EPA-670/2-75-059
June 1975                    Environmental Protection Technology Series
                                OIL  POLLUTION
                          February  1375  -
                                        National Environmental Research Center
                                          Office of Research and Development
                                         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                    Cincinnati, Ohio 45268

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                                          EPA-670/2-75-059
                                          June  1975
      OIL  SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS

           February 1975 - April  1975
                       By

   Floyd A.  DeWitt, Jr., and  Penelope Melvin
           Marine Science Institute
           University of California
       Santa Barbara, California   93106
               Project No. R803063
          Program Element No.  1BB041
                 Project Officer

                  J.  S.  Dorrler
Industrial Waste Treatment Research  Laboratory
           Edison,  New Jersey  08817
          11 -                -,-^-T~  • ,
          U. o.  : .    . .   •     ).'i^'-v>..    •
          EOiSOi'i . ,  i.   U:,/
    NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH  CENTER
      OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
     U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
            CINCINNATI, OHIO  45268
       For tale by the Superintendent of Document*, U.S. Government
             Printing Office, Washington, O.C. 20402

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                      REVIEW NOTICE






     The National Environmental  Research Center-



Cincinnati has reviewed this report and approved its



publication.  Approval does not signify that the contents



necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S.



Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade



names or commercial products constitute endorsement or



recommendation for use.

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                        FOREWORD
     Man and his environment must be protected from the
adverse effects of pesticides, radiation, noise and other
forms of pollution, and the unwise management of solid waste.
Efforts to protect the environment require a focus that
recognizes the interplay between the components of our
physical environment—air, water, and land.  The National
Environmental Research Centers provide this multidisciplinary
focus through programs engaged in

    •   studies on the effects of environmental
        contaminants on man and the biosphere, and

    •   a search for ways to prevent contamination
        and to recycle valuable resources.

     The compilation and dissemination of pertinent informa-
tion is essential to understanding and management of the
environment.

     This report is the third in a series of quarterly reports
highlighting research and literature dealing with the prevention,
control and cleanup of oil spills.
                              A.  W.  Breidenbach, Ph.D.
                              Director
                              National Environmental  Research
                                Center, Cincinnati
                             m

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                    ABSTRACT

The February 1975 - April  1975 Oil  Spill  and Oil  Pollution
Report is the third quarterly compilation of oil  pollution
report summaries.

The following topics are included in the  report:
     a)  Summaries and bibliographic literature citations;
     b)  Current status of some of the research projects
         as listed in Reports I and II;
     c)  Summaries of additional current  research projects;
         and,
     d)  Patent summaries.

This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant
No. R803063 by the Marine Science Institute, University of
California, Santa Barbara, California, under the sponsorship
of the Environmental Protection Agency.
                             iv

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                                 CONTENTS

                                                                        Page
Abstract	    iv
Acknowledgments	    ix
Introduction	,	     x
Sections
I   Publications and Reports
    A.  Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
        1.   Reporting	     1
        2.   Monitoring	     6
        3.   Remote Sensing	,	    15
        4.   Sampling	    17
        5.   Analysis	    18
    B.  Oil Pollution Control
        1.   Containment	    31
        2.   Cleanup and Recovery	    37
    C.  Effects of Oil Pollution
        1.   Biological Effects 	    52
        2.   Physical Effects 	    70
        3.   Chemical Effects 	    71

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(cont'd)                                                                 Page
    D.  Oil  Pollution Prevention
       1.   Design and Engineering	       72
       2.   Oil  Handling	       75
       3.   Waste Water Treatment  	       77
       4.   Research	       86
       5.   Regulations, Standards  and Planning  	       88
    E.  Effects  of Oil Prospecting  and Production
        1.   Biological Effects 	       91
       2.   Physical Effects 	       95
       3.   Economic Effects 	       96
       4.   General Effects	       97
    F.   Fate of  Oil in the Environment
        1.   Biological Degradation  	      101
        2.   Chemical Changes 	      108
        3.   Physical Changes 	      110
        4.   General Fate of Oil  	      113
    G.   Oil  Pollution Legislation
        1.   State Legislation  	      114
        2.   National Legislation 	      115
        3.   International Legislation  	      117
        4.   Foreign Legislation  	      119
    H.   Bibliographies	      121

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(cont'd)                                                                   Page

  II  Current Status of Some of the Research Projects as Listed
     in Previous Reports
     A.  Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
         1.  Monitoring	     123
         2.  Remote Sensing	     126
         3.  Analysis	     130
     B.  Oil Pollution Control
         1.  Containment	     135
         2.  Cleanup and Recovery	     136
     C.  Effects of Oil Pollution
         1.  Biological Effects  	     137
         2.  Physical Effects 	     155
         3.  Economic Effects 	     157
         4.  General Effects	     158
     D.  Oil Pollution Prevention
         1.  Oil Handling	     159
         2.  Waste Water Treatment	,	     161
         3.  Research	     162
     E.  Fate of Oil in the Environment
         1.  Biological Degradation  	     164
         2.  General  	     172
     F.  Legal Aspects of Oil Pollution  	     173
                                    vn

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 (cont'd)                                                                 Page
III   Current Research Projects
      A.   Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
          1.   Monitoring	      174
          2.   Remote Sensing	      175
          3.   Analysis	      176
      B.   Oil Pollution Control
          1.   Containment	      178
          2.   Cleanup and Recovery	      179
      C.   Effects of Oil Pollution
          1.   Biological	      181
          2.   Physical	      185
      D.   Oil Pollution Prevention
          1.   Design and Engineering	      186
          2.   Waste Water Treatment  	      187
          3.   Personnel Training and Education 	      188
          4.   Research	      189
      E.   Fate of Oil in the Environment
          1.   Biological Degradation 	      190
      F.   Legal Aspects of Oil  Pollution 	      192
 IV   Patents
      A.   United States Patents   	      193
      B.   Foreign Patents	      216
 Topic Cross Reference	      230
 Appendix	      232
                                    vm

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                     ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

     The authors would like to thank Ms, Robin Quetin for
assisting in compiling and summarizing entries, and Ms. Mary
Ankeny and Ms. Yvonne Pommerville for typing the camera-ready
copy of Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports.  Suggestions for
improvement of the format or content will be gratefully received.

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                              INTRODUCTION


The purpose of the "Oil Spill  and Oil  Pollution Reports" series is to
present a concise, comprehensive information source on oil  pollution
events, current research and oil pollution related publications.   This
is the third quarterly edition of "Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports."
Included are bibliographic citations and summaries of articles from the
scientific and technical literature (Section I), the status and results
of Current Research Project entries listed in Reports I and II (Section
II), additional Current Research Projects (Section III)., and oil
pollution related patents (Section IV).  Unlike the first edition, a
section on oil spill events is not included, but will appear in subsequent
oil pollution reports.

The sources of the bibliographic citations and summaries of articles
presented in Section I are scientific, technical and abstract journals.
A list of the periodicals reviewed is provided in the appendix.  The
summarized material is grouped according to subject and then arranged
alphabetically by senior author within each subject division.  New subject
headings have been added to the subject outline and include subtopics
relating to the Fate of Oil in the Environment (Biological  degradation,
Physical changes. Chemical changes and General), and subtopics covering
areas of Waste Water Treatment and oil pollution Regulations, Standards
and Planning (listed under the heading Oil Pollution Prevention).
Bibliographic citations, as well as Current Research Project entries
appearing in this report are arranged according to the expanded subject
outline.

Section II lists Current Research Project entries appearing in Reports I
and II and includes descriptive project information provided upon request
by the principal investigators and/or performing organization.  All reports
and publications are entered in summary form.  The entries in Section II
are not complete in that status information is not given for all  research
projects listed in Reports I and II.  Some responses to request letters
were not received prior to publication date.  At the end of each entry,
the name and address of the project information source are given.

Current Research Project summaries (Section III) are grouped according
to subject and then arranged alphabetically by senior principal investi-
gator within each subject division.  Some of the Current Research Projects
listed in previous Oil Pollution Reports have been recently renewed.
These projects have been relisted and are headed by the same serial number
as originally reported, followed by the word (Renewal).  All the research
project information was obtained from the Smithsonian Science  Information
Exchange (SSIE).

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Patent summaries are divided into United States and foreign subsections
and arranged alphabetically by inventor in each section.   All  patent
information is obtained from abstract journals.  Illustrations of United
States patented devices are obtained from the U.S.  Patent Office Official
Gazette.

All report entries are serialized.  Each section has its own number
series.  The serial numbers in this report are a continuation of the
numbering system appearing in Reports I and II.  The letters preceding
the serial numbers designate the following sections:  C, citations
from the literature; R, research projects; P, patents.  This number
series will continue in subsequent reports.  Many of the entries can be
included under more than one subject heading.  Following each summary
are listed any other topics under which the entry can be categorized.
A subject cross index is provided at the end of the report.
                                    XI

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                  SECTION I.  PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS

A.  OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION

    1.   REPORTING


        C-448-74
        (no title)

        Anon.  1975.
        Ocean Oil Weekly Report 9(16):1.

        A report entitled "Petroleum in the Marine Environment," prepared
        by the Ocean Affairs Board of the National Research Council,
        National Academy of Sciences, has indicated that oil pollution
        entering the oceans from offshore oil operations is the least
        significant oil  pollution source.  River and urban runoff,
        coastal refineries, industrial  wastes and natural seeps are
        reported as more significant sources of oil pollution, with
        transportation operations rated as the greatest contributor.

        Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
        C-449-74
        HOW MUCH OIL IS SPILLED

        Anon.  1975.
        Science News 107(3):41.

        The article reports the estimates made by the Ocean Affairs Board
        of the National Research Council  of the amount of oil  contamination
        in the oceans.   The Board favors  a conservative estimate of around
        6.1 million tons/year, with severe ecological effects  in localized
        areas.  The researchers emphasize that knowledge in this area is
        grossly inadequate and further studies are needed to determine the
        actual biological  effects of oil  and dispersants.

        Biological  effects of oil pollution

        Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
        C-450-74
        LIBERIAN TANKER SPILLS BUNKER C IN BANTRY BAY

        Anon.   1974.
        The Oil  and Gas Journal  73(3):49.

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The article reports the spilling of 451  tons of bunker fuel  into
Bantry Bay, Ireland, as a result of the collision of a supertanker
and a tugboat.  Cleanup operations are reported to be underway.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-451-74
OIL SPILL PERSPECTIVES

Anon.  1975.
Chemistry in Canada 27(1):9.

Possible quantities of spilled oil and tar off the British Columbia
coast, as stated by Canada's prime minister, Jeanne Sauve, are
reported in the article.  Sauve1s comments given at a Marine
Pollution Symposium on future environmental management and compre-
hensive approaches to marine pollution prevention are also presented.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-452-74
SEVENTEEN OIL SPILLS IN NORTH ALASKA SINCE 1969

Anon.  1975.
Science News 104(6):86-87.

Although construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline will  not begin
until summer, 1975, at least seventeen oil spills have been
reported at facilities on the slopes since drilling began in 1969.
Oil spill events, spill recovery and caution on the part of the
oil companies are discussed.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-453-74
TRANSLATIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, NO. 48

Anon. 1974.
Translations of Monographs from various journals.  53 p.

A section on the increasing dangers of oil pollution in Gulf
waters is one of the topics included in the translations.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  74(23).  Entry #JPRS-62763.

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C-454-74
OIL ACCIDENTS ENDANGERING WATER SUPPLIES.  II:  THE PRESENT STATE
OF THE PROBLEM

Boettcher, F.  1973.
GWF Wasser Abwasser 114(10}:488-489.

The report surveys statistical data on the occurrences and causes
of oil spills in the Federal  Republic of Germany from the period
1964 to the present.  Oil leakage from tankers, discharges of
excess oil in various locations, and poor maintenance of equip-
ment are reported as some of the frequent causes of oil pollution.

Citation Source:  Environmental Health and Pollution Control,
                  1974.  6(1).  Entry #244.
C-455-74
GROUNDED SHIP IS SALVAGE CHALLENGE

Frye, J.  1975.
National Fisherman 55(11):11-B, 15-B.

The article reviews the disastrous grounding of the supertanker
 Metula.  chartered by a subsidiary of the Royal Dutch Shell
Group, on August 9, 1974.   The tanker grounded when it ran out
of the 62 ft. depth necessary for passage in the Straits of
Magellan.  An estimated 54,000 tons of Persian light crude oil
were spilled.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-456-74
TROPICAL STORM AGNES PENNSYLVANIA'S TORREY CANYON

Kaiser, R., D. Jones, and H. Lamp'l.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March 1973, Washington, D.  C., 4172.  p.  569-577.

The paper reports the occurrence of the largest inland oil spill
disaster in U. S. history caused by Tropical Storm Agnes,  and the
actions taken by the Environmental Protection Agency in coping
with the oil spill.  Major spill effects, cleanup operations and
problems encountered are discussed.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13018.

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C-457-74
AN ANALYSIS OF OIL OUTFLOWS DUE TO TANKER ACCIDENTS

Keith, V. F., and J. D. Porricelli.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March 1973, Washington, D.  C., 4172.  p.  3-14.

The paper presented an analysis which calculated the amount of oil
entering the sea due to worldwide tanker casualties during 1969
and 1970.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q12993M.
C-458-74
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR HARBORS

Monney, N. T.  1973.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 16(4):17-21.

Included in this paper dealing with problems involved with
discharges from vessels, is a discussion of oil  pollution from
vessels.  An estimate of 5 million metric tons  of oil discharged
from nonrecreational ships in 1970 is reported.

Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.  1974.  11(6).   Entry #05600.
C-459-74
PETROLEUM RESIDUES IN THE SARGASSO SEA AND ON BERMUDA BEACHES

Morris, B. F., and J. W. Butler.   1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March 1973, Washington, D.  C.  41721  p. 521-572.

"Tar lumps" amount to 86,000 metric tons  in the Northwest  Atlantic;
most of the tar is found in the Sargasso  Sea.  Chemical character-
istics suggest that the source of the tar lumps is crude oil sludge
from tanker washings.  Degradation is on  the order of years.

Analysis

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13060M.

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C-460-74
TAR POLLUTION OF SIERRA LEONE BEACHES

Okera, W.  1974.
Nature 252(5485):682.

The article reports the appearance of pelagic tar on the sandy
beaches of Sierra Leone during the period June, 1973 to July,
1974.  The origin and fate of the tar lumps are discussed.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-461-74
THE PRESENT STATE OF CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTION IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC

Simonov, A. I., S. G. Oradovsky, and A. A. Yushchak.  1974.
Meteoroligiia I Gidrologiia 3:61-69.

Information on the amounts of oil, mercury, detergents and
pesticides in the North Atlantic in 1972-1973 is presented and
the significance of circulation in pollutant transport in these
waters is discussed.

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts.   1974.  6(1).  Entry #75-00251
C-462-74
NATURAL MARINE OIL SEEPAGE

Wilson, R. D., et al.  1974.
Science 184(4139):857-865.

The yearly oil input into the oceans from naturally occurring
marine seepage has been estimated to be 0.6 x 106 metric tons/yr.
High seep potential areas in the Pacific Ocean are the major
contributors.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.

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2.  MONITORING


    C-463-74
    COLOR CODING OF OIL SPILLS

    Alfonzo, A., and H. G.  Schwartzberg.   1974.
    Engineering Bulletin,  Purdue University,  Engineering Extension
    Series (141).   Part 2:939-951.

    "Petroleum can be coded by the  addition of 0.5 -  10 ppm of oil-
    soluble dyes.    Petroleum concentrations  relative to the oil  color
    can be determined by visible light spectrophotometry."

    Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.   1974.   81(22).   Entry
                      #140549h.
    C-464-74
    DICTAPHONE OFFERS HYDROCARBON DETECTOR

    Anon.   1974.
    Chemical & Engineering News.   52(51):16.

    The design and development of a  line of instruments  used to  detect
    combustible hydrocarbons  are  described.  The systems can be  adapted
    for use wherever hydrocarbons are produced,  processed,  stored or
    transported.

    Design and engineering

    Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
    C-465-74
    OIL CONTENT MONITOR AND CONTROLLER

    Anon.
    Product Information.

    The Hyde Oil Content Monitor is  a detection instrument which is
    reported to provide continuous  surveillance of waste streams and
    treatment system effluents.   It  is able to measure trace quantities
    of oil as low as 1  ppm.  The operation, features  and specifications
    of the monitor are  given.

    Design and engineering

    Information Source:  E. E.  Heidenreich, Hyde Products, Inc., 810
                         Sharon  Dr., Westlake, Ohio 44145.

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C-466-74
OIL SPILL DETECTOR

Anon.  1974.
Environmental Science & Technology 8(10):948.

The operation of a floating unit which is useful in the detection
and recovery of spilled oil is described.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-467-74
WIDESPREAD OIL AND PLASTIC CONTAMINANTS IN ATLANTIC

Anon.  1974.
Sea Technology 52(2):25-27.

Two NOAA surveys, conducted in 1972 and 1973, examined the extent
of floating oil and plastic contaminants in the U. S. East Coast
oceanic waters.  Oils and plastics appeared in every area sampled
and >50% of all plankton samples were tainted with oil.

Biological effects of oil pollution

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(9).  Entry #4Q9552M.
C-468-74
LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF SOLUTES DISSOLVED IN WATER FROM A
REMOTE PLATFORM

Brown, C. W.  1974.
U. S. NTIS Report PB 233 432/4GA.  19 p.

An optical system for obtaining remote Raman spectra of ionic
solutes dissolved in water was developed for use in detecting
N0~~, oil slicks on water surfaces, and dissolved SOA^", P0.*~,
and C032~.                                          4      4

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(6).  Entry #34895d.

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C-469-74
PELAGIC TAR FROM BERMUDA AND THE SARGASSO SEA

Butler, J. N., B. F. Morris, and J. Sass.  1973.
Bermuda Biological Station for Research,Special Publication (10):
1-346.

From surveys of pelagic tar lumps in the Atlantic Ocean, it has
been reported that highest concentrations occur in the Sargasso
Sea (2-40 mg/mz).  The chemical composition and possible sources
of pelagic tar on Bermuda beaches and in the Sargasso Sea are
discussed.

Reporting
Analysis

Citation Source:  Biological Abstracts.  1974.  58(12)  Entry
                  #69251.
C-470-74
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS AND FOR INTER-
PRETATION OF DATA TO ASSESS OIL SPILL EFFECTS IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS

Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March 1973, Washington, D. C.  4172.  p. 161-172.

The feasibility of using aquatic organisms which originally
contained biogenic n-paraffin hydrocarbons as indicators of
petroleum pollution is reported.  The analytical techniques used
to isolate and identify n-paraffin hydrocarbons from plant,
animal, petroleum and sediment samples are described.

Analysis

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).  Entry
                  #138249s.
C-471-74
THE SEARCH FOR CLEAN AIR

Duskin, K.  1973-1974 winter.
Quest 11(2):22-23.

The article describes the work conducted on a 22 day voyage of
the German oceanic vessel "Meteor."  Types and concentrations of
hydrocarbons in the air and in certain Atlantic Ocean and Sargasso
Sea surface waters were measured and removal mechanisms of natural
hydrocarbons were studied.
                                 8

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Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.  1974.  11(6).  Entry
                  #74-05622.
C-472-74
IDENTIFICATION OF OIL POLLUTANTS:  A REVIEW OF SOME RECENT METHODS

Gruenfeld, M.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 179-193.

Passive tagging of oils can be done using indices such as vanadium,
nickel, sulfur and nitrogen content, gas chromatographic profile
appearance, and carbon and sulfur isotope ratios.  These indices
are determined using a wide spectrum of instruments and techniques.

Analysis

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q12999M.


C-473-74
DETECTION OF FLOATING OILS ON WATER [English Summary]

Hagiwara, K., T. Tanaka, Y. Murakami, K. Hiiro, and A. Hawahara.
1974.
Bunseki Kagaku 23(7)-.794-795.

An automatic device has been developed which detects the presence
of floating oils as thin as a few microns by collecting the oils
on a translucent polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride film and
measuring the light absorbance for the polymer film with the oils.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).  Entry
                  #175773d.

C-474-74
HYDROCARBONS IN (AEROBIC) SEDIMENTS OF INLAND WATERS IN THE
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Hellman, H., and M. Holeczek.  1974.
Deutsche Gewaesserkundliche Mitteilungen 18(4):96-100.

An attempt was made to determine the concentration and distribution
of various hydrocarbons, particularly the paraffins, in sediments
of German inland waters; and to compare them to that of petroleum
products (fuel oil, lubrication oils).

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1975.
                  4(11).  Entry #4Q11214F.

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C-475-74
PROMPT DETECTION AND TRACING OF OILS AND OTHER DETRIMENTAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT

Jeltes, R.  1974.
Water Research 8(11) :977-987.

The author suggests the establishment of small environmental
"first-aid" laboratories in the world for administering quick and
effective assistance in the detection of oil  or other toxic materials
in water.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.   1975.  13(1).
                  Entry #006863.
C-476-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A FLOATING OIL SLICK DETECTOR

Kriebel, A. R.  1973.
NTIS Report AD-777 023/3WP.   139 p.

The laboratory tests undertaken to develop a floating oil  detector
are described.  The operation and limitations of the detector are
given.

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.   1974.   4(12).   Entry
                  #12-74-10232.
C-477-74
C1 - C4 HYDROCARBONS IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH PACIFIC

Lamontagne, R. A., J. W. Swinnerton, and V. J.  Linnenbon.   1974.
Tellus 26(l-3):71-77.

Low molecular weight hydrocarbons in surface waters of the North
and South Pacific have been determined.  Average concentrations and
locations of the C, - C. hydrocarbons in these  regions are given.

Analysis

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).   Entry
                  #138840c.
                                10

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C-478-74
A TECHNIQUE FOR PREDICTING THE MOVEMENT OF OIL SPILLS IN NEW YORK
HARBOR

Lissauer, I. M.  1974.
Final Report, No. CGR/DC-8/74, USCG-D-6-75.  59 p.

The following topics are reviewed in the report:  New York Harbor
experiments; factors determining the movement of oil  spills;
potential oil pollution sites—Upper New York Bay.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.   1974.  7(25).
                  Entry # AD-786 627/OGA.
C-479-74
HYDROCARBON POLLUTION IN THE WATERS OF THE UPPER ADRIATIC

Majori, L., F. Petronio, and G.  Nedoclan.   1973.
In:  Proceedings of the 5th International  Colloquium of Medical
Oceanography, Messina, October 4-7, 1971.   S.  Genovese (editor),
Messina, Italy,  p. 449-473.

Data are presented on superficial  and residual  oil  determinations
in the Gulf of Trieste.  Widespread pollution  was detected with
pollution reaching high values in  limited  areas.

Analysis

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.   1974,
                  4(9).  Entry #4Q9599M.
C-480-74
MEASUREMENT OF HYDROCARBONS IN WATER:   APPLICATION TO CASES OF SURFACE
WATER POLLUTION

Mallevialle, J.  1974.
Water Research 8(12):1071-1075.

The aim of the author was to observe changes in the amount of hydro-
carbons in a river, upstream and downstream from an industrial
estate.  It was concluded that hydrocarbons in water can be measured
by extraction with carbon tetrachloride,fluorisil  chromatography
and measurement of absorption over the 3000-2800 cm"  infrared range.

Analysis

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
                                  11

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C-481-74
OIL-ON-WATER SENSOR

McCormack, K., G. Fournier, and W. Knight.   1975.
Contract DPT-C6-31888-A, AD-784104; TI-UI-998200-01-F; USCG-D-87-74.
NTIS Report CSCL 17/5.  206 p.

This final report describes the prototype equipment, construction
and development of the Oil-on-Water Sensor, a system which detects
the presence of oil on water by emitting a  wideband IR impulse and
receiving reflection at two narrow spectral bands.

Design and Engineering

Citation Source:  Scientific and Technical  Aerospace Reports.   1975.
                  13(2).  Entry #N75-11454.
C-482-74
DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROCARBON-OXIDIZING MICROORGANISMS IN SOME SEAS

Mironov, 0. G.  1973.
In:  Proceedings of the 5th International  Colloquium of Medical
Oceanography, Messina, October 4-7, 1971.   S.  Genovese (editor),
Messina, Italy,  p. 315-324.

The paper focuses on the relationship between  the presence of hydro-
carbon-utilizing microorganisms in the oceans  and the pollution  of
the sea by oil.  The role of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria as
indicators of oil pollution is considered.

Biological degradation

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(9).  Entry #4Q9598M.
C-483-74
OIL SPILL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM STUDY

Mohr, D., K. McCormack, G.  Brewster, and G.  Fournier.   1973.
Environmental Protection Agency, Technology  Series, Report
EPA-R2-73-215.  GPO Sup. Doc. EP1.23/2:73-215.   215 p.

Studies testing the ability of active and passive infrared sensor
systems to detect petroleum on water were conducted.  A combination
of the two systems is recommended as an effective oil  detection-
                                12

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monitoring device, since the active sensor provides absolute oil
spill detection for ranges to 300 feet, and the passive sensor
determines oil volume, areal coverage and probable oil detection
for ranges to 1000 ft.

Remote Sensing

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.  8(1),
                  Entry #W75-00007.
C-484-74
A PORTABLE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE DISSOLVED
HYDROCARBONS IN SEAWATER

Perras, J. C.  1973.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-2-75, CGR/DC-10/74.  Contract DOT-CG-21660-A-3.
53 p.

The project's objective was to develop an automated portable gas
chromatographic technique useful aboard small  vessels to detect
the presence of dissolved hydrocarbons in seawater and measure
their concentrations.  A summary of progress in the development of
the apparatus is presented.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.   7(25).
                  Entry #AD-786 583/5GA.
C-485-74
ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE WATER POLLUTANTS

Seklon, K. S., and R. C. Binder.  1973.
Proceedings of 2nd Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental
Pollutants, Washington, D. C.  p. 177-184.

Ultrasonic velocity and absorption of sound were measured to determine
the extent of pollution in fresh and seawater by crude oil, diesel
oil and Cl solution.  The sonic velocity, velocity gradient with
respect to pollutant temperature, velocity  gradient with respect
to pollutant concentration, and percent attenuation were used in
the determinations.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(24).  Entry #138426a.
                                 13

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C-486-74
OCEANIC DISTRIBUTION OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS

Swinnerton, J. W., and R. A.  Lamontagne.   1974.
Environmental Science & Technology 8(7):657-663.

Data are provided on the concentration and distribution of low-
molecular-weight hydrocarbons in surface  waters  of the Gulf of
Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic and Pacific oceans and other
seas.

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.   1974.   4(12).
                  Entry #12-74-10213.
C-487-74
INFRARED OIL FILM MONITOR

Wright & Wright, Inc.  1975.
Marine Technology Society Journal 9(l):22-24.

The design and operation of the infrared oil film monitor are
described.  The instrument consists of a transmitter which projects
a light beam to the water surface, and a receiver, which analyzes
the reflected infrared light from the water's  surface.  An alarm
is activated when oil is detected.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Wright & Wright, Inc., Environmental Engineers,
                  16 Braeland Ave., Newton Centre, Massachusetts
                  02159.
                                14

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3.   REMOTE SENSING

    C-488-74
    VOLUMETRIC DETERMINATION OF  MARINE  OIL  SPILLS  USING COORDINATED
    AIRBORNE AND SURFACE  SAMPLING  DATA

    Estes, J. E., P.  G. Mikolaj, R.  R.  Thaman, and L. W. Senger.   1973.
    Proceedings of Joint  Conference  on  Prevention  and Control of Oil
    Spills, 13-15 March,  1973, Washington,  D.C., 4172.  p.  117-125.

    "Methods and equipment are described  which are used to  obtain
    ground truth data on  oil slick thickness, and  techniques for
    interpreting these data by means of remotely sensed imagery.   The
    method is applied to  at-sea  tests of  an oil containment barrier."

    Containment

    Citation Source:   Aquatic Sciences  &  Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                      4(12). Entry  #4Q12995M.

    C-489-74
    THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL  AIRBORNE LASER OIL SPILL REMOTE
    SENSING SYSTEM

    Fantasia, J. F.,  and  H. C. Ingrao.  1973.
    Proceedings of Joint  Conference  on  Prevention  and Control of Oil
    Spills, 13-15 March,  1973, Washington,  D.C., 4172.  p.  101-115.

    Laser stimulated  oil  fluorescence is  used as a technique for
    remote detection  and  coarse  oil  classification of oil spills.
    Quantification is possible under certain conditions.

    Citation Source:   Aquatic Sciences  &  Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                      4(12). Entry  #4Q13141M.

    C-490-74
    DEVELOPMENT OF U.S. COAST GUARD  PROTOTYPE AIRBORNE OIL  SURVEILLANCE
    SYSTEM

    Ketchel, R. J., and A. T. Edgerton.  1973.
    Proceedings of Joint  Conference  on  Prevention  and Control of Oil
    Spills, 13-15 March,  1973, Washington,  D.C., 4172.  p.  127-137.

    Multispectral sensors, operating from the UV to the microwave
    region of the electromagnetic  spectrum, will form a system  for
    day/night all-weather airborne monitoring of oil spills at  sea.
    Aerojet Electrosystems Company is the designer of the system.

    Design and engineering

    Citation Source:   Aquatic Sciences  &  Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                      4(12). Entry  #4Q13142.

                                   15

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C-491-74
POLARIZATION:  A KEY TO AN AIRBORNE OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR THE
DETECTION OF OIL ON WATER

Millard, J. P., and J. C. Arvesen.  1973.
Science 180:1170-1171.

"Skylight polarization, varying with the sun's position in the
sky, influences the contrast of oil on water.  Good contrast is
most consistently obtained by viewing in azimuth directions
toward or away from the sun, and the contrast is enhanced by
imaging selected polarization components and by taking the
difference between orthogonal polarization components."

Monitoring

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-492-74
ARIAL (sic) DETECTION OF SPILL SOURCES

Rudder, C. L., A. G. Wallace, and C. J. Reinheimer.  1973.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Monitoring.  Environmental Protection Technology Series EPA-R2-
73-289.  32 p.

Aerial photographs of oil refineries are included in an imagery
interpretation key of the petroleum industry, developed in
conjunction with an aerial surveillance spill prevention system.
Potential spill sources, as related to processing systems, product
storage, and disposition of by-products are identified.

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts.  1975.  6(1).
                  Entry #75-00465.
                                16

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4.   SAMPLING


    C-493-74
    EVAPORATION OF BOAT DEPLOYABLE  THIN  FILM  OIL  SAMPLERS

    Chang, W.  J., and W. A.  Saner.   1974.
    Offshore Technology Conference, 6th  Annual, Preprint of  Paper,
    Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.   1:577-583.  Paper 1996.

    A series of tests were made evaluating  the operation and
    efficiency of sorbent oil  samplers.  Gas  chromatography, ultra-
    violet fluorescence and  infrared spectrophotometry were
    techniques used to assess  the sampler's ability to maintain
    the chemical integrity of  three different oils  tested.

    Analysis

    Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.   1974.   12(11).
                      Entry  #074493.
    C-494-74
    TAR POLLUTION SURVEY AT GOLDEN  BEACH,  FLORIDA

    Curtis, M.,  and W.  Saner.   1974.
    Final  Report, No.  CGR/DC-14/74, USCG-D-3-75.   38 p.

    A study,which focused on ambient  levels  of tar pollution  of  a
    beach  area on the  Southeast Florida  coast, evaluated  the  effect
    of sampling  zones  of various sizes,  and  determined the  effect  of
    tar buildup  on the beach with time,  and  the effect of wind on
    tar deposition.

    General effects of oil  pollution

    Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.   1974.   7(25)
                      Entry IAD-786 632/OGA.
                                  17

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5.  ANALYSIS


    C-495-74
    A METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF OIL FROM AN AQUEOUS OIL-DETERGENT
    SOLUTION PRIOR TO IR ANALYSIS

    Adams, C. E.  1974.
    Final  Report, No. NOLTR-74-102.   15 p.

    A procedure is described which allows for the analysis  of oil-in-
    water solutions in the presence of dissolved detergents,  using
    the CC14 extraction-IR spectrophotometric method.   In a previous
    test,  the procedure  effectively removed all the detergent in
    solution, leaving a  CCl4-oil solution for analysis.

    Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements,  1974.  7(25),
                      Entry #AD-786 703/9GA.   .
    C-496-74
    SAMPLING ERRORS IN THE QUANTIFICATION OF PETROLEUM IN BOSTON
    HARBOR WATER

    Ahmed, S. M., M. D. Beasley, A.  C.  Efromsen, and R.  A.  Hites.   1974.
    Analytical Chemistry 46(12):1858-1860.

    The article describes the results of tests measuring the precision
    and accuracy of sampling methods for determining petroleum amounts
    discharged into large bodies of water.  The oil  recovery by CC14
    sampling was 100%, whereas the oil  recovery by the foam adsorption
    method was much less.

    Sampling

    Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).  Entry #140616c.
    C-497-74
    SOLUBILIZATION OF HYDROCARBONS BY THE DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER IN
    THE SEA

    Boehm, P. D., and J. G. Quinn.  1973.
    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37(11):2459-2477.

    Analyses were conducted which determined the ability of water
    samples from Narragansett Bay and Providence River, and fulvic
    acid/saline water solutions to solubilize n-alkane, pristane and
    aromatic hydrocarbons and dibutyl phthalate.  The results of the
    experiments are presented.

    Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                      7(24).  Entry # W74-13166.

                                     18

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C-498-74
DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY HYDROCARBONS IN SOME ATLANTIC OCEAN WATERS

Brown, R. A., T. D. Sear!, J. J. Elliot, and B. C. Phillips.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 2172.  p.  505-519.

Four hundred water samples were collected from two well traveled
tanker routes (U.S. Gulf Coast to East Coast and Caribbean to
East Coast) at a depth of 10 m and at the surface.  Each sample
was analyzed for hydrocarbon content, and it was found that non-
volatile hydrocarbons were present in the concentration range of
0.001 to 0.012 ppm weight.  Sampling and analysis methods are
described.

Sampling

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q12187M.
C-499-74
CONTACT (OIL) WATER DETERMINATION IN TERRESTRIAL WATERS USING AN
OCEANOGRAPHIC METHOD

Buljan, M.  1974.
Acta Adriatica 15(4):1-19.

The paper describes a method for discriminating between contact
water (waters containing natural petroleum) and natural waters.
The technique involves the finding of two properties:  sulfate
balance and the index of aeration.

Citation Source:   Biological Abstracts.   1974.  58(11).
                  Entry #60021.
C-500-74
DETERMINATION USING MODERN METHODS OF IMPURITIES POLLUTING THE
WASTE WATERS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES [English Translation]

Chernatskaya, A. N.  1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv  i Masel 9:24-25.

"A review is given discussing methods and apparatus for deter-
mining the title impurities."

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(6).  Entry #34738e.
                                 19

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C-501-74
COMPARATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF OIL SPILLS BY FLUORESCENCE
SPECTROSCOPY FINGERPRINTING

Coakley, VI. A.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  215-222.

A simple method has been developed for the comparative  identi-
fication of oil spills with suspect source oils using fluorescence
spectroscopy fingerprinting.  An explanation of the technique is
given.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13001G.
C-502-74
MICRODETERMINATION OF GASOLINE IN POTABLE WATERS BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY

DelTAcqua, R., and B. Bush.  1973.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical  Chemistry
3(2):141-146.

The analytical method to identify and quantitatively determine
levels of gasoline in potable water is described.

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts.  1975.  6(1).
                  Entry #75-00317.
C-503-74
CORRELATION OF PHASE INVERSION WITH STABILITY OF OIL-IN-WATER
EMULSIONS STABILIZED BY (POLYOXYETHYLENE)4 CETYL ETHER

Enever, R. P.  1974.
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 26 (Supplement):128p-129p.

The paper examines the correlation between the phase inversion
temperatures of oil-in-water emulsions and the emulsion stability,
assessed by measurement of globule coalescence rates.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-504-74
SOME PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE COLLECTION OF MARINE SAMPLES
AND ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS

Farrington, J. W.  1974.
NTIS Report AD-777 695/8WP.  24 p.
                                20

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The author discusses the problems associated with collecting and
analyzing hydrocarbon samples under contaminant-free conditions
and the use of accurate techniques used in other laboratories.

Sampling

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.  4(12)
                  Entry:  12-74-10237.
C-505-74
HYDROCARBONS IN SPRING WATERS.  OIL POLLUTION OR NATURAL SUBSTANCES

Hellmann, H.  1974.
Tenside Detergents 11(4):197-201.

Gas chromatographic and IR-spectrosopic analyses of hydrocarbons
in spring waters indicated seasonal changes in the concentrations
of straight chain and branched Ci4_38 paraffins.  The hydrocarbons
were mainly of biogenous origin.

Monitoring

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(6).  Entry #34781p.
C-506-74
DISCRIMINATION OF WASTE OILS BY MICRO-EMISSION SPECTROCHEMICAL
ANALYSIS

Johnson, J. D., and H. R. Gram.  1974.
Final Report, Phase 1, No. 0236  USCG-D-21-75, Contract DOT-CG-
33-185.  57 p.

A micro-emission spectrochemical technique has been developed
which is able to discriminate waste oil from unused oil products
recovered from the surface of navigable waters, by determination
of the metal content of the oil.  Tests were conducted on oil
samples exposed to seawater and river water extractions in the
laboratory and also on oil samples naturally weathered on the
surface of brackish tidal water from an estuary.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.  7(26)
                  Entry #AD-787 717/8GA.
C-507-74
AN ANALYSIS OF OIL OUTFLOWS DUE TO TANKER ACCIDENTS 1971-1972

Jones, E. L.  1973.
Final Report, No.  USCG-D-81-74, Contract DOT-CG-31445-A.   169 p.
                               21

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An analysis of the estimated oil outflow resulting from 1587
reported tanker casualties occurring in 1971-1972 is  presented.
Results of the analysis are compared to results of studies of
oil tanker casualties occurring in the 1969-1970 period.

Reporting

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.   1974.
                  75(15).   Entry #AD-780 315/8GA.
C-508-74
APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF BIFURCATES PLUME TO SOME OIL
POLLUTION PROBLEMS IN THE STRAIT OF GEORGIA

Khandekar, M. L., and T.  S.  Murty.   1973.
In:  Proceedings of Canadian Society for Civil Engineering,
1st Canadian Hydraulics Conference, Alberta University, Edmonton,
May 10-11, 1973.  Alberta University Water Resources Center
Publication No. 4:273-286.

Analyses were conducted to determine the effect of stratification
on the spread of oil leaking from a grounded ship in three areas
in the Strait of Georgia.  Studies  were made under a range of
tidal and wind generated current conditions, using various
densities of crude oils as well  as  analyzing different leakage
rates.

Physical changes of oil in the environment

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(23).   Entry # W74-12100.
C-509-74
MINERAL OIL LOADING OF LAKE OF CONSTANCE SEDIMENTS

Koelle, W.  1974.
Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Berlin), KFK 1969 UF, 8-16.

Hydrocarbons of biological and mineral oil  origin were distinguished
with a '^C technique.  Biological  hydrocarbons increase near the
shore, whereas mineral oil hydrocarbons are distributed uniformly.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(3).  Entry #47441c.
                                22

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C-510-74
ALKANES AT THE AIR-SEA INTERFACE FROM OFFSHORE LOUISIANA AND
FLORIDA

Ledet, E. J., and J. L. Laseter.  1974.
Science 186(4160):261-263.

Alkanes at the air-sea interface were analyzed in samples collected
from three areas located off Louisiana and Florida.  From the gas
chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses, it was suggested
that such alkanes are entering the marine environment from a wide
variety of biological sources as well as from natural seepage and
man's activities.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-511-74
WATER-SOLUBLE HYDROCARBONS FROM CRUDE OIL

Lee, C. C., et a!.   1974.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 12(2):212-217.

A study was initiated which examined the properties and amounts
of water-soluble materials that are derived from crude oils and
which continue to have an impact on the environment after petroleum
spills are cleaned up.  It was found that hydrocarbon compositions
in different oils are distinct and serve as an aid in identifying
the original oil.

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.   4(12).
                  Entry #19-74-10461.
C-512-74
HYDROCARBONS IDENTIFIED IN EXTRACTS FROM ESTUARINE WATER
ACCOMMODATED NO. 2 FUEL OIL BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY

Lewis, B. W., A. L. Walker, and R. H. Bieri.  1974.
NASA-TM-X-72009, NTIS Report CSCL 07D.  12 p.

The analytical method and results of a gas chromatograph-mass
spectrometer analysis of methylene chloride and n-heptane extracts
of a No. 2 fuel oil accommodated estuarine water sample are
described.

Citation Source:  Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
                  1974.  12(22).  Entry #N74-32580.
                                23

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C-513-74
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY AND APPARATUS FOR THE BIOASSAY OF OIL

Lichatowich, J. A., P.  W.  O'Keefe, J.  A. Strand, and W.  L.
Tempieton.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.   p.  659-666,

A summary is given of the  techniques that may be applied in the
bioassay of oil and other  non-miscible substances.   Several
procedures, including the  inability to maintain oil  and water
in a homogenous mixture within a test system, are discussed.

Citation Source:  Aquatic  Sciences  &  Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13025G.
C-514-74
MARINE POLLUTION BY HYDROCARBONS (HC) IN THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC
SEA

Majori, L., F. Petronio, G. Nedoclan.and A.  Bombieri.  1973.
Revue Internationale d'Oceanographie Medicale CERBOM 31-32,
p. 137-169.

A method developed by the authors for measuring marine surface
pollution by persistent hydrocarbons is described.   Results
obtained using the method in the Gulf of Trieste indicate that
surface pollution by hydrocarbons depends more on space than  time.

Monitoring

Citation Source:  Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(10).  Entry #4Q10745M.
C-515-74
HYDROCARBON COMPONENTS OF FLOATING OIL POLLUTANTS OF SEAWATER

Matsui, M., K. Watanabe, T. Yoshida, and T. Kawabata.  1974.
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 40(1);
111-116.

Research was initiated to analyze components of hydrocarbon pollu-
tion in relation to the source and formation of tar balls floating
on the seawater surface, which often cause    serious damage to
coastal Japanese fisheries.  Experiments examining heavy oil,
wasted lubricant, Iranian, Arabian, and Minas crude oil are
described.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(10).  Entry #4Q10734M.


                                 24

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C-516-74
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TAR SAMPLES FROM THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Mommessin, P. R., and J. C. Raia.  1974.
Final Report, No. S-14133 USCG-D-20-75, CGR/DC-25/74.  Contract
DOT-CG-23379-A.  210 p.

Tar samples recovered mainly from the Northwestern part of the
Atlantic Ocean and along the eastern coast of the United States
were analyzed and 32 physical and chemical characteristics were
carefully measured in each sample.  Two distinct types of tars
were indicated:  one derived from urban and industrial wastes,
and the other containing petroleum based materials which had
been modified by marine weathering processes.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  7(26).  Entry #AD-787 788/9GA.
C-517-74
PERSISTENT HYDROCARBON CONTENT OF THE SEA ALONG CERTAIN TANKER
ROUTES - A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Monaghan, P. H., J. H. Seelinger, and R. A. Brown.  1973.
Tanker Conference, 18th Annual, Reprint Papers, Hilton Head
Island, SC, May 7-9, 1973.  p. 232-259.

Samplings and analyses are being made measuring hydrocarbons
(of the heavier type found in what are called "persistent oils")
from surface waters and waters at depths of 10 meters in the seas,
Samples have been taken between Gulf of Mexico ports and New
York, Caribbean ports and New York, and in the Mediterranean.

Sampling

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11).
                  Entry # 074490.
C-518-74
EXTRACTION SEPARATION OF PETROLEUMS INTO OILS, TARS AND ASPHALTS
[English Translation]

Pozdnyshev, G. N., R. I. Mansurov, and R. M. Ruchkina.  1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv  i Masel 10:54-56.

The Marcusson method plus extraction separation gave the overall
hydrocarbon composition without loss of light fractions of
petroleum.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(2).  Entry #46059x.


                                 25

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C-519-74
A QUANTITATIVE SURVEY OF OILS AND TARS STRANDED ON 6ALVESTON
ISLAND BEACHES

Ray, S. M., R. K. Oja, L. M. Jeffrey, and B.  J. Presley.   1974.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-10-75, CGR/DC-7/74.   Contract
DOT-CG-23681.  87 p.

Tar or tar-like residues appearing on Galveston Island beaches
were assessed for one year.  Oil tar samples  were periodically
analyzed for hydrocarbon detection and measurement, nickel,
vanadium, chromium, and cobalt, carbon 12/13  ratios, and minerals
Results indicated the tar appeared to be the  result of man's
activities.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  44(26).  Entry #AD-787 718/6GA.
C-520-74
OIL SPILL CAUSED BY THE COUPLED EFFECTS OF WIND AND WAVES

Reisbig, R. L.  1973.
NTIS Report AD-777 702/2WP.  69 p.

An experiment was designed to evaluate the significance of
coupled wind and wave effects on oil spill drift.  Drift velocity
results are reported for wind current and waves traveling in
the same direction, in opposite direction and at fixed angles
to each other.

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.  4(12).
                  Entry #12-74-10231.
C-521-74
REMOTE SAMPLER FOR DETERMINING RESIDUAL OIL CONTENT OF SURFACE
WATER

Schatzberg, P., and D. F. Jackson.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 139-144.

The paper describes a simple, flow-through device with pump and
skimmer for use in measuring the residual oil concentration of
coastal and estuarine surface waters.  The device contains a
sorbent material which quantitatively removes oil from a moving
water stream and permits extraction of the oil in a laboratory.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q12996G.

                               26

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C-522-74
MEASUREMENT OF EVAPORATION RATES FROM OIL SLICKS ON THE OPEN  SEA

Sivadier, H. 0., and P. G. Mikolaj.   1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of  Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.   p.  475-484.

The authors discuss a gas chromatographic procedure to  determine
the time dependent weight loss of an oil  slick by following its
compositional changes.   Results from experiments using  natural
seep oil are described.
Chemical changes of oil  in the environment
Citation Source:
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.
4(12).  Entry #4Q13057M.
1974.
C-523-74
DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN OIL WATER MIXTURES

Stokes, V. K., and A. C.  Harvey.   1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington,  D.C., 4172.   p.  457-465.

Oil/water mixtures made by three different methods  were used to
aid in identifying parameters affecting drop size distribution.
A standard procedure for making oil/water mixtures  was  adopted.
Information on size distribution is important to the design of
some separators.
Citation Source:
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.
4(12).  Entry #4Q13055G.
1974.
C-524-74
SOLUBILITY OF HIGHER-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT N-PARAFFINS IN DISTILLED
WATER AND SEAWATER

Sutton, C., and J. A. Calder.   1974.
Environmental Science & Technology 7:654.

In solubility determinations of n-paraffins in distilled water
and seawater, it was found that in all  cases the compounds are
less soluble in seawater.   The salting-out effect observed in
n-paraffins indicates the  importance  of estuaries in determining
the transport and fate of  n-paraffins and  other organic molecules,

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts,   1974.  4(12).
                  Entry #12-74-10212.
                                27

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C-525-74
DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF DISPERSED OIL IN WASTE WATER
BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION - INFRARED ANALYSIS

Suzuki, R., N. Yamaguchi, and R. Matsumoto.  1974.
Japan Analyst 23(11):1296-1300.

A method to determine trace amounts of dispersed oils in waste
water has been developed.  The oils in water are extracted with
carbon tetrachloride and the concentration of mineral oil, fatty
oil or fatty acid can be calculated by measuring the infrared
absorption of the extract at 1900 to 1400 cm'1.

Waste water treatment

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-526-74
CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING AND POLLUTANT HYDROCARBONS
IN MARINE SEDIMENTS

Tissier, M., and J. L, Oudin.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  205-214.

Chromatography, mass spectrometry and UV fluorescence analyses
have been conducted on sediment samples from Normandie and Seine
bays (English Channel) to discriminate between indigenous  hydro-
carbons and crude oil-derived hydrocarbons present in the  samples.
Characteristics of hydrocarbons from unpolluted and polluted
sediment samples are presented.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13053M.
C-527-74
DETERMINATION OF HYDROCARBON SOLUBILITY IN SEAWATER AND THE
ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS IN WATER-EXTRACTS

Wasik, S. P., and R. L. Brown.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 223-227.

Hydrocarbon solubility in seawater was determined by gas chromato-
graphy, using the ratio of the solute peaks and the volume of the
apparatus.  Examination of a series of chromatograms obtained from
a series of flushes can identify hydrocarbon groups and concentra-
tions.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13002M.

                                  28

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C-528-74
HYDROCARBONS IN THE MARINE ECOSYSTEM

Whittle, K., P. R. Mackie, and R. Hardy.  1974.
South African Journal of Science 70(5):141-144.

The report describes analyses which were conducted on the aquatic
ecosystem of the River Clyde to determine the presence of hydro-
carbons.

Monitoring

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(5).  Entry #26730f.
C-529-74
LIMITATIONS TO LENGTH OF CONTAINED OIL SLICKS

Wilkinson, D. L.  1973.
American Society of Civil Engineering.  Hydraulics Division
[HY 3 No. 10379]:492-494.

The study has shown that there is a limit to the volume of oil
which may be contained in any current of finite depth.  An expression
describing the form of long oil  slicks is derived and solved
numerically.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-530-74
THE TOXICITY TESTING OF OILS AND DISPERSANTS:   A EUROPEAN VIEW

Wilson, K. W., E. B. Cowell, and L. R. Beynon.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention  and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 255-261.

A review is given of the European approaches to the purpose and
problems of testing the toxicity of hydrocarbons and dispersants
in both laboratory and field experiments.

General effects of oil pollution

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q130056.
                                 29

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C-531-74
A HIGHLY SENSITIVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC
ANALYSIS OF PHENOLS AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS

Wolkoff, A. W., and R. H.  Larose.  1974.
Journal of Chromatography 99(1974):731-743.

A highly sensitive technique for the analysis of phenols and other
environmental pollutants by high-speed liquid Chromatography using
a cerium (IV) sulfate-fluorescence detection system is described.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-532-74
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN NARRAGANSETT BAY:   II.  CHEMICAL AND
ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS

Zafiriou, 0. C.  1973.
Estuarine & Coastal Marine Science l(l):81-87.

Analyses have shown that surface sediments of upper Narragansett
Bay contain a complex mixture of hydrocarbons at over 10 times
the levels of the lower Bay, and that petroleum is indicated as
the major source of the hydrocarbons.  Characteristics of the oils
detected are presented.

Citation Source:  Biological Abstracts.  1974.   58(11).  Entry #60025.
                                  30

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B.   OIL POLLUTION CONTROL

    1.  CONTAINMENT

        C-533-74
        OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND  TESTING  PROGRAM

        Abrahams, R.  N.,  and E.  R.  Miller,  Jr.   1973.
        Proceedings of Joint Conference on  Prevention and Control  of Oil
        Spills, 13-15 March, 1973,  Washington,  D.C.,  4172. p.  361-374.

        Development and testing  of  a high seas  oil  containment  system
        by the U.S. Coast Guard  are reviewed. Results of the  testing
        include data on oil  loss mechanisms and oil  loss rates  under
        both calm and high sea conditions.

        Design and engineering

        Citation Source:   Aquatic Sciences  & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                          4(12). Entry #4Q13144M.

        C-534-74
        NEW CRITERION FOR PREDICTING HEADWAVE  INSTABILITY OF  AN OIL SLICK
        RETAINED BY A BARRIER

        Agrawal, R. K., and L. A. Hale.  1974.
        Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of  Paper,
        Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.   (l):461-466.   Paper 1983.

        A simple technique is presented for predicting the water current
        velocity which will  initiate one failure mode in oil  containment
        barriers (i.e. entrainment  failure).

        Citation Source:   The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11).
                          Entry  #071912.

        C-535-74
        FIRST PNEUMATIC BUBBLE BARRIER  AGAINST  THE  SPREAD OF  OIL ON WATER,
        INSTALLED IN THE  NETHERLANDS

        Anon. 1974.
        Holland Shipbuilding 23(1):29.

        A pneumatic bubble oil barrier  has  been installed by  Atlas Copco
        Nederland BV, at  the entrance of the Neckar  harbor basin in
        Rotterdam.   The 145 m long  barrier  can  contain 30 tons  of  oil
        within the docks, and can be activated  within 35 seconds after
        an oil spill  alarm has sounded.

        Cleanup and recovery

        Citation Source:   Environmental Health  and  Pollution  Control.   1974.
                          6(4).   Entry  #1497.

                                    31

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C-536-74
"FLOATING-SUBMERGING" FENCE CONTAINS OIL SPILLS IN MINUTES

Anon.  1974.
Rubber World 170(4):70-71.

Fast and effective oil containment is achieved through the use of
a floating-submerging oil  fence developed by Bridgestone Tire Co.,
Ltd., Japan.  The fence can be stored on the ocean bottom when
not in use and then be floated into position in 18 to 30 minutes
when needed.  The apparatus is composed of a flexible rubber skirt
supported by two air-filled hoses and extending above and below
the water surface.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-537-74
NEW OIL-SPILL BOOM ANNOUNCED

Anon.  1974.
Oil & Gas Journal 72(52):169.

The article describes the properties of a new oil-spill  barrier
which is capable of withstanding severe impact and constant
abrasion.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-538-74
NEW SIMULATED OIL-SPILL TEST TANK

Anon.  1975.
Oil & Gas Journal 73(8):90.

An environmental test tank has been developed by Houston Research,
Inc., Houston, Texas, in which oil containment devices or systems
may be tested.  The tank is equipped with a wavemaker and a towing
device to propel test devices at various speeds, so as to permit
tests under completely reproducible environmental conditions.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-539-74
POLLUTION CONTROLS

Anon.  1974.
Offshore 34(13):144.
                                32

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The operation of advanced design oil pollution control  barriers,
announced by Offshore Devices, Inc., is described.  The apparatus
is extremely strong and is able to move with the waves, maintaining
an oil fence at all times on the high seas.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-540-74
SEABOOM HOLDS OIL SPILLS

Anon.  1974.
Mechanical Engineering 96(5):54-55.

The design and operation of an oil  containment apparatus, the
SEABOOM, developed by Submarine Engineering Associates, Cohasset,
Massachusetts, are described.  The  boom has been providing protection
against shore pollution in Salem Harbor and a part of Narragansett
Bay, and the company is presently looking at the possibility of
installing SEABOOM units around offshore rigs and platforms to
contain oil spills.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:   Citation Journal.
C-541-74
LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTING OF SURFACE-FILM FORMING CHEMICALS
FOR USE AS OIL COLLECTING AGENTS

Barger, W. R.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.   p.  241-246.

Forty-seven chemicals capable of slowing the spread of  oil  or
driving oil into a thicker layer were run through a series  of
screening tests based on physical  properties and surface-chemical
properties.  The most useful chemicals can be employed  with oil
recovery equipment, which is more efficient in removing thicker
oil layers.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13004G.
                                 33

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C-542-74
STANDARDIZED HARDWARE FOR OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT BOOMS

Campbell, F. J.  1974.
Report No. CEL-TN-1343.   54 p.

The design, development and testing of standardized hardware
to deploy Navy oil  spill  containment booms are reported.
Equipment used consists of a boom connector, a towing assembly
and a boom bulk-head attachment.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  74(18).  Entry  #AD-781  645/7GA.
C-543-74
DESIGN PARAMETER STUDY OF AN OIL SPILL BOOM

Chung, J. S., G. R. Cunningham, and J. M. Evon.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  427-439.

Design data are presented on the proper relationships between the
size and shape of boom modules and waves.  Pertinent character-
istics include boom strength, net depth for a net-system boom
and modular interaction.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13147G.
C-544-74
DEVELOPMENT OF HERMAPHRODITE BREAKWATER UNITS UTILIZING
HYDROFOILS IN SPECIFIC ARRANGEMENTS

Frey, K. P. H.  1974.
Rhode Island University Marine Technical Report Series, No. 24.
Presented at Floating Breakwaters Conference, Newport, Rhode
Island, April 23-25, 1974.  p. 113-129.

The report investigated the advantages of using basic airfoil  or
hydrofoil research in the field of floating breakwaters.  A
hermaphrodite system, having a composite breakwater with a dis-
continuous surface and a unit of continuous surface, is recommended
as an effective device for reducing the spread of pollution spills.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.  8(1).
                  Entry # W75-00411.
                                34

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C-545-74
CONTROL AND CONFINEMENT OF OIL POLLUTION ON WATER WITH
MONOMOLECULAR SURFACE FILMS

Garrett, W. D., and W. R. Barger.   1972.
Memorandum Report 2451, June 1972.   USCG 724110.1/4-1.

Several materials were examined for their ability to reduce the
area covered by oil spilled on water.  Such "collecting agents"
maintain oil in a layer up to a maximum of one-half inch by
preventing its spread over the water surface.   The agents are
useful in increasing the efficiency of oil recovery devices.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.   1974.
                  7(22).  Entry # W74-11781.
C-546-74
AN EFFECTIVE OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT-RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR HIGH SEAS
USE

Glaeser, J. L.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 589-596.

Two unique aspects of this system are a barrier with 'bottom
tension1 to increase effectiveness and survival strength and a
skimmer system using a droplet formation process to recover high
viscosity emulsions.  Results of the testing program and a typical
operational boom and skimmer package are discussed.

Design and engineering
Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13150M.
C-547-74
COAST GUARD OIL POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS

Jordan, L., and L. K. Bragaw.  1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.   (l):549-558.   Paper 1994.

The paper describes the U.S.  Coast Guard's pollution control
program, including its physical resources (Air Deliverable Anti-
pollution Transfer System, High Seas Barrier, High Seas Recovery
and Airborne Remote Sensing)  and its human resources,composed of
three Regional Strike teams responding to oil pollution incidents.
                                35

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Cleanup and recovery
Remote sensing

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.   1974.   12(11)
                  Entry #074494.
C-548-74
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OIL POLLUTION CONTROL BARRIERS

Milgram, J. H.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C.,  4172.   p.  345-381.

An oil pollution control  barrier must be strong enough  to  endure
heavy seas and to endure  launching and recovery   activities.
The barrier must damp out relative oil height responses and have
a low roll angle to prevent leakage over or under the barrier.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).   Entry #4Q13145G.
C-549-74
MECHANICAL CONTROL OF OIL SPILLS UTILIZING A STREAMLINED BOOM

Wooten, D. C.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  383-389.

Described is a streamlined oil retention boom consisting of a
hydrofoil followed by a rigid sump to collect oil during a 2 kt
or greater current or while being towed.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13146G.
                               36

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2.   CLEANUP AND RECOVERY


    C-55Q-74
    CLEAN SWEEP OIL RECOVERY EQUIPMENT

    Anon.
    Product Information.

    A general  description of the operational  oil  recovery  rates,  and
    the application of each of the oil recovery  systems  developed
    by Lockheed Missiles & Space Company  is  provided.

    Information Source:   C. Lindell,  Lockheed Missiles & Space  Co.,
                         Sunnyvale,  California 94088.
    C-551-74
    INCINERATOR SHIP VULCANUS COMPLETES BURN

    Anon.   1974.
    Ocean  Industry 9(12):49.

    The German incinerator ship  Vulcanus,  under  contract  for  Shell
    Chemical Co.,  was successful  in burning 4,000 metric  tons of
    hydrocarbon wastes between October 16  and  October  28,  1974,  in
    the Gulf of Mexico.   No detectable change  in seawater  alkalinity
    and no visible evidence of environmental stress  in the area  were
    reported.

    Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
    C-552-74
    JOINT  CANADA-UNITED STATES  MARINE  POLLUTION  CONTINGENCY  PLAN
    FOR SPILLS OF OIL AND  OTHER NOXIOUS  SUBSTANCES

    Anon.   1974.
    U.S.  Coast Guard.  56  p.

    The Joint Contingency  Plan  pertains  to  specific  locations  where
    oil pollution is  a threat to both  countries.  The  purpose  of  the
    plan is to provide a coordinated  response  to control  and cleanup
    of spill  incidents in  designated  areas  by  federal,  state and
    regional  plans of both parties.

    Regulations,  standards and  planning

    Citation Source:   Government Reports Announcements.   1974.
                      74(20).   Entry  #AD-782 895/76A.
                                37

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C-553-74
OIL ABSORBENT

Anon.  1974.
Offshore 34(13):138.

The article describes the use of Petro-Traps, a new petroleum
and oily liquid absorbent developed by Dart Union Co.  The
absorbent absorbs oil while letting water pass through a ruqged
fiberglass membrane; the absorbed liquids can then be wrung
from the trap allowing for reapplication.

Citation Source:   Citation Journal.
C-554-74
OIL SKIMMER SERIES 7000

Anon.
Product Information.

The Series 7000 Oil Skimmer is an easily installed, economical
means for removing or recovering floating oils in process waters
or oil spills.  Floating oils adhere to an endless belt and
recovered oil can be discharged to a suitable container.

Information Source:  F. W. Vitek, Met-Pro Systems, Inc., 5th St.
                     and Mitchell Ave., Lansdale, Pennsylvania
                     19446.
C-555-74
OIL SORBENT MATERIALS

Anon.
Product Information.

Pertinent information including the properties, specifications,
and operational instructions of each of the Conwed oil absorption
materials are given.  The products have a high rate of sorption, are
able to pick up 15-22 times their weight in oil, and the materials
are reusable.

Information Source:  T. C. Edgren, Conwed Corp., 332 Minnesota St.,
                     St. Paul, Minnesota 55101.
C-556-74
OIL SPILL SPOILER

Anon.  1974.
Environmental Science & Technology 8(8):718.
                                 38

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An oil reclaiming system is described, composed of a diesel-
powered jet-driven vessel with a continuous conveyor made of
an open-celled foamed material which is lowered into the water.
The belt traps oil of all types while allowing water to flow
through freely.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-557-74
RPC LIQUID/LIQUID SEPARATOR

Anon.
Product Information.

The literature describes the RPC Separator which is a coalescer
capable of separating fine emulsions of immiscible liquids to
as low as 1 ppm of the discontinuous phase.

Information Source:  D. R. Whiteman, RPC Division, Midland-Ross
                     Corporation, P.O. Box 490, Roxboro, North
                     Carolina 27573.

C-558-74
SKIMMER PUMPING RATE ADJUSTABLE TO 300 GPH

Anon.  1974.
Oil & Gas Journal 72(48):120.

The Skimmer Float 200 is a unit which removes oil and other organic
liquids from the water's surface.  Design features of the skimmer
enable it to minimize water intake and result in an oil  removal
efficiency of >95%.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-559-74
SKIMMER FLOATS OIL OUT OF WATER

Anon.  1974.
Machine Design 46(17):47.

An oil skimmer, developed by Waukee Engineering Co., Milwaukee,
Minnesota, operates by collecting and passing an oil-water
mixture into a vertical tube.  Oil, having a lower specific
gravity than water, collects at the top of the tube while the
water enters a tank compartment through an outlet in the lower
tube.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:   Citation Journal.

                                39

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C-560-74
SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS OF AIME:  SECOND MIDWEST OIL AND
GAS SYMPOSIUM

Anon.  1973.
In:  Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME.  Preprints SPE 4870
and 4874.

Included in the symposium on aspects of pollution control  and
prevention in the petroleum industry  are papers discussing
contaminant removal and environmental  controls in the Michigan
oil industry.

Regulations, standards and planning

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts,  1975.   6(1).
                  Entry #75-00936.
C-561-74
NEW DEVICE FOR REMOVING OIL SLICKS FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER

Asper, J. J., and P. Bolli.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 315-332.

The new device developed by Battelle, comprises a rotating, multi-
thread screw in a casing which traps inflowing oil and water
between the threads.  The oil thickens as the pitch of the thread
progressively diminishes and is removed from an end chamber by a
pump.  Water is removed through an opening below the screw casing.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13009G.
C-562-74
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN OFFSHORE PETROLEUM OPERATIONS

Barton, H. B.  1974.
Presented at 9th World Energy Conference, Detroit, September 22-27,
1974.  p. 3.2-6.  22 p.

The oil industry, in its plans to substantially increase offshore
petroleum activities by 1985, has also developed programs dealing
with the development of (1) safety production equipment,
(2) equipment for the containment and recovery of accidental oil
spills, (3) the organization of groups to coordinate oil spill
                                40

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containment and cleanup, and (4) the funding of studies examining
environmental factors affecting coastal ecosystems.

Research
Containment
Biological effects

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.  4(11).
                  Entry #12-74-09649,
C-563-74
CHEMICAL ADDITIVES TO CONTROL OIL SPILLS - A STATE-OF-THE-ART
SUMMARY

Bauer, W. H., and J. J.  Bulloff.  1974.
Interim Technical Report, August-December, 1973, No.  USCG-D-69-74,
Contract DOT-CG-33755.  158 p.

"The report summarizes the state of the art of using  chemical
additives to improve the control of oil spills at increased current
velocities of up to 10 knots.  An extensive bibliography con-
taining up to date work on oil slick behavior, spill  containment
and removal and modification of oil properties by additives are(sic)
included."

Containment
Bibliography

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.   1974.   74(15).
                  Entry #AD-779 557/86A.
C-564-74
CLEAN GULF ASSOCIATES - THE ORGANIZATION AND CAPABILITIES OF AN
OIL SPILL CLEANUP ASSOCIATION FOR THE GULF OF MEXICO

Berry, W. L.  1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.  (1):611-623.  Paper 1999.

The organizational structure and equipment used by the Clean
Gulf Associates, a group established by the petroleum operators
in the Gulf of Mexico to provide for fast and effective cleanup
of marine oil spills, are reviewed.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11).
                  Entry #074499.
                                41

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C-565-74
CLEANUP OF INLAND OIL SPILLS

Betts, W. E.   1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.   p.  549-558.

New devices,  designed to meet the needs of inland oil  spills have
been developed and descriptions of the cleanup equipment are
presented.  Examples of successful cleanup of various  inland oil
spills are given.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13017F.
C-566-74
USE OF MASSACHUSETTS DIP OIL SKIMMER ON FREE SLICKS IN THE CASCO
BAY (PORTLAND) SPILL

Bianchi, R. A., E. E. Johanson, and J.  H.  Farrell.   1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and  Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington,  D.C., 4172.   p. 643-655.

The report discusses the use of the Massachusetts'  newly developed
Dynamic Inclined Plane (DIP) Skimmer in the cleanup operations of
a 100,000 gallon oil spill in Casco Bay from a ruptured tank on
the tanker Tamano.  Evidence for the need  for and  effectiveness  of
a mobile skimmer in large oil spill situations is  presented.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13024M.
C-567-74
SEA TRIALS OF A HIGH-SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM

Blockwick, T. N.  1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.  (l):577-583.  Paper 1996.

The design and operation of a 2000 gallon/minute oil recovery
system developed by Ocean Systems, Inc. are described.   Results of
at-sea tests of the oil recovery system are given.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11).
                  Entry #074496.
                               42

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C-568-74
AIR FLOTATION ANSWERS AIRPORT'S NEEDS

Brune, D. N.  1974.
Water Wastes Engineering 11(8):22-24,26.

The article describes how Dallas-Fort Worth regional  airport
deals with the problem of the flow of large amounts of petroleum
products in its collection system.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.   1974.   12(11).
                  Entry #074488.
C-569-74
DEVELOPMENT OF THE 'NEXT GENERATION'  CHEMICAL DISPERSANTS

Canevari, G. P.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C.,  4172.   p.  231-240.

The current status of chemical  oil spill  dispersant development
is reviewed, and the beneficial aspects and limitations of the
dispersants are illustrated.   A discussion of 'next generation1
oil spill dispersants is given, listing major improvements over
conventional systems.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13003G.
C-570-74
QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL OIL SPILL CLEANUP DEVICES

Der, J. J., and D.  J. Graham.   1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.   p.  627-633.

A quantitative method has been devised for the preliminary
screening and, with the availability  of more accurate performance
data, final evaluation of oil  removal devices.  Oil  recovery
systems highly rated by the systematic method are presented.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences &  Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13022G.
                               43

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C-571-74
SORBENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FOR OIL SPILL CLEANUP

Dorrler, J. S.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington,  D.C.,  4172.   p.  309-314.

Five research projects, contracted by the Environmental  Protection
Agency, were conducted to develop efficient unit operations  for
the removal of oil with the aid of sorbent materials.   Results of
the research efforts indicated the mechanical sorbent  systems are
effective in recovering spilled oil with a 90% recovery efficiency.
Each of the five-unit operations developed is  evaluated.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13008G.
C-572-74
ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF OIL/WATER SEPARATION BY COALESCENCE

Finger, S. M., and T. S.  Yu.   1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  403-408.

The usefulness of the oil/water separation process of coalescence
was studied using a three-stage prototype separation system of
which coalescence was the final stage.  The data indicated that
increasing oil and suspendible solids concentration decreased
coalescer element lifetime, although above a certain level
increasing oil concentration had no effect.  It was concluded that
coalescence is useful as  a final step in an oil/water separation
system.

Waste water treatment

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).   Entry #4Q1314G.
C-573-74
ENGINEERING STUDY OF AN OIL GELLATION TECHNIQUE TO CONTROL SPILLS
FROM DISTRESSED TANKERS

Goldstein, A. M., R. M. Koros, and B. L. Tarmy.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  247-253.

Data on the effect of mixing energy, mixing time, gellation time,
and temperature on gel strength were generated in the study.
                               44

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A test with crude oil is described.  The gel would float as a
coherent mass if oil escaped from a damaged ship.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13143M.
C-574-74
CATION-ACTIVE DEMULSIFIERS FROM FATTY ACIDS [English Translation]

Gorodnov, V. P., and A. A. Petrov.  1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv  i Masel 5:20-22.

The preparation and description of two emulsifiers which are
most effective in demulsifying a one-ton crude oil-in-water
emulsion are presented.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).  Entry #137846x.
C-575-74
WATERBORNE DEBRIS IN MARINE POLLUTION INCIDENTS

Hancock, J. A., R. P. Jacobs, M. R. Knapp, and J. S.  Glasgow.   1974.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-108-74, Contract DOT-CG-23223-A.   465 p.

The problems arising from the presence of floating debris  hindering
the cleanup of spilled fluids, such as oil spills, are discussed.
The types of waterborne debris found in coastal, harbor and
estuarine areas are described and the effects of debris on pollution
response equipment are given.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.  7(25).
                  Entry # AD-786 568/6GA.
C-576-74
CASE STUDIES OF THE USN SUPERVISOR OF SALVAGE, SALVAGE RELATED
OIL POLLUTION INCIDENTS

Irons, D. E.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 597-600.

Discussed are 6 cases describing the involvement of navy salvage
forces in oil pollution control, prevention and cleanup of spills
produced by ship collisions, groundings and overboard discharge.
Methods and equipment used to combat the oil spills are given.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q1319G.

                                  45

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C-577-74
TWO TYPES OF OIL SPILLS IN SWEDISH INLAND WATERS - TESTS OF NEW
MATERIALS, IDEAS AND METHODS

Jerbo, A.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  559-567.

The paper describes Sweden's success in combating oil  spills into
its ponds and rivers through the development of a new  oil  adsorp-
tion material, adsorbent blower, booms, incinerators and techniques.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13017F.
C-578-74
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, TEST, AND EVALUATION OF AN OPEN OCEAN OIL
RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR USE IN WAVES

Johanson, E. £., R. A. Bianchi, and J. H. Farrell.  1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.  (l):559-576.  Paper 1995.

A program was established by JFB Scientific to design, build and
test an open sea oil recovery system for high wave conditions.
Past massive spills were studied to establish operational  require-
ments for the unit.  The first system was built for the U.S. Navy
Supervisor of Salvage and tested in April, 1974.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11).
                  Entry #074495.
C-579-74
LAKE CHAMPLAIN:  A CASE HISTORY ON THE CLEANUP OF #6 FUEL OIL
THROUGH 5 FEET OF SOLID ICE AT NEAR-ZERO TEMPERATURES

Lamp'l, H. J.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 579-582.

Adverse weather conditions at the time of this major spill required
improvisation by the personnel involved.  New ideas and techniques
were needed to remove the oil and contain the oil to prevent further
pollution.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13148F.
                                46

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C-580-74
OIL RECOVERY ON THE HIGH SEAS

Leigh, J. T.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 351-360.

Two prototype oil recovery systems are currently being developed
to meet the following design goals:  air transportability, recovery
of a complete range of oil types at 2000 gpm, and use with
existing Coast Guard oil recovery equipment and facilities.  The
construction,design and efficiency of each system are described.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13012M.
C-581-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL HIGH VELOCITY OIL SLICK SKIMMER

Lindenmuth, W. T.  1974.
Final Report, No. TR-7411-1, USCG-D-19-75,  Contract DOT-CG-
41058-A.  46 p.

A new device called a Surface Velocity Retarder Oil Skinnier has
been shown to be able to recover thin oil slicks in currents of
up to 10 fps.  The design and operation of the device, and
results of tests measuring its performance are described.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.  7(25)
                  Entry # AD-786 880/5GA.
C-582-74
TREATMENT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS WITH FLOATING MASS TRANSFER
MEDIA

Mercer, B. W., et al.   1973.
EPA Environmental Protection Technology Series Report EPA-670/2-
73-078, USGPO.  102 p.

In the report, which discusses an approach for in situ treatment
of hazardous polluting spills for a static body of water, highly
effective removal agents were cited.  A commercial lightweight
activated carbon was found to be very effective for recovering
organic materials such as phenol, aromatic hydrocarbons, and
organophosphorous insecticides from water.

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1975.  5(1).
                  Entry #19-75-00921.
                                47

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C-583-74
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT OF A FREE VORTEX OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM

Nebeker, E. B., and S. E.  Rodriguez.  1973.
NTIS Report AD-777 024/1WP.

The operating effectiveness  of a free vortex oil  skimming system
in the open seas was tested  and the results  are described.   The
system was tested in its ability to recover  oil of various  film
thicknesses in stationary and severe seas.

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.  4(12).
                  Entry #12-74-10229.
C-584-74
FREE VORTEX RECOVERY OF FLOATING OIL

Nebeker, E. B., S. E. Rodriguez, and P.  G.  Mikolaj.   1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.   p.  333-338.

A description of the operation and performance of a  technique
using a free vortex to recover oil from ocean, stream and  harbor
waters is given.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q1310G.
C-585-74
THE ELECTRICAL PROCESS IN THE BREAKING OF DILUTE OIL-IN-WATER
EMULSIONS

Orr, C., Jr., and E. Y. H. Keng,  1974.
Georgia Environmental Resources Center, Atlanta, Report No.
ERC-0674.  NTIS Report #PB-235 908.  15 p.

The study evaluates the usefulness of electrical measurements,
particularly the "zeta potential" in determining what chemicals
and application rates are effective in treatment processes to
break oil-in-water emulsions.

Waste water treatment

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(23).  Entry # W74-12343.
                               48

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C-586-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A POLYURETHANE FOAM MARINE OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM

Oxenham,J. P., R. A. Cochran, D. P. Hemphill, P.  R.  Scott, and
J. P. Fraser.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 277-289.

Recycled polyurethane foam, foamed on the site of an oil  spill,
is used to recover oil.  With the use of collection  booms, a
chainlink belt for gathering oil-soaked foam and  a roller-wringer,
the oil is recovered and separated from the foam.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13011M.
C-587-74
FREE VORTEX APPROACH TO RECOVERY OF FLOATING OIL

Rodriguez, S. E., E. B. Nebeker, J. F.  Leary.  1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint  of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.  (1):601-609.  Paper 1998.

The development and testing of the free-vortex approach to
floating oil recovery are discussed.  The system operates  through
surface inflow that gathers oil and a central vortex  that
concentrates the oil for removal.   Tests indicated the technique
to be capable of  operation under high seas conditions.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11).
                  Entry #074498.
C-588-74
DETERMINATION OF THE DEMULSIFYING CAPACITY OF A WATER-AND-OIL
PETROLEUM EMULSION [English Summary]

Rucevic, B., R. Ljubic, and B.  Atijas.   1974.
Nafta (Zagreb) 25(2):63-68.

"A cylinder test is described for determination of the demulsifying
capacity of the surfactants independently of their ionic composition
and solubility in various stages of emulsion."

Citation Source:  Chemical  Abstracts.   1974.  81(26).   Entry #172579j
                                 49

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C-589-74
TESTING THE LOCKHEED DISC-DRUM ROUGH WATER OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM

Scharfenstein, C.  F., and J.  F.  Leary.   1974.
Offshore Technology Conference,  6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.  (1):585-600.   Paper 1997.

Inland pool and high seas tests  proved  the Lockheed Prototype
High Seas Oil Recovery System to be capable of recovering  oil up
to the rate of 1000 gpm under certain current, oil  thickness,
and viscosity conditions.  The system proved that it will  be
capable of surviving a severe sea state condition after minor
redesign.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.   12(11).
                  Entry #074497.

C-590-74
SUCCESSES AND FAILURES WITH OIL SPILLS  IN THE SOUTHEASTERN
INLAND WATERS

Smith, A. J.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington,  D.C., 4172.   P.  583-588.

A brief review of several recent spill  cases includes descriptions
of differences in containment, retention and removal methodology.
Results vary from 90% recovery with small cost to high  cleanup
costs and difficult recovery operations.

Containment
Economic effects of oil pollution

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13149F.

C-591-74
JET OIL RECOVERY DEVICE

Stewart, J. K.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington,  D.C., 4172.   P.  601-615.

The operating characteristics of a Jet  Oil Recovery Device are
described.  The concept behind the device involves utilization
of the surface tension characteristics  of oil along with the
device's hydraulic jet action to lift floating oil  over a  non-
adjustable weir.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13020G.

                                 50

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C-592-74
TESTING OF NEW DEVICE FOR REMOVING OIL SLICKS FROM THE SURFACE OF
OPEN WATER

Tezuka, T., and K. Aramaki.   1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.  (l):625-636.   Paper 2000.

A description of an oil  recovery device designed for large-scale
oil spillage recovery as well  as small spillage retrieval  under
various wave, wind and current conditions is  given.  The recovery
system is fast and efficient,  equipped with an expandable skimming
width, which can recover a large amount of oil in a short period
of time.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11).
                  Entry #074500.
C-593-74
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND THE U.S.  INTERNATIONAL TRADE:   THE CASE OF
WASTE OIL

Walter, I., and S. P. Maltezou.   1974.
Environmental Affairs 3(3):433-436.

The report views waste oil recovery  in  depth, as it  relates  to the
problems of improper waste oil  disposal, of energy shortages, and of
creating incentives for its reuse.  The potential  import-saving
by converting waste oil to heating oil  is estimated.

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.   4(12).
                  Entry #03-74-10055.
C-594-74
WASTE OIL RECYCLING AND DISPOSAL

Weinstein, N. J.  1974.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, Technology
Series.  GPO Sup. Doc. EP1.23:670/2-74-052.   327 p.

Information on the sources  and quantities of waste oils, current
and potential recycling and disposal  methods, and the environmental
effects of these methods is presented.

Citation Source:  Selected  Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.  7(23).
                  Entry # W74-12215.
                                 51

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EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION

1.   Biological Effects


    C-595-74
    OIL IN SEA:  WOEFUL LACK OF KNOWLEDGE

    Anon.   1974.
    Chemical & Engineering News 53(2):30.

    The article discusses the findings and shortcomings of the just
    released report,"Petroleum in the Marine Environment," prepared
    by the National Academy of Sciences.  The report concludes that
    the most damaging effects of oil are the oiling of beaches and
    the endangering of seabird species and benthic communities along
    polluted coastlines.  The effect of oil contamination on human
    health is reported not to be cause for alarm.

    Citation Source:   Citation Journal.
    C-596-74
    FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN EXTREMELY COLD MARINE
    ENVIRONMENTS

    Atlas, R. M.  1974.
    Government Reports Announcements 74(2):141.

    Interaction studies on microorganisms and Prudhoe crude oil in
    Alaskan coastal waters were conducted in an effort to obtain
    information on the possible effects of accidental oil spills on
    the indigenous biological populations and the fate of spilled
    oil.

    General fate of oil in the environment

    Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.  1974.  11(6).
                      Entry # 74-05550.
    C-597-74
    THE EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL FRACTIONS ON THE SURVIVAL OF A TIDEPOOL
    COPEPOD, TIGRIOPUS CALIFORNICUS

    Barnett, C. J., and J. E. Kontogiannis.  1975.
    Environmental Pollution 8(l):45-54.

    From studies of the effects of diesel oil, kerosene, gasoline
    and benzene on the survival of the copepod, J_. californicus, it
    was found that the more slowly evaporating crude oil fractions
                               52

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are most hazardous to the organisms; the copepod's survival is
inversely proportional to the concentration of the crude oil
fraction in the environment.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.

C-598-74
TOXICITY OF OIL SINKING AGENTS

Blackman, R. A. A.  1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(8):116-118.

Brown shrimp were used to test the toxicity of different com-
binations of oil sinking agents in solvents.  Careful choice of
wetting agent and solvent reduces harmful effects.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(7).   Entry #39191f.


C-599-74
EFFECTS OF AN OIL SPILL REMOVER ON BEACH MEIOFAUNA

Bleakley, R. J., and P. J. S. Boaden.  1974.
Annales de L'Institut Oceanographique 50(1):51-58.

In studies examining the effects of an oil  spill remover and the
surfactant alone  on the meiofauna of intertidal sand, it was
found that the organisms are able to survive the effects of
diluted detergent, but concentrations greater than 100 ppm
detergent are toxic.   The meiofauna recover slowly because of
the persistence of the detergents found in  high concentrations
in the sand on oil-contaminated beaches.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources  Abstracts.  1975.  8(1).
                  Entry # W75-00449.

C-600-74
RESPIRATORY RESPONSE OF JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON AND STRIPED BASS
EXPOSED TO BENZENE,  A WATER-SOLUBLE COMPONENT OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS

Brocksen, R. W., and H. T. Barley.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March,  1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 783-791.

Exposure to sublethal  doses of benzene for  periods of up to 48
hours increased the respiratory rate of juvenile chinook salmon
115%.  Longer exposure caused a decrease in the respiration rate
due to a reversible narcotic state.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).   Entry #4Q13100G.

                                 53

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C-601-74
THE RESPONSE OF MACROINVERTEBRATES TO GASOLINE POLLUTION IN A
MOUNTAIN STREAM

Bugbee, S. L., and C. M. Walter.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 725-731.

The majority of aquatic invertebrates and -2500 fish were
killed in an area extending 2 miles downstream from a spill
of aviation gasoline.  Certain species were unable to
recolonize for 6 months, reducing the species diversity;
however, recovery was complete after 3 years.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13098F.
C-602-74
BIRD USAGE OF MARSH PONDS SUBJECTED TO OIL SPILLS

Chabreck, R. H.  1973.
Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Science 36:101-110.

A comparison of bird inventories conducted over a 2-year period
in ponds affected by recent oil spills and in control ponds was
made.  Although no dead birds were found, birds used the oil-
polluted ponds less frequently than the control ponds.  Both
usage and vegetative growth increased after the first six months.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13043B.
C-603-74
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF THE SAN FRANCISCO OIL SPILL ON MARINE
ORGANISMS

Chan, G. L.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 741-781.

Much of the marine fauna in the area has died from being smothered
by oil.  Marine snails have suffered less mortality than the more
sedentary animals such as sessile barnacles; although the striped
shore crab has disappeared in the spill-affected San Francisco
waters.  After 2 years, recruitment is approaching normal, and
evidence of the oil spill is hardly visible.

Monitoring

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13099M.

                                54

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C-604-74
A REINVESTIGATION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ROCKY INTERTIDAL
BEACHES THREE AND ONE-HALF YEARS AFTER THE 1969 SANTA BARBARA
OIL SPILL:  A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Cimberg, R., S. Mann, and D. Straughan.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 697-702.

Post-spill data from ten southern California beaches in 1969,
1970, and 1972 were analyzed.  The two important factors affecting
the presence of marine animals on these beaches were sand
movement and substrate stability.  The effect of the 1969 Santa
Barbara oil spill on the presence of organisms was reported to be
less important than other environmental factors.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13095M.
C-605-74
ACUTE EFFECTS OF OUTBOARD MOTOR EFFLUENT ON TWO MARINE SHELLFISH

Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley.  1974.
Environmental Science & Technology 8(11):1009-1014.

When mussels (Mytilus edulis) and oysters (Ostrea lurida) were
exposed to diluted effluent from a two-cycle outboard motor in
a seawater system, physiological stress, gill tissue degeneration
and uptake of paraffin hydrocarbons from the effluent were
observed in the organisms.  The mussels demonstrated a greater
negative response to the pollutant than did the oysters.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-606-74
INTERAGENCY INVESTIGATIONS OF A PERSISTENT OIL SPILL ON THE
WASHINGTON COAST

Clark, R. C., Jr., J. S. Finley, B. G. Patten, S.  F. Stefano,
and E. E. DeNiki.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  793-808.

The effects of continuous leakage of oil  from a grounded ship
include dead urchins and damaged plants.   N-paraffin hydrocarbons
were taken up by the plants and animals and the residual patterns
of the exposed organisms resembled hydrocarbon patterns of the
pollutant.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13101M.

                                55

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C-607-74
EFFECT OF A BUNKER FUEL ON THE BEACH BACTERIAL FLORA

Cobet, A. B., and H. E. Guard.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  815-819.

After a Bunker fuel cleanup operation, sampling revealed that
neither the size of the bacterial population nor the distribution
of bacterial genera were affected by the remaining hydrocarbons.
Only 15% of the beach bacteria were affected.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13103M.
C-608-74
KEROSINE-LIKE TAINT IN THE SEA MULLET, MUGIL CEPHALUS.  I.
COMPOSITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL OCCURRENCE OF THE TAINTING SUBSTANCE

Connell, D. W.  1974.
Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 25(l):7-24.

Sediments containing hydrocarbons that closely resemble kerosine
in composition, were found in the gut of tainted sea mullet
captured in the Brisbane River, and were believed to be the cause
of the kerosine-like tainting of the flesh.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(25).
                  Entry #164182j.
C-609-74
THE EFFECT OF A CRUDE OIL ON INTESTINAL ABSORPTION IN DUCKLINGS

Crocker, A. D., J. Cronshaw, and W. N. Holmes.  1974.
Environmental Pollution 7(3):165-177.

A study was conducted which examined the effects of oral doses
of crude oil on the mucosal water and Na+ transfer rates across
the intestine of ducklings transferred from fresh water to
saline drinking water.  The presence of oil prevented the
development of high mucosal transfer rates, which are essential
for successful adaptation of the ducklings to hypertonic saline
water conditions.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
                                56

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C-610-74
OIL POLLUTION IN THE CROMARTY FIRTH

Currie, A.  1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(8):118-119.

The threat of repeated oil spills (which cause many bird deaths)
to the conservation of Cromarty Firth on the northeast coast
of Scotland is reported.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).   Entry #4Q13038M.
C-611-74
EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL TOXINS IN OIL REFINERY EFFLUENTS ON AQUATIC
ORGANISMS

Dorris, T. C., S. L. Burks, and G. R. Waller.  1974.
Completion Report, Oklahoma State University, Water Resources
Research Institute, NTIS Report PB-235 919.  79 p.

Oil refinery waste waters were partially evaporated and the
toxicity of the original samples and overhead and bottom product
fractions from the evaporator were evaluated by static bioassays
with fathead minnows.  It was concluded that partial evaporation
removes toxic substances from biologically treated refinery
waste waters, produces an overhead product water which has low
inorganic salt concentration and should be reusable for boiler
makeup, and produces a partially concentrated bottom water
generally less toxic.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(23).  Entry # W74-12348.
C-612-74
EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS:  A REVIEW FOR ADMINISTRATORS
AND POLICY MAKERS

Evans, D. R., and S. D. Rice.  1974.
NOAA Fishery Bulletin 72(3):625-638.

A review of recent literature concerning the effects of oil on
marine ecosystems is given to provide an information source for
administrators and policy makers.  Characteristics of crude oil
and the danger of chronic low-level  pollution are included
topics.

Analysis

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.  4(12).
                  Entry #12-74-10216.

                               57

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C-613-74
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN NARRAGANSETT BAY:   I.  SURVEY OF
HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENTS AND CLAMS (MERCENARIA MERCENARIA)

Farrington, J.  W., and J. G.  Quinn.  1973.
Estuarine and Coastal  Marine  Science l(l):71-79.

Results from analyses  of hydrocarbons in surface sediments from
8 stations and in clams, M_. mercenaria, from three stations  in
Narragansett Bay have  shown  that both contain a complex mixture
of hydrocarbons which  is not  present in clams from a relatively
unpolluted pond that was analyzed.  The most probable source
of the hydrocarbons is petroleum pollution  from sewage effluent
and small oil spills.

Analysis

Citation Source:  Biological  Abstracts.  1974.  58(11).
                  Entry #60024.
C-614-74
EXPERIMENTAL ECOSYSTEMS TO MEASURE FATE OF OIL SPILLS DISPERSED
BY SURFACE ACTIVE PRODUCTS

Gatellier, C. R., J. L. Oudin, P. Fusey, J. C. Lacaze, and
M. L. Priou.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 497-504.

The effect of several oil dispersants on polluted ecosystems was
determined by measuring residual hydrocarbons and photosynthetic
and residual toxicity.  Most dispersants increased photosynthetic
inhibition and stopped bacterial decomposition.  Mixtures of true
dispersants and fertilizers were favorable to both plankton and
bacteria.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13059M.
C-615-74
EFFECTS OF SEAWATER EXTRACTS OF CRUDE OIL ON CARBON BUDGETS IN
TWO SPECIES OF MUSSELS

Gilfillan, E. S.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 691-695.

Salinity and crude oil combinations were used to stress animals
                                58

-------
utilized for carbon budgets.  Both reduced salinity and crude
oil decreased the net carbon balances for each species.
Citation Source:
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.
4(12).  Entry #4Q13094M.
    1974.
C-616-74
EFFECTS OF OIL AND EMULSIFIERS ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF NORTHERN
PIKE (ESOX LUCIUS) IN BRACKISH WATER

Hakkila, K., and A. Niemi.  1973.
Aqua Fennica.  p. 44-59.

In experiments studying the effects of Russian crude oil and
some emulsifiers on Northern Pike eggs and larvae in brackish
water, results indicated the emulsifier Neste A, Talestol
(surfactant), crude oil dispersed with Neste A, and contact with
floating oil increased the mortality of developing eggs.  All
substances increased the occurrence of abnormal larvae.
Citation Source:
Selected Water Resources Abstracts.
8(1).  Entry # W75-00432.
1975.
C-617-74
OIL AND THE SEA - THE ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF A CONTROVERSIAL
INVASION

Hay, K. G.  1974.
Marine Technology Society Journal 8(1):19-20.

The findings of a research investigation made by the American
Petroleum Institute studying the fate and effects of oil in
the marine environment are presented.  The topics of information
include the fate and immediate and long-term impact of oil,
biological damage to an ecosystem, mechanisms of organism  uptake,
and toxicity and solubility of refined oil and crude oil aromatics
and various oil dispersants.

Physical changes of oil in the environment

Citation Source:  Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
                  1974.  6(3).  Entry #1093.

C-618-74
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEDIMENT OIL CONCENTRATIONS AND THE
MACROINVERTEBRATES PRESENT IN A SMALL STREAM, FOLLOWING AN OIL
SPILL

Hoehn, R. C., J. R. Stauffer, M. T. Mosnik, and C. H. Hocutt.
1974.
Environmental Letters 7(4):345-352.
                                59

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The study assessed the effects of an oil  spill  on macroinverte-
brate species in a small  creek in Virginia.   It was concluded
that water-soluble fractions of oil  had a toxic effect on the
invertebrates, reducing their numbers at examined sites in the
creek.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-619-74
THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF MARINE BIRDS OVER THE CONTINENTAL
SHELF OF ARGENTINA

Jehl, J. R., Jr.  1974.
Translations of the San Diego Society of Natural  History 17(16):
217-234.

Quantitative information on the distribution and abundance of
marine birds in winter, 1971-1972, on the coastal shelf of
Argentina is presented.  Included in the report is a discussion
of the resource utilization by the birds and a suggestion that
oil pollution is a major cause of sea bird mortality.

Citation Source:  Biological Abstracts.  1975.  59(1).
                  Entry #1272.
C-620-74
EFFECTS OF PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL ON MOLTING TANNER CRABS,
CHIONOECETES BAIRDI

Karinen, J. F., and S. D. Rice.  1974.
Marine Fisheries Review 36(7):31-37.

Laboratory studies were conducted in which premolt and post-molt
juvenile male Tanner crabs from Alaskan waters were exposed to
Prudhoe Bay crude oil.  Crabs were found to be affected by the
oil and molting success was found to decrease with increasing
oil exposure.  Results suggest that oil spilled in Alaskan waters
would harm the Tanner crab resources.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  74(23).  Entry #COM-74-50189-07-08/GA.
C-621-74
THE TOXICITY OF CRUDE OIL AND ITS COMPONENTS TO FRESHWATER ALGAE

Kauss, P., T. C. Hutchinson, C. Soto, J. Hellebust, and M.
Griffiths.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 703-714.
                                60

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Field tests studying the effects of crude oil on freshwater
algae indicate that the responses to oil are species-specific,
varying from suppression to stimulation of growth.  The toxicity
of 7 different crude oils on Chlorella vulgaris was variable in
lab experiments.  Results suggest that short-term toxicity of
oils is due to the rapid loss of volatile compounds and dif-
ferences in toxicity of selected aromatic compounds (benzene,
toluene, 0-xylene).

Citation Source:  Senior Author.
C-622-74
DISPERSING OIL ON THE SEA

Kerr, D., W. W. Mansfield, K. C. Pirani, and D. Tranter.  1974.
Search 5(9):424-428.

The report describes the results of an investigation by the
Australian Commonwealth Department of Transport, to prepare and
assess materials and equipment capable of removing oil slicks
from coastal water without adversely affecting marine life.
Various dispersants are classified and discussed in respect to
their effectiveness, ease of storage and transport, and toxicity.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-623-74
THE EFFECTS OF THREE ANTI-PETROLEUM AGENTS ON THE PRIMARY
PRODUCTIVITY OF AN EXPERIMENTAL COMMUNITY OF BENTHIC DIATOMS

Lacaze, J. C.    1972/1973.
Vie et Milieu Serie B Ocenaographie 23(l):51-67.

The short-term and long-term effects of three anti-oil emulsifying
agents on the productivity of an experimental community of benthic
diatoms were studied.  Two of the anti-oil agents, Sefoil and
Corexit, showed no toxicity under experimental conditions; however,
the third agent, Gamosol, was shown to be distinctly toxic to
the organisms.

Citation Source:  Biological Abstracts.  1975.  59(2).
                  Entry #7516.
C-624-74
EFFECTS OF OIL SPILL DISPERSANTS ON THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF
BALTIC HERRING

Linden, 0.  1974.
Annales Zoologici Fennici 11(2):141-148.
                                 61

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The fertilized eggs and larvae of the Baltic herring Clupea
harengus membras L. were exposed to different concentrations
of two oil spill dispersants, BP 1100X and Finasol S.C.  A
concentration as low as 1 ppm Finasol S.C. induced abnormal
cell division and malformed embryos; and with increasing
concentration, both dispersants caused an increased number of
malformed larvae and a decreased percentage of successful
hatching.  Exposed larvae were more sensitive to the dispersants
than the herring eggs.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(9).  Entry #4Q9606M.
C-625-74
THE EFFECTS OF DIESEL FUEL ON A STREAM

Lund, J. M.  1974.
Fauna (Oslo) 27(2):78-80.

The paper is a summary of R. B. Bury's report appearing in
"California Fish and Game," 1972.  Norway is presently concerned
with the topic of stream oil pollution, since a tanker lost
2000 tons of diesel fuel in the sea north of Tromso in November,
1973, resulting in the deaths of 2000 seabirds.

Citation Source:  Biological Abstracts.  1975.  59(2).
                  Entry #11389.
C-626-74
THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON MARINE MICROBIAL PROCESSES:  A
FIELD STUDY

Mitchell, R.  1974.
Technical Report, No. TR-6, Contract N00014-67-A-0298-0026.
44 p.

In a field study measuring the effects of chemical pollutants
on Red Sea corals, it is demonstrated in the results that low
concentrations of crude oil, copper and available organic
matter, which did not kill corals directly, upset the micro-
biological balance on the coral surface.  Changes on the coral
surface eventually led to the death of the colonies.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  7(26).  Entry #AD-787 602/2GA.
                               62

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C-627-74
EFFECT OF CHRONIC OIL POLLUTION ON A POLYCHAETE

Mohammed, M-B., M.  1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(2):21-24.

Results from studies measuring the growth and survival of the
tube-building polychaete Pomatoleios kraussii, on plates immersed
in oil-effected waters at an oil terminal and in oil-free waters
at Kuwait are described.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-628-74
EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS:  A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF
PUBLISHED DATA

Moore, S. F., and R. L. Dwyer.  1974.
Water Research 8(10):819-828.

The focus of the paper is to summarize the effects of oil  on
individual organisms.   Oil effects on an organism are classified
as lethal toxicity, sublethal toxicity, coating, habitat altera-
tion, and incorporation.  The ranges of soluble aromatic hydro-
carbon concentration in which marine organisms may exhibit lethally
toxic and sublethally toxic effects are given.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-629-74
UPTAKE AND DISCHARGE OF PETROLEUM BY BARNACLES

Morris, R. J.  1973.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 4(7):107-109.

Research efforts studying the hydrocarbon content of Lepas
fascicularis living on tar balls and the composition of the tar
balls have indicated that oil hydrocarbons are assimilated by
the barnacles and then discharged, unmetabolized, in a short
period of time.

Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.  1974.  11(6).
                  Entry #74-05609.
                               63

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C-630-74
BACKGROUND PAPERS FOR A WORKSHOP ON INPUTS, FATES, AND EFFECT
OF PETROLEUM

National Academy of Sciences.   1973.
Contract N00014-67-A-0244-0028.  479 p.

The following are some of the topics discussed in the volume on
petroleum pollution:  occurrence and amount of pelagic tar in
the open ocean, biological fates of hydrocarbons in aquatic
organisms, biological effects of chronic oil pollution on coastal
ecosystems, and uptake and depuration of specific hydrocarbons
from oil by two bivalves.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  74(22).  Entry #AD-783 990/5GA.

C-631-74
BACKGROUND PAPERS FOR A WORKSHOP ON INPUTS, FATES, AND EFFECTS
OF PETROLEUM IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT.  VOLUME I.

National Academy of Sciences.  1973.
Contract N00014-67-A-0244-0028.  391 p.

The following are some of the topics discussed in the volume
on petroleum pollution:  sources of oil entering the sea,
petroleum inputs to the marine environment, analytical techniques
to determine oil contamination in marine organisms and hydro-
carbon biodegradation kinetics.

Biological degradation

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  74(22).  Entry #AD-783 989/7GA.

C-632-74
OIL POLLUTION AND MARINE ECOLOGY

Nelson-Smith, A.  1973.
Plenum Press, New York.  260 p.

The volume examines spilt oil in the sea with reference to its
physical and chemical characteristics, behavior at sea, detection,
identification and analysis, and its effects on marine organisms
and resident birds and mammals.  Recommended methods for removing
spilt oil are presented.

Physical changes of oil in the environment
Chemical changes of oil in the environment

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(21).  Entry # W74-11166.
                                64

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C-633-74
EFFECTS OF WATER SOLUBLE EXTRACTS OF OIL ON PHYTOPLANKTON

Nuzzi, R.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 809-813.

Soluble constituents of No. 2 fuel oil are toxic to bacteria-free
phytoplankton cultures and also affect natural  populations.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries  Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry MQ13102G.
C-634-74
EFFECT OF CHRONIC OIL CONTAMINATION ON AQUATIC DIPTERANS:  A
STATE OF THE ART REPORT

Parker, B. L., and J. D. Brammer.  1974.
Vermont Water Resources Research Center, Burlington, Completion
Report.  OWRT A-018-VT(1).   14-31-1-4046.   NTIS Report PB-237
499.  32 p.

"A literature search was conducted to compile a state of the
art report and the research needs in the area of petroleum
pollution in aquatic environments."  The biological  effects
of oil contamination on marine aquatic organisms, with particular
emphasis on aquatic dipterans, was one of the topics reviewed.
No research literature was  found on the effects of low level,
chronic oil pollution on aquatic insects,  and research needs in
this area were outlined.

Citation Source:  Selected  Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.
                  8(3).  Entry # W75-01336.
C-635-74
THE EFFECTS OF A NO. 2 FUEL OIL AND TWO CRUDE OILS ON THE GROWTH
AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MICROALGAE

Pulich, W. M., Jr., K. Winters, and C. Van Baalen.  1974.
Marine Biology 28(2):87-94.

The paper reports the effects of two crude oils and water
solubles from these oils and from a No. 2 fuel oil on the
growth and photosynthesis of pure cultures of microalgae.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
                               65

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C-636-74
A CONTINUOUS FLOW KINETIC MODEL TO PREDICT THE EFFECTS OF
TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITY OF OIL REFINERY WASTE TO ALGAE

Reynolds, J. H., E. J. Middlebrooks, and D. B. Porcella.   1973.
Utah Water Research Laboratory, Logan, Research Report.  OWRR
B-070-UTAH(2).  14-31-0001-3659.  NTIS Report PB-237 669.

Equations have been developed, using continuous flow, stirred
tank, reactor kinetics and enzyme inhibition kinetics, to
determine the effects of temperature on the toxicity of oil
refinery wastes to microorganisms.  It is indicated from the
results that phenol exerts a competitive inhibition effect on
the algae Selenastrum capricornutum and that phenol toxicity
increases with an increase in temperature.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.
                  8(3).  Entry # W75-01408.

C-637-74
TOXICITY AND AVOIDANCE TESTS WITH PRUDHOE BAY OIL AND PINK
SALMON FRY

Rice, S. D.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 667-670.

Acute toxicity concentration levels were determined for Prudhoe
Bay crude oil on pink salmon fry in fresh and salt water.  The
observed 96-hour TLM values were lower in freshwater fry than
in saltwater animals (88 mg oil/liter vs. 213 mg/liter in June).
Older fry were more susceptible to oil toxicity and more
sensitive in detecting and avoiding oil than were the younger
fry.

Citation Source:  Author.

C-638-74
3-4 BENZOPYRENE POLLUTION IN SOME AREAS OF THE ADRIATIC

Scaccini Cicatelli, M.  1973.
In:  Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium of
Medical Oceanography, Messina, October 4-7, 1974.  S. Genovese
(editor).  Messina, Italy,  p. 573-581.

3-4 Benzopyrene, the most carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon,
was found to be present in the marine benthos collected in the
northern and central Adriatic.  The pollution affected plankton
and numerous organisms including some fish species in which
the hydrocarbon was present in the edible parts.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(9).  Entry #4Q9602M.

                                66

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C-639-74
ACCUMULATION, RELEASE AND RETENTION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
BY THE OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA

Stageman, J. J., and J. M. Teal.  1973.
Marine Biology 22(l):37-44.

After exposing two populations of C_. virginica to a complex
petroleum hydrocarbon fraction, the hydrocarbons were accumulated
by both groups; rate and extent of uptake of the materials were
related to the lipid content of the populations and hydrocarbon
concentration in the water.  Other factors involved with uptake,
retention and release of hydrocarbons when transferred to
uncontaminated conditions are discussed.

Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.
C-640-74
ENGLISH, GULF INCIDENTS SHOW OIL/FISH PROBLEMS

Townes, B.  1975.
National Fisherman 55(11):20-A.

A major problem relating to the North Sea, New England, and U.S.
Gulf Coast waters is the need to integrate both fishing and
oil-related industries in these common waters.  The possibility
of fish-killing oil spill occurrences is a concern of the
fishermen; however, oil companies claim the chance of such oil
spills from offshore drilling has been minimized.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-641-74
HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION/TOXICITY DETERMINATION:  ASHLAND OIL
INCORPORATED, CATLETTSBURG, KENTUCKY

Vandervort, R., and J. B. Lucas.  1974.
NTIS Report PB-232 725/2WP.  18 p.

The report describes the effects of exposure to flaked and molten
petroleum pitch at the Asphalt Department of Ashland Oil,
Catlettsburg, Kentucky; as determined by the National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health.  Normal concentrations of
petroleum pitch produce seasonal phototoxic reactions in the
employees examined.

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1975.  5(1).
                  Entry #02-75-00290.
                               67

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C-642-74
OIL SPILL, LONG ISLAND SOUTH, MARCH 21, 1972, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS

Vast, Inc.  1973.
NTIS Report PB-230 340/2WP.   146 p.

The paper describes the studies conducted to determine the
effects of a No. 2 fuel oil  spill on benthic communities in
Niantic Bay.   Species density and diversity were measured
at several stations and samples of the biota were chromato-
graphically analyzed for oil  content.  Results showed one
area, the mid-bay station, to be contaminated.

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.   1974.  4(12).
                  Entry #12-74-10228.
C-643-74
ARRESTANT EFFECT OF POLYOXYETHYLENE ESTERS ON SWIMMING IN THE
WINTER FLOUNDER

Wildish, D. J.  1974.
Water Resources 8(8):579-583.

The paper reports that sublethal concentrations of the oil
dispersant Gulf Agent 1009 Lot No. LS-3712, has been shown to
suppress the endogenous tidal rhythm and reduce the swimming
amplitude in the winter flounder.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.
                  12(11).  Entry #074487.
C-644-74
THE FATE AND BEHAVIOR OF CRUDE OIL ON MARINE LIFE

Yentsch, C. S., E. S. Gilfillan, and 0. R. Sears.  1973.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-9-75, CGR/DC-4/74, Contract DOT-
CG-13992-A.  69 p.

Results from the study examining the physiological effects of
crude oil on marine organisms have indicated that crude oil,
although not acutely toxic to test organisms has been found to
cause serious metabolic disorders in both plants and animals.
Such effects could lead to a reduction in the net amount of
carbon available for growth and reproduction.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  7(25).  Entry #AD-786 584/3GA.
                             68

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C-645-74
ALKANES AND ALKENES IN MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE

Youngblood, W. W., and M. Blumer.  1973.
Marine Biology 21(13):163-172.

Concentrations of saturated and olefinic hydrocarbons were
determined in benthic marine algae species near Cape Cod.  It
was found that the alkene to alkane ratio and polyolefinic
content were highest in young plants and rapidly growing tissues
of older plants, suggesting considerable hydrocarbon involvement
in the cell biochemistry.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(22).  Entry # W74-11951.
                               69

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2.   PHYSICAL EFFECTS


    C-646-74
    OIL SPILLS IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN:   EXTENT  OF  SPREADING AND
    POSSIBILITY OF LARGE-SCALE  THERMAL  EFFECTS

    Ayers, R.  C., Jr., H.  0. Jahns,  and J. L. Glaeser.  1974.
    Science 184(4166):843-845.

    A discussion and general conclusions are presented  concerning
    oil-spreading mechanisms at the  air-water interface in  the
    Arctic Ocean and significant heat balance effects of oil  spills
    on these waters.

    Citation Source:  Citation  Journal.
    C-647-74
    LARGE-SCALE EXPERIMENTS ON THE SPREADING  OF OIL  AT  SEA AND
    ITS DISAPPEARANCE BY NATURAL  FACTORS

    Jeffery, P. G.   1973.
    Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention  and Control of  Oil
    Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington,  D.C., 4172.   p.  469-474.

    The spreading pattern of an experimental  discharge  of  120 tons
    of Iranian light crude oil in the North Atlantic is described.
    After a period of four days,  only a few patches  of  thicker  oil
    remained.  Blokker constants  for the  observed  spreading were
    reasonably constant.

    Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences &  Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                      4(12).  Entry #4Q13056M.
    C-648-74
    INFLUENCE OF NATURAL LIGHT ON THE BIODEGRADATION  OF  A  NONIONIC
    SURFACTANT USED FOR DISPERSING OIL SLICKS AT SEA

    Lacaze, J. C.   1974.
    EPA-TR-59-75.   Translations of Academie des  Sciences,  Paris.
    Comptes Rendus 277(4):409-412.   10 p.

    In studying the influence of light on  the biodegradation  of a
    nonionic surfactant, results indicate  that even weak light  may
    considerably slow down the process.

    Citation Source:   Environmental  Health and Pollution Control.
                      1974.   6(3).   Entry  #872.
                                  70

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3.   CHEMICAL EFFECTS


    C-649-74
    POLLUTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN

    Holt, S. J.   1973.
    Nature in Focus 17:5-9.

    The introduction of oil  among other pollutants has caused
    chemical changes in the  Mediterranean.   No effect on  the
    fisheries is yet documented.   International  regulations  to
    control  these changes are considered.

    International legislation

    Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.   1975.   12(1).
                      Entry  #75-00712.
    C-650-74
    AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF OIL POLLUTANTS  IN  SEDIMENTS

    Shelton, T.  B.,  and J.  V.  Hunter.   1974.
    Journal of the Water Pollution  Control Federation  46(9):2172-2182,

    Data were collected on  oil  concentrations and  oxygen  utilization
    rates of natural  bottom sediments  containing oil pollutants  in
    New Jersey rivers.   Organic carbon is  released with time  from
    sediments containing oil by aerobic conditions in  the overlying
    water.   These conditions cause  oil loss, although  other organic
    compounds are lost  more rapidly.

    Citation Source:   Chemical  Abstracts.  1974.   81(26).
                      Entry #173199x.
                                  71

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D.   OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION

    1.   DESIGN AND ENGINEERING


        C-651-74
        A NEW SALT-BASED MUD SYSTEM FOR THE NORTH SEA

        Achterberg, A.   1973.
        Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME:   Second Annual  European
        Meeting.  In:   Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME.   SPE 4319.
        8 p.

        A new type of saltwater-based mud system was used successfully
        in 730 onshore wells and 4 offshore wells in the North  Sea.
        The mud system was developed to improve  well safety and as a
        pollution prevention unit for the environment.

        Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.  1974.   11(6).
                          Entry #74-05775.
        C-652-74
        BURNING WASTE OIL

        Anon.  1973.
        Compressed Air 78(11):14-16.

        In the article is described an oil  burner which is used to burn
        up to 20,000 BPD of unrefinable crude oil during offshore well
        tests.  The burner, which utilizes  compressed air to atomize
        the waste, disposes of oil  without polluting the air or surrounding
        waters.

        Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts.  1975.  6(1).
                          Entry #75-00470.
        C-653-74
        DOUBLE BOTTOM BARGES PROVIDE GREATER PROTECTION AGAINST WATER
        POLLUTION

        Anon.  1974.
        Marine Engineering Log 79:42-43.

        Ashland Oil, Inc., of Ashland, Kentucky, has recently replaced
        its older tank  barges with 41 double-skin integrated tank
        barges for use in integrated tows of petroleum products.  The
        double-skin construction provides for greater protection against
        oil spillage should the exterior shell of the barge hull be
        damaged.

        Citation Source:  Citation Journal.

                                    72

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C-654-74
TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN DRILLING AND DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSHORE
HYDROCARBON RESOURCES

Cipa, W., and A. G. Gelsenberg.  1974.
Presented at 9th World Energy Conference, Detroit, September
22-27, 1974.  p. 3.1-3.  19 p.

The developments in the area of underwater drilling and oil
production equipment and techniques are reported.  Oil pollution
control, as related to these activities is also considered.

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.  4(11).
                  Entry #11-74-09614.
C-655-74
CONTROL OF TANKER DEBALLASTING OPERATIONS

DeVial, R. M.  1973.
Shipbuilding and Shipping Record 122(22):29.

It is stated that total oil floating on the sea surface, due
to intentional discharges from merchant ships, could possibly
be reduced from 9 million tons/year to 3 million tons/year by
the use of slop tanks and instrumented supervision of discharges.
International marine regulations pertaining to oil discharge
control are reviewed and the design requirements for a shipboard
oil content monitoring instrument are discussed.

International legislation

Citation Source:  Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
                  1974.  6(1).  Entry #662.
C-656-74
LOAD-ON-TOP SYSTEM FOR CRUDE OIL TANKERS—EXPERIENCE AND POSSIBLE
DESIGN IMPROVEMENTS

Overaas, S.  1974.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Transactions
11.  7 p.

The efficiency of the load-on-top system for crude oil tanker
loading was investigated by taking samples on board crude oil
carriers under normal operating conditions.   An improved arrange-
ment for applying the load-on-top method was proposed, based on
information from model tests and experience from operating tankers.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1975.   13(1).
                  Entry #006396.
                                73

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C-657-74
FLOATING OIL COLLAR MAY AID CONSERVATIONALISTS

Roberts, D.  1974.
The Engineer 283(6167):13.

An experimental model oil platform, the flotation oil collar,
is being considered in an effort to solve Britain's problems
of (1) shortages of deep water oil platform building sites,
(2) enormous platform construction costs, and (3) the "blackening"
of deep water building sites.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-658-74
A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF OIL SPREADING AND TRANSPORT
AND ITS APPLICATION FOR PREDICTING OIL SLICK MOVEMENT IN BAYS

Wang, S., and L-S. Hwang.  1975.
NTIS Report AD-780 424/8WP.  115 p.

The paper reports the development of a computer model for
simulating oil spreading and transport at the air-water interface,
The model, able to predict the oil size, shape and movement as
a function of time after a spill originates, is a useful tool
in directing effective control and cleanup activities once an
oil spill occurs.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1975.  5(1).
                  Entry #12-75-00671.
                               74

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2.   OIL HANDLING


    C-659-74
    PATENTED COLLECTOR PAN HELPS CUT POLLUTION

    Anon.   1974.
    Oil & Gas Journal  72(46):91.

    A collector pan system has been developed which is  useful  in
    the prevention of  water pollution and aids in  oil  recovery
    from tank-car loading facilities.  The system  is  composed  of
    steel  pans and aprons to  catch spilled diesel  fuel,  oils,
    grease, etc., and  prevents these wastes from entering  nearby
    waterways or sewers.

    Citation Source:   Citation Journal.
    C-660-74
    TANK CLEANING AND SHORE RECEPTION - A NEED FOR INVESTMENT
    INCENTIVES

    Anon.  1973.
    Shipbuilding  and Shipping Record 122(22):27 +33.

    The lack of commercial  incentives to construct shore reception
    facilities for the unloading  of oily water from tankers  is  the
    concern of tanker owners.  A  reason for  this lack of commercial
    incentives is that owners are reluctant  to pay for oily  waste
    reception and choose instead  to dump their wastes at sea.

    Citation Source:  Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
                      1974.  6(1).   Entry #612.
    C-661-74
    PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF  PETROLEUM DELIVERY
    MARINE TERMINALS FOR EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS

    Cox, G. V., and S.  G.  Chamberlain.   1974.
    Offshore Technology Conference,  6th Annual,  Preprint of Paper,
    Houston, Texas  May 6-8,  1974.   (l):415-424.   Paper 1978.

    The paper summarizes the  environmental aspects of eleven receipt
    alternatives for petroleum delivery marine terminals, including
    inner harbor terminals,  island  pier terminals and single-point-
    mooring systems.  Each alternative  was rated  using a matrix value
    system.  A deepwater crude receipt  terminal was selected as the
    best economic, environmental and engineering  option.

    Citation Source:  The Engineering Index  Monthly.   1974.   12(11).
                      Entry  #071929.

                                  75

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C-662-74
COMPUTER CONTROLS PIPELINE LEAKS

Crider. C. W.  1974.
Oil & Gas Journal 72(41)-.67-70.

A leak detection system has been developed by Colonial  Pipeline
Co., Atlanta, Georgia, and is able to detect oil  losses as small
as 10 bbl in tests with an oil delivery rate of 7500 bbl/hr.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.   1974.  12(12).
                  Entry #079617.
C-663-74
LEAK DETECTION IN UNDERWATER OIL PIPELINES

Jackson, P. A.  1973.
NOAA Report 272-23100-R2.  NTIS Report COM-73-11776.  32 p.

A review of leak detection devices for underwater oil pipelines
is given to provide pollution control information prior to
construction of oil pipelines from deepwater tanker terminals
to shore facilities.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(23).  Entry # W74-12065.
                               76

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3.   WASTE WATER TREATMENT


    C-664-74
    BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION AND REPEATED USE  OF  INDUSTRIAL  SPRINKLER
    WASTE WATERS AT THE POLOTSK PETROLEUM REFINERY [English  Translation]

    Ageev, V.  A., and V.  A.  Ermakov.   1974.
    Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i  Masel  9:15-16.

    The biochemical purification system  of refinery waste  waters  is
    described.

    Citation Source:   Chemical  Abstracts.   1975.   82(6).
                      Entry  #34782q.
    C-665-74
    EMULSIFIED OILY  WATER TREATING  EQUIPMENT

    Anon.   1974.
    Technical  Review ll(l):79-82.

    An  outline is  provided for  the  treatment  of  oil-contaminated
    waste  water utilizing a system  newly  developed  by Mitsubishe
    Heavy  Industries.

    Citation Source:   Selected  Water  Resources Abstracts.   1974.
                      7(24).  Entry # W74-13281.
    C-666-74
    HYDE  OIL-WATER  SEPARATOR

    Anon.
    Product  Information.

    The Hyde  oil-water  separator  is  a gravity-type device which
    can be applied  to almost  any  oil-water  separation  problem.
    The separator can reduce  the  oil content  in water  effluent to
    less  than 5  ppm.  The  design  and operation of the  unit are
    reported.

    Information  Source:  E. E.  Heidenreich, Hyde Products, Inc.,
                        810  Sharon  Dr., Westlake, Ohio 44145.
    C-667-74
    OIL/WATER  CLEANER

    Anon.   1975.
    Chemical Engineering  82(1):78.
                                  77

-------
A new cleaning compound, Cleanbreak, is reported to effectively
clean and separate oil/water wastes.  The compound works by
making a temporary dispersion of oil particles that agglomerate
and rise to the surface.  Cleanbreak acts on the oil layer,
preventing the formation of an emulsified interface.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-668-74
PACKAGE TYPE WASTE WATER TREATING APPARATUS

Anon.  1974.
Technical Review 11(1):83-84.

A package type device is described for use in effectively
treating waste waters, including oily water.  A coalescer is
used for the primary treatment of oily water followed by
installment of this apparatus which secondarily treats the
water by a chemical flotation method.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(24).  Entry # W74-13282.
C-669-74
FEASIBILITY TEST PROGRAM OF APPLICATION OF COALESCING PHASE
OIL/WATER SEPARATORS TO SELF COMPENSATING FUEL TANKS IN
SURFACE SHIPS

Arnaiz, J. B., and E. Batutis.  1974.
USCG-D-88-74, Contract DOT-CG-24290-A.  90 p.

An evaluation of the General Electric Coalescing Plate Oil/Water
Separator concept as applied to ballast water discharges during
routine fueling operations is reported.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  Entry #AD-784 105/9GA.
C-670-74
EFFLUENT TREATMENT IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

Berne, F., and L. P. Aggarwal.   1974.
Effluent Water Treatment Journal 14(8):26-29.
                               78

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The methods of treating effluent containing oily wastes as free
oil or mechanically and chemically emulsified are described.

Oil handling

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(12).
                  Entry #077806.
C-671-74
SLASH COSTS BY RECYCLING TREATED WASTEWATER THROUGH SPECIAL
FILTERS

Boris, D.  1974.
Power 118(4):140.

A treatment technique used to recycle refinery wastewater
effluent for reuse in in-plant consumption is described.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-672-74
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF SEPARATE COMPONENTS OF WASTE WATERS
FROM THE KIRISH PETROLEUM REFINERY THAT HAD UNDERGONE BIOLOGICAL
PURIFICATION [English Translation]

Donchenko, N. A., and N. M. Arshanits.  1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:29-32.

Data are presented on the results of the biological purification
of a mixture of industrial waste water and municipal sewage.
The purified municipal waste solution was found to be harmless
to brook trout fingerlings after a 64-fold dilution.

Biological effects of oil pollution

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).
                  Entry #175789p.
C-673-74
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT - BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR
TREATMENT OF REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATERS

Ford, D. L., and L. F. Tischler.  1974.
American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry,
Preprint 19(3):520-539.  (Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey,
September 8-13, 1974).

The waste treatment system process combined with biological
                              79

-------
treatment as used with refinery and petrochemical waste waters
to produce high quality effluents is discussed.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.   1975.  13(1).
                  Entry #006867.
C-674-74
STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING EQUIPMENT USED FOR THE
BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS FROM PETROLEUM
REFINERIES [English Translation]

Gerber, V. Ya.  1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:10-14.

A review with six references.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(6).
                  Entry #34737d.
C-675-74
ULTRAFILTRATION OF SOLUBLE OIL WASTES

Goldsmith, R. L., D. A. Roberts, and D. L. Burre.  1974.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 46(9):2183-2192.

The advantages of ultrafiltration in disposing of soluble oil
waste are presented.  Lower cost, very high oil removal
efficiency and little pretreatment required are included among
the beneficial aspects of the process.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(24).
                  Entry #158399u.
C-676-74
WATER MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN REFINERY COOLING SYSTEMS

Griffin, R. W.  1974.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, [Pap.] 74-PET-15.

New regulations on waste water discharges make cation additions
with nonchromate inhibitors necessary.  Biocides are used daily.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  82(8).
                  Entry #47582z.
                               80

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C-677-74
TREATMENT OF EMULSIFIED OIL WASTE CONTAINING SURFACE ACTIVE
AGENTS (English Summary)

Hagiwara, K., Y. Murakami, and K. Nishiguchi.   1974.
Osaka Kogyo Gijutsu Shikensho Kiho 8(l):61-63.

The treatment of bubbling ozone into oil waste water effectively
removes surface-active agents after removal  of oil  by other
methods.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.   1974.  81(22).
                  Entry #140541z.
C-678-74
WASTE WATER RECYCLED FOR USE IN REFINERY COOLING TOWERS

Hart, J. A.  1973.
Oil and Gas Journal 71(24):92-96.

Described is Mobile Oil's program to minimize water contamination
in the Indiana Harbor Canal, which is the source of input water
for its East Chicago Refinery.

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts.  1975.  6(1).
                  Entry #75-00520.
C-679-74
EVALUATION OF A UNIQUE CENTRIFUGE FOR SEPARATION OF OIL FROM
SHIP DISCHARGE WATER

Harvey, A. C., and V. K. Stokes.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  391-402.

Described is a centrifugal coalescer designed and tested for oil
separation as it disperses in ship bilge and ballast water.
The design, development and laboratory tests of the coalescer
are evaluated.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13013G.
                               81

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C-680-74
PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS AT THE NOVO-GORKY PETROLEUM
REFINERY [English Translation]

Klochkov, 0. N., and M. A. Denisov.  1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:34-37.

The treatment for the purification of oil refinery waste
waters is described.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).
                  Entry #175791h.
C-681-74
BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS FROM THE GROZNY GROUP
OF PETROLEUM REFINERIES [English Translation]

Mantrov, V. P.  1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:32-34.

The biochemical purification process for petroleum waste waters
is described.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).
                  Entry #175790g.
C-682-74
DETERMINATION OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF OIL IN WASTE WATER [English
Summary]

Matsumoto, R., I. Taguchi, and T. Ishiguro.  1974.
Tetsu To Hagane 60(13):2056-2061.

Concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm of oil in waste water can be
determined using the absorption of sericite powder and then
determining the carbon content of the powder.  A recommended
procedure, considering factors such as the pH effect, is given.

Analysis

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(8).
                  Entry #47481r.
C-683-74
TREATMENT OF OILY WASTE WATER USING ACTIVATED CARBON

Matsumoto, T., M. Inoue, T. Takeuchi, and E. Sugimoto.  1974.
Mitsui Zosen Giho (Mitsui Shipbuilding Technical Review) 85:1-10.
                               82

-------
Results are presented on experiments where oily waste water
was treated using activated carbon.  In the system 10 ppm oil
were contained in the solution at the inlet of the fluidized
bed adsorption column, and less than 1 ppm oil was present at
the outlet.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(24).  Entry # W74-13287.
C-684-74
CHARACTERISTICS AND HYGIENIC EFFECTIVENESS OF MEASURES FOR THE
SANITARY PROTECTION OF RESERVOIRS [English Translation]

Murzakaev, F. G., and A. A. Mingazetdinov.  1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:22-24.

Described are the measures undertaken by petroleum refineries
in the Bashkiria region to protect water reservoirs and improve
nearby river quality.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts,  1975.  82(6).
                  Entry #34783r.
C-685-74
ULTRAFILTRATION REMOVAL OF SOLUBLE OIL

Nordstrom, R. P., Jr.  1974.
Pollution Engineering 6(10):46-47.

A new process  utilizing ultrafiltration membranes for the
treatment of emulsified oil wastes in the metal working industry
is described.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974. 12(12).
                  Entry #081944.
C-686-74
THE COANDA-EFFECT OIL-WATER SEPARATOR:  A FEASIBILITY STUDY

Pal, D.  1974.
Technical Note 1331, Naval Civil Engineering Lab, Port Hueneme,
NTIS Report AD-774 080.  35 p.

Described is an experimental investigation which determined the
effectiveness of the Coanda-effect oil-water separator.  Tests
                              83

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demonstrated that the separator reduced the oil  content in an
oil-water mixture from 6% to 1-3%.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.   1974.
                  7(21).  Entry # W74-11436.
C-687-74
COMPLETE INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER REUSE GOAL OF REFINING STUDY

Porter, J.  W., J. H. Blake, and R. T. Milligan.  1973.
Oil & Gas Journal 71(40):70-74.

The article discusses the problems that face the oil refineries
in attaining waste water discharge standards to comply with the
U.S. national goal of zero discharge of pollutants to the
waterways by 1985.

National legislation

Citation Source:  Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
                  1974.  6(1).  Entry #633.
C-688-74
RPC DIVISION, MIDLAND-ROSS CORP.  10-GALLON-PER-MINUTE LIQUID/
LIQUID SEPARATOR

Russell, E. C.  1973.
Report 2058, May, 1973.  NTIS Report AD-763 154.  11 p.

The design and testing of a 10 gpm liquid/liquid separator as
a shipboard oil pollution control device is described.  Redesign
of the separator may be required to insure complete oil separa-
tion at high oil injection rates.

Design and engineering

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(23).  Entry # W74-12009.
C-689-74
PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING CIRCULATING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF
PETROLEUM REFINERIES [English Translation]

Saifutdinov, K. Z., E. G. loakimis, and A. K. Efimova.  1974,
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:4-7.
                              84

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A water supply and drainage system with complete return of
industrial and sewer waste waters, which replaces 46% of the
feed water with treated municipal sewage, is described.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).
                  Entry #176026z.
C-690-74
POSSIBLE FLOTATION SEPARATION OF THE DISPERSED PHASE FROM
DILUTE OIL-WATER EMULSIONS [English Summary]

Skrylev, L. D., and V. A. Artemova.  1974.
Kolloidnyi Zhurnal 36(3):594-596.

A number of cationic surfactants are given which are suitable
for the removal of motor oil, industrial lubricants, compressor
oil, turbine oil or transformer oil from industrial effluents,
when used in a flotation separation process.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(2).
                  Entry #5563p.
C-691-74
ROLE OF PROTOZOA IN THE BIOLOGICAL PURIFICATION OF PETROCHEMICAL
INDUSTRY WASTE WATERS [English Summary]

Strom, A. D., I. P. Danilevskaya, I.  F. Tikhonruk, G.  D.  Vasilenko,
and V. V. Vitlinskaya.  1974.
Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal  10(2):49-54.

Petrochemical waste waters were passed through a biofliter and
at flow rates of ~200 ml/hr, the COD of the purified water was
5 mg 0/1.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).
                  Entry #175705h.
                               85

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4.  RESEARCH


    C-692-74
    ANALYSIS OF WATER CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
    AND THEIR ADAPTABILITY TO SEMI-ARID REGIONS

    Ben-David, S., F. L.  Brown,  Jr.,  H.  G.  Folster,  and E.  F.  Thode.
    1974.
    New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute,  Las Cruces,
    Report 040, June, 1974.   155 p.   NTIS Report PB-236-280.

    The petroleum refining and coal  gasification industries were
    selected for a study which examined the operating character-
    istics of these water-using industries  and their technological
    ability to adapt to the economic and environmental conditions
    of the semi-arid Southwest.

    Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.   1974.
                      7(24).  Entry  # W74-12863.

    C-693-74
    ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON OFFSHORE FACILITIES

    Hull, A. R., and T. S. Austin.   1974.
    Marine Technology Society Journal 8(4):15-21.

    The article describes the services of the Environmental Data
    Service, NOAA, which are to provide environmental data  in  areas
    including oceanography and marine geology, and  to work  with
    individuals, industry and government agencies to conduct
    environmental studies to meet offshore development needs.   The
    role of environmental data in the development of superports in
    the Gulf of Mexico is discussed.

    Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.   4(11).
                      Entry #12-74-09627.

    C-694-74
    EPA INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL R AND D PROGRAM-PETROLEUM
    REFINING AND ORGANIC CHEMICALS  INDUSTRIES

    Lacy, W. J., P. E. Des Rosiers,  L. Myers, and T. E. Short.  1974.
    American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry,
    Preprint 19(3):516.  (Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey,
    September 8-13, 1974).

    The authors examine the research and development programs
    developed by the U.S. Environmental  Protection  Agency  for
    water pollution control in the U.S. chemical industry.

    Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1975.  13(1).
                      Entry #006866.

                                  86

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C-695-74
CARGO SPILL PROBABILITY ANALYSIS - A BAYESIAN APPROACH

Nair, K., H. C. Shah, and S. Wayne.  1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.  (l):435-447.  Paper 1980.

A Bayesian statistical approach was used in the development
of a probability method for predicting cargo spill occurrences.
Probable size, location and cause of cargo spills can be
predicted.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11)
                  Entry #074491.
C-696-74
EXPERIMENTAL QUALITY RESEARCH IN THE OCEAN SCIENCES DIVISION

Nekritz, R.  1973.
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., Report of
NRL Progress; November, 1973.  p. 17-28.

Several projects of the Ocean Sciences Division are reviewed,
including control of oil spills.

Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.  1975.  12(1).
                  Entry #75-00684.
C-697-74
EMERGING OCEAN OIL AND MINING LAW

Wurfel, S. W.  1974.
North Carolina University Sea Grant Publication UNC-SG-74-02.
65 p.

Six research studies are presented in the report.   Topics
include:  International Cooperation for the Control of Oil
Pollution (G.E. Smith), International Regulation of Petroleum
Exploration and Exploitation on the High Seas (J.  A. Sanford
Routh), and the North Carolina Oil Pollution Control Law; A
Model for State Efforts to Curb Pollution of the Sea (J.  V.
Maxwel1).

International legislation
State legislation

Citation Source:   Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(10).  Entry E4Q11009M.
                               87

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5.  REGULATIONS, STANDARDS AND PLANNING

    C-698-74
    OIL SPILLS TROUBLE CANADIAN WATERS

    Anon.  1974.
    Water Newsletter 16(23):2.

    Canada's Environment Minister reported that 8,500 gallons  of
    oils are spilled each week in Canadian waters.   Efforts are
    being made by the Environmental  Ministry and the Ministry  of
    Transportation to develop regulations and standards covering
    siting and operation of oil terminals and transportation of
    oil cargoes in Canadian waters.

    Foreign legislation

    Citation Source:  Citation Journal.

    C-699-74
    WATER REGULATIONS—CRITERIA FOR  STATE, LOCAL AND REGIONAL  OIL
    REMOVAL CONTINGENCY PLANS

    Anon.  1973.
    Pollution Control Guide, Volume  2, Paragraph 8660-8686.
    p. 9201-9203.

    Guidelines are provided to assist state, local  and regional
    agencies to develop oil removal  contingency plans which would
    quickly and effectively minimize damage resulting from oil
    discharges.

    Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.   1975.
                      8(2).  Entry # W75-00941.

    C-700-74
    CODES OF PRACTICE FOR DEALING WITH OIL SPILLS AT SEA AND ON
    SHORE:  A EUROPEAN VIEW

    Beynon, L. R.  1973.
    Proceedings of Joint Conference  on Prevention and Control  of Oil
    Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 616-626.

    The paper outlines the guidance  codes prepared by various  western
    European countries for dealing with oil spills of different
    oil types at sea and on shore locations.  The codes are intended
    to assist industrial, local, or national agencies which may have
    to undertake oil cleanup operations.

    Cleanup and recover

    Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                      4(12).  Entry  #4Q13021G.

                                 88

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C-701-74
OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN THE NORTH SEA

Daniels, J. T.  1973.
Journal of Petroleum Technology 25:1153-1154.

The joint efforts and plans of oil companies and offshore
operating committees of North Sea countries for the prevention
of oil pollution in North Sea waters are described.  Present
plans involve the use of oil-dispersing chemicals for oil
spill cleanup.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts.  1975.   6(1).
                  Entry #75-00508.
C-702-74
SPILL RISK ANALYSIS PROGRAM.  PHASE II. METHODOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT
AND DEMONSTRATION

Dunn, W. A., and P. M. Tullier.  1974.
Report No. ORI-TR-840 USCG-D-15-75.

Methods to assess the effectiveness of merchant marine safety
regulations are being developed primarily to assist Coast Guard
regulatory decision-makers in selecting alternative means of
reducing transport casualties and spills of oils and other
pollutants.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  74(23).  Entry #AD-785 026/6GA.
C-703-74
BASIC TRENDS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY DRAINAGE, AND
WASTE WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEMS OF PETROLEUM REFINERIES
[English Translation]

Eigenson, A. S., and E. G. loakimis.  1974.
Khimiya Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel 9:7-10.

"Permissible concentrations of pollutants for the Soviet All-
Union State Standard GOST project for waste waters from
petroleum refineries and petrochemical  plants are given."

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts,  1974.  81(24).
                  Entry #138236p.
                             89

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C-704-74
PROVINCES OF PROMISE

Emery, K. 0.  1974.
Oceanus 17 (summer):!5-19.

The paper summarizes the major oceanic oil  fields and lists the
factors which will influence the continuance of fossil  oil  and
gas as major sources of fuel.  Included among the determining
factors are:  the rate at which exploration of new ocean areas
can be completed, and continued improvement in preventing oil
spills.
Citation Source:
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.
4(12).  Entry #4Q12270M.
    1974.
C-705-74
WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE RUHR VALLEY

Imhoff, K. R.  1974.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 46(7):1663-1673.

The roles of water associations which manage water quantity
and quality in the Ruhr Valley, Germany, in such areas as waste
water treatment, oil pollution measures, water reuse and research,
are discussed.

Citation Source:  Biological Abstracts.  1975.  59(1).
                  Entry #5142.
C-706-74
OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE POLLUTION CONTROL ON THE OPEN SEA

Pristoop, S. M.  1973.
In:  Water for the Human Environment, Volume I, Congress Papers;
Proceedings of the First World Congress on Water Resources,
Chicago, Illinois, September 24-28, 1973.  p. 400-425.

The paper lists recommendations made regarding necessary research
and development activities leading to an effective oil spill
pollution control and abatement system.  Preliminary steps in the
system's development include a thorough problem definition,
description of the environment, determination of the fate of the
pollutants in the environment, and risk analyses associated with
a pollution event.
Research

Citation Source:
Selected Water Resources Abstracts.
8(3).  Entry # W75-01468.
1975.
                                90

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E.   EFFECTS OF OIL PROSPECTING AND PRODUCTION

    1.   BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS


        C-707-74
        REPORT TO THE CONGRESS ON  OCEAN  DUMPING  AND  OTHER MAN-INDUCED
        CHANGES TO OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS,  OCTOBER  1972 THROUGH DECEMBER
        1973.   PUBLIC LAW 92-532,  TITLE  II

        Anon.   1974.
        Annual Report No. 1.   NOAA-74060509.   108 p.

        Included in the report on  the problem of ocean  dumping  is
        information describing the effects  of the development of
        offshore terminals and oil  and gas  development  on the marine
        environment.

        General effects of oil prospecting  and production

        Citation Source:  Government  Reports  Announcements.  1974.
                          74(20).   Entry #  COM-74-50632/OGA.
        C-708-74
        BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF  REFINERY  EFFLUENTS

        Baker,  J.  M.   1973.
        Proceedings of Joint Conference on  Prevention  and  Control  of Oil
        Spills, 13-15 March, 1973,  Washington,  D.C., 4172.   p.  715-723.

        Speed of dispersion and dilution of effluent in  an ecosystem
        are major factors  determining biological  effects of refinery
        effluents.  Behavioral  responses or toxic effects  may  change
        species distributions  and  abundances.   Sublethal effects  are
        not yet known.

        Biological effects of  oil  pollution

        Citation Source:   Aquatic  Sciences  & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                          4(12).   Entry #4Q13097M.
        C-709-74
        IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL  AND  GAS RECOVERY  TECHNIQUES  WITH  PARTICULAR
        REFERENCE  TO THE NORTH SEA  AND  THEIR  IMPACT  ON THE  ENVIRONMENT

        Baldwin, A.  H., and  E. B. Cowell.   1974.
        Presented  at 9th World Energy Conference,  Detroit,  September
        22-27,  1974.  p. 3.1-4.   24 p.
                                  91

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A review is given of the project to install  oil  drilling/
production platforms and other facilities in a North Sea
oilfield.  The environmental  safety and effects  of such oil
development activities are examined.

General effects of oil prospecting and production

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.   4(11).
                  Entry #12-74-09648.
C-710-74
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS:  THE EXAMPLE OF THE PROPOSED
TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE

Brew, D. A.  1974.
Circular 695.  16 p.

The report describes the aspects considered in preparing the
environmental impact analysis for the proposed trans-Alaska
pipeline.  The principal unavoidable effects included disturbance
of terrain, fish, wildlife habitat and human environs, and the
results of the discharge of tanker-ballast treatment effluent
into Port Valdez,

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(23).  Entry # W74-12011.
C-711-74
WATER POLLUTION ASPECTS FROM WASTE DRILLING MUD DISPOSAL IN
CANADA'S ARCTIC

Bryant, W. J., J. R. Goldburn, and J. R. Hurdley.  1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.  (2):95-106.  Paper 2044.

The paper reports that water base muds  and other waste fluids
from oil drilling have caused acute toxicity to fish, high
dissolved oxygen demand, high concentrations of organic carbon,
total nitrogen, phosphorus, solids, chemical oxygen demand and
chromium in Canada's waters.  The need for development of waste
treatment technology is emphasized.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11).
                  Entry #071956.
                              92

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C-712-74
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OIL POLLUTION IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT:
A REVIEW (Enlarged Edition)

Butler, M. J. A., F. Berkes, and H. Powles.  1974.
Marine Sciences Centre Manuscript Report, McGill University, 22A. 133 p.

The object of the study was to analyze the environmental
implications of several hypothetical incidents that would be
associated with oil exploration, development, and marine
transportation activities and facilities.  The report was
prepared as a background document for the oil pollution study
conducted by McGill University, and supported by the Canadian
Department of the Environment.

General effects of oil  prospecting and production

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(11).  Entry #4Q11899M.

C-713-74
A SURVEY OF THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AN ONSHORE
DEEPWATER PORT AT GALVESTON, TEXAS.  PART II. ENVIRONMENTAL

Hann, R. W., Jr., and W. P. James.  1974.
Texas A & M University Sea Grant Program TAMU-SG-74-214.  52 p.

The report outlines the environmental  factors associated with
the proposed deep channel  from Pelican Island to a depth of
100 feet, 57 miles offshore in the Gulf of Mexico.  The section
presents ways in which the environmental  components of such
development, both beneficial and degradatory, should be evaluated.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(10).  Entry #4Q10797M.


C-714-74
EFFECTS OF AN OFFSHORE CRUDE OIL UNLOADING TERMINAL ON THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT

James, W. P., R. W. Hann, Jr., and F.  Slowey.  1975.
Marine Technology Society Journal 9(1):27-31.

The article discusses the studies undertaken at Texas A & M
University on the environmental impact of a deepwater crude oil
unloading terminal off the Texas coast.  Results of the research
relating to field sampling, impacts of terminal construction
and operation, and the impact of a major oil spill on the
environment are presented.

General effects of oil prospecting and production

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.

                                  93

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C-715-74
POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYPOTHETICAL OIL DISCHARGES
IN THE ATLANTIC COAST AND GULF OF ALASKA

Moore, S. F., G. R. Chirlin, C. J. Puccia, and B. P.  Schrader.
1974.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sea Grant Program Report
MITSG 74-19.  204 p.

A study was initiated to analyze the primary biological effects
of oil production and development on the Atlantic and Alaskan
outer continental shelves.  The effects of oil discharges from
offshore platforms and large volume oil spills are assessed.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(10).  Entry #4Q10762M.
C-716-74
NORTH SEA OIL:  SCOTLAND'S SALVATION OR SLIDE TO A SEWER?

Stephenson, K.  1974.
Civil Engineering 810:48-51.

The environmental consequences that may arise as a result of
Scotland's proposed plans for oil exploration and development
are discussed.

General effects of prospecting and production

Citation Source:  Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
                  1974.  6(1).  Entry #381.
C-717-74
GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF OIL SPILL POTENTIAL ASSOCIATED WITH
ALASKAN OIL PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Swift, W. H., R. E. Brown, L. V. Kimmel, M. M. Orgill, and
P. L. Petersen.  1974.
Contract DOT-CG-23223-A, AD-784099; USCG-D-79-74.  NTIS Report
CSCL 13/2.  273 p.

The report reviews the future development of petroleum production
and transportation in Alaska, and estimates the degree of
associated oil pollution in the Alaskan environment.

General effects of oil prospecting and production

Citation Source:  Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
                  1975.  13(2).  Entry #N75-11543.
                                94

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2.   PHYSICAL EFFECTS


    C-718-74
    PRELIMINARY, PHYSICAL IMPACTS OF OFFSHORE PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENTS

    M.I.T.   1974.
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sea Grant Publication
    MITSG 74-20.  443 p.

    Four studies are presented in the report dealing with the
    initial  physical effects of offshore oil development on the
    Atlantic and Gulf of  Alaska continental  shelves.  The topics
    include:  number of platforms and types  of oil  transport that
    would be needed, the  probability of oil  spills  and spill volume
    determination, expected oil spill trajectories  for the areas,
    diffusion and evaporation processes during weathering of oil
    slicks.

    Physical changes of oil in the environment

    Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries  Abstracts.  1974.
                      4(10).  Entry #4Q10719.
                                 95

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3.   ECONOMIC EFFECTS


    C-719-74
    OIL'S ENVIRONMENT OUTLAY NEAR $6 BILLION

    Anon.  1974.
    Oil & Gas Journal 72(46):34.

    The American  Petroleum Institute reported at its annual  meeting
    that the petroleum industry has spent more than $5.5 billion
    for environmental protection  over the last 8 years.   Projects
    to prevent water pollution received $2.265 billion,  or more
    than 41% of all  funds.

    Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
    C-720-74
    DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLEUM TRANSPORT BY SEA

    Lescohier, R. P.  1974.
    Presented at 9th World Energy Conference, Detroit, September
    22-27, 1974.  p. 5.1-14.   25 p.

    Discussed are the changes which  have arisen as a result of the
    great increase in sea transportation of petroleum, including
    reduction in operating costs, improved safety and reduction of
    pollution of the seas.

    Biological effects of oil prospecting and production

    Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.  4(11).
                      Entry #12-74-09651.
    C-721-74
    THE IMPACT OF OFFSHORE OIL PRODUCTION ON SANTA BARBARA COUNTY,
    CALIFORNIA

    Wilcox, S. M., and W. J. Mead.  1974.
    Government Reports Announcements 74(7):119.  Contract NOAA
    2-35208 (Ref. Order No. COM-74-10264/1GA).

    The impact of oil production on the economy of Santa Barbara
    County is evaluated.  Information on environmental  changes due
    to oil production and spills is included.

    General effects of oil prospecting and production

    Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.  1975.  12(1).
                      Entry #75-01000.
                                96

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4.  GENERAL EFFECTS


    C-722-74
    (Science Concentrate)

    Anon.   1975.
    Chemical & Engineering News 53(5):16.

    The effect of oil  shale development on water quality and quantity
    in Colorado's Piceance Basin is  reviewed.

    Citation Source:   Citation Journal.
    C-723-74
    PROPOSED EXPANSION OF FOREIGN-TRADE SUBZONE 9A (HIRI  OIL REFINERY),
    HONOLULU, HAWAII

    Anon.   1974.
    Final  Environmental Impact Statement OEA-74-2.  297 p.

    The report assesses the environmental  impact of the proposed
    expansion of  the  Hawaii Independent Refinery to a daily capacity
    of 125,000 barrels/day.

    Citation Source:   Government Reports Announcements.  1974.   74(17).
                      Entry # COM-74-11071/9GA.
    C-7424-74
    THE OIL INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

    Chandler, G.   1974.
    Petroleum Review 23(326):85-92.

    Part II of a  paper presented at  the Conference on Fuel  and  the
    Environment deals with marine transportation and refining  in
    respect to environmental protection.  Topics of accidental
    spillage and  cleanup cost (oil transportation) and effluent
    emmissions control (refining) are discussed.

    Cleanup and recovery

    Citation Source:  Environmental  Health and Pollution Control.
                      1974.   6(1).   Entry #494.
                                  97

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C-725-74
ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Fri, R. W.  1973.
American Lung Association Bulletin 59(10):2-6.

The former acting administrator of the American Lung Association
outlines the difficult problems of developing energy resources
while concurrently protecting the environment.

Biological effects of oil prospecting and production

Citation Source:  Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental
                  Pollutants,  1974.  3(12).  Entry #11268.
C-726-74
LAW OF THE SEA:  THE EMERGING REGIME OF THE OCEANS

Gamble, J. K., Jr., and G. Pontecorvo.  1974.
NTIS Report COM-74-10846/5WP.  390 p.

Superport development, offshore petroleum, merchant ships and
marine pollution are included among the topics of maritime law
discussed in the report.

International legislation

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.  1974.  4(12).
                  Entry #12-74-10241.
C-727-74
SEA PROTECTION AGAINST CONTAMINATION WITH OIL-CONTAINING WASTE
WATER

Gasanov, M. V., R. G. Mamedov, and G. B. Babaev.  1973.
In:  Water for the Human Environment, Volume I, Congress Papers;
Proceedings of the First World Congress on Water Resources,
Chicago, Illinois, September 24-28, 1973.  p. 383-390.

Waters from oil fields were found to contaminate the Caspian Sea
during oil prospecting, drilling,  and transporting activities.
Mechanical and biochemical treatments of oil sewage from oil
production and domestic wastes are discussed.

Waste water treatment

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.
                  8(3).  Entry # W75-01466.
                              98

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C-728-74
THE OILMEN COMETH

Graham, F., Jr.  1975.
Audubon 76(2):96-97.

The article discusses the interest of the Pittston Company in
constructing a $350 million deepwater terminal and refinery
in Eastport, Maine; and the environmental concern of the people
of Maine regarding such development.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-729-74
OCS OIL:
MAMMOTH LEASE PLAN ENCOUNTERS HEAVY OPPOSITION
Holden, C.  1974.
Science 186(4164):610-615.

The political-environmental battle arising from the Department
of Interior's  plans to embark on a vast new leasing program in
the outer continental  shelf is discussed,   The environmental,
economic and social issues involved in accelerated OCS leasing
are reviewed.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-730-74
OFFSHORE OIL
PROBLEMS
   IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN WATERS:  POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL
Marshall, A. G.  1974.
Environmental Conservation 1(1):69-70.

The existing energy crisis has led to increased development of
offshore oil resources in Southeast Asia.   The article states that
an environmentalist lobby should be formed to prevent legislatures
from overlooking the well-being of the environment in the areas
of development.  A six-point marine protection policy is outlined.

Biological effects of oil prospecting and  production

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.   1974.  4(12).
                  Entry #12-74-10201.
                               99

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C-731-74
POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND RESEARCH NEEDS FOR AN  OIL SHALE  INDUSTRY

Pfeffer, F.  M.   1974.
Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Series,  Report
EPA-660/2-74-067.  GOP Sup.  Doc. EP1.23:660/2-74-067.   36 p.

Descriptions of oil shale resources and surface drainage within
the Green River Formation are included in the review of pollution
problems and research  needs  of the oil shale  industry.   The
stabilization of spent shale residues derived from oil  shale
retorting processes are discussed, along with other  areas of
environmental concern.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.   1975.
                  8(1).  Entry # W75-00012.
C-732-74
THE DISPOSAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF CARBONACEOUS SOLID
WASTES FROM COMMERCIAL OIL SHALE OPERATIONS

Schmidt-Collerus, J. J.  1974.
Government Reports Announcements 74(13):77.

Samples of soil, water, vegetation and air from various areas of
potential oil shale operations and samples of carbonaceous spent
shale from retorting in pilot plants were analyzed for polycyclic
organic matter content.  The samples were analyzed in an effort
to investigate the potential impact from trace organic matter
from carbonaceous spent shale on the environment.

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts.  1975.  6(1).
                  Entry #75-00920.
C-733-74
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

Stone, R. T.  1974.
American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry,
Preprint 19(3):510.  (Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey,
September 8-13, 1974)

The paper outlines the programs and activities involved in oil
shale development by the United States,and the environmental
concerns which have been investigated.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1975.  13(1)
                  Entry #004252.
                               100

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F.   FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT

    1.   BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION

        C-734-74
        INVESTIGATION OF  THE BEHAVIOR AND  EFFECTS  OF OIL  UTILIZING A
        MANNED UNDERWATER HABITAT

        Allen, A.  A., R.  S.  Schlueter,  and L.  E. Fausak,   1974.
        Offshore Technology  Conference,  6th Annual,  Preprint of  Paper,
        Houston, Texas, May  6-8, 1974.   (l):425-434.   Paper 1979.

        In an effort to understand  subsurface  effects  of  oil,  the
        behavior and effects of several  oils in  the  subsurface marine
        environment were  studied mainly  by divers  working  from an
        underwater habitat located  off  Freeport, Grand Bahama  Island.
        Sinking agent effectiveness and  oil  degradation,  solubility
        and migration through the bottom sediments were investigated.

        Chemical changes
        Physical changes

        Citation Source:   The Engineering  Index Monthly.   1974.  12(11)
                          Entry #074301.
        C-735-74
        FATE  AND  EFFECTS  OF  OIL  POLLUTANTS  IN  EXTREMELY COLD  ENVIRONMENTS

        Atlas,  R.  M.   1973.
        Final Report  to Office of  Naval  Research, October, 1973.  ONR
        Contract  NAS7-100.   34 p.

        Results of studies examining  the interactions of microorganisms
        and Prudhoe crude oil at study  sites in Prudhoe Bay,  Valdez,
        Umiat,  and Cape Simpson, Alaska  are described.  In an experiment
        with  floating miniature  oil slicks  contained in Prudhoe Bay for
        a  period  of 5 weeks,  natural  losses of oil, including biodegrada-
        tion, were 60%; and  stimulated  losses, in which bacterial
        populations were  added,  amounted to 80% of the added  oil by weight.

        Citation  Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                         7(22).   Entry  # W74-11725.
        C-736-74
        MICROORGANISMS  CAPABLE OF DEGRADING REFRACTORY HYDROCARBONS  IN
        OHIO  WATERS

        Cooney, J. 0.   1974.
        Ohio  Water Resources Center, Columbus, Completion Report,
        No. 443X.  OWRT A-029-Ohio  (1).   14-31-0001-4035.  NTIS Report
        PB-237  293.   39 p.
                                   101

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Studies were undertaken in which samples were collected from
four freshwater ecosystems in Ohio to determine the hydrocarbon
content, total  bacterial  and fungal  populations, and the numbers
of hydrocarbon utilizing  bacteria, yeasts and fungi present.
Data from the measurements suggested that a high content of
aromatic and/or olefinic  hydrocarbons may be toxic to the microbial
flora, and that there is  a direct relationship between the
amount of hydrocarbons and the number of hydrocarbon-using
microorganisms in the lake sediments.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.
                  8(2).  Entry # W75-00977.
C-737-74
THE BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS [English Summary]

Fasoli, U., and G. Genon.  1974.
La Chimica e L'Industria 56(3):191-195.

"Two distinct mathematical models based on Monod's growth
equation, are given for the interpretation of experimental
results relating to hydrocarbon biodegradation."  A comparison
is made between the two models, and their possible applications
are discussed.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                  7(24).  Entry # W74-13300.
C-738-74
BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE SEA

Floodgate, G. D.  1972.
In:  Water Pollution Microbiology.  R. Mitchell (Editor), Wiley,
New York, New York.  p. 153-171.

The origin of oils and hydrocarbons in the sea and their
bacterial breakdown are reviewed.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(4).
                  Entry #21497a.
C-739-74
DISPOSAL OF OIL WASTES BY MICROBIAL ASSIMILATION

Francke, H. C., and F. E. Clark.  1974.
Report Y-1934.  45 p.

A biological assimilatory process has been developed for the
successful disposal of industrial plant oil waste products.
                              102

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Waste petroleum products are mixed into the soil where natural
microbial assimilation degrades the oily wastes.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).
                  Entry #175760x.
C-740-74
THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Gibson, D. T.  1974.
Annual Report No. 16-1938-1.  Contract N00014-67-A-0126-0020.
70 p.

The contract provides for the investigation of mechanisms used
by soil bacteria in oxidizing ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene.
Significant accomplishments are described in the progress report.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  74(18).  Entry #AD 781 709/1GA.
C-741-74
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ALKANES

Haines, J. R., and M. Alexander.  1974.
Applied Microbiology 28(6):1084-1085.

A study was conducted to determine whether high molecular weight
hydrocarbons are degraded when provided to microorganisms.
Measurements of biological oxygen demand show that, in vitro,
the microflora are able to destroy normal alkanes of higher
molecular weight than heretofore believed.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-742-74
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN CONTINENTAL SHELF SEDIMENTS

Hunt, P. G., F. R. Koutz, R. P. Murrmann, and T. G. Martin. 1973.
U.S. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover,
New Hampshire.  Special Report No. 196.  20 p.

In studying the degradation rate of petroleum wastes in continental
shelf surface sediments under aerobic conditions, it has been
estimated that complete degradation would require several hundred
years.  The slow rate of decomposition in continental shelf
sediments is due to the low 02 conditions created by the high 03
demand of the wastes.

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts.  1975.  6(1).
                  Entry #75-00305.

                                103

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C-743-74
EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS ON THE MICROBIAL UTILIZATION OF OIL APPLIED
TO SOIL

Jobson, A., M. McLaughlin, F.  D.  Cook, and D.  W.  S.  Westlake.
1974.
Applied Microbiology 27(1):166-171.

In a study treating replicate field  plots with oil,  oil  and
bacteria, oil and fertilizer,  and oil, bacteria and  fertilizer,
it was found that after a  period of  308 days,  the application
of fertilizer resulted in  stimulated bacterial numbers and
rates of n-alkane component utilization.  Application of oil-
utilizing bacteria only slightly accelerated the ^ate of
utilization of n-alkane components of chain lengths  ^2Q~^2S'

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts.  1975.   6(1).
                  Entry #75-00948.
C-744-74
POLLUTION AND SELF-PURIFICATION OF MARINE SOILS [English Summary]

Kiryukhina, L. N., M. I. Kucherenko, and 0. 6. Mironov.  1974.
Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal 10(2):55-59.

In a frequently oil-polluted bay, bottom sediments were found
to contain 1 x 10^ oil-consuming bacteria/g.  Concentrations
of such bacteria were 100-fold lower outside the bay.  "Repeated
pollution of the surface created redn zones in the sediments
and led to predominance of bituminization over humification."

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(2).
                  Entry #7502s.
C-745-74
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF ALKANES BYMICROORGANISMS

Mahadevan, A.  1974.
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 33(l):39-43.

A review and discussion of the subject of anaerobic degradation
of alkanes are given.  Alkane oxidation and microbial activity
in petroleum formations are emphasized.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(25).
                  Entry #165920k.
                              104

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C-746-74
PROPERTIES OF SABLE ISLAND CRUDE OIL IN RELATION TO ITS BEHAVIOR
IN THE EVENT OF A SPILL AT SEA

McLean, A. Y., and D. A. Odedra.  1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th Annual, Preprint of Paper,
Houston, Texas, May 6-8, 1974.  (1):449-460.  Paper 1981.

Research was conducted to characterize crude oil found on Sable
Island, Nova Scotia, in an effort to predict the behavior of
this oil if it were spilled at sea.  The effects of various
weathering processes on the oil (biodegradation, evaporation,
emulsification) were studied.

Physical changes of oil in the environment

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11).
                  Entry #074492.

C-747-74
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS ON BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF
BUNKER C OIL, CRUDE OILS, AND HYDROCARBONS

Mulkins-Phillips, G. J., and J. E. Stewart.  1974.
Applied Microbiology 28(6):915-922.

A study was initiated to determine the action of microbial
cultures on the degradation of Bunker C oil, and to assess
the effect of nutrient levels on the rate of microbial  growth
on hydrocarbon substrates.   The results suggest that the rate
of biodegradation of oil in marine temperate-to-polar zones
is limited to low temperatures and phosphorus concentrations,
but naturally occurring nitrogen concentrations are probably
not rate-limiting  factors.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
C-748-74
EFFECT OF FOUR DISPERSANTS ON BIODEGRADATION AND GROWTH OF
BACTERIA ON CRUDE OIL

Mulkins-Phillips, G. J., and J. E. Stewart.  1974.
Applied Microbiology 28(4):547-552.

The report focuses on studies which examined four chemical
dispersants in combination with Arabian crude oil to determine
their effects on the growth of bacteria from local  waters,
bacterial population composition, and crude oil  biodegradation.
None of the dispersants used alone were toxic even  at high
concentrations.

Citation Source:  Citation Journal.

                               105

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C-749-74
HYDROCARBON METABOLISM BY BREVIBACTERIUM ERYTHROGENES:  NORMAL
AND BRANCHED ALKANES

Pirnik, M. P., R. M. Atlas, and R. Bartha.  1974.
Journal of Bacteriology 119(3):868-878.

The paper describes the 2 distinct chemical pathways by which
branched- and straight-chain alkanes are metabolized by
B_. erythrocienes.

Citation Source:   Biological Abstracts.  1974.  58(12).
                  Entry #68574.

C-750-74
DEEP-SEA BACTERIA:  GROWTH AND UTILIZATION OF HYDROCARBONS AT
AMBIENT AND IN SITU PRESSURE

Schwarz, J. R., J. D. Walker, and R. R. Colwell.  1974.
Applied Microbiology 28(6):982-986.

The study was undertaken to investigate microbial degradation
of hydrocarbons under simulated deep-sea pressures.  Micro-
organisms collected from Atlantic Ocean sediment samples at a
depth of 4,490 m utilized hydrocarbons at both ambient and in
situ pressures; however, at ambient temperature, the rate of
hydrocarbon utilization under in situ pressure (500 atm) was
significantly less than utilization at ambient pressure
(1 atm).

Citation Source:   Citation Journal.

C-751-74
DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY MARINE BACTERIA

Soli, G.  1973.
Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium of Medical
Oceanography, Messina, October 4-7, 1971.  S.  Genovese (editor),
Messina, Italy,  p. 251-258.

Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, isolated from coastal Southern
California, were found to digest up to 75% of crude oil in a
short time period when furnished with necessary metabolites
(P, oils, N).  The author emphasizes the need for further studies
on environmental  conditions which determine effective hydrocarbon
oxidation,since the role of these bacteria in the self purifica-
tion process of oil contaminated waters may be significant.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(9).  Entry MQ9557M.

                               106

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C-752-74
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF PETROLEUM UTILIZATION IN CHESAPEAKE BAY

Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p. 685-690.

Studies were conducted on petroleum-degrading microorganisms
collected at 2 stations in Chesapeake Bay; one station demon-
strated  4-5 times the concentration in water of petroleum
compared to the second station.  The numbers of oil-degrading
microorganisms were related to the concentration of oil in each
water sample analyzed.  The hydrocarbon-utilizing fungus,
Cladosporium resinae,and actinomycetes comprised a large number
of the hydrocarbon-degrading isolates.

Citation Source:   Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q12305M.

C-753-74
MICROBIAL PETROLEUM DEGRADATION:  USE OF MIXED HYDROCARBON
SUBSTRATES

Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell.  1974.
Applied Microbiology 27(6):1053-1060.

A comparison is made of the methods for estimating the microbial
degradation of petroleum.  Gas-liquid chromatography with a mixed
hydrocarbon substrate has been demonstrated to be a useful method
for evaluating the microbial potential of hydrocarbon degradation.

Analysis

Citation Source:   Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.  1974.
                  4(10).  Entry #4Q10779M.

C-754-74
ACTIVITY OF OIL OXIDIZING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE WATER OF
LAGOON OF KURSKI  ZALIV AND THE BALTIC SEA COAST [English Summary]

Yabkyavichyus, K. K., L. K. Yankyavichyus, and B. A. Malamene.
1973.
Lietuvos Tsr Moksiu Akademijos Darbai Serija C Biol Mokslai 4:21-27,

Studies of oil-oxidizing bacteria from these bodies of water
revealed that bacteria isolated from the sea grew better on
media with diesel oil, autol and mazut than those isolated from
the lagoon.  Mixtures of oil-consuming bacteria appeared to
assimilate diesel oil and autol on a nonsterile medium better
than on a sterile medium.

Citation Source:   Biological Abstracts.  1975.  59(1).
                  Entry #4540.

                                107

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2.  CHEMICAL CHANGES


    C-755-74
    THE FATE OF A BUNKER FUEL IN BEACH SAND

    Guard, H. E., and A. B.  Cobet.   1973.
    Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
    Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.   p.  827-834.

    Research conducted on oil dispersed on three San Francisco
    beaches showed that beaches disperse the oil, enhancing the
    effect of dissolution on the fuel  composition.  Lower molecular
    weight fractions are removed.

    Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                      4(12).  Entry #4Q13063M.
    C-756-74
    DISSOLUTION OF PETROLEUM-DERIVED PRODUCTS IN WATER

    Lysyj, I., and E. C. Russell.   1974.
    Water Research 8(11):863-868.

    Several lubricating oils and fuels were studied in experiments
    to determine the factors involved in  the transfer of organic
    materials from an oil film into an aqueous solution.  It was
    discovered that substantial quantities of organic matter can
    enter into solution as a result of contact between the oil  film
    and the water.  The rate of oil film  dissolution is probably
    related to chemical changes in the oil film composition.

    Analysis

    Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
    C-757-74
    SUN, OUR ALLY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST POLLUTION

    Philpel, N.  1974.
    Chimia 28(5):261-262.

    The paper discusses the role of sunlight in accelerating the
    dispersion and decomposition of oil spills on seawater.  UV
    radiation reacts with light-sensitive compounds on crude oil
    and oxidizes them to soluble or volatile products.

    Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).
                      Entry #140268r.
                                 108

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C-758-74
DEGRADATION OF BUNKER C OIL UNDER DIFFERENT COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS
OF CHEDABUCTO BAY, NOVA SCOTIA

Rashid, M. A.  1974.
Estuarine & Coastal Marine Science 2(2):137-144.

The chemical and physical changes occurring in Bunker C oil
remaining on the shores of Chedabucto Bay for a period of
3-1/2 years  have been examined and described.  Degradation of
oil was found to be rapid in the high energy coastal environments,
and relatively slow in protected areas.  Residual oils present
on the oil polluted beaches were predicted to persist for several
years.

Physical changes of oil in the environment

Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.   1975.  5(1).
                  Entry #12-75-00646.
                               109

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3.  PHYSICAL CHANGES


    C-759-74
    PHOTO-OXIDATION AS A FACTOR IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL  DISPERSAL
    OF CRUDE OIL

    Burwood, R., and G.  C.  Speers.  1974.
    Estuarine & Coastal  Marine Science 2(2):117-135.

    A review is given on the fate and dispersion processes of crude
    oil in the marine environment.  Results  of studies examining
    the equilibration of Middle East crude oil with seawater are
    discussed.

    Citation Source:  Environment Abstracts.   1975.  5(1).
                      Entry #12-75-00645.
    C-760-74
    FACTORS GOVERNING THE FATE OF OIL AT SEA;  VARIATIONS IN THE
    AMOUNTS AND TYPES OF DISSOLVED OR DISPERSED MATERIALS DURING
    THE WEATHERING PROCESS

    Frankenfeld, J.  W.  1973.
    Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
    Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.   p. 485-495.

    Investigations have been conducted on some of the factors
    influencing the amounts and types of compounds found in water
    extracts from several crude and refined oils.  Effects of
    oxidation and characteristics of the original  oil  appear  to
    be the most important factors.

    Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                      4(12).  Entry #4Q13058M.
    C-761-74
    WEATHERING OF OIL AT SEA

    Frankenfeld, J. W.  1973.
    Final Report, USCG-D-7-75, Contract DOT-CG-23035-A.   194 p.

    The weathering of six carefully selected oils was monitored
    under controlled laboratory conditions in a study designed to
    trace the fate of petroleum products in the marine environment.
    The physical and chemical changes in the oils were measured with
    time of weathering.

    Chemical changes of oil in the environment

    Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.   1974.
                      74(26).  Entry #AD-787 789/7GA.

                                 110

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C-762-74
WIND DRIFT SURFACE CURRENTS AND SPREAD OF CONTAMINANTS IN SHELF
WATERS

Gordon, A. L., and R. D. Gerard.  1973.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-75, Contract DOT-CG-23339-A.  65 p.

Oil spilt on the sea responds to the basic velocity field of
the upper few meters of water.  In an effort to better under-
stand the fate and behavior of oil pollution, experiments were
conducted from July, 1972 to February, 1973, in which the
velocity field in the upper few meters of the water column in
the area of Ambrose Tower was studied.  Methods used in the
experiments are given.

Citation Source:  Government Reports Announcements.  1974.
                  7(25).  Entry #AD-786 610/6GA.
C-763-74
EVAPORATION OF PETROLEUM OIL FILMS

Hirano, F., and T. Sakai.  1974.
Junkatsu 19(8):577-585.

The effects of various chemical constituents and various dis-
tributions of molecular weights on the evaporation and maximum
diameter of spreading films of petroleum oils were investigated.
The lifetime of the film increases with increasing molecular
weight and with a larger range of molecular weights.

Citation Source:  Chemical  Abstracts.   1975.  82(8).
                  Entry #46049u.
C-764-74
BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CLEANUP TECHNIQUES OF NORTH SLOPE
CRUDE OIL IN AN ARCTIC WINTER ENVIRONMENT

McMinn, T. J., and P. Golden.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of Oil
Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C., 4172.  p.  263-276.

The authors discuss the physical  fate and behavior of crude oil
when spilled on winter arctic ice and snow, based on a  series
of experiments performed by the Coast Guard in the Alaskan Arctic
during January-February, 1972.

Citation Source:  Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts.   1974.
                  4(12).  Entry #4Q13054G.
                               Ill

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C-765-74
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN SEDIMENTS

Shelton, T. B.,  and J. V. Hunter.  1974.
Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 46(9):2172-2182.

An investigation was conducted in which bottom sediments con-
taining oil were placed on a continuous flow experimental system
and the decomposition process was observed for 33 weeks.
Results indicated a steady release of organic carbon from the
sediments and loss of oil with time.

Citation Source:  The Engineering Index Monthly.  1974.  12(11).
                  Entry #074489.
                               112

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4.   GENERAL FATE OF OIL


    C-766-74
    BACKGROUND PAPERS FOR A WORKSHOP ON INPUTS,  FATES,  AND EFFECTS
    OF PETROLEUM IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

    Anon.   1973.
    2 Volumes, Washington, D.C.:   National  Academy  of Sciences.   836  p.

    The collection of papers contains various  topics concerning
    petroleum in the marine environment,  including  its  input  into
    the seas, the fate of petroleum, chemical  and biological
    analytical techniques, and the effects  of  petroleum on coast-
    lines,  biota, marine resources and human health.

    Biological effects of oil  pollution
    Analysis

    Citation Source:   Pollution Abstracts.   1975.   6(1).
                      Entry #75-00630.
    C-767-74
    AGING OF CRUDE  PETROLEUM ON  WATER  [English  Summary]

    Hellman, H.   1974.
    Erdoel  und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie  27(8):422-425.

    The aging of four different  crude  oils  was  examined  and  evaluated
    with the aid of flow curves.   Results  indicated  that the
    weathering process  depends on  the  type  of oil  and  is reproducible.

    Citation Source:   The Engineering  Index Monthly.   1974.   12(11).
                      Entry #074501.
    C-768-74
    POSSIBLE FATE OF OIL  IN  THE  ARCTIC  BASIN

    Ramseier,  R.  0.   1973.
    In:   Water for the Human Environment,  Volume  I,  Congress  Papers;
    Proceedings of the First World  Congress on  Water Resources,
    Chicago, Illinois, September 24-28,  1973.   p.  58-70.

    The  potential  fate of oil  after an  oil spill  in  the Arctic basin
    is discussed,  including  its  entrapment under  the ice  cover and
    the  path of movement  of  oil  with the ice.

    Citation Source:   Selected Water Resources  Abstracts.   1975.
                      8(3).   Entry  # W75-01433.
                                113

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G.   OIL POLLUTION LEGISLATION

    1.  STATE LEGISLATION


        C-769-74
        OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING:   A COMPARISON OF STATE LAWS

        Geil, J. M.   1973.
        Sea Grant Publication,  UNC-SG-73-01.  p.  138-146.

        A comparison is made of the ways in  which several  states
        concerned with petroleum exploration have dealt with offshore
        oil drilling legislation.  The major problems arising from
        oil exploration and the different systems of ownership of
        underwater oil are reviewed.

        Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.
                          8(2).  Entry # W75-00803.
                                 114

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2.  NATIONAL LEGISLATION

    C-770-74
    U.S.  SUPERPORT PLANS ADVANCING

    Anderson, E.  V.   1975.
    Chemical and  Engineering News  53(4):10-11.

    Discussed are the governmental plans  and the surrounding
    controversies involved  with the implementation of the new
    Deepwater Port Act of 1974.  Included in the legislation is
    the clause which gives  states  the right to  veto a superport
    project if they can establish  that the state would be adversely
    affected by such development.

    Citation Source:  Citation Journal.

    C-771-74
    DEEPWATER PORTS

    Anon.   1973.
    Hearings—Subcommittee  on Water Resources and Subcommittee on
    Energy, Committee on Public Works, U.S.  House of Representatives,
    93rd  Congress, 1st Session, October  9-11, 1973.

    The amendment to the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1975 establishes
    a Federal licensing program for the  regulation of construction
    and operation of deepwater ports which are  principally used  for
    unloading oil between deepwater vessels and the United States,
    and are over  three nautical miles from the  U.S.  coast.   Economic
    and environmental  advantages were included  among the topics
    considered in the hearings.

    Regulations,  standards  and planning

    Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources  Abstracts.   1974.
                      7(23).   Entry # W74-12262.

    C-772-74
    FIGHTING POLLUTION:   LATEST GOVERNMENT ACTION IS AIMED  AT
    REDUCING OIL  SPILLS AND DISCHARGES

    Anon.   1974.
    Marine Engineering Log  79:29-33, 116, 118.

    A review of the  recent  government efforts to prevent oil  discharges
    and spills is given. Two lists of manufacturers and distributors
    of systems to separate  oil  from water for shipboard use,  and of
    equipment and materials for containing, recovering and treating
    oil  spills are included.

    Cleanup and recovery

    Citation Source:  Citation Journal.
                                  115

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C-773-74
OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS

Anon.  1973.
Work Boat 30(7):23.

The article reviews the oil  pollution prevention regulations
issued by the U.S. Coast Guard in the Federal  Register on
December 21, 1972.  The regulations deal  with  oil  transfer
between vessels and terminals, and the operation of vessels
on the U.S. navigable waters and contiguous zone after June 30,
1974.

Regulations, standards and planning

Citation Source:   Pollution  Abstracts.  1975.   6(1).
                  Entry #75-00311.
C-774-74
WATER REGULATIONS—DISCHARGE OF OIL

Anon.  1973.
Pollution Control Guide, Volume 2, Paragraph 8690-8699.
p. 9211-9212.

Legislation applying to oil discharges in U.S.  waters is
reviewed.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.
                  8(2).  Entry # W75-00942.
C-775-74
AMERICAN WATERWAYS:  FLORIDA OIL POLLUTION LEGISLATION MAKES
IT OVER FIRST HURDLE

Swan, P. N.  1973.
Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 5(1):77-110.

The Supreme Court's decision making valid the 1970 Oil Spill
Prevention and Pollution Control Act and upholding Florida's
right to impose liability for suffered losses is described.
Other federal-state conflicts arising from this legislation
are examined.

Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.  1974.  11(6).
                  Entry #74-05928.
                              116

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3.   INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
    C-776-74

    Anon.   1974.
    House  of Representatives  Report No.  692,  Conrnittee on  Merchant
    Marine and Fisheries,  93rd Congress, 1st  Session.   43  p.

    The High Seas  Oil  Port Act amends the Merchant  Marine  Act of
    1936 and authorizes  the Secretary of Commerce to  issue permits
    for the construction and  operation of offshore  port facilities.
    The Act is designed  to minimize adverse environmental  effects
    resulting from oil  port development.

    Biological effects  of  oil  prospecting and production

    Citation Source:   Selected Water Resources Abstracts.   1974.
                      7(23).   Entry # W74-12615.
    C-777-74
    IMCO - SECRETARIAT'S  DRAFT  RESOLUTIONS  FOR  SUBMISSION  TO  THE
    INTERNATIONAL  CONFERENCE  ON MARINE  POLLUTION,  1973   ON THE
    SUBJECT OF  PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF  MARINE POLLUTION

    Anon.   1973.
    Journal  of  Maritime Law and Commerce  5(1):151-156.

    Draft  resolutions  are presented  by  IMCO,  dealing  with  imple-
    mentation of  the  1969 amendments to the International  Convention
    for the Prevention of Pollution  of  the  Sea  by  Oil,  and the
    carriage and  discharge of toxic  substances  other  than  oil.

    Citation Source:   Pollution Abstracts.   1975.   6(1).
                      Entry #75-00381.
    C-778-74
    OIL  SPILLS:  HOW SERIOUS  A  PROBLEM

    Anon.   1973.
    Journal  of the  Water  Pollution  Control  Federation  45(4):583-585.

    The  article  discusses the  opposing  views  concerning  the  serious-
    ness of  oil  spills, as presented at the Conference on  the
    Prevention and  Control of  Oil Spills.   Also  discussed  is the
    launching  of a  national  program for oil spill  control, which  will
    include  regulations setting  requirements  for spill reporting  and
    contingency  planning  and legislation to enforce  the  regulations.

    Citation Source:   Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.
                      7(23).   Entry # W74-12621.

                                  117

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C-779-74
A SHORT CRUISE ON THE GOOD SHIPS TOVALOP AND CRISTAL

Becker, G. L.  1974.
Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 5(4):609-632.

Tovalop and Cristal, two industry agreements relating to
liability for oil pollution cleanup and damage, are compared
to two international agreements.  The performance of the
industry agreements is evaluated.

Citation Source:  Oceanic Abstracts.  1975.  12(1).
                  Entry #75-00973.
                              118

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4.   FOREIGN LEGISLATION


    C-780-74
    PETROLEUM REFINERY EFFLUENT REGULATIONS AND  GUIDELINES

    Anon.   1974.
    Regulations,  Codes and Protocols,  Report EPS l-WP-74-1.   28 p.

    Controls have been issued by the Canadian government which
    ensure that all  oil refineries operating in  Canada apply the
    best possible treatment technology to their  liquid effluents.
    The purpose of the regulations is  to protect fish  and marine
    resources from the effects of toxic refinery discharges.

    Regulations,  standards and planning

    Citation Source:   Pollution Abstracts.   1975.   6(1).
                      Entry # 75-00171.
    C-781-74
    NO FAULT LIABILITY FOR OIL  POLLUTION  DAMAGE

    Bergman, S.   1973.
    Journal  of Maritime Law and Commerce  5(1):1-50.

    Oil  pollution problems, extent of marine  oil  pollution  and  the
    capacity to  deal  with  oil  spills  are  described,and  current
    and  past legislation regarding accidental  pollution is  evaluated.
    Absolute liability is  proposed as a solution  to  oil  spills  and
    support  for  its  feasibility is outlined.

    Citation Source:   Oceanic Abstracts.   1974.   11(6).
                      Entry #74-05926.

    C-782-74
    THE  OIL  INDUSTRY  AND THE ENVIRONMENT

    Chandler,  G.   1974.
    Petroleum  Review  (London)  28(325):22-27.

    The  article,  which is  the first part  in a  series of three
    presented  by  the  author at  the Conference  on  Fuel and the
    Environment,  Eastbourne, England, November, 1973, discusses
    government legislation, platform  and  pipeline safeguards, and
    oil  spill  cleanup in respect to oil exploration  and production.

    General  effects of oil  prospecting and production
    Cleanup  and  recovery

    Citation Source:   Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
                      1974.  6(1).  Entry #634.

                                 119

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C-783-74
GUIDELINES ON THE USE AND ACCEPTABILITY OF OIL SPILL DISPERSANTS

Rue!, M., S. L. Ross, E. Nagy, and J.  B. Sprague.   1973.
Environmental Protection Service Report Series EPS l-EE-73-1.
60 p.

The report presents the foundation of Environment  Canada  Guide-
lines on the Use and Acceptability of Oil  Spill Dispersants.
Requirements and procedures for determining the suitability of
a dispersant, based on these guidelines, are described.

Standards, regulations and planning

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts,  1975.  6(1).
                  Entry #75-00260.
                              120

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H.   BIBLIOGRAPHIES


    C-784-74
    TANKERS

    Anon.   1974.
    U.S.  Defense  Documentation Center, Report DDC-TAS-73-81.   Ref.
    Order No.  AD-772 300/OGA.

    Annotated  references on such  topics as  oil  pollution control,
    cargo vessel  capability and harbor facilities  are cited.

    Citation Source:  Oceanic  Abstracts.   1975.   12(1).   Entry #75-00910.
    C-785-74
    SUPERTANKERS AND SUPERPORTS.   A BIBLIOGRAPHY  WITH  ABSTRACTS

    Habercom,  G. E., Jr.   1974.
    Report for 1974 supersedes  report dated October,  1973,  COM-73-11715.
    76 p.

    The bibliography contains 60  selected  abstracts of research  reports
    related to the construction and operation  of  supertankers  and  their
    port facilities, and  environmental  considerations  of  such  develop-
    ment.

    Biological effects  of oil prospecting  and  production

    Citation Source: Government  Reports Announcements.   1974.   7(26).
                     Entry # NTIS/PS-74/088.
    C-786-74
    WASTE PROCESSING  IN  THE  CHEMICAL  AND  PETROCHEMICAL  INDUSTRIES—A
    BIBLIOGRAPHY  WITH ABSTRACTS

    Lehmann, E. J.   1973.
    NTIS  Publication  NTIS-WIN-73-022.   NTIS  Report  COM-73-11386.   87  p.

    Eighty-seven  abstracts of  research  reports  discussing  control
    processes,  economic  factors  and abatement strategies for  the
    chemical and  petrochemical  industries are included  in  the bibli-
    ography on  industrial waste  treatment.

    Citation Source:   Selected Water  Resources  Abstracts.   1974.   7(23).
                      Entry  #  W74-12069.
                                  121

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C-787-74
OIL SPILL REMOVAL.   A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS

Smith, M.  1974.
Government Reports  Announcements 74(13):104.

A bibliography on oil spill removal is provided, containing 114
selected abstracts  concerned with such topics as oil-water
separators, skimmers, dispersants, enzymes and adsorbents.

Cleanup and recovery

Citation Source:  Pollution Abstracts.  1975.  6(1).  Entry #75-00153.
                                  122

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      SECTION  II.   CURRENT STATUS OF SOME OF THE RESEARCH PROJECTS
                      AS LISTED IN PREVIOUS REPORTS


A.  OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION

    1.   MONITORING
        R-166-74
        EFFECT ON THE ECOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY IN COLD ENVIRONMENTS OF
        OIL SEEPAGES AND SPILLS
        Principal Investigator:
        Performing Organization:
        Supporting Agency:  U.S.
        Period:  7/72 to 6/73
     Brown, J., and R. Murrmann
      U.S. Army Cold Region Research and
      Engineering Laboratory, P.O. Box 282,
      Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
     Department of Defense, Army, No. DAOZ8146
              Funds:  Unknown
        The project has been completed and a final  report will  be
        available sometime in 1975.
        Information Source:
 J. Brown, Department of the Army, U.S.  Army
 Cold Region Research and Engineering Lab-
 oratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.
        R-169-74
        DEVELOP CHEMICAL STANDARDS FOR GROWING AREA
        Principal Investigator:

        Performing Organization



        Supporting Agency:   U.S
        Period:  7/73 to 6/74
     Lamb, J. B.
     Bureau of Foods
      U.S. Department of Health, Education
      and Welfare, Public Health Service,
      Food and Drug Administration,
      Washington, D.C.  20204
     Department of Health, Education and
Welfare, Public Health  Service, Food and
Drug Administration, Bureau of Foods
              Funds:  Unknown
        The project is involved with the monitoring of shellfish growing
        areas which have been contaminated by oil  spills.   A contract
        has been initiated to determine levels of  polynuclear aromatics
        found in shellfish from both the non-spill  areas and the retail
        market.   No reports are yet available.
        Information Source:
 J. B. Lamb, Division of Food Technology,
 Bureau of Foods, Public Health Service,
 Food and Drug Administration, Washington,
 D.C.
                                   123

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R-170-74
ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PETROCHEMICALS IN WATER AND
SEDIMENT

Principal Investigator:  Unknown
                         Water Resources Division
Performing Organization:  U.S. Department of the Interior,
                          Geological  Survey, Washington, D.C.
Supporting Agency:  Department of the Interior, Geological
                    Survey, Water Resources Division NR-69-062
Period:  7/72 to 6/73             Funds:  Unknown

The project was suspended in 1972.

Information Source:  G. W. Whetstone, United States Department
                     of the Interior, Geological Survey, Reston,
                     Virginia 22092.
R-171-74
MOVEMENT AND FATE OF SUNKEN OIL

Principal Investigator:  Wood, P. C.
Performing Organization:  Ministry of Agriculture, Burnham on
                          Crouch, England
Supporting Agency:  United Kingdom Government
Period:  7/72 to 6/73             Funds:  Unknown

The major interest of the project was the implications of sinking
oil to commercial fisheries, as part of clean-up procedures at
sea.  The work has been discontinued and transferred to the
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Aberdeen.
Two additional studies are being conducted by the Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food.  One project, being carried
out jointly with the Norwegians and the laboratories in Scotland,
is surveying areas of the North Sea subject to oil exploitation;
samples of benthos and fish are being collected for hydrocarbon
analysis.  No results are yet available.  A second project, soon
to be started, will attempt to determine the fate of various
hydrocarbon components in the immediate environment of a quanti-
fiable point source input.

   Reports

   TOXICITY OF OIL-SINKING AGENTS

   Blackman, R. A. A.  1973.
   International Council for the Exploration of the Sea,
   Fisheries Improvement Committee, C.M. 1973/E:10.
                               124

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   The toxic effect of the sand-sink method (spraying  oil
   with a slurry of sand and seawater with tallow amine
   acetates as a wetting agent)  was  tested on  brown  shrimps
   (Crangon crangon).   The concentration  of the solvent
   throughout the water column after application indicates
   the unlikelihood of toxic effects.
   EFFECTS OF SUNKEN OIL ON THE FEEDING OF  PLAICE  ON  BROWN
   SHRIMPS AND OTHER BENTHOS

   Blackman,  R.  A.  A.   1974.
   International  Council for the Exploration  of the Sea,
   Fisheries  Improvement Committee,  C.M.  1974/E:24.

   The effects of prey containing oil  and oil  on tank bottoms
   upon predation behavior of demersal  fish were tested.  The
   fish caught shrimp that had ingested oil more easily because
   of the shrimp's  reduced specific  gravity.

Information Source:   I.  C.  White, Ministry  of Agriculture,
                     Fisheries and Food,  Fisheries Laboratory,
                     Remembrance Ave.,  Burnham on  Crouch,
                     Essex, England.
                             125

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2.  REMOTE SENSING


    R-172-74
    EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION ON NAVAL  OPERATIONS

    Principal Investigators:   Gallagher,  J.  J.,  and D.  F.  Guiliano
    Performing Organization:   U.S.  Navy Underwater Systems Center,
                              Newport,  Rhode Island 02840
    Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Department of Defense, Navy,
                        No.  DN014506
    Period:  7/72 to 6/73             Funds:  Unknown

    The Underwater Systems Center's pollution research  program was
    instituted in 1970  and terminated two years  later.   The program
    addressed measurement techniques, and in particular airborne
    remote sensing.  The techniques were planned for oil  slick
    monitoring but the  program was  terminated before an oil
    pollution oriented  task could be.implemented.

    Information Source:  J.  Gallagher,  New London  Laboratory,  Naval
                         Underwater Systems  Center, New London,
                         Connecticut 06320.
    R-173-74
    REMOTE SENSING FOR WATER AND AIR POLLUTION

    Principal Investigator:   Goodwin, G.
    Performing Organization:  U.S.  National  Aeronautic and Space
                              Administration,  Ames Research Center,
                              Moffett Field, California 94035
    Supporting Agency:  U.S. National Aeronautic and Space Admin-
                        istration,  Aeronautics and Space Technical
                        Office,  Ames Research  Center, No.  160-75-22
                        7370495
    Period:  7/72 to 6/73             Funds:  Unknown

    The project has been completcdand a final  report is being
    prepared.  Four technical papers have been published on the
    subject.

       Reports and Publications

       AIRBORNE OPTICAL DETECTION OF OIL ON  WATER

       Millard, J. P., and J. C. Arvesen.  1972.
       Applied Optics 11(1)  :102-107.

       Various techniques for detecting oil  on water utilizing
       reflected sunlight were evaluated.  It  was found that
                                126

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maximum oil-water contrast was in the UV and red portions
of the spectrum; blue-green yielded minimum levels of
contrast.  Differential polarization appeared to be one
of the most promising techniques.  Oil identification could
not be made because characteristic absorption bands were
not evident and oil-water contrast was greatly influenced
by sky conditions.
EFFECTS OF SKYLIGHT POLARIZATION, CLOUDINESS, AND VIEW
ANGLE ON THE DETECTION OF OIL ON WATER

Millard, 0. P., and J. C. Arvesen.  1971.
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, AIAA
Paper No. 71-1075.  7 p.

The authors evaluate three passive radiometric techniques
for use in remote sensing of oil spills.  Conclusions are
drawn as to the most promising technique and explanations
are given to describe why previous total-radiance measure-
ments yielded highest contrast between oil and water under
overcast skies.
POLARIZATION:  A KEY TO AN AIRBORNE OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR THE
DETECTION OF OIL ON WATER

Millard, J. P., and J. C. Arvesen.  1973.
Science 180:1170-1171.

"Skylight polarization, varying with the sun's position in
the sky, influences the contrast of oil on water.  Good
contrast is most consistently obtained by viewing in azimuth
directions toward or away from the sun, and the contrast is
enhanced by imaging selected polarization components and by
taking the difference between orthogonal polarization
components."
VIDEO SYSTEMS FOR REAL TIME OIL-SPILL DETECTION

Millard, J. P., J. C. Arvesen, P. L. Lewis, and G.  F.  Woolerer.
1973.
ISA Reprint Copyright 1973 of study presented at the Second
Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental  Pollutants,
Washington, D. C., December 10-12, 1973.   p.  355-361.

A conventional TV camera, cameras operating in a subtractive
mode, and a field-sequential camera are three types of airborne
                             127

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   television systems being developed to detect oil  spills.
   The potential usefulness and limitations for each of the
   systems are discussed.

Information Source:   J.  P.  Millard, National  Aeronautics and
                     Space  Administration,  Ames Research Center,
                     Moffett Field, California 94035.
R-l74-74
MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT

Principal Investigator:  Love, E. S.
Performing Organization:  U.S. National  Aeronautics and Space
                          Administration, Langley Research Center,
                          Hampton, Virginia 23365
Supporting Agency:  U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
                    istration, Aeronautics and Space Technical
                    Office, Langley Research Center,
                    No. 176-53-321  7470481
Period:  7/73 to 6/74             Funds:  Unknown

The project conducted by NASA Langley Research Center is entitled
"A Study of the Chemical Fate and Biological Consequences of
No. 2 Fuel Oil Spills in Semi natural  Ecosystems."  The study
is continuing with completion expected January, 1976.

   Reports and Publications

   IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN AN EXTRACT FROM ESTUARINE
   WATER ACCOMMODATED NO. 2 FUEL OIL

   Bieri, R. H., G. Losser, R. J. Huggett, A. L. Walker, and
   B. W. Lewis.  1974.
   Proceedings of the Marine Pollution Monitoring (Petroleum)
   Symposium and Workshop, May 13-17, 1974.  National Bureau
   of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland.

   The use of the mass spectrometer with interfaced gas
   chromatograph and data handling system for hydrocarbon
   analysis is described.
   HYDROCARBONS IDENTIFIED IN EXTRACTS FROM ESTUARINE WATER
   ACCOMMODATED NO. 2 FUEL OIL BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY - MASS
   SPECTROMETRY

   Lewis, B. W., A. L. Walker, and R. H. Bieri.  1974.
   NASA Technical Memorandum, NASA TM X-72009.  10 p.

   Computerized   gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analyses
   were conducted on methylene chloride and n-heptane extracts
                              128

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   of a No.  2 fuel  oil  accommodated  estuarine  water  samples.
   The results of the analyses  and a description  of  the method
   are given.

Information  Source:   E.  S.  Love,  National Aeronautics and
                     Space  Administration,  Langley Research
                     Center,  Hampton,  Virginia 23665.
                             129

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3.   ANALYSIS
    R-029-74
    FINGERPRINTING OF OIL SPILLED IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

    Principal  Investigator:   Kolpack, R. L.
    Performing Organization:   University of  California,  Graduate
                              School, Los Angeles,  California  90007
    Supporting Agency:  U.S.  Department of Commerce,  National
                        Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,  Sea
                        Grant Office
    Period:  7/72 to 6/73             Funds:   $15,000

    The project was discontinued under U.S.  Department of Commerce
    funding.  The publication, "Microbial Decomposition Patterns
    Using Crude Oil," is the  only paper presently available  from
    the project.

       Publications

       MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION PATTERNS USING CRUDE OIL

       Mechalas, B. J., T. J. Meyers, and R.  L. Kolpack.  1973.
       In:  The Microbial Degradation of Oil  Pollutants.  Louisiana
       State University Center for Wetland Resources LSU-SG-73-01.
       p. 67-79.

       A series of experiments was conducted to determine the
       sequence of microbial  degradation in  Santa Barbara crude
       oil.  The n-paraffin and isoprenoid components are first
       to be degraded and order of break-down is dependent upon
       molecular weight.

    Information Source:  R.  L. Kolpack, Environmental Geology,
                         University of Southern California,  Los
                         Angeles, California 90007.
    R-l78-74
    GEOCHEMISTRY OF OILFIELD BRINES

    Principal Investigators:  Collins, A. G., J. W. Davis, G.  E.
                              Fletcher, and C. A. Pearson
    Performing Organization:  U.S.  Department of the Interior, Bureau
                              of Mines, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003
    Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
                        Mines, No.  4011-6
    Period:  7/73 to 6/74             Funds:  $86,000

    The project is active at present.
                                 130

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   Reports and Publications

   API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR ANALYSIS OF OIL-FIELD WATERS

   American Petroleum Institute.
   Official Publication

   The edition contains various procedures for oil-field
   water analyses.  Several procedures included aid in the
   evaluation and resolution of pollution problems.
   ARE OIL- AND GAS-WELL DRILLING, PRODUCTION,  AND WASTE
   DISPOSAL PRACTICES POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT?

   Collins, A. G.  1970.
   Report presented September 13-18, 1970, 160th National
   American Chemical  Society Meeting, Chicago,  Illinois.

   Summary not available.
   OIL AND GAS WELLS—POTENTIAL POLLUTERS OF THE ENVIRONMENT?

   Collins, A. G.  1971.
   Journal Water Pollution Control  Federation 43(12):2383-2393.

   The paper contains a discussion  of the possible sources of
   environmental pollution from drilling fluids, drilling muds,
   oil well cuttings and  treatment  chemicals.  The need for
   further evaluation of  these pollution sources is emphasized.

Information Source:  A. G. Collins, Production Research, U.S.
                     Department of  the Interior, Bureau of Mines,
                     Bartlesville Energy Research Center,
                     P.O.  Box 1398, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003.
R-l82-74
OIL SPILL IDENTIFICATION

Principal Investigators:  Ferrero, E.  P., C.  C.  Ward, and
                          H.  J.  Coleman
Performing Organization:  U.S.  Department of  the Interior, Bureau
                          of  Mines, Bartlesville,  Oklahoma 74003
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
                    Mines, No.  8759-19
Period:  7/73 to 6/74             Funds:   $76,000

The Bartlesville Energy Research Center has an active research
program relating to "Identification of Oil Spills."  The Bureau
                              131

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of Mines has analyzed crude oils from all  over the world with
an objective of improving petroleum utilization.   The purpose
of this continuing research is to determine and measure dis-
tinctive properties of crude oils and crude oil residues and
to establish reliable definitive interrelationships between
these diverse properties for improved oil  spill "fingerprinting"
and identification.

The following manuscripts are in various stages of publication
as Bureau of Mines Reports of Investigations:

   CRUDE OIL SPILLS RESEARCH—AN INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION
   OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, by Wilson, C. A., E.  P.  Ferrero,
   and H. J. Coleman.

   CRUDE OIL SPILLS RESEARCH—ATOMIC ABSORPTION TECHNIQUES FOR
   VANADIUM AND NICKEL, by Wilson, C. A.,  E. P. Ferrero, and
   H. J. Coleman.

   Publications

   BUMINES DATA PROMISE HELP IN IDENTIFYING PETROLEUM-SPILL
   SOURCES

   Whisman, M. L., and F. 0. Cotton.  1971.
   The Oil and Gas Journal, December 27, 1971.

   The problems of oil source identification and use of computer-
   access data banks containing crude oil  analyses are discussed.

Information Source:  H. J. Coleman, Chemistry and Refining
                     Research, U.S. Department of the Interior,
                     Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville Energy Research
                     Center, P.O. Box 1398, Bartlesville,
                     Oklahoma 74003.
R-183-74
OIL POLLUTION OF RIVERS, METHODS OF ANALYSIS

Principal  Investigator:  Glenn, W. J.
Performing Organization:  Department of Environment, London,
                          England
Supporting Agency:  United Kingdom Government
Period:  7/72 to 6/73             Funds:  Unknown

The project  is no longer in progress.

   Publications

   INLAND  OIL SPILLS -  EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND ACTION
                               132

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   Oil and Water Industries Working Group.  1972.
   Institute of Petroleum, London.

   The report contains procedures to be undertaken in the event
   of an inland oil spill.
   THE BATTLE AGAINST OIL POLLUTION AT SEA

   Department of Trade and Industry.  1973.
   Trade and Industry, Supplement to July 26, 1973 issue.
   (Available from Department of Trade and Industry, Marine
   Division, Sunley House, 90-93 High Hoi born, London, WCIV 6LP)

   The Department of Trade and Industry has the responsibility
   for dealing with any major threat of coastal pollution  which
   may arise from oil at sea.  The supplement describes the
   causes and effects of oil  pollution at sea, national and
   international organizations established to deal with it, and
   current research being conducted to improve methods of
   dealing with a large oil spill.
   OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA AND SHORE

   Warren Spring Laboratory, Department of Trade and Industry.

   A study of remedial measures.


   A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MARINE AND ESTUARINE OIL POLLUTION

   Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.

   Summary not available.

Information Source:  G. A.  P. Oolliffe, Directorate General
                     Water Engineering, Department of the
                     Environment, 2 Marsham St., London SW1  P3EB.
R-185-74
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF OIL BY INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Principal Investigator:  Gruenfeld, M.
Performing Organization:  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency,
                          Edison Water Research Laboratory,
                          Cincinnati, Ohio
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency,
                    Office of Research and Development No. 21
                    AOE 02  72P17896
Period:  7/73 to 6/74             Funds:  Unknown
                               133

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   Reports

   QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS  OF PETROLEUM OIL  POLLUTANTS  BY  INFRARED
   SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

   Gruenfeld,  M.
   Preprint from author.

   The accuracy and sensitivity of the infrared technique  used
   for quantitative determination of petroleum oils  by single
   point source analysis  is described.   Solvents used are
   carbon tetrachloride,  Freon 113, and a  mixture of  the two.
   Infrared oil detection limits, oil  absorptive stability
   during prolonged solution storage,  and  the utility of these
   absorptivities for oil identification are examined.

Information Source:  M. Gruenfeld, Environmental Protection
                     Agency, Regional  Office II, Edison, New
                     Jersey 08817.
                             134

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B.   OIL POLLUTION CONTROL

    1.   CONTAINMENT


        R-046-74
        OIL CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS - CHEMICALLY JELLED BOOMS

        Principal Investigator:  Unknown
        Performing Organization:   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Office of Water Programs,  Washington,
                                  B.C.  20242
        Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Department of Transportation,  Coast
                            Guard No.  012108
        Period:   7/72 to 6/73              Funds:  Unknown

        This contract was not awarded.

        Information Source:   K. Adams,  Environmental Protection Agency,
                             Washington, D.C.  20460.
                                 135

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2.  CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
    R-208-74
    ASSESSMENT AND TESTING OF OIL DISPERSANTS FOR USE AT SEA

    Principal Investigator:  Wood, P.  C.
    Performing Organization:  Ministry of Agriculture, Burnham on
                              Crouch,  England
    Supporting Agency:  United Kingdom Government
    Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:  Unknown

    Work related to this topic is still underway under a project
    entitled, "The Toxicity of Oils, Oil  Dispersants and Mixtures."
    The toxicity of new oil dispersant formulations is being assessed
    using standard toxicity tests.  Research is also underway on the
    toxicity of selected oils and oil  dispersant components, the
    latter in an attempt to identify the most toxic components.  New
    toxicity testing methods and techniques for use with oil and
    dispersants are being developed.  The work is being done in
    cooperation with the Warren Spring Laboratory, which is con-
    cerned with the efficiency of oil  cleanup methods.  (See R-235-74
    for publications)
    Information Source:
I.  C.  White, Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory,
Remembrance Avenue, Burnham on Crouch,
Essex, England.
    R-209-74
    TREATMENT OF OIL SPILLS, ESPECIALLY SINKING AND DISPERSION

    Principal Investigator:  Wood, P. C.
    Performing Organization:  Ministry of Agriculture, Burnham on
                              Crouch, England
    Supporting Agency:  United Kingdom Government
    Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:  Unknown

    The project is closely related to Entry R-208-74, "Assessment and
    Testing of Oil Dispersants for Use at Sea."  The implications to
    commercial fish, shellfish and other marine resources of all oil,
    cleanup or prevention methods are assessed as and when new methods
    are proposed.
    Information Source:
I. C. White, Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory,
Remembrance Avenue, Burnham on Crouch,
Essex, England.
                                 136

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C.   EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION

    1.   BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

        R-083-74
        INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL  ASSESSMENT  STUDIES  -  INDONESIA
        AND GHANA

        Principal Investigators:   Eilers,  W.  L.,  and P. H.  Freeman
        Performing Organization:   Smithsonian Institution,  Washington,
                                  D.C.  20560
        Supporting Agency:  U.S.  Department of  State, Agency  for
                            International  Development,  Contract AID/
                            CSD-2608-3
        Period:   7/73 to 6/74             Funds:   $145,237

        A series of case studies  have bene conducted and  environmental
        guidelines on selected environmental  problems in  developing
        countries have been produced.   These  case studies and three
        guideline booklets are completed and  now  in press.

           1)  The environmental  consequences  of rapid urbanization
              in Seoul, Korea
           2)  The environmental  impact  of  a large tropical  man-made
              lake (Lake Volta,  Ghana)
           3)  Coastal zone pollution in Indonesia,  with special
              emphasis upon oil.

        Information Source:  W.  L. Eilers, Office of International and
                             Environmental Programs, Smithsonian
                             Institution,  Washington, D.C.  20560.
        R-093-74
        EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL  SPILLS  ON  TERRESTRIAL  VEGETATION AND  ON
        LAKE PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE  NORMAN  WELLS  REGION  AND THE TUKTOYAKTUK
        REGION NWT

        Principal  Investigators:   Hutchinson, T.  C., J.  Hellebust,  and
                                  M.  Tel ford
        Performing Organization:   University of Toronto, Ontario,  Canada
        Supporting Agency:  Department  of Indian  Affairs and Northern
                            Development,  Canadian Government
        Period:   7/73 to 3/74              Funds:   $86,000

        The project is an ongoing  one.  Papers  resulting from the  study
        are to be  given at the Conference on the  Control and Prevention
        of Oil Spills, April, 1975,  San Francisco.  Four papers will be
        included in the Proceedings  of  the Society  of  International
        Limnologists Conference, Winnipeg, 1974,  one paper  in Environ-
        mental Pollution No.  1, 1975 (with P. Kauss),  and two papers are
        forthcoming in the first issue  of Canadian  Botany,  1975.   All
        deal with  different aspects  of  oil toxicity.

                                  137

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   Publications

   THE  PHYTOTOXICTY OF  CRUDE OIL SPILLS  IN FRESHWATER

   Hutchinson, T.  C., P.  Kauss, and M. Griffiths.   1972.
   Institute  of  Environmental Sciences and Engineering,
   Publication No. EI-4.   Reprinted from Water  Pollution
   Research in Canada.

   Field  toxicity  tests on planktonic algae were performed using
   crude  oil, crude oil-water extracts,  and selected oil com-
   ponents.   The effects  of the oil on the algal species varied
   from a growth inhibiting reaction to  a stimulating  reaction.
   Water  soluble components of crude oil in laboratory tests
   were toxic to the algae and reduced algal  growth by
   increasing water acidity.
   OIL  SPILLS  AND  VEGETATION AT  NORMAN  WELLS,  N.W.T.

   Hutchinson, T.  C.,  and  J. A.  Hellebust.   1974.
   Environmental-Social  Committee  on  Northern  Pipelines, Task
   Force on Northern Oil Development  Report  No.  73-43.   Information
   Canada Cat. No.  R72-10773 QS-1538-000-EE-A1.

   The  effects of  natural  and  simulated oil  spills  on  character-
   istic terrestrial and aquatic vegetational  ecosystems in  the
   Mackenzie Valley were determined.  Terrestrial vegetation
   varied in resistance  to oil exposure and  overall  cover was
   reduced by  a factor of  up to  four.   The effects  upon  aquatic
   vegetation  were variable; the higher plants that grew partially
   above the water surface were  damaged to the greatest  degree
   and  lake phytoplankton  were damaged  least.
   THE TOXICITY  OF CRUDE OIL  AND ITS  COMPONENTS TO  FRESHWATER
   ALGAE

   Kauss,  P.,  T.  C.  Hutchinson,  C.  Soto,  J.  Hellebust,  and  M.
   Griffiths.   1973.
   Conference  on Prevention and  Control  of Oil  Spills,  1973,
   Washington, D.C.

   Field tests measuring crude oil  toxicity on  freshwater algae
   indicated that the algal responses were species-specific,
   varying from suppression to stimulation of growth.   Toxicity
   of seven different crude oils on Chlorella yulgaris  was
   variable in lab studies.

Information Source:   T.  C.  Hutchinson, Institute for Environmental
                     Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto,
                     Canada MBS  1A4.
                               138

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R-098-74
OFFSHORE TERMINAL OPERATIONS IMPACT

Principal Investigator:  Maurer, D.
Performing Organization:  University of Delaware, School  of
                          Marine Science, Newark, Delaware 18711
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
                    and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
                    Office No.  2-35223
Period:  9/72 to 8/73              Funds:  Unknown

Continuing research is being conducted in the following areas:
Sublethal Effects of Crude Oil  on Juvenile Mercenaria mercenaria;
Environmental Aspects of Offshore Multi-Use Port Islands  (study
funded by NSF/RANN, a full report is forthcoming); and Baseline
Studies of Lower Delaware Bay (study funded by NSF/RANN,  no
reports are yet available).

   Reports

   IMPACTS OF A DEEPWATER TERMINAL VOLUME I.  ENVIRONMENTAL
   PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH A DEEPWATER PORT

   Maurer, D.
   Report to the National Science Foundation, RANN Program

   The objective of the study was to analyze and collate  existing
   data related to the environmental vulnerability of selected
   sites to construction and operation of deepwater port  facilities
   The work was a part of a broad-based study headed by the
   Council on Environmental Quality.  Descriptions of the marine
   biota of the proposed areas  and assessments of the sensitivity
   to stress of individual species were among the principal topics.

Information Source:  L. Watling, College of Marine Studies, Field
                     Station, University of Delaware, Lewes,
                     Delaware 19958.
R-101-74
MARINE PETROLEUM POLLUTION - BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND CHEMICAL
CHARACTERIZATION

Principal Investigators:  Nicol, J. A., and C. Van Baal en
Performing Organization:  University of Texas, Marine Science
                          Institute, Port Aransas, Texas 78373
Supporting Agency:  U.S. National Science Foundation, Division
                    of National and International Progress,
                    GX-37345
Period:  2/73 to 1/74              Funds:  $142,150
                                139

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   Publications

   THE EFFECTS OF A NO.  2 FUEL OIL AND TWO CRUDE OILS ON THE
   GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MICROALGAE

   Pulich, W. M., Jr.,  K. Winters, and C.  Van Baalen.   1974.
   Marine Biology 28:87-94.

   Reported are the effects  of two crude oils and water solubles
   from these oils and  from  a No.  2 fuel oil  on the growth and
   photosynthesis of pure cultures of microalgae.

Information Source:  C.  Van  Baalen, University of Texas at
                     Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port
                     Aransas, Texas 78373.
R-123-74
MONITORING OF MARINE POLLUTION PROBLEMS

Principal Investigator:  Westman, W. E.
Performing Organization:   University of Queensland, St.  Lucia,
                          Queensland, Australia
Supporting Agency:  University of Queensland
Period:  7/72 to 6/73              Funds:   Unknown

The project is currently  active with one publication resulting
from the study.

   Publication

   BIOASSAYS AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING

   Westman, W. E.  1974.
   In:  A Compilation of Australian Water Quality Criteria.
   Australian Water Resources Council.  Technical Paper No. 7:
   275-281.

   The paper is a literature review.

Information Source:  W. E. Westman, Visiting Lecturer in
                     Environmental Planning & Management,
                     University of California, School of
                     Architecture and Urban Planning, Los
                     Angeles, California 90024
R-212-74
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL AND OIL COMPOUNDS ON MARINE COASTAL
ECOSYSTEMS

Principal Investigators:  Bean, R. M., and J. A. Lichatowich


                               140

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Performing Organization:  Battelle Memorial Institute, P.O. Box
                          999, Richland, Washington 99352
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Biomedical
                    and Energy Research Division
Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:  $60,000

The following are articles which appeared in the 1974 Annual  DBER
Report.  The 1975 Annual Report, No.  1950-Pt.  2, BNWL, will be
published and ready for distribution in March, 1975, and will
include "Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Marine
Environment," by R. M. Bean.

   Reports

   DETERMINATION OF SOLUBLE AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SUSPENSIONS
   OF PETROLEUM IN SEAWATER

   Bean, R. M., and J. W. Blaylock.  1974.
   In:  1974 Annual DBER Report, No.  1850-Pt.  2.

   The goal of the work was to develop a rapid procedure for
   determining the water-miscible hydrocarbon  composition of
   oil/water mixtures, particularly of the aromatic hydrocarbons.
   Carbon tetrachloride was used in the method to extract the
   filtered water samples and analysis of the  individual hydro-
   carbon components was performed using gas chromatography.
   NONNUCLEAR EFFLUENTS:  EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON MARINE
   INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES

   Bean, R. M., J. R. Vanderhorst, and R. Y. Ting.  1974.
   1974 Annual DBER Report, No. 1850-Pt. 2.

   Discussed are the combined chemical/biological treatment
   methods developed by Battelle to study the impact of crude
   petroleum on marine communities.

Information Source:  R. M.  Bean, Battelle Pacific Northwest
                     Laboratories, Battelle Blvd., Richland,
                     Washington 99352.
R-217-74
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM OILS, OIL DISPERSANTS, PETROCHEMICAL WASTES,
AND ASSOCIATED POLLUTANTS ON MARINE LIFE

Principal Investigator:  Hegre, C. S.
Performing Organization:  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency,
                          National Environmental Research Center,
                          Corvallis, Oregon
                                141

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Supporting Agency:  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency, Office
                    of Research and Development, No.  16 AAV 12
                    72P17877
Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:   Unknown

The project is currently  emphasizing studies of water-soluble
fractions of oils introduced into marine waters after oil-water
separation.

   Reports and Publications

   BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF  SHORT-TERM EXPOSURES TO HAZARDOUS
   MATERIALS

   LaRoche, G.  1972.
   Proceedings of the 1972 National Conference of Hazardous
   Material Spills,  p. 199-206.

   The importance of short-term bioassays in identifying toxicol-
   ogical responses is discussed.  The  need to detect subtle
   damage, caused by pollutant concentrations in the  environment,
   which may impair the survival of a species, is stressed.
   BIOASSAY PROCEDURES FOR OIL AND OIL DISPERSANT TOXICITY
   EVALUATION

   LaRoche, G., R. Eisler, and C. M. Tarzwell.   1970.
   Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 42(11):1982-1989.

   A method has been devised to test for relative 96-hour
   toxicities of crude oils, oil-spill removers, and oil-dispersant
   mixtures on a fish, Fundulus heteroclitus, a sand worm, Nereis
   virens, and a grass shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris.   The ease
   of operation and versatility of the system is discussed.
   STANDARD METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE TOXICITY OF
   OIL DISPERSANTS AND MIXTURES OF DISPERSANTS AND VARIOUS OILS
   TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS

   Tarzwell, C. M.
   Citation not given.

   Standard methods for testing the relative toxicity of oil
   dispersants and oil-dispersant mixtures are described for use
   with fish (Pimephales promelas^ freshwater, and Fundulus
   heteroclitus, salt water), larval oysters (Crassostrea
   virginica) and brine shrimp (Artemia
                                 142

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   USING ARTEMIA TO ASSAY OIL DISPERSANT TOXICITIES

   Zillioux, E. J., H.  R. Foulk, J.  C.  Prager,  and J.  A.  Cardin.
   1973.
   Journal Water Pollution Control  Federation 45(11):2389-2396.

   The use of brine shrimp (Artemia  salina) nauplii as a  bioassay
   species for oil dispersant toxicity tests is described.   All
   conditions are standardized including the use of artificial
   seawater.

Information Source:  C.  S. Hegre, U.S.  Environmental  Protection
                     Agency,  National  Marine Water Quality
                     Laboratory, South Ferry Rd., Narragansett,
                     Rhode Island 02882.
R-219-74
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY CRITERIA

Principal Investigator:   London, S.  A.
Performing Organization:  U.S. Air Force Aerospace Medical  Research
                          Laboratory, 6570 Wright Patterson A.F.B.,
                          Dayton, Ohio 45433
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Defense,  Air Force,
                    No.  DF312920
Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:  Unknown

This work is not related to oil pollution.

Information Source:   S.  A.  London, U.S.  Air Force Aerospace Medical
                     Research Laboratory, 6570 Wright Patterson
                     A.F.B., Dayton, Ohio 45433.
R-221-74
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS ON ALASKA'S LIVING MARINE
RESOURCES

Principal Investigators:  Merrell, T. R., R.  T.  Myren, R.  Rice,
                          H.  E.  Bruce, H. Sears, C.  R. Mattson
Performing Organization:  U.S.  Department of  Commerce, Auke Bay
                          Fisheries Laboratory,  P.O.  Box 155,
                          Auke  Bay, Alaska 99821
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Commerce, National  Oceanic
                    and Atmospheric Administration,  National
                    Marine Fisheries Service, No.  720581
                    028180928
Period:  7/72 to 6/73              Funds:  $250,000
                                143

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Ongoing research is being continued in three major areas:
(1) determining effects of logging on marine ecosystems;
(2) establishing baselines of intertidal  organisms in Prince
William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska to evaluate effects of
oil development; and (3) determining effects of crude oil  on
Alaskan organisms by means of laboratory bioassays.

   Reports and Publications

   EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS:  A REVIEW FOR
   ADMINISTRATORS AND POLICY MAKERS

   Evans, D. R., and S. D. Rice.  1974.
   NOAA Fishery Bulletin 72(3):625-638.

   A review of recent literature concerning the effects of oil on
   marine ecosystems is given to provide an information source
   for administrators and policy makers.   Characteristics  of
   crude oil and the danger of chronic low-level pollution are
   among the topics included.
   EFFECTS OF PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL ON MOLTING TANNER CRABS,
   CHIONOECETES BAIRDI

   Karinen, J. F., and S. D. Rice.  1974.
   MFR Paper 1074 from Marine Fisheries Review 36(7):31-37.

   In laboratory tests, Prudhoe Bay crude oil was found to have
   detrimental effects on premolt and postmolt juvenile male
   Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdij.  Estimated 48 hour TLM
   (median tolerance limits) were 0.56 ml oil/liter for both
   stages.  With increasing oil exposure molting success decreased
   and during oil exposure newly molted crabs autotomized limbs.
   TOXICITY AND AVOIDANCE TESTS WITH PRUDHOE BAY OIL AND PINK
   SALMON FRY

   Rice, S. D.  1973.
   Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
   Oil Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C.  p. 667-670.

   Acute  toxicity concentration levels were determined for
   Prudhoe Bay crude oil on pink salmon fry in fresh-and salt
   water.  The observed 96-hour TLM values were lower for fry
   in freshwater than salt water (88 mg oil/liter vs. 213 mg
   oil/liter in June and 110 mg oil/liter in August).  Older fry
   were more susceptible to oil toxicity and were more sensitive
   in their detection and avoidance of oil than younger fry.
                                144

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Information Source:  T. R. Merrell, Jr., U.S.  Department of
                     Commerce, National  Oceanic and Atmospheric
                     Administration, Auke Bay  Fisheries Laboratory,
                     P.O.  Box 155,  Auke  Bay, Alaska 99821.

R-223-74
DETERMINATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL  EFFECTS OF  OFF-SHORE PIPELINES

Principal Investigator:  Morrison,  D. L.
Performing Organization:  Battelle  Memorial  Institute,  505  King
                          Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43201
Supporting Agency:  No formal support reported
Period:  1/73 to 12/73             Funds:  Unknown

The third year of work on the project was being completed with  a
completion date planned for the end of 1974.   A report  on this
project will be released sometime during the first half of  1975.

   Reports

   ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF GAS PIPELINE OPERATIONS IN  THE
   LOUISIANA COASTAL MARSHES

   McGinnis, J. T., R. A.  Ewing, C.  A. Willingham, S. E.  Rogers,
   D. H. Douglass, and D.  L. Morrison.  1972.
   Final Report to Offshore Pipeline Committee, December, 1972,
   BatteHe, Columbus Laboratories.

   The objective of the study was to provide an overview of the
   broad environmental issues confronting the  gas  pipeline
   industry in their efforts to traverse marshlands with  pipelines
   serving offshore Louisiana gas and oil leases.   The  emphasis
   of the study was on the coastal  marshes from the low water line
   at the Gulf of Mexico to 20 to 40 miles inland  to high ground.

Information Source:  D. L. Morrison, Energy/Environmental Programs
                     Office, Battelle, Columbus Laboratories,
                     Columbus, Ohio 43201.

R-226-74
REMOTE SENSING - WATER AND LAND POLLUTION, BIOTIC  AND ABIOTIC
DEGRADATION, ENERGY, BUDGET AND CULTURAL PRESSURES

Principal Investigator:  Nelson, C.  H.
Performing Organization:  U.S. National  Aeronautic and  Space
                          Administration, Langley  Research  Center,
                          Hampton,  Virginia 23365
Supporting Agency:  U.S. National Aeronautics  and  Space
                    Administration, Aeronautics and Space Technical
                    Office, Langley Research Center No. 160-75-22
                    7370494
Period:  7/72 to 6/73              Funds:  Unknown

                                 145

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The project conducted by the NASA Langley Research Center is
entitled "A Study of the Chemical Fate and Biological  Consequences
of No. 2 Fuel Oil Spills in Seminatural  Ecosystems."  The study
is continuing with completion planned for January, 1976.

   Reports and Publications

   See Entry R-l74-74 for a list of publications.

Information Source:  E. S. Love, Director for Space, National
                     Aeronautics and Space Administration,
                     Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
                     23665.
R-229-74
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON THE AQUATIC RESOURCES

Principal Investigators:  Snyder, G. R., T. Blahm, J.  Hughes,
                          R. Clark, and C. Sims
Performing Organization:  U.S. Department of Commerce, National
                          Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle,
                          Washington 98102
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Commerce, National  Oceanic
                    and Atmospheric Administration, National
                    Marine Fisheries Service
Period:  7/72 to 6/73              Funds:  $393,000

The project has been completed.  Several more publications,
including a final report,are expected to be released.

   Reports and Publications

   INTERAGENCY INVESTIGATIONS OF A PERSISTENT OIL SPILL ON THE
   WASHINGTON COAST

   Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley.  1973.
   Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
   Oil Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C.  p. 793-808.

   The report describes the preliminary findings of a 10-month
   investigation conducted by an interagency team of scientists
   and engineers on the long-term effects of oil spilled by the
   grounding of a troopship (General M. C. Meigs, 1972) on an
   ocean coast,intertidal fauna! and floral community.  The
   study revealed that n-paraffin hydrocarbons were taken up by
   the plants and animals.  Several plant species and the urchin
   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were seriously affected.
                              146

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PARAFFIN HYDROCARBON PATTERNS IN PETROLEUM POLLUTED MUSSELS

Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley.  1973.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 4(11):172-176.

The paper describes modern analytical techniques used to
detect hydrocarbons in marine organisms at extremely low
concentrations and to estimate the quantity of petroleum
pollution uptake in the organisms.
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS AND FOR
INTERPRETATION OF DATA TO ASSESS OIL SPILL EFFECTS IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS

Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S.  Finley.  1973.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of
Oil Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C.   p.  161-172.

The feasibility of using aquatic organisms which originally
contained biogenic paraffin hydrocarbons as indicators of
petroleum pollution is reported.  The analytical technique
used to isolate and identify  n-paraffin hydrocarbons from
plant, animal, and petroleum  and sediment samples is described.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF OUTBOARD MOTOR EFFLUENT ON TWO MARINE SHELLFISH

Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley.  1974.
Environmental Science and Technology 8(12):1009-1014.

Mussels (Mytilus edulis) exposed to diluted two-cycle  outboard
motor effluent in seawater displayed physiological  stress,
degeneration of gill tissue, and uptake of  paraffin hydro-
carbons from the effluent.  Mussel  response to the  pollutant
was immediate and mortality was delayed significantly  after
removal from the pollutant.  Oysters (Ostrea ida) were less
affected by the pollutant.
TIDAL AQUARIUM FOR LABORATORY STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ON MARINE ORGANISMS

Clark, R. C., Jr., and J.  S.  Finley.   1974.
The Progressive Fish-Culturist 36(3) :134-137.

A laboratory test chamber for studying the effects of an oil
slick on intertidal organisms was constructed.  The test
chamber simulated tidal conditions, was free from extraneous
                              147

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   hydrocarbon contamination,  and could hold a number of small
   intertidal  organisms for short-term (36 to 96 hours)  bioassay
   studies.

Information Source:  G. C.  Snyder, Environmental Conservation
                     Division, Northwest Fisheries  Center,  2725
                     Montlake  Blvd.  East, Seattle,  Washington 98112.
R-230-74
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CONTAMINANTS - EFFECT OF ALTERATIONS IN
THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

Principal Investigator:  Stansby, M. E.
Performing Organization:  U.S.  Department of Commerce,  Environmental
                          Conservation Division, Seattle,
                          Washington 98112
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Commerce, National  Oceanic
                    and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine
                    Fisheries Service, No. FB 1100/2  818  A4
Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:  $305,300

The project is a continuing one.  Additional studies on effects
of oil pollution are included in a subtask entitled, "Contaminant
Effects on Vital Functions."  Work was started in February, 1974,
to examine effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on chemosensory
systems and behavior of salmon, crabs, and shrimp.

   Reports

   PETROLEUM ABSORPTION AND RELEASE AND EFFECTS IN MARINE  ORGANISMS

   Stansby, M. E.  1974.
   Presented at Marine Pollution Monitoring Symposium and  Workshop,
   Gaithersburg,Maryland, May 13-17, 1974.

   Studies have been conducted exploring the manner in which
   petroleum hydrocarbons are picked up, retained, and released
   by marine organisms, especially at the cellular level.   Using
   carbon 14 radioisotopic and spin labeling techniques, it has
   been determined that aromatic hydrocarbons preferentially
   bind to cell surfaces and paraffinic hydrocarbons seek  the
   hydrophobic, lipid-rich cell membrane interior.
   METHODS FOR 'ESTABLISHING LEVELS OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION IN
   ORGANISMS AND SEDIMENT AS RELATED TO MARINE POLLUTION
   MONITORING

   Clark, R. C., Jr.  1974.
   Presented at Marine Pollution Monitoring Symposium and
   Workshop, Gaithersburg,Maryland, May 13-17, 1974.
                                148

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   The accuracy of petroleum analyses of marine organisms is
   discussed with special  reference to background hydrocarbon
   contamination in laboratory chemicals, solvents,  and materials,
   ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ISOLATING AND QUANTIFYING PETROLEUM
   PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ORGANISMS

   Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S.  Finley.  1974.
   Presented at Marine Pollution Monitoring Symposium and
   Workshop, Gaithersburg,Maryland, May 13-17,  1974.

   The use of normal  paraffin hydrocarbons as tracers or
   indicator compounds for petroleum pollution  is  discussed.

Information Source:   N. L.  Karrick, Environmental  Conservation
                     Division, National Marine  Fisheries Service,
                     Northwest Fisheries Center,  2725 Montlake
                     Blvd.  East, Seattle, Washington  98112.
R-231-74
SURVEY OF SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ON BIOTA OF CHRONIC NATURAL EXPOSURE
TO OIL

Principal Investigator:   Straughan, D.
Performing Organization:   University of Southern California,
                          Allan Hancock Foundation,  University
                          Park, Los Angeles,  California 90007
Supporting Agency:   American Petroleum  Institute
Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:   $251,500

   Publications  (Summaries not available)

   SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING BYSSUS THREAD  PRODUCTION IN MYTILUS
   EDULIS (MOLLUSCA BIVALVIA) LINNAEUS, 1758

   Martella,  T.  1974.
   Water, Air and Soil  Pollution 3(2):171-178.
   FIELD SAMPLING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR MARINE ORGANISMS
   AND SEDIMENTS

   Straughan,  D.  1974.
   Presented 10C/WMO Marine Pollution Monitoring  (Petroleum)
   Symposium and Workshop, National  Bureau  of Standards,
   Gaithersburg, Maryland, May 13-17, 1974.
                             149

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INVESTIGATION OF OVICELL HYPERPLASIA IN BRYOZOANS CHRONICALLY
EXPOSED TO NATURAL OIL SEEPAGE

Straughan, D., and D.  M. Lawrence.  1974.
Manuscript.
INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY IN THE RESPONSE OF MYTILUS
CALIFORNIANUS (BIVALVIA) TO CRUDE OIL

Kanter, R.  1975.
Manuscript.
THE ROLE OF SPACE AND TIME ON INTRAPOPULATION REPRODUCTIVE
VARIABILITY IN MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS (CONRAD)

Jessee, W.  1975.
Manuscript.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO OIL

Straughan, D.  1975.
Report to API in draft form.
Additional Publications

THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL:  ECOLOGICAL CHANGES AND NATURAL
OIL LEAKS

Straughan, D., and B. C. Abbott.  1971.
Report on Seminar on Water Pollution by Oil Organized by the
Institute of Water Pollution Control, Aviemore, Scotland,
May, 1970.  p. 257-262.
OIL POLLUTION AND WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES IN THE SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL

Straughan, D.  1971.
Transactions Thirty-Sixth North American Wildlife and Natural
Resources Conference,  p. 219-229.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS RESULTING FROM THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL

Straughan, D.  1972.
Proceedings Navy Oil Spill Control Conference, May 1-4, 1972,
Washington, D.C.  p. 179-192.
                             150

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BIOLOGY OF SEA MUSSELS (MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS CONRAD AND
M. EDULIS LINN.) BEFORE AND AFTER THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL
11969)

Straughan, D., and J. R.  E. Harger.   1972.
Water, Air and Soil Pollution 1:381-388.
BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL OIL SPILL 1969-1970

Straughan, D.  1971.
2 Volumes.  Pub. Allan Hancock Foundation.
A SUMMARY OF THE BENTHOS OFF SANTA BARBARA FOLLOWING THE
JANUARY 1969 OIL SPILL

Fauchald, K.  1972.
California Marine Resources Commission, CalCOFI Report 16:
125-129.
THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILLS IN PERSPECTIVE

Nicholson, N. L.  1972.
California Marine Resources Commission, CalCOFI  Report 16:
130-149.
THE INFLUENCE OF OIL AND DETERGENTS ON RECOLONIZATION IN THE
UPPER INTERTIDAL ZONE

Straughan, D.  1971.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of
Oil Spills, 15-17 June, 1971.   p.  437-440.
EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO OIL ON MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS FROM
DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

Straughan, D., R.  Kanter, and W.  Jessee.   1971.
Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control  of
Oil Spills, 15-17  June, 1971.  p. 437-440.
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CRUDE OIL WITH RESPECT TO SIZE, SEASON AND
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION IN MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS (BIVALVIA)

Kanter, R.  1974.
University of Southern California, Sea Grant Program USC-SG-4-74,
Los Angeles, California.  43 p.
                               151

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   INTERTIDAL MACROBIOLOGY OF SELECTED SANDY BEACHES IN
   SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

   Patterson, M.  1975.
   University of Southern California, Sea Grant Program USC-SG-74.
   Los Angeles, California.  41 p.
   A REINVESTIGATION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ROCKY INTERTIDAL
   BEACHES THREE AND ONE-HALF YEARS AFTER THE 1969 SANTA BARBARA
   OIL SPILL:  A PRELIMINARY REPORT

   Straughan, D., R. Cimberg, and S. Mann.  1973.
   Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
   Oil Spills, 13-15 March, 1973, Washington, D.C.  p. 697-702.
   BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL

   Straughan, D.  1973.
   In:  Santa Barbara Channel Revisited, AAPG Trip 3, 1973.
   Annual Meeting AAPG-SEPM-SEG.  p. 4-16.
   THE  INFLUENCE OF THE SANTA BARBARA OIL SPILL (JANUARY-FEBRUARY,
   1969) ON THE INTERTIDAL DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE ORGANISMS

   Straughan, D.  1973.
   Report presented to the Western Oil and Gas Association.
   TEMPERATURE EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL IN UPPER TIDAL ZONE

   Straughan, D.  1974.
   (Report  in Press)

Information Source:   Dale Straughan,  University of Southern
                     California,  Allan Hancock Foundation,
                     University Park,  Los  Angeles, California
                     90007.
R-233-74
ECOLOGICAL CYCLING OF PETROLEUM DERIVATIVES

Principal Investigators:   Turner, M.  R., R. L.  Ferguson,  and
                          D.  A. Wolfe
Performing Organization:   U.S.  Department of Commerce,  Atlantic
                          Estuarine Fisheries Center,  Beaufort,
                          North Carolina 28516
Supporting Agency:  U.S.  Department of Commerce,  National  Oceanic
                    and Atmospheric Administration,  National
                    Marine Fisheries  Service, No.  R8110303

                                152

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Period:  7/72 to 6/73
              Funds:  $37,200
This project was cancelled in June, 1973.  At that time, the
project was still in developmental stages and only preliminary
data had been obtained.
Information Source:
D. A. Wolfe, Division of Ecology, National
Marine Fisheries Service, Atlantic Estuarine
Fisheries Center, Beaufort, North Carolina
28516
R-235-74
ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF OIL AND OIL DISPERSANTS ON FISH,
SHELLFISH AND OTHER MARINE RESOURCES

Principal Investigator:  Wood, P. C.
Performing Organization:  Ministry of Agriculture, Burnham on
                          Crouch, England
Supporting Agency:  United Kingdom Government
Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:  Unknown

Work related to this topic is still underway under a project
entitled, "The Toxicity of Oils, Oil Dispersants and Mixtures."
The toxicity of new oil dispersant formulations is being assessed
using standard toxicity tests.  Research is also underway on the
toxicity of selected oils and oil dispersant components, the
latter in an attempt to identify the most toxic components.  New
toxicity testing methods and techniques for use with oil and
dispersants are being developed.  The work is being done in
cooperation with the Warren Spring Laboratory which is concerned
with the efficiency of oil cleanup methods.

   Reports and Publications

   THE DONA MARIKA OIL SPILL

   Blackman, R. A. A., J. M. Baker, J. Jelly, and S. Reynard.
   1973.
   Marine Pollution Bulletin 4(12):181-183.

   Information is presented on the damage caused by 3,000 tons of
   gasoline which was spilled when the tanker  Dona Marika  ran
   aground near Wales.  The fauna of Lindsay was adversely
   affected, although there appeared to be no accumulation of
   lead in the waters or gasoline on the rocks one week after the
   spill occurrence.
   FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE TOXICITY OF OIL AND DISPERSANTS

   Connor, P. M.  1972.
   International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Fisheries
   Improvement Committee, C. M.  1972/E:14.

                              153

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   An  apparatus  to  test  the toxicity  of  suspensions of oils  and
   oil-dispersant mixtures was  constructed.  The  toxicity of a
   low toxicity, high  efficiency  oil  dispersant BP 1100X was
   found  to  be greater when kept  in suspension versus standard
   static testing.  Also crude  oil and topped crude oil were
   found  to  increase the toxicity of  suspended BP 1100X.
   THE  TOXICITY  OF  SEVERAL OIL-SPILL  REMOVERS TO  SOME  SPECIES OF
   FISH AND SHELLFISH

   Portmann,  J.  E.,  and  P. M.  Connor.   1968.
   Marine  Biology l(4):322-329.

   The  toxicity  of  12  oil-spill  removers  and detergents  (known  as
   solvent emulsifiers)  on four  marine  shellfish  species were
   examined.   The solvent emulsifiers were  found  to  be highly
   toxic to marine  organisms  and,  if  used in certain areas,  could
   cause high mortalities.  The  solvent fraction  of  the materials
   was  determined to be  the portion responsible for  the  toxicity.
   Toxicity of the  solvent emulsifiers  to marine  animals decreased
   with time,  due to evaporation.
   TOXICITY  TESTING  FOR  RANKING  OILS  AND  OIL  DISPERSANTS

   Wilson,  K.  W.
   Citation  unknown

   Some of  the factors to  be considered  in  establishing a  standard
   technique of toxicity testing for  ranking  oil  dispersants  are
   discussed.
   THE TOXICITY  TESTING  OF  OILS  AND  DISPERSANTS:   A EUROPEAN  VIEW

   Wilson,  K.  W.,  E.  B.  Cowell,  L. R.  Beynon.   1973.
   Proceedings of  Joint  Conference on  Prevention  and  Control  of
   Oil Spills, 13-15  March, 1973, Washington,  D.C.   p.  255-261.

   The European  approach to the  objectives  and problems of testing
   the toxicity  of hydrocarbons  and  dispersants is  reviewed.
   The aims of the toxicity test are given, and toxicity ranking
   tests and ecological  damage prediction tests are compared  and
   discussed.

Information Source:  I.  C.  White, Ministry  of  Agriculture,
                     Fisheries and Food,  Fisheries Laboratory,
                     Remembrance Ave., Burnham on Crouch, Essex,
                     England.
                                154

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2.   PHYSICAL EFFECTS


    R-l25-74
    UTILIZATION OF A TECHNOLOGY  ASSESSMENT  OF  OUTER  CONTINENTAL  SHELF
    OIL  AND GAS OPERATIONS

    Principal  Investigators:   Kash,  D.  E.,  and I.  L.  White
    Performing Organization:   University  of Oklahoma, Graduate School,
                              Norman, Oklahoma 73069
    Supporting Agency:   U.S.  National Science  Foundation, Research
                        Applications Direct.,  No.  GI-29942 A#3
    Period:   12/73 to 9/74             Funds:   $38,600

    The  study under Grant GI-29942 was  completed and  the book, Energy
    Under the Oceans:  A Technology  Assessment of  Outer Continental
    Shelf Oil  and  Gas Operation, was published by  the University of
    Oklahoma Press, September, 1973.

      Publications

      ENERGY UNDER THE OCEANS:   A SUMMARY  REPORT  OF A TECHNOLOGY
      ASSESSMENT  OF OCS OIL  AND GAS OPERATIONS

      University  of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma.  1973.

      A 20-month  study was conducted in  which the Technology
      Assessment  Group of the Science  and  Public  Policy Program at
      the University of Oklahoma assessed  the social impacts and
      public policy issues related  to  OCS  technologies, management
      and regulations.   As a result of the study, the Group recom-
      mended changes in government  policy  and administration,
       industry management, and  technologies to make  OCS development
      safer and less environmentally threatening.   The recommendations
      are discussed.

    Information Source:   D. E. Kash, Science and Public Policy Program,
                         University  of  Oklahoma, 601  Elm Ave., Norman,
                         Oklahoma 73069.
    R-127-74
    A STUDY OF  THE  HYDROGRAPHY AND  WIND-INDUCED  CURRENTS  IN  EASTERN
    PRINCE WILLIAM  SOUND

    Principal  Investigator:  Muench,  R.
    Performing  Organization:  University of Alaska,  Institute of
                             Marine  Sciences, College, Alaska 99735
    Supporting  Agency:  U.S. Department of Commerce,  National Oceanic
                       and Atmospheric Administration, Sea  Grant
                       Office No.  1-36109
    Period:   9/72 to  8/73              Funds:  $51,600
                                  155

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A report on the physical oceanographic data obtained in Prince
William Sound during 1971-1974 is presently in its final stages of
preparation.  The report will be submitted to the University
of Alaska Sea Grant Program and will eventually be made available
through NTIS or as a Sea Grant report.  An M.S. thesis should
result from this work by summer, 1975.

Information Source:  R. D. Muench, Institute of Marine Science,
                     Physical Oceanography, University of Alaska,
                     Fairbanks, Alaska 99701.
                                156

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3.  ECONOMIC EFFECTS


    R-237-74
    EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION ON FISH EATING  QUALITIES

    Principal  Investigator:   Wood,  P.  C.
    Performing Organization:  Ministry of Agriculture,  Burnham on
                              Crouch,  England
    Supporting Agency:   United Kingdom Government
    Period:  7/72 to 6/73              Funds:   Unknown

    The work has been discontinued.   Any  similar work in  the  future
    will be carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries
    and Food Laboratory, Torry Research Station, Aberdeen.

    Information Source:  I.  C. White,  Ministry  of  Agriculture,
                         Fisheries  and Food, Fisheries  Laboratory,
                         Remembrance Ave., Burnham on Crouch,  Essex,
                         England.
                               157

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4.  GENERAL EFFECTS


    R-238-74
    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
    ON GEORGES BANK

    Principal Investigator:  Knebel,  H.  J.
    Performing Organization:   U.S.  Department of the Interior,
                              Geological Survey, Woods Hole,
                              Massachusetts 02543
    Supporting Agency:  U.S.  Department  of  the Interior,  Geological
                        Survey, Geological  Division, No.  9810-00973
    Period:  7/72 to 6/73              Funds:  Unknown

       Rejgorts and Publications

       MOVEMENT AND EFFECTS OF SPILLED OIL  OVER THE OUTER CONTINENTAL
       SHELF - INADEQUACY OF EXISTENT DATA  FOR THE BALTIMORE  CANYON
       TROUGH  AREA

       Knebel, H. J.  1974.
       Geological Survey Circular 702.  17  p.

       A deductive approach is used in an effort to determine and
       predict the movement and effects  of  spilled oil.  While some
       factors that determine oil movement  are adequately known
       (i.e. variations in the water's thermohaline structure and
       suspended matter distribution), other factors (i.e. insufficient
       wind and storm statistics and  lack of quantitative understanding
       of the relationship between nontidal drift and its driving
       mechanisms) make spill movements  and predictions unreliable.
       RESPONSIBILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS OF THE U.S.
       GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE BALTIMORE CANYON TROUGH AREA

       Knebel, H. J., and N. Hardin.  1974.
       Proceedings of the Outer Continental Shelf Conference and
       Workshop on Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil
       and Gas Development in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the
       Mid-Atlantic Coast, College Park, Maryland, December 2-4, 1974.

       The responsibilities of the U.S. Geological Survey as they are
       related to the continental shelf are summarized.  Past and
       present UCGS studies in the Baltimore Canyon Trough are
       outlined.

    Information Source:  H. J. Knebel, U.S. Department of the Interior,
                         Geological Survey, Office of Marine Geology,
                         Bldg. B, Quissett Campus, Woods Hole,
                         Massachusetts 02543.
                                  158

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D.   OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION

    1.   OIL HANDLING


        R-l37-74
        MARAD OILY WASTE STUDY 2-3602

        Principal Investigators:   Fruh,  S.  M.,  and R.  R.  Bertrand
        Performing Organization:   Esso Research and Engineering Co.,
                                  Linden,  New Jersey 07036
        Supporting Agency:   Frederic R.  Harris, Inc.
        Period:   7/73 to 6/74              Funds:   Unknown

        The Mar Ad-sponsored study entitled,  "Port Collection and
        Separation Facilities for Oily Wastes," has been  completed.
        To date, five volumes of  findings  have  been published and
        are available through the National  Technical Information
        Service (Accession  No. COM-73-11967).

           Reports

           PORT COLLECTION  AND SEPARATION  FACILITIES FOR  OILY WASTES:
           VOLUME 5.  A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS  OF CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM
           PLANS FOR THE SURVEYED PORTS  UNDER THE  'NO DISCHARGE1,
           '1969 AMENDMENTS' AND  'NO SHEEN1 CRITERIA

           Forster, R. L.,  et al.  1973.
           NTIS Report COM-74-10012/4WP  Vol. 5, 470 p.

           The report identifies  the different  wastes that are brought
           into selected ports by military shipping and provides
           estimates of waste quantities in the seas for  1975 and 1980.
           Designs for oil  waste-handling  facilities are  presented and
           the roles of government and impact of shipping are evaluated.

        Information Source:  S. M.  Fruh, Government Research  Laboratory,
                             Exxon Research and Engineering Company,
                             P.O. Box 8, Linden, New Jersey 07036.


        R-242-74
        A STUDY ON PORT COLLECTION AND SEPARATION  FACILITIES  FOR OILY
        WASTE

        Principal Investigator:   Moyer,  E.
        Performing Organization:   Frederick R.  Harris, Inc.,  New York,
                                  New York 10017
        Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Department of  Commerce,  Maritime
                            Administration No.  035933
        Period:  7/72 to 6/73              Funds:   $645,393
                                  159

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   Reports

   PORT COLLECTION AND  SEPARATION FACILITIES  FOR OILY  WASTES,
   VOLUME V

   Forster, R.  L., J.  E.  Moyer,  and C.  G.  Papacosta.   1973.
   Final  Report to Supporting  Agency 6/1/73 to  8/31/73.
   Report No.  MA-RD-900-74010

   Identifications were made of  types of oil  wastes  brought  into
   selected ports by non-military shipping.   Quantity  estimates
   as they related to different  (present and  future) environmental
   laws were made.  Conceptual designs with cost analysis  were
   devised for oil waste  handling and treatment in these selected
   ports.  Governmental roles, shipping impact, and  entrepreneurial
   viability were discussed.

Information Source:  Frederick R. Harris,  Inc., Consulting
                     Engineers,  300 East 42nd St., New York,
                     New  York  10017.
                               160

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2.   WASTE WATER TREATMENT


    R-156-74
    ULTRAFILTRATION CONCEPT

    Principal  Investigator:  Unknown
    Performing Organization:   Abcor Incorporated,  Cambridge,
                              Massachusetts  02139
    Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Department of Transportation,  Coast
                        Guard, Contract No.  025449
    Period:   7/73 to 6/74              Funds:   Unknown

    As a result of the  research study,  a 10  gpm system has  been built
    and is presently undergoing preliminary  shake-down tests.

    Information Source:   A. Gollan, Environmental  Technology  and
                         Development,  Walden Research  Division  of
                         Abcor, Inc.,  201  Vassar St.,  Cambridge,
                         Massachusetts  02139.
                                 161

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3.   RESEARCH


    R-158-74
    JOINT EPA-API COAST GUARD CONFERENCE ON PREVENTION  AND CONTROL
    OF OIL SPILLS

    Principal Investigator:   Gould, J.  R.
    Performing Organization:   American  Petroleum Institute, Washington,
                              D.C.  20006
    Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency,  Office
                        of Research and Development No,. 800597,
                        72P15971
    Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:   Unknown

    The conference was  held in 1973 and the project is  completed.   The
    "Proceedings" of this conference is available from  the American
    Petroleum Institute's Publications  Section as publication  No.  4172
    ($15.00 per copy).

    Information Source:  J.  R. Gould, Division of Environmental  Affairs,
                         American Petroleum Institute,  1801 K  Street,
                         Northwest, Washington, D.C.  20006.
    R-l63-74
    SURFACE WATER MOVEMENTS IN NEW YORK HARBOR

    Principal Investigator:  Tyler, J.
    Performing Organization:   Long Island University, Graduate School,
                              Greenvale, New York 11548
    Supporting Agency:  U.S.  Department of Transportation, Coast
                        Guard, Contract 038155
    Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:  Unknown

       Reports

       A TECHNIQUE FOR PREDICTING THE MOVEMENT OF OIL SPILLS IN
       NEW YORK HARBOR

       Lissauer, I. M.  1974.
       Final Report, No. CER/DC-8/74, USCG-D-6-75.  59 p.

       The following topics are reviewed in the report:  New York
       Harbor experiments, factors determining the movement of oil
       spills, and potential  oil pollution sites - Upper New York
       Bay.
                                  162

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   A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF OIL  SPREADING  AND TRANSPORT
   AND ITS APPLICATION FOR PREDICTING OIL SLICK MOVEMENT IN  BAYS

   Wang, S.,  L-S.  Hwang.   1974.
   Final Report,  No. USCG-D-22-75.   NTIS Report AD-780 424/8WP.
   115 p.

   The paper  reports the development of a computer model  for
   simulating oil  spreading and  transport at the air-water
   interface.  The model, able to predict the size, shape and
   movement of oil as a function of time after a spill  originates,
   is a useful tool  in directing effective  control  and cleanup
   activities once an oil spill  occurs.
   WIND DRIFT SURFACE CURRENTS AND SPREAD  OF  CONTAMINANTS  IN
   SHELF WATERS

   Gordon,  A.  L.,  and R.  D.  Gerard.   1973.
   Final Report,  No.  USCG-D-5-75,  Contract DOT-CG-23339-A.  65  p.

   Oil  spilt on the sea  responds  to  the  basic velocity  field
   of the upper few meters  of  water.   In an effort  to better
   understand the  fate and  behavior  of oil  pollution, experiments
   were conducted  from July, 1972  to February,  1973, to study
   the  velocity field in  the upper few meters of  the water  column
   in the area of  Ambrose Tower.   Methods  used  in the study are
   given.

Information Source:   S.  Broida , address  unknown.
                               163

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E.   FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT

    1.   BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION


        R-062-74
        BIOLOGICAL COUNTERMEASURES TO MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS
        MATERIAL SPILLS

        Principal Investigators:   Armstrong, N.,  and T.  H. Roush
        Performing Organization:   University of Texas, School of Engineering,
                                  Austin, Texas 78712
        Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office
                            of Research and Development, No.  72P20581
        Period:  7/72 to 6/73                Funds:   $85,390

        The project is approximately 50% completed and is due to end
        February, 1976.  Progress reports have been  submitted to the
        granting agency and one paper has been presented at the 1974
        National Conference on Control of Hazardous  Material  Spills.

           Reports

           BIOLOGICAL COUNTERMEASURES FOR THE MITIGATION OF HAZARDOUS
           MATERIAL SPILLS

           Armstrong, N. E., 0. Wyss, E. F. Gloyna,  and V. C. Behn.
           1974.
           Presented at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
           Conference on Control  of Hazardous Material Spills, August,
           1974, San Francisco.

           The objective of the study is to investigate the feasibility
           of using microbiological processes to mitigate hazardous
           material spills  in water courses.  Conclusions drawn from
           the early stages of the work indicate that biological counter-
           measures are potential countermeasures because of  the following:
           effectiveness of microorganisms in removing certain hazardous
           spills, the existence of microorganisms which attack a  variety
           of hazardous materials, the feasibility of deploying micro-
           organisms in situ, and previous use of microorganisms to
           degrade oil in oil spills and treat industrial wastes.

        Information Source:  N. E. Armstrong, College of Engineering,
                             University of Texas at Austin, Austin,
                             Texas 78712.
                                     164

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R-073-74
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS AS NUTRIENTS LIMITING BIODEGRADATION

Principal Investigator:  Brock, T.  D.
Performing Organization:  University of Wisconsin, School  of
                          Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin  53706
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of
                    Water Resource  Research, No. A-054-WIS
Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:   $2,500

The project is an ongoing one with  several  publications resulting
from the study.  Research has been  concerned with nutrient
limitation of oil biodegradation in 25 oligotrophic lakes  in
northern Wisconsin.  It has been found that, despite the presence
of oil-degrading microorganisms in  these systems, rates of hydro-
carbon metabolism are severely nutrient limited.

   Reports and Publications

   TEMPERATURE AND NUTRIENT LIMITATION OF  OIL BIODEGRADATION IN
   LAKE MENDOTA, WISCONSIN

   Ward, D., and T. D. Brock
   Summary of work completed.

   In studies determining the rate  at which microorganisms
   indigenous to surface waters of  Lake Mendota were able  to
   degrade oil, results indicated that the rate of oil  degradation
   varied seasonally due to limitation by  low temperature  in
   spring and fall, and low nutrient availability during mid-
   summer.  Maximal oil degradation rates  of microorganisms
   existed for about one month in late spring of the year.
   CHARACTERIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF OIL-DEGRADING BACTERIA IN
   THE SURFACE WATERS OF LAKE MENDOTA, WISCONSIN

   Ward, D. M.  1973.
   M.S. Thesis, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin,

   Summary not available.
   TEMPERATURE AND NUTRIENT LIMITATION OF OIL BIODEGRADATION IN
   LAKE MENDOTA, WISCONSIN

   Ward, D. M., and T. D. Brock.   1974.
   American Society of Microbiology, Proceedings.

   Summary not available.
                                165

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   FACTORS AFFECTING SEASONAL VARIATION IN OIL BIODEGRADATION
   RATES IN LAKE MENDOTA, WISCONSIN

   Ward, D. M., and T.  D. Brock.   1974.
   Presented at 37th Annual  Meeting of the American  Society of
   Limnology and Oceanography, June 23-27, 1974.

   Summary not available.

Information Source:  D. Ward, Department of Bacteriology,
                     University of Wisconsin,  1550 Linden Dr.,
                     Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
R-080-74
NAVY ENVIRONMENT:  MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Principal Investigator:  Col well, R. R.
Performing Organization:  University of  Maryland, School of
                          Agriculture, College Park, Maryland 20742
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Defense, Navy, DN 223667,
                    Contract N-0014-67-A-0239-0027
Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:  $29,175

The project is currently active with several publications resulting
from the study.

   Reports and Publications

   MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

   Colwell, R. R., J. Walker, and J. Robinson.  1973.
   Progress Report to Office of Naval Research, ONR Report
   ACR-189.

   Marine and estuarine bacteria capable of utilizing hydrocarbons
   are being investigated, their seasonal distributions in
   Chesapeake Bay analyzed, and their petroleum degrading isolates
   identified and classified.  Fungal isolates are also being1
   identified.  Other areas of study include bacterial taxonomy,
   ultrastructure, chemical composition  and reaction to pressure.
   MICROBIAL MOBILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS IN ESTUARIES

   Colwell, R. R., J. D. Nelson, and J. D. Walker.  1974.
   Second International Estuarine Research Conference, Myrtle
   Beach, South Carolina (in press).

   Summary not available.
                               166

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GROWTH OF DEEP-SEA BACTERIA ON A PETROLEUM-BASED MEDIUM AT
AMBIENT AND JN. SITU PRESSURE

Schwarz, J. R., 0. D. Walker, and R. R. Colwell.  1974.
Development in Industrial Microbiology 15:239-249.

Summary not available.
DEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS AND "MODEL PETROLEUM" BY MICRO-
ORGANISMS FROM CHESAPEAKE BAY

Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell.  1974.
Seventh International Conference on Water Pollution Research,
Paris, France.  Advanced Water Pollution Research.  (In Press)

Summary not available.
MERCURY-RESISTANT BACTERIA AND PETROLEUM DEGRADATION

Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell.  1974.
Applied Microbiology 27(1):285-287.

Oil extracted from water and sediment samples from Colgate
Creek, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, contained high levels of
mercury.  Mercury-resistant bacteria in the samples were
able to degrade the oil to a significant degree.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF MODEL PETROLEUM AT LOW TEMPERATURES

Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell.  1974.
Journal of Microbial Ecology 1:59-91.

Summary not available.
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF PETROLEUM UTILIZATION IN CHESAPEAKE BAY

Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell.
No citation given.

The numbers of petroleum degrading microorganisms measured
in petroleum polluted and non-polluted waters appeared to
be related to the concentration of oil present.
                            167

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MICROBIAL PETROLEUM DEGRADATION:  USE OF MIXED HYDROCARBON
SUBSTRATES

Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell.   1974.
Applied Microbiology 27(6):1053-1060.

The microbial degradation potential for microorganisms is
evaluated using gas-liquid chromatography on a mixed hydro-
carbon substrate (SAE non-detergent motor oil).  Other methods
of determining the extent of microbial degradation of hydro-
carbons are discussed.
EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS FROM OIL-CONTAMINATED
SEDIMENTS

Walker, J. D., R. R. Colwell, M. C. Hamming, and H. T. Ford.
1974.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.  (In
Press)

Summary not available.
OTHER FACTORS DETERMINING LIFE EXPECTANCY OF MICROORGANISMS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Walker, J. D., and L. G. Guarraia.  1974.
International Symposium on Discharge of Sewage from Sea Outfalls,
London, England.  (In Press)

Summary not available.
Abstracts (Summaries not available)

MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN THE ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM

Colwell, R. R., J. F. Carney, T. Kaneko, J. D. Nelson, and
J. D. Walker.  1974.
First Intersectional Congress of International Association of
Microbiological Societies, Tokyo, Japan.
GROWTH OF DEEP-SEA BACTERIA ON A PETROLEUM-BASED MEDIUM AT
AMBIENT AND  LN_ SITU PRESSURE

Schwarz, J.  R., J. D. Walker, and R. R. Colwell.  1973.
Society of Industrial Microbiology Newsletter 23(4):16.
                              168

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   HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION BY OCEAN SEDIMENT BACTERIA

   Walker, J. D., 0.  J. Calomiris, and R.  R.  Colwell.  1974.
   Abstracts of Annual Meeting of the American Society of
   Microbiology, Chicago, Illinois,  p.  64.
Information Source:
R. R. Colwell, Division of Agricultural
Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology,
University of Maryland, College Park,
Maryland 20742.
R-084-74
NAVY ENVIRONMENT:  BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Principal Investigator:  Fair, J.
Performing Organization:  Houston  Research Incorporated,  Houston,
                          Texas 77012
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Defense, Navy DN223520,
                    Contract N00014-72-C-0471
Period:  7/72 to 6/73              Funds:  $48,949

The projects for the Office of Naval  Research have been completed.

   Reports

   THE BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS

   Fair, J. F.   1971.
   Final Report, HR Project No. 7140

   Work was initiated to determine the feasibility of using cell-
   free bacterial extracts for emulsifying and oxidizing  petroleum
   hydrocarbons.  The results of oxygen-uptake studies and total
   organic carbon analyses have indicated that cell-free   extracts
   have greater emulsifying and oxidative effects than intact
   microbial cells.
   BIODEGRADATION OF OIL

   Sedita, S. J.  1973.
   Technical Report

   The study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using
   partially disrupted microorganisms in conjunction with intact
   cells to increase the oxidative degradation of hydrocarbons.
   Various combinations of organisms were tested to find cultures
   which were effective in degrading  Bunker C residual fuel  oil.
Information Source:
J. H. Russell, Houston Research, Inc.,
South Loop East, Houston, Texas 77012.

           169
7705

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R-086-74
NAVY ENVIRONMENT:  ENZYMATIC REMOVAL OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Principal Investigator:  Friede, J.  D.
Specialty:               Biology
Performing Organization:   Villanova  University, School of Liberal
                          Arts, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085
Supporting Agency:  U.S.  Department  of Defense, Navy DN223772,
                    Contract N00014-73-C-0186
Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:   $15,000

The Navy project was just completed, with  the contract period
ending October 31, 1974.

   Reports

   THE ISOLATION AND CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
   MICROBIAL EMULSIFYING  AGENTS FOR  HYDROCARBONS

   Friede, J. D.  1974.
   Final Report, November 1, 1972 -  October, 1974, to Office of
   Naval Research.  Contract No. N00014-73-C-0186, Project No.
   NR 306-089.

   Several techniques for partial fractionating were used on the
   emulsifying agents produced by two Candida strains and one
   Pseudomonas strain.  Various difficulties were encountered
   obtaining samples from the Candida strains; however, two of
   the components obtained from Pseudomonas appeared to be
   relatively simple in composition.  Emulsifying agent production
   did not appear to be a specific response and it was concluded
   that emulsifiers might be fragments of  overproduced cell
   components or fragments extracted from  the cell by hydrocarbons.

Information Source:  J. D. Friede, Villanova University, Villanova,
                     Pennsylvania 19085.
R-216-74
THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Principal Investigator:  Gibson, D. T.
                         Microbiology
Performing Organization:  University of Texas, School of Natural
                          Sciences, Austin, Texas 78712
Supporting Agency:  Robert A. Welch Foundation
Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:  $15,000
                                170

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   Reports and Publications

   BACTERIAL METABOLISM OF PARA- AND META-XYLENE:   OXIDATION OF
   A METHYL SUBSTITUTE

   Davey, J. F.5 and D. T. Gibson.   1975.
   Journal of Bacteriology 119(3):923-929.

   The isolation and identification of 3-  and 4-methylcatechol
   as intermediates in the bacterial (Pseudomonas  gxy)  degradation
   of m- and jD-xylene, respectively, are described.


   THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

   Gibson, D. T.  1974.
   Annual Report No. 1, Office of Naval  Research,  Contract
   N00014-67-A-0126-0020.   Task No. NR 306-054.   63 p.

   Efforts to investigate  the mechanisms utilized  by soil
   bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) to oxidize ortho-, meta-  and
   para-xylene are described.
   INITIAL REACTIONS IN THE OXIDATION OF ETHYLBENZENE  BY
   PSEUDOMONAS PUTI DA

   Gibson, D.  T.,  B. Gschwendt,  W.  K. Yeh,  and V.  M.  Kobal.   1973.
   Biochemistry 12(8):1520-1528.

   Oxygenation of  ethylbenzene is  reported  to  occur at positions
   2 and 3 of  the  aromatic nucleus  in an analogous manner to that
   reported for toluene and its  parahalogenated derivatives.
   Also described  is the minor metabolic pathway involving  initial
   oxidation of the side chain.
   BACTERIAL METABOLISM OF PARA- AND META-XYLENE:   OXIDATION OF
   THE AROMATIC RING

   Gibson,  D.  T.,  V. Mahadevan,  and  J.  F.  Davey.   1974.
   Journal  of Bacteriology 119(3):930-936.

   Described are the isolation and  identification  of  the  initial
   oxidation products formed from JD- and m-xylene  by  Pseudomonas
   putida 39/D, a  mutant strain  known to oxidize several  different
   aromatic hydrocarbons to cis-dihydrodiols.

Information Source:   D. T. Gibson, The  University  of  Texas  at
                     Austin, Austin, Texas  78712.
                               171

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2.   GENERAL


    R-l60-74
    FATE OF OIL IN A WATER ENVIRONMENT - A REVIEW,  EVALUATION AND
    BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE

    Principal Investigator:   Kolpack, R. L.
    Performing Organization:   University of  Southern California,
                              Graduate School,  Los  Angeles,
                              California 90007
    Supporting Agency:   American Petroleum Institute
    Period:  7/73 to 6/74              Funds:   $100,000

    The project is in the second phase of development and no
    publications are presently available.

    Information Source:  R.  L. Kolpack, University  of Southern
                         California, Environmental  Geology Program,
                         Los  Angeles, California 90007.
                                 172

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F.   LEGAL ASPECTS OF OIL POLLUTION


    R-244-74
    LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

    Principal  Investigator:  Unknown
    Performing Organization:   Environmental  Defense Fund,  Riverhead,  New
                              York
    Supporting Agency:   Ford Foundation
    Period:   7/72 to 6/73                   Funds:  Unknown

    The Environmental  Defense Fund is a small  coalition of lawyers and
    scientists who seek the enforcement of environmental  protection laws
    and regulations through court action based on scientific  research.
    The Defense Fund has not been involved in  any cases involving oil
    spill events nor produced any oil pollution research.

    Information Source:  N. H.  Watson, Environmental  Defense  Fund,
                         162 Old Town Road,  East Setauket, New York 11733.
                                    173

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                  SECTION III.   CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS

A.  OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION

    1.  MONITORING


        R-245-74
        FATE, SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM DERIVED
        ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

        Principal Investigator:  Anderson, J.  W.
        Performing Organization:  Texas A & M University System,
                                  Center for Marine Resources, College
                                  Station, Texas 77843
        Supporting Agency:  IDOE
        Period:  3/73 to 2/75                Funds:  $103,000

        The study's objective is to determine levels of light hydro-
        carbons in the ocean and coastal zone and relate them to
        petroleum inputs from harbor and Gulf oil operations.  The
        toxic effects of a range of specific hydrocarbons on selected
        marine and estuarine organisms will also be studied.

        Biological effects of oil pollution

        Information Source:  Author.
        R-246-74
        MONITORING CONTAMINANTS (PESTICIDES, HERBICIDES, HEAVY METALS)
        IN FRESHWATER AND MARINE FISHES OF ALASKA

        Principal Investigators:  Merrell, T. R., and H. Sears
        Performing Organization:  U.S. Department of Commerce, Auke Bay
                                  Fisheries Laboratory, P.O. Box 155,
                                  Auke Bay, Alaska 99821
        Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Commerce, National
                            Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
                            National Marine Fisheries Service, No. 28189072
        Period:  7/72 to 6/73                Funds:  $38,000

        The aim of the study is to monitor contaminant levels in Alaskan
        fishes.  As a part of the research effort, areas having natural
        oil seeps have been catalogued through consultation and literature
        surveys.

        SSIE No.:  ZBP-401.
                                   174

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2.   REMOTE SENSING


    R-010-74 (Renewal)
    OIL SPILL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM

    Principal Investigator:  Eldering, H.  G.
    Performing Organization:   Baird Atomic Incorporated, Bedford,
                              Massachusetts
    Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency, Office
                        of Research and Development,  No. 68-01-0146.
                        Contract 72P20868
    Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:   Unknown

    The project proposes to develop a prototype fluorescence oil
    spill  surveillance  instrument based on fluorescence excitation/
    emission signatures and emission efficiency data  on model oils.

    SSIE No.:  GMA-1630-2.
                                175

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3.  ANALYSIS

    R-247-74
    ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANT TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION ON THE SEA SURFACE

    Principal Investigator:  Duce, R. A.
                             Oceanography
    Performing Organization:  University of Rhode Island, School of
                              Oceanography, Administration Building,
                              Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
    Supporting Agency:  U.S. National Science Foundation, Division
                        of National and International Programs
    Period:  2/75 to 1/76               Funds:  $154,550

    Atmospheric samples and seawater samples from the surface micro-
    layer from areas near Bermuda, Hawaii and American Samoa will
    be analyzed for heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons and
    chlorinated hydrocarbons in an effort to measure atmospheric
    transport of pollutants to open ocean surfaces.

    SSIE No.:  GSN-949-3.
    R-026-74  (Renewal)
    THE FEASIBILITY OF IDENTIFYING MYSTERY OIL SPILLS

    Principal  Investigator:  Hunt, G. S.
    Performing Organization:  State Department of Environmental
                              Protection, Augusta, Maine
    Supporting Agency:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
                        Office of Research and Development, No. 801006
    Period:   7/74 to 6/75               Funds:  Unknown

    A feasibility study is being conducted to determine whether oil
    spilled in coastal and inland waters can be identified.  Samples
    of spills will be compared chemically and physically with oil
    samples taken from ships (oil from ships sampled in accordance
    with the  State of Maine's Oil Conveyance Law).

    SSIE No.:  GMA-1646-2.
    R-248-74
    STUDY TO CONDUCT A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF NONPOINT POLLUTION

    Principal  Investigators: McElroy, A. D., 0. W. Nelogen, and
                             S. Y. Chiu
    Performing Organization: Midwest Research Institute, 425 Volker
                             Blvd., Kansas City, Missouri 64110
    Supporting Agency:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
                        of Research and Development
                                 176

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A quantitative nation-wide assessment of nonpoint pollution
from various significant sources will be compiled.  Oil  is
included in the pollutants to be studied.

SSIE No.:  GMA-1834.
R-249-74
EXTRACTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM NATURAL WATERS

Principal Investigators:  Wasik, S. P., and R. N. Boyd
Performing Organization:  U.S.  Department of Commerce, National
                          Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
                          20234
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Commerce, National  Bureau
                    of Standards, Washington, D.C., No. 3160141
Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:  $35,000

An analytical method has been developed for the determination of
hydrocarbons in the marine environment.  This technique will
facilitate determination of solubilities and partition coefficients
of hydrocarbons in natural waters, sediments, fish slime and
plankton.

SSIE No.:  ZBA-6173.
R-250-74
ANALYTICAL PHYSICAL MODEL

Principal Investigator:  White, F. M.
                         Ocean Engineering
Performing Organization:  University of Rhode Island, School  of
                          Engineering, Administration Building,
                          Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Commerce, National  Oceanic
                   .and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
                   ' Office
Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:  $7,315

The objectives of the project for 1974-75 are:  to extend a new
finite element model to prediction of pollutant diffusion in
Narragansett Bay, and to continue efforts to develop a  new model
of sediment transport in coastal waters.   Simulation of oil-spill
movements in the Bay was one of the previous applications of
analytical physical models.

SSIE No.:  GBP-49-4.
                              177

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B.   OIL POLLUTION CONTROL

    1.   CONTAINMENT


        R-251-74
        WAVE EFFECTS ON THE CONTAINMENT AND COLLECTION OF OIL SLICKS

        Principal Investigator:   Milgram, J.  H.
        Performing Organization:   Massachusetts  Institute of Technology,
                                  School of Engineering, Cambridge,
                                  Massachusetts  02139
        Supporting Agency:   U.S.  National Science Foundation, Divison of
                            Engineering, Eng  72-03943 A03
        Period:   10/74 to 3/76              Funds:  $44,300

        Research areas of a study on fluid dynamics of oil  slicks include
        the following:  low turbulence flume  construction;  the effects
        of waterwaves on oil  slick transport  and barrier contained oil
        slick geometry in a current; and barrier contained  oil slick
        interfacial stability in  a current.

        SSIE No.:  GSE-4654-1.
                                  178

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2.   CLEANUP AND RECOVERY


    R-054-74 (Renewal)
    JOINT API-EPA-USCG  CONFERENCE ON PREVENTION  AND CONTROL  OF OIL
    SPILLAGE

    Principal  Investigator:   Gould,  J.  R.
    Performing Organization:   American  Petroleum Institute,  Washington,
                              D.C.  20006
    Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency,  Office
                        of Research  and Development, No.  800597,
                        72P19571
    Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:   Unknown

    A three-day conference is to  be  convened  to  deal with  the  following:
    prevention, containment,  harvesting, cleanup,  and  fate and behavior
    of oil  in  water.

    SSIE No.:   GMA-1666-2.
    R-252-74
    OIL SKIMMING

    Principal  Investigators:   Grutsch,  J.  F.,  and  R.  C. Mallatt
    Performing Organization:   Standard  Oil  Co.  of  Indiana,  200 E.
                              Randolph  Dr.,  Chicago,  Illinois 60601
    Supporting Agency:   Standard  Oil  Co. of  Indiana
    Period:   1/74 to 1/75               Funds:   Unknown

    A special  vortex generator which  collects  oil  on  the  surface  of
    water is being used  in  a  project  to provide improved  collecting
    and skimming methods for  oil  recovery.   A  prototype has  been
    constructed.

    SSIE No.:   AW-540.
    R-253-74
    PHASE  REMOVAL  PROCESS

    Principal  Investigators:   Grutsch,  J.  F.,  and  R.  C. Mallatt
    Performing Organization:   Standard  Oil  Co.  of  Indiana,  200 E.
                              Randolph  Dr.,  Chicago,  Illinois 60601
    Supporting Agency:   Standard  Oil  Co. of  Indiana
    Period:   1/74  to  1/75                Funds:   Unknown

    A  proprietary  apparatus,  incorporating  a novel design and
    providing  improved  oil  and  solid  separation from  water,  is being
    investigated.   The  apparatus  has  been  constructed.

    SSIE No.:   AW-538.

                                 179

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R-254-74
DEMONSTRATION OF NEW OIL SPILL REMOVAL EQUIPMENT

Principal Investigator:  Trentacoste, N.  P.
Performing Organization:  JRB Associates  Incorporated, 1701  N.
                          Fort Myer Dr.,  Arlington, Virginia
                          22209
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
                    of Research and Development, No. 68-03-0327,
                    Contract 72P21699
Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:   Unknown

A method of picking up oil on water is being developed in which
a directed air jet is used to create an oil/water spray.   The
spray is directed toward a rotating belt  of  hydrophobic,  oleo-
philic polyurethane foam from which the oil  is squeezed.

SSIE No.:  GMA-1721-1.
R-254-74
TEST AND EVALUATION PROGRAM OF A NOVEL HIGH VELOCITY OIL SLICK
SKIMMER

Principal Investigator:  Unknown
Performing Organization:  Hydronautics Incorporated, 7210 Pindell
                          School Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20810
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Transportation, Coast
                    Guard
Period:  7/73 to 6/74               Funds:  $21,460

An evaluation program is being conducted on a novel high velocity
oil slick skimmer developed by Hydronautics.

SSIE No.:  GZ-48617.
                               180

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C.   EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION

    1.   BIOLOGICAL


        R-255-74
        FIELD STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE  ORGANISMS

        Principal  Investigator:   Anderson, J.  W.
        Performing Organization:  Texas A & M  University System,  Center
                                  for Marine Resources,  College Station,
                                  Texas 77843
        Supporting Agency:   American Petroleum Institute
        Period:  3/74 to 12/75              Funds:   $234,000

        The chronic effects  of petroleum hydrocarbons  on marine organisms
        have been  studied,  and an additional phase of  research  will  be
        conducted  to determine the effects of  contamination  on  organism
        populations at various distances from  a contamination source in
        Galveston  Bay.   Water, sediment and tissue samples will  be
        carefully  analyzed  for hydrocarbon characteristics.

        Information Source:   Author.
        R-256-74
        AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL STUDIES IN MACKENZIE-PORCUPINE RIVER  WATERSHED
        WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GAS AND OIL PIPELINE  DEVELOPMENT

        Principal  Investigators:   Brunskill,  G.,  R.  Wageman,  N.  B.  Snow,
                                  and D.  M. Rosenberg
        Performing Organization:   Canadian Department of the  Environment,
                                  Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
        Supporting Agency:  Canadian  Government,  Department of the
                            Environment
        Period:  7/74 to 6/75              Funds:   Unknown

        "To assist the Federal Government in  assessing  application  for
        pipeline,  effects of highway, and other pipeline related con-
        struction  and operation;  to assess ranges of variation of benthic
        organism abundances, biomasses, and productivity; to  assess ranges
        of variation of physical  and  chemical  parameters that influence
        the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms."

        SSIE No.:   AK-69-3.
                                   181

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R-257-74
BENTHIC BIOLOGY OF PORT VALDEZ

Principal Investigators:  Feder, H.  M.,  and G.  Mueller
Performing Organization:  University of  Alaska, Institute of
                          Marine Sciences, Fairbanks, Alaska
                          99701
Supporting Agency:  University of Alaska
Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:  Unknown

"Baseline data on benthic biology"

SSIE No.:  AW-795.
R-085-74 (Renewal)
THE SEDIMENT ENVIRONMENT OF PORT VALDEZ AND GALENA BAY, ALASKA
AND THE EFFECT OF OIL ON THIS ECOSYSTEM

Principal Investigator:  Feder, H. M.
Performing Organization:  University of Alaska, School  of
                          Biological Sciences, College, Alaska
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency, Office
                    of Research and Development, No. 800944,
                    72P00621
Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:  Unknown

The project proposes to obtain baseline information concerning
the mudflat ecosystems of Port Valdez and Galena Bay by studying
the biological, physical, and chemical  characteristics of the
sediments.  The effects of Prudhoe Bay crude oil on these
parameters will then be examined.

Physical effects of oil pollution
Chemical effects of oil pollution

SSIE No.:  GMA-1548-2.
R-258-74
MICROCONSTITUENT

Principal Investigators:

Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:  U.S.
 Knobl, G. M., B. R. Still ings, and
 M. A. Steinberg
 U.S. Department of Commerce, Fisheries
 Production Technical Laboratory,
 Regents Dr., College Park, Maryland 20740
Department of Commerce, National  Oceanic
                    and Atmospheric Administration, National
                    Marine Fisheries Service
                               182

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Period:  7/73 to 6/74               Funds:  $615,000

Research efforts have been initiated to provide comprehensive
data on the occurrence and public health significance of micro-
constituents, such as heavy metals, inorganic trace elements,
pesticides and PCB's, in fish and fishery products.  Future work
will assess the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the fisheries
products.

SSIE No.:  ZBP-536.

R-096-74 (Renewal)
THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ON THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SALT MARSH EPIPHYTIC COMMUNITIES

Principal Investigators:  Lee, J. J., W. A. Muller, M. McEnery,
                          J. Garrison, E. Kennedy, and H. Rubin
Specialty:                Biology
Performing Organization:  City University of New York, Graduate
                          School, New York, New York
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Biomedical and
                    Environmental Research Divison, Ber-75-263
                    No. AT(11-1)3254 CODE AA
Period:  9/74 to 8/75               Funds:  $50,600

The subtle variables which regulate the microbial and micro-
metazoan assemblages within metropolitan region New York salt
marshes and shallow embayments will be defined and analyzed.
Food chain assessments will be made and environmental stress
(including petrochemical) experiments and water quality assays
will be conducted.

SSIE No.:  GPE-1694-6.

R-097-74 (Renewal)
CHEMICAL-BIOLOGICAL FOLLOW-UP STUDY ON THE SCHUYKILL RIVER
OIL SPILL

Principal Investigator:  Mainville, C.
Performing Organization:  Ocean Science and Engineering, Inc.,
                          Rockville, Maryland 20852
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
                    of Research and Development, No. 68-01-0781,
                    72P20311
Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:  Unknown

The effects of the 1972 Schuykill River oil spill are being
determined by studying riverbank vegetation and analyzing aquatic
communities and fish for oil components (heavy metals and poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively).

SSIE No.:  AO-20311-2.

                              183

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R-259-74
SUBLETHAL BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS
Principal Investigator:   Malins, D.  C.
Performing Organization:   Northwest  Fisheries Center,  2725
                          Montlake Blvd., East Seattle,
                          Washington 98112
Supporting Agency:  Department of Commerce, National  Oceanic
                    and  Atmospheric  Administration,  National
                    Marine Fisheries Service
Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:  Unknown

Petroleum hydrocarbons are among the contaminants being  studied
in an effort to determine the retention, penetration,  and
transport of contaminants in marine  organisms.  The  effects of
oil penetration in these animals are to be examined.

SSIE No.:  Private Source.

R-110-74 (Renewal)
BIOLOGICAL RECOVERY FOLLOWING AN OIL SPILL

Principal Investigator:   Sanders, H. L.
Performing Organization:   Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
                          Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Supporting Agency:  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency, Office
                    of Research and Development, No.  801001
Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:  Unknown

Biological and sediment samples were collected and analyzed
for oil following two oil spills off West Falmouth,  Massachusetts,
in September, 1969.  Such data are being used to provide
information on the effects and subsequent recovery of marine
organisms following oil  spills.

Analysis

SSIE No.:  GMA-832-2.

R-260-74
NAVY ENVIRONMENT:  BIOLOGY OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Principal Investigators:   Vedros, N. A., and A. B. Cobet
Performing Organization:   University of California,  School of
                          Public Health, Berkeley, California
                          94720
Supporting Agency:  U.S.  Department of Defense, Navy, No. DN023238
                    Contract N00014-69-A-0222-1001
Period:  7/74 to  6/75               Funds:  $100,000

Hydrocarbon uptake by marine organisms will be one of several
areas  of emphasis in a study of the ecological impact of
pollutants on marine and  terrestrial environments.

SSIE No.:  GQN-23238-1.

                               184

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2.   PHYSICAL


    R-l24-74 (Renewal)
    MEASUREMENT AND MOLECULAR INTERPRETATION  OF  SURFACE  SHEAR
    VISCOSITY

    Principal Investigator:   Goodrich,  F.  C.
    Specialty:                Chemistry
    Performing  Organization:   Clarkson  College of  Technology,  School
                              of Arts,  Potsdam,  New York
    Supporting  Agency:   U.S.  National Science Foundation,  Division
                        of Mathematics  and Physical  Sciences,
                        6P-29612A#1
    Period:   5/74 to 4/75               Funds:   $20,500

    The relationship between  surface viscosity and the size, shape,
    and the  conformation of molecules adsorbed at  liquid/air and
    liquid/liquid interfaces  will  be investigated  with an  original
    design viscometer.

    SSIE No.:  GSP-8997-1.
                                 185

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D.   OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION

    1.   DESIGN AND ENGINEERING


        R-261-74
        CORPS POLICY AND PROCEDURES ON DEEPWATER PORT ANALYSIS

        Principal Investigators:   Harrison,  R.  W.,  and R.  L.  Trisko
        Performing Organization:   U.S. Army, Engineer Institute for
                                  Water Research, Kingman  Bldg., Fort
                                  Belvoir,  Virginia 22060
        Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Department  of  Defense,  Army  Corps  of
                            Engineers, No.  31067
        Period:  7/73 to 6/74               Funds:   Unknown

        A joint research project  has been initiated to analyze the
        economic benefits and costs of alternative  deepwater  port
        designs for use in  petroleum delivery terminals, and  to consider
        the environmental and social aspects of equipment  design and
        operating standards.

        SSIE No.:  ZTK-508.
                                   186

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2.  WASTE WATER TREATMENT

    R-262-74
    REFINERY EFFLUENT TREATMENT:   ENGINEERING  PROCESS DESIGN

    Principal  Investigators:   Grutsch,  J.  F.,  and  R.  C.  Mallatt
    Performing Organization:   Standard  Oil  Co.  of  Indiana,  200  E.
                              Randolph  Dr., Chicago,  Illinois 60601
    Supporting Agency:   Standard  Oil  Co.  of Indiana
    Period:   1/75 to 1/76               Funds:   Unknown

    Proprietary process  designs are  being  developed to improve  the
    performance and effectiveness of  existing  waste treatment
    processes.

    SSIE No.:   AW-542.


    R-263-74
    EXPERIMENTAL PROTOTYPE OILY WATER SEPARATOR SYSTEM

    Principal  Investigator:   Holt, B.
    Performing Organization:   Ben Holt  Company, Pasadena, California
                              91101
    Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Department of Defense, Navy
    Period:   7/73 to 6/74               Funds:   $56,194

    A 20 GPM experimental prototype  transportable  three  stage oily
    waste water treatment system  is  being  designed, built and tested.

    SSIE No.:   GQN-487037.

    R-264-74
    IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS  IN  PETROLEUM  REFINERY WASTEWATERS
    AFTER ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT

    Principal  Investigator:   Keith,  L.  H.
    Performing Organization:   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
                              National  Environmental  Research Center,
                              Corvallis,  Oregon 97330
    Supporting Agency:   U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency, Office
                        of Research  and Development,  No. 07 ABL  04
                        72P18094
    Period:   7/74 to 6/75               Funds:   Unknown

    Qualitative and quantitative  analyses  will  be  made on specific
    organic  pollutants in petroleum  refinery wastewater  before,  during
    and  after  all  phases of biological  treatment (activated sludge).
    Identified compounds will  be  listed in  computer libraries and
    this information will be  used in  programs  of surveillance analysis,
    treatment  effectiveness evaluation, and in  establishing effluent
    criteria.

    SSIE No.:   AO-18094-1.
                                  187

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3.  PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION


    R-265-74
    OIL AND OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT

    Principal Investigator:  Cruickshank, A. M.
    Specialty:               Chemistry
    Performing Organization:  University of Rhode Island School  of
                              Arts, Administration Bldg., Kingston,
                              Rhode Island 02881
    Supporting Agency:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
                        No. 802601  72P21519
    Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:   Unknown

    This project will provide partial support for foreign visitors
    to participate in a conference  on oil and hazardous materials.

    SSIE No.:  GMA-1740-1.
                                188

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4.  RESEARCH


    R-266-74
    ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE DUE TO OIL SPILLS

    Principal  Investigator:   Enk,  G.  A.
    Performing Organization:  Institute  on  Man  and Science,
                              Rensselaerville,  New York 12147
    Supporting Agency:   U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency,  Office
                        of Research and  Development,  No.  802619
                        72P21520
    Period:   7/74 to 6/75               Funds:   Unknown

    The components of a systematic approach to  damage assessment of
    oil spills will  be presented and analyzed.   The three phases of
    the project will  be:  a  broad  range  literature survey and  review,
    the presentation of a multidisciplinary oil  spill  symposium; and
    publication and  dissemination  of the study  findings.

    SSIE No.:   GMA-1741-2.
    R-l59-74 (Renewal)
    WATER QUALITY STUDY OF MONTAUK HARBOR,  LONG  ISLAND,  NEW YORK,
    USING A HYDRAULIC MODEL

    Principal  Investigators:   Hunt,  J.  P.,  and T.  Omholt
    Performing Organization:   New York  Ocean  Science Lab.,  Montauk,
                              New York
    Supporting Agency:   New York  Ocean  Science Lab.
    Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:   Unknown

    Velocity patterns and dispersion and diffusion of foreign
    substances (including petroleum products)  are  being  studied  on
    a distorted model of Montauk  Harbor in  order to help predict
    the  results of future harbor-related activities and  developments.

    SSIE No.:   AL-984-2.
                                189

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E.   FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT

    1.  BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION


        R-073-74 (Renewal)
        NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS AS NUTRIENTS LIMITING BIODEGRADATION

        Principal  Investigator:  Brock, T.  D.
        Specialty:               Bacteriology
        Performing Organization:  University of Wisconsin,  School  of
                                  Agriculture, Madison,  Wisconsin
        Supporting Agency:   U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of
                            Water Resource  Research, No. A-054-WIS
        Period:  7/74 to 6/75                Funds:   $10,000

        Research will be conducted on the roles of nitrogen and/or
        phosphorus as limiting nutrients in the oxidation of oil  and some
        of its components by surface water  microorganisms in Lake  Mendota.
        Resulting information will be used  in predicting levels of oil
        tolerable to given  freshwater systems.

        SSIE No.:   GUW-3943-1.
        R-074-74 (Renewal)
        FATE AND EFFECT OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE COASTAL GULF
        OF MEXICO

        Principal Investigator:   Brown, L. R.
        Specialty:                Microbiology
        Performing  Organization:   Mississippi State University School of
                                  Arts, State College, Mississippi
        Supporting  Agency:  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency, Office
                            of Research and Development, 68-01-0745
                            72P19734
        Period:  7/74 to 6/75                Funds:  Unknown

        A field and laboratory study of the fate of crude oil in the
        marine environment of coastal Gulf waters is being conducted.
        The study effort will include chronic effect assessment and
        ecosystem recovery.

        SSIE No.:  AO-19734-2.
                                   190

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R-267-74
MICROBIAL AND INSECT METABOLISM OF ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS

Principal Investigator:  Markovetz, A. J.
Specialty:               Microbiology
Performing Organization:  University of Iowa, School  of Medicine,
                          Jessup Hall, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Department of Health, Education and
                    Welfare, Public Health Service, National
                    Institutes of Health, National  Institute
                    of General Medical Science
Period:  9/74 to 8/75               Funds:  $18,528

Efforts are being made to establish a catabolic pathway on an
enzymatic level  for subterminal oxidation of aliphatic hydro-
carbons by microorganisms and to determine if the process is
operative in insects and mediated by symbiotic microorganisms.

SSIE No.:  1GM-19809-3.
R-099-74 (Renewal)
THE IMPACT OF MICROORGANISMS ON OIL

Principal Investigator:  Meyers, S. P.
Performing Organization:  Louisiana State University, School  of
                          Agriculture,  Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Supporting Agency:  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency, Office
                    of Research and Development, No. 800993,
                    72P14726
Period:  7/74 to 6/75               Funds:  Unknown

The role of microorganisms in oil-contaminated sediment will  be
studied.  Emphasis will be placed on finding hydrocarbon pollu-
tion indicator species and species that can be introduced to
accelerate oil biodegradation.

Cleanup and recovery

SSIE No.:  AO-14726-2.
                               191

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F.  LEGAL ASPECTS OF OIL POLLUTION


    R-244-74 (Renwal)
    LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL
    PROTECTION

    Principal  Investigator:  Comeron, R.
    Performing Organization:  Environmental  Defense Fund,  Riverhead,
                              New York
    Supporting Agency:   Ford Foundation
    Period:  7/73 to 12/74                  Funds:  $300,000

    Legal and scientific work will be done in several  areas of
    environmental protection including oil pollution.

    SSIE No.:   QY-1575-3.
    R-268-74
    POLLUTION CONTROL - LEGAL INCENTIVE

    Principal Investigators:  Irwin, W. A., and R. H. Abel
    Performing Organization:  Environmental Law Institute,  1346
                              Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C.
                              20036
    Supporting Agency:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
                        Research and Development
    Period:  7/74 to 6/75                   Funds:  Unknown

    The potential use of current local, state, or federal  laws containing
    economic incentive mechanisms will  be evaluated for amendment to
    federal laws governing environmental quality.

    SSIE No.:  AO-21628-1.
                                   192

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                              SECTION IV.  PATENTS

A.  UNITED STATES PATENTS

    P-112-74
    REMOVAL OF  DISSOLVED  OR SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN WASTE WATER

    Anderson, H.  T.

    U.S.  Patent 3,816,274

    A  treatment method  is described which  separates  greasy matter from
    an emulsified water-fat solution.

    Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.   7(23),
                        Entry # W74-12449.
                                  3,816,274
                    REMOVAL OF DISSOLVED OR SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN
                                WASTE WATER
                   Harry T. Anderson, Clarendon Hills, III., assignor to Swift &
                    Company. Chicago, III.
                           Filed Oil. 20,1971,Ser. No. 191,008
                         Int. Cl. C02b I/H2, C02c 5/12. BOIk 3100
                   U.S. Cl. 204-149                     7 Claims
                                      193

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P-113-74
DEVICE FOR RECOVERING  FLOATING  MATTER  FROM WATER SURFACE

Aramaki, K.,  H.  Kawakami, and Y.  Kawaguchi

U.S.  Patent 3,812,968

An apparatus  for recovering floating matter from surface  water  is
composed of a floating frame body, a bucket directed toward, and  an
absorptive feeder which is secured to  the frame  body.   The feeder
moves along a closed  loop extending above the water's  surface and
feeds floating matter  to  an inlet opening in the bucket.

Citation Source:  Selected Water  Resources Abstracts.   1974.  7(23),
                    Entry # W74-12432.
                            3.8I2.96K
            DEVICE FOR RKCOVKKINC. H.OATING MATTER FROM
                         WATKRSURFACE
            Kuninori Aramaki, Yokohama; Hiroshi Kawakami, Kamaku-
              ra, and Yasuhjiru Kawaguchi, Yokohama, all of Japan, as-
              signors (o Bridgcstune Tire Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan
                    Hied JUIH- 6, 1973, St-r. No. .Wi7,M 7
              Claims priority, applttalinn Japan, June 10, l')72, 47-
            57321;Jul) 26, 1972,47-74799
                         Int. Cl. B
-------
P-114-74
OIL SLICK REMOVAL METHOD,  SYSTEM AND BAG THEREFOR

Avey, R.  L.

U.S. Patent  3,796,656

The method consists of deployment of large plastic bags in  a
horizontal arrangement on  the water surface  so  that the bags
envelop an oil  slick floating on the body of water.  When the  bags
are released,  the mouth of the bag, which is weighted, hangs in a
downward  position in the water and the oil collects at the  top of
the closed bag  where it is then removed.

Citation  Source:   Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.   7(21)
                   Entry #  W74-11055.
                            3,796,656
               OIL SLICK REMOVAL METHOD, SYSTEM AND
                         BAG THEREFOR
                    Reginald L. Avcy, 39 Sunny Acres,
                      IJaic d'Urfe, Quebec, Cannda
                    Filed Dec. 29, 1971, Scr. No. 213,668
                     Int. CI. BOld 37/00; E02b 15/04
             U.S. Cl. 210—65                    9 Claims
                                  195

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P-115-74
FLOATING ANTIPOLLUTION BARRIER  DEVICE

Ballu,  L.

U.S.  Patent  3,811,285

A floating barrier is  described as a water pollution  control  structure,
consisting of a submerged skirt supported by  floating  devices  arranged
in a  two-walled structure.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.   1974.   7(21).
                    Entry # W74-11060.
                               3,811,285
                 FLOATING ANTI-POLLUTION BARRIER DEVICE
               Louis Ballu, Colombes, France, assignor to Pneumatiquts
                Caoutchouc Manufacture et Plaitiqucs Kleber-Colombes,
                1'arii, Fra net-
                       Filed June 9, 1972, Ser. No. 261,410
                            Inl. Cl. KQ2t> 15104
               U.S. Cl. 61-1 F                      24 Claims
                                       196

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P-116-74
FLOATING BARRIER

Benson,  R.  A.

U.S.  Patent 3,818,708

Described is a floating barrier for use in oil  spill  containment.
The barrier is comprised of  a solid vertical dam  with floats
extending the length of the  barrier to  provide  maximum strength
and continuity, and vertical  stiffening ribs to provide rigidity.

Citation Source:   Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.   8(2)
                    Entry # W75-01049.
                              3,818,708
                          FLOATING BARRIKR
              Robert A. Benson, Cohassct, Mass., assignor to Submarine En-
                gineering Associates, Inc., Cohassct, Mass.
                      Filed Feb. 2, 1972, Ser. No. 222,867
                           Int. C'l. E02b 15/0-1
              U.S. Cl. 61 — IF                      12 Claims
                                   197

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P-117-74
METHOD  AND A DEVICE FOR COLLECTING SUBSTANCES FLOATING IN A LIQUID
SURFACE

Bergman, H. L.

U.S.  Patent 3,817,385

The collecting device is composed of an  endless conveyor run around
rollers which extends from a  point in the water to  a  location  adjacent
to a  collecting  table carried on board a ship.  This  arrangement
makes  possible the transfer of pollutant material carried by the
conveyor to a collecting receptacle.

Citation Source:   Selected Water Resources Abstracts.   1974.   7(23).
                    Entry # W74-12446.
                              .1,817,385
                  MKTIIOI) AND A DKVICK K)R t OLLKCTI.Nt;
                 StBSTANCKS FLOATING IN A LIQUID SURFACE
               Hans Leopold Hcr^nian, VallatorK 8 1, Stockholm, Sweden
                      Filed Apr. 1, 1471, Ser. No. 1-1(1.300
                Claims priority, application Sweden, Apr. 13, 1470,
               •W4/70
                           Int. Cl. K02I) / VCW
               U.S. Cl. 210- 242                     5 Claims
                                     198

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P-118-74
SURFACE TENSION  METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING IMMISCIBLE
LIQUIDS


Bhuta,  P.  G., R.  L.  Johnson,  and D.  J.  Graham


U.S.  Patent 3,831,756


Surface tension  liquid screening action is the  principle  used in a
liquid  separation apparatus for separating a selected liquid from
a second liquid  in which the  former  liquid is immiscible.


Citation Source:   Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.   8(2).
                    Entry # W75-01034.


                                3,831,756
                 SURFACE TENSION METHOD OK AND APPARATUS FOR
                       SEPARATING IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS
                 Pravin G. Bhuta, Torrance; Robert L. Johnson, Marina Dtl
                  Rey, and Douglas J. Graham, Redondo Beach, all of Calif.,
                  assignors to TRW Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif.
                 Division of Ser. No. 50,640, June 29, 1970, Pat. No. 3,703,463,
                 This application Sept. 13, 1972, Ser. No. 288,593The portion
                 of the term of this patent subsequent to Nov. 21, 1989, has been
                                disclaimed.
                             Int.CI. B01d2//00
                 U.S. Cl. 210—109                      1 Claim
P-119-74
OIL SPILL RECOVERY

Clampitt, B. H.,  K.  E. Harwell, and J.  W.  Jones,  Jr.

U.S.  Patent 3,819,514

Ethylene-methyl methacrylate  copolymer  foam was reported  to  have a
high  capacity for absorbing oil floating on water.   Tests  demonstrated
the absorption  capacity of  the foam to  be greater than seven times
its weight of crude  oil.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.   1974.  81(26).  Entry #170753n.
                                     199

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P-l20-74
OIL SKIMMER MODULE WITH FREE  FLOATING  WEIR TROUGH

Crisafulli, A. J.

U.S.  Patent 3,822,789

The oil  skimmer  is composed of a sump  box having a  pump and  a free
floating weir positioned ahead of the  sump box and  connected by
ball  joint connections.  The  weir rises  in relation to the sump box
which stays at a  constant depth partially below the water surface,
and a gravity inlet located on the box receives a  thin layer of
water and floating pollutants.
Citation Source:
Selected  Water Resources Abstracts.
Entry  # W74-11409.
1974.   7(21)
                              3,822,7X9
                OIL SKIMMER MODUI.K WITH FREE KLOATING WKIR
                              'IROKiH
               AnEclo J. Crisafulli, Box 1051, <;tencli\e, Mont. 59330
                Conlinuuliim-tn-piirtofSrr. NIL 142,2X2, May 11, 1971, Pat.
               No. 3,756,414. This application H-li. 6, 1973, SIT. No. 330,079
                            In|. (.'I. K»2b 1 f/0-4
               U.S.CI. 210-242                      3 Claims
                                  200

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P-121-74
PROPELLING ARRANGEMENT FOR OIL AND GARBAGE  SKIMMER CRAFT

Derzhavets, A.  Y., P.  G.  Kogan,  V. N.  Semenov, and V.  I. Tabachnikov

U.S.  Patent 3,823,828

A  propeller arrangement which is effective  in the removal of  floating
impurities from the  water  surface is  described.

Citation  Source:   Selected Water Resources  Abstracts.   1974.   7(21).
                     Entry #  W74-11404.
                                 3.823.828
                PROPELLING ARRANCKMKNT FOR OIL AM) GARBAGE
                              SKIMMER CRAFT
                Abram Yakovlevich l)er/haveis, prospekt Gagarina, 4, kv. 5;
                  I'c'lr Griyorievich Kogan, uliisa Perekopskoi divi/ii 2, k\. 14;
                  Vladimir Nikolaevkh Semenov, ulitsa Varnenskava, 19, kor-
                  pu>, S, kv. 29, and Viktor losifuvich Taharhnikox, ulitsa Var-
                  nenska\a 1<), korpus 8, kv. 31, all of Odessa, li.S.S.K.
                         Filed May 8, 1973, Scr. No. 358,360
                              Int. Cl. BO Id If 102
                II.S Cl. 210—242                       5 Claims
                                     201

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P-122-74
APPARATUS  FOR AND METHOD OF AUTOMATICALLY REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM
A FLOWING  STREAM

Dubouchet, J. L.

U.S. Patent 3,815,742

Described  is a separator which  diverts a portion  of a stream on
which flotsam has collected,  into a vertical  liquid chamber.
The separated liquid is then  discharged from  its  upper portion
"while maintaining the level  of the liquid at  a given constant
above the  maximum height of any interface that may exist between
the liquid and pollutant material."
Citation  Source:
Selected Water Resources Abstracts.
Entry # W74-12457.
1974.  7(23),
                           3,815,742
             APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF AUTOMATICALLY
             KKMOVTN<; P0LI.ITANIS KKOM A FLOUIMi STRKAM
             Jacques L. Dubouchet, l.archmcmt, N.Y., assignor to Sodete
              (ienerale de  Constructions  Kleclriques et  Mecamques
              (Alsthum), (irenuhlr, France
                    Filed Mar. 2}, 1972,Ser. No. 237,388
                         lnt.Cl.K02b JS/OJ
             ILS.CI. 210-83                     7 Claims
                            [1
                            V?
P-123-74
POLYMERIC  QUATERNARY AMMONIUM  BETAINES

Fauke, A.  R.,  and R. S. Buriks

U.S. Patent 3,819,589

The compound CcHg containing diisobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer
was treated with EtsN and  ethylene oxide to  produce a material  useful
as a demulsifier for oil-in-water petroleum  emulsions.

Citation Source:  Chemical  Abstracts.  1974.   81(24).  Entry #153525x.
                                   202

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P-lZs-74
APPARATUS  FOR RECOVERING OIL SUBSTANCES  FROM THE SURFACE OF A  BODY
OF WATER

Favret, U.

U.S. Patent  3,836,004

An apparatus for oil  removal from the water's surface consists of
a buoyant  float with  oil inlet ports placed at a level to withdraw
floating oil substances.  An adjacent oil  collection suction
chamber receives the  oil and a remote pump connected to the float
provides suction sufficient to withdraw  oily substances from the
collection chamber.

Citation Source:   Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.   8(3).
                   Entry # W75-01195.

                              3,836,004
                 APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING OIL SUBSTANCES
                   FROM THE SURFACE OF A BODY OF \V\TER
                Uncas Favret, P.O. Box 73095, Metairie, La. 70003
                       Filed Dec. 7, 1972, Ser. No. 312,913
                            lnl.CI.E02by.5W
                U.S.C1. 210-242                   20 Claims
P-125-74
ROUGH WATER  BARRIER

Hoult, D.  P.,  and  J.  H.  Milgram

U.S. Patent  3,802,201

A barrier  sheet  is maintained in a vertical  direction in the water,
perpendicular  to the  wave surface, by flotation elements.  The barrier
is designed  to contain oil or flotsam in  rough  waters.

Citation Source:   Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1974.  7(20).
                   Entry # W74-10595.
                                   203

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P-126-74
PROCESS AND APPARATUS  OF HANDLING  WATER  WHICH  IS CONTAMINATED WITH
AN OILLIKE  LIQUID

Jakubek,  P.

U.S.  Patent 3,836,000

Two  pumps,  one  for clean water and the other for contaminated water,
are  used  to separate the two  mixtures.   The contaminated water  is
run  through a separator.
Citation  Source:
Petroleum  Abstracts.
Entry #198,897.
1975.   15(3).
                             3,836,000
               PROCESS AND APPARATUS OF HANDLING WATER
              WHICH IS CONTAMINATED WITH AN OILLIKE LIQUID
              Ptttr Jakubek, Brunn Am Gebirge, Austria, assignor to Fa. In-
               ternational Pollution Control Systems, Inc.,  Washington,
               D.C.
                     Filed July 8, l971,S«r.No. 160,779
               Claims priority,  application  Austria, July  13,  1970,
              6372/70; Jan. 22, 1971, 534/71; Jun«.3, 1971,4826/71
                           Int. Cl. B01d29/J6
              U.S.CI. 210-104                      18 Claims
                                     204

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P-l 27-74
DISPERSED  OIL SEPARATOR

Jones, L.  W.

U.S. Patent 3,844,743

Oily water is run through  a  vessel containing  a  sulfur media.   The
sulfur causes the oil to agglomerate; it can then be removed.   Water
falls by gravity separation  below the barrier  that collects the oil.

Citation Source:  Petroleum  Abstracts.  1975.   15(5).
                   Entry #200,151.
                           3,844,743
                    DISPERSED OIL SEPARATOR
            Lojd \V. Jones, Tulsa, Okla., assignor to Amoco Production
             Company, Tulsa, Okla.
                   Filed Aug. 9, 1971, Ser. No. 170,172
                        Int. Cl. BO Id 17/04
            U.S. Cl. 55-174                    8 Claims
              OILV  '2 , I
              WA11R	k-~-».
                     ?2  10  '* M  V 10 IB
P-128-74
EXTRACTING  RETAINED OIL AND  SOLIDS FROM A FILTER MEDIUM

Keller, H.  F.

U.S. Patent 3,842,001

A granular  filter medium  that has been used  to  filter an oil-water-
sol id dispersion can be agitated in the presence of a surfactant
and backwashed to form 3  layers:  solids-free oil, useable water,
and oil-free solids.

Citation  Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(8).  Entry  #45868y.
                                  205

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P-129-74
OIL SPILL  CONTROL

King, 0. A.

U.S. Patent 3,835,049

The recovery process of an oil slick formed by  a  spill of a  high-
gravity crude oil on a  bay inlet with the use of  linseed oil  spray
is described.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(6).  Entry  #34856s.
P-130-74
DEVICE  FOR COLLECTING LOOSE MATERIAL FROM A SURFACE, PARTICULARLY
OIL  FLOATING ON WATER

Larsson, A. A. R.

U.S.  Patent 3,838,775

This  device uses a  drum shaped rotor with helical  blades that form
a central  ring of scoops aligned  with the discharge duct.   The
blades  move material  from the intake opening  to  the scoops.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.   15(1).  Entry  #198,936.
                             3,838,775
              DEVICE FOR COLLECTING LOOSE MATERIAL FROM A
              SURFACE, PARTICULARLY OIL FLOATING ON WATER
              Arne Algol Ragnar Larsson, Auravagen 13,182 62 Djursholm,
                Sweden
                     Filed Feb. 28, 1972, Ser. No. 229,845
                Claims  priority,  application Sweden, Mar.  12, 1971,
              3238/71
                           Int. Cl. E02b 15104
              U.S. Cl. 210—242                    12 Claims
                                    206

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P-131-74
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

Lorenz, W. K., E. C. Sebesta, and C. L. McClellan

U.S. Patent 3,835,021

The process by which refinery waste sludge materials are disposed of
consists of dewatering and deoiling the sludges by filtering them
through a filter press at temperatures between 100-200°F.  High
recovery of oil from waste materials is possible by using this
process.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).  Entry #175884r.


P-132-74
METHODS FOR ELIMINATION OF OIL SLICKS

McKinney, R. W., A. L. Dixon, Jr., and R. L. Jordon

U.S. Patent 3,843,517

Freeze-dried mixtures of hydrocarbon consuming microorganisms in a
carrier are placed on oil films.   The carrier absorbs and concentrates
the oil and the microorganisms metabolize it.  The microorganisms
remain viable for long storage times.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.   1975.  15(3).  Entry #199,494.


P-l33-74
APPARATUS FOR REMOVING A SUBSTANCE FLOATING AS A LAYER ON THE
SURFACE OF A BODY OF LIQUID

Mourlon, J-C. J., and E. M. R. Dubois

U.S. Patent 3,800,951

Flotsam or oil  can be removed from the surface of a body of water by
the use of an apparatus in which  a screw impeller generates a
whirlpool in the area of the substance and causes a downward depres-
sion.   The lighter substance is then drawn from the depression and
delivered to a collection tank with a suction pump.

Citation Source:  Selected Water  Resources Abstracts.  1974.  7(21).
                  Entry # W74-11057.
                                 207

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P-l34-74
FLOATABLE BOOM STRUCTURE

Oberg,  P. 0.

U.S.  Patent  3,798,911

The  boom is  composed  of a series of buoyant tubular body sections,
each containing mechanical expansion  devices.   The tubular body
sections, when expanded,are positioned so that  they project upward
from the surface to contain floating  impurities such  as oil.
Citation Source:
Selected Water  Resources Abstracts.
Entry  # W74-11054.
1974.   7(21)
                             3,798,911
                     FLOATABLE BOOM STRUCTURE
             Per Olog Obcrg, Sollcnluna, Sweden, assignor to Sanera Pro-
               jecting Aktiebolag, Bromma, Sweden
                     Filed Mar. 31, 1971,Ser. No. 129,932
               Claims priority, application Sweden, Apr. 2, \970, 4568/70;
             Aug. 4, 1970, 10704/70; Jan. 27, 1971,979/71
                          Int. CI.E(I2b IS/04
             U.S. Cl. 61-1 F                      II Claims
                                     208

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P-135-74
METHOD FOR TREATING OIL-CONTAINING WASTES

Ohta,  M.

U.S. Patent 3,809,631

A method for  treating oil-containing wastes is described  in  which
the  pH of the waste is  adjusted  to 3 or  less and  then the material
is subjected  to  a two-phase electrolytic treatment  wherein the oil
phase  is separated.

Citation Source:   Selected Water Resources  Abstracts.  1974.   7(23)
                    Entry # W74-12433.
                                 3,809,631
                   METHOD FOR TREATING OIL-CONTAINING
                                 WAS res
                 Masnnori Ohta, 55 Takchana-Nishinokuchi-cho, Yama-
                   sliina, HiKashiyama-ku, Kyoto-shl, Kyoto-fu, Japan
                        Filed Mar. 8, 1973, Scr. No. 339,131
                   Claims priority, application Japan, Mar. 9, 1972,
                                 47/23,558
                              Int. Cl. C02c 5/72
                 U.S. Cl. 204—149                    2 Claims
                                    209

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P-136-74
APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING A  POLLUTING LIQUID

Oxenham, J.  P.

U.S.  Patent  3,810,546

A skimmer has been  developed,  composed of  a floating platform with
rotatable drums along the periphery.   Each drum  has a weir positioned
adjacent to  the interface of the  liquids to allow polluting liquids
to  pass into the drum.

Citation Source:  Selected Water  Resources Abstracts.   1974.  7(23).
                    Entry # W74-12436.
                                 3,810,546
                   APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING A POLLUTING
                                 LIQUID
                 James Preston Oxenham, Houston, Tex., assignor to Shell Oil
                  Company, New York, N.Y.
                  Continuation of Ser. No. 206,544, Dec. 9, 1971, abandoned,
                   which is a continuation of Ser. No. 70,745, Sept. 9, 1970,
                 abandoned. This application Mar. 28, 1973, Ser. No. 345,801
                              Int. Cl. E02b IS/04
                 U.S. Cl. 210-242                      1 Claim
                                      210

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P-137-74
OIL/WATER SEPARATION AND RECOVERY SYSTEM

Pavolvic, J.  D.

U.S.  Patent  3,815,751

The description  of a technique  for oil-water  recovery  using a
sectioned separating tank is  given.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.   1974.   7(23)
                    Entry # W74-12451.
                                3,815,751
                 OIL/WATER SKPARATION AND RECOVERY SYSTEM
                Jack  D. Pavlovic,  Oakland, Calif., assignor to Pollution
                 Recovery Systems, Oakland, Calif.
                        Filed Oct. 6, !971,Ser. No. 187,038
                             Int.CI. E02n 15104
                U.S. Cl. 210-242                     6 Claims
                                    211

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P-l38-74
UNDERWATER LEAKAGE OIL COLLECTOR SYSTEM

Rainey, D. E.

U.S.  Patent 3,756,294

An elongated flexible conduit has  been developed to prevent oil
leakage from an  underwater  break in  an oil container.   The device
attaches to the  container and entraps the leaking oil,  and conveys
it to a new collector.

Citation Source:   Selected  Water Resources Abstracts.   1974.  7(21)
                    Entry  # W74-11056.
                             3,756,294
              UNDERWATER LEAKAGE OIL COLLECTOR SYSTEM
             Don E. Rainey, 3209 N.E. 10(h St., Pompano Beach, Fla.
                 Continuation of Ser. No. 124,827, March 16,1971,
              abandoned. This application Sept. 5,1972, Ser. No. 286,356
                          Int.CI. K6Sb3104
             V.S. Cl. 141—392                      6 Claims
                                    212

-------
P-l39-74
APPARATUS  FOR SALVAGING OIL FROM  SUNKEN  VESSELS

Rolleman,  J.

U.S.  Patent  3,831,387

A remotely controlled submersible "pump-house"  or salvage capsule
is  described  for use in removing  to the  surface oil contained  in
a sunken vessel.

Citation Source:   Selected Water  Resources Abstracts.   1975.   8(2)
                     Entry #  W75-01038.
                               3,831,387
                 APPARATUS FOR SALVAGING OIL FROM SUNKEN
                               VESSELS
               Jack Rolleman, Edmonton, Alberta, C'anada, assignor to
                Salvage Oil Systems, Ltd., Edmonton, Canada
                      Filed Mar. 16, 1973, Scr. No. 342,090
                Claims priority, application Great Britain, Mar. 24, 1972,
               14091/72
                            Int. Cl. B63c Il/Ot)
               U.S. Cl. 61-69 A                     16 Claims
                                    213

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P-140-74
OFF-SHORE OIL  WELL  LEAKAGE CONFINER

Ryan, M. M.

U.S. Patent  3,839,870

A floating wall  supported by pontoons  surrounds an offshore  well
site.  The pontoons can be filled with seawater to sink  the  wall
and let ships  enter the area.

Citation Source:   Petroleum Abstracts.   1975.  15(3).  Entry #199,331
                              3,839,870
                  OFF-SHORE OIL VVKI.l. LEAKAC.E CONFINER
               Margaret M. Ryan, 1054") S. Bi-ll, t'hicano. III. 60643
                      Filed Jan. 21, l')74, SIT. No. 435,220
                           Int. Cl. E02h 15104
               U.S. Cl. 61-1 F                     3 Claims
P-141-74
PROCESS FOR REMOVING OIL FROM AROUND A WELL-BORE

Stringer,  C.  W.

U.S.  Patent 3,837,402

Laurie acid and diethanolamine  promote oil dispersal.   This
combination is neither flammable nor toxic, and  is  biodegradable.
Many  container interiors and surfaces, in addition  to  well-bores,
can be cleaned with this combination.

Citation  Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(1).   Entry #198,820.
                                  214

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P-142-74
FLOATING BOOM DEPLOYMENT APPARATUS

Tanksley, N. D.

U.S. Patent 3,807,617

Described is the deployment apparatus for storage,  paying out, and
retrieval of oil containment booms.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.   1974.   7(21)
                  Entry # W74-11046.
                               215

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B.   FOREIGN PATENTS


    P-l43-74
    ABSORPTION OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES FROM WASTE WATER

    Amagi, Y., and S. Inada

    German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
    2,411,828

    The treatment of petrochemical  waste water by active carbon in a
    fluidized bed is described.

    Citation Source:  Chemical  Abstracts.  1975.  82(4).  Entry #2142d.
    P-144-74
    COMPOUNDS COLLECTING OIL AND PROCESS FOR ELIMINATING OIL FROM WATER

    Anon.

    French Patent 2,203,402

    Treatment of beaches or water with compounds containing long chain
    primary aliphatic alcohols which collect oil or keep it from spreading,
    can help in oil spill cleanup.

    Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(5).  Entry #200,247.
    P-145-74
    FLOATING APPARATUS FOR REMOVING A FLOATING LAYER OF OIL FROM THE
    SURFACE OF THE WATER

    Anon.

    French Patent 2,201,691

    A floating caisson can remove a layer of oil from water using an
    adjustable decantation system for the oil and a pump for both the
    oil and removal of water from the separator.

    Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(3).  Entry #199,497.
    P-l46-74
    OIL SPILL RECOVERY VESSEL

    Anon.

    Netherlands Patent NL 7315-128


                                    216

-------
A vessel for recovering floating oil on water contains a cyclone
chamber which receives the inflowing skimmed layer of oil via a
lateral opening, one edge having an adjustable skimmer or weir
plate.  The oil is withdrawn from the larger end of the chamber
while the separated water is discharged from the smaller end.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.  8(3).
                  Entry # W75-01633.

P-147-74
OIL/WATER SEPARATOR FILTER

Anon.

French Patent 2196-187

The oil/water filter consists of a fibrous core coated with a resin
and an outer sheath.  The core fibers are made of a textile material
laid up in thin layers with fibers side by side and transverse to
flow direction; the resin coating, having a higher affinity for oil
than for water, acts as a binder within the layers.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.  8(1).
                  Entry # W75-00143.


P-148-74
OIL ABSORBENT

Aoso, S.

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 64,577

Oil absorbents used for removing oil from the ocean surface are
composed of mixtures of vegetable fibers and waste threads which are
dipped into solutions to form fatty acid metal salts on the surface
of the mixture.  The absorbent absorbs 7.5 times its own weight.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(8).  Entry #47498b.
P-149-74
OIL CONTAINMENT BOOM

Ayers, R. R., and E. V. Seymour

Canadian Patent 958,230

A capture area, in a water surface with relative current velocity,
is set up with buoyant float means.  Means are also used to slow the
flow velocity in the capture area.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(3).   Entry #199,496.

                                217

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P-l50-74
POLYPROPYLENE ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WATER

Azuma, K.

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 48,576

An oil adsorbent composed of a 60:15:25 polypropylene-atactic
polypropylene-polyetheylene mixture and having a continuous  pore
structure, was molded and ground into sheet form and immersed in
oil.  The weight of adsorbed oil was 14,10, and 12 times the
original weight of the sheet for heavy, light, and spindle oils,
respectively.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).   Entry #140659u.


P-151-74
POLYPROPYLENE ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OIL FROM WATER

Azuma, K.

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 48,577

An oil adsorbent composed of a 70:10:20 polypropylene-atactic poly-
propylene-polyethylene foam mixture was molded into a  sheet  form and
immersed in oil.  The weight of the adsorbed oil was 13, 9,  and 11
times the original weight of the sheet for heavy, light, and spindle
oils, respectively.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).   Entry #140658t.


P-152-74
POLYPROPYLENE ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WATER

Azuma, K.

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 48,578

An oil adsorbent, composed of a sheet of an 80:20 polypropylene-
atactic polypropylene foam mixture placed between two  fiber  laps
composed of the same material and needle punched to obtain continuous
pore structure, was immersed in oils.  The weight of adsorbed oil was
20, 14, and 18 times the original weight of the mat for heavy, light,
and spindle oils, respectively.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).   Entry #H0657s.
                                 218

-------
P-153-74
FLOATING ANTIPOLLUTION BARRIER

Ballu, L.

French Patent 2,208,414

A series of compartments connected by flexible tape gives this
barrier both flexibility and reliability.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(5).  Entry #200,249,


P-154-74
PROCESS FOR PURIFYING WATER CONTAINING OILS AND SOLIDS

Beavon, D. K.

Canadian Patent 945,479

Described is a process for removing oil  and particulate solids by
utilizing a filter media, such as sand,  for purification.

Citation Source:  Selected Water Resources Abstracts.  1975.  8(2).
                  Entry # W75-00603.
P-155-74
AMINOPLAST FOAM

Blake, A. D.

German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,402,441

Patent for a foam-forming mixture used for removal of oil slicks
from seawater.

Citation Source:   Chemical Abstracts.   1975.   82(8).  Entry #44340h.
P-156-74
PROCESS FOR OVERCOMING WATER POLLUTION

Cadron, E. C. A., and L. E.  L.  Jourquin

Belgian Patent 764,805

Three dimensional bodies of  foam with oil  'pores are deposited on
polluted water.   The bodies  are treated with an agent (chosen from
fatty acids and  their esters) to make them oil  wet.

Citation Source:   Petroleum  Abstracts.  1975.   15(5).  Entry #200,243.

                                 219

-------
P-157-74
POWDERY FOAM USEFUL AS OIL ADSORBENT

Chono, M., K. Toyomoto, S. Noganri, and N. Matsuo

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 60,323

The composition of a powdery foam adsorbent useful as an oil removing
agent from water is described.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26),  Entry #175845d.
P-l58-74
APPARATUS FOR THE REMOVAL OF POLLUTING SUBSTANCES SPREAD ON THE
SURFACE OF WATER, ESPECIALLY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Degobert, P., and F. Kermarrec

French Patent 2,199,755

The walls of the container are flexible, porous hydrophobic, yet
easily wetted by the pollutant.  Inflatable armatures extend the
walls.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(1).  Entry #198,938.
P-159-74
APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF POLLUTING PRODUCTS SPREAD ON THE
SURFACE OF WATER, ESPECIALLY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Degobert, P., F. Kermarrec, and Y. Nadaud

French Patent 2,199,776

This apparatus has at least one container with porous hydrophobic
walls which are easily wetted by the pollutant.  The container floats
on the surface; the liquid pollutant is transferred to an interior
sealed cavity once it has penetrated the walls of the container.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(1).  Entry #198,939.
P-160-74
APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF POLLUTANT PRODUCTS SPREAD ON THE
SURFACE OF THE WATER, ESPECIALLY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
                           tf
Degobert, P., and F. Kermarrec

French Patent 2,203,399
                                 220

-------
A flexible hose of porous hydrophobia material, which is oil wet,
floats at the water surface so the pollutant can easily enter.  Both
ends of the hose can be towed by ships.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(5).  Entry #200,244.
P-161-74
APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF A LIGHTER LIQUID FLOATING ON A
HEAVIER LIQUID

Disque, K., A. Holzgen, and P. Stauch

French Patent 2,208,697

Both liquids feed into a container, then cross a floating baffle.
The heavier liquid flows below, the lighter is collected by the baffle.
The level of the baffle can be adjusted with ballast.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(5).  Entry #200,250.
P-162-74
IMPROVING RESIDUAL OIL SEPARATION FROM OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION-BREAKING
EQUIPMENT

Dornauf, A., and A. Sorg

German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,306,341

The treatment to separate residual oil from acid or salt cracking
plant filtrates,or from the purification water in oil-in-water
emulsion separation processes in a horizontal or vertical oil phase
separation trap, is described.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  86(2).  Entry #34831e.
P-163-47
APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF MINERAL OILS SPREAD ON THE SURFACE OF
WATER

Drapeau, Y.

French Patent 2,203,400

A movable part in the apparatus, wettable by oil, has a lower section
in the water.  The upper section is wiped with a ring and the liquid
                                 221

-------
is collected in a gutter.   The entire system moves in the direction
of a suction zone which has one end at the wiper.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(5).  Entry #200,245.
P-164-74
AN APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF MINERAL OILS SPREAD OVER THE SURFACE
OF WATER

Drapeau, Y.

French Patent 2,203,401

A movable cylinder attached to a horizontal  rotating shaft is
wettable by oil.  The oil wetted section is  then brushed against a
wiper and the oil is collected.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(5).  Entry #200,246.
P-165-74
METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR CONTROLLING BLOWOUTS ON OIL WELLS

Erb, B. R.

Canadian Patent 958,328

Liquid carbon dioxide or nitrogen under pressure freezes the pipe
and renders the fluid inert and therefore nonflammable and non-
cumbustible.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(3).  Entry #199,302.


P-166-74
REMOVAL OF OILS FROM WATER WITH BLAST FURNACE SLAG

Frijii, M., N. Haga, F. Fugita, A. Fujiwara, and I. Hira

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 67,877

Porous blast furnace slag removes oil from water, reducing 35 ppm
oil to 1.5 ppm for 120 sec. contact.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(8).  Entry #47501x.
                                222

-------
P-167-74
TREATMENT OF SOOT-CONTAINING WASTE WATER FROM HYDROCARBON CRACKING
PLANT

Hauptmann, W., P. Jaschke, B. Neumann, B. G. Frenzel, G.  Henkel,
and J. Slabik

German Patent 106,335

A suspension of waste water containing carbon black mixed with brown
coal ash with CaO and FeO is run into a clarification basin.  The
sulfides in the waste water precipitate.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(8).  Entry #47518h.
P-168-74
SIMULTANEOUS TREATMENT OF SYNTHETIC POLYMER WASTES AND WASTE OILS
BY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION

Ito, H., T. Maruyama, and S. Kamimura

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 52,172

A thermal decomposition furnace with a scrubber liquid-gas separator
leads to the separation of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons.   The
procedure can be done on a large scale.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.   82(8).  Entry  #47399v.


P-169-74
NONWOVEN SYNTHETIC FABRICS FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WASTE WATER

Kita, S., and T. Kono

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 66,968

Nonwoven fabrics made from resin mixtures of pvlyolefin and  ethylene-
vinyl acetate copolymer have been found to have high adsorptive
capacity for oils.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.   81(26).  Entry #175862g,


P-l70-74
OIL ADSORBENTS

Kitagaki, T., K. Ogawa, and K. Taguchi

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application)  74 47,270
                                223

-------
The treatment of waste water containing oils with charcoal  and/or
sawdust treated with silicon-system water repellants is  effective
in the removal of oils from the water.

Citation Source:  Chemical  Abstracts.   1974.  81(22).   Entry #140663r.
P-171-74
ADSORBENT OBTAINED BY TREATING CARBON BLACK WITH SILICONE FOR
REMOVING OILS FROM WASTE MATERIALS

Kitagaki, T., and K. Taguchi

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 47,271

Carbon black, produced from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons,
is treated with a hydrophobic agent to form a substance effective in
removing oils and fats floating or dissolved in water.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).  Entry #140665t.


P-l72-74
PURIFICATION OF WASTE LUBRICATING OIL

Koizumi, T.

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 23,801

The process for regenerating lubricating oil from waste lubricating
oil by addition of A1C13 and/or FeCl3 to the waste oil is described.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).  Entry #140643j.
P-173-74
REMOVAL OF OIL FROM WATER

Maatschappij, B. V.

Netherlands Patent 72 13,948

A product consisting of long chain primary alcohols and a diluent
is capable of removing oil from water.  In a test, 19 liters of crude
oil were poured into the Houston Ship Channel; ten minutes after the
addition of  12 1 of the solution, the oil slick was reduced to less
than 10% in size.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(22).  Entry #140651k.
                                  224

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P-l74-74
RAPID DETERMINATION OF OILS IN WATER BY USING AN ADSORPTION INDICATOR

Miyazaki, Y., and H. Kawaguchi

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 60,788

The operation of an adsorption indicator which measures the oil
contents of an oil extract solution placed in a cylinder is described.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).  Entry #175855g.


P-175-74
POROUS POLYOLEFIN ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WASTE WATER

Murayama, N., and M. Fukuda

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 22,392

Porous molded  products composed of polyolefin and inorganic materials
(CaCOs, CaSO^) and stretched into sheet forms, are useful  in removing
oils from waste water.   Using the sheet as a filter, hexane contained
in waste water is reduced from 3 ppm to 0.6 ppm after treatment.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(24).  Entry #158443d.


P-176-74
PURIFICATION OF EMULSIFIED OIL-CONTAINING WASTE WATER

Nakagawa, J., and J. Konoike

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 63,255

Emulsified oil-containing waste waters are purified by a process in
which the waters are mixed with a sludge (obtained by neutralizing
an acidic solution containing Fe salts with excess CaC03), stirred,
and filtered.  The resulting filter cake is solidified to  recover
oils.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(6).  Entry #34828j.


P-l77-74
EMULSIFYING COMPOSITIONS

Nicol, J. R., and G. C. Silsby

British Patent 1,361,179

The compositions of materials useful in dispersing oil spills on
water and removing oil  on beaches are given:   5-50% ethylene

                                  225

-------
oxide-fatty alcohol condensate dissolved in 55-95% kerosene containing
a solubilizing agent .

Citation Source:  Chemical  Abstracts.   1974.   80(26).   Entry #171892u.
P-178-74
OIL ADbORBENT FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATER

Ohkita, J., K. Kajitan, and H. Segawa

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 61,074

Waste water containing 100 ppm oil was passed through oil adsorbents
made from polypropylene-polyethylene-nylon fibrils, and the resulting
oil content was less than 1 ppm.

Citation Source:   Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).  Entry #175861f.


P-179-74
REMOVAL OF OILS FROM WASTE WATER

Ohkita, J., H. Segawa, and S. Kurosaki

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 59,469

Waste water containing 500 ppm oil was successfully passed through
a nonwoven fabric-packed column and a synthetic fibril packed column
made from a polypropylene-polyethylene-nylon mixture to produce a
water containing less than 1 ppm oil.

Citation Source:   Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).  Entry #175852d.


P-180-74
TREATMENT OF WASTE OILS

Ohkubo, T.

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application)  74 75,601

Waste oils are treated by a method using alkalies and the addition
of alcohols, polyglycols and/or polyglycol ethers.

Citation Source:   Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(4).  Entry #21447j.
                                 226

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P-181-74
POROUS GAS OIL COLLECTOR

Ohmori, S.

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 64,578

Mixtures of fine polymer foams and inorganic materials are used to
remove oils from waste water.  A gas oil absorptivity of 110% is
obtained using the collector.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(8).  Entry #47499c.
P-182-74
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATION OF TWO LIQUIDS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Schilling, G.

German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,301,244

Oil layers can be separated from water using this apparatus which
consists of a hinged pipe just below the surface of the liquid,
and a discharge sluice ahead of a vacuum pump.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1975.  82(8).  Entry #45707v.
P-183-74
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR ELIMINATING OIL OR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER OR OTHER

Sohnius, A.

Belgian Patent 767,980

The absorbent material is hydrophobic and is kept in place with a
trellis.  The system can be used to form oil spill barriers.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts.  1975.  15(3).  Entry #199,495.
P-l84-74
CONTACTING PETROLEUM-REFINING WASTE WATERS WITH OXIDIZING AGENTS
BEFORE TREATING WITH ACTIVATED CARBON

Takadoi, T., and T. Hatta

Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 71,758
                                227

-------
An oxidizing agent is contacted with petroleum refinery waste water
before activated carbon treatment so as to increase the treating
efficiency of the activated carbon.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.   81(26).   Entry #175876q.
P-185-74
DISPOSAL OF SULFIDE-CONTAINING WASTE WATER WITH GENERATION OF
SYNTHESIS GAS

Tassoney, J. P., and R. M. Dille

German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,304,273

Petroleum refinery wastes are mixed with a fuel and partially burned
in a gas generator for synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen sulfide, COS, methane, Ar,
and nitrogen.  The synthesis gas is scrubbed by the feed water and
hydrogen sulfide gas is then recovered.

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).   Entry #175841z.
P-186-74
REMOVING OILS AND EMULSIFIERS FROM LIQUIDS

Vostrcil, J.

Czechoslovakian Patent 154,102

"Cationic flocculants increased the sorption effect and output of
sedimentation filters charged with perlite type gas and/or silica.
The flocculants (.03 mg/g) were added to suspended material."

Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.  1974.  81(26).  Entry #175893t.
P-l87-74
SEPARATION FOR IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS

Worlidge, R. F.

French Patent 2,205,826

An endless belt collects the liquid floating at the surface of a mixed
system.  The belt is suspended from a drum which rotates, renewing
the collecting belt and scraping off the liquid.

Citation Source:  Petroleum Abstracts,  1975.  15(5).  Entry #200,248.
                                  228

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P-188-74
SEPARATION OF OIL-CONTAINING EMULSIONS FROM WASTE WATERS
Wunnenburger, H.
German (East) Patent 102,371
Waste water containing oil emulsions is treated with foamed poly-
styrene particles; after agitation, the emulsion is broken with the
oil adsorbed on the polystyrene particles, leaving about 25 mg/1
in the waste water.  The polystyrene is then removed by gravity
filtration.
Citation Source:  Chemical Abstracts.   1974.  81(22).  Entry #140645M.
                                 229

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                         TOPIC CROSS REFERENCE


Reporting:  C-469-74, C-507-74


Monitoring:  C-491-74, C-505-74,  C-514-74,  C-528-74,  C-603-74


Remote Sensing:   C-483-74,  C-547-74


Sampling:  C-496-74, C-498-74, C-504-74,  C-517-74


Analysis:  C-459-74, C-469-74, C-470-74,  C-472-74,  C-477-74, C-479-74,
           C-480-74, C-493-74, C-612-74,  C-613-74,  C-682-74, C-753-74,
           C-766-74, R-110-74, P-174-74
Containment:
C-488-74, C-563-74,  C-590-74,  P-115-74,  P-116-74,  P-125-74,
P-134-74, P-140-74,  P-142-74,  P-149-74,  P-153-74,  P-183-74
Cleanup and Recovery:
C-456-74,
C-541-74,
C-598-74,
C-724-74,
R-099-74,
P-119-74,
P-129-74,
P-138-74,
P-146-74,
P-155-74,
P-160-74,
P-173-74,
C-466-74,
C-546-74,
C-658-74,
C-751-74,
R-112-74,
P-l 20-74,
P-l 30-74,
P-139-74,
P-l 48-74,
P-156-74,
P-161-74,
P-177-74,
C-471-74,
C-547-74,
C-686-74,
C-772-74,
P-113-74,
P-121-74,
P-132-74,
P-141-74,
P-150-74,
P-157-74,
P-163-74,
P-182-74,
C-521-74,
C-549-74,
C-700-74,
C-782-74,
P-114-74,
P-122-74,
P-l 33-74,
P-144-74,
P-151-74,
P-l 58-74,
P-164-74,
P-187-74
C-535-74,
C-550-74,
C-701-74,
C-787-74,
P-117-74,
P-124-74,
P-136-74,
P-145-74,
P-152-74,
P-159-74,
P-166-74,

Biological effects of oil  pollution:
                        C-449-74,  C-467-74,  C-562-74,
                        C-672-74,  C-708-74,  C-766-74,
                        R-245-74
Physical effects of oil  pollution:   R-085-74

Chemical effects of oil  pollution:   R-085-74
General effects of oil  pollution:   C-494-74,  C-530-74
Design and engineering:
           C-464-74, C-465-74, C-481-74,  C-484-74,  C-487-74,
           C-490-74, C-533-74, C-538-74,  C-539-74,  C-540-74,
                               C-559-74,
                               C-578-74,
                         C-543-74
                         C-567-74
C-546-74,
C-573-74,
C-561-74,
C-580-74,
C-566-74,
C-584-74,
                         C-587-74, C-589-74, C-662-74,  C-663-74,  C-669-74,
                         C-679-74, C-688-74, P-l65-74
                                   230

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Oil handling:  C-670-74, P-168-74,  P-172-74,  P-180-74


Waste water treatment:   C-572-74,  C-585-74, C-585-74,  C-727-74,  P-118-74,
                        P-123-74,  P-126-74, P-127-74,  P-128-74,  P-131-74,
                        P-135-74,  P-137-74, P-143-74,  P-147-74,  P-154-74,
                        P-162-74,  P-167-74, P-169-74,  P-170-74,  P-171-74,
                        P-175-74,  P-176-74, P-178-74,  P-179-74,  P-181-74,
                        P-184-74,  P-185-74, P-186-74,  P-188-74

Research:  C-562-74, C-706-74


Regulations, standards  and planning:   C-552-74,  C-560-74, C-771-74,
                                      C-773-74,  C-780-74, C-783-74


Biological effects of oil  prospecting  and  production:
           C-720-74, C-725-74,  C-730-74, C-776-74,  C-785-74


General effects of oil  prospecting  and production:   C-709-74, C-712-74,
            C-714-74, C-716-74, C-717-74,  C-721-74, C-782-74


Biological degradation  of  oil  in the environment:   C-482-74, C-631-74,
                                                   P-132-74


Chemical  changes of oil  in the  environment:   C-522-74,  C-632-74, C-734-74,
                                             C-761-74


Physical  changes of oil  in the  environment:   C-508-74,  O617-74, C-632-74,
                                             C-718-74,  C-734-74, C-746-74,
                                             C-758-74


General fate of oil in  the environment:  C-596-74

State legislation:  C-697-74

National  legislation:  C-687-74


International legislation:  C-649-74,  C-655-74,  C-697-74, C-726-74


Foreign legislation:  C-698-74


Bibliographies:  C-563-74
                                   231

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                        APPENDIX

                    Journals Scanned
Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants
Ambio
American Fisheries Society Newsletter
American Fisheries Society Transactions
American Naturalist
Applied Microbiology
Applied Science & Technology Index
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
Atlantic Naturalist
Audubon
Auk:  A Quarterly Journal of Ornithology
Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
Biological Abstracts
Bioscience
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
California Fish and Game
Chemical Abstracts
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Week
Chemistry in Canada
Clean Air and Water News
Critical Reviews in Environmental Control
Crustacea
Current Contents:  Life Sciences
Current Contents:  Physical and Chemical Sciences
Ecological Monographs
Ecological Society of America Bulletin
Ecology Law Quarterly
Environment
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Action
Environmental Health and Pollution Control
Environmental Letters
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Science & Technology
Geotimes
Government Reports Announcements
Hydrobiologia
Index Medicus
International Aerospace Abstracts
Journal of Chromatography
Journal of Ecology
                           232

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Journal of Environmental Sciences
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
Journal of Fish Biology
Journal of Natural History
Journal of Petroleum Technology
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Limnology and Oceanography
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Journal
Marine Biology
Marine Fisheries Review
Marine Geology
Marine Technology Society, Journal
National Fisherman
National Petroleum News
National Research Council, News Report
National Wildlife
Natural History
Nature
Nautilus
Nippon Suisan Gakkai Shi.  Bulletin of the Japanese Society of
   Scientific Fisheries
Ocean Industry
Ocean Oil Weekly Report
Ocean Science News
Ocean Science on Station
Oceanic Abstracts
Oceans
Oceanus
Offshore
Oil and Gas Journal
Our Sun
Outdoor California
Pacific Oil World
Petroleum Abstracts
Pollution Abstracts
Proceedings in Print
Remote Sensing of the Environment
Research and Development News
Resources
Royal Society of London, Proceedings, Series B, Biological Sciences
Sea Frontiers
Sea Secrets
Science
Science News
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Selected References on Environmental Quality
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Sierra Club, San Francisco, Bulletin
                               233

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The Ecologist
The Engineering Index
The Geological Society of America Bibliography and Index of Geology
Toxicity Bibliography
Underwater Naturalist
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Water Newsletter
Water Pollution Abstracts
Water Pollution Control Federation, Journal
Water Research
Water Resources Research:  A Journal of the Sciences of Water
Western Fisheries
                                234

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-670/2-75-059
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
February 1975 - April 1975
7. AUTHOR(S)
Floyd A. DeWitt, Jr., and Penelope Melvin
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
National Environmental Research Center
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
5. REPORT DATE
June 1975 (Issuing Date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BB041 (ROAP 21BEA, Task
008)
11. 9PW>«fX3r/GRANT NO.
R-803063
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Quarterly, Feb. 1975-Apr. 1975
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
See also EPA-670/2-75-003 (PB-240 719) and EPA-670/2-75-044
16. ABSTRACT
 This  report is the third quarterly compilation of oil  spill  events and oil  pollution
 report summaries.  Presented  in  the report are:  (a)  summaries of oil spill  events;
 (b) summaries and bibliographic  literature citations;  (c)  summaries of current
 research projects; and  (d) patent summaries.  This report  is submitted in partial
 fulfillment of EPA Grant No.  R-803063 by the Marine Science  Institute, University  of
 California, Santa Barbara, under the sponsorship of the  Environmental Protection
 Agency.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
Bibliographies
Summaries
Patents
Documents
Research
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Oil pollution
Oil spill events
Oil spill research
Oil pollution control
Oil pollution patents
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI Field/Group
13B
21. NO. OF PAGES
247
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                            235
                                                 •fr U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1975-657-594/5406 Region No. 5-11

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                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                Industrial Waste Treatment Research Laboratory
                           Edison, New Jersey  08817
           We are requesting your assistance upon receiving this report  ("Oil
      Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, February 1975 - April  1975").


           Is the information usable?
           Is the format helpful?


           We invite your comments and suggestions.  Thank you.
O)
s-
0)
(J

                             Name
                             Organization^


                             Address

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Mr. J. S. Dorrler
Industrial Waste Treatment Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Edison, New Jersey  08817
o
c
ri-

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