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6-7
shows compliance costs as a percent of sales of almost 3 percent, and costs as
a percent of profits exceeding 3 percent. The Lawn and Garden Services (SIC
782) model in the agricultural service industry group, shows potential impacts
slightly higher than Plating and Polishing, with costs as a percent of sales
at about 2 percent.
For each of these model plants, a third and more detailed screening was
conducted to determine if plant closures appear probable. This screen used
discounted net present value (NPV) analysis of cash flows to determine if
closure is likely. The NPV including compliance costs, of all models were
greater than zero, indicating that closures are unlikely because of the SQG
regulations.
6.2.2 Industry Compliance Costs
Impacts of the compliance costs on the major industry groups are
relatively insignificant. The costs of compliance as a percent of industry
revenues are not expected to exceed 0.2 percent for any individual industry.
Exhibit 6-3 shows, for each of the major industry groups, the types and
amounts of wastes generated, the costs expressed as annual revenue
requirements, the major SIC industries in the group along with the associated
revenues, and the impacts expressed as incremental costs as percentage of
total revenues. In metal manufacturing, 34,600 MT of spent solvents are
generated. The costs of disposing of this waste amounts to almost $7
million. Other wastes generated in this group are acids/alkalis (12,000 MT)
and spent plating wastes (4,500 MT). The total amount of waste is about
60,000 MT. The total cost to be incurred by this industry group is $10
million. The SIC industries included in metal manufacturing are classified in
the 2-digit groups from SIC 34 to SIC 39. Incremental compliance cost as a
percent of total revenue of these 2-digit SIC industry groups is .001 percent
(the total revenues exceed $800 million).
The vehicle maintenance industry generates close to 50,000 MT of waste,
primarily spent solvents (35,200 MT). Over 12,000 MT of acids and alkalis are
generated in this group. Total compliance costs for managing the wastes
generated by this industry group are about $9 million. This amounts to less
than .1 percent of the total revenues generated by the 3-digit SIC industry
group of automotive repair shops.
The photography and printing groups generate 16,100 MT and 13,200 MT of
wastes respectively. In each group, photographic waste is the largest amount
of waste generated. Compliance costs for each of the groups are about $2
million. The remaining groups shown on Exhibit 6-3 each generate less than
10,000 MT annually. The total compliance cost in each of these groups is less
than $4 million (revenues for SICs 711, 721, 782 are not available). These
costs are relatively insignificant when compared to the revenues of the
applicable SIC industry groups. The compliance costs in the groups are less
than .05 percent of revenues.
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6-10
With the very low aggregate compliance costs and few anticipated closures,
industry effects on production, employment, profitability and prices are
likely to be insignificant. Individual SQGs, especially small-sized, large-
volume generators, may experience significant impacts, but these will be
limited in number. Moreover, SQGs account for less than half of any given
industry's output, often less than even 5 percent.
6.2.3 Effects on Society
The effects of SQG regulations on society mainly consist of the additional
costs that will be borne by SQGs, their consumers, and the taxpayers, through
increased government costs. Thus, to the extent that costs of compliance are
eventually "passed-through" to consumers in the form of higher prices for the
products produced by SQGs, then consumers will bear the costs outlined in
Chapter 4 and in this Chapter. On the other hand, if these costs cannot
easily be passed-through to consumers, then the owners of SQG establishments
or the owners of factors of production used in these firms will bear these
costs.
In either event, society as a whole bears these costs, regardless of the
identities of the particular parties that ultimately bear them. This applies
with equal force to the tax deductibility of compliance costs. If SQGs can
deduct the costs imposed by the regulations, then the government also bears
some of the costs in the form of reduced tax revenues. Thus, it is the sum of
the post-tax costs of compliance and the implied reduction in tax revenues
received by the government that measures the total costs to society. Chapter 4
calculated total costs of the SQG regulations on a pre-tax basis as about $58
million per year. Hence, this plus the approximately $12 million per year in
government costs is the total burden of the regulations on society.
6.3 EFFECTS UNDER OTHER REGULATORY ALTERNATIVES
The economic effects of other regulatory alternatives are addressed here
qualitatively in terms of how they differ from Regulatory Alternative 1
(Options G2-F2). The other regulatory alternatives are:
Regulatory Alternative 2 (Options G2-F1)
Regulatory Alternative 3 (Options G1-F1)
Regulatory Alternative 4 (Options G1-F2)
Regulatory Alternative 5 (Options G3-F1)
Regulatory Alternative 6 (Options G3-G2)
The effects discussed are primarily firm-level impacts effects because
industry level impacts will be insignificant (in light of the analysis of
section 6.2) under all regulatory alternatives.
6.3.1. Effects Under Regulatory Alternative 2
»
Effects under this regulatory alternative will be essentially the same as
for Regulatory Alternative 1. The only difference between the two
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alternatives is that the on-site management options under Fl will become
effective six months earlier than under F2. This would result in short-term
adjustments and timing of impacts slightly different from alternative 1, but
not significantly different in magnitude. The compliance costs for individual
generators will not be altered much, particularly because on-site management
is not common among small quantity generators.
6.3.2 Effects Under Regulatory Alternative 3
The effects of this regulatory alternative will be significantly greater
for SQGs in comparison to Regulatory Alternative 1. This is primarily
attributed to the costs associated with full recordkeeping, full manifesting
and biennial reports associated with generator option Gl of this alternative.
Incremental compliance costs for generators will be in the range of 5 to 25
percent higher than for comparable G2 option costs. Moreover, the highest
difference is associated with the smallest generators. Regressivity will
increase costs disproportionately for the smallest generators who already
would experience proportionately higher unit compliance costs under Regulatory
Alternative 1.
6.3.3 Effects Under Regulatory Alternative 4
Economic effects under this alternative will be essentially the same as
under Regulatory Alternative 3. The only difference between the two
alternatives is the six month delay in meeting on-site management requirements
under Alternative 4. This delay is not expected to significantly alter
long-term impacts.
6.3.4 Effects Under Regulatory Alternative 5
The economic impacts associated with this alternative will be greater than
Regulatory Alternative 1, but less than Regulatory Alternatives 3 or 4. A
preliminary analysis of incremental compliance costs showed that plant- or
firm-level compliance costs under this alternative would be about 3 to 12
percent more than for compliance under Regulatory Alternative 1. Again, these
are mainly additional recordkeeping costs because the biennial report is not
required.
6.3.5 Effects Under Regulatory Alternative 6
This alternative differs from Regulatory Alternative 5 only by delaying
on-site management requirements by six months. As in previous cases, this
difference should not change the economic impacts significantly.
6.4 EFFECTS ON SMALL ENTITIES
The Regulatory Flexibility Act requires agencies to prepare initial and
final regulatory flexibility analyses for any rule that will cause a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities. The key steps
in preparing these analyses are as follows:
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6-12
Identify the universe of "small entities" affected by
the rule;
Determine if a "substantial number" of small entities
will be affected by the rule; and
Evaluate if the rule will have "significant" impacts
on these "small entities".
The Small Quantity Generator regulations primarily affect small firms.
Therefore, the concerns of the Regulatory Flexibility Act for the effects of
the regulations on small businesses are addressed to a large extent by the
overall economic analysis performed on the regulations.
Three commonly accepted tests to measure whether or not small businesses
would be severely impacted are:
(1) Annual compliance costs will increase the relevant production
costs for small entities by more than five percent.
(2) Capital costs of compliance will represent a significant portion
of the capital available to small entities, taking into account
internal cash flow plus external financing capabilities; or
(3) The costs of the regulation will likely result in closure of small
entities.
The significance of SQG compliance costs on small businesses can be
analyzed using the results described in section 6.2 for the different types
and sizes of model plants modeled. In general, the analysis in section 6.2
suggests that the SQG regulations will not cause significant impacts on small
firms. None of the model plants established for this analysis show cost
increases of more than five percent of sales as a direct result of compliance
costs. The favored regulatory alternative requires no significant capital
outlays and thus should not affect capital requirements or availability.
Finally, even the most severely impacted model plants would not close under
the assumptions of this exercise and would continue to operate at a profit.
In summary, it appears that the impact on small firms will not cause a
significant number of hardships. There will be cases where compliance costs
for some individual firms may be severe, i.e., on-site management or
transportation greater than 200 miles. These are likely to be isolated cases,
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7. SUMMARY AND LIMITATIONS OF THE ANALYSIS
7.1 SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS
Chapters 4, 5, and 6 report the results of our analysis of the incremental
costs of compliance of the regulations proposed for SQGs. It is useful to
summarize those results, to discuss their sensitivity to changes in important
input data, and to highlight some limitations of the analysis and results.
This section summarizes the results and the following two sections discuss
sensitivity of the results and limitations of the analysis.
Analytically, the analysis of the costs of the regulation was divided into
(1) incremental costs to society as a whole, (2) costs to government, and (3)
economic impacts on firms and industries. Our results for each of these
categories are summarized below.
7.1.1 Incremental Costs to Society
Analytically, our method for estimating the incremental compliance costs
of the regulation was to calculate the costs associated with managing
hazardous wastes after the regulation and to subtract from these the costs of
managing these wastes prior to the regulation. On a per metric ton basis, the
average incremental compliance cost over all wastes is about $206. Because of
differences in baseline practices and, hence, the cost of compliance, the
incremental costs vary substantially across different wastes. In fact, the
baseline method of waste management by SQGs is adequate to comply with the
regulations in many cases. Others will have to change waste management
practices in order to comply. After allocating these incremental compliance
costs to the universe of SQGs according to the types of wastes they generate
and their baseline waste management practices, our estimate of the total
incremental cost of the G2-F2 regulatory alternative is about $58 million.
Much of this total is focused on a few types of wastes (spent solvents, dry
cleaning residues, acids and alkalies, and ignitable waste) that constitute a
large proportion of the wastes generated by SQGs.
This $58 million estimate is a cost to society because it is based on
pre-tax costs of compliance. Hence, if the approximately $12 million annual
government costs are added to the $58 million compliance costs, total social
costs of the regulation are approximately $70 million per year.
7.1.2 Costs to the Government
Our analysis of the government costs of the regulations focused on
estimating costs for program administration, technical assistance and public
education programs, and compliance monitoring and enforcement. Under the
G2-F2 regulatory alternative, we estimate that program administration costs
will be about $1 million, technical assistance and public education program
costs will be between $8 and $10 million, and compliance monitoring and
enforcement costs will be $2 to $2.5 million. In total, our estimates of the
government costs due to the regulation range from about $11 to $14 million for
the first year that the regulations are in place. Our best estimate of these
costs is about $12 million.
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7-2
7.1.3 Economic Impacts
Our method for analyzing the economic impacts of the regulations on SQG
firms and on industries with many potentially affected parties was to evaluate
the magnitude of the incremental costs imposed by the regulations relative to
sales, profits, and other financial flows of the potentially affected firms.
By constructing numerous model plants and then assessing the potential
economic impacts of the regulations on the viability of these enterprises, our
conclusion is that the regulations will not cause significant industry impacts
and that few, if any, firms will suffer substantial hardship by complying. In
almost all cases, the model plants analysis indicates that the ratios of
incremental compliance costs to sales and profits do not exceed levels that
would indicate serious financial hardships, and that the discounted cash flows
of the SQGs most affected are still positive after including the compliance
costs associated with the SQG regulations.
7.2 SENSITIVITY OF THE RESULTS
The analysis of the total compliance costs and the economic impacts of SQG
regulations requires a large amount of information. Some of the data that
substantially affect the results are the types and volumes of waste generated;
current waste management practices; compliance options; financial size of
business; profitability of business; proximity to other SQGs, transporters,and
disposal sites; reuse and recycling practices; and specific SQG regulatory
alternatives. Many of these have been discussed individually or jointly in
previous chapters of this report.
There are other factors that also can substantially affect the compliance
costs and the estimated impacts. These include tax considerations, discount
rates used for annualizing costs, and other proposed EPA regulations.
7.2.1 Alternative Waste Generation Rates of SQGs
The compliance cost estimates presented in Chapter 4 assumed that SQGs
generate 6,000 kg/yr. For purposes of estimating social costs of compliance,
using this median generation rate is reasonable, but some sensitivity analysis
is still appropriate.
Two alternative SQG waste generation rates were also modeled, 1,200 kg/yr
and 12,000 kg/yr, based on the detailed compliance cost information presented
in Exhibits 4-5 through 4-15. Using these extreme values for quantities of
wastes generated results in a substantial change in the total compliance costs
($220 million for the 1,200 kg/yr rate and $37 million for the 12,000 kg/yr
rate). However, these are truly extreme cases. The Abt data suggest that the
mean generation rate is between 3,600 kg/yr and 6,000 kg/yr.
Although only the 1,200, 6,000, and 12,000 kg/yr rates are explicitly
modeled here, it is possible to interpolate (nonlinearly) to obtain rough
estimates of the total compliance costs for generation rates of 3,600 and
4,800 kg/yr (the midpoint between 3-.600 and 6,000 kg/yr). The implied
estimates of total compliance costs range from $85 million for the 3,600 kg/yr
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generation rate, $68 million for the 4,800 kg/yr rate, and, as presented
earlier, $58 million for the 6,000 kg/yr rate. Thus, regardless of the
specific average waste generation rate for SQGs selected within the range
provided by the Abt data, the costs never exceed $100 million per year.
Hence, the total compliance cost estimate computed using the 6,000 kg/yr
generation rate is fairly robust.
7.2.2 Impact of Multiple Waste Streams on Baseline and Compliance Costs
The analysis of the baseline and total compliance costs of SQG regulations
was based on the simplifying assumption that each SQG generates only one waste
stream. Further analysis of the top ten waste streams generated by SQG
facilities, however, indicates that many industries are likely to generate
more than one waste. For instance, users or formulators of pesticides who
report generating pesticide washing and rinsing solutions are also likely to
produce waste pesticides and empty pesticide containers as part of their
facility's operations.
An estimate of the number and type of waste streams generated by SQG
facilities was developed to determine whether or not baseline or compliance
costs would be impacted by more than one waste stream. SQG facilities are
likely to generate two or three waste streams, although in some industries, as
many as five different waste streams may be generated. For example, a small
metal fabricating shop will probably generate three to five of the following
wastes: ignitable paint wastes, spent solvents, paint wastes with heavy
metals, and spent plating and cyanide wastes if metal finishing operations are
also conducted. Industries in which it is likely that only one waste stream
is generated are funeral services (wastes containing formaldehyde) and dry
cleaning establishments (filtration residues). These two industries,
respectively, account for the majority of the waste formaldehyde and dry
cleaning wastes generated each year by small quantity generators.
The anticipated impact on the estimated baseline and compliance costs of
managing multiple waste streams at an SQG facility is believed to be
negligible. In considering impacts to baseline management costs, facilities
with more than one waste stream are not very likely to treat their wastes on
site, particularly if it necessitates more than one treatment system to be
installed. In these instances, POTW disposal and off-site management are the
most likely compliance practices, with a limited percentage of facilities
operating their own treatment systems only for wastes that can be treated in
one system. Costs for commercial treatment or disposal should also remain
relatively unchanged from previous estimates on the basis that many of the
wastes are either combined in the same container (i.e., the wastes are
compatible) or have very similar treatment or disposal prices. Prices for
commercial transportation are based on quantity shipped and therefore should
not be affected.
Baseline and incremental compliance costs for container storage also
remain unchanged from previous estimates because the existing assumption
allows for a sufficient number of containers and space to segregate ignitable,
reactive, and incompatible wastes generated by an SQG with multiple waste
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7-4
streams. In cases where incompatible or reactive wastes are generated and
waste segregation with separate containers is necessary (e.g., spent plating
wastes and cyanide wastes at a metal finishing operation) the existing cost
estimates remain valid.
7.2.3 Tax Considerations
Tax deductibility of costs is, in effect, a subsidy from government
(society) through reduced tax obligations. One implication of tax
deductibility is that the net cost actually faced by the regulated f i r:n is
less than the pre-tax cost used in the analysis of this report for assessing
the economic impacts of SQG regulations. For the cost to society, it is the
pre-tax cost that is relevant. For economic impacts on firms and industries,
the post-tax costs is the appropriate measure of costs faced by regulated
parties. Thus, using the pre-tax costs of the regulation in the economic
impacts analysis is conservative in the sense that the net of tax costs faced
by regulated firms will be smaller than those used in the analysis.
The tax deductibility issue, however, is important in SQG regulations for
another reason -- because of the great variance in marginal tax rates among
generators. Small quantity generators can fall in any of the tax increments
of the Federal (and state) tax laws. Current corporate marginal tax rates are:
Profit Before Tax Marginal Tax Rate
$1 - $25,000 15%
75,000 - 50,000 18
50,001 - 75,000 30
75,001 - 100,000 40
100,001 or more 46
Under traditional regulations, such as large quantity generator
regulations, most, if not all, of the regulated business community are assumed
to have similar marginal tax rates. This is not the case with SQG regulations.
Tax considerations cause the direct impacts on generators to be
potentially regressive, i.e., small, low quantity generators incur a higher
direct impact than large, higher quantity generators. Furthermore, this means
that it is possible for generators of equivalent quantities of wastes to
experience different effects of the regulation if their marginal tax rates are
substantially unequal. For example, after-tax compliance costs for two
generators producing the same quantity and type of waste, and with similar
current management and compliance options could differ by as much as 31
percent. Specifically, a firm with $25,000 or less in profits before tax
(PBT) would face 85 percent of the expensed compliance costs, but a similar
type of generator with over $100,000 in PBT would face only 54 percent of the
costs.
This tax effect appears to be significant. This study considered 289
types of model plants representing significant numbers of SQGs. A tabulation
of these by PBT showed the following distribution.
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Incremental Compli-
Profit Before Percent of ance Costs Net of
Tax Level Model Plants Tax Cost per $100
< 25,000 17 $85
25,000 - 50,000 17 82
50,001 - 75,000 8 70
75,001 - 100,000 5 60
100,001 or more 53 54
7.2.4 Annuaiizing and Discount Rates
Selecting the appropriate discount rate to use in calculating present
values of costs and benefits and in annualizing costs of compliance is a
difficult task. Rates used in these contexts vary widely and, to date, little
consensus has been reached on what rates are correct in different contexts,
although work in this area is ongoing. For the analysis in this report, a
3 percent (after inflation) rate was used in all areas of the study. There
seems to be some agreement that real rates of discount in this range are
appropriate when examining costs and benefits from a social perspective.
On the other hand, it can be argued that small firms, especially at the
present time, are faced with much higher real interest rates, on the order of
10 percent. In a study such as this one, one might decide to calculate all
annualized costs and present values using two discount rates, one derived from
a social perspective and one derived from a private firm's perspective. It
was determined that the benefits of doing so in this study were not worth the
added complexity and cost. As it turns out, annualizing the initial costs
imposed by the SQG regulations using a 10 percent rate of interest and the
post-tax costs is quite close to the results obtained by annualizing pre-tax
costs using a 3 percent rate of discount. For the economic impacts analysis,
as a consequence, using a lower rate than 10 percent offsets the fact that
pre-tax, rather than post-tax, costs are used in the calculations. Given the
degree of aggregation and the uncertainties about some of the other input
data, adopting this simpler approach of using only one interest rate for both
the social costs analysis and the economic impacts assessment seemed
reasonable.
7.2.5 Other EPA Regulations
Small quantity generators may also be affected by other current or
pending regulations which may alter their responses to SQG regulations and
their financial viability. One such pending regulatory action is the
potential banning of wastes from land disposal (the Land Disposal Restrictions
Program). This may have significant ramifications for individual generators
depending primarily on the specific wastes banned, the generator's location
relative to other off-site disposal options, and its ability to treat waste
on-site. The extent of these potential problems cannot be addressed at this
time, but could be incorporated in related SQG analysis when more specific
information is available on the Land Disposal Restrictions Program.
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Banning certain SQG wastes from land disposal should not have a
significant effect on the overall available capacity of treatment alternatives
because SQGs generate only a small amount of hazardous waste, less than 1
percent of the total. Furthermore most of the hazardous waste from SQGs is
recycled or treated or disposed through POTWs and hence, will not be affected
by land disposal regulations.
SQGs will also be affected by several other pending OSW regulatory
activities. These include:
Tank regulations;
Used/waste oil regulations;
Burning/blending hazardous waste as fuel; and
Prohibiting nonhazardous liquids from Subtitle C
facilities.
Finally, some SQGs also are currently subject to Clean Water Act and Clean Air
Act regulations. While these and other regulations may be minor taken
individually, the combination of existing and planned regulations may impose
significant financial burdens on individual SQGs which this study did not
address.
7.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE ANALYSIS
In any study of the costs and impacts of regulations, certain limitation
of data and results exist. This is especially true of the analysis of the SQG
regulations primarily because of the nature of the regulations. These
regulations do not necessarily affect most firms in an industry, but they
affect a large number of diverse and dissimilar firms in many industries.
Hence, data requirements for studying the costs and impacts of these
regulations naturally outstrip available information.
Some specific limitations of the current study, some of which are
potentially remediable given additional data development and research are as
follows:
The SQG survey conducted by Abt covered only 60
percent of the SICs potentially affected by SQG
regulations. For those industries covered, the data
were generally incomplete -- data were not available for
the appropriate sizes of firms and, frequently, the
observations within size categories were very limited.
Thus, extensive use of analogous industry assumptions
were required to estimate the number and characteristics
of SQGs in certain 4-digit SICs and to estimate waste
types and quantities for model plants.
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Compliance costs are location dependent, i.e.,
proximity to TSD facility, but no data were available
from which to adjust model plant, industry, or aggregate
compliance costs for this variable.
Firm impacts and closure analysis are based on median
values obtained from the Small Business Administration's
FINSTAT data. In some model plant categories (1-9
employees), financial variability among firms is great
and some closures would occur among low profit firms.
Within the context of our economic analysis, these would
be considered to be atypical operations even though
several, in absolute numbers, may exist in certain
segments of certain industries.
In many cases, it was difficult to interpret the
responses in the survey of SQGs, especially regarding
current waste management practices. Multiple practices
were reported and some categories were quite vague, so
that considerable professional judgement had to be
exercised in identifying current practices.
The assumption made throughout the analysis in this
report is that there will be full compliance with the
SQG regulations. To the extent that this is not true,
both costs and benefits will presumably be reduced.
Some of these limitations are potentially remediable given additional data
collection and development, but it is not clear how much additional
information would be gained from doing so.
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APPENDIX A
WASTE STREAM CHARACTERIZATIONS
This appendix documents the major characteristics of the twenty-seven
waste streams defined by Abt Associates as those produced by small quantity
generators. Each characterization is divided into two sections: the first
provides information on the quantities of waste generated and the second
describes properties of a typical waste from the category. For each waste
stream, the first exhibit lists the SICs that are the main generators of that
waste and the second exhibit lists the major constituents of the waste stream
and summarizes the properties that are relevant to waste management practices.
In this Appendix, the waste streams are numbered sequentially to avoid
confusion. However, to aid cross-reference to Abt survey information, the
waste stream number as designated by Abt is given in parentheses after the
name of each waste.
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A-2
Al. WASTE PESTICIDES (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 1)
Waste pesticides are generated by industries that use, produce, formulate,
or distribute pesticides. There are a total of 25 SICs identified by Abt
(1984) that produce waste pesticides in concentrated form rather than dilute
rinsing solutions or empty containers.
A1.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit Al-1 lists the SIC codes of the 25 industries generating waste
pesticides and the quantity generated by each according to the 1984 Abt
Survey. Total waste quantity is 104,768.7 kg/month. Abt data show that 25.8
percent of the firms generating waste pesticides produce a total waste
quantity of greater than 100 kg/month. These firms produce 68.1 percent (or
71,397 kg/month) of the total amount of waste pesticides.
Question 22 of the Abt survey provided respondents the opportunity to
indicate which wastes they generated, in addition to those for which they
received specific questionnaires, by simply checking a space next to each
waste category generated. No quantity data were requested to supplement the
yes or no answer. For waste pesticides, 26 additional industries were so
identified.
A1.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit Al-2 shows a typical waste stream in this category determined by
analogy with two WET model1 waste streams (numbers 02.03.90 and 02.03.91).
Exhibit Al-3 shows a waste toxaphene stream adapted from WET model stream
02.03.01, generated by SIC 2879, formulators of agricultural and household
pest control chemicals. The WET model estimates a 30,000 ppm pesticide
concentration for chlordane and parathion and 10,000 ppm for toxaphene; the
10,000 ppm estimate in Exhibit Al-2 is arrived at using an average solubility
for several widely used pesticides.
1 ICF Incorporated. 1984. The RCRA Risk-Cost Analysis Model, Phase III
Report. Prepared for the Office of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, March 1, 1984. This model is commonly known as the waste-environment-
technology (WET) model.
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EXHIBIT A1-1
GENERATORS OF WASTE PESTICIDES
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)*
711 82
721 46,489
724 849
780 942
782 5,504
783 162
2800 988
2819 .7
2820 489
2840 4
2841 146
2870 . 1,491
2879 193
5161 4,215
5191 8,655
5251 8,807
5311 ' 305
7341 14,227
7349 6,410
7391 5
7900 5
7990 3
7992 4,225
8249 496
8421 78
Total SICs 25 Total Waste 104,768.72
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
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EXHIBIT Al-2
WASTE PESTICIDES
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
BOD
Liquid
Intermittent (users, distributors) or
continuous (producers)
.25
.2
1.1
N/A*
30,000 kJ/Kg
N/A
.2
0.0
Concentration
Constituent
Pesticide
10,000-30,000
Molecular
Weight
Vapor
Pressure
"Pesticide specific.
EXHIBIT A1-3
TOXAPHENE WASTE
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
BOD
Liquid
Continuous
.25
.22
1.3
10,000 kJ/Kg
0.0
.2
N/A
Constitutent
Concentration
(ppm)
Molecular
Weight
Vapor
Pressure
Toxaphene
10,000
414
.3
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A2. PESTICIDE RINSING SOLUTIONS (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 2)
Pesticide rinsing solutions are obtained when pesticide containers are
rinsed prior to disposal. These wastes are generated by 32 industries which
are users or producers of pesticides.
A2.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A2-1 lists the 32 industries generating pesticide rinsing
solutions and the quantities generated by each as reported in the 1984 Abt
survey. Total quantity is 505,758 kg/month.
The Abt data indicates that 36.6 percent of the firms generating rinsing
solutions produce more than 100 kg/month of total waste. These firms account
for 82.6 percent (or 418,532 kg/month) of total pesticide rinsing solutions.
Question 22 of the Abt survey identifies an additional 25 SIC codes that
generate pesticide rinsing solutions, but for which quantity data are
unavailable.
A2.2 Waste Characterization
Exhibit A2-2 shows a typical pesticide rinsing solution waste stream. The
concentration of pesticide (ppm) is estimated from ERGO (1978), which notes
that one rinse of containers generated a solution containing 2,000-10,000 ppm
pesticide. One rinse was assumed for all rinsed containers. Solubilities (in
mg/1) of several widely used pesticides were used to obtain a "typical"
concentration of 10,000 ppm of pesticide in the original solution, therefore,
the low end of the reported scale, i.e., 2,000 ppm was taken as the
concentration in the rinsing solution.
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EXHIBIT A2-1
GENERATORS OF PESTICIDE RINSING SOLUTIONS
Total SICs
SIC
Code
711
721
729
780
782
783
1711
2800
2819
2820
2834
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2870
2879
2899
5161
5191
5251
7342
7349
7391
7900
7990
7992
8249
8420
8421
8922
32
Quantity
(kg/month)1
6,501
76,898
10,551
14,275
108,104
1,584
97
2,742
103
1,467
342
12,069
6,418
4,353
6,806
495
784
1,306
57
716
4,946
4,320
168,144
6,891
313
1,234
284
60,524
911
1,984
538
35
Total Waste 505,758.O2
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
zTotal may not add due to rounding.
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EXHIBIT A2-2
PESTICIDE RINSING SOLUTION WASTE
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Average Specific Gravity
Fraction Ash:
Fraction Chlorine:
Heating Value:
PH:
BOD:
Liquid
Intermittent
.002
0.0
1.0
.02*
Dependent on pesticide
Dependent on pesticide
N/A
0.0 (generally not biodegradable)
Constituent
Pesticide
Concentration
(ppm)
2,000
Molecular
Weight
Vapor
Pressure
N/A**
*Basically dirt, estimated by analogy to WET wastewater streams.
v*Pesticide specific.
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A3. EMPTY PESTICIDE CONTAINERS (WASTE STREEM NUMBER 3)
This waste stream is generated by 26 industries which use or produce
pesticides and thus generate empty containers.
A3.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A3-1 shows the generating 26 industries and quantities generated
by each according to the 1984 Abt survey. Total waste quantity is 304,879.9
kg/month. Abt data show that 16.7 percent of the firms generating empty
pesticide containers produce greater than 100 kg/month of waste. These firms
produce 64.7 percent (197,185.2 kg/month) of total empty pesticide
containers. Question 22 of the Abt survey identifies an additional 44 SIC
codes as producers of this waste.
A3.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A3-2 shows a waste stream with typical characteristics. TRW
(1979) data were used extensively to estimate the amount of pesticide
remaining in each container and thus the concentration of pesticide in the
waste. Specifically, an estimate of 93 ml of pesticide solution remaining in
each five gallon container was scaled up to 30 gallon and 55 gallon container
size, and multiplied by TRW's estimated distribution of container sizes to
obtain an average amount of pesticide solution remaining in containers. This
was translated into parts per million using average density (g/ml) and
solubility (mg/1) values for several well known pesticides, giving an average
of about 500 ppm. Clearly, this number is pesticide specific and may vary
substantially depending on the type of pesticide in the waste containers. The
specific gravity of solids was estimated assuming that the containers are
rigid PVC or that they are aluminum, giving widely varying results. Both are
reported in Exhibit A3-2.
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EXHIBIT A3-1
GENERATORS OF EMPTY PESTICIDE CONTAINERS
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
700 277
711 578
721 119,055
729 261
780 3,586
782 65,353
783 3,813
1623 11,705
1711 4
2800 105
2819 178
2820 54
2841 4
2842 11
2870 123
2879 3,935
4210 624
5161 438
5191 2,990
5531 79
7342 51,699
7349 6,434
7391 24
8249 1,194
8421 223
8922 3
Total SICs 26 Total Waste 304,879.92
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2Total may not add due to rounding.
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EXHIBIT A3-2
EMPTY PESTICIDE CONTAINER WASTES
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Solid
Intermittent
1.0
Not applicable
Aluminum containers - 2.7
Rigid PVC containers - 1.4
Aluminum containers - 2.7
Rigid PVC containers - 1.4
0.0
Aluminum containers - 0.0
Rigid PVC containers - .5
0.0
7.0
0.0
Constituent
Pesticide
Concentration
(ppm)
500*
Molecular
Weight
N/A*
Vapor
Pressure
N/A*
Pesticide specific.
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A4. HEAVY METAL DUST (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 6)
Heavy metal dust is generated by highly diverse industries, from inorganic
chemical production to transportation equipment. Thus a single characteriza-
tion that will apply to waste generated by all industries is difficult, as
different metals are likely to appear in varying amounts in the wastes.
A4.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A4-1 shows the 13 generating industries and the corresponding
kg/month of wastes produced according to Abt survey data. Total quantity is
14,413.3 kg/month. Abt data indicate 45.1 percent of the firms generating
heavy metal dust generate greater than 100 kg/month of total waste. These
firms account for 94.3 percent (or 13,597.6 kg/month) of total heavy metal
dust. Question 22 of the Abt survey identifies an additional 36 SIC codes
which generate heavy metal dust.
A4.2 Waste Characteristics
A typical heavy metal dust stream is shown in Exhibit A4-2, adapted from a
WET model stream (05.01.01) generated by SIC 3312, steel production. Other
heavy metal dust waste streams included in the model's data base give metal
concentrations ranging from 180 ppm (cadmium concentration in electric arc
furnace dust) to 120,000 ppm (lead concentration in emission control dust from
lead smelting). Clearly the metal concentration is highly variable, though
the other characteristics are roughly constant.
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EXHIBIT A4-1
GENERATORS OF HEAVY METAL DUST
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
2800 4
2810 4,520
2819 1,298
2840 2
2893 6,901
2899 174
3200 19
3211 5
3540 21
3674 .4
3710 1,467
3851 1
7391 1
Total SICs 13 Total Waste 14,413.32
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2Total may not add due to rounding.
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Constituent
Cadmium
Chromium VI
Lead
A-13
EXHIBIT A4-2
HEAVY METAL DUST
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
pH:
BOD:
Concentration
1,000
500
15,000
Solid
Continuous
1.0
Not applicable
4.41
4.41
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.6
0.0
Molecular
Weight
112
52
207
Vapor
Pressure
0
0
0
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A5. CYANIDE WASTES (WASTE. STREAM NUMBER 8)
Cyanide wastes are primarily generated by SICs 3470 (metal services) and
1711 (plumbing, heating, and air conditioning). The 1984 Abt survey
identified 15 other SICs that are generators of cyanide wastes and provided
quantity data.
A5.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A5-1 lists the 17 SICs generating cyanide wastes and the quantity
generated by each according to the 1984 Abt survey. Total waste quantity is
178,833.4 kg/month. Abt data show that 70.2 percent of the firms generating
cyanide wastes produce over 100 kg/month total waste and generate 99.2 percent
(or 177,386.4 kg/month) of the total cyanide waste. Question 22 of the Abt
survey identified 18 other SICs that generate cyanide wastes but for which no
quantity data are available.
A5.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A5-2 describes a typical cyanide waste determined by analogy with
the waste streams included in the RCRA Risk-Cost Analysis Model. We compared
the SICs given by the model and the SICs listed in Exhibit A5-1. Four of the
SICs listed in Exhibit A5-1--2819, 339, 347, and 3692--appear in the model.
We also had to determine whether the waste streams representing those four
SICs were cyanide wastes. Cyanide wastes contain hydrogen cyanide or its
alkali metal salts which are lethal to man at very low doses.
Nine waste streams that represent SIC 2819 (industrial inorganic
chemicals) are included in the WET model and are shown in Exhibit A5-3. They
include hydrogen cyanide and the following salts: barium, calcium, copper,
nickel, potassium, silver, sodium and zinc. Each of these nine streams is a
RCRA P-listed waste that contains 10 percent of cyanide and 90 percent of
inert materials. P-listed wastes are discarded commercial chemical products
and are often generated by small quantity generators. Quantity information
from the WET model (Exhibit A5-3) indicates that only two streams, copper and
hydrogen cyanide, are above the 1,000 kg/month limit.
There are two waste streams in the model which represent SIC 339
(miscellaneous primary metal products) (Exhibit A5-3). They are both RCRA
F-listed wastes (F010 and F012) that contain 1.76 and 5 percent of cyanide.
F-listed wastes are hazardous wastes from non-specific sources. Only F012,
quenching wastewater treatment sludge from metal heat treating operations where
cyanides are used in the process, is generated in small quantities (1 kg/day).
Four waste streams represent SIC 347 (electroplating). Three of them
contain cyanide as well as other metals such as cadmium, copper, chromium and
nickel. Two of these streams are RCRA F-listed wastes and contain 50 and 75
ppm of cyanide. The other streams are not listed under RCRA. The spent
electroless nickel plating process solution is the only stream generated in
small quantities (30 kg/day). Exhibit A5-3 indicates the concentrations of
the constituents of concern and the quantity generated for each of the streams
previously mentioned.
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P A-15
1
EXH
IBIT A5-1
1 GENERATORS OF CYANIDE WASTES
m sic
Code
* 711
2711
12800
2819
2893
2899
3400
M 3470
3471
13479
3500
3600
13674
3692
3822
3910
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Total SICs: 17
Quantity
(kg/month) 1
40,873
5,286
133
81
168
217
4,055
51,264
14,015
.233
11
18,160
12
16
22,054
22,186
70
178, 833. 42
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from
1 National aggregate total for each
» appear along with the corresponding
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
1
1
1
1
1
the Abt Survey information.
SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
2-digit SIC. In these cases the
are exclusive of the quantities shown for
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A-16
EXHIBIT A5-2
CYANIDE WASTE
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
BOD
Liquid
Intermittent
0.2
0.02
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
Constituent
Cyanide
Chromium
Nickel
Concentration
(ppm)
50,000
50,000
50,000
Molecular
Weight
27
52
59
Vapor
Pressure
658.7
0
0
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CYANI
IN E
SIC EPA Waste
Code Code ID
2819 P013 060111
2819 P021 060112
2819 P029 060113
2819 P074 060114
2819 P098 060115
2819 P104 060116
2819 P106 060117
2819 P121 060122
2819 P063 060505
3398 F010 010302
F011
3398 F012 010303
3471 F006 010116
F008
A-17
EXHIBIT A5-3
CYANIDE WASTES GENERATED BY SIC CODES LISTED
IN EXHIBIT A5-1 AND INCLUDED IN WET MODEL
Name, Constituents of Concern, Concentration
Barium Cyanide
Cyanide (0.1)
Calcium Cyanide
Cyanide (0.1)
Copper Cyanide
Cyanide (0.1)
Nickel Cyanide
Cyanide (0.1)
Potassium Cyanide
Cyanide (0.1)
Silver Cyanide
Cyanide (0.1)
Sodium Cyanide
Cyanide (0.1)
Zinc Cyanide
Cyanide (0.1)
Hydrogen Cyanide
Cyanide (0.1)
Heat Treatment Wastes
Cyanide (0.05)
Quenching wastewater treatment sludges
from metal heat treating operations where
cyanides are used in the process
Cyanides (0.0176)
Wastewater treatment sludges from
electroplating operations
Copper (0.0018), Chromium (0.00068),
Cadmium (0.00035), Lead (0.0004), and
Nickel (0.00365)
Quantity
per
Facility
(kg/day)
0.0
3.0
3,187.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
5.0
0.3
76,481.0
200.0
1.0
300.0
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A-18
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EXHIBIT A5-3 (Continued)
CYANIDE WASTES GENERATED BY SIC CODES LISTED
IN EXHIBIT A5-1 AND INCLUDED IN THE WET MODEL
SIC EPA Waste
Code Code ID
Name, Constituents of Concern, Concentration
3471 F007 010202 Spent cleaning and electroplating
F009 process solutions
Cadmium (0.0001), Copper (0.00014),
Cyanide (0.000075), Chromium (0.00017),
and Nickel (0.0015)
3471 N/A 010204 Spent electroless nickel plating process
solutions.
Copper (0.000024), Cyanide (0.000006),
Fluorides (0.000009), and Nickel (0.000023)
3471 N/A 010205
Untreated rinse water from electroplating
Copper (0.000006), cyanide (0.00005),
Chromium (0.000017), Nickel (0.000002), and
Zinc (0.000003).
Quantity
per
Facility
(kg/day)
1,200.0
30.0
10,500.0
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A-19
To obtain additional information we also considered waste streams from the
WET model representing SICs that were not included in the Abt survey because
they are large quantity generators. Three streams representing three
different SICs are included in the model. They contain cyanides at
concentrations ranging from 80 to 7,400 ppm as well as other hazardous
constituents such as phenol, arsenic, chromium, acrylonitrile and
acetonitrile. Exhibit A5-4 contains a summarized description of these three
waste streams. According to the model, one of the streams, F019, wastewater
treatment sludges from the chemical conversion coating of aluminum, is
generated in small quantities (9 kg/day) and so it should have been included
as a waste from small quantity generators.
We combined the sixteen waste streams described in Exhibit AS-3 with the
three waste streams described in Exhibit A5-4 to determine the characteristics
of a cyanide waste. It appears that small quantity generators are more likely
to generate P-listed wastes or commercial discarded products rather than high
volume wastewaters. Therefore, a "typical" cyanide waste would probably
contain cyanide and one or two metals such as chromium or nickel at
concentrations of between 10,000 and 100,000 ppm.
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A-20
EXHIBIT A5-4
CYANIDE WASTES INCLUDED IN THE WET MODEL
SIC EPA Waste
Code Code ID Name, Constituents of Concern, Concentration
3312 K060 010301 Ammonia still lime sludge from coking
operations
Cyanide (0.0074), phenol (0.001) and
arsenic (0.0011)
N/A F019 010304 Wastewater treatment sludges from the
chemical conversion coating of aluminum
cyanide (0.00008) and chromium (0.0001)
2869 K011 020202 Bottom streams from the production of
K013 acrylonitrile
K014 Acrylonitrile (0.0004), cyanide (0.0003),
and Acetonitrile (0.006).
Quantity
per
Facility
(kg/day)
3,200.0
9.0
1,452,500.0
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A6. PHOTOGRAPHIC WASTES (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 9)
Photographic wastes are generated by the printing, publishing,
photocopying, photographing, and photofinishing industries. This waste
overlaps with waste number 33, ink sludge with chromium or lead, generated by
the printing and publishing industry (SIC 27) and waste number 16, spent
solvents.
A6.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A6-1 lists the 34 SICs generating this waste and the quantities
produced by each, according to the 1984 Abt survey. Total quantity is
35,922.1 kg/month. Abt data indicates 18.9 percent of the firms generating
photographic wastes generate more than 100 kg/month total waste, and this 18.9
percent generates 76.1 percent (or 1,168,561.3 kg/month) of the total
photographic waste. Question 22 of the Abt survey identifies an additional 32
SICs generating photographic wastes.
A6.2 Waste Characteristics
The wastes generated by the industries listed are for the most part
included in other waste categories, particularly solvents (9) and waste ink
(33). TRW (1979) indicates wastes produced by SIC 27 include solvents, dyes,
inks, oils, other organics, and photographic chemicals such as developers.
Wastes generated by photofinishing laboratories are primarily solvents such as
acetone and methanol (Forbes 1984). A representative solvent waste stream is
shown in Exhibit A6-2. Wastes generated by SIC 7332 include toner (dry ink)
wastes, and ammonia containers. TRW indicates that only one third of the
establishments will generate ammonia containers because the other two thirds
employ a process using gaseous ammonia. Exhibit A6-3 shows this typical
ammonia stream, based on data supplied in the TRW report and assuming a 50
percent ammonia solution. TRW estimates 193 kg/month of this waste are
generated by SIC code 7332. Exhibit A6-4 shows the waste ink steam (waste
33). Wastes generated by photo processing and photofinishing establishments,
that contain photographic silvers are included and characterized under waste
28, solution with photo silver, rather than here.
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A-22
EXHIBIT A6-1
GENERATORS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC WASTES
Total SICs
SIC
Code
2200
2260
2620
2621
2700
2710
2711
2721
2730
2731
2741
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2760
2761
2790
2791
2793
2795
2823
3555
3823
3993
4899
5161
7300
7330
7332
7333
7395
8249
34
Quantity
(kg/month)1
35
35
115
173
3,201
959
196,550
6,583
522
1,568
63,961
181,149
144,632
43,712
13,242
802
1,404
9,854
201
52,913
4,875
33,323
1,019
4,383
3,179
56
2,940
2,576
1,511
3,932
32,499
183,057
512,669
289
Total Waste 1,535,922.I2
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2Total may not add due to rounding.
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A-23
EXHIBIT A6-2
PHOTOGRAPHIC WASTE
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
BOD
Liquid
Intermittent
0.9
0.1
2.0
1.2
15,000 kJ/Kg
0.0
0.1
N/A
Constituent
Acetone
Methanol
Concentration
(ppm)
200,000
200,000
Molecular
Weight
58
32
Vapor
Pressure
185.0
96.0
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A-24
EXHIBIT A6-3
BLUEPRINTING AMMONIA WASTES
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
pH:
BOD:
Solid
Intermittent
1.0
Not applicable
.95*
.90
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.0**
0.0
Constituent
Concentration
(ppm)
Molecular
Weight
Vapor
Pressure
(mm Hg)
Ammonia
389,000
17
6.46xl03
* Assuming polyethene containers.
**Estimated.
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A-25
EXHIBIT A6-4
INK SLUDGE WITH CHROMIUM OR LEAD
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Liquid
Continuous
.07
.06
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
.05
12.5
0.0
Constituent
Concentration
(ppm)
Molecular
Weight
Vapor
Pressure
(mm Hg)
Chromium VI
Lead
Toluene
150
760
100
52
207
92
0
0
28.7
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A-26
A7. REACTIVE WASTES (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 10)
Reactive wastes are generated primarily by SIC coes 8062 and 8221,
representing hospitals and universities.
A7.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A7-1 lists the 23 SICs generating reactive wastes and the quantity
generated by each according to the 1984 Abt survey. Total waste quantity is
98,166.9 kg/month. About 60 percent of this quantity is generated by
hospitals and universities (SICs 8062 and 8221). Abt data show that 30.5
percent of the firms generating reactive wastes produce a total waste quantity
greater than 100 kg/month. These firms produce 92.5 percent (or 90,825.6
kg/month) of the total amount of reactive wastes. Question 22 of the Abt
survey identified an additional 10 SICs that generate reactive wastes, for
which no quantity data are available.
A7.2 Waste Characterisitcs
The WET Model waste stream data base was used to characterize reactive
wastes generated by small quantity generators. Because the main generators of
reactive wastes are hospitals and universities, reactive wastes are not likely
to include explosives, such as trinitrotoluene. Therefore, a typical reactive
waste would contain cyanide at a concentration of about 100 ppm, and a heavy
metal such as nickel at a concentration of about 1,000 ppm. Exhibit A7-2
lists the main characteristics of a reactive waste.
We compared the SICs given by the model with the SICs listed in Exhibit
A7-1. Only SIC 2869 appears in the model, and it was necessary to determine
whether the waste streams representing this SIC were reactive wastes.
A reactive waste exhibits any of the following properties (40 CFR 261.23):
is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent
change without detonating.
forms potentially explosive mixtures with water.
when mixed with water, generates toxic gases, vapors
or fumes.
is a cyanide or sulfide bearing waste which can
generate toxic gases.
is capable of detonation or explosive reaction.
is a forbidden explosive.
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A-27
EXHIBIT A7-1
GENERATORS OF REACTIVE WASTE
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
2800 4,350
2819 616
2834 38
2869 1,250
2899 2,199
3079 3,918
3350 81
3500 4
3599 30
3674 28
7391 7,267
7397 319
8060 1,174
8062 26,794
8069 18
8071 468
8200 8
8211 2,578
8220 43
8221 33,367
8222 3,606
8249 10
8922 0.4
23 Total Waste 98,166.9
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
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A-28
EXHIBIT A7-2
REACTIVE WASTE
State: Liquid
Generation: Continuous
Fraction Non-water: 0.06
Fraction Suspended: 0.05
Solids Specific Gravity: 2.5
Average Specific Gravity: 1.2
Heating Value: 0.0
Fraction Chlorine: 0.0
Fraction Ash: 0.0
BOC: N/A
Vapor
Concentration Molecular Pressure
Constituent (ppm) Weight (mmHg)
Cyanide 0.000075 27,0 658.7
Nickel 0.0015 59.0 0
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Moreover, for each listed waste included in 40 CFR Part 261, Subpart D, a
hazard code indicates the basis for listing the waste. There is only one
stream in the model generated by SIC 2869 and listed because of its
reactivity. Exhibit A7-3 contains a summarized description of the stream.
Cyanide is one of the constituents of concern, present at a concentration of
3,000 ppm.
Exhibit A7-4 presents reactive wastes included in the model. They are
generated in large quantities (above 1,000 kg per month) by SICs 3471
(electroplating and metal finishing), 3398 (metal heat treating), 2865
(industrial organic chemicals) and 2892 (explosives manufacturing). They
contain heavy metals, cyanide, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and toluene-2,4,-diisocy-
anate.
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A-30
EXHIBIT A7-3
REACTIVE WASTES GENERATED BY SICs LISTED IN
EXHIBIT A7-1 AND INCLUDED IN THE WET MODEL
Quantity
SIC EPA Name, Constituents of Concern, per facility
Code Code Waste ID Concentration (kg/day)
2869 K011 020202 Bottom streams from the production of 1,452,500.0
K013 acrylonitrile (0.0004), cyanide (0.003)
K014 and acetonitrile (0.006).
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A-31
EXHIBIT A7-4
REACTIVE WASTES INCLUDED IN THE WET MODEL
SIC EPA
Code Code Waste ID
3471 F006 010116
F008
3471 F007 010202
F009
3398 F010 010302
F011
2865 K027 030505
2892 K044 010504
K046
2892 K047 020228
2892 K045 030512
2865 U223 060428
Name, Constituents of Concern,
Concentration
Quantity
per facility
(kg/day)
Wastewater treatment sludges from electro- 300.0
plating operations
Copper (0.0018), chromium'(0.00068),
cadmium (0.00035), lead (0.0004) and
nickel (0.00365)
Spent cleaning and electroplating process 1,200.0
solutions
Cadmium (0.0001), copper (0.00016),
cyanide (0.000075), chromium (0.00017)
and nickel (0.0015).
Heat treatment wastes 200.0
Cyanide (0.05)
Centrifuge and distillation residues 37,000.0
from toluene diisocyanate production
Toluene-2,4,-diamine (0.000001) and
Toluene,2,4,-diisocyanate (0.00001)
Waste treatment sludges from the manu- 160.0
facturing and processing of explosives
Lead (0.005)
Pink/red water from TNT operations 55,890.0
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (0.00013)
Spent carbon from the treatment of 166.0
wastewater containing explosives
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (0.0365)
Toluene diisocyanate 141.0
Toluene-2,4-dissocyanate (0.1)
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A-32
A8. STRONG ACID OR ALKALINE WASTES (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 12)
Strong acid or alkaline wastes are primarily generated by SICs 7539
(Automotive Repair shops), 4210 (Trucking) and 3300 (Metals). There are also
91 other SICs identified by Abt (1984) as generators of this waste.
Quantities and characteristics of strong acid or alkaline wastes are difficult
to estimate because of the heterogeneity of the streams generated by numerous
SICs and the variation within each SIC.
A8.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A8-1 lists the 94 SICs generating strong acid or alkaline wastes
and the quantity generated by each according to the 1984 Abt Survey. Total
waste quantity is 2,482,578.3 kg/month. The Abt survey shows that 43.3
percent of the firms generating strong acid or alkaline wastes produce a total
waste quantity greater than 100 kg/month. These firms produce 93.4 percent
(or 2,318,450.9 kg/month) of the total amount of strong acid or alkaline
wastes. Question 22 in the Abt survey identified an additional 22 SICs that
generate strong acid or alkaline wastes, for which no quantity data are
available.
AS.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A8-2 contains the characteristics of a typical strong acid or
alkaline waste. We compared the SICs represented in the WET model and the
SICs listed in Exhibit A8-1. Four of the SICs listed in Exhibit A8-1--2819,
2861, 2869, and 2893--appear in the model. We also had to determine whether
the waste streams representing those four SICs were strong acid or alkaline
wastes. The pH of a stream measures the acidity of the stream; a low pH (less
than 2) corresponds to a strong acid waste, a high pH (greater than 12)
corresponds to a strong alkaline waste. There is no information on the pH of
the stream representing SIC 2819 (Industrial Inorganic Chemicals). Streams
representing SIC 2861 (Gum and Wood Chemicals) have a neutral pH and thus are
not acidic or alkaline. The two remaining SICs--2869 (Industrial Organic
Chemicals) and 2893 (Printing Ink)--are represented by two alkaline and two
acidic streams. Exhibit A8-3 indicates the constituents of concern, their
concentrations, and the pH of each stream. Detailed information contained in
the characterization profiles developed for each waste stream in the model
shows that the acidity of these wastes is due to the presence of chlorhydric
and sulfuric acid in high concentrations (16 and 20 percent) and that the
alkalinity of the wastes is due to the presence of sodium hydroxide (9
percent). These chemicals are ot listed as constituents of concern in the
exhibit as the WET model waste stream data base focuses on toxic
constituents. The four streams listed in Exhibit A8-3 are generated in
quantities greater than 1,000 kg/month; which is the upper limit for small
quantity generators.
In order to increase our knowledge of strong acid or alkaline wastes, we
also considered waste streams from the WET model that represent SICs excluded
from the Abt survey because they generate large quantities of waste. We
combined the eight waste streams described in Exhibit A8-4 with the four waste
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A-33
EXHIBIT A8-1
GENERATORS OF STRONG ACID OR ALKALINE WASTES
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)x
1711 5,242
1743 737
2600 1,414
2621 1,506
2631 47
2649 4,154
2661 470
2700 1,095
2711 226
2731 666
2741 0.2
2750 26,053
2751 7,852
2752 1,052
2753 33,367
2791 3,471
2793 7,967
2800 27,494
2810 0.04
2819 10,485
2821 26
2822 1,177
2830 1,959
2834 969
2840 16,162
2841 296
2842 20,552
2860 558
2861 9
2869 8,367
2893 6,050
2899 13,219
3291 1,317
3300 201,886
3400 18,618
3421 48,728
3429 4,385
3444 5,626
3469 4,603
3470 65,843
3471 79,194
3479 21,768
3490 83,533
3500 56,185
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A-34
EXHIBIT A8-1 (Continued)
GENERATORS OF STRONG ACID OR ALKALINE WASTES
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)
3520 115
3531 131,606
3555 13,794
3559 106
3599 6,925
3600 337
3639 11
3645 9,727
3662 1,624
3670 2,251
3674 117,073
3679 97,490
3692 6
3811 19
3820 461
3822 13,903
3832 61
3842 265
3843 13,982
3851 6,952
3861 41,647
3910 712
3911 5
4210 333,084
5161 34,480
5500 152,096
5511 5,110
5531 34,222
7300 174
7333 133
7349 5,763
7390 566
7391 14,551
7397 18,820
7538 86,175
7539 472,824
7623 2,512
7629 499
8060 4,829
8062 19,850
8069 216
8071 7,750
8072 1,431
8200 6,342
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A-35
EXHIBIT A8-1 (Continued)
GENERATORS OF STRONG ACID OR ALKALINE WASTES
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
8211 13,345
8220 921
8221 12,678
8222 657
8411 20
8922 132
Total SICs: 94 2,482,578.32
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
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A-36
EXHIBIT A8-2
STRONG ACID OR ALKALINE WASTE
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State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
BOD
Liquid
Continuous
0.06
0.05
2.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.05
N/A
Constituent
Lead
Chlorhydric Acid
(or Sodium Hydroxide)
Concentration
(PPm)
500
50,000
50,000
Molecular
Weight
207
36.5
40
Vapor
Pressure
0
0
0
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A-37
EXHIBIT A8-3
STRONG ACID OR ALKALINE WASTES CONTAINED IN THE
WET MODEL AND GENERATED BY SICs LISTED IN EXHIBIT A8-1
SIC
Code
Waste ID Name, Constituents of Concern, Concentration
2869 020208
2869 020214
2869 020219
2893 010503
Wastewater from ethylene dichloride
production by combined process. 1,2
Dichloroethane (0.00869), Vinyl Chloride
(0.0027), Methyl Chloride (0.002),
Chloroform (0.001) and Carbon tetrachloride
(0.000785)
Quench tower wastes from methyl methacrylate
production from acetone cyanohydrin.
Methyl methacrylate (0.0003)
Caustic scrubber effluent from perchloro-
ethylene and carbon tetrachloride production.
Carbon Tetrachloride (0.013)
Mixed metal sludges from ink formulation.
Chromium (0.00015), Lead (0.00076) and
Toluene (0.0001)
14
12.5
Quantity
per
Facility
(kg/day)
23,600
1 358,000
12,000
60
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SIC
Code
2812
3312
3341
2879
2992
2992
3312
3313
A-38
EXHIBIT A8-4
STRONG ACID OR ALKALINE WASTES CONTAINED IN THE WET
AND GENERATED BY SICs NOT LISTED IN EXHIBIT A8-1
Waste ID Name, Constituents of Concern, Concentration pH
010101 Lead sludges from the diaphragm cell 12
process in chlorine production.
Lead (0.0125)
010201 Spent pickle liquor from steel finishing 1.5
operations. Chromium (0.00001) and
lead (0.0001)
010206 Waste leaching solution from acid leaching 2.0
of emission control dust/sludge from
secondary lead smelting. Chromium (0.0002),
lead (0.00006), and cadmium (0.00011)
020227 Untreated wastewater from the production of 0.5
2,4-D. 2,4-D (0.000056), and 2,4,6T (0.000056)
040202 Acid tar from oil re-refining. 1.0
Lead (0.01), Benzoanthracene (0.01), and
Benzopyrene (0.01)
040203 Caustic sludge from re-refining. 13.0
Lead (0.02), Benzoanthracene (0.04), and
Benzopyrene (0.01)
050101 Emission control dust from the primary 12.6
production of steel in electric furnaces.
Cadmium (0.001), Chromium (0.0005), and
Lead (0.015)
050103 Dust and sludge from silicomanganese 13.0
electric furnaces.
Lead (0.0023)
MODEL
Quantity
per
Facility
(kg/day)
11,800
11,700
5,030
4,783
14,600
12,300
18,000
15,800
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
I
1
1
(
1
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A-39
streams described in Exhibit A8-3 to determine the characteristics of a strong
acid or alkaline waste. Among the twelve waste streams contained in Exhibits
A8-3 and A8-4, eight contain lead with concentrations ranging from 60 ppm to
20,000 ppm and four contain chromium with concentrations ranging from 10 ppm to
50 ppm. Therefore, a "typical" acidic or basic waste would probably contain a
strong base or acid in the 10,000-100,000 ppm range and a few metals such as
lead or chromium in the 100-10,000 ppm range.
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A-40
A9. IGNITABLE WASTES (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 14)
Ignitable wastes usually contain flammable oils and solvents. SICs 2434
(Glued Wood Products), 3079 (Plastic Products), 5511 (Motor Vehicles), 7349
(Building Maintenance Services), and 8062 (Hospitals) are the main generators
of this waste.
A9.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A9-1 lists the 88 SICs generating ignitable wastes and the
quantity generated by each according to the 1984 Abt Survey. Total waste
quantity is 707,078.4 kg/month. Abt data show that 24.3 percent of the firms
generating ignitable wastes produce a total waste quantity greater than 100
kg/month. These firms generate 89.3 percent (631,341.5 kg/month) of the total
amount of ignitable wastes. Question 22 of the Abt survey identified an
additional 24 SICs for which no quantity data are available.
A9.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A9-2 shows a typical ignitable waste. The SICs given by the WET
model and the SICs listed in Exhibit A9-1 were compared. Two of the SICs,
2861 and 2869, appear in the model so it was necessary to determine whether
the waste streams representing these two SICs were ignitable wastes.
Ignitable wastes contain constituents such as acetone, aniline, cyclohexane,
tetrahydrofuran, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, xylene, etc. Some of those
constituents are listed as U wastes or discarded commercial chemical products
because of both their ignitability and toxicity. However, we believe that
constituents listed because of both ignitability and toxicity should be
included in categories such as category 15, ignitable paint wastes, and
category 27, paint wastes with heavy metals. Therefore, Exhibit A9-3 shows
hazardous wastes that contain constituents listed only because of their
ignitability. Three of those constituents, acetaldehyde, cyclohexane and
xylene, are included in the WET model. Exhibit A9-4 shows WET model waste
streams that represent SIC 2869 and contain acetaldehyde, cyclohexane, or
xylene. Acetaldehyde is present in four of these five streams in
concentrations ranging from 10 to 85.7 percent.
Exhibit A9-5 shows four WET model waste streams representing SICs other
than 2869 that contain cyclohexane and xylene. Xylene is present in three of
these four streams in concentrations ranging from 10 to 80 percent. All four
streams are generated in small quantities (less than 1,000 kg/month).
From the previous descriptions, it appears that the concentrations of
hazardous constituents are slightly lower for U listed wastes or discarded
commercial chemical products than for other wastes. We also believe that
small quantity generators are more likely to generate U wastes. Therefore, a
typical ignitable waste would be likely to contain either acetaldehyde or
xylene at a concentration of 10 percent.
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A-41
EXHIBIT A9-1
GENERATORS OF IGNITABLE WASTES
SIC
Code
1700
1711
1721
1752
1761
1793
2200
2434
2500
2510
2511
2520
2521
2541
2600
2621
2631
2640
2641
2647
2661
2789
2800
2819
2820
2821
2822
2834
2840
2842
2843
2844
2861
2869
2879
2899
3079
3131
3211
3251
3291
3300
3411
Quantity
(kg/month)
569
741
18,100
3,032
16,371
27
1,378
40,419
526
453
1,116
4,332
1,234
767
269
9,128
373
570
294
829
981
20,959
13,410
1,013
5,330
6,369
3,789
11,478
2,566
1,333
2,743
12,047
5,207
8,675
760
10,492
77,773
14,128
687
2,181
2,142
688
73
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A-42
EXHIBIT A9-1 (Continued)
GENERATORS OF IGNITABLE WASTES
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
3425 274
3442 2,864
3443 299
3444 36
3499 733
3500 26
3531 13
3559 24,969
3569 534
3599 1,040
3670 8,517
3714 260
3829 47
3843 527
3911 201
4469 27,579
4610 68
5160 4
5161 2,059
5230 12
5231 57
5251 517
5511 69,117
7261 5
7300 65
7333 13,780
7349 58,595
7391 6,189
7395 67
7397 15,456
7530 427
7622 10,922
7629 6
7641 9,737
8060 17,384
8062 71,440
8069 2,517
8071 7,509
8072 172
8211 26,484
8220 34
8221 16,683
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A-43
EXHIBIT A9-1 (Continued)
GENERATORS OF IGNITABLE WASTES
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
8222 73
8411 0.8
8922 4,436
Total SICs: 88 707,078.4
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
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A-44
EXHIBIT A9-2
IGNITABLE WASTE
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Sludge
Intermittent
1.0
0.2
2.0
1.4
5,000-10,000 kJ/kg
0.0
0.5
N/A
N/A
Constituent
Acetaldehyde
Xylene
Concentration
(ppm)
100,000
100,000
Molecular
Weight
44
106
Vapor
Pressure
760.0
8.39
EXHIBIT A9-3
WASTES LISTED IN THE WET MODEL BECAUSE OF THEIR IGNITABILITY ONLY
WET No. Waste Code
Ignitable Constituent
06.04.01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
06.04.10
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
06.04.31
U001
U002
U008
U031
U055
U056
U057
U092
U110
U112
U113
U124
U125
U154
U161
U171
U186
U213
U239
Acetaldehyde or ethanol
Acetone or 2-propanone
Acrylic acid or 2-propanoic acid
n-Butyl alcohol or 1-butanol
Cumene or benzene, (1-methylethyl)-
Cyclohexane or benzene hexahydro
Cyclohexanone
Dimethylamine or methanamine, N-methyl-
Dipropylamine or 1-propanamine, N-propyl
Ethyl acetate or acetic acid, ethyl ester
Ethyl ether or ethane l,l'-oxybis-
Furan or furturan
Furfural or 2-furancarboxaldehyde
Methanol or methyl alcohol
Methyl isobutyl ketone or 4-methyl-2-pentanone
2-Nitropropane or propane, 2-nitro
1,3-Pentadiene or 1-methylbutadiene
Tetrahydrofuran
Xylene
-------
A-45
EXHIBIT A9-4
WET MODEL WASTES CONTAINING ACETALDEHYDE,
CYCLOHEXANE, AND XYLENE GENERATED BY SIC 2869
SIC
Code
EPA
Code
Waste
ID
Name, Constituents
of Concern, Concentration
Heating
Value
(kJ/kg)
Quantity
per
Facility
(kg/Day)
2869 N/A 020211
2869 N/A
Heavy ends from ethylene oxide
production from ethylene oxidation.
Acetaldehyde (0.158),
Ethylene Oxide (0.197)
030408 Liquid organics from hexamethylene
diamine production by 1,6-
hexanediol ammonolysis.
Cyclohexane (0.2)
10,000
25,200
2869 K010 030414
2869 N/A 030425
2869 U001 060401
Distillation side cuts from
acetaldehyde production by ethylene
oxidation.
Acetaldehyde (0.162),
Chloroacetaldehyde (0.119),
Chloroform (0.02), and
Formaldehyde (0.02)
Acetaldehyde column waste from acrolein
production by propylene oxidation.
Acetaldehyde (0.857), Hydroquinone
(0.014), and Acrolein (0.119)
Acetaldehyde.
Acetaldehyde (0.1)
7,700
2,700
2,645.3
2,800
15,900
24,000
3,700
51
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A-46
EXHIBIT A9-5
WASTES CONTAINING CYCLOHEXANE AND XYLENE AND
GENERATED BY SICs OTHER THAN 2869
Quantity
Heating per
SIC EPA Waste Name, Constituents Value Facility
Code Code ID of Concern, Concentration (kJ/kg) (kg/Day)
N/A F003 030111 Xylene spent solvents. 42,000 3
m-Xylene (0.8)
N/A F003 030207 Still bottoms from the recovery of 34,000 1.0
xylene.
m-Xylene (0.25)
2865 U056 060410 Cyclohexane. 4,653.2 29
Cyclohexane (0.1)
2865 U239 060431 Xylene. . 4,287.7 7
m-Xylene (0.1)
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A-47
A10. IGNITABLE PAINT WASTES CONTAINING FLAMMABLE SOLVENTS
(WASTE STREAM NUMBER 15)
Ignitable paint wastes are primarily generated by SIC 1721, painting
contractors. There are 48 other SICs identified by Abt (1984) as generators
of ignitable paint wastes.
A10.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A10-1 lists the 49 SICs generating ignitable paint wastes and the
quantity generated by each according to the 1984 Abt Survey. Total waste
quantity is 559,410.6 kg/month. The Abt survey shows that 19.6 percent of the
firms generating ignitable paint wastes produce a total waste quantity greater
than 100 kg/month. These firms produce 72.6 percent (405,991.4 kg/month) of
the total amount of ignitable paint wastes. Question 22 in the Abt survey
identified an additional 45 SICs that generate ignitable paint wastes, for
which no quantity data are available.
A10.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A10-2 contains the characteristics of a typical ignitable paint
waste. None of the SIC codes listed in Exhibit A10-1 appears in the WET
model. However, the model contains seven streams containing flammable
solvents used in paints. Exhibit A10-3 indicates the concentrations of the
constituents of concern and the quantity generated for each of the streams.
They contain either toluene or methyl ethyl ketone at concentrations ranging
from 1 to 60 percent. One of the streams contains heavy metals and was used
to characterize category 27, paint wastes with heavy metals.
Four of the streams represent SIC 2851 (Paint and Allied Products). They
all correspond to F005, a RCRA listed hazardous waste from non-specific
sources. The total quantity of hazardous waste generated by each of the 1,500
manufacturers within SIC 2851 is 552 kg/month, which is below the 1,000
kg/month limit. Therefore, we believe that firms in SIC code 2851 generate
hazardous waste in small quantities and should have been included in the Abt
survey. The TRW analysis estimates that 142 manufacturers in SIC code 2851
are small quantity generators and that the remaining 911 firms generate wastes
in quantities greater than 1,000 kg/month.
The two remaining wastes streams are RCRA U-listed wastes or discarded
commercial chemical products. They represent SICs 2865 and 2869 and contain
10 percent toluene or ethyl methyl ketone and 90 percent inert materials.
Both streams are generated in small quantities (120 and 330 kg/month).
Consequently, a typical ignitable paint waste containing flammable solvents
would contain either toluene or ethyl methyl ketone at a concentration of 10
percent.
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A-48
EXHIBIT A10-1
GENERATORS OF IGNITABLE PAINT WASTES
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
1721 199,106
2400 312
2430 5,921
2434 21,761
2451 1,222
2500 8,074
2510 30,476
2511 654
2519 30,774
2520 16,335
2521 4,649
2540 2,703
2541 1,514
3479 44
3553 390
3573 19,278
3670 8,835
3811 49
3822 48,590
3823 1,325
3993 22,227
4200 2,417
4210 2,494
2412 10,280
4231 967
4469 7,820
4610 27
4613 14
5161 4,076
5190 453
5198 11,586
5230 50
5231 19,088
5251 4,420
5311 305
5531 2,420
7261 12,569
7349 14,742
7513 29
7531 698
7641 11,636
8062 3,798
8211 13,132
8220 789
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A-49
EXHIBIT A10-1 (Continued)
GENERATORS OF IGNITABLE PAINT WASTES
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
8221 7,525
8222 1,887
8249 1,211
8331 90
8411 661
Total SICs: 49 559,410.62
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
-------
A-50
EXHIBIT A10-2
IGNITABLE PAINT WASTE
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
BOD:
Sludge
Intermittent
1.0
0.2
2.0
1.4
25,000-40,000 kJ/kg
0.0
0.2
N/A
Constituent
Toluene
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Concentration
(ppm)
100,000
100,000
Molecular
Weight
92
72
Vapor
Pressure
28.70
71.20
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A-51
EXHIBIT A10-3
IGNITABLE PAINT WASTES INCLUDED IN THE WET MODEL
SIC EPA Waste Name, Constituents
Code Code ID of Concern, Concentration
2851 F005 030109 Toluene spent solvents from
manufacture of paint and allied
products.
Toluene (0.6)
2851 F005 030110 Methyl Ethyl Ketone spent solvents
from manufacture of paint and allied
products.
Methyl ethyl ketone (0.6)
2851 F005 030205
Toluene still bottoms from solvent
recovery in paint manufacture.
Toluene (0.2)
2851 F005 030206 Methyl Ethyl Ketone still bottoms
from solvent recovery in paint
manufacture.
Methyl ethyl ketone (0.2)
N/A N/A 030301
2869 U159 06019
2865 U220 060427
Paint application sludges.
Toluene (0.01); Methyl Ethyl Ketone
(0.01); Chromium (0.000056); Lead
(0.000040) and Mercury (0.000012)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Methyl ethyl ketone (0.1)
Toluene.
Toluene (0.1)
Quantity
Heating per
Value Facility
(kJ/kg) (kg/Day)
41,600
33,200
34,000
27,100
25,300
9.9
5.6
1.9
1.0
1.1
3,400.3 4.0
4,237.6 11.0
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A-52
All. SPENT SOLVENTS (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 16)
This is a broad category of wastes and is generated by numerous different
SICs in all of the 23 industry groups. Within each SIC grouping, and even
within each SIC, there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the waste solvents
produced, making it difficut to estimate the quantities generated and their
characteristics.
A11.1 Quantities Generated
Two sources of information were available for the quantities of solvent
waste produced by small quantity generators: the TRW analysis of 1979 and the
1984 Abt survey. Exhibit All-1 lists the 235 SICs reporting small quantity
generation of solvent wastes in the Abt survey and the quantities generated.
Total waste quantity is 8,780,678.1 kg/month. A comparison of the Abt data
and the TRW report showed that most of the codes in the Abt data had also been
covered, at least in part, in the TRW analysis. Abt data show that 30.1
percent of the firms generating waste solvents produce in excess of 100
kg/month total waste. These firms account for 81.5 percent (or 7,160,245
kg/month) of the total amount of waste solvents. The Abt survey identified an
additional 20 SICs that generate waste solvents. No quantity data are
available for these SICs.
All.2 Waste Characteristics
Because of the large number of generators and the variety of solvents
used, it is difficult to determine a characteristic waste in this category.
Over thirty different solvents, not all of which are considered hazardous, are
regularly used in these industries and disposed of as waste. Some of the most
commonly used hazardous solvents are xylene, toluene, toluene diisothiocyanate,
trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, chloroform,
dichlorobenzene and carbon tetrachloride. Information obtained mainly from WET
model data is provided on these waste streams in Exhibit All-2.
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EXHIBIT A11-1
GENERATORS OF SPENT SOLVENTS
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)l
1600 10,733
1700 142
1711 8,992
1721 109,195
1761 9,032
1793 3.5
1794 6,196
2200 1,864
2231 7,690
2250 5,641
2252 104
2253 2,925
2254 753
2257 2,831
2258 87
2260 16,557
2261 786
2269 ' 75
2270 1,031
2272 1,819
2434 14,339
2435 14,534
2492 3,621
2500 339
2510 454
2511 16,637
2519 8,282
2521 13.6
2522 2,588
2540 93
2541 143
2600 748
2611 2,943
2620 1,127
2621 22,353
2631 3,006
2640 39,579
2641 14,099
2642 2,425
2643 ill
2645 878
2646 1,121
2647 639
2648 28
2649 370
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A-54
EXHIBIT A11-1 (Continued)
GENERATORS OF SPENT SOLVENTS
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
2650 17,768
2651 2,186
2653 146
2661 369
2700 15,352
2710 1,344
2711 53,827
2731 826
2741 9,417
2750 73,512
2751 84,777
2752 21,549
2753 3,009
2754 1,003
2761 6,276
2782 20,867
2791 2,323
2819 1,434
2820 8,677
2821 21,552
2822 9,498
2823 223
2824 2,935
2830 1.38
2834 25,676
2840 4,511
2841 1,296
2842 9,791
2843 2,026
2844 9,398
2860 834
2861 732
2869 17,233
2879 54
2890 4,312
2893 42,632
2899 25,335
3000 1,336
3070 505
3079 267,220
3100 1,286
3111 86
3131 1,692
3140 643
3144 881
3149 9,650
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EXHIBIT A11-1 (Continued)
GENERATORS OF SPENT SOLVENTS
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
3171 96
3172 5,557
3200 8,185
3260 56
3290 507
3300 84,957
3357 18,718
3400 363,062
3411 93,753
3412 191,957
3423 62,980
3425 83,533
3429 69,667
3432 6,824
3433 4,546
3440 27,328
3441 102
3442 . 26,094
3443 23,222
3444 33,676
3452 13,649
3460 12,576
3469 26,459
3470 13,212
3471 2,309
3479 132
3480 152,331
3490 3,412
3499 19,682
3500 732,229
3520 1,915
3523 4,396
3531 100,375
3532 43,090
3533 35,606
3535 1,555
3540 439
3541 34
3542 958
3544 296
3545 52,665
3551 239,388
3552 589
3553 60
3555 438
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A-56
EXHIBIT A11-1 (Continued)
GENERATORS OF SPENT SOLVENTS
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
3559 7,045
3561 10,364
3563 12,955
3568 5,612
3569 3961
3573 3569
3579 2198
3585 687
3589 9,243
3599 205,443
3600 46,625
3620 55,316
3622 4,572
3644 520
3645 31,120
3651 4,412
3661 622
3662 12,946
3670 48,681
3674 86,312
3679 3,245
3694 11,388
3714 16,959
3811 569
3820 14,138
3822 120,020
3823 827
3825 1,133
3829 3,671
3832 5,401
3841 4,081
3842 944
3843 350
3851 883
3861 643
3873 275
3961 6,843
3993 26,857
4200 1,329
4210 166,210
4213 10,248
4231 176
4469 9,447
4610 545
4612 91
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A-57
EXHIBIT All-! (Continued)
GENERATORS OF SPENT SOLVENTS
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
4613 136
4619 3,412
4800 16,376
5161 11,250
5198 44,697
5231 2,235
5500 806,321
5511 258,281
5520 139,494
5521 21,746
5531 8,370
5541 297,475
5551 108,728
5571 10,873
7200 76
7216 176
7261 11,014
7300 53
7332 1,024
7333 23,482
7342 2,891
7349 222
7390 166
7391 40,644
7395 13,387
7397 26,616
7513 26,567
7530 1,044,832
7531 240,211
7538 53,846
7539 569,797
7620 105
7622 2,420
7623 9,259
7629 4,867
7631 1,484
7641 26,289
7694 22,719
8000 129
8060 20,526
8062 95,157
8069 1,080
8071 44,665
8072 1,386
8200 39
8211 13,207
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A-58
EXHIBIT All-1 (Continued)
GENERATORS OF SPENT SOLVENTS
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)*
8220 2,073
8221 31,583
8222 1,894
8249 4,252
8331 4,996
8411 246
8922 18,670
Total SICs = 235 Total Waste = 8,780,678.I2
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2Total may not add to total due to rounding.
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A-59
EXHIBIT A11-2
SPENT SOLVENTS
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Fraction Ash:
pH:
Possible Major Specific Heating
Constitutents Gravity Value (kJ/kg)
Benzene .88 41,919
Carbon Tetrachloride 1.6 1,014
Chloroform 1.5 3,135
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1.3 19,133
Methyl Ethyl Ketone 0.8 33,969
Toluene 0.9 42,514
Toluene Diisocyanate 1.2 24,746
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1.3 8,318
Trichloroethylene 1.5 7,273
Xylene 0.9 42,877
Liquid
Intermittent
1.0
0.1
0.1
7
Fraction Molecular Vapor
Chlorine Weight Pressure
0.0 78 95.2
0.94 154 90.0
0.9 119 150.5
0.5 147 1.0
0.0 72 71.2
0.0 92 28.7
0.0 174 0.1
0.8 133 0.1250
0.8 131 57.9
0.0 106 8.39
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A-60
A12. DRY CLEANING WASTES (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 17)
Dry cleaning wastes are distillation residues and filter wastes from dry
cleaning establishments (SIC 721), and are generated by a large number of
facilities.
A12.1 Quantities Generated
The Abt survey (1984) estimates that the 4-digit SICs comprising SIC 721
generate 1.11 million kg/month of dry cleaning wastes out of a total for all
SICs of 1.13 million kg/month. The VET model estimated that 18,000 facilities
generated an average of 7.2 kg/day or 216 kg/month of waste, which includes
those generators that may be too small to generate the 100 kg/month necessary
to be considered a small quantity generator. TRW (1979) estimates 7,182 small
quantity generators in SIC codes 7215, 7216, and 7218, generating an average
of 302 kg/month. This figure does not include the establishments generating
less than 100 kg/month, which total 33,073 according to TRW, nor does it
include SIC 7217, carpet and upholstery cleaning, because these facilities use
a different type of cleaning fluid. Abt data indicate 16.2 percent of the
firms generating waste generate a total quantity of more than 100 kg/month of
waste. This 16.2 percent of the firms generate 62.3 percent (or 709,074.5
kg/month) of the total dry cleaning waste. Question 22 of the survey
identified an additional 6 SICs generating this waste.
A12.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A12-2 shows a typical waste stream from the dry cleaning
industry. It was developed from the WET model waste stream data base,
combining the waste streams for distillation residues (03.02.01) and filter
wastes (03.02.04).
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A-61
EXHIBIT A12-1
GENERATORS OF DRY CLEANING WASTE
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month) l
7210 80,279
7216 987,684
7217 37,938
7218 11,087
7349 1,565
7641 19,745
Total SICs 6 Total waste 1,138, 297. 72
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
Planning
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2Total may not add due to rounding.
EXHIBIT A12-2
DRY CLEANING WASTES
State: Liquid
Generation: Continuous
Fraction Nonwater: 1.0
Fraction Suspended: .36
Solids Specific Gravity: 2.5
Average Specific Gravity: 1.41
Heating Value: 15369 kJ/kg
Fraction Chlorine .45
Fraction Ash: .28
pH: N/A
BOD: 0.0
Concentration Molecular
Constituent (ppm) Weight
Tetrachloroethene 530,000 166
shown for
Vapor
Pressure
(mm Hg)
14
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A-62
A13. SOLVENT STILL BOTTOMS (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 18)
Solvent still bottoms are primarily generated by SICs 3599 (Machinery) and
3425 (Fabricated Metal Products). There are 35 other SICs identified by Abt
(1984) as generators of solvent still bottoms.
A13.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A13-1 lists the 37 SICs generating solvent still bottoms and the
quantity generated by each according to the 1984 Abt Survey. Total waste
quantity is 164,768.4 kg/month. The Abt Survey shows that 25.9 percent of the
firms generating solvent still bottoms produce a total waste quantity greater
than 100 kg/month. These firms produce 94.2 percent (155,229.5 kg/month) of
the total amount of solvent still bottoms waste. Question 22 in the Abt
survey identified 19 other SICs that are generators of solvent still bottoms
but provided no quantity data.
A13.2 Waste Characteristics
The WET model waste stream data base was used to characterize this waste
because solvent still bottoms as described in the model are all generated in
small quantities (less than 1,000 kg per month). Exhibit A13-2 shows the
characteristics of a typical solvent still bottoms waste derived from a
consideration of WET waste streams 03.02.02, 03.02.03, 03.02.07, and 03.02.08.
The model contains eight solvent still bottoms waste streams (Exhibit
A13-4), only one of which is generated by an SIC (2879) listed in Exhibit
A13-1. Exhibit A13-3 contains a summarized description of the stream, which
is generated in small quantities and contains toluene, phosphorothioic acid
ester and phosphorodithioic acid ester. According to the WET model, there are
only 17 facilities generating this stream. Results from the Abt survey
indicate that there are 738 facilities generating solvent still bottoms in
quantities between 100 and 1,000 kg per month. Therefore, we believe that
this stream is not the typical solvent still bottom waste and we did not
consider compounds such as phosphorodithioic and phosphorothioic acid
triethylesters in our characterization. Solvent still bottoms from SICs 721
(Laundries and Dry Cleaning) and 285 (Paint and Allied Products) are covered
by other waste streams and are not considered here. Solvent still bottoms
therefore include one of the following solvents: toluene, tetrachloroethane,
dichloromethane, or xylene; at a concentration of approximately 20 to 25
percent.
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SIC
Code
2231
2253
2260
2261
2521
2541
2621
2751
2800
2819
2820
2821
2822
2842
2860
2869
3079
3400
3425
3444
3470
3471
3479
3500
3520
3599
3600
3661
3662
3670
3714
3811
3822
3851
7333
7342
7391
A-63
EXHIBIT A13-1
SOLVENT STILL BOTTOMS
Quantity
(kg/month)
907
8,604
1
12
10,197
498
39
86
1,304
27
424
1,509
910
675
40
53
2,443
1,450
36,755
4
1,273
234
68
1,797
622
65,471
3,592
6
401
3,316
141
4
21,549
143
20
17
171
Total SICs: 37
Total Waste: 164,768.4'
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
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A-64
EXHIBIT A13-2
SOLVENT STILL BOTTOMS
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
BOD:
Sludge
Intermittent
1.0
0.2
2.0
1.4
5,000-35,000 kJ/kg
0.2
0.2
N/A
I
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Constituent
Toluene
or Tetrachloroethane
or Dichloromethane
or Xylene
Concentration
(ppm)
200,000
200,000
200,000
200,000
Molecular
Weight
92
166
85
106
Vapor
Pressure
28.7
14.0
362.4
8.39
EXHIBIT A13-3
SOLVENT STILL BOTTOMS GENERATED BY SIC CODES LISTED IN
EXHIBIT A13-1 AND INCLUDED IN THE WET MODEL
SIC EPA Waste
Code Code ID
2879 K036 030208
Name, Constituents
of Concern, Concentration
Still bottoms from toluene reclamation
distillation in the production of
disulfoton.
Toluene (0.2), phosphorodithioic acid
triethylester (0.1), and phosphorothioic
acid triethylester (0.01.
Quantity
per
Facility
(kg/Day)
22.0
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A-65
EXHIBIT A13-4
SOLVENT STILL BOTTOMS INCLUDED IN THE WET MODEL
SIC EPA
Code Code Waste ID
721 F002 030201
N/A F002 030202
N/A F002 030203
721 F002 030204
285 F005 030205
2851 F005 030206
N/A F003 030207
Name, Constituents of Concern, Concentration
Tetrachloroethene distillation residues
from dry cleaning
Tetrachloroethene (0.6)
1,1,1 Tetrachloroethane still bottoms
1,1,1 Tetrachloroethane (0.2)
Dichloromethane still bottoms
Dichloromethane (0.2)
Tetrachloroethane filter wastes
from dry cleaning
Tetrachloroethane (0.25)
Toluene still bottoms from solvent
recovery in paint manufacture
Toluene (0.2)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone still bottoms from
solvent recovery in paint manufacture
Methyl ethyl ketone (0.2)
Still bottoms from the recovery of xylene
m-Xylene (0.25)
Quantity
per
Facility
(kg/Day)
5.8
1.7
6.1
1.4
1.9
1.0
1.0
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A-66
A14. WASTEWATER WOOD PRESERVATIVE (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 19)
Wastewater wood preservatives are generated primarily by the wood
preserving industry (SIC 2491) which uses pentachlorophenol and/or creosote
for preserving.
A14.1 Quantities Generated
SIC 2491 generates 56,452 kg/month according to the 1984 Abt survey, out
of a total of 59,919.7 kg/month reported by Abt for all six generating SICs
shown in Exhibit A14-1. TRW (1979) had previously estimated a .total of 178
generating facilities, each generating an average of 13.7 kg/day or 411
kg/month, corresponding well with Abt's generation figures. Abt indicates
55.3 percent of the firms generating wood preservative wastewater generate a
total of 100 kg/month of waste or more. This 55.3 percent generates 96.3
percent of the total waste in the category, or 57,711.7 kg/month. Abt
identified 10 additional SICs in Question 22 of the survey that generate
wastewater wood preservative.
A14.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A14-2 shows a typical waste stream for the wood preserving
industry, taken from the WET model by combining streams 02.01.01 and 02.04.01,
which are wastewater wood preservative streams from SIC 2491.
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A-67
EXHIBIT A14-1
GENERATORS OF WASTEWATER WOOD PRESERVATIVE
SIC
Code
2400
2430
2490
2491
3576
5238
Total SICs
Quantity
(kg/month)1
66
20
354
56,452
1,019
2.009
Total waste 59,919.72
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2Total may not add due to rounding.
EXHIBIT A14-2
WASTEWATER WOOD PRESERVATIVE
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Liquid
Continuous
.4
.09
2.0
1.0
13,500 kJ/kg
0.0
.05
5.1
0.0
Constituent
Pentachlorophenol
Acenaphthene
Chrysene
Concentration
(ppm)
780
300
100
Molecular
Weight
262
154
228
Vapor
Pressure
(mm Hg)
.11x10
.155x10
.63x10
-3
-2
-8
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A-68
A15. HEAVY METAL SOLUTIONS (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 21)
Abt (1984) indicates that heavy metal solutions are generated by
establishments producing printing ink and miscellaneous chemical products.
This waste is likely to be very similar to waste number 33, ink sludge with
chromium or lead.
A15.1 Quantities Generated
Abt (1984) estimates SIC 2893 generated 4,865 kg/month of heavy metal
solutions, and SIC 2800 generated 4 kg/month, as shown in Exhibit A15-1. TRW
(1979) estimates that 181 establishments generate a total of 495 kg/month of
waste. This total would include waste categories 33 (ink sludge with chromium
or lead) and 31 (waste ink with solvents or heavy metals). Abt data indicates
66.3 percent of firms generating this waste produce more than 100 kg/month of
waste, and this 66.3 percent generates 88.7 percent (or 4318.2 kg/month) of
the total heavy metal solution waste quantity. Question 22 of the Abt survey
identified an additional 50 SICs that reported generating heavy metal
solutions.
A15.2 Waste characteristics
Exhibit A15-2 shows the waste characterization for heavy metal solutions,
which is similar to that for waste 33, ink sludge with chromium or lead. The
toluene, a solvent, has been omitted and the metals are assumed to be in water
solution. This description is modified from a WET model stream (01.05.03).
Other WET heavy metal streams have metal constituent concentrations of between
5 and 40,000 ppm, so there is obviously much variation depending upon the
particular process. Also process dependent is the presence or absence of
solvents in the waste stream. No solvents are assumed to be present in this
typical case. TRW (1979) indicates that solvents and other miscellaneous
chemicals such as hardeners, adhesives, and resins may also be present.
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A-69
EXHIBIT A15-1
GENERATORS OF HEAVY METAL SOLUTIONS
SIC Quantity
Code (kg/month)1
2800 4
2893 4,865
Total SICs 2 Total waste 4,869.32
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2Total may not add due to rounding.
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A-70
EXHIBIT A15-2
HEAVY METAL SOLUTIONS
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Liquid
Continuous
.06
.06
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
0.0
Constituent
Chromium VI
Lead
Concentration
(ppm)
150
760
Molecular
Weight
52
207
Vapor
Pressure
0
0
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A-71
A16. ARSENIC WASTES (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 22)
The Abt survey identified SIC 724, Cotton Ginning, as the sole producer of
arsenic wastes. This waste is a result of dessication of the cotton with
arsenic acid, 98 percent of which is done in Texas and the remainder in
Oklahoma.
A16.1 Quantities Generated
The Abt survey estimated that 9,269 kg/month of this waste is generated.
Abt data show that 47.7 percent of cotton ginners produce over 100 kg/month
total waste. These firms account for 93.3 percent (8,645/month) of the
arsenic waste generated.
A16.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A16-1 shows a typical arsenic waste stream. The waste is cotton
trash (leaves, bolls, side-branches) from plants which have been sprayed with
arsenic acid.
EXHIBIT A16-1
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
pH:
BOD:
Solid
Intermittent
1.0
N/A
0.8
0.8
N/A
0.0
1.0
N/A
0.0
Constituent
Arsenic
Concentration
(ppm)
250
Molecular
Weight
75
Vapor
Pressure
0.0
Estimates of the arsenic content of this waste are taken from a
Preliminary Study of Sources of Inorganic Arsenic, Radian Corp. (1982). This
study quotes two determinations of the amounts of arsenic in cotton trash.
The average arsenic content in one study was 2,000 ppm and in the other was
225 ppm. The second study was deemed to have used more precise analytical
detection methods so 225 ppm was considered to be the more accurate estimate
of the arsenic content of dessicated stripper cotton.
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A-72
A17. MERCURY WASTES (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 23)
According to the Abt survey, none of the producers of mercury wastes
produce more than 25 kg/month of total waste, therefore they would not be
characterized as small quantity generators. Consequently, no attempt has been
made to characterize this waste.
A17.1 Quantities Generated
The only SIC generating mercury wastes is 8071, medical laboratories.
According to Abt, the total waste generated is 17.14 kg/month, all of which is
produced by facilities generating less than 25 kg/month of total waste.
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A18. SPENT PLATING WASTES (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 24)
Plating wastes are generated mainly by fabricators of metal products and
machinery manufacturers and also by the printing and publishing industry. The
Abt survey identified 27 SICs which provided quantity information on the
generation of spent plating wastes.
A18.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A18-1 lists the 27 SICs generating spent plating wastes and the
quantity generated by each according to the 1984 Abt survey. Total waste
quantity is 480,632 kg/month. TRW reports these wastes under cyanide and
heavy metals for metal and machinery manufacturers and does not list printers
and publishers as generators of plating wastes.
Abt data show that 26.4 percent of the firms generating spent plating
wastes generate 100 kg/month or more of total waste. These firms produce 91.5
percent (or 439,616.8 kg/month) of the total amount of plating waste.
Question 22 of the Abt survey identified five additional SICs that generate
spent plating waste for which no quantity data were given.
A18.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A18-2 shows a waste stream that is typical of this category. The
typical waste was determined by analogy with four WET model waste streams
(01.01.16, 01.02.02, 01.02.04, and 01.02.05). These wastes were all generated
by SIC 3471, which is the major small quantity generator of this category of
waste, generating 30 percent of the total waste quantity.
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A-74
EXHIBIT A18-1
SPENT PLATING WASTE
Total SICs
SIC
Code
2700
2710
2711
2721
2750
2751
2793
2893
3400
3421
3444
3460
3470
3471
3500
3545
3573
3599
3662
3674
3679
3692
3825
3861
3911
7332
7333
27
Quantity
(kg/month)1
18
436
11,692
1,110
42,788
28,873
385
322
83,738
26,800
3,500
200
42,592
142,498
54,369
12,558
4,970
422
518
17,411
371
346
49
456
2,879
166
665
Total Waste 480,632.22
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
Total may not add due to rounding.
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A-75
EXHIBIT A18-2
SPENT PLATING WASTE
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Liquid
Continuous
0.005
0.004
3.00
1.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
Constituent
Copper
Nickel
Chromium (VI)
Cadmium
Lead
Cyanide
Concentration
(ppm)
490
1200
220
110
100
45
Molecular
Weight
64
59
52
112
207
27
Vapor
Pressure
0
0
0
0
0
658.7
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A-76
A19. USED LEAD ACID BATTERIES (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 26)
This is a specific waste generated by many SICs.
A19.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A19-1 shows 38 SICs and the quantity of used lead acid batteries
generated by each according to the 1984 Abt survey. Total quantity is 30.7
million kg/month, making used lead acid batteries the largest waste category
for small quantity generation. TRW agrees that the majority of these
categories will generate used lead acid batteries.
Abt indicates that 39.4 percent of the firms generating lead acid
batteries generate more than 100 kg/month of total waste. This 39.4 percent
accounts for 82.4 percent (or 25.3 million kg/month) of the total lead acid
battery waste. Abt also identified in survey question 22 an additional 80
SICs generating lead acid batteries.
A19.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A19-2 shows a waste stream that is typical of this category.
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A-77
EXHIBIT A19-1
USED LEAD ACID BATTERIES
SIC Code Quantity (kg/month)*
711 1,018
782 1,018
1600 38,781
1620 8,495
1622 42,474
1623 45,305
1629 8,485
1752 5,860
1790 11,326
1794 28,316
4000 94
4200 527
4210 1,910,009
4212 150,954
4213 56,356
4214 9,861
4231 8,032
4400 2,832
4469 431,109
5251 21,740
5311 117,397
5500 8,582,718
5510 35,039
5511 2,833,962
5520 66,903
5521 208,591
5531 5,174,777
5541 5,659,779
5551 217,531
5571 617,227
5962 52
7510 28,316
7512 2,832
7512 231,787
7530 530,665
7531 630,433
7538 1,202,162
7539 1,834,465
Total 38 Total Waste 30,758,978.22
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
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A-78
EXHIBIT A19-2
USED LEAD ACID BATTERIES
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Solid
Intermittent
1.0
6.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
0.0
Constituent
Concentration
(ppm)
Molecular
Weight
Vapor
Pressure
(mm Hg)
Lead
Sulfuric Acid
50,000
3,000
207
98
0
10
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A-79
A10. PAINT WASTE WITH HEAVY METALS (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 27)
This waste category is generated by 4 SICs, including outdoor advertising
and water transportation services. Trucking terminal facilities and railroad
transportation (SICs 4231 and 40) were expected to generate this waste but,
when surveyed, indicated they did not.
A20.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A20-1 lists the 4 SICs generating paint wastes with heavy metals
and the quantity generated by each, according to the 1984 Abt survey. Total
quantity is 1579.7 kg/month. Abt data indicates 29.1 percent of the firms
generating paint waste generate more than 100 kg/month total waste, and this
29.1 percent generates 39.2 percent (or 619.4 kg/month) of the total paint
wastes. Question 22 of the Abt survey identified an additional 48 SICs
generating this waste but not reporting quantity data.
A20.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A20-2 shows a waste stream with typical characteristics, taken
from the WET model (waste stream 03.03.01).
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A-80
EXHIBIT A20-1
GENERATORS OF PAINT WASTE WITH HEAVY METALS
SIC
Code
3993
4212
4469
7397
Total SICs
Quantity
(kg/month)1
14
310
1,239
18
Total waste 1,579.72
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2Total may not add due to rounding.
EXHIBIT A20-2
PAINT WASTE WITH HEAVY METALS
Constituent
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
pH:
BOD:
Concentration
(ppm)
Liquid
Intermittent
.75
.2
4.5
3.6
25,300 kJ/kg
0.0
0.2
N/A
0.0
Molecular
Weight
Vapor
Pressure
(mm Hg)
Toluene
MEK
Chromium VI
Lead
Mercury
10,000
10,000
56
40
12
92
72
52
207
201
28.7
71.2
0
0
.12x10
-2
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A21. SOLUTION OR SLUDGE WITH PHOTO SILVER
(WASTE STREAM NUMBER 28)
Abt indicates this waste is generated by the blueprinting, photocopying,
photofinishing and commercial photography industries. These same industries
generate waste 9, photographic waste, and waste 14, ignitable wastes.
A21.1 Quantities Generated
The Abt survey indicates that this waste is generated by the 22 SICs
listed in Exhibit A21-1, which also shows the corresponding monthly
generation. Total waste quantity in 743,256.7 kg/month. Abt data show that
37.1 percent of the firms generating this waste have a total waste generation
of over 100 kg/month, the cut-off for small quantity generators. These firms
generate 89.5 percent of the total waste, or 665,046.1 kg/month. Question 22
of the Abt survey identified an additional 30 SICs that generate this waste,
but for which no quantity data are available.
A21.2 Waste Characteristics
This waste stream is most likely generated as a mixture of photo silver
and waste 8, cyanide wastes; waste 9, photographic wastes; waste 14, ignitable
wastes; and waste 16, spent solvents. One industry source (Forbes 1984)
indicates that silver is recovered from the wastes. Cyanide is present as
ferrocyanide and silver is complexed as its thiosulfate, sulfate, or sulfanate.
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A-82
EXHIBIT A21-1
GENERATORS OF SOLUTION OR SLUDGE WITH PHOTO SILVER
SIC Quantity
Code (Kg/month)l
2260 421
2261 1,052
2621 259
2700 948
2710 748
2711 87
2741 336
2750 6,901
2751 36
2752 566
2753 259
2791 . 9,491
3861 380
4830 170
7216 1,484
7300 . 12,856
7330 3,970
7332 35,367
7333 173,956
7390 1
7395 488,855
8249 433
Total SICs 22 Total waste 743,256.72
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2Total may not add due to rounding.
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EXHIBIT A21-2
SOLUTION OR SLUDGE WITH PHOTO SILVER
State: Liquid
Generation: Intermittent
Fraction Non-water: 0.2
Fraction Suspended: 0.1
Solids Specific Gravity: 2.5
Average Specific Gravity: 1.2
Heating Value: 1500 kJ/kg
Fraction Chlorine: 0.0
Fraction Ash: 0.1
BOD: N/A
Concentration Molecular Vapor
Constituent (ppm) Weight Pressure
Methanol 20,000 32 96.0
Acetone 20,000 58 ' 185.0
Phenol 0.09 94 .341
Iron 15.0 56 0.0
Boron 13.0 11 0.0
Silver .45 108 0.0
Cyanide .57 27 658.7
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A-84
A22. WASTE FORMALDEHYDE (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 29)
Waste formaldehyde is generated by funeral services, where it is used as
an embalming fluid.
A22.1 Quantities Generated
Abt (1984) estimates that 737,469.1 kg/month are generated by SIC 7261.
TRW (1979) estimates that 14,472 facilities in SIC 7261 generate an average of
1.3 kg/month, which would place the establishments below the quantity
necessary to be classified as small quantity generators. Abt data show 14.4
percent of the firms generating this waste generate greater than 100 kg/month
of total waste, and this 14.4 percent generates 61 percent (or 449,671.1
kg/month) of the total formaldehyde waste. Question 22 of the Abt survey
identified an additional 55 SICs that claimed generation of formaldehyde waste.
A22.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A22-2 shows a typical waste formaldehyde stream, based on the
following assumptions. TRW (1979) indicates that embalming fluid contains 23
percent formaldehyde, the remainder being water, surfactants, and humectants.
The surfactant and humectant were assumed to be non-hazardous. The pint
containers weigh 65 grams each. By assuming the amount left in each container
is similar to that for empty pesticide containers (90 ml solution per 5 gallon
container) the concentration of formaldehyde in the waste can be calculated.
The containers are assumed to be polyethylene in order to calculate specific
gravity of the waste.
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EXHIBIT A22-1
GENERATORS OF WASTE FORMALDEHYDE
SIC Quantity
Code (Kg/month)1
72163 91
7261 737,378
Total SICs 2 Total waste 737,469.I2
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
3 This may be a typographical error, because dry cleaners are unlikely to
generate waste formaldehyde. We believe that it should be included under SIC
7261.
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A-86
EXHIBIT A22-2
WASTE FORMALDEHYDE
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value
Fraction Chlorine
PH:
BOD:
Solid
Intermittent
1.0
N/A
.95*
.95
0.0
0.0
7.0
0.0
Constituent
Concentration
(ppm)
Molecular
Weight
Vapor
Pressure
(mm Hg)
Formaldehyde
~ 7,500
30
3286
" Assuming polyethylene containers,
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A-87
A23. WASTE CONTAINING AMMONIA (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 30)
Ammonia containing wastes are generated primarily by SICs 7340 and 7349,
industries providing cleaning and maintenance services.
A23.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A23-1 lists the 3 SICs which generate ammonia-containing wastes
and the quantities generated, as given in the Abt survey. Total generation is
30,547.2 kg/month. According to Abt, 8 percent of the total facilities
generating this waste generate greater than 100 kg/month, and this 8 percent
accounts for 74 percent (or 22,613.3 kg/month) of the total ammonia wastes
generated. Abt identifies 42 additional SICs generating ammonia wastes
without giving quantity data.
A23.2 Waste Characteristics
By analogy to WET model streams, the waste is assumed to be a 10 percent
ammonia solution with water. Exhibit A23-2 shows a typical waste stream in
this category.
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A-88
EXHIBIT A23-1
GENERATORS OF WASTE CONTAINING AMMONIA
SIC
Code
7300
7340
7349
Total SICs
Quantity
(Kg/month)*
223
12,695
17,629
Total waste 30,547.22
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
EXHIBIT A23-2
WASTES CONTAINING AMMONIA
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Liquid
Intermittent
.1
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.0
N/A
Constituent
Concentration
(ppm)
Molecular
Weight
Vapor
Pressure
(mm Hg)
Ammonia
100,000
18
6460
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A24. WASTE INK WITH SOLVENT OR HEAVY METALS
(WASTE STREAM NUMBER 31)
Abt (1984) indicates that waste ink with solvent or heavy metal is
generated primarily by SICs 264, 265, and 27. The characteristics of the
waste are essentially the same as waste 33.
A24.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A24-1 lists the 18 SICs generating this waste and the quantities
generated. Total quantity is 135,202.8 kg/month. TRW (1979) agrees with the
SICs listed but notes that as much as 45 percent of SIC 27 establishments
generate less than 100 kg/month of waste, too little for categorization as
small quantity generators. TRW indicates that SIC 2893 also generates this
type of waste.
According to Abt, 83.8 percent of the waste (133,272.6 kg/month) is
generated by firms that generate over 100 kg/month of total waste. These
firms represent 16.5 percent of all the firms generating this waste. The Abt
survey identified 30 other SICs that indicated generation of this waste
without giving quantity data.
A24.2 Waste Characteristics
We believe that waste ink with solvents or heavy metals will be
essentially identical to waste 33, ink sludge with chromium or lead. Thus the
waste characterization presented in Exhibit A24-2 below is similar to that for
waste 33, taken from the WET model (stream 01.05.03), except that the waste
ink contains less solid material than the ink sludge.
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A-90
EXHIBIT A24-1
GENERATORS OF WASTE INK WITH SOLVENTS OR HEAVY METALS
SIC Quantity
Code (Kg/month)1
2640 61,757
2642 16,617
2650 223
2700 1,506
2710 125
2711 14,715
2730 48
2750 14,300
2751 16,863
2752 2,578
2791 48
2795 565
2823 896
2899 943
3079 1,405
3555 722
7332 76
7333 1,816
Total SICs 18 Total waste 135,202.82
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
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EXHIBIT A24-2
INK WASTE WITH SOLVENTS OR HEAVY METALS
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Constituent
Chromium VI
Lead
Toluene
Concentration
(ppm)
50
260
100
Liquid
Continuous
.02
.02
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
.01
12.5
0.0
Molecular
Weight
52
207
92
Vapor
Pressure
(mm Hg)
0
0
28.7
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A-92
A25. HEAVY METAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 32)
Heavy metal wastewater sludge is generated by manufacturers of primary
metal products and fabricated metal products including machinery, as well as
by firms involved in rolling, drawing, and extruding of metals.
A25.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A25-1 lists the 11 SICs generating heavy metal wastewater sludge,
and the quantities generated according to the 1984 Abt survey. Total waste
quantity is 200,311.8 kg/month. TRW estimates that firms involved in rolling,
drawing, and extruding of metal generate heavy metal wastewater sludge as
about five percent of their total waste. Twenty percent of firms
manufacturing fabricated metal products generate wastes containing heavy
metals according to TRW, but it is not clear how much of this is wastewater
sludge. In electroplating and metal finishing, however, TRW estimates that
wastewater sludge makes up about 23 percent of the total waste.
Abt data show that 46.9 percent of the firms generating heavy metal
wastewater sludge generate a total waste quantity of 100 kg/month or greater.
These firms produce 92.2 percent (184,702.8 kg/month) of the total amount of
heavy metal wastewater sludge. Question 22 of the Abt survey identified 34
additional SICs that generate this waste but provided no quantity information.
A25.2 Waste Characteristics
A typical heavy metal wastewater sludge is shown in Exhibit A25-2, adapted
from WET model waste streams 01.01.06, 01.01.16, 01.01.19, and 01.04.03
generated by SICs 3351, 3471, 2816 and 2861. WET model waste streams have
heavy metal constituent concentrations of between 26 ppm (chromium
concentration in wastewater treatment sludges from the production of sulfate
turpentine) and 30,000 ppm (copper concentration in wastewater treatment
sludges from copper rolling and drawing), so the concentrations are highly
variable depending on the particular process.
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A-93
1
EXHIB
IT A25-1
1 GENERATORS OF HEAVY METAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE
1
SIC
Code
| 2751
3300
13400
3462
3470
3471
3500
3674
3692
13820
3911
Total SICs: 11
1 Source: Small Quantity Generator data
and Resource Associates from
Quantity
(kg/month) 1
110
45,025
81,948
931
38,382
12,646
12,878
6,633
1,746
8.4
5.1
200, 311. 82
base generated by Development Planning
the Abt Survey information.
I1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC
_ the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
1
z Total may not add due to rounding.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
are exclusive of the quantities shown for
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A-94
EXHIBIT A25-2
HEAVY METAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Liquid
Continuous
0.1
0.09
3.0
1.2
0.0
Q.O
0.0
8.0
0.0
Constituent
Chromium VI
Lead
Cadmium
Copper
Nickel
Concentration
(ppm)
1,100
600
350
7,000
2,500
Molecular
Weight
52
207
112
64
59
Vapor
Pressure
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
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A26. INK SLUDGE WITH CHROMIUM OR LEAD
(WASTE STREAM NUMBER 33)
Ink sludge is generated primarily by the printing and publishing
industries, and ink producers. Characteristics of the waste generated by each
individual SIC are assumed to be very similar although quantities differ.
A26.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A26-1 shows the 9 SICs generating ink sludge and the quantities
produced by each, according to the 1984 Abt survey. Total generation is
18,055.8 kg/month. TRW agrees with the SICs generating, but notes that more
than 45 percent of the firms in SIC 27 generate less than 100 kg/month of
waste, too little to be characterized as small quantity generators. However,
Abt data indicates that 58.6 percent of the total waste, or 10,588.2 kg/month,
is generated by SQGs that generate greater than 100 kg/month of waste. These
generators represent only 7.1 percent of the total. Eighteen additional SICs
were identified by the Abt survey as generators of ink sludge with chromium or
lead, but no quantites were reported.
A26.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A26-2 shows a typical waste stream in this category, based on the
WET model characterization for SIC 2893 (stream 01.05.03).
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A-96
EXHIBIT A26-1
GENERATORS OF INK SLUDGE WITH CHROMIUM OR LEAD
SIC Quantity
Code (Kg/month)1
2700 3,113
2750 493
2751 1,896
2752 232
2754 55
2782 4,633
2791 1,102
2893 6,530
7333 1
Total SICs 9 Total waste 18,055.82
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC, In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding.
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EXHIBIT A26-2
INK SLUDGE WITH CHROMIUM OR LEAD
State:
Generation:
Fraction Nonwater:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Constituent
Chromium VI
Lead
Toluene
Concentration
(ppm)
150
760
100
Liquid
Continuous
.07
.06
2.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
.05
12.5
0.0
Molecular
Weight
52
207
92
Vapor
Pressure
(mm Hg)
0
0
28.7
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A-98
A27. HEAVY METAL WASTE MATERIALS (WASTE STREAM NUMBER 39)
This category of waste encompasses heavy metal dust, solutions, and sludge
that have been characterized earlier in this appendix. Apparently, this
category was used to obtain information when there was some doubt as to the
actual form of the waste. About 75 percent of this waste was produced by SIC
3079, Miscellaneous Plastics Products, and most of the remainder came from
SICs 2821 and 2822, Plastics Materials and Synthetics.
A27.1 Quantities Generated
Exhibit A27-1 lists the 12 SICs generating heavy metal waste materials and
the quantity generated by each according to the 1984 Abt survey. Total waste
quantity is 47,307.7 kg/month. TRW estimates that less than one percent of
firms in SIC 30 produce waste with heavy metals, whereas four percent of those
in SIC 282 generate metal-containing wastes.
Abt data show that 49.1 percent of the firms generating heavy metal waste
materials generate a total waste quantity of 100 kg/month or greater. These
firms produce 94.7 percent (44,780.7 kg/month) of the total heavy metal waste
materials. Question 22 of the Abt survey identified 60 additional SICs that
claimed to generate heavy metal waste materials but provided no information on
the quantities produced.
A27.2 Waste Characteristics
Exhibit A27-2 shows a typical waste for this category. It was obtained by
combining the typical wastes from heavy metal dust, solutions, and sludge
because this was considered to be a composite of these wastes.
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EXH
1 GENERATORS OF
I
SIC
Code
2800
2820
12821
2822
2824
12899
3079
3293
3479
13599
7391
7397
J Total SICs: 12
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IBIT A27-1
HEAVY METAL WASTE MATERIALS
Quantity
(kg/month)1
1,757
5,221
3,351
1.3
35
507
35,233
726
476
0.1
0.2
0.7
47, 307. 72
Source: Small Quantity Generator data base generated by Development Planning
fl and Resource Associates from the Abt Survey information.
1 National aggregate total for each
SIC. In some cases 3- or 4-digit SICs
1 appear along with the corresponding 2-digit SIC. In these cases the
quantities shown for the 2-digit SIC are exclusive of the quantities shown for
the 3- or 4-digit SICs.
2 Total may not add due to rounding
1
1
1
1
1
1
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A-100
EXHIBIT A27-2
HEAVY METAL WASTE MATERIALS
State:
Generation:
Fraction Non-water:
Fraction Suspended:
Solids Specific Gravity:
Average Specific Gravity:
Heating Value:
Fraction Chlorine:
Fraction Ash:
PH:
BOD:
Sludge
Continuous
0.3
0.28
3.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.5
0.0
Constituent
Cadmium
Chromium VI
Lead
Copper
Nickel
Concentration
(ppm)
400
450
5,000
300
100
Molecular
Weight
112
52
207
64
59
Vapor
Pressure
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
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REFERENCES
1. Small Quantity Hazardous Waste Generator Study, Abt Associates, Inc.,
December 1984.
2. The RCRA Risk-Cost Analysis Model Waste Stream Data Base, ICF
Incorporated, July 1984.
3. Technical Environmental Impacts of Various Approaches for Regulating Small
Volume Hazardous Waste Generators, Volume II, TRW Environmental
Engineering Division, December 1979.
4. Final Report on Pesticide Containers. Dr. J.K. Leasure. Illinois
Institute for Environmental Quality; Energy Resources Co., 1978.
5. Telephone conversation with Mr. Forbes, Environmental Technical Services
Group, Kodak Inc., Rochester, New York, December 19, 1984.
6. Preliminary Study of Sources of Inorganic Arsenic, EPA-450/5-82-005.
Radian Corporation, August 1982.
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APPENDIX B
FEDERAL AND STATE REGULATIONS FOR SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS
This Appendix summarizes Federal and State SQG regulations as of
December 1984. It was compiled on the basis of telephone interviews with
I representatives of state environmental agencies and departments, and other
existing studies of these regulations.
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1
APPENDIX D
SQG MODEL PLANT OPERATIONAL AND FINANCIAL
PROFILES WITH COMPLIANCE COSTS
Profile Definitions
TYPE OF WASTE
SIZE CATEGORY
ANNUAL WASTE
MEDIAN SALES
PROFIT BEFORE TAXES
COMPLIANCE COSTS
COSTS AS % OF SALES
COSTS AS % OF PROFITS
Primary waste stream the facility normally generates.
Employment size category.
SMALL =1-9 employees
MEDIUM = 10-49 employees
LARGE = 50 or more employees
Total quantity of waste generated annually, includes
primary and secondary waste streams.
Sales as reported from FINSTAT, approximately 1982
data converted to 1984 dollars.
Based on median percent profit after tax from
FINSTAT, converted to dollar value and then to a
pre-tax basis using current federal corporate income
tax rates.
From PRA based on primary type of waste and total
quantity. Costs are based on single combination of
going from sanitary landfill to secured landfill and
generally tend to be a "worst case" or "maximum
incremental costs" as discussed in Chapter 6.
Compliance costs as percent of median sales.
Compliance costs as percent of profits before tax.
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Appendix Table E-l:
Appendix Table E-2:
Appendix Table E-3:
APPENDIX E
DETAILED INDUSTRY PROFILES
Profile data for industries with SQGs that account for 5%
or more of output, and estimated SQG share of industry
revenues and employment, by SQG share, (1977 Census
revenue and employment data).
Profile data for industries with SQGs that account for 5%
or more of output, and estimated SQG share of industry
revenues and employment, by standard industrial code
(SIC) (1977 Census revenue and employment data).
Master list of industries considered for industry
analysis and model plant development.
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Appendix Table E-3. Master list of industries considered for industry
analysis and model plant development
sic
CODE INDUSTRY TITLE
711 SOIL PREPARATION SERVICES
721 CROP PLANTING AND PROTECTION
722 CROP HARVESTING
724 COTTON BINNING
729 GENERAL CROP SERVICES
782 LAWN AND GARDEN SERVICES
783 ORNAMENTAL SHRUB flND TREE SERVICES
851 FORESTRY SERVICES
312 FINFISH
913 SHELLFISH
919 MISCELLANEOUS MARINE PRODUCTS
1521 SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
1522 RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION, NEC
1531 OPERATIVE BUILDERS
1541 INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS ftND WAREHOUSES
1542 NONRESIDENTIflL CONSTRUCTION, NEC
1611 HIGHWftY ftND STREET CONSTRUCTION
1622 BRIDGE, TUNNEL, ftND ELEVftTED HIGHWftY
1623 WATER, SEWER, ftND UTILITY LINES
1629 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION, N.E.C.
1711 PLUMBING, HEATING flND ftIR CONDITIONING
1721 PRINTING, PflPER HftNGING, flND DECORATING
1742 PLfiSTERING, DRYWftLL AND INSULATION
1743 TERRflZZO, TILE, MftRBLE ftND MOSAIC WORK
1752 FLOOR LftYING ftND OTHER FLOOR WORK, N.E.C.
1761 ROOFING ftND SHEET METftL WORK
1793 GLflSS ftND GLAZING WORK
1794 EXCftVftTING ftND FOUNDRTION WORK
2231 WEftVING ftND FINISHING MILLS, WOOL
2251 WOMEN'S HOSIERY, EXCEPT SOCKS
2252 HOSIERY, N. E. C.
2253 KNIT OUTERWEflR MILLS
2254 KNIT UNDERWEAR MILLS
2257 CIRCULAR KNIT FftBRIC MILLS
2258 WARP KNIT FABRIC MILLS
2259 KNITTING MILLS, N.E.C.
2261 FINISHING PLANTS, COTTON
2262 FINISHING PLANTS, SYNTHETICS
2269 FINISHING PLANTS, N.E.C.
2271 WOVEN CARPETS AND RUGS
2272 TUFTED CftRPETS ftND RUGS
2279 CftRPETS AND RUGS, N.E.C.
2434 WOOD KITCHEN CABINETS
2435 HARDWOOD VENEER flND PLYWOOD
2436 SOFTWOOD VENEER flND PLYWOOD
2451 MOBILE HOMES
2452 PREFABRICATED WOOD BUILDINGS
2491 WOOD PRESERVING
2492 PARTICLE BOARD
2499 WOOD PRODUCTS, NEC
-------
Appendix Table E-3 (cont'd)
SIC
CODE INDUSTRY TITLE
£511 WOOD HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE
£514 METAL HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE
£517 WOOD TV AND RADIO CABINETS
£519 HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, N. E. C.
£5£1 WOOD OFFICE FURNITURE
£5££ METAL OFFICE FURNITURE
£531 PUBLIC BUILDING AND RELATED FURNITURE
£541 WOOD PARTITIONS AND FIXTURES
£54£ METAL PARTITIONS AND FIXTURES
£591 DRAPERY, HARDWARE AND BLINDS AND SHADES
£599 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES, NEC
£611 PULP MILLS
£6£1 PAPER MILLS, EXCEPT BUILDING PAPER
£631 PAPERBOARD MILLS
£541 pftpER COATING AND BLAZING
£64£ ENVELOPES
£643 BAGS, EXCEPT TEXTILE BAGS
£645 DIE-CUT PAPER AND BOARD
£646 PRESSED AND MOLDED PULP GOODS
£647 SANITARY PAPER PRODUCTS
£648 STATIONERY PRODUCTS
£649 CONVERTED PAPER PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
£651 FOLDING PAPERBOARD BOXES
£65£ SET-UP PAPERBOARD BOXES
£653 CORRUGATED AND SOLID FIBER BOXES
£654 SANITARY FOOD CONTAINERS
£655 FIBER CANS, DRUMS .AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS
£661 BUILDING PAPER AND BOARD MILLS
£711 NEWSPAPERS
£7£1 PERIODICALS
£731 BOOK PUBLISHING
£73£ BOOK PRINTING
£741 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLISHING
£751 COMMERCIAL PRINTING, LETTERPRESS
£75£ COMMERCIAL PRINTING, LITHOGRAPHIC
£753 ENGRAVING AND PLATE PRINTING
£754 COMMERCIAL PRINTING
£761 MANIFOLD BUSINESS FORMS
£771 GREETING CARD PUBLISHING
S7SS BLANKBOOKS AND LODSELEAF BINDERS
£739 BOOKBINDING AND RELATED WORK
£791 TYPESETTING
2793 PHOTOENGRAVING
£794 ELECTRQTYPING AND STEREOTYPING
='795 LITHOGRAPHIC PLATEMAKING SERVICES
£819 INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMICALS, N.E.C.
£3S1 PLASTICS MATERIALS AND RESINS
£8££ SYNTHETIC RUBBER
28£2 CELLULOSIC MAN-MADE FIBERS
:=!8£4 ORGANIC FIBERS, NONCELLULOSIC
-------
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Appendix Table E-3 (cont'd)
SIC
CODE INDUSTRY TITLE
£834 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
£641 SOAP AND OTHER DETERGENTS
i84£ POLISHES AND SANITATION BOODS
£8-^3 SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS
£844 TOILET PREPARATIONS
£851 POINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
£86:1. GUM AND WOOD CHEMICALS
£369 INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS, N.E.C.
£379 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, N.E.C.
£693 "'R1 NT TNG INK
£699 CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS, N.E.C.
3C?79 MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRODUCTS
3.1.11 LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING
3131 BOOT AND SHOE CUT STOCK AND FINDINGS
314£ MOUSE SLIPPERS
3143 MEN'S FOOTWEAR, EXCEPT ATHLETIC
31-T-; WOMEN'S FOOTWEAR, EXCEPT ATHLETIC
3149 FOOTWEAR, EXCEPT RUBBER, N. E. C.
3151 LEATHER GLOVES AND MITTENS
3161 LUGGAGE
3171 WOMEN'S HANDBAGS AND PURSES
317£ PERSONAL LEATHER GOODS, N.E.C.
3199 LEATHER GOODS, N. E. C.
3S11 FLAT GLASS
3£51 BRICK. AND STRUCTURAL CLAY TILE
3253 CERAMIC WALL AND FLOOR TILE
3£61 VITREOUS PLUMBING FIXTURES
3£6£ VITREOUS CHINA FOOD UTENSILS
3£63 ~INE EARTHENWARE FOOD UTENSILS
3£S4 PORCELAIN ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES
3£69 POTTERY PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
3291 ABRASIVE PRODUCTS
3293 GASKETS, PACKING, AND SEALING DEVICES
3355 COPPER ROLLING AND DRAWING
33i:53 ALUMINUM SHEET, PLATE, AND FOIL
3354 ALUMINUM EXTRUDED PRODUCTS
3355 ALUMINUM ROLLING AND DRAWING, N.E.C.
3356 NONFERROUS ROLLING AND DRAWING, N.E.C.
3357 NONFERROUS WIRE DRAWING AND INSULATING
3398 METAL HEAT TREATING
3399 PRIMARY METAL PRODUCTS, N.E.C.
3411 METAL CANS
3*-!£ METAL BARRELS, DRUMS, AND PAILS
34S1 CUTLERY
34,;-:3 HAND AND EDGE TOOLS, N. E. C.
34£5 HAND SAWS AND SAW BLADES
34£9 HARDWARE, N. E. C.
3431 METAL SANITARY WARE
343£ PLUMBING FITTINGS AND BRASS GOODS
3433 HEATING EQUIPMENT, EXCEPT ELECTRIC
-------
Appendix Table E-3 (cont'd)
SIC
CODE INDUSTRY TITLE
3441 FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL
3442 METAL DOORS, SASH, AND TRIM
3443 FABRICATED PLATE WORK (BOILER SHOPS)
34-'.<-4 SHEET METAL WORK
£446 ARCHITECTURAL METAL WORK
3443 PREFABRICATED METAL BUILDINGS
3449 MISCELLANEOUS METAL WORK
3451 SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS
3452 BOL^S, NUTS, RIVETS, AND WASHERS
3462 IRON AND STEEL FORGINGS
3465 AUTOMOTIVE STAMPINGS
3466 CROWNS AND CLOSURES
34S9 METAL STAMPINGS, N.E.C.
2471 PLOTING AND POLISHING
3479 METAL COATING AND ALLIED SERVICES
3484 SMfiLL ARMS
3493 STEEL SPRINGS, EXCEPT WIRE
3494 VALVES AMD PIPE FITTINGS
3405 WIRE SPRINGS
3496 MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED WIRE PRODUCTS
3497 METAL FOIL AND LEAF
34'.:.<3 FABRICATED PIPE FITTINGS
3439 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS, N. E. C.
3511 TURBINES AND TURBINE GENERATOR SETS
3519 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, NEC
3523 FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
35£4 FARM AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT
3531 CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY
353£ MINING MACHINERY
3533 OIL FIELD MACHINERY
3534 ELEVATORS AND MOVING STAIRWAYS
3535 CONVEYERS AND CONVEYING EQUIPMENT
3536 HOISTS, CRANES, AND MONORAILS
3537 INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS AND TRACTORS
3541. MACHINE TOOLS, METAL CUTTING TYPES
3542 MACHINE TOOLS, METAL FORMING TYPES
354-4 SPECIAL DIES, TOOLS, JIGS AND FIXTURES
3545 MACHINE TOOL ACCESSORIES
3546 POWER DRIVEN HAND TOOLS
3547 ROLLING MILL MACHINERY
3549 METALWORKING MACHINERY, NEC
2551 FOOD PRODUCTS MACHINERY
3552 TEXTILE MACHINERY
3553 WOODWORKING MACHINERY
3554 PAPER INDUSTRIES MACHINERY
3555 PRINTING TRADES MACHINERY
3559 SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY, N.E.C.
3551 PUMPS AND PUMPING EQUIPMENT
3562 BALL AND ROLLER BEARINGS
3563 SIR AND GAS COMPRESSORS
-------
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Appendix Table E-3 (cont'd)
SIC
CODE INDUSTRY TITLE
3564 BLOWERS AND FANS
3565 INDUSTRIAL PATTERNS
3566 SPEED CHANGERS, DRIVES, AND GEARS
3567 INDUSTRIAL FURNACES AND OVENS
3568 POWER TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT, N.E.C.
3569 GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY, N.E.C.
3573 ELECTRONIC COMPUTING EQUIPMENT
3574 CALCULATING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES
3576 SCALES AND BALANCES, EXCEPT LABORATORY
3579 OFFICE MACHINES, N.E.C.
3581 AUTOMATIC MERCHANDISING MACHINES
3582 COMMERCIAL LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT
3585 REFRIGERATION AND HEATING EQUIPMENT
3586 MEASURING AND DISPENSING PUMPS
3589 SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES, N.E.C.
3592 CARBURETORS, PISTONS, RINGS, VALVES
3599 MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL, N.E.C.
36IS TRANSFORMERS
36;!.3 SWITCHGEflR AND SWITCHBOARD APPARATUS
3621 MOTORS AMD GENERATORS
3622 INDUSTRIAL CONTROLS
3623 WELDING APPARATUS, ELECTRIC
3624 CARBON AND GRAPHITE PRODUCTS
362'3 ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS, N.E. C.
3631 -iOUSEHOLD COOKING EQUIPMENT
3632 HOUSEHOLD REFRIGERATORS AND FREEZERS
3633 HOUSEHOLD LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT
3634 ELECTRIC HOUSEWARES AND FANS
3635 HOUSEHOLD VACUUM CLEANERS
3636 SEWING MACHINES
36,39 HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES, N. E. C.
3641 ELECTRIC LAMPS
3643 CURRENT-CARRYING WIRING DEVICES
3644- NONCURRENT-CARRYING WIRING DEVICES
3645 RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING FIXTURES
3646 COMMERCIAL LIGHTING FIXTURES
3647 VEHICULAR LIGHTING EQUIPMENT
3643 LIGHTING EQUIPMENT, N.E.C.
3651 RADIO AND TV RECEIVING SETS
3652 PHONOGRAPH RECORDS
36S1 TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH APPARATUS
3662 RADIO AND TV COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
3671 I_ZCTRON TUBES RECEIVING TYPE
3672 CATHODE RAY TELEVISION PICTURE TUBES
3673 ELECTRON TUBES, TRANSMITTING
3S74 SEMICONDUCTORS AND RELATED DEVICES
3675 ELECTRONIC CAPACITORS
3676 ELECTRONIC RESISTORS
3677 ELECTRONIC COILS AND TRANSFORMERS
-------
Appendix Table E-3 (cont'd)
CODE INDUSTRY TITLE
3678 ELECTRONIC CONNECTORS
3679 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS, N. E. C.
3691 STORAGE BATTERIES
3692 PRIMARY BATTERIES, DRY AND WET
3693 X-RAY APPARATUS AND TUBES
3694 ENGINE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
3699 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND SUPPLIES, N.E. C.
3714 MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES
3311 ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
3SE2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS
3823 PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTS
38E4 FLUID METERS AND COUNTING DEVICES
3825 INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE ELECTRICITY
3829 MEASURING AND CONTROLLING DEVICES, N.E.C.
3832 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND LENSES
3841 SURGICAL AND MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
3842 SURGICAL APPLIANCES AND SUPPLIES
3843 DENTAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
3851 OPTHALMIC GOODS
3861 PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
3873 WATCHES, CLOCKS AND WATCHCASES
3911 JEWELRY, PRECIOUS METAL
391*- SILVERWARE AND PLATED WARE
3915 JEWELERS' MATERIALS AND LAPIDARY WORK
3961 COSTUME JEWELRY
3964 NEEDLES, PINS, AND FASTENERS
3993 SIGNS AND ADVERTISING DISPLAYS
3995 BURIAL CASKETS
3999 MANUFACTURING, NEC
4011 RAILROADS, LINE-HAUL OPERATING
4013 SWITCHING AND TERMINAL SERVICES
4041 RAILWAY EXPRESS SERVICE
4111 LOCAL AND SUBURBAN TRANSIT
4119 LOCAL PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION, NEC
4121 TAX ICABS
4131 INTERCITY HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
4141 LOCAL PASSENGER CHARTER SERVICE
4142 CHARTER, EXCEPT LOCfiL
4151 SCHOOL BUSES
4171 BUS TERMINAL FACILITIES
4172 BUS SERVICE FACILITIES
4212 LOCAL TRUCKING, WITHOUT STORAGE
4213 TRUCKING, EXCEPT LOCAL
421.4 LOCAL TRUCKING WITH STORAGE
4231 'RUCKING TERMINAL FACILITIES
4311 U.S. POSTAL SERVICE
4459 LOCAL WATER TRANSPORTATION, NEC
4463 MARINE CARGO HANDLING
4469 WATER TRANSPORTATION SERVICES, N.E. C.
4612 CRUDE PETROLEUM PIPE LINES
-------
1
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SIC
CODE
4613
46 1 9
4811
4821
4832
4833
4839
4953
4959
5161
5191
5198
5231
5251
5 £7 1
53 1 1
5339
551 1
55 El
5531
55-41
5551
5561
5571
5599
5962
598£
7£15
7216
7S17
7218
726 1
7312
7331
733£
7333
73-42
7349
739 1
7395
7397
7512
7513
7519
7531
7534
7535
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~?C -"lO
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Appendix Table E-3 (cont'd)
INDUSTRY TITLE
REFINED PETROLEUM PIPE LINES
PIPE LINES, IM. E. C.
TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION
TELEGRAPH COMMUNICATION
RADIO BROADCASTING
TELEVISION BROADCASTING
COMMUNICATION SERVICES, N. E. C.
REFUSE SYSTEMS
SANITARY SERVICES, N.E.C.
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
FORM SUPPLIES
POINTS, VARNISHES, AND SUPPLIES
PAINT, GLASS, AND WALLPAPER STORES
HARDWARE STORES
MOBILE HOME DEALERS
DEPARTMENT STORES
MISCELLANEOUS GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
NEW AND USED CAR DEALERS
USED CAR DEALERS
AUTO AND HOME SUPPLY STORES
GASOLINE SERVICE STATIONS
BOAT DEALERS
RECREATIONAL AND UTILITY TRAILER DEALERS
MOTORCYCLE DEALERS
AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS, N.E.C.
MERCHANDISING MACHINE OPERATORS
FUEL AND ICE DEALERS, NEC
COIN-OPERATED LAUNDRIES AND CLEANING
DRY CLEANING PLANTS, EXCEPT RUG
CARPET AND UPHOLSTERY CLEANING
INDUSTRIAL LAUNDERERS
FUNERAL SERVICE AND CREMATORIES
OUTDOOR ADVERTISING SERVICES
DIRECT MAIL AND ADVERTISING SERVICES
BLUEPRINTING AND PHOTOCOPYING
COMMCERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND ART
DISINFECTING AND EXTERMINATING SERVICES
BUILDING MAINTENANCE SERVICES, N.E.C.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
PHOTOFINISHING LABORATORIES
COMMERCIAL TESTING LABORATORIES
PASSENGER CAR RENTAL AND LEASING
TRUCK RENTAL AND LEASING
UTILITY TRAILER RENTAL
TOP AND BODY REPAIR SHOPS
TIRE RETREADING AND REPAIR SHOPS
PAINT SHOPS
GENERAL AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR SHOPS
AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR SHOPS, N.E.C.
ROD 10 AND TELEVISION REPAIR
-------
Appendix Table E-3 (cont'd)
sic
CODE INDUSTRY TITLE
76£3 REFRIGERATION SERVICE ftND REPftIR
7629 ELECTRICftL REPftIR SHOPS, N. E. C.
7631 WftTCH, CLOCK, flND JEWELRY REPfllR
7641 REUPHOLSTERY ftND FURNITURE REPftIR
7694 flRMftTURE REWINDING SHOPS
7699 REPftIR SERVICES, NEC
79312 PUBLIC GOLF COURSES
7996 ftMUSEMENT PftRKS
7997 MEMBERSHIP SPORTS ftND RECREATION CLUBS
7699 REPftIR SERVICES, NEC
7319 SERVICES ALLIED TO MOTION PICTURE PRODUCTION
806;=: GENERftL MEDICftL flND SURGICPL HOSPITftLS
3069 SPECIftLTY HOSPITftLS, EXCEPT PSYCHIftTRIC
3071 MEDICftL LflBORftTORIES
3072 DENTftL LftBORflTORIES
8081 QUTPftTIENT CORE FACILITIES
8211 ELEMENTftRY ftND SECONDflRY SCHOOLS
8££1 COLLEGES ftND UNIVERSITIES, N.E.C.
8££2 JUNIOR COLLEGES
8£49 VOCflTION SCHOOLS, N.E.C.
3331 JOB TRftlNING ftND RELflTED SERVICES
8411 MUSEUMS ftND ftRT GftLLERIES
34£1 BOTftNICftL ftND ZOOLOGICftL GftRDENS
89££ NCNCQMMERCIftL RESEftRCH ORGftNIZOTIONS
9££1 POLICE PROTECTION
9££3 CORRECTIONflL INSTITUTIONS
9££4 FIRE PROTECTION
9641 REGULftTION OF flGRICULTURftL MftRKETING flND COMMODITIES
-------
APPENDIX F
DETAILED SQG WASTE MANAGEMENT PROFILES
Table F-l Storage Profile
F-2 Average Storage Time Profile
F-l Maximum Storage Time Profile
F-4 Disposal Profile, Number of Generators
F-5 Disposal Profile, Percent of Generators
F-6 Recycling Profile, Number of Generators
F-7 Recycling Profile, Percent of Generators
F-8 Treatment Profile, Number of Generators
F-9 Treatment Profile, Percent of Generators
F-10 Transportation Profile
F-ll Transportation Notification Profile
F-12 TSDF Notification Profile
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