xvEPA
                 United States
                 Environmental Protection
                 Agency
                 Solid Waste and
                 Emergency Response
                 5403W
EPA510-F-93-027
October 1993
Soil Remediation For
UST Sites
Excavation And  Off-Site
Treatment
                   Excavation and off-site treatment is a method for
                   removing contaminants from small volumes (less than
                 1,000 cubic yards) of soil that cannot be treated
                 effectively on site. Contaminated soil is excavated and
                 then treated. Typical treatment facilities include:
                   • Low temperature thermal desorption facilities

                   • Asphalt plants

                   • Incinerators
                 This technique can be used with many different kinds of
                 soils and contaminants. It offers the benefit of actually
                 destroying contaminants rather than simply moving them
                 from one location to another.
                    Petroleum Types And Constituents

                    • All types of petroleum products

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Excavation And Off-Site Treatment
Advantages
limitations
System
Components
Wastestream
Treatment
Parameters to
Monitor1
Cleanup Levels
and Timing2
Costs3
• Easy and rapid to implement
• Destroys contaminants
• Minimizes long-term liability
• Can reuse some types of soil for backfill
• Effective on soils with varying concentrations and
constituents
• Expensive for large volumes of soil with low contaminant
concentrations, high moisture, or clay content
• Transportation costs can be high
• System components can include:
« Excavation equipment
• Trucking equipment
• Equipment for sorting and sizing
• Rotary dryer or kiln
• Thermal screw
• Off gas treatment equipment
• Air emissions equipment
• Contaminant concentrations in pre- and post-treatment
soil
• Can excavate to cleanup standards
• >99% removal efficiency
• Typically completed in 1 to 3 days
• For an average site4, $70,000 to $180,000 ($70
$180/cu yd)
to
'"Parameters to monitor are for performance purposes only; compliance monitoring parameters vary by state.
Cleanup standards are determined by the slate.
^Costs include equipment, and operation and maintenance.
4An "average site" assumes minimal delays in corrective action and a moderately heterogeneous and permeable subsurface.

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