed, with emphasis on toxicity, tainting,
behavioral responses, uptake, and metabolism. Experiments still
in progress are discussed.
C-0275-77
EFFECTS OF WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF KUWAIT CRUDE OIL AND
NO. 2 FUEL OIL (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE STANDARDS) ON THE
LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUD CRAB, EURYPANOPEUS DEPRESSUS
(SMITH)
Cucci, T. L., and C. E. Epifanio. 1976.
American Zoologist 16(2) :250. Abstract.
Toxicity, Acute effects, Chronic effects, Crude oil, Fuel oil,
Metabolism, Crustaceans, *Mud crab
The title study was conducted to determine the acute toxicities
of two oils on each larval stage of the mud crab, and to assess
chronic effects of the oils upon the molting frequency and
growth rate of its larval and post-larval stages.
107
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C-0276-77
SEA-URCHIN EGG DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE ACTION OF BENZO-A-PYRENE
AND 7-12-DIMETHYL BENZ-A-ANTHRACENE
DeAngelis, E. , and G. G. Giordano. 1974.
Cancer Research 34(6) :1275-1280.
PAH, Biological effects, Marine organisms, Echinoderms, *Egg
development
The effect of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)-
anthracene (DMBA) was measurea on dividing and differentiating
cells in eggs of the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. The
action of BP on fertilized eggs and gametes before fertiliza-
tion differs from that of DMBA in that the latter substance
showed a specific damaging action on mesenchyme cells, which
appeared to have lost their capacity to organize the skeleton.
The former substance did not interfere with the normal function
of the cell.
C-0277-77
EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: A REVIEW FOR ADMINISTRATORS
AND POLICYMAKERS
Evans, D. P., and S. D. Rice. 1974.
U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Bulletin 72(3):625-638.
Contamination, Oil spills, Chronic effects, Ecosystems, EIS,
Pipelines, Alaska
"A review of selected literature [is] surveyed for the marine
section of the Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed
Trans-Alaska pipeline project, emphasizing the need for research
on the effects of chronic low level pollution."
[from Baseline Study Program North Puget Sound. Biological Oil
Impact Literature Review. Volume II. Bibliography. No. PB-
254 292]
C-0278-77
DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF OIL ON RINGED SEALS (PHQCA
HISPIDA) OF THE BEAUFORT SEA
Geraci, J. R., and T. G. Smith. 1976.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33(9):1976-
1984.
Contamination, Crude oil, Marine mammals, *Ringed seals,
Biological effects, Offshore development
Results are given from a study to evaluate the behavioral,
physiological, and pathological consequences of crude oil
contact and ingestion on wild ringed seals. Effects of longer
contact as would be the situation in an offshore oil well
blowout are discussed; the possible effects of large-scale
offshore oilfields are also considered.
108
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C-0279-77
REDUCTION IN CARBON FLUX IN MYA ARENARIA CAUSED BY A SPILL OF
NO. 6 FUEL OIL
Gilfillan, E. S., D. Mayo, S. Hanson, D. Donovan, and L. C.
Jiang. 1976.
Marine Biology 37(2):115-123.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Fuel oil, Metabolism, Mollusks,
*Mya arenaria, *Carbon flux
Carbon flow rates were calculated from respiration, assimilation,
and filtration data which was determined on a monthly basis for
two populations of Mya arenaria in Casco Bay, Maine; one of which
was heavily polluted by a spill of No. 6 fuel oil. Although the
carbon flow trends were similar for each population, the oiled
population gained 50% less carbon than the unoiled population.
The difference results from the uptake of hydrocarbons by the
oiled population.
C-0280-77
EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF OIL SPILL
DISPERSANTS
Gilmour, A. J., and D. S. Negilski. 1976.
Prevention and Control of Marine Oil Pollution, Brisbane,
Australia, 1976. North Sydney, Australia, Petroleum Institute
Environmental Conservation Executive, 1976. 27p. Regional
Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia. Technical Papers.
Oil spills, Dispersants, Toxicity, Acute effects, Chronic
effects, Marine organisms, *Environmental stress
The biological and physico-chemical characteristics of the
marine environment are briefly reviewed in order to provide
a background for examining the nature, severity and extensive-
ness of environmental stress and damage caused by oil and oil
dispersants. The toxicity, persistence, and acute and chronic
effects of components of crude oil and dispersants in the
marine environment are discussed, and various approaches to
evaluating environmental stress caused by these pollutants are
outlined.
109
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C-0281-77
MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASE (MFO) ACTIVITY IN FLORIDA MARINE SPECIES
James, M. 0., and 0. R. Bend. 1976.
Pharmacologist 18:207.
Metabolism, Contaminants, Marine organisms, Toxicity
Many chemicals including petroleum hydrocarbons which contaminate
the marine environment are metabolized in mammalian species via
the MFO systems to products which are often more toxic. Cytochrome
P-450 content and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin
0-deethylase, and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities were
measured in several Florida marine species. Results are
presented.
C-0282-77
JP-4 and JP-9 FUEL TOXICITY STUDIES USING FRESH WATER FISH AND
AUFWUCHS
Klein, S., R. Cooper, and D. Jenkins. 1976.
Annual research report 1974-1975, AMRL-TR-76-50; Contract F33615-
73-C-4059. 68p.
Toxicity, Fuels, Fishes, Freshwater, *Jet engine fuels
Materials evaluated include RJ-4, RJ-5, methylcyclohexane, JP-9,
and JP-4. Techniques for organism exposure and results of such
exposures are presented.
C-0283-77
ACUTE TOXICITY OF CRUDE OIL TO FISH FRY AND THE INTAKE OF SUB-
LETHAL CONCENTRATIONS OF CRUDE OIL HYDROCARBONS BY THE FISH
ORGANISM (English summary)
Kuehnhold, W. W. 1975.
Bonn Bundesministerium fUr Forschung und Technologie, Final
report, BMFT-FB-M-75-07. 33p.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Toxicity, Emulsifiers, Fishes
The acute and chronic toxic effects of dissolved crude oil
fractions on embryonic and larval development of cod and herring
were determined using three different crude oils with and
without a nontoxic emulsifying agent. Use of the emulsifier
was found to increase the toxicity of a given crude oil with
time. The laboratory procedures used and resulting problems
are discussed.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(17):#N76-
26724. 19761
110
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C-0284-77
FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS TAKEN UP FROM FOOD AND WATER BY
THE BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAP I PUS
Lee, R. F., C. Ryan, and M. L. Neuhauser. 1976.
Marine Biology 37(4):363-370.
Fate, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Crustaceans, *Blue crab
Radiolabeled aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons were taken
up from food and water by the blue crab Call inectes s^pj_d_us_;
about 10 percent of the hydrocarbons were assimilated. More
than 50 percent of the radioactivity assimilated was in the
hepatopancreas. Twenty-five days after exposure, radioactivity
was found only in the hepatopancreas, suggesting that this
organ was the site of hydrocarbon metabolism. No evidence
was found of hydrocarbon storage by any of the crab tissues.
C-0285-77
EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Lockwood, A. P. M. (ed.). 1976.
New York, Cambridge University Press, 1976. 193p.
Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Fishes, Algae, Invertebrates,
*Physiological effects, *Biochemical effects
Experimental studies on the physiological and biochemical effects
of a wide range of pollutants including hydrocarbons on fish,
algae, and invertebrates are reported. Effects at the sublethal
level are emphasized.
C-0286-77
TOWARDS A MODEL OF THE EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Moore, S. F. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.619-631.
Models, Biological effects, Oil spills, Marine organisms
A model is described that provides a concise and systematic
framework for challenging various hypotheses regarding the
effects of oil on marine organisms.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20) :#W76-11021. 1976J
111
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C-0287-77
OIL POLLUTION AND SHELLFISH
Neff, J. M. 1974.
National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop, 8th. D. S. Walt (ed.).
National Shellfish Safety Program, 1974. p.72-76.
Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Crustaceans, Mollusks,
*Shellfish, *0il pollution
Summary not available.
[from J. W. Anderson, Battelle Pacific Northwest Division,
Sequim, WA 98382
C-0288-77
POSITION PAPER ON THE EFFECTS OF AiJJTE OIL SPILLS
North, W. J. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.758-777.
Environmental effects, Oil spills, Acute effects
Oil spills cause relatively limited disturbances that do not
overtax recovery potentials of the environment. However, since
recovery periods are long, substantial effort should be made to
prevent acute oil spills.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11028. 1976]
C-0289-77
BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF AN ACCIDENTAL OIL POLLUTION FOR
ROCKY SHORES OF NORMAN COAST. RESULTS ONE YEAR AFTER OIL
POLLUTION ON NOVEMBER 26TH, 1974
Peltier, J. C., W. Dupont, and J. P. Dupont. 1976.
Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de ses
Filiales 170(2) :442-448.
Oil spills, Dispersants, Biological effects, Mollusks, Marine
organisms, France, *Norman Coast
In areas where detergents were not used, mussels and other
sessile animals of the rocky shores have metabolized and
excreted the accumulated hydrocarbons. In areas where deter-
gents were used to disperse the spill, significant biological
and ecological damage has been documented.
112
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C-0290-77
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OILS ON ARCTIC MARINE INVERTEBRATES
Percy, J. A., and T. C. Mullin. 1975.
Beaufort Sea Project, Department of the Environment, Canada.
Beaufort Sea Technical Report 11. 171p.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Marine organisms, Invertebrates,
Arctic, Habitats, Toxicity, Metabolism
The biological effects of crude oil on arctic marine inverte-
brates were investigated in three distinct habitats: the sub-
ice, the neritic, and the benthic habitats. Toxicity studies
indicated a relatively high tolerance level for crude oil
among most species, but activity and metabolism were impaired
by exposure to low oil concentrations.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(10) :#6Q11069.
1976]
C-0291-77
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF CRUDE OIL ON SURVIVAL AND
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF IDOTEA BALTICA AND GAMMARUS SALINUS
[English summary]
Ponat, A. 1976.
Kieler Meeresforschung 31(1):26-31.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Marine organisms, Crustaceans,
*0xygen consumption
Idotea baltica and Gammarus sajinus were exposed to a 0.1 mm
layer of crude oil for 4 hours. The mean survival time for (a.
salinus was 2 days compared to the control value of 31 days;
J_. baltica showed greater resistance with a mean survival time
of 46 days and a control value of 56 days. Oxygen consumption
was reduced by 60% and 30% in G_. salinus and L baltica
respectively.
[from Biological Abstracts 62(8):#43407. 1976]
C-0292-77
COMMUNITY AND SPECIES RESPONSE OF CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) TO
CONTAMINATION OF FRESH WATERS BY CRUDE OIL AND PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE TRAIL RIVER, NORTHWEST
TERRITORIES
Rosenberg, D. M., and A. P. Wiens. 1976.
Journal of The Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33(9):1955-
1963.
Biological effects, Contamination, Crude oil, Petroleum products,
Freshwater, Canada, *Chironomidae
Responses of larval Chironomidae to experimental contamination
of artificial substrates were investigated, and results of
113
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recent field studies involving effects of oil and petroleum
products on these organisms in fresh waters are reviewed.
Eleven species of Chironomidae which showed either positive
or negative responses to oil contamination were evaluated for
their potential to indicate oil pollution of freshwater
ecosystems. It was predicted that Nilotanypus fimbriatus
(Walk.), Cricotopus bicinctu^ (Meig.)', and C. varipes Coq.,
individually or as an assemblage, would fulfill this role.
C-0293-77
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND THE POLYCHAETOUS
ANNELID, NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA: EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND
REPRODUCTION: FATE OF DIAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ACCUMULATED FROM
SOLUTION OR SEDIMENTS
Rossi, S. S. 1976.
Submitted to Texas A & M University, Graduate College.
Hydrocarbons, Polychates, Biological effects, Fate, *Neanthes
arenaceodentata
Summary not available.
[from J. W. Anderson, Battelle Pacific Northwest Division,
Sequim, WA 98382]
C-0294-77
SOME BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS RELATED TO THE WEST FALMOUTH OIL SPILL
Sanders, H. L. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.778-800.
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Emulsifiers, Biological effects, Marine
organisms, Intertidal zone, Massachusetts, *West Falmouth spill
Detailed observations were made of the subtidal and intertidal
fauna after spill emulsifiers were added to remove the No. 2
fuel oil off West and North Falmouth, Massachusetts. A
discussion is given of the results of this study.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11029.
1976]
114
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C-0295-77
EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL ON POPULATIONS OF BACTERIA AND ALGAE IN
ARTIFICIAL PONDS SUBJECT TO WINTER WEATHER AND ICE FORMATION
Shindler, D. B., B. F. Scott, and D. B. Carlisle. 1975.
Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 19:2138-2144.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Bacteria, Algae, Freshwater,
Canada
The title study showed that after an oil spill enters pond
waters, an initial selection favoring one or a few oil-
degrading bacterial types takes place followed by the gradual
development of greater microbial diversity. Ponds that were
studied remained aerobic the following summer and supported
strictly aerobic bacteria such as Azobacter.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(16):#W76-08453.
1976]
C-0296-77
SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF THE CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM IN
THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
St. Amant, L. S. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.671-689.
Chronic effects, Production, Environmental effects, *0il
pollution
Past studies on the chronic effect of petroleum pollution and
production activities on the marine environment have been
inadequate due to difficulties in measuring the effects of low
levels of oil on the marine system.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11023.
1976]
C-0297-77
STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF TWO OIL COLLECTING AGENTS ON AQUATIC
COMMUNITIES OF LAKE MARACAIBO
Sutton, E. A., and R. C. Arnett. 1974.
Technical report, Battelle-Northwest Laboratories.
Biological effects, *0il collecting agents, Lakes, Venezuela,
*Lake Maracaibo
Summary not available.
[from A Bibliography of Environmental Research: Ecosystems
Department 1952-1975. Battelle-Northwest, No. BNWL-SA-4655.
p.118]
115
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C-0298-77
STUDY OF EFFECTS OF OIL DISCHARGES AND DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL
WASTEWATERS ON THE FISHERIES OF LAKE MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA
VOL. I. ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL
WASTES
Sutton, E. A., and R. M. Bean. 1974.
Technical report, Battelle-Northwest Laboratories. W. L.
Templeton (ed.)« 84p.
Oil discharges, Wastewaters, Biological effects, Fisheries,
Lakes, Venezuela, Economics, *Lake Maracaibo
Summary not available.
[from A Bibliography of Environmental Research: Ecosystems
Department 1952-1975. Battelle-Northwest, No. BNWL-SA-4655.
p.118]
C-0299-77
THE TOXICITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OIL AND PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS ON ESTUARINE GRASS SHRIMP PALAEMONETES PUGIO
HOLTHUIS
Tatem, H. E. 1975.
Submitted to Texas A & M University, Graduate College.
Toxicity, Hydrocarbons, Crustaceans, *Estuarine grass shrimp,
*Pa1aemonetes pugio
Summary not available.
[from J. W. Anderson, Battelle Pacific Northwest Division,
Sequim, WA 98382]
C-0300-77
ACCUMULATION, RELEASE, AND RETENTION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
BY THE OYSTER, CRASSQSTREA VIRGINICA
Teal, J. M., and J. J. Stegeman. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.571-602.
Metabolism, Hydrocarbons, Monitoring, Fate, Mollusks, *0ysters
The accumulation, assimilation, and discharge of petroleum
hydrocarbons by two oyster populations differing in fat content
were monitored under laboratory conditions. Equilibration and
the occurrence of multiple compartments where hydrocarbons can
reside are major factors involved in the uptake of nonbiogenic
hydrocarbons; those hydrocarbons contained in the oysters differed
from the contaminant oil by containing a greater amount of
aromatics.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11018. 1976]
116
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C-0301-77
THE PRESENCE OF POLLUTANT HYDROCARBONS IN ESTUARINE EPIPELIC
DIATOM POPULATIONS
Thompson, S., and G. Eglinton. 1976.
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 4(4):417-425.
Fate, Crude oil, PAH, Hydrocarbons, Algae, Sediments, Estuaries,
England, *Diatoms
Organic extracts of epipelic diatoms from Severn estuary sediments
were found to contain aliphatic hydrocarbons but no polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The environmental significance of
the exclusion of PAH and incorporation of crude oil aliphatic
hydrocarbons from diatom lipid is discussed.
[from Water Research Centre Information 3(33):#76-23465. 1976]
C-0302-77
EFFECT OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON ALGAL PHYSIOLOGY: A REVIEW
AND PROGRESS REPORT
Vandermeulen, J. H., and T. P. Ahern. 1976.
Effects of Pollutants on Aquatic Organisms. A. P. M. Lockwood
(ed.). New York, Cambridge University Press, 1976. p. 107-125.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Algae, ^Naphthalene,
*Algal physiology
The physiological effects on unicellular algae of whole crude
oils, distillate fractions, and some individual compounds are
reviewed. Experimental problems associated with hydrocarbons
and errors resulting from these problems are considered. The
effects of naphthalene on the stability of the algal photosyn-
thetic machinery and on ATP production are discussed.
C-0303-77
OIL THREAT TO AQUATIC BIRDS ALONG THE YUKON COAST
Vermeer, K., and G. C. Anweiler. 1976.
Wilson Bulletin 87(4):467-480.
Biological effects, Oil spills, Birds, Canada, Coasts
Oil spills that may occur along the Yukon coast in Canada will
be most hazardous to oldsquaws and surf-scoters because of their
population densities, long molting periods, reaction to spills,
and nearness to expected oil exploration activities. Migrating
seaducks which stop at coastal lagoons and river deltas will also
be vulnerable to oil pollution.
[from Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants
5(8):#7789. 1976]
117
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C-0304-77
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON AMERICAN LOBSTER (HOMARUS AMERICANOS)
LARVAE IN THE LABORATORY
Wells, P. G., and J. B. Sprague. 1976.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33(7):1604-1614.
Biological effects, Crude oil, Crustaceans, Monitoring, Toxicity,
*American lobster
The toxic effects of Venezuelan Tia Juana crude oil on American
lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae were monitored at various
stages of growth. The threshold for retardation of larval
development was 0.14 mg/1 oil, and the ratio of "safe" to
acutely lethal concentrations was about 0.03. Post larval
lobsters dug significantly more burrows when the substrate
contained oil. The lobsters did not avoid oil substrate nor
was growth or survival affected in substrates containing up to
1740 mg/1 of oil.
C-0305-77
HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ZOOPLANKTON AND FISH, PART 2
Whittle, K. J., and P. R. Mackie. 1976.
Effects of Pollutants on Aquatic Organisms. A. P. M. Lockwood
(ed.). New York, Cambridge Univeristy Press, 1976. p.85-105.
Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Fishes, Toxicity, Metabolism
The long and short-term effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on
fishes are reviewed, with emphasis on toxicity, tainting,
behavioral responses, uptake, and metabolism. Experiments still
in progress are discussed.
C-0306-77
TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND OIL EFFECTS ON THE INGESTION, EGESTION
AND GROWTH OF NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA
Young, L. , and J. W. Anderson. 1976.
American Zoologist 16(2) :238. Abstract.
Biological effects, Metabolism, Crude oil, Polychaetes, *Neanthes
arenaceodentata
Variations in temperature or salinity were found to have a greater
effect on the metabolism and growth of Neanthes arenaceodentata
than did water soluble fractions of Southern Louisiana crude oil.
118
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2. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-0307-77
REMOVAL OF EXTRA LIGHT
Engels, C. 1975.
Vom Wasser 45:45-51.
FUEL OIL FROM POLLUTED WATER [in German]
Economics, Cleanup, Fuel oil
"During prosecution in a case of water pollution violations
there exists the problem of determining the actual costs of
pollution. An example of pollution by extremely light fuel
oil, Extraleicht (HEL), is presented to illustrate the calcu-
lation of costs of cleaning a polluted water body by this
common mineral oil."
[from Environmental
1976]
Health and Pollution Control 10(4):#921.
119
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3. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-0308-77
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA. ANNUAL REPORT
FOR 1975
Anon. 1976.
London, Advisory Committee on Oil Pollution of the Sea, 1976.
36p.
Contamination, Oceans, England, *Advisory Committee on Oil
Pollution
Summary not available.
[from Nature 263(5575) :v. 1976]
C-0309-77
COASTAL ZONE POLLUTION IN INDONESIA - A RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY
Anon. 1974.
Smithsonian Institution, Office of International and Environmental
Programs; Contract AID/csd-2608. 203p.
Oil spills, Coasts, Indonesia, Environmental effects, Offshore
drilling
Environmental impacts associated with international development
led to the undertaking of the present joint study on oil and
other pollution in Indonesia's coastal waters. A survey was made
of offshore oil exploitation.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(21):#PB-255 447/5GA.
1976]
C-0310-77
THE CRUDE OIL POLLUTION OF SAND BEACHES BY THE ACCIDENT OF A
TANKER "THE JULIANA" OFF NIIGATA COAST IN 1971 [English summary]
Aoki, S., K. Chihara, I. Kobayashi, et al. 1975.
Niigata University, Science Reports, Series E(3):51-62.
Oil spills, Crude oil, Tankers, Beaches, Japan, *Niigata Coast
Summary not available.
[from Bibliography and Index of Geology 40(9):1364. 1976]
120
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C-0311-77
MARINE ECOLOGY AND OIL POLLUTION
Baker, J. M. 1976.
Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. 566p.
Contamination, Marine organisms, *Marine ecology
Summary not available.
[from Nature 263(5574):xiv. 1976]
C-0312-77
UATER QUALITY PARAMETERS - A SYMPOSIUM
Canada Center for Inland Waters, and Chemical Institute of
Canada. 1975.
Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1975.
Water quality, Oil spills, Environmental effects, Arctic, Canada
This book includes papers on the environmental impact of experi-
mental oil spills in the Canadian Arctic. Other pollutants,
such as pesticides and heavy metals, are covered.
[from On Effects of Oil Pollution in Arctic and Subarctic Waters.
Northwest Marine Fisheries Center. September, 1976]
C-0313-77
THE HEALTH OF THE OCEANS
Goldberg, E. D. 1976.
Paris, The Unesco Press, 1976. 172p.
Contamination, Oceans, Hydrocarbons, *Marine pollutants,
Environmental effects
Five kinds of major marine pollutants are identified: halogenated
hydrocarbons, radioactivity, heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons
and litter. Available information on quantities of each pollutant
being mobilized about the earth is reviewed so as to evaluate
man's impact on the marine environment.
[from IMS Newsletter No. 13:3. 1976]
121
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C-0314-77
MINERAL OIL - A DANGER TO WATER AND AIR
Hess, W. 1975.
Gesundheitstechnik 9(6) :130-132.
Pollution control, Oil transport, Storage, Production, Statistics
Various aspects of the production, consumption, and pollution
hazards of oil are outlined, and the current oil pollution
situation is examined with examples and statistics from Europe
and North America. The author advocates drastic limits on oil
consumption, improved pollution control in the storage and
transport of oil, increased use of public transportation, and
changes in production philosophy to promote durability rather
than turnover.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 10(6):#1286.
1976]
C-0315-77
OIL IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Ketchum, B. H. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.709-738.
Environmental effects, Environmental protection, Contamination,
Marine organisms, Guidelines
Oil pollution in the marine environment is reviewed and specific
recommendations for procedures to be followed to protect marine
wildlife and to minimize damage to the marine biota are listed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11025. 1976]
C-0316-77
THE IMPORTANCE OF OIL POLLUTION IN THE NORTH SEA
Korringa, P. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.739-743.
Biological effects, Oil spills, North Sea, Behavior, Fate, Cleanup
North Sea oil pollution is discussed with emphasis on the biological
effects of oil in the marine environment, the behavior of oil in
the sea, and the hazards of chemicals used to clean up oil spills.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20) :#W76-11026. 1976]
122
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C-0317-77
TROUBLE ON OILED WATERS (editorial)
Morgan, A. H. 1976.
Massachusetts Audubon 16(3) :l-3.
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Health hazards, Aromatic
hydrocarbons, Offshore exploration, Atlantic coast, *New
England
The environmental and health effects of petroleum, oil spills,
and aromatic hydrocarbons are reviewed and the long-term effects
of oil exploration off New England are discussed. The views
of the Massachusetts Audubon Society on this subject are stated.
C-0318-77
BACKGROUND PAPERS FOR A WORKSHOP ON INPUTS, FATES, AND EFFECTS
OF PETROLEUM IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT, VOL. 2
National Academy of Sciences. 1973.
NTIS AD-783990.
Biological effects, Environmental effects, Marine organisms,
Oil spills, Analytical techniques, Crude oil, Fate, Oceans
Studies on the effects of petroleum on the marine environment
and the fate of petroleum in the ocean are presented. Analytical
techniques are described; and the effects of oil spills on coast
lines, biota, marine resources, and human health are discussed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20) :#W76-11007. 1976]
C-0319-77
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF 1,3-BUTADIENE
(Summary of the published literature)
Parsons, T. B., and G. E. Wilkins. 1976.
Final report, EPA/560/2-76/004. Contract EPA-68-01-3249. 58p.
Hydrocarbons, Biological effects, Environmental effects, Waste-
waters, *1 ,3-butadiene
The report contains information on the effects of 1,3-butadiene
in environmental samples and on the reactivity of 1,3-butadiene
in environmental media.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19):#PB-253 982. 1976]
123
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C-0320-77
FROM ESTHETICS TO ECOLOGY: THE EVOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT
Peterson, R. W. 1976.
Catalyst for Environmental Quality 5(2):9-13.
Environmental deterioration, Oil spills, Tankers
Man's accelerating degradation of the worldwide environment
is examined; specific environmental problems, such as the
increasing damage of oil spillage from tankers and supertankers,
are briefly reviewed.
C-0321-77
PARTITIONING OF MERCURY AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL BY OIL,
WATER, AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT
Saylor, G. S., and R. R. Colwell. 1976.
Environmental Science & Technology 10(12):1142-1145.
*Partitioning studies, *Mercury, *HCB, Crude oil, Sediments,
Freshwater, Seawater
Mixtures of suspended sediment and/or crude oil in freshwater
and marine systems were tested for partitioning of mercury and
hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) in the suspended sediment and oil.
Radioactively labeled 2°3HgCl2 and iH^C 2,4,5,2',4',5' -hexa-
chlorobiphenyl were added to media and analyzed. Results show
that both oil and suspended sediment could partition mercury
and HCB.
C-0322-77
OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA - THE WORLD WIDE SCENE
Smith, J. W. 1976.
Prevention and Control of Marine Oil Pollution, Brisbane,
Australia, 1976. North Sydney, Australia, Petroleum Institute
Environmental Conservation Executive, 1976. 26p. Regional
Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia. Technical Papers.
Oil spills, Tankers, Environmental effects, Pollution control,
Cleanup, International conventions, Contingency planning
The magnitude, sources, and environmental effects of marine oil
pollution are briefly reviewed and tabulated; accidental and
operational pollution problems associated with tankers are
emphasized. The major provisions of international conventions
and voluntary tanker industry agreements pertinent to pollution
control and cleanup funding are discussed. Cleanup methods are
compared and the need for contingency planning is stressed.
124
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C-0323-77
IMPACTS OF THE DEPOSITION OF DREDGED SPOILS ON LAKE ERIE SEDIMENT
QUALITY AND ASSOCIATED BIOTA
Sweeney, R., R. Foley, C. Merckel , and R. Wyeth. 1975.
Journal of Great Lakes Research 1(1)-.162-170.
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Great Lakes, Sediments, Distribution,
*Dredged spoils
Sediment samples were collected from 50 equally spaced stations
in a 128 knr area of Lake Erie, which contained a former dump
site for dredgings from Cleveland Harbor and the Cuyahoga River.
Analysis of the samples for nutrients, heavy metals, and pollutants
including oil and grease indicated a greater degree of pollution in
sediments at the dump site than in surrounding sediments.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#146002d. 1976]
C-0324-77
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA RESEARCH OF THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY. PROCEEDINGS OF AN ERA-SPONSORED SYMPOSIUM
ON MARINE, ESTUARINE AND FRESH WATER QUALITY -- PRESENTED AT THE
26TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AIBS, ON AUGUST 1975
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1976.
EPA/600/3-76/079. 194p.
Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Biodegradation, Water quality, Estuaries,
Freshwater, Seawater, *EPA
Research programs conducted by research laboratories of the EPA
Office of Health and Ecological Effects were presented. Topics
included microbial and abiotic degradation processes, the effects
of toxic organics, and the feasibility of new stress-measuring
methodologies in the marine environment.
[from Government Reports Announcments 76(23):#PB-257 091/9GA.
1976]
C-0325-77
A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF THE ARROW SPILL
Vandermeulen, J. 1976.
Spill Technology Newsletter 1(3):14-15.
Environmental effects, Fuel oil, Oil spills, Shorelines, Marine
organisms, Biodegradation, Canada, Chedabucto Bay
The long-term environmental effects of the 1970 ARROW oil spill
into Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, is the aim of a Bedford Institute
of Technology research project which began in the summer of 1976.
The amount and composition of residual Bunker C oil still remaining
on the shores will be estimated and the biological effects of the
oil on intertidal and marine organisms will be analyzed from both
an ecological and physiological point of view. Biodegradation of
the oil and physical modifications of the shoreline environment as
a result of the spill and cleanup efforts will also be analyzed.
125
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D. EFFECTS OF OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-0326-77
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF OIL DRILLING AND DUMPING ACTIVITIES ON
MARINE BIOTA
George, R. Y. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drill ing Operations
1975. p.333-355. Proceedings.
Offshore drilling, Biological effects, Marine organisms, Oil
spills, *Drilling mud components
Gaps in the present knowledge of the impact of drilling mud
components on marine biota and the chronic effects of oil
spills on both marine plants and animals are explored. Four
aspects of offshore drilling activity are examined for their
effects on marine ecosystems: (1) the 'burial effect1 on the
sea floor organisms caused by discharge of drilling mud compo-
nents; (2) possible accumulation or magnification in the food
chain of discharged drilling mud components; (3) influence of
turbidity-p",umes of drilling mud on filter feeding organisms;
and (4) the acute and chronic effects of crude oil spillage on
marine organisms.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(17):#W76-08907
1976]
C-0327-77
COASTAL MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF OCS OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENTS -
TECHNICAL INFORMATION PAPER
Laroe, E. T, , P. R. Stang, K. H. Conroy, D. W, '..,,-,':, andT. Q.
Neill. 1975.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration report3 NOAA-
76011504; PB-249751/9. 90p.
OCS, Offshore development, Socio-economic effects, Environmental
effects, Environmental management, Bibliographies
The report presents an overview of Outer Continental Shelf (OCS)
petroleum-related activities. Discussed are Federal OCS responsi-
bilities and roles, offshore and onshore activities associated
with OCS operations, socio-economic and environmental "impacts
derived from these activities, and suggestions for planning and
management of OCS developments. An annotated bibliography
describes OCS-related portions of the literature cited, and a
directory is included of agencies and organizations involved with
OCS oil and gas activities.
[from Scientific and Technial Aerospace Report^ 1 ' .1, r,-N76-
25648. 1976]
126
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C-0328-77
OFFSHORE EFFECTS OF OIL AND GAS OPERATIONS
Mertens, E. W. 1976.
American Association for the Advancement of Science: Annual
Meeting, 1976. 7p. Summary.
Offshore production, Biological effects, Marine organisms,
Gulf of Mexico, Venezuela, Natural seepage, Santa Barbara
Channel, Tar, Bermuda coast
Studies were conducted to determine the effects on marine life
of the following: oil production at Timbalier Bay, Gulf of
Mexico, and at Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela; natural oil seeps at
Coal Oil Point, Santa Barbara, California, chronic exposure to
tar balls along the Bermuda coastline; and conditions under
offshore oil platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel. Chronic
exposure to low levels of crude oil produces a negligible
effect on marine life.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04390. 1976]
C-0329-77
AN ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN SCIENTIFIC PAPERS DEALING WITH LONG
TERM LOW LEVEL EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
Onuf, C. P. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.655-670.
Biological effects, Offshore production, Fisheries, Crude oil,
Toxicity, Louisiana
Although large scale oil operations have been developed in the Gulf
Coast region of Louisiana, major fisheries along this offshore
area have not experienced reduced yields in productivity. Some
populations, therefore, can accommodate long term, low level
intrusion of oil. For other areas such as estuaries this may
not be the case.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11022. 1976]
C-0330-77
THE TOXICITY OF SOME FORMATION FLUIDS AND METHODS OF REHABILITATION
SUBSEQUENT TO THEIR SPILLAGE
Shaw, D. R. 1976.
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology 15(3):37-41.
Toxicity, *Formation fluids, Drilling, Plants, *Land animals
The toxic effects of formation fluids to plant and animal life
are assessed. Formation fluids are a complex mixture of hydrocarbons
127
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and salt water containing various amounts of sulfur compounds.
The toxicity of the individual components and of the mixtures
are considered, and recommendations for minimizing the environ-
mental and biological effects of these substances are presented.
C-0331-77
EFFECTS OF OIL FIELD BRINE, DRILLING MUD, CUTTINGS AND OIL
PLATFORMS ON THE OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENT
Shinn, E. A. 1975.
Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas
Development in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the Mid-Atlantic
Coast, 1974. L. E. Cronin (chairperson). Wachapreague,
Virginia, Estuarine Research Federation, 1975. p. 243-255.
Proceedings of Estuarine Research Federation Outer Continental
Shelf Conference and Workshop.
Biological effects, Offshore drilling, Marine organisms
"A review with 10 references of the effect of petroleum drilling
on marine organisms."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(16) :#112319x. 1976]
128
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2. SOCIAL EFFECTS
C-0332-77
SOCIAL COST OF OIL POLLUTION
Mudjiardjo, H. S. 1976.
Master's thesis, Naval Postgraduate School. 66p.
Oil spills, Social effects, Environmental management
The thesis uses a simulation to consider the spread and damage
caused by oil spills using data from San Francisco Bay. A
projection of social costs from these spills is made. A
methodology for deriving the social cost of oil spills is
prerequisite in reaching rational decisions in managing oil
pollution. Such decisions may include establishment of a fine
structure, determination of the required level of cleanup, and
identification of socially significant spills.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20) :#AD-A027 257/5GA.
1976]
129
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3. CHEMICAL EFFECTS
C-0333-77
LONG-TERM CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM IN SOUTH LOUISIANA
WETLANDS - I. ORGANIC CARBON IN SEDIMENTS AND WATERS
Whelan, T., Ill, J. T. Ishmael, and W. S. Bishop. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(8):150-155.
Chemical effects, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Oil fields, Micro-
organisms, Louisiana, *Petroleum dissolution
Hydrocarbon levels and dissolved organic carbon content of
sediments associated with two active oil fields in south
Louisiana were measured, and the chemical effects of chronic
petroleum input into a shallow water marsh were examined.
Microbial processes were found to be responsible for dissolution
of petroleum into dissolved carbon which may be a more signifi-
cant measure of chronic petroleum input than hydrocarbon
distribution.
130
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4. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-0334-77
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED AND INTERIM FINAL EFFLUENT
GUIDELINES OF THE OFFSHORE Oil AND GAS PRODUCING INDUSTRY
Arthur D. Little, Inc. 1975.
Report EPA -- 230/1-75-063. 247p.
Economic effects, Guidelines, Wastewater treatment, Offshore
production, Alaska, Gulf of Mexico, California
An analysis is presented of the possible economic effects
resulting from the application of effluent limitation guide-
lines to offshore production as required by the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act. Capital investment will be required
to bring Alaskan and Gulf of Mexico producing wells into
compliance, but California wells will require little or no
additional investments.
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 2(7):#1159. 1976]
C-0335-77
OIL AND THE ENVIRONMENT - A CALIFORNIA CASE STUDY
Barnett, D. W. 1976.
Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal 16(1):137.
Economics, Models, Refineries, Oil spills, Biodegradation,
California, *Crude oil costs
A computer programming model used to minimize crude oil costs
in California refineries is discussed with particular attention
given to oil spills, microbial degradation, and environmental
standards.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(10) :#76-06604. 1976]
C-0336-77
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OIL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ON THE ALASKAN
ECONOMY 1975-1985
Drake, R., and J. Younger. 1976.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Report FEA/B-76/087. PB-25 1660.
98p.
Alaska, Oil industry, Production, Economic effects
Quantitative estimates are presented of the economic impacts on
Alaska of Alaskan petroleum development over the next decade.
The study predicts large but erratic changes in Alaska's industrial
output and work force over this period of time.
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 2(8):#1384. 1976]
131
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C-0337-77
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ERA'S REGULATIONS ON THE PETROLEUM REFINING
INDUSTRY. VOLUME 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.
Hart, D., S. Sobotka, and W. Johnson. 1976.
Final report, EPA/230/3-76/004-1; Contract EPA-68-01-2830.
39p.
Refineries, Crude oil, Regulations, Economic effects, Waste-
water treatment, Oil industry, *EPA
The regulations taken into account are air emissions, water
effluent standards, and product quality. It is assumed that
(1) price controls will lapse according to the current legislated
schedule, and (2) continued tariff protection to insure the
growth of petroleum product consumption in the U.S. will be
provided to U.S. refineries.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(18) :#PB-253 759/5GA.
1976]
C-0338-77
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF EPA'S REGULATIONS ON THE PETROLEUM REFINING
INDUSTRY. VOLUME 2. PART ONE AND TWO. INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS. VOLUME 3. PART THREE. ECONOMIC IMPACT
ANALYSIS
Hart, D., S. Sobotka, and W. Johnson. 1976.
Final report, EPA/230/3-76/004-2; EPA/230/3-76/0004-3. Contract
EPA-68-01-2830. 210p; 210p.
Refineries, Crude oil, Regulations, Economic effects, Wastewater
treatment, Oil industry, *EPA
The EPA regulations taken into account in these two volumes are
air emissions, water effluent standards, and product quality
(lead in gasoline and residual fuel oil desulfurization).
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(18):PB-253 760/3GA;
PB-253 761/1GA. 1976]
C-0339-77
SECTION 4: IMPACT OF SPILLS AND CLEANUP TECHNOLOGY ON LIVING
NATURAL RESOURCES AND RESOURCE-BASED INDUSTRY
Scarratt, D. J. 1974.
Summary of Physical, Biological, Socio-economic and Other
Factors Relevant to Potential Oil Spills in the Passamaquoddy
Region of the Bay of Fundy. Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Technical Report 428. p.141-158.
Economic effects, Oil spills, Fisheries, Canada, Cleanup, Ports,
*Bay of Fundy
Fisheries of the Bay of Fundy region would be particularly
sensitive to the effects of oil spills or oil pollution from
132
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an oil port site in the Passamaquoddy Bay region. The unstable
economics of existing fisheries, and the prohibitive cost and
difficulty of providing adequate protection against oil spills
would adversely affect this resource-based industry.
[from Baseline Study Program North Puget Sound. Biological
Oil Impact Literature Review. Volume II. Bibliography.
No. PB-254 292.]
C-0340-77
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF EFFLUENT GUIDELINES: PETROLEUM REFINING
INDUSTRY
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1974.
Final report, EPA--230/2-74/020; PB--239336. 86p.
Economic effects, Guidelines, Refineries, Wastewater treatment,
Regulations, *FNPCA
This report provides a basis for evaluating the broad economic
effects of the application of effluent limitations guidelines
and standards of performance that were established by EPA
pursuant to provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (FWPCA).
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 2(7):#1127. 1976]
133
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5. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-0341-77
CURRENT OIL SANDS PRODUCTION METHODS GULP AND POLLUTE TOO MUCH
WATER
Anon. 1974.
Canadian Petroleum 15(9):37-38.
Production, Tar sands, Contamination, Water quality, Canada,
^Athabasca oil sands
"Large scale development of the Athabasca oil sands calls for
larger volumes of water and larger storage (settling) areas
for the used water than are presently available. To meet this
difficulty, the extraction of the bitumen by direct coking of
oil sands in a fluidized bed reactor is proposed. Earlier work
in this direction is summarized."
[from Fuel Abstracts: 17(6):#3954. 1976J
C-0342-77
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION TITLE 11. VESSELS ENGAGED IN OFFSHORE
OIL AND GAS DRILLING OPERATIONS. FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
STATEMENT
Anon. 1976.
Maritime Administration report, MA-EIS-7302-76015F; P:;-248857/5.
370p.
Offshore drilling, Environmental effects, Economics, EIS,
*Drilling vessels
"Floating offshore oil and gas drilling units, and their support
vessels are described. A general description is given of the
marine environment, the possible impact on the environment thai:
program vessels could have and the alternatives to Title 11
financing of such vessels."
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(15) :^-176-25603.
1975]
C--0343-77
OFFSHORE EUROPE '75 CONFERENCE, PREPRINTS
Anon. 1975.
Offshore Europe '75 Conference, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1975.
Aberdeen, Scotland, Spearhead Publishers Ltd., 1975. Preprints.
Offshore development, Offshore drilling, Europe, Oil transport,
Regulations, Oil spills
This conference focused on offshore oil operations in northwestern
Europe with particular emphasis on oil drilling and transport,
government regulations, and the effects of oil spills o;i the
marine environment.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(9):30G1761. 1976]
134
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C-0344-77
UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA PARTICIPATES IN STUDIES (news brief)
Anon. 1976.
Offshore 36(12):196,198.
Offshore development, OCS, Environmental effects, U.S. Government,
Alaska
The University of Alaska has been conducting research on the
Outer Continental Shelf areas of Alaska as part of the federal
government's OCS environmental assessment program. Six univer-
sity units are involved in the projects to gather environmental
baseline data in nine areas off Alaska which the federal govern-
ment proposes to open to oil development.
C-0345-77
SHETLAND ENVIRONMENTAL SEMINAR (editoral)
Bourne, W. R. P. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(9):161-163.
Oil industry, Oil spills, Environmental effects, Production,
Scotland, ^Shetland Islands, *Sullom Voe
The recent history of the Sullom Voe Environmental Advisory
Group (SVEAG) and oil pollution in the Shetland Islands is
reviewed, and conflicts between the inhabitants of the islands
and British Petroleum are discussed. Oil spill controls and
environmental impacts of developing oil production are described.
C-0346-77
ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN SHALE OIL PRODUCTION
Davidson, J. W. 1976.
Alternate Fuels Symposium, 1976. Abstract.
Oil shale development, Environmental effects, Groundwater,
*Streams
Potential pollution to surface streams and groundwater from
above-ground shale retorts is discussed.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04321. 1976]
135
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C-0347-77
THE SEPARATION OF OIL FROM WATER FOR NORTH SEA OIL OPERATIONS
Department of the Environment, Central Unit on Environmental
Pollution. 1976.
London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976. 34p. (Pollution
Paper No. 6)
Offshore production, North Sea, Biological effects, Behavior,
Monitoring, Pollution control
The sources and quantities of oil pollution expected from North
Sea oil production *re assessed, and behavior and biological
effects of oil pollution are discussed. Available technology
for measuring and monitoring oil contamination and for oil-water
separation and wastewater treatment are reviewed. Recommendations
for reducing and controlling oil discharges from onshore and
offshore facilities are given.
[from Water Research Centre Information 3(40) :#76-2785G. 1976]
C-0348-77
PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND POLLUTION POTENTIAL IN THE CARIBBEAN
SEA AND THE GULF OF MEXICO
Emery, K. 0., and E. Uchupi. 1974.
Pacem in Maribus, Caribbean Study Project. Malta University
Press, 1974. p.22-42. Working papers and selection from
dialogue at preparatory conference, Jamaica, 1972.
OCS, Caribbean Sea, Offshore production, Pipelines
Core sediments and shallow water depths in the Caribbean Sea
indicate that the continental shelves of North and South
America are the best areas for production of oil and gas.
Pollution of the shores appears to be minimal because of the
wide use of pipelines and departure of tankers in full condition.
The geologic history of the area with charts showing current
(1971) leases and areas of production is reviewed.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(4):#6Q3817.
1976]
136
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C-0349-77
ATHABASCA OIL SANDS: FIRST REGIONAL CONFERENCE, WESTERN REGION
ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF CANADA
Engineering Institute of Canada. 1974.
Montreal, Engineering Institute of Canada, 1974. 434p.
Tar sands, Extraction, Production, Environmental effects,
Wastewater disposal
The proceedings comprises 26 papers on various aspects of the
development of a tar sands industry, including geology of the
deposits, mining and processing technology, waste disposal,
water requirements, and environmental impact of development
and extraction processes.
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 2(9):# 1573. 1976]
C-0350-77
EXXON AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Exxon Corporation. 1975.
New York, Public Affairs Dept., Exxon Corporation, 1975. 128p.
Conservation, Oil industry, *Exxon, Offshore production, Oil
spills, Tankers, Environmental protection
Exxon's environmental conservation efforts are presented in this
anthology of articles. Topics covered include refineries;
terminals; offshore production problems; tankers; oil spills
and spill prevention; oil ports; exploration and development
in the Arctic; and numerous articles on oil, the oil industry,
and its interaction with the environment.
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 2(9):#1474. 1976]
C-0351-77
THE ARCTIC COASTAL ENVIRONMENT OF ALASKA. VOLUME 1. THE
NEARSHORE MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN PRUDHOE BAY, ALASKA
Feder, H. M., D. G. Shaw, and A. S. Naidu. 1976.
No. IMS-R76-1, Sea Grant-76-3; NOAA-76060210. 167p.
Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms, Sediments, Coasts, Prudhoe Bay,
Alaska
The results of biological, geological, and hydrocarbon chemistry
investigations conducted near the site of a causeway construction
project on the west side of Prudhoe Bay are reported. Hydrocarbon
levels in the biota and in the sediments were determined.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(23) :#PB-257 353/3GA.
1976]
137
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C-0352-77
ONSHORE IMPACT OF OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT NEEDS TO BE HANDLED WITH
CARE AND PLANNING
Franssen, H. T. 1976.
Offshore 36(5):352-376.
Oil spills, Coasts, Offshore development, OCS, Environmental
protection, Socio-economic effects
Oil development, spills from blowouts, environmental safety,
spill technology, and near-shore effects of outer continental
shelf developments on the coastal zone of the U.S. are discussed.
A historical perspective is presented and socio-economic effects
are considered.
C-0353-77
AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM FOR A COMMERCIAL SHALE OIL COMPLEX
Kilburn, P. D., and M. W. Legatski. 1974.
American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum
Engineers Proceedings, 1974. p.19-31. (Annual Minerals
Symposium, No. 17-)
Oil shale development, Environmental management, Extraction,
Environmental protection
Summary not available.
[from Bibliography and Index of Geology 40(7):935. 1976]
C-0354-77
THE RESPONSIBILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS OF THE U.S.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE BALTIMORE CANYON TROUGH AREA
Knebel, H. J., and N. S. Hardin. 1975.
Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas
Development in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the Mid-Atlantic
Coast, 1974. L. E. Cronin (chairperson). Wachapreague, Virginia,
Estuarine Research Federation, 1975. p.7-17. Proceedings of
Estuarine Research Federation Outer Continental Shelf Conference
and Workshop.
Offshore development, Environmental protection, Atlantic coast,
Government agencies, *U.S. Geological Survey
Summary not available.
[from Bibliography and Index of Geology 40(7):935. 1976]
138
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C-0355-77
OIL IN SEA ICE
Lewis, E. L. 1976.
Pacific Marine Science Report 76(12). 26p.
Drilling, Oil spills, Movement, Beaufort Sea, Canada, *0il-on-ice
Environmental information was acquired on the Beaufort Sea to
assess the effects of oil drilling north of the Mackenzie Delta,
N.W.T. A discussion on the formation and structure of sea ice
and the movement of spilled oil on an ice-water interface is
presented.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11098. 1976]
C-0356-77
DECISIONS FOR DELAWARE: SEA GRANT LOOKS AT LEGAL ASPECTS OF
OCS DEVELOPMENT
Mangone, G. J., and J. Homer. 1975.
University of Delaware Sea Grant Program report, DEL-SG-l-75(2).
24p.
Legislation, U.S., Offshore development, OCS, Delaware, Liability,
Oil spills, Environmental protection
Federal legislation, legal restrictions, and jurisdiction over
outer continental shelf development on the Atlantic seaboard off
Delaware are examined. Ecological management schemes, environ-
mental protection enforcement, and oil spill liability assessment
are among the topics considered.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(5):#76-04999. 1976]
C-0357-77
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY'S ROLE, INTERESTS AND RESPONSI-
BILITIES WITH RESPECT TO THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF DEVELOPMENT
McErlean, A. 1975.
Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas
Development in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the Mid-Atlantic
Coast, 1974. L. E. Cronin (chairperson). Wachapreague, Virginia,
Estuarine Research Federation, 1975. p.3-5. Proceedings of
Estuarine Research Federation Outer Continental Shelf Conference
and Workshop.
Offshore development, Environmental protection, Atlantic coast,
Government agencies, *EPA
Summary not available.
[from Bibliography and Index of Geology 40(7) :937. 1976]
139
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C-0358-77
OFFSHORE ACTIVITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
McGill, S. R., and I. A. Spottiswood. 1976.
Prevention and Control of Marine Oil Pollution, Brisbane,
Australia, 1976. North Sydney, Australia, Petroleum Institute
Environmental Conservation Executive, 1976. 14p. Regional
Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia. Technical Papers.
Offshore development, Environmental protection, Safety, Offshore
production, Australia
ESSO Australia Ltd's programs for environmental protection in
offshore oil-related activities are reviewed using examples
from existing company facilities in the Bass Straits off
southern Australia. Careful planning for safety and environ-
mental compatibility is stressed for all aspects of exploration,
formation, evaluation, design, installation, and operation of
production and oil transfer facilities.
C-0359-77
THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES PROGRAM OF THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
Monastero, F. C. 1975.
Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas
Development in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the Mid-Atlantic
Coast, 1974. L. E. Cronin (chairperson). Hachapreague, Virginia,
Estuarine Research Federation, 1975. p.1-2. Proceedings of
Estuarine Research Federation Outer Continental Shelf Conference
and Workshop.
Offshore development, Environmental protection, Atlantic coast,
Government agencies, *BLM
Summary not available.
[from Bibliography and Index of Geology 40(7):937-938. 1976]
C-0360-77
CANADA OIL SANDS AND OIL COMPANIES
Paehlke, R. 1976.
Environment 18(9):2-4.
Tar sands, Development, Canada, Socio-economic effects,
Environmental effects
The heavy oils and oil sands of Northern Alberta are the subject
of this overview. The environmental, social, and economic
problems associated with oil sands development are discussed.
140
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C-0361-77
FLORIDA COASTAL POLICY STUDY: THE IMPACT OF OFFSHORE OIL
DEVELOPMENT
Pearman, A. L., and J. W. Stafford. 1976.
Final report, Florida State University, Tallahassee; Department
of Urban and Regional Planning. 284p.
Environmental effects, Socio-economic effects, Offshore
development, Coasts, Florida, Guidelines, *0nshore effects
The environmental, economic, social, and legal impacts of
possible offshore oil and gas development on coastal Florida
are analyzed. The onshore impacts of similar developments in
other coastal areas are considered. Policy alternatives are
developed as guidelines for minimizing adverse effects of such
activities.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 14(17):#N76-
26672. 1976]
C-0362-77
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL FOR OIL SHALE PROCESSING
Powers, T. J. 1976.
EPA National Conference on Health, Environmental Effects, and
Control Technology of Energy Use, Washington, D.C., 1976. 5p.
Oil shale development, Environmental protection, Wastewaters,
Pollution control, Government agencies, *EPA
EPA sponsored environmental research and development in oil
shale processing emphasizes the characterization of air, water,
and solid waste discharges, and the evaluation and development
of present and future environmental control methods.
[from Environmental Abstracts 6(7/8):#76-04831. 1976]
C-0363-77
IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF MID-ATLANTIC ONSHORE OCS IMPACTS
Resource Planning Associates, Inc. 1976.
RA-75-46C, FEA/6-76/279; Contract FEA-CA-05-50078-00. 284p.
Offshore development, OCS, Atlantic coast, *0nshore impacts,
Environmental effects, Socio-economic effects
Recent literature on the onshore socio-economic and environmental
impacts related to OCS oil and gas recovery is evaluated.
Required management decisions and policy choices for the next
decade are addressed and additional study needs are recommended.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20) :#PB-254 925/1GA.
1976]
141
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C-0364-77
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF (OCS) OIL AND GAS. AN ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT. VOL. 4. POTENTIAL ONSHORE EFFECTS OF OIL AND
GAS PRODUCTION ON THE ATLANTIC AND GULF OF ALASKA OUTER
CONTINENTAL SHELF
Resource Planning Associates, Inc. 1974.
Final report, Contract EQ4AC002. Pi3--239266. 626p.
Environmental effects, *0nshore effects, Offshore production,
OCS, Gulf of Alaska, Atlantic coast
'Potential onshore effects of oil and gas production on the
Atlantic and Gulf of Alaska Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) are
discussed. Socio-economic and environmental conditions of
onshore development, given no OCS development, and impacts
that could occur if OCS resources are developed are covered."
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 2(7):#1163. 1976]
C-0365-77
OIL SHALE; AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Scrudato, R. J. 1975.
Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 7(2):233.
Oil shale development, Production, Extraction, Environmental
effects
Extraction of oil from oil shales by conventional surface and/or
subsurface mining followed by in situ surface retorting creates
immediate and long-term environmental problems. Various conven-
tional and nonconventional oil shale production processes and
environmental considerations are discussed in light of currently
available information.
C-0366-77
RESPONSIBILITY OF OFFSHORE DRILLING REGULATIONS
Solanas, D. W. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-drilling Operations,
1975. p.571-575. Proceedings.
OCS, Offshore drilling, Offshore production, Regulations,
Government agencies, *U.S.G.S
The paper reviews areas of responsibility of the U.S. Geological
Survey in regulating outer continental shelf oil and gas drilling
and production operations. The responsibility for safe operation
is primarily the responsibility of the lessee of the site.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(17):#W76-08918. 1976]
142
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C-0367-77
THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE OFFSHORE OIL INDUSTRY IN SCOTTISH
WATERS - A REVIEW, PART 1. THE DEVELOPING MARITIME GEO-
GRAPHIC PATTERNS
Smith, H. D. 1976.
Maritime Studies and Management 3(4):205-215.
Environmental effects, OCS, Offshore development, Offshore
production, Oil industry, Coasts, Fisheries, Scotland
Maritime geographic patterns in Scottish waters, which are
evolving concurrently with development of the offshore oil
industry, are examined with emphasis on the coastal and marine
environment. Each phase of offshore oil and gas development -
exploration, manufacture and installation of production
facilities, ana production - impacts the environment in
different ways. In Scotland, the exploration phase and
installation of production platforms and pipelines has already
impacted the fishing industry. See also Part 2; C-0368-77.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-11945. 1976]
C-0368-77
THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE OFFSHORE OIL INDUSTRY IN SCOTTISH
WATERS - A REVIEW. PART 2. THE REGIONAL PATTERN OF DECISION
MAKING
Smith, H. D. 1976.
Maritime Studies and Management 3(4):217-220.
Environmental effects, Social effects, Offshore development,
Scotland, Conservation, Oil industry
The relationship between regional decision-making and environmental
factors are explored, with emphasis on conflicts of interest
between environmental conservation and regional industrial develop-
ment. Specific environmental issues of three regions which
receive the greatest social and environmental impacts from oil
development - northeast Scotland, Cromarty Firth, and Shetland -
are enumerated and discussed. See also Part 1; C-0367-77.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-11946. 1976]
C-0369-77
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT: OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT IN THE
SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF OFF CALIFORNIA
U.S. Geological Survey. March, 1976.
USGS special report, FES-13, Vol. 1-3. 2055p.
EIS, Offshore development, OCS, Environmental effects, Oil-gas
leasing, Santa Barbara Channel, *USGS
The offshore and onshore environmental impacts of various
possible levels of OCS oil and gas development in the Santa
143
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Barbara Channel federal lease areas are assessed. Four
alternative options of such development are : (1)continued
production at present rates; (2) increased production from
currently developed leases; (3) exploration and development
of all existing leases; and (4) leasing, exploration, and
development of presently unleased areas. Potential activities
that these alternatives entail are discussed; unavoidable
adverse onshore and offshore environmental effects of these
development options are evaluated, and measures for mitigating
adverse environmental impacts are considered.
C-0370-77
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENERGY TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY AND IMPACT OF
ENERGY TRANSPORTATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Watterson, S. E., Jr. 1974.
The Economic and Environmental Challenges of Future Energy
Requirements; General Reports. London, World Energy Conference,
1974. "variously paginated".
Environmental effects, Oil transfer, Oil transport, Pipelines,
Tankers
Summary not available.
[from Bibliography and Index of Geology 40(8):1153. 1976]
C-0371-77
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR RESUMPTION OF DRILLING
IN THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL FROM EXISTING STANDARD OIL COMPANY
OF CALIFORNIA PLATFORMS
Woodward-Clyde Consultants. 1976.
Report E-0021. 548p.
EIS, Environmental effects, Socio-economic effects, Oil spills,
Pipelines, Tankers, Offshore production, Santa Barbara Channel
Existing environmental conditions in the Summerland and
Carpinteria, California, offshore fields are summarized.
Potentially significant environmental and socio-economic
impacts and measures to mitigate adverse impacts are analyzed.
The potential occurrence, movement, fate, and effects of oil
spills from offshore platforms, onshore facilities, marine
terminals, pipelines, and tankers within the proposed site are
examined.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(7/8):#76-05076. 1976]
144
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C-0372-77
OIL SHALE
Yen, T. F., and G. V. Chillingarian (eds.). 1976.
Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1976. 292p. (Developments in Petroleum
Science, Vol. 5)
Oil shale, Distribution, Oil shale development, Environmental
effects, Colorado
This book provides background information on the origin,
distribution, mineralogy, chemistry, exploration, engineering,
and environmental aspects of oil shale. It includes an environ-
mental analysis of an oil shale industry in the upper Colorado
region.
[from New Technical Books 61(8):#1166. 1976]
C-0373-77
EFFECTS OF DRILLING OPERATIONS ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Zingula, R. P. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-drilling Operations,
1975. p.433-488. Proceedings.
Environmental effects, Biological effects, Offshore drilling,
Marine organisms
Exxon scientists studied the effects of offshore drilling
operations on the marine environment. Suspended drilling
solids were found to decrease very rapidly in a short distance
from the drilling rig, mobile organisms were active on and
around borehole cutting accumulations, and the cuttings were
found to turn into "normal" sea bottom in several months.
Chemicals normally used in drilling were found to interact
with and become diluted in sea water. No adverse effects
are reported.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(17):#W76-08909. 1976]
145
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E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIODEGRADATION
C-0374-77
FUNGAL DEGRADATION OF OIL IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Ahearn, D. G., and S. P. Meyers. 1976.
Recent Advances in Aquatic Mycology. E. B. G. Jones (ed.).
New York, John Wiley and Sons, Halstead Press, 1976. p.125-133.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Fungi, Yeasts, Metabolism
The assimilation and degradation of oil fractions by fungi, and
the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on fungal ecology in
aquatic regions are discussed. Hydrocarbonoclastic yeasts
appear to be widespread in neritic environments and occur in
high densities in surface slicks. Chronic oil pollution
selectively stimulates certain indigenous strains of yeasts;
however, common marine yeasts, such as Rhodotorula, Debaryomyces,
and members of the Candida lipolytica complex, and common marine
molds, such as CJadosporium and Cephalosporium, have relatively
low oil assimilating capacities.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(5):#76-04618. 1976]
C-0375-77
BIODEGRADATION OF OIL ON WATER SURFACES
Bartha, R., and R. M. Atlas. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,959,127
Biodegradation, Oil spills, Microorganisms, Cleanup, *Nutrient
addition
A process is described which stimulates and accelerates the
microbial degradation of spilled oil by providing essential
microbial nutrients such as phosphates and nitrates. The
necessary nutrients are in the form of a paraffinized urea
slow-release fertilizer which dissolves in or is adsorbed by
the oil.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-11844.
1976]
146
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C-0376-77
MAGNIFICENT MICROBES
Dixon, B. 1976.
New York, Atheneum, 1976. 251p.
Biodegradation, Oil spills, C'eanup, Ballast, Bilges, Oil tanks,
Wastewater treatment, Reclamation, Petroleum products
The ubiquity and vital importance of microbes are discussed,
with emphasis on the harnessing of microbes for a broad range
of beneficial industrial and other applications. Included is
a brief review of the use of bacteria in biodegrading oil spills,
cleaning oil tanks, biodegrading oily ballast and bilge waters,
and converting waste petroleum products into usable petroleum
products, petrochemicals and proteins.
C-0377-77
MICROBIAL INTERACTION WITH OIL IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Floodgate, G. D., D. F. Gibb, and K. P. Pugh. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.507-515.
Biodegradation, Crude oil , Microorganisms, Bacteria, Cleanup,
Monitoring, Oil spills
Microbial degradation of crude oil and its derivatives in the
marine environment was studied with two separate aims: to use
microorganisms as a means of removing spilled oil by seeding
the surface water with hydrocarbonoclastic strains of bacteria;
and to examine natural populations of microorganisms on oil
spilled under various hydrographic and climatic conditions.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20) -JW76-11015.
1976]
C-0378-77
THE RATE OF MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OIL IN A BEACH GRAVEL
COLUMN
Gibbs, C. F., and S. J. Davis. 1976.
Microbial Ecology 3(l):55-64.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Oxidation, Microorganisms, Beaches,
Monitoring
A continuous flow respirometer was used to monitor the bio-
oxidation of a crude oil in a column of coarse beach material.
A number of water percolation rates were employed with and
without nutrient supplementation. The oxidation rate increased
with nutrient supplementation in the proportion of 0.23 mg
oxidation per ymol nitrate.
147
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C-0379-77
SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE BIODEGRADATION ON MINERAL OILS IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Gunkel, W. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.516-540.
Biodegradation, Decomposition, Crude oil, Microorganisms,
*Mineral oil
Limiting factors of oil decomposition are discussed-, the main
problems encountered in studies regarding the biodegradation
of mineral oils in the marine environment are outlined.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20) :#W76-11016. 1976]
C-0380-77
PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS OF BACTERIA WHICH METABOLIZE HYDROCARBONS
AT SEA [in French]
LePetit, J., and M. H. N'Guyen. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(9):1364-1373.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Bacteria, *Phosphorus
requirements
The artificial stimulation of biodegradation of pollutant
hydrocarbons requires a phosphorus supply between 2 and 8 X 10~4 f
for waters with average salinity, and between 1.5 and 3 X 10~3 M
for waters with below average salinity. Inhibition of the bio-
degrading process occurs with higher phosphorus concentrations
than those stated above.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 16(47):#227,226. 1976]
C-0381-77
BIODEGRADATION OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON POLLUTANTS
BY SOIL AND WATER MICROORGANISMS
McKenna, E. J., and R. D. Heath. 1976.
Illinois University, Urbana - Champaign. Water Resources Center,
UILU-WRC-76-0113, W76-08752, OWRT-A-073-ILL(1). 33p.
Biodegradation, Aromatic hydrocarbons, PAH, Microorganisms,
Soil , *Waters
This study examines the structural limits of polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbon (PNA) degradation by measuring initial rates of
hydrocarbon oxidation by soil and water microorganisms. Extensive
amounts of potentially carcinogenic PNA's can be effectively
removed by very dilute microbial suspensions found in natural
waters.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(17):#AD-253 964/1GA.
1976]
148
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C-0382-77
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OIL AND PETROCHEMICALS IN THE SEA
McKenzie, P., and D. E. Hughes. 1976.
Microbiology in Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. F. A. Skinner,
and J. G. Carr (eds.). London, Academic Press, 1976. p.91-108.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Petrochemicals, Bacteria
The biodegradation of crude oil and hydrocarbons under natural
and simulated marine conditions, and the roles of environmental
factors in the control of biodegradation are described. Gram
negative bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Achromobacter
were found to be very important in the degradation process;
temperature, oxygen, and nutrient concentrations governed the
rate of oil degradation. The influences of wave action,
surfactants, detergents, and sinking agents on biodegradation
are discussed.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(9):#6Q9838.
1976]
C-0383-77
BIODEGRADATION OF CELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES
Meyers, S. P. 1976.
Final report, Contract N00014-69-A-0211-0006. 15p.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Oil spills,
*Cellulosic substrates
This report examines the mechanisms for accelerated biodegradation
of cellulosic substrates, especially analyses and optimization
of pretreatment of the fiber prior to microbial digestion.
Enzymatic activities of specific microorganisms have been studied,
along with effects of specific pollutants (including crude oil
and petroleum hydrocarbons) on in situ processes. Data suggest
that selected physical/biodegradative techniques can be developed
to accelerate cellulose decomposition rates in the aqueous
environment.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(18):#AD-A026 401/OGA.
1976]
149
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C-0384-77
ASSIMILATION OF OIL BY SOIL BACTERIA
Raymond, R. L., J. 0. Hudson, and V. W. Jamison. 1975.
American Petroleum Institute, Refining Department, No. 54.
p.429-455. Proceedings.
Biodegradation, Metabolism, Bacteria, Soil, Waste oil, Fuel oil,
Crankcase oil, Crude oil, Groundwater
Six different types of oil, including two used crankcase oils,
two crude oils, fuel oil, and a residual fuel oil, were applied
to test plots of plowed, disked and fertilized soil. Monthly
samples were taken for one year. Bacterial populations after
one year were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than before applica-
tion of oil. Bacterial decomposition ranged from 57.8% for the
residual fuel oil to 87.3% for heating oil No. 2.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(20):#148549m. 1976]
C-0385-77
USE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY FUNGI [English summary]
Redchits, T. I. 1976.
Mikrobiologiya Zhurnal (Kiev) 38(2):244-251.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Microorganisms,
Fungi, Bibliographies
The biodegradation and metabolism of petroleum hydrocarbons are
reviewed, and 158 references are included.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(3):#18857z. 1976]
C-0386-77
THE CONDITIONS FOR BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
AT SEA
Tagger, S. , L. Deveze, and J. LePetit. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(9):172-174.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Oceans, Bacteria, Refineries
Ocean areas chronically polluted by hydrocarbons show high
rates of petroleum degradation due to abundant bacterial
development. This degradation is also a function of refinery
effluent characteristics such as salinity, temperature, and
nutrients.
150
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C-0387-77
HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION BY OCEAN SEDIMENT BACTERIA
Walker, J. D., J. J. Calomiris, and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, 74th,
Chicago, Illinois, 1974. p.64. No. G269. Abstract.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Atlantic Ocean, Bacteria,
Sediments, Seawater
Water and sediments collected in the Atlantic Ocean at depths
from 9m to 5,000m were measured for hydrocarbons, and micro-
organisms in some sediment samples were examined for their
ability to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in seawater and
saline solution. Sediment inocula from the 5,000m station
demonstrated greater growth and hydrocarbon degradation when
cultured in seawater than in synthetic saline medium. Samples
from two stations yielded significantly less net bacterial
growth in a petroleum-seawater medium than in a seawater medium
without petroleum.
C-0388-77
OIL, MERCURY, AND BACTERIAL INDICATORS
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1976.
Environmental Science & Technology 10(12):1145-1147.
Biodegradation; Contaminants, Metabolism, Bacteria, Harbors,
Chesapeake Bay, *Mercury inhibition
Several bacterial strains were isolated from an oil-contaminated
creek in Baltimore Harbor, Chesapeake Bay, and were examined
for ability to utilize oil with and without mercury added to
the culture medium. Relatively low concentrations of mercury
inhibited the utilization of oil by strains of bacteria studied.
C-0389-77
BIODEGRADATION RATES OF COMPONENTS OF PETROLEUM
Walker, J. D., R. R. Colwell, and L. Petrakis. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(8):1209-1213.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Analytical techniques,
Spectrornetry
Computerized mass spectrometry was used to determine rates of
microbial biodegradation of components of South Louisiana
crude oil. Total oil residues descreased exponentially with
time, whereas resins and asphaltene fractions increased at
the logarithmic phase of growth. Saturated compounds decreased
steadily during growth. Microbial degradation of these compo-
nents was concluded to be a dynamic process.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(17):#119430k. 1976]
151
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2. PHYSICAL CHANGES OF OIL
C-0390-77
SEDIMENTATION PROCESSES INVOLVING HYDROCARBONS IN THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Gebelein, C. D. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.462-474.
Sedimentation, Hydrocarbons, Oil slicks, Evaporation, Adsorption,
*Subtidal environments
Processes leading to increased density and, therefore, deposition
of oil in subtidal environments include: modification of oil
slicks by evaporation and dissolution of lighter materials,
agglutination of dispersed particles, uptake of particulate
matter by the oil, and adsorption of dissolved species into
particulate matter.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20) :#W76-11012. 1976]
C-0391-77
BEHAVIOR OF OIL UNDER CANADIAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. PART 1.
OIL ON WATER UNDER ICE-FORMING CONDITIONS
Scott, B. F., and R. M. Chatteriee. 1975.
Department of the Environment, Ottawa. Scientific Series No.
50. 28p.
Oil spills, Behavior, *Freezing conditions, Evaporation,
Biological effects, Marine organisms
Experiments were conducted at Shirley's Bay Quiet Site near
Ottawa in order to determine the effects of freezing temperatures
on the behavior of an oil spill. In this experiment, nearly
30% by weight of the volatile components were evaporated on the
first day. After 8 days, about 50% of the oil remained. The
report details the interaction between weather and loss of
certain volatiles, and the effects of residual components on
aquatic life.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(16):#W76-08365. 1976]
152
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C-0392-77
THE PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR OF OIL IN SANDY BEACHES, MCNABS ISLAND,
NOVA SCOTIA
vonBorstal , B. E. 1974.
Master's thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Fate, Oil spills, Behavior, Beaches, Sediments, Canada, *Nova
Scotia
Summary not available.
[from Bibliography and Index of Geology 40(10):1620. 1976]
153
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3. CHEMICAL CHANGES OF OIL
C-0393-77
SOME MECHANISMS OF WEATHERING OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON
MARINE WATERS: COMPETITIVE PATHWAYS TO FATE AND DISPOSITION
OF PETROLEUM POLLUTION
Feldman, M. H. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.431-450.
Fate, Hydrocarbons, Oil slicks, Weathering, Sedimentation
The character of petroleum hydrocarbons which are spread on
the sea is changed through weathering mechanisms such as
photolysis, trace material interactions on the surface layers,
and sedimentation processes.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20) :#W76-11010. 1976]
C-0394-77
THE SURFACE ACTIVITY OF PETROLEUM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE
BEHAVIOR OF OIL AT SEA
Garrett, W. P. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.451-461.
Oil slicks, Behavior, Weathering, Spreading, Evaporation, Tar
A greater exposure to air and underlying water is produced by
the polaractive constituents of petroleum which cause the oil
to spread, thereby enhancing the weathering process by increasing
the surface to volume ratio of the oil. Modifications of fluid
petroleum to form non-fluid or semi-fluid residues are primarily
due to spreading and evaporative processes.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20) :#W76-11011. 1976]
154
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4. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
C-0395-77
TRANSPORT MODELING IN THE ENVIRONMENT USING THE DISCRETE-PARCEL-
RANDOM-WALK APPROACH
Ahlstrom, S. W., and H. P. Foote. 1976.
EPA Conference on Environmental Modeling and Simulation, p. 118.
Abstract.
Models, Fate, Drift, Oil spills, *Discrete-parcel-random-walk
model
An explanation of the Discrete-Parcel-Random-Walk model is
given; and examples of the model's application in the areas of
oil spill drift forecasting, coastal power plant effluent
analysis, and solute transport in groundwater systems are
presented.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5) :#76-05002. 1976]
C-0396-77
CONCENTRATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN MCNABS
COVE, HALIFAX HARBOUR, NOVA SCOTIA
Brisco, C. D. 1974.
Maritime Sediments 10(2):67.
Distribution, Contaminants, Beaches, Sediments, Canada, *Nova
Scotia, *Halifax Harbour
A study of the distribution of oil in a nearshore marine
environment subject to chronic oil pollution has shown that
beached oil is continually winnowed from the beaches and becomes
most concentrated in nearshore sands in the form of agglutinated
oil and silt particles and oil-coated organic matter. In silty
and muddy offshore areas, oil is more evenly distributed and
occurs mostly as tar fragments.
C-0397-77
DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROCARBONS IN A SALT MARSH ECOSYSTEM AFTER AN
OIL SPILL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MARSH ANIMALS FROM THE
POLLUTED ENVIRONMENT
Burns, K. A. 1975.
PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution.
Oil spills, Fate, Distribution, Hydrocarbons, *Salt marsh,
Biological effects, *Marsh animals
Summary not available.
155
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C-0398-77
BIOLOGICAL FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN AQUATIC MACRO-
ORGANISMS
Clark, R. C. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.485-506.
Fate, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism,Food web, Marine organisms,
Microorganisms
Persistent low-level petroleum pollution in the marine environ-
ment will be difficult to assess until the metabolic fate of
hydrocarbons in the food web and in aquatic microorganisms is
examined. Observations of hydrocarbon uptake by marine organisms
are discussed and characteristic differences between biogenic
and petroleum hydrocarbons are presented.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):W76-11014. 1976]
C-0399-77
OIL POLLUTION ALONG GUJARAT COAST AND ITS POSSIBLE SOURCE
Dwivedi, S. N., B. N. Desai, A. H. Parulekar, V. Josanto, and
M. D. George. 1974.
Mahasagar 7(1-2):91-94.
Crude oil, Fate, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Beaches,
Coasts, India, *Tar balls
Tar ball deposition on the beaches of Gujarat and pollution by
oil derivatives along the Indian coastline are discussed. The
origin of tar balls has been traced to crude oil through studies
using thin layer chromatography.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(10):#6Q11045.
1976]
C-0400-77
A STUDY OF NATURAL OIL SEEPS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA/COASTAL
ENGINEERING
Fischer, P. J., and B. R. Warren. 1974.
University of Southern California. Technical report, NOAA-
75062401; NTIS-COM-75-10999/AS. 61p.
Natural seepage, Southern California, *Coal Oil Point,
^Geologic history
The geologic history of natural oil seeps at Coal Oil Point and
Newport - Huntington Beaches, California is reviewed.
[from Sea Grant Publications Index 1975 1:#SCU-Q-74-001. 1976]
156
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C-0401-77
MARINE POLLUTION
Goldberg, E. D., and K. K. Bertine. 1975.
Environment. W. W. Murdoch (ed.). Sunderland, Mass., Sinauer
Associates, Inc., 1975. p.273-295.
Movement, Fate, Hydrocarbons, Biodegradation, Marine organisms,
*Chemoreception
The major sources, movement, dispersion and ultimate fate of
pollutants in the marine environment are considered in this
chapter. The fate of specific pollutant groups including
heavy metals, pesticides, organic compounds, and petroleum
hydrocarbons is summarized. It is noted that in the case of
petroleum, the assumption that it is entirely biodegradable
in a fairly short time span may not be valid. The need for
further studies on the interference of petroleum hydrocarbons
with processes of chemoreception in marine organisms is pointed
out.
C-0402-77
A WIND WAVE TUNNEL FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF ARTIFICIAL SLICK
WAVE DAMPING AND DRIFT
Hlihnerfuss, H., P. Lange, J. Teichert, and H. Vollmers. 1976.
Meerestechnik 7(1) :23-26.
Oil slicks, Fate, Drift, *Wind-wave tunnel, *Wave damping
"The SFB94 wind tunnel has been designed for investigating
air-sea interaction processes. Waves ranging from 0.6 to
over 100 Hz in frequency and 0.1 to 8 cm in height can be
produced and measured in the tunnel. A special air filter
system and film removing apparatus allow reproducible experi-
ments involving oil film wave damping and drift.
C-0403-77
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION: A CONTROL ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROCESSES ACTING ON PETROLEUM IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Koons, C. B. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.475-484.
Fate, Crude oil, Oceans, Evaporation, Weathering, Biodegradation
The physical and chemical processes that transform petroleum
are dependent upon the chemical composition of petroleum
released into the marine environment by spills, natural
157
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seepages, and chronic low-level discharges. Evaporation,
solution, and absorption are most important during the period
immediately following the release of oil into the environment;
whereas autooxidation and microbial degradation are long-range
processes that become increasingly important as time passes.
Weathering of petroleum leads to tar ball formation. Analytical
chemical studies of tar balls provide information on the source,
degree of weathering, and relative importance of different
weathering processes.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11013. 1976]
C-0404-77
FATES OF PETROLEUM IN THE SEA: BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Lee, R. F., and A. A. Benson. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.541-551.
Fate, Metabolism, Hydrocarbons, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton,
Fishes, Invertebrates
The uptake, metabolism, discharge, and storage of hydrocarbons
in selected species of phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish and
benthic invertebrates have been studied using seawater suspen-
sions and solutions of radioactive hydrocarbons. This report
will summarize the results of the studies and present a
discussion on the fate of dissolved and dispersed petroleum
in the sea.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11017. 1976]
C-0405-77
ESTUARINE OIL DISPERSION MODEL
Mattis, W. E. 1975.
Model Simulation Conference, 6th, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
1975. 6(2):873-875.
Models, Oil discharges, Fate, Estuaries
Two models are derived that can be used to determine the
propagation and concentration of oil in an estuary due to an
accidental discharge from a ship or port unloading facility.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 14(10):#071237. 1976]
158
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C-0406-77
HYDROCARBON DISPERSION IN GROUND WATER; SIGNIFICANCE AND
CHARACTERISTICS
Osgood, J. 0. 1974.
National Ground Water Quality Symposium, 1974. No. 2:99-110.
Oil spills, Hydrocarbons, Fate, Dispersions, Groundwater
The effects of hydrocarbon spills on groundwater systems can
be significant. The hydrogeologic characteristics at the drill
site determine whether spilled hydrocarbons reaching the water
table will flow with the groundwater flow system or diverge
from it.
C-0407-77
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER QUALITY SYMPOSIUM
(2ND), HELD AT DENVER, COLORADO, ON SEPTEMBER 25-27, 1974.
National Water Well Association. 1974.
Contract EPA-68-03-0367. 254p.
Hydrocarbons, Groundwater, Water quality, Dispersions
This conference covered all facets of ground water quality
including hydrocarbon dispersion in ground water.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(23):#PB 257 312/9GA.
1976]
C-0408-77
EVALUATION OF SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAKE SHAKING AT OFFSHORE
SITES
Page, R. A. 1975.
Offshore Technology Conference, 7th, Houston, Texas, 1975.
Vol. III. No. OTC 2354. p.179-190. Preprint.
Offshore development, Fate, Contamination, Gulf of Alaska,
*Seismicity, *Ground shaking
Various methods and techniques used to evaluate seismicity
and ground shaking at offshore sites are discussed. The Gulf
of Alaska is used as an example in studying the effects of
tsunamis, faulting, ground failure, submarine slides, and
turbidity currents on possible oil pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(17):#W76-09379.
1976]
159
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C-0409-77
ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT BY OIL [English summary]
Riabchikov, A. M. 1974.
Moskovskiy Universitet, Vestnik, Seriya Geologii 29(2):11-19.
Fate, Crude oil, Decomposition, Arctic, Biological effects,
Environmental effects
About 2% of the 2.5 billion tons of crude oil produced annually
is lost during extraction, transport, processing and use.
Whereas oil degrades rapidly in warm climates, crude oil in
arctic climates (especially its heavy fractions) are preserved
for months to years with chronic effects on entire ecosystems.
Oil losses for 1985 are calculated to be nearly double the
present levels unless preventive measures are undertaken.
C-0410-77
HEXADECANE DECOMPOSITION IN THE EUTROPHIED BAY OF SHIMODA AT
SUMMER STAGNATION PERIOD
Seki, H. 1974.
Umi 12(4):186-191.
Decomposition, Hydrocarbons, Japan, *Hexadecane, *Shimoda Bay
The rate of hexdecane decomposition in Shimoda Bay was one
order of magnitude lower than that of Tokyo Bay during the
1974 summer stagnation period. The decomposition activity
was 80-89 m ng/1 hr in the surface layer, lower in deeper layers,
and 10 m yg/1 hr in the Kurohio countercurrent outside the bay.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12):#82989w. 1976]
C-0411-77
THERMAL STRESS FOR HEXADECANE DECOMPOSITION IN SEAWATER OF A
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Seki, H. 1975.
Umi 13(2):53-57.
Decomposition, Hydrocarbons, *Hexadecane, Seawater, Japan
"Microbial activity and hexadecane decomposition in salt
water of thermal spring was studied, showing a linear relation
between the logarithm of the in situ potentiality of hexade-
cane decomposition, mug hexadecane/1 seawater/hr, and
temperature."
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(12):#82988v. 1976]
160
-------
C-0412-77
OPERATIONAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE MOVEMENT OF OIL IN
CANADIAN NAVIGABLE WATERS
Simons, T. J., G. S. Beal, K. Beal, E. Shaarawi, and T. S.
Murphy. 1975.
Marine Sciences Directorate Manuscript Report Series No. 37.
30p.
Oil slicks, Movement, Models, St Lawrence River, Canada
The feasibility of an operational model to simulate the move-
ment of oil slicks in Canadian navigable waters is demonstrated.
Details of the computer program and the data bank are included,
and a hypothetical oil spill scenario in the St. Lawrence
estuary is developed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(18):#W76-09908.
1976]
C-0413-77
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON POLLUTION OF THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Suess, M. J. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.801-808.
Hydrocarbons, PAH, Oceans, Source identification, Plants,
Oil spills, Fate
All marine waters contain some level of polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH) due to their production by aqueous flora.
Further pollution occurs from municipal and industrial effluents,
atmospheric precipitation and fallout, runoff, and oil spills.
The presence and transmission of the PAH, 3,4-benzpyrene,
through environmental waters and past studies of the factors
affecting its stability are discussed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11030.
1976]
161
-------
C-0414-77
REENTRY OF 5-YEAR-OLD STRANDED BUNKER C FUEL OIL FROM A LOW-
ENERGY BEACH INTO THE WATER, SEDIMENTS, AND BIOTA OF CHEDABUCTO
BAY, NOVA SCOTIA
Vandermeulen, J. H., and D. C. Gordon, Jr. 1976.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33(9):2002-
2010.
Fate, Fuel oil, Chedabucto Bay, Canada, Beaches, Sediments,
*Water column, Marine organisms, Chronic effects
Large amounts of Bunker C fuel oil remaining from the grounding
of the Liberian Tanker Arrow five years ago is slowly being
released to the littoral and sublittoral environments. Only
trace amounts enter the water column directly. A parallel
distribution to the low tidal and high interstitial oil distri-
bution is found in tissue-bound oil in beach biota. Beach
sediments appear to act as a natural sink, sequestering inter-
stitial oil. Flow experiments indicate stranded oil will
remain in excess of 150 years.
C-0415-77
FATE OF SPILLED OILS
Weiss, F. T. 1975.
Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas
Development in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the Mid-Atlantic
Coast, 1974. L. E. Cronin (chairperson). Wachapreague,
Virginia, Estuarine Research Federation, 1975. p.185-197.
Proceedings of Estuarine Research Federation Outer Continental
Shelf Conference and Workshop.
Fate, Oil spills, Oceans, Bibliographies, *Physical changes,
*Chemical changes
Physical and chemical forces acting on spilled oil and the
biochemical fate of oil are reviewed. A bibliography of 50
references is included.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(16) :fl 12 319x. 1976]
162
-------
C-0416-77
THE TRANSPORT OF HYDROCARBONS BY THE PARTICULATE MATERIAL IN
THE SEA
Zsolnay, A. 1975.
Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas
Development in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the Mid-Atlantic
Coast, 1974. L. E. Cronin (chairperson). Wachapreaque,
Virginia, Estuarine Research Federation, 1975. p.165-170.
Proceedings of Estuarine Research Federation Outer Continental
Shelf Conference and Workshop.
Adsorption, Hydrocarbons, Offshore drilling, Oil transport,
*Particulate matter
Recent field work confirms laboratory studies which have shown
that particulate matter in the sea adsorbs petroleum hydrocarbons.
By this mechanism, petroleum hydrocarbons produced by offshore
drilling can be transported to deeper ocean areas.
[from Chemical Abstracts 85(18):#130229x. 1976]
163
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F. OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS
1. STATE LEGISLATION
C-0417-77
DEEPWATER PORT DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA: THE LEGAL CONTEXT
Dawson, A. C., III. 1976.
Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 6(2):157-184.
Legislation, State governments, Environmental protection,
Offshore development, Ports, Oil transport, North Carolina
The existing laws which apply to the planning and establishment
of deepwater or offshore ports are evaluated. The problem of
balancing the forces of energy development against the forces
of ecological conservation is discussed. Necessary interactions
between state and federal laws concerning offshore development
are pointed out by the study.
C-0418-77
THE ROLE OF NORTH CAROLINA IN REGULATING OFFSHORE PETROLEUM
DEVELOPMENT
Kilpatrick, J. E. 1976.
Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 6(2):185-197.
Offshore development, Legislation, International agreements,
U.S. government, State governments, North Carolina
The legal framework - international, federal, and state - for
regulating offshore petroleum development is detailed. The
historical conflict between federal and state governments
over control of the seabed further than three miles from
shore is reviewed. The pertinent federal legislation and
North Carolina legislation are analyzed.
164
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2. U.S. LEGISLATION
C-0419-77
COMPREHENSIVE OIL POLLUTION LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION ACT OF
1975
Anon. 1975.
U.S. Code Congress and Administrative News. p.1512.
Legislation, U.S., Liability, Oil spills, Compensation
The title Act has been proposed as a means for establishing
a comprehensive and uniform system of fixing liability and
settling claims for oil pollution damages in U.S. waters and
coastlines. The comprehensive legislation would replace a
patchwork of overlapping and sometimes conflicting state and
federal laws.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-11982. 1976]
C-0420-77
THE CRIMINAL OIL DISCHARGE
Eaton, L. R. 1976.
Pollution Engineering 8(10):12.
Legislation, U.S., Oil discharges, Law enforcement, *FWPCA
A recent legal case involving the 1972 Amendments to the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) is briefly reviewed. In the
case, both a civil action suit and criminal charges for permitting
oil discharges to enter U.S. waters were brought against a land-
fill operator. The case indicates that the federal government
is actively enforcing the provisions of the FWPCA.
C-0421-77
PRIVATE ACTIONS FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION
Gordon, M. M. 1975.
Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 2(1):140-194.
Oil spills, Liability, *Private damage suits, Legislation,
U.S.
Private damage suits resulting from offshore oil spills and
pollution in U.S. coastal areas are examined, and relevant
common law and recent statutory developments at the state and
international levels are discussed. Comprehensive federal
legislation is believed to offer the most satisfactory accomo-
dation of the conflicting interests of private claimants and
producers and transporters of oil. Three hundred references
are included.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(7/8):#76-05038. 1976]
165
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C-0422-77
MANDATORY CANADIAN CRUDE OIL ALLOCATION REGULATIONS
U.S. Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Final environmental impact statement, FEA/H-76/220, FES-76/1.
375p.
Regulations, U.S., Crude oil, *Resource allocations, Canada,
EIS, Economic effects, *FEA
"On January 30, 1976, the Federal Energy Administration (FEA)
promulgated regulations to allocate diminishing amounts of
Canadian crude oil deliveries during the period of 1976 through
1981." These regulations reflect FEA's activities to minimize
the impact of the Canadian action.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(21) :#PB-255 319/6GA.
1976]
C-0423-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE
U.S. Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Draft environmental impact statement, FEA/G-76/331. 323p.
Legislation, U.S., Storage, Crude oil, Oil tanks, EIS,
Environmental effects
FEA has identified three alternative storage systems for
satisfying the objectives of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve
program which was established by the Energy Policy and Conser-
vation Act, 1975. These alternatives are discussed in this
EIS. Prototype worst case facilities were developed to
provide a basis for determining potential program impacts
and resource requirements.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(21) :#PB-255 476/4GA.
1976]
166
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3. INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
C-0424-77
THE FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION AND THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION OF THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Kiselev, V. A. 1976.
Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law Vol 6:
93-106.
Pollution prevention, Ships, Design and engineering, Regulations,
Law enforcement, international law
The article proposes internationally uniform ship construction
and equipment standards, and unified international legislation
for enforcing oil pollution regulations. It is also recommended
that coastal states be provided with some rights for combatting
oil pollution within a zone of the high seas adjoining their
territorial waters.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22) :#W76-12010.
1976]
C-0425-77
RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY FOR HARM TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Stein, R. E. 1976.
Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 6:41-57.
Legislation, Environmental protection, Pollution prevention,
Liability
Existing legislation for preventing or mitigating harm to the
marine environment caused by pollution, including oil pollution,
is reviewed and recommendations for new legal measures are
presented.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-12012.
1976]
167
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4. FOREIGN LEGISLATION
C-0426-77
MARINE OIL POLLUTION LEGISLATION - WESTERN EUROPE
Brackley, P. G., and C. T. Savin. 1976.
Prevention and Control of Marine Oil Pollution, Brisbane,
Australia, 1976. North Sydney, Australia, Petroleum Institute
Environmental Conservation Executive, 1976. 17p. Regional
Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia. Technical Papers.
Legislation, Europe, International agreements, Pollution
prevention, Oceans, Offshore production, Oil discharges,
Cleanup
International conventions and European legislation relating
to marine oil pollution are reviewed. Oil pollution from
shipping, offshore exploration and production, land-based
sources, and from dumping at sea is discussed. The need for
regional and international cooperatives in spill prevention
and cleanup is stressed.
168
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5. AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTIONS
C-0427-77
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF MARINE OIL
POLLUTION. OCEAN AND OCEAN LAW PROGRAM
Anderson, A. W. , and W. K. Bissell. 1975.
Sea Grant Technical Bulletin 33, NOAA-76041404; Contract NOAA-
04-5-158-14. 154p.
Pollution prevention, International conventions, Oil spills,
Oil discharges
In this paper initial definitions are provided concerning the
marine ecosystem, oil, and the interaction of these two; and the
general history of international cooperation and international
awareness and agreements relating to marine oil pollution are
discussed. This writing details the most recent developments
leading up to the 1976 New York Law of the Sea Conference.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(17):#PB-253 970/8GA.
1976]
C-0428-77
MARINE LAW: IMCO'S PROGRAMME OF ACTION ON OIL POLLUTION
Anon. 1975.
Shipping World and Shipbuilders 168(3909):889.
International conventions, Oil spills, Liability, Tankers,
Ships, Insurance
Among the objectives of the International Convention on Civil
Liability for Oil Pollution Damage are the assurance of adequate
compensation for persons suffering damage from oil spills, and
the placement of liability for spill damages on the owner of
the ship from which the pollutant oil escaped. Oil carrying
vessels with capacities greater than 2000 tons of crude oil
are required to maintain adequate insurance to cover oil spill
damages.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(5):76-04991. 1976]
C-0429-77
MARINE POLLUTION: MEDITERRANEAN
Anon. 1976.
Bulletin of Legal Developments No 4:35. Summary.
International conventions, Pollution prevention, Oil discharges,
Mediterranean Sea
A UN-sponsored conference dealing with oil pollution in the
Mediterranean Sea was held in Barcelona, Spain in February, 1976.
169
-------
Twelve of the eighteen countries represented signed a framework
convention containing protocols regarding the dumping of wastes
and cooperation in combatting oil pollution.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 13(5):#W76-04973. 1976]
C-0430-77
IMCO/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN JOINT GROUP OF EXPERTS ON THE
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF MARINE POLLUTION (GESAMP). REPORT OF THE
EIGHTH SESSION
Food and Agriculture Organization. 1976.
Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization, 1976. 12p. (GESAMP
Reports and Studies No. 4.)
International conventions, Oil spills, Contamination, Environmental
effects, Oceans, *6ESAMP
This report covers the agenda of the 4th GESAMP meeting which
was held at FAO Headquarters in Rome, April 21-27, 1976.
Actions taken on the topics under discussion at the meeting
are summarized. Topics included a review and evaluation of
the hazards of harmful substances in the marine environment,
impact of oil on the marine environment, and the interchange
of pollutants between the atmosphere and oceans.
C-0431-77
MARINE POLLUTION - LEGAL AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS
Holmes, P. R. 1976.
Prevention and Control of Marine Oil Pollution, Brisbane,
Australia, 1976. North Sydney, Australia, Petroleum Institute
Environmental Conservation Executive, 1976. 18p. Regional
Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia. Technical Papers.
International agreements, International conventions, Pollution
prevention, Ships, Legislation, Liability, Economics
The role of international agreements in mitigating or preventing
marine oil pollution by ships is examined and found to be of
major significance for initiating controls; determining rights,
powers, and obligations; and in providing compensation for oil
pollution damages. Existing and proposed international
conventions dealing with preventive measures, providing for
legal intervention by coastal states, and assessing liability
and damage compensation are briefly reviewed. Recommendations
for filling legal gaps on the national and international levels
are outlined.
170
-------
C-0432-77
LIABILITY FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION DAMAGE IN CONTEMPORARY
INTERNATIONAL SEA LAW
Makovsky, A. L. 1976.
Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 6:59-71.
International conventions, Liability, Oil spills, Legislation,
*UN Law of the Sea
Various international conventions dealing with liability for
damage to the marine environment are examined, including
conventions dealing with oil pollution. The legal bases for
these conventions and liability principles of the proposed
UN Law of the Sea are explored.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-12011. 1976]
C-0433-77
DIE BEDEUTUNG DER KONVENTION ZUM bCHUTZE DER OSTSEE FUER
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN (IMPLICATIONS OF THE CONVENTION FOR THE
PROTECTION OF THE BALTIC SEA FOR SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN). [English
summary]
Petersen, M. 1975.
Deutsche Gewaesserkundliche Mitteilungen 19(Sonderheft):27-29.
International conventions, Pollution prevention, Environmental
protection, Baltic Sea, Oil discharges, Ships
The following obligations were taken by all seven riparian
countries meeting at the 1974 convention: measures to prevent
pollution from land sources and ships, development of standard
criteria for pollution control, joint action in preventing
large scale marine pollution, and complementation of the Oslo
and London anti-dumping conventions by a more stringent prohibi-
tion of waste dumping. Joint Danish-German proposals for water
quality control in Schleswig-Holstein coastal waters have been
formulated and are discussed.
[from Pollution Abstracts 7(5):#76-04374. 1976]
171
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6. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
C-0434-77
COMPENSATION FOR OIL POLLUTION AT SEA: AN INSURANCE APPROACH
Goria, C. F. 1975.
Federation of Insurance Counsel Quarterly 26:3-26.
Oil spills, Insurance, Liability, International conventions,
Legislation, Economics
An examination of present liability standards shows that monetary
damages from oil spill accidents are distributed inequitably,
and the national approaches to oil pollution insurance are
inadequate because of extreme limitations of liability. Recent
international conventions and agreements do not yet protect
claims adequately. Recommendations are made regarding private
claims and more equitable loss distribution between the shipping
industry, oil companies and consumers. An extensive bibliography
is included.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-11975. 1976]
C-0435-77
MANUAL ON OIL POLLUTION
IMCO. n.d.
London, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization
Publications Section. 73p.
Manuals, Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Containment, Cleanup,
Guidelines
The manual provides practical information on means of dealing
with oil spillages.
[from IMCO Publications Catalogue. July, 1976. p.5]
C-0436-77
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT FOR INTERIM FINAL EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
GUIDELINES AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE OFFSHORE
SEGMENT OF THE OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1975.
Special report, EPA 440/1-75/005 Group II. 159p.
Wastewater treatment, Guidelines, Regulations, Offshore drilling,
Offshore production
Effluent limitations, guidelines, performance standards, and
pretreatment standards for the offshore oil and gas extraction
172
-------
industry are discussed. Data are presented on characteristics of
production, drilling, and sanitary and domestic wastes including
oily wastes. Waste treatment and control technology alternatives
are reviewed with emphasis on best available technologies.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(7/8):#76-05074. 1976]
C-0437-77
OFFSHORE SEGMENTS OF THE OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1975.
Federal Register 40(179):42572-42577.
Regulations, Guidelines, Offshore production, Oil discharges,
Pollution control, *EPA
EPA is publishing regulations which provide effluent limitations
guidelines and pretreatment standards for existing and new offshore
oil and gas production facilities. The quantity and quality of
pollutants which may be discharged by point sources subject to
regulation are tabulated according to point source category.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22):#W76-11994.
1976]
173
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G. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
C-0438-77
BASELINE STUDY PROGRAM. NORTH PUGET SOUND. BIOLOGICAL OIL
IMPACT LITERATURE REVIEW. VOLUME II. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Buell, J. W., and V. W. Kaczynski. 1975.
Final report, WA/DOE/BR-75/02. 467p.
Bibliographies, Biological effects, Oil spills, Petrochemicals,
Marine organisms, Puget Sound
This annotated bibliography covers current available literature
on the ecology of the significant biological resources of Puget
Sound and on the effects of oil spills and petrochemicals on
those biota. Certain references of general interest on the
subject of oil pollution and marine organisms are included.
(See also Volume 1, Text; C-0272-77, p.106).
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19):#PB-254 292. 1976]
C-0439-77
WASTE PROCESSING AND POLLUTION IN THE CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES. VOLUME 2. (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)
Cavagnaro, D. M. 1976.
NTIS report for 1975 - June 1976. 164p.
Bibliographies, Wastewater treatment, Industries, Petrochemicals,
Economics, industrial wastes, *Pollution effects
This updated bibliography contains 159 abstracts (23 of which
are new entries to the previous edition) on studies of air and
water pollution and solid wastes for the chemical and petrochemical
industries. Control processes, emissions, economics, pollution
effects, and abatement strategies are covered.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19):NTIS/PS-76/0607/
2GA. 1976]
C-0440-77
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON OIL RIG INSURANCE
Chartered Insurance Institute. 1975.
London, The Chartered Insurance Institute, 1975. 3p.
Bibliographies, Offshore drilling, Insurance, Liability, *0il
rig insurance
Among the topics covered by this bibliography are: marine
insurance, offshore drilling, accident prevention, pollution
liability, and contractor's and employer liability.
[from Offshore Abstracts 3(3):#76-1743. 1976]
174
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C-0441-77
SOURCES OF INFORMATION IN WATER RESOURCES - AN ANNOTATED GUIDE
TO PRINTED MATERIALS
Giefer, G. J. (ed.). 1976.
New York, Water Information Center, Inc. 1976. 290p.
Bibliographies, Oil spills, Environmental effects
This bibliography with abstracts covers many facets of water
resources including oil pollution, oil spills, and the effect
of such pollution on the environment.
C-0442-77
OFFSHORE DRILLING (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)
Habercom, G. E., Jr. 1976.
NTIS report for 1964 - July, 1976. 155p.
Bibliographies, Offshore drilling, Oil wells, Environmental
effects
This bibliography contains 154 abstracts (38 of which are new
entries to the previous edition) covering the following topics:
drilling procedures, equipment, environmental aspects, and
legal implications involved in oceanic mineral resources
recovery.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20) :#NTIS/PS-76/0627/
OGA. 1976]
C-0443-77
SUPERTANKERS AND SUPERPORTS (CITATIONS FROM THE ENGINEERING
INDEX DATA BASE)
Habercom, G. E. 1976.
NTIS report for 1970 - June, 1976. 82p.
Bibliographies, Tankers, Ports, Environmental effects, *Super-
tankers,*Deepwater ports
This bibliography includes 75 abstracts covering construction
and operation of supertankers and requirements for port facilities.
Environmental aspects, offshore mooring sites, and harbor prepara-
tion are among the topics investigated.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19):#NTIS/PS-76/0592/
6GA. 1976]
175
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C-0444-77
SUPERTANKERS AND SUPERPORTS (CITATIONS FROM THE NTIS DATA BASE)
Habercom, G. E. 1976.
NTIS report for 1964 - June, 1976. 102p.
Bibliographies, Tankers, Ports, Environmental effects, *Super-
tankers, *Deepwater ports
Ninety-seven abstracts are contained in this report reviewing
construction and operation of supertankers, requirements for
port facilities, and environmental aspects.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19):#NTIS/PS-76/0591/
8GA. 1976]
C-0445-77
A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE BIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF OIL SPILLS IN
MARINE WATERS
Mertens, E. W. 1973.
Background Papers for a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and Effects
of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Airlie, Virginia, 1973.
Vol. 2. p.744-757.
Bibliographies, Oil spills, Biological effects, Environmental
effects, Toxicity, Marine organisms
Selected literature is reviewed on the biological impact of oil
on the marine environment. Emphasis is placed on the environmental
effects of oil spills and on bioassays to determine the toxicity
of oils to marine organisms.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(20):#W76-11027.
1976]
C-0446-77
THE BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION IN
TROPICAL WATERS. AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Onuf, C. P. 1973.
Agency for International Development, Department of State,
Report AID/csd 2608. PB-248 899. 67p.
Bibliographies, Biological effects, Environmental effects,
Contamination, Oil spills, Biodegradation, Marine organisms,
*Tropical waters
The annotated bibliography contains 112 references to the
biological and ecological effects of oil pollution in tropical
waters; some references to effects in colder, higher latitude
waters are also included.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 9(22) :#W76-11936.
1976]
176
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C-0447-77
OIL SPILL REMOVAL TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT (A BIBLIOGRAPHY
WITH ABSTRACTS)
Smith, M. F. 1976.
NTIS report for 1965 - June, 1976. 252p.
Bibliographies, Oil spills, Cleanup, Recovery, Oil-water
separation, Skimmers, Adsorption, Dispersants, Flotation
Techniques cover oil-water separation, skimming, dispersion,
adsorption, flotation, and combustion. Oil spreading, droplet
entrainment, prototype removal sytems, equipment, and costs are
also reviewed. The bibliography contains 247 abstracts, 45 of
which are new entries to the previous edition.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(20):#NTIS/PS-76/0637/
9GA. 1976]
C-0448-77
WASTE PROCESSING AND POLLUTION IN THE CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES. VOLUME 1. 1964-1974 (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)
Werner, K. G., and D. M. Cavagnaro. 1976.
NTIS report for 1964-1974. 181p.
Bibliographies, Wastewater treatment, Industries, Petrochemicals,
Economics, ^Industrial wastes, *Pollution effects
This updated bibliography contains 176 abstracts on air and
water pollution and solid wastes for the chemical and petro-
chemical industries. Control processes, emissions, economics,
and abatement strategies are covered.
[from Government Reports Announcements 76(19):#NTIS/PS-76/0606/
4GA. 1976]
177
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SECTION II: CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS
Title, contract information and a summary of project objectives are
provided in each entry. Project notices have been obtained from the
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE); American Society for
Microbiology, Aquatic Microbiology Newsletter; and Canada, Department
of the Environment, Spill Technology Newsletter. Current status
information and publications resulting from the projects are presented
when such information is available from the principal investigators or
performing organizations. The source of status information is given
at the end of each entry.
Entries are grouped according to subject and then ordered by serial
number within each subject division. The serial number designates
the original issue of OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS in which
the research project is listed:
R-001-74 to R-165-74 EPA-670/2-75-003
July 74 to October 74
R-166-74 to R-244-74 EPA-670/2-75-044
November 74 to February 75
R-245-74 to R-268-74 EPA-670/2-75-059
February 75 to April 75
R-269-74 to R-342-74 EPA-600/2-76-129
May 75 to July 75
R-269-75 to R-304-75 EPA-600/2-76-113
August 75 to October 75
R-001-76 to R-035-76 EPA-600/2-76-185
November 75 to January 76
R-064-76 to R-l23-76 May 76 to July 76
R-124-76 to R-175-76 August 76 to October 76
R-001-77 to R-022-77 November 76 to January 77
178
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A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. MONITORING
R-282-74 (renewal)
MONITORING HYDROCARBONS
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
Island, School
Woodward, Kingston,
ON AND IN SEA WATER
Brown, C. W.
University of Rhode
of Arts & Sciences,
RI 02881
U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office
7/75 to 6/76
$15,596
Immediate objectives are to determine seasonal variations in
surface films and dissolved organics in seawater, pleasure
craft and commercial harbors, and in the open sea; to determine
those components of petroleum that dissolve sea water or are
otherwise removed during weathering; and to explore new methods
for identifying the source of petroleum on sea water. The types
and relative amounts of hydrocarbons have been determined for
the following: beach sands from nine locations along the Rhode
Island coast, over 50 samples of surface and subsurface water
from a pleasure craft harbor, surface samples from a commercial
fishing harbor and Narragansett Bay. A new method for finger-
printing petroleum has been developed and separation of hydro-
carbon components in weathered and unweathered petroleum samples
has been initiated.
[SSIE No. GBP-1573-1]
R-002-76 (renewal)
HYDROCARBON STUDIES IN PUGET SOUND AND OFF THE WASHINGTON COAST
Principal Investigator: Carpenter, R. , and A. W. Fairhill
University of Washington, Department
of Oceanography, Seattle, WA 98195
U.S. Energy Research and Development
Administration, Biomedical and
Environmental Research Division.
No. BER-76-393, Contract E(45-l)-
2225 TA40.
6/76 to 5/77
$170,000
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
179
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Seasonal samplings of phytoplankton, zooplankton and neuston
are being made within Puget Sound and off the west coast of
Washington. Hydrocarbons are being removed from these samples
and characterized for the purpose of establishing the natural
distribution of hydrocarbons in local marine organisms and to
determine the extent to which organisms may be contaminated
by petroleum hydrocarbons from oil spills. Cores of sediment
are also being collected and analyzed and sediment accumulation
rates determined so as to determine profiles of changes in
hydrocarbon types and amounts during the past 100 years.
[SSIE No. GPE-5809]
R-125-76
BAY OF FUNDY STUDIES
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Duerden, C.
Environmental Protection Service
Atlantic Region, Halifax, Nova Scotia
B3J 3E4, Canada
Canada, Department of the Environment,
Environmental Protection Service
Unknown
The Environmental Protection Service - Atlantic Region conducted
a four-day survey of the Bay of Fundy shoreline in order to
identify highly sensitive areas. The development of an environ-
mental atlas for the Bay of Fundy is nearing completion. The
project should be completed by December, 1976. Sea trials of
slick-tracking devices are being prepared at Fundy. The high
frequency of fog in the bay lends particular importance to
the finding of such a device that will perform properly.
[J. R. MacDonald, Environmental Protection Service - Atlantic
Region. Spill Technology Newsletter 1(4):41. July-August,
1976]
Status: The testing program of slick tracking devices was
planned to begin in mid-December in conjunction with the
Canada Center for Remote Sensing and the Canadian Coast Guard.
If the preliminary results prove encouraging, the program will
continue in the Bay of Fundy during the first week in February.
No reports have been prepared at present.
Information Source:
F. C. Duerden, Environmental Emergency
Branch, Environmental Protection Service
5151 George St., 17th floor, Halifax,
Nova Scotia B3J 1M5, Canada
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R-001-77
DEVELOPMENT OF A MARSH CONDITION INDEX
Principal Investigator: Dunstan, W.
Performing Organization: University of Georgia, Skidaway
Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box
13687, Savannah, GA 31406
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $8,500
The research aim is to find one or a set of physiological
characteristics of Spartina which can be easily and quickly
measured to yield a statistically valid "condition index".
The condition index would be used to measure potential or
actual effects on the marsh of oil and other industrial
effluent spills, changes caused by increased nutrient levels,
success of projects to rebuild salt marshes after roadbuilding,
dredging or mining operations, and the laboratory assay of
potential industrial effluents.
Status: Total non-structural carbohydrates have been measured
over a year's cycle in three marshes. The results of this
research have been submitted to Botania Marine for publication.
The comparative production and related morphological changes
in three marshes have been published in a Technical Report.
Measurements of chlorophyll, iron, and nitrogen have been
made over a year's cycle, and a report on this work is in
preparation. Sampling of marsh areas in Florida, Georgia,
and South Carolina has been initiated.
[SSIE No. GBP-2170]
R-002-77
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BORDERLAND - ENVIRONMENTAL
Principal Investigator: Greene, H. G.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield
Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Geological Survey, Geologic Division,
No. 9460-01650
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
A study is being conducted to identify, map, and report the
geologic hazards and problems that exist in the southern
California Borderland, specifically in areas where future
181
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development may take place. Geological hazards consist of
faults, submarine landslides and slumps, hydrocarbon seeps,
salt water intrusion sites, contaminant pathways, and areas
of anomalous high erosion and sedimentation. Areas to be
looked at include the central part of Santa Rosa-Cortes Ridge,
San Diego shelf, western Santa Barbara Channel, and miscellaneous
OCS areas that lie in water depths shallower than 750 m.
[SSIE No. ZUA-3979]
Reports and Publications
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY OF SELECTED
AREAS OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND
Green, H. G., S. H. Clarke, Jr., M. E. Field, F. I. Linker,
and H. C. Wagner. 1975.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. Open-
file Report 75-596. 70p.
Selected areas of the Southern California continental
borderland have been studied to define the nature and
extent of geologic hazards which could affect the environ-
ment as a result of the development of petroleum resources
in this region. The areas designated for leasing in
Federal Outer Continental Shelf lease sale 35 were studied
in detail. The geologic phenomena investigated include
faulting, seismicity, sediment instability, sediment
erosion, and oil and gas seeps. Faulting and seismic
activity are major hazards in all of the areas. Additional
information is necessary for a complete evaluation of
geologic hazards in the borderland region.
Information Source: H. G. Greene, U.S. Department of the Interior,
Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield. Rd. ,
Menlo Park, CA 94025
R-003-77
MODIFY THE OIL DETECTION BUOY SYSTEM AND PROVIDE LONGTERM
FIELD EVALUATION
Principal Investigator: Gross, H. G.
Performing Organization: Spectrosystems Corporation, 3723
Ocean Crest, Santa Ana, CA 92704
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The purpose of the project is to yield an oil detection buoy
system capable of operation in remote unattended areas deriving
its power from a rechargeable battery pack with telemetering
alarm and operational status conditions.
[SSIE No. GZ-58504]
182
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Status: Three oil detection buoys are presently being prepared
and will undergo lab and field tests in New Haven Harbor,
Connecticut, during the month of January, 1977. After these
tests, the buoys will be installed in the River Rouge in Detroit,
Michigan, for the monitoring of oil levels in the river waters.
The operational system to be established in the River Rouge
is the first of its kind and will transmit oil detection signals
to the U.S. Coast Guard station in Detroit. A new contract is
being prepared for the maintenance of the detection system over
a one year period.
Information Source: H. G. Gross, Spectrosystems, 3723 Ocean
Crest, Santa Ana, CA 92704
183
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2. REMOTE SENSING
R-004-77
MULTISPECTRAL, REMOTE SENSING AS A FRESH WATER QUALITY
SURVEILLANCE TOOL
Principal Investigator: Carritt, D. E.
Performing Organization: University of Massachusetts, Graduate
School, Amherst, MA 01002
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Office of Mater Research and Technology.
No. A-084-MASS
Period: 1/76 to 9/77
The demonstration of remote, multispectral sensing as a unique
tool for the study and surveillance of environmental properties
in freshwater resources in Massachusetts is proposed. Remotely
sensed multispectral data will be used to evaluate distribution
of surface slick materials and other phenomena on land and in
aquatic areas.
[SSIE No. GUY-475-1]
R-005-77
MAINTENANCE FOR THE AIRBORNE OIL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (AOSS)
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Aerojet General Corporation, 9236
E. Hall Rd., Downey, CA 90241
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The contract provides for (1) advice and assistance in the
operation and maintenance of the AOSS; (2) system and subsystem
performance evaluation; (3) adjustment, alignment, test and
checkout of the system; (4) troubleshooting and field repair.
[SSIE No. GZ-58334-1]
184
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3. ANALYSIS
R-283-74 (renewal)
PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION
IN ORGANISMS
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
- QUANTIFICATION AND PASSIVE TAGGING
Farrington, J. W.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
Main St., Woods Hole, MA 02543
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development
1/75 to 12/75
$70,043
Relatively simple, reliable, analytical methods were developed
for routine use in the laboratory to quantify petroleum contam-
ination at the 1 ppm (wet weight) level in marine organisms
and aquatic sediments, and to correlate oil contamination of
marine organisms and sediments with sources of contamination -
"passive tagging".
[SSIE No. GMA-2568]
Reports and Publications
EVALUATION OF SOME METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ORGANISMS
Farrington, J. W., and G. C. Medeiros. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution,
San Francisco, 1975. p.115-121.
The composition and concentration of hydrocarbons in
clams from areas of different pollution levels were
determined. After spiking a clam homogenate with 10 ppm
API No. 2 fuel oil, only 5 to 6 ppm of the spike were
detected. Hydrocarbons already in the clams interfered
with the tagging parameters of the spike.
INTERCALIBRATION OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES FOR
HYDROCARBONS IN TISSUES AND EXTRACTS OF MARINE ORGANISMS
Farrington, J. W., J. M. Teal, G. C. Medeiros, K. A.
Burns, E. A. Robinson, Jr., J. G. Quinn, and T. L. Wade.
1976.
Analytical Chemistry 48(12):1711-1716.
Analyses of petroleum hydrocarbons separated from tuna
meal samples and cod liver lipid extracts were performed
using gas chromatography. Measured values of hydrocarbons
spiked to samples of cod liver oil are presented. Limita-
tions to current methods of analysis used in this and other
current studies are discussed.
185
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PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Farrington, J. W., J. M. Teal, and P. L. Parker. 1976.
Strategies for Marine Pollution Monitoring. E. D. Goldberg
(ed.). New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1976. p.3-34.
In this chapter, the authors set forth principles for the analysis
of marine samples for petroleum hydrocarbons with a boiling
range above n-tetradecane. Continuing research needs in the
measurement of petroleum hydrocarbons are noted. One point
underlined is that sampling, analysis, and interpretation
of data are best accomplished by a team of scientists or a
scientist having experience in analytical chemistry, marine
geochemistry, marine biochemistry, and marine ecology.
ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ORGANISMS: RESULTS OF
IDOE INTERCALIBRATION EXERCISES
Farrington, J. W., J. M. Teal, J. G. Quinn, P. L. Parker,
J. K. Winters, T. L. Wade, and K. Burns. 1974.
Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum) Symposium and
Workshop, Nat. Bureau of Standards, Maryland, 1974. R. C.
Junghans (ed.). NBS Special Publication 409. p.163-166.
Four laboratories analyzed a tuna meal sample from NBS
using the techniques and methods employed at that time
in the respective laboratories. The methods are outlined,
and the results compared. Agreement was fair, but discrepan-
cies are not always from the same laboratory. Intercalibra-
tion is needed, even when the same methods of analysis are
used.
COMPARISON OF ANALYSIS METHODS FOR HYDROCARBONS IN SURFACE
SEDIMENTS
Farrington, J. W., and B. W. Tripp. 1975.
Marine Chemistry in the Coastal Environment. T. M. Church
(ed.). Washington, D. C. , American Chemical Society, 1975.
p.267-284. (ACS Symposium Series, 18)
Three chemical extraction procedures were compared by
gravimetric analysis for their efficiency in extracting
hydrocarbons from marine sediment samples and were found
to be similarly effective. The extracted hydrocarbons
were characterized and quantified by gas chromatography.
A number of samples were spiked with 10 ppm of No. 2
fuel oil, and gas chromatography was found to be useful
in detecting and quantifying the spike.
186
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IDOE-5 INTERCALIBRATION SAMPLE: RESULTS OF ANALYSIS AFTER
SIXTEEN MONTHS STORAGE
Medeiros, G. C., and J. W. Farrington. 1974.
Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum) Symposium and
Workshop, National Bureau of Standards, Maryland, 1974.
R. C. Junghans (ed.). NBS Special Publication 409.
p.167-170.
The stability of a petroleum-spiked cod liver lipid extract
was tested by analyzing 2 subsamples after 16 months. The
analyses from the 2 time periods are in agreement. The
wet chemical and instrumental analyses can be done quite
adequately by trained laboratory assistants under super-
vision.
Information Source: J. W. Farrington, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Main St., Woods Hole, MA
02543
187
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B. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
R-006-77
WATER AND SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY
Principal Investigator: Ho, C. L.
Performing Organization: Louisiana State University Systems,
Center for Wetland Resources, Univer-
sity Station, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $19,510
The project is designed to investigate the role of clays and
organic matter in oil adsorption and their subsequent precipi-
tation; to find the relative stability of adsorbed hydrocarbon
with respect to chemical and biological degradation; to find
levels of inorganic nutrient requirements for biodegradation
of adsorbed hydrocarbons; and to monitor the secondary chemical
changes in surface sediments as a result of chronic oil and
wastewater discharges.
[SSIE No. GBP-2278]
R-007-77
PERFORMANCE TESTING OF PROTOTYPE SYSTEMS AND DEVICES TO REMOVE
AND SEPARATE SPILLED OIL
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: JBF Scientific Corporation, Lakeside
Office Park, Wakefield, MA 01880
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute. No. OS-5B
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The research goal is to design, construct and demonstrate the
performance of an open-sea Dynamic Inclined Plane (DIP) oil
skimmer.
Status: Construction of the skimmer was completed, certification
by the USCG obtained, and test/demonstrations performed in Boston,
Harbor in October, 1974. A draft final report on this project
was due to be submitted to the task force in November, 1976.
Also being prepared is a documentary film of the construction
of the skimmer (DIP-4001) and the shakedown, harbor and sea
trials.
[SSIE No. PAP-120-1]
-------
R-008-77
PERFORMANCE TESTING OF PROTOTYPE SYSTEMS AND DEVICES TO REMOVE
AND SEPARATE SPILLED OIL
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Shell Pipeline Corporation, 609 Fannin
St., Houston, TX 77001
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute. No. OS-5C
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Research is being conducted to design, fabricate and test scale
models of a wave-conforming oil skimming vessel for operation in
the open sea and to prepare a preliminary design and cost estimate
of a prototype vessel.
Status: Phase I of this project, which consisted of the fabri-
cation and testing of the scale model, has been completed and
reviewed with the task force. The second phase, dealing with
a full size prototype design meeting architectural specifications
and including detailed drawings, is complete. The drawings and
specifications were to be transmitted in early October, 1976.
[SSIE No. PAP-121-1]
189
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2. RESTORATION
R-285-75 (renewal)
SHORELINE PROTECTION AND RESTORATION
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Exxon Research and Engineering Co.,
1600 Linden Ave., NJ 07036
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute.
No. OS-17A
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The objective of this project is to conduct a feasibility study
on biological methods for protecting shorelines from oil spill
contamination and restoring contaminated shorelines.
[SSIE No. PAP-128-1]
Status: The project has been completed and a final report is
available through the American Petroleum Institute.
Reports and Publications
SHORESIDE PROTECTION AND RESTORATION FROM OIL SPILLS
Stewart, W. S. 1974.
Final report, API Publication No. 4254. 142p.
Studied were the applicability and utility of microbial
preparations and natural plant polysaccharides for the
protection and restoration of rocky shorelines and pebbly
beaches from oil contamination. These materials were only
very slightly effective in restoring rocks that were fouled
with oil, particularly very heavy oil. Information has
been developed on effective dosage levels to afford protec-
tion against oil contamination, methods of application of
protecting agents, effects of temperature, duration of
the protection offered, and overall efficiency of mirco-
biological and natural product systems.
Information Source: S. M. Fruh, Exxon Research & Engineering
Company, P. 0. Box 8, Linden, NJ 07036
190
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R-139-76
BIONOMICS AND ECOLOGY OF THE JACKASS PENGUIN (SPHENJCUS DEMERSUS)
WITH REFERENCE TO CONSERVATION OF THE SPECIES
Principal Investigator: Siegfried, W. R.
Performing Organization: University of Cape Town, Fitzpatrick
Institute, Rondebosch 7700, C.P. 7700,
Capetown, Cape of Good Hope, Republic
of South America
Supporting Agency: National Geographic Society
Period: 5/76 to 5/77
Funds: $30,000
Thousands of jackass penguins are oiled from ships discharging
oil at sea. Efforts are being made to rehabilitate them for
normal growth in the wild.
In this study, observers will visit certain islands at monthly
intervals during 1976 and populations of rehabilitated birds
and "normal" birds will be monitored. Resulting data will
permit computer analyses aimed at revealing differential
mortality and breeding success. Information on the movement
of penguins will also be provided.
[SSIE No. BU-678]
Status: Current research includes an evaluation of the success
of rehabilitation of cleaned oiled birds by following marked
birds in the field and analyzing ring recoveries. This is a
long term project and no published results are expected in 1977.
Information on the breeding ecology of the species with relevance
to conservation is being analyzed at the present time and will
be published in 1977.
Reports and Publications
CONSERVATION OF THE JACKASS PENGUIN (SPHENICUS DEMERSUS
(L-))
Frost, P. G. H., W. R. Siegfried, and J. Cooper. 1976.
Biological Conservation 9:79-98.
The population of the jackass penguin, which is confined
to the coastal waters of southern Africa, has declined
in numbers of unknown magnitude since the early 1900's.
This review relates current research and conservation
efforts to the factors thought to be influencing the
population status of the species. These factors include
the former exploitation of the birds for their eggs, the
disturbance of breeding birds through egg and guano
collection, oil pollution, and competition with the
fishing industry.
Information Source: J. Cooper, Percy Fitzpatrick Institute of
African Ornithology, University of Cape
Town, Rondebosch, 7700, Capetown, Cape of
Good Hope, Republic of South Africa
191
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3. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
R-262-74 (renewal)
REFINERY EFFLUENT TREATMENT: (1) ENGINERING PROCESS DESIGN;
(2) INTEGRATED TREATMENT SEQUENCE
Principal Investigators: Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt
Performing Organization: Standard Oil Co. of Indiana, 200 E.
Randolph Dr., Chicago, IL 60601
Supporting Agency: Standard Oil Co. of California
Period: 1/76 to 1/77
The aim of the engineering process design project is to improve
the effectiveness of existing waste treatment processes.
Proprietary process designs have been developed which have
improved substantially the performance of waste treatment
processes by incorporation of unique design and operating
features. The integrated treatment sequence program is
aimed at determining the optimum sequential end-of-pipe
treatment for effluents.
[SSIE Nos. AW-542-1; AW-543-1]
Reports and Publications
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 1. ACTIVATED SLUDGE
PROCESS
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(3):105-112.
Refinery effluent water quality can be significantly
improved and capital and operating costs can be lowered
by carefully controlling and integrating the separate
elements of a wastewater treatment system. This article,
which discusses the activated sludge process, is the
first of a series that outlines key objectives and
recommends treatment sequences for optimizing refinery
wastewater treatment systems.
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 2. INTERMEDIATE
TREATMENT
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(4):213-218.
Intermediate treatment facilities should be optimized for
contaminant reduction and equalization using hydraulic,
chemical and physical design considerations. This can be
achieved by: using a multiple compartmented basin for
hydraulic equalization; monitoring for undesirable
192
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contaminants using the first compartment; using the second
compartment to maximize oxygen transfer and rate of reaction
of oxygen with contaminants by using the same highly mixed
compartment for pH control; physically removing flocculated
contaminants, destabilizing residual colloidal matter chemi-
cally and removing it by filtration; and minimizing retention
time to conserve heat.
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 3. ELECTROCHEMISTRY
OF DESTABILIZATION
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(5) :221-230.
The properties of suspended solids in refinery effluents
are described, and the objective of colloidal destabili-
zation of suspended particles by chemical treatment is
given. Colloid destabilization mechanisms include:
colloid entrapment or removal via sweep floe mechanism,
reduction in surface charge by double layer repression,
bridging by polymers, and charge neutralization by
adsorption. Destabilizing chemicals and a destabilization
model are topics discussed.
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 4. APPROACH TO
CHEMICAL TREATMENT
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(6):115-123.
Chemical treatment methods for destabilizing and separating
out waterborne colloids from refinery wastewaters are
detailed. The colloidal components consist of two basic
types: the relatively inert substances such as clay, sand,
and organics including oil globules; and microorganisms or
biocolloids. Examples and case histories of the treatment
of these major colloidal systems are presented.
OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 5. MULTI-MEDIA
FILTERS
Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(7):113-118.
Theoretical and practical aspects of the filtration of
petroleum refinery effluents are examined. Filtration
mechanisms and chemical treatments that enhance filtration
are briefly discussed. The application of filtration
technology by the oil industry in the clarification of
make-up waters, API separator effluents, aerated lagoon
effluents, activated sludge unit effluents, and treatment
of cooling and connate water is described.
193
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OPTIMIZE THE EFFLUENT SYSTEM. PART 6. BIOCHEMISTRY OF
ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
Grutsch, J. F. , and R. C. Mallatt. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(8):137-142.
The fundamental biochemical principles involved in the
biodegradation and removal of organic contaminants from
(refinery) wastewaters are reviewed.
Information Source:
J. F. Grutsch, Standard Oil Co. of Indiana,
200 E. Randolph Dr., Chicago, IL 60601
R-009-77
SOLUBILIZATION AND
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization
Supporting Agency:
Period:
BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS
Barnett, S. M., C. W. Houston, and
A. R. Thompson
University of Rhode Island, School of
Engineering, Administration Bldg.,
Kingston, RI 02881
U.S. Department of the Interior,
Office of Water Research and Technology.
No. B-073-RI
7/76 to 6/77
The proposed study will concentrate on the transport of hydro-
carbons through the aqueous media, which is believed to be the
rate controlling factor in the treatment of hydrocarbons. The
investigators will identify surfactant characteristics which
promote hydrocarbon solubilization, transport and biodegradation,
and suggest surfactants for use in waste treatment plants and
in natural environments.
[SSIE No. GUY-523]
R-010-77
OIL IN WATER TECHNOLOGY
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Venezky, D. L.
U.S. Navy, Research Laboratory,
Washington, D. C. 20390
U.S. Department of Defense, Navy.
No. DN580168.
7/75 to 6/76
In order to maintain naval expertise in the area of oil-in-water
detection and assaying, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has
participated in reviewing and evaluating test methods which are
submitted or proposed to the American Society for Testing and
Materials, Committee D-19, and its task group on oil/grease in
194
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water. Oil and grease components are being identified, and methods
developed to distinguish between soluble non-ionic and soluble
ionic hydrocarbons in water. Resulting information will augment
NRL's current efforts in oil/water separation technology.
[SSIE No. ZQN-580168]
195
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4. PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES
R-14-76 (renewal)
OIL SPILLS - THE POLICY OF PREVENTION AND THE STRATEGY OF RECOVERY
Principal Investigator: Conrad, J.M.
Performing Organization: University of Massachusetts, School of
Food and Natural Resources, Amherst, MA
01002
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of
Water Research and Technology. No.
A-087-MASS
Period: 8/76 to 7/77
Funds: $5,600
The proposed project will survey recent incidents of oil pollution,
and review state and national legislation designed to prevent spills
and assess its effectiveness. In addition, the study will look
into the nature of oil spills recovery technology and construct
a model for the allocation of recovery resources so as to be in
"the best state of preparedness" in the event of a spill .
[SSIE No. GUY-365-1]
Reports and Publications
OIL SPILLS: THE STRATEGY OF RECOVERY
Conrad, J.M. 1976.
University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Preliminary report.
Grant A-087. 38 p.
A model for determining the optimal location of recovery
resources is developed and applied to coastal Massachusetts.
Nine hypothetical situations were constructed relating to
possible petroleum finds on Georges Bank and onshore develop-
ments in southeastern Massachusetts. The location of recovery
packages was determined for each situation. Priority areas
selected for the location of these resources included Cape
Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket,
Boston Harbor, and Plymouth. A desirable financial/
operational arrangement would be one in which a recovery
system were financed from federal revenue generated by
bonus bids and production royalties with recovery operations
contracted to private firms.
Information Source: J.M. Conrad, Department of Food and
Resource Economics, University of
Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002
196
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R-011-77
DEVELOPMENT OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PORT AUTHORITY
OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY AIRPORTS
Principal Investigator: Pilie, R.J.
Performing Organization: Calspan Corp., 4455 Genesee St.,
Buffalo, NY 14225
Supporting Agency: New York City Government
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey has retained
Calspan Corporation to undertake a comprehensive analysis of
the effect of the airport's storm and runoff waters on
natural waters adjacent to Kennedy, La Guardia and Newark
airports. Extensive precautions and disposal facilities
have been utilized at each airport to avoid pollution of these
waters. The existing drainage system serving maintenance, fuel
and service facilities includes oil separators and catch basins.
The two-year program consists of (1) data collection, in-
cluding an inventory of all chemicals used at the airports;
(2) analysis of samples collected and their relationship to
environmental quality; (3) determination of immediate preventive
and corrective measures; and (4) determination of long-term
control systems including alternatives, new treatment processes,
and construction of required facilities.
[SSIE No. XNE-93-1]
Status: The project is almost completed and final reports have
been submitted to the Port Authority for each of the three
airports and for the pilot scale treatment experiments per-
formed on hangar wastes. FFI contact Mr. Andy Attar, The Port
Authority of New York and New Jersey, One World Trade Center,
Room 64N, New York, NY 10048.
Information Source: R.J. Pilie, Calspan Corporation,
P. 0. Box 235, Buffalo, NY 14221
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C. CFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-077-74 (renewal)
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE BREAKDOWN AND SUB-LETHAL BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF TRACE PETROLEUM CONSTITUENTS IN THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Calder, J. A.
Performing Organization: State University of Florida System,
School of Arts and Sciences, 205
Wildwood Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32306
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of National and International
Programs. No. ID073-09745 A01
Period: 2/76 to 1/77
Funds: $50,000
Three major topics will be covered by this research: the
physical factors which control the solubility and physical
form of hydrocarbons in seawater; the rates of degradation of
petroleum constituents by natural mixed bacterial populations;
and uptake of preferred substrates by bacteria and the effects
of these molecules on the kinetics of selected enzyme systems.
[SSIE No. GSN-1151-3]
Reports and Publications
EFFECT OF THE WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION OF CRUDE, REFINED
AND WASTE OILS ON THE EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL STAGES OF THE
QUAHOG CLAM, MERCENARIA SP.
Byrne, C. J., and J. A. Calder. 1977.
Marine Biology. In press.
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH
OF MARINE BACTERIA IN BATCH CULTURE
Calder, J. A., and J. H. Lader. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 32(1):95-101.
The growth rate and maximum cell density of marine bacteria
in batch cultures were found to decrease with increasing
concentrations of dissolved aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicity
levels were observed to increase inversely with solubility,
and partial oxidation of naphthalene caused complete
cessation of growth at high concentrations.
198
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THE SOLUBILITY OF MEDIUM MOLECULAR WEIGHT AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS AND THE EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBON CO-SOLUTES
AND SALINITY
Eganhouse, R. P., and J. A. Calder. 1976.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 40:555-561.
The solubilities of several medium molecular weight hydro-
carbons were determined at 25°C in aqueous binary, ternary,
and quaternary hydrocarbon systems. Results are presented.
EFFECT OF THE WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION OF OILS ON THE
ACTIVITY OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND PHOSPHODIESTERASE
IN A MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON
Fehler, S. W. G., and J. A. Calder. Submitted.
KINETIC ASSAYS FOR ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND PHOSPHODIESTERASE
IN MARINE PLANKTON
Fehler, S. W. G., and J. A. Calder. Submitted.
THE EFFECT OF WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION OF CRUDE, REFINED
AND WEATHERED OILS ON THE GROWTH OF A MARINE BACTERIUM
IN BATCH CULTURE
Griffin, L. F., and J. A. Calder. In preparation.
DISSOLVED HYDROCARBONS IN THE EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO LOOP
CURRENT AND THE CARIBBEAN SEA
Iliffe, T. M. 1974.
Deep Sea Research 21(6):481-488.
Dissolved non-polar hydrocarbon concentrations of waters
collected from various stations and depths in the title
areas were determined. The highest concentrations were
found to occur in the Florida Strait. Hydrocarbon
compositions of the different waters are given.
SOLUBILITY OF ALKYLBENZENES IN DISTILLED WATER AND
SEAWATER AT 25.0°C
Sutton, C., and J. A. Calder. 1975.
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 20(3):320-322.
Results indicated that for monosubstituted alkylbenzenes,
the size of the alkyl substituent is important in deter-
mining the solubility; whereas for polysubstituted
alkylbenzenes, the positions of the substituents on the
benzene ring are also important.
199
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SOLUBILITY OF HIGHER-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT N-PARAFFINS IN
DISTILLED WATER AND SEAWATER
Sutton, C., and J. A. Calder. 1974.
Environmental Science and Technology 8:654-657.
The solubility of several n-paraffins has been determined
in distilled water and seawater and, in all cases, the
paraffins were less soluble in seawater than in distilled.
The magnitude of the salting out effect increased with
increasing molar volume of the paraffins in accordance
with the McDevit-Long theory. This effect observed for
the n-paraffins indicates the importance of estuaries in
determining the geochemical transport and fate of n-paraffins
as well as other organic molecules.
Information Source: J. A. Calder, State University of Florida,
School of Arts and Sciences, 205 Wildwood
Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32306
R-260-74 (renewal)
NAVY ENVIRONMENT - BIOLOGY OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Vedros, N. A., and R. J. Heckly
Performing Organization: University of California, School of
Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy.
No. DN023238, Contract N00014-75-C-0774
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $222,199
The ecological impact of pollutants on the marine and terrestrial
environments are being determined and means of controlling and
reducing pollution examined. This research includes an investi-
gation of hydrocarbons and heavy metals as water pollutants, with
emphasis on the uptake of these pollutants by marine organisms.
[SSIE No. GQN-23238-2]
R-294-75 (renewal)
THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN THE DELAWARE ESTUARY
Principal Investigator: Whipple, W.
Performing Organization: Rutgers The State University, Water
Resources Research Institute, Old
Queens Bldg., New Brunswick, NJ 08903
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Advanced Environmental
Research and Technology. No. ENV74-
14810 A03
Period: 3/74 to 4/77
Funds: $350,000
200
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The nature and sources of petroleum pollutants entering the
Delaware estuary in the Philadelphia area will be identified
and effects of these pollutants on aquatic biota evaluated.
[SSIE No. GSQ-1892-2]
Status: Previous work has shown that urban runoff and non-
petroleum industries contribute more oil pollutants than do
the refineries, and current levels of petroleum wastes in the
river are harmful to biota. The following areas have been or
are presently being studied: effects of water-soluble fractions
of crude oil on oysters, effects on other organisms of effluents
from the biologically treated wastes of ARCO, petroleum effects
on algae and on the nitrification process. The project has
been funded by NSF-RANN for three consecutive years. Renewal
for programmed fourth and fifth years is anticipated.
Reports and Publications
MEASUREMENT OF URBAN RUNOFF PETROLEUM
Hunter, J. V., S. L. Yu, and W. Whipple, Jr. 1975.
Urbanization and Water Quality Control, W. Whipple,
(ed.). Minneapolis, Minnesota, American Resources
Association, 1975.
Jr.
Information Source:
New Jersey Water Resources
Rutgers University, Annual
Year 1976
Research Institute,
Report Fiscal
R-099-76
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF INGESTED PETROLEUM IN MARINE BIRDS
Principal Investigators: Holmes, W. N., J. Cronshaw, and A.
Crocker
University of California, Santa Barbara,
Santa Barbara, CA 93106
U.S. Department of the Interior
1/76 to 1/80
$187,165
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
The contract provides for the comprehensive study of the effects
of ingested crude oil on the health of marine birds. Adult
mallard ducks adapted to seawater are being fed diets containing
known concentrations of crude oils from various geographical
locations. Factors being monitored include body weight,
amounts of food and oil consumed daily, hormonal status of
the adrenal glands, and environmental stress. The data are
compared with those from control groups fed uncontaminated food.
201
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Reports and Publications
ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM ON MARINE BIRDS
Holmes, W. N., and J. Cronshaw.
The Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine
Environments and Organisms. D. C. Malins (ed.). New
York, Academic Press. Chapter 5. In press.
Topics covered in this chapter include: effects of
spillage on mortality; physical systemic effects; and
pathological effects. Studies indicate that mature
ducks maintained under laboratory conditions tolerate
well the chronic administration of at least two crude
oils and one petroleum distillation product. Histological
patterns of the adrenal gland in birds treated with oil,
however, suggest a higher than normal level of adrenocor-
tical function occurs under conditions of chronic petroleum
ingestion. The development of this condition may account
for the high mortality in experiments in which birds fed oil-
contaminated diets were exposed to cold-stress.
THE EFFECTS OF COLD STRESS ON SEAWATER-MAINTAINED DUCKS
GIVEN FOOD CONTAMINATED WITH PETROLEUM
Holmes, W. il., J. Cronshaw, and J. Gorsline. In preparation.
Information Source: J. Cronshaw, Department of Biological
Sciences, University of California, Santa
Barbara, CA 93106
R-012-77
ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF SEAWATER EXTRACTS OF ALASKA
CRUDE OIL TO ZOEAE OF THE DUNGENESS CRAB, CANCER MAGISTER DANA
Principal Investigator: Caldwell, R. S.
Performing Organization: Oregon State University, Marine Science
Center, Newport, OR 97365
Supporting Agency: National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Marine
Fisheries Service . NOAA Task Unit
No. 3, Contract No. 03-5-022-68.
Period: 7/75 to 9/76
Funds: $38,687
Research was aimed at determining the acute and chronic effects
of crude oil, its component fractions, and other petroleum-
associated chemicals on physiological and behavioral mechanisms
of selected arctic and subarctic organisms.
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Reports and Publications
EFFECTS OF A SEAWATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION OF COOK INLET
CRUDE OIL AND ITS MAJOR AROMATIC COMPONENTS OR LARVAL
STAGES OF THE DUNGENESS CRAB, CANCER MAGISTER DANA
Caldwell, R. S., E. M. Caldarone, and M. H. Mallon. 1977.
Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine
Ecosystems and Organisms, Seattle, November, 1976.
In press.
Larval stages of C_. magister Dana were exposed continuously
to dilutions of Cook Inlet crude oil water-soluble fraction
(WSF) or seawater solutions of naphthalene or benzene for
periods up to 60 days. Effects on survival, duration of
larval development and size were used as indicators of
toxicity. The lowest concentration of WSF at which toxic
effects were seen was 4.0% of the full strength WSF
(0.0049 mg/1 as naphthalene or 0.22 mg/1 as total dissolved
aromatics). The lowest concentrations at which toxic
effects were observed with naphthalene and with benzene
were 0.13 mg/1 and 1.1 mg/1, respectively. Concentrations
of aromatic hydrocarbons in the WSF were inversely related
to the degree of alkylation in the benzene and naphthalene
families, but acute toxicity was directly related to the
degree of alkyl substitution.
Information Source: R. S. Caldwell, Oregon State University,
Marine Science Center, Department of
Fisheries and Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365
R-013-77
MODE OF UPTAKE AND RATE OF RELEASE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
BY SHELLFISH IN RELATION TO THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Principal Investigator: Ho, C. L.
Performing Organization: Louisiana State University Systems,
Center for Wetland Resources, Univer-
sity Station, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $22,010
Research objectives are: to find reliable methods that may
readily be adapted for routine analysis by state agencies for
distinguishing the naturally occurring hydrocarbons from that
of petroleum hydrocarbons in commercially important species
(oysters, shrimp, etc.); to examine petroleum hydrocarbon
203
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uptake by the filter feeder oysters; to determine the rate of
depuration of petroleum hydrocarbons in oysters; to quantify
the amount of these compounds that would impair the taste
quality; and to determine the effect of oil-coated sufaces on
recruitment and growth of young oysters under field conditions
Reports and Publications
IMPACT OF SURFACE ADSORBED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON
ORGANISMS
Ho, C. L., and T. Karim. 1977.
Symposium on Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
in Marine Ecosystems and Organisms, Seattle, November,
1976. In press.
Information Source: C. L. Ho, Louisiana State University,
Center for Wetland Resources, University
Station, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
R-014-77
EFFECTS OF COMPOUNDS PRODUCED FROM PETROLEUM UTILIZATION ON
SELECTED MARINE INVERTEBRATES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO
CARCINOGENESIS
Principal Investigator: Mix, M. C.
Performing Organization: Oregon State University, Department
of General Science, Corvallis, OR
97331
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Period: 6/76 to 6/78
Funds: $129,425
Among the project objectives are: to determine the concentration
(body burdens) of selected environmental chemical carcinogens in
economically-important molluscs and crustaceans from Oregon
waters; to determine if there is a potential public health
hazard to man from consuming shellfish which contain petroleum
by-products that are carcinogenic; to survey populations of
bivalve molluscs, determine the incidence of neoplastic diseases,
and ascertain if there is any correlation between carcinogen
concentrations and incidence of disease; to determine if
metabolic pathways exist in bivalve molluscs which lead to
detoxification or modification of benzo(a) pyrene; and to
study the fate and acute and chronic effects of benzo(a)pyrene
on bivalve molluscs.
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Reports and Publications
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT. I. BENZO-
(A)PYRENE IN ECONOMICALLY-IMPORTANT BIVALVE MOLLUSCS FROM
OREGON ESTUARIES
Mix, M. C., R. T. Riley, K. I. King, S. R. Trenholm, and
R. L. Schaffer. 1977.
Symposium on Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
in Marine Ecosystems and Organisms, Seattle, November,
1976. In press.
Benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) levels were determined in economically-
important indigenous shellfish populations from several sites
in five Oregon bays. Detectable levels of BAP were present
in bivalves from 43 of the 44 sampling sites. High levels
(> 15 ng/g) were present in mussels collected from the
Newport bayfront in Yaquina Bay and from a marina in
Tillamook Bay. Significant levels (> 5 ng/g) were present
in Mya arenaria collected along the shipping docks in Coos
Bay.
Information Source:
M. C. Mix, Oregon State University, Depart-
ment of General Science, Corvallis, OR 97331
R-015-77
EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL ON NITROGEN FLUX IN SALT MARSHES
Principal Investigator: Patrick, W. H.
Louisiana State University Systems,
School of Agriculture, University
Station, Baton Bouge, LA 70803
U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office. No. R/HSE-3
7/75 to 6/76
$5,847
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds :
Among the objectives of this project are: to elucidate and
quantify the relationship between primary productivity and
microbial nitrogen fixation, to determine the usefulness of
nitrogen fixation and/or microbial nitrogen fixers distribution
as indicator organisms for Louisiana's Coastal Zone Management
effort, and to determine the effect of crude oil on biological
activity of soil as measured by C02 production. Knowing the
effect of oil on the growth of Sjjartina alterniflora, which is
responsible for most of the primary production in Louisiana
coastal marsh, will help determine part of the overall effect
of petroleum operations on the ecology and productivity of
this area.
[SSIE No. GBP-2402]
205
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R-016-77
TOXIC EFFECTS OF OIL IN
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization
Supporting Agency:
Period:
WATER DISCHARGED FROM SHIPS
Unknown
Exxon Research and Engineering Co.,
1600 Linden Ave., Linden, NJ 07036
U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard
7/75 to 6/76
This effort is designed to determine those portions of oil
which may be dissolved in water in the shipboard environment,
and to examine the toxic effects of both the dissolved oil and
dispersed oil discharged overboard on the ecology. The following
tasks have been conducted: selection and procurement of last
test oils; solubility and dispersability studies; analysis of
samples; toxicity studies; and recommendations and reports of
work.
[SSIE No. GZ-58374]
Status: The project has been completed and a final report is
available through NTIS.
Reports and Publications
TOXIC EFFECTS OF OIL DISCHARGED FROM SHIPS
Frankenfeld, J. W., J. J. Elliott, R. E. Bentley, and
B. H. Sleight III. 1975.
Final report, Contract No. DOT-CG-51073-A. 132p.
Six selected petroleum products were studied to determine
their dissolution properties in water. Toxicity tests
were conducted on two fish and a brine shrimp using
dissolved and dispersed oils in water. The results are
critically reviewed and contrasted.
Information Source:
S. M. Fruh, Exxon Research and Engineering
Co., P. 0. Box 8, Linden, NJ 07036
R-017-77
STUDIES TO DEFINE THE EFFECTS OF REFINERY WASTES AND OIL
TRANSFER FACILITIES ON PACIFIC NORTHWEST MARINE COASTAL
ECOSYSTEMS
Vanderhorst, J. R., R. M. Beam, and
E. A. Crecelius
Battelle Memorial Institute, P. 0.
Box 999, Richland, WA 99352
U.S. Energy Research and Oev
Biomedical and Environmental
Principal Investigators:
Performing Organization
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Administration
Research
Division. Contract
7/75 to 6/76
E(45-l)-1830
206
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The program will survey the marine communities at three sites
to augment the data base that now exists for the Cherry Point-
Anacortes region on the effects of refinery wastes; provide
baseline data for the Port Angeles region; and develop baseline
data for a region similar to the above areas but not likely to
receive refinery wastes, products or crude oil contamination.
[SSIE No. ZPE-11376]
For Reports and Publications see R-212-74, p. 217.
R-018-77
THE EFFECTS OF SPECIFIC MONOAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON DIFFERENT
LIFE STAGES OF MARINE ORGANISMS, PRIMARILY MARINE FIN FISHES
Principal Investigator: Whipple, J. A. (formerly Struhsaker)
Performing Organization: National Marine Fisheries Service,
NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Center,
Tiburon Laboratory, 3150 Paradise
Dr., Tiburon, CA 94920
Supporting Agency: National Oceanic and Atmoshperic
Administration
Period: 1973 to 1976
Reports and Publications
GAS CHROMATOGRAPH TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENT OF MONO-
AROMATICS
Benville, Jr., P. E. In preparation.
THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF SIX MONO-CYCLIC AROMATICS TO
STRIPED BASS (MORONE SAXATILIS) AND BAY SHRIMP (CRAGO SP.)
Benville, Jr., P. E., and S. Korn.
California Fish & Game Bulletin. In press.
The TLso's °f benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene.,
m-xylene, and o-xylene ranged from 5.8 to 11 jjl/1 (ppm)
for striped bass and from 0.49 to 20 yl/1 for bay shrimp.
Solubilities of these aromatics determined by gas chroma-
tography were high enough to be lethal to striped bass
and bay shrimp. The toxic effect of the aromatics was
more latent in shrimp than in fish as demonstrated by
the difference in the 24- and 96-hr tests.
A SIMPLE APPARATUS FOR METERING VOLATILE LIQUIDS INTO WATER
Benville, Jr., P. E., and S. Korn. 1973.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31(3):
367-368.
"A metering device was developed to introduce benzene,
toluene, xylene, and 1,2,4, trimethylbenzene vapors into
water using air as a carrier gas. Setting the carrier
207
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gas flows for the respective aromatics at 10, 25, 120 and
500 cm3/min for 2h resulted in concentrations of 8.2,
13.0, 12.0, and 7.2 yl/liter, respectively, in 4 liters
of water. The aromatic concentrations were maintained
in a statis system by bubbling air through the water, and
in a continuous flow system by replenishing the water."
RESPIRATORY RESPONSE OF JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON AND STRIPED
BASS EXPOSED TO BENZENE, A WATER-SOLUBLE COMPONENT OF CRUDE
OIL SPILLS
Brocksen, R. W., and H. T. Bailey. 1973.
Joint Conference on the Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, Washington, D. C., 1973. No. 4172. p.783-791.
Exposure to sublethal doses of benzene for periods up to
48 hours increased the respiratory rate 115%. Longer
exposure casued a decrease due to a reversible narcotic
state.
UPTAKE AND DEPURATION OF 14C BENZENE IN THE ROTIFER,
BRANCHIONUS PLICATILUS
Echeverria, T. Submitted for review.
FATE OF 14C-BENZENE (AN AROMATIC HYDROCARBON OF CRUDE OIL)
IN A SIMPLE FOOD CHAIN OF ROTIFERS AND PACIFIC HERRING
Eldridge, M. B., and T. Echeverria. 1977.
To be presented at the Meeting of the American Fisheries
Society, Feb., 1977.
FATE OF 14C_BENZENE IN PACIFIC HERRING (CLUPEA HARENGUS
PALLAS I) EGGS, YOLK SAC LARVAE, AND FEEDING LARVAE
Eldridge, M. B., T. Echeverria, and S. Korn. Submitted
for review.
RELATIVE UPTAKE RATES OF LOW LEVELS OF 14c BENZENE FROM
ROTIFERS AND WATER COLUMN—PACIFIC HERRING LARVAE
Eldridge, M. B., T. Echeverria, and S. Korn. In preparation,
EFFECTS OF META-XYLENE (A WATER-SOLUBLE COMPONENT OF CRUDE
OIL) ON EMBRYOS AND LARVAE OF PACIFIC HERRING
Eldridge, M. B., J. A. Struhsaker, and T. tcheverria.
Submitted for review.
208
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EFFECTS OF MONO-AROMATICS ON ENERGY UTILIZATION OF PACIFIC
HERRING EGGS, EMBRYOS, LARVAE
Eldridge, M. B., J. A. Struhsaker, and T. Echeverria.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. In
press.
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF MONO-AROMATICS IN
OUTBOARD ENGINE GASOLINE
Hirsch, N., P. E. Benville, Jr., and Obrebski.
First draft manuscript complete.
SEMI-CLOSED SEAWATER SYSTEM WITH AUTOMATIC SALINITY,
TEMPERATURE, AND TURBIDITY CONTROL
Korn, S. 1975.
NOAA Technical report, National Marine Fisheries Service,
SSRF-694. 5p.
Summary not available.
THE EFFECTS OF BENZENE ON THE GROWTH, FAT CONTENT, AND
CALORIC CONTENT OF STRIPED BASS ( MORON E SAXATILIS.)
Korn, S., J. A. Struhsaker, and P. E. Benville, Jr. 1976.
Fishery Bulletin 74:694-698.
Experiments were conducted to determine if sublethal
levels of benzene, although not inducing death, would
inhibit energy utilization by striped bass. Definite
effects of benzene on growth parameters were noted at
6.0- and 3.5 ul/1 levels of benzene. Although the fish
may be able to adapt by metabolic detoxification and
depuration of benzene, after more prolonged periods the
competetive effects on energy utilization may not only
decrease growth but also increase mortality or reduce
ability to withstand environmental stress.
UPTAKE, DISTRIBUTION AND DEPURATION OF ]4C BENZENE AND
14C TOLUENE IN PACIFIC HERRING (CLUPEA PALLASI)
Korn, S., N. Hirsch, and J. A. Struhsaker. 1977.
Fishery Bulletin. (January issue),
Summary not available.
209
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UPTAKE, DISTRIBUTION AND DEPURATION OF 14c BENZENE IN
NORTHERN ANCHOVY (ENGRAULIS MORDAX) AND STRIPED BASS
(MORONE SAXATILIS)
Korn, S., N. Hirsch, and J. A. Struhsaker. 1976.
Fishery Bulletin 74(3):531-551.
The two species of marine fish were exposed to sublethal
concentrations of l^c-benzene for 48 hours, and residues
in tissues exhibiting a high lipid content or representing
apparent major metabolic sites were measured during and
after exposure. Fish exhibited a rapid uptake over a
wide range of benzene concentrations in the water column.
Accumulation in anchovy was considerably greater than in
striped bass. Results indicate that the pathway of
hydrocarbons through the liver, gallbladder, intestine,
and colon is a major depuration route. Residues were
depurated rapidly after exposure; in striped bass most
residues were undetectable by seven days.
THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF BENZENE, A COMPONENT OF CRUDE OIL
Meyerhoff, R. D. 1975.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32(10):
1864-1866.
The acute toxicity of benzene to 1.5 + 0.5 gm juvenile
striped bass was studied in a continuous flow laboratory
bioassay system. The lethal threshold concentration and
the 96-hr LCso for benzene were both 10.9 yl/1, when the
environmental conditions were at 17.4Cand 29 ppt salinity.
Possible toxic mechanisms are discussed.
EFFECTS OF BENZENE (A TOXIC COMPONENT OF CRUDE OIL) ON
SPAWNING PACIFIC HERRING
Struhsaker, J. A. 1977.
Fishery Bulletin. (January issue).
Summary not available.
REVIEW PAPER ON THE EFFECTS OF MONO-AROMATICS ON FISH
Struhsaker, J. A.
First draft manuscript complete.
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EFFECTS OF BENZENE (A WATER-SOLUBLE COMPONENT OF CRUDE
OIL) ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF PACIFIC HERRING AND NORTHERN
ANCHOVY
Struhsaker, J. A. , M. B. Eldn'dge, and T. Echevern'a.
1974.
Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms. F. J.
Vernberg, and W. B. Vernberg (eds.).
New York, Academic Press, 1974. p.253-284.
Eggs and larvae of herring and anchovy were exposed to
benzene for longer than 24 hours and up to seven days.
Egg survival decreased, the number of abnormal larvae
increased, and larval respiration increased. In the
herring, larval development decreased but anchovy develop-
ment accelerated. The LC5Q value of benzene for the
anchovy eggs was 20-25 ppm.
R-019-77
TRANSPORT, RETENTION AND EFFECTS OF TOXIC PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
IN EXPERIMENTAL FOOD CHAINS
Principal Investigator: Whipple, J. A. (formerly Struhsaker)
Performing Organization: National Marine Fisheries Service,
NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Center,
Tiburon Laboratory, 3150 Paradise Dr.,
Tiburon, CA 94920
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Interior,
Bureau of Land Management
Period: 6/76 to 1979
The investigator proposes to conduct a series of laboratory
experiments to determine the physiological, histological, and
morphological effects at certain chronic and acute concentra-
tions of petroleum components. By exposing marine organisms
at time of reproduction, estimates of effects on populations
can be derived. Part of a benthic community food chain will
be studied so that prediction of potential effects of food
chain accumulation and effects at a community level will be
possible. For the first 18 months, starry flounder (Platichthys
stellatus), Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), and razor clam
(Siliqua patula) are to be studied. Data obtained from the
project will be used to forecast damage to the marine biota
in areas of proposed offshore oil development, and to develop
a priori recommendations before development ensues.
Status: Work is currently underway, and the first formal
manuscripts should be available sometime in Calendar year 1977.
Information Source: J. A. Whipple, Southwest Fisheries Center,
Tiburon Laboratory, 3150 Paradise Dr.,
Tiburon, CA 94920
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2. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
R-020-77
THE ECONOMICS OF PROHIBITING OIL DUMPING AT SEA
Principal Investigator: Heaver, T. D.
Performing Organization: University of British Columbia, 2075
Wesbrook PI., Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1W5, Canada
Supporting Agency: University of British Columbia
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The research objectives are to estimate the cost of prohibiting
the dumping of oil at sea and to indicate the distribution of
the costs.
[SSIE No. BI-100246]
Status: A monograph is forthcoming in the spring of 1977.
Information Source: T. D. Heaver, University of British, 2075
Wesbrook PI., Vancouver, British Columbia
V6T 1W5, Canada
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3. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-085-74
THE SEDIMENT ENVIRONMENT OF PORT VALDEZ, ALASKA AND THE EFFECT
OF OIL ON THIS ECOSYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Feder, H. M.
Performing Organization: University of Alaska, School of
Biological Sciences, College, AL
99701
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development.
No. 800944
Period: 7/72 to 6/74
The project proposes to obtain baseline information concerning
the mudflat ecosystems of Port Valdez by studying the physical,
chemical and biological characteristics of the sediments. The
effects of Prudhoe Bay crude oil on these parameters will be
examined.
[SSIE No. GMA-1548]
Reports and Publications
THE SEDIMENT ENVIRONMENT OF PORT VALDEZ, ALASKA: THE
EFFECT OF OIL ON THIS ECOSYSTEM
Feder, H. M., L. M. Cheek, P. Flanagan, S. C. Jewett,
M. H. Johnston, A. S. Naidu, S. A. Norrell, A. 0. Paul,
A. Scarborough, and D. Shaw. 1976.
Final report, EPA-600/3-76-086; Contract R800944 02-0.
348p.
In the title investigation, physical, geological, geochemical,
hydrocarbon, and biological features were examined. Bacterial
populations were unaffected by single applications of up to
2000 ppm of Prudhoe Bay crude oil or chronic exposures.
Three species of copepods exposed to oil in the field
significantly increased in density in experimentally oiled
plots. In studies of oil uptake and release in intertidal
sediments and in the clam, Macpma balthica, petroleum was
not detectable two months after application to sediments.
A significant increase in mortality was noted for M. balthica
exposed to oil. It is suggested that this widely distributed
clam may be a valuable indicator for oil.
213
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R-021-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF NORTHERN PUGET SOUND AND THE
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA
Principal Investigator: Harris, H. S.
Performing Organization: Environmental Research Laboratories,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, 3711 15th Ave.,
N.E. , Seattle, WA 98105
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Period: 9/75 to 9/80 (est.)
The project is designed to provide the ecological data required
for making management decisions concerning regional development
and for assessing the potential impact of petroleum hydrocarbons
on the ecosystem. Output products will include: description of
existing ecological and environmental conditions, the present
occurrence and variability of petroleum related pollutants, a
state-of-art oil spill trajectory model for northern Puget
Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca, and an ecosystem model to
provide prediction of fate and effects of selected pollutants
on components of the marine ecosystem.
Status: The investigators have just completed their first
year of work and are preparing reports to the supporting agency.
These reports, as well as papers and presentations, will become
available in 1977.
Information Source: H. S. Harris, Environmental Research
Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, 3711 15th Ave.,
N.E. , Seattle, WA 98105
214
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D. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIODEGRADATION
R-300-75 (renewal)
BIODEGRATION OF OIL IN SOIL
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Sun Ventures Inc., 240 Rodnor
Chester Rd., Wayne, PA 19087
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute. No.
OS-21.3
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Methods are being developed to speed up biodegradation of crude
oils and crankcase oils; and determinations are being made of
the possible detrimental effects of oil disposal, including
waste lube oils, by the land spreading process. Sites for the
disposal process include Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania; Tulsa,
Oklahoma; and Corpus Christi, Texas.
Status: Preparation of soil plots and application of oils
(100 bbls/acre) and fertilizers were completed in January,
1974. After eight months the following decomposition of oil
by weight was noted: heavy Arabian crude, 38%; service station
waste crankcase oils, 57%; diesel truck waste crankcase oils,
49%; Gulf Coast crude mix, 49%; No. 6 fuel oil, 39%; No. 2
fuel oil, 79%.
[SSIE No. PAP-131-1]
Reports and Publications
BIODEGRADATION OF HIGH-OCTANE GASOLINE
Jamison, V.W., R.L. Raymond, and J.O. Hudson. 1976.
International Biodegradation Symposium, 3rd, 1976.
J.M. Sharpley and A.M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking, Essex,
England, Applied Science Publishers, 1976. p. 187-196.
Groundwater contaminated with gasoline was treated with
fertilizer to enhance biodegradation. Cultures isolated
from the groundwater were evaluated for their ability to
degrade gasoline. Several components did not appear to
be utilized for growth, which raises the question of
whether complete degradation of the gasoline is possible.
215
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BIODEGRADATION OF HIGH-OCTANE GASOLINE IN GROUNDWATER
Jamison, V.W., R.L. Raymond, and J.O. Hudson, Jr. 1975.
Developments in Industrial Microbiology 16:305-312.
Microbial degradation was studied as a possible means
of removing the remaining gasoline in the contaminated water
supply of Amber, Pennsylvania, after a gasoline pipeline
leak. Laboratory studies showed there was a small microbial
population that could utilize high-octane gasoline as the
sole carbon source, but nitrogen, phosphate and oxygen were
limiting factors for maximum utilization. Results of
analyses of the water after the addition of fertilizer
and air to several wells are discussed.
OIL DEGRADATION IN SOIL
Raymond, R.L., J. 0. Hudson, and V.W. Jamison. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(4) :522-535.
The biodegradation of six oils was studied at three
widely separated geographical locations to determine the
environmental effects of adding petroleum products to
field soil. Concentrations had decreased significantly
from the initial application of the previous year and the
rate of degradation did not exceed 2.4 m-^/4 x 10 rrr per
month. Plant growth was inhibited and no oil loss was
observed via water movement in the soil.
Information Source: R.L. Raymond, Suntech, Inc., P. 0. Box
1135, Marcus Hook, PA 19061
216
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2. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
R-076-74 (renewal)
TRANSFER OF PETROLEUM RESIDUES IN SARGASSUM COMMUNITIES AND THE
WATERS OF THE SARGASSO SEA
Principal Investigator: Butler, J.N., and B.F. Morris
Performing Organization: Bermuda Biological Station for Research,
St. George, St. George West, Bermuda
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Ocean Sciences. No.
OCE76-15133
Period: 6/76 to 10/77
Funds: $52,400
Work proposed here includes: laboratory studies of rates and
pathways of petroleum residue degradation and dispersion;
efforts to further quantify the relative amounts of dissolved,
particular and adsorbed hydrocarbon in the water column; estimates
of some poorly known fluxes of open-ocean hydrocarbons; and
carbon content of Sargassum organisms (hydrocarbons absorbed
in the tissues vs.hydrocarbons passing through the gut).
[SSIE No. GSN-838-4]
R-212-74 (renewal)
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL AND OIL COMPOUNDS ON MARINE COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
Principal Investigator: Vanderhorst, J.R., R.M. Bean,
J.W. Blaylock, and L.J. Moore
Performing Organization: Battelle Memorial Institute, P. 0.
Box 999, Richland, WA 99352
Supporting Agency: U.S. Energy Research and Development
Administration, Biomedical and Environ-
mental Research Division
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
An integrated biological/chemical program is being conducted to
study the fate of oil components in marine environments and
their effects on biological community structure. Specific areas
of study include: acute, chronic and sublethal effects of oil
following its release to the environment; development of
analytical capability to identify and quantify the saturate
and aromatic compound types in water, sediments and biological
tissue; fate of petroleum in the water column as a function
of origin, dispersion, solubility and other parameters;
accumulation, retention, and subsequent transfer of oil com-
ponents by the food web; and fate of petroleum as influenced
by microbial degradation in the water column and sediments.
[SSIE No. ZPE-11024-1]
217
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Reports and Publications
CONTINUOUS-FLOW APPARATUS FOR USE IN PETROLEUM BIOASSAY
Vanderhorst, J. R., C. I. Gibson, L. J. Moore, and P.
Wilkinson. 1977.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
17(5). In press.
Summary not available.
THE ROLE OF DISPERSION IN FUEL OIL BIOASSAY
Vanderhorst, J. R., C. I. Gibson, and L. J. Moore. 19/6.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
15(1):93-100.
The research objective was to measure aqueous phase
concentrations of No. 2 fuel oil and mortality of coon
stripe shrimp (Pandalus aanae) when three different methods
of oil-seawater contact were used. In these methods,
identical volumes of oil and water resulted in significant
differences in observed mortality and measured amounts of
oil in the water column, either as total or soluble oil.
TOXICITY OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL TO COON STRIPE SHRIMP
Vanderhorst, J. R., C. I. Gibson, and L. J. Moore. 1976.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 7(6):106-108.
"Bioassay of a No. 2 fuel oil dispersion with shrimp in
a continuous flow system using measured waterborne oil
as the indicator of oil concentrations reveals a treat-
ment more definable than those previously described in terms
of volume ratios and produces lower lethal concentrations.
Shrimp 96-h LC5Q was 0.8 mg/1 in this study as compared
to values from 1.5 to 50 mg/1 reported for other methods.
Mean concentrations in tests do net give significant
differences in concentration with respect to day of the
test or spatial distribution in the exposure tanks."
Information Source:
J. R. Vanderhorst, Battelle Pacific
Northwest Division, Marine Research
Laboratory, Route 5, Box 1000, Sequim,
WA 98382
218
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R-270-74
SOURCE, TRANSPORT AND FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE
EFFLUENT
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Quinn, J.G.
University of
Oceanography,
Kingston, R.I.
Rhode Island, School of
Administration Bldg.,
02881
U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
7/75 to 6/76
Research has been conducted to measure the input and determine the
source of petroleum hydrocarbons entering the Providence River
from the Field's Point Treatment Plant sewage effluent. The
association of petroleum hydrocarbons with humic-like substances
in sewage effluent, suspended matter, and sediments from the
Providence River and upperNarragansett Bay is also being in-
vestigated.
[SSIE No. GBP-1577-1]
R-022-77
COASTAL SEDIMENTOLOGY
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Clifton, H.E.
U.S. Department of the Interior,
Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield
Menlo Park, CA 94025
U.S. Department of the Interior,
Rd.
Geological Survey,
No. 9460-00984
7/75 to 6/76
Geological Division.
Included in the project plans are facies analysis of estuarine
deposits ; a study of sand transport in the estuarine system of
Willapa Bay, Washington; studies of the hydrodynamic effects of
waves on sedimentation and the mechanics of beach sedimentation;
research on the distribution of spilled oil in nearshore
systems and the physical and chemical changes in oil attendant
with beach and nearshore processes; and studies of nearshore
sedimentation of the coast of Alaska and the effect of storm
surges. The results of coastal reconnaissance of the Bering
Sea from the previous year will be analyzed and compiled for
publication
[SSIE No. ZUA-3981]
Status: Present studies of oil in the beach-nearshore system
are just beginning.
Information Source: H.F. Clifton, U.S. Department of the
Interior, Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield
Rd. , Menlo Park", CA 94025
219
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SECTION III: CURRENT CONFERENCES
*Additional information not available at time of publication
Oct. 5-8 Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Annual Meeting,
35th, Williamsburg, Virginia, 1976.
The meeting dealt primarily with regional fisheries
management.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
First General Session
COMPATIBILITY OF OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT AND FISHING
ON THE ATLANTIC SEABOARD, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE
TO SOUTHEASTERN U.S. CONTINENTAL SHELF
Johnston, J. B.
DCS oil leasing policies of the U.S. Bureau of Land
Management are outlined. Changes over the last decade
in leasing procedures which are relevant to environmental
protection, especially fisheries resources, are detailed.
Possible adverse and positive impacts of OCS oil develop-
ment on offshore, nearshore, and onshore fisheries
resources are briefly reviewed.
FFI contact the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission,
1717 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20036,
Oct. 18-81 Petroleum Section Session of the 1976 National Safety
Congress, Chicago, Illinois, 1976.
Oil Pollution Related Discussion and Workshop Sessions
Session 137: Exploration, Drilling and Production,
and Offshore
Stegall, D. E., presiding
SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF
Benkert, W. M., and R. W. Vaughan
OFFSHORE SAFETY-IN HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS
Klunick, C. H.
OFFSHORE DRILLING AND ITS SAFETY PROBLEM
Goolsby, B.
FFI contact Hal Yurttas, Section Administrator, National
Safety Council, 425 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611.
220
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Nov. 2-3 Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop, 3rd, Halifax, Nova
Scotia, 1976.
Sponsored by the Toxicity Evaluation Section of the
Environmental Protection Service, Environment Canada
(Atlantic Region).
The theme of the workshop was entitled, Bioassay Protocols:
Standardization and Analysis
Oil Pollution Relevant Papers
Session 3
AN EVALUATION OF DEATH BY HYPOXIA AS AN INDICATOR OF
TOXICITY OF OIL DISPERSANTS
Payne, J. F. , and J. W. Kiceniuk
Commercial oil spill dispersants were tested to evaluate
the possibility of a correlation between their toxicity
and oxygen tension after death by hypoxia. Most disper-
sants did not change the oxygen tension at death of a
pelagic marine fish, Ma Hot us vil losus, even at concen-
trations of 2000-2500 ppm. It is concluded that oxygen
tension after death by hypoxia may not be a reliably
sensitive indicator for general use in toxicity studies.
FFI regarding proceedings contact Ms. Cheryl Sawler,
Secretary, Aquatic Toxicity Workshop Committee, Environmental
Protection Service, 5151 George Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia
B3J 1M5, Canada,
Nov. 8-10 Regional Marine Oil Pollution Conference - Australia,
Brisbane, Australia, 1976.
Sponsored by the Australian Government, Department of
Transport; the Australian Institute of Petroleum, Petroleum
Institute Environmental Conservation Executive; and the
Queensland Government, Department of Harbours and Marine.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 1
OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA-THE WORLDWIDE SCENE (keynote
address)
Smith, J. W.
For summary see Section I; C-0322-77.
221
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Session 2
TANKERS - SAFETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Dickson, A. F.
For summary see Section I; C-0128-77.
OFFSHORE ACTIVITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
McGill, S. R., and I. S. Spottiswood
For summary see Section I; C-0358-77.
OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP—APPLICATION OF EQUIPMENT AND METHODS
Brackley, P. G., and P. D. Holmes
For summary see Section I; C-0239-77.
Session 3
THE CURRENT STATE OF OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Horn, S. A.
For summary see Section I; C-0245-77.
THE SITUATION IN JAPAN
Yamaguchi, T.
For summary see Section I; C-0023-77.
MARINE OIL POLLUTION LEGISLATION—WESTERN EUROPE
Brackley, P. G., and C. T. Savin
For summary see Section I; C-0239-77.
Session 4
EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF OIL
SPILL DISPERSANTS
Gilmour, A. J., and D. Negilsky
For summary see Section I; C-0280-77.
EFFECTS OF OIL ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Baker, J. M.
For summary see Section I; C-0263-77.
MARINE POLLUTION--LEGAL AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS
Holmes, P. R.
For summary see Section I; C-0431-77.
FFI contact Mr. A. L. Matzkows, Secretary, Petroleum
Institute Environmental Conservation Executive, P. 0. Box
740, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia.
222
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Nov. 17-20 The Coastal Society Annual Conference, 2nd, New Orleans,
Louisiana, 1976.
The theme of the conference was "Stressed Coastal
Environments: Assessment and Future Action."
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session on Hydrocarbon Stress in Coastal Wetlands
OIL IN THE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT
Frey, G.
Sources of oil in the marine environment are reviewed.
Major inputs of oil result from urban runoff, discharge
from marine vessels of all kinds, and onshore and marine
seeps. Petroleum exploration and production in the
coastal zone are believed to account for only minor
pollution. Intense contamination of beaches and coastal
marshes along the Atlantic Coast and Gulf of Mexico,
which resulted from the many tanker sinkings during
World War II, are discussed.
PERMITS, RULES, REGULATIONS IN THE COASTAL ZONE
Clotworthy, H.
Federal and state environmental laws and EPA, Coast
Guard, and Corps of Engineers regulations covering
petroleum industry operations in coastal areas of
Louisiana are discussed beginning with the Rivers and
Harbors Act of 1899. The environmental requirements
and permits which must be followed in the drilling of
a wildcat well and construction of production facilities
are summarized.
PETROLEUM OPERATIONS IN THE LOUISIANA MARSH
St. Amant, L.
Petroleum operations in the Louisiana marsh are reviewed,
and the role of the Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries
Department is discussed.
FIELD STUDIES ON MARINE LIFE INHABITING AREAS OF CHRONIC
LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE TO PETROLEUM
Mertens, E. W.
Several field studies of the effects of offshore oil
production upon marine life are cited which suggest
that low-level chronic exposure to oil has little or no
measurable adverse health effects on local marine
communities, and that in some areas the abundance and
diversity of marine life has increased in the vicinity
of offshore platforms.
223
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OIL IN THE CALIFORNIA MARSHES
Straughan, D.
The effects of hydrocarbons from weathered oil on the
distribution and abundance of species in California
marshes are reported. The characteristics and origin
of the contaminant oil are the subject of an upcoming
study.
FFI contact Dr. James Coleman, Coastal Studies Institute,
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
:Nov. 23 One-day Symposium on Pollution Monitoring, London, 1976.
FFI contact H. L. Bennister, The Chemical Society,
Burlington House, London W1V OBN, England.
Nov. 28- American Institute of Chemical Engineers Annual Meeting,
Dec. 2 69th, Chicago, Illinois, 1976.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Symposium 6: Fundamental Research and Water Pollution
Control
Paper 6c
LEACHING RATES OF WATER SOLUBLE MATERIAL FROM RETORTED
OR BURNED OIL SHALE
Parker, H. W., R. M. Bethea, J. C. Watts, N. Guven,
and M. N. Gazdar
Small quantities of oil shale were experimentally
retorted at various temperatures and then used to deter-
mine aqueous leaching rates. The data are interpreted
and tentative conclusions regarding environmental
impacts of in situ oil shale retorting are presented.
Paper 6e
SOLVENT EXTRACTION FOR REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF ORGANICS
FROM REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATERS
Earhart, J. P., K. W. Won, H. Y. Wong, J. M. Prausnitz,
and C. J. King
Solvent extraction is evaluated for removal and recovery
of organic materials from refinery and petrochemical
wastewaters. Results are presented for removal of COD
and specific components from a number of different
industrial wastewaters.
224
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Symposium 24: Refinery Wastewater Treatment by Fixed
Film Reactor
Paper 24a
USE OF ROTATING BIOLOGICAL SURFACE (RBS) FOR REFINERY
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Flann, G. E., and R. E. Gerhard
Operational data of the EPCO-Hormel Rotating Biological
Surface, which is used in the treatment of petroleum
refinery wastewaters, are presented; a review of tests
in over 20 different refineries is included.
Paper 24b
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PHENOL TREATMENT BY PLASTIC MEDIA
TRICKLING FILTERS
Joyce, T. W.
Case histories of treatment of refinery wastewaters
containing phenol by plastic media trickling filters
are presented. Design criteria for the treatment of
high and low phenol concentrations are discussed.
Paper 24c
OPTIMUM APPLICATIONS OF FIXED FILM REACTORS IN WASTE
TREATMENT FLOWSHEETS
Richardson, S. E.
"The paper explores the advantages and limitations of
fixed film reactors, specifically as applicable to
refinery wastewater treatment. Economic, performance,
and physical characteristics are discussed on which to
base flowsheet selections for upgrading existing
facilities and new facility design."
Symposium 43: Refinery Wastewater Treatment by Granular
Media Filtration
Paper 43a
DUAL MEDIA FILTRATION FOR TREATMENT OF REFINERY WASTE-
WATER
Kempling, J. C., and J. Eng
"Experience of an Imperial Oil Refinery in the pilot
study of a dual media, gravity flow, filter on the
effluent of an API separator prior to secondary treat-
ment is related. Based on the pilot data, a dual-media
filter system was constructed to treat 6MGD/day. Data
from the first year of operation will be presented."
225
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PERFORMANCE OF DUAL MEDIA FILTERS ON REFINERY WASTEWATER
Lumpkins, B. J., and M. A. Brody
"Removal efficiencies of various wastewater parameters
are examined over a three year operating period at the
BP Oil Refinery at Marcus Hook, PA. Maintenance
requirements and systems reliability are presented
along with a physical description of the filter units
and their control system."
Paper 43e
PILOT SCALEUP RESULTS ON GRANULAR MEDIA FILTRATION
Lash, L.
"Suspended solids and oil are effectively removed from
wastewaters, such as oily discharges and biological
effluents, by granular media (G.M.) filtration. Oil
emulsions may require coagulation and flocculation for
complete removal. Existing refinery installations are
reviewed and scaleup factors investigated, leading to
practical sizing of G.M. filters."
FFI contact D. I. Wasan, Illinois Institute of Technology,
IIT Center, Chicago, IL 60616.
Dec. 1-3 American Chemical Society Southwest Regional Meeting, 32nd,
Fort Worth, Texas, 1976.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Division of Environmental Chemistry
Paper 12
ALIPHATIC HEAVY HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION IN THE BENTHIC
MACROEPIFAUNA OF THE SOUTH TEXAS OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
Giam, C. S., H. S. Chan, and G. S. Neff
A program of monitoring heavy hydrocarbon levels and
their distribution in the benthic macroepifauna of oil
exploration areas of the South Texas Outer Continental
Shelf initially focused on the acquisition of baseline
data for the r^ paraffins (014-34). Average concentrations
of the n paraffins were found to range from 0.06 ppm in
shrimp to 2.64 ppm in lizardfish; the paraffins were
characteristic of biogenic hydrocarbons.
226
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Paper 13
MOLECULAR AND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF LIGHT HYDROCARBON
GAS IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA REGION
Bernard, B. B., J. M. Brooks, and W. M. Sackett
High concentrations of dissolved light hydrocarbons
from natural and man-derived inputs are present in
Mississippi Delta waters. Petroleum refinery and
petrochemical plant waste waters contribute methane
containing up to 10% ethane and other light alkanes;
whereas biogenic gases forming in Delta sediments are
almost entirely methane and C02. Isotopic compositions
of the two types of methane also differ significantly.
Samples from various sites across the delta indicate
that man-derived alkanes comprise more than 80% of the
dissolved hydrocarbons in the river, and this component
is almost completely masked by biogenic methane in
Gulf waters.
Abstracts are available at $5 per set from Mr. Max Courtney,
Criminalistics Laboratory, Fort Worth Police Department,
1000 Throckmorton, Fort Worth, TX 76102.
*Dec. 1-6 International Symposium on Coastal Problems: Planning,,
Pollution, and Productivity, Salvador, Brazil, 1976.
FFI contact the Institute of Biology, Federal University
of Bahai, Ondina-Salvador 40,000, Bahia, Brazil.
*Dec. 7-9 International Offshore Technology Conference and Exhibition,
Birmingham, England, 1976.
Sponsored by the Institute of Petroleum, London, Society
of Underwater Technology, and others.
FFI contact the Institute of Petroleum,61 New Cavendish
St., London W1M 8AR, England.
*Dec. 13-18 International Workshop on Marine Pollution in the Caribbean
and Adjacent Regions, Trinidad, 1976.
FFI contact the Secretariat, Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission, UNESCO, Place de Fonteney 75700, Paris, France.
227
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Dec. 14-15 Workshop on Oil Spill Prevention and Clean-up Procedures,
Thunder Bay, Ontario, 1976.
The purpose of the workshop was to review current information
on oil spill prevention and clean-up procedures, with special
emphasis on the unique problems of Northern Ontario.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session - December 14
ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF SPILLS
Pitura, L. F.
The biological effects of spills and the effect of
subsequent clean-up action on aquatic organisms, wild-
life and the environment are noted. The positive and
negative aspects of the use of chemical oil spill
dispersants are discussed.
DYKING OF BULK STORAGE FACILITIES
Thornton, D.
Information on the state of the art on diking technology,
which is used in oil storage facilities, is presented.
Special reference is given to subarctic to arctic soil
conditions.
OIL RECOVERY UNITS
Solsberg, L.
The results of the 1976 Halifax small skimmer evaluation
program are discussed, including the efficiency of
skimmers when exposed to different petroleum products
and weather conditions.
CONTAINMENT PROCEDURES
Beckett, C. J.
The importance of oil spill containment cannot be
underestimated. Commercially available and home-made
barriers which are applicable for use in a small lake,
stream, or river situation are discussed.
SELECTION CRITERIA ON OIL SPILL SORBENTS
Solsberg, L.
Twenty types of sorbents were evaluated with respect
to performance and operation criteria when exposed to
different oil products. The interrelationship between
the effectiveness and unit cost for each material is
discussed.
228
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THE EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM SPILLS ON GROUNDWATER
Hore, R. C.
Methods to prevent and control groundwater pollution
as a result of an oil spill are discussed, including
detection and monitoring techniques.
CRITERIA FOR DISPOSAL
Wood, G. M.
Some of the parameters which influence the disposal
of oil and oil-contaminated materials from a spill
site are reviewed. Disposal practices that reduce
the possibility of re-entry of the oil into the
environment are noted.
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTER CLEAN-UP OPERATION
Logan, W. J.
An overview is presented of special operational problems
and difficulties encountered in spill cleanup procedures
under freezing conditions and/or ice-infested waters.
Session - December 15
ONTARIO CONTINGENCY PLAN
Belling, P. G.
The responsibilities of the polluter and co-signatory
departments are discussed, and the interrelationship
of all the proponents is rioted.
FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR RESPONDING TO SPILLS
Vanderkooy, N.
The commitments of the federal government in administering
the International Canada - U.S. Contingency Plan are
reviewed, and the responsibilities of a federal facility
in case of a spill occurring on its property are discussed.
ENERGY SAFETY BRANCH
Maclver, A. I.
This presentation covered the function or role of the
Energy Safety Branch, Ontario Ministry of Commercial and
Consumer Relations including the Gasoline Handling Act
and the Energy Act.
FFI contact Dr. N. Vanderkooy, Coordinator, Environmental
Protection Service, Environment Canada, 135 St. Clair Ave.
West, 2nd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M4V IP5, Canada.
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Dec. 15-17 Conference/Workshop on Baseline Research in Washington and
Oregon Relative to Offshore Resource Development, Portland,
Oregon, 1976.
Sponsored by the Research Triangle Institute of North
Carolina and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management.
The purpose of the conference/workshop sessions was to
(1) summarize available information necessary to understand
the environmental processes of the Continental Shelf of the
designated area; (2) provide predictions on environmental
effects of OCS oil and gas development in the designated
area based on available information; (3) identify areas
requiring additional studies of the environmental impacts
of OCS oil and gas development; and (4) formulate recommenda-
tions for a studies program that will help determine the
environmental impacts of drilling in the designated OCS
areas.
Oil Pollution Related Papers/Workshops
Plenary Session - December 15
FRAMEWORK FOR BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Monastero, F.
FWS ACTIVITIES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Watson, J.
NORTHWEST COASTAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF ERDA
Forster, W.
NOAA/NMFS ACTIVITIES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Hayes, M.
ERA'S ROLE, INTEREST, AND RESPONSIBILITIES WITH RESPECT
TO OCS DEVELOPMENT
Baumgardner, D.
COASTAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION NEEDS
Stang, P.
RESUME OF OFFSHORE OIL OPERATION
Scott, R.
STATE CONSIDERATIONS
Anon.
Workshop sessions held December 15-17 dealt with geological,
physical, chemical, and biological oceanography considerations,
FFI contact Dr. Martin F. Massoglia, Research Triangle
Institute of North Carolina, P. 0. BOX 12194, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709.
230
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1977
*Jan. 11-12 ASTM Symposium on Chemical Dispersants for the Control of
Oil Spills, Dallas, Texas, 1977.
FFI contact American Society for Testing and Materials,
1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
*Jan. 17- Workshop on Aquatic Pollution in Relation to Protection
Feb. 27 of Living Resources, Manila, The Philippines, 1977.
Sponsored by the Swedish International Development
Authority (SIDA), and the Food and Agriculture Organization.
FFI contact Dr. H. Naeve, FAO Department of Fisheries,
Via delle Terme di Caracal la, 00100 Rome, Italy.
Jan. 27-28 Marine Safety Seminar, Corpus Christi, Texas, 1977.
Sponsored by MSAT (Marine Services Association of Texas),
I.E.R.D. (Industrial Economics Research Division of Texas
A & M University), and Sea Grant/Center for Marine Resources,
Texas A & M University.
The purpose of the seminar is to allow industry leaders
and government officials to review, discuss and evaluate
marine safety programs, practices, regulations, and problems.
Offshore service boats, ships, diving, shipbuilding, and
offshore drilling operations are among the topics discussed.
Oil Pollution Related Discussion
Agency Panel Discussion
SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR THE MARINE/OFFSHORE INDUSTRY --
ESTABLISHMENT AND ENFORCEMENT
Alford, R., W. M. Benkert, J. M. Meagher, and R. B.
Krahl
FFI contact Mr. Dewayne Hoi 1 in, Conference Coordinator,
1200 South Post Oak Rd. , Suite 422, Houston, TX 77056.
*Mar. 8-10 International Symposium on Marine Pollution Research,
Gulf Breeze, Florida, 1976.
Sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?
Office of International Affairs.
FFI contact D. H. Ahearn, School of Arts, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA 30303,
231
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*Mar. 8-10 Conference on the Prevention, Control and Cleanup of Oil
Pollution, 5th, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1977.
Sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Coast Guard.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 1 - Legal Aspects
IMCO AND THE EVOLVING INTERNATIONAL SCHEME FOR
CONTROLLING MARINE POLLUTION
Schubert, F. P.
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS OF THE TANKER INDUSTRY
Gray, W. 0., C. J. Carven, and G. L. Becker
RECOVERING FOR MARINE LIFE DAMAGE: LEGAL ASPECTS OF
ALLOCATING SOCIAL COSTS AND PROTECTING PUBLIC INTERESTS
Merck, J. P., and R. E. Lutz
OIL SPILL LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION—THE SUPERFUND
CONCEPT '
Reynolds, J. J.
Session 2 - Fast Current Equipment
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH CURRENT STREAMLINED OIL BOOM/
SKIMMER FOR INLAND WATERWAYS
Folsom, B. A., and C. Johnson
HYDRODYNAMICS OF A DIVERSIONARY BOOM
McCracken, W. E., and F. J. Freestone
USE OF FLOATING DEFLECTORS FOR OIL SPILL CONTROL IN
FAST FLOWING WATERS
Eryuzly, N. E., and R. Hausser
PERFORMANCE TESTS OF THREE FAST CURRENT OIL RECOVERY
DEVICES
Getman, J. H.
Session 3 - Weathering of Spilled Oil
FATE OF CRUDE OIL SPILLED IN A SIMULATED ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT
MacGregor, C., and A. Y. McLean
PERSISTENCE OF NON-ALKANE COMPONENTS OF BUNKER C OIL
IN BEACH SEDIMENTS OF CHEDABUCTO BAY, AND LACK OF THEIR
METABOLISM BY MOLLUSCS
Vandermuelen, J. H., P. D. Keizer, and W. R. Penrose
232
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SURFACE PERSISTENCE OF CRUDE OIL SPILLED ON LAND AND
ITS TRANSPORT IN GROUNDWATER
Duffy, J. J., E. Peake, and M. F. Mohtadi
THE FATE OF PETROLEUM IN A SOIL ENVIRONMENT
CreswelI, L. W.
Session 4 - Chesapeake Bay Spills
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL OIL SPILLS ON
EASTERN COASTAL PLAIN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS
Bender, M. E., E. A. Shearls, R. P. Ayres, C. H.
Hershner, and R. J. Huggett
CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF TWO EXPERIMENTAL OIL SPILLS
IN AN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM
Bieri, R.H. ,C. Stamoudis, and M. K. Cueman
THE CHESAPEAKE BAY OIL SPILL OF FEBRUARY 2, 1976 --
A CASE HISTORY
Roland, J. V., G. E. Moore, and M. A. Bellanca
EFFECTS OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY OIL SPILL OF FEBRUARY 2,
1976 ON SALT MARSHES OF THE LOWER BAY
Hershner, C., and K. Moore
Session 5 - Spill Prevention and Cooperatives
SPILL PREVENTION AND COOPERATIVES PLANNING: GOOD
MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
Clark, D. A.
PREVENTING OIL SPILLS IN THE WEST COAST FOREST INDUSTRY
Melville, L., and P. Hamm
U.S. NAVY R&D EFFORTS IN SUPPORT OF OIL POLLUTION
ABATEMENT STRATEGIES
Hura, M., and S. Finger
THE STORY OF A SUCCESSFUL OIL SPILL COOPERATIVE —
THE CORPUS CHRISTI AREA OIL SPILL CONTROL ASSOCIATION
Franklin, H. L.
WHAT CONSTITUTES A GOOD TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM FOR
OIL SPILL CLEANUP
Pearce, R. B.
Session 6 - Booms and Skimmers
SURFACE ENHANCEMENT - BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER
Wilson, J. E.
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FRENCH OIL SPILL POLICY- THE RECOVERY PHASE
Guerin, P., and J. Pinchon
SOCK - AN OIL SKIMMING KIT FOR VESSELS OF CONVENIENCE
Ayers, R. R.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL SPILL RECOVERY SHIP
Uchida, S., H. Takeshita, and Y. Seike
COMBINED SKIMMER-BARRIER HIGH SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Mil gram, J.H. andR. A. Griffiths
Session 7 - Dispersants
THE CONCENTRATIONS OF OIL IN SEA WATER RESULTING FROM
NATURAL AND CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISPERSION OF OIL SLICKS
Cormack, D., and J. S. Nichols
NEW CONCEPT OF OIL DISPERSION IN VIEW OF CLEAN-UP BY
DEGRADATION
Bocard, C., B. Durif-Varambon, C. Gatellier, P.
Renault, P. Laboureur, and L. Person
SOME RECENT OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE UNIQUE CHARACTER-
ISTICS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF-MIX CHEMICAL DISPERSANTS
Canevari, G. P.
DISPERSANT FIELD TRIALS IN CANADIAN WATERS
Gill, S.
UTILIZATION OF DISPERSANTS IN OFFSHORE AREAS
Fitzgerald, D. E.
RECOMMENDED CRITERIA FOR DISPERSANT USE
McCarthy, L. T., Jr.
TECHNIQUES FOR MIXING DISPERSANT TREATED OIL SLICKS
INTO THE WATER
Smith, G. F., and W. E. McCracken
Session 8 - Monitoring Equipment
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL IN WATER CONTENT MONITOR
Hornig, A. W., J. T. Brownrigg, B. R. Chisholm, L. P.
Giering, and R. L. Skewes
LIGHT SCATTERING TECHNIQUES FOR DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN
OIL AND PARTICULATES IN CONTAMINATED WATER
Friedman, B.
DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF A SHIPBOARD CONTINUOUS ON-LINE
OIL-IN-WATER CONTENT MONITOR USING FORWARD (LASER) LIGHT
SCATTERING TECHNIQUES
Batutis, E. F., and R. L. Skewes
234
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MONITORING OIL CONTENT IN SHIPBOARD WASTE WATER DISCHARGES
BY USE OF A MULTI-PHASE DYE TRANSFER PROCESS
Ricci,R,J.,and A. M. Kelley
EXPERIENCE IN MONITORING THE OIL CONTENT OF BALLAST WATER
BEING DISCHARGED BY TANKERS
Fleming, K. and J. P. P. Dick
QUANTIFICATION OF NAVY OILS IN DETERGENT LADEN WATERS
Yu, T. S.
Session 9 - Financial Aspects
SUMMARY OF DATA AND TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTING OIL SPILLS
Beyer, A. H. and L. J. Painter
CONTROLLING POLLUTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: AN
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Epple, D., M. Visscher, W. A. Wallace, and J. W. Wilkinson
PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE RECOVERY OF OIL POLLUTION
REMOVAL COSTS
Johnston, H. N., Jr.
A MODEL FOR THE COSTING OF OIL SPILL CLEARANCE OPERATIONS
AT SEA
Holmes, P. D.
SLIKTRAK - A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF OFFSHORE OIL SPILLS
AND THEIR COST
Blaikley, D. R., G. F. L. Dietzel, A. W. Glass, and
P. J. van Kleef
Session 10 - Debris, Disposal and Land Spills
EFFECTIVELY RECOVERING OIL SPILLS TO GROUNDWATER
Dennis, D- M.
DISCOVERY, CONTAINMENT AND RECOVERY OF A JET FUEL
STORAGE TANK LEAK - A CASE HISTORY
Martin, C., D. Reeves, A. Talts, and J. Bauer
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OIL SPILL DEBRIS DISPOSAL
Farlow, J. S., R. Landreth, and D. E. Ross
DEBRIS HANDLING SYSTEM FOR NAVY HARBOR OIL SPILL CLEANUP
OPERATIONS
Nadeau, P. F.
BLACK OIL DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES
Wise, N. and P. A. Brunk
235
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Session 11 - Fate and Effects (General)
RESEARCH PRIORITIES REGARDING THE FATE OF SPILLED OIL
Kolpack, R. L.
A REVIEW OF SOME COMMONLY USED PARAMETERS FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF OIL POLLUTION
Gruenfeld, M., and U. Frank
PHOTO-OXIDATION OF CRUDE OILS
Nagata, S., and G. Kondo
RESPONSES OF THE CLAM MACQMA BALTHICA TO PRUDHOE BAY
CRUDE OIL
Shaw, D. G. , A. J. Paul, and E. R. Smith
EFFECTS OF DRILL MUD ON SEDIMENT CLEARING RATES OF
CERTAIN HERMATYPIC CORALS
Thompson, J. H., and T. J. Bright
THE EFFECTS OF PELAGIC HYDROCARBONS ON THE ROCKY
INTERTIDAL FLORA AND FAUNA OF BERMUDA
Maynard, N. G., C. D. Gebelein, and A. Zsolnay
Session 12 - Monitoring Techniques and Applications
BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS IN INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES
Zsolnay, A., N. G. Maynard, and C. D. Gebelein
A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE FOR
ESTIMATING CRUDE OIL IN HATER, SEDIMENT AND BIOLOGICAL
MATERIAL
Miles, D.H., M.J. Coign, and L. R. Brown
PETROLEUM AND ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE ON THE COMPOSITION
OF SEDIMENTS FROM THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT
Reed, W. E., I. R. Kaplan, M. Sandstrom, and P. Mankiewicz
THE COAST GUARD'S FORENSIC OIL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Clow, J. C.
FEASIBILITY OF CONTINUOUS MONITORING FOR OIL POLLUTION
ACROSS CHANNELS AND RIVERS
Rambie, G. S. Jr., R. H. Morgan, and D. R. Jones
THE DETECTION AND MAPPING OF OIL ON A MARSHY AREA BY
A REMOTE LUMINESCENT SENSOR
McFarlane, C. and R. D. Watson
236
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Session 13 - Training
A WORKSHOP FOR DEFINING ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN
OIL SPILL RESPONSE
Putman, W. H.
A BAD DAY AT BUNKER POINT
Marcus, E.
HIATUSPORT - AN ON-SCENE COORDINATOR ROLE PLAYING
EXERCISE
Kangeter, E. B., Ill
CONSORTIUM ON SPILL TRAINING
Kay, G. H.
OIL SPILL CONTROL TRAINING: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY'S
APPROACH
Payne, J. L.
THE SPILL TRAINING AND EDUCATION PROGRAM AT TEXAS A&I -
CORPUS CHRISTI
Gil Christ, R. E.
Session 14 - Cold Climate
OIL SLICK SPREADING BENEATH A UNIFORM ICE COVER IN THE
PRESENCE OF A CURRENT
Weiskopf, F. B., and M. S. Uzuner
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARCTIC OIL SPILL RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR
ARCTIC OPERATIONS
Scharfenstein, C. F., and M. G. Hoard
A FIELD EVALUATION OF OIL SPILL RECOVERY DEVICES
Solsberg, L. B.
THE APPLICATION OF EXISTING OIL SPILL ABATEMENT TO
COLD REGIONS
Schultz, L. A., and P. C. Deslauriers
ARCTIC OFFSHORE OIL SPILL COUNTERMEASURES WITH EMPHASIS
ON AN OIL AND GAS BLOWOUT IN THE SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA
Thornton, D. E., S. L. Ross, W. J. Logan, and C. W. Ross
UNDERWATER BLOWOUT OIL COLLECTION
Westergaard, R. H.
237
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Session 15 - Effects on Marine Organisms
A CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY SYSTEM FOR THE EXPOSURE OF
MARINE ORGANISMS TO OIL
Hyland, J. L., P. F. Rogerson, and G. R. Gardner
FLOW-THROUGH SYSTEM FOR CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF AQUATIC
ORGANISMS TO SEAWATER-SOLUBLE HYDROCARBONS FROM CRUDE
OIL: CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATIONS
Roubal , W. T.. 0. H. Bovee, T. K. Collier, and S. I.
Stranahan
EFFECTS OF A CONTINUOUS LOW-LEVEL NO. 2 FUEL DISPERSION
ON LABORATORY-HELD INTERTIDAL COLONIES
Vanderhorst, J. R. . R. M. Bean, L. J. Moore, P. Wilkinson,
C. I. Gibson, and J. W. Blaylock
THE SUBLTTHAL EFFECTS OF NATURAL CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO
PETROLEU^ ON MARINE INVERTEBRATES
Straughan, D.
THE EFFECTS CF CRUDE OIL ON LARVAE OF LOBSTER HOMARUS
.
Forns, J. M.
SENSITIVITY CF LARVAL AND ADULT ALASKAN SHRIMP AND
CRABS TO ACUTE EXPOSURES OF THE WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION
OF COCK INLET CRUDE OIL
Rroderser, C. C. , S. D. Rice, J. W. Short, T. A.
Mecklenburg, and 0. F. Karinen
Session 16 - Surveillance/Enforcement
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF REAL AND SYNTHETIC APERTURE
RADARS FOR THE DETECTION OF OIL POLLUTION IN THE SANTA
BARBARA CHANNEL
Kraus, S. P., J. E. Estes, and R. R. Vollmers
CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE OIL MONITORING EQUIPMENT
Uright, •:. A.
SATELLITE SENTINEL FOR OIL SPILLS IN 1978?
liovis, W. A., and D. R. Jones
U. S. COAST GUARD AIRBORNE OIL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
STATUS REPORT
Maurer, A. T., A. T. Edyerton, and D. C. Meeks
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS IN SUPPORT OF OIL SPILL
CLEANUP, CONTROL, AND PREVENTION
Jones, D. , R. Landers, and A. Pressman
258
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PREVENTION OF POLLUTION DURING OIL TRANSFER OPERATIONS:
AN EVALUATION OF USCG PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
Harrald, J. R., C. M. Stone, and K. R. Karwan
Session 17 - Contingency Planning I
A DYNAMIC INTERNATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN
Corbett, C. R., and C. J. Beckett
THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER OIL SPILL OF 23 JUNE 1976 --
ARE YOU EVER TRULY READY?
Foley, J. P., and S. J. Tressider
OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR THE BP FORTIES
OILFIELD PRODUCTION, PIPELINE AND TERMINAL SYSTEMS
Fulleylove, R. J., and T. E. Lester
THE TANKER/PIPELINE CONTROVERSY REGARDING THE MINIMAL
AMOUNT OF OIL SPILLED DURING TRANSIT
Stewart, R. J.
OIL SPILL CONTROL IN ALBERTA
Bohme, V. E.5 and E. R. Brushett
Secsion 18 - Beaches, Marshes, and Sorbents
BIOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF CLEAN-UP
TECHNIQUES IN SALT MARSHES
Westree, B.
EVALUATION OF SELECTED SURFACE TREATMENT AGENTS FOR THE
PROTECTION OF SHORELINES FROM OIL SPILLS
Foget, C. R., S. Thornton, and R. Castle
HACKENSACK ESTUARY OIL SPILL: CUTTING OIL-SOAKED MARSH
GRASS AS AN INNOVATIVE DAMAGE CONTROL TECHNIQUE
Mattson, C. P. ,N. C. Vallario, D. J. Smith, S. Anisfield,
and G. Potera
A DISTRIBUTED REUSEABLE-SORBENT OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Shaw, S. H., and J. S. Dorrler
AN OFFSHORE MECHANIZED SORBENT OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
USING VESSELS OF OPPORTUNITY
Brunner, D. E., J. J. Der, and D. Hall
239
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Session 19 - Organisms - Uptake/Depuration
BIOAVAILABILITY OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS FROM WATER,
SEDIMENTS, AND DETRITUS TO THE MARINE ANNELID, NEANTHES
ARENACEQDENTATA
Rossi, S. S.
PETROLEUM SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS AND AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS IN THE MARINE MOLLUSKS MODIOLUS DEMISSUS
AND CRASSQSTREA VIRGINICA
Lake, J. L. and C. Hershner
DISTRIBUTION OF NAPHTHALENES WITHIN EXPOSED FUNDULUS
SIMULUS AND CORRELATIONS WITH STRESS BEHAVIOR
Dixit, D., and J. W. Anderson
THE UPTAKE OF NAPHTHALENES BY THE CLAM, RANGIA CUNEATA.
IN THE VICINITY OF AN OIL SEPARATOR PLATFORM IN TRINITY
BAY, TEXAS
Fucik, K. W., H. W. Armstrong, and J. M. Neff
MICRO-ORGANISMS AND HYDROCARBONS IN THE NORTH SEA DURING
JULY-AUGUST, 1975
Oppenheimer, C. H., W. Gunkel, and G. Gassman
Session 20 - Aquatic Effects of Spilled Oil
WATER SOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF CRUDE OILS, FUEL OILS AND
USED CRANKCASE OILS
Winters, K., and P. L. Parker
EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS AND NONVOLATILE HYDROCARBONS IN
NEW YORK HARBOR WATERS
Searl, T. D., H. L. Huffman, Jr., and J. P. Thomas
DISTRIBUTION OF VOLATILE HYDROCARBONS IN SOME PACIFIC
OCEAN WATERS
Koons, C. B.
FATE OF PETROLEUM COMPONENTS IN ESTUARINE WATERS OF THE
SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
Lee, R. F.
EFFECTS OF THE MARCH 18, 1973 OIL SPILL NEAR CABO ROJO,
PUERTO RICO ON TROPICAL MARINE COMMUNITIES
Nadeau, R. J., and E. T. Bergquist
OIL POLLUTION AND TROPICAL LITTORAL COMMUNITIES:
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE 1975 FLORIDA KEYS OIL SPILL
Chan, E. I.
240
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Session 21 - Contingency Planning II
TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF SPILL CONTROL OPERATIONS
Marum, J. P., W. R. Quanstrom, and R. G. Will
THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF RESOURCE SENSITIVITY MAPS
FOR OIL SPILL COUNTERMEASURES
Hum, S.
OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLANNING FOR BIOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE
AREAS
Lidstedt-Siva, J.
CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR THE IMPACT OF OIL SPILLS IN
DIFFERENT COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF EASTERN CANADA
Owens, E. H.
Session 22 - Pollution Control Technology
CLEANING AGENTS FOR OILED WILDLIFE
Berkner, A. B., D. C. Smith, and A. S. Williams
NEW TEST FACILITIES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OIL POLLUTION
IN JAPAN
Yazaki, A.
NAVY DEVELOPMENT OF SUITABLE SHIPBOARD BILGE OIL/WATER
SEPARATORS
Smookler, A. L., J. W. Harden, Jr., and P. D. Conroy
FAST SURFACE DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR POLLUTION RESPONSE
EQUIPMENT
Larrabee, R. M., and R. Ward
Session 23 - Notable Oil Spills
SOME STUDIES OF AN OIL SPILLAGE DUE TO THE "JACOB
MAERSK" ACCIDENT
Canelas, L. D. , and J. D. Calejo Monteiro
SINKING OF TANKER ST. PETER OFF COLOMBIA
Hayes, T. M.
THE FIVE-YEAR RECRUITMENT OF MARINE LIFE AFTER THE 1971
SAN FRANCISCO OIL SPILL
Chan, G. L.
FATE OF OIL FROM THE SUPERTANKER "METULA"
Hann, R. W., Jr.
241
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Session 24 - Spill Modeling
A COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNIQUE FOR OIL SPILLS OFF THE
NEW JERSEY - DELAWARE COASTLINE
Lissauer, I. M., J. C. Bacon, and M. C. Miller
NEW YORK HARBOR OIL DRIFT PREDICTION MODEL
Kollmeyer, R. C., and M. E. Thompson
THE USE OF A DIAGNOSTIC CIRCULATION MODEL FOR OIL
TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS
Gait, J. A., and C. H. Pease
STORM RELATED OIL SPILL MOVEMENT ON THE BEAUFORT SEA
SHELF
Hufford, G. L., I. M. Lissauer, and B. D. Thompson
FFI contact Dr. Charles C. Bates, Program Chairman, 1977
Oil Spill Conference, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC
20590.
242
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Master List of Keywords
S: See
SA: See also
Absorption
Activated sludge
Acute effects
Adriatic Sea
Adsorption
Aegean Sea
Africa
Alaska
Alaska coast
Alaska, Gulf of
Algae ... SA: Phytoplankton
Analytical techniques ...
SA: Chemical analysis; Source
identification
Annelids ... SA: Polychaetes
Antarctica
Arabian Sea
Arctic
Arctic Ocean
Argentina
Aromatic hydrocarbons ...
SA: Hydrocarbons
Asia
Atlantic coast
Atlantic Ocean
Australia
Bacteria
Bahamas
Ballast
Baltic Sea
Bantry Bay
Beaches
Beaufort Sea
Behavior
Belgium
Bengal, Bay of
Benthos
Bering Sea
Bermuda coast
Bibliographies
Bilges
Biodegradation
Biological effect ... SA:
Toxicity; Acute effects;
Chronic effects
Biomass
Birds
Biscay, Bay of
Black Sea
Blowout prevention
Booms
Brazil
California ... SA: Southern California
California coast
Canada
Carcinogens ... SA: Health hazards;
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Caribbean Sea
Caspian Sea
Chedabucto Bay
Chemical analysis ... SA: Analytical
techniques; Source identification
Chemical effects
Chesapeake Bay
Chile
China
Chromatography
Chronic effect
Cleanup ... SA: Recovery; Containment
Coagulation
Coalescence
Coasts
Connecticut
Conservation
Containment
Contaminants
Contamination
Contingency planning
Coral reefs
Crankcase oil
Crude oil
Crustaceans
Decomposition
Delaware
Delaware Bay
Denmark
Design and engineering
Detection ... SA: Monitoring;
Chemical analysis
Development ... SA: Offshore
development; Oil shale development
Dispersants
243
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Dispersion
Disposal ... SA: Waste oil
disposal; Wastewater disposal
Distillation
Distribution
Drift ... SA: Movement;
Spreading
Drilling ... SA: Offshore drilling;
Oil wells
East China Sea
Echinoderms
Economic effects
Economics
Ecosystems
Ecuador
Effluent treatment ... S: Waste-
water treatment
EIS
Emulsification
Emulsifiers
Emulsions
Engineering ... S: Design and
engineering
England
English Channel
Environmental deterioration
Environmental effects
Environmental Impact Statements ..
S: EIS
Environmental management
Environmental protection
Estuaries
Europe
Evaporation
Exploration .. SA: Offshore
exploration; Production
Extraction
Fate
Filtration ... SA: Flocculation
Finland
Fishes
Fisheries
Flocculation ... SA: Filtration
Florida
Florida coast
Flotation
Food web
Foreign governments
Fossil fuels
France
Freshwater
Fuel oil
Fuels
Fungi
Gas, liquid chromatography ...
S: Chromatography
Gasoline
Georgia
Germany, East
Germany, West
Gibraltar, Strait of
Government agencies ... SA: U.S.
Government, State governments
Great Lakes
Groundwater
Guidelines ... SA: Manuals
Habitat
Harbors
Health hazards ... SA: Carcinogens
Hydrocarbons ... SA: Aromatic
hydrocarbons; Crude oil, PAH
Incineration
India
Indian Ocean
Indonesia
Industries ... SA: Petroleum industry
Information systems
Infrared spectroscopy ...
S: Spectroscopy
Inland
Insurance
International agreements
International conventions ...
SA: Regulations; Legislation
Intertidal zone
Invertebrates
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Japan, Sea of
Korea
Kuwait
Labrador Sea
Lakes ... SA: Great Lakes
Latin America
Law enforcement
Leakage
Legislation ... SA: Regulations;
International conventions
244
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Liability
Louisiana
Lubricating oil
MagelIan, Strait of
Maine
Manuals ... SA: Guidelines
Marine mammals
Marine organisms
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mass spectroscopy ... S: Spectro-
scopy
Mediterranean Sea
Metabolism
Metula Oil Spill
Mexico
Mexico, Gulf of
Microorganisms ... SA: Algae;
Bacteria; Fungi; Yeasts
Middle East
Mississippi River
Models
Mollusks
Monitoring ... SA: Detection;
Remote sensing; Sampling
Movement ... SA: Spreading;
Drift
Narraganset Bay
Natural seepage
Netherlands
Neuston
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Niche
North Carolina
North Sea
North Vietnam
Norway
Norwegian Sea
Oceans
DCS
Offshore development .. SA:
Offshore drilling, exploration,
production
Offshore drilling .. SA: Offshore
development, exploration,
production
Offshore exploration ... SA:
Offshore drilling, development
Offshore pipelines ... SA: Oil
transport, pipelines
Offshore production ... SA: Offshore
development, drilling
Ohio
Oil ... S: Crude oil; Fuel oil;
Lubricating oil, Crankcase oil;
Waste oil
Oil discharges
Oil fields ... SA: Production
Oil-gas leasing
Oil industry
Oil shale development
Oil slicks
Oil spills
Oil tanks
Oil transfer
Oil transport
Oil-water separation ... SA: Wastewater
treatment
Oil wells ... SA: Drilling; Production;
Offshore drilling; Offshore production
Okhotsk, Sea of
Oregon
Outer Continental Shelf ... S: OCS
Oxidation ... SA: Biodegradation;
Weathering
Pacific Ocean
PAH
Personnel training
Petroleum ... S: Crude oil
Petrochemicals
Petroleum industry ... S: Oil industry
pH control
Philippines
Physical effects
Phytoplankton
Pipelines ... SA: Offshore pipelines
Plankton ... SA: Phytoplankton;
Zooplankton
Plants
Pollution control
Pollution prevention ... SA:
Environmental protection; Contingency
planning
Polychaetes
Ports
Precipitation
Production ... SA: Offshore produc-
tion; Drilling; Offshore drilling
245
-------
Prudhoe Bay
Puerto Rico
Puget Sound
Reclamation ... SA: Recycling;
Reuse
Recovery ... SA: Cleanup
Recycling ... SA: Reclamation;
Reuse
Red Sea
Refineries
Refining
Regulations ... SA: Legislation;
International conventions
Remote Sensing ... SA: Monitoring;
Detection
Resource management
Restoration
Reuse ... SA: Reclamation;
Recycling
Rhine River
Rhode Island
Rivers
Ross Sea
Safety
Sampling ... SA: Monitoring;
Detection
San Francisco Bay
Santa Barbara Channel
Sargasso Sea
Saudi Arabia
Scotland
Seawater
Sedimentation
Sediments
Segregated ballast
Shios ... SA- Tankers
Shorelines
Sinking agents
Skimmers
SIudge
Social effects
Socio-economic effects
Soil
Solid waste
Solubility
Solution
Solvents
Source identification
South Carolina
South China Sea
Southern California ... SA:
California
Spain
Spectrometry
Spectroscopy
Spreading ... SA: Movement, Drift
St. Lawrence River
Standing Crop
State Governments .., SA: U.S.
Government; Government agencies
Statistical analysis
Statistics
Storage
Streams
Superports ... S: Ports
Supertankers ... S: Tankers
Surfactants
Sweden
Syria
Tankers ... SA: Ships
Tar
Tar sands
Texas
Torrey Canyon
Toxicity ... SA: Biological effects
Turkey
UK
United Kingdom ... S: UK
United States ... S: U.S.
U.S.
U.S. Government ... SA: State
government; Government agencies
USSR
Venezuela
Vietnam
Vi rginia
Virgin Islands
Wales
Washington
Waste oil ... SA: Waste oil disposal,
waste oil treatment
Waste oil disposal ... SA: Disposal
Waste oil treatment
Wastewaters ... SA: Wastewater
disposal, wastewater treatment
Wastewater disposal ... SA: Disposal
Wastewater treatment
Water quality
246
-------
Weathering
Weddell Sea
West Indies
Wildlife
Yeasts
Yugoslavia
Zooplankton
247
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
THE SUBJECT INDEX IS A PERMUTED INDEX THAT LISTS ALPHABETICALLY
THE KEYWORDS AND CORRESPONDING CITATION NUMBER ASSIGNED TO EACH
ABSTRACT IN SECTION I (EACH INDEX NUMBER APPEARS IN SECTION I IN
THE FORM C- -77). KEYWORDS WHICH APE NOT INCLUDED IN THE
MASTER LIST ARE PRECEDED BY A #»" AND ARE NOT LISTED IN
ALPHABETICAL ORDER IN THE SUBJECT INDEX.
0102
01 19
0020
0263
0273
0275
0280
0288
0059
01 15
0163
0178
0181
0182
020^
0390
0116
0228
0277
0334
0336
OBUij
0351
036^4
0408
0066
0285
0295
0301
0302
0028
0032
0046
0058
0061
0062
0063
0068
0070
0071
0072
0075
0077
ABSORPTION, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS,
ABSORPTION, HYDROCARBONS, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, 'OLEOPHILIC MATERIAL,
ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SPAIN,
•URQUIOLA OIL SPILL,
ACUTE EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, REFINERIES, MARINE
ORGANISMS, MONITORING,
ACUTE EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONSERVATION,
ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, METABOLISM,
CRUSTACEANS, 'MUD CRAP,
ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS. DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MAPINE ORGANISMS,
ACUTE EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
ADRIATIC SEA, SAMPLING, MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
•MUSSELS, «GULF OF VENICE,
ADSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, "POLYETHYLENE FOAM,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
OXIDATION, INCINERATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION,
ADSORPTION, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, 'SKIMMING,
ADSORPTION, SEDIMENTATION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, EVAPORATION, *SUBTIDAL
ENVIRONMENTS,
ADSORPTION, HYDROCARBONS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL TRANSPORT, *PARTICULATE MATTER,
ADSORPTION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
SKIMMERS, DISPERSANTS, FLOTATION,
ALASKA, CONTINGFNCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, CLEANUP, RESTORATION,
ALASKA, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ECOSYSTEMS, EIS, PIPELINES,
ALASKA, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
MEXICO/GULF OF, CALIFORNIA,
ALASKA, OIL INDUSTRY, PRODUCTION, FCONOMIC EFFECTS,
ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, U.S. GOVERNMENT,
ALASKA, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, COASTS, PRUDHOE BAY,
ALASKA/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'ONSHORE EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, DCS,
ATLANTIC COAST,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FATE, CONTAMINATION, 'SEISMICITY, 'GROUND
SHAKING,
ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CARCINOGENS, PAH, ESTUARIES, FOOD WEB,
CALIFORNIA,
ALGAE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, FISHES, INVERTEBRATES, 'PHYSIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, 'BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS,
ALGAE, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA, FRESHWATER, CANADA,
ALGAE, FATE, CRUDE OIL, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, ESTUARIES, ENGLAND, 'DIATOMS,
ALGAE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, 'NAPHTHALENE, 'ALGAL PHYSIOLOGY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, SAMPLING, OIL SLICKS, TAR, SEDIMENTS, MARINE
MONITORING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, 'LUMINESCENCE
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, SPREADING, 'MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY,
SAMPLING, OIL SLICKS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, 'LUMINESCENCE,
HYDROCARBONS, SPECTROSCOPY, MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES, NORTH
ORGANISMS, SEAWATER
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
METHODS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
»IR RADIOMETRY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
CAROLINA,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, SPECTROSCOPY, REFINERIES, CANADA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'COME-BY-CHANCE BAY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS, SEAWATER, CALIFORNIA, 'LUMINESCENCE SIGNATURES,
•LOS ANGELES HARBOR,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOLUBILITY, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, 'POLYTHERMIC METHOD,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, 'SOLVENT COMPENSATION,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CRUDE OIL, SPECTROSCOPY, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
'LUMINESCENCE,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, 'AIR QUALITY, WATER QUALITY,
248
-------
0080 ANALYTICM TECH',1: I ' r- ,; , OIL ~;L
SOURCE icEKTin;- - :"'. ,
ANALYTICA_ T.rcji\-, -:, - ~ "= L" .- ;I..N, ML SPILLS, MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING,
ANALYTI:AL irc~M. ~: . <•-."- - -;••-.-; MICM (.•!„ SPILLS, 'LUMINESCENCE, CRUDE OIL,
L U P R I C A T I T
008^ ANALYTICAL CEO-M' '-', "-;';" ;-r-.
0087 ANALYTICAL TECH;,'! : 'CC , SM'"? 11 r'
C'88 ANALYTICAL TEOHMCTS. V,A cTCn ' T: '•
CIL, LUPRICA~IN' 'IL,
C316 ANALYTICAL TECHNI CC : :' , =:"'-," ' ", C-F.MS, ENVIRON"- NT JL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
CIL SKILLS, CP:JC~ OIL, *A™M :?:,?>.:,
0^89 ANALYTICAL. TECuN i ;crs , Fi:rc'^ • "-MI.V. , GKLTF oi^, FYLPOCARPONS, SPECTPOMETRY,
0092 ARCTIC, CONTAINMENT, FUF ?, '-B" '- EU* PRODUCTS, STOOGE, *SPILL CONTAINMENT DIKES,
0246 ARCTIC, CIi- SPILLS, '"LEAN F' . •' L :'T", 1" CONTROL, BEAUFORT SEA,
0290 ARCTIC, TCXICITY, CS'CCE CIL, ''--LNL' "- : a1: TSMS , INVERTEBRATES, METABOLISM,
0312 ARCTIC, WATER CUAMTY, CI,. ."•.".„::. EN i1 IftCMfFNTAL, EFFECTS, CANADA,
0409 ARCTIC, FATE, CRIT" ML., EE'"M?> MTICM BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0071 AROMATIC HYC FOCA : - IN S , « N H..V : ; C-- . TLCFMO'JES, SOL'JPILITY, "POLYTHERMIC METHOD,
0381 AROMATIC HYDRCCAP?''!;:, FI' ' fC- ^ .. t T] 'N , r^,-, MI C»OOR3ANI SMS , SOIL, *WATEPS,
0002 ATLANTIC CCAS", CrFr.-OPr :-!,,. 1 \' . "? , ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0230 ATLANTIC COAS", r '^.TI'.C-N "'. "_8r,MN:, CI^ ?cILLsi OF?SHOFF DRILLING, OCS , OIL
0317 ATLANTIC COACT, c; ~CI.LC, "N"r- i>'E';TAL f~FFCTS, FFALTH FAZAPDS, AROMATIC
HYrR'-C'.PFCN", ,":'_r'CKE =)-./'-' TI'"N , »NEn UNCHNE ,
C35« ATLANTIC CCAST , :"rs^' P;- ' E'.'FL.' - "FV~ , i^NVI':CN"r^TAL PROTECTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
*L ^ ~ C
0357 ATLANTIC CC/ST, r VIT^.J -.p- .,,--•,•- -fwj,-1"i ENVIPONMF.'JTAL PROTECTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
£ T r- ™ L *
0359 ATLANTIC COACT, :""SH'^i. rE\F^"'"ENT, FK'VIPONMFNTAL PPOTFCTION, GOVFRN"FNT AGENCIES,
*!.?. EUPFAJ-LAN" MANACE!-'-\T ,
0363 ATLANT:C COAST, :-f :'~RE CFVE' ' °-tN"~, ocr, «ONSHORF IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SCCIL-E""0!«O'I EF'FCT:,
036L ATLANTi: CCA^", A . A c:'', '- /o.'L '• ' -' FN'. I c ONMENT* L EFFECTS, *ONSHOPE EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
• . : n" C '. R -0!> S , FACTE°IA, SEDIMENTS, SFAWATFR,
• P T = E; r"-'FNT , PETROCHEMICALS, OIL SPILLS, CONSERVATION,
02^3 AUETP.A_;/, TL/,." r. -sr^'ET,;; -, , :i: ^i: LI, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
0358 AUSTRALLA, 'F Ffi"",'-" .- FV : ..f P'-T T . ^NVI^'NMSVTtL PROTECTION, SAFETY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
00^43 BACTF-;'., M \L~C :, - , HY . L pi. "A r- ,:,"-', B^._,"IC SEA, CRUSTACEANS, FISHES, BIODEGRADATION ,
C295 BACTERIA. A^GAF, !i 'FIL.L.5, -'~L,GIC'L ^^^ECTS , FRESHWATER, CANADA,
C'77 BACTEFI'- D L CL ?C - ; •. T : ''•; , '•-•: •'_, "-"fCCPGfNISMS, CLEANUP, MONITORING, CIL SPILLS,
0380 BACTERIA, P ^L£':''A f".r> ;. •, '--;>;i-;, MF7£BOLI5M, 'PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS,
0382 BACTERIA,
0384 BACTEFI/,
0386 BACTERIA.
0367 BACTEPIA.
0^86 BACTE'-IA,
INHItl"],:. .
002»i BALLAS" . M0\' L TC '- . ',.- , ^YL'S'CA:"' -.:, -ILC-EC, DESIGN-ENGINEERING , 'FLUORESCENCE,
«CIL-IN-*AT;:;
0129 BALLAST, TANKER.'. '-"". TA M L N IT" ' <• , CLj "RANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
REGli.A'IlLN. ,
01H6 BALLAS- , rtATTEl,;'..:'- "1PEATW"'. " , IL-WAT"t SF^tRATION, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
BILCEC ,
BALLAST, »ACTEV-rr- c TREATMENT. ;'-TF'", CIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
BALLAST, WATTEWATE1 TRF t rfr-'NT , V':-"! CIL TREATMENT, TANKERS, BIODEGRADATION,
BALLAST, BIC'DEGn^CAT.ON , ,11: ,--:..L_.~, ~IE«NUP, BILGES, OIL TANKS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
RFCLAM^TT'K , ' ""rr^EUi- ; "Or-. " "i ,
0030 BALTIC SEA, MOM ' i"'!- rNC , '-'YTR. /---ON", DETECTION, MOLLUSK', *ELUE MUSSEL, *KIEL BIGHT,
00^3 BALTIC .-FA, PACT""-!', MCT;':j;IN. , ""DRC'CAREONS , CRUSTACEANS, FISHES, EIODEGRA DATION ,
0045 BALTIC 5F,A PFMC^ '"NSIN,, ' frI.LS., *"ULTISENSOP TECHNIQUE,
0433 BALTIC Sal, TNIC; PIM .; , ^Y DROCA -> -CNC . MEXICO/GULF OF, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
031C BFACHES, OIL 5F'.'._C, CBCrr 'CT., TANKERS, JAPAN, *NIIGATA COAST,
0376 BEACHES, EIODEGRAOATION, CPUDr OIL, OXIDATION, MICROORGANISMS, MONITORING,
0392 BEACHES, rATF, 0;. C-FIILC, PF^CVIOP. SFDIMFNTS, CANADA, *NOVA SCOTIA,
0396 BEACH;:.L , IirTM? IIC-'1. ' :" IS'.' , \ : \ I,- '^DIMFNTS, CANODA, *NCVA SCOTIA, 'HALIFAX HARBOUR,
0399 BEACHED, Cfi.'IE :I_, FATr, .. ri-M.^'.L ANA^Y'15, C'-'POMATOGRA PHY , COASTS, INDIA, »TAR BALLS,
0414 BEACHES, FATE, FIT. OIL, -;,;-. >c ••-•:; R»v, CANADA, SEDIMENTS, 'WATER COLUMN, MARINE
249
-------
0231
0246
0249
0355
0316
0347
0391
0392
0^94
0155
0269
032S
0120
0327
0385
01)15
0438
0439
0440
0441
OIL SPILLS, CANADA, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, OIL
0443
0444
0445
0446
0447
0448
0008
0024
01^8
0146
0171
0179
0188
0200
0376
0043
0170
0324
0325
0335
0374
0375
0376
0377
0378
0379
0380
0381
0382
0383
0384
0385
TOXICITY,
MARINE
ORGANISMS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
BEAUFORT SEA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING
INDUSTRY,
EEAUFOPT SEA, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL,
BEAUFCRT SEA, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BOOMS, SKIMMERS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
BEAUFORT SEA, DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, CANADA, *OIL-ON-ICE,
BEHAVIOR, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, FATE, CLEANUP,
BEHAVIOR, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MONITORING,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, 'FREEZING CONDITIONS, EVAPORATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
BEHAVIOR, BEACHES, FATE, OIL SPILLS, SEDIMENTS, CANADA, *NOVA SCOTIA,
BEHAVIOR, OIL SLICKS, WEATHERING, SPREADING, EVAPORATION, TAP,
BELGIUM, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
BENTHOS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, PHYTOPLANKTON, ZOOPLANKTON, WATER CUALITY,
GASOLINE, *MARINE ENGINE EMISSIONS,
BERMUDA COAST, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, MEXICO/GULF
OF, VENEZUELA, NATURAL SEEPAGE, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, TAP,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, DISPEPSANTS, TOXICITY, REGULATIONS, CANADA,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, DCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, MICROORGANISMS, FUNGI,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FATE, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, *PHYSICAL CHANGES, "CHEMICAL CHANGES,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PETROCHEMICALS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
PUGET SOUND,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, PETROCHEMICALS, ECONOMICS,
•INDUSTRIAL WASTES, 'POLLUTION EFFECTS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OFFSHORE DRILLING, INSURANCE, LIABILITY, *OIL PIG INSURANCE,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL WELLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, TANKERS, PORTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, *SUPERTANKFRS, 'DEEPWATEP PORTS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, TANKERS, PORTS, ENVIRONMENTAL FFFECTS, *SUPERTANKERS, »DEEPWATER PORTS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
ORGANISMS, BIODFGRADATION, 'TROPICAL WATERS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ADSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
SKIMMERS, DISPERSANTS, FLOTATION,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, PETROCHEMICALS, ECONOMICS,
•INDUSTRIAL WASTES, 'POLLUTION EFFECTS,
BILGES, CIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, UK, PIPDS, SOUPCE IDENTIFICATION,
BILGES, BALLAST, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'FLUORESCENCE,
'OIL-IN-WATER,
BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, TANKERS,
BILGES, BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
DISPOSAL,
BILGES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
BILGES, OIL-WATEF SEPARATION, WASTE OIL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
BILGES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, SPECTROSCOPY, FUEL
OIL, LUBRICATING OIL,
TANKERS, WASTFWATER TREATMENT, 'CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES, FUELS,
BIODEGRADATION, CIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, OIL TANKS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
RECLAMATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
BIODEGPADATION, BALTIC SEA, BACTERIA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, FISHES,
EIODEGPADATION, BALLAST, WASTFWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, TANKERS,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, WATER QUALITY, ESTUARIES, FRESHWATER,
SEAWATER, 'U.S. EPA,
BIODEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, SHORELINES, MARINE
ORGANISMS, CANADA, CHEDABUCTC BAY,
BIODEGRADATION, ECONOMICS, MODELS, REFINERIES, OIL SPILLS, CALIFORNIA, 'CRUDE OIL
COSTS,
BIODEGRADATION, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FUNGI, YEASTS,
BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, MICROORGANISMS, CLEANUP, 'NUTRIENT ADDITION,
BIODEGRADATION, BILGES, BALLAST, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, OIL TANKS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
RECLAMATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, CLEANUP, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS,
BIODEGRADATION, BEACHES, CRUDE OIL, OXIDATION, MICROORGANISMS, MONITORING,
BIODEGRADATION, DECOMPOSITION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, 'MINERAL OIL,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, 'PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS,
BIODEGRADATION, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, PAH, MICROORGANISMS, SOIL, 'WATERS,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, CRUDE OIL, PETROCHEMICALS,
EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, 'CELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, METABOLISM, SOIL, FUEL OIL, CPANKCASE OIL, CRUDE OIL,
BIODEGRADATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, MICROORGANISMS, FUNGI,
JAPAN,
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATEP
BILGES,
BILGES, BALLAST,
250
-------
0386
0387
0388
0^89
0401
0403
0017
OC23
0257
0260
0261
0262
0264
0265
0268
0269
0270
0271
0272
0274
0276
0278
0279
0233
0285
0286
0287
0289
0291
0292
0293
0294
0295
0297
0298
0302
0303
0304
0305
0306
0316
0318
0319
0326
0328
0329
0331
0347
0373
0391
0397
0409
0438
0445
BICDEGRADA TION , BACTERIA, HYL PCC A P SON S , OCEANS, REFINERIES,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ATLANTIC OCEAN , HYDROCA REONS, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, CONTAMINANT?, METABOLISM, HAPBOPS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, 'MERCURY
INHIBITION,
EIODEGRADATION, ANALYTICAL TFO"NlOUFS, CRUDE OIL, '-YDROCAPBONS, SPECTROMETRY,
BIODEGRADATION, MOVEMENT, ^ATE. HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, *CHEMOPFCEPTION,
EIODEGRADATION, FATE, CRUDE OIL, OCEANS, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING,
BIODEGRADATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, *TROFICAL WATERS,
HYDROCARBONS, EATS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'SYMPOSIUM,
OIL SKILLS, CONTAMINATION, JAPAN, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION-
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
PREVENTION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISES,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, SCOTLAND, 'CONFERENCE
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, *RFSPIPATION PATE,
CONTAMINATION, SEDIMENTS, 'CORALS,
*OIL COLLECTING AGENTS, LAKES, VENEZUELA, *LAKE MAPACAIEC,
OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, FATE, FISHERIES, LAKES, VENEZUELA,
ECONOMICS, *LAKF MARACAIBO,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, "ARINF ORGANISMS, MASSACHUSETTS, *WEST ^ALMOUTH SPILL,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, HYDROCARBONS, PHYTOPLANKTCN, ZCOPLANKTON, WATER QUALITY,
GASOLINE, 'MARINE ENGINE EMISSIONS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, SCOTLAND, POLLUTION CONTROL, 'RIVER
YTHAfJ,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, CANADA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SFILLS, PETROCHEMICALS,
•LITERATURE REVIEW,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. HYDROCARBONS, ZOOPLANKTON, TOXICITY, METABOLISM,
PAH, MARINE ORGANISMS, FCHINODERMS, *EGC DEVELOPMENT,
CONTAMINATION, CRUDE CIL, MARINE MAMMALS, 'RINGED SEALS, OFFSHORE
'BAY OF FUNDY, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, PUGFT SOUND,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
DEVELOPMENT,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
FLUX,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, METABOLISM, MOLLUSKS, *MYA APENAPIA, 'CARBON
CRUDE Oil, TOXICITi, EMULSIFIERS, FISHES,
ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, FISHES, INVERTEBRATES, 'PHYSIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, 'BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MODELS, CIL SFILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSKS, 'SHELLFIS", 'OIL POLLUTION,
OIL SPILLS, DISPFPSANTS, MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FRANCE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
'NORMAN COAST,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
'CHIRONOMIDAE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, POLYCHAETES, FATE, 'NEANTHFS ARENACEODENTATA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, EMULSIFIERS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, MASSACHUSETTS, 'WEST FALMOUT" SPILL,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA, ALGAE, OIL SPILLS, FRESHWATER, CANADA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'OIL COLLECTING AGENTS, LAKES, VENEZUELA, 'LAKE MARACAIBC,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATFRS, FISHERIES, LAKES,
ECONOMICS, 'LAKE MARACAIPO,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, 'NAPHTHALENE,
OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, CANADA, COASTS,
CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, MONITORING, TOXICITY,
HYDROCARBONS, FISHES, TOXICITY, METABOLISM,
METABOLISM, CRUDE OIL, POLYCHAETES, 'NFANTHES ARENACEODENTATA,
BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, FATE, CLEANUP,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, FATE, OCEANS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHOPE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
COMPONENTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERMUDA COAST, OFFSHOPE PRODUCTION, MARINE ORGANISMS, MEXICO/GULF
OF, VENEZUELA, NATURAL SEEPAGE, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, TAP,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, FISHERIES, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, LOUISIANA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
BIOLOGICAL FFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, EHVIRONMBNTAL FFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, "ARINE ORGANISMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, 'FREEZING CONDITIONS, EVAPORATION, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, HYDROCARBONS, 'SALT MARSH,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, FATE, CRUDE OIL, DECOMPOSITION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL FFFECTS, PIBLIOGRAFFIES, CIL SPILLS, PETROCHEMICALS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
PUGET SOUND,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ElSLIOGPfFHIFS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUSTACEANS, 'OXYGEN CONSUMPTION,
CONTAMINATION, CRUDE CIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FRESHWATER, CANADA,
VENEZUELA,
•ALGAL PHYSIOLOGY,
'AMERICAN LOBSTER,
WASTEWATERS, *',3-FUTADIENE,
OIL SPILLS, 'DRILLING MUD
251
-------
0446
0007
OOC6
0016
0064
02514
0260
027C
0271
0273
03C3
0233
0242
0249
025?
0019
0088
0089
0090
0091
0104
0249
0256
0066
0070
0331;
0335
0400
0006
0015
0041
0068
0108
0120
02?1
0244
0245
0254
0271
0292
0295
0^03
0312
0325
0339
0341
0355
0360
0^92
0396
0412
0414
0422
0014
MARINE ORGANISMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, EIODEGRADATION , BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, "TROPICAL WATERS,
BIRDS, PEACHES, OIL SPILLS, FUFL OIL, CHESAPEAKE BAY, MARINE ORGANISMS, "OIL BARGE,
BIRDS, EILGES, OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, U* , SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, ^UEL OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SCOTLAND, *SANDS CF FOHVIE ,
BIRDS, MONITOFIN3, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, COASTS, CANADA,
BIRDS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRA PHY , HYDROCARBONS, »SUEAKTA.RCTIC PELAGIC BIRDS,
•STOMACH OIL, MONITORING,
BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, U.S., CANADA, CLEANUP,
RESTORATION,
BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, SCOTLAND, "CONFERENCE,
BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, SCOTLAND, POLLUTION CONTROL, "RIVER
YTHAN,
BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, *BAY OF FUNDY, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
BIRDS, ACUTE EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION , CONSERVATION,
BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CANADA, COASTS,
BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *DPOP-IN VALVE,
BLOWOUT PREVENTION , DETECTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DRILLING, OIL WELLS,
BLOWOUT PREVENTION, BEAUFORT SEA, DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BOOMS, SKIMMERS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
BLOWOUT PREVENTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DRILLING, OIL WELLS,
BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, USSR, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, DISPEPSANTS ,
BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, "MATERIALS EVALUATION,
BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-FNGINEERING ,
BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
BOOMS, CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
BOOMS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
BOOMS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, EEAUFORT SEA, DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SKIMMERS, MONITORING,
CALIFORNIA, ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CARCINOGENS, PAH, ESTUARIES, FOOD
WEB,
CALIFORNIA, ANALYTICAL TECHNIOUES, OIL SPILLS, SEAWATER, "LUMINESCENCE SIGNATURES,
"LOS ANGELES HARBOR,
CALIFORNIA, ALASKA, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, OFFSHORE
PRODUCTION, MEXICO/GULF OF,
CALIFORNIA, BIODEGFADATION , ECONOMICS, MODELS, REFINERIES, OIL SPILLS, "CRUDE OIL
COSTS,
CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
CANADA, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, L.S.,
CANADA, CIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
CANADA, EIPDS, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, COASTS,
CANADA, ANALYTICAL TECHNICUES, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, SPECTROSCOPY , REFINERIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "COME-BY-CHANCE BAY,
CANADA, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL, INCINERATION,
CANADA, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, DISPFRSANTS, TOXICITY, REGULATIONS,
CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, OIL
INDUSTRY,
CANADA, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, INDUSTRIES,
LEGISLATION, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
CANADA, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, LEGISLATION, U.S.,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL DISCHARGES,
CANADA, BIRDS, CIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, U.S., CLEANUP,
RESTORATION,
CANADA, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, "BAY OF FUNDY, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FRESHWATER,
"CHIRONOMIDAE,
CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA, ALO-AE, OIL SPILLS, FRESHWATER,
CANADA, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, COASTS,
CANADA, ARCTIC, WATER QUALITY, CIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CANADA, BIODEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, SHORELINES,
MARINE ORGANISMS, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
CANADA, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, PORTS, ECONOMICS, CLEANUP, "BAY OF FUNDY,
CANADA, PRODUCTION, TAR SANDS, CONTAMINATION, WATER DUALITY, "ATHABASCA OIL SANDS,
CANADA, EEAUFORT SEA, DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, "OIL-ON-ICE,
CANADA, TAR SANDS, DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CANADA, BEHAVIOR, BEACHES, FATE, OIL SPILLS, SEDIMENTS, "NOVA SCOTIA,
CANADA, BEACHES, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINANTS, SEDIMENTS, "NOVA SCOTIA, "HALIFAX HARBOUR,
CANADA, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, MODELS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
CANADA, BEACHES, FATE, FUEL OIL, CHEDABUCTO BAY, SEDIMENTS, "WATEP COLUMN, MARINE
ORGANISMS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
CANADA, REGULATIONS, U.S., CRUDE OIL, "RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS, EIS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
"FEA,
CARCINOGENS, PAH, CONTAMINATION, "FOOLS, HFALT" HAZARDS,
MODELS, REFINERIES, OIL SPILLS, "C
COAL CIL POINT, "GEOLOGIC HISTORY,
252
-------
CARCINOGENS, OIL TRANSPORT, CRUDE CIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS,
CAPCINOGFNS, CALIFORNIA, ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, SAN FRANCISCO P'Y, PAH, ESTUARIES, FOOD
W E r ,
CARIBBEAN SEA, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
CARIBBEAN SEA, OCS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, PIPELINES ,
CHEDABUCTO BAY, CANADA, BIODFGPADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, -"JEL CIL, OIL SPILLS,
SHORELINES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
CHEDABUCTC BAY, CANADA, BEACHES, FATE, FUEL OIL, SEDIMENTS, 'WATER COLUMN, "APINE
ORGANISMS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
OC3C CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEACHES, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
0059 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ADRIATIC SEA, SAMPLING, MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, CHPOMATOGRAPHY,
'MUSSELS, 'GULF OF VENICE,
0064 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIPDS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCAPPONS, «SUBANTA»CTIC PELAGIC BIRDS,
'STOMACH OIL, MONITORING,
0067 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, 'BENZO(A)PYRENE, CHROMATOGRAPHY, 'FLUORIMETRY, MONITORING,
MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHPOMATOGRAPHY, PAH, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, GASOLINE,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPFCTRO^ETRY, SAMPLING,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, FISHES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CONTAMINATION,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, SAMPLING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SAMPLING, SEAWATEP, 'SURFACE MICPOLAYEF, ,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, MARINE ORGANISMS, 'SHELLFISH,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
CHEMICA^ ANALYSIS. SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CONTAMINANTS,
GASOLINE, 'FLUORESCENCE,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISPOSAL, 'ORGANIC WASTES,
FRESHWATER, HYDROCARBONS,
0266 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CRUDE CIL, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FIS"ES, CRUSTACEANS,
0323 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, GREAT LAKES, SEDIMENTS, DISTRIBUTION, 'DREDGED SPOILS,
C^ao CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEACHES, CRUDE CIL, FATE, CHROMA TOGPA P^'Y , COASTS, INDIA, »TAD BALLS,
03^3 CHEMI:AL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, OIL FIFLDS, MICROORGANISMS, LOUISIANA,
•PETROLEUM DISSOLUTION,
OOC7 CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, FUFL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, 'OIL PARGE,
0?6& CHESAPEAKE BAY, EIODEGRA DA TIO\ , BACTERIA, CONTAMINANTS, METABOLISM, U'APEOPS, 'MERCURY
INHIBITION,
005S CHPO"ATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SAMPLING, OIL SLICKS, SPECTfi Ot
-------
•CLEANUP, REMOTE SGNSINC, OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, •PERFORMANCE TESTS, "MICROWAVE
0095 CLEANUP, OIL S"IL,,S, CRUDE C!L , EVA FGPA.TION . DECOMPOSITION, "LASE'S,
CLEANUP, CCNT6V1N }TION , SrDI1JEK?S , DESIGN-rNGINEEPING ,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, CI- SPILLS- , DESI ON-ENGINEERING , *'. .3. NAVY. *PGLY'JPETHA NE
CHIPS,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY. OIL SPILL?. SKI"MERS, GIL-WATFF SEPARATION. NORWEGIAN SEA,
CLEANUP, ABSORPTION, RE'OOVEPY, OIL SPILL?,
CLEANUP, EOCMS , RfCOVE-Y, OIL DRILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
3, SKIMWEPS , DESIGN-ENGINEEFIKC ,
, 'NEUTRALIZATION,
01 1C CLEANUP, OIL SPIL
0"1" CLEANUP, OIL ^PIL^S, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "EOuIPM^NT EVALUATION,
:i'5 CLEANUP, ADSORPTION, OIL SPILES, RECO'.'EPY, "POLYET'-'YLENR: FOAM,
Oil" CLEANUP, CONTAMINATION , SCI:, "L^TE RC-FJNTS ,
~ 1 2 * CLEANUP C 0 N T A MIN " ~ T 0 N ^'" C1 P A C ~ 0 " ' ^ A N K S * P E SID U A - 0 T E v U L S ~ ~ I ' -~ ~ 0 N
CIo SFI1 _S , PE.CO/EFY, *FEDPOwAGNETlr' GRANJLFS,
OIL SPI-..S, PERSONNEL TRAINING, UK, "POLLUTION CLEANUP FIL"',
ALASKA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SFI-L', PIPELINES. RESTORATION,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL S-ILLS, FOLLUTI0!.' DRFVENTION, TANKERS, GOVERN'"!
POLLUTION COt'TcC.-, Oli. SPI--.S, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CEFSONNEL TRAINING,
OIL SPILLS, ":FAN'S, POLLUTION PPFVFNTION, PEGUL t TlOtl?, UK,
AUSTFALIO, POLLUTION1 PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
BEAUFORT SEA, APITIO, 01- SPILLS, DOLLU"ION CONTRO^,
CLEANUP, P03MS, BLOWOUT PBEVENTION, nF?UFORT SEA, DRILLING, OIL SPILLS. SKIVERS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
•! C: EANUf , OIL SPILi-S, ST. ..AWRFNCE RIVFP, POLLUTION CCNTPOL, CCNTIN'GENC 1' PLANNING,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, «~IELD TE"TC,
•i CLEANUP, CANADA, EIFDS, OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE PI , GC'VEFNMENT AGENCIES, J.S.,
PESTOPATION,
7 CLEANUP, FCONOKI"S, P i'EL "IL,
r. CLP.'N'JP, EIOLOCICAL EFFECTS, BEH»VICF. OIL SPILLS, fJO^T'-J SEA, f'ATE,
N, BILGES, BALLAST, OIL SPILLS, OIL TANKS, WASTFWATEP TREATMENT,
,.;"-, '^.EANUF, tlODEGPADATION , BACTERIA, CFUDE do, MICROORGANISMS, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS,
CAP', :,,F,'NUD, LEGISLATION, EUROPE, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION. OCFAN'S,
OFFSHORE PRODUCT ION, OIL DISCHARGES,
Oi?c ;-EANUf, MANUALS. OIL oPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTAINMENT, GUIDELINES.
G*>M? O^FA.NUP, PIBLIOCFAPrlf S , ADSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, OIL-WATFR SEPARATION,
S-'IM'-^ERS, DISFERSA\'TS , F-OTATICN,
.'&' COAGULATION, WASTFV.ATER TFFATMENT. niL-*JATEF SEPARATION, OXlrjATiON, SLUDGE,
OOAiULATION, WAS'EWATtF TREATMENT, OIL-WATEF SEPARATION, EMU.,SIGNS, FLOCCULATION ,
"ILTRATION,
COAGULATION, WASOEWATEP TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, CIL-WA7EP SEPARATION,
f't- COALESCENCE WA ST EV.'A.TFP TPE-TMEM, CIL-WATEP SEPARATION, DESI GN-ENG [ 'JEERING ,
Clltf COALESCENCE, B-LCES, 'ALLAST, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT. OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, WASTEWATEF
DISPOSAL,
Q1bO COALESCENCE, nASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, DISPERSIONS, "SULFUR,
7l6b COALFSCENCE, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, "OIL WETTA°ILITY,
Cie^ COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
Cniii COASTS, CANADA, FIRDS, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS,
0055 COASTS, REMOTE SFSSINC, SEDIMENTS, CORAL REEFS, OIL SLICKS, PUERTO FICO, VIRGIN
ISLANDS, "SFYLAP,
COASTS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GERMANY, WEST, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS,
COASTS, OIL SPILLS. LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PORTS,
COASTS, CANADA, rlRDS, PIOLOC1CAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
COASTS, OIL SPT'.'.S, INDONESIA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHOPF DRILLING,
COC?""S, ALASKA, -'YDf OOAPFON3, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, pi-UDHCE E'AY,
CO-'STS, OIL SPlL.S, CFFS1-ORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
":;c lo-i-rco.N'OMi "FEFCTS .
:' SIS. ENVIRONMENTAL -FFECTS. SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CFFS-'i .RE L'EVELOPMFNT, FLORIDA,
5, OFFSUC'PE DEVELOPMENI, OFi'SHOPE PRODUCTION, OIL
-------
0399
ClJj?
0275
0366
0048
0088
0089
009C
0091
0092
Q1J35
0036
0077
0086
0169
01 8 <
0261
C3&8
0306
00714
0099
0117
0121
01 2Q
C157
0262
0277
0278
0292
0308
031 1
0^1 3
0315
0311
0408
0130
0013
0018
0228
0229
0230
0231
0237
0239
02H3
0215
02^9
0251
0256
COASTS, 0«ROMATOCRAP~Y . CHEMICAL »NCLYSIE, FEACHES, CRUDE OIL, FATE, INDIA, «TAR BALLS,
CC,\'SERVATIO,\ , AUSTRALIA . FEFINEC:F.: , WASTFWATEP TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL SPILLS,
CONSERVATION, C°FPMO FFrFCTS , F^DS, AOUT- EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
CONSERVATION , ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT, SOCIAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL OIL INDUSTRY, OCS ,
DEVELOPMENT, SCOTLAND,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, *FEFFOPMANCE TESTS, "MICROWAVE
ESIGN-ENGINEERING,
LEANUP, BOOMS, OIL SKILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING ,
CONTAINMENT, ARCTIC, FUELS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, STORAGE, *SPILL CONTAINMENT DIKES,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, MANUALS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GUIDELINES,
CONTAMINANTS, MONITOP1NG, REMOTE SENSIM", PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WATER QUALITY, 'AIR
QUALITY,
CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDPOCA PEONS , *AIP QUALITY, WATER QUALITY,
CONTAMINANTS, CHROMA TOGRA PHY , CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, FUEL OIL,
GASOLINE, 'FLUORESCENCE ,
CONTAMINANTS, WASTEV.'ATEF TREATWE'IT, INDUSTRIES, ELOCCULATION , *POLYELECTROLYTFS ,
CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATFP T°EAT"ENT, RECOVERY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
CONTAMINANTS METABOLISM, MAPIN1-" ORGANISMS, TOXICITY,
CONTAMINANTS! CHESAPFAKE'PAY, F:GDECRADATION , PACT^PI", WETAPOLISM, HAPBOPS, «MERCUPY
INHIBITION,
CONTAMINANTS, CANADA, PEACHES, DISTBI5oTIOf, , SEDIMENTS, *NOV4 SCOTIA, 'HALIFAX HARBOU
CONTAMINATION, BEACHES, WASTE OIL, 'SEWAGE, NEW YORK,
CONTAMINATION, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, HYDROCARBONS, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS, REFINERIES,
CONTAMINATION, CARCINOGENS, PA*-' , 'FOODS, HFALTH HAZARDS,
CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS , OIL SPILLS, JAPAN, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION
PREVENTION ,
CONTAMINATION, COASTS, CANADA, EIRDS, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS,
CONTAMINATION, CHROMA TOGPA PHY , CHEMIO'L ANALYSIS, PAH, FISHES,
CONTAMINATION, CLEANUP, SEDIMENTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAMINATION, CLEANUP, SOIL, 'DETERGENTS,
CONTAMINATION, CLEANUP, STORAGE, OIL TANKS, 'RESIDUAL OIL, EMULSIFICATION ,
CONTAMINATION, BALLAST, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
REGULATIONS,
CONTAMINATION, WASTEHATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DETECTION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING ,
CONTAMINATION, PIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SEDIMENTS, 'CORALS,
CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, ECOSYSTEMS, EIS , PIPELINES,
CONTAMINATION, PIOLOGICAi EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, MARINE MAMMALS, 'PINGED SEALS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
CONTAMINATION, CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FRESHWATER,
'CKIRONOMIDAE,
CONTAMINATION, OCEANS, ENGLAND, 'ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON OIL POLLUTION,
CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, 'MARINE ECOLOGY,
CONTAMINATION, OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS , 'MARINE POLLUTANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MARINE ORGANISMS, GUIDELINES,
CONTAMINATION, CANADA, PRODUCTION, TAP SANDS, WATER QUALITY, 'ATHABASCA OIL SANDS,
CONTAMINATION, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FATE, 'SEISMICITY, 'GROUND
SHAKING,
CONTAMINATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCEANS,
'GESAMP,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, 'DATA EASE, *U.S. NAVY,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION,
LIABILITY, 'REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, RESTORATION,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, "U.S.C.G.,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, OIL
TRANSPORT, 'RESEARCH NEEDS, 'U.S. EPA,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, OIL SPILLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, OIL
INDUSTRY,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE, DISCHARGES,
LEGISLATION, 'FWPCA ,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, AUSTRALIA, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
LEGISLATION, U.S., OIL DISCHARGES,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, BOOMS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, BEAUFORT SEA, DRILLING, OIL
SPILLS, SKIMMERS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, POLLUTION CONTROL,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, 'FIELD TESTS
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SKIMMERS, MONITORING,
255
-------
0322
C055
0213
0215
0219
0223
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0364
0005
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0021
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0283
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0291
0292
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0315
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0384
0389
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0403
0409
0422
0423
0043
0259
0266
0275
0284
0287
0291
0299
0304
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION
CONTROL, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
CORAL REEFS, COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, SEDIMENTS, OIL SLICKS, PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN
ISLANDS, *SKYLAE,
CRANKCASE OIL, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL, FUEL OIL,
CRANKCASE OIL, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, RECYCLING,
CRANKCASE OIL, RECLAMATION, REFINING, INDIA,
CRANKCASE OIL, REFINING, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL, INDIA,
CRANKCASE OIL, RECYCLING, REUSE, LUBRICATING OIL, INDIA,
CRANKCASE OIL, 3IODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, METABOLISM, SOIL, ^UEL OIL, CRUDE OIL,
CRUDE OIL, PIPELINES , »OIL TERMINAL FIRE, OHIO,
CRUDE OIL, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, INLAND, FUEL OIL, U.S.,
CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, UK, "FINES,
CRUDE OIL, CARCINOGENS, OIL TRANSPORT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS,
CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, UK, *DOVER STRAIT,
CRUDE OIL, CHPOMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
•LUMINESCENCE,
CRUDE OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, "LUMINESCENCE,
LUBRICATING OIL,
CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, EVAPORATION, DECOMPOSITION, "LASERS ,
CRUDE OIL, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "COLD WATER
RECOVERY,
CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SAFETY, LEAKAGE, ECONOMICS, 'UNDERGROUND SALT
CAVEKNS,
CRUDE OIL,
CRUDE OIL,
CRUDE OIL,
CRUDE OIL,
CRUDE OIL,
CRUDE OIL,
CRUDE
STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, «FEA, "SALT DOMES,
STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, *FFA, *SALT DOMES,
TANKERS, SLUDGE, DISPOSAL, GUIDELINES,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *SAFLOTE OIL KOSE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISPEPSANTS, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, "RESPIRATION PATE,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FISHES, CRUSTACEANS,
IL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, METABOLISM,
CRUSTACEANS, *MUD CRAB,
CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, "RINGED SEALS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FMULSIFIERS, FISHES,
CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES, METABOLISM,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUSTACEANS, "OXYGEN CONSUMPTION,
CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FRESHWATER,
•CKIRONOMIDAE,
CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, FATE, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, ESTUARIES, ENGLAND, "DIATOMS,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, "NAPHTHALENE, "ALGAL PHYSIOLOGY,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUSTACEANS, MONITORING, TOXICITY, "AMERICAN LOBSTER,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METABOLISM, POLYCHAETES, "NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA,
CRUDE OIL, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, JAPAN, "NIIGATA COAST,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFFCTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, OCEANS,
CRUDE OIL, "PARTITIONING STUDIES, "MERCURY, "HCB, SEDIMENTS, FRESHWATER, SEAWATEP,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, FISHERIES, TOXICITY, LOUISIANA,
CRUDE OIL, REFINERIES, REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL
INDUSTRY, "U.S. EPA,
CRUDE OIL, REFINERIES, REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL
INDUSTRY, "U.S. EPA,
CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, BIODEGRADATION, BfCTEPIA, MICROORGANISMS, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS,
BEACHES, OXIDATION, MICROORGANISMS, MONITORING,
DECOMPOSITION, MICROORGANISMS, "MINERAL OIL,
BACTERIA, PETROCHEMICALS,
CRUDE OIL
CRUDE OIL
CRUDE OIL
CRUDE OIL
EIODEGRADATION,
BIODEGRADATION,
BIODEGRAEATION,
CRANKCASE OIL, EIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, METABOLISM, SOIL, FUEL OIL,
CRUDE OIL, EIODEGRADATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, SPECTROMETRY,
CRUDE OIL, COASTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEACHES, FATE, INDIA, "TAR BALLS,
CRUDE OIL, EIODEGRADATION, FATE, OCEANS, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, FATE, DECOMPOSITION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CRUDE OIL, CANADA, REGULATIONS, U.S., "RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS, EIS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
"FEA,
CRUDE OIL, LEGISLATION, U.S., STORAGE, OIL TANKS, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CRUSTACEANS, BIODEGRADATION, BALTIC SEA, BACTERIA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, FISHES,
CRUSTACEANS, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, FISHES, MOLLUSKS,
"ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE STUDIES,
CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FISHES,
CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL,
METABOLISM, "MUD CRAB,
CRUSTACEANS, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, "BLUE CRAB,
CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, "SHELLFISH, "OIL POLLUTION,
CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, "OXYGEN CONSUMPTION,
CRUSTACEANS, TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, "ESTUARINE GRASS SHRIMP, "PALAEMONETES PUGIO,
CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, TOXICITY, "AMERICAN LOBSTER,
256
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T.LLS, EVAPORATION, "LASERS,
:rAr i: iT,, MICROORGANISMS, "MINERAL OIL,
^T'-TC, ARCTIC, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
r/AJE"«NE, *S"IMOPA ?A1 ,
N;, SEAUATSP, JAPAN,
DEVELOPMENT, OCS , LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS,
".. -"_I.TS, MODFLS, MOVEMENT,
MES, i;"IFT, SPREADING, OIL SLICKS, MODELS, *FROKTS,
' ~GTP] PL'TIOK ,
N". i-Tr-ROCA PEONS, MOLLUSKS, *BLUF MUSSEL, *KIEL BIGHT,
SUIPG, DFSIGN-FNGINEEPING,
SHIPS, "FLAME SPECTROSCOPY,
, "iNFFAPFD SENSOPS,
, ^n, SPILLS, "RADAR,
, !JA.n'UFAL SEEPAGE, *FPAUNHOFEP LINE DISCRIMINATOR,
.''DK1TY, SEAWATFP,
-'F.lf.T, SAMPLING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
TFF/TMEM, CIL-WATEP SEPARATION,
", Z' =FA'TANTS,
FACT/NTS,
GIL SPILLS, TOXICIT1, REGULATIONS,
"CTS, TOXICITY, "OLLUSKS, "RESPIRATION RATE,
TTF EFFECTS, CIL SPILLS, T07ICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS,
-ILIS, MOLLUSF'S, MARINE ORGANISMS, FRANCE,
DISPOSAL, OKU: i ::. . ".AN^F:-,
DISPOSAL, ri-ILLI'iC, "WASTE '
DISPOSAL WAST" .''. F-"Y^1]
DISTPIPUTION , Dtr^TIC'N, » •
DISTRIBUTION, MOM'
DISTRIBUTION, >•--•>•':
DISTRIF':TIC\. . r.r;-~i
DisTPiFUTiCN, :;-,:,
DISTRIBUTION PIC'OGICA" ':
DRIFT. DELAWtFF '-A: , F '-•< S
DPIF: , MODELS. -/.T.-, "7. ri
DRIFT, CIL SLIT'-: , -.•-.-, « ,
DRILLING, DISPOSAL, "W."-!.'. E
»AT"F "PEATMEN!, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, "SULFUP,
\;DW'ATrP, WATER QUALITY,
SPILLS, INCINERATION,
P-AMC WASTES, WATER QUALITY, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER,
-\'r. IL. "SOLID WASTES, "SEWAGE, INCINERATION,
C- ' :•' «!IN" OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RECLAMATION,
•r:: , GUIDELINES,
, P?;'_-t . TTDFLINES, LEGISLATION,
" F'\ , , T' '", OCEANS ,
... CEANS, PACIFIC OCEAN,
.- ih'c^ pv; 3RFAT LAKES, SEDIMENTS, "DREDGED SPOILS,
!'CNMFNITA.L FFFFCTS, COLORADO,
•;; = . ;-'A'-'-T'S, SEDIMENTS, "NOVA SCOTIA, "HALIFAX HARBOUR,
I, CFI^1S, FATE,, HYDROCARBONS, "SALT MARSH,
'. :,IMG. E TUAFIES, SPREADING, OIL SLICKS, MODELS, "FRONTS,
-, »rIS FFTr-PAFCFL-RANDOM-WALK MODEL,
-'ii~"~ ~ MNfL, "WAVF DAMPING,
'f.I V,-. VCINEFPING, "DROP-IN VALVE,
-•-:VL',::"• , POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL WELLS,
. "LEAN.J. POOMS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, BEAUFORT SEA, OIL
ILL1":; )N PREVENTION, OIL WELLS,
FLUIDS, PLANTS, "LAND ANIMALS,
CIL SI-ILLS, MOVEMENT, *OIL-ON-ICE,
. t'AH, MARINE ORGANISMS, "EGG DEVELOPMENT,
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ND.SIf-Y, PRODUCTION,
"INFFIFS, "FGULATIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL
=1NERIEC, REGULATIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL
;ASTFWATEF TREATMENT, REGULATIONS, »FWPCA,
FE'
"TIONS, U.S., "RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS, EIS,
257
-------
C013 ECONOMICS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP. OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, "DATA EASE, *U.S. NAVY,
C125 ECONOMICS, CRUDE 01^, STORAGE, PFTPOLEUM PRODUCTS, SAFETY, LEAKAGE, "UNDERGROUND SALT
CAVERNS,
0127 ECONOMICS, GIL TRANSPORT, L.S., STORAGE, TANKERS, POPTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
C152 ECONOMICS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, PETPOCHEMICALS ,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, LEGISLATION,
015S ECONOMICS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OXIDATION, PFTPCCHEMICA LS ,
P174 ECONOMICS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, FMULEIONS, SKIMMERS,
0216 ECONOMICS, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL, RECOVERY, FUFL OIL, REFINING,
0265 ECONOMICS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, FATE, FISHERIES, LAKES,
VENEZUELA, "LAKE MARACAIEC,
C298 ECONOMICS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, FISHERIES, LAKES,
VENEZUELA, "LAKE MARACAIBO,
0307 ECONOMICS, CLEANUP, FUEL OIL,
C"5 ECONOMICS, CALIFORNIA, EIODEGPADATION , MODELS, REFINEPIES , OIL SPILLS, "CRUDE OIL
COSTS,
C339 ECONOMICS, CLEANUP, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, PORTS, *EAY OF FUNDY ,
0-1J2 ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, "DRILLING VESSELS,
Ot?1 ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PPFVENTION,
SHIPS, LEGISLATION, LIABILITY,
O^U ECONOMICS, OIL SPILLS, INSURANCE, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LEGISLATION,
QU3Q ECONOMICS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WASTFWATFR TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
"INDUSTRIAL WASTES, "POLLUTION EFFECTS,
ECONOMICS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WASTEVATER TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
"INDUSTRIAL WASTES, "POLLUTION EFFECTS,
ECOSYSTEMS, COHTAMINA TION , CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, EIS, PIPELINES,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, STOPAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "FEA , "SALT DOMES,
EIS, FCCSYSTEMS, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, CIL SPILLS, PIPELINES,
EIS, ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "DRILLING VESSELS,
EIS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS , ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CIL-GAS LEASING, SANTA PAPBAPA
CHANNEL, "U.S.G.S.,
EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFFCTS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, TANKERS,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, SANTA PAPPAPA CHANNEL,
EIS, ECONOMIC EFFFCTS, CRUDE OIL, CANADA, REGULATIONS, U.S., "RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS,
"FEA,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, LEGISLATION, U.S., STOPAGE, OIL TANKS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
FALSIFICATION, CONTAMINATION, CLEANUP, STORAGE, CIL TANKS, "RESIDUAL OIL,
EMULSIFIERS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FISHFS,
EMULSIFIERS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, ^APINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, MASSACHUSETTS, "WEST FALMOUT^ SPILL,
EMULSIONS, REMOTE SENSING, OCEANS, OIL SLICKS, "THERMAL RADIATION, "FLUID FILMS,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, "ULTRAFILTRA TION ,
EMULSIONS, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, "CATIONIC POLYMERS,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PH CONTROL,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, "ULTPAFILTRATION MEMBRANES,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, TANKERS, OIL-WATEF SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION ,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP, TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
EMULSIONS, ECONOMICS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATFP TREATMENT, SKIMMERS,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TPFATMENT, OIL-V'ATEP SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATFP SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION,
EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
EMULSIONS, BILGES, ANALYTICAL TECHNICUES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, SPFCTROSCOPY , FUEL
OIL, LUBRICATING OIL,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, FILTRATION, INCINERATION, FUEL
OIL,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OIL, OIL-WATEF SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION,
FILTRATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, FILTRATION, OIL-WATFP SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, COAGULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION,
FILTRATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, OIL-WATEF SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, COAGULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
ENGLAND, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, FATE, FAF, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, ESTUARIES, "DIATOMS,
ENGLAND, CONTAMINATION, OCEANS, "ADVISORY COMMITTEE OH OIL POLLUTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, SCOTLAND, "SANDS OF FORVIE ,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFFCTS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, "SYMPOSIUM,
0277
0136
C277
03^.2
C'69
C371
0^22
0121
0285
029"
005?
C1UO
0111
0156
0166
0167
0166
0173
cm
0176
0162
0167
0166
C 193
C195
0196
0205
0208
0209
0301
0308
0128
0320
0002
0016
0017
258
-------
0025
0038
0039
00140
0068
0127
REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, VENEZUELA, 'BASELINE
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MCNITCPING, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
0136
0137
0162
01Q1
0222
0268
0296
0309
0312
0317
0318
C319
0322
0325
0327
0342
0344
0345
0346
0§49
0360
0361
0363
0364
0365
0367
0366
0369
0370
0371
0372
0373
0409
0423
0430
0441
0442
0443
0444
0445
0446
0327
0332
0013
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC
ENVIRONMENTAL
OIL DISCHARGFS , REFINERIES,
OIL DISCHARGES, REFINERIES,
OIL DISCHARGFS, REFINERIES,
OIL
OIL
OIL
STORAGE, TANKEPS, POFTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
GHEPP1 POINT REFINERY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, 'BASELINE STUDIES
SPILLS, WASHINGTON, *CHEPRY POINT REFINERY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MONITORING, 'BASELINE STUDIES
SPILLS, WASHINGTON, 'CHERRY PCINT REFINERY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CANADA, ANALYTICAL TECHNIOUES, "YDROCARBONS , SEAWATER ,
SPECTROSCOPi , REFINERIES, 'COME-P Y-CHANCE PAY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, CIL TRANSPORT,
CIL TRANSFER, *CIL TERMINAL, SCOTLAND, 'SULLOM VOE ,
~IS, C^UDF OIL, STORAGF, «FEA, *SAL" DOMES,
CRUDE CIL, STORAGE, »FEA, 'SALT DOMES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATE= DISPOSAL, OIL FIELDS, REFINERIES, OIL INDUSTRY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTE CIL, FRESHWATER, SEAWATER, RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, UK,
EFFECTS, ACUTF EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, *OIL POLLUTION,
EFFECTS, COASTS, OIL SPILLS, INDONESIA, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CANADA, ARCTIC, WATFP QUALITY, OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, 'MARINE POLLUTANTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FNG-AND, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, HEALTH HAZARDS, AROMATIC
HYDROCAPPONS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, 'NEV,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE CIL. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIOUES, MARINE
ORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, OCEANS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EJECTS, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATFRS, * 1 , 3-PUTADIENE
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, CIL SPILLS, TANKERS, POLLUTION
CONTROL, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHEDA?uCTO BAY, CANADA, EIODEGRADATION , FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS,
SHORELINES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL F^FECTS, EIS, ECONOMICS, OFFSHOPF DRILLING, 'DRILLING VESSELS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, U.S. GOVERNMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL SPILLS, PRODUCTION, SCOTLAND, 'SHETLAND
ISLANDS, 'SULLOM VOE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, GROUNDWATER, 'STREAMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TAP SANDS, EXTRACTION, PRODUCTION, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, CANADA, TAP SANDS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC FFFECTS , OFFSHOPF DEVELOPMENT, FLORIDA,
GUIDELINES, 'ONSHORE EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHOPF DEVELOPMENT, OCS, 'ONSHORE IMPACTS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST,
PRODUCTION, OCS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL
INDUSTRY, FISHERIES, SCOTLAND,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, CONSERVATION, SOCIAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL OIL
INDUSTRY, OCS, SCOTLAND,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, 'U.S.G.S.,
ENVIRONMENTAL FFFECTS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, TANKERS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC FFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, TANKERS,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION DEVELOPMENT,, COLORADO,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DECOMPOSITION, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, FATE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, LEGISLATION, U.S., STORAGE, OIL TANKS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS,
'GESAMP,
OIL SPILLS,
OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL WELLS,
TANKERS, PORTS, 'SUPERTANKERS, 'DEEPWATER PORTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, TANKERS, PORTS, 'SUPERTANKERS, 'DEEPWATER PORTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION , BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, 'TROPICAL WATERS,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OCS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC FFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OIL SPILLS, SOCIAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 'DATA PASF , 'U.S. NAVY,
ALASKA/GULF OF, 'ONSHORE EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
259
-------
00414
0135
0150
0247
0252
0253
0315
0350
0352
0353
0354
0356
0357
0358
0359
0362
0«17
0425
0008
0049
0062
0066
0301
0324
0405
0343
0426
0098
0390
0391
0394
0403
0080
0159
0349
0353
0365
0017
0259
0265
0284
0293
0300
0301
0316
0318
0392
0^93
0395
0397
0398
0399
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OCEANS, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS, WASTEWATERS, *IMCO,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATEP DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, COASTS, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA, PORTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION?, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL
DISCHARGES, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
CARIBBEAN SEA,
SKIPS,
POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES,
MARINE ORGANISMS, GUIDELINES,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONTAMINATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL INDUSTRY, 'EXXON, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL SPILLS,
TANKERS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, COASTS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANGEMENT, EXTRACTION,
ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
DELAWARE, LFGISLATION, U.S., OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
AUSTRALIA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SAFETY, OFFSHORE FPODUCTION,
OAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LIABILITY,
BALTIC SE;
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
•U.S.G.S.,
ENVIRONMENTAL PFOTECTION
LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS
ENVIRONMENTAL PFOTECTION
•U.S. EPA,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ATLANTIC
•U.S. BUREAU-LAND MANAGEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, WASTEWATERS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, *U.S. EPA,
ENVIRONMENTAL PFOTECTION, LEGISLATION, STATE GOVERNMENTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PORTS,
NORTH CAROLINA,
ENVIRONMENTAL PFOTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL PFOTECTION
OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS
ESTUARIES, BIRDS, BILGES, OIL SLICKS, UK, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
ESTUARIES, DRIFT, DELAWARE PAY, REMOTE SENSING, SPREADING, OIL SLICKS, MODELS, 'FRONTS,
ESTUARIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDPOCAPEONS, SPFCTPOSCOPY, MICROORGANISMS, NORTH
CAROLINA,
ESTUARIES, CARCINOGENS, CALIFORNIA, ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, SAN FRANCISCO BAY, PAH, FOOD
WEB,
ESTUARIES, ENGLAND, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, FATE, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, SFDIMFMTS, *EIATOMS,
ESTUARIES, EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, WATER QUALITY, FRESHWATER,
SEAWATEF, *U.S. EPA,
ESTUARIES, MODELS, OIL DISCHARGES, FATE,
EUROPE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL TRANSPORT, REGULATIONS, OIL
SPILLS,
EUROPE, CLEANUP, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OCEANS,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
EVAPORATION, DECOMPOSITION, CFUDF OIL, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, 'LASERS,
EVAPORATION, ADSORPTION, SEDIMENTATION, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, *SUBTIDAL
ENVIRONMENTS,
EVAPORATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, 'FREEZING CONDITIONS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
EVAPORATION, BEFAVIOF, OIL SLICKS, WEATHERING, SPREADING, TAR,
EVAPORATION, CRLDE OIL, EIODEGRADATION, FATE, OCEANS, WEATHERING,
EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS, SAMPLING, "FLUORESCENCE, 'HYDROGEN
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
EXTRACTION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, HYDROCARBONS, 'SOLVENT
EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TAR SANDS, PRODUCTION, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANGEMENT,
EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION,
FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, 'SYMPOSIUM,
FATE, CRUSTACEANS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, FISHES, MOLLUSKS,
'ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE STUDIES,
FATE, ECONOMICS. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATFRS, FISHERIES, LAKES,
VENEZUELA, 'LAKE MARACAIBO,
FATE, CRUSTACEANS, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, 'BLUE CRAB,
FATE, BIOLOGICAL FFFECTE, HYDROCARBONS, POLYCHAETES, 'NEANTHES ARFNACEODENTATA,
FATE, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, 'OYSTERS, 'CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA,
FATE, ESTUARIES, ENGLAND, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, PAP, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, 'DIATOMS,
FATE, CLEANUP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA,
FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
MARINE ORGANJSMS, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS,
FATE, CANADA, BEHAVIOR, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, SEDIMENTS, 'NOVA SCOTIA,
FATE, HYDROCARBONS, OIL SLICKS, WEATHERING, SEDIMENTATION,
FATE, DRIFT, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, 'DISCPETE-PARCEL-PANDOM-WALK MODEL,
FATE, DISTRIBUTION BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,, HYDROCARBONS, 'SALT MARSH,
FATE, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, FOOD WEE, MARINE ORGANISMS, MICROORGANISMS,
FATE, CRUDE OIL. COASTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEACHES, INDIA, «TAR BALLS,
260
-------
0101
0102
0103
0105
0*406
0408
0109
0113
0114
0115
0110
0163
01 3D
0193
0195
0196
0205
0206
0013
OC71
0259
02 6 1
0262
0283
0265
0'05
01C1
0260
0265
0298
0?29
0339
0367
0166
0169
0182
0192
0197
0198
0205
0009
0361
0163
0197
0117
0066
0398
0289
0153
0222
0282
0292
FATE
FATE
FATE
FATE
FATE
FATE
EICDEGRADATION, MOVEMENT, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, *CHEMOPECEPTION,
DFIFT, OIL SLICKS, 'WIND-WAVE TUNNEL, *WAVE DAMPING,
EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, EIODEGPADATION, OCEANS, WEATHERING,
METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, PHYTOPLANKTON, ZOOPLANKTON, FISHES, INVERTEBRATES,
ESTUARIES, MODELS, OIL DISCHARGES,
OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSION, GROUNDWATER,
FATE, CONTAMINATION, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, 'SEISMICIT1, *GROUND
SHAKING,
FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DECOMPOSITION, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC,
FATE, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, OCEANS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS,
FATE, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CHEDAEUCTO BAY, CANADA, BEACHES, FUEL OIL, SEDIMENTS, *WATEP
COLUMN, MARINE ORGANISMS,
FATE, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, *PHYSICAL CHANGES, 'CHEMICAL CHANGES,
FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, *ULTRAFILTRATION,
FILTRATION, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, OXIDATION, INCINERATION, FLOTATION,
FILTRATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OXIDATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, INCINERATION, FUEL
LUBRICATING OIL, OIL-WAT^F SEPARATION,
"OLLUSKS,
, TOXICITY,
•PHYSIOLOGICAL
FILTRATION
OIL,
FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT
FLOCCULATION,
FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION,
FILTRATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PH CONTROL,
FISHES, CRUSTACEANS, BIODEGRADATION, BALTIC SEA, BACTERIA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS,
FISHES, CONTAMINATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH,
FISHES, FATE, CRUSTACEANS, HYDROCfRPONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL
•ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE STUDIES,
FISHES, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS
FISHES, TOXICITY, FUELS, FRESHWATER, *JET ENGINE FUELS,
FISHES, EMULSIFIERS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY,
FISHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, INVERTEBRATES,
EFFECTS, 'BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS,
FISHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, METABOLISM,
FISHES, "ATE, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, PHYTOPLANKTON, ZOOPLANKTON, INVERTEBRATES,
FISHEPIES, PIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SCOTLAND, "CONFERENCE,
FISHERIES, FATE, ECONOMICS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, LAKES,
VENEZUELA, *LAKE MARACAIBC,
FISHERIES, ECONOMICS, BIOLOGICAL EFFFCTS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, LAKES,
VENEZUELA, *LAKE MARACAIBO,
FISHERIES, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, TOXICITY, LOUISIANA,
FISHEPIES, ECONOMICS, CLEANUP, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, PORTS, *BAY Oc FUNDY,
FISHEPIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFFCTS, COASTS, DCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE
PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, SCOTLAND,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, TANKERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, *POLYELECTPOLYTES,
EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, RFFINFPIES,
WASTEWATEP
FLOCCULATION,
FLOCCULATION,
FLOCCULATION,
FLOCCULATION,
FLOCCULATION, FILTRATION
PH CONTROL, SEDIMENTATION,
TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OIL, OIL-WATE"
SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OXIDATION, PH CONTROL, FLOTATION,
REFINERIES,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PH CONTROL,
COAGULATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER
FLOCCULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OXIDATION,
FLOCCULATION, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS,
SEPARATION,
FLORIDA, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TANKERS, 'U.S. COAST GUARD,
FLORIDA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
GUIDELINES, 'ONSHORE EFFECTS,
FLOTATION, FILTRATION, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OXIDATION, INCINERATION,
FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIFS, OXIDATION, PH CONTROL,
FLOTATION, DISPERSANTS, CLEANUP, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ADSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY,
OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, SKIMMERS,
FOOD WEB, ESTUARIES, CARCINOGENS, CALIFORNIA, ftLGAE, HYDROCARBONS, SAN FRANCISCO BAY,
PAH,
FOOD WEB, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, MICROORGANISMS,
FRANCE, DISPEPSANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFFCTS, OIL SPILLS, MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
•NORMAN COAST,
FRESHWATER, DISPOSAL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'ORGANIC WASTES, WATER QUALITY, SEDIMENTS,
SEAWATEP, HYDROCARBONS,
FRESHWATER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTE OIL, SEAWATER, RECLAMATION, RECYCLING, UK,
FRESHWATER, FISHES, TOXICITY, FUELS, 'JET ENGINE FUELS,
FRESHWATER, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, CANADA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROLEU" PRODUCTS,
•CHIPONOMIDAE,
261
-------
FRESHWATER, CRUDE OIL, 'PARTITIONING STUDIES, 'MEPCUPY, *HCS, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATEF,
FRESHWATER, ESTUARIES, E ICDEGRA DA 710'. , •JYCROCA PPON'S , TOXIOITY, WATEP QUALITY.
SEAh'ATER, 'U.S. EFA,
FUEL OIL, CPUDE CIL, CANAEA, CIL SPILLS, INLAND, U.S.,
FUEL OIL, CHESAPEAKE HAY, BIPDS, EEAC»ES, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, *OIL BARGE.
FUEL OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, OIL SFILLS, SCOTLAND, *SANDS OF FORVIE,
FUEL OIL, CONTAMINANTS, CHPOM'TOGFAD"Y. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
GASOLINE, 'FLUORESCENCE,
FUEL OIL, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL T"EAT"ENT, 'SCLID WASTES, 'SEWAGE, INCINERATION,
FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS, BILGES, ANALYTICAL TECFNTCUES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT,
SPECTRC3COFY, LUBRi:ATINO CL,
F'JEI OIL, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS. WASTFWATFP TREATMENT. CIL-WATEP SEPARATION,
INCINERATION,
FUEL OIL, CRANKCASE OIL. RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL,
FUEL OIL WASTE OIL ^FE'^MENT RECYCLING LUBRICATING- CIL LEGISLATION U.S.
FUEL OIL, ECONOMICS, RECYCLING, WASTE GIL, RECOVERY, REFINING,
FUEL CIL, FISHES, FA TF , f~F UST 4CEA NS , HYDROCARBONS, "APINE ORGANISE?, MCLLUSKS,
'ACCUMULATION AND RFLEASF STUDIES,
F'JE^ GIL, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, GIL SFILLS, SCOTLAND, POLLUTION CONTROL, 'RIVEF
YTt-.AN,
FUEL GIL, CPUSTAGFANS, CRUDE CIL. "HFjNIC F"FFCTS. ACUTF EFFECTS, "C7ICITY,
MBTARCLISM, *MUI CFAt,
FUE^ OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SFILLS, "FT; FOLIS", MOLL-U5K5, »MYA AFEKAFIA, "CARBON
r'Jiy .
FUEL OIL, EMULSI~IEFS, EICLOOICA: EFFECTS, OIL SPILL5, MARINE GfGA'
-------
HYL'FC 0 A v
f-'YDPCc;=DON~, °i:
HYDRCC;~Q"NS, uo>;
• r*' . ; !,-.'„'/• TPF
HYDPCC; PEON'S, MC'.K"
HYDPOOARpCNS , "ON
HYDPC CAFF' \S '. WCN
HYDRO Of F --N5 , M,;s
: ro',:':i:NMrK"T, CLEANUP,
c: "JLLIN^, PRODUCTION,
"-."•?"£.", POLLUTION COK'TPOL , *U.S. EFA
5 , "7L EISCi-.o^nES, WATER QUALITY,
47TF»i;, CHESAPEAKE BAY, *MERCUPY
'.'"CYSTIC HYDROCAPEONS, OFFSHORE
!'! 'CHARGES, TUNKEPS, PEFINERIES,
^•GINFERING! 'FLUORESCENCE,
' ~ , :'-ITi: SEA, *BLUE MUSSEL, *KIFL BIGHT,
1 . '^F^ICAL ANALYSIS,
•T. "T'UES, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
•',:; : '-', "-KOMATCGRAPHY, ADRIATIC SEA,
, *S'JBAKTAPC~IC PELAGIC EIRDS,
'•i- , ESTUARIES, FOOD WEE ,
FEEINERIES, CU
- ^ c n p v
".'. ""SIGN-ENGINEERING,
*f. • QUALITY, KATFP OUALITY,
; »'-JPFACE MI"RCLAYFR,
;*IO!, , *?LEOFHILIC MATERIAL,
'", CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS,
',":•', "SOLVENT EXTRACTION,
-i, • i-ijfi PRODUCTS ,
••.".•'\, MEI'ITFPRANEAK SE-
^' ^ V ENnn f ^NS
', r:N-~ , "HELICAL ANALYSIS,
; o: ; ^ "OYSTERS ,
.O/:. AVTON , PENTHOS, WATEP CUALITY,
> , 'SHELLFISH, «OIL POLLUTION,
•N^ANTHFS APENACFODENTATA ,
- ;-tp!Mp, *PALAE"ONETES PUGIO,
, *v'Y-:TirP£, *CPASSOSTPEA VIRGINICA,
-TTUAPI^S, ENGLAND, *DIATO"S,
»',Ar»TV'ALENE, «ALGAL PHYSIOLOGY,
-ASTEWATERS, * 1 , 3-BUTADIENE ,
TUARIES, FRESHWATER,
'•" ' OSPHO»US REQUIREMENTS,
3FJ.-LS, *CELLULOSIC SUBSTRATFS,
"GAN rS".S, FUNGI, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
-------
0390 HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTATION, OIL SLICKS, EVAPORATION, ADSORPTION, "SUBTIDAL
ENVIRONMENTS,
0393 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, OIL SLICKS, WEATHERING, SEDIMENTATION,
0397 HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, "SALT MAPSH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
0398 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, METABOLISM, FOOD WEB, MARINE ORGANISMS, MICROORGANISMS,
HYDROCARBONS, MOVEMENT, FATE, BIODFGRADATICN, MARINE ORGANISMS, "CHEMORECEPTION,
HYDROCARBONS, FATE, METABOLISM, PHYTOPLANKTON, ZOOPLANKTON, FISHES, INVERTEBRATES,
HYDROCARBONS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, DISPERSION, GROUNDWATER,
HYDROCARBONS, GROUNDWATEF, WATER QUALITY, DISPERSIONS,
HYDROCARBONS, DECOMPOSITION, JAPAN, "HEXADECANE, "SHIMODA BAY,
HYDROCARBONS, DECOMPOSITION, "HEXADECANE, SEAWATER, JAPAN,
HYDROCARBONS, PAH, OCEANS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, FATE,
HYDROCARBONS, ADSORPTION, OFFSHORF DRILLING, OIL TRANSPORT, "PAPTICULATE MATTER,
INCINERATION, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL, CANADA,
INCINERATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, SLUDGE, YUGOSLAVIA,
INCINERATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, FUEL OIL, "SOLID WASTES, "SEWAGE, DISPOSAL,
INCINERATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, OXIDATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, ADSORPTION,
INCINERATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
0406
0407
0410
041 1
041?
0416
0108
0119
0161
0163
0193
0219
0223
0225
0^99
0309
0152
0169
0207
0226
0214
0439
0448
001 1
0013
0015
0006
0018
0133
0428
0434
0440
0426
0431
0133
0135
0248
0252
0322
0427
0428
0429
0430
0431
0432
0433
0434
0294
0285
OIL,
FILTRATION, FUEL
INDIA, CRANKCASE OIL, RECLAMATION, REFINING,
INDIA, REFINING, RECYCLING, CRANKCASF OIL, WASTE OIL,
INDIA, RECYCLING, REUSE, CRANKCASE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL,
INDIA, CRUDE OIL, FATE, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGFAPHY, BEACHES, COASTS, *TAP BALLS,
INDONESIA, OIL SPILLS, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
INDUSTRIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, LEGISLATION,
INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, CONTAMINANTS, FLOCCULATION, *POLYELECTROLYTES,
INDUSTRIES, WATER DUALITY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REGULATIONS, *OIL POLLUTION, "SEWAGE,
INDUSTRIES, RECYCLING, SOLID WASTES, WASTEWATERS, WASTE OIL, PETROCHEMICALS, MANUALS,
INDUSTRIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA,
LEGISLATION, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
INDUSTRIES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, ECONOMICS,
•INDUSTRIAL WASTES, "POLLUTION EFFECTS,
INDUSTRIES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, ECONOMICS,
"INDUSTRIAL WASTES, "POLLUTION EFFECTS,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "SPILLS NEWSLETTER,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, ECONOMICS, "DATA BASE, »U.S. NAVY,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OIL SPILLS, CANADA,
INLAND, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, U.S., CANADA,
INLAND, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION, LIABILITY, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, "REPORTING REQUIREMENTS,
INSURANCE, TANKERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
LEGISLATION, LIABILITY,
INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, TANKEPS, SHIPS,
INSURANCE, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LEGISLATION, ECONOMICS,
INSURANCE, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OFFSHORE DRILLING, LIABILITY, "OIL RIG INSURANCE,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, LEGISLATION, EUROPE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OCEANS, OFFSHORE
PRODUCTION, OIL DISCHARGES, CLEANUP,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS,
LEGISLATION, LIABILITY, ECONOMICS,
INTERNATIONAL CONVFNTIONS, INSURANCE, TANKERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS,
LEGISLATION, LIABILITY,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OCEANS, OIL SPILLS, OIL
DISCHARGES, KASTEWATEPS, "IMCO,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, HYDROCARBONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL
DISCHARGES, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION
CONTROL, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, INSURANCE, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, TANKERS, SHIPS,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCEANS,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
"GESAMP,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
LEGISLATION, LIABILITY
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, INSURANCE, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, ECONOMICS,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, EMULSIFIERS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, MASSACHUSETTS, "WEST FALMOUTH SPILL,
INVERTEBRATES, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL FTFECTS, FISHES, ALGAE, "PHYSIOLOGICAL
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS,
ECONOMICS,
LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, "U.N. LAW OF THE SEA,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BALTIC SEA,
264
-------
EFFECTS '^ISCH^^ICAL F. ~c r "' ~
0290 INVERTEBRATES, TC>'I"ITY. >~-'„'!"•" ^:._, M«RTHF PAGANISMS, APCTIC, METABOLISM,
0404 INVERTEBRATES, HV 3C "-C.' H3".'. " . r"Yr, MFTiBCLIS" , f"YTOPLANKTON, ZOOPLANKTON, FISHES,
0097 IRELAND, RECOiLTPY, LI.. c: I.._ " , '>IM"E=S, DE^IGN-ENTINEEFING , BANTRY BAY,
0023 JAPAN, OIL SPILLS, CONTAIN AT I ,!>, , BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION
PREVENTION,
0138 JAPAN', n'ASTSWATEF TREfTMCNT, :'-AcTEf; SEPARATION, FLILGES, TANKEPS,
0220 JAPAN, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, pc "..A" ',TI ON" , REFINING ,
0221 JAPAN, WASTE 01^ TREATMENT SF~ ACTION, REFINING, LUBRICATING OIL, SOLVENTS,
0310 JAPAN, OIL SPIELS, CRUDE OIL, T/.N-'FPS, EEACHES, 'NIIGATA COAST,
0^10 JAPAN, ^YDROCAREON?, DECGM-OS!TICN, 'FEXADECANF, *.$HIMODA BAY,
0411 JAPAN, HYDROCARBON?,, D"0UP'SITIGN , »"EXADECANF , SEAWATFR,
0054 JAPAN/SEA OF, REMOTE SENSING, OIL TILLS. OIL SLICKS, SPREADING,
0264 LAKES, EIOLOGIC4_ EFFECTS, TIL COLLECTING AGENTS, VENEZUELA, "LAKE MARACAIBO,
0265 LAKES, GIL DISCHARGE?, w'ASTE*A TFP?,, D:OLCCICAL EFFECTS, FATE, FISHERIES, VENEZUELA,
ECONOMICS, *LAKE MARACAIDC,
0297 LAKES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, «.!., COLLECTING AGENTS, VENEZUELA, *LAKE KARACAIBO,
02Q8 LAKES, OIL DISCHARGES, WAGTEh'A TFDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, VENEZUELA,
ECONOMICS, "LAKE MARAGAIa",
032^ LAKES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAM-..I\'G, SEDIMENTS, DISTRIBUTION, *DREDGED SPOILS,
0232 LAW ENFORCEMENT, P" LLU~I ^-, r Rf I'FMION , RFGULA TIONS , *CIVIL PENALTIES, *U.S. EPA,
0420 LAV, ENFORCEMENT, LE"ICLATIO», , l.r., CIL DISCHARGES. 'FWPCA ,
0125 LEAKAGE, STOPAGF, CM, IE OI.., i-FTPOLFUN' PRODUCTS , SAFETY, FCONO^ICS , *UNDFHGROUND SALT
CAVERNS,
0018 LEGISLATION, INLSN:, CIL S?:^-~. POLLUTION PPFVENTICN, LIABILITY, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, *R£POF';iNG f-rCUI rfy f NTS ,
0023 LEGISLATION, JAPAN, CIL ?'-.. ^' , CONTAMINATION, EIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION
PPEVFNTION,
0133 LEGISLATION, INTE».N c~ I )/^ ^ c,
0210 LEGISL/TIoN, G',:: 0 ELIN'ES , WA, T- .I'.., DISPOSAL, RECYCLING, REUSE,
0214 LEGISLATION. WASTE 1I_ I hF A T'-'F,N I , FECYGLINC, FUEL CIL, LUBRICATING OIL, U.S.,
0237 LEGISLATION. D0;_ ' TI IN F RFV'f ;.'TT''. . CI_ SPILLS, STORAGE, DISCHARGES, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, «--«-:A,
0241: LEGISLATION, IN O.^I - IES , POLLUTION PPF'/FNTION, CIL SPILLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
CAf.
0417 LEGISLATION, ST«TE C ^''ERNMEN'T ' . FNVIPON'WENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHOPE DEVELOPMENT, PORTS,
NORTH CCPOLIN'.
0418 LEGISLATION, OFFSHCP.- D"V ELOP'-'FNT, J.5. CnVFRNMFNT, ST«TE GOVERNMENTS, NORTH CAROLINA,
0419 LEGISLATION, LIABILITY "'.;:., ;!„ SPILLS, 'COMPENSATION,
0420 LEGISLATION, LAV F.NFOPrFM"N'T, U.S., "II DISCHARGES, *FWPCA ,
0421 LEGISLATION, CIL SPILLS, LIAFILI.'Y, "PRIVATE DAMAGE SUITS, U.S.,
0423 LEGISLATION, U.S.. STOPAGF, "PUDF 1,1-, OIL TANKS, FIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0425 LEGISLATION, EN VI RCNMh ,\'T \L f-E "': Ff"! ^\i\ POLLUTION PREVENTION, LIABILITY,
0426 LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL A CPE; k'FNTS, EU"OPF, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OCEANS, OFFSHORE
PPODUC^ION, "I,. ^ISrHAPGF', '"LEAN'JF,
0431 LEGISLATION, IN^tf NATIOfJA'. CONVENTIONS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, SHIPS, LIABILITY,, ECONOMICS,
0432 LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ^lAPILITY, OIL SPILLS, *U.N. LAW OF THE SEA,
0434 LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENT!OH?, INSURANCE, OIL SPILL?, LIABILITY, ECONOMICS,
0016 LIABILITY, LEGISLiT::N , INLANL, ;I- ?PILLC, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, *PFDOqTING P-OUIPFMfNTS,
0133 LIABILITY, LTCISL.'TION , T':TF"N 9TI "N ^ CONVENTIONS, INSURANCE, TANKER?,
DESIGN-ENGINEE-INC, 01L SPILL?,
0250 LIABILITY, REGULATION?,, OIL SP1._?, TANKERS, SAFFTY, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
0356 LIAEILI"1!', L-GISL 2TT ",'. , L.S., ^--?HCPE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, DELAWARE, OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL "'R'~: - CTi'lN ,
o4iq LIABILITY, LtGicLA.: :i\, u.; . ::. spi^^r, 'COMPENSATION,
0421 LIABILITY, LrOISL£TIJA, CIl. SFIj_LC, 'PPIVATE DAMAGE SUITS, U.S.,
0425 LIABILITY, „• GIS-^"lu1 . , \ N V I'J0\' ^ENT \L PROTECTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
0428 LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL " •'•. V "NTIONS, INSURANCE, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, SHIPS,
0431 LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, POLLUTION
PRE: ENTION , ;f<: "c, ECOUCMI"-. ,
IIjN, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, *U.N. LAW OF THE SEA,
TION, IMERNAIIONAL CONVENTIONS, INSURANCE, OIL SPILLS, ECONOMICS,
CE, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OFFSHORE DRILLING, *OIL RIG INSURANCE,
265
-------
0062 LUBRICATING CIL, SOUPCF IDENTIFICATION,
SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHKIOUES,
"LUMINESCENCE,
016?
C168
0195
C213
02H
C215
0218
0221
022^
0225
0001
0226
0^35
0278
000^
OC20
0028
0067
007^
0126
0257
0256
025Q
0263
0266
0272
0276
0260
0281
0266
0290
029 1
029^
031 1
0315
0318
0325
0326
0328
0331
0351
0373
0391
0398
0401
OUU6
0052
0268
CPUDF CIL,
LUBRICATING OIL, UASTE OIL TREA T^EfiT , IISPOSAL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RECLAMATION,
LUBRICATING OIL, WASTEVATEF TREATMENT, BILGES, EMULSION?, ANALYTICAL TFCHtJIQUES,
SPECTROSCOPY, FUEL OIL,
LUBRICATING OIL, WASTEV.7TEP TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, CIL-V,'ATEP SEPARATION, FLOCCULATIOK ,
FILTRATION,
LUBPICATINC OIL, RECLAMATION, WASTE CIL, FUEL OIL, CRANKC&SF OIL,
LUBRICATING OIL, LEGISLATION, WASTE CIL TREATMENT, RECYCLING, FUEL OIL, U.S.,
LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, CHANKCASE CIL, RECYCLING,
WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, REFINING,
JAPAN, WASTE OIL TREATMFf.'T, RECLAMATION, REFINING, SOLVENTS,
LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, REUSE, WASTE OIL, FUELS,
LUERICATING CIL, INDIA, RECYCLING, REUSE, CRANKCASE OIL,
MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, OIL SPILLS, BEACHES, METULA OIL SPILL, TANKERS,
MANUALS, INDUSTRIES, RECYCLING, SOLID WASTES, WASTEWATEPS, WASTE OIL, PETROCHEMICALS,
MANUALS, GUIDELINES, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP,
MARINE MAMMALS, CONTAMINATION, CRUDE OIL, 'RINGED SEALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
MARINE ORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL,
LUBRICATING OI
LUBRICATING CI
:HESAPEAKE BAY, BEACHES, ?IFDS, *OIL BARGE,
MARINE ORGANISMS, CIL SPILLS, TANKE0
"UROUIOLA CIL SPILL,
MARINE ORGANISMS, "ONITOFING, SAMPLING, OIL
SEDIMENTS, SEAw'ATEF,
MARINE ORGANISMS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, *BE!JZO ( A ) PYPENE , CHROMATOC= APHY ,
"FLUOPIMETPY,
MARINE ORGANISMS
MARINE ORGANISMS
EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS
MARINE ORGANISMS
CLEANUP, DISPEPSANTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, SPAIN,
SLICKS, TAR, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
OHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGPAPHY, "SHELLFISH,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, CHRONIC
HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL FFFECTE,
HYDROCARBON, "CLLUSKS, "UPTAKE ANT DEPUTATION,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATF, FUEL CIL, FISHES, MCLLUSKS, CRUSTACEANS,
•ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE STUDIES,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ACUTE EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
REFINERIES, MONITORING,
MARINE ORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MASSACHUSETTS, "VEST F»LMOUTH SPILL
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PETROCHEMICALS, PUGET SOUND,
'LITERATURE RFFIEK,
MARINE ORGANISMS, PAH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ECHINODFPMS, »EGG DEVELOPMENT,
OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY, ACUTE EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
METABOLISM, CONTAMINANTS, TOXICITY,
MODELS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS, DISPEPSANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLLSKS, FRANCE,
MARINE ORGANISMS
MARINE ORGANISMS
MARINE ORGANISMS
MARINE ORGANISMS
•NORMAN COAST
MARINE ORGANISMS
MARINE ORGANISMS
INVERTEBRATES, TOXICIIY, CRUDE CIL, ARCTIC, METABOLISM,
BIOLOGICAL EFFFCTS, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, "OXYGEN CONSUMPTION,
MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, OIL SPILLS, FUEL CIL, FMULSIFIERS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, MASSACHUSETTS, "WEST FALMOUTH SPILL,
MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINATION, "MARINE FCOLOGY,
MARINE ORGANISMS, GUIDELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONTAMINATION,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL FFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, CRUDE OIL, FATE, OCEANS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, SHORELINES,
EIODEGFADATICN, CANADA, CHEDAEUCTC FAY,
MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CIL SPILLS, "DRILLING MUD
COMPONENTS,
MAPINF ORGANISES, OFFSHOPE PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MEXICO/GULF OF, VENEZUELA,
NATURAL SEEPAGE, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, TAP, BERMUDA COAST,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, COASTS, PPUD^OE BAY, ALASKA,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL FFFFCTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHOPE DRILLING,
MARINE ORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, BEHAVIOR, "FREEZING CONDITIONS, EVAPORATION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, METABOLISM, FOCD WEB, MICROORGANISMS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, MOVEMENT, FATE, BICDEGRADATION, "CHEMORECFPTION,
MAEINF ORGANISMS, FATE, FUEL OIL, CHEDAPUCTO BAY, CANADA, BFACHFS, SEDIMENTS, "WATER
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CIL SPILLS, PETROCHEMICALS,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL
COLUMN, CHROMIC EFFECTS,
MARINE ORGANISES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES
PUGET SOUND,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES
EFFECTS, TOXICITY,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL
SPILLS, EIODEGPADATION, "TROPICAL WATERS,
MARYLAND, HARBORS, REMOTE SENSING, RIVERS, WASTEWATERS, OIL DISCHARGES, WATER QUALITY,
MASSACHUSETTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "WEST FALMOUTH SPILL,
266
-------
0012
0252
0429
0274
0275
0279
0261
0284
C290
0300
0305
0306
0374
0380
0364
0385
0368
0396
0404
0001
0035
0334
0062
0^75
0377
0?7S
037Q
0^81
0^83
0-85
0398
0047
0049
0286
0335
0395
0405
0412
0030
0059
0258
0259
0261
0267
0279
0287
0289
0^00
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028
0029
0030
MASSACHUSETTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTfPTIDA^ ZONE, CIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, EMULSIFIEHS,
PIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "WEST FALMCIT" SPILL,
MEDITERRANEAN" 5E', '"-"YDROCA.FPO'.'S , CONTAMINATION, CIL DISCHARGE'S, T'NKERS, PEFIHFRIES,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION1 CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, CIL DISCHARGES,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
METABOLISM, HYDROCAPPONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
METABOLISM, TOXICITY, ACUTE EFEFCTS , CHRCMC
CRUSTACEANS, «MUD CRAP,
METABOLISM, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CIL SFII
FLUX,
MFTAPOLISM, MARINE ORGANISES, CONTAMINANTS, TOXICTTY,
METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CRUSTACEANS, *PLUF CPAE,
METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC,
METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, FATE, "OLLUSKS, 'OYSTERS, 'CPASSCSTPEA VIRGINIC
FUEL OIL, MCLLUSKS, *MYA, ARENARIA, 'CARBON
METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECT
FISHES
-OSC3PY, ESTUARIFS, NORTH
SEDIMENTS, CIL FIELDS,
MICROORGANISMS,
MICPOOPGANISWS,
MICROORGANISMS,
METABOLISM, BIOLOGICAL EFFFCTS, CPUDE CIL, POLYCHAETES, 'NFANTHES A RENACEODENTA.TA ,
METABOLISM, HYDROCAPBONS, BIODFr-PADATION, FUNGI, YEASTS,
METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, EIODEC»ADATI UN , BACTFRIA, »F»CSPHOVJS REQUIREMENTS,
METABOLISM, EIODEGFADATION, BACTFFIA, SOIL, FUEL CIL, CFANKCASF OIL, CPUDE CIL,
METABOLISM, HYDROCAPPONS, EI3DEGRAPATICN, MICROORGANISMS, FUNGI, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
METABOLISM, HARBORS, PIODBGRADATION, CONTAMINANTS, BACTFRi;, CHESAPEAKE BAY, '"BPCUPY
INHIBITION,
METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, FOOT «'FP, MICPOOPGANISf"S ,
METABOLISM, INVERTEBRATES, HYDRO"; f-PONS , FATE, FHYTOFLA NFTON, ZOOPLANF.TCN , FISHES,
MFT'JLA OIL SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, CIL SPILLS, PEAC"ES, TANKERS,
MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, BEACHES, C"FWICAL ANALYSIS,
MEXICO/GULF OF, MARINE ORGANISES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, VENEZUELA,
NATURAL SEEPAGE, SAKT& BA?BA'rA CHA.NKFL, TAP, PEnMUDA COAS1!,
MEXICO/GULF OF, GUIDELINES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, WASTEW^TEP TREATMENT, CFFSHOFE
PRODUCTION, ALASKA, CALIFORNIA,
MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPEC-
CAROLINA,
MICROORGANISMS, LOUISIANA, HYDROCAPPONS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS,
*PETROLEUM DISSOLUTION,
MICROORGANISMS, PIODFGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, «NUTPIENT ADDITION,
MICROORGANISMS, BIODFGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA. CLEANUP, "ONTTOPIN'G, OIL SPILLS,
MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATICN, CRUDE OIL, OXIDATION, BEACHES, MONITORING,
MICROORGANISMS, PICDEGPADATION, DECOMPOSITION, CRUD^ OIL, 'MINERAL OIL,
MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATICN, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, PAH, SOIL, *WATFPS,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGPADATION, OIL SPILLS, *CFLLULOSIC SUBSTRATES,
METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, PIODEGRSDATION, FUNGI, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCAPPONS, FATE, FOOD »'EE ,
MODELS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, DELAWARE BAY,
MODELS, PFMOTE SENSING, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE BAY, D^IFT, SPREADING, OIL SLICKS, 'FRONTS,
MODELS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
MODELS, ECONOMICS, REFINERIES, CIL SPILLS, PIODEGPA DA.TION , CALIFORNIA, "CRUDE CIL
COSTS,
MODELS, FATE, DRIFT, OIL SPILES, *DISCRETE-PARC£L-RANDOM-WALF MODEL,
MODELS, OIL DISCHARGEE, FATE, FSTUAFIEE,
MODELS, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, CANADA,
MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, DETECTION, PALTIC SEA, *PLUE "USSEL, "KIEL SIGHT,
MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROWATOGRAFHY, ADRIATIC SEA,
•MUSSELS, *GULF OF VENICE,
MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, 'UPTAKE AND DEPURATION,
MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARPOUS, FATF, FUEL CIL, FISHES, CRUSTACEANS,
•ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE STUDIES,
MOLLUSKS, PIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISPEPSA.NTS, CPUDE GIL, TOXICITY, 'RESPIRATION PATE,
MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, SEDIMENTS, NORTH SEA, 'OYSTERS,
MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, *MYA APENAPIA, 'CARBON
FLUX,
MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, PIOLOGICAL EFFFCTS, CRUSTACEANS, 'SHELLFISH, 'OIL POLLUTION,
MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, PIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FRANCE,
'NORMAN COAST,
MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, F1TF, 'OYSTERS, 'CRASSOSTPEA VIRGINICA,
MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, BILGFS, BALLAST, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "FLUORESCENCE,
'OIL-IN-WATER,
MONITORING, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, VENEZUELA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'BASELINE
STUDIES,
MONITORING, TAP, OCEANS, DETECTION, DISTRIBUTION,
MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, SAMPLING, STORAGE,
MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISM^, SAMPLING, OIL SLICKS,
SEDIMENTS, SEAWATEB.
MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, PEACHES, NEV JERSEY,
MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, "YDFOCARHONE, DETECTION, BALTIC SEA, 'BLUE MUSSEL, 'KIEL BIGHT,
TAP, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
267
-------
01)17
01)18
0267
0316
C101
0021
0026
0037
0053
0135
0238
02D1
0308
C313
03,18
0386
01)03
OH 1 3
OD15
0426
OD30
"FINERIES, OIL
OIL DISCHARGES, REFINERIES, OIL
m
MONITORING
MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHMCUF.S , SCUPCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, 'LUMINESCENCE
METHODS,
MONITOPINC, DBTBC'CICN, *CIL-IN-WATFR, SUIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
MONITORING, DETEC~ION, «O:L-IN-WATER, SHIPS, 'FLAME SPFCTPOSGOPY,
MONITORING, MEXICC/GULr Oc, HYDROCARBONS, PEACHES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
MONITOPING, REMOTE SENSING, CONTAMINANTS, PETCCLEUW PRODUCTS, WATER DUALITY, 'AIR
QUALITY,
MONITORING, REFINERIES, V! SHINGTON , 'PHYSICAL AND CHF'-'ICA.L CHARACTERIZATION, OCEAN'S,
'CHEPKY POINT REFINER1.
MONITORING, 'BASELINE 3TLLIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES,
SPILLS, WASHINGTON, CHERRY POINT EEFINEPY,
MONITORING, 'BASELINE STUDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SPILLS, WASHINGTON, 'CHEPP1 POINT REFINERY,
MONITORING, 'PASELINE STUDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SPILLS, WASHINGTON, 'CHERRY POINT REFINERY,
MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, COASTS, CANADA,
MONITOPING, TAR, OCEANS, PACIFIC OCEAK, DISTRIBUTION,
MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, BALTIC SEA, CRUSTACEANS, FISHES, BIODEGPADATION, EACTERIA,
MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL-VATE? SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
MONITORING, HYDROCARECNS, C'^FMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATGGPAPH^, PIRES, 'SUBANTA RCTIC
PELAGIC BIRDS, 'STCMACr OIL,
MONITORING. MARINE ORGANISMS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS. PAH. 'BENZO(A 1PYFENE , CVROMATOGRAPHY,
'FLUORIMEIRY, SEDIMENTS,
MONITORING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, REMOTE SENSING,
MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POOMS, SKIMMERS,
MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, ACUTE EFFECTS, CFPOMC EFFECTS. OIL SPILLS, PETROLE'JM
PRODUCTS, REFINERIES,
MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, 'OYSTERS, «CPASSOSTREA VIFGINIGA
MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CDUSTACEANS, TOXICITY, 'AMERICAN LOBSTER,
MONITOPING, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NCR?"- SEA, OIL SPILES, PIOLOCICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
MONITORING, MICROORGANISMS, PIODEGPADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS,
MONITORING, MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGPADATION, CCUDE OIL, OXIDATION, PEACHES,
MOVEMENT, MODELS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICES, DELAWARE BAY,
MOVEMENT, DRILLING, GIL SPILLS, BEAUFORT SEA, CANADA, *OIL-ON-ICE,
MOVEMENT, MARINE OPGAMSMS, UYDROCA P SONS , FATE, BIODEGRA DATION , *CHE."CPECEPTIC!v ,
MOVEMENT, MODELS, OIL SL:CKS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, CANADA,
NATURAL SEEPAGE, REMOTE SENSING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, 'FRAUNHOFER LINE DISCRIMINATOR
NATURAL SEEPAGE, MEXICO/GULF OF, MAEINF ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, VENEZUELA, S'NTA BAPBAPA CnANNEL, TAR, BERMUDA COAST,
NATURAL SEEPAGE, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 'COAL OIL POINT, 'GEOLOGIC HISTORY,
NEW JERSEY, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, BEACHES,
NEW YORK, CONTAMINATION, WASTE OIL, 'SEWAGE, BEACHES,
NORTH CAROLINA, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNICUES, SPECTPCSCOPY,
ESTUARIES,
NORTH CAROLINA, LEGISLATION, STATE GOVERNMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, PORTS,
NORTH CAROLINA, LEGISLATION, OFFSHOFF DEVELOPMENT, U.S. GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
NORTH SEA, MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS. TOXICITY, SEDIMENTS, 'OYSTERS,
NORTH SEA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, BEHAVIOR. FATE, CLEANUP,
NORTH SEA, MONITORING, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR,
POLLUTION CONTROL.
NORWEGIAN SEA, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
OCEANS, OIL TRANSPORT, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL DISC"ARGES, CARCINOGENS,
OCEANS, MONITOPING, TAR, DETECTION, DISTRIBUTION,
OCEANS, MONITORING, REFINERIES, WASHINGTON, 'PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION,
'CHERRY POINT PEFINERY,
OCEANS, MONITORING, TAR, PACIFIC OCEAN, DISTRIBUTION,
OCEANS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, EMULSIONS, 'THERMAL RADIATION, 'FLUID FILMS,
OCEAN'S, INTERNATIONA^, CONVENTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL SPILLS, OIL
DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, »I*CO,
OCEANS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GERMANY, WEST, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, COASTS,
OCEANS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, REGULATIONS, UK,
OCEANS, CONTAMINATION, ENGLAND, 'ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON OIL POLLUTION,
OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, 'MARINE POLLUTANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OCEANS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CRUDE OIL, FATE,
OCEANS, HYDPOCARBONE, BIODEGFADATION, BACTFPIA, REFINERIES,
OCEANS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING, PIODEGPADATICN,
OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, PAH, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, FATE,
OCEANS, FATE, OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, 'PHYSICAL CHANGES, 'CHEMICAL CHANGES,
OCEANS, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, EUROPE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHOPE
PRODUCTION, OIL DISCHARGES, CLEANUP,
OCEANS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
268
-------
0002 OCS, OFFSHQPE DRILLING, ATLANTIC COAST, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
C230 OCS. CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL TRANSPORT, ATLANTIC
COAST 'RESEARCH NEEDS 'U.S. EPA
C?2" OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
0344 OCS, OFFSHOPF DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, U.S. GOVERNMENT, ALASKA,
03^t! OCS, CAPIEBEAN SEA, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, PIPELINES ,
0352 OCS, OIL SPILLS, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0356 CCS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, U.S., OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DELAWARE, OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
036 < OCS. OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ATLANTIC COAST, 'ONSHORE IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0?6iJ CCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, *ONSHOPF EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ALASKA/GULF OF,
ATLANTIC COAST
0366 OCS, OFFSHOPE DRILLING, PRODUCTION, REGULATIONS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, *U.S.G.S.,
0367 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFFCTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHOPE PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY,
COASTS, FISHERIES, SCOTLAND,
036S CCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, OIL INDUSTRY,
DEVELOPMENT, SCOTLAND,
C36C OCS, Elf, OFFSHOPE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, *U.S.G.S.,
0260' OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, FISHERIES, SCOTLAND , 'CONFERENCE,
02^5 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, CONTAMINATION, CRUDE OIL, 'RINGED SEALS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
c?,27 CFF«ORF DEVELOPMENT, ocs, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
C34< OFFSHCHE DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHOEE DRILLING, EUROPE, OIL TRANSPORT, REGULATIONS, OIL
SPILLS,
OFFSHCSE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, U.S. GOVERNMENT, ALASKA,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL SPILLS, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
03^14 OFFSi-ORF DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ATLANTIC COAST, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
* U . Z . G . S . ,
03^6 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, U.S., DELAWARE, CIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
P357 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ATLANTIC COAST, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
•U.S. EPA,
0358 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SAFETY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, AUSTRALIA,
035Q OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ATLANTIC COAST, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
»'J.S. BUREAU-LAND MANAGEMENT,
0361 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, GUIDELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFFCTS,
COASTS, FLORIDA, 'ONSHORE EFFECTS,
C363 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ATLANTIC COAST, 'ONSHORE IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
0367 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHOPF PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY,
COASTS, FISHERIES, SCOTLAND,
C369 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, 'U.S.G.S.,
0408 OFFSHOPE DEVELOPMENT, FATE, CONTAMINATION, ALASKA/GULF OF, 'SEISMICITY, 'GROUND
SHAKING,
OU7 OFFSHOPE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH CAROLINA, LEGISLATION, STATE GOVERNMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, PORTS,
QUIP OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH CAROLINA, LEGISLATION, U.S. GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
0002 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, ATLANTIC COAST, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
023C OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, OIL TBANSPCPT, ATLANTIC
COAST, 'RESEARCH NEEDS, 'U.S. EPA,
0^09 OFFSHORE DRILLING, INDONESIA, OIL SPILLS, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0326 OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL FFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, 'DRILLING MUD
COMPONENTS,
0331 OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
03^2 OFFSHOR- DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL FFFECTS, ECONOMICS, EIS, 'DRILLING VESSELS,
034? OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, EUROPE, OIL TRANSPORT, REGULATIONS, OIL
SPILLS,
0366 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, PRODUCTION, REGULATIONS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, 'U.S.G.S.,
0373 OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
0^16 OFFSHORE DRILLING, HYDROCARBONS, ADSORPTION, OIL TRANSPORT, 'PAPTICULATE MATTER,
0^6 OFFSHORE DRILLING, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REGULATIONS, PRODUCTION,
•julo OFFSHORE DRILLING, LIABILITY, INSURANCE, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, 'OIL PIG INSURANCE,
OM2 OFFSHORE DRILLING, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL WELLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0236 OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, HYDROCARBONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, MEDITERRANEAN SEA
0317 OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, HYDROCA PPOM.S, HEALTH HAZARDS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ATLANTIC COAST, 'NEW ENGLAND,
0^28 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MEXICO/GULF OF, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL
269
-------
EFFECTS, VENEZUELA, SANTA BARBARA CrANPJEL, TAR, BERMUDA COAST,
032Q OFFSHOPE PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ^ISHFPIES. CPUDE OIL, TOXICITY, LOUISIANA,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MEXICO/GULF OF, GUIDELINES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, WASTEWATFP
TREATMENT, ALASKA. CALIFORNIA,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION. t.OFTH SEA, "ONI TORINO, CIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, EEHSVU?,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
03^6 OFFSHOPE PRODUCTION, OCS, CAPIBBFAN SE', PIDELINES ,
035C OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CIL INDUSTRY, "EXXON, OIL SPILLS,
TANKERS,
0355 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OFFS"0DF DFVELC pMEN'T , ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SAFETY, AUSTRALIA,
036^ OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL, EFFECTS, "ONSHCRE EFFECTS, ALASKA/CUuF OF,
ATLANTIC COAST,
Q3kn OFFSHOPE PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL "FFECTS„ CIL INDUSTRY,
COASTS, FISHERIES, SCOTLAND,
0'71 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFFCTE, CIL SPILLS,
PIPELINES, TANKERS, SANTA EAPEARA CHANNEL,
0^26 OFFSHORE PRCDUCTI01 , OCEANS, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, EUROPE, PCLLUTICN
PREVENTION, OIL DISCHAPCES, CLEANUP,
OL-7 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, GUIDELINES, REGULATIONS, CIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION CONTROL , *U. S . S,
OC05 OHIO, PIPELINES , CRUDE OIL, *OIL TERMINAL FIPE,
OIL DISCHAPGES, MEDITERRANEAN SFA , HYDPCCAPPOIIS , CONTAMINATION, TA.NKEFS, REFINERIES,
OIL DISCHAPGES, OCEAN'S, 01. TRANSPORT, CBUDE OIL, PFTPCLEU" PRODUCTS, CARCINOGENS,
OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING. "BASELINE STUDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PBrINERIES, OIL
SPILLS, WASHINGTON, CHEPFY FCINT REFINERY,
003C CIL DISCHAPGES, MONITORLNC "BASELINE STULIES, EHVIHONMFNTAL FFFFOTS, =FFINFRI~S, CI-
SPILLS, WASHINGTON, »CHr"FY PCINT P"FI\'FPY,
OO^C CIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING. "BASELINE STULIFS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RFFINECIFS, CIL
SPILLS, WASHINGTON, "CHERRY POINT Ft FINERY,
G0r2 OIL DISCHARGES, MARYLAND. "APPOPS, REMOTE SENSING, FIVERS, WA STEWA T"E , WATER CUALITi,
OIL DISCHAPGES TANKERS REGUL-TTONS SAF^^Y
CIL DISCHARGES , TANKFPs', CONTAMINATION, CIL TFA.NSPCPT, BALLAST, POLLUTION CONTROL,
PECULATIONS,
OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CIL
SPILLS, WASTEWATEPS, «IMCO,
CIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "TESTING, "01- CONTENT MFTERS ,
02^ OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
U.S., CANADA, COMINOEUCY PLANNING,
02^2 CIL DISCHARGEE, ME DITEF P ANEA!. SEA, INTr PN ATIONAL CONVENTION'S, POLLUTION CONTROL,
ENVI RCN'MENTAL F PC 1 E C TI ON ,
C2fc^ OIL DISCHARGES, LAKES. WASTEWATEPS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FATF, -ISHEHIFS, VENEZUELA,
ECONOMICS, "LAKE MAPAC'IBO,
029: OIL DISCHARGES, LAKES, WASTEWATEPS, BIOLOGICAL FpFiOTS, FISHERIES, VENEZUELA,
ECONOMICS, *LA.*:E M/,PACAI?"\
Cl1-?" OIL DISCHARGEE, MODELS, FATE, FSTUA* IES ,
OA2C CIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, iAn ENFORCEMENT, U.S., "FWPC/,
0^26 OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHQRC PRODUCTION, OCEANS, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGPEFPEN".: ,
EUROPE. POLLUTION D"EV[rNTION, CLEANUP,
OIL DISCHARGES, INTERN 1TIONAL CONVENTIONS, PCLLiJiION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
CI_ DISCHARGES, MEDITE«ANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
CIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, BALTIC SEA, SHIPS,
01- DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE =PODUCTICN, GUIDELINES, REGULATIONS, POLLUTE CONTROL, *.".;. i
OIL FIELDS, WASTFWATFF DISPOSAL, PFFIVFJFIFS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY,
OIL FIELDS, WASTE CI,. DISDCSA.., REGULATIONS, STATE GOVERNMENT", TEXAS,
OIL FIELDS, MICROORGANISMS, LOUISIANA, «YDROCABBONS, COMICAL EFFECTS, SEDIMENTS,
"PETROLEUM DISSOLUTION,
036= OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSH"CE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, EIS, FNVIFON^FNTAL EFFECTS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL, "U.S.G.S.,
OIL INDUSTRY, RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, PUGFT SOUND, WASHINGTON, "SPILL RECOVERY VESSEL,
OIL INDUSTRY, INCINERATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETFOCHFMICALS, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, OMDATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, ADSORPTION,
0191 CIL INDUSTRY, OIL FIELDS, WASTEWATFR DISPOSAL, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
02?1 OIL INDUSTRY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, PFAUFOPT SEA. CANADA, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES,
02UO OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION CONTROL, WATER CUALITY, 'ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION,
0336 OIL INDUSTRY, ALASKA, PRODUCTION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS.
0337 CIL INDUSTRY, REFINEBIFS, CRUDE OIL, REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, HASTEWATFP
TREATMENT, "U.S. EyA.
0^38 OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES CPUDE OIL, REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, "U.S. E=A.
C'<«5 CIL INDUSTRY, 01- SPI-LS . ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, SC01LAND, "SHETLAND
ISLANDS, "SULLC.M VOE,
C.fO OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, 'EXXCN, OIL SPILLS,
TAIiKERE.
03£7 OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OFFSHOPE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
-------
F PADIOMETRY,
",'".' ii', , TA c ,
': i " .'' ,
' lf- 'f I^NTI^ICATION , 'LUMINESCENCE
'• 'TUl'TES, ENVI>iON»ENTTAL EFFECTS,
-,- :i.ir:i:5, ENVIPONMFNTAL EFFECTS,
.;'rrur :rs, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT?,
-'-.Tin1!, *F"A'JNHOFEP LINE DISCRIMINATOR,
,,- , 'HFOWJTTGPAPHY, 'LUMINESCENCE,
'• '!1N'j:"".:c .' 'L'JMINFSCFMCE SIGNATURES,
:N'rr :,T:ON, 'SOLVENT COMPENSATION,
, -,'-tr-POwF7Pl , SAMPLING,
'• L. ''".••5';FNCE, 'HYDROGEN EXTRACTION,
. /''•: YV; . 7EC"NIOUES, REMOTE SENSING,
•rl"", /.N'LYTICAL TECHNIOUES,
-------
008^
008U
0085
Q087
0088
0089
0090
0091
0093
0094
0096
0097
0098
0100
0101
010?
0103
01014
0106
0108
0109
0110
0111
01 12
OTH
01 14
0115
0116
0116
0120
0122
0123
0124
C128
0132
0133
0135
0117
0160
0227
0226
0229
C230
0231
0235
0237
0238
0239
0211
0243
0244
0245
0246
0247
0249
0250
0251
025^
0256
"LUMINESCENCE, CPUDF OIL,
CIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDFNTIFICATION,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "PHOSPHORESCENCE,
OIL SPILLS, SCUPCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SAMPLING,
OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS,
OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA,
OIL SPILLS, CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, "MATERIALS EVALUATION,
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
CONTAINMENT, BOOKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS,
CIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
CIL SPILLS
SKIMMERS,
RECOVERY,
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CIL INDUSTRY, RECOVERY, PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON, "SPILL RECOVERY VESSEL,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "FERROMAGNETIC POLYFOAM CHIPS,
RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, IRELAND, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BANTRY BAY,
OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, EVAPORATION, DECOMPOSITION, "LASERS,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "U.S. NAVY, "POLYURETHANE FOAM
CHIPS,
OIL SPILLS, NORWEGIAN SEA, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, ABSORPTION,
RECOVERY, SPAIN, TANKERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "UROUIOLA OIL SPILL,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, BOOMS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
INCINERATION, CLEANUP, DISPOSAL, CANADA,
OIL TRANSFER, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, SURFACTANTS,
CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, SURFACTANTS,
CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "EQUIPMENT EVALUATION,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, ADSORPTION, "POLYETHYLENE FOAM,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "COLD WATER'
RECOVERY,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY, PECULATIONS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CANADA,
SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, "FERROMAGNETIC GRANULES,
OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, CHRONIC
EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSFER, TOXICITY, "HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS,
OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, INSURANCE, TANKERS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, WASTEWATERS, "IMCO,
OIL SPILLS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, CONSERVATION, AUSTRALIA,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CLEANUP, PERSONNEL TRAINING, UK, "POLLUTION CLEANUP FILM,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, PIPELINES, ALASKA, CLEANUP, RESTORATION,
OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, "U.S.C.G.,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, DCS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL TRANSPORT, ATLANTIC
COAST, "RESEARCH NEEDS, "U.S. EPA,
OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, BEAUFORT SEA, CANADA, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES,
OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SWEDEN,
OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, STORAGE, DISCHARGES, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, "FWPCA,
OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GERMANY, WEST, POLLUTION PREVENTION, COASTS,
OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
OCEANS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, REGULATIONS, UK,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, AUSTRALIA,
LEGISLATION, INDUSTRIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
CANADA, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
U.S., CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, BEAUFORT SEA,
OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PORTS,
OIL SPILLS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING, CLEANUP, BEAUFORT SEA, BOOMS, SKIMMERS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, REGULATIONS, TANKERS, SAFETY, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, POLLUTION CONTROL, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, PERSONNEL
TRAINING, CLEANUP, "FIELD TESTS,
OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, U.S., CANATJA, CLEANUP,
RESTORATION, BIRDS.
OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, BOOMS, SKIMMERS,
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
OIL SPILLS
272
-------
0263 OIL ; FILLS. N'PMT FING,
PPCiEUCTS, FEr;f,F"IEc ,
0268 OIL SKILLS, >•-' ss i ~i:us± ?T.' , '»/ci,',r OR;;; :. is-s , PIOLOOICAL AFFECTS, *WE?T FALMOUTH SPILL,
0270 OIL SPIELS, c: „ :. ;•"; crrF---_ m-^ -,Iui PIRCS, SITITLAM:, POLLUTION CONTROL. *FIVFF
Yin A', ,
027i OIL SPILL;', ?:OL;, ~;>-AL FFFF'T , ?i>~;, CANADA, *B«Y OF FUNPY, CHPOKIC FFFECTS,
0272 OIL SPILL:, MAP:V>~ - *•',[•' :s>--c. -ULOCI'AL FFFECTS, PETROCHEMICALS, PUCET SOUND,
•LITERATURE ft .TFV. ,
0273 OIL SFILLf Cl;FON;~ KFF- "".' , .' ' T- Fr~ECTS, PTPP0., POLLl'TIO'v PREVENTION, CONEE PVA TICN ,
C277 OIL SPILLS, CO'- " = NIN ATIC.', , OFF MC EF'FCTS, rCOSYSTE^S, EIS, PIPELINES, ALASKA,
0279 OIL SPILLS, M^Ll^T-KS. METAl""., " , rI.,'0:CPL FFFECTS, EU^L OIL, * MYA ARENARIA, 'CARBON
FLUX,
0280 OIL SPILLS MART>r OPGAM"":'. : SFFE5 f '•'"'S . TrXjOITY, ACUTE EFFECTS, CHPONIC EFFECTS,
0286 OIL SPJL^S. MCrF.S. MtPIVE OF.f-^vC. FTOLOCICAL FFrFCT?,
0266 OIL SPILLS, ENV I P"f>'E N'TAl ~FF^/": '.'---r^ E:--rciS,
0289 OIL SPILES, MCLLrSK" , ^AFINF ' rC', \ I S"S , CI,~PFPS ANTS , BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FRANCE,
*NCRMAN COAST.
02QU OIL SPIL_S, v/Sr.",'F 'FTT'. •'[•''.'." ;/.,"-- r;iSKS , INTEPTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, E!^ULSIFIERS,
EIOIOGICAL r-"T.:?, "uts: -/.-'C^TF SPILL,
0295 OIL SPILES. «i::^;r::AL FF'FC": ^JCT^FI;, ALGAF, FRESHWATER, CANADA,
3'05 JlIL SPILES. FIrlr::'"AL FfrF"T' :If-:5, -SNSDA, COASTS,
0309 OIL SP:LL;, CFFS-;F^ DBIL^-IM", . IMVM-TIA, COASTS. FNVIPONMFNTAL EFFECTS,
C310 OIL SPILES. JAIA', SnuCE CI.. "'4KKEPS, FFACPFS, »NIIGATA COAST,
0312 OIL SPILLS, kJI'f' '.'.4LITV. FK T » !.»~\">'-^ FFrFCTS. ARCTIC, CANADA,
0316 OIL EPILi.S, " ';:\:sv-5, •; .'^FJP/."";;, OLFAMUP, *MUTPIENT ADDITION,
0376 OIL SFILLS, 51 ODEG - A : " 7 I ON , ;.C;N.F BALLAST, EILGES, OIL TANKS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT,
RECLAMATION, PF^ff 'L"UW P^^.r"--.^
0377 OIL SFILLi, MOUTTOF.IN1. F ICF :'"F" A \ \ ,SMC , r]IODEGRA DATION , CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, CLEANUP,
0383 OIL SPILLS, riCFCOPCS'^ISMS, F . OFOO A P?-»J5 . 3IODFGPADATION , 'CFLLULOSIC SUBSTRATES,
0391 OIL SPILLS, MARINE OF ~, AN I SMS , BEf.A.'IOH, 'FREEZING CONDITIONS, EVAPORATION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,
03^2 OIL SPILLS, F;TE. pErM:nF, i-fr?:, SFMMENTS, CANADA, »NOVA SCOTIA,
0395 OIL SF1LL5. MOTELS, OATE, I" ITT *TI SORE FE-PAFCFL-RANDOM-WA LK MODEL,
0397 OIL SFILLS, '-'I'F'FOCtFFC^O, CAT: !'l SI PI P'J1: ION , "SALT MAPSH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
0406 OIL SPILL.', HiDFO-APFOf.S, FATE. 'I=PEPS10N, OROUNDWATFP ,
0^13 OIL SPILLS, OCEAN0, -> DPCC-' pPOf.S . ! A •-' , '• iJRCF IDENTIFICATION, PLANTS, FATE,
0415 OIL SPILLS, OCEANS. FAT-, PTPLIO -.RAPF-I ES , "PFYSICAL CHANGES, 'CHEMICAL CHANGES,
0419 OIL SPILLS, LIAFJLIT/ LFGISI ; I . >"'V , f'.O., 'COMPENSATION,
0421 OIL SKILLS, LlAEILIT':, LFCl^L': . K' *P>-TVATF DAMAGE SUITS, U.S.,
0427 OIL SFILLS, C : .. L ISO M; R GFS , It TF^'TIC N ' : CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
0428 OIL SPILLS, LIAEI I I\ . INTF ?\ r T: r !-.; L '. OtJ\ FNTIONS , INSURANCE, TANKFRS, SHIPS,
0430 OIL SPILL;, OCFA-IO. INTERNET:; ?,; ONVF* "IONS, CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
•GEiAf- ,
OU32 CIL SFIL.S] LIAFILITV, LEGISL, ," T I ; ',' , INTE '- NATIONAL CONVENTIONS, *U.N. LAW OF THE SEA,
273
-------
01)35
0138
0111
0115
0116
0117
C095
0121
0131
0376
0123
0109
0130
0132
01 31
0231
0370
0021
0127
C128
0129
0230
0311
0313
0370
0116
006'
0095
0101
0109
01 12
01 18
0119
0123
0138
0139
0110
0141
0112
0113
CiHi
0115
0116
0118
0151
0156
0157
0159
0160
0163
0161
0165
0166
0167
0168
0171
0173
0171
0176
0177
0179
OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, INSURANCE, ECONOMICS,
OIL SPILLS, MANUALS, GUIDELINES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROCHEMICALS,
PUGET SOUND,
OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL
OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES
EFFECTS, TOXICITY,
OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
EFFECTS, BIODEGPADATION, *TPOPICAL WATERS,
OIL SPILLS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, SKIMMERS,
ADSORPTION, DISPEPSANTS, FLOTATION,
OIL TANKS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CLEANUP, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REUSE,
OIL TANKS, CLEANUP, CONTAMINATION, STORAGE, «RESIDUAL OIL, EMULSIFICATION ,
OIL TANKS, STORAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'ACOUSTIC EMISSION METHODS,
OIL TANKS, OIL SPILLS, EIODEGRADATION, CLEANUP, BALLAST, BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
RECLAMATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
OIL TANKS, LEGISLATION, U.S., STOPAGF , CRUDE OIL, FIE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OIL TRANSFER, OIL, SPILLS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL TRANSFER, PORTS, 'RISK ANALYSIS,
OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, REGULATIONS, TOXICITY, 'HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS,
OIL TRANSFER, "OIL TERMINAL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SCOTLAND, 'SULLOM VOE,
OIL TRANSFER, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CRUDE OIL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *SAFLOTE CIL HOSE,
OIL TRANSFER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, TANKERS,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CARCINOGENS,
CIL TRANSPORT, U.S., STORAGE, TANKERS, PORTS, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OIL
OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETEFIORATION, CHRONIC
TRANSPOR1
EFFECTS,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS, CONTAMINATION, BALLAST, POLLUTION CONTROL,
REGULATIONS,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, DCS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ATLANTIC
COAST, 'RESEARCH NEEDS, *U.S. EPA,
OIL TRANSPORT, POLLUTION CONTROL, STORAGE, PRODUCTION, STATISTICS,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OFFSHCPE DEVELOPMENT, EUROPE,
REGULATIONS,
OIL TRANSPORT, CIL TRANSFER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PIPELINES, TANKFPS,
CIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, HYDROCARBONS, ADSORPTION, 'PAPTICULATE MATTER,
CIL-WATER SEPARATION, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL TANKS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CLEANUP, REUSE,
OIL SPILLS, NORWEGIAN SEA, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, RECOVERY,
OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
HYDROCARBONS, RECOVERY, APSORPTION, 'OLEOPHILIC MATERIAL,
OIL SPILLS, PECOVEPY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
JAPAN, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, BILGES, TANKERS,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, DESIGN-ENCIHEEFING, 'FLOATABLE BARGES,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATEP SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATEP SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TRFATUENT,
WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTFWATEP
TREATMENT
WASTEWATFP TREATMENT
WASTEWATEP
WASTEWATEP
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
EMULSIONS, FILTRATION, 'ULTRAFILTRATION,
EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
COALESCENCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
FMULSIONS,
SHIPS,
COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, BILGES,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATEF SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
BALLAST,
OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, TANKERS, REFINERIES, OIL WELL
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTFWATER TREATMENT
Oil,-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, HYDROCARPONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'SOLVEN
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, CIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL INDUSTRY, INCINERATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
PETROCHEMICALS, OXIDATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, ADSORPTION,
EMULSIONS, "CATIONIC POLYMERS,
DETECTION, CONTAMINATION,
EXTRACTION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WA3TEWATFP TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
SHIPS, BALLAST, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
COAGULATION, OXIDATION, SLUDGE,
EMULSIONS, PH CONTROL,
EMULSIONS, 'ULTRAFTLTRATICN MEMBRANES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, TANKERS, FLOCCULATION,
BILGES, SHIPS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATFP TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, SKIMMERS, ECONOMICS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATFF TREATMENT, REFINERIES, USSR,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTE OIL, BILGES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL-WATEF SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
OIL-WATEP SEPARATION
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
274
-------
0180
0181
cis?
0186
0187
C193
019"
0195
0196
0198
020^
020"
0205
0206
0208
0209
0212
04"7
0148
0242
0255
0"42
0158
016?
0165
018"
0197
0198
0378
0042
0014
0067
0066
0069
007"
0079
0276
0301
0381
0113
0227
0239
0244
0251
0025
0147
0152
0158
0163
0226
0272
0382
0438
0439
0448
0021
GIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, "SULFUR,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, ADSORPTION,
OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION, ADSORPTION,
OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, WASTEWATFF TREATMENT, COALESCENCE, "OIL WETTABILITY,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COALESCENCE, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CIL-V.'ATEP SEPARATION, INCINERATION, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, FILTRATION, FUEL
OIL,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEKATBP TREATMENT, DFSIGN-EKGINEFRING. "COANDA EFFECT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, LUPRICATING OIL, rtAPTEWATEP TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULA.TICN,
FILTRATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTFWA.TEP TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, FILTRATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PH CONTROL, OXIDATION,
FLCCCULATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PETPOLFU'-' PRODUCTS, ADSORPTION, "SKIMMING,
OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION, FLOCCULATICM,
FILTRATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION, PH CONTROL,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, EMULSIONS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEKS, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, REUSE,
OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, OIL SPILL?, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CLEANUP, RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
ADSORPTION, DISPFRSANTS, FLOTATION,
OIL WELLS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, TANKERS, REFINEPIES,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL WELLS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DETECTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DRILLING,
OIL WELLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING,
OIL WELLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OXIDATION, PEFINEFIES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, ECONOMICS, PETPOCHFMICALS,
OXIDATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL INDUSTRY, INCINERATION, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT,
PETROCHEMICALS, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, ADSOFPTION,
OXIDATION, CIL-WATEF SEPARATION, WASTEWATFR TREATMENT, COAGULATION, SLUDGE,
OXIDATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETPOLEU^ PRODUCTS, FILTRATION,
REFINEPIES, PH CONTROL, FLOCCULATION, FLOTATION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES
PH CONTROL,
OXIDATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT,
OXIDATION, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION,
FLCCCULATION,
OXIDATION, MONITORING, MICROORGANISMS, EIODEGBADATION, CRUDE OIL, BEACHES,
PACIFIC OCEAN, OCEANS, MONITORING, TAR, DISTRIBUTION,
PAH, HEALTH HAZARDS, CONTAMINATION, *FOODS, CARCINOGEN?,
PAH, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "EENZO(A ) PYRENE, CHROMATOGRAPHY ,
"FLUORIMETRY, SEDIMENTS,
PAH, HYDROCARBONS, ALGAE, SAN FRANCISCO PAY, CARCINOGENS, ESTUARIES, FOOD WEB,
CALIFORNIA,
PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, PETPOLFU" PRODUCTS, GASOLINE,
PAH, FISHES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CONTAMINATION,
PAH, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROKATOGPAPHY, "SHELLFISH,
PAH, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, E7HINODF.RMS, *EGG DEVELOPMENT,
PAH, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, SEDIMENTS, ESTUARIES, ENGLAND, "DIATOMS,
PAH, MICROORGANISMS, PIODEGRADATICN, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, SOIL, "WATERS,
PAH, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PLANTS, FATE,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, UK, "POLLUTION CLEANUP FILM,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION', INDUSTRIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, POLLUTION CONTROL, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, CLEANUP, "FIELD TESTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, MONITORING, REFINERIES, VENEZUELA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "BASELINE
STUDIES,
PETROCHEMICALS, OIL SPILLS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, CONSERVATION, AUSTRALIA,
PETROCHEMICALS, LEGISLATION, INDUSTRIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ECONOMICS,
PETROCHEMICALS, OXIDATION, REFINEPIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ECONOMICS,
PETROCHEMICALS, OXIDATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL INDUSTRY, INCINERATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, ADSORPTION,
PETROCHEMICALS, MANUALS, INDUSTRIES, RECYCLING, SOLID WASTES, WASTEWATFRS, WASTE OIL,
PETROCHEMICALS, OIL SPILLS, MARINF ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PUGET SOUND,
"LITERATURE REVIEW,
PETROCHEMICALS, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTF"IA,
PETROCHEMICALS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
PUGET SOUND,
PETROCHEMICALS, INDUSTRIES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WASTEWATFR TREATMENT, ECONOMICS,
"INDUSTRIAL WASTES, "POLLUTION EFFECTS,
PETROCHEMICALS, INDUSTRIES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ECONOMICS,
"INDUSTRIAL WASTES, "POLLUTION EFFECTS,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OlL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, CRUDE OIL, CARCINOGENS,
275
-------
0036
OO&Q
OCSA
OOQ2
01 16
0125
0175
C1S3
0202
020i
0263
0292
0376
0166
0192
0197
0206
0269
04 OH
0226
02^7
037C
0371
033C
OM13
0019
0129
0151
0155
0172
0199
0239
02^0
02^6
0251
0252
0253
0270
0§22
031^7
0362
001 1
00 IB
0023
0131
0152
0190
:>E CIL, SAFFTY, ECONOMICS, "UNDERGROUND SALT
PETROLEUM PPODUCTS, MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, CONTAMINANTS, WATER QUALITY, "AIR
QUALITY,
PETROLEUM PPODUCTS, PAH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHPOMATOGRAPFY, GASOLINE,
PETROLEUM PPODUCTS, CIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION', CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING,
PETFOLEUW PRODUCTS, CONTAINMENT, FUELS, STORAGE, ARCTIC, *SPILL CONTAINMENT DIKE'S,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, RECOVERY, CRUDF CIL, DFSIGN-FNGINEEEING, *COLD WATER
RECOVERY,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, LEAKAGE,
CAVERNS,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, PFFINERIES,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, RECOVERY, CONTAMINANTS,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OXIDATION, WASTEWATE" TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HYDROCARPONS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
PETPOLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ADSORPTION, 'SKIMMING,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISES, ACUTE EFFECTS, CHRONIC
EFFECTS, REFINERIES,
PETROLEUM PPODUCTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, CRUDE OIL, FRESHWATER, CANADA,
•CHIRONOMIDAE,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL TANKS, CIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, CLEANUP, BALLAST, BILGES,
WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, PFCLAMATION,
CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FMULSIONS,
CONTROL, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, PEFIMEPIES, FLOOCULATION, SEDIMENTATION
PH
PK
30PLANKTON, FENTHOS, WATER QUALITY,
PH CONTROL, OXIDATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES, FLOCCULATION, FLCTATK
PH CONTROL, OXIDATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
FLOCCULATION,
PH CONTROL, OIL-WAFER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
PHYTCFLANKTON, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
GASOLINE, *MARINE ENGIN" EMISSIONS,
PHYTOPLANKTON, METABOLISM, INVERTEBRATES, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ZOOPLANt'TON, FISHES,
PIPELINES, CIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ALASKA, CLEANUP, RESTORATION,
PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ECOSYSTEMS, EIS, ALASKA,
PIPELINES, CIL TPANSPOPT, OIL TRANSFER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TANKERS,
PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORF PRODUCTION, rIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, TANKERS, SANTA EARPAPA CHANNEL,
PLANTS, TOXICITY, "FORMATION FLUIDS, DRILLING, "LAND ANIMALS,
PLANTS, PAH, OIL SPILLS, OCEAN'S, HYDROCAFPONS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, FATE,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, USSR, CLEANUP, BOOMS, SKIMMERS, DISPERSANTS,
OIL SPILLS, REMOTE SENSING, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS, CONTAMINATION, BALLAST,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
REGULATIONS,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
POLLUTION CONTROL.
POLLUTION CONTROL,
POLLUTION CONTROL,
POLLUTION CONTROL.
REFINERIES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, 'PURIFICATION,
REFINERIES, WASTEWA. TEPS , BELGIUM,
WASTFWATEP TREATMENT, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, CIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
POLLUTION CONTROL, CIL INDUSTRY, WATER QUALITY, "ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
U.S., CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, ARCTIC, CLEANUP, BEAUFORT SEA,
POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, CLEANUP, "FIELD TESTS,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL DISCHAPGES, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
POLLUTION CONTROL, PEFINEFIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CARIBEEAN SEA,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, PIRDS, SCOTLAND, «RIVE«
YTHAN,
POLLUTION CONTROL., OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, PRODUCTION, STATISTICS,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
POLLUTION CONTROL, CIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NORTH SEA, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, BEPAMOR,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, WASTEWATERS,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, "U.S. EPA,
POLLUTION CONTROL, CIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, GUIDELINES, REGULATIONS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, "SPILLS NEWSLETTER,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, INLAND, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, "REPORTING REQUIREMENTS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, JAPAN, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TANKS, STORAGE, "ACOUSTIC ^MISSION METHODS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, PETROCHEMICALS, LEGISLATION, INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ECONOMICS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHAPGES, SHIPS, "TESTING, "OIL CONTENT METERS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, 01- SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, TANKERS, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, "U.S.C.G.,
276
-------
0162
021 1
C212
0213
0215
0217
0218
0219
0220
0221
0222
022H
0?76
009?
009^
0096
0097
01CO
POLLUTION PREVENTION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, REGULATIONS, "CIVIL PENALTIES, «U.S. EPA,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, CPUDF OIL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "SAFLOTE OIL HOSE,
POLLUTION PPEVENTION, OIL SPILLS, SWEDEN,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, HYDROCAPBOMS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA
POLLUTION PPEVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, STORAGE, DISCHARGES, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, *FWPCA,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL SPILLS
OCEANS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GERMANY, WEST, COASTS,
OCEANS, CLEANUP, REGULATIONS, UK,
0242 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL WELLS, BLOWOUT PPEVENTION, DETECTION, DRILLING,
02^ POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, AUSTRALIA,
024t POLLUTION PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, INDUSTRIES,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA,
02^5 POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION,
U.S., CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
02«8 POLLUTION PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, HYDROCARBONS,
0250 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, REGULATIONS, TANKERS, SAFETY,
0255 POLLUTION PPEVENTION, OIL WELLS, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, DRILLING,
0256 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, EOOMS, SKIMMERS,
0273 POLLUTION PPEVENTION, OIL SPILLS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, BIRDS, CONSERVATION,
QUplj POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "INTERNATIONAL LAV,
Q1425 POLLUTION PPEVENTION, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
0^26 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHOPF PRODUCTION, OCEANS, LEGISLATION,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, EUROPE, CLEANUP,
Oi,27 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
0^2Q POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
0^31 POLLUTION PREVENTION, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, INTERNATIONAL
AGREEMENTS, SHIPS, ECONOMICS,
0^33 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, BALTIC SEA, SHIPS,
04?5 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, MANUALS, GUIDELINES, CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP,
029 i POLYCHA.ETES, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL FFFFCTS, FATE, "NEANTHES A PEN ACEODENTATA ,
0306 POLYCHAETES, METABOLISM, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, "NEANTHES APENACEODENTATA,
0127 PORTS, OIL TRANSPORT, U.S., STORAGE, TANKERS, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
Ol'O PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, "RISK ANALYSIS,
C247 PORTS, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
C<39 PORTS, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, CANADA, ECONOMICS, CLEANUP, "BAY OF FUHDY,
QU17 POPTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH CAROLINA, LEGISLATION, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
QiiUS POPTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "SUPERTANKERS, "DFEPWATEP PORTS,
POPTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "SUPERTANKERS, *DEEPWATEP PORTS,
PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, ALASKA, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
PRODUCTION, TAR SAND?, CONTAMINATION, WATER QUALITY, CANADA, "ATHABASCA OIL SANDS,
PRODUCTION, TAR SANDS, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATE* DISPOSAL,
PRODUCTION, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, REGULATIONS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES. "U.S.G.S.,
OM6 PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, "FGULATIONS,
C351 PRUDHOE BAY, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, COASTS, ALASKA,
0055 PUERTO RICO, OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SFNSING, COASTS, SEDIMENTS, COPAL REEFS, VIRGIN
ISLANDS, "SKYLAP,
009^ PUGET SOUND, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, RECOVERY, WASHINGTON, "SPILL RECOVERY VESSEL,
C272 PUGET SOUND, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
"LITERATURE REVIEW,
PUGET SOUND, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, DISPOSAL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECLAMATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, WASTE OIL, REUSE,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL, FUEL OIL, CRANKCASE OIL,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, CRANKCASE OIL, RECYCLING,
RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, REFINING, UK,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL, REFINING,
RECLAMATION, INDIA, CPANKCASE OIL, REFINING,
RECLAMATION, JAPAN, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, JAPAN, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING, SOLVENTS,
RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FRESHWATER, SEAWATER, RECYCLING, UK,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, REUSE, WASTE OIL, FUELS,
RECLAMATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL TANKS, OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, CLEANUP,
BALLAST, BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
RECOVERY, PUGET SOUND, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, WASHINGTON, "SPILL RFCOVERY VESSEL,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "FERPOMAGNFTIC POLYFOAM CHIPS,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, IRELAND, SKIMMERS, DFSIGN-ENGINEERING, BANTRY BAY,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "U.S. NAVY, "POLYUPETHANE FOAM
PEC
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, NORWEGIAN SEA, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS,
277
-------
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ABSORPTION,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SPAIN, TANKERS, CESICN-";GINEEPIN>0 . 'UPOuTOLA CIL SPILL,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BOOMS , SKIMMERS, DESIGN-rN'CINFH<=ING ,
PECOVFPY, CIL SLICKS, S>:IMMEPS, REFINERIES, DFSIGN-ENn-INEEP ING ,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINFEPING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "EC'UIPMENT EVALUATION,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, ADSORPTION, 'POLYETHYLENE FOAM,
RECOVERY, PETROLELM PRODUCTS, CIL SPILLS, C"UDE OIL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, «COLE WATEF
RECOVERY,
RECOVERY, OIL-WATFF SFFARATIO,', , OIL SPILLS, SKIMMERS, DFSI3N-ENGINEEPING,
RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, HYDROCARBONS, ABSCRPTI"K , »CLFOPH]LIC MATERIAL,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, SKIMMFPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
RECOVERY, CIL-WATrP SEPARATION, CIL SPILLS, PESIGN-ENCINEFFING,
RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, "FERROMAGNETIC GRANULES,
RECOVERY, PETROLE'J" PRODUCTS, WASTFWATEP TREATMENT, CONTAMINANTS,
PECCVERY, RECYCLING, WASTF OIL, FUEL OIL, REFINING, ECONOWICS,
RECOVERY, OIL-WAT1!? SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, PIBLIOGRA P'-'I ES , CLEANU0, SKIMMERS,
ADSORPTION, DISPEPSANTf, FLOTATION,
RECYCLING, LEGISLATION, GUIDELINES, WASTE OIL, DISPOSAL, RFUSi,
RECYCLING, LUPPIOA TING CIL, LEGISLATION, WASTE CIL TREATMENT, EUE_ CIL, I'.?.,
RECYCLING, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, CPAN^CASF 01^,
RECYCLING, RECOVERY, WASTE OIL, FUEL OIL, REFINING, ECONOMICS,
RECYCLING, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FPFSHWATE1, SFAWATER, UK,
RECYCLING, INDIA, REFINING, CRANKCASE CIL, WASTE CIL,
RECYCLING, LUBRICATING 01^, INDIA, HEUSE, C"ANKCASE CIL,
RECYCLING, PETROCHEMICALS, MANUALS, INDUSTRIES, SOLID WASTES, WASTFKATFPS, WASTE OIL
REFINERIES, OIL DISCHARGES, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, FYDPOCA.PBONS , CONTAMINATION, TANKERS,
REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, MONITORING, VENECl'FLA , ENVIRONMENTAL EFfECTS , 'BASELINE
STUDIES,
REFINERIES, OCEANS, MONITOFIKG, WASHINGTON, 'PHYSICAL AND
•CHERRY POINT REFINEPY,
REFINERIES.
EFFECTS,
REFINERIES, OIL SPILL
EFFECTS,
REFINERIES,
EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, rIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING
WASHINGTON, CHERRY POINT ^EFINE^Y,
DISCHARGES, VQNITOPINC
WASHINGTON, "CHERRY POINT REFINERY,
OIL SPILLS, CIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING
•CHEPP1 POINT R^FINE^Y,
'BASELINE STUDIES,
WASHINGTON.
REFINERIES, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATEF, ANALYTICAL TE
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, *CCMF-PY-CHANCF PAY,
REFINEPIES, RECOVERY, CIL SLICKS, SKIMMEFS, DESI3N-EKCINFEFING,
REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL SPILLS, VASTEWATER TREATMENT, CONSEKlATION, AUSTRALIA,
REFINERIES, OIL WELLS, 0:L-WATEF SEPAFATIOt., WA'TEWATEF TREATMENT, TANKERS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
INCINERATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, SLUDGE, YUGOSLAVIA,
REFINERIES, POLLJTION CONTROL, WASTEWPTEP TREATMENT, 'PURIFICATION,
REFINEPIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, WASTFWATEPS, BELGIUM,
HEFINFRIES, PETROCHEMICALS, OXIDATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT. ECONOMICS,
REFINERIES, PETPOLEUM PFODUCTS, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, OIL-WATEF SF^APATION, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, USSP,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, ADSORPTION,
REFINERIES, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL FIELDS, WASTEWATFR DISPOSAL, EVVIRONMEN~AL EFFECTS,
REFINEPIES, PH CONTROL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLCCCULATION, SEDIMENTATION,
REFINERIES, PH CONTROL, OXIDATION, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, FLCCCULATION, FLOTATION,
REFINEPIES, PH CONTROL, OXIDATION, CIL-WATEF SEPARATION, WASTEWATFP TREATMENT,
FLOCCULATION,
REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT.
REFINERIES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATFF
REFINEPIES, OIL-WATEF SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, POLLUTION CC.NTPOL,, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
REFINEPIES, PETPOLEUM PFODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, ACUTE
EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
REFINERIES, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, ECONOMICS, BIODFGRADATION, CALIFORNIA, 'CRUDE OIL
COSTS,
REFINERIE
CARIBBEAN SEA,
EFFECTS.
EFFECTS
WASTEWATER
WAETEWATER
OIL INDUSTRY, CRUDE OIL, REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC
TREATMENT, 'U.S. EF'A ,
RFFINERIES, OIL INDUSTRY, CRUDE OIL, REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC
TREATMENT, «J.S. EPA.
REFINEPIES, GUIDELINES, FCONOMIC EFFECTS, WASTEWAT7R TREATMENT, REGULATIONS, "FW^CA,
REFINERIES, OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGPADATION, BACTERIA,
REFINING, RECYCLING, RECOVERY, WASTF OIL. FUEL OIL, ECONOMICS,
REFINING, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, UK,
REFINING, RECLAMATION, ^UBFICATING OIL, WASTE OIL,
REFINING, RECLAMATION; INDI», CRANKCAS^ OIL,
278
-------
0220 PEFININ'. , Fr-CLAf-'ATIO'. . ,71-'. ,
022 1 REfIN7f>:, RFC! AM£7IO", , . \',* • ~ '
0223 FiEFi:.:NG, RECYCLING, INII-'.
0 1 2 C F E 0' i, A 7 : C N S , 01 L 0' M L , "I
0126 p E C ^ L A ~ ~ ' ^ r , 0 ^ _ L ~ S 0 •' ^ p 1' C. ,
0129 REGULATIONS, PCLLJTI/- C'M'-
BAUDOT,
0132 REGULATIONS , OIL 'P-ANCFF1-, "
0201 PEGIL; 7i - N,c, OIL FIF^C, I\A""
0207 REGULATIONS, INDUSTRIES, *<-7:
0232 PECULATIONS, FO^LUTIo'. DPFvT-
C241 RECITATIONS, POLLUTION FPFVF'
0250 PEGULATIONS, PO^L'JTICN FREVt7'
0337 PFGULA.TIONS , REFINFPIrS, 07.
T F E A T M E N T , * U . ^ . F" ' ,
0338 REGULATIONS, REFINER I"', 'I
* ; c-
-'AN, «;-~~_ '. II fpEATMENT, SOLVENTS,
V. ^ 0'' h ' - _ ,
•MT:, ''-L:',O = APUIFS , CANADA,
:ir-7, r;-_ ri^CrA°GFS, TA'.'KEPS, CONTAMINATION,
1L' '' "" v IM 7 i', *HACASDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS
7 ' ~ ' A ~ 7 - ^ v C 0 V F R N M F N 7 S 7 E X A S
-:I7" ^'Or~A"Tr" 7PrA7Mr^^ *CIL POLLUTION *SE^AGr
' f, '-.' '• '.---.>'= ', . , 'CIVIL PENAL7IES, 'U.S. EPA,
,, '::. ' :_; ,' . .A.:.:TY, TANKERS,'SAFETY,
""'-/, ""-'.:r ". I , . T.NOMIO EFFECTS, WASTEWATER
'.'-•'I, --"IF :i.., FCONOWIC EFFECTS, WASTEWATER
.': , -".'.'.''I" F-MC7 , WASTEWATEP TPEAT^ENT, 'Fk'PCA ,
A . »>•
*'-r PF7FMANCF 7ESTS, "MICROWAVE
.'-fpf'" BAY, DRIFT, SPREADING, 'FRONTS,
, •',- ~I',', EFFICIENCY,
""' ^ \* "" '""' S .C
, ,'TVFPS, WASTE'wATEPE, WATER QUALITY.
-"•-'«'».. "ADIATICN, 'FLUID FILMS,
'r , 5PRFADING,
•"f!"IvEN7S, CORAL REEFS, VIRGIN
»RAOAP ,
"'ION, *FRAUNHOFER LINE DISCRIUINATOR,
-"•.^Iri;iTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
A"NIN". ALASKA, CLEANUP,
;NM-:NT AGENCIES, U.S., CANADA,
- -IK. AT.MFNT, CLEANUP,
IL, DISPOSAL,
'. , «'«<-TrlV,i7'rpci W;5TE OIL,
-'-MLM LIABILITY, TANKERS,
, t M inON'MENTAL PROTECTION, AUSTRALIA,
0060
007'
0076
007&
0080 , . . ,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
008^1 SAMPLIN"". PFTROLF"" Fa:;DUCT?
0323 SAVPL:N'. LAFE~, -"•-••- •-, .<,
0066 SAN rRA'JCl-T eAY, :V ;""><
CALIF'r'NIA ,
:'~-'. _ ' " , '-•- '"ATOGRAPFY, SP:
••••M--^. £',; ' I'-", CHPOMATOGRAPHY, ADRIATIC SEA,
.'TRAPH1 , SPECTROMETPY ,
CIS, P'TIGN-ENGINEFRING,
rFf-, «SJRFACF MICROLAYEP,
,PSF -""NCF, 'HYDROGEN EXTRACTION,
1DFNTIFIOATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
' °, : 'TRIEUTIO.N, 'DREDGED SPOILS,
.'"1J 'G£N.-:, ESTUARIES, FOOD tfEB ,
-------
0328
0369
0371
0016
01'1
0260
0270
0315
0367
0368
0028
0060
0066
0070
0076
C153
0222
0321
0321
0387
Oil 1
01Q2
0390
0393
0028
0055
0067
0099
0153
0262
0267
0301
0321
0323
0333
0351
0387
0^92
0396
01TJ
0033
003^
0145
0150
016M
0171
0190
01421
0128
0131
0133
0325
0019
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "SURFACE MICROLAYEP,
•ORGANIC WASTES, WATER DUALITY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MEXICO/GULF OF, MARINE
ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, VENEZUELA, TAP, BERMUDA COAST,
SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, FIS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, *U.S.G.S.,
SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, TANKERS,
SCOTLAND, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, "SANDS OF FORVIE,
SCOTLAND, OIL TRANSFER, "OIL TERMINAL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "SULLOM VOE,
SCOTLAND, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, FISHERIES, 'CONFERENCE,
SCOTLAND, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, BIRDS, «RIVER
YTHAN,
SCOTLAND, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, "SHETLAND
ISLANDS, »SULLOM VOE,
SCOTLAND, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, COASTS, FISHERIES,
SCOTLAND, OIL INDUSTRY, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT,
SEAWATER, SAMPLING, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, TAR, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, SEDIMENTS,
SEAWATER, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, SOLUBILITY,
SEAWATER, REFINEFIES, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTPOSCOPY, CANADA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, *COME-BY-CHANCE BAY,
SEAWATER, OIL SPILLS, CALIFORNIA, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "LUMINESCENCE SIGNATURES,
*LOS ANGELES HAPPOF,
SEAWATER, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS,
SEAWATER, HYDROCARBONS, DISPOSAL,
SEDIMENTS, FRESHWATER,
SEAWATER, RECYCLING, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FRESHWATER, UK,
SEAWATER, "PARTITIONING STUDIES, "MERCURY, "HCB, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, FRESHWATER,
SEAWATEP, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, PIODEGRADATION, WATER QUALITY, ESTUARIES,
FRESHWATER "U.S. EPA
SEAWATER, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS,
SEAWATER, JAPAN, HYDROCARBONS, DECOMPOSITION, "HEXADECANE,
SEDIMENTATION, REFINERIFS, PH CONTROL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOCCULATION ,
SEDIMENTATION, OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, ADSORPTION, "SUBTIDAL
ENVIRONMENTS,
SEDIMENTATION, OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, WEATHERING,
SEDIMENTS, SEAWATEP, SAMPLING, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, TAP,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
SEDIMENTS, REMOTE SENSING, PUERTO RICO, OIL SLICKS, COASTS, CORAL REEFS, VIRGIN
ISLANDS, "SKYLAB,
SEDIMENTS, PAH, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, «EENZO(A)PYRENE,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, "FLUORIMETRY,
SEDIMENTS, CLEANUP, CONTAMINATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, HYDROCARBONS, DISPOSAL, "ORGANIC WASTES, WATEF QUALITY, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, FRESHWATER,
SEDIMENTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, "CORALS,
SEDIMENTS, NORTH SEA, MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, "OYSTERS,
SEDIMENTS, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, ALGAE, ESTUARIES, ENGLAND, "DIATOMS,
SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, "PARTITIONING STUDIES, "MERCURY, «HCB, CRUDE OIL, FRESHWATER,
SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, LAKES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTION, "DREDGED SPOILS,
SEDIMENTS, OIL FIELDS, MICROORGANISMS, LOUISIANA, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS,
"PETROLEUM DISSOLUTION,
SEDIMENTS, PRUDHOE BAY, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, COASTS, ALASKA,
SEAWATER, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGPADATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, BACTERIA,
OIL SPILLS, FATE, BEHAVIOR, BEACHES, CANADA, "NOVA SCOTIA,
DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINANTS, BEACHES, CANADA, "NOVA SCOTIA, "HALIFAX HARBOUR,
MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, FUEL OIL, CHEDABUCTC BAY, CANADA, BEACHES, "WATER
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTS
COLUMN, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
SHIPS, MONITORING, DETECTION
SHIPS, MONITORING, DETECTION
"OIL-IN-WATER, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
•OIL-IN-WATFR, "FLAME SPECTROSCOPY,
SHIPS, OIL-WATEH SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
SHIPS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BALLAST, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, BILGES, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT,
SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, "TESTING, "OIL CONTENT METERS,
SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "INTERNATIONAL LAW,
SHIPS, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, INSURANCE, TANKERS,
SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, ECONOMICS,
SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, BALTIC SEA,
SHORELINES, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL,
ETQDEGRADATIQN. CANADA, CHEDABUCTO BAY,
SKIMMERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, USSR, CLEANUP, BOOMS, DISPERSANTS,
280
-------
OOQt SKIMMEFS, RECOVERY, CIL SFI^L,.', I "S 1C * - ENO [NEE DT', C ,
0097 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, CIL SrIL^, I-'rLV^, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PANTRY BAY,
C1C1 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, CIL-n'A Tr,- ""'f/TI.'N, OIL SPILLS, NOB V'EGI* N SEA, CLEANUP,
010^ SKIMMEPC, RECOVERY, ML CP:,-L", LE."N"'f, POO«S , DE5IGN-FNCINEEPIK3,
0105 SKIMMERS, REFINERIF'-', PE'""E-., L\ STICKS, DES IC-N-ENO-IUEEF ING ,
C106 SKIMMERS, RECOVER;, C!L SrILLC, ^rANLF, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0113 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL SFILLO, " r; ICN-FNOI NEEDING ,
0115 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, OIL-WATEC SF" APA 7] 'A' , OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0122 SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, CIL SPILL. . DESTGN-ENGI NFE°I NC,
0160 SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, IL °P;LLS, DEL IGN-ENGINEEEINC-,
C17« SKIMMERS, OIL-WA7FR SEPARATION. '..ASTEiv'A 7ER 7HFA7K"EN7, EMULSIONS, ECONOMICS,
02^9 SKIMMERS, OIL SPILLS, BLOWOb" F Pfi FN7I"".', CPILLIN'G, CLEANUP, PEAUFOP7 SEA, BOOMS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
0256 SKIMMERS, POLLUTION pcEVENTICf; , : ~\ SPILLS, '•'ONI 70PINC , CONTINGENCY PLANNING, BOOMS,
OW SKIMMERS, RECOVERY, TIL-WA7FF SFPSFATION, OIL SPILLS, EIELIOGRA PHIFS, CLEANUP,
ADSORPTION, DISPERSANTE, FLOTATION,
0149 SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINEPA 71 "•»: , WA5TEWATFP TREATMENT, YUGOSLAVIA,
016^ SLUDGE, OXIDATION, C:L-WATEP SFPAnATIOK, WASTEWATFR TREATMENT, COAGULATION,
0185 SLUDGE, GUIDELINES, TANKERS, ?:."nCSAL, CRUDE OIL,
0332 SOCIAL EFFECTS, CIL SPILL.C, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
0368 SOCIAL EFFECTS, SCOTLAND, 01 ^ "'.'D'J^TFY, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSERVATION, DF'/ELOP'-'FNT ,
0002 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CEFSFOP' DRILLING, OCS, ATLANTIC COAST, ENVIPOKMENTAL EFFECTS,
C152 SOCIO-EC~NOMIC EFFECTS, PCLL"TIO\ PPEVEMTIOli, PETROCHEMICALS , LEGISLATION, INDUSTFIES,
tv'ASTFWATEH TFEATMENT, ECONOMICS,
0327 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFrSFT-'c DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANACFUFNT, c:B^ICGRAPHIFS,
0;52 SOCIO-ECONO"TC EFFECT?, OIL SPIV.% OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, CCS, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PRCTECTICt, ,
0360 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFFCTS, TAP ^AMLS, DFVFLOPMENT, CANADA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0361 SOCIO-ECONOVIC EFFECTS, CFrSFOp: DcVELOPMEKT, GUIDELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
COASTS, FLORIDA, "ONSHORE E^FF^TS,
0363 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHOpr DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ATLANTIC COAST, "ONSHORE IMPACTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0371 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, SANTA tJA»PARA CHANNEL, IIPELINES, CIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE
PRODUCTION, EIS. ENVIPON^ET'c.. EFFECTS, TANKF"S,
0117 SOIL, CLEANUP, CONTAMINATION, * r^7E PGEN'TS ,
0381 SOIL, PAr. MICROORGANISMS, PIO'^IP AEATICt; , AROMA"Ir HYDROCARBONS, 'WATERS,
038" SOIL, METABOLISM. IMODEGPA DA TI ON , BACTERIA, FUEL OIL,, CPANKCASE OIL, CRUDE CIL,
0060 SOLUBILITY, SEAlvATEF, SAMPLING -YDRQCA PBONS, DETECTION,
0071 SOLUBILITY, APOMATIC HYDRCCA p=< J.',.', ArMLYTITJL TECHNIQUES, *POLYTHFPMIC '•'ETFOC,
0221 SOL\Ft,'TS, PEFININC, PrCLA"AT I ",;, . LL^^JCATIN" Cli. . JAPAN, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
0006 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, C'lL SLI."'7, E.'TUAFTES, UF , PIPDS, BILGES,
0009 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CIL 5°!^.3, TANKFPS. ELC-IDA, 'U.S. COAST GUARD,
0032 SOURCE IDENTTFICATIOf, , OH cri.,.,C, ^ONITOPING. ANALYTICAL TECHNICUES, 'LUMINESCENCE
METHODS,
0065 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION. OIL SFIL-S, 'SPECTRAL SIGNATURES,
0072 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, 'SOLVENT COMPENSATION,
0075 SOURCE IDENTI^I^AT] ,)V , CRUDE Oik,, ANALYTICAL TECHNICUES, SPECTROSCOPY , CHPOMATOGRAPHY,
'LUMINESCENCE,
0080 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION1, SAMPLING, CIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNICUES, 'FLUORESCENCE,
•HYDROGEN FX"KACT10N,
0081 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, REMOT^ SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
0062 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL S'lLLS, LUBRICATING OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
'LUMINESCENCE, CRUDE OIL,
0083 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILES ANALYTICAL TECHNICUES, 'PHOSPHORESCENCE,
00814 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SAMPLING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
0085 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILL?, CHEMTC'L ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS,
0086 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CONTAMINANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, FUEL OIL,
GASOLINE, 'FLUORESCENCE,
0087 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPI^L.', ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, 'FLUORESCENCE SPECTPA ,
OM13 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PLANTS, PAH, OIL SPILL?, OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE,
0020 SPAIN, OIL SPILLS, MAFINF ORGANISM1", TINKERS, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS, ACUTE EFFECTS,
"JRQL'D'LA CIL SPILL,
0103 SPAIN, RECOVERY, CIL SPILLS, TP!»,EPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'UROUIOLA OIL SPILL,
0056 SPECTSOMETRY, SAMPLING, OIL SLICKS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHPOMATOGRAPHY,
0073 SPECTROMETRY, CAMPLING, CI~ SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
0389 SPECTROMETRY, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGPADATION, CRUDE OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
003« SPECTPOSCOPY, SHIPS, MONITORING, DETECTION, 'OIL-IN-WATFR, 'FLAMF
0062 SPECTROSCOPY, NORTH CAROLINA, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
ESTUARIES
0068 SPECTROSCOD! , SEAWATEP , REK IN FR^ - ° . -'YDRC CARBONS , ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CANADA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT-:, »00"L-PY-CHANCF PAY,
0075 SPECTROSC^Y, SO'JPCt IDENTIFICATION, "RULE OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
281
-------
"LUMINESCENCE,
0188 SPECTRCSCOPi , LUBRICATING OIL, KASTEWATER TREATMENT, BILGES, EMULSIONS, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, FUEL OIL,
0046 SPREADING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "MICROWAVE PADIOMETRY,
"IE PADIOMETRY,
0049 SPREADING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MODELS, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE BAY, DRIFT, "FRONTS,
0054 SPREADING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, OIL SLICKS, JAPAN/SEA OF,
G394 SPREADING, OIL SLICKS, BEHAVIOR, WEATHERING, EVAPORATION, TAR,
0251 ST. LAWRENCE RIVEF, POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, CLEANUP, "FIELD TESTS,
0254 ST. LAWRENCE RIVEF, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, U.S., CANADA,
CLEANUP, BIRDS,
0412 ST. LAWRENCE RIVEF, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, MODELS, CANADA,
0201 STATE GOVERNMENTS, REGULATIONS, OIL FIELDS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TEXAS,
0417 STATE GOVERNMENTS. PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH CAROLINA, LEGISLATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
0416 STATE GOVERNMENTS, OFFSHOPE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH CAROLINA, LEGISLATION, U.S. GOVERNMENT,
0085 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
031H STATISTICS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, PRODUCTION,
002" STORAGE, SAMPLING, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS,
0092 STORAGE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CONTAINMENT, FUELS, ARCTIC, "SPILL CONTAINMENT DIKES,
C121 STORAGE, OIL TANKS, CLEANUP, CONTAMINATION, "RESIDUAL OIL, EMULSI"ICATION,
0125 STORAGE, SAFETY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, LEAKAGE, CRUDE OIL, ECONOMICS, "UNDERGROUND SALT
CAVERNS,
0127 STORAGE, PORTS, OIL TRANSPORT, U.S., TANKERS, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
01^1 STORAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TANKS, "ACOUSTIC EMISSION METHODS,
0136 STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, "FEA, "SALT DOMES,
013? STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "FEA, "SALT DOMES,
0237 STORAGE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, DISCHARGES, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, "FWPCA,
0314 STORAGE, STATISTICS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL TPANSPOPT, PRODUCTION,
0423 STORAGE, OIL TANKS, LEGISLATION, U.S., CRUDE OIL, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
C110 SURFACTANTS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DISPERSANTS,
0111 SURFACTANTS, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, DISPEPSANTS,
0235 SWEDEN, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS,
0001 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, METULA OIL SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, BEACHES,
0004 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, "SUPERTANKER ACCIDENTS,
0009 TANKERS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, FLORIDA, "U.S. COAST GUARD,
0012 TANKERS, REFINERIES, OIL DISCHARGES, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION,
00£0 TANKERS, SPAIN, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CLEANUP, DISPEPSANTS, ACUTE EFFECTS,
"UROUIOLA OIL SPILL,
0103 TANKERS, SPAIN, PECOVEFY, OIL SPILLS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "UROUIOLA OIL SPILL,
0126 TANKERS, SAFETY, REGULATIONS, OIL DISCHARGES,
0127 TANKERS, STORAGE, PORTS, OIL TRANSPORT, U.S., ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0129 TANKERS, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, CONTAMINATION,
BALLAST,
0133 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, INSURANCE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0138 TANKERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, JAPAN, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BILGES,
0148 TANKERS, REFINERIES, OIL WELLS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0168 TANKERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTFWATEP TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION,
0170 TANKERS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, BALLAST, BIODEGRADATION,
0185 TANKERS, SLUDGE, GUIDELINES, DISPOSAL, CRUDE OIL,
0200 TANKERS, BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES, FUELS,
0229 TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, GIL SPILLS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, CLEANUP, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES, "U.S.C.G.,
0250 TANKERS, SAFETY, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PRFVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY,
0310 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, JAPAN, CRUDE OIL, BEACHES, "NIIGATA COAST,
0320 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION,
0322 TANKERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, CLEANUP, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
0350 TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHOPE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
"EXXON,
0370 TANKERS, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL TRANSFER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0371 TANKERS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0428 TANKERS, SHIPS, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, INSURANCE,
0443 TANKERS, PORTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "SUPERTANKERS, "DEEPWATFR PORTS,
0444 TANKERS, PORTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "SUPERTANKERS, "DFEPWATER PORTS,
0026 TAR, OCEANS, MONITORING, DETECTION, DISTRIBUTION,
0028 TAR, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATEP, SAMPLING, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
0042 TAR, PACIFIC OCEAN, OCEANS, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION,
282
-------
0328 TAR, SANTA BAR EAR* CHANNEL, OFFSHOPF PRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPA-F, MEXICO/GULF OF,
MARINE ORGANISES, BIOLOGICAL FF"ECTS, VENEZUELA, BEPMUDf COAST,
0394 TAR, SPREADING, OIL SLICKS, BFHAVIOP, WEATHERING, EVAPORATION,
0^41 TAR SANDS, PPODUCTION, CONTAMINATION, WATER QUALIFY, CANADA, 'ATHABASCA OIL SANDS,
C34Q TAR SANDS, PPODUCTION, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATEP DISPOSAL,
0360 TAR SANDS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, CANADA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0201 TEXAS, STATE GOVEPNMENTS, PECULATIONS, CIL FIELDS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL,
0120 TOXICITY, REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, DISPERSANTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CANADA,
01^2 TOXICITY, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, "HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS,
0261 TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, CPUDE OIL, 'RESPIRATION RATE,
0266 TOXICITY, HYDRCCAPEONS, CRUDE OIL, FISHES, CRUSTACEANS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
0267 TOXICITY, SEDIMENTS, NORTH SEA, MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, *OYSTERS,
0274 TOXICITY, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ZOOPLANKTON,
0275 TOXICITY, METABOLISM, ACUTE EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CPUDE OIL, FUEL OIL,
CRUSTACEANS, 'MUD CRAB,
0280 TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISPFRSANTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
0281 TOXICITY, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINANTS,
0282 TOXICITY, FUELS, FISHES, FRESHWATFP, "JET ENGINE FUELS,
028' TOXICITY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDF OIL, EMULSIFIERS, FISHES,
0290 TOXICITY, METABOLISM, MAPINF ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC,
0299 TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, 'FSTUAPINE G"SS? SHRIMP, *PALAFMONETES PUGIO,
0304 TOXICITY, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, "AMERICAN LOBSTER,
0305 TOXICITY, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFFCTS, FISHES,
0324 TOXICITY, SEAWATEP, HYDROCARBONS, BIODFGPADATION , VOAT^F DUALITY, ESTUARIES,
FRESHWATER, 'U.S. EPA,
0329 TOXICITY, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFFCTS, FISHERIES, CRUDE OIL, LOUISI.-.!.; ,
0330 TOXICITY, PLANTS, 'FORMATION FLUIDS, DRILLING, *LAND ANIMALS,
0445 TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, MARINF ORGANISMS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL ECFFCTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0006 UK, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION', OIL SLICKS, ESTUARIES, BIRDS, BILGES,
0010 UK, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE CIL, *FINFS,
0022 UK, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, CLEANUP, 'DOVER STRAIT,
0217 UK, REFINING, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL,
0222 UK, SEAWATER, RECYCLING, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FRESHWATER,
0227 UK, PERSONNEL TRAINING, CIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, 'POLLUTION CLEANUP FILM,
0241 UK, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, CLEANUP,
0006 U.S., OIL SPILLS, INLAND, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, CANADA,
0127 U.S., TANKERS, STORAGE, PORTS, OIL TRANSPORT, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0214 U.S., RECYCLING, LUBRICATING OIL, LEGISLATION, WASTr OIL TREATMENT, FUEL OIL,
0245 U.S., POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES,
LEGISLATION, CANADA, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
0254 U.S., ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CANADA,
CLEANUP, BIRDS,
0356 U.S., OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DFVELOPMENT, OCS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, DELAWARE,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
0419 U.S., OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, 'COMPENSATION',
0420 U.S., OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, 'FWPCA,
0421 U.S., OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, 'PRIVATE DAMAGE SUITS,
0422 U.S., REGULATIONS, CRUDF OIL, »nESOURCE ALLOCATIONS, CANADA, EIS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
•FEA,
0423 U.S., STORAGE, OIL TANKS, LEGISLATION, CRUDE OIL, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0344 U.S. GOVERNMENT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA,
0418 U.S. GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH CAROLINA, LEGISLATION,
0019 USSR, SKIMMERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CLEANUP, BOOMS, DISPERSANTS,
0177 USSR, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATFR TREATMENT,
0025 VENEZUELA, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'BASELINE
STUDIES,
0264 VENEZUELA, LAKES, BIOLOGICAL FFFECTS, 'OIL COLLECTING AGENTS, 'LAKE MARACAIBO,
0265 VENEZUELA, OIL DISCHARGES, LAKES, WASTFWATERS, BIOLOGICAL FFFECTS, FATE, FISHERIES,
ECONOMICS, 'LAKE MARACAIBO,
0297 VENEZUELA, LAKES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'OIL COLLECTING AGENTS, 'LAKE MAPACAIBO,
0298 VENEZUELA, OIL DISCHARGES, LAKES, WASTEWATERS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES,
ECONOMICS, 'LAKE MARACAIBO,
0328 VENEZUELA, TAR, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
MEXICO/GULF OF, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERMUDA COAST,
0055 VIRGIN ISLANDS, SEDIMENTS, REMOTE SFNSING, PUERTO RICO, OIL SLICKS, COASTS, CORAL
REEFS, 'SKYLAB,
0037 WASHINGTON, REFINERIES, OCEANS, MONITORING, 'PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION,
'CHERRY POINT REFINERY,
0038 WASHINGTON, REFINERIES, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHERRY POINT REFINERY,
0039 WASHINGTON, REFINERIES, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHAPGES, MONITORING, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, *C;JERRY POINT REFINFFY,
0040 WASHINGTON, PEFINEPIFS, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, 'BASELINE STUDIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'CHERRY POINT REFINERY,
283
-------
•0210
C2i i
C212
0213
0216
0217
0216
0226
0201
0141
0^51:
0 1 6 '
C1t2
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0220
C221
0052
^ 1 T< C
0155
C1M6
0150
0191
03119
0095
01?6
0139
0140
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CU3
cm 9
0150
0151
0152
0151!
0156
0157
0158
0159
0163
0165
0166
016?
0168
WASHINGTON, RECOVERY, P'JGFT SOUND, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, *SPILL
WASTE CIL, NEW YO ='<, CONTAMINATION, *SEWAGE, BEACHES,
h'ASTE OIL, SHIPS, WASTEWATEP T=EATWENT, WASTEWATEP DISPOSAL,
WASTE OIL, OIL-WfTEP SEPAPATIOK, BILGES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTE CIL, REUSE, RECYCLING, LEGISLATION, GUIDELINES, DISPOSAL,
WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTE OIL, REUSE, RECLAMATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTFWATFPS,
WASTE 01
RECOVERY VESSEL,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL. FUEL OIL, CPANKCASF OIL
IL,
WASTE
rfASTE
WASTE CIL
FRESHWATER,
WASTE OIL TREATMENT
WASTE CIL TREATMENT,
TREATMENT,
IL TREATMENT,
TREATMENT,
WASTE CIL
WASTE
WASTE OIL
WASTE CIL
WASTE CIL
TREATMENT,
TREATMENT
WASTE CIL TREATMENT,
WASTEWATERS, RIVERS,
WASTEWATERS, OIL SPIL
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES
REFINING, RECYCLING, RECOVERY, FUEL OIL, ECONOMICS,
UK, REFINING, RECLAMATION,
REFINING, RECLAMATION, LUFPICATING CIL,
WASTE OIL, UK, SFAWATEF, RECYCLING, RECLAMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFF!
WASTF OIL, REFINING, RECYCLING, INDIA, CRANKCASE OIL,
WASTE OIL, REUSE, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, FUELS,
WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, PETROCHEMICALS , MANUALS, INDUSTRIES, SOLID WASTES, W.ASTEWATERS ,
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TEXAS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, REGULATIONS, OIL FIELDS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CIL-WATEP SEPARATION, WASTEWATFP TREATMENT,
INCINERATION, FUEL OIL, *SCLID WASTES, *SFWAGE, DISPOSAL,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, DISPOSAL,
TANKERS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BALLAST,
POLLUTION CONTROL, WASTEWATF& TREATMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
WASTE CIL TREATMENT, U.S., RECYCLING, LUBRICATING OIL, LEGISLATION, FUEL OIL,
WASTE OIL TREATMENT, REFINING, RECLAMATION, JAPAN,
SOLVENTS, REFINING, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, JAPAN,
REMOTE SENSING, CIL DISCHARGES, MARYLAND , HAREOT, WATER QUALITY,
L£, CIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, »IMCO,
WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, BELGIUM,
WASTEWATERS, WASTE OIL, REUSE, RECLAMATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
WASTEWATERS, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, PETROCHFMICf LS , MANUALS, INDUSTRIES, SOLID WASTES,
WASTEWATERS, VENEZUELA, OIL DISCHARGEE, LAKES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FATF, FISHERIES,
ECONOMICS, 'LAKE MARACAIBC,
WASTEWATEPS, VENEZUELA, OIL DISCHARGES, LAKES,
ECONOMICS, "LAKE MAPACAIBO,
WASTEWATERS, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, « 1 , ^-BUTADIENE ,
WASTEWATEPS, POLLUTION' CONTROL, OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
GOVERNMENT ACENCIES, *U.S. EPA,
WASTEWATEP DISPOSAL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, COALESCENCE, BILGES,
BALLAST,
WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, SHIPS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
REFINERIES, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL FIELDS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
TAC SANDS, PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
REUSE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL TANKS, CLEANUP,
TANKERS, CIL-WATEP SEPARATION, JAPAN, BILGES,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'FLOATABLE BARGES,
CIL-WATEP SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, FILTRATION, *ULTPAFILTRA TIOM ,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, CIL-WATEF SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS.
SHIPS, CIL-WATEP SEPARATION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, WASTEWPTEP DISPOSAL, CIL-WATEP SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, BILGES,
BALLAST,
REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, CIL SPILLS, CONSERVATION, AUSTRALIA,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TANKERS, REFINERIES, OIL WELLS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINERATION, YUGOSLAVIA,
WASTSWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATEP DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, SHIPS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, 'PURIFICATION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PETROCHEMICALS ,
LEGISLATION, INDUSTRIES, ECONOMICS,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, WASTF OIL TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, *CATIONIC POLYMERS,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DETECTION, CONTAMINATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, OXIDATION, ECONOMICS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, HYDROCARBONS, 'SOLVENT EXTRACTION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, OXIDATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL INDUSTRY,
INCINERATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, ADSORPTION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, SHIPS, CIL-WATEP SEPARATION, BALLAST, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, OXIDATION, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, COAGULATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, *ULTRAFILT3ATION MEMBRANES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TANKERS, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, F^OCCULATION ,
WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
WASTEWATEP DISPOSAL,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT,
Cl"? WASTEWATFR TREATMENT
284
-------
5-Q WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, CONTAMINANTS, FLOCCU^TION, 'POLYELECTROLYTES,
7C KASTEKATER TPEATUENT, WASTE CIL TREATMENT, TANKFPS, BALLAST, BIODEGRADATION,
'1 WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, SHIPS, OIL-WATER SFPAPATION, BILGES,
72 WASTEWATEF TPEATMENT, WASTF OIL TREATMENT, POLLUTION CONTPOL,
73 WASTEWfTEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SFPAPATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
?£ WASTEWATER TPFATMENT, SKIM^FRS, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, ECONOMICS,
7C WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINEPIFS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
76 WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
77 WASTEWATEP TPEATMENT, USSR, REFINEPIES, OIL-WATFP SEPARATION,
76 WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES, ADSORPTION,
3C WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, *SULFUP,
?1 WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATFP SEPARATION, ADSORPTION,
32 WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATION, ABSORPTION,
•^ WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECOVERY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CONTAMINANTS,
5i WASTEWATER TPEATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OXIDATION, FILTRATION,
36 WASTEWATEP TPEATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, *OIL WETTAPILITY,
B? WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, FMULSIOKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
36 WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SPECTROSCOPY, LUPRICATING OIL, EILGFS, EMULSIONS, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, FUEL OIL,
32 WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, SEDIMENTATION, PEFINEPIES, PH CONTROL, FLOCCULATION,
FPARATIOH, INCINERATION, EWULSICNS, FILTRATION, FUEL
0^39
OC36
0052
OO?1?
0153
0207
0240
0269
WASTEWATEP TPEATMENT, OIL-WATEP
CIL,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *COANDA EFFECT,
LUBRICATING OIL, EMULSIONS, FLOCCULATIGN,
0269
027 *t
040"
WASTEWATER TPEATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION
FILTRATION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATFP SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, FILTRATION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PH CONTPOL, OXIDATION, FLOCCULATION, FLOTATION,
WASTEw-ATER TREATMENT, PEFINEPIES, PH CONTROL, OXIDATION, OIL-WATEP SEPARATION,
FLOCCULATION,
WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, REFINEPIES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TANKFRS, BILGES, •CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES, FUELS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINEPIES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HYDROCARBONS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION, FLOCCULATION,
FILTRATION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION,
WASTFWATEP TREATMENT, REGULATIONS, INDUSTRIES, WATER DUALITY, »CIL POLLUTION, *SEWAGE,
WASTEWATER TPEATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MEXICO/GULF OF, GUIDELINES, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, ALASKA, CALIFORNIA,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REGULATIONS, REFINEPIES, OIL INDUSTRY, CRUDE CIL, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, »U.S. EPA,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, REGULATIONS, REFINERIES, OIL INDUSTRY, CRUDE OIL, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS *U.S. EPA
WASTEWATEP'TREATMENT,'REGULATIONS, REFINERIES, GUIDELINES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, *FWPCA,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL TANKS, OIL SPILLS,
EIODEGRADATION, CLEANUP, BALLAST, BILGES,
WASTEWATEP TPEATMENT, REGULATIONS, PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, GUIDELINES,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, INDUSTRIES, EIBLIOGPAPHIES, ECONOMICS,
•INDUSTRIAL WASTES, 'POLLUTION EFFECTS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, INDUSTRIES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ECONOMICS,
'INDUSTRIAL WASTES, 'POLLUTION EFFECTS,
WATER QUALITY, REMOTE SENSING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MONITORING, CONTAMINANTS, «AIP
CUALITY,
WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATERS, RIVERS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL DISCHARGES, MARYLAND, HA"PORS,
WATER QUALITY, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CONTAMINANTS, *AIF QUALITY,
WATER QUALITY, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATFR, HYDROCARBONS, DISPOSAL, 'ORGANIC WASTES, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, FRESHWATEP,
WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATFR TREATMENT, REGULATIONS, INDUSTRIES, 'OIL POLLUTION, 'SEWAGE,
WATER QUALITY, POLLUTION CONTPOL, OIL INDUSTRY, 'ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION,
WATER QUALITY, PHYTOPLANKTON, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ZOOPLANKTON, BENTHOS,
GASOLINE, 'MARINE ENGINE EMISSIONS,
WATFP QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, CANADA,
WATEF QUALITY, TOXICITY, SEAWATEP, HYDROCARBONS, EIODFGRADATION, ESTUARIES,
FRESHWATER 'U.S. EPA
WATER QUALITY' TAR SANDS', PRODUCTION, CONTAMINATION, CANADA, 'ATHABASCA OIL SANDS,
WATER QUALITY, HYDROCARBONS, GPOUNDWATER, DISPERSIONS,
WEATHERING, SEDIMENTATION, OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE,
WEATHERING, TAR, SPREADING, CIL SLICKS, BEHAVIOR, EVAPORATION,
WEATHERING, OCEANS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, EVAPORATION, PIODEGRADATION,
YEASTS, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, FUNGI,
YUGOSLAVIA, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINERATION,
ZOOPLANKTON, WATER CUALITY, PHYTOPLANKTON, HYDROCARPONS, BIOLOGICAL FFFECTS, BFNTHOS,
GASOLINE, 'MARINE ENGINE EMISSIONS,
ZOOPLANKTON, TCXICITY, METABOLISM, HYDPOCAPBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ZOOPLANKTON, PHYTOPLANKTON, METABOLISM, INVERTEBRATES, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, FISHES,
285
-------
Al'7HG = IN'DEX
AGUI, W.
AKEARN, D. G.
AfEF.N, T.P.
AHLSTFOK, S . »' .
ALE A', MAN , A .
ANDERSON, A . V. .
ANLEPSGN, J.W.
ANDEPSON, J.'ft.
ANDERSON, J.W.
ANDERSON, J.«.
ANTJNKLLI, J.
ANViEILER , 3. :.
A.FTC, T.K.
AFI7A, w.
;R,'j£T7, ?,G.
A'/CZALI, F.G.
s-THiir T. LI77LF,
A7LAS, », .".
A'jDIBEPT, w, .K.
AXLLCSjK, S.
AELESON. S .
A^iPS, R.F.
PAIF'-', F.E.
P'AK, S.F.M.
BAKE F , I1. A .
tAKEh, J.K.
BAKER, J.N1.
F A 1, LW E E E F , E.G.
PARFIER, i.
b A R I C , J .
EAFNE77, E'.
PAFNE77, r.h'.
SAP.-:V77, A.:.
3AF7HA, R.
tfF7L:i77, E.
2A7T-'EP.D, H.A.J.
2AUV, F.L.
3EAN, H.M.
I- LAN, R.I'.
HECCALI, G.
3ECKEP. D.A.
KELFBOWEF, A.
EENE, J.R.
ECNEDETTI, L.
PENUrS, F.
BFKSON, A. A.
r'E'?7INE, K.K.
EHAMBI, P.N.
EHAPGAVA , M.K.
EIGELOW, R.C.
EISHOF, W.S.
3ISSELL, W.K.
P-ISHANGEF, K.
BLOK, F.E.
El.OVJS, D.G.
BUJMER , M.
BCA7ING INDUS7R'
BOCAKD, G.
BC CA Rp C .
EG:., c'.
BCELSING. F .
fcvhNFG , H.
ASSN
Ej'JFNE, f.'-.P.
BOUPMF, 'f.'.r.F.
BObPNF, W.H,S.
PRACKLEY, p. G.
PRACKLEY, P.C.
BRADLEY , F.L.
E^ISCO C.7,
P F OW K , P . G . E .
P. T CW ^ F I C C , J . 7
FBG(JNPIGG, J.7
CANATA :EN7EF-IHLAi'D »IA7EPS
C1RLPFP3, S.F.
CARLISLE, 7.F.
CAVftGNARG, I . ••' .
CAVAGK6PO, P.'-'.
?HAM"J7, ?. S .
C"AP7E?ED INSURANCE IN 57
GLAFKE, 1 .
CLARK, R.?.
CL.AF?:, R.G.
CONDIGN, J.A.
CGNPOi, F.H.
COLEVAIJ, h.J.
COL«,'EI.J, R.F.
COLrfELL, P.K.
COOPED, K.
COPING, F.F.
CORSES, E.L.S.
C( UPA L,, B.
CDF7NEY, W.J.
CREUSOT-LOIHE
CRISAFULLI, A.J.
C UC C1, 7 . L.
CUKOR', P.P.
C'JRPY, J.E.
DAL7GK CO. , LTI3
DAK VI; OtMNfi
DA VIE set:, ,;.v.
DAVIES, R.J.
DAVIT, S.J.
TAWSON, !-.'., III.
TF ANGFLII, -.
DF FI j'jFIREDO, r.J.P.
DEPT-1: NY IRONMEN7, LONDON
I'E?7-ENVIFiCNWENT, LOfDON
-------
007U
Q31U
00 6Q
02U
003?
0382
0^02
237
-------
ISHMAEL, J.T.
ITO, M,
ITZKAN, I.
IVANOVA, l.G.
IKASA, A.
IWASAKI, M.
JADEMAC, J.R.
JAKUBEK, P.
JAMES, M.O.
JAMISON, V.W.
JENKINS, D.
JENKINS, T.F.
JENSEN, P.A.
JIANG, L.C.
JOHNSON, W.
JOHNSON, W.
JONAS, R.B.
JONES, L.W.
JOSANTO, V.
JCSHI, T.C.
KACZYNSKI, V.W.
KACZYKSKI, V.W.
KAKUDA, T.
KASKI, K.
OKAHARA, F.K.
KAWASE, Y.
KAWASE, Y.
KAWASE, Y.
KEIZER, P.D.
KENNY, J.E.
KETCHUM, E.H.
KIESSEP., S.L.
KIESSER, S.L.
KILBURN, F.D.
KILPATRICK, J.E.
KINASE, 7.
KISELEV, V.A.
KITA, S.
KITA, S.
KITAKOGA, H.
KLEIN, S.
KLEMAS, V.
KLEMAS, V.
KNEBFL. H.J.
KOBAYASHI, I.
KOGAN, P.G.
KOLOSANOVA, V.A.
KONO, T.
KONO, T.
KOONS, C.B.
KORDAKOV, I,A.
KORETSKII, A.F.
KORRINGA, P.
KUCHMII, L.V.
KUEHNHOLD, W.'*,
KUKHEN, E.L.
KUNG, R.T.V.
LAIST, D.V,.
LANGE, P.
LANOTTE, V.X.
LAROE, E.T.
LAROSE, R.H.
LEE, M.L.
LEE, R.F.
LEE, R.F.
LEEPER, E.M.
LEGATSKI, M.W.
LEGGETT, D.C.
LEONARD, P.P.
LE PETIT, J.
LE PETIT, L.
LE ROUX, J.H.
LEWIS, E.L.
LITTAU, L.W.
LOCKWOOD, A.P.M.
0176
0050
017?
01°'
0178
0087
017P
0281
0282
015'
0132
0279
0'37
0338
0062
0180
C3Q9
0210
0272
0^38
0196
0016
0084
0193
0220
0221
0068
OOD8
0315
0038
OOUO
0353
0091
0181
0182
0091
0282
00^7
00^9
03514
0310
0109
0121
0181
0182
0403
018?
0121
0'16
0177
028'
01814
0050
0327
OHC2
0185
0'27
0079
0079
028U
0017
0353
0153
0058
0'80
0386
0076
0355
0029
0285
LOGAN, W.J. 0116
LOGAN, W.J. 021)6
LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY 02U7
LOVE, A.H. 0035
MACK, W.M. 0171
MACKIE, P.P. 0305
MADIA, J.P. 0186
MAIL, P. 0187
MAKOVSKY, A.L. 0132
MANGONE, G.J. 0356
MARBACH, A. 020H
MARROW, H.L. 0018
MAC EMON, J. 0072
MACK, D.A. 0077
MACK, F.J. 0058
MACKEWN, J. 0222
MANSFIELD, B.H. 0231
MARTY, J.C. 0078
KASSIE, S.P. 0185
MATSUI, K. 0051
MATTIS, W.E. 0^05
MATTSON, J.S. DOS')
MAY, W.E. 0073
WAYO, D. 027°
MC DANIEL, K.W. 0169
MC DONALD, J.R. 0020
MC ERLEAN, A. 035^
MC GILL, S.P. 0'58
MC KENNA, E.J. 0381
MC KENZIE, P. 0'82
PC KNIGHT, M.S. 0135
MEIKLE, K.M. 0015
MENTE, C. 0150
MERCKEL, C. 0323
MERTENS, E.W. 0328
MERTENS, E.W. OUU5
MEYERS, G.M. 0255
MEYERS, S.P. 0'7l)
MEYERS, S.P. 0383
MICOL, C.W. 0019
MILLFR, C.A. 0186
MITCHELL, C.E. 0190
MONASTERO, F.C. 0359
MONY, G.S. 0191
MOOPE, S.F. 0236
MORGAN, A.H. 0317
MORRIS, R.C. 0133
MORTOLA, G. 0192
MOURLON, J.-C. 02«8
MUDJIARDJO, H.S. 0332
MULLIN, T.C. 0290
MURPHY, T.S. 0112
MURRMANN, R.P. 0153
NAIDU, A.S. 0351
NATIONAL ACADEMY-SCIENCES 0318
NAT'L FIELD INVEST. CENTER 0052
NATIONAL WATER WELL ASSN, 0^07
NEFF, J.M. 025°
NEFF, J.M. 0287
NEILL, T.O. 0327
NEGILSKI, D.S. 0280
NEUHAUSER, M.L. 028H
N'GUYEN, M.H. 0380
NODA, M. 0193
NOMURA, K. 0193
NORTH, W.J. 0288
NOVOTNY, M. 0079
NUCOP CORP 00311
NUWAYHID 0261
OBUKHOVSKAYA, ZH.N. 0183
OGINO, Y. 0117
OKUBO, K. 0091
ONUF, C.P. 0329
ONUF, C.P. 0446
ONUSKA, F.I. 0079
288
-------
PANN:, r- .
PAPNOV, :.;.
PARSONS, 7.F.
FARULEKAF, A .
PASSWATEP, n.
PAS7YC, A.J.
PEAPKAN. A.L.
PEDRIG'\ J.L.
PEL7IEh, J.C.
PERCY, J./.
PFTERSE). ,
FETEHSON ,
PETFAKI5 ,
FFAEKDFR,
PHILLIP;-
FHILPG7,
FICHCK , J
FIECAFA,
M
PONAT, A.
FOWFFS, I.J.
PFASADA,
PFEUS, P,
PFINCir. P.A.
PUGF, } .r .
PUZN7AK. T.J,
CUA*, H.
PAYTOM , F L.
RAYZEP, V.i.
REDCHI75, 7.1.
RESOURCE PLANNING ASSOCIATES
RESOURCE PLANNING ASSOCIATES
REZNIK, N.F.
PIA.BCHIKOV, A.M.
PICE, s.r.
ROBERTS, A. .A.
ROBERTSON, I.
ROBERTSO!, , N.S.
ROGERS, p.
ROSENBERG , t.M.
ROSENBERG, E.
ROSS, C.n,
ROSSI , F. ,r..
RUELO, F.
RYAN, C.
SADOWSKI, A.J.
SAITO, F.
SAITO, F.
SAKATA, T.
SALIOT. A.
SAND, P.H.
SANDERS, H.L.
SANDEPS, P.L.
SANER, W.A.
SANER, W.A.
SANTNEP, :.F.
SATO. K.
SAVIN, C.T.
SAILOR, G.5.
SCAPFI, A.
3CARRAT7
SCHWAF2, P.;
SCOTT, E r .
SCOTT, E.F.
SCRUDATO, F
SEKI, H.
SHAW, L.F.
SFEF.IDAN, J.E.
SHEWMAKFR, J.E.
?HIMOEA, H.
S:JINCLFn , L" .P .
SKINN, F!A.
SIDOPFNKC, V.D.
SILLION, F.
^ " LL T C^' ^.
si VON?,'T.J.
SINGH, ?.?.
A .V.
JF
SWITH, J.W.
SMITH, V.F.
SMIT)-', 7.G.
SOPOTKA. S.
SOPCTKA, S.
SOLANAS, D.V.
SOLSBEFG L.F.
SOLSPFRC', L.~.
SOLYOK, f-.
SPOTTISWOOD, I.A,
SPRAGUE, J.E.
ST. AMANT, L.S.
STANDARI OIL CO,
STANG, P.P.
STEGEMA:;, J.j.
INDIANA
STELTNEP, H.A.P.
S U E S S M . J .
S'JGAl', K!
SULLIVAN, J.E.
S'.'LLQw VOE ENVIRON AD GROUP
SUTTON, E.A.
S'^TON, E.A.
SUTTON, E.A.
SUTTON, E.A.
SWEENEY, P.
7ABACHNIKOV, V.I.
TEICHEPT, J.
THOMPSON, S.
THORNTON, D.E.
TRO'JT, J.R.
TPUMBULL, J.V.A.
T p V V
TSUTSUMI, S.
UCHUPI, E.
UDOVENKC, I.A.
UK .DEFT OF TRADE
0351
0265
0-297
C2Q8
C10Q
0366
0051
0208
0054
C205
0206
02Q9
005"
0091
0300
0102
0301
0092
0029
0055
0066
0051
03^8
0177
0022
289
-------
WARREN, B
WASIK, S.
WATSON, R.D,
WATTERSON
WEINTRAUP
WEINTRAUB, M.H
WEISS, D.E.
WEISS, F.T.
WEISS, W.F.
S.E.
M.H.
JR.
WELLS
P.G.
VIDAL, A.
J.F.
K.G.
WELSH,
WERNER,
WESTERDUIN, P.F.
WHELAN, T., Ill
WHITTLE, K.J.
WIENS, A.P.
WILKINS, G.E.
WILKINSON, P.
WILKINSON, P.
WILKINSON, P.
WILKINSON, P.
WILKINSON, P.
WOLKOFF, A.W.
WONG, C.S.
WOODWARD-CLYDE CONSULTANTS
WYETH, R.
YAMAGUCHI, T.
YANO, I.
YEN, T.F.
VERKHOTINA, L.J.
YOUNG, L.
YOUNGER, J.
ZACHARIAS, E.M.
ZINGULA, R.P.
ZMUDZINSKI, L.
ZSOLNAY, A.
U.S. DEFT-ENVIRONMENT 0162
U.S. EPA 0036
U.S. EPA 020^
U.S. EPA 0324
U.S. EPA 04^6
U.S. EPA 0437
U.S. EPA
U.S. FEDERAL ENERGY ADM
U.S. FEDERAL ENERGY ADM
U.S. FEDERAL ENERGY ADM
U.S. FEDERAL ENERGY ADH
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
USUI, K.
VANDERHORST, J.R.
VANDERHORST, J.R.
VANDERHORST, J.S.
VANDERHORST, J.-.
VANDERHORST, J.F.
VANDERKOOY, N.
VANDERMEULEN, J.H.
VANDEPMEULEN, J.
VANDERMEULEN, J.H.
VANDI, A.
VAN KQILFNEERG, J.
VERMEER, K.
VEPMEER, K.
VERSICHELE, D.
VIRTANEN, A. A.
VOLLMERS, H.
VON BORSTAL, E.E.
WAKAEAYASHI, Y.
WALKER, J.D.
WALKER, J.D.
WALKER, J.D.
WALTHER, H.C., JR.
0136
0'37
0422
042'
0369
0206
00^7
0038
0039
004C
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0254
0302
0325
QU li
0152
0056
0041
03C-
0267
0123
0402
0392
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0389
0255
0400
0080
0057
0370
0165
C20Q
0124
0415
0256
0304
021 3
0085
0448
0218
0"3'
0305
02Q2
C31Q
00'7
0038
0039
0040
0266
007°
0042
0371
0323
0023
009 '
0372
0169
0306
0336
0157
0373
0043
0416
290
-------
APPENDIX
Periodicals Reviewed
Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants
Alaska Seas and Coasts
Alternatives: Perspectives on Society and Environment
Ambio
American Fisheries Society Transactions
Applied Energy
Applied Microbiology
Applied Science & Technology Index
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
Audubon
Australian Science Index
Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission fuer
Meeresforschung
Biological Abstracts
Bioscience
British Birds
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
California Water Pollution Control Association Bulletin
Chemical Abstracts
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Week
Chemistry in Canada
Chemosphere
Current Contents: Life Sciences
Current Contents: Physical and Chemical Sciences
Deep-Sea Research
Ecolibrium
Ecological Abstracts
Ecological Modelling
Ecological Society of America Bulletin
Ecology Law Quarterly
Energy Review
Environment
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Action
Environmental Conservation
Environmental Geology
Environmental Health and Pollution Control
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Science & Technology
Environmental Technology and Economics
EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly
Erdoel und Kohle Erdgas Petrochemie vereinigt mit Brennstoffchemie
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science
291
-------
Fuel Abstracts and Current Titles
Government Reports Announcements
IMS Newsletter
India Journal of Environmental Health
Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin
International Aerospace Abstracts
International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
International Petroleum Abstracts
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology
Journal of Chromatography
Journal of Environmental Science and Health
Journal of Environmental Sciences
Journal of Petroleum Technology
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
Limnology and Oceanography
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Journal
Marine Biology
Marine Chemistry
Marine Fisheries Review
Marine Geology
Marine Geotechnology
Marine Newsletter
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Marine Science Contents Tables
Marine Technology Society, Journal
Maritime Research Information Service Abstracts
Massachusetts Audubon
Microbial Ecology
National Fisherman
National Petroleum News
National Research Council, News Report
National Wildlife
Nature
New Technical Books
Nippon Susan Gakkai Shi. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of
Scientific Fisheries
Ocean Engineering
Ocean Industry
Ocean Management
Ocean Oil Weekly Report
Oceanic Abstracts
Oceanus
Offshore
Offshore Abstracts
Oil and Gas Journal
Outdoor California
Pacific Oil World
Petroleum Abstracts
Petroleum Engineer International
292
-------
Petroleum Today
Pollution Abstracts
Pollution Engineering
Proceedings in Print
Resources
Resource Recovery and Conservation
Royal Society of London, Proceedings, Series B, Biological Sciences
Science
Science News
Science of the Total Environment
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Sea Frontiers
Sea Secrets
Sea Technology
Selected References on Environmental Quality
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Sierra Club, San Francisco, Bulletin
Technical Book Review
The Ecologist
The Engineering Index
The International Journal of Environmental Studies
The Sciences
UDS Water Quality Control Digest
Underwater Information Bulletin
Underwater Naturalist
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Water Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control Federation, Journal
Water Research
WRC Information
Western Fisheries
293
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-77-075
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
November 1976 - January 1977
5. REPORT DATE
April 1977
i ssu i ng date
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck, Paul Nordin
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BB041
93106
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
R-803992
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-Cin.
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
OH
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Quarterly Nov. 76 - Jan. 77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/12
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES See also EPA-67O/2-75-003, PB-240 719; EPA-670/2-75-044, PB 242 542
EPA-670/2-75-059, PB-243 724; EPA-600/2-76-113, PB-258 745; EPA-500/2-76-185, PB-257
886; EPA-500/2-76-215, PB-259 932; and E_PA_ 600/2-76-266.
16. ABSTRACT
The November 1976 - January 1977 Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports is the tenth
quarterly compilation of oil spill events and oil pollution report summaries.
Presented in the report are: (a) summaries of oil spill events; (b) summaries and
bibliographic literature citations; (c) summaries of current research projects;
and (d) patent summaries. This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of
EPA Grant No. R803992 by the Marine Science Institute, University of California,
Santa Barbara, under the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
*Bibliographies
*Summaries
^Patents
*Documents
*Research
Oil pollution
Oil spill events
Oil spill research
Oil pollution control
Oil pollution patents
13B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
304
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
294
ills GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1977—757-056/5605
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Edison, New Jersey 08817
We are requesting your assistance upon receiving the report ("oil
Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, November 1976 - January 1977").
Is the information usable?
Is the format helpful?
We invite your comments and suggestions. Thank you.
QJ
S-
O)
Name
Organization_
Address
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Mr. J. S. Dorrler
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Edison, New Jersey 08817
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