EPA-670/2-75-059
June 1975 Environmental Protection Technology Series
OIL POLLUTION
February 1375 -
National Environmental Research Center
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
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EPA-670/2-75-059
June 1975
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
February 1975 - April 1975
By
Floyd A. DeWitt, Jr., and Penelope Melvin
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
Project No. R803063
Program Element No. 1BB041
Project Officer
J. S. Dorrler
Industrial Waste Treatment Research Laboratory
Edison, New Jersey 08817
11 - -,-^-T~ • ,
U. o. : . . . • ).'i^'-v>.. •
EOiSOi'i . , i. U:,/
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
For tale by the Superintendent of Document*, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, O.C. 20402
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REVIEW NOTICE
The National Environmental Research Center-
Cincinnati has reviewed this report and approved its
publication. Approval does not signify that the contents
necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
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FOREWORD
Man and his environment must be protected from the
adverse effects of pesticides, radiation, noise and other
forms of pollution, and the unwise management of solid waste.
Efforts to protect the environment require a focus that
recognizes the interplay between the components of our
physical environment—air, water, and land. The National
Environmental Research Centers provide this multidisciplinary
focus through programs engaged in
• studies on the effects of environmental
contaminants on man and the biosphere, and
• a search for ways to prevent contamination
and to recycle valuable resources.
The compilation and dissemination of pertinent informa-
tion is essential to understanding and management of the
environment.
This report is the third in a series of quarterly reports
highlighting research and literature dealing with the prevention,
control and cleanup of oil spills.
A. W. Breidenbach, Ph.D.
Director
National Environmental Research
Center, Cincinnati
m
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ABSTRACT
The February 1975 - April 1975 Oil Spill and Oil Pollution
Report is the third quarterly compilation of oil pollution
report summaries.
The following topics are included in the report:
a) Summaries and bibliographic literature citations;
b) Current status of some of the research projects
as listed in Reports I and II;
c) Summaries of additional current research projects;
and,
d) Patent summaries.
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant
No. R803063 by the Marine Science Institute, University of
California, Santa Barbara, California, under the sponsorship
of the Environmental Protection Agency.
iv
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract iv
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction , x
Sections
I Publications and Reports
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Reporting 1
2. Monitoring 6
3. Remote Sensing , 15
4. Sampling 17
5. Analysis 18
B. Oil Pollution Control
1. Containment 31
2. Cleanup and Recovery 37
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Effects 52
2. Physical Effects 70
3. Chemical Effects 71
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(cont'd) Page
D. Oil Pollution Prevention
1. Design and Engineering 72
2. Oil Handling 75
3. Waste Water Treatment 77
4. Research 86
5. Regulations, Standards and Planning 88
E. Effects of Oil Prospecting and Production
1. Biological Effects 91
2. Physical Effects 95
3. Economic Effects 96
4. General Effects 97
F. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biological Degradation 101
2. Chemical Changes 108
3. Physical Changes 110
4. General Fate of Oil 113
G. Oil Pollution Legislation
1. State Legislation 114
2. National Legislation 115
3. International Legislation 117
4. Foreign Legislation 119
H. Bibliographies 121
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(cont'd) Page
II Current Status of Some of the Research Projects as Listed
in Previous Reports
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Monitoring 123
2. Remote Sensing 126
3. Analysis 130
B. Oil Pollution Control
1. Containment 135
2. Cleanup and Recovery 136
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Effects 137
2. Physical Effects 155
3. Economic Effects 157
4. General Effects 158
D. Oil Pollution Prevention
1. Oil Handling 159
2. Waste Water Treatment , 161
3. Research 162
E. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biological Degradation 164
2. General 172
F. Legal Aspects of Oil Pollution 173
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(cont'd) Page
III Current Research Projects
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Monitoring 174
2. Remote Sensing 175
3. Analysis 176
B. Oil Pollution Control
1. Containment 178
2. Cleanup and Recovery 179
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological 181
2. Physical 185
D. Oil Pollution Prevention
1. Design and Engineering 186
2. Waste Water Treatment 187
3. Personnel Training and Education 188
4. Research 189
E. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biological Degradation 190
F. Legal Aspects of Oil Pollution 192
IV Patents
A. United States Patents 193
B. Foreign Patents 216
Topic Cross Reference 230
Appendix 232
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank Ms, Robin Quetin for
assisting in compiling and summarizing entries, and Ms. Mary
Ankeny and Ms. Yvonne Pommerville for typing the camera-ready
copy of Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports. Suggestions for
improvement of the format or content will be gratefully received.
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the "Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports" series is to
present a concise, comprehensive information source on oil pollution
events, current research and oil pollution related publications. This
is the third quarterly edition of "Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports."
Included are bibliographic citations and summaries of articles from the
scientific and technical literature (Section I), the status and results
of Current Research Project entries listed in Reports I and II (Section
II), additional Current Research Projects (Section III)., and oil
pollution related patents (Section IV). Unlike the first edition, a
section on oil spill events is not included, but will appear in subsequent
oil pollution reports.
The sources of the bibliographic citations and summaries of articles
presented in Section I are scientific, technical and abstract journals.
A list of the periodicals reviewed is provided in the appendix. The
summarized material is grouped according to subject and then arranged
alphabetically by senior author within each subject division. New subject
headings have been added to the subject outline and include subtopics
relating to the Fate of Oil in the Environment (Biological degradation,
Physical changes. Chemical changes and General), and subtopics covering
areas of Waste Water Treatment and oil pollution Regulations, Standards
and Planning (listed under the heading Oil Pollution Prevention).
Bibliographic citations, as well as Current Research Project entries
appearing in this report are arranged according to the expanded subject
outline.
Section II lists Current Research Project entries appearing in Reports I
and II and includes descriptive project information provided upon request
by the principal investigators and/or performing organization. All reports
and publications are entered in summary form. The entries in Section II
are not complete in that status information is not given for all research
projects listed in Reports I and II. Some responses to request letters
were not received prior to publication date. At the end of each entry,
the name and address of the project information source are given.
Current Research Project summaries (Section III) are grouped according
to subject and then arranged alphabetically by senior principal investi-
gator within each subject division. Some of the Current Research Projects
listed in previous Oil Pollution Reports have been recently renewed.
These projects have been relisted and are headed by the same serial number
as originally reported, followed by the word (Renewal). All the research
project information was obtained from the Smithsonian Science Information
Exchange (SSIE).
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Patent summaries are divided into United States and foreign subsections
and arranged alphabetically by inventor in each section. All patent
information is obtained from abstract journals. Illustrations of United
States patented devices are obtained from the U.S. Patent Office Official
Gazette.
All report entries are serialized. Each section has its own number
series. The serial numbers in this report are a continuation of the
numbering system appearing in Reports I and II. The letters preceding
the serial numbers designate the following sections: C, citations
from the literature; R, research projects; P, patents. This number
series will continue in subsequent reports. Many of the entries can be
included under more than one subject heading. Following each summary
are listed any other topics under which the entry can be categorized.
A subject cross index is provided at the end of the report.
XI
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SECTION I. PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. REPORTING
C-448-74
(no title)
Anon. 1975.
Ocean Oil Weekly Report 9(16):1.
A report entitled "Petroleum in the Marine Environment," prepared
by the Ocean Affairs Board of the National Research Council,
National Academy of Sciences, has indicated that oil pollution
entering the oceans from offshore oil operations is the least
significant oil pollution source. River and urban runoff,
coastal refineries, industrial wastes and natural seeps are
reported as more significant sources of oil pollution, with
transportation operations rated as the greatest contributor.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-449-74
HOW MUCH OIL IS SPILLED
Anon. 1975.
Science News 107(3):41.
The article reports the estimates made by the Ocean Affairs Board
of the National Research Council of the amount of oil contamination
in the oceans. The Board favors a conservative estimate of around
6.1 million tons/year, with severe ecological effects in localized
areas. The researchers emphasize that knowledge in this area is
grossly inadequate and further studies are needed to determine the
actual biological effects of oil and dispersants.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-450-74
LIBERIAN TANKER SPILLS BUNKER C IN BANTRY BAY
Anon. 1974.
The Oil and Gas Journal 73(3):49.
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The article reports the spilling of 451 tons of bunker fuel into
Bantry Bay, Ireland, as a result of the collision of a supertanker
and a tugboat. Cleanup operations are reported to be underway.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-451-74
OIL SPILL PERSPECTIVES
Anon. 1975.
Chemistry in Canada 27(1):9.
Possible quantities of spilled oil and tar off the British Columbia
coast, as stated by Canada's prime minister, Jeanne Sauve, are
reported in the article. Sauve1s comments given at a Marine
Pollution Symposium on future environmental management and compre-
hensive approaches to marine pollution prevention are also presented.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-452-74
SEVENTEEN OIL SPILLS IN NORTH ALASKA SINCE 1969
Anon. 1975.
Science News 104(6):86-87.
Although construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline will not begin
until summer, 1975, at least seventeen oil spills have been
reported at facilities on the slopes since drilling began in 1969.
Oil spill events, spill recovery and caution on the part of the
oil companies are discussed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-453-74
TRANSLATIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, NO. 48
Anon. 1974.
Translations of Monographs from various journals. 53 p.
A section on the increasing dangers of oil pollution in Gulf
waters is one of the topics included in the translations.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
74(23). Entry #JPRS-62763.
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C-454-74
OIL ACCIDENTS ENDANGERING WATER SUPPLIES. II: THE PRESENT STATE
OF THE PROBLEM
Boettcher, F. 1973.
GWF Wasser Abwasser 114(10}:488-489.
The report surveys statistical data on the occurrences and causes
of oil spills in the Federal Republic of Germany from the period
1964 to the present. Oil leakage from tankers, discharges of
excess oil in various locations, and poor maintenance of equip-
ment are reported as some of the frequent causes of oil pollution.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control,
1974. 6(1). Entry #244.
C-455-74
GROUNDED SHIP IS SALVAGE CHALLENGE
Frye, J. 1975.
National Fisherman 55(11):11-B, 15-B.
The article reviews the disastrous grounding of the supertanker
Metula. chartered by a subsidiary of the Royal Dutch Shell
Group, on August 9, 1974. The tanker grounded when it ran out
of the 62 ft. depth necessary for passage in the Straits of
Magellan. An estimated 54,000 tons of Persian light crude oil
were spilled.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-456-74
TROPICAL STORM AGNES PENNSYLVANIA'S TORREY CANYON
Kaiser, R., D. Jones, and H. Lamp'l. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March 1973, Washington, D. C., 4172. p. 569-577.
The paper reports the occurrence of the largest inland oil spill
disaster in U. S. history caused by Tropical Storm Agnes, and the
actions taken by the Environmental Protection Agency in coping
with the oil spill. Major spill effects, cleanup operations and
problems encountered are discussed.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13018.
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C-457-74
AN ANALYSIS OF OIL OUTFLOWS DUE TO TANKER ACCIDENTS
Keith, V. F., and J. D. Porricelli. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March 1973, Washington, D. C., 4172. p. 3-14.
The paper presented an analysis which calculated the amount of oil
entering the sea due to worldwide tanker casualties during 1969
and 1970.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q12993M.
C-458-74
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR HARBORS
Monney, N. T. 1973.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 16(4):17-21.
Included in this paper dealing with problems involved with
discharges from vessels, is a discussion of oil pollution from
vessels. An estimate of 5 million metric tons of oil discharged
from nonrecreational ships in 1970 is reported.
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1974. 11(6). Entry #05600.
C-459-74
PETROLEUM RESIDUES IN THE SARGASSO SEA AND ON BERMUDA BEACHES
Morris, B. F., and J. W. Butler. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March 1973, Washington, D. C. 41721 p. 521-572.
"Tar lumps" amount to 86,000 metric tons in the Northwest Atlantic;
most of the tar is found in the Sargasso Sea. Chemical character-
istics suggest that the source of the tar lumps is crude oil sludge
from tanker washings. Degradation is on the order of years.
Analysis
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13060M.
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C-460-74
TAR POLLUTION OF SIERRA LEONE BEACHES
Okera, W. 1974.
Nature 252(5485):682.
The article reports the appearance of pelagic tar on the sandy
beaches of Sierra Leone during the period June, 1973 to July,
1974. The origin and fate of the tar lumps are discussed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-461-74
THE PRESENT STATE OF CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTION IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC
Simonov, A. I., S. G. Oradovsky, and A. A. Yushchak. 1974.
Meteoroligiia I Gidrologiia 3:61-69.
Information on the amounts of oil, mercury, detergents and
pesticides in the North Atlantic in 1972-1973 is presented and
the significance of circulation in pollutant transport in these
waters is discussed.
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1974. 6(1). Entry #75-00251
C-462-74
NATURAL MARINE OIL SEEPAGE
Wilson, R. D., et al. 1974.
Science 184(4139):857-865.
The yearly oil input into the oceans from naturally occurring
marine seepage has been estimated to be 0.6 x 106 metric tons/yr.
High seep potential areas in the Pacific Ocean are the major
contributors.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
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2. MONITORING
C-463-74
COLOR CODING OF OIL SPILLS
Alfonzo, A., and H. G. Schwartzberg. 1974.
Engineering Bulletin, Purdue University, Engineering Extension
Series (141). Part 2:939-951.
"Petroleum can be coded by the addition of 0.5 - 10 ppm of oil-
soluble dyes. Petroleum concentrations relative to the oil color
can be determined by visible light spectrophotometry."
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry
#140549h.
C-464-74
DICTAPHONE OFFERS HYDROCARBON DETECTOR
Anon. 1974.
Chemical & Engineering News. 52(51):16.
The design and development of a line of instruments used to detect
combustible hydrocarbons are described. The systems can be adapted
for use wherever hydrocarbons are produced, processed, stored or
transported.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-465-74
OIL CONTENT MONITOR AND CONTROLLER
Anon.
Product Information.
The Hyde Oil Content Monitor is a detection instrument which is
reported to provide continuous surveillance of waste streams and
treatment system effluents. It is able to measure trace quantities
of oil as low as 1 ppm. The operation, features and specifications
of the monitor are given.
Design and engineering
Information Source: E. E. Heidenreich, Hyde Products, Inc., 810
Sharon Dr., Westlake, Ohio 44145.
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C-466-74
OIL SPILL DETECTOR
Anon. 1974.
Environmental Science & Technology 8(10):948.
The operation of a floating unit which is useful in the detection
and recovery of spilled oil is described.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-467-74
WIDESPREAD OIL AND PLASTIC CONTAMINANTS IN ATLANTIC
Anon. 1974.
Sea Technology 52(2):25-27.
Two NOAA surveys, conducted in 1972 and 1973, examined the extent
of floating oil and plastic contaminants in the U. S. East Coast
oceanic waters. Oils and plastics appeared in every area sampled
and >50% of all plankton samples were tainted with oil.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(9). Entry #4Q9552M.
C-468-74
LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF SOLUTES DISSOLVED IN WATER FROM A
REMOTE PLATFORM
Brown, C. W. 1974.
U. S. NTIS Report PB 233 432/4GA. 19 p.
An optical system for obtaining remote Raman spectra of ionic
solutes dissolved in water was developed for use in detecting
N0~~, oil slicks on water surfaces, and dissolved SOA^", P0.*~,
and C032~. 4 4
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(6). Entry #34895d.
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C-469-74
PELAGIC TAR FROM BERMUDA AND THE SARGASSO SEA
Butler, J. N., B. F. Morris, and J. Sass. 1973.
Bermuda Biological Station for Research,Special Publication (10):
1-346.
From surveys of pelagic tar lumps in the Atlantic Ocean, it has
been reported that highest concentrations occur in the Sargasso
Sea (2-40 mg/mz). The chemical composition and possible sources
of pelagic tar on Bermuda beaches and in the Sargasso Sea are
discussed.
Reporting
Analysis
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1974. 58(12) Entry
#69251.
C-470-74
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS AND FOR INTER-
PRETATION OF DATA TO ASSESS OIL SPILL EFFECTS IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March 1973, Washington, D. C. 4172. p. 161-172.
The feasibility of using aquatic organisms which originally
contained biogenic n-paraffin hydrocarbons as indicators of
petroleum pollution is reported. The analytical techniques used
to isolate and identify n-paraffin hydrocarbons from plant,
animal, petroleum and sediment samples are described.
Analysis
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry
#138249s.
C-471-74
THE SEARCH FOR CLEAN AIR
Duskin, K. 1973-1974 winter.
Quest 11(2):22-23.
The article describes the work conducted on a 22 day voyage of
the German oceanic vessel "Meteor." Types and concentrations of
hydrocarbons in the air and in certain Atlantic Ocean and Sargasso
Sea surface waters were measured and removal mechanisms of natural
hydrocarbons were studied.
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Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1974. 11(6). Entry
#74-05622.
C-472-74
IDENTIFICATION OF OIL POLLUTANTS: A REVIEW OF SOME RECENT METHODS
Gruenfeld, M. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 179-193.
Passive tagging of oils can be done using indices such as vanadium,
nickel, sulfur and nitrogen content, gas chromatographic profile
appearance, and carbon and sulfur isotope ratios. These indices
are determined using a wide spectrum of instruments and techniques.
Analysis
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q12999M.
C-473-74
DETECTION OF FLOATING OILS ON WATER [English Summary]
Hagiwara, K., T. Tanaka, Y. Murakami, K. Hiiro, and A. Hawahara.
1974.
Bunseki Kagaku 23(7)-.794-795.
An automatic device has been developed which detects the presence
of floating oils as thin as a few microns by collecting the oils
on a translucent polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride film and
measuring the light absorbance for the polymer film with the oils.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry
#175773d.
C-474-74
HYDROCARBONS IN (AEROBIC) SEDIMENTS OF INLAND WATERS IN THE
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
Hellman, H., and M. Holeczek. 1974.
Deutsche Gewaesserkundliche Mitteilungen 18(4):96-100.
An attempt was made to determine the concentration and distribution
of various hydrocarbons, particularly the paraffins, in sediments
of German inland waters; and to compare them to that of petroleum
products (fuel oil, lubrication oils).
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1975.
4(11). Entry #4Q11214F.
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C-475-74
PROMPT DETECTION AND TRACING OF OILS AND OTHER DETRIMENTAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Jeltes, R. 1974.
Water Research 8(11) :977-987.
The author suggests the establishment of small environmental
"first-aid" laboratories in the world for administering quick and
effective assistance in the detection of oil or other toxic materials
in water.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975. 13(1).
Entry #006863.
C-476-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A FLOATING OIL SLICK DETECTOR
Kriebel, A. R. 1973.
NTIS Report AD-777 023/3WP. 139 p.
The laboratory tests undertaken to develop a floating oil detector
are described. The operation and limitations of the detector are
given.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12). Entry
#12-74-10232.
C-477-74
C1 - C4 HYDROCARBONS IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH PACIFIC
Lamontagne, R. A., J. W. Swinnerton, and V. J. Linnenbon. 1974.
Tellus 26(l-3):71-77.
Low molecular weight hydrocarbons in surface waters of the North
and South Pacific have been determined. Average concentrations and
locations of the C, - C. hydrocarbons in these regions are given.
Analysis
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry
#138840c.
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C-478-74
A TECHNIQUE FOR PREDICTING THE MOVEMENT OF OIL SPILLS IN NEW YORK
HARBOR
Lissauer, I. M. 1974.
Final Report, No. CGR/DC-8/74, USCG-D-6-75. 59 p.
The following topics are reviewed in the report: New York Harbor
experiments; factors determining the movement of oil spills;
potential oil pollution sites—Upper New York Bay.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974. 7(25).
Entry # AD-786 627/OGA.
C-479-74
HYDROCARBON POLLUTION IN THE WATERS OF THE UPPER ADRIATIC
Majori, L., F. Petronio, and G. Nedoclan. 1973.
In: Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium of Medical
Oceanography, Messina, October 4-7, 1971. S. Genovese (editor),
Messina, Italy, p. 449-473.
Data are presented on superficial and residual oil determinations
in the Gulf of Trieste. Widespread pollution was detected with
pollution reaching high values in limited areas.
Analysis
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. 1974,
4(9). Entry #4Q9599M.
C-480-74
MEASUREMENT OF HYDROCARBONS IN WATER: APPLICATION TO CASES OF SURFACE
WATER POLLUTION
Mallevialle, J. 1974.
Water Research 8(12):1071-1075.
The aim of the author was to observe changes in the amount of hydro-
carbons in a river, upstream and downstream from an industrial
estate. It was concluded that hydrocarbons in water can be measured
by extraction with carbon tetrachloride,fluorisil chromatography
and measurement of absorption over the 3000-2800 cm" infrared range.
Analysis
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
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C-481-74
OIL-ON-WATER SENSOR
McCormack, K., G. Fournier, and W. Knight. 1975.
Contract DPT-C6-31888-A, AD-784104; TI-UI-998200-01-F; USCG-D-87-74.
NTIS Report CSCL 17/5. 206 p.
This final report describes the prototype equipment, construction
and development of the Oil-on-Water Sensor, a system which detects
the presence of oil on water by emitting a wideband IR impulse and
receiving reflection at two narrow spectral bands.
Design and Engineering
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports. 1975.
13(2). Entry #N75-11454.
C-482-74
DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROCARBON-OXIDIZING MICROORGANISMS IN SOME SEAS
Mironov, 0. G. 1973.
In: Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium of Medical
Oceanography, Messina, October 4-7, 1971. S. Genovese (editor),
Messina, Italy, p. 315-324.
The paper focuses on the relationship between the presence of hydro-
carbon-utilizing microorganisms in the oceans and the pollution of
the sea by oil. The role of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria as
indicators of oil pollution is considered.
Biological degradation
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(9). Entry #4Q9598M.
C-483-74
OIL SPILL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM STUDY
Mohr, D., K. McCormack, G. Brewster, and G. Fournier. 1973.
Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Series, Report
EPA-R2-73-215. GPO Sup. Doc. EP1.23/2:73-215. 215 p.
Studies testing the ability of active and passive infrared sensor
systems to detect petroleum on water were conducted. A combination
of the two systems is recommended as an effective oil detection-
12
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monitoring device, since the active sensor provides absolute oil
spill detection for ranges to 300 feet, and the passive sensor
determines oil volume, areal coverage and probable oil detection
for ranges to 1000 ft.
Remote Sensing
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(1),
Entry #W75-00007.
C-484-74
A PORTABLE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE DISSOLVED
HYDROCARBONS IN SEAWATER
Perras, J. C. 1973.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-2-75, CGR/DC-10/74. Contract DOT-CG-21660-A-3.
53 p.
The project's objective was to develop an automated portable gas
chromatographic technique useful aboard small vessels to detect
the presence of dissolved hydrocarbons in seawater and measure
their concentrations. A summary of progress in the development of
the apparatus is presented.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974. 7(25).
Entry #AD-786 583/5GA.
C-485-74
ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE WATER POLLUTANTS
Seklon, K. S., and R. C. Binder. 1973.
Proceedings of 2nd Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental
Pollutants, Washington, D. C. p. 177-184.
Ultrasonic velocity and absorption of sound were measured to determine
the extent of pollution in fresh and seawater by crude oil, diesel
oil and Cl solution. The sonic velocity, velocity gradient with
respect to pollutant temperature, velocity gradient with respect
to pollutant concentration, and percent attenuation were used in
the determinations.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(24). Entry #138426a.
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C-486-74
OCEANIC DISTRIBUTION OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS
Swinnerton, J. W., and R. A. Lamontagne. 1974.
Environmental Science & Technology 8(7):657-663.
Data are provided on the concentration and distribution of low-
molecular-weight hydrocarbons in surface waters of the Gulf of
Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic and Pacific oceans and other
seas.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12).
Entry #12-74-10213.
C-487-74
INFRARED OIL FILM MONITOR
Wright & Wright, Inc. 1975.
Marine Technology Society Journal 9(l):22-24.
The design and operation of the infrared oil film monitor are
described. The instrument consists of a transmitter which projects
a light beam to the water surface, and a receiver, which analyzes
the reflected infrared light from the water's surface. An alarm
is activated when oil is detected.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Wright & Wright, Inc., Environmental Engineers,
16 Braeland Ave., Newton Centre, Massachusetts
02159.
14
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3. REMOTE SENSING
C-488-74
VOLUMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MARINE OIL SPILLS USING COORDINATED
AIRBORNE AND SURFACE SAMPLING DATA
Estes, J. E., P. G. Mikolaj, R. R. Thaman, and L. W. Senger. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 117-125.
"Methods and equipment are described which are used to obtain
ground truth data on oil slick thickness, and techniques for
interpreting these data by means of remotely sensed imagery. The
method is applied to at-sea tests of an oil containment barrier."
Containment
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q12995M.
C-489-74
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL AIRBORNE LASER OIL SPILL REMOTE
SENSING SYSTEM
Fantasia, J. F., and H. C. Ingrao. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 101-115.
Laser stimulated oil fluorescence is used as a technique for
remote detection and coarse oil classification of oil spills.
Quantification is possible under certain conditions.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13141M.
C-490-74
DEVELOPMENT OF U.S. COAST GUARD PROTOTYPE AIRBORNE OIL SURVEILLANCE
SYSTEM
Ketchel, R. J., and A. T. Edgerton. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 127-137.
Multispectral sensors, operating from the UV to the microwave
region of the electromagnetic spectrum, will form a system for
day/night all-weather airborne monitoring of oil spills at sea.
Aerojet Electrosystems Company is the designer of the system.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13142.
15
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C-491-74
POLARIZATION: A KEY TO AN AIRBORNE OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR THE
DETECTION OF OIL ON WATER
Millard, J. P., and J. C. Arvesen. 1973.
Science 180:1170-1171.
"Skylight polarization, varying with the sun's position in the
sky, influences the contrast of oil on water. Good contrast is
most consistently obtained by viewing in azimuth directions
toward or away from the sun, and the contrast is enhanced by
imaging selected polarization components and by taking the
difference between orthogonal polarization components."
Monitoring
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-492-74
ARIAL (sic) DETECTION OF SPILL SOURCES
Rudder, C. L., A. G. Wallace, and C. J. Reinheimer. 1973.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Monitoring. Environmental Protection Technology Series EPA-R2-
73-289. 32 p.
Aerial photographs of oil refineries are included in an imagery
interpretation key of the petroleum industry, developed in
conjunction with an aerial surveillance spill prevention system.
Potential spill sources, as related to processing systems, product
storage, and disposition of by-products are identified.
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00465.
16
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4. SAMPLING
C-493-74
EVAPORATION OF BOAT DEPLOYABLE THIN FILM OIL SAMPLERS
Chang, W. J., and W. A. Saner. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. 1:577-583. Paper 1996.
A series of tests were made evaluating the operation and
efficiency of sorbent oil samplers. Gas chromatography, ultra-
violet fluorescence and infrared spectrophotometry were
techniques used to assess the sampler's ability to maintain
the chemical integrity of three different oils tested.
Analysis
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #074493.
C-494-74
TAR POLLUTION SURVEY AT GOLDEN BEACH, FLORIDA
Curtis, M., and W. Saner. 1974.
Final Report, No. CGR/DC-14/74, USCG-D-3-75. 38 p.
A study,which focused on ambient levels of tar pollution of a
beach area on the Southeast Florida coast, evaluated the effect
of sampling zones of various sizes, and determined the effect of
tar buildup on the beach with time, and the effect of wind on
tar deposition.
General effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974. 7(25)
Entry IAD-786 632/OGA.
17
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5. ANALYSIS
C-495-74
A METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF OIL FROM AN AQUEOUS OIL-DETERGENT
SOLUTION PRIOR TO IR ANALYSIS
Adams, C. E. 1974.
Final Report, No. NOLTR-74-102. 15 p.
A procedure is described which allows for the analysis of oil-in-
water solutions in the presence of dissolved detergents, using
the CC14 extraction-IR spectrophotometric method. In a previous
test, the procedure effectively removed all the detergent in
solution, leaving a CCl4-oil solution for analysis.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements, 1974. 7(25),
Entry #AD-786 703/9GA. .
C-496-74
SAMPLING ERRORS IN THE QUANTIFICATION OF PETROLEUM IN BOSTON
HARBOR WATER
Ahmed, S. M., M. D. Beasley, A. C. Efromsen, and R. A. Hites. 1974.
Analytical Chemistry 46(12):1858-1860.
The article describes the results of tests measuring the precision
and accuracy of sampling methods for determining petroleum amounts
discharged into large bodies of water. The oil recovery by CC14
sampling was 100%, whereas the oil recovery by the foam adsorption
method was much less.
Sampling
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry #140616c.
C-497-74
SOLUBILIZATION OF HYDROCARBONS BY THE DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER IN
THE SEA
Boehm, P. D., and J. G. Quinn. 1973.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37(11):2459-2477.
Analyses were conducted which determined the ability of water
samples from Narragansett Bay and Providence River, and fulvic
acid/saline water solutions to solubilize n-alkane, pristane and
aromatic hydrocarbons and dibutyl phthalate. The results of the
experiments are presented.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(24). Entry # W74-13166.
18
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C-498-74
DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY HYDROCARBONS IN SOME ATLANTIC OCEAN WATERS
Brown, R. A., T. D. Sear!, J. J. Elliot, and B. C. Phillips. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 2172. p. 505-519.
Four hundred water samples were collected from two well traveled
tanker routes (U.S. Gulf Coast to East Coast and Caribbean to
East Coast) at a depth of 10 m and at the surface. Each sample
was analyzed for hydrocarbon content, and it was found that non-
volatile hydrocarbons were present in the concentration range of
0.001 to 0.012 ppm weight. Sampling and analysis methods are
described.
Sampling
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q12187M.
C-499-74
CONTACT (OIL) WATER DETERMINATION IN TERRESTRIAL WATERS USING AN
OCEANOGRAPHIC METHOD
Buljan, M. 1974.
Acta Adriatica 15(4):1-19.
The paper describes a method for discriminating between contact
water (waters containing natural petroleum) and natural waters.
The technique involves the finding of two properties: sulfate
balance and the index of aeration.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1974. 58(11).
Entry #60021.
C-500-74
DETERMINATION USING MODERN METHODS OF IMPURITIES POLLUTING THE
WASTE WATERS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES [English Translation]
Chernatskaya, A. N. 1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:24-25.
"A review is given discussing methods and apparatus for deter-
mining the title impurities."
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(6). Entry #34738e.
19
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C-501-74
COMPARATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF OIL SPILLS BY FLUORESCENCE
SPECTROSCOPY FINGERPRINTING
Coakley, VI. A. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 215-222.
A simple method has been developed for the comparative identi-
fication of oil spills with suspect source oils using fluorescence
spectroscopy fingerprinting. An explanation of the technique is
given.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13001G.
C-502-74
MICRODETERMINATION OF GASOLINE IN POTABLE WATERS BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
DelTAcqua, R., and B. Bush. 1973.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
3(2):141-146.
The analytical method to identify and quantitatively determine
levels of gasoline in potable water is described.
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00317.
C-503-74
CORRELATION OF PHASE INVERSION WITH STABILITY OF OIL-IN-WATER
EMULSIONS STABILIZED BY (POLYOXYETHYLENE)4 CETYL ETHER
Enever, R. P. 1974.
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 26 (Supplement):128p-129p.
The paper examines the correlation between the phase inversion
temperatures of oil-in-water emulsions and the emulsion stability,
assessed by measurement of globule coalescence rates.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-504-74
SOME PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE COLLECTION OF MARINE SAMPLES
AND ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS
Farrington, J. W. 1974.
NTIS Report AD-777 695/8WP. 24 p.
20
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The author discusses the problems associated with collecting and
analyzing hydrocarbon samples under contaminant-free conditions
and the use of accurate techniques used in other laboratories.
Sampling
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12)
Entry: 12-74-10237.
C-505-74
HYDROCARBONS IN SPRING WATERS. OIL POLLUTION OR NATURAL SUBSTANCES
Hellmann, H. 1974.
Tenside Detergents 11(4):197-201.
Gas chromatographic and IR-spectrosopic analyses of hydrocarbons
in spring waters indicated seasonal changes in the concentrations
of straight chain and branched Ci4_38 paraffins. The hydrocarbons
were mainly of biogenous origin.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(6). Entry #34781p.
C-506-74
DISCRIMINATION OF WASTE OILS BY MICRO-EMISSION SPECTROCHEMICAL
ANALYSIS
Johnson, J. D., and H. R. Gram. 1974.
Final Report, Phase 1, No. 0236 USCG-D-21-75, Contract DOT-CG-
33-185. 57 p.
A micro-emission spectrochemical technique has been developed
which is able to discriminate waste oil from unused oil products
recovered from the surface of navigable waters, by determination
of the metal content of the oil. Tests were conducted on oil
samples exposed to seawater and river water extractions in the
laboratory and also on oil samples naturally weathered on the
surface of brackish tidal water from an estuary.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974. 7(26)
Entry #AD-787 717/8GA.
C-507-74
AN ANALYSIS OF OIL OUTFLOWS DUE TO TANKER ACCIDENTS 1971-1972
Jones, E. L. 1973.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-81-74, Contract DOT-CG-31445-A. 169 p.
21
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An analysis of the estimated oil outflow resulting from 1587
reported tanker casualties occurring in 1971-1972 is presented.
Results of the analysis are compared to results of studies of
oil tanker casualties occurring in the 1969-1970 period.
Reporting
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
75(15). Entry #AD-780 315/8GA.
C-508-74
APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF BIFURCATES PLUME TO SOME OIL
POLLUTION PROBLEMS IN THE STRAIT OF GEORGIA
Khandekar, M. L., and T. S. Murty. 1973.
In: Proceedings of Canadian Society for Civil Engineering,
1st Canadian Hydraulics Conference, Alberta University, Edmonton,
May 10-11, 1973. Alberta University Water Resources Center
Publication No. 4:273-286.
Analyses were conducted to determine the effect of stratification
on the spread of oil leaking from a grounded ship in three areas
in the Strait of Georgia. Studies were made under a range of
tidal and wind generated current conditions, using various
densities of crude oils as well as analyzing different leakage
rates.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(23). Entry # W74-12100.
C-509-74
MINERAL OIL LOADING OF LAKE OF CONSTANCE SEDIMENTS
Koelle, W. 1974.
Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Berlin), KFK 1969 UF, 8-16.
Hydrocarbons of biological and mineral oil origin were distinguished
with a '^C technique. Biological hydrocarbons increase near the
shore, whereas mineral oil hydrocarbons are distributed uniformly.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(3). Entry #47441c.
22
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C-510-74
ALKANES AT THE AIR-SEA INTERFACE FROM OFFSHORE LOUISIANA AND
FLORIDA
Ledet, E. J., and J. L. Laseter. 1974.
Science 186(4160):261-263.
Alkanes at the air-sea interface were analyzed in samples collected
from three areas located off Louisiana and Florida. From the gas
chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses, it was suggested
that such alkanes are entering the marine environment from a wide
variety of biological sources as well as from natural seepage and
man's activities.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-511-74
WATER-SOLUBLE HYDROCARBONS FROM CRUDE OIL
Lee, C. C., et a!. 1974.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 12(2):212-217.
A study was initiated which examined the properties and amounts
of water-soluble materials that are derived from crude oils and
which continue to have an impact on the environment after petroleum
spills are cleaned up. It was found that hydrocarbon compositions
in different oils are distinct and serve as an aid in identifying
the original oil.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12).
Entry #19-74-10461.
C-512-74
HYDROCARBONS IDENTIFIED IN EXTRACTS FROM ESTUARINE WATER
ACCOMMODATED NO. 2 FUEL OIL BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY
Lewis, B. W., A. L. Walker, and R. H. Bieri. 1974.
NASA-TM-X-72009, NTIS Report CSCL 07D. 12 p.
The analytical method and results of a gas chromatograph-mass
spectrometer analysis of methylene chloride and n-heptane extracts
of a No. 2 fuel oil accommodated estuarine water sample are
described.
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1974. 12(22). Entry #N74-32580.
23
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C-513-74
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY AND APPARATUS FOR THE BIOASSAY OF OIL
Lichatowich, J. A., P. W. O'Keefe, J. A. Strand, and W. L.
Tempieton. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 659-666,
A summary is given of the techniques that may be applied in the
bioassay of oil and other non-miscible substances. Several
procedures, including the inability to maintain oil and water
in a homogenous mixture within a test system, are discussed.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13025G.
C-514-74
MARINE POLLUTION BY HYDROCARBONS (HC) IN THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC
SEA
Majori, L., F. Petronio, G. Nedoclan.and A. Bombieri. 1973.
Revue Internationale d'Oceanographie Medicale CERBOM 31-32,
p. 137-169.
A method developed by the authors for measuring marine surface
pollution by persistent hydrocarbons is described. Results
obtained using the method in the Gulf of Trieste indicate that
surface pollution by hydrocarbons depends more on space than time.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(10). Entry #4Q10745M.
C-515-74
HYDROCARBON COMPONENTS OF FLOATING OIL POLLUTANTS OF SEAWATER
Matsui, M., K. Watanabe, T. Yoshida, and T. Kawabata. 1974.
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 40(1);
111-116.
Research was initiated to analyze components of hydrocarbon pollu-
tion in relation to the source and formation of tar balls floating
on the seawater surface, which often cause serious damage to
coastal Japanese fisheries. Experiments examining heavy oil,
wasted lubricant, Iranian, Arabian, and Minas crude oil are
described.
Citation Source: Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(10). Entry #4Q10734M.
24
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C-516-74
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TAR SAMPLES FROM THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Mommessin, P. R., and J. C. Raia. 1974.
Final Report, No. S-14133 USCG-D-20-75, CGR/DC-25/74. Contract
DOT-CG-23379-A. 210 p.
Tar samples recovered mainly from the Northwestern part of the
Atlantic Ocean and along the eastern coast of the United States
were analyzed and 32 physical and chemical characteristics were
carefully measured in each sample. Two distinct types of tars
were indicated: one derived from urban and industrial wastes,
and the other containing petroleum based materials which had
been modified by marine weathering processes.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
7(26). Entry #AD-787 788/9GA.
C-517-74
PERSISTENT HYDROCARBON CONTENT OF THE SEA ALONG CERTAIN TANKER
ROUTES - A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Monaghan, P. H., J. H. Seelinger, and R. A. Brown. 1973.
Tanker Conference, 18th Annual, Reprint Papers, Hilton Head
Island, SC, May 7-9, 1973. p. 232-259.
Samplings and analyses are being made measuring hydrocarbons
(of the heavier type found in what are called "persistent oils")
from surface waters and waters at depths of 10 meters in the seas,
Samples have been taken between Gulf of Mexico ports and New
York, Caribbean ports and New York, and in the Mediterranean.
Sampling
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry # 074490.
C-518-74
EXTRACTION SEPARATION OF PETROLEUMS INTO OILS, TARS AND ASPHALTS
[English Translation]
Pozdnyshev, G. N., R. I. Mansurov, and R. M. Ruchkina. 1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 10:54-56.
The Marcusson method plus extraction separation gave the overall
hydrocarbon composition without loss of light fractions of
petroleum.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(2). Entry #46059x.
25
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C-519-74
A QUANTITATIVE SURVEY OF OILS AND TARS STRANDED ON 6ALVESTON
ISLAND BEACHES
Ray, S. M., R. K. Oja, L. M. Jeffrey, and B. J. Presley. 1974.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-10-75, CGR/DC-7/74. Contract
DOT-CG-23681. 87 p.
Tar or tar-like residues appearing on Galveston Island beaches
were assessed for one year. Oil tar samples were periodically
analyzed for hydrocarbon detection and measurement, nickel,
vanadium, chromium, and cobalt, carbon 12/13 ratios, and minerals
Results indicated the tar appeared to be the result of man's
activities.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
44(26). Entry #AD-787 718/6GA.
C-520-74
OIL SPILL CAUSED BY THE COUPLED EFFECTS OF WIND AND WAVES
Reisbig, R. L. 1973.
NTIS Report AD-777 702/2WP. 69 p.
An experiment was designed to evaluate the significance of
coupled wind and wave effects on oil spill drift. Drift velocity
results are reported for wind current and waves traveling in
the same direction, in opposite direction and at fixed angles
to each other.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12).
Entry #12-74-10231.
C-521-74
REMOTE SAMPLER FOR DETERMINING RESIDUAL OIL CONTENT OF SURFACE
WATER
Schatzberg, P., and D. F. Jackson. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 139-144.
The paper describes a simple, flow-through device with pump and
skimmer for use in measuring the residual oil concentration of
coastal and estuarine surface waters. The device contains a
sorbent material which quantitatively removes oil from a moving
water stream and permits extraction of the oil in a laboratory.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q12996G.
26
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C-522-74
MEASUREMENT OF EVAPORATION RATES FROM OIL SLICKS ON THE OPEN SEA
Sivadier, H. 0., and P. G. Mikolaj. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 475-484.
The authors discuss a gas chromatographic procedure to determine
the time dependent weight loss of an oil slick by following its
compositional changes. Results from experiments using natural
seep oil are described.
Chemical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source:
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.
4(12). Entry #4Q13057M.
1974.
C-523-74
DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN OIL WATER MIXTURES
Stokes, V. K., and A. C. Harvey. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 457-465.
Oil/water mixtures made by three different methods were used to
aid in identifying parameters affecting drop size distribution.
A standard procedure for making oil/water mixtures was adopted.
Information on size distribution is important to the design of
some separators.
Citation Source:
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.
4(12). Entry #4Q13055G.
1974.
C-524-74
SOLUBILITY OF HIGHER-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT N-PARAFFINS IN DISTILLED
WATER AND SEAWATER
Sutton, C., and J. A. Calder. 1974.
Environmental Science & Technology 7:654.
In solubility determinations of n-paraffins in distilled water
and seawater, it was found that in all cases the compounds are
less soluble in seawater. The salting-out effect observed in
n-paraffins indicates the importance of estuaries in determining
the transport and fate of n-paraffins and other organic molecules,
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts, 1974. 4(12).
Entry #12-74-10212.
27
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C-525-74
DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF DISPERSED OIL IN WASTE WATER
BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION - INFRARED ANALYSIS
Suzuki, R., N. Yamaguchi, and R. Matsumoto. 1974.
Japan Analyst 23(11):1296-1300.
A method to determine trace amounts of dispersed oils in waste
water has been developed. The oils in water are extracted with
carbon tetrachloride and the concentration of mineral oil, fatty
oil or fatty acid can be calculated by measuring the infrared
absorption of the extract at 1900 to 1400 cm'1.
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-526-74
CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING AND POLLUTANT HYDROCARBONS
IN MARINE SEDIMENTS
Tissier, M., and J. L, Oudin. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 205-214.
Chromatography, mass spectrometry and UV fluorescence analyses
have been conducted on sediment samples from Normandie and Seine
bays (English Channel) to discriminate between indigenous hydro-
carbons and crude oil-derived hydrocarbons present in the samples.
Characteristics of hydrocarbons from unpolluted and polluted
sediment samples are presented.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13053M.
C-527-74
DETERMINATION OF HYDROCARBON SOLUBILITY IN SEAWATER AND THE
ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS IN WATER-EXTRACTS
Wasik, S. P., and R. L. Brown. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 223-227.
Hydrocarbon solubility in seawater was determined by gas chromato-
graphy, using the ratio of the solute peaks and the volume of the
apparatus. Examination of a series of chromatograms obtained from
a series of flushes can identify hydrocarbon groups and concentra-
tions.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13002M.
28
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C-528-74
HYDROCARBONS IN THE MARINE ECOSYSTEM
Whittle, K., P. R. Mackie, and R. Hardy. 1974.
South African Journal of Science 70(5):141-144.
The report describes analyses which were conducted on the aquatic
ecosystem of the River Clyde to determine the presence of hydro-
carbons.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(5). Entry #26730f.
C-529-74
LIMITATIONS TO LENGTH OF CONTAINED OIL SLICKS
Wilkinson, D. L. 1973.
American Society of Civil Engineering. Hydraulics Division
[HY 3 No. 10379]:492-494.
The study has shown that there is a limit to the volume of oil
which may be contained in any current of finite depth. An expression
describing the form of long oil slicks is derived and solved
numerically.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-530-74
THE TOXICITY TESTING OF OILS AND DISPERSANTS: A EUROPEAN VIEW
Wilson, K. W., E. B. Cowell, and L. R. Beynon. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 255-261.
A review is given of the European approaches to the purpose and
problems of testing the toxicity of hydrocarbons and dispersants
in both laboratory and field experiments.
General effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q130056.
29
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C-531-74
A HIGHLY SENSITIVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC
ANALYSIS OF PHENOLS AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
Wolkoff, A. W., and R. H. Larose. 1974.
Journal of Chromatography 99(1974):731-743.
A highly sensitive technique for the analysis of phenols and other
environmental pollutants by high-speed liquid Chromatography using
a cerium (IV) sulfate-fluorescence detection system is described.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-532-74
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN NARRAGANSETT BAY: II. CHEMICAL AND
ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS
Zafiriou, 0. C. 1973.
Estuarine & Coastal Marine Science l(l):81-87.
Analyses have shown that surface sediments of upper Narragansett
Bay contain a complex mixture of hydrocarbons at over 10 times
the levels of the lower Bay, and that petroleum is indicated as
the major source of the hydrocarbons. Characteristics of the oils
detected are presented.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1974. 58(11). Entry #60025.
30
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B. OIL POLLUTION CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
C-533-74
OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING PROGRAM
Abrahams, R. N., and E. R. Miller, Jr. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 361-374.
Development and testing of a high seas oil containment system
by the U.S. Coast Guard are reviewed. Results of the testing
include data on oil loss mechanisms and oil loss rates under
both calm and high sea conditions.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13144M.
C-534-74
NEW CRITERION FOR PREDICTING HEADWAVE INSTABILITY OF AN OIL SLICK
RETAINED BY A BARRIER
Agrawal, R. K., and L. A. Hale. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (l):461-466. Paper 1983.
A simple technique is presented for predicting the water current
velocity which will initiate one failure mode in oil containment
barriers (i.e. entrainment failure).
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #071912.
C-535-74
FIRST PNEUMATIC BUBBLE BARRIER AGAINST THE SPREAD OF OIL ON WATER,
INSTALLED IN THE NETHERLANDS
Anon. 1974.
Holland Shipbuilding 23(1):29.
A pneumatic bubble oil barrier has been installed by Atlas Copco
Nederland BV, at the entrance of the Neckar harbor basin in
Rotterdam. The 145 m long barrier can contain 30 tons of oil
within the docks, and can be activated within 35 seconds after
an oil spill alarm has sounded.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control. 1974.
6(4). Entry #1497.
31
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C-536-74
"FLOATING-SUBMERGING" FENCE CONTAINS OIL SPILLS IN MINUTES
Anon. 1974.
Rubber World 170(4):70-71.
Fast and effective oil containment is achieved through the use of
a floating-submerging oil fence developed by Bridgestone Tire Co.,
Ltd., Japan. The fence can be stored on the ocean bottom when
not in use and then be floated into position in 18 to 30 minutes
when needed. The apparatus is composed of a flexible rubber skirt
supported by two air-filled hoses and extending above and below
the water surface.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-537-74
NEW OIL-SPILL BOOM ANNOUNCED
Anon. 1974.
Oil & Gas Journal 72(52):169.
The article describes the properties of a new oil-spill barrier
which is capable of withstanding severe impact and constant
abrasion.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-538-74
NEW SIMULATED OIL-SPILL TEST TANK
Anon. 1975.
Oil & Gas Journal 73(8):90.
An environmental test tank has been developed by Houston Research,
Inc., Houston, Texas, in which oil containment devices or systems
may be tested. The tank is equipped with a wavemaker and a towing
device to propel test devices at various speeds, so as to permit
tests under completely reproducible environmental conditions.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-539-74
POLLUTION CONTROLS
Anon. 1974.
Offshore 34(13):144.
32
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The operation of advanced design oil pollution control barriers,
announced by Offshore Devices, Inc., is described. The apparatus
is extremely strong and is able to move with the waves, maintaining
an oil fence at all times on the high seas.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-540-74
SEABOOM HOLDS OIL SPILLS
Anon. 1974.
Mechanical Engineering 96(5):54-55.
The design and operation of an oil containment apparatus, the
SEABOOM, developed by Submarine Engineering Associates, Cohasset,
Massachusetts, are described. The boom has been providing protection
against shore pollution in Salem Harbor and a part of Narragansett
Bay, and the company is presently looking at the possibility of
installing SEABOOM units around offshore rigs and platforms to
contain oil spills.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-541-74
LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTING OF SURFACE-FILM FORMING CHEMICALS
FOR USE AS OIL COLLECTING AGENTS
Barger, W. R. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 241-246.
Forty-seven chemicals capable of slowing the spread of oil or
driving oil into a thicker layer were run through a series of
screening tests based on physical properties and surface-chemical
properties. The most useful chemicals can be employed with oil
recovery equipment, which is more efficient in removing thicker
oil layers.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13004G.
33
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C-542-74
STANDARDIZED HARDWARE FOR OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT BOOMS
Campbell, F. J. 1974.
Report No. CEL-TN-1343. 54 p.
The design, development and testing of standardized hardware
to deploy Navy oil spill containment booms are reported.
Equipment used consists of a boom connector, a towing assembly
and a boom bulk-head attachment.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
74(18). Entry #AD-781 645/7GA.
C-543-74
DESIGN PARAMETER STUDY OF AN OIL SPILL BOOM
Chung, J. S., G. R. Cunningham, and J. M. Evon. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 427-439.
Design data are presented on the proper relationships between the
size and shape of boom modules and waves. Pertinent character-
istics include boom strength, net depth for a net-system boom
and modular interaction.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13147G.
C-544-74
DEVELOPMENT OF HERMAPHRODITE BREAKWATER UNITS UTILIZING
HYDROFOILS IN SPECIFIC ARRANGEMENTS
Frey, K. P. H. 1974.
Rhode Island University Marine Technical Report Series, No. 24.
Presented at Floating Breakwaters Conference, Newport, Rhode
Island, April 23-25, 1974. p. 113-129.
The report investigated the advantages of using basic airfoil or
hydrofoil research in the field of floating breakwaters. A
hermaphrodite system, having a composite breakwater with a dis-
continuous surface and a unit of continuous surface, is recommended
as an effective device for reducing the spread of pollution spills.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(1).
Entry # W75-00411.
34
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C-545-74
CONTROL AND CONFINEMENT OF OIL POLLUTION ON WATER WITH
MONOMOLECULAR SURFACE FILMS
Garrett, W. D., and W. R. Barger. 1972.
Memorandum Report 2451, June 1972. USCG 724110.1/4-1.
Several materials were examined for their ability to reduce the
area covered by oil spilled on water. Such "collecting agents"
maintain oil in a layer up to a maximum of one-half inch by
preventing its spread over the water surface. The agents are
useful in increasing the efficiency of oil recovery devices.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(22). Entry # W74-11781.
C-546-74
AN EFFECTIVE OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT-RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR HIGH SEAS
USE
Glaeser, J. L. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 589-596.
Two unique aspects of this system are a barrier with 'bottom
tension1 to increase effectiveness and survival strength and a
skimmer system using a droplet formation process to recover high
viscosity emulsions. Results of the testing program and a typical
operational boom and skimmer package are discussed.
Design and engineering
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13150M.
C-547-74
COAST GUARD OIL POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS
Jordan, L., and L. K. Bragaw. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (l):549-558. Paper 1994.
The paper describes the U.S. Coast Guard's pollution control
program, including its physical resources (Air Deliverable Anti-
pollution Transfer System, High Seas Barrier, High Seas Recovery
and Airborne Remote Sensing) and its human resources,composed of
three Regional Strike teams responding to oil pollution incidents.
35
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Cleanup and recovery
Remote sensing
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11)
Entry #074494.
C-548-74
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OIL POLLUTION CONTROL BARRIERS
Milgram, J. H. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 345-381.
An oil pollution control barrier must be strong enough to endure
heavy seas and to endure launching and recovery activities.
The barrier must damp out relative oil height responses and have
a low roll angle to prevent leakage over or under the barrier.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13145G.
C-549-74
MECHANICAL CONTROL OF OIL SPILLS UTILIZING A STREAMLINED BOOM
Wooten, D. C. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 383-389.
Described is a streamlined oil retention boom consisting of a
hydrofoil followed by a rigid sump to collect oil during a 2 kt
or greater current or while being towed.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13146G.
36
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
C-55Q-74
CLEAN SWEEP OIL RECOVERY EQUIPMENT
Anon.
Product Information.
A general description of the operational oil recovery rates, and
the application of each of the oil recovery systems developed
by Lockheed Missiles & Space Company is provided.
Information Source: C. Lindell, Lockheed Missiles & Space Co.,
Sunnyvale, California 94088.
C-551-74
INCINERATOR SHIP VULCANUS COMPLETES BURN
Anon. 1974.
Ocean Industry 9(12):49.
The German incinerator ship Vulcanus, under contract for Shell
Chemical Co., was successful in burning 4,000 metric tons of
hydrocarbon wastes between October 16 and October 28, 1974, in
the Gulf of Mexico. No detectable change in seawater alkalinity
and no visible evidence of environmental stress in the area were
reported.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-552-74
JOINT CANADA-UNITED STATES MARINE POLLUTION CONTINGENCY PLAN
FOR SPILLS OF OIL AND OTHER NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES
Anon. 1974.
U.S. Coast Guard. 56 p.
The Joint Contingency Plan pertains to specific locations where
oil pollution is a threat to both countries. The purpose of the
plan is to provide a coordinated response to control and cleanup
of spill incidents in designated areas by federal, state and
regional plans of both parties.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
74(20). Entry #AD-782 895/76A.
37
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C-553-74
OIL ABSORBENT
Anon. 1974.
Offshore 34(13):138.
The article describes the use of Petro-Traps, a new petroleum
and oily liquid absorbent developed by Dart Union Co. The
absorbent absorbs oil while letting water pass through a ruqged
fiberglass membrane; the absorbed liquids can then be wrung
from the trap allowing for reapplication.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-554-74
OIL SKIMMER SERIES 7000
Anon.
Product Information.
The Series 7000 Oil Skimmer is an easily installed, economical
means for removing or recovering floating oils in process waters
or oil spills. Floating oils adhere to an endless belt and
recovered oil can be discharged to a suitable container.
Information Source: F. W. Vitek, Met-Pro Systems, Inc., 5th St.
and Mitchell Ave., Lansdale, Pennsylvania
19446.
C-555-74
OIL SORBENT MATERIALS
Anon.
Product Information.
Pertinent information including the properties, specifications,
and operational instructions of each of the Conwed oil absorption
materials are given. The products have a high rate of sorption, are
able to pick up 15-22 times their weight in oil, and the materials
are reusable.
Information Source: T. C. Edgren, Conwed Corp., 332 Minnesota St.,
St. Paul, Minnesota 55101.
C-556-74
OIL SPILL SPOILER
Anon. 1974.
Environmental Science & Technology 8(8):718.
38
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An oil reclaiming system is described, composed of a diesel-
powered jet-driven vessel with a continuous conveyor made of
an open-celled foamed material which is lowered into the water.
The belt traps oil of all types while allowing water to flow
through freely.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-557-74
RPC LIQUID/LIQUID SEPARATOR
Anon.
Product Information.
The literature describes the RPC Separator which is a coalescer
capable of separating fine emulsions of immiscible liquids to
as low as 1 ppm of the discontinuous phase.
Information Source: D. R. Whiteman, RPC Division, Midland-Ross
Corporation, P.O. Box 490, Roxboro, North
Carolina 27573.
C-558-74
SKIMMER PUMPING RATE ADJUSTABLE TO 300 GPH
Anon. 1974.
Oil & Gas Journal 72(48):120.
The Skimmer Float 200 is a unit which removes oil and other organic
liquids from the water's surface. Design features of the skimmer
enable it to minimize water intake and result in an oil removal
efficiency of >95%.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-559-74
SKIMMER FLOATS OIL OUT OF WATER
Anon. 1974.
Machine Design 46(17):47.
An oil skimmer, developed by Waukee Engineering Co., Milwaukee,
Minnesota, operates by collecting and passing an oil-water
mixture into a vertical tube. Oil, having a lower specific
gravity than water, collects at the top of the tube while the
water enters a tank compartment through an outlet in the lower
tube.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
39
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C-560-74
SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS OF AIME: SECOND MIDWEST OIL AND
GAS SYMPOSIUM
Anon. 1973.
In: Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME. Preprints SPE 4870
and 4874.
Included in the symposium on aspects of pollution control and
prevention in the petroleum industry are papers discussing
contaminant removal and environmental controls in the Michigan
oil industry.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts, 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00936.
C-561-74
NEW DEVICE FOR REMOVING OIL SLICKS FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER
Asper, J. J., and P. Bolli. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 315-332.
The new device developed by Battelle, comprises a rotating, multi-
thread screw in a casing which traps inflowing oil and water
between the threads. The oil thickens as the pitch of the thread
progressively diminishes and is removed from an end chamber by a
pump. Water is removed through an opening below the screw casing.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13009G.
C-562-74
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN OFFSHORE PETROLEUM OPERATIONS
Barton, H. B. 1974.
Presented at 9th World Energy Conference, Detroit, September 22-27,
1974. p. 3.2-6. 22 p.
The oil industry, in its plans to substantially increase offshore
petroleum activities by 1985, has also developed programs dealing
with the development of (1) safety production equipment,
(2) equipment for the containment and recovery of accidental oil
spills, (3) the organization of groups to coordinate oil spill
40
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containment and cleanup, and (4) the funding of studies examining
environmental factors affecting coastal ecosystems.
Research
Containment
Biological effects
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(11).
Entry #12-74-09649,
C-563-74
CHEMICAL ADDITIVES TO CONTROL OIL SPILLS - A STATE-OF-THE-ART
SUMMARY
Bauer, W. H., and J. J. Bulloff. 1974.
Interim Technical Report, August-December, 1973, No. USCG-D-69-74,
Contract DOT-CG-33755. 158 p.
"The report summarizes the state of the art of using chemical
additives to improve the control of oil spills at increased current
velocities of up to 10 knots. An extensive bibliography con-
taining up to date work on oil slick behavior, spill containment
and removal and modification of oil properties by additives are(sic)
included."
Containment
Bibliography
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974. 74(15).
Entry #AD-779 557/86A.
C-564-74
CLEAN GULF ASSOCIATES - THE ORGANIZATION AND CAPABILITIES OF AN
OIL SPILL CLEANUP ASSOCIATION FOR THE GULF OF MEXICO
Berry, W. L. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (1):611-623. Paper 1999.
The organizational structure and equipment used by the Clean
Gulf Associates, a group established by the petroleum operators
in the Gulf of Mexico to provide for fast and effective cleanup
of marine oil spills, are reviewed.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #074499.
41
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C-565-74
CLEANUP OF INLAND OIL SPILLS
Betts, W. E. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 549-558.
New devices, designed to meet the needs of inland oil spills have
been developed and descriptions of the cleanup equipment are
presented. Examples of successful cleanup of various inland oil
spills are given.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13017F.
C-566-74
USE OF MASSACHUSETTS DIP OIL SKIMMER ON FREE SLICKS IN THE CASCO
BAY (PORTLAND) SPILL
Bianchi, R. A., E. E. Johanson, and J. H. Farrell. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 643-655.
The report discusses the use of the Massachusetts' newly developed
Dynamic Inclined Plane (DIP) Skimmer in the cleanup operations of
a 100,000 gallon oil spill in Casco Bay from a ruptured tank on
the tanker Tamano. Evidence for the need for and effectiveness of
a mobile skimmer in large oil spill situations is presented.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13024M.
C-567-74
SEA TRIALS OF A HIGH-SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Blockwick, T. N. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (l):577-583. Paper 1996.
The design and operation of a 2000 gallon/minute oil recovery
system developed by Ocean Systems, Inc. are described. Results of
at-sea tests of the oil recovery system are given.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #074496.
42
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C-568-74
AIR FLOTATION ANSWERS AIRPORT'S NEEDS
Brune, D. N. 1974.
Water Wastes Engineering 11(8):22-24,26.
The article describes how Dallas-Fort Worth regional airport
deals with the problem of the flow of large amounts of petroleum
products in its collection system.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #074488.
C-569-74
DEVELOPMENT OF THE 'NEXT GENERATION' CHEMICAL DISPERSANTS
Canevari, G. P. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 231-240.
The current status of chemical oil spill dispersant development
is reviewed, and the beneficial aspects and limitations of the
dispersants are illustrated. A discussion of 'next generation1
oil spill dispersants is given, listing major improvements over
conventional systems.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13003G.
C-570-74
QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL OIL SPILL CLEANUP DEVICES
Der, J. J., and D. J. Graham. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 627-633.
A quantitative method has been devised for the preliminary
screening and, with the availability of more accurate performance
data, final evaluation of oil removal devices. Oil recovery
systems highly rated by the systematic method are presented.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13022G.
43
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C-571-74
SORBENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FOR OIL SPILL CLEANUP
Dorrler, J. S. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 309-314.
Five research projects, contracted by the Environmental Protection
Agency, were conducted to develop efficient unit operations for
the removal of oil with the aid of sorbent materials. Results of
the research efforts indicated the mechanical sorbent systems are
effective in recovering spilled oil with a 90% recovery efficiency.
Each of the five-unit operations developed is evaluated.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13008G.
C-572-74
ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF OIL/WATER SEPARATION BY COALESCENCE
Finger, S. M., and T. S. Yu. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 403-408.
The usefulness of the oil/water separation process of coalescence
was studied using a three-stage prototype separation system of
which coalescence was the final stage. The data indicated that
increasing oil and suspendible solids concentration decreased
coalescer element lifetime, although above a certain level
increasing oil concentration had no effect. It was concluded that
coalescence is useful as a final step in an oil/water separation
system.
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q1314G.
C-573-74
ENGINEERING STUDY OF AN OIL GELLATION TECHNIQUE TO CONTROL SPILLS
FROM DISTRESSED TANKERS
Goldstein, A. M., R. M. Koros, and B. L. Tarmy. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 247-253.
Data on the effect of mixing energy, mixing time, gellation time,
and temperature on gel strength were generated in the study.
44
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A test with crude oil is described. The gel would float as a
coherent mass if oil escaped from a damaged ship.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13143M.
C-574-74
CATION-ACTIVE DEMULSIFIERS FROM FATTY ACIDS [English Translation]
Gorodnov, V. P., and A. A. Petrov. 1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 5:20-22.
The preparation and description of two emulsifiers which are
most effective in demulsifying a one-ton crude oil-in-water
emulsion are presented.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry #137846x.
C-575-74
WATERBORNE DEBRIS IN MARINE POLLUTION INCIDENTS
Hancock, J. A., R. P. Jacobs, M. R. Knapp, and J. S. Glasgow. 1974.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-108-74, Contract DOT-CG-23223-A. 465 p.
The problems arising from the presence of floating debris hindering
the cleanup of spilled fluids, such as oil spills, are discussed.
The types of waterborne debris found in coastal, harbor and
estuarine areas are described and the effects of debris on pollution
response equipment are given.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974. 7(25).
Entry # AD-786 568/6GA.
C-576-74
CASE STUDIES OF THE USN SUPERVISOR OF SALVAGE, SALVAGE RELATED
OIL POLLUTION INCIDENTS
Irons, D. E. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 597-600.
Discussed are 6 cases describing the involvement of navy salvage
forces in oil pollution control, prevention and cleanup of spills
produced by ship collisions, groundings and overboard discharge.
Methods and equipment used to combat the oil spills are given.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q1319G.
45
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C-577-74
TWO TYPES OF OIL SPILLS IN SWEDISH INLAND WATERS - TESTS OF NEW
MATERIALS, IDEAS AND METHODS
Jerbo, A. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 559-567.
The paper describes Sweden's success in combating oil spills into
its ponds and rivers through the development of a new oil adsorp-
tion material, adsorbent blower, booms, incinerators and techniques.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13017F.
C-578-74
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, TEST, AND EVALUATION OF AN OPEN OCEAN OIL
RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR USE IN WAVES
Johanson, E. £., R. A. Bianchi, and J. H. Farrell. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (l):559-576. Paper 1995.
A program was established by JFB Scientific to design, build and
test an open sea oil recovery system for high wave conditions.
Past massive spills were studied to establish operational require-
ments for the unit. The first system was built for the U.S. Navy
Supervisor of Salvage and tested in April, 1974.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #074495.
C-579-74
LAKE CHAMPLAIN: A CASE HISTORY ON THE CLEANUP OF #6 FUEL OIL
THROUGH 5 FEET OF SOLID ICE AT NEAR-ZERO TEMPERATURES
Lamp'l, H. J. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 579-582.
Adverse weather conditions at the time of this major spill required
improvisation by the personnel involved. New ideas and techniques
were needed to remove the oil and contain the oil to prevent further
pollution.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13148F.
46
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C-580-74
OIL RECOVERY ON THE HIGH SEAS
Leigh, J. T. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 351-360.
Two prototype oil recovery systems are currently being developed
to meet the following design goals: air transportability, recovery
of a complete range of oil types at 2000 gpm, and use with
existing Coast Guard oil recovery equipment and facilities. The
construction,design and efficiency of each system are described.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13012M.
C-581-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL HIGH VELOCITY OIL SLICK SKIMMER
Lindenmuth, W. T. 1974.
Final Report, No. TR-7411-1, USCG-D-19-75, Contract DOT-CG-
41058-A. 46 p.
A new device called a Surface Velocity Retarder Oil Skinnier has
been shown to be able to recover thin oil slicks in currents of
up to 10 fps. The design and operation of the device, and
results of tests measuring its performance are described.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974. 7(25)
Entry # AD-786 880/5GA.
C-582-74
TREATMENT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS WITH FLOATING MASS TRANSFER
MEDIA
Mercer, B. W., et al. 1973.
EPA Environmental Protection Technology Series Report EPA-670/2-
73-078, USGPO. 102 p.
In the report, which discusses an approach for in situ treatment
of hazardous polluting spills for a static body of water, highly
effective removal agents were cited. A commercial lightweight
activated carbon was found to be very effective for recovering
organic materials such as phenol, aromatic hydrocarbons, and
organophosphorous insecticides from water.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(1).
Entry #19-75-00921.
47
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C-583-74
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT OF A FREE VORTEX OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Nebeker, E. B., and S. E. Rodriguez. 1973.
NTIS Report AD-777 024/1WP.
The operating effectiveness of a free vortex oil skimming system
in the open seas was tested and the results are described. The
system was tested in its ability to recover oil of various film
thicknesses in stationary and severe seas.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12).
Entry #12-74-10229.
C-584-74
FREE VORTEX RECOVERY OF FLOATING OIL
Nebeker, E. B., S. E. Rodriguez, and P. G. Mikolaj. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 333-338.
A description of the operation and performance of a technique
using a free vortex to recover oil from ocean, stream and harbor
waters is given.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q1310G.
C-585-74
THE ELECTRICAL PROCESS IN THE BREAKING OF DILUTE OIL-IN-WATER
EMULSIONS
Orr, C., Jr., and E. Y. H. Keng, 1974.
Georgia Environmental Resources Center, Atlanta, Report No.
ERC-0674. NTIS Report #PB-235 908. 15 p.
The study evaluates the usefulness of electrical measurements,
particularly the "zeta potential" in determining what chemicals
and application rates are effective in treatment processes to
break oil-in-water emulsions.
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(23). Entry # W74-12343.
48
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C-586-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A POLYURETHANE FOAM MARINE OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Oxenham,J. P., R. A. Cochran, D. P. Hemphill, P. R. Scott, and
J. P. Fraser. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 277-289.
Recycled polyurethane foam, foamed on the site of an oil spill,
is used to recover oil. With the use of collection booms, a
chainlink belt for gathering oil-soaked foam and a roller-wringer,
the oil is recovered and separated from the foam.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13011M.
C-587-74
FREE VORTEX APPROACH TO RECOVERY OF FLOATING OIL
Rodriguez, S. E., E. B. Nebeker, J. F. Leary. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (1):601-609. Paper 1998.
The development and testing of the free-vortex approach to
floating oil recovery are discussed. The system operates through
surface inflow that gathers oil and a central vortex that
concentrates the oil for removal. Tests indicated the technique
to be capable of operation under high seas conditions.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #074498.
C-588-74
DETERMINATION OF THE DEMULSIFYING CAPACITY OF A WATER-AND-OIL
PETROLEUM EMULSION [English Summary]
Rucevic, B., R. Ljubic, and B. Atijas. 1974.
Nafta (Zagreb) 25(2):63-68.
"A cylinder test is described for determination of the demulsifying
capacity of the surfactants independently of their ionic composition
and solubility in various stages of emulsion."
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry #172579j
49
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C-589-74
TESTING THE LOCKHEED DISC-DRUM ROUGH WATER OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Scharfenstein, C. F., and J. F. Leary. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (1):585-600. Paper 1997.
Inland pool and high seas tests proved the Lockheed Prototype
High Seas Oil Recovery System to be capable of recovering oil up
to the rate of 1000 gpm under certain current, oil thickness,
and viscosity conditions. The system proved that it will be
capable of surviving a severe sea state condition after minor
redesign.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 12(11).
Entry #074497.
C-590-74
SUCCESSES AND FAILURES WITH OIL SPILLS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN
INLAND WATERS
Smith, A. J. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. P. 583-588.
A brief review of several recent spill cases includes descriptions
of differences in containment, retention and removal methodology.
Results vary from 90% recovery with small cost to high cleanup
costs and difficult recovery operations.
Containment
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13149F.
C-591-74
JET OIL RECOVERY DEVICE
Stewart, J. K. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. P. 601-615.
The operating characteristics of a Jet Oil Recovery Device are
described. The concept behind the device involves utilization
of the surface tension characteristics of oil along with the
device's hydraulic jet action to lift floating oil over a non-
adjustable weir.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13020G.
50
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C-592-74
TESTING OF NEW DEVICE FOR REMOVING OIL SLICKS FROM THE SURFACE OF
OPEN WATER
Tezuka, T., and K. Aramaki. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (l):625-636. Paper 2000.
A description of an oil recovery device designed for large-scale
oil spillage recovery as well as small spillage retrieval under
various wave, wind and current conditions is given. The recovery
system is fast and efficient, equipped with an expandable skimming
width, which can recover a large amount of oil in a short period
of time.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #074500.
C-593-74
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND THE U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE: THE CASE OF
WASTE OIL
Walter, I., and S. P. Maltezou. 1974.
Environmental Affairs 3(3):433-436.
The report views waste oil recovery in depth, as it relates to the
problems of improper waste oil disposal, of energy shortages, and of
creating incentives for its reuse. The potential import-saving
by converting waste oil to heating oil is estimated.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12).
Entry #03-74-10055.
C-594-74
WASTE OIL RECYCLING AND DISPOSAL
Weinstein, N. J. 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, Technology
Series. GPO Sup. Doc. EP1.23:670/2-74-052. 327 p.
Information on the sources and quantities of waste oils, current
and potential recycling and disposal methods, and the environmental
effects of these methods is presented.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(23).
Entry # W74-12215.
51
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EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. Biological Effects
C-595-74
OIL IN SEA: WOEFUL LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
Anon. 1974.
Chemical & Engineering News 53(2):30.
The article discusses the findings and shortcomings of the just
released report,"Petroleum in the Marine Environment," prepared
by the National Academy of Sciences. The report concludes that
the most damaging effects of oil are the oiling of beaches and
the endangering of seabird species and benthic communities along
polluted coastlines. The effect of oil contamination on human
health is reported not to be cause for alarm.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-596-74
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN EXTREMELY COLD MARINE
ENVIRONMENTS
Atlas, R. M. 1974.
Government Reports Announcements 74(2):141.
Interaction studies on microorganisms and Prudhoe crude oil in
Alaskan coastal waters were conducted in an effort to obtain
information on the possible effects of accidental oil spills on
the indigenous biological populations and the fate of spilled
oil.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1974. 11(6).
Entry # 74-05550.
C-597-74
THE EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL FRACTIONS ON THE SURVIVAL OF A TIDEPOOL
COPEPOD, TIGRIOPUS CALIFORNICUS
Barnett, C. J., and J. E. Kontogiannis. 1975.
Environmental Pollution 8(l):45-54.
From studies of the effects of diesel oil, kerosene, gasoline
and benzene on the survival of the copepod, J_. californicus, it
was found that the more slowly evaporating crude oil fractions
52
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are most hazardous to the organisms; the copepod's survival is
inversely proportional to the concentration of the crude oil
fraction in the environment.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-598-74
TOXICITY OF OIL SINKING AGENTS
Blackman, R. A. A. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(8):116-118.
Brown shrimp were used to test the toxicity of different com-
binations of oil sinking agents in solvents. Careful choice of
wetting agent and solvent reduces harmful effects.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(7). Entry #39191f.
C-599-74
EFFECTS OF AN OIL SPILL REMOVER ON BEACH MEIOFAUNA
Bleakley, R. J., and P. J. S. Boaden. 1974.
Annales de L'Institut Oceanographique 50(1):51-58.
In studies examining the effects of an oil spill remover and the
surfactant alone on the meiofauna of intertidal sand, it was
found that the organisms are able to survive the effects of
diluted detergent, but concentrations greater than 100 ppm
detergent are toxic. The meiofauna recover slowly because of
the persistence of the detergents found in high concentrations
in the sand on oil-contaminated beaches.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(1).
Entry # W75-00449.
C-600-74
RESPIRATORY RESPONSE OF JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON AND STRIPED BASS
EXPOSED TO BENZENE, A WATER-SOLUBLE COMPONENT OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS
Brocksen, R. W., and H. T. Barley. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 783-791.
Exposure to sublethal doses of benzene for periods of up to 48
hours increased the respiratory rate of juvenile chinook salmon
115%. Longer exposure caused a decrease in the respiration rate
due to a reversible narcotic state.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13100G.
53
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C-601-74
THE RESPONSE OF MACROINVERTEBRATES TO GASOLINE POLLUTION IN A
MOUNTAIN STREAM
Bugbee, S. L., and C. M. Walter. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 725-731.
The majority of aquatic invertebrates and -2500 fish were
killed in an area extending 2 miles downstream from a spill
of aviation gasoline. Certain species were unable to
recolonize for 6 months, reducing the species diversity;
however, recovery was complete after 3 years.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13098F.
C-602-74
BIRD USAGE OF MARSH PONDS SUBJECTED TO OIL SPILLS
Chabreck, R. H. 1973.
Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Science 36:101-110.
A comparison of bird inventories conducted over a 2-year period
in ponds affected by recent oil spills and in control ponds was
made. Although no dead birds were found, birds used the oil-
polluted ponds less frequently than the control ponds. Both
usage and vegetative growth increased after the first six months.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13043B.
C-603-74
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF THE SAN FRANCISCO OIL SPILL ON MARINE
ORGANISMS
Chan, G. L. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 741-781.
Much of the marine fauna in the area has died from being smothered
by oil. Marine snails have suffered less mortality than the more
sedentary animals such as sessile barnacles; although the striped
shore crab has disappeared in the spill-affected San Francisco
waters. After 2 years, recruitment is approaching normal, and
evidence of the oil spill is hardly visible.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13099M.
54
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C-604-74
A REINVESTIGATION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ROCKY INTERTIDAL
BEACHES THREE AND ONE-HALF YEARS AFTER THE 1969 SANTA BARBARA
OIL SPILL: A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Cimberg, R., S. Mann, and D. Straughan. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 697-702.
Post-spill data from ten southern California beaches in 1969,
1970, and 1972 were analyzed. The two important factors affecting
the presence of marine animals on these beaches were sand
movement and substrate stability. The effect of the 1969 Santa
Barbara oil spill on the presence of organisms was reported to be
less important than other environmental factors.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13095M.
C-605-74
ACUTE EFFECTS OF OUTBOARD MOTOR EFFLUENT ON TWO MARINE SHELLFISH
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1974.
Environmental Science & Technology 8(11):1009-1014.
When mussels (Mytilus edulis) and oysters (Ostrea lurida) were
exposed to diluted effluent from a two-cycle outboard motor in
a seawater system, physiological stress, gill tissue degeneration
and uptake of paraffin hydrocarbons from the effluent were
observed in the organisms. The mussels demonstrated a greater
negative response to the pollutant than did the oysters.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-606-74
INTERAGENCY INVESTIGATIONS OF A PERSISTENT OIL SPILL ON THE
WASHINGTON COAST
Clark, R. C., Jr., J. S. Finley, B. G. Patten, S. F. Stefano,
and E. E. DeNiki. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 793-808.
The effects of continuous leakage of oil from a grounded ship
include dead urchins and damaged plants. N-paraffin hydrocarbons
were taken up by the plants and animals and the residual patterns
of the exposed organisms resembled hydrocarbon patterns of the
pollutant.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13101M.
55
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C-607-74
EFFECT OF A BUNKER FUEL ON THE BEACH BACTERIAL FLORA
Cobet, A. B., and H. E. Guard. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 815-819.
After a Bunker fuel cleanup operation, sampling revealed that
neither the size of the bacterial population nor the distribution
of bacterial genera were affected by the remaining hydrocarbons.
Only 15% of the beach bacteria were affected.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13103M.
C-608-74
KEROSINE-LIKE TAINT IN THE SEA MULLET, MUGIL CEPHALUS. I.
COMPOSITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL OCCURRENCE OF THE TAINTING SUBSTANCE
Connell, D. W. 1974.
Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 25(l):7-24.
Sediments containing hydrocarbons that closely resemble kerosine
in composition, were found in the gut of tainted sea mullet
captured in the Brisbane River, and were believed to be the cause
of the kerosine-like tainting of the flesh.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(25).
Entry #164182j.
C-609-74
THE EFFECT OF A CRUDE OIL ON INTESTINAL ABSORPTION IN DUCKLINGS
Crocker, A. D., J. Cronshaw, and W. N. Holmes. 1974.
Environmental Pollution 7(3):165-177.
A study was conducted which examined the effects of oral doses
of crude oil on the mucosal water and Na+ transfer rates across
the intestine of ducklings transferred from fresh water to
saline drinking water. The presence of oil prevented the
development of high mucosal transfer rates, which are essential
for successful adaptation of the ducklings to hypertonic saline
water conditions.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
56
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C-610-74
OIL POLLUTION IN THE CROMARTY FIRTH
Currie, A. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(8):118-119.
The threat of repeated oil spills (which cause many bird deaths)
to the conservation of Cromarty Firth on the northeast coast
of Scotland is reported.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13038M.
C-611-74
EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL TOXINS IN OIL REFINERY EFFLUENTS ON AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
Dorris, T. C., S. L. Burks, and G. R. Waller. 1974.
Completion Report, Oklahoma State University, Water Resources
Research Institute, NTIS Report PB-235 919. 79 p.
Oil refinery waste waters were partially evaporated and the
toxicity of the original samples and overhead and bottom product
fractions from the evaporator were evaluated by static bioassays
with fathead minnows. It was concluded that partial evaporation
removes toxic substances from biologically treated refinery
waste waters, produces an overhead product water which has low
inorganic salt concentration and should be reusable for boiler
makeup, and produces a partially concentrated bottom water
generally less toxic.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(23). Entry # W74-12348.
C-612-74
EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: A REVIEW FOR ADMINISTRATORS
AND POLICY MAKERS
Evans, D. R., and S. D. Rice. 1974.
NOAA Fishery Bulletin 72(3):625-638.
A review of recent literature concerning the effects of oil on
marine ecosystems is given to provide an information source for
administrators and policy makers. Characteristics of crude oil
and the danger of chronic low-level pollution are included
topics.
Analysis
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12).
Entry #12-74-10216.
57
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C-613-74
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN NARRAGANSETT BAY: I. SURVEY OF
HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENTS AND CLAMS (MERCENARIA MERCENARIA)
Farrington, J. W., and J. G. Quinn. 1973.
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science l(l):71-79.
Results from analyses of hydrocarbons in surface sediments from
8 stations and in clams, M_. mercenaria, from three stations in
Narragansett Bay have shown that both contain a complex mixture
of hydrocarbons which is not present in clams from a relatively
unpolluted pond that was analyzed. The most probable source
of the hydrocarbons is petroleum pollution from sewage effluent
and small oil spills.
Analysis
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1974. 58(11).
Entry #60024.
C-614-74
EXPERIMENTAL ECOSYSTEMS TO MEASURE FATE OF OIL SPILLS DISPERSED
BY SURFACE ACTIVE PRODUCTS
Gatellier, C. R., J. L. Oudin, P. Fusey, J. C. Lacaze, and
M. L. Priou. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 497-504.
The effect of several oil dispersants on polluted ecosystems was
determined by measuring residual hydrocarbons and photosynthetic
and residual toxicity. Most dispersants increased photosynthetic
inhibition and stopped bacterial decomposition. Mixtures of true
dispersants and fertilizers were favorable to both plankton and
bacteria.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13059M.
C-615-74
EFFECTS OF SEAWATER EXTRACTS OF CRUDE OIL ON CARBON BUDGETS IN
TWO SPECIES OF MUSSELS
Gilfillan, E. S. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 691-695.
Salinity and crude oil combinations were used to stress animals
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utilized for carbon budgets. Both reduced salinity and crude
oil decreased the net carbon balances for each species.
Citation Source:
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.
4(12). Entry #4Q13094M.
1974.
C-616-74
EFFECTS OF OIL AND EMULSIFIERS ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF NORTHERN
PIKE (ESOX LUCIUS) IN BRACKISH WATER
Hakkila, K., and A. Niemi. 1973.
Aqua Fennica. p. 44-59.
In experiments studying the effects of Russian crude oil and
some emulsifiers on Northern Pike eggs and larvae in brackish
water, results indicated the emulsifier Neste A, Talestol
(surfactant), crude oil dispersed with Neste A, and contact with
floating oil increased the mortality of developing eggs. All
substances increased the occurrence of abnormal larvae.
Citation Source:
Selected Water Resources Abstracts.
8(1). Entry # W75-00432.
1975.
C-617-74
OIL AND THE SEA - THE ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF A CONTROVERSIAL
INVASION
Hay, K. G. 1974.
Marine Technology Society Journal 8(1):19-20.
The findings of a research investigation made by the American
Petroleum Institute studying the fate and effects of oil in
the marine environment are presented. The topics of information
include the fate and immediate and long-term impact of oil,
biological damage to an ecosystem, mechanisms of organism uptake,
and toxicity and solubility of refined oil and crude oil aromatics
and various oil dispersants.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(3). Entry #1093.
C-618-74
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEDIMENT OIL CONCENTRATIONS AND THE
MACROINVERTEBRATES PRESENT IN A SMALL STREAM, FOLLOWING AN OIL
SPILL
Hoehn, R. C., J. R. Stauffer, M. T. Mosnik, and C. H. Hocutt.
1974.
Environmental Letters 7(4):345-352.
59
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The study assessed the effects of an oil spill on macroinverte-
brate species in a small creek in Virginia. It was concluded
that water-soluble fractions of oil had a toxic effect on the
invertebrates, reducing their numbers at examined sites in the
creek.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-619-74
THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF MARINE BIRDS OVER THE CONTINENTAL
SHELF OF ARGENTINA
Jehl, J. R., Jr. 1974.
Translations of the San Diego Society of Natural History 17(16):
217-234.
Quantitative information on the distribution and abundance of
marine birds in winter, 1971-1972, on the coastal shelf of
Argentina is presented. Included in the report is a discussion
of the resource utilization by the birds and a suggestion that
oil pollution is a major cause of sea bird mortality.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(1).
Entry #1272.
C-620-74
EFFECTS OF PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL ON MOLTING TANNER CRABS,
CHIONOECETES BAIRDI
Karinen, J. F., and S. D. Rice. 1974.
Marine Fisheries Review 36(7):31-37.
Laboratory studies were conducted in which premolt and post-molt
juvenile male Tanner crabs from Alaskan waters were exposed to
Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Crabs were found to be affected by the
oil and molting success was found to decrease with increasing
oil exposure. Results suggest that oil spilled in Alaskan waters
would harm the Tanner crab resources.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
74(23). Entry #COM-74-50189-07-08/GA.
C-621-74
THE TOXICITY OF CRUDE OIL AND ITS COMPONENTS TO FRESHWATER ALGAE
Kauss, P., T. C. Hutchinson, C. Soto, J. Hellebust, and M.
Griffiths. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 703-714.
60
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Field tests studying the effects of crude oil on freshwater
algae indicate that the responses to oil are species-specific,
varying from suppression to stimulation of growth. The toxicity
of 7 different crude oils on Chlorella vulgaris was variable in
lab experiments. Results suggest that short-term toxicity of
oils is due to the rapid loss of volatile compounds and dif-
ferences in toxicity of selected aromatic compounds (benzene,
toluene, 0-xylene).
Citation Source: Senior Author.
C-622-74
DISPERSING OIL ON THE SEA
Kerr, D., W. W. Mansfield, K. C. Pirani, and D. Tranter. 1974.
Search 5(9):424-428.
The report describes the results of an investigation by the
Australian Commonwealth Department of Transport, to prepare and
assess materials and equipment capable of removing oil slicks
from coastal water without adversely affecting marine life.
Various dispersants are classified and discussed in respect to
their effectiveness, ease of storage and transport, and toxicity.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-623-74
THE EFFECTS OF THREE ANTI-PETROLEUM AGENTS ON THE PRIMARY
PRODUCTIVITY OF AN EXPERIMENTAL COMMUNITY OF BENTHIC DIATOMS
Lacaze, J. C. 1972/1973.
Vie et Milieu Serie B Ocenaographie 23(l):51-67.
The short-term and long-term effects of three anti-oil emulsifying
agents on the productivity of an experimental community of benthic
diatoms were studied. Two of the anti-oil agents, Sefoil and
Corexit, showed no toxicity under experimental conditions; however,
the third agent, Gamosol, was shown to be distinctly toxic to
the organisms.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(2).
Entry #7516.
C-624-74
EFFECTS OF OIL SPILL DISPERSANTS ON THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF
BALTIC HERRING
Linden, 0. 1974.
Annales Zoologici Fennici 11(2):141-148.
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The fertilized eggs and larvae of the Baltic herring Clupea
harengus membras L. were exposed to different concentrations
of two oil spill dispersants, BP 1100X and Finasol S.C. A
concentration as low as 1 ppm Finasol S.C. induced abnormal
cell division and malformed embryos; and with increasing
concentration, both dispersants caused an increased number of
malformed larvae and a decreased percentage of successful
hatching. Exposed larvae were more sensitive to the dispersants
than the herring eggs.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(9). Entry #4Q9606M.
C-625-74
THE EFFECTS OF DIESEL FUEL ON A STREAM
Lund, J. M. 1974.
Fauna (Oslo) 27(2):78-80.
The paper is a summary of R. B. Bury's report appearing in
"California Fish and Game," 1972. Norway is presently concerned
with the topic of stream oil pollution, since a tanker lost
2000 tons of diesel fuel in the sea north of Tromso in November,
1973, resulting in the deaths of 2000 seabirds.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(2).
Entry #11389.
C-626-74
THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON MARINE MICROBIAL PROCESSES: A
FIELD STUDY
Mitchell, R. 1974.
Technical Report, No. TR-6, Contract N00014-67-A-0298-0026.
44 p.
In a field study measuring the effects of chemical pollutants
on Red Sea corals, it is demonstrated in the results that low
concentrations of crude oil, copper and available organic
matter, which did not kill corals directly, upset the micro-
biological balance on the coral surface. Changes on the coral
surface eventually led to the death of the colonies.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
7(26). Entry #AD-787 602/2GA.
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C-627-74
EFFECT OF CHRONIC OIL POLLUTION ON A POLYCHAETE
Mohammed, M-B., M. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(2):21-24.
Results from studies measuring the growth and survival of the
tube-building polychaete Pomatoleios kraussii, on plates immersed
in oil-effected waters at an oil terminal and in oil-free waters
at Kuwait are described.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-628-74
EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF
PUBLISHED DATA
Moore, S. F., and R. L. Dwyer. 1974.
Water Research 8(10):819-828.
The focus of the paper is to summarize the effects of oil on
individual organisms. Oil effects on an organism are classified
as lethal toxicity, sublethal toxicity, coating, habitat altera-
tion, and incorporation. The ranges of soluble aromatic hydro-
carbon concentration in which marine organisms may exhibit lethally
toxic and sublethally toxic effects are given.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-629-74
UPTAKE AND DISCHARGE OF PETROLEUM BY BARNACLES
Morris, R. J. 1973.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 4(7):107-109.
Research efforts studying the hydrocarbon content of Lepas
fascicularis living on tar balls and the composition of the tar
balls have indicated that oil hydrocarbons are assimilated by
the barnacles and then discharged, unmetabolized, in a short
period of time.
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1974. 11(6).
Entry #74-05609.
63
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C-630-74
BACKGROUND PAPERS FOR A WORKSHOP ON INPUTS, FATES, AND EFFECT
OF PETROLEUM
National Academy of Sciences. 1973.
Contract N00014-67-A-0244-0028. 479 p.
The following are some of the topics discussed in the volume on
petroleum pollution: occurrence and amount of pelagic tar in
the open ocean, biological fates of hydrocarbons in aquatic
organisms, biological effects of chronic oil pollution on coastal
ecosystems, and uptake and depuration of specific hydrocarbons
from oil by two bivalves.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
74(22). Entry #AD-783 990/5GA.
C-631-74
BACKGROUND PAPERS FOR A WORKSHOP ON INPUTS, FATES, AND EFFECTS
OF PETROLEUM IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT. VOLUME I.
National Academy of Sciences. 1973.
Contract N00014-67-A-0244-0028. 391 p.
The following are some of the topics discussed in the volume
on petroleum pollution: sources of oil entering the sea,
petroleum inputs to the marine environment, analytical techniques
to determine oil contamination in marine organisms and hydro-
carbon biodegradation kinetics.
Biological degradation
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
74(22). Entry #AD-783 989/7GA.
C-632-74
OIL POLLUTION AND MARINE ECOLOGY
Nelson-Smith, A. 1973.
Plenum Press, New York. 260 p.
The volume examines spilt oil in the sea with reference to its
physical and chemical characteristics, behavior at sea, detection,
identification and analysis, and its effects on marine organisms
and resident birds and mammals. Recommended methods for removing
spilt oil are presented.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Chemical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(21). Entry # W74-11166.
64
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C-633-74
EFFECTS OF WATER SOLUBLE EXTRACTS OF OIL ON PHYTOPLANKTON
Nuzzi, R. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 809-813.
Soluble constituents of No. 2 fuel oil are toxic to bacteria-free
phytoplankton cultures and also affect natural populations.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry MQ13102G.
C-634-74
EFFECT OF CHRONIC OIL CONTAMINATION ON AQUATIC DIPTERANS: A
STATE OF THE ART REPORT
Parker, B. L., and J. D. Brammer. 1974.
Vermont Water Resources Research Center, Burlington, Completion
Report. OWRT A-018-VT(1). 14-31-1-4046. NTIS Report PB-237
499. 32 p.
"A literature search was conducted to compile a state of the
art report and the research needs in the area of petroleum
pollution in aquatic environments." The biological effects
of oil contamination on marine aquatic organisms, with particular
emphasis on aquatic dipterans, was one of the topics reviewed.
No research literature was found on the effects of low level,
chronic oil pollution on aquatic insects, and research needs in
this area were outlined.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(3). Entry # W75-01336.
C-635-74
THE EFFECTS OF A NO. 2 FUEL OIL AND TWO CRUDE OILS ON THE GROWTH
AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MICROALGAE
Pulich, W. M., Jr., K. Winters, and C. Van Baalen. 1974.
Marine Biology 28(2):87-94.
The paper reports the effects of two crude oils and water
solubles from these oils and from a No. 2 fuel oil on the
growth and photosynthesis of pure cultures of microalgae.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
65
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C-636-74
A CONTINUOUS FLOW KINETIC MODEL TO PREDICT THE EFFECTS OF
TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITY OF OIL REFINERY WASTE TO ALGAE
Reynolds, J. H., E. J. Middlebrooks, and D. B. Porcella. 1973.
Utah Water Research Laboratory, Logan, Research Report. OWRR
B-070-UTAH(2). 14-31-0001-3659. NTIS Report PB-237 669.
Equations have been developed, using continuous flow, stirred
tank, reactor kinetics and enzyme inhibition kinetics, to
determine the effects of temperature on the toxicity of oil
refinery wastes to microorganisms. It is indicated from the
results that phenol exerts a competitive inhibition effect on
the algae Selenastrum capricornutum and that phenol toxicity
increases with an increase in temperature.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(3). Entry # W75-01408.
C-637-74
TOXICITY AND AVOIDANCE TESTS WITH PRUDHOE BAY OIL AND PINK
SALMON FRY
Rice, S. D. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 667-670.
Acute toxicity concentration levels were determined for Prudhoe
Bay crude oil on pink salmon fry in fresh and salt water. The
observed 96-hour TLM values were lower in freshwater fry than
in saltwater animals (88 mg oil/liter vs. 213 mg/liter in June).
Older fry were more susceptible to oil toxicity and more
sensitive in detecting and avoiding oil than were the younger
fry.
Citation Source: Author.
C-638-74
3-4 BENZOPYRENE POLLUTION IN SOME AREAS OF THE ADRIATIC
Scaccini Cicatelli, M. 1973.
In: Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium of
Medical Oceanography, Messina, October 4-7, 1974. S. Genovese
(editor). Messina, Italy, p. 573-581.
3-4 Benzopyrene, the most carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon,
was found to be present in the marine benthos collected in the
northern and central Adriatic. The pollution affected plankton
and numerous organisms including some fish species in which
the hydrocarbon was present in the edible parts.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(9). Entry #4Q9602M.
66
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C-639-74
ACCUMULATION, RELEASE AND RETENTION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
BY THE OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA
Stageman, J. J., and J. M. Teal. 1973.
Marine Biology 22(l):37-44.
After exposing two populations of C_. virginica to a complex
petroleum hydrocarbon fraction, the hydrocarbons were accumulated
by both groups; rate and extent of uptake of the materials were
related to the lipid content of the populations and hydrocarbon
concentration in the water. Other factors involved with uptake,
retention and release of hydrocarbons when transferred to
uncontaminated conditions are discussed.
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts.
C-640-74
ENGLISH, GULF INCIDENTS SHOW OIL/FISH PROBLEMS
Townes, B. 1975.
National Fisherman 55(11):20-A.
A major problem relating to the North Sea, New England, and U.S.
Gulf Coast waters is the need to integrate both fishing and
oil-related industries in these common waters. The possibility
of fish-killing oil spill occurrences is a concern of the
fishermen; however, oil companies claim the chance of such oil
spills from offshore drilling has been minimized.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-641-74
HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION/TOXICITY DETERMINATION: ASHLAND OIL
INCORPORATED, CATLETTSBURG, KENTUCKY
Vandervort, R., and J. B. Lucas. 1974.
NTIS Report PB-232 725/2WP. 18 p.
The report describes the effects of exposure to flaked and molten
petroleum pitch at the Asphalt Department of Ashland Oil,
Catlettsburg, Kentucky; as determined by the National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health. Normal concentrations of
petroleum pitch produce seasonal phototoxic reactions in the
employees examined.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(1).
Entry #02-75-00290.
67
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C-642-74
OIL SPILL, LONG ISLAND SOUTH, MARCH 21, 1972, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS
Vast, Inc. 1973.
NTIS Report PB-230 340/2WP. 146 p.
The paper describes the studies conducted to determine the
effects of a No. 2 fuel oil spill on benthic communities in
Niantic Bay. Species density and diversity were measured
at several stations and samples of the biota were chromato-
graphically analyzed for oil content. Results showed one
area, the mid-bay station, to be contaminated.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12).
Entry #12-74-10228.
C-643-74
ARRESTANT EFFECT OF POLYOXYETHYLENE ESTERS ON SWIMMING IN THE
WINTER FLOUNDER
Wildish, D. J. 1974.
Water Resources 8(8):579-583.
The paper reports that sublethal concentrations of the oil
dispersant Gulf Agent 1009 Lot No. LS-3712, has been shown to
suppress the endogenous tidal rhythm and reduce the swimming
amplitude in the winter flounder.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974.
12(11). Entry #074487.
C-644-74
THE FATE AND BEHAVIOR OF CRUDE OIL ON MARINE LIFE
Yentsch, C. S., E. S. Gilfillan, and 0. R. Sears. 1973.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-9-75, CGR/DC-4/74, Contract DOT-
CG-13992-A. 69 p.
Results from the study examining the physiological effects of
crude oil on marine organisms have indicated that crude oil,
although not acutely toxic to test organisms has been found to
cause serious metabolic disorders in both plants and animals.
Such effects could lead to a reduction in the net amount of
carbon available for growth and reproduction.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
7(25). Entry #AD-786 584/3GA.
68
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C-645-74
ALKANES AND ALKENES IN MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE
Youngblood, W. W., and M. Blumer. 1973.
Marine Biology 21(13):163-172.
Concentrations of saturated and olefinic hydrocarbons were
determined in benthic marine algae species near Cape Cod. It
was found that the alkene to alkane ratio and polyolefinic
content were highest in young plants and rapidly growing tissues
of older plants, suggesting considerable hydrocarbon involvement
in the cell biochemistry.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(22). Entry # W74-11951.
69
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2. PHYSICAL EFFECTS
C-646-74
OIL SPILLS IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN: EXTENT OF SPREADING AND
POSSIBILITY OF LARGE-SCALE THERMAL EFFECTS
Ayers, R. C., Jr., H. 0. Jahns, and J. L. Glaeser. 1974.
Science 184(4166):843-845.
A discussion and general conclusions are presented concerning
oil-spreading mechanisms at the air-water interface in the
Arctic Ocean and significant heat balance effects of oil spills
on these waters.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-647-74
LARGE-SCALE EXPERIMENTS ON THE SPREADING OF OIL AT SEA AND
ITS DISAPPEARANCE BY NATURAL FACTORS
Jeffery, P. G. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 469-474.
The spreading pattern of an experimental discharge of 120 tons
of Iranian light crude oil in the North Atlantic is described.
After a period of four days, only a few patches of thicker oil
remained. Blokker constants for the observed spreading were
reasonably constant.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13056M.
C-648-74
INFLUENCE OF NATURAL LIGHT ON THE BIODEGRADATION OF A NONIONIC
SURFACTANT USED FOR DISPERSING OIL SLICKS AT SEA
Lacaze, J. C. 1974.
EPA-TR-59-75. Translations of Academie des Sciences, Paris.
Comptes Rendus 277(4):409-412. 10 p.
In studying the influence of light on the biodegradation of a
nonionic surfactant, results indicate that even weak light may
considerably slow down the process.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(3). Entry #872.
70
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3. CHEMICAL EFFECTS
C-649-74
POLLUTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Holt, S. J. 1973.
Nature in Focus 17:5-9.
The introduction of oil among other pollutants has caused
chemical changes in the Mediterranean. No effect on the
fisheries is yet documented. International regulations to
control these changes are considered.
International legislation
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1975. 12(1).
Entry #75-00712.
C-650-74
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN SEDIMENTS
Shelton, T. B., and J. V. Hunter. 1974.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 46(9):2172-2182,
Data were collected on oil concentrations and oxygen utilization
rates of natural bottom sediments containing oil pollutants in
New Jersey rivers. Organic carbon is released with time from
sediments containing oil by aerobic conditions in the overlying
water. These conditions cause oil loss, although other organic
compounds are lost more rapidly.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26).
Entry #173199x.
71
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D. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
1. DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
C-651-74
A NEW SALT-BASED MUD SYSTEM FOR THE NORTH SEA
Achterberg, A. 1973.
Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME: Second Annual European
Meeting. In: Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME. SPE 4319.
8 p.
A new type of saltwater-based mud system was used successfully
in 730 onshore wells and 4 offshore wells in the North Sea.
The mud system was developed to improve well safety and as a
pollution prevention unit for the environment.
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1974. 11(6).
Entry #74-05775.
C-652-74
BURNING WASTE OIL
Anon. 1973.
Compressed Air 78(11):14-16.
In the article is described an oil burner which is used to burn
up to 20,000 BPD of unrefinable crude oil during offshore well
tests. The burner, which utilizes compressed air to atomize
the waste, disposes of oil without polluting the air or surrounding
waters.
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00470.
C-653-74
DOUBLE BOTTOM BARGES PROVIDE GREATER PROTECTION AGAINST WATER
POLLUTION
Anon. 1974.
Marine Engineering Log 79:42-43.
Ashland Oil, Inc., of Ashland, Kentucky, has recently replaced
its older tank barges with 41 double-skin integrated tank
barges for use in integrated tows of petroleum products. The
double-skin construction provides for greater protection against
oil spillage should the exterior shell of the barge hull be
damaged.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
72
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C-654-74
TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN DRILLING AND DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSHORE
HYDROCARBON RESOURCES
Cipa, W., and A. G. Gelsenberg. 1974.
Presented at 9th World Energy Conference, Detroit, September
22-27, 1974. p. 3.1-3. 19 p.
The developments in the area of underwater drilling and oil
production equipment and techniques are reported. Oil pollution
control, as related to these activities is also considered.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(11).
Entry #11-74-09614.
C-655-74
CONTROL OF TANKER DEBALLASTING OPERATIONS
DeVial, R. M. 1973.
Shipbuilding and Shipping Record 122(22):29.
It is stated that total oil floating on the sea surface, due
to intentional discharges from merchant ships, could possibly
be reduced from 9 million tons/year to 3 million tons/year by
the use of slop tanks and instrumented supervision of discharges.
International marine regulations pertaining to oil discharge
control are reviewed and the design requirements for a shipboard
oil content monitoring instrument are discussed.
International legislation
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(1). Entry #662.
C-656-74
LOAD-ON-TOP SYSTEM FOR CRUDE OIL TANKERS—EXPERIENCE AND POSSIBLE
DESIGN IMPROVEMENTS
Overaas, S. 1974.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Transactions
11. 7 p.
The efficiency of the load-on-top system for crude oil tanker
loading was investigated by taking samples on board crude oil
carriers under normal operating conditions. An improved arrange-
ment for applying the load-on-top method was proposed, based on
information from model tests and experience from operating tankers.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975. 13(1).
Entry #006396.
73
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C-657-74
FLOATING OIL COLLAR MAY AID CONSERVATIONALISTS
Roberts, D. 1974.
The Engineer 283(6167):13.
An experimental model oil platform, the flotation oil collar,
is being considered in an effort to solve Britain's problems
of (1) shortages of deep water oil platform building sites,
(2) enormous platform construction costs, and (3) the "blackening"
of deep water building sites.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-658-74
A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF OIL SPREADING AND TRANSPORT
AND ITS APPLICATION FOR PREDICTING OIL SLICK MOVEMENT IN BAYS
Wang, S., and L-S. Hwang. 1975.
NTIS Report AD-780 424/8WP. 115 p.
The paper reports the development of a computer model for
simulating oil spreading and transport at the air-water interface,
The model, able to predict the oil size, shape and movement as
a function of time after a spill originates, is a useful tool
in directing effective control and cleanup activities once an
oil spill occurs.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(1).
Entry #12-75-00671.
74
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2. OIL HANDLING
C-659-74
PATENTED COLLECTOR PAN HELPS CUT POLLUTION
Anon. 1974.
Oil & Gas Journal 72(46):91.
A collector pan system has been developed which is useful in
the prevention of water pollution and aids in oil recovery
from tank-car loading facilities. The system is composed of
steel pans and aprons to catch spilled diesel fuel, oils,
grease, etc., and prevents these wastes from entering nearby
waterways or sewers.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-660-74
TANK CLEANING AND SHORE RECEPTION - A NEED FOR INVESTMENT
INCENTIVES
Anon. 1973.
Shipbuilding and Shipping Record 122(22):27 +33.
The lack of commercial incentives to construct shore reception
facilities for the unloading of oily water from tankers is the
concern of tanker owners. A reason for this lack of commercial
incentives is that owners are reluctant to pay for oily waste
reception and choose instead to dump their wastes at sea.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(1). Entry #612.
C-661-74
PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PETROLEUM DELIVERY
MARINE TERMINALS FOR EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS
Cox, G. V., and S. G. Chamberlain. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas May 6-8, 1974. (l):415-424. Paper 1978.
The paper summarizes the environmental aspects of eleven receipt
alternatives for petroleum delivery marine terminals, including
inner harbor terminals, island pier terminals and single-point-
mooring systems. Each alternative was rated using a matrix value
system. A deepwater crude receipt terminal was selected as the
best economic, environmental and engineering option.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #071929.
75
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C-662-74
COMPUTER CONTROLS PIPELINE LEAKS
Crider. C. W. 1974.
Oil & Gas Journal 72(41)-.67-70.
A leak detection system has been developed by Colonial Pipeline
Co., Atlanta, Georgia, and is able to detect oil losses as small
as 10 bbl in tests with an oil delivery rate of 7500 bbl/hr.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(12).
Entry #079617.
C-663-74
LEAK DETECTION IN UNDERWATER OIL PIPELINES
Jackson, P. A. 1973.
NOAA Report 272-23100-R2. NTIS Report COM-73-11776. 32 p.
A review of leak detection devices for underwater oil pipelines
is given to provide pollution control information prior to
construction of oil pipelines from deepwater tanker terminals
to shore facilities.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(23). Entry # W74-12065.
76
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3. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
C-664-74
BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION AND REPEATED USE OF INDUSTRIAL SPRINKLER
WASTE WATERS AT THE POLOTSK PETROLEUM REFINERY [English Translation]
Ageev, V. A., and V. A. Ermakov. 1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:15-16.
The biochemical purification system of refinery waste waters is
described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(6).
Entry #34782q.
C-665-74
EMULSIFIED OILY WATER TREATING EQUIPMENT
Anon. 1974.
Technical Review ll(l):79-82.
An outline is provided for the treatment of oil-contaminated
waste water utilizing a system newly developed by Mitsubishe
Heavy Industries.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(24). Entry # W74-13281.
C-666-74
HYDE OIL-WATER SEPARATOR
Anon.
Product Information.
The Hyde oil-water separator is a gravity-type device which
can be applied to almost any oil-water separation problem.
The separator can reduce the oil content in water effluent to
less than 5 ppm. The design and operation of the unit are
reported.
Information Source: E. E. Heidenreich, Hyde Products, Inc.,
810 Sharon Dr., Westlake, Ohio 44145.
C-667-74
OIL/WATER CLEANER
Anon. 1975.
Chemical Engineering 82(1):78.
77
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A new cleaning compound, Cleanbreak, is reported to effectively
clean and separate oil/water wastes. The compound works by
making a temporary dispersion of oil particles that agglomerate
and rise to the surface. Cleanbreak acts on the oil layer,
preventing the formation of an emulsified interface.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-668-74
PACKAGE TYPE WASTE WATER TREATING APPARATUS
Anon. 1974.
Technical Review 11(1):83-84.
A package type device is described for use in effectively
treating waste waters, including oily water. A coalescer is
used for the primary treatment of oily water followed by
installment of this apparatus which secondarily treats the
water by a chemical flotation method.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(24). Entry # W74-13282.
C-669-74
FEASIBILITY TEST PROGRAM OF APPLICATION OF COALESCING PHASE
OIL/WATER SEPARATORS TO SELF COMPENSATING FUEL TANKS IN
SURFACE SHIPS
Arnaiz, J. B., and E. Batutis. 1974.
USCG-D-88-74, Contract DOT-CG-24290-A. 90 p.
An evaluation of the General Electric Coalescing Plate Oil/Water
Separator concept as applied to ballast water discharges during
routine fueling operations is reported.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
Entry #AD-784 105/9GA.
C-670-74
EFFLUENT TREATMENT IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Berne, F., and L. P. Aggarwal. 1974.
Effluent Water Treatment Journal 14(8):26-29.
78
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The methods of treating effluent containing oily wastes as free
oil or mechanically and chemically emulsified are described.
Oil handling
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(12).
Entry #077806.
C-671-74
SLASH COSTS BY RECYCLING TREATED WASTEWATER THROUGH SPECIAL
FILTERS
Boris, D. 1974.
Power 118(4):140.
A treatment technique used to recycle refinery wastewater
effluent for reuse in in-plant consumption is described.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-672-74
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF SEPARATE COMPONENTS OF WASTE WATERS
FROM THE KIRISH PETROLEUM REFINERY THAT HAD UNDERGONE BIOLOGICAL
PURIFICATION [English Translation]
Donchenko, N. A., and N. M. Arshanits. 1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:29-32.
Data are presented on the results of the biological purification
of a mixture of industrial waste water and municipal sewage.
The purified municipal waste solution was found to be harmless
to brook trout fingerlings after a 64-fold dilution.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26).
Entry #175789p.
C-673-74
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT - BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR
TREATMENT OF REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATERS
Ford, D. L., and L. F. Tischler. 1974.
American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry,
Preprint 19(3):520-539. (Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey,
September 8-13, 1974).
The waste treatment system process combined with biological
79
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treatment as used with refinery and petrochemical waste waters
to produce high quality effluents is discussed.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975. 13(1).
Entry #006867.
C-674-74
STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING EQUIPMENT USED FOR THE
BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS FROM PETROLEUM
REFINERIES [English Translation]
Gerber, V. Ya. 1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:10-14.
A review with six references.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(6).
Entry #34737d.
C-675-74
ULTRAFILTRATION OF SOLUBLE OIL WASTES
Goldsmith, R. L., D. A. Roberts, and D. L. Burre. 1974.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 46(9):2183-2192.
The advantages of ultrafiltration in disposing of soluble oil
waste are presented. Lower cost, very high oil removal
efficiency and little pretreatment required are included among
the beneficial aspects of the process.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(24).
Entry #158399u.
C-676-74
WATER MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN REFINERY COOLING SYSTEMS
Griffin, R. W. 1974.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, [Pap.] 74-PET-15.
New regulations on waste water discharges make cation additions
with nonchromate inhibitors necessary. Biocides are used daily.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 82(8).
Entry #47582z.
80
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C-677-74
TREATMENT OF EMULSIFIED OIL WASTE CONTAINING SURFACE ACTIVE
AGENTS (English Summary)
Hagiwara, K., Y. Murakami, and K. Nishiguchi. 1974.
Osaka Kogyo Gijutsu Shikensho Kiho 8(l):61-63.
The treatment of bubbling ozone into oil waste water effectively
removes surface-active agents after removal of oil by other
methods.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22).
Entry #140541z.
C-678-74
WASTE WATER RECYCLED FOR USE IN REFINERY COOLING TOWERS
Hart, J. A. 1973.
Oil and Gas Journal 71(24):92-96.
Described is Mobile Oil's program to minimize water contamination
in the Indiana Harbor Canal, which is the source of input water
for its East Chicago Refinery.
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00520.
C-679-74
EVALUATION OF A UNIQUE CENTRIFUGE FOR SEPARATION OF OIL FROM
SHIP DISCHARGE WATER
Harvey, A. C., and V. K. Stokes. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 391-402.
Described is a centrifugal coalescer designed and tested for oil
separation as it disperses in ship bilge and ballast water.
The design, development and laboratory tests of the coalescer
are evaluated.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13013G.
81
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C-680-74
PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS AT THE NOVO-GORKY PETROLEUM
REFINERY [English Translation]
Klochkov, 0. N., and M. A. Denisov. 1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:34-37.
The treatment for the purification of oil refinery waste
waters is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26).
Entry #175791h.
C-681-74
BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS FROM THE GROZNY GROUP
OF PETROLEUM REFINERIES [English Translation]
Mantrov, V. P. 1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:32-34.
The biochemical purification process for petroleum waste waters
is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26).
Entry #175790g.
C-682-74
DETERMINATION OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF OIL IN WASTE WATER [English
Summary]
Matsumoto, R., I. Taguchi, and T. Ishiguro. 1974.
Tetsu To Hagane 60(13):2056-2061.
Concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm of oil in waste water can be
determined using the absorption of sericite powder and then
determining the carbon content of the powder. A recommended
procedure, considering factors such as the pH effect, is given.
Analysis
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(8).
Entry #47481r.
C-683-74
TREATMENT OF OILY WASTE WATER USING ACTIVATED CARBON
Matsumoto, T., M. Inoue, T. Takeuchi, and E. Sugimoto. 1974.
Mitsui Zosen Giho (Mitsui Shipbuilding Technical Review) 85:1-10.
82
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Results are presented on experiments where oily waste water
was treated using activated carbon. In the system 10 ppm oil
were contained in the solution at the inlet of the fluidized
bed adsorption column, and less than 1 ppm oil was present at
the outlet.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(24). Entry # W74-13287.
C-684-74
CHARACTERISTICS AND HYGIENIC EFFECTIVENESS OF MEASURES FOR THE
SANITARY PROTECTION OF RESERVOIRS [English Translation]
Murzakaev, F. G., and A. A. Mingazetdinov. 1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:22-24.
Described are the measures undertaken by petroleum refineries
in the Bashkiria region to protect water reservoirs and improve
nearby river quality.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts, 1975. 82(6).
Entry #34783r.
C-685-74
ULTRAFILTRATION REMOVAL OF SOLUBLE OIL
Nordstrom, R. P., Jr. 1974.
Pollution Engineering 6(10):46-47.
A new process utilizing ultrafiltration membranes for the
treatment of emulsified oil wastes in the metal working industry
is described.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(12).
Entry #081944.
C-686-74
THE COANDA-EFFECT OIL-WATER SEPARATOR: A FEASIBILITY STUDY
Pal, D. 1974.
Technical Note 1331, Naval Civil Engineering Lab, Port Hueneme,
NTIS Report AD-774 080. 35 p.
Described is an experimental investigation which determined the
effectiveness of the Coanda-effect oil-water separator. Tests
83
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demonstrated that the separator reduced the oil content in an
oil-water mixture from 6% to 1-3%.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(21). Entry # W74-11436.
C-687-74
COMPLETE INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER REUSE GOAL OF REFINING STUDY
Porter, J. W., J. H. Blake, and R. T. Milligan. 1973.
Oil & Gas Journal 71(40):70-74.
The article discusses the problems that face the oil refineries
in attaining waste water discharge standards to comply with the
U.S. national goal of zero discharge of pollutants to the
waterways by 1985.
National legislation
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(1). Entry #633.
C-688-74
RPC DIVISION, MIDLAND-ROSS CORP. 10-GALLON-PER-MINUTE LIQUID/
LIQUID SEPARATOR
Russell, E. C. 1973.
Report 2058, May, 1973. NTIS Report AD-763 154. 11 p.
The design and testing of a 10 gpm liquid/liquid separator as
a shipboard oil pollution control device is described. Redesign
of the separator may be required to insure complete oil separa-
tion at high oil injection rates.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(23). Entry # W74-12009.
C-689-74
PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING CIRCULATING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF
PETROLEUM REFINERIES [English Translation]
Saifutdinov, K. Z., E. G. loakimis, and A. K. Efimova. 1974,
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:4-7.
84
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A water supply and drainage system with complete return of
industrial and sewer waste waters, which replaces 46% of the
feed water with treated municipal sewage, is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26).
Entry #176026z.
C-690-74
POSSIBLE FLOTATION SEPARATION OF THE DISPERSED PHASE FROM
DILUTE OIL-WATER EMULSIONS [English Summary]
Skrylev, L. D., and V. A. Artemova. 1974.
Kolloidnyi Zhurnal 36(3):594-596.
A number of cationic surfactants are given which are suitable
for the removal of motor oil, industrial lubricants, compressor
oil, turbine oil or transformer oil from industrial effluents,
when used in a flotation separation process.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(2).
Entry #5563p.
C-691-74
ROLE OF PROTOZOA IN THE BIOLOGICAL PURIFICATION OF PETROCHEMICAL
INDUSTRY WASTE WATERS [English Summary]
Strom, A. D., I. P. Danilevskaya, I. F. Tikhonruk, G. D. Vasilenko,
and V. V. Vitlinskaya. 1974.
Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal 10(2):49-54.
Petrochemical waste waters were passed through a biofliter and
at flow rates of ~200 ml/hr, the COD of the purified water was
5 mg 0/1.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26).
Entry #175705h.
85
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4. RESEARCH
C-692-74
ANALYSIS OF WATER CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
AND THEIR ADAPTABILITY TO SEMI-ARID REGIONS
Ben-David, S., F. L. Brown, Jr., H. G. Folster, and E. F. Thode.
1974.
New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, Las Cruces,
Report 040, June, 1974. 155 p. NTIS Report PB-236-280.
The petroleum refining and coal gasification industries were
selected for a study which examined the operating character-
istics of these water-using industries and their technological
ability to adapt to the economic and environmental conditions
of the semi-arid Southwest.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(24). Entry # W74-12863.
C-693-74
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON OFFSHORE FACILITIES
Hull, A. R., and T. S. Austin. 1974.
Marine Technology Society Journal 8(4):15-21.
The article describes the services of the Environmental Data
Service, NOAA, which are to provide environmental data in areas
including oceanography and marine geology, and to work with
individuals, industry and government agencies to conduct
environmental studies to meet offshore development needs. The
role of environmental data in the development of superports in
the Gulf of Mexico is discussed.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(11).
Entry #12-74-09627.
C-694-74
EPA INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL R AND D PROGRAM-PETROLEUM
REFINING AND ORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRIES
Lacy, W. J., P. E. Des Rosiers, L. Myers, and T. E. Short. 1974.
American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry,
Preprint 19(3):516. (Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey,
September 8-13, 1974).
The authors examine the research and development programs
developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for
water pollution control in the U.S. chemical industry.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975. 13(1).
Entry #006866.
86
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C-695-74
CARGO SPILL PROBABILITY ANALYSIS - A BAYESIAN APPROACH
Nair, K., H. C. Shah, and S. Wayne. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (l):435-447. Paper 1980.
A Bayesian statistical approach was used in the development
of a probability method for predicting cargo spill occurrences.
Probable size, location and cause of cargo spills can be
predicted.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11)
Entry #074491.
C-696-74
EXPERIMENTAL QUALITY RESEARCH IN THE OCEAN SCIENCES DIVISION
Nekritz, R. 1973.
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., Report of
NRL Progress; November, 1973. p. 17-28.
Several projects of the Ocean Sciences Division are reviewed,
including control of oil spills.
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1975. 12(1).
Entry #75-00684.
C-697-74
EMERGING OCEAN OIL AND MINING LAW
Wurfel, S. W. 1974.
North Carolina University Sea Grant Publication UNC-SG-74-02.
65 p.
Six research studies are presented in the report. Topics
include: International Cooperation for the Control of Oil
Pollution (G.E. Smith), International Regulation of Petroleum
Exploration and Exploitation on the High Seas (J. A. Sanford
Routh), and the North Carolina Oil Pollution Control Law; A
Model for State Efforts to Curb Pollution of the Sea (J. V.
Maxwel1).
International legislation
State legislation
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(10). Entry E4Q11009M.
87
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5. REGULATIONS, STANDARDS AND PLANNING
C-698-74
OIL SPILLS TROUBLE CANADIAN WATERS
Anon. 1974.
Water Newsletter 16(23):2.
Canada's Environment Minister reported that 8,500 gallons of
oils are spilled each week in Canadian waters. Efforts are
being made by the Environmental Ministry and the Ministry of
Transportation to develop regulations and standards covering
siting and operation of oil terminals and transportation of
oil cargoes in Canadian waters.
Foreign legislation
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-699-74
WATER REGULATIONS—CRITERIA FOR STATE, LOCAL AND REGIONAL OIL
REMOVAL CONTINGENCY PLANS
Anon. 1973.
Pollution Control Guide, Volume 2, Paragraph 8660-8686.
p. 9201-9203.
Guidelines are provided to assist state, local and regional
agencies to develop oil removal contingency plans which would
quickly and effectively minimize damage resulting from oil
discharges.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(2). Entry # W75-00941.
C-700-74
CODES OF PRACTICE FOR DEALING WITH OIL SPILLS AT SEA AND ON
SHORE: A EUROPEAN VIEW
Beynon, L. R. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 616-626.
The paper outlines the guidance codes prepared by various western
European countries for dealing with oil spills of different
oil types at sea and on shore locations. The codes are intended
to assist industrial, local, or national agencies which may have
to undertake oil cleanup operations.
Cleanup and recover
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13021G.
88
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C-701-74
OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN THE NORTH SEA
Daniels, J. T. 1973.
Journal of Petroleum Technology 25:1153-1154.
The joint efforts and plans of oil companies and offshore
operating committees of North Sea countries for the prevention
of oil pollution in North Sea waters are described. Present
plans involve the use of oil-dispersing chemicals for oil
spill cleanup.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00508.
C-702-74
SPILL RISK ANALYSIS PROGRAM. PHASE II. METHODOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT
AND DEMONSTRATION
Dunn, W. A., and P. M. Tullier. 1974.
Report No. ORI-TR-840 USCG-D-15-75.
Methods to assess the effectiveness of merchant marine safety
regulations are being developed primarily to assist Coast Guard
regulatory decision-makers in selecting alternative means of
reducing transport casualties and spills of oils and other
pollutants.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
74(23). Entry #AD-785 026/6GA.
C-703-74
BASIC TRENDS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY DRAINAGE, AND
WASTE WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEMS OF PETROLEUM REFINERIES
[English Translation]
Eigenson, A. S., and E. G. loakimis. 1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:7-10.
"Permissible concentrations of pollutants for the Soviet All-
Union State Standard GOST project for waste waters from
petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants are given."
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts, 1974. 81(24).
Entry #138236p.
89
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C-704-74
PROVINCES OF PROMISE
Emery, K. 0. 1974.
Oceanus 17 (summer):!5-19.
The paper summarizes the major oceanic oil fields and lists the
factors which will influence the continuance of fossil oil and
gas as major sources of fuel. Included among the determining
factors are: the rate at which exploration of new ocean areas
can be completed, and continued improvement in preventing oil
spills.
Citation Source:
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.
4(12). Entry #4Q12270M.
1974.
C-705-74
WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE RUHR VALLEY
Imhoff, K. R. 1974.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 46(7):1663-1673.
The roles of water associations which manage water quantity
and quality in the Ruhr Valley, Germany, in such areas as waste
water treatment, oil pollution measures, water reuse and research,
are discussed.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(1).
Entry #5142.
C-706-74
OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE POLLUTION CONTROL ON THE OPEN SEA
Pristoop, S. M. 1973.
In: Water for the Human Environment, Volume I, Congress Papers;
Proceedings of the First World Congress on Water Resources,
Chicago, Illinois, September 24-28, 1973. p. 400-425.
The paper lists recommendations made regarding necessary research
and development activities leading to an effective oil spill
pollution control and abatement system. Preliminary steps in the
system's development include a thorough problem definition,
description of the environment, determination of the fate of the
pollutants in the environment, and risk analyses associated with
a pollution event.
Research
Citation Source:
Selected Water Resources Abstracts.
8(3). Entry # W75-01468.
1975.
90
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E. EFFECTS OF OIL PROSPECTING AND PRODUCTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-707-74
REPORT TO THE CONGRESS ON OCEAN DUMPING AND OTHER MAN-INDUCED
CHANGES TO OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS, OCTOBER 1972 THROUGH DECEMBER
1973. PUBLIC LAW 92-532, TITLE II
Anon. 1974.
Annual Report No. 1. NOAA-74060509. 108 p.
Included in the report on the problem of ocean dumping is
information describing the effects of the development of
offshore terminals and oil and gas development on the marine
environment.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
74(20). Entry # COM-74-50632/OGA.
C-708-74
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF REFINERY EFFLUENTS
Baker, J. M. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 715-723.
Speed of dispersion and dilution of effluent in an ecosystem
are major factors determining biological effects of refinery
effluents. Behavioral responses or toxic effects may change
species distributions and abundances. Sublethal effects are
not yet known.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13097M.
C-709-74
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL AND GAS RECOVERY TECHNIQUES WITH PARTICULAR
REFERENCE TO THE NORTH SEA AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Baldwin, A. H., and E. B. Cowell. 1974.
Presented at 9th World Energy Conference, Detroit, September
22-27, 1974. p. 3.1-4. 24 p.
91
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A review is given of the project to install oil drilling/
production platforms and other facilities in a North Sea
oilfield. The environmental safety and effects of such oil
development activities are examined.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(11).
Entry #12-74-09648.
C-710-74
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS: THE EXAMPLE OF THE PROPOSED
TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE
Brew, D. A. 1974.
Circular 695. 16 p.
The report describes the aspects considered in preparing the
environmental impact analysis for the proposed trans-Alaska
pipeline. The principal unavoidable effects included disturbance
of terrain, fish, wildlife habitat and human environs, and the
results of the discharge of tanker-ballast treatment effluent
into Port Valdez,
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(23). Entry # W74-12011.
C-711-74
WATER POLLUTION ASPECTS FROM WASTE DRILLING MUD DISPOSAL IN
CANADA'S ARCTIC
Bryant, W. J., J. R. Goldburn, and J. R. Hurdley. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (2):95-106. Paper 2044.
The paper reports that water base muds and other waste fluids
from oil drilling have caused acute toxicity to fish, high
dissolved oxygen demand, high concentrations of organic carbon,
total nitrogen, phosphorus, solids, chemical oxygen demand and
chromium in Canada's waters. The need for development of waste
treatment technology is emphasized.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #071956.
92
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C-712-74
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OIL POLLUTION IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT:
A REVIEW (Enlarged Edition)
Butler, M. J. A., F. Berkes, and H. Powles. 1974.
Marine Sciences Centre Manuscript Report, McGill University, 22A. 133 p.
The object of the study was to analyze the environmental
implications of several hypothetical incidents that would be
associated with oil exploration, development, and marine
transportation activities and facilities. The report was
prepared as a background document for the oil pollution study
conducted by McGill University, and supported by the Canadian
Department of the Environment.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(11). Entry #4Q11899M.
C-713-74
A SURVEY OF THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AN ONSHORE
DEEPWATER PORT AT GALVESTON, TEXAS. PART II. ENVIRONMENTAL
Hann, R. W., Jr., and W. P. James. 1974.
Texas A & M University Sea Grant Program TAMU-SG-74-214. 52 p.
The report outlines the environmental factors associated with
the proposed deep channel from Pelican Island to a depth of
100 feet, 57 miles offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. The section
presents ways in which the environmental components of such
development, both beneficial and degradatory, should be evaluated.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(10). Entry #4Q10797M.
C-714-74
EFFECTS OF AN OFFSHORE CRUDE OIL UNLOADING TERMINAL ON THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
James, W. P., R. W. Hann, Jr., and F. Slowey. 1975.
Marine Technology Society Journal 9(1):27-31.
The article discusses the studies undertaken at Texas A & M
University on the environmental impact of a deepwater crude oil
unloading terminal off the Texas coast. Results of the research
relating to field sampling, impacts of terminal construction
and operation, and the impact of a major oil spill on the
environment are presented.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
93
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C-715-74
POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYPOTHETICAL OIL DISCHARGES
IN THE ATLANTIC COAST AND GULF OF ALASKA
Moore, S. F., G. R. Chirlin, C. J. Puccia, and B. P. Schrader.
1974.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sea Grant Program Report
MITSG 74-19. 204 p.
A study was initiated to analyze the primary biological effects
of oil production and development on the Atlantic and Alaskan
outer continental shelves. The effects of oil discharges from
offshore platforms and large volume oil spills are assessed.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(10). Entry #4Q10762M.
C-716-74
NORTH SEA OIL: SCOTLAND'S SALVATION OR SLIDE TO A SEWER?
Stephenson, K. 1974.
Civil Engineering 810:48-51.
The environmental consequences that may arise as a result of
Scotland's proposed plans for oil exploration and development
are discussed.
General effects of prospecting and production
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(1). Entry #381.
C-717-74
GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF OIL SPILL POTENTIAL ASSOCIATED WITH
ALASKAN OIL PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Swift, W. H., R. E. Brown, L. V. Kimmel, M. M. Orgill, and
P. L. Petersen. 1974.
Contract DOT-CG-23223-A, AD-784099; USCG-D-79-74. NTIS Report
CSCL 13/2. 273 p.
The report reviews the future development of petroleum production
and transportation in Alaska, and estimates the degree of
associated oil pollution in the Alaskan environment.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(2). Entry #N75-11543.
94
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2. PHYSICAL EFFECTS
C-718-74
PRELIMINARY, PHYSICAL IMPACTS OF OFFSHORE PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENTS
M.I.T. 1974.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sea Grant Publication
MITSG 74-20. 443 p.
Four studies are presented in the report dealing with the
initial physical effects of offshore oil development on the
Atlantic and Gulf of Alaska continental shelves. The topics
include: number of platforms and types of oil transport that
would be needed, the probability of oil spills and spill volume
determination, expected oil spill trajectories for the areas,
diffusion and evaporation processes during weathering of oil
slicks.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(10). Entry #4Q10719.
95
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3. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-719-74
OIL'S ENVIRONMENT OUTLAY NEAR $6 BILLION
Anon. 1974.
Oil & Gas Journal 72(46):34.
The American Petroleum Institute reported at its annual meeting
that the petroleum industry has spent more than $5.5 billion
for environmental protection over the last 8 years. Projects
to prevent water pollution received $2.265 billion, or more
than 41% of all funds.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-720-74
DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLEUM TRANSPORT BY SEA
Lescohier, R. P. 1974.
Presented at 9th World Energy Conference, Detroit, September
22-27, 1974. p. 5.1-14. 25 p.
Discussed are the changes which have arisen as a result of the
great increase in sea transportation of petroleum, including
reduction in operating costs, improved safety and reduction of
pollution of the seas.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(11).
Entry #12-74-09651.
C-721-74
THE IMPACT OF OFFSHORE OIL PRODUCTION ON SANTA BARBARA COUNTY,
CALIFORNIA
Wilcox, S. M., and W. J. Mead. 1974.
Government Reports Announcements 74(7):119. Contract NOAA
2-35208 (Ref. Order No. COM-74-10264/1GA).
The impact of oil production on the economy of Santa Barbara
County is evaluated. Information on environmental changes due
to oil production and spills is included.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1975. 12(1).
Entry #75-01000.
96
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4. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-722-74
(Science Concentrate)
Anon. 1975.
Chemical & Engineering News 53(5):16.
The effect of oil shale development on water quality and quantity
in Colorado's Piceance Basin is reviewed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-723-74
PROPOSED EXPANSION OF FOREIGN-TRADE SUBZONE 9A (HIRI OIL REFINERY),
HONOLULU, HAWAII
Anon. 1974.
Final Environmental Impact Statement OEA-74-2. 297 p.
The report assesses the environmental impact of the proposed
expansion of the Hawaii Independent Refinery to a daily capacity
of 125,000 barrels/day.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974. 74(17).
Entry # COM-74-11071/9GA.
C-7424-74
THE OIL INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Chandler, G. 1974.
Petroleum Review 23(326):85-92.
Part II of a paper presented at the Conference on Fuel and the
Environment deals with marine transportation and refining in
respect to environmental protection. Topics of accidental
spillage and cleanup cost (oil transportation) and effluent
emmissions control (refining) are discussed.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(1). Entry #494.
97
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C-725-74
ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Fri, R. W. 1973.
American Lung Association Bulletin 59(10):2-6.
The former acting administrator of the American Lung Association
outlines the difficult problems of developing energy resources
while concurrently protecting the environment.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental
Pollutants, 1974. 3(12). Entry #11268.
C-726-74
LAW OF THE SEA: THE EMERGING REGIME OF THE OCEANS
Gamble, J. K., Jr., and G. Pontecorvo. 1974.
NTIS Report COM-74-10846/5WP. 390 p.
Superport development, offshore petroleum, merchant ships and
marine pollution are included among the topics of maritime law
discussed in the report.
International legislation
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12).
Entry #12-74-10241.
C-727-74
SEA PROTECTION AGAINST CONTAMINATION WITH OIL-CONTAINING WASTE
WATER
Gasanov, M. V., R. G. Mamedov, and G. B. Babaev. 1973.
In: Water for the Human Environment, Volume I, Congress Papers;
Proceedings of the First World Congress on Water Resources,
Chicago, Illinois, September 24-28, 1973. p. 383-390.
Waters from oil fields were found to contaminate the Caspian Sea
during oil prospecting, drilling, and transporting activities.
Mechanical and biochemical treatments of oil sewage from oil
production and domestic wastes are discussed.
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(3). Entry # W75-01466.
98
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C-728-74
THE OILMEN COMETH
Graham, F., Jr. 1975.
Audubon 76(2):96-97.
The article discusses the interest of the Pittston Company in
constructing a $350 million deepwater terminal and refinery
in Eastport, Maine; and the environmental concern of the people
of Maine regarding such development.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-729-74
OCS OIL:
MAMMOTH LEASE PLAN ENCOUNTERS HEAVY OPPOSITION
Holden, C. 1974.
Science 186(4164):610-615.
The political-environmental battle arising from the Department
of Interior's plans to embark on a vast new leasing program in
the outer continental shelf is discussed, The environmental,
economic and social issues involved in accelerated OCS leasing
are reviewed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-730-74
OFFSHORE OIL
PROBLEMS
IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN WATERS: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL
Marshall, A. G. 1974.
Environmental Conservation 1(1):69-70.
The existing energy crisis has led to increased development of
offshore oil resources in Southeast Asia. The article states that
an environmentalist lobby should be formed to prevent legislatures
from overlooking the well-being of the environment in the areas
of development. A six-point marine protection policy is outlined.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1974. 4(12).
Entry #12-74-10201.
99
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C-731-74
POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND RESEARCH NEEDS FOR AN OIL SHALE INDUSTRY
Pfeffer, F. M. 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Series, Report
EPA-660/2-74-067. GOP Sup. Doc. EP1.23:660/2-74-067. 36 p.
Descriptions of oil shale resources and surface drainage within
the Green River Formation are included in the review of pollution
problems and research needs of the oil shale industry. The
stabilization of spent shale residues derived from oil shale
retorting processes are discussed, along with other areas of
environmental concern.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(1). Entry # W75-00012.
C-732-74
THE DISPOSAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF CARBONACEOUS SOLID
WASTES FROM COMMERCIAL OIL SHALE OPERATIONS
Schmidt-Collerus, J. J. 1974.
Government Reports Announcements 74(13):77.
Samples of soil, water, vegetation and air from various areas of
potential oil shale operations and samples of carbonaceous spent
shale from retorting in pilot plants were analyzed for polycyclic
organic matter content. The samples were analyzed in an effort
to investigate the potential impact from trace organic matter
from carbonaceous spent shale on the environment.
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00920.
C-733-74
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Stone, R. T. 1974.
American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry,
Preprint 19(3):510. (Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey,
September 8-13, 1974)
The paper outlines the programs and activities involved in oil
shale development by the United States,and the environmental
concerns which have been investigated.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975. 13(1)
Entry #004252.
100
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F. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION
C-734-74
INVESTIGATION OF THE BEHAVIOR AND EFFECTS OF OIL UTILIZING A
MANNED UNDERWATER HABITAT
Allen, A. A., R. S. Schlueter, and L. E. Fausak, 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (l):425-434. Paper 1979.
In an effort to understand subsurface effects of oil, the
behavior and effects of several oils in the subsurface marine
environment were studied mainly by divers working from an
underwater habitat located off Freeport, Grand Bahama Island.
Sinking agent effectiveness and oil degradation, solubility
and migration through the bottom sediments were investigated.
Chemical changes
Physical changes
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11)
Entry #074301.
C-735-74
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN EXTREMELY COLD ENVIRONMENTS
Atlas, R. M. 1973.
Final Report to Office of Naval Research, October, 1973. ONR
Contract NAS7-100. 34 p.
Results of studies examining the interactions of microorganisms
and Prudhoe crude oil at study sites in Prudhoe Bay, Valdez,
Umiat, and Cape Simpson, Alaska are described. In an experiment
with floating miniature oil slicks contained in Prudhoe Bay for
a period of 5 weeks, natural losses of oil, including biodegrada-
tion, were 60%; and stimulated losses, in which bacterial
populations were added, amounted to 80% of the added oil by weight.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(22). Entry # W74-11725.
C-736-74
MICROORGANISMS CAPABLE OF DEGRADING REFRACTORY HYDROCARBONS IN
OHIO WATERS
Cooney, J. 0. 1974.
Ohio Water Resources Center, Columbus, Completion Report,
No. 443X. OWRT A-029-Ohio (1). 14-31-0001-4035. NTIS Report
PB-237 293. 39 p.
101
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Studies were undertaken in which samples were collected from
four freshwater ecosystems in Ohio to determine the hydrocarbon
content, total bacterial and fungal populations, and the numbers
of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria, yeasts and fungi present.
Data from the measurements suggested that a high content of
aromatic and/or olefinic hydrocarbons may be toxic to the microbial
flora, and that there is a direct relationship between the
amount of hydrocarbons and the number of hydrocarbon-using
microorganisms in the lake sediments.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(2). Entry # W75-00977.
C-737-74
THE BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS [English Summary]
Fasoli, U., and G. Genon. 1974.
La Chimica e L'Industria 56(3):191-195.
"Two distinct mathematical models based on Monod's growth
equation, are given for the interpretation of experimental
results relating to hydrocarbon biodegradation." A comparison
is made between the two models, and their possible applications
are discussed.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(24). Entry # W74-13300.
C-738-74
BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE SEA
Floodgate, G. D. 1972.
In: Water Pollution Microbiology. R. Mitchell (Editor), Wiley,
New York, New York. p. 153-171.
The origin of oils and hydrocarbons in the sea and their
bacterial breakdown are reviewed.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(4).
Entry #21497a.
C-739-74
DISPOSAL OF OIL WASTES BY MICROBIAL ASSIMILATION
Francke, H. C., and F. E. Clark. 1974.
Report Y-1934. 45 p.
A biological assimilatory process has been developed for the
successful disposal of industrial plant oil waste products.
102
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Waste petroleum products are mixed into the soil where natural
microbial assimilation degrades the oily wastes.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26).
Entry #175760x.
C-740-74
THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Gibson, D. T. 1974.
Annual Report No. 16-1938-1. Contract N00014-67-A-0126-0020.
70 p.
The contract provides for the investigation of mechanisms used
by soil bacteria in oxidizing ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene.
Significant accomplishments are described in the progress report.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
74(18). Entry #AD 781 709/1GA.
C-741-74
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ALKANES
Haines, J. R., and M. Alexander. 1974.
Applied Microbiology 28(6):1084-1085.
A study was conducted to determine whether high molecular weight
hydrocarbons are degraded when provided to microorganisms.
Measurements of biological oxygen demand show that, in vitro,
the microflora are able to destroy normal alkanes of higher
molecular weight than heretofore believed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-742-74
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN CONTINENTAL SHELF SEDIMENTS
Hunt, P. G., F. R. Koutz, R. P. Murrmann, and T. G. Martin. 1973.
U.S. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover,
New Hampshire. Special Report No. 196. 20 p.
In studying the degradation rate of petroleum wastes in continental
shelf surface sediments under aerobic conditions, it has been
estimated that complete degradation would require several hundred
years. The slow rate of decomposition in continental shelf
sediments is due to the low 02 conditions created by the high 03
demand of the wastes.
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00305.
103
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C-743-74
EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS ON THE MICROBIAL UTILIZATION OF OIL APPLIED
TO SOIL
Jobson, A., M. McLaughlin, F. D. Cook, and D. W. S. Westlake.
1974.
Applied Microbiology 27(1):166-171.
In a study treating replicate field plots with oil, oil and
bacteria, oil and fertilizer, and oil, bacteria and fertilizer,
it was found that after a period of 308 days, the application
of fertilizer resulted in stimulated bacterial numbers and
rates of n-alkane component utilization. Application of oil-
utilizing bacteria only slightly accelerated the ^ate of
utilization of n-alkane components of chain lengths ^2Q~^2S'
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00948.
C-744-74
POLLUTION AND SELF-PURIFICATION OF MARINE SOILS [English Summary]
Kiryukhina, L. N., M. I. Kucherenko, and 0. 6. Mironov. 1974.
Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal 10(2):55-59.
In a frequently oil-polluted bay, bottom sediments were found
to contain 1 x 10^ oil-consuming bacteria/g. Concentrations
of such bacteria were 100-fold lower outside the bay. "Repeated
pollution of the surface created redn zones in the sediments
and led to predominance of bituminization over humification."
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(2).
Entry #7502s.
C-745-74
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF ALKANES BYMICROORGANISMS
Mahadevan, A. 1974.
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 33(l):39-43.
A review and discussion of the subject of anaerobic degradation
of alkanes are given. Alkane oxidation and microbial activity
in petroleum formations are emphasized.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(25).
Entry #165920k.
104
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C-746-74
PROPERTIES OF SABLE ISLAND CRUDE OIL IN RELATION TO ITS BEHAVIOR
IN THE EVENT OF A SPILL AT SEA
McLean, A. Y., and D. A. Odedra. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974. (1):449-460. Paper 1981.
Research was conducted to characterize crude oil found on Sable
Island, Nova Scotia, in an effort to predict the behavior of
this oil if it were spilled at sea. The effects of various
weathering processes on the oil (biodegradation, evaporation,
emulsification) were studied.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #074492.
C-747-74
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS ON BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF
BUNKER C OIL, CRUDE OILS, AND HYDROCARBONS
Mulkins-Phillips, G. J., and J. E. Stewart. 1974.
Applied Microbiology 28(6):915-922.
A study was initiated to determine the action of microbial
cultures on the degradation of Bunker C oil, and to assess
the effect of nutrient levels on the rate of microbial growth
on hydrocarbon substrates. The results suggest that the rate
of biodegradation of oil in marine temperate-to-polar zones
is limited to low temperatures and phosphorus concentrations,
but naturally occurring nitrogen concentrations are probably
not rate-limiting factors.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-748-74
EFFECT OF FOUR DISPERSANTS ON BIODEGRADATION AND GROWTH OF
BACTERIA ON CRUDE OIL
Mulkins-Phillips, G. J., and J. E. Stewart. 1974.
Applied Microbiology 28(4):547-552.
The report focuses on studies which examined four chemical
dispersants in combination with Arabian crude oil to determine
their effects on the growth of bacteria from local waters,
bacterial population composition, and crude oil biodegradation.
None of the dispersants used alone were toxic even at high
concentrations.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
105
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C-749-74
HYDROCARBON METABOLISM BY BREVIBACTERIUM ERYTHROGENES: NORMAL
AND BRANCHED ALKANES
Pirnik, M. P., R. M. Atlas, and R. Bartha. 1974.
Journal of Bacteriology 119(3):868-878.
The paper describes the 2 distinct chemical pathways by which
branched- and straight-chain alkanes are metabolized by
B_. erythrocienes.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1974. 58(12).
Entry #68574.
C-750-74
DEEP-SEA BACTERIA: GROWTH AND UTILIZATION OF HYDROCARBONS AT
AMBIENT AND IN SITU PRESSURE
Schwarz, J. R., J. D. Walker, and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Applied Microbiology 28(6):982-986.
The study was undertaken to investigate microbial degradation
of hydrocarbons under simulated deep-sea pressures. Micro-
organisms collected from Atlantic Ocean sediment samples at a
depth of 4,490 m utilized hydrocarbons at both ambient and in
situ pressures; however, at ambient temperature, the rate of
hydrocarbon utilization under in situ pressure (500 atm) was
significantly less than utilization at ambient pressure
(1 atm).
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-751-74
DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY MARINE BACTERIA
Soli, G. 1973.
Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium of Medical
Oceanography, Messina, October 4-7, 1971. S. Genovese (editor),
Messina, Italy, p. 251-258.
Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, isolated from coastal Southern
California, were found to digest up to 75% of crude oil in a
short time period when furnished with necessary metabolites
(P, oils, N). The author emphasizes the need for further studies
on environmental conditions which determine effective hydrocarbon
oxidation,since the role of these bacteria in the self purifica-
tion process of oil contaminated waters may be significant.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(9). Entry MQ9557M.
106
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C-752-74
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF PETROLEUM UTILIZATION IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 685-690.
Studies were conducted on petroleum-degrading microorganisms
collected at 2 stations in Chesapeake Bay; one station demon-
strated 4-5 times the concentration in water of petroleum
compared to the second station. The numbers of oil-degrading
microorganisms were related to the concentration of oil in each
water sample analyzed. The hydrocarbon-utilizing fungus,
Cladosporium resinae,and actinomycetes comprised a large number
of the hydrocarbon-degrading isolates.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q12305M.
C-753-74
MICROBIAL PETROLEUM DEGRADATION: USE OF MIXED HYDROCARBON
SUBSTRATES
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Applied Microbiology 27(6):1053-1060.
A comparison is made of the methods for estimating the microbial
degradation of petroleum. Gas-liquid chromatography with a mixed
hydrocarbon substrate has been demonstrated to be a useful method
for evaluating the microbial potential of hydrocarbon degradation.
Analysis
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(10). Entry #4Q10779M.
C-754-74
ACTIVITY OF OIL OXIDIZING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE WATER OF
LAGOON OF KURSKI ZALIV AND THE BALTIC SEA COAST [English Summary]
Yabkyavichyus, K. K., L. K. Yankyavichyus, and B. A. Malamene.
1973.
Lietuvos Tsr Moksiu Akademijos Darbai Serija C Biol Mokslai 4:21-27,
Studies of oil-oxidizing bacteria from these bodies of water
revealed that bacteria isolated from the sea grew better on
media with diesel oil, autol and mazut than those isolated from
the lagoon. Mixtures of oil-consuming bacteria appeared to
assimilate diesel oil and autol on a nonsterile medium better
than on a sterile medium.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(1).
Entry #4540.
107
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2. CHEMICAL CHANGES
C-755-74
THE FATE OF A BUNKER FUEL IN BEACH SAND
Guard, H. E., and A. B. Cobet. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 827-834.
Research conducted on oil dispersed on three San Francisco
beaches showed that beaches disperse the oil, enhancing the
effect of dissolution on the fuel composition. Lower molecular
weight fractions are removed.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13063M.
C-756-74
DISSOLUTION OF PETROLEUM-DERIVED PRODUCTS IN WATER
Lysyj, I., and E. C. Russell. 1974.
Water Research 8(11):863-868.
Several lubricating oils and fuels were studied in experiments
to determine the factors involved in the transfer of organic
materials from an oil film into an aqueous solution. It was
discovered that substantial quantities of organic matter can
enter into solution as a result of contact between the oil film
and the water. The rate of oil film dissolution is probably
related to chemical changes in the oil film composition.
Analysis
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-757-74
SUN, OUR ALLY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST POLLUTION
Philpel, N. 1974.
Chimia 28(5):261-262.
The paper discusses the role of sunlight in accelerating the
dispersion and decomposition of oil spills on seawater. UV
radiation reacts with light-sensitive compounds on crude oil
and oxidizes them to soluble or volatile products.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22).
Entry #140268r.
108
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C-758-74
DEGRADATION OF BUNKER C OIL UNDER DIFFERENT COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS
OF CHEDABUCTO BAY, NOVA SCOTIA
Rashid, M. A. 1974.
Estuarine & Coastal Marine Science 2(2):137-144.
The chemical and physical changes occurring in Bunker C oil
remaining on the shores of Chedabucto Bay for a period of
3-1/2 years have been examined and described. Degradation of
oil was found to be rapid in the high energy coastal environments,
and relatively slow in protected areas. Residual oils present
on the oil polluted beaches were predicted to persist for several
years.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(1).
Entry #12-75-00646.
109
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3. PHYSICAL CHANGES
C-759-74
PHOTO-OXIDATION AS A FACTOR IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL DISPERSAL
OF CRUDE OIL
Burwood, R., and G. C. Speers. 1974.
Estuarine & Coastal Marine Science 2(2):117-135.
A review is given on the fate and dispersion processes of crude
oil in the marine environment. Results of studies examining
the equilibration of Middle East crude oil with seawater are
discussed.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(1).
Entry #12-75-00645.
C-760-74
FACTORS GOVERNING THE FATE OF OIL AT SEA; VARIATIONS IN THE
AMOUNTS AND TYPES OF DISSOLVED OR DISPERSED MATERIALS DURING
THE WEATHERING PROCESS
Frankenfeld, J. W. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 485-495.
Investigations have been conducted on some of the factors
influencing the amounts and types of compounds found in water
extracts from several crude and refined oils. Effects of
oxidation and characteristics of the original oil appear to
be the most important factors.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13058M.
C-761-74
WEATHERING OF OIL AT SEA
Frankenfeld, J. W. 1973.
Final Report, USCG-D-7-75, Contract DOT-CG-23035-A. 194 p.
The weathering of six carefully selected oils was monitored
under controlled laboratory conditions in a study designed to
trace the fate of petroleum products in the marine environment.
The physical and chemical changes in the oils were measured with
time of weathering.
Chemical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
74(26). Entry #AD-787 789/7GA.
110
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C-762-74
WIND DRIFT SURFACE CURRENTS AND SPREAD OF CONTAMINANTS IN SHELF
WATERS
Gordon, A. L., and R. D. Gerard. 1973.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-75, Contract DOT-CG-23339-A. 65 p.
Oil spilt on the sea responds to the basic velocity field of
the upper few meters of water. In an effort to better under-
stand the fate and behavior of oil pollution, experiments were
conducted from July, 1972 to February, 1973, in which the
velocity field in the upper few meters of the water column in
the area of Ambrose Tower was studied. Methods used in the
experiments are given.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974.
7(25). Entry #AD-786 610/6GA.
C-763-74
EVAPORATION OF PETROLEUM OIL FILMS
Hirano, F., and T. Sakai. 1974.
Junkatsu 19(8):577-585.
The effects of various chemical constituents and various dis-
tributions of molecular weights on the evaporation and maximum
diameter of spreading films of petroleum oils were investigated.
The lifetime of the film increases with increasing molecular
weight and with a larger range of molecular weights.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(8).
Entry #46049u.
C-764-74
BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CLEANUP TECHNIQUES OF NORTH SLOPE
CRUDE OIL IN AN ARCTIC WINTER ENVIRONMENT
McMinn, T. J., and P. Golden. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172. p. 263-276.
The authors discuss the physical fate and behavior of crude oil
when spilled on winter arctic ice and snow, based on a series
of experiments performed by the Coast Guard in the Alaskan Arctic
during January-February, 1972.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts. 1974.
4(12). Entry #4Q13054G.
Ill
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C-765-74
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN SEDIMENTS
Shelton, T. B., and J. V. Hunter. 1974.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 46(9):2172-2182.
An investigation was conducted in which bottom sediments con-
taining oil were placed on a continuous flow experimental system
and the decomposition process was observed for 33 weeks.
Results indicated a steady release of organic carbon from the
sediments and loss of oil with time.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #074489.
112
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4. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
C-766-74
BACKGROUND PAPERS FOR A WORKSHOP ON INPUTS, FATES, AND EFFECTS
OF PETROLEUM IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Anon. 1973.
2 Volumes, Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. 836 p.
The collection of papers contains various topics concerning
petroleum in the marine environment, including its input into
the seas, the fate of petroleum, chemical and biological
analytical techniques, and the effects of petroleum on coast-
lines, biota, marine resources and human health.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Analysis
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00630.
C-767-74
AGING OF CRUDE PETROLEUM ON WATER [English Summary]
Hellman, H. 1974.
Erdoel und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie 27(8):422-425.
The aging of four different crude oils was examined and evaluated
with the aid of flow curves. Results indicated that the
weathering process depends on the type of oil and is reproducible.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1974. 12(11).
Entry #074501.
C-768-74
POSSIBLE FATE OF OIL IN THE ARCTIC BASIN
Ramseier, R. 0. 1973.
In: Water for the Human Environment, Volume I, Congress Papers;
Proceedings of the First World Congress on Water Resources,
Chicago, Illinois, September 24-28, 1973. p. 58-70.
The potential fate of oil after an oil spill in the Arctic basin
is discussed, including its entrapment under the ice cover and
the path of movement of oil with the ice.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(3). Entry # W75-01433.
113
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G. OIL POLLUTION LEGISLATION
1. STATE LEGISLATION
C-769-74
OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING: A COMPARISON OF STATE LAWS
Geil, J. M. 1973.
Sea Grant Publication, UNC-SG-73-01. p. 138-146.
A comparison is made of the ways in which several states
concerned with petroleum exploration have dealt with offshore
oil drilling legislation. The major problems arising from
oil exploration and the different systems of ownership of
underwater oil are reviewed.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(2). Entry # W75-00803.
114
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2. NATIONAL LEGISLATION
C-770-74
U.S. SUPERPORT PLANS ADVANCING
Anderson, E. V. 1975.
Chemical and Engineering News 53(4):10-11.
Discussed are the governmental plans and the surrounding
controversies involved with the implementation of the new
Deepwater Port Act of 1974. Included in the legislation is
the clause which gives states the right to veto a superport
project if they can establish that the state would be adversely
affected by such development.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-771-74
DEEPWATER PORTS
Anon. 1973.
Hearings—Subcommittee on Water Resources and Subcommittee on
Energy, Committee on Public Works, U.S. House of Representatives,
93rd Congress, 1st Session, October 9-11, 1973.
The amendment to the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1975 establishes
a Federal licensing program for the regulation of construction
and operation of deepwater ports which are principally used for
unloading oil between deepwater vessels and the United States,
and are over three nautical miles from the U.S. coast. Economic
and environmental advantages were included among the topics
considered in the hearings.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(23). Entry # W74-12262.
C-772-74
FIGHTING POLLUTION: LATEST GOVERNMENT ACTION IS AIMED AT
REDUCING OIL SPILLS AND DISCHARGES
Anon. 1974.
Marine Engineering Log 79:29-33, 116, 118.
A review of the recent government efforts to prevent oil discharges
and spills is given. Two lists of manufacturers and distributors
of systems to separate oil from water for shipboard use, and of
equipment and materials for containing, recovering and treating
oil spills are included.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
115
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C-773-74
OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS
Anon. 1973.
Work Boat 30(7):23.
The article reviews the oil pollution prevention regulations
issued by the U.S. Coast Guard in the Federal Register on
December 21, 1972. The regulations deal with oil transfer
between vessels and terminals, and the operation of vessels
on the U.S. navigable waters and contiguous zone after June 30,
1974.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00311.
C-774-74
WATER REGULATIONS—DISCHARGE OF OIL
Anon. 1973.
Pollution Control Guide, Volume 2, Paragraph 8690-8699.
p. 9211-9212.
Legislation applying to oil discharges in U.S. waters is
reviewed.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(2). Entry # W75-00942.
C-775-74
AMERICAN WATERWAYS: FLORIDA OIL POLLUTION LEGISLATION MAKES
IT OVER FIRST HURDLE
Swan, P. N. 1973.
Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 5(1):77-110.
The Supreme Court's decision making valid the 1970 Oil Spill
Prevention and Pollution Control Act and upholding Florida's
right to impose liability for suffered losses is described.
Other federal-state conflicts arising from this legislation
are examined.
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1974. 11(6).
Entry #74-05928.
116
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3. INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
C-776-74
Anon. 1974.
House of Representatives Report No. 692, Conrnittee on Merchant
Marine and Fisheries, 93rd Congress, 1st Session. 43 p.
The High Seas Oil Port Act amends the Merchant Marine Act of
1936 and authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to issue permits
for the construction and operation of offshore port facilities.
The Act is designed to minimize adverse environmental effects
resulting from oil port development.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(23). Entry # W74-12615.
C-777-74
IMCO - SECRETARIAT'S DRAFT RESOLUTIONS FOR SUBMISSION TO THE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MARINE POLLUTION, 1973 ON THE
SUBJECT OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF MARINE POLLUTION
Anon. 1973.
Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 5(1):151-156.
Draft resolutions are presented by IMCO, dealing with imple-
mentation of the 1969 amendments to the International Convention
for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, and the
carriage and discharge of toxic substances other than oil.
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00381.
C-778-74
OIL SPILLS: HOW SERIOUS A PROBLEM
Anon. 1973.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 45(4):583-585.
The article discusses the opposing views concerning the serious-
ness of oil spills, as presented at the Conference on the
Prevention and Control of Oil Spills. Also discussed is the
launching of a national program for oil spill control, which will
include regulations setting requirements for spill reporting and
contingency planning and legislation to enforce the regulations.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
7(23). Entry # W74-12621.
117
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C-779-74
A SHORT CRUISE ON THE GOOD SHIPS TOVALOP AND CRISTAL
Becker, G. L. 1974.
Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 5(4):609-632.
Tovalop and Cristal, two industry agreements relating to
liability for oil pollution cleanup and damage, are compared
to two international agreements. The performance of the
industry agreements is evaluated.
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1975. 12(1).
Entry #75-00973.
118
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4. FOREIGN LEGISLATION
C-780-74
PETROLEUM REFINERY EFFLUENT REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES
Anon. 1974.
Regulations, Codes and Protocols, Report EPS l-WP-74-1. 28 p.
Controls have been issued by the Canadian government which
ensure that all oil refineries operating in Canada apply the
best possible treatment technology to their liquid effluents.
The purpose of the regulations is to protect fish and marine
resources from the effects of toxic refinery discharges.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1).
Entry # 75-00171.
C-781-74
NO FAULT LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE
Bergman, S. 1973.
Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 5(1):1-50.
Oil pollution problems, extent of marine oil pollution and the
capacity to deal with oil spills are described,and current
and past legislation regarding accidental pollution is evaluated.
Absolute liability is proposed as a solution to oil spills and
support for its feasibility is outlined.
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1974. 11(6).
Entry #74-05926.
C-782-74
THE OIL INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Chandler, G. 1974.
Petroleum Review (London) 28(325):22-27.
The article, which is the first part in a series of three
presented by the author at the Conference on Fuel and the
Environment, Eastbourne, England, November, 1973, discusses
government legislation, platform and pipeline safeguards, and
oil spill cleanup in respect to oil exploration and production.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(1). Entry #634.
119
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C-783-74
GUIDELINES ON THE USE AND ACCEPTABILITY OF OIL SPILL DISPERSANTS
Rue!, M., S. L. Ross, E. Nagy, and J. B. Sprague. 1973.
Environmental Protection Service Report Series EPS l-EE-73-1.
60 p.
The report presents the foundation of Environment Canada Guide-
lines on the Use and Acceptability of Oil Spill Dispersants.
Requirements and procedures for determining the suitability of
a dispersant, based on these guidelines, are described.
Standards, regulations and planning
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts, 1975. 6(1).
Entry #75-00260.
120
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H. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
C-784-74
TANKERS
Anon. 1974.
U.S. Defense Documentation Center, Report DDC-TAS-73-81. Ref.
Order No. AD-772 300/OGA.
Annotated references on such topics as oil pollution control,
cargo vessel capability and harbor facilities are cited.
Citation Source: Oceanic Abstracts. 1975. 12(1). Entry #75-00910.
C-785-74
SUPERTANKERS AND SUPERPORTS. A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS
Habercom, G. E., Jr. 1974.
Report for 1974 supersedes report dated October, 1973, COM-73-11715.
76 p.
The bibliography contains 60 selected abstracts of research reports
related to the construction and operation of supertankers and their
port facilities, and environmental considerations of such develop-
ment.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1974. 7(26).
Entry # NTIS/PS-74/088.
C-786-74
WASTE PROCESSING IN THE CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES—A
BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS
Lehmann, E. J. 1973.
NTIS Publication NTIS-WIN-73-022. NTIS Report COM-73-11386. 87 p.
Eighty-seven abstracts of research reports discussing control
processes, economic factors and abatement strategies for the
chemical and petrochemical industries are included in the bibli-
ography on industrial waste treatment.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(23).
Entry # W74-12069.
121
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C-787-74
OIL SPILL REMOVAL. A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS
Smith, M. 1974.
Government Reports Announcements 74(13):104.
A bibliography on oil spill removal is provided, containing 114
selected abstracts concerned with such topics as oil-water
separators, skimmers, dispersants, enzymes and adsorbents.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(1). Entry #75-00153.
122
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SECTION II. CURRENT STATUS OF SOME OF THE RESEARCH PROJECTS
AS LISTED IN PREVIOUS REPORTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. MONITORING
R-166-74
EFFECT ON THE ECOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY IN COLD ENVIRONMENTS OF
OIL SEEPAGES AND SPILLS
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency: U.S.
Period: 7/72 to 6/73
Brown, J., and R. Murrmann
U.S. Army Cold Region Research and
Engineering Laboratory, P.O. Box 282,
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
Department of Defense, Army, No. DAOZ8146
Funds: Unknown
The project has been completed and a final report will be
available sometime in 1975.
Information Source:
J. Brown, Department of the Army, U.S. Army
Cold Region Research and Engineering Lab-
oratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.
R-169-74
DEVELOP CHEMICAL STANDARDS FOR GROWING AREA
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization
Supporting Agency: U.S
Period: 7/73 to 6/74
Lamb, J. B.
Bureau of Foods
U.S. Department of Health, Education
and Welfare, Public Health Service,
Food and Drug Administration,
Washington, D.C. 20204
Department of Health, Education and
Welfare, Public Health Service, Food and
Drug Administration, Bureau of Foods
Funds: Unknown
The project is involved with the monitoring of shellfish growing
areas which have been contaminated by oil spills. A contract
has been initiated to determine levels of polynuclear aromatics
found in shellfish from both the non-spill areas and the retail
market. No reports are yet available.
Information Source:
J. B. Lamb, Division of Food Technology,
Bureau of Foods, Public Health Service,
Food and Drug Administration, Washington,
D.C.
123
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R-170-74
ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PETROCHEMICALS IN WATER AND
SEDIMENT
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Water Resources Division
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
Supporting Agency: Department of the Interior, Geological
Survey, Water Resources Division NR-69-062
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
The project was suspended in 1972.
Information Source: G. W. Whetstone, United States Department
of the Interior, Geological Survey, Reston,
Virginia 22092.
R-171-74
MOVEMENT AND FATE OF SUNKEN OIL
Principal Investigator: Wood, P. C.
Performing Organization: Ministry of Agriculture, Burnham on
Crouch, England
Supporting Agency: United Kingdom Government
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
The major interest of the project was the implications of sinking
oil to commercial fisheries, as part of clean-up procedures at
sea. The work has been discontinued and transferred to the
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Aberdeen.
Two additional studies are being conducted by the Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. One project, being carried
out jointly with the Norwegians and the laboratories in Scotland,
is surveying areas of the North Sea subject to oil exploitation;
samples of benthos and fish are being collected for hydrocarbon
analysis. No results are yet available. A second project, soon
to be started, will attempt to determine the fate of various
hydrocarbon components in the immediate environment of a quanti-
fiable point source input.
Reports
TOXICITY OF OIL-SINKING AGENTS
Blackman, R. A. A. 1973.
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea,
Fisheries Improvement Committee, C.M. 1973/E:10.
124
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The toxic effect of the sand-sink method (spraying oil
with a slurry of sand and seawater with tallow amine
acetates as a wetting agent) was tested on brown shrimps
(Crangon crangon). The concentration of the solvent
throughout the water column after application indicates
the unlikelihood of toxic effects.
EFFECTS OF SUNKEN OIL ON THE FEEDING OF PLAICE ON BROWN
SHRIMPS AND OTHER BENTHOS
Blackman, R. A. A. 1974.
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea,
Fisheries Improvement Committee, C.M. 1974/E:24.
The effects of prey containing oil and oil on tank bottoms
upon predation behavior of demersal fish were tested. The
fish caught shrimp that had ingested oil more easily because
of the shrimp's reduced specific gravity.
Information Source: I. C. White, Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory,
Remembrance Ave., Burnham on Crouch,
Essex, England.
125
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2. REMOTE SENSING
R-172-74
EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION ON NAVAL OPERATIONS
Principal Investigators: Gallagher, J. J., and D. F. Guiliano
Performing Organization: U.S. Navy Underwater Systems Center,
Newport, Rhode Island 02840
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy,
No. DN014506
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
The Underwater Systems Center's pollution research program was
instituted in 1970 and terminated two years later. The program
addressed measurement techniques, and in particular airborne
remote sensing. The techniques were planned for oil slick
monitoring but the program was terminated before an oil
pollution oriented task could be.implemented.
Information Source: J. Gallagher, New London Laboratory, Naval
Underwater Systems Center, New London,
Connecticut 06320.
R-173-74
REMOTE SENSING FOR WATER AND AIR POLLUTION
Principal Investigator: Goodwin, G.
Performing Organization: U.S. National Aeronautic and Space
Administration, Ames Research Center,
Moffett Field, California 94035
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Aeronautic and Space Admin-
istration, Aeronautics and Space Technical
Office, Ames Research Center, No. 160-75-22
7370495
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
The project has been completcdand a final report is being
prepared. Four technical papers have been published on the
subject.
Reports and Publications
AIRBORNE OPTICAL DETECTION OF OIL ON WATER
Millard, J. P., and J. C. Arvesen. 1972.
Applied Optics 11(1) :102-107.
Various techniques for detecting oil on water utilizing
reflected sunlight were evaluated. It was found that
126
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maximum oil-water contrast was in the UV and red portions
of the spectrum; blue-green yielded minimum levels of
contrast. Differential polarization appeared to be one
of the most promising techniques. Oil identification could
not be made because characteristic absorption bands were
not evident and oil-water contrast was greatly influenced
by sky conditions.
EFFECTS OF SKYLIGHT POLARIZATION, CLOUDINESS, AND VIEW
ANGLE ON THE DETECTION OF OIL ON WATER
Millard, 0. P., and J. C. Arvesen. 1971.
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, AIAA
Paper No. 71-1075. 7 p.
The authors evaluate three passive radiometric techniques
for use in remote sensing of oil spills. Conclusions are
drawn as to the most promising technique and explanations
are given to describe why previous total-radiance measure-
ments yielded highest contrast between oil and water under
overcast skies.
POLARIZATION: A KEY TO AN AIRBORNE OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR THE
DETECTION OF OIL ON WATER
Millard, J. P., and J. C. Arvesen. 1973.
Science 180:1170-1171.
"Skylight polarization, varying with the sun's position in
the sky, influences the contrast of oil on water. Good
contrast is most consistently obtained by viewing in azimuth
directions toward or away from the sun, and the contrast is
enhanced by imaging selected polarization components and by
taking the difference between orthogonal polarization
components."
VIDEO SYSTEMS FOR REAL TIME OIL-SPILL DETECTION
Millard, J. P., J. C. Arvesen, P. L. Lewis, and G. F. Woolerer.
1973.
ISA Reprint Copyright 1973 of study presented at the Second
Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants,
Washington, D. C., December 10-12, 1973. p. 355-361.
A conventional TV camera, cameras operating in a subtractive
mode, and a field-sequential camera are three types of airborne
127
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television systems being developed to detect oil spills.
The potential usefulness and limitations for each of the
systems are discussed.
Information Source: J. P. Millard, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, Ames Research Center,
Moffett Field, California 94035.
R-l74-74
MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
Principal Investigator: Love, E. S.
Performing Organization: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Langley Research Center,
Hampton, Virginia 23365
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration, Aeronautics and Space Technical
Office, Langley Research Center,
No. 176-53-321 7470481
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
The project conducted by NASA Langley Research Center is entitled
"A Study of the Chemical Fate and Biological Consequences of
No. 2 Fuel Oil Spills in Semi natural Ecosystems." The study
is continuing with completion expected January, 1976.
Reports and Publications
IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN AN EXTRACT FROM ESTUARINE
WATER ACCOMMODATED NO. 2 FUEL OIL
Bieri, R. H., G. Losser, R. J. Huggett, A. L. Walker, and
B. W. Lewis. 1974.
Proceedings of the Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum)
Symposium and Workshop, May 13-17, 1974. National Bureau
of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
The use of the mass spectrometer with interfaced gas
chromatograph and data handling system for hydrocarbon
analysis is described.
HYDROCARBONS IDENTIFIED IN EXTRACTS FROM ESTUARINE WATER
ACCOMMODATED NO. 2 FUEL OIL BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY - MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Lewis, B. W., A. L. Walker, and R. H. Bieri. 1974.
NASA Technical Memorandum, NASA TM X-72009. 10 p.
Computerized gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analyses
were conducted on methylene chloride and n-heptane extracts
128
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of a No. 2 fuel oil accommodated estuarine water samples.
The results of the analyses and a description of the method
are given.
Information Source: E. S. Love, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665.
129
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3. ANALYSIS
R-029-74
FINGERPRINTING OF OIL SPILLED IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Kolpack, R. L.
Performing Organization: University of California, Graduate
School, Los Angeles, California 90007
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Sea
Grant Office
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: $15,000
The project was discontinued under U.S. Department of Commerce
funding. The publication, "Microbial Decomposition Patterns
Using Crude Oil," is the only paper presently available from
the project.
Publications
MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION PATTERNS USING CRUDE OIL
Mechalas, B. J., T. J. Meyers, and R. L. Kolpack. 1973.
In: The Microbial Degradation of Oil Pollutants. Louisiana
State University Center for Wetland Resources LSU-SG-73-01.
p. 67-79.
A series of experiments was conducted to determine the
sequence of microbial degradation in Santa Barbara crude
oil. The n-paraffin and isoprenoid components are first
to be degraded and order of break-down is dependent upon
molecular weight.
Information Source: R. L. Kolpack, Environmental Geology,
University of Southern California, Los
Angeles, California 90007.
R-l78-74
GEOCHEMISTRY OF OILFIELD BRINES
Principal Investigators: Collins, A. G., J. W. Davis, G. E.
Fletcher, and C. A. Pearson
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau
of Mines, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Mines, No. 4011-6
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $86,000
The project is active at present.
130
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Reports and Publications
API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR ANALYSIS OF OIL-FIELD WATERS
American Petroleum Institute.
Official Publication
The edition contains various procedures for oil-field
water analyses. Several procedures included aid in the
evaluation and resolution of pollution problems.
ARE OIL- AND GAS-WELL DRILLING, PRODUCTION, AND WASTE
DISPOSAL PRACTICES POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT?
Collins, A. G. 1970.
Report presented September 13-18, 1970, 160th National
American Chemical Society Meeting, Chicago, Illinois.
Summary not available.
OIL AND GAS WELLS—POTENTIAL POLLUTERS OF THE ENVIRONMENT?
Collins, A. G. 1971.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 43(12):2383-2393.
The paper contains a discussion of the possible sources of
environmental pollution from drilling fluids, drilling muds,
oil well cuttings and treatment chemicals. The need for
further evaluation of these pollution sources is emphasized.
Information Source: A. G. Collins, Production Research, U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines,
Bartlesville Energy Research Center,
P.O. Box 1398, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003.
R-l82-74
OIL SPILL IDENTIFICATION
Principal Investigators: Ferrero, E. P., C. C. Ward, and
H. J. Coleman
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau
of Mines, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Mines, No. 8759-19
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $76,000
The Bartlesville Energy Research Center has an active research
program relating to "Identification of Oil Spills." The Bureau
131
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of Mines has analyzed crude oils from all over the world with
an objective of improving petroleum utilization. The purpose
of this continuing research is to determine and measure dis-
tinctive properties of crude oils and crude oil residues and
to establish reliable definitive interrelationships between
these diverse properties for improved oil spill "fingerprinting"
and identification.
The following manuscripts are in various stages of publication
as Bureau of Mines Reports of Investigations:
CRUDE OIL SPILLS RESEARCH—AN INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION
OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, by Wilson, C. A., E. P. Ferrero,
and H. J. Coleman.
CRUDE OIL SPILLS RESEARCH—ATOMIC ABSORPTION TECHNIQUES FOR
VANADIUM AND NICKEL, by Wilson, C. A., E. P. Ferrero, and
H. J. Coleman.
Publications
BUMINES DATA PROMISE HELP IN IDENTIFYING PETROLEUM-SPILL
SOURCES
Whisman, M. L., and F. 0. Cotton. 1971.
The Oil and Gas Journal, December 27, 1971.
The problems of oil source identification and use of computer-
access data banks containing crude oil analyses are discussed.
Information Source: H. J. Coleman, Chemistry and Refining
Research, U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville Energy Research
Center, P.O. Box 1398, Bartlesville,
Oklahoma 74003.
R-183-74
OIL POLLUTION OF RIVERS, METHODS OF ANALYSIS
Principal Investigator: Glenn, W. J.
Performing Organization: Department of Environment, London,
England
Supporting Agency: United Kingdom Government
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
The project is no longer in progress.
Publications
INLAND OIL SPILLS - EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND ACTION
132
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Oil and Water Industries Working Group. 1972.
Institute of Petroleum, London.
The report contains procedures to be undertaken in the event
of an inland oil spill.
THE BATTLE AGAINST OIL POLLUTION AT SEA
Department of Trade and Industry. 1973.
Trade and Industry, Supplement to July 26, 1973 issue.
(Available from Department of Trade and Industry, Marine
Division, Sunley House, 90-93 High Hoi born, London, WCIV 6LP)
The Department of Trade and Industry has the responsibility
for dealing with any major threat of coastal pollution which
may arise from oil at sea. The supplement describes the
causes and effects of oil pollution at sea, national and
international organizations established to deal with it, and
current research being conducted to improve methods of
dealing with a large oil spill.
OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA AND SHORE
Warren Spring Laboratory, Department of Trade and Industry.
A study of remedial measures.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MARINE AND ESTUARINE OIL POLLUTION
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.
Summary not available.
Information Source: G. A. P. Oolliffe, Directorate General
Water Engineering, Department of the
Environment, 2 Marsham St., London SW1 P3EB.
R-185-74
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF OIL BY INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Principal Investigator: Gruenfeld, M.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Edison Water Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development No. 21
AOE 02 72P17896
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
133
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Reports
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM OIL POLLUTANTS BY INFRARED
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Gruenfeld, M.
Preprint from author.
The accuracy and sensitivity of the infrared technique used
for quantitative determination of petroleum oils by single
point source analysis is described. Solvents used are
carbon tetrachloride, Freon 113, and a mixture of the two.
Infrared oil detection limits, oil absorptive stability
during prolonged solution storage, and the utility of these
absorptivities for oil identification are examined.
Information Source: M. Gruenfeld, Environmental Protection
Agency, Regional Office II, Edison, New
Jersey 08817.
134
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B. OIL POLLUTION CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
R-046-74
OIL CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS - CHEMICALLY JELLED BOOMS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water Programs, Washington,
B.C. 20242
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast
Guard No. 012108
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
This contract was not awarded.
Information Source: K. Adams, Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C. 20460.
135
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
R-208-74
ASSESSMENT AND TESTING OF OIL DISPERSANTS FOR USE AT SEA
Principal Investigator: Wood, P. C.
Performing Organization: Ministry of Agriculture, Burnham on
Crouch, England
Supporting Agency: United Kingdom Government
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
Work related to this topic is still underway under a project
entitled, "The Toxicity of Oils, Oil Dispersants and Mixtures."
The toxicity of new oil dispersant formulations is being assessed
using standard toxicity tests. Research is also underway on the
toxicity of selected oils and oil dispersant components, the
latter in an attempt to identify the most toxic components. New
toxicity testing methods and techniques for use with oil and
dispersants are being developed. The work is being done in
cooperation with the Warren Spring Laboratory, which is con-
cerned with the efficiency of oil cleanup methods. (See R-235-74
for publications)
Information Source:
I. C. White, Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory,
Remembrance Avenue, Burnham on Crouch,
Essex, England.
R-209-74
TREATMENT OF OIL SPILLS, ESPECIALLY SINKING AND DISPERSION
Principal Investigator: Wood, P. C.
Performing Organization: Ministry of Agriculture, Burnham on
Crouch, England
Supporting Agency: United Kingdom Government
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
The project is closely related to Entry R-208-74, "Assessment and
Testing of Oil Dispersants for Use at Sea." The implications to
commercial fish, shellfish and other marine resources of all oil,
cleanup or prevention methods are assessed as and when new methods
are proposed.
Information Source:
I. C. White, Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory,
Remembrance Avenue, Burnham on Crouch,
Essex, England.
136
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-083-74
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT STUDIES - INDONESIA
AND GHANA
Principal Investigators: Eilers, W. L., and P. H. Freeman
Performing Organization: Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D.C. 20560
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of State, Agency for
International Development, Contract AID/
CSD-2608-3
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $145,237
A series of case studies have bene conducted and environmental
guidelines on selected environmental problems in developing
countries have been produced. These case studies and three
guideline booklets are completed and now in press.
1) The environmental consequences of rapid urbanization
in Seoul, Korea
2) The environmental impact of a large tropical man-made
lake (Lake Volta, Ghana)
3) Coastal zone pollution in Indonesia, with special
emphasis upon oil.
Information Source: W. L. Eilers, Office of International and
Environmental Programs, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.
R-093-74
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS ON TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION AND ON
LAKE PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE NORMAN WELLS REGION AND THE TUKTOYAKTUK
REGION NWT
Principal Investigators: Hutchinson, T. C., J. Hellebust, and
M. Tel ford
Performing Organization: University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Supporting Agency: Department of Indian Affairs and Northern
Development, Canadian Government
Period: 7/73 to 3/74 Funds: $86,000
The project is an ongoing one. Papers resulting from the study
are to be given at the Conference on the Control and Prevention
of Oil Spills, April, 1975, San Francisco. Four papers will be
included in the Proceedings of the Society of International
Limnologists Conference, Winnipeg, 1974, one paper in Environ-
mental Pollution No. 1, 1975 (with P. Kauss), and two papers are
forthcoming in the first issue of Canadian Botany, 1975. All
deal with different aspects of oil toxicity.
137
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Publications
THE PHYTOTOXICTY OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS IN FRESHWATER
Hutchinson, T. C., P. Kauss, and M. Griffiths. 1972.
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,
Publication No. EI-4. Reprinted from Water Pollution
Research in Canada.
Field toxicity tests on planktonic algae were performed using
crude oil, crude oil-water extracts, and selected oil com-
ponents. The effects of the oil on the algal species varied
from a growth inhibiting reaction to a stimulating reaction.
Water soluble components of crude oil in laboratory tests
were toxic to the algae and reduced algal growth by
increasing water acidity.
OIL SPILLS AND VEGETATION AT NORMAN WELLS, N.W.T.
Hutchinson, T. C., and J. A. Hellebust. 1974.
Environmental-Social Committee on Northern Pipelines, Task
Force on Northern Oil Development Report No. 73-43. Information
Canada Cat. No. R72-10773 QS-1538-000-EE-A1.
The effects of natural and simulated oil spills on character-
istic terrestrial and aquatic vegetational ecosystems in the
Mackenzie Valley were determined. Terrestrial vegetation
varied in resistance to oil exposure and overall cover was
reduced by a factor of up to four. The effects upon aquatic
vegetation were variable; the higher plants that grew partially
above the water surface were damaged to the greatest degree
and lake phytoplankton were damaged least.
THE TOXICITY OF CRUDE OIL AND ITS COMPONENTS TO FRESHWATER
ALGAE
Kauss, P., T. C. Hutchinson, C. Soto, J. Hellebust, and M.
Griffiths. 1973.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills, 1973,
Washington, D.C.
Field tests measuring crude oil toxicity on freshwater algae
indicated that the algal responses were species-specific,
varying from suppression to stimulation of growth. Toxicity
of seven different crude oils on Chlorella yulgaris was
variable in lab studies.
Information Source: T. C. Hutchinson, Institute for Environmental
Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada MBS 1A4.
138
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R-098-74
OFFSHORE TERMINAL OPERATIONS IMPACT
Principal Investigator: Maurer, D.
Performing Organization: University of Delaware, School of
Marine Science, Newark, Delaware 18711
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
Office No. 2-35223
Period: 9/72 to 8/73 Funds: Unknown
Continuing research is being conducted in the following areas:
Sublethal Effects of Crude Oil on Juvenile Mercenaria mercenaria;
Environmental Aspects of Offshore Multi-Use Port Islands (study
funded by NSF/RANN, a full report is forthcoming); and Baseline
Studies of Lower Delaware Bay (study funded by NSF/RANN, no
reports are yet available).
Reports
IMPACTS OF A DEEPWATER TERMINAL VOLUME I. ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH A DEEPWATER PORT
Maurer, D.
Report to the National Science Foundation, RANN Program
The objective of the study was to analyze and collate existing
data related to the environmental vulnerability of selected
sites to construction and operation of deepwater port facilities
The work was a part of a broad-based study headed by the
Council on Environmental Quality. Descriptions of the marine
biota of the proposed areas and assessments of the sensitivity
to stress of individual species were among the principal topics.
Information Source: L. Watling, College of Marine Studies, Field
Station, University of Delaware, Lewes,
Delaware 19958.
R-101-74
MARINE PETROLEUM POLLUTION - BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND CHEMICAL
CHARACTERIZATION
Principal Investigators: Nicol, J. A., and C. Van Baal en
Performing Organization: University of Texas, Marine Science
Institute, Port Aransas, Texas 78373
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division
of National and International Progress,
GX-37345
Period: 2/73 to 1/74 Funds: $142,150
139
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Publications
THE EFFECTS OF A NO. 2 FUEL OIL AND TWO CRUDE OILS ON THE
GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MICROALGAE
Pulich, W. M., Jr., K. Winters, and C. Van Baalen. 1974.
Marine Biology 28:87-94.
Reported are the effects of two crude oils and water solubles
from these oils and from a No. 2 fuel oil on the growth and
photosynthesis of pure cultures of microalgae.
Information Source: C. Van Baalen, University of Texas at
Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port
Aransas, Texas 78373.
R-123-74
MONITORING OF MARINE POLLUTION PROBLEMS
Principal Investigator: Westman, W. E.
Performing Organization: University of Queensland, St. Lucia,
Queensland, Australia
Supporting Agency: University of Queensland
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
The project is currently active with one publication resulting
from the study.
Publication
BIOASSAYS AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING
Westman, W. E. 1974.
In: A Compilation of Australian Water Quality Criteria.
Australian Water Resources Council. Technical Paper No. 7:
275-281.
The paper is a literature review.
Information Source: W. E. Westman, Visiting Lecturer in
Environmental Planning & Management,
University of California, School of
Architecture and Urban Planning, Los
Angeles, California 90024
R-212-74
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL AND OIL COMPOUNDS ON MARINE COASTAL
ECOSYSTEMS
Principal Investigators: Bean, R. M., and J. A. Lichatowich
140
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Performing Organization: Battelle Memorial Institute, P.O. Box
999, Richland, Washington 99352
Supporting Agency: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Biomedical
and Energy Research Division
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $60,000
The following are articles which appeared in the 1974 Annual DBER
Report. The 1975 Annual Report, No. 1950-Pt. 2, BNWL, will be
published and ready for distribution in March, 1975, and will
include "Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Marine
Environment," by R. M. Bean.
Reports
DETERMINATION OF SOLUBLE AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SUSPENSIONS
OF PETROLEUM IN SEAWATER
Bean, R. M., and J. W. Blaylock. 1974.
In: 1974 Annual DBER Report, No. 1850-Pt. 2.
The goal of the work was to develop a rapid procedure for
determining the water-miscible hydrocarbon composition of
oil/water mixtures, particularly of the aromatic hydrocarbons.
Carbon tetrachloride was used in the method to extract the
filtered water samples and analysis of the individual hydro-
carbon components was performed using gas chromatography.
NONNUCLEAR EFFLUENTS: EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON MARINE
INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES
Bean, R. M., J. R. Vanderhorst, and R. Y. Ting. 1974.
1974 Annual DBER Report, No. 1850-Pt. 2.
Discussed are the combined chemical/biological treatment
methods developed by Battelle to study the impact of crude
petroleum on marine communities.
Information Source: R. M. Bean, Battelle Pacific Northwest
Laboratories, Battelle Blvd., Richland,
Washington 99352.
R-217-74
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM OILS, OIL DISPERSANTS, PETROCHEMICAL WASTES,
AND ASSOCIATED POLLUTANTS ON MARINE LIFE
Principal Investigator: Hegre, C. S.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Corvallis, Oregon
141
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Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 16 AAV 12
72P17877
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
The project is currently emphasizing studies of water-soluble
fractions of oils introduced into marine waters after oil-water
separation.
Reports and Publications
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURES TO HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
LaRoche, G. 1972.
Proceedings of the 1972 National Conference of Hazardous
Material Spills, p. 199-206.
The importance of short-term bioassays in identifying toxicol-
ogical responses is discussed. The need to detect subtle
damage, caused by pollutant concentrations in the environment,
which may impair the survival of a species, is stressed.
BIOASSAY PROCEDURES FOR OIL AND OIL DISPERSANT TOXICITY
EVALUATION
LaRoche, G., R. Eisler, and C. M. Tarzwell. 1970.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 42(11):1982-1989.
A method has been devised to test for relative 96-hour
toxicities of crude oils, oil-spill removers, and oil-dispersant
mixtures on a fish, Fundulus heteroclitus, a sand worm, Nereis
virens, and a grass shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris. The ease
of operation and versatility of the system is discussed.
STANDARD METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE TOXICITY OF
OIL DISPERSANTS AND MIXTURES OF DISPERSANTS AND VARIOUS OILS
TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Tarzwell, C. M.
Citation not given.
Standard methods for testing the relative toxicity of oil
dispersants and oil-dispersant mixtures are described for use
with fish (Pimephales promelas^ freshwater, and Fundulus
heteroclitus, salt water), larval oysters (Crassostrea
virginica) and brine shrimp (Artemia
142
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USING ARTEMIA TO ASSAY OIL DISPERSANT TOXICITIES
Zillioux, E. J., H. R. Foulk, J. C. Prager, and J. A. Cardin.
1973.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 45(11):2389-2396.
The use of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii as a bioassay
species for oil dispersant toxicity tests is described. All
conditions are standardized including the use of artificial
seawater.
Information Source: C. S. Hegre, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, National Marine Water Quality
Laboratory, South Ferry Rd., Narragansett,
Rhode Island 02882.
R-219-74
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY CRITERIA
Principal Investigator: London, S. A.
Performing Organization: U.S. Air Force Aerospace Medical Research
Laboratory, 6570 Wright Patterson A.F.B.,
Dayton, Ohio 45433
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Air Force,
No. DF312920
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
This work is not related to oil pollution.
Information Source: S. A. London, U.S. Air Force Aerospace Medical
Research Laboratory, 6570 Wright Patterson
A.F.B., Dayton, Ohio 45433.
R-221-74
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS ON ALASKA'S LIVING MARINE
RESOURCES
Principal Investigators: Merrell, T. R., R. T. Myren, R. Rice,
H. E. Bruce, H. Sears, C. R. Mattson
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Auke Bay
Fisheries Laboratory, P.O. Box 155,
Auke Bay, Alaska 99821
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National
Marine Fisheries Service, No. 720581
028180928
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: $250,000
143
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Ongoing research is being continued in three major areas:
(1) determining effects of logging on marine ecosystems;
(2) establishing baselines of intertidal organisms in Prince
William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska to evaluate effects of
oil development; and (3) determining effects of crude oil on
Alaskan organisms by means of laboratory bioassays.
Reports and Publications
EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: A REVIEW FOR
ADMINISTRATORS AND POLICY MAKERS
Evans, D. R., and S. D. Rice. 1974.
NOAA Fishery Bulletin 72(3):625-638.
A review of recent literature concerning the effects of oil on
marine ecosystems is given to provide an information source
for administrators and policy makers. Characteristics of
crude oil and the danger of chronic low-level pollution are
among the topics included.
EFFECTS OF PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL ON MOLTING TANNER CRABS,
CHIONOECETES BAIRDI
Karinen, J. F., and S. D. Rice. 1974.
MFR Paper 1074 from Marine Fisheries Review 36(7):31-37.
In laboratory tests, Prudhoe Bay crude oil was found to have
detrimental effects on premolt and postmolt juvenile male
Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdij. Estimated 48 hour TLM
(median tolerance limits) were 0.56 ml oil/liter for both
stages. With increasing oil exposure molting success decreased
and during oil exposure newly molted crabs autotomized limbs.
TOXICITY AND AVOIDANCE TESTS WITH PRUDHOE BAY OIL AND PINK
SALMON FRY
Rice, S. D. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
Oil Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C. p. 667-670.
Acute toxicity concentration levels were determined for
Prudhoe Bay crude oil on pink salmon fry in fresh-and salt
water. The observed 96-hour TLM values were lower for fry
in freshwater than salt water (88 mg oil/liter vs. 213 mg
oil/liter in June and 110 mg oil/liter in August). Older fry
were more susceptible to oil toxicity and were more sensitive
in their detection and avoidance of oil than younger fry.
144
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Information Source: T. R. Merrell, Jr., U.S. Department of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Auke Bay Fisheries Laboratory,
P.O. Box 155, Auke Bay, Alaska 99821.
R-223-74
DETERMINATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF OFF-SHORE PIPELINES
Principal Investigator: Morrison, D. L.
Performing Organization: Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King
Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43201
Supporting Agency: No formal support reported
Period: 1/73 to 12/73 Funds: Unknown
The third year of work on the project was being completed with a
completion date planned for the end of 1974. A report on this
project will be released sometime during the first half of 1975.
Reports
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF GAS PIPELINE OPERATIONS IN THE
LOUISIANA COASTAL MARSHES
McGinnis, J. T., R. A. Ewing, C. A. Willingham, S. E. Rogers,
D. H. Douglass, and D. L. Morrison. 1972.
Final Report to Offshore Pipeline Committee, December, 1972,
BatteHe, Columbus Laboratories.
The objective of the study was to provide an overview of the
broad environmental issues confronting the gas pipeline
industry in their efforts to traverse marshlands with pipelines
serving offshore Louisiana gas and oil leases. The emphasis
of the study was on the coastal marshes from the low water line
at the Gulf of Mexico to 20 to 40 miles inland to high ground.
Information Source: D. L. Morrison, Energy/Environmental Programs
Office, Battelle, Columbus Laboratories,
Columbus, Ohio 43201.
R-226-74
REMOTE SENSING - WATER AND LAND POLLUTION, BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC
DEGRADATION, ENERGY, BUDGET AND CULTURAL PRESSURES
Principal Investigator: Nelson, C. H.
Performing Organization: U.S. National Aeronautic and Space
Administration, Langley Research Center,
Hampton, Virginia 23365
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Aeronautics and Space Technical
Office, Langley Research Center No. 160-75-22
7370494
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
145
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The project conducted by the NASA Langley Research Center is
entitled "A Study of the Chemical Fate and Biological Consequences
of No. 2 Fuel Oil Spills in Seminatural Ecosystems." The study
is continuing with completion planned for January, 1976.
Reports and Publications
See Entry R-l74-74 for a list of publications.
Information Source: E. S. Love, Director for Space, National
Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
23665.
R-229-74
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON THE AQUATIC RESOURCES
Principal Investigators: Snyder, G. R., T. Blahm, J. Hughes,
R. Clark, and C. Sims
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle,
Washington 98102
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National
Marine Fisheries Service
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: $393,000
The project has been completed. Several more publications,
including a final report,are expected to be released.
Reports and Publications
INTERAGENCY INVESTIGATIONS OF A PERSISTENT OIL SPILL ON THE
WASHINGTON COAST
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
Oil Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C. p. 793-808.
The report describes the preliminary findings of a 10-month
investigation conducted by an interagency team of scientists
and engineers on the long-term effects of oil spilled by the
grounding of a troopship (General M. C. Meigs, 1972) on an
ocean coast,intertidal fauna! and floral community. The
study revealed that n-paraffin hydrocarbons were taken up by
the plants and animals. Several plant species and the urchin
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were seriously affected.
146
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PARAFFIN HYDROCARBON PATTERNS IN PETROLEUM POLLUTED MUSSELS
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1973.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 4(11):172-176.
The paper describes modern analytical techniques used to
detect hydrocarbons in marine organisms at extremely low
concentrations and to estimate the quantity of petroleum
pollution uptake in the organisms.
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS AND FOR
INTERPRETATION OF DATA TO ASSESS OIL SPILL EFFECTS IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
Oil Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C. p. 161-172.
The feasibility of using aquatic organisms which originally
contained biogenic paraffin hydrocarbons as indicators of
petroleum pollution is reported. The analytical technique
used to isolate and identify n-paraffin hydrocarbons from
plant, animal, and petroleum and sediment samples is described.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF OUTBOARD MOTOR EFFLUENT ON TWO MARINE SHELLFISH
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1974.
Environmental Science and Technology 8(12):1009-1014.
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) exposed to diluted two-cycle outboard
motor effluent in seawater displayed physiological stress,
degeneration of gill tissue, and uptake of paraffin hydro-
carbons from the effluent. Mussel response to the pollutant
was immediate and mortality was delayed significantly after
removal from the pollutant. Oysters (Ostrea ida) were less
affected by the pollutant.
TIDAL AQUARIUM FOR LABORATORY STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1974.
The Progressive Fish-Culturist 36(3) :134-137.
A laboratory test chamber for studying the effects of an oil
slick on intertidal organisms was constructed. The test
chamber simulated tidal conditions, was free from extraneous
147
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hydrocarbon contamination, and could hold a number of small
intertidal organisms for short-term (36 to 96 hours) bioassay
studies.
Information Source: G. C. Snyder, Environmental Conservation
Division, Northwest Fisheries Center, 2725
Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, Washington 98112.
R-230-74
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CONTAMINANTS - EFFECT OF ALTERATIONS IN
THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Stansby, M. E.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental
Conservation Division, Seattle,
Washington 98112
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine
Fisheries Service, No. FB 1100/2 818 A4
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $305,300
The project is a continuing one. Additional studies on effects
of oil pollution are included in a subtask entitled, "Contaminant
Effects on Vital Functions." Work was started in February, 1974,
to examine effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on chemosensory
systems and behavior of salmon, crabs, and shrimp.
Reports
PETROLEUM ABSORPTION AND RELEASE AND EFFECTS IN MARINE ORGANISMS
Stansby, M. E. 1974.
Presented at Marine Pollution Monitoring Symposium and Workshop,
Gaithersburg,Maryland, May 13-17, 1974.
Studies have been conducted exploring the manner in which
petroleum hydrocarbons are picked up, retained, and released
by marine organisms, especially at the cellular level. Using
carbon 14 radioisotopic and spin labeling techniques, it has
been determined that aromatic hydrocarbons preferentially
bind to cell surfaces and paraffinic hydrocarbons seek the
hydrophobic, lipid-rich cell membrane interior.
METHODS FOR 'ESTABLISHING LEVELS OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION IN
ORGANISMS AND SEDIMENT AS RELATED TO MARINE POLLUTION
MONITORING
Clark, R. C., Jr. 1974.
Presented at Marine Pollution Monitoring Symposium and
Workshop, Gaithersburg,Maryland, May 13-17, 1974.
148
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The accuracy of petroleum analyses of marine organisms is
discussed with special reference to background hydrocarbon
contamination in laboratory chemicals, solvents, and materials,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ISOLATING AND QUANTIFYING PETROLEUM
PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ORGANISMS
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1974.
Presented at Marine Pollution Monitoring Symposium and
Workshop, Gaithersburg,Maryland, May 13-17, 1974.
The use of normal paraffin hydrocarbons as tracers or
indicator compounds for petroleum pollution is discussed.
Information Source: N. L. Karrick, Environmental Conservation
Division, National Marine Fisheries Service,
Northwest Fisheries Center, 2725 Montlake
Blvd. East, Seattle, Washington 98112.
R-231-74
SURVEY OF SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ON BIOTA OF CHRONIC NATURAL EXPOSURE
TO OIL
Principal Investigator: Straughan, D.
Performing Organization: University of Southern California,
Allan Hancock Foundation, University
Park, Los Angeles, California 90007
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $251,500
Publications (Summaries not available)
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING BYSSUS THREAD PRODUCTION IN MYTILUS
EDULIS (MOLLUSCA BIVALVIA) LINNAEUS, 1758
Martella, T. 1974.
Water, Air and Soil Pollution 3(2):171-178.
FIELD SAMPLING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR MARINE ORGANISMS
AND SEDIMENTS
Straughan, D. 1974.
Presented 10C/WMO Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum)
Symposium and Workshop, National Bureau of Standards,
Gaithersburg, Maryland, May 13-17, 1974.
149
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INVESTIGATION OF OVICELL HYPERPLASIA IN BRYOZOANS CHRONICALLY
EXPOSED TO NATURAL OIL SEEPAGE
Straughan, D., and D. M. Lawrence. 1974.
Manuscript.
INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY IN THE RESPONSE OF MYTILUS
CALIFORNIANUS (BIVALVIA) TO CRUDE OIL
Kanter, R. 1975.
Manuscript.
THE ROLE OF SPACE AND TIME ON INTRAPOPULATION REPRODUCTIVE
VARIABILITY IN MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS (CONRAD)
Jessee, W. 1975.
Manuscript.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO OIL
Straughan, D. 1975.
Report to API in draft form.
Additional Publications
THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL: ECOLOGICAL CHANGES AND NATURAL
OIL LEAKS
Straughan, D., and B. C. Abbott. 1971.
Report on Seminar on Water Pollution by Oil Organized by the
Institute of Water Pollution Control, Aviemore, Scotland,
May, 1970. p. 257-262.
OIL POLLUTION AND WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES IN THE SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL
Straughan, D. 1971.
Transactions Thirty-Sixth North American Wildlife and Natural
Resources Conference, p. 219-229.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS RESULTING FROM THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL
Straughan, D. 1972.
Proceedings Navy Oil Spill Control Conference, May 1-4, 1972,
Washington, D.C. p. 179-192.
150
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BIOLOGY OF SEA MUSSELS (MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS CONRAD AND
M. EDULIS LINN.) BEFORE AND AFTER THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL
11969)
Straughan, D., and J. R. E. Harger. 1972.
Water, Air and Soil Pollution 1:381-388.
BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL OIL SPILL 1969-1970
Straughan, D. 1971.
2 Volumes. Pub. Allan Hancock Foundation.
A SUMMARY OF THE BENTHOS OFF SANTA BARBARA FOLLOWING THE
JANUARY 1969 OIL SPILL
Fauchald, K. 1972.
California Marine Resources Commission, CalCOFI Report 16:
125-129.
THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILLS IN PERSPECTIVE
Nicholson, N. L. 1972.
California Marine Resources Commission, CalCOFI Report 16:
130-149.
THE INFLUENCE OF OIL AND DETERGENTS ON RECOLONIZATION IN THE
UPPER INTERTIDAL ZONE
Straughan, D. 1971.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
Oil Spills, 15-17 June, 1971. p. 437-440.
EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO OIL ON MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS FROM
DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
Straughan, D., R. Kanter, and W. Jessee. 1971.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
Oil Spills, 15-17 June, 1971. p. 437-440.
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CRUDE OIL WITH RESPECT TO SIZE, SEASON AND
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION IN MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS (BIVALVIA)
Kanter, R. 1974.
University of Southern California, Sea Grant Program USC-SG-4-74,
Los Angeles, California. 43 p.
151
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INTERTIDAL MACROBIOLOGY OF SELECTED SANDY BEACHES IN
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Patterson, M. 1975.
University of Southern California, Sea Grant Program USC-SG-74.
Los Angeles, California. 41 p.
A REINVESTIGATION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ROCKY INTERTIDAL
BEACHES THREE AND ONE-HALF YEARS AFTER THE 1969 SANTA BARBARA
OIL SPILL: A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Straughan, D., R. Cimberg, and S. Mann. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
Oil Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C. p. 697-702.
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL
Straughan, D. 1973.
In: Santa Barbara Channel Revisited, AAPG Trip 3, 1973.
Annual Meeting AAPG-SEPM-SEG. p. 4-16.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL (JANUARY-FEBRUARY,
1969) ON THE INTERTIDAL DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE ORGANISMS
Straughan, D. 1973.
Report presented to the Western Oil and Gas Association.
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL IN UPPER TIDAL ZONE
Straughan, D. 1974.
(Report in Press)
Information Source: Dale Straughan, University of Southern
California, Allan Hancock Foundation,
University Park, Los Angeles, California
90007.
R-233-74
ECOLOGICAL CYCLING OF PETROLEUM DERIVATIVES
Principal Investigators: Turner, M. R., R. L. Ferguson, and
D. A. Wolfe
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Atlantic
Estuarine Fisheries Center, Beaufort,
North Carolina 28516
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National
Marine Fisheries Service, No. R8110303
152
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Period: 7/72 to 6/73
Funds: $37,200
This project was cancelled in June, 1973. At that time, the
project was still in developmental stages and only preliminary
data had been obtained.
Information Source:
D. A. Wolfe, Division of Ecology, National
Marine Fisheries Service, Atlantic Estuarine
Fisheries Center, Beaufort, North Carolina
28516
R-235-74
ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF OIL AND OIL DISPERSANTS ON FISH,
SHELLFISH AND OTHER MARINE RESOURCES
Principal Investigator: Wood, P. C.
Performing Organization: Ministry of Agriculture, Burnham on
Crouch, England
Supporting Agency: United Kingdom Government
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
Work related to this topic is still underway under a project
entitled, "The Toxicity of Oils, Oil Dispersants and Mixtures."
The toxicity of new oil dispersant formulations is being assessed
using standard toxicity tests. Research is also underway on the
toxicity of selected oils and oil dispersant components, the
latter in an attempt to identify the most toxic components. New
toxicity testing methods and techniques for use with oil and
dispersants are being developed. The work is being done in
cooperation with the Warren Spring Laboratory which is concerned
with the efficiency of oil cleanup methods.
Reports and Publications
THE DONA MARIKA OIL SPILL
Blackman, R. A. A., J. M. Baker, J. Jelly, and S. Reynard.
1973.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 4(12):181-183.
Information is presented on the damage caused by 3,000 tons of
gasoline which was spilled when the tanker Dona Marika ran
aground near Wales. The fauna of Lindsay was adversely
affected, although there appeared to be no accumulation of
lead in the waters or gasoline on the rocks one week after the
spill occurrence.
FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE TOXICITY OF OIL AND DISPERSANTS
Connor, P. M. 1972.
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Fisheries
Improvement Committee, C. M. 1972/E:14.
153
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An apparatus to test the toxicity of suspensions of oils and
oil-dispersant mixtures was constructed. The toxicity of a
low toxicity, high efficiency oil dispersant BP 1100X was
found to be greater when kept in suspension versus standard
static testing. Also crude oil and topped crude oil were
found to increase the toxicity of suspended BP 1100X.
THE TOXICITY OF SEVERAL OIL-SPILL REMOVERS TO SOME SPECIES OF
FISH AND SHELLFISH
Portmann, J. E., and P. M. Connor. 1968.
Marine Biology l(4):322-329.
The toxicity of 12 oil-spill removers and detergents (known as
solvent emulsifiers) on four marine shellfish species were
examined. The solvent emulsifiers were found to be highly
toxic to marine organisms and, if used in certain areas, could
cause high mortalities. The solvent fraction of the materials
was determined to be the portion responsible for the toxicity.
Toxicity of the solvent emulsifiers to marine animals decreased
with time, due to evaporation.
TOXICITY TESTING FOR RANKING OILS AND OIL DISPERSANTS
Wilson, K. W.
Citation unknown
Some of the factors to be considered in establishing a standard
technique of toxicity testing for ranking oil dispersants are
discussed.
THE TOXICITY TESTING OF OILS AND DISPERSANTS: A EUROPEAN VIEW
Wilson, K. W., E. B. Cowell, L. R. Beynon. 1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
Oil Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C. p. 255-261.
The European approach to the objectives and problems of testing
the toxicity of hydrocarbons and dispersants is reviewed.
The aims of the toxicity test are given, and toxicity ranking
tests and ecological damage prediction tests are compared and
discussed.
Information Source: I. C. White, Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory,
Remembrance Ave., Burnham on Crouch, Essex,
England.
154
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2. PHYSICAL EFFECTS
R-l25-74
UTILIZATION OF A TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
OIL AND GAS OPERATIONS
Principal Investigators: Kash, D. E., and I. L. White
Performing Organization: University of Oklahoma, Graduate School,
Norman, Oklahoma 73069
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Research
Applications Direct., No. GI-29942 A#3
Period: 12/73 to 9/74 Funds: $38,600
The study under Grant GI-29942 was completed and the book, Energy
Under the Oceans: A Technology Assessment of Outer Continental
Shelf Oil and Gas Operation, was published by the University of
Oklahoma Press, September, 1973.
Publications
ENERGY UNDER THE OCEANS: A SUMMARY REPORT OF A TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT OF OCS OIL AND GAS OPERATIONS
University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma. 1973.
A 20-month study was conducted in which the Technology
Assessment Group of the Science and Public Policy Program at
the University of Oklahoma assessed the social impacts and
public policy issues related to OCS technologies, management
and regulations. As a result of the study, the Group recom-
mended changes in government policy and administration,
industry management, and technologies to make OCS development
safer and less environmentally threatening. The recommendations
are discussed.
Information Source: D. E. Kash, Science and Public Policy Program,
University of Oklahoma, 601 Elm Ave., Norman,
Oklahoma 73069.
R-127-74
A STUDY OF THE HYDROGRAPHY AND WIND-INDUCED CURRENTS IN EASTERN
PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
Principal Investigator: Muench, R.
Performing Organization: University of Alaska, Institute of
Marine Sciences, College, Alaska 99735
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
Office No. 1-36109
Period: 9/72 to 8/73 Funds: $51,600
155
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A report on the physical oceanographic data obtained in Prince
William Sound during 1971-1974 is presently in its final stages of
preparation. The report will be submitted to the University
of Alaska Sea Grant Program and will eventually be made available
through NTIS or as a Sea Grant report. An M.S. thesis should
result from this work by summer, 1975.
Information Source: R. D. Muench, Institute of Marine Science,
Physical Oceanography, University of Alaska,
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701.
156
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3. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
R-237-74
EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION ON FISH EATING QUALITIES
Principal Investigator: Wood, P. C.
Performing Organization: Ministry of Agriculture, Burnham on
Crouch, England
Supporting Agency: United Kingdom Government
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
The work has been discontinued. Any similar work in the future
will be carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food Laboratory, Torry Research Station, Aberdeen.
Information Source: I. C. White, Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory,
Remembrance Ave., Burnham on Crouch, Essex,
England.
157
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4. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-238-74
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
ON GEORGES BANK
Principal Investigator: Knebel, H. J.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Geological Survey, Woods Hole,
Massachusetts 02543
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological
Survey, Geological Division, No. 9810-00973
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
Rejgorts and Publications
MOVEMENT AND EFFECTS OF SPILLED OIL OVER THE OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF - INADEQUACY OF EXISTENT DATA FOR THE BALTIMORE CANYON
TROUGH AREA
Knebel, H. J. 1974.
Geological Survey Circular 702. 17 p.
A deductive approach is used in an effort to determine and
predict the movement and effects of spilled oil. While some
factors that determine oil movement are adequately known
(i.e. variations in the water's thermohaline structure and
suspended matter distribution), other factors (i.e. insufficient
wind and storm statistics and lack of quantitative understanding
of the relationship between nontidal drift and its driving
mechanisms) make spill movements and predictions unreliable.
RESPONSIBILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS OF THE U.S.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE BALTIMORE CANYON TROUGH AREA
Knebel, H. J., and N. Hardin. 1974.
Proceedings of the Outer Continental Shelf Conference and
Workshop on Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil
and Gas Development in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the
Mid-Atlantic Coast, College Park, Maryland, December 2-4, 1974.
The responsibilities of the U.S. Geological Survey as they are
related to the continental shelf are summarized. Past and
present UCGS studies in the Baltimore Canyon Trough are
outlined.
Information Source: H. J. Knebel, U.S. Department of the Interior,
Geological Survey, Office of Marine Geology,
Bldg. B, Quissett Campus, Woods Hole,
Massachusetts 02543.
158
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D. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
1. OIL HANDLING
R-l37-74
MARAD OILY WASTE STUDY 2-3602
Principal Investigators: Fruh, S. M., and R. R. Bertrand
Performing Organization: Esso Research and Engineering Co.,
Linden, New Jersey 07036
Supporting Agency: Frederic R. Harris, Inc.
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
The Mar Ad-sponsored study entitled, "Port Collection and
Separation Facilities for Oily Wastes," has been completed.
To date, five volumes of findings have been published and
are available through the National Technical Information
Service (Accession No. COM-73-11967).
Reports
PORT COLLECTION AND SEPARATION FACILITIES FOR OILY WASTES:
VOLUME 5. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM
PLANS FOR THE SURVEYED PORTS UNDER THE 'NO DISCHARGE1,
'1969 AMENDMENTS' AND 'NO SHEEN1 CRITERIA
Forster, R. L., et al. 1973.
NTIS Report COM-74-10012/4WP Vol. 5, 470 p.
The report identifies the different wastes that are brought
into selected ports by military shipping and provides
estimates of waste quantities in the seas for 1975 and 1980.
Designs for oil waste-handling facilities are presented and
the roles of government and impact of shipping are evaluated.
Information Source: S. M. Fruh, Government Research Laboratory,
Exxon Research and Engineering Company,
P.O. Box 8, Linden, New Jersey 07036.
R-242-74
A STUDY ON PORT COLLECTION AND SEPARATION FACILITIES FOR OILY
WASTE
Principal Investigator: Moyer, E.
Performing Organization: Frederick R. Harris, Inc., New York,
New York 10017
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime
Administration No. 035933
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: $645,393
159
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Reports
PORT COLLECTION AND SEPARATION FACILITIES FOR OILY WASTES,
VOLUME V
Forster, R. L., J. E. Moyer, and C. G. Papacosta. 1973.
Final Report to Supporting Agency 6/1/73 to 8/31/73.
Report No. MA-RD-900-74010
Identifications were made of types of oil wastes brought into
selected ports by non-military shipping. Quantity estimates
as they related to different (present and future) environmental
laws were made. Conceptual designs with cost analysis were
devised for oil waste handling and treatment in these selected
ports. Governmental roles, shipping impact, and entrepreneurial
viability were discussed.
Information Source: Frederick R. Harris, Inc., Consulting
Engineers, 300 East 42nd St., New York,
New York 10017.
160
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2. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
R-156-74
ULTRAFILTRATION CONCEPT
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Abcor Incorporated, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast
Guard, Contract No. 025449
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
As a result of the research study, a 10 gpm system has been built
and is presently undergoing preliminary shake-down tests.
Information Source: A. Gollan, Environmental Technology and
Development, Walden Research Division of
Abcor, Inc., 201 Vassar St., Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139.
161
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3. RESEARCH
R-158-74
JOINT EPA-API COAST GUARD CONFERENCE ON PREVENTION AND CONTROL
OF OIL SPILLS
Principal Investigator: Gould, J. R.
Performing Organization: American Petroleum Institute, Washington,
D.C. 20006
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development No,. 800597,
72P15971
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
The conference was held in 1973 and the project is completed. The
"Proceedings" of this conference is available from the American
Petroleum Institute's Publications Section as publication No. 4172
($15.00 per copy).
Information Source: J. R. Gould, Division of Environmental Affairs,
American Petroleum Institute, 1801 K Street,
Northwest, Washington, D.C. 20006.
R-l63-74
SURFACE WATER MOVEMENTS IN NEW YORK HARBOR
Principal Investigator: Tyler, J.
Performing Organization: Long Island University, Graduate School,
Greenvale, New York 11548
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast
Guard, Contract 038155
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
Reports
A TECHNIQUE FOR PREDICTING THE MOVEMENT OF OIL SPILLS IN
NEW YORK HARBOR
Lissauer, I. M. 1974.
Final Report, No. CER/DC-8/74, USCG-D-6-75. 59 p.
The following topics are reviewed in the report: New York
Harbor experiments, factors determining the movement of oil
spills, and potential oil pollution sites - Upper New York
Bay.
162
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A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF OIL SPREADING AND TRANSPORT
AND ITS APPLICATION FOR PREDICTING OIL SLICK MOVEMENT IN BAYS
Wang, S., L-S. Hwang. 1974.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-22-75. NTIS Report AD-780 424/8WP.
115 p.
The paper reports the development of a computer model for
simulating oil spreading and transport at the air-water
interface. The model, able to predict the size, shape and
movement of oil as a function of time after a spill originates,
is a useful tool in directing effective control and cleanup
activities once an oil spill occurs.
WIND DRIFT SURFACE CURRENTS AND SPREAD OF CONTAMINANTS IN
SHELF WATERS
Gordon, A. L., and R. D. Gerard. 1973.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-5-75, Contract DOT-CG-23339-A. 65 p.
Oil spilt on the sea responds to the basic velocity field
of the upper few meters of water. In an effort to better
understand the fate and behavior of oil pollution, experiments
were conducted from July, 1972 to February, 1973, to study
the velocity field in the upper few meters of the water column
in the area of Ambrose Tower. Methods used in the study are
given.
Information Source: S. Broida , address unknown.
163
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E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION
R-062-74
BIOLOGICAL COUNTERMEASURES TO MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS
MATERIAL SPILLS
Principal Investigators: Armstrong, N., and T. H. Roush
Performing Organization: University of Texas, School of Engineering,
Austin, Texas 78712
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 72P20581
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: $85,390
The project is approximately 50% completed and is due to end
February, 1976. Progress reports have been submitted to the
granting agency and one paper has been presented at the 1974
National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills.
Reports
BIOLOGICAL COUNTERMEASURES FOR THE MITIGATION OF HAZARDOUS
MATERIAL SPILLS
Armstrong, N. E., 0. Wyss, E. F. Gloyna, and V. C. Behn.
1974.
Presented at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, August,
1974, San Francisco.
The objective of the study is to investigate the feasibility
of using microbiological processes to mitigate hazardous
material spills in water courses. Conclusions drawn from
the early stages of the work indicate that biological counter-
measures are potential countermeasures because of the following:
effectiveness of microorganisms in removing certain hazardous
spills, the existence of microorganisms which attack a variety
of hazardous materials, the feasibility of deploying micro-
organisms in situ, and previous use of microorganisms to
degrade oil in oil spills and treat industrial wastes.
Information Source: N. E. Armstrong, College of Engineering,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin,
Texas 78712.
164
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R-073-74
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS AS NUTRIENTS LIMITING BIODEGRADATION
Principal Investigator: Brock, T. D.
Performing Organization: University of Wisconsin, School of
Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of
Water Resource Research, No. A-054-WIS
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $2,500
The project is an ongoing one with several publications resulting
from the study. Research has been concerned with nutrient
limitation of oil biodegradation in 25 oligotrophic lakes in
northern Wisconsin. It has been found that, despite the presence
of oil-degrading microorganisms in these systems, rates of hydro-
carbon metabolism are severely nutrient limited.
Reports and Publications
TEMPERATURE AND NUTRIENT LIMITATION OF OIL BIODEGRADATION IN
LAKE MENDOTA, WISCONSIN
Ward, D., and T. D. Brock
Summary of work completed.
In studies determining the rate at which microorganisms
indigenous to surface waters of Lake Mendota were able to
degrade oil, results indicated that the rate of oil degradation
varied seasonally due to limitation by low temperature in
spring and fall, and low nutrient availability during mid-
summer. Maximal oil degradation rates of microorganisms
existed for about one month in late spring of the year.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF OIL-DEGRADING BACTERIA IN
THE SURFACE WATERS OF LAKE MENDOTA, WISCONSIN
Ward, D. M. 1973.
M.S. Thesis, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin,
Summary not available.
TEMPERATURE AND NUTRIENT LIMITATION OF OIL BIODEGRADATION IN
LAKE MENDOTA, WISCONSIN
Ward, D. M., and T. D. Brock. 1974.
American Society of Microbiology, Proceedings.
Summary not available.
165
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FACTORS AFFECTING SEASONAL VARIATION IN OIL BIODEGRADATION
RATES IN LAKE MENDOTA, WISCONSIN
Ward, D. M., and T. D. Brock. 1974.
Presented at 37th Annual Meeting of the American Society of
Limnology and Oceanography, June 23-27, 1974.
Summary not available.
Information Source: D. Ward, Department of Bacteriology,
University of Wisconsin, 1550 Linden Dr.,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
R-080-74
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Col well, R. R.
Performing Organization: University of Maryland, School of
Agriculture, College Park, Maryland 20742
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy, DN 223667,
Contract N-0014-67-A-0239-0027
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $29,175
The project is currently active with several publications resulting
from the study.
Reports and Publications
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Colwell, R. R., J. Walker, and J. Robinson. 1973.
Progress Report to Office of Naval Research, ONR Report
ACR-189.
Marine and estuarine bacteria capable of utilizing hydrocarbons
are being investigated, their seasonal distributions in
Chesapeake Bay analyzed, and their petroleum degrading isolates
identified and classified. Fungal isolates are also being1
identified. Other areas of study include bacterial taxonomy,
ultrastructure, chemical composition and reaction to pressure.
MICROBIAL MOBILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS IN ESTUARIES
Colwell, R. R., J. D. Nelson, and J. D. Walker. 1974.
Second International Estuarine Research Conference, Myrtle
Beach, South Carolina (in press).
Summary not available.
166
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GROWTH OF DEEP-SEA BACTERIA ON A PETROLEUM-BASED MEDIUM AT
AMBIENT AND JN. SITU PRESSURE
Schwarz, J. R., 0. D. Walker, and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Development in Industrial Microbiology 15:239-249.
Summary not available.
DEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS AND "MODEL PETROLEUM" BY MICRO-
ORGANISMS FROM CHESAPEAKE BAY
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Seventh International Conference on Water Pollution Research,
Paris, France. Advanced Water Pollution Research. (In Press)
Summary not available.
MERCURY-RESISTANT BACTERIA AND PETROLEUM DEGRADATION
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Applied Microbiology 27(1):285-287.
Oil extracted from water and sediment samples from Colgate
Creek, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, contained high levels of
mercury. Mercury-resistant bacteria in the samples were
able to degrade the oil to a significant degree.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF MODEL PETROLEUM AT LOW TEMPERATURES
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Journal of Microbial Ecology 1:59-91.
Summary not available.
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF PETROLEUM UTILIZATION IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell.
No citation given.
The numbers of petroleum degrading microorganisms measured
in petroleum polluted and non-polluted waters appeared to
be related to the concentration of oil present.
167
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MICROBIAL PETROLEUM DEGRADATION: USE OF MIXED HYDROCARBON
SUBSTRATES
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Applied Microbiology 27(6):1053-1060.
The microbial degradation potential for microorganisms is
evaluated using gas-liquid chromatography on a mixed hydro-
carbon substrate (SAE non-detergent motor oil). Other methods
of determining the extent of microbial degradation of hydro-
carbons are discussed.
EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS FROM OIL-CONTAMINATED
SEDIMENTS
Walker, J. D., R. R. Colwell, M. C. Hamming, and H. T. Ford.
1974.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (In
Press)
Summary not available.
OTHER FACTORS DETERMINING LIFE EXPECTANCY OF MICROORGANISMS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Walker, J. D., and L. G. Guarraia. 1974.
International Symposium on Discharge of Sewage from Sea Outfalls,
London, England. (In Press)
Summary not available.
Abstracts (Summaries not available)
MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN THE ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM
Colwell, R. R., J. F. Carney, T. Kaneko, J. D. Nelson, and
J. D. Walker. 1974.
First Intersectional Congress of International Association of
Microbiological Societies, Tokyo, Japan.
GROWTH OF DEEP-SEA BACTERIA ON A PETROLEUM-BASED MEDIUM AT
AMBIENT AND LN_ SITU PRESSURE
Schwarz, J. R., J. D. Walker, and R. R. Colwell. 1973.
Society of Industrial Microbiology Newsletter 23(4):16.
168
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HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION BY OCEAN SEDIMENT BACTERIA
Walker, J. D., 0. J. Calomiris, and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Abstracts of Annual Meeting of the American Society of
Microbiology, Chicago, Illinois, p. 64.
Information Source:
R. R. Colwell, Division of Agricultural
Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology,
University of Maryland, College Park,
Maryland 20742.
R-084-74
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Fair, J.
Performing Organization: Houston Research Incorporated, Houston,
Texas 77012
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy DN223520,
Contract N00014-72-C-0471
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: $48,949
The projects for the Office of Naval Research have been completed.
Reports
THE BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS
Fair, J. F. 1971.
Final Report, HR Project No. 7140
Work was initiated to determine the feasibility of using cell-
free bacterial extracts for emulsifying and oxidizing petroleum
hydrocarbons. The results of oxygen-uptake studies and total
organic carbon analyses have indicated that cell-free extracts
have greater emulsifying and oxidative effects than intact
microbial cells.
BIODEGRADATION OF OIL
Sedita, S. J. 1973.
Technical Report
The study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using
partially disrupted microorganisms in conjunction with intact
cells to increase the oxidative degradation of hydrocarbons.
Various combinations of organisms were tested to find cultures
which were effective in degrading Bunker C residual fuel oil.
Information Source:
J. H. Russell, Houston Research, Inc.,
South Loop East, Houston, Texas 77012.
169
7705
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R-086-74
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: ENZYMATIC REMOVAL OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Friede, J. D.
Specialty: Biology
Performing Organization: Villanova University, School of Liberal
Arts, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy DN223772,
Contract N00014-73-C-0186
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $15,000
The Navy project was just completed, with the contract period
ending October 31, 1974.
Reports
THE ISOLATION AND CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
MICROBIAL EMULSIFYING AGENTS FOR HYDROCARBONS
Friede, J. D. 1974.
Final Report, November 1, 1972 - October, 1974, to Office of
Naval Research. Contract No. N00014-73-C-0186, Project No.
NR 306-089.
Several techniques for partial fractionating were used on the
emulsifying agents produced by two Candida strains and one
Pseudomonas strain. Various difficulties were encountered
obtaining samples from the Candida strains; however, two of
the components obtained from Pseudomonas appeared to be
relatively simple in composition. Emulsifying agent production
did not appear to be a specific response and it was concluded
that emulsifiers might be fragments of overproduced cell
components or fragments extracted from the cell by hydrocarbons.
Information Source: J. D. Friede, Villanova University, Villanova,
Pennsylvania 19085.
R-216-74
THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Principal Investigator: Gibson, D. T.
Microbiology
Performing Organization: University of Texas, School of Natural
Sciences, Austin, Texas 78712
Supporting Agency: Robert A. Welch Foundation
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $15,000
170
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Reports and Publications
BACTERIAL METABOLISM OF PARA- AND META-XYLENE: OXIDATION OF
A METHYL SUBSTITUTE
Davey, J. F.5 and D. T. Gibson. 1975.
Journal of Bacteriology 119(3):923-929.
The isolation and identification of 3- and 4-methylcatechol
as intermediates in the bacterial (Pseudomonas gxy) degradation
of m- and jD-xylene, respectively, are described.
THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Gibson, D. T. 1974.
Annual Report No. 1, Office of Naval Research, Contract
N00014-67-A-0126-0020. Task No. NR 306-054. 63 p.
Efforts to investigate the mechanisms utilized by soil
bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) to oxidize ortho-, meta- and
para-xylene are described.
INITIAL REACTIONS IN THE OXIDATION OF ETHYLBENZENE BY
PSEUDOMONAS PUTI DA
Gibson, D. T., B. Gschwendt, W. K. Yeh, and V. M. Kobal. 1973.
Biochemistry 12(8):1520-1528.
Oxygenation of ethylbenzene is reported to occur at positions
2 and 3 of the aromatic nucleus in an analogous manner to that
reported for toluene and its parahalogenated derivatives.
Also described is the minor metabolic pathway involving initial
oxidation of the side chain.
BACTERIAL METABOLISM OF PARA- AND META-XYLENE: OXIDATION OF
THE AROMATIC RING
Gibson, D. T., V. Mahadevan, and J. F. Davey. 1974.
Journal of Bacteriology 119(3):930-936.
Described are the isolation and identification of the initial
oxidation products formed from JD- and m-xylene by Pseudomonas
putida 39/D, a mutant strain known to oxidize several different
aromatic hydrocarbons to cis-dihydrodiols.
Information Source: D. T. Gibson, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712.
171
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2. GENERAL
R-l60-74
FATE OF OIL IN A WATER ENVIRONMENT - A REVIEW, EVALUATION AND
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE
Principal Investigator: Kolpack, R. L.
Performing Organization: University of Southern California,
Graduate School, Los Angeles,
California 90007
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $100,000
The project is in the second phase of development and no
publications are presently available.
Information Source: R. L. Kolpack, University of Southern
California, Environmental Geology Program,
Los Angeles, California 90007.
172
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F. LEGAL ASPECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
R-244-74
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Environmental Defense Fund, Riverhead, New
York
Supporting Agency: Ford Foundation
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
The Environmental Defense Fund is a small coalition of lawyers and
scientists who seek the enforcement of environmental protection laws
and regulations through court action based on scientific research.
The Defense Fund has not been involved in any cases involving oil
spill events nor produced any oil pollution research.
Information Source: N. H. Watson, Environmental Defense Fund,
162 Old Town Road, East Setauket, New York 11733.
173
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SECTION III. CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. MONITORING
R-245-74
FATE, SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM DERIVED
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Principal Investigator: Anderson, J. W.
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University System,
Center for Marine Resources, College
Station, Texas 77843
Supporting Agency: IDOE
Period: 3/73 to 2/75 Funds: $103,000
The study's objective is to determine levels of light hydro-
carbons in the ocean and coastal zone and relate them to
petroleum inputs from harbor and Gulf oil operations. The
toxic effects of a range of specific hydrocarbons on selected
marine and estuarine organisms will also be studied.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Information Source: Author.
R-246-74
MONITORING CONTAMINANTS (PESTICIDES, HERBICIDES, HEAVY METALS)
IN FRESHWATER AND MARINE FISHES OF ALASKA
Principal Investigators: Merrell, T. R., and H. Sears
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Auke Bay
Fisheries Laboratory, P.O. Box 155,
Auke Bay, Alaska 99821
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Marine Fisheries Service, No. 28189072
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: $38,000
The aim of the study is to monitor contaminant levels in Alaskan
fishes. As a part of the research effort, areas having natural
oil seeps have been catalogued through consultation and literature
surveys.
SSIE No.: ZBP-401.
174
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2. REMOTE SENSING
R-010-74 (Renewal)
OIL SPILL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Eldering, H. G.
Performing Organization: Baird Atomic Incorporated, Bedford,
Massachusetts
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 68-01-0146.
Contract 72P20868
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The project proposes to develop a prototype fluorescence oil
spill surveillance instrument based on fluorescence excitation/
emission signatures and emission efficiency data on model oils.
SSIE No.: GMA-1630-2.
175
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3. ANALYSIS
R-247-74
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANT TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION ON THE SEA SURFACE
Principal Investigator: Duce, R. A.
Oceanography
Performing Organization: University of Rhode Island, School of
Oceanography, Administration Building,
Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division
of National and International Programs
Period: 2/75 to 1/76 Funds: $154,550
Atmospheric samples and seawater samples from the surface micro-
layer from areas near Bermuda, Hawaii and American Samoa will
be analyzed for heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons and
chlorinated hydrocarbons in an effort to measure atmospheric
transport of pollutants to open ocean surfaces.
SSIE No.: GSN-949-3.
R-026-74 (Renewal)
THE FEASIBILITY OF IDENTIFYING MYSTERY OIL SPILLS
Principal Investigator: Hunt, G. S.
Performing Organization: State Department of Environmental
Protection, Augusta, Maine
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, No. 801006
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
A feasibility study is being conducted to determine whether oil
spilled in coastal and inland waters can be identified. Samples
of spills will be compared chemically and physically with oil
samples taken from ships (oil from ships sampled in accordance
with the State of Maine's Oil Conveyance Law).
SSIE No.: GMA-1646-2.
R-248-74
STUDY TO CONDUCT A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF NONPOINT POLLUTION
Principal Investigators: McElroy, A. D., 0. W. Nelogen, and
S. Y. Chiu
Performing Organization: Midwest Research Institute, 425 Volker
Blvd., Kansas City, Missouri 64110
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development
176
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A quantitative nation-wide assessment of nonpoint pollution
from various significant sources will be compiled. Oil is
included in the pollutants to be studied.
SSIE No.: GMA-1834.
R-249-74
EXTRACTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM NATURAL WATERS
Principal Investigators: Wasik, S. P., and R. N. Boyd
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
20234
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau
of Standards, Washington, D.C., No. 3160141
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $35,000
An analytical method has been developed for the determination of
hydrocarbons in the marine environment. This technique will
facilitate determination of solubilities and partition coefficients
of hydrocarbons in natural waters, sediments, fish slime and
plankton.
SSIE No.: ZBA-6173.
R-250-74
ANALYTICAL PHYSICAL MODEL
Principal Investigator: White, F. M.
Ocean Engineering
Performing Organization: University of Rhode Island, School of
Engineering, Administration Building,
Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
.and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
' Office
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $7,315
The objectives of the project for 1974-75 are: to extend a new
finite element model to prediction of pollutant diffusion in
Narragansett Bay, and to continue efforts to develop a new model
of sediment transport in coastal waters. Simulation of oil-spill
movements in the Bay was one of the previous applications of
analytical physical models.
SSIE No.: GBP-49-4.
177
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B. OIL POLLUTION CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
R-251-74
WAVE EFFECTS ON THE CONTAINMENT AND COLLECTION OF OIL SLICKS
Principal Investigator: Milgram, J. H.
Performing Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
School of Engineering, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Divison of
Engineering, Eng 72-03943 A03
Period: 10/74 to 3/76 Funds: $44,300
Research areas of a study on fluid dynamics of oil slicks include
the following: low turbulence flume construction; the effects
of waterwaves on oil slick transport and barrier contained oil
slick geometry in a current; and barrier contained oil slick
interfacial stability in a current.
SSIE No.: GSE-4654-1.
178
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
R-054-74 (Renewal)
JOINT API-EPA-USCG CONFERENCE ON PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF OIL
SPILLAGE
Principal Investigator: Gould, J. R.
Performing Organization: American Petroleum Institute, Washington,
D.C. 20006
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 800597,
72P19571
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
A three-day conference is to be convened to deal with the following:
prevention, containment, harvesting, cleanup, and fate and behavior
of oil in water.
SSIE No.: GMA-1666-2.
R-252-74
OIL SKIMMING
Principal Investigators: Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt
Performing Organization: Standard Oil Co. of Indiana, 200 E.
Randolph Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60601
Supporting Agency: Standard Oil Co. of Indiana
Period: 1/74 to 1/75 Funds: Unknown
A special vortex generator which collects oil on the surface of
water is being used in a project to provide improved collecting
and skimming methods for oil recovery. A prototype has been
constructed.
SSIE No.: AW-540.
R-253-74
PHASE REMOVAL PROCESS
Principal Investigators: Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt
Performing Organization: Standard Oil Co. of Indiana, 200 E.
Randolph Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60601
Supporting Agency: Standard Oil Co. of Indiana
Period: 1/74 to 1/75 Funds: Unknown
A proprietary apparatus, incorporating a novel design and
providing improved oil and solid separation from water, is being
investigated. The apparatus has been constructed.
SSIE No.: AW-538.
179
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R-254-74
DEMONSTRATION OF NEW OIL SPILL REMOVAL EQUIPMENT
Principal Investigator: Trentacoste, N. P.
Performing Organization: JRB Associates Incorporated, 1701 N.
Fort Myer Dr., Arlington, Virginia
22209
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 68-03-0327,
Contract 72P21699
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
A method of picking up oil on water is being developed in which
a directed air jet is used to create an oil/water spray. The
spray is directed toward a rotating belt of hydrophobic, oleo-
philic polyurethane foam from which the oil is squeezed.
SSIE No.: GMA-1721-1.
R-254-74
TEST AND EVALUATION PROGRAM OF A NOVEL HIGH VELOCITY OIL SLICK
SKIMMER
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Hydronautics Incorporated, 7210 Pindell
School Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20810
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast
Guard
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $21,460
An evaluation program is being conducted on a novel high velocity
oil slick skimmer developed by Hydronautics.
SSIE No.: GZ-48617.
180
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL
R-255-74
FIELD STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Principal Investigator: Anderson, J. W.
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University System, Center
for Marine Resources, College Station,
Texas 77843
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute
Period: 3/74 to 12/75 Funds: $234,000
The chronic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms
have been studied, and an additional phase of research will be
conducted to determine the effects of contamination on organism
populations at various distances from a contamination source in
Galveston Bay. Water, sediment and tissue samples will be
carefully analyzed for hydrocarbon characteristics.
Information Source: Author.
R-256-74
AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL STUDIES IN MACKENZIE-PORCUPINE RIVER WATERSHED
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GAS AND OIL PIPELINE DEVELOPMENT
Principal Investigators: Brunskill, G., R. Wageman, N. B. Snow,
and D. M. Rosenberg
Performing Organization: Canadian Department of the Environment,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Supporting Agency: Canadian Government, Department of the
Environment
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
"To assist the Federal Government in assessing application for
pipeline, effects of highway, and other pipeline related con-
struction and operation; to assess ranges of variation of benthic
organism abundances, biomasses, and productivity; to assess ranges
of variation of physical and chemical parameters that influence
the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms."
SSIE No.: AK-69-3.
181
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R-257-74
BENTHIC BIOLOGY OF PORT VALDEZ
Principal Investigators: Feder, H. M., and G. Mueller
Performing Organization: University of Alaska, Institute of
Marine Sciences, Fairbanks, Alaska
99701
Supporting Agency: University of Alaska
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
"Baseline data on benthic biology"
SSIE No.: AW-795.
R-085-74 (Renewal)
THE SEDIMENT ENVIRONMENT OF PORT VALDEZ AND GALENA BAY, ALASKA
AND THE EFFECT OF OIL ON THIS ECOSYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Feder, H. M.
Performing Organization: University of Alaska, School of
Biological Sciences, College, Alaska
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 800944,
72P00621
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The project proposes to obtain baseline information concerning
the mudflat ecosystems of Port Valdez and Galena Bay by studying
the biological, physical, and chemical characteristics of the
sediments. The effects of Prudhoe Bay crude oil on these
parameters will then be examined.
Physical effects of oil pollution
Chemical effects of oil pollution
SSIE No.: GMA-1548-2.
R-258-74
MICROCONSTITUENT
Principal Investigators:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency: U.S.
Knobl, G. M., B. R. Still ings, and
M. A. Steinberg
U.S. Department of Commerce, Fisheries
Production Technical Laboratory,
Regents Dr., College Park, Maryland 20740
Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National
Marine Fisheries Service
182
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Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $615,000
Research efforts have been initiated to provide comprehensive
data on the occurrence and public health significance of micro-
constituents, such as heavy metals, inorganic trace elements,
pesticides and PCB's, in fish and fishery products. Future work
will assess the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the fisheries
products.
SSIE No.: ZBP-536.
R-096-74 (Renewal)
THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ON THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SALT MARSH EPIPHYTIC COMMUNITIES
Principal Investigators: Lee, J. J., W. A. Muller, M. McEnery,
J. Garrison, E. Kennedy, and H. Rubin
Specialty: Biology
Performing Organization: City University of New York, Graduate
School, New York, New York
Supporting Agency: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Biomedical and
Environmental Research Divison, Ber-75-263
No. AT(11-1)3254 CODE AA
Period: 9/74 to 8/75 Funds: $50,600
The subtle variables which regulate the microbial and micro-
metazoan assemblages within metropolitan region New York salt
marshes and shallow embayments will be defined and analyzed.
Food chain assessments will be made and environmental stress
(including petrochemical) experiments and water quality assays
will be conducted.
SSIE No.: GPE-1694-6.
R-097-74 (Renewal)
CHEMICAL-BIOLOGICAL FOLLOW-UP STUDY ON THE SCHUYKILL RIVER
OIL SPILL
Principal Investigator: Mainville, C.
Performing Organization: Ocean Science and Engineering, Inc.,
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 68-01-0781,
72P20311
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The effects of the 1972 Schuykill River oil spill are being
determined by studying riverbank vegetation and analyzing aquatic
communities and fish for oil components (heavy metals and poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively).
SSIE No.: AO-20311-2.
183
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R-259-74
SUBLETHAL BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS
Principal Investigator: Malins, D. C.
Performing Organization: Northwest Fisheries Center, 2725
Montlake Blvd., East Seattle,
Washington 98112
Supporting Agency: Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National
Marine Fisheries Service
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Petroleum hydrocarbons are among the contaminants being studied
in an effort to determine the retention, penetration, and
transport of contaminants in marine organisms. The effects of
oil penetration in these animals are to be examined.
SSIE No.: Private Source.
R-110-74 (Renewal)
BIOLOGICAL RECOVERY FOLLOWING AN OIL SPILL
Principal Investigator: Sanders, H. L.
Performing Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 801001
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Biological and sediment samples were collected and analyzed
for oil following two oil spills off West Falmouth, Massachusetts,
in September, 1969. Such data are being used to provide
information on the effects and subsequent recovery of marine
organisms following oil spills.
Analysis
SSIE No.: GMA-832-2.
R-260-74
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: BIOLOGY OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigators: Vedros, N. A., and A. B. Cobet
Performing Organization: University of California, School of
Public Health, Berkeley, California
94720
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy, No. DN023238
Contract N00014-69-A-0222-1001
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $100,000
Hydrocarbon uptake by marine organisms will be one of several
areas of emphasis in a study of the ecological impact of
pollutants on marine and terrestrial environments.
SSIE No.: GQN-23238-1.
184
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2. PHYSICAL
R-l24-74 (Renewal)
MEASUREMENT AND MOLECULAR INTERPRETATION OF SURFACE SHEAR
VISCOSITY
Principal Investigator: Goodrich, F. C.
Specialty: Chemistry
Performing Organization: Clarkson College of Technology, School
of Arts, Potsdam, New York
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division
of Mathematics and Physical Sciences,
6P-29612A#1
Period: 5/74 to 4/75 Funds: $20,500
The relationship between surface viscosity and the size, shape,
and the conformation of molecules adsorbed at liquid/air and
liquid/liquid interfaces will be investigated with an original
design viscometer.
SSIE No.: GSP-8997-1.
185
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D. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
1. DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
R-261-74
CORPS POLICY AND PROCEDURES ON DEEPWATER PORT ANALYSIS
Principal Investigators: Harrison, R. W., and R. L. Trisko
Performing Organization: U.S. Army, Engineer Institute for
Water Research, Kingman Bldg., Fort
Belvoir, Virginia 22060
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Army Corps of
Engineers, No. 31067
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
A joint research project has been initiated to analyze the
economic benefits and costs of alternative deepwater port
designs for use in petroleum delivery terminals, and to consider
the environmental and social aspects of equipment design and
operating standards.
SSIE No.: ZTK-508.
186
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2. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
R-262-74
REFINERY EFFLUENT TREATMENT: ENGINEERING PROCESS DESIGN
Principal Investigators: Grutsch, J. F., and R. C. Mallatt
Performing Organization: Standard Oil Co. of Indiana, 200 E.
Randolph Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60601
Supporting Agency: Standard Oil Co. of Indiana
Period: 1/75 to 1/76 Funds: Unknown
Proprietary process designs are being developed to improve the
performance and effectiveness of existing waste treatment
processes.
SSIE No.: AW-542.
R-263-74
EXPERIMENTAL PROTOTYPE OILY WATER SEPARATOR SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Holt, B.
Performing Organization: Ben Holt Company, Pasadena, California
91101
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $56,194
A 20 GPM experimental prototype transportable three stage oily
waste water treatment system is being designed, built and tested.
SSIE No.: GQN-487037.
R-264-74
IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN PETROLEUM REFINERY WASTEWATERS
AFTER ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT
Principal Investigator: Keith, L. H.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 07 ABL 04
72P18094
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Qualitative and quantitative analyses will be made on specific
organic pollutants in petroleum refinery wastewater before, during
and after all phases of biological treatment (activated sludge).
Identified compounds will be listed in computer libraries and
this information will be used in programs of surveillance analysis,
treatment effectiveness evaluation, and in establishing effluent
criteria.
SSIE No.: AO-18094-1.
187
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3. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
R-265-74
OIL AND OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Cruickshank, A. M.
Specialty: Chemistry
Performing Organization: University of Rhode Island School of
Arts, Administration Bldg., Kingston,
Rhode Island 02881
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
No. 802601 72P21519
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
This project will provide partial support for foreign visitors
to participate in a conference on oil and hazardous materials.
SSIE No.: GMA-1740-1.
188
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4. RESEARCH
R-266-74
ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE DUE TO OIL SPILLS
Principal Investigator: Enk, G. A.
Performing Organization: Institute on Man and Science,
Rensselaerville, New York 12147
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 802619
72P21520
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The components of a systematic approach to damage assessment of
oil spills will be presented and analyzed. The three phases of
the project will be: a broad range literature survey and review,
the presentation of a multidisciplinary oil spill symposium; and
publication and dissemination of the study findings.
SSIE No.: GMA-1741-2.
R-l59-74 (Renewal)
WATER QUALITY STUDY OF MONTAUK HARBOR, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK,
USING A HYDRAULIC MODEL
Principal Investigators: Hunt, J. P., and T. Omholt
Performing Organization: New York Ocean Science Lab., Montauk,
New York
Supporting Agency: New York Ocean Science Lab.
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Velocity patterns and dispersion and diffusion of foreign
substances (including petroleum products) are being studied on
a distorted model of Montauk Harbor in order to help predict
the results of future harbor-related activities and developments.
SSIE No.: AL-984-2.
189
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E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION
R-073-74 (Renewal)
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS AS NUTRIENTS LIMITING BIODEGRADATION
Principal Investigator: Brock, T. D.
Specialty: Bacteriology
Performing Organization: University of Wisconsin, School of
Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of
Water Resource Research, No. A-054-WIS
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $10,000
Research will be conducted on the roles of nitrogen and/or
phosphorus as limiting nutrients in the oxidation of oil and some
of its components by surface water microorganisms in Lake Mendota.
Resulting information will be used in predicting levels of oil
tolerable to given freshwater systems.
SSIE No.: GUW-3943-1.
R-074-74 (Renewal)
FATE AND EFFECT OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE COASTAL GULF
OF MEXICO
Principal Investigator: Brown, L. R.
Specialty: Microbiology
Performing Organization: Mississippi State University School of
Arts, State College, Mississippi
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, 68-01-0745
72P19734
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
A field and laboratory study of the fate of crude oil in the
marine environment of coastal Gulf waters is being conducted.
The study effort will include chronic effect assessment and
ecosystem recovery.
SSIE No.: AO-19734-2.
190
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R-267-74
MICROBIAL AND INSECT METABOLISM OF ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS
Principal Investigator: Markovetz, A. J.
Specialty: Microbiology
Performing Organization: University of Iowa, School of Medicine,
Jessup Hall, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Health, Education and
Welfare, Public Health Service, National
Institutes of Health, National Institute
of General Medical Science
Period: 9/74 to 8/75 Funds: $18,528
Efforts are being made to establish a catabolic pathway on an
enzymatic level for subterminal oxidation of aliphatic hydro-
carbons by microorganisms and to determine if the process is
operative in insects and mediated by symbiotic microorganisms.
SSIE No.: 1GM-19809-3.
R-099-74 (Renewal)
THE IMPACT OF MICROORGANISMS ON OIL
Principal Investigator: Meyers, S. P.
Performing Organization: Louisiana State University, School of
Agriculture, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 800993,
72P14726
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The role of microorganisms in oil-contaminated sediment will be
studied. Emphasis will be placed on finding hydrocarbon pollu-
tion indicator species and species that can be introduced to
accelerate oil biodegradation.
Cleanup and recovery
SSIE No.: AO-14726-2.
191
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F. LEGAL ASPECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
R-244-74 (Renwal)
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
Principal Investigator: Comeron, R.
Performing Organization: Environmental Defense Fund, Riverhead,
New York
Supporting Agency: Ford Foundation
Period: 7/73 to 12/74 Funds: $300,000
Legal and scientific work will be done in several areas of
environmental protection including oil pollution.
SSIE No.: QY-1575-3.
R-268-74
POLLUTION CONTROL - LEGAL INCENTIVE
Principal Investigators: Irwin, W. A., and R. H. Abel
Performing Organization: Environmental Law Institute, 1346
Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C.
20036
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The potential use of current local, state, or federal laws containing
economic incentive mechanisms will be evaluated for amendment to
federal laws governing environmental quality.
SSIE No.: AO-21628-1.
192
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SECTION IV. PATENTS
A. UNITED STATES PATENTS
P-112-74
REMOVAL OF DISSOLVED OR SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN WASTE WATER
Anderson, H. T.
U.S. Patent 3,816,274
A treatment method is described which separates greasy matter from
an emulsified water-fat solution.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(23),
Entry # W74-12449.
3,816,274
REMOVAL OF DISSOLVED OR SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN
WASTE WATER
Harry T. Anderson, Clarendon Hills, III., assignor to Swift &
Company. Chicago, III.
Filed Oil. 20,1971,Ser. No. 191,008
Int. Cl. C02b I/H2, C02c 5/12. BOIk 3100
U.S. Cl. 204-149 7 Claims
193
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P-113-74
DEVICE FOR RECOVERING FLOATING MATTER FROM WATER SURFACE
Aramaki, K., H. Kawakami, and Y. Kawaguchi
U.S. Patent 3,812,968
An apparatus for recovering floating matter from surface water is
composed of a floating frame body, a bucket directed toward, and an
absorptive feeder which is secured to the frame body. The feeder
moves along a closed loop extending above the water's surface and
feeds floating matter to an inlet opening in the bucket.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(23),
Entry # W74-12432.
3.8I2.96K
DEVICE FOR RKCOVKKINC. H.OATING MATTER FROM
WATKRSURFACE
Kuninori Aramaki, Yokohama; Hiroshi Kawakami, Kamaku-
ra, and Yasuhjiru Kawaguchi, Yokohama, all of Japan, as-
signors (o Bridgcstune Tire Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan
Hied JUIH- 6, 1973, St-r. No. .Wi7,M 7
Claims priority, applttalinn Japan, June 10, l')72, 47-
57321;Jul) 26, 1972,47-74799
Int. Cl. B
-------
P-114-74
OIL SLICK REMOVAL METHOD, SYSTEM AND BAG THEREFOR
Avey, R. L.
U.S. Patent 3,796,656
The method consists of deployment of large plastic bags in a
horizontal arrangement on the water surface so that the bags
envelop an oil slick floating on the body of water. When the bags
are released, the mouth of the bag, which is weighted, hangs in a
downward position in the water and the oil collects at the top of
the closed bag where it is then removed.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(21)
Entry # W74-11055.
3,796,656
OIL SLICK REMOVAL METHOD, SYSTEM AND
BAG THEREFOR
Reginald L. Avcy, 39 Sunny Acres,
IJaic d'Urfe, Quebec, Cannda
Filed Dec. 29, 1971, Scr. No. 213,668
Int. CI. BOld 37/00; E02b 15/04
U.S. Cl. 210—65 9 Claims
195
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P-115-74
FLOATING ANTIPOLLUTION BARRIER DEVICE
Ballu, L.
U.S. Patent 3,811,285
A floating barrier is described as a water pollution control structure,
consisting of a submerged skirt supported by floating devices arranged
in a two-walled structure.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(21).
Entry # W74-11060.
3,811,285
FLOATING ANTI-POLLUTION BARRIER DEVICE
Louis Ballu, Colombes, France, assignor to Pneumatiquts
Caoutchouc Manufacture et Plaitiqucs Kleber-Colombes,
1'arii, Fra net-
Filed June 9, 1972, Ser. No. 261,410
Inl. Cl. KQ2t> 15104
U.S. Cl. 61-1 F 24 Claims
196
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P-116-74
FLOATING BARRIER
Benson, R. A.
U.S. Patent 3,818,708
Described is a floating barrier for use in oil spill containment.
The barrier is comprised of a solid vertical dam with floats
extending the length of the barrier to provide maximum strength
and continuity, and vertical stiffening ribs to provide rigidity.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(2)
Entry # W75-01049.
3,818,708
FLOATING BARRIKR
Robert A. Benson, Cohassct, Mass., assignor to Submarine En-
gineering Associates, Inc., Cohassct, Mass.
Filed Feb. 2, 1972, Ser. No. 222,867
Int. C'l. E02b 15/0-1
U.S. Cl. 61 — IF 12 Claims
197
-------
P-117-74
METHOD AND A DEVICE FOR COLLECTING SUBSTANCES FLOATING IN A LIQUID
SURFACE
Bergman, H. L.
U.S. Patent 3,817,385
The collecting device is composed of an endless conveyor run around
rollers which extends from a point in the water to a location adjacent
to a collecting table carried on board a ship. This arrangement
makes possible the transfer of pollutant material carried by the
conveyor to a collecting receptacle.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(23).
Entry # W74-12446.
.1,817,385
MKTIIOI) AND A DKVICK K)R t OLLKCTI.Nt;
StBSTANCKS FLOATING IN A LIQUID SURFACE
Hans Leopold Hcr^nian, VallatorK 8 1, Stockholm, Sweden
Filed Apr. 1, 1471, Ser. No. 1-1(1.300
Claims priority, application Sweden, Apr. 13, 1470,
•W4/70
Int. Cl. K02I) / VCW
U.S. Cl. 210- 242 5 Claims
198
-------
P-118-74
SURFACE TENSION METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING IMMISCIBLE
LIQUIDS
Bhuta, P. G., R. L. Johnson, and D. J. Graham
U.S. Patent 3,831,756
Surface tension liquid screening action is the principle used in a
liquid separation apparatus for separating a selected liquid from
a second liquid in which the former liquid is immiscible.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(2).
Entry # W75-01034.
3,831,756
SURFACE TENSION METHOD OK AND APPARATUS FOR
SEPARATING IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS
Pravin G. Bhuta, Torrance; Robert L. Johnson, Marina Dtl
Rey, and Douglas J. Graham, Redondo Beach, all of Calif.,
assignors to TRW Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif.
Division of Ser. No. 50,640, June 29, 1970, Pat. No. 3,703,463,
This application Sept. 13, 1972, Ser. No. 288,593The portion
of the term of this patent subsequent to Nov. 21, 1989, has been
disclaimed.
Int.CI. B01d2//00
U.S. Cl. 210—109 1 Claim
P-119-74
OIL SPILL RECOVERY
Clampitt, B. H., K. E. Harwell, and J. W. Jones, Jr.
U.S. Patent 3,819,514
Ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer foam was reported to have a
high capacity for absorbing oil floating on water. Tests demonstrated
the absorption capacity of the foam to be greater than seven times
its weight of crude oil.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry #170753n.
199
-------
P-l20-74
OIL SKIMMER MODULE WITH FREE FLOATING WEIR TROUGH
Crisafulli, A. J.
U.S. Patent 3,822,789
The oil skimmer is composed of a sump box having a pump and a free
floating weir positioned ahead of the sump box and connected by
ball joint connections. The weir rises in relation to the sump box
which stays at a constant depth partially below the water surface,
and a gravity inlet located on the box receives a thin layer of
water and floating pollutants.
Citation Source:
Selected Water Resources Abstracts.
Entry # W74-11409.
1974. 7(21)
3,822,7X9
OIL SKIMMER MODUI.K WITH FREE KLOATING WKIR
'IROKiH
AnEclo J. Crisafulli, Box 1051, <;tencli\e, Mont. 59330
Conlinuuliim-tn-piirtofSrr. NIL 142,2X2, May 11, 1971, Pat.
No. 3,756,414. This application H-li. 6, 1973, SIT. No. 330,079
In|. (.'I. K»2b 1 f/0-4
U.S.CI. 210-242 3 Claims
200
-------
P-121-74
PROPELLING ARRANGEMENT FOR OIL AND GARBAGE SKIMMER CRAFT
Derzhavets, A. Y., P. G. Kogan, V. N. Semenov, and V. I. Tabachnikov
U.S. Patent 3,823,828
A propeller arrangement which is effective in the removal of floating
impurities from the water surface is described.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(21).
Entry # W74-11404.
3.823.828
PROPELLING ARRANCKMKNT FOR OIL AM) GARBAGE
SKIMMER CRAFT
Abram Yakovlevich l)er/haveis, prospekt Gagarina, 4, kv. 5;
I'c'lr Griyorievich Kogan, uliisa Perekopskoi divi/ii 2, k\. 14;
Vladimir Nikolaevkh Semenov, ulitsa Varnenskava, 19, kor-
pu>, S, kv. 29, and Viktor losifuvich Taharhnikox, ulitsa Var-
nenska\a 1<), korpus 8, kv. 31, all of Odessa, li.S.S.K.
Filed May 8, 1973, Scr. No. 358,360
Int. Cl. BO Id If 102
II.S Cl. 210—242 5 Claims
201
-------
P-122-74
APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF AUTOMATICALLY REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM
A FLOWING STREAM
Dubouchet, J. L.
U.S. Patent 3,815,742
Described is a separator which diverts a portion of a stream on
which flotsam has collected, into a vertical liquid chamber.
The separated liquid is then discharged from its upper portion
"while maintaining the level of the liquid at a given constant
above the maximum height of any interface that may exist between
the liquid and pollutant material."
Citation Source:
Selected Water Resources Abstracts.
Entry # W74-12457.
1974. 7(23),
3,815,742
APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF AUTOMATICALLY
KKMOVTN<; P0LI.ITANIS KKOM A FLOUIMi STRKAM
Jacques L. Dubouchet, l.archmcmt, N.Y., assignor to Sodete
(ienerale de Constructions Kleclriques et Mecamques
(Alsthum), (irenuhlr, France
Filed Mar. 2}, 1972,Ser. No. 237,388
lnt.Cl.K02b JS/OJ
ILS.CI. 210-83 7 Claims
[1
V?
P-123-74
POLYMERIC QUATERNARY AMMONIUM BETAINES
Fauke, A. R., and R. S. Buriks
U.S. Patent 3,819,589
The compound CcHg containing diisobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer
was treated with EtsN and ethylene oxide to produce a material useful
as a demulsifier for oil-in-water petroleum emulsions.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(24). Entry #153525x.
202
-------
P-lZs-74
APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING OIL SUBSTANCES FROM THE SURFACE OF A BODY
OF WATER
Favret, U.
U.S. Patent 3,836,004
An apparatus for oil removal from the water's surface consists of
a buoyant float with oil inlet ports placed at a level to withdraw
floating oil substances. An adjacent oil collection suction
chamber receives the oil and a remote pump connected to the float
provides suction sufficient to withdraw oily substances from the
collection chamber.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(3).
Entry # W75-01195.
3,836,004
APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING OIL SUBSTANCES
FROM THE SURFACE OF A BODY OF \V\TER
Uncas Favret, P.O. Box 73095, Metairie, La. 70003
Filed Dec. 7, 1972, Ser. No. 312,913
lnl.CI.E02by.5W
U.S.C1. 210-242 20 Claims
P-125-74
ROUGH WATER BARRIER
Hoult, D. P., and J. H. Milgram
U.S. Patent 3,802,201
A barrier sheet is maintained in a vertical direction in the water,
perpendicular to the wave surface, by flotation elements. The barrier
is designed to contain oil or flotsam in rough waters.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(20).
Entry # W74-10595.
203
-------
P-126-74
PROCESS AND APPARATUS OF HANDLING WATER WHICH IS CONTAMINATED WITH
AN OILLIKE LIQUID
Jakubek, P.
U.S. Patent 3,836,000
Two pumps, one for clean water and the other for contaminated water,
are used to separate the two mixtures. The contaminated water is
run through a separator.
Citation Source:
Petroleum Abstracts.
Entry #198,897.
1975. 15(3).
3,836,000
PROCESS AND APPARATUS OF HANDLING WATER
WHICH IS CONTAMINATED WITH AN OILLIKE LIQUID
Ptttr Jakubek, Brunn Am Gebirge, Austria, assignor to Fa. In-
ternational Pollution Control Systems, Inc., Washington,
D.C.
Filed July 8, l971,S«r.No. 160,779
Claims priority, application Austria, July 13, 1970,
6372/70; Jan. 22, 1971, 534/71; Jun«.3, 1971,4826/71
Int. Cl. B01d29/J6
U.S.CI. 210-104 18 Claims
204
-------
P-l 27-74
DISPERSED OIL SEPARATOR
Jones, L. W.
U.S. Patent 3,844,743
Oily water is run through a vessel containing a sulfur media. The
sulfur causes the oil to agglomerate; it can then be removed. Water
falls by gravity separation below the barrier that collects the oil.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(5).
Entry #200,151.
3,844,743
DISPERSED OIL SEPARATOR
Lojd \V. Jones, Tulsa, Okla., assignor to Amoco Production
Company, Tulsa, Okla.
Filed Aug. 9, 1971, Ser. No. 170,172
Int. Cl. BO Id 17/04
U.S. Cl. 55-174 8 Claims
OILV '2 , I
WA11R k-~-».
?2 10 '* M V 10 IB
P-128-74
EXTRACTING RETAINED OIL AND SOLIDS FROM A FILTER MEDIUM
Keller, H. F.
U.S. Patent 3,842,001
A granular filter medium that has been used to filter an oil-water-
sol id dispersion can be agitated in the presence of a surfactant
and backwashed to form 3 layers: solids-free oil, useable water,
and oil-free solids.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(8). Entry #45868y.
205
-------
P-129-74
OIL SPILL CONTROL
King, 0. A.
U.S. Patent 3,835,049
The recovery process of an oil slick formed by a spill of a high-
gravity crude oil on a bay inlet with the use of linseed oil spray
is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(6). Entry #34856s.
P-130-74
DEVICE FOR COLLECTING LOOSE MATERIAL FROM A SURFACE, PARTICULARLY
OIL FLOATING ON WATER
Larsson, A. A. R.
U.S. Patent 3,838,775
This device uses a drum shaped rotor with helical blades that form
a central ring of scoops aligned with the discharge duct. The
blades move material from the intake opening to the scoops.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(1). Entry #198,936.
3,838,775
DEVICE FOR COLLECTING LOOSE MATERIAL FROM A
SURFACE, PARTICULARLY OIL FLOATING ON WATER
Arne Algol Ragnar Larsson, Auravagen 13,182 62 Djursholm,
Sweden
Filed Feb. 28, 1972, Ser. No. 229,845
Claims priority, application Sweden, Mar. 12, 1971,
3238/71
Int. Cl. E02b 15104
U.S. Cl. 210—242 12 Claims
206
-------
P-131-74
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
Lorenz, W. K., E. C. Sebesta, and C. L. McClellan
U.S. Patent 3,835,021
The process by which refinery waste sludge materials are disposed of
consists of dewatering and deoiling the sludges by filtering them
through a filter press at temperatures between 100-200°F. High
recovery of oil from waste materials is possible by using this
process.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry #175884r.
P-132-74
METHODS FOR ELIMINATION OF OIL SLICKS
McKinney, R. W., A. L. Dixon, Jr., and R. L. Jordon
U.S. Patent 3,843,517
Freeze-dried mixtures of hydrocarbon consuming microorganisms in a
carrier are placed on oil films. The carrier absorbs and concentrates
the oil and the microorganisms metabolize it. The microorganisms
remain viable for long storage times.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(3). Entry #199,494.
P-l33-74
APPARATUS FOR REMOVING A SUBSTANCE FLOATING AS A LAYER ON THE
SURFACE OF A BODY OF LIQUID
Mourlon, J-C. J., and E. M. R. Dubois
U.S. Patent 3,800,951
Flotsam or oil can be removed from the surface of a body of water by
the use of an apparatus in which a screw impeller generates a
whirlpool in the area of the substance and causes a downward depres-
sion. The lighter substance is then drawn from the depression and
delivered to a collection tank with a suction pump.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(21).
Entry # W74-11057.
207
-------
P-l34-74
FLOATABLE BOOM STRUCTURE
Oberg, P. 0.
U.S. Patent 3,798,911
The boom is composed of a series of buoyant tubular body sections,
each containing mechanical expansion devices. The tubular body
sections, when expanded,are positioned so that they project upward
from the surface to contain floating impurities such as oil.
Citation Source:
Selected Water Resources Abstracts.
Entry # W74-11054.
1974. 7(21)
3,798,911
FLOATABLE BOOM STRUCTURE
Per Olog Obcrg, Sollcnluna, Sweden, assignor to Sanera Pro-
jecting Aktiebolag, Bromma, Sweden
Filed Mar. 31, 1971,Ser. No. 129,932
Claims priority, application Sweden, Apr. 2, \970, 4568/70;
Aug. 4, 1970, 10704/70; Jan. 27, 1971,979/71
Int. CI.E(I2b IS/04
U.S. Cl. 61-1 F II Claims
208
-------
P-135-74
METHOD FOR TREATING OIL-CONTAINING WASTES
Ohta, M.
U.S. Patent 3,809,631
A method for treating oil-containing wastes is described in which
the pH of the waste is adjusted to 3 or less and then the material
is subjected to a two-phase electrolytic treatment wherein the oil
phase is separated.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(23)
Entry # W74-12433.
3,809,631
METHOD FOR TREATING OIL-CONTAINING
WAS res
Masnnori Ohta, 55 Takchana-Nishinokuchi-cho, Yama-
sliina, HiKashiyama-ku, Kyoto-shl, Kyoto-fu, Japan
Filed Mar. 8, 1973, Scr. No. 339,131
Claims priority, application Japan, Mar. 9, 1972,
47/23,558
Int. Cl. C02c 5/72
U.S. Cl. 204—149 2 Claims
209
-------
P-136-74
APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING A POLLUTING LIQUID
Oxenham, J. P.
U.S. Patent 3,810,546
A skimmer has been developed, composed of a floating platform with
rotatable drums along the periphery. Each drum has a weir positioned
adjacent to the interface of the liquids to allow polluting liquids
to pass into the drum.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(23).
Entry # W74-12436.
3,810,546
APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING A POLLUTING
LIQUID
James Preston Oxenham, Houston, Tex., assignor to Shell Oil
Company, New York, N.Y.
Continuation of Ser. No. 206,544, Dec. 9, 1971, abandoned,
which is a continuation of Ser. No. 70,745, Sept. 9, 1970,
abandoned. This application Mar. 28, 1973, Ser. No. 345,801
Int. Cl. E02b IS/04
U.S. Cl. 210-242 1 Claim
210
-------
P-137-74
OIL/WATER SEPARATION AND RECOVERY SYSTEM
Pavolvic, J. D.
U.S. Patent 3,815,751
The description of a technique for oil-water recovery using a
sectioned separating tank is given.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(23)
Entry # W74-12451.
3,815,751
OIL/WATER SKPARATION AND RECOVERY SYSTEM
Jack D. Pavlovic, Oakland, Calif., assignor to Pollution
Recovery Systems, Oakland, Calif.
Filed Oct. 6, !971,Ser. No. 187,038
Int.CI. E02n 15104
U.S. Cl. 210-242 6 Claims
211
-------
P-l38-74
UNDERWATER LEAKAGE OIL COLLECTOR SYSTEM
Rainey, D. E.
U.S. Patent 3,756,294
An elongated flexible conduit has been developed to prevent oil
leakage from an underwater break in an oil container. The device
attaches to the container and entraps the leaking oil, and conveys
it to a new collector.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(21)
Entry # W74-11056.
3,756,294
UNDERWATER LEAKAGE OIL COLLECTOR SYSTEM
Don E. Rainey, 3209 N.E. 10(h St., Pompano Beach, Fla.
Continuation of Ser. No. 124,827, March 16,1971,
abandoned. This application Sept. 5,1972, Ser. No. 286,356
Int.CI. K6Sb3104
V.S. Cl. 141—392 6 Claims
212
-------
P-l39-74
APPARATUS FOR SALVAGING OIL FROM SUNKEN VESSELS
Rolleman, J.
U.S. Patent 3,831,387
A remotely controlled submersible "pump-house" or salvage capsule
is described for use in removing to the surface oil contained in
a sunken vessel.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(2)
Entry # W75-01038.
3,831,387
APPARATUS FOR SALVAGING OIL FROM SUNKEN
VESSELS
Jack Rolleman, Edmonton, Alberta, C'anada, assignor to
Salvage Oil Systems, Ltd., Edmonton, Canada
Filed Mar. 16, 1973, Scr. No. 342,090
Claims priority, application Great Britain, Mar. 24, 1972,
14091/72
Int. Cl. B63c Il/Ot)
U.S. Cl. 61-69 A 16 Claims
213
-------
P-140-74
OFF-SHORE OIL WELL LEAKAGE CONFINER
Ryan, M. M.
U.S. Patent 3,839,870
A floating wall supported by pontoons surrounds an offshore well
site. The pontoons can be filled with seawater to sink the wall
and let ships enter the area.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(3). Entry #199,331
3,839,870
OFF-SHORE OIL VVKI.l. LEAKAC.E CONFINER
Margaret M. Ryan, 1054") S. Bi-ll, t'hicano. III. 60643
Filed Jan. 21, l')74, SIT. No. 435,220
Int. Cl. E02h 15104
U.S. Cl. 61-1 F 3 Claims
P-141-74
PROCESS FOR REMOVING OIL FROM AROUND A WELL-BORE
Stringer, C. W.
U.S. Patent 3,837,402
Laurie acid and diethanolamine promote oil dispersal. This
combination is neither flammable nor toxic, and is biodegradable.
Many container interiors and surfaces, in addition to well-bores,
can be cleaned with this combination.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(1). Entry #198,820.
214
-------
P-142-74
FLOATING BOOM DEPLOYMENT APPARATUS
Tanksley, N. D.
U.S. Patent 3,807,617
Described is the deployment apparatus for storage, paying out, and
retrieval of oil containment booms.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974. 7(21)
Entry # W74-11046.
215
-------
B. FOREIGN PATENTS
P-l43-74
ABSORPTION OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES FROM WASTE WATER
Amagi, Y., and S. Inada
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,411,828
The treatment of petrochemical waste water by active carbon in a
fluidized bed is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(4). Entry #2142d.
P-144-74
COMPOUNDS COLLECTING OIL AND PROCESS FOR ELIMINATING OIL FROM WATER
Anon.
French Patent 2,203,402
Treatment of beaches or water with compounds containing long chain
primary aliphatic alcohols which collect oil or keep it from spreading,
can help in oil spill cleanup.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(5). Entry #200,247.
P-145-74
FLOATING APPARATUS FOR REMOVING A FLOATING LAYER OF OIL FROM THE
SURFACE OF THE WATER
Anon.
French Patent 2,201,691
A floating caisson can remove a layer of oil from water using an
adjustable decantation system for the oil and a pump for both the
oil and removal of water from the separator.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(3). Entry #199,497.
P-l46-74
OIL SPILL RECOVERY VESSEL
Anon.
Netherlands Patent NL 7315-128
216
-------
A vessel for recovering floating oil on water contains a cyclone
chamber which receives the inflowing skimmed layer of oil via a
lateral opening, one edge having an adjustable skimmer or weir
plate. The oil is withdrawn from the larger end of the chamber
while the separated water is discharged from the smaller end.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(3).
Entry # W75-01633.
P-147-74
OIL/WATER SEPARATOR FILTER
Anon.
French Patent 2196-187
The oil/water filter consists of a fibrous core coated with a resin
and an outer sheath. The core fibers are made of a textile material
laid up in thin layers with fibers side by side and transverse to
flow direction; the resin coating, having a higher affinity for oil
than for water, acts as a binder within the layers.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(1).
Entry # W75-00143.
P-148-74
OIL ABSORBENT
Aoso, S.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 64,577
Oil absorbents used for removing oil from the ocean surface are
composed of mixtures of vegetable fibers and waste threads which are
dipped into solutions to form fatty acid metal salts on the surface
of the mixture. The absorbent absorbs 7.5 times its own weight.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(8). Entry #47498b.
P-149-74
OIL CONTAINMENT BOOM
Ayers, R. R., and E. V. Seymour
Canadian Patent 958,230
A capture area, in a water surface with relative current velocity,
is set up with buoyant float means. Means are also used to slow the
flow velocity in the capture area.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(3). Entry #199,496.
217
-------
P-l50-74
POLYPROPYLENE ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WATER
Azuma, K.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 48,576
An oil adsorbent composed of a 60:15:25 polypropylene-atactic
polypropylene-polyetheylene mixture and having a continuous pore
structure, was molded and ground into sheet form and immersed in
oil. The weight of adsorbed oil was 14,10, and 12 times the
original weight of the sheet for heavy, light, and spindle oils,
respectively.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry #140659u.
P-151-74
POLYPROPYLENE ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OIL FROM WATER
Azuma, K.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 48,577
An oil adsorbent composed of a 70:10:20 polypropylene-atactic poly-
propylene-polyethylene foam mixture was molded into a sheet form and
immersed in oil. The weight of the adsorbed oil was 13, 9, and 11
times the original weight of the sheet for heavy, light, and spindle
oils, respectively.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry #140658t.
P-152-74
POLYPROPYLENE ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WATER
Azuma, K.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 48,578
An oil adsorbent, composed of a sheet of an 80:20 polypropylene-
atactic polypropylene foam mixture placed between two fiber laps
composed of the same material and needle punched to obtain continuous
pore structure, was immersed in oils. The weight of adsorbed oil was
20, 14, and 18 times the original weight of the mat for heavy, light,
and spindle oils, respectively.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry #H0657s.
218
-------
P-153-74
FLOATING ANTIPOLLUTION BARRIER
Ballu, L.
French Patent 2,208,414
A series of compartments connected by flexible tape gives this
barrier both flexibility and reliability.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(5). Entry #200,249,
P-154-74
PROCESS FOR PURIFYING WATER CONTAINING OILS AND SOLIDS
Beavon, D. K.
Canadian Patent 945,479
Described is a process for removing oil and particulate solids by
utilizing a filter media, such as sand, for purification.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(2).
Entry # W75-00603.
P-155-74
AMINOPLAST FOAM
Blake, A. D.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,402,441
Patent for a foam-forming mixture used for removal of oil slicks
from seawater.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(8). Entry #44340h.
P-156-74
PROCESS FOR OVERCOMING WATER POLLUTION
Cadron, E. C. A., and L. E. L. Jourquin
Belgian Patent 764,805
Three dimensional bodies of foam with oil 'pores are deposited on
polluted water. The bodies are treated with an agent (chosen from
fatty acids and their esters) to make them oil wet.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(5). Entry #200,243.
219
-------
P-157-74
POWDERY FOAM USEFUL AS OIL ADSORBENT
Chono, M., K. Toyomoto, S. Noganri, and N. Matsuo
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 60,323
The composition of a powdery foam adsorbent useful as an oil removing
agent from water is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26), Entry #175845d.
P-l58-74
APPARATUS FOR THE REMOVAL OF POLLUTING SUBSTANCES SPREAD ON THE
SURFACE OF WATER, ESPECIALLY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Degobert, P., and F. Kermarrec
French Patent 2,199,755
The walls of the container are flexible, porous hydrophobic, yet
easily wetted by the pollutant. Inflatable armatures extend the
walls.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(1). Entry #198,938.
P-159-74
APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF POLLUTING PRODUCTS SPREAD ON THE
SURFACE OF WATER, ESPECIALLY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Degobert, P., F. Kermarrec, and Y. Nadaud
French Patent 2,199,776
This apparatus has at least one container with porous hydrophobic
walls which are easily wetted by the pollutant. The container floats
on the surface; the liquid pollutant is transferred to an interior
sealed cavity once it has penetrated the walls of the container.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(1). Entry #198,939.
P-160-74
APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF POLLUTANT PRODUCTS SPREAD ON THE
SURFACE OF THE WATER, ESPECIALLY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
tf
Degobert, P., and F. Kermarrec
French Patent 2,203,399
220
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A flexible hose of porous hydrophobia material, which is oil wet,
floats at the water surface so the pollutant can easily enter. Both
ends of the hose can be towed by ships.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(5). Entry #200,244.
P-161-74
APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF A LIGHTER LIQUID FLOATING ON A
HEAVIER LIQUID
Disque, K., A. Holzgen, and P. Stauch
French Patent 2,208,697
Both liquids feed into a container, then cross a floating baffle.
The heavier liquid flows below, the lighter is collected by the baffle.
The level of the baffle can be adjusted with ballast.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(5). Entry #200,250.
P-162-74
IMPROVING RESIDUAL OIL SEPARATION FROM OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION-BREAKING
EQUIPMENT
Dornauf, A., and A. Sorg
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,306,341
The treatment to separate residual oil from acid or salt cracking
plant filtrates,or from the purification water in oil-in-water
emulsion separation processes in a horizontal or vertical oil phase
separation trap, is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 86(2). Entry #34831e.
P-163-47
APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF MINERAL OILS SPREAD ON THE SURFACE OF
WATER
Drapeau, Y.
French Patent 2,203,400
A movable part in the apparatus, wettable by oil, has a lower section
in the water. The upper section is wiped with a ring and the liquid
221
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is collected in a gutter. The entire system moves in the direction
of a suction zone which has one end at the wiper.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(5). Entry #200,245.
P-164-74
AN APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF MINERAL OILS SPREAD OVER THE SURFACE
OF WATER
Drapeau, Y.
French Patent 2,203,401
A movable cylinder attached to a horizontal rotating shaft is
wettable by oil. The oil wetted section is then brushed against a
wiper and the oil is collected.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(5). Entry #200,246.
P-165-74
METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR CONTROLLING BLOWOUTS ON OIL WELLS
Erb, B. R.
Canadian Patent 958,328
Liquid carbon dioxide or nitrogen under pressure freezes the pipe
and renders the fluid inert and therefore nonflammable and non-
cumbustible.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(3). Entry #199,302.
P-166-74
REMOVAL OF OILS FROM WATER WITH BLAST FURNACE SLAG
Frijii, M., N. Haga, F. Fugita, A. Fujiwara, and I. Hira
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 67,877
Porous blast furnace slag removes oil from water, reducing 35 ppm
oil to 1.5 ppm for 120 sec. contact.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(8). Entry #47501x.
222
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P-167-74
TREATMENT OF SOOT-CONTAINING WASTE WATER FROM HYDROCARBON CRACKING
PLANT
Hauptmann, W., P. Jaschke, B. Neumann, B. G. Frenzel, G. Henkel,
and J. Slabik
German Patent 106,335
A suspension of waste water containing carbon black mixed with brown
coal ash with CaO and FeO is run into a clarification basin. The
sulfides in the waste water precipitate.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(8). Entry #47518h.
P-168-74
SIMULTANEOUS TREATMENT OF SYNTHETIC POLYMER WASTES AND WASTE OILS
BY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION
Ito, H., T. Maruyama, and S. Kamimura
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 52,172
A thermal decomposition furnace with a scrubber liquid-gas separator
leads to the separation of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. The
procedure can be done on a large scale.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(8). Entry #47399v.
P-169-74
NONWOVEN SYNTHETIC FABRICS FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WASTE WATER
Kita, S., and T. Kono
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 66,968
Nonwoven fabrics made from resin mixtures of pvlyolefin and ethylene-
vinyl acetate copolymer have been found to have high adsorptive
capacity for oils.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry #175862g,
P-l70-74
OIL ADSORBENTS
Kitagaki, T., K. Ogawa, and K. Taguchi
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 47,270
223
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The treatment of waste water containing oils with charcoal and/or
sawdust treated with silicon-system water repellants is effective
in the removal of oils from the water.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry #140663r.
P-171-74
ADSORBENT OBTAINED BY TREATING CARBON BLACK WITH SILICONE FOR
REMOVING OILS FROM WASTE MATERIALS
Kitagaki, T., and K. Taguchi
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 47,271
Carbon black, produced from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons,
is treated with a hydrophobic agent to form a substance effective in
removing oils and fats floating or dissolved in water.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry #140665t.
P-l72-74
PURIFICATION OF WASTE LUBRICATING OIL
Koizumi, T.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 23,801
The process for regenerating lubricating oil from waste lubricating
oil by addition of A1C13 and/or FeCl3 to the waste oil is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry #140643j.
P-173-74
REMOVAL OF OIL FROM WATER
Maatschappij, B. V.
Netherlands Patent 72 13,948
A product consisting of long chain primary alcohols and a diluent
is capable of removing oil from water. In a test, 19 liters of crude
oil were poured into the Houston Ship Channel; ten minutes after the
addition of 12 1 of the solution, the oil slick was reduced to less
than 10% in size.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry #140651k.
224
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P-l74-74
RAPID DETERMINATION OF OILS IN WATER BY USING AN ADSORPTION INDICATOR
Miyazaki, Y., and H. Kawaguchi
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 60,788
The operation of an adsorption indicator which measures the oil
contents of an oil extract solution placed in a cylinder is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry #175855g.
P-175-74
POROUS POLYOLEFIN ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WASTE WATER
Murayama, N., and M. Fukuda
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 22,392
Porous molded products composed of polyolefin and inorganic materials
(CaCOs, CaSO^) and stretched into sheet forms, are useful in removing
oils from waste water. Using the sheet as a filter, hexane contained
in waste water is reduced from 3 ppm to 0.6 ppm after treatment.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(24). Entry #158443d.
P-176-74
PURIFICATION OF EMULSIFIED OIL-CONTAINING WASTE WATER
Nakagawa, J., and J. Konoike
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 63,255
Emulsified oil-containing waste waters are purified by a process in
which the waters are mixed with a sludge (obtained by neutralizing
an acidic solution containing Fe salts with excess CaC03), stirred,
and filtered. The resulting filter cake is solidified to recover
oils.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(6). Entry #34828j.
P-l77-74
EMULSIFYING COMPOSITIONS
Nicol, J. R., and G. C. Silsby
British Patent 1,361,179
The compositions of materials useful in dispersing oil spills on
water and removing oil on beaches are given: 5-50% ethylene
225
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oxide-fatty alcohol condensate dissolved in 55-95% kerosene containing
a solubilizing agent .
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 80(26). Entry #171892u.
P-178-74
OIL ADbORBENT FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATER
Ohkita, J., K. Kajitan, and H. Segawa
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 61,074
Waste water containing 100 ppm oil was passed through oil adsorbents
made from polypropylene-polyethylene-nylon fibrils, and the resulting
oil content was less than 1 ppm.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry #175861f.
P-179-74
REMOVAL OF OILS FROM WASTE WATER
Ohkita, J., H. Segawa, and S. Kurosaki
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 59,469
Waste water containing 500 ppm oil was successfully passed through
a nonwoven fabric-packed column and a synthetic fibril packed column
made from a polypropylene-polyethylene-nylon mixture to produce a
water containing less than 1 ppm oil.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry #175852d.
P-180-74
TREATMENT OF WASTE OILS
Ohkubo, T.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 75,601
Waste oils are treated by a method using alkalies and the addition
of alcohols, polyglycols and/or polyglycol ethers.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(4). Entry #21447j.
226
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P-181-74
POROUS GAS OIL COLLECTOR
Ohmori, S.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 64,578
Mixtures of fine polymer foams and inorganic materials are used to
remove oils from waste water. A gas oil absorptivity of 110% is
obtained using the collector.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(8). Entry #47499c.
P-182-74
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATION OF TWO LIQUIDS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Schilling, G.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,301,244
Oil layers can be separated from water using this apparatus which
consists of a hinged pipe just below the surface of the liquid,
and a discharge sluice ahead of a vacuum pump.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(8). Entry #45707v.
P-183-74
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR ELIMINATING OIL OR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER OR OTHER
Sohnius, A.
Belgian Patent 767,980
The absorbent material is hydrophobic and is kept in place with a
trellis. The system can be used to form oil spill barriers.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(3). Entry #199,495.
P-l84-74
CONTACTING PETROLEUM-REFINING WASTE WATERS WITH OXIDIZING AGENTS
BEFORE TREATING WITH ACTIVATED CARBON
Takadoi, T., and T. Hatta
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 71,758
227
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An oxidizing agent is contacted with petroleum refinery waste water
before activated carbon treatment so as to increase the treating
efficiency of the activated carbon.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry #175876q.
P-185-74
DISPOSAL OF SULFIDE-CONTAINING WASTE WATER WITH GENERATION OF
SYNTHESIS GAS
Tassoney, J. P., and R. M. Dille
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,304,273
Petroleum refinery wastes are mixed with a fuel and partially burned
in a gas generator for synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen sulfide, COS, methane, Ar,
and nitrogen. The synthesis gas is scrubbed by the feed water and
hydrogen sulfide gas is then recovered.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry #175841z.
P-186-74
REMOVING OILS AND EMULSIFIERS FROM LIQUIDS
Vostrcil, J.
Czechoslovakian Patent 154,102
"Cationic flocculants increased the sorption effect and output of
sedimentation filters charged with perlite type gas and/or silica.
The flocculants (.03 mg/g) were added to suspended material."
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(26). Entry #175893t.
P-l87-74
SEPARATION FOR IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS
Worlidge, R. F.
French Patent 2,205,826
An endless belt collects the liquid floating at the surface of a mixed
system. The belt is suspended from a drum which rotates, renewing
the collecting belt and scraping off the liquid.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts, 1975. 15(5). Entry #200,248.
228
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P-188-74
SEPARATION OF OIL-CONTAINING EMULSIONS FROM WASTE WATERS
Wunnenburger, H.
German (East) Patent 102,371
Waste water containing oil emulsions is treated with foamed poly-
styrene particles; after agitation, the emulsion is broken with the
oil adsorbed on the polystyrene particles, leaving about 25 mg/1
in the waste water. The polystyrene is then removed by gravity
filtration.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1974. 81(22). Entry #140645M.
229
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TOPIC CROSS REFERENCE
Reporting: C-469-74, C-507-74
Monitoring: C-491-74, C-505-74, C-514-74, C-528-74, C-603-74
Remote Sensing: C-483-74, C-547-74
Sampling: C-496-74, C-498-74, C-504-74, C-517-74
Analysis: C-459-74, C-469-74, C-470-74, C-472-74, C-477-74, C-479-74,
C-480-74, C-493-74, C-612-74, C-613-74, C-682-74, C-753-74,
C-766-74, R-110-74, P-174-74
Containment:
C-488-74, C-563-74, C-590-74, P-115-74, P-116-74, P-125-74,
P-134-74, P-140-74, P-142-74, P-149-74, P-153-74, P-183-74
Cleanup and Recovery:
C-456-74,
C-541-74,
C-598-74,
C-724-74,
R-099-74,
P-119-74,
P-129-74,
P-138-74,
P-146-74,
P-155-74,
P-160-74,
P-173-74,
C-466-74,
C-546-74,
C-658-74,
C-751-74,
R-112-74,
P-l 20-74,
P-l 30-74,
P-139-74,
P-l 48-74,
P-156-74,
P-161-74,
P-177-74,
C-471-74,
C-547-74,
C-686-74,
C-772-74,
P-113-74,
P-121-74,
P-132-74,
P-141-74,
P-150-74,
P-157-74,
P-163-74,
P-182-74,
C-521-74,
C-549-74,
C-700-74,
C-782-74,
P-114-74,
P-122-74,
P-l 33-74,
P-144-74,
P-151-74,
P-l 58-74,
P-164-74,
P-187-74
C-535-74,
C-550-74,
C-701-74,
C-787-74,
P-117-74,
P-124-74,
P-136-74,
P-145-74,
P-152-74,
P-159-74,
P-166-74,
Biological effects of oil pollution:
C-449-74, C-467-74, C-562-74,
C-672-74, C-708-74, C-766-74,
R-245-74
Physical effects of oil pollution: R-085-74
Chemical effects of oil pollution: R-085-74
General effects of oil pollution: C-494-74, C-530-74
Design and engineering:
C-464-74, C-465-74, C-481-74, C-484-74, C-487-74,
C-490-74, C-533-74, C-538-74, C-539-74, C-540-74,
C-559-74,
C-578-74,
C-543-74
C-567-74
C-546-74,
C-573-74,
C-561-74,
C-580-74,
C-566-74,
C-584-74,
C-587-74, C-589-74, C-662-74, C-663-74, C-669-74,
C-679-74, C-688-74, P-l65-74
230
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Oil handling: C-670-74, P-168-74, P-172-74, P-180-74
Waste water treatment: C-572-74, C-585-74, C-585-74, C-727-74, P-118-74,
P-123-74, P-126-74, P-127-74, P-128-74, P-131-74,
P-135-74, P-137-74, P-143-74, P-147-74, P-154-74,
P-162-74, P-167-74, P-169-74, P-170-74, P-171-74,
P-175-74, P-176-74, P-178-74, P-179-74, P-181-74,
P-184-74, P-185-74, P-186-74, P-188-74
Research: C-562-74, C-706-74
Regulations, standards and planning: C-552-74, C-560-74, C-771-74,
C-773-74, C-780-74, C-783-74
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production:
C-720-74, C-725-74, C-730-74, C-776-74, C-785-74
General effects of oil prospecting and production: C-709-74, C-712-74,
C-714-74, C-716-74, C-717-74, C-721-74, C-782-74
Biological degradation of oil in the environment: C-482-74, C-631-74,
P-132-74
Chemical changes of oil in the environment: C-522-74, C-632-74, C-734-74,
C-761-74
Physical changes of oil in the environment: C-508-74, O617-74, C-632-74,
C-718-74, C-734-74, C-746-74,
C-758-74
General fate of oil in the environment: C-596-74
State legislation: C-697-74
National legislation: C-687-74
International legislation: C-649-74, C-655-74, C-697-74, C-726-74
Foreign legislation: C-698-74
Bibliographies: C-563-74
231
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APPENDIX
Journals Scanned
Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants
Ambio
American Fisheries Society Newsletter
American Fisheries Society Transactions
American Naturalist
Applied Microbiology
Applied Science & Technology Index
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
Atlantic Naturalist
Audubon
Auk: A Quarterly Journal of Ornithology
Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
Biological Abstracts
Bioscience
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
California Fish and Game
Chemical Abstracts
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Week
Chemistry in Canada
Clean Air and Water News
Critical Reviews in Environmental Control
Crustacea
Current Contents: Life Sciences
Current Contents: Physical and Chemical Sciences
Ecological Monographs
Ecological Society of America Bulletin
Ecology Law Quarterly
Environment
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Action
Environmental Health and Pollution Control
Environmental Letters
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Science & Technology
Geotimes
Government Reports Announcements
Hydrobiologia
Index Medicus
International Aerospace Abstracts
Journal of Chromatography
Journal of Ecology
232
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Journal of Environmental Sciences
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
Journal of Fish Biology
Journal of Natural History
Journal of Petroleum Technology
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Limnology and Oceanography
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Journal
Marine Biology
Marine Fisheries Review
Marine Geology
Marine Technology Society, Journal
National Fisherman
National Petroleum News
National Research Council, News Report
National Wildlife
Natural History
Nature
Nautilus
Nippon Suisan Gakkai Shi. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of
Scientific Fisheries
Ocean Industry
Ocean Oil Weekly Report
Ocean Science News
Ocean Science on Station
Oceanic Abstracts
Oceans
Oceanus
Offshore
Oil and Gas Journal
Our Sun
Outdoor California
Pacific Oil World
Petroleum Abstracts
Pollution Abstracts
Proceedings in Print
Remote Sensing of the Environment
Research and Development News
Resources
Royal Society of London, Proceedings, Series B, Biological Sciences
Sea Frontiers
Sea Secrets
Science
Science News
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Selected References on Environmental Quality
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Sierra Club, San Francisco, Bulletin
233
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The Ecologist
The Engineering Index
The Geological Society of America Bibliography and Index of Geology
Toxicity Bibliography
Underwater Naturalist
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Water Newsletter
Water Pollution Abstracts
Water Pollution Control Federation, Journal
Water Research
Water Resources Research: A Journal of the Sciences of Water
Western Fisheries
234
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-670/2-75-059
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
February 1975 - April 1975
7. AUTHOR(S)
Floyd A. DeWitt, Jr., and Penelope Melvin
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
National Environmental Research Center
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
5. REPORT DATE
June 1975 (Issuing Date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BB041 (ROAP 21BEA, Task
008)
11. 9PW>«fX3r/GRANT NO.
R-803063
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Quarterly, Feb. 1975-Apr. 1975
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
See also EPA-670/2-75-003 (PB-240 719) and EPA-670/2-75-044
16. ABSTRACT
This report is the third quarterly compilation of oil spill events and oil pollution
report summaries. Presented in the report are: (a) summaries of oil spill events;
(b) summaries and bibliographic literature citations; (c) summaries of current
research projects; and (d) patent summaries. This report is submitted in partial
fulfillment of EPA Grant No. R-803063 by the Marine Science Institute, University of
California, Santa Barbara, under the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection
Agency.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
Bibliographies
Summaries
Patents
Documents
Research
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Oil pollution
Oil spill events
Oil spill research
Oil pollution control
Oil pollution patents
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI Field/Group
13B
21. NO. OF PAGES
247
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
235
•fr U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1975-657-594/5406 Region No. 5-11
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Industrial Waste Treatment Research Laboratory
Edison, New Jersey 08817
We are requesting your assistance upon receiving this report ("Oil
Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, February 1975 - April 1975").
Is the information usable?
Is the format helpful?
We invite your comments and suggestions. Thank you.
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(J
Name
Organization^
Address
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Mr. J. S. Dorrler
Industrial Waste Treatment Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Edison, New Jersey 08817
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