: 'a-es Office 3*
': e-tai =-::ec:;or Soiia Waste
':/ Washington DC 20460
s.i ...s ..aste -c'
Guidance on Metals and
Hydrogen Chloride Controls
for Hazardous Waste "ESST
AGENCY
DALLAS, TEXA*
Volume IV of the Hazardous Waste
Incineration Guidance Series
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Table of Contents
Introduction : 1
Background and Purpose 1
Overview of Guidance 2
Authority 4
Structure of this Document 5
Tab A: Data Gathering, Terrain Analysis, and Applicability of Screening Tables 1
Step 1: Gather Source Data (from Applicant) 2
Step 2: Determine Land Use Characteristics (using the Auer Method) 3
TabB: Determine Feed Rates or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II) 1
Step 1: Determine Worst-Case Stack for Multiple Stack Sites 2
Step 2: Define Terrain 2
Step 3: Determine Terrain-Adjusted Effective Stack Height. 3
Step4a: Determine Compliance with Tier I Feed Rate Limits 5
Step 4b: Determine Compliance with Tier II Emission Limits 7
TabC: Site-Specific Modeling and Risk Analysis (Tier HI) 1
Step 1: The Permit Writer Determines Whether to Require the Applicant to
Conduct Site-Specific Dispersion Modeling 4
Step 2: Applicant must Submit the Dispersion Modeling Plan for Review
by the Regional Meteorologist or PAT 8
Step 3: Applicant Provides the Model Results and Risk Analysis for
Review (See WORKSHEET 2 in Appendix IV) 9
TabD: Determine Necessary Permit Conditions 1
Step 1: Determine Necessary Permit Conditions 3
Appendix I. Technical Support for the Modeling Risk Assessment
1. Background Information on the Dispersion Modeling used to
Establish Emission Limits 1-1
1.1 Overview of the Modeling Approach 1-1
1.1.1 General Assumptions and Methods 1-1
1.1.2 Specific Steps of the Analysis 1-3
1.2 Facility Selection 1-4
1.3 Model Selection 1-4
1.4 Input Parameters 1-5
1.4.1 Terrain Analysis 1-5
1.4.2 Release Specifications 1-5
1.4.3 Results and Analysis 1-6
2. Urban/Rural Classification—Auer Method 1-8
2.1 Simplified Land Use Process 1-8
3. Background Information on the Health Risk Assumptions used to
Establish Emission Limits 1-12
3.1 Carcinogens 1-12
3.2 Noncarcinogens 1-14
Appendix IT. Using the Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS)
Step-by-Step Procedures for Using GEMS
Step 1: Accessing the GEMS System and GAMS Subsystem II-1
Step 2: Obtain Meteorological Data Requirements for ISCLT II-1
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Step 3: Consult with the Regional Meteorologist or the Permit
Assistance Team (PAT) II-2
Step 4: Identify the Worst-Case Stack II-2
Step 5: Create the ISCLT Input File and Run the Model II-3
Step 6: Follow up Model Runs for Greater Detail II-5
GEMS Model Data Input/Output II-6
Appendix ffl. Technical Support for Permit Conditions
1. Control Techniques and Removal Efficiencies ffl-1
1.1 Air Pollution Control Devices (APCDs) ffl-5
1.1.1 Electrostatic Precipitator ffl-5
1.1.2 Wet Electrostatic Precipitator ffl-7
1.1.2.1 Process Description in-7
1.1.3 Fabric Filter (Baghouse) ffl-7
1.1.3.2 Operation and Maintenance ffl-9
1.1.4 Quench Chamber ffl-9
1.1.4.1 Process Description ffl-9
1.1.4.2 Operation and Maintenance ffl-12
1.1.5 Wet/Dry Scrubber (Spray Dryer) ffl-12
1.1.5.1 Process Description ffl-12
1.1.5.2 Operation and Maintenance ffl-12
1.1.6 Venruri Scrubber ffl-13
1.1.6.1 Process Description ffl-13
1.2 APCD Efficiencies ffl-14
1.3 Metals Partitioning ffl-17
Appendix IV. Worksheets for Permitters' Use
1. Instructions for Completing WORKSHEET 1 W-l
1.1 Reference Information IV-1
1.2 Site Information IV-1
1.3 Requested Maximum Metal and Chlorine Feed Rates IV-2
Appendix V. Hazardous Waste Combustion Air Quality Screening Procedure for
RCRA Permit Writers
Introduction V-l
Step 1: Obtain Permit Data V-4
Step 2: Determine the Applicability of the Screening Procedure V-10
Step 3: Select the Worst-Case Stack V-12
Step 4: Verify Engineering Practice (GEP) Criteria V-13
Step 5: Determine the Effective Stack Height and the Terrain Adjusted
Effective Stack Height V-15
Step 6: Classify the Site as Urban or Rural V-20
Step 7: Identify Maximum Dispersion Coefficients V-20
Step 8: Estimate Maximum Ambient Air Concentrations V-28
Step 9: Determine Compliance with Regulatory Limits V-30
Step 10: Multiple Stack Method (Optional) V-32
Appendix A: Rational for the Screening Procedure V-49
Introduction V-49
Development of the Screening Procedure V-49
Rational For Technical Approach / Step-By-Step Description V-53
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Introduction
GUIDANCE ON METALS AND HYDROGEN
CHLORIDE CONTROLS FOR
HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS
Background and Purpose
The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed amendments to the Subpart 0,
Part 264 hazardous waste incinerator rules. The proposal states the Agency's conclusion
that emissions of metals and hydrogen chloride (HC1) from hazardous waste incinerators
can pose unreasonable levels of risk, and in those cases, need to be regulated more
stringently than under existing rules in order to protect human health and the environment
This guidance document is designed to enable the permit writer to exercise his authority
under Section 3005(c)(3) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act to develop
permit requirements as may be necessary to ensure that metals and HC1 emissions do not
pose unacceptable risk to human health and the environment
This document sets out ways of implementing controls for metals and HC1
emissions consistent with the proposed rule. The approach is intended to ensure that
emissions of individual metals and HG reaching a hypothetical maximum exposed
individual (MET) do not exceed ambient health-based levels1 The Agency has proposed
these health-based levels (known as Risk-Specific Doses (RSDs) for carcinogens and
Reference Air Concentrations (RACs) for noncarcinogens) for public comment Permit
applicants could demonstrate compliance with these ambient levels by emissions testing and
using site-specific dispersion modeling consistent with the EPA "Guideline on Air Quality
Models." To avoid the burden of dispersion modeling, the applicant could use an alternate
approach to demonstrate conformance with the ambient levels. Under the alternate
approach, the applicant could demonstrate that emissions of metals and HC1, or feed rates
1 There is an existing technology-based emission standard for HG emissions. The purpose of the
HG guidance is to provide a site-specific, risk-based check to ensure that the existing standard is protective.
If, however, the existing standard requires a greater level of control than the risk-based standard, the more
stringent control applies.
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Introduction
of metals and chlorine, do not exceed emissions or feed rate Screening Limits. The
emissions Screening Limits were developed by back-calculating from the RSDs and RACs
using dispersion coefficients for reasonable, worst-case facilities. The feed rate Screening
Limits were back-calculated from the emissions Screening Limits assuming that all metals
and chlorine fed to the device were emitted (i.e., no partitioning to bottom ash or removal
by air pollution control equipment).
EPA emphasizes that permit writers choosing to. include permit provisions based on
this guidance must accept and respond to critical comment with an open mind, just as the
Agency has solicited public comment on the proposed approach with an open mind. In
addition, permit writers must justify in the administrative record supporting the permit any
decisions based on the guidance. The administrative record to the proposed amendments to
the incinerator rules presents the basis for the proposed controls. Key parts of this record
are attached as Appendix I to this guidance document, and could serve to justify the permit
writer's use of the guidance. The key point, however, is that in using the guidance permit
writers must keep an open mind, accepting and responding to comment, and justifying use
of this guidance, or pans thereof, on the record, just as the Agency will respond to
comment on its proposed rules and ultimately any final rule.
Overview of Guidance
Through rulemaking, EPA is developing a tiered series of standards based entirely
upon evaluations of health risk. Though they differ in design, each of the tiers meets a
common objective. That objective is to limit potential exposure of the most exposed
individual to carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic metals and HC1 to acceptable additional
risks, namely:
• That exposure to all carcinogenic metals of concern be limited such that the
sum of the excess risks attributable to ambient concentrations of these
metals not exceed an additional lifetime individual ris; > the potential most
exposed individual (MEI) of 10-5; and
• That exposure to each noncarcinogenic metal and HO be limited such that
exposure to the potential MEI does not exceed the reference air
concentration (RAC). For lead, the RAC is 10 percent of the National
Introduction-2
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Introduction
Ambient Air Quality Standard. For HC1, the RAC is 100 percent of the
inhalation reference dose (RfD). For the other noncarcinogens, the RACs
are 25 percent of the oral RfD convened, 1 to 1, to an inhalation RfD.
Appendix I presents supporting information about health risks for carcinogens and
noncarcinogens.
Using air dispersion modeling for 25 reasonable, worst-case incinerators located in
complex and noncomplex terrain, and for 11 hypothetical incinerators (representing the
range of release parameters for hazardous waste incinerators) assumed to be located at each
of these 25 facilities, the Agency is proposing national performance standards for feed rates
and emissions limits through a tiered approach. Tier I would set limits on feed rates. The
feed rate limits would be back-calculated from the Tier II emission limits assuming no
credit for partitioning of metals to bottom ash or for removal of metals or HC1 from stack
gases by air pollution control devices (APCDs). Thus, the Tier I feed rate limits and the
Tier n emission limits would be numerically equal but expressed in different units: Ib/hr
feed rate versus g/sec emission rate. Compliance with Tier I could be demonstrated simply
by analysis of waste feeds. Tier n would set emissions limits derived by back-calculating
from ambient levels posing acceptable health risks using dispersion coefficients for
reasonable, worst-case facilities. Compliance must be demonstrated by stack emissions
tests; thus, partitioning to bottom ash and APCD removal efficiency would be considered.
Tier HI would allow the applicant to demonstrate by site-specific dispersion modeling that
emissions higher than the Tier n limits will nonetheless not result in an exceedance of
ambient levels that pose unacceptable health risks. In effect, the applicant would be
demonstrating that dispersion of emissions from the facility being permitted is better than
for the reasonable, worst-case facilities used to derive the Tier n limits.
In evaluating dispersion coefficients for maximum annual average ground level
concentrations for the reasonable, worst-case facilities, EPA has initially determined that
terrain and land use classifications1 have a significant enough effect on dispersion
coefficients to establish different Tier I and Tier n screening limits for the following terrain
and land use categories:
See Appendix I for definitions.
Introduction-3
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Introduction
For Metals
A. Noncomplex terrain (i.e., flat or rolling)
1. Urban land use
2. Rural land use
B. Complex terrain
For HC1
A. Noncomplex terrain
B. Complex terrain
Authority
Section 3005(c)(3) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), as
amended by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA), provides
authority to EPA to establish permit conditions for hazardous waste facilities beyond the
scope of existing regulations. It states, "(ejach permit...shall contain such terms and
conditions as the Administrator or State determines necessary to protect human health and
the environment." This language has been added verbatim to EPA's hazardous waste
regulations at 40 CFR 270.32 by the Codification Rule published at 50 FR 28701-2875S
on July 15, 1985.l It is also listed as a self-implementing HSWA provision at 40 CFR
271.l(j) in 51 FR 22712-23 (September 22,1986).
Because this guidance is implemented under HSWA's omnibus authority, it may be
put into effect immediately in all States, regardless of their authorization status. EPA has
authority to implement this guidance in authorized States until those States have revised
their own requirements and such revisions have been approved by EPA. This must occur
on or before July 1,1989. (This assumes that the amendments to 40 CFR 264 Subpart O
to control metal emissions will be promulgated in August 1988. The schedule for revising
State requirements is given in 40 CFR 271.21(6X2), as revised at 51 FR 33722.)
1 The preamble to this regulation provides EPA's legal interpretation and discusses its impact on
State authorization 950 FR 28728-33).
Introduction-4
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Introduction
At present, EPA does not have the authority to reopen existing permits to implement
this metals emission guidance.
Structure of This Document
A risk-based approach to permitting can be relatively complex, but every effort has
been made to break up the necessary analyses into a series of simple steps.
This guidance document is divided into two principal parts: (1) a structured
working document containing step-by-step guidance, and (2) a series of appendices
describing the technical basis for the methods and assumptions used. The working
document itself is divided into four separately-labeled tabs. Each tab contains all the
material necessary to complete the analysis specified. The series of steps needed to conduct
the analysis generally is as follows:
Tab A Data Gathering. Terrain Analysis, and Applicability of Screening Tables —
The permit writer requests specific data from the applicant to determine the
incinerator location (especially its surrounding terrain), relevant factors
affecting the dispersion of pollutants from the incinerator (its physical stack
height and related information), and requested feed rates by feed system.
Using this information, the permit writer determines whether the Tiers I and
n Screening Tables will be appropriate for the specific facility in question.1
Tab B Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tiers I and ITV—If the Tier I and
Tier n Screening Tables are appropriate, the permit writer uses Tab B. Its
purpose is to provide the permit writer with tables to look up feed rate (Tier
I) or emission (Tier n) limits for each pollutant based on terrain adjusted
effective stack height
TabC Site-Specific Modeling and Risk Analysis (Tier III)—If the Tier I and Tier
n Screening Tables are not appropriate for the facility, or if the facility's
feed rates and emissions exceed the values provided by the Screening
Tables, the permit writer determines whether to require the applicant to
conduct a site-specific risk analysis or to conduct the modeling (and risk
assessment) in house (for metals only). If the modeling is conducted in
house for flat terrain, the permit writer uses the Graphical Exposure
1 Although the Tier I and Tier II Screening Tables were derived from dispersion analyses of
reasonable, worst-case facilities, the limits may not be fully protective in every situation. A particular
facility may, in fact, have poorer dispersion than the reasonable, worst-case facilities used in EPA's
analyses.
Introduction-5
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Introduction
Modeling System (GEMS). If the modeling is conducted in house for
rolling or complex terrains, the permit writer may use a screening model
approach when applicable. Appendix V contains a screening procedure that
is applicable in the special situations presented in Tab C. In these
situations, it may be more advantageous to use the screening model in lieu
of site-specific dispersion modeling. The screen provides a fast, easy
method for estimating potential maximum ambient air concentrations (i.e.,
dispersion coefficients). The screening methodology is based on air
dispersion modeling conducted in accordance with EPA guidelines. It does
not, however, require that air dispersion modeling be performed. Instead, it
is a simple step-by-step process involving standardized release parameters
and generic look-up tables.
Tab D Determine Necessary Permit Conditions—Using the feed rate and/or
emission limits from Tab B (Tiers I and II) or the results of site-specific
modeling and risk analysis (or a screening model if applicable) as explained
in Tab C (Tier HI), the permit writer develops the necessary operating
requirements for the incinerator and writes diem into the permit
Introduction-*
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Introduction
A detailed list of the steps in this document is presented below.
Overview of the Procedure for Establishing Limits
Tab A: Data Gathering. Terrain Analysis, and Applicability of
Screening Tables
Step 1: Gather source data—(from applicant)
Step 2. Determine land use characteristics—(using the Auer method)
Step 3. Determine suitability of Tier I and Tier II Screening
Tables
—If suitable: go to Tab B
—If not suitable: go to Tab C
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits fTiers I and m
Step 1: If there is more than one onsite hazardous waste
incinerator stack, determine worst-case stack
Step 2. Define terrain
Step 3. Determine terrain adjusted effective stack height
Step 4a: Determine compliance with Tier I feed rate limits
—If limits exceeded: go to Tab B Step 4b
—If limits not exceeded: go to Tab D
Introduction-?
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Introduction
Step 4b: Determine compliance with Tier II emission limits
— If limits exceeded: go to Tab C
— If limits not exceeded: go to Tab D
Tab C: Site-Specific Modeling and Risk Analysis (Tier
Step I: The permit writer determines whether to require the
applicant to conduct site-specific dispersion modeling
(and risk assessment) or to conduct the modeling (and
risk assessment) in house.
—Applicant conducts the modeling and risk assessment: go to
Tab C Step 2
— Modeling and risk assessment conducted in house using GEMS
for applications when terrain rise is less than 10 percent of
stack height1
— If risk acceptable: go to Tab D
— If risk unacceptable: emissions must be reduced
— Where appropriate, modeling conducted in house using the
Appendix V Screen:
— If risk acceptable: go to Tab D
— If risk unacceptable: go to Tab C Step 2
Step 2: Applicant must submit the dispersion modeling plan for
review by the permit writer with assistance from the
Regional Meteorologist or PAT
It is expected that these modeling runs will be made without inputting terrain data.
Introduction-8
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Introduction
Step 3: Applicant provides the model results and risk analysis
for review by the permit writer with assistance from the
Regional Meteorologist or PAT
Tab D: Determine Necessary Permit Conditions
Introduction-9
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REFERENCES
USEPA. 1977. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards. Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and Analysis —
Volume 10 (Revised) — Procedures for Evaluating Air Quality Impact of New
Stationary Sources. Research Triangle Park, N.C., EPA-450/4-77-001.
USEPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards. Guidelines on Air Quality Models (Revised). Research Triangle Park,
N.C., EPA-450/2-78-027R.
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Tab A: Data Gathering, Terrain Analysis, and Applicability of
Screening Tables
The purpose of Tab A is to obtain all the data necessary to establish, using the
Screening Tables provided in Tab B, conservative feed rate or emission limits with
minimal effort by the applicant and permit writer. This tab will also provide criteria to
determine whether or not the feed rate and emission limits provided in Tab B should be
applied to a given facility. If these tables are inappropriate, the applicant normally would
be required to conduct dispersion modeling in conformance with the EPA "Guidelines on
Air Quality Models." In some cases, however, when the Screening Tables are
inappropriate or for the reasons identified in Tab C, the permit writer may use a screening
model (Sullivan and Hlinka, 1988) described in Appendix V to predict dispersion
coefficients rather than requiring the applicant to conduct site-specific modeling.
Appendix IV contains worksheets to assist the applicant in providing the permit
writer with the information required for the analysis.
Tab A consists of the following four steps:
• Step 1: Gather source data—(from applicant)
• ^ f f *
Step 2: Select urban/rural classifications
Step 3: Determine suitability of Tier I and Tier n Screening Tables
— If suitable: go to Tab B
9
— If suitable: go to Tab B
— If not suitable: go to Tab C
Tab A-l
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Tab A: Data Gathering, Terrain Analysis, and Applicability of Screening Tables
Step 1: Gather
source data (from
applicant): The first
step is to ensure that the
applicant provides the
information identified in
WORKSHEET 1 (see
Appendix IV), and
submits U.S. Geologic
Survey (USGS) 7.5
minute topographic maps
showing the terrain within
5 km of the facility.
(A) This form requests information about the following
items:
• Facility geographical location
• Terrain parameters
• Stack parameters
• Dimensions of and distances to nearby
buildings from the incinerator unit or units
• Requested metal and chlorine feed rates.
Tab A-2
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Tab A: Data Gathering, Terrain Analysis, and Applicability of Screening Tables
Step 2: Determine
land use
characteristics (using
the Auer method).
(A) Determine land use characteristics within 3 km of the
stack using the Auer method provided in Appendix I.
Topographic maps, zoning maps and/or aerial
photographs can be used to identify land use types.
However, this approach can be time consuming and
cumbersome. As an alternative, a simplified
procedure is shown in Appendix I, which is
consistent with the EPA Guideline on Air Quality
Models.
(B) Determine the percentage of urban land use types (as
defined in Appendix I) that fall within 3 km of the
facility.
A planimeter may be used to trace the boundaries of
the urban sections to determine the percentage urban
area,
(Q The ratio of the urban area to the area of the 3 km
circle multiplied by 100 will be the percentage of land
use that is urban.
(D) If the urban land use types are less than or equal to
30 percent urban based on a visual estimate (or 50
percent if based on a planimeter), use the rural tables
in Tab B.
If the urban land use types (as defined in Appendix I)
are greater than 30 percent (or 50 percent based on
planimeter measurements), the most conservative
(lower) value between the urban and rural Screening
Tables should be used, or the standard Auer land use
technique applied (Auer 1978, EPA 1986 Guideline
on Air Quality Models).
Tab A-3
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Tab A: Data Gathering, Terrain Analysis, and Applicability of Screening Tables
Step 3; Determine the (A) If any of the following criteria are associated with the
suitability (subject to application, it is recommended that site-specific
comment during the modeling (or the screening model) be used in lieu of
permit proceeding) of the Tier I and Tier n Screening Tables presented in
Tier I and Tier H Tab B:
Screening Tables:
This step is to decide, • Facility is located in a narrow valley less than
based on the following 1 km wide.
criteria, whether or not the
facility can be evaluated • Facility has a stack taller than 20 m and is
using the feed rate and • located such that the terrain rises to the
emission limit tables. physical stack height within 1 km of the
facility.
• Facility has a stack taller than 20 m and is
located within 5 km of the shoreline of a large
body of water (such as an ocean or large
lake).
• If the physical stack height of any stack is
less than 2.5 times the height of the building
identified with that stack on WORKSHEET 1
and the distance from the stack to the closest
boundary is within five building heights of
the associated building or five projected
widths of the associated building, then site
specific analysis is required because of
potential downwash complications at MEI
receptors.
(B) If the Screening Tables are determined to be suitable,
confirm this with Regional Meteorologist or PAT,
and go to Tab B; if not, go to Tab C.
Tab A-4
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Tab B: Determine Feed Rates or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier IT)
The purpose of Tab B is to determine if the applicant's proposed feed rates or
documented, measured emission rates exceed the values established in the Screening
Tables.
The Screening Tables classify facilities in terms of terrain-adjusted effective stack
height, terrain characteristics, and urban versus rural land use. Both the effective stack
height and the screening feed rates or emission limits are determined simply by reading
numbers off of Tier I and Tier H Screening Tables provided in the tab. If the facility has
more than one hazardous waste incinerator stack onsite, it is recommended that permit
writers choose the most conservative (i.e., worst-case) stack as representative (all
pollutants are assumed to be emitted from the worst-case stack).
Tab B consists of the following three recommended steps:
• Step 1: If there is more than one onsite hazardous waste incinerator
stack, determine worst-case stack
• Step 2: Define terrain
• Step 3: Determine terrain-adjusted effective stack height
• Step 4a: Compare applicant's proposed feed rates to limits in Tier I
Screening Tables
— If limits exceeded: go to Tab B Step 4b
— The applicant may decide to accept lower limits than
those proposed
— If limits not exceeded: go to Tab D
• Step 4b: Compare applicant's documented emission rates to limits in
Tier H Screening Tables
— If limits exceeded: go to Tab C
— The applicant may decide to accept lower limits than
those proposed
— If limits not exceeded: go to Tab D
Tab B-l
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Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Step 1-. Determine
worst-case stack for
multiple stack sites.
Step 2: Define
terrain: The second step
is to determine whether
the facility lies in complex
or noncomplex (i.e.,
rolling or flat) terrain.
For sites with a single stack,go directly to Step 2.
For facilities with multiple stacks, the following
procedure must be considered in identifying the
worst case stack.
Apply the following equation to each stack:
K = HVT
Where:K » An arbitrary parameter accounting for relative
influence of physical stack height and plume rise.
H = Stack height (m)
V * Flow rate (m3/sec)
T» Exhaust temperature (K)).
The stack with the lowest value of K is the worst-
case stack.
(A) From the data provided on WORKSHEET 1,
compare the maximum terrain rise with the physical
stack height For sites with multiple stacks, use the
worst case stack identified in Step 1, Tab B. If the
terrain rise, within 5 km, is greater than the physical
stack height, the facility is considered to be in
complex terrain for the purposes of this analysis.
(B) The determination of terrain should be reviewed by
the Regional Meteorologist or PAT.
Tab B-2
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Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Step 3: Determine
terrain-adjusted
effective stack height.
(A) If any stack's physical height is less than the
minimum GEP (Good Engineering Practice) stack
height, then we recommend that a 4 m stack height
be used as the terrain-adjusted stack height and this is
defined as the worst case stack for subsequent
analyses. If this condition applies go to Tab B
Step 4a.
Note: Minimum GEP is defined by the following equation:
GEP (minimum) =H + 1JL
Where; H» Height of a nearby structure (i.e., the stack's
associated building from WORKSHEET 1) measured
from ground level elevation at the base of the stack
L * The lesser dimension of the height or projected width
of a nearby structure (i.e., the stack's associated
building from WORKSHEET 1)
(B) Use the stack gas exit flow rate and temperature to
determine the corresponding plume rise value from
Table B-l. For sites with multiple stacks, use data
for the worst case stack determined in Step 1.
(Q Add the plume rise value to die actual physical stack
height to determine the effective stack height
(D) Subtract the maximum terrain rise within 5 km from
this value to determine the terrain-adjusted effective
stack height
If die terrain-adjusted effective stack height minus the
maximum terrain is less than 4 meters (or is a
negative number), then use 4 meters as the terrain-
adjusted effective stack height The tables have been
calculated such that the limits given for the 4 meter
stack height are to be conservative for any stack
height of 4 meters or less.
Note 1: The ISCLT and ISCST dispersion models
were used to develop the screening tables. These
models, like most EPA models, contain a term to
adjust wind speed as a function of physical release
height. Wind speed approaches zero as the height of
release approaches zero. This results in the
concentration term unrealistically increasing as
Tab B-3
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Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier, I and Tier II)
release height approaches zero. Since low level
structures such as storage tanks, buildings, and
miscellaneous equipment, will result in low level
mixing, a zero effective release height would not be a
realistic treatment for an incinerator release, even
those with physical release heights less than 4
meters.
Note:2: We recommend that the physical stack
height used in this exercise to determine the terrain •
adjusted effective stack height be no greater than the
maximum GEP (Good Engineering Practice) stack
height for the facility.
The maximum GEP physical stack height is defined
as the greater of 65 meters or H + 15L, where,
H s Height of a nearby structure (i.e., the stack's
associated building from WORKSHEET 1)
measured from ground level elevation at the base of
the stack.
L = The lesser dimension of the height or projected
width of a nearby structure (i.e., the stack's
associated building from WORKSHEET 1).
Tab B-4
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Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier ID
Step 4a: Determine
compliance with Tier
I feed rate limits.
Noncarcinogen^
(A) Using the following tables, read the Tier I feed rate
limit for each pollutant that corresponds to the
appropriate terrain-adjusted effective stack height:
• Table B-2 for metals, noncomplex terrain
• Table B-3 for metals, complex terrain.
Table B-10 for HQ
(B) Compare the applicant's proposed total pollutant feed
rates with the Tier I limits determined above for each
metal:
• If limits exceeded: go to Tab B Step 4b
—The applicant may decide to accept lower
limits than those proposed instead of going to
Tab B Step 4b (Tier H)
• If limits not exceeded: go to Tab D.
Note: The recommended means of making this
determination for facilities with multiple onsite stacks
is to compare the Tier I limit for each pollutant with
the total feed rate for all incinerators (i.e.. all feeds
are assumed to be fed through the i.e., worst-case
stack).
Carcinogens
(A) Using the following tables, read the Tier I feed rate
limit for each metal that corresponds to the
appropriate terrain -effective stack height:
• Table B-4 for noncomplex terrain
• Table B-5 for complex terrain.
(B) If only one carcinogenic metal is incinerated,
compare the applicant's proposed feed rate with the
Tier I standard determined above:
• If limits exceeded: go to Tab B Step 4b
—The applicant may decide to accept lower
Tab B-5
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
metals limits than those proposed instead of
going to Tab B Step 4b (Tier n)
• If limits not exceeded: go to Tab D.
(C) If multiple carcinogenic metals are incinerated, then
the sum of the ratios of the proposed total feed rates
(actual feed rate) by metal, to the feed rate limits must
not exceed 1.0. The following equation would be
used:
n
I
Actual Feed Rate,
Tier I Feed Rate Limit,
Where i * carcinogenic metals considered.
If the above equation is > 1.0, then the limits are
exceeded
If limits exceeded: go to Tab B Step 4b
—The applicant may decide to accept lower
metals limits than those proposed instead of
going to Tab B Step 4b (Tier n)
• If limits not exceeded: go to Tab D.
Note: For facilities with multiple onsite stacks, it is
recommended that permit writers compare the Tier I
limit for each metal with the total feed rate for all
incinerators {i.e., all feeds are assumed to be fed
through the worst-case stack).
Tab
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Step 4h: Determine
compliance with Tier
II emission limits.
(A) Using the following tables, read the Tier II emission
limit for each pollutant that corresponds to the
appropriate terrain-adjusted effective stack height:
• Table B-6 for metals, noncomplex terrain
• Table B-7 for metals, complex terrain.
Table B-11 for HQ
(B) Compare the actual emission rates with the Tier II
limits determined above:
• If limits exceeded: go to Tab C
—The applicant may decide to accept lower
limits than those proposed instead of
going to Tab C and performing site-specific
modeling
• If limits not exceeded: go to Tab D,
Note: For facilities with multiple onsite stacks, it is
recommended that the permit writer compare the Tier
II limit for each pollutant with the total emission rate
for all incinerators (i.e., all emissions are assumed to
be emitted from the worst-case stack).
Carcinogens
(A) Using the following tables, read the Tier II emission
limit for each metal that corresponds to the
appropriate terrain-adjusted effective stack height:
• Table B-8 for noncomplex terrain
• Table B-9 for complex terrain.
(B) If only one carcinogenic metal is incinerated,
compare the actual emission rate with the Tier II
standard determined above:
If limits exceeded: go to Tab C
—The applicant may decide to accept lower
Tab B-7
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tver
ID
'\ metals limits than those proposed instead of
going to Tab C and performing site-specific
modeling
• If limits not exceeded: go to Tab D.
(C) If multiple carcinogenic metals are incinerated, then
the sum of the ratios of the actual emission rates to
the emission limits must not exceed 1.0. The
following equation would be used:
y
^^ Tier II Emission Limit,
i > 1
Actual Emissions,
Where i» carcinogenic metals considered.
If the above equation is > 1.0, then the limits are
exceeded:
• If limits exceeded: go to Tab C
—The applicant may decide to accept lower
metals limits than those proposed instead of
going to Tab C and performing site-specific
modeling
• If limits not exceeded: go to Tab D.
Note: For facilities with multiple onsite stacks, it is
recommended that the permit writer compare the Tier
II limit for each pollutant with the total emission rate
for all incinerators (i.e., all emissions would be
assumed to be emitted from the worst-case stack).
The information in the following tables was derived
from risk assessments of reasonable worst-
case scenarios. Technical background information
is included in Appendix I.
Tab B-8
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I aad Tier II)
Table B-1
Plume Rise Values (m) vs. stack Parameters
Flow rate*
(m3/s«c)
<0.5
0.5-0.9
1.0-1.9
2.0-2.9
3.0-3.9
4.0-4.9
5.0-7.4
7.5-9.9
10.0-12.4
12.5-14.9
15.0-19.9
20.0-24.9
25.0-29.9
30.0-34.9
35.0-39.9
40.0-49.9
50.0-59.9
60.0-69.9
>69.9
Exhaust temperature (K)
<325
0
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
14
16
18
325-
349
0
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
8
9
10
12
13
15
18
20
350-
399
0
1
1
2
3
3
4
5
7
8
9
11
13
15
17
19
22
26
29
400-
449
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
13
17
20
22
25
28
33
38
42
450-
499
1
1
2
4
5
6
7
10
12
14
16
20
24
27
31
34
40
45
49
500-
599
1
1
2
4
6
7
8
11
14
16
19
23
27
31
35
39
44
50
54
600-
699
1
2
3
5
7
8
10
13
16
19
22
27
32
37
41
44
50
56
62
700-
799
1
2
3
5
7
9
11
14
18
21
24
30
35
40
44
48
55
61
67
800-
999
1
2
3
6
8
10
11
15
19
22
26
32
38
42
46
50
57
64
70
1000
1499
1
3
4
6
8
10
12
17
21
24
28
35
41
45
50
54
61
68
75
>1499
1
2
4
7
9
11
13
18
23
27
31
38
44
49
54
58
66
74
81
(1) Using the given stack exit flow rate and gas temperature,
find the corresponding plume rise value from the above table.
(2) Add the physical stack height to the corresponding plume rise values
[effective stack height • physical stack height + plume rise).
'Plume rise is a function of buoyancy and momentum which are in turn
functions of flow rate, not simply exit velocity. Row Rate is defined
as the inner cross-sectional area of the stack multiplied by the exit
velocity of the stack gases.
Tab B-9
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Table B-2
Feed Rat* Screening Limits for Noncarcinogenic Metals
for Facilities In Noneomplax Terrain
Tarrain-adjustad
affactiva
stack height
4m
•jm
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
95m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Values for urban areas
Antimony
(Ib/hr)
1.3E-01
1.5E-01
1.7E-01
1.9E-01
2.2E-01
2.4E-01
2.8E-01
3.1E-01
3.5E-01
4.0E-01
4.5E-01
5.1E-01
5.7E-01
6.5E-01
8.3E-01
1.1E+00
1.4E+00
1.7E+00
Z2E+00
2.7E+00
3.3E+00
3.7E+00
4.2E-MX)
4.8E+00
5.4E+00
6£E*00
7.0E+00
a.oE+00
9.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.2E+01
1.3E+01
Barium
(Ib/hr)
2.2E+01
Z5E+01
2.8E+01
3.2E+01
3.6E-t-01
4.1E*01
4.6E-t-01
5.2E+01
5.9E+01
6.6E*01
7.5E*01
8.5E+01
9.6E+01
1.1E-M32
1.4E>02
1.8E*02
2.3E*02
Z9E+02
3.6E>02
4.5E-K02
5.5E*02
6.2E*02
7.0E+02
8.0E*02
9.1E*02
1.0E^03
1.2E*03
1.3E+03
1.5E+03
1.7E+03
1.9E*03
2.2E+03
Lead
(Ib/hr)
4.0E-02
4.5E-02
5.1E-02
5.8E-02
6.5E-02
7.3E-02
8.3E-02
9.4E-02
1.1E-01
1.2E-01
1.4E-01
1.5E-01
1.7E-01
1.9E-01
2.5E-01
3.2E-01
4.1E-01
5.2E-01
6.5E-01
8.0E-01
9.9E-01
1.1E*00
1.3E*00
1.4E-MDO
1.66-^00
1.9E+00
Z1E+00
2.4E*00
2.7E+00
3.1E-.-00
3.5E-fOO
4.0E-I-00
Mercury
(Ib/hr)
1.3E-01
1.5E-01
1.7E-01
1.9E-01
2.2E-01
2.4E-01
2.8EO1
3.1E-01
3.5E-01
4.0E-01
4.5E-01
5.1E-01
5.7E-01
6.5E-01
8.3E-01
1.1E*00
1.3E>00
1.7E*00
Z2E+00
2.7E+00
3.3E+00
3.7E+00
4.2E-^00
4.8E*00
5.4E+00
6J2E*00
7.0E-MX
7.9E*00
9.0E*00
1.0E+01
1^E+01
1.3E+01
Silver
(Ib/hr)
1.3E+00
1.5E+00
1.7E+00
1.9E*00
2.2E+00
2.4E*00
2.8E+00
3.1E*00
3.5E+00
4.0E+00
4.5E+00
5.1E+00
5.7E+00
6.5E*00
8.3E*00
1.1E+01
1.4E*01
1.7E*01
2.2E*01
2.7E^01
3.3E+01
3.7E+01
4.2E*01
4.8E*01
5.4E*01
6.2E+01
7.0E*01
8.0E+01
9.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.2E+02
1.3E+02
Thallium
(Ib/hr)
1.3E-01
1.5E-01
1.7E-01
1.9E-01
2^E-01
2.4E-01
2.8E-01
3.1E-01
3.5E-01
4.0E-01
4.5E-01
5.1E-01
5.7E-01
6.5E-01
8.3E-01
1.1E+00
1.4E+00
1.7E+00
Z2E*00
2.7E+00
3.3E-COO
3.7E+00
4.2E*00
4.8E+00
5.4E+00
6.2E*00
7.0E+00
8.0E+00
9.0E+00
1.0E*01
1.2E+01
1.3E+01
Tab B-10
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Table B-2 (Cont.)
Feed Rat* Screening Limits for Noncarclnoganle Metals
for Facilities In Noncomplex Terrain
Terrain-adjusted
effective
stack height
4m
6m
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
95m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Values for rural areas
Antimony
(Ib/hr)
6.9E-02
7.9E-0?
9.0E-02
1.0E-01
1.3E-01
1.5E-01
1.9E-01
2.4E-01
2.9E-01
3.8E-01
4.8E-01
6.1E-01
7.7E-01
9.8E-01
1. 66+00
2.46+00
3.3E+00
4.46+00
5.86+00
7.6E+00
1.06+01
1.2E+01
1.4E+01
1.76+01
2.06+01
2.46+01
2.96+01
3.46+01
4.1 6*01
4.86+01
5.86+01
6.96+01
Barium
(Ib/hr)
1.1E+01
1.36+01
1.56+01
1.76+01
2.1E+01
2.6E+01
3.2E*01
4.0E+01
4.9E+01
6.3E-M31
8.0E-K01
1.0E+02
1.3E>02
1.6E*02
2.6E^02
4.0E+02
5.5E+02
7.3E*02
9.6E*02
1.3E+03
1.7E+03
ZOE*03
Z4E*03
Z8E-MD3
3.4E*03
4.0E+03
4.8E+03
5.7E*03
6.8E+03
8.1E*03
9.6E+03
1.1E+04
Lead
(Ib/hr)
2.1E-02
2.4E-02
2.7E-02
3.1E-02
3.8E-02
4.6E-02
5.7E-02
7.1E-02
8.8E-02
1.1E-01
1.4E-01
1.8E-01
2.3E-01
2.9E-01
4.7E-01
7.1E-01
9.9E-01
1.3E+00
1.7E*00
2.3E-^00
3.0E*00
3.6E+00
4.3E*00
5.1E+00
S.lE-fOO
7.2E+00
8.6E+00
1.0E>01
1.2E-MD1
1.5E*01
1.7E+01
2.1E+01
Mercury
(Ib/hr)
6.9E-02
7.9E-02
9.0E-02
1.0E-01
1.3E-01
1.5E-01
1.9E-01
2.4E-01
2.9E-01
3.7E-01
4.8E-01
6.1E-01
7.7E-01
9.8E-01
1.6E-MXI
Z4E+00
3.3E-KOO
4.4E+00
5.8E+00
7.6E*00
1.0E*01
1.2E*01
1.4E+01
1.76*01
ZOE-K01
Z4E-MD1
2.9E*01
3.46*01
4.16*01
4.86*01
5.86*01
6.96*01
Silver
(Ib/hr)
6.9E-01
7.96-01
9.0E-01
1.0E+00
1.3E*00
1.5E*00
1.9E*00
2.4E*00
2.9E*00
3.8E*00
4.8E*00
6.1E+00
7.7E*00
9.8E+00
1.6E*01
Z4E*01
3.3E*01
4.4E*01
5.8E*01
7.6E*01
1.0E*02
1.26*02
1.46*02
1.76+02
£06+02
2.46*02
Z9E*02
3.46*02
4.16*02
4.86+02
5.86+02
6.96+02
Thallium
(Ib/hr)
6.96-02
7.96-02
9.06-02
1.0E-01
1.36-01
1.56-01
1.96-01
2.4E-01
2.9E-01
3.8E-01
4.8E-01
6.1E-01
7.7E-01
9.8E-01
1.6E+00
2.4E+00
3.36+00
4.46+00
5.86+00
7.6E+00
1.06+01
1.2E+01
1. 46+01
1.7E+01
2.06+01
2.46+01
2.9E+01
3.46+01
4.16+01
4.8E+01
5.8E+01
6.96+01
Tab B-ll
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Table B-3
Feed R«t« Screening Limit* for Noncarcinoganic Metals
for Facilities In Complex Terrain
Terrain-adjusted
effective
stack height
4m
6m
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
96m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Values for us* In urban and rural areas
Antimony
(Ib/hr)
3.1E-02
4.6E-02
6.7E-02
9.9E-02
1.2E-01
1.5E-01
1.7E-01
1.9E-01
2.1E-01
2.3E-01
2.6E-01
2.9E-01
3.2E-01
3.5E-01
4.4E-01
5.4E-01
6.6E-01
8.1E-01
1.0E+00
1.2E+00
1.5E+00
1.7E+00
1.9E+00
2.1E+00
2.4E+00
Z7E+00
3.0E+00
3.4E+00
3.8E+00
4.2E+00
4.7E+00
5.3E+00
Barium
(Ib/hr)
5.2E+00
7.7E+00
1.1E+01
1.7E+01
2.0E+01
2.5E+01
2.9E+01
3.2E+01
3.5E+01
3.9E+01
4.3E+01
4.8E+01
5.3E-MD1
5.8E+01
7.3E*01
8.9E*01
1.1E+02
1.4E+02
1.7E+02
2.1E+02
2.5E*02
2.8E+02
3.2E+02
3.6E+02
4.0E+C2
4.5E+02
5.0E-M32
5.6E>02
6.3E+02
7.0E-M32
7.9E+02
8.8E-MD2
Lead
(Ib/hr)
9.4E-03
1.4E-02
2.0E-02
3.0E-02
3.6E-02
4.4E-02
5.2E-02
5.7E-02
6.3E-02
7.0E-02
7.7E-02
8.6E-02
9.5E-02
1.0E-01
1.3E-01
1.6E-01
2.0E-01
2.4E-01
3.0E-01
3.7E-01
4.6E-01
5.1E-01
5.7E-01
6.4E-01
7.2E-01
8.0E-01
9.0E-01
1.0E>00
1.1E-MX)
1.3E+00
1.4E-fOO
1.6E+00
Mercury
(Ib/hr)
3.1E-02
4.6E-02
6.7E-02
9.9E-02
1.2E-01
1.5E-01
1.7E-01
1.9E-01
2.1E-01
2.3E-01
2.6E-01
2.9E-01
3.2E-01
3.5E-01
4.3E-01
5.4E-01
6.6E01
8.1E-01
1.0E*00
1.2E+00
1.5E+00
1.7E*00
1.9E+00
2.1E*00
^4E*00
2.7E+00
3.0E-KOO
3.4E-MX)
3.8E+00
4.2E+00
4.7E+00
5.3E+00
Silver
(Ib/hr)
3.1E-01
4.6E-01
6.7E-01
9.9E-01
1.2E-t-00
1.5E*00
1.7E*00
1.9E+00
2.1E+00
2.3E+00
2.6E4-00
2.9E+00
3.2E>00
3.5E-KOO
4.4E+00
5.4E4-00
6.6E+00
8.1E4-00
1.0E+01
1.2E+01
1.SE+01
1.7E+01
1.9E*01
2.1E*01
Z4E+01
iTE+01
3.0E+01
3.4E*01
3.8E+01
4.2E+01
4.7E+01
5.3E+01
Thallium
(Ib/hr)
3.1E-02
4.6E-02
6.7E-02
9.9E-02
1.2E-01
1.5E-01
1.7E-01
1.9E-01
2.1E-01
2.3E-01
2.6E-01
2.9E-01
3.2E-01
3.5E-01
4.4E-01
5.4E-01
6.6E-01
8.1E-01
1.0E+00
1.2E+00
1.5E-fOO
1.7E+00
1.9E+00
2.1E^OO
2.4E400
Z7E+00
3.0E>00
3.4E+00
3.8E>00
4.2E+00
4.7E+00
5.3E+00
Tab B-12
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Table B-4
Feed Rat* Screening Limit* for Carcinogenic Metal*
for FacUIti** In Noncomplex Terrain
Terrain-adjust *d
effective
stack height
4m
6m
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
95m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Values for u*e In urban areas
Arsenic
(Ib/hr)
1.0E-03
1.2E-Q3
1.3E-03
1.5E-03
1.7E-03
1.9E-03
2.1E-03
2.4E-03
2.7E-03
3.1E-03
3.5E-03
3.9E-03
4.5E-03
5.0E-03
6.5E-03
8.2E-03
1.0E-02
1.3E-02
1.7E-02
2.1E-02
Z5E-02
2.9E-02
3.3E-02
3.7E-02
4.2E-02
4.8E-02
5.4E-02
6.2E-02
7.0E-02
7.9E-02
9.0€02
1.0E-01
Cadmium
(Ib/hr)
2.5E-03
2.8E-03
3.2E-03
3.6E-03
4.0E-03
4.5E-03
5.1E-03
5.8E-03
6.5E-03
7.4E-03
8.3E-03
9.4E-03
1.1E-02
1.2E-02
1.5E-02
2.0E-02
2.5E-02
3.2E-02
4.0E-02
5.0E-02
6.1E-02
6.9E-02
7.8E-02
8.9E-02
.OE-01
.1E-01
.3E-01
.5E-01
.7E-01
.9E-01
2^E-01
2.4E-01
Chromium
(Ib/hr)
3.7E-04
4.2E-04
4.7E-04
5.3E-04
6.0E-04
6.8E-04
7.76-04
8.7E-04
9.8E-04
1.1E-03
1.3E-03
1.4E-03
1.6E-03
1.8E-03
Z3E-03
2.9E-03
3.8E-03
4.8E-03
6.1E-03
7.4E-03
9.1E-03
1.0E-02
1.2E-02
1.3E-02
1.5E-02
1.7E-02
1.9E-02
2.2E-02
2.5E-02
2.8E-02
3.2E-02
3.7E-02
Beryllium
(Ib/hr)
1.9E-03
2.1E-03
2.4E-03
2.7E-03
3.0E-03
3.4E-03
3.8E-03
4.3E-03
4.9E-03
5.5E-03
6.3E-03
7.1E-03
8.0E-03
9.0E-03
1.2E-02
1.5E-02
1.9E-02
2.4E-02
3.0E-02
3.7E-02
4.6E-02
5.2E-02
5.9E-02
6.7E-02
7.6E-02
8.6E-02
9.7E-02
1.1E-01
1.3E-01
1.4E-01
1.6E-01
1.8E-01
Values for us* In rural areas
Arsenic
(Ib/hr)
5.3E-04
6.1E-04
7.0E-04
3.0E-04
9.8E-04
1.2E-03
1.5E-03
1.8E-03
Z3E-03
2.9E-03
3.7E-03
4.7E-03
6.0E-03
7.6E-03
1.2E-02
1.8E-02
2.6E-02
3.4E-02
4.5E-02
5.9E-02
7.8E-02
9.3E-02
1.1E-01
1.3E-01
1.6E-01
1.9E-01
2.2E-01
Z6E-01
3.2E-01
3.7E-01
4.5E-01
5.3E-01
Cadmium
(Ib/hr)
1.3E-03
1.5E-03
1.7E-03
1.9E-03
2.3E-03
2.9E-03
3.5E-03
4.4E-03
5.5E-03
6.9E-03
8.8E-03
1.1E-02
1.4E-02
1.8E-02
2.9E-02
4.4E-02
6.1E-02
8.1E-02
1.1E-01
1.4E-01
1.9E-01
2.2E-01
2.6E-01
3.1E-01
3.7E-01
4.5E-01
5.3E-01
6.3E-01
7.5E-01
9.0E-01
1.1E+00
1.3E*00
Chromium
(Ib/hr)
1.9E-04
2.2E-04
Z5E-04
2.9E-04
3.5E-04
4.3E-04
5.3E-04
6.6E-04
8.2E-04
1.0E-03
1.3E-03
1.7E-03
2.1E-03
2.7E-03
4.3E-03
6.6E-03
9.2E-03
1.2E-02
1.6E-02
Z1E-02
Z8E-02
3.3E-02
4.0E-02
4.7E-02
5.6E-02
6.7E-02
8.0E-02
9.5E-02
1.1E-01
1.3E-01
1.6E-01
1.9E-01
Beryllium
(Ib/hr)
9.5E-04
1.1E-03
1.3E-03
1.4E-03
1.8E-03
2.1E-03
2.6E-03
3.3E-03
4.1E-03
5.2E-03
6.6E-03
8.4E-03
1.1E-02
1.4E-02
2.2E-02
3.3E-02
4.6E-02
6.1E-02
8.0E-02
1.1E-01
1.4E-01
1.7E-01
2.0E-01
2.4E-01
2.8E-01
3.3E-01
4.0E-01
4.7E-01
5.6E-01
6.7E-01
8.0E-01
9.5E-01
Tab B-13
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Table B-5
Feed Rat* Screening Limits for Carcinogenic Metals
for Facilities In Complex Terrain
Terrain-adjusted
effective
stack height
4m
6m
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
95m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Values for urban and rural areas
Arsenic
(Ib/hr)
2.4E-04
3.6E-04
5.2E-04
7.7E-04
9.4E-04
1.1E-03
1.3E-03
1.5E-03
1.6E-03
1.8E-03
2.0E-03
2.2E-03
2.5E-03
2.7E-03
3.4E-03
4.2E-03
5.1E-03
6.3E-03
7.8E-03
9.6E-03
1.2E-02
1.3E-02
1.5E-02
1.7E-02
1.9E-02
2.1E-02
2.3E-02
2.6E-02
2.9E-02
3.3E-02
3.7E-02
4.1E-02
Cadmium
(Ib/hr)
5.8E-04
8.5E-04
1.2E-03
1.8E-03
2.2E-03
2.7E-03
3.2E-03
3.5E-03
3.9E-03
4.3E-03
4.8E-03
5.3E-03
5.9E-03
6.5E-03
8.1E-03
9.9E-03
1.2E-02
1.5E-02
1.9E-02
2.3E-02
2.8E-02
3.2E-02
3.5E-02
4.0E-02
4.4E-02
5.0E-02
5.6E-02
6.2E-02
7.0E-02
7.8E-02
8.7E-02
9.8E-02
Chromium
(\M\r)
8.7E-05
1.3E-04
1.9E-04
2.8E-04
3.4E-04
4.1E-04
4.8E-04
5.3E-04
5.9E-04
6.5E-04
7.2E-04
7.9E-04
8.8E-04
9.7E-04
1.2E<0
1.5E-03
1.8E-03
Z3E-03
Z8E-03
3.4E-03
4.2E-03
4.7E-03
5.3E-03
5.9E-03
6.7E-03
7.4E^J3
8.3E-03
9.3E-03
1.0E-02
1.2E-02
1.3E-02
1.5E-02
Beryllium
(Ib/hr)
4.4E-04
6.4E-04
9.4E-04
1.4E-03
1.7E-03
2.1E-03
2.4E-03
Z6E-03
2.9E-03
3.2E-03
3.6E-03
4.0E-03
4.4E-03
4.9E-03
6.0E-03
7.4E-03
9.2E-03
1.1E-02
1.4E-02
1.7E-02
2.1E-02
2.4E-02
2.7E-02
3.0E-02
3.3E-02
3.7E-02
4.2E-02
4.7E-02
5.2E-02
5.9E-02
6.5E-02
7.3E-02
Tab B-14
-------
|Tab B:
Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
TabU B-6
Emissions Screening Limits for Noncarclnogenlc Metal*
for Facilities In Noncomplex Terrain
Terrain-adjusted
effective
stack height
4m
6m
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
95m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Values for urban areas
Antimony
(g/sec)
1.7E-02
1.9E-02
2.1E-02
2.4E-02
£7E-02
3.1E-02
3.5E-02
3.9E-02
4.4E-02
5.0E-02
5.7E-02
6.4E-02
7.2E-02
8.2E-02
1.1E-01
1.3E-01
1.7E-01
Z2E-01
2.7E-01
3.4E-01
4.1E-01
4.7E-01
5.3E-01
8.0E-01
6.9E-01
7.8E-01
8.8E-01
1.0E+00
1.1E+00
1.3E+00
1.5E+00
1.7E+00
Barium
(g/sec)
2.8E+00
3.2E+00
3.6E+00
4.0E+00
4.6E+00
5.1E+00
5.8E+00
6.6E+00
7.4E+00
8.4E^OO
9.5E-fOO
1.1E+01
1.2E+01
1.4E+01
1.8E+01
2^E-MD1
2.8E+01
3.6E401
4.6E*01
5.6E-MD1
6.9E+01
7.8E+01
8.9E+01
1.0E*02
1.1E+02
1.3E-M32
1.5E+02
1.7E*02
1.9E-MD2
22E+02
2.4E-MD2
2.8E+02
Lead
(g/sec)
5.1E-03
5.7E-03
6.4E-03
7.3E-03
8.2E-03
9.3E-03
1.0E-02
1.2E-02
1.3E-02
1.5E-02
1.7E-02
1.9E-02
2.2E-02
2.5E-02
3.2E-02
4.0E-02
5.1E-02
6.5E-02
8.2E-02
1.0E-01
1.2E-01
1.4E-01
1.6E-01
1.8E-01
2.1E-01
2.3E-01
2.7E-01
3.0E-01
3.4E-01
3.9E-01
4.4E-01
5.0E-01
Mercury
(g/sec)
1.7E-02
1.9E-02
2.1E-02
2.4E-02
2.7E-02
3.1E-02
3.5E-02
3.9E-02
4.4E-02
5.0E-02
5.7E-02
6.4E-02
7.2E-02
3.2E-02
1.1E-01
1.3E-01
1.7E-01
2.2E-01
2.7E-01
3.4E-01
4.1EX)1
4.7E-01
5.3E-01
6.0E-01
6.9E-01
7.8E-01
8.8E-01
1.0E+00
1.1E*00
1.3E-t-00
1.5E*00
1.7E*00
Silver
(q/sec)
1.7E-01
1.9E-01
2.1E-01
2.4E-01
2.7E-01
3.1E-01
3.5E-01
3.9E-01
4.4E-01
5.0E-01
5.7E-01
6.4E-01
7.2E-01
8.2E-01
1.1E+00
1.3E-M»
1.7E+00
Z26-MX)
Z7E+00
3.4E+00
4.1E*00
4.7E*00
5.3E*00
6.0E>00
6.9E+00
7.8E^OO
8.8E+00
1.06-hOI
1.1E*01
1.3E+01
1.5E-MD1
1.7E+01
Thallium
(g/sec)
1.7E-02
1.9E-02
2.1E-02
2.4E-02
iTE-02
3.1E-02
3.5E-02
3.9E-02
4.4E-02
5.0E-02
5.7E-02
6.4E-02
7.2E-02
8.2E-02
1.1E-01
1.3E-01
1.7E-01
Z2E-01
2.7E-01
3.4E-01
4.1E-01
4.7E-01
5.3E-01
6.0E-01
6.9E-01
7.8E-01
8.8E-01
LOEfOO
1.1E+00
1.3E+00
1.5E+00
1.7E+00
Tab B-15
-------
Tab B:
Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Table B-6 (Cont.)
Emission* Screening Limits for Noncarcinogenlc Metals
for Facilities in Noncomplex Tsrrsin
Terrain-adjusted
effective
stack height
4m
6m
6m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
95m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Value* for rural areas
Antimony
(g/sec)
8.7E-03
9.9E-03
1.1E-02
1.3E-02
1.6E-02
1.9E-02
2.4E-02
3.0E-02
3.7E-02
4.7E-02
6.0E-02
7.7E-02
9.7E-02
1.2E-01
ZOE-01
3.0E-01
4.2E-01
5.5E-01
7.3E-01
9.6E-01
1.3E+00
1.5E+00
1.8E+00
2.1E+00
2.6E+00
3.0E+00
3.6E+00
4.3E+00
5.1E+00
8.1E+00
7.3E+00
8.6E+00
Barium
(g/sec)
1.4E+00
1.7E+00
1.9E+00
2.2E+00
2.7E+00
3.2E+00
4.0E+00
5.0E+00
6.2E+00
7.9E+00
1.0E+01
1.3E+01
1.6E+01
2.1E+01
3.3E-H01
5.0E*01
7.0E-^01
9.2E+01
1.2E>02
1.6E+02
2.1E>02
2.5E*02
3.0E+02
3.6E-MD2
4.3E+02
5.1E+02
6.0E>02
7.2E+02
8.5E-f02
1.0E-MD3
1.2E*03
1 .4E>03
Lead
(g/sec)
2.6E-03
3.0E-03
3.4E-03
3.9E-03
4.8E-03
5.8E-03
7.2E-03
9.0E-03
1.1E-02
1.4E-02
1.8E-02
2.3E-02
2.9E-02
3.7E-02
5.96-02
9.0E-02
1.3E-01
1.7E-01
2.2E-01
2.9E-01
3.8E-01
4.5E-01
5.4E-01
6.4E-01
7.7E-01
9.1E-01
1.1E+00
1.3E+00
1.5E>00
1.8E>00
2.2E-MX)
2.6E*00
Mercury
(g/sec)
8.7E-03
9.9E-C3
1.1E-02
1.3E-02
1.6E-02
1.9E-02
2.4E-02
3.0E-02
3.7E-02
4.7E-02
6.0E-02
7.7E-02
9.7E-02
1.2E-01
2.0E-01
3.0E-01
4.2E-01
5.5E-01
7.3E-01
9.6E-01
1.3E>00
1.5E-MX)
1 .86*00
Z1E*00
Z6E*00
3.0E+00
3.6E*00
4.3E*00
5.1E*00
6.1E+00
7.36*00
8.6E*00
Silver
(g/sec)
8.7E-02
9.96-02
1.1E-01
1.3E-01
1.6E-01
1.96-01
2.4E-01
3.0E-01
3.7E-01
4.7E-01
6.0E-01
7.7E-01
9.7E-01
1.2E*00
2.0E*00
3.0E+00
4.2E*00
5.56*00
7.3E+00
9.6E*00
1.3E+01
1.5E*01
1.8E*01
Z1E*01
^66*01
3.0E*01
3.6E*01
4.3E*01
5.1E*01
6.1E*01
7.3E*01
8.6E*01
Thallium
(g/sec)
8.7E-03
9.96-03
1.1E-02
1.3E-02
1.6E-02
1.96-02
2.4E-02
3.0E-02
3.7E-02
4.7E-02
6.0E-02
7.7E-02
9.7E-02
1.2E-01
2.0E-01
3.0E-01
4.2E-01
5.56-01
7.3E-01
9.66-01
1.3E+00
1.56*00
1.86*00
2.1E*00
2.6E*00
3.06*00
3.66*00
4.3E*00
5.16*00
6.16*00
7.36*00
8.6E*00
Tab B-16
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Tab I* B-7
Emission* Screening Limits for Noncarclnoganle Metals
for Facilities In Complex Terrain
Terrain-adjusted
effective
stack height
4m
6m
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
95m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Values for use In urban and rural areas
Antimony
fa/sec)
3.9E-03
5.8E-03
8.5E-03
1.2E-02
1.5E-02
1.9E-02
2.2E-02
2.4E-02
2.7E-02
2.9E-02
3.3E-02
3.6E-02
4.0E-02
4.4E-02
5.5E-02
6.8E-02
8.3E-02
1.0E-01
1.3E-01
1.6E-01
1.9E-01
2^E-01
2.4E-01
Z7E-01
3.06-01
3.4E-01
3.8E-01
4.2E-01
4.7E-01
5.3E-01
5.9E-01
6.7E-01
Barium
(g/sec)
6.6E-01
9.7E-01
1.4E+00
2.1E+00
2.5E+00
3.1E+00
3.6E+00
4.0E+00
4.4E+00
4.9E+00
5.4E+00
6.0E-fOO
6.6E+00
7.4E+00
9.1E+00
1.1E+01
1.4E+01
1.7E+01
2.1E+01
2.6E+01
3.2E+01
3.6E-MD1
4.0E+01
4.5E+01
5.0E*01
5.6E*01
6.3E-MD1
7.1E+01
7.9E*01
8.9E+01
9.9E*01
1.1E+02
Lead
(q/sec)
1.2E-03
1.7E-03
2.6E-03
3.7E-03
4.6E-03
5.6E-03
6.5E-03
7.2E-03
8.0E-03
8.8E-03
9.8E-03
1.1E-02
1.2E-02
1.3E-02
1.6E-02
2.0E-02
2.5E-02
3.1E-02
3.8E-02
4.7E-02
5.8E-02
6.5E-02
7.2E-02
8.1E-02
9.1E-02
1.0E-01
1.1E-01
1.3E-01
1.4E-01
1.6E-01
1.8E-01
2.0E-01
Mercury
(g/sec)
3.9E-03
5.8E-03
3.5E-03
1.2E-02
1.5E-02
1.9E-02
2.2E-02
2.4E-02
2.7E-02
2.9E-02
3.3E-02
3.6E-02
4.0E-02
4.4E-02
5.5E-02
6.8E-02
8.3E-02
1.0E-01
1.3E-01
1.6E-01
1.9E-01
2.2E-01
2.4E-01
2.7E-01
3.0E-01
3.4E-01
3.8E-01
4.2E-01
4.7E-01
5.3E-01
5.9E-01
6.7E-01
Silver
(g/sec)
3.9E-02
5.8E-02
8.5E-02
1.2E-01
1.5E-01
1.9E-01
2.2E-01
2.4E-01
2.7E-01
2.9E-01
3.3E-C1
3.6E-01
4.0E-01
4.4E-01
5.5E-01
6.8E-01
8.3E-01
1.0E+00
1.3E*00
1.6E-MXI
1.9E+00
Z2E-t-00
Z4E+00
2.7E-MXD
3.0E*00
3.4E*00
3.8E*00
4.2E+00
4.7E+00
S.3E+00
5.9E*00
6.7E-t-00
Thallium
(g/sec)
3.9E-03
5.8E-03
8.5E-03
1.2E-02
1.5E-02
1.9E-02
2.2E-02
2.4E-02
2.7E-02
2.9E-02
3.3E-02
3.6E-02
4.0E-02
4.4E-02
5.5E-02
6.8E-02
8.3E-02
1.0E-01
1.3E-01
1.6E-01
1.9E-01
Z2E-01
2.4E-01
2.7E-01
3.0E-01
3.4E-01
3.8E-01
4.2E-01
4.7E-01
5.3E-01
5.9E-01
6.7E-01
Tab B-17
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
TabU B-8
Emissions Screening Limits for Carcinogenic Mstals
for Facilities In Noncomplsx Terrain
Terrain-adjusted
effective
stack height
4m
6m
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
95m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Values for use In urban areas
Arsenic
(q/sec)
1.3E-04
1.5E-04
1.7E-04
1.9E-04
2.1E-04
2.4E-04
2.7E-04
3.1E-04
3.4E-04
3.9E-04
4.4E-04
5.0E-04
5.6E-04
6.3E-04
8.2E-04
1.0E-03
1.3E-03
1.7E-03
2.1E-03
2.6E-03
3.2E-03
3.6E-03
4.1E-03
4.7E-03
5.3E-03
6.0E-03
6.9E-03
7.8E-03
8.8E-03
1.0E-02
1.1E-02
1.3E-02
Cadmium
(g/sec)
3.1E-04
3.5E-04
4.0E-04
4.5E-04
5.1E-04
5.7E-04
6.5E-04
7.3E-04
8.2E-04
9.3E-04
1.1E-03
1.2E-03
1.3E-03
1.5E-03
1.9E-03
2.5E-03
3.2E-03
4.0E-03
5.1E-03
6.2E-03
7.7E-03
8.7E-03
9.9E-03
1.1E-02
1.3E-02
1.4E-02
1.6E-02
1.9E-02
2.1E-02
2.4E-02
2.7E-02
3.1E-02
Chromium
(q/sec)
4.7E-05
5.3E-05
6.0E-05
6.7E-05
7.6E-05
8.6E-05
9.7E-05
1.1E-04
1.2E-04
1.4E-04
1.6E-04
1.8E-04
2.0E-04
2.3E-04
2.9E-04
3.7E-04
4.7E-04
6.1E-04
7.6E-04
9.4E-04
1.2E-03
1.3E-03
1.5E-03
1. 76-03
1.9E-03
Z2E-03
2.5E-03
2.8E-03
3.2E-03
3.6E-03
4.1E-03
4.6E-03
Beryllium
(g/sec)
2.3E-04
Z6E-04
3.0E-04
3.4E-04
3.8E-04
4.3E-04
4.8E-04
5.5E-04
6.2E-04
7.0E-04
7.9E-04
8.9E-04
1.0E-03
1.1E-03
1.5E-03
1.9E-03
2.4E-03
3.0E-03
3.8E-03
4.7E-03
5.8E-03
6.5E-03
7.4E-03
8.4E-03
9.5E-03
1.1E-02
1.2E-02
1.4E-02
1.6E-02
1.8E-02
2.0E-02
2.3E-02
Values for use In rural areas
Arsenic
(g/sec)
6.7E-05
7.7E-05
8.8E-05
1.0E-04
1.2E-04
1.5E-04
1.9E-04
2.3E-04
2.9E-04
3.7E-04
4.7E-04
5.9E-04
7.6E-04
9.6E-04
1.5E-03
2.3E-03
3.2E-03
4.3E-03
5.7E-03
7.5E-03
9.9E-03
1.2E-02
1.4E-02
1.7E-02
2.0E-02
2.4E-02
2.8E-02
3.3E-02
4.0E-02
4.7E-02
5.6E-02
6.7E-02
Cadmium
(g/sec)
1.6E-04
1.8E-04
Z1E-04
Z4E-04
3.0E-04
3.6E-04
4.5E-04
5.5E-04
6.9E-04
8.8E-04
1.1E-03
1.4E-03
1.8E-03
2.3E-03
3.6E-03
5.5E-03
7.7E-03
1.0E-02
1.4E-02
1.8E-02
14E-02
2.8E-02
3.3E-02
4.0E-02
4.7E-02
5.6E-02
8.7E-02
8.0E-02
9.5E-02
1.1E-01
1.3E-01
1.6E-01
Chromium
(g/sec)
2.4E-05
2.8E-05
3.2E-05
3.6E-05
4.4E-05
5.4E-05
6.7E-05
8.3E-05
1.0E-04
1.3E-04
1.7E-04
2.1E-04
2.7E-04
3.4E-04
5.4E-04
8.3E-04
1.2E-03
1.5E-03
2.0E-03
2.7E-03
3.5E-03
4.2E-03
5.0E-03
6.0E-03
7.1E-03
8.4E-03
1.0E-02
1.2E-02
1.4E-02
1.7E-02
2.0E-02
2.4E-02
Beryllium
(g/sec)
1.2E-04
1.4E-04
1.6E-04
1.8E-04
2.2E-04
iTE-04
3.3E-04
4.2E-04
5.2E-04
6.6E-04
8.4E-04
1.1E-03
1.4E^3
1.7E-03
2.7E-03
4.2E-03
5.8E-03
7.7E-03
1.0E-02
1.3E-02
1.8E-02
2.1E-02
2.5E-02
3.0E-02
3.5E-02
4.2E-02
5.0E-02
6.0E-02
7.1E-02
8.5E-02
1.0E-01
1.2E-01
Tab B-18
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier
ID
Table B-9
Emission* Screening Limits for Carcinogenic Metal*
for Facllltle* In Complex Terrain
Terrain-adjusted
effective
stack height
4m
6m
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
95m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Value* for use In urban and rural area*
Arsenic
(g/sec)
3.1E-05
4.5E-05
6.6E-05
9.7E-05
1.2E-04
1.4E-04
1.7E-04
1.9E-04
2.1E-04
2.3E-04
2.5E-04
2.8E-04
3.1E-04
3.4E-04
4.3E-04
5.2E-04
6.5E-04
8.0E-04
9.86-04
1.2E-03
1.5E-03
1.7E-03
1.9E-03
2.1E-03
2.3E-03
2.6E-03
2.9E03
3.3E-03
3.7E-03
4.1E-03
4.6E-03
5.2E-03
Cadmium
(g/sec)
7.3E-05
1.1E-04
1.6E-04
2.3E-04
2.8E-04
3.5E-04
4.0E-04
4.4E-04
4.9E-04
5.4E-04
6.0E-04
6.7E-04
7.4E-04
8.2E-04
1.0E-03
1.3E-03
1.5E-03
1.9E-03
2.3E-03
2.9E-03
3.6E-03
4.0E-03
4.5E-03
5.0E-03
5.6E-03
6.3E-03
7.0E-03
7.8E-03
8.8E-03
9.8E-03
1.1E-02
1.2E-02
Chromium
(g/sec)
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
2.4E-05
3.5E-05
4.2E-05
5.2E-05
6.0E-05
6.7E-05
7.4E-05
8.2E-05
9.0E-05
1.0E-04
1.1E-04
1.2E-04
1.5E-04
1.9E-04
2.3E-04
Z9E-04
3.5E-04
4.3E-04
5.3E-04
6.0E-04
6.7E-04
7.5E-04
8.4E-04
9.4E-04
1.1E-03
1.2E-03
1.3E-03
1.5E-03
1.7E-03
1.8E-03
Beryllium
(g/sec)
5.5E-05
-8.1E-05
1.2E-04
1.7E-04
Z1E-04
2.6E-04
3.0E-04
3.3E-04
3.7E-04
4.1E-04
4.5E-04
5.0E-04
5.5E-04
6.1E-04
7.6E-04
9.4E-04
1.2E-03
1.4E-03
1.8E-03
Z2E-03
2.7E-03
3.0E-03
3.3E-03
3.7E-03
4.2E-03
4.7E-03
5.3E-03
5.9E-03
6.6E-03
7.4E-03
8.3E-03
9.2E-03
Tab B-19
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier II)
Table B-io
Tier i Feed Rate Limits for Chlorine
Terrain-adjusted
effective
stack height
4m
6m
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
96m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Noncomplex
Total Chlorine
(Ib/hr)
2.0E-01
2.5E-01
3.0E-01
3.7E-01
4.7E-01
6.1E-01
7.8E-01
9.8E-01
1.2E+00
1.6E+00
2.0E+00
2.5E+00
3.1E+00
3.9E+00
5.7E+00
8.0E+00
1.1E+01
1.5E+01
1.96*01
2.3E+01
2.7E+01
3.0E+01
3.3E*01
3.6E+01
4.0E-MD1
4.4E+01
4.9E+01
5.4E-M31
5.9E+01
6.5E+01
7.2E+01
7.9E+01
Complex
Total Chlorine
(Ib/hr)
2.6E-01
2.7E-01
2.8E-01
2.9E-01
3.3E-01
3.8E-01
4.4E-01
5.0E-01
5.7E-01
6.5E-01
7.4E-01
8.4E-01
9.6E-01
1.1E*00
1.5E>00
2.1E+00
3.0E-«-00
4.1E+00
5.7E*00
8.0E-fOO
1.1E*01
1^E*01
1.3E+01
1.4E+01
1.5E>01
1.7E+01
1.8E+01
2.0E*01
2.1E*01
2.3E*01
2.5E-MD1
2.7E*01
Tab B-20
-------
Tab B: Determine Feed Rate or Emission Limits (Tier I and Tier
ID
Table B-11
Tier II Emission Limits for Hydrogen Chloride
terrain-adjusted
effective
stack height
4m
6m
8m
10m
12m
14m
16m
18m
20m
22m
24m
26m
28m
30m
35m
40m
45m
50m
55m
60m
65m
70m
75m
80m
85m
90m
95m
100m
105m
110m
115m
120m
Noncomplex
Hd
(q/sec)
2.6E-02
3.1E-02
3.8E-02
4.6E-02
6.0E-02
7.7E-02
9.9E-02
1.2E-01
1.6E-01
2.0E-01
2.5E-01
3.1E-01
3.9E-01
4.9E-01
7.2E-01
1.0E+00
1.4E+00
1.9E+00
2.4E+00
2.9E+00
3.4E+00
3.8E+00
4.2E+00
4.6E+00
5.1E+00
5.6E+00
6.1E+00
6.8E+00
7.5E+00
8.2E+00
9.1E+00
1.0E+01
Complex
HQ
(g/sec)
3.3E-02
3.4E-02
3.5E-02
3.7E-02
4.2E-02
4.8E-02
5.5E-02
6.3E-02
7.2E-02
8.2E-02
9.3E-02
1.1E-01
1 .2E-01
1.4E-01
1.9E-01
2.7E-01
3.7E-01
5.2E-01
7.2E-01
LOE^OO
1.4E+00
I.SE^OO
1.7E+00
1.8E-MX1
1.9E*00
2.1E+00
2.3E-^00
2.5E+00
2.7E+00
2.9E+00
3.2E+00
3.5E+00
Tab B-21
-------
Tab C: Site-Specific Modeling and Risk Analysis (Tier III)
Tab C presents methods to determine, under Tier HI, if the aggregate cancer risk to
the most exposed individual resulting from the metals emissions is less than or equal to
10'5, and if the ambient concentrations of noncarcinogenic metals and HC1 are below the
reference air concentrations. For some facilities, emission limits under Tier III can be a
factor of 10 or more higher than those under Tier H This is a result of the conservatism
built into the Tier n Screening Limits. Within Tier ffl, the permit writer has the option of
(a) performing an in-house dispersion analysis or (b) requiring the applicant to perform
detailed site-specific modeling.
If the permit writer performs the dispersion analysis in-house, he has the option of
using either the screening procedure which is described in detail in Appendix V or the EPA
GEMS model. The Appendix V screening procedure is designed to assist the permit writer
to conservatively estimate site-specific hourly and annual average dispersion coefficients.
When applicable, the screening procedure provides a more expeditious and less costly
alternative to detailed site-specific dispersion modeling. The procedure does not require the
permit writer to perform dispersion modeling but is, however, based on extensive
dispersion modeling and data processing utilizing the Industrial Source Complex Model
(ISCLT). The screening procedure relies primarily on permit data from WORKSHEET 1.
Under certain conditions, this procedure reduces the degree of conservatism contained in
the Tier I and n tables. The steps shown in Tab C indicate under what conditions this
screening procedure is recommended.
The EPA GEMS model is available to permit writers for those situations where the
applicant fails using the results of the Appendix V screening procedure. GEMS contains an
interactive version of the ISCLT model that will predict dispersion coefficients that are less
conservative than those predicted by the screening procedure. Thus higher emission rates
and feed rates would be allowed. This option is recommended for situations where the
facility is located in flat terrain (i.e., maximum terrain rise from the facility out to 5 km is
less than or equal to 10 percent of the physical height of the stack under analysis). GEMS
Tab C-l
-------
is, however, not useful for short term analyses such as estimating short term risk from HC1
emissions. Appendix n presents a description of GEMS and sample model output.
If the use of the Appendix V and GEMS screening procedures are not appropriate,
the permit writer may require the applicant to conduct detailed site-specific dispersion
modeling. This modeling must conform to the EPA "Guideline on Air Quality Models."
WORKSHEET 2 in Appendix V contains a list of the parameters that the applicant must
define in order to conduct detailed site-specific modeling analyses.
Tab C consists of the following three steps:
• Step 1: The permit writer determines whether to require the applicant
to conduct site-specific dispersion modeling and to
demonstrate that the established acceptable ambient levels are
not exceeded, or to conduct the modeling (and risk
assessment) in-house
— If applicant conducts modeling: go to Tab C Step 2
— If the permit writer desires to conduct the analyses in
house:
— Use screening procedure (Appendix V), if appropriate,
to estimate short-term and long-term dispersion
coefficients
— If the emissions are acceptable on this basis: go to Tab D
— If the emissions based on the long-term dispersion
coefficients generated by the Appendix V screening
procedure are unacceptable and the facility is located in
flat terrain, use GEMS
— If HC1 emissions based on the short-term dispersion
coefficients generated by the Appendix V screening
procedure are unacceptable go to Step 2.
Note:Flat terrain is defined in this report as follow: If the
maximum terrain rise within 5 km of the facility is less
than 10 percent of the physical stack height of the stack
selected for analyses then the location is considered to be
flat, and terrain adjustment factors mil not be
considered,
— If the GEMS procedure indicates that emissions are
unacceptable, then go to Tab C, Step 2
Tab C-2
-------
Step 2: Applicant must submit the dispersion modeling plan for
review—(by the Regional Meteorologist or PAT)
— The applicant must submit information to the Regional
Meteorologist or PAT for review. This information
includes stack parameters, meteorological data, and
terrain data.
Step 3: Applicant provides the model results and risk analysis for
review
— If emissions are considered acceptable: go to Tab D
— If emissions are considered unacceptable: they must be
reduced. A new test burn must be conducted to
determine whether the (reduced) emissions are
acceptable.
Tab C-3
-------
Hazardous Waste Incineration Guidance Series
Volume I Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Incinerator Permits, Mitre Corp.,
1983.
Volume n Guidance on Setting Conditions and Reporting Trial Burn Results, Acurex,
1989.
Volume HI Hazardous Waste Incineration Measurement Guidance Manual, MRI, 1989.
Volume IV Guidance on Metals and Hydrogen Chloride Controls for Hazardous Waste
Incineration, Versarlnc., December 1988.
Volume V Guidance on PIC Controls for Hazardous Waste Incinerators, MRI,
April 1989.
Volume VI Proposed Methods for Measurements of CO, Qzt HC1, and Metals at
Hazardous Waste Incinerators, MRI, Late 1989.
-------
Acknowledgements
This guidance was completed by Versar Inc. as partial fulfillment of Contract
Number 68-01-7053. The principal authors are Michael Alford, Kevin Jameson,
Josefina Castellanos, David Sullivan (Sullivan Environmental Consulting, Inc.),
Dennis Hlinka, and Renaldo Jenkins. Major contributions were made by
Dwight Hlustick, Mary Cunningham, Robert Holloway, and the Incinerator Permit
Writer's Workgroups, including Betty Willis, Y. J. Kim, and Sonya Stelmack. We
appreciate the review and guidance of the Monitoring and Data Analysis Division in the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards in the air dispersion modeling aspects of this
document.
-------
DRAFT
FINAL REPORT
GUIDANCE ON METALS AND HYDROGEN
CHLORIDE CONTROLS FOR
HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS
Volume IV of Hazardous Waste Incineration Guidance Series
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
Waste Treatment Branch
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
Work Assignment Manager Dwight Hlustick
August 1989
-------
Tab C: Site-Specific Modeling and Risk Analysis (Tier III)
Sten 1r The permit The following equations are used to determine whether or
writer determines not the risk levels have been exceeded. For
whether to require the noncarcinogenic metals and HC1, the following equation
applicant to conduct applies:
site-specific
dispersion modeling MEI Dispersion Coefficient (ug/m3/g/s) x Emission fg/s) . _
and demonstrate that RAC (Mg/m3) - u
the established
acceptable ambient Note: For purposes of this guidance the MEI is the
levels are not offsite. potential MEI unless people reside inside the
exceeded, or to property boundary of the facility. In this case, the
conduct the modeling ^EI is the potential MEI regardless of whether the
(and risk assessment) point lies within the property boundary.
in house).
For carcinogens, the following equations apply:
Estimated MEI Risk * MEI Dispersion Coeff (ug/m3/g/s) x Emiss (g/s) x Unit Risk (m3/p.g)
n
Estimated Risk,
1.0 X 10*5 * '
t-1
Where i» carcinogenic metal considered.
If the applicant conducts the modeling: go to Tab C Step 2
If the permit writer desires to conduct the analysis in-house:
Tab C-4
-------
Tab C: Site-Specific Modeling and Risk Analysis (Tier III)
(A) The Regional Meteorologist or the PAT determine
whether or not the Appendix V screening procedure
is appropriate.
This screening procedure is not appropriate for the
following specific conditions:
• Locations within narrow valleys (^ 1 km in
width)
• For stacks £ 20 m, locations within 5 km of a
shoreline of a major body of water
• Releases from stacks £ minimum GEP stack
height, where the property boundary is
within 5 building heights or 5 maximum
projected building widths of buildings
creating non-GEP condition
Additionally, the Appendix V screening procedure
should not be used if, in the judgment of the PAT or
Regional Meteorologist, site-specific factors may
result in the screening procedure being
unconservative (i.e., underestimating risks).
In many circumstances, the Appendix V screening
procedure is more restrictive than Tier I and n limits.
However, under the following conditions the
screening procedure may be less restrictive than Tier
landfl.
• The facility has multiple stacks with
substantially different release specifications
(e.g., stack heights differ by >SO%, exit
temperatures differ by > 50 K, or exit flow
rates differ by more than a factor of 2)
• The terrain does not reach physical stack
height within 1 km of the incinerator, when
the stack is greater than 20 m high and in
complex terrain
• There is no representative meteorological data
available for the site under consideration
Tab C-5
-------
Tab C: Site-Specific Modeling and Risk Analysis (Tier III)
The distance to the nearest facility boundary
is greater than the distance shown in the table
below for land use type and the effective
height of the stack under consideration
Terrain-Adjusted Effective Distance
Stack Height (meters)
Range (meters) Urban Rural
1 to 9.9 200 200
10 to 14.9 200 250
15 to 19.9 200 250
20 to 24.9 200 350
25 to 30.9 200 450
31 to 41.9 200 550
42 to 52.9 250 800
53 to 64.9 300 1000
65 to 112.9 400 1200
113+ 700 2500
Tab C-6
-------
Tab C: Site-Specific Modeling and Risk Analysis (Tier III)
Note: Options to comply with the emissions limits
may include upgrading the APCD(s) or raising the
stack to reflect good engineering practice (GEP). It
should be noted, however, that EPA is considering a
proposal to reduce the paniculate standard for
hazardous waste incinerators. Thus, in selecting an
approach to reduce metals emissions, the applicant
should consider that a more stringent paniculate
standard (e.g., 0.01-0.04 gr/dscf) may be adopted in
thefuture.
• If the Appendix V screening procedure
shows emissions to be acceptable: go to
TabD.
• If the screening procedure shows HO
emissions to be acceptable, but metal
emissions unacceptable, the permit writer has
the option of using GEMS [Tab C
Step 1 (B)] or requiring the applicant to do
site-specific dispersion modeling [Tab C
Step 2].
• If the screening procedure shows HC1
emissions to be unacceptable, require the
applicant to conduct site-specific dispersion
modeling (Tab C Step 2).
(B) Permit writer runs GEMS
• Confirm data on Worksheet 1 that
maximum terrain rise out to 5 km is S 10
percent of physical stack height
• Determine whether metals emissions are
acceptable using the equations provided in
Tab C Step 1.
—If exceeded: Emissions must be reduced.
A new test bum must be conducted to
determine whether the (reduced) emissions
are acceptable.
—If not exceeded: Go to TabD.
Tab C-7
-------
Tab C: Site-Specific Modeling and Risk Analysis (Tier III)
Step 2; Applicant
must submit the
dispersion modeling
plan for review by the
Regional
Meteorologist or
PAT.
(A) The applicant needs to draft a dispersion modeling
plan for a site-specific analysis consistent with the
EPA "Guideline on Air Quality Models."
(B) The following documentation should be provided
with the draft modeling plan:
• The rationale for the selection of the
meteorological monitoring station, including
a map showing alternative stations considered
in the region
• A site layout map showing the locations of all
sources and building dimensions for
adjacent structures.
(Q The applicant must include a discussion on how a
follow-up run will be used to perform a more refined
analysis around the area of maximum offsite
concentrations. In addition, special receptors should
be used to define the distance to the fenceline for
each wind direction sector if the initial model runs
show that the maximum impacts occur within the
first kilometer from the source.
(D) If the closest property boundary is within 5 building
heights1 or 5 times the maximum projected building
width2 of any stack less than GEP, the applicant
must include a description of how MEI impacts will
be estimated within the cavity zone of the applicable
building(s).
(E) The permit writer sends the draft modeling plan and
supporting documentation to the Regional
Meteorologist or PAT for review. The applicant
must revise the modeling plan based on
recommendations of the Regional Meteorologist or
PAT.
Refers to building causing non-GEP conditions.
Tab C-8
-------
Tab C: Site-Specific Modeling and R««k Analysis (Tier III)
Step 3» Applicant
provides the model
results and risk
analysis for review
(See WORKSHEET 2
in Appendix IV).
(A) The model output should include a full printout of the
input data, or the full input file should be appended
to the results.
(B) The model output is then sent to the Regional
Meteorologist or PAT for review to assure that they
conform to the modeling plan.
(Q If the Regional Meteorologist or PAT confirms that
the model results are valid, then the risk assessment
may be used to determine the permit conditions
• If risk is considered acceptable: go to Tab D
• If risk is considered unacceptable: emissions
must be reduced.
See the note on the possibility of more stringent
paniculate standards under Tab C Step 1,A.
Tab C-9
-------
Tab D: Determine Necessary Permit Conditions
The purpose of Tab D is to outline permit conditions necessary to control metals
and HC1 emissions for facilities whose trial burn emissions, in the permit writer's
judgment, have passed the risk analysis. If an incinerator fails the risk analysis, a permit
should not be awarded until and unless the applicant proves by a new trial burn that the
emissions have been reduced sufficiently to pass the risk analysis.
To demonstrate compliance with the emission limits provided by Tier II or that
emission will not result in unacceptable ambient levels under Tier HI, the applicant must
conduct a test burn to determine feed rates and emission rates of metals and HC1. If,
however, the trial burn has already been run (or the trial burn plan has already been
approved), the permit writer may not want to delay issuance of the permit (or the trial bum)
until a test burn can be conducted to determine feed rates and emission rates of metals under
trial burn conditions. In this situation, the permit writer should consider establishing
interim, conservative feed rate limits for metals. A procedure for establishing interim limits
is described below. The interim limits would apply until a test bum is conducted to
confirm that the interim feed rate limits result in acceptable emissions. The test bum should
be conducted as soon as practicable, certainly within 12 months of establishing the interim
limits. Given that the interim limits are designed to be reasonable but conservative, the test
bum is likely to demonstrate that higher feed rates will not result in unacceptable emissions.
To establish the interim feed rate limits, the permit writer should back-calculate
from an acceptable emission limit using reasonable but conservative assumptions regarding:
(1) the removal efficiency of the emission control device (see Appendix m, Table EQ-8);
and (2) partitioning of metals to bottom ash (see Appendix m, Table HI-9). Of course, if
the permit writer has information that may indicate that the removal efficiency or
partitioning values presented in Appendix III may not be conservative in a particular
situation, he should use more restrictive values.
Finally, the permit writer must keep in mind the need to provide due process to the
applicant and interested parties when establishing the interim limits. The permit writer must
Tab D-l
-------
explain the rationale for the limits, provide the time and opportunity for comment, fully
respond to these comments, and include the responses in the administrative record of the
permit.
Tab D-2
-------
Tab D: Determine Necessary Permit Conditions
Step 1: Determine
necessary permit
conditions: Permit
conditions must ensure
that emissions over the life
of the permit are not
greater than those used to
demonstrate acceptable
risk.
(A) Tier I Permit Conditions
The feed rate limits from Tab B, Step 1 will be
specified as permit conditions.
(B) Tier II and Tier III Permit Conditions
The actual feed rates by feed system and the actual
emissions determined in the trial burn will be specified as
permit conditions.
Note 1: In lieu, of limiting feed rates by feed system
where many feed systems are used, the feed rate of metals
should be specified separately for (I) solid wastes (i.e.,
nonpumpable wastes); and (2) liquid wastes. In addition,
separate limits on each organometal should be
established.
These limits are needed because the physical form of the
waste (and whether the metal is present as an organic
species) has a substantial effect on partitioning to ash
versus the stack gas.
Note 2: For Tiers II and III, when more than one
combination of waste streams is expected to be burned, a
separate trial burn is recommended for each combination,
and separate permit conditions will be written for each
one.
(O Additional Permit Conditions
Air pollution control device operation and maintenance
requirements should be written into the permit to ensure
that the emissions limits are not exceeded.
Tab DO
-------
Tab D: Determine Necessary Permit Conditions
Waste analysis requirements should also be written into
the permit to verify waste composition and, therefore,
ensure that the feed rate limits are being met. The
frequency of analysis should be specified at the discretion
of the permit writer, but should be often enough to
quantify any variability in the waste streams.
Appendix III also presents background information on
APCD operation and maintenance.
Tab D-4
-------
Appendix L Technical Support for the Modeling and Risk Assessment
-------
Table of Contents
Page No
Appendix I: Technical Support for the Modeling and Risk Assessment
1. Background Information on the Dispersion Modeling
Used to Establish Emission Limits 1-1
1.1 Overview of the Modeling Approach M
1.1.1 General Assumptions and Methods M
1.1.2 Specific Steps of the Analysis 1-3
1.2 Facility Selection 1-4
1.3 Model Selection 1-4
1.4 Input Parameters 1-5
1.4.1 Terrain Analysis 1-5
1.4.2 Release Specifications 1-5
1.4.3 Results and Analysis 1-6
2. Urban/Rural Classification
Auer Method 1-8
1.2 Simplified Land Use Process 1-8
3. Background Information on the Health Risk Assumptions Used
to Establish Emission Limits 1-12
3.1 Carcinogens 1-12
3.2 Noncarcinogens 1-14
-------
1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE DISPERSION
MODELING USED TO ESTABLISH EMISSION LIMITS
1.1 Overview of the Modeling Approach
The objective of the dispersion modeling analysis was to estimate the maximum
short-term (hourly) and annual average ambient concentrations from hazardous waste
incineration, based on data from the current incinerator population, and assuming a
common emission rate of 1.0 g/sec. The analysis considered the range in height and other
release specifications, as well as the effect of variability in meteorology and terrain factors,
on predicted concentrations.
The analyses addressed the large differences in facility and site characteristics
across the existing hazardous waste incinerators in the U.S. The varying types and sizes of
incinerators led to widely differing release terms, i.e., physical stack height, inner stack
diameter, exit velocity, and exhaust temperature. Differences in these terms can result in
order of magnitude differences in predicted concentrations. Similarly, dispersion and
transport of pollutants can be critically affected by terrain and urban/rural land use
classification. Thus, the modeling analysis considered the combined effect of release
terms, terrain, and urban/rural land use in predicting ambient impacts.
1.1.1 General Assumptions and Methods
The key assumptions and methods used in the modeling analyses are consistent
with the EPA "Guideline on Air Quality Models" and with recommendations provided by
the modeling staff of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. The approach used
here was designed to model a wide range of facilities. In addition to 24 actual incineration
facilities, 11 generic hypothetical incinerators representing the range of release parameters
for hazardous waste incinerators were modeled, assuming they were located at each of the
24 sites. The modeling approach was designed to:
• Use the most comprehensive data available to characterize existing
incinerators. The Regulatory Impact Assessment (RLA) Mail Survey was
used as the basis for characterizing current incinerators. Although it is the
most comprehensive data set available, there have been closures and
modifications to some of these incinerators since 1981 when the survey was
taken. The survey provides the location (latitude/longitude) and release
specifications for 152 facilities.
• Select sites to represent three types of terrain—flat, rolling, and complex —
The modeling was subdivided into three terrain types to show the influence
of terrain on the actual and generic release terms evaluated in the modeling
Appendix M
-------
analyses. Initially, all of the facilities in the RIA Mail Survey were placed
into one of these terrain categories based on broad-scale topographic maps.
Those facilities with the lowest effective release heights were selected for
detailed analysis. U.S. Geographic Survey topographic maps were then
used to make the final determinations among the terrain classifications.
Thus, 24 specific facilities were selected on this basis.1
For purposes of this guidance, if the terrain rise within 5 kilometers of the
stack is less than or equal to 10 percent of the physical stack height, the
facility is considered to be in flat terrain. If the terrain rise is greater than 10
percent but less than or equal to the physical stack height, the facility is in
rolling terrain. If the maximum terrain rise is greater than the physical stack
height, the facility is in complex terrain.
Assign site-specific urban/rural classifications — Dispersion models can
generally be run in an urban or rural mode. The differences in results can
be substantial, with the magnitude of these differences being highly
dependent on effective release height To classify the urban/rural status of
each site, topographic maps were used to assess land use out to a 3-
kilometer radius from each facility, based on a simplified2 Auer
classification (Auer 1978) (See Section 2). The land use approach of the
Auer technique was then used as the basis for selection between the urban
or rural classification.
Use site-specific meteorological data — For each of the selected facilities,
the available meteorological data from the National Climatic Center were
reviewed to identify the most representative meteorological data set for each
facility to be modeled. Five-year data sets of hourly surface meteorological
data, and twice per day mixing height values, were acquired to support the
modeling objectives.
Model hypothetical incinerators as well as actual incinerators — As
previously discussed, 11 generic incinerator sizes were identified for
inclusion in all model runs. These generic sources were modeled at every
facility, in addition to the actual incinerator present The results were output
individually such that differences in predicted impacts could be assessed.
The need for the generic release terms (hypothetical incinerators) is clear—
the scope of modeling over 152 incinerators based on detailed terrain
analysis and 5-year hourly meteorological data sets would be too resource
intensive. By modeling the generic sources in each of the 24 specific
modeling analyses, the effects of the entire range of release parameters on
ambient levels could be predicted.
The generic release terms were selected by grouping all incinerators in the
RIA Mail Survey by physical stack height The 25th percentile value for
each remaining release specification (inner stack diameter, exit velocity, and
exhaust temperature) was then identified for each grouping. The results
were smoothed across the groups to obtain the 11 sets of release terms used
1 A 25th site (Everett. Washington) was subsequently added.
2 An approach similar to that shown in Appendix I was used. All areas with housing omission tint
(pink) on topographic maps were modeled as urban.
Appendix 1-2
-------
in the modeling analyses, i.e., one set of release terms for 10 groups of
incinerators.3
— ^ w^e rang6 °^ dispersion models can be used
to evaluate emissions from combustion sources. The five models selected
to meet the objectives of this task are suitable to address the urban and rural
sites located in flat, rolling, or complex terrain. Refer to Section 1.3 for a
more detailed description of model selection.
1.1.2 Specific Steps of the Analysis
The key steps of the modeling analyses are summarized as follows:
Step 1: Identified candidate facilities from the RIA Mail Survey
Facilities that would most likely have the highest dispersion coefficients (ng/m^ per
g/s) in each terrain category were identified based on Cow) effective stack height.
Step 2: Formulated data to support additional sites
Release specifications were compiled for the full set of incinerators in the RIA Mail
Survey. These data were needed to select the most appropriate generic source for those
facilities that were not specifically modeled.
Step 3: Compiled generic release specifications
Eleven release terms were identified to represent groups of incinerators from the
RIA Mail Survey.
Step 4: Modeled actual and generic release specifications
Each of the models was executed consistent with standard EPA modeling practices,
and the results were quality controlled
Step 5: Developed dispersion coefficient vs. effective stack height categories
Dispersion coefficients for metals as a function of effective stack height were
analyzed by terrain type and land use classification to identify categories where dispersion
coefficients were significantly different. Those categories were:
One generic source was also added to conservatively represent low-level stacks that have pollutants
rapidly transported to the surface by building-induced turbulence. This generic source was not,
however, included in the Tier I or II tables because the 4 m stack was selected to represent
downwash cases.
Appendix 1*3
-------
Flat and rolling terrain (noncomplex)
—urban land use
—rural land use
• Complex terrain.
Dispersion coefficients for HC1 as a function of effective stack height were also
analyzed by terrain type and land use classification to identify categories where dispersion
coefficients were significantly different. Unlike for metals, dispersion coefficients for
urban/rural scenarios did not differ significantly. The land use categories identified were:
• Flat and rolling terrain (noncomplex)
• Complex terrain.
1.2 Facility Selection
Nine facilities in complex terrain, and 8 each in the noncomplex terrain categories
(flat, rolling) were selected for detailed modeling. Once the topographic data were
compiled, the terrain classifications of certain sites were modified.
1.3 Model Selection
The actual incinerator release specifications for each facility and terrain data were
used to select the appropriate model. Once selected, the actual release specifications and a
set of generic release modifications ranging from release heights of 5 to 100 meters were
evaluated during each modeling analysis. Based on the EPA "Guideline on Air Quality
Models" and input from the EPA Office of Air Quality, Planning and Standards, the
following models were selected:
Terrain classification
Urban/Rural
Averaging period
Model selected
Rat or Rolling
Rat or Rolling
Complex
Complex
Complex
Urban or Rural
Urban or Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Annual Average
Hourly
Annual Average
Hourly
Hourly or Annual
ISCLT
ISCST
LONGZ
SHORTZ
COMPLEX!
Flat and Rolling Terrain: The Industrial Source Complex models (ISCLT
and ISCST) were selected for flat and rolling terrain because they can
address building downwash and elevated releases and can account for
Appendix 1-4
-------
terrain differences between sources and receptors. The long-term mode
(ISCLT) was used for annual averages, while the short-term mode (ISCST)
was used to estimate maximum hourly concentrations.
. Complex Terrain: Complex terrain applications required the use, in this
case, of three separate models. For urban applications, EPA recommends
SHORTZ for short-term averaging periods and LONGZ for seasonal or
annual averages. For rural sites located in complex terrain, EPA
recommends use of COMPLEX I.
1.4 Input Parameters
1.4.1 Terrain Analysis
U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 minute topographic maps were acquired to document
terrain out to 5 kilometers from each facility. Maximum terrain heights were compiled for
each of 16 wind directions and distances of 0 to 200 meters, 200 to 500 meters, 500 to
1,000 meters, 1,000 to 1,500 meters, 1,500 to 2,000 meters, 2,000 to 3,000 meters,
3,000 to 4,000 meters, and 4,000 to 5,000 meters.
1.4.2 Release Specifications
1.4.2.1 Actual Incinerators
The release specifications used for each of the actual facilities were acquired
through the RIA Mail Survey. There are a large number of hazardous waste incinerators
that have stacks of less than 10 meters, and relatively low effective release heights. Each of
these releases was modeled as an elevated release, because data were not available on the
dimensions and locations of nearby structures. The use of generic release specifications
(described in the next subsection), however, provides a release specification to
conservatively address low-level stacks affected by building downwash.
1.4.2.2 Generic Release Specifications
The objective of the generic release specifications is to show meteorological and
terrain-induced variability across a set of common specifications. In this manner, facilities
not among the 24 modeled individually could still be screened. The first step in
determining these specifications was to subdivide the RIA Mail Survey into ten categories
of incinerators based on ranges of effective stack height Then, within each stack height
category, a single facility was selected whose effective stack height approximated the 25th
percentile of the range of effective stack heights in the category. The 25th percentile was
chosen because the goal was to conservatively represent the release specifications within
each group of incinerators, not to use the most conservative release specification for each
Appendix 1-5
-------
group. In addition, an 11th generic release specification was defined in order to represent
facilities whose height of releases do not meet good engineering practice (GEP).4
The consideration of effective release height is especially important for facilities
with high exhaust temperatures. There was no clear pattern for exhaust temperature as a
function of release height. While diameter and exit velocity were found to be a function of
release height, exhaust temperatures varied widely and did not show a strong function of
release height For the purpose of this modeling analysis, 325 Kelvin (K) was used for all
generic release specifications. Actual facilities may have exhaust temperatures much higher
than this value.
The use of effective release height is an important element to this approach.
Nevertheless, effective release height is a variable that is a function of wind speed and
atmospheric stability. In choosing the most effective release type for a specific facility, the
approach used a high wind speed (i.e., 6.8 m/sec) and neutral conditions for specific
sources as the generic sources. In this manner, a conservative plume rise value could be
used to select the most appropriate generic source. This approach allows for the use of
specific release specifications in order to select the most representative generic stack, while
conservatively addressing the issue of variability of effective release height as a function of
wind speed.
1.4.3 Results and Analysis
All input and output files were quality controlled by an independent analyst. There
was a wide range of predicted concentrations for metals and Hd across the various release
specifications.
The results were plotted on scatter diagrams so that the relationship between
dispersion coefficient and effective stack height could be ascertained In order to ensure
that the emission limits are conservative, the outer envelope of the curve (the maximum
value for each modeled effective stack height) was used to determine the dispersion
coefficient corresponding to those effective stack heights falling between the modeled
values. Actual and generic sources were both considered in these scatter diagrams.
Minimum good engineering practice (GEP) physical stack height is defined as Hg » H + l.SL,
where:
Hg » GEP physical stack height measured from ground level elevation at the base of the stack.
H * Height of nearby structure measured from ground level elevation at the base of the stack.
L * The lesser dimension of the height or projected width of a nearby structure.
Source: 40 CFR 51.1 (ii).
Appendix 1-6
-------
The straight line connecting each two modeled points was determined (using a
logarithmic relationship). This line was used to generate dispersion coefficients at the
intermediate effective stack heights. The effective stack height interval chosen was 2
meters up to 30 meters, then 5 meters up to 120 meters. Beyond 120 meters no data were
generated.
The next step was to calculate, based on the conservative dispersion coefficients,
the allowable emissions corresponding to the risk limits.
1.4.3.1 Noncarcinogens
For the noncarcinogens, the ambient concentration is calculated by the following
equation:
Ambient Concentration » Dispersion Coefficient (ug/m3)/(g/sec) x Emission (g/sec)
This equation is solved for emission, and the RAC ( see Section 3.2) is used in
place of ambient concentration (because the RAC is the upper limit of allowed
concentrations). This equation is solved for each dispersion coefficient (relating to each
effective stack height).
1.4.3.2 Carcinogens
For carcinogens, the risk is defined by the following equation:
Risk » Dispersion Coefficient (ug/m3/(g/sec) x Emission (g/sec) x Unit Risk (m3/ug).
This equation is solved for emission, and the upper limit of 1E-5 is used for the risk
for each carcinogen. Since the carcinogenic risk limit is the aggregate cancer risk and the
emission limits are based on 1E-5 for each metal individually, the allowable carcinogenic
metal emissions from all carcinogenic metals are constrained by the following relation:
n
E Actual Emission < .
Emission Limit
i«l
where i - the number of carcinogenic metals.
Appendix 1-7
-------
2. URBAiN/RURAL CLASSIFICATION—AUER METHOD
There is a need to classify areas in the vicinity of incineration sites as urban or rural
in order to set risk-based emission limits. This classification is needed because dispersion
rates differ between urban and rural areas and thus, the risk per unit emission rate differs
accordingly. The combination of greater surface roughness (more buildings/structures to
generate turbulent mixing) and the greater amount of heat released from the surface in an
urban area (generates buoyancy-induced mixing) produces greater rates of dispersion. The
emission limit tables in the regulation, therefore, distinguish between urban and rural areas.
The following describes the approach to be used in selecting the appropriate urban or rural
designation for this rule.
EPA guidance (EPA 1986) shows two alternative procedures to determine whether
the character of an area is predominantly urban or rural: (1) land use typing or (2) a method
based on population density. Both approaches require consideration of characteristics
within a 3-km radius from a source, in this case the incinerator stack(s). The land use
method is preferred because it more directly relates to the surface characteristics that affect
dispersion rates. The remainder of this discussion is thus, focused on the land use method.
While the land use method is more direct, it also can be labor intensive to apply.
For this discussion, we have simplified the land use approach. Our goal is to be consistent
with EPA guidance for urban/rural classification (EPA 1986; Auer 1978), while
streamlining the process for the majority of applications so that a clear-cut decision can be
made without the need for detailed analysis. Table 1 summarizes the recommended
simplified approach to classifying areas as urban or rural. As shown, the applicant always
has the option of applying standard (i.e., more detailed) analyses to more accurately
distinguish between urban or rural areas. The procedure presented here, however, allows
for simplified treatments, where appropriate, to expedite the permitting process.
2.1 Simplified Land Use Process
The land use approach considers four primary land use types: industrial (I),
commercial (C), residential (R), and agricultural (A). Within these primary classes,
subclasses are identified, as shown in Table 1. The goal is to estimate the percentage of the
area within a 3-km radius that is urban type and the percentage that is rural type. Industrial
and commercial areas are classified as urban; agricultural areas are classified as rural.
Appendix 1*8
-------
Type*
Table 1
Classification of Land Use Types
Description Urban or rural designation^
11
12
Cl
Rl
R2
R3
R4
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
Heavy Industrial
Light/Moderate Industrial
Commercial
Common Residential
(Normal Easements)
Compact Residential
(Single Family)
Compact Residential
(Multi-Family)
Estate Residential
(Multi-Acre Plots)
Metropolitan Natural
Agricultural
Undeveloped
(Grasses/Weeds)
Undeveloped
(Heavily Wooded)
Water Surfaces
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Rural
Rural
Rural
Rural
Rural
EPA, Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised), EPA-450/2-78-027, Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, July,
1986.
Auer, August Pi Jr., "Correlation of Land Use and Cover with Meteorological
Anomalies," Journal of Applied Meteorology, pp. 636-643,1978.
Appendix 1-9
-------
The delineation of urban and rural areas, however, can be more difficult for the residential
type areas shown in Table 1. The degree of resolution shown in Table 1 for residential
areas often cannot be identified without conducting site area inspections and/or referring to
zoning maps. This process can require extensive analysis, which, for many applications,
can be greatly streamlined without sacrificing confidence in selecting the appropriate urban
or rural classification.
The fundamental simplifying assumption is based on the premise that many
applications will have clear-cut urban/rural designations, i.e., most will be in rural settings
that can be definitively characterized through a brief review of topographical maps. The
color coding on USGS topographical maps provides the most effective means of
simplifying the typing scheme. The suggested typing designations for the color codes
found on topographical maps are as follows:
Green Wooded areas (rural).
White White areas generally will be treated as rural This code applies to areas that
are unwooded and do not have densely packed structures, which would
require the pink code (house omission tint). Parks, industrial areas, and
unforested rural land will appear as white on the topographical maps. Of
these categories, only the industrial areas could potentially be classified as
urban based on EPA 1986 and Auer 1978. Industrial areas can be easily
identified in most cases by the characteristics shown in Figure 1. For this
simplified procedure, white areas that have an industrial classification will
be treated as an urban areas.
Pink Pink areas indicate house omission and will be treated as urban in this
simplified procedure.5 The effect of this simplification is to group housing
types Rl and R4 (shown in Table 1) into the urban fraction, thereby
removing the need to consider housing types—the most cumbersome step in
the standard classification method. Conservative safeguards have been
incorporated into the simplified approach to ensure that this simplification
does not result in allowable emission rates that exceed the 10*s risk
criterion.
Blue Water areas (rural).
Purple Purple areas indicate revisions to previous topographical maps. If
individual residences are visible, treat as rural; otherwise, treat as urban.
These areas can be counted within the rural fraction if the vegetation covers 70 percent or more of
the area, but for simplicity, these areas will be treated as urban in this procedure.
Appendix I-10
-------
Figure 1
Supplementary Publication Symbols
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SMCW 20- etnttr to etnttr.
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07*.
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Stmt It tutting trten *'t* totet Or. I
123 Juxtaposition .
*n»rniH tm. IMC
Minimum SMCf 0*/
tor ling* trten -DO
124 Railroad in street
*n»rniH tm. IMCM
Minimum SMCf 0*/w««f> ,v«c«i 0"* On* **iynt
tor ling* trten -DOT, mvltioM tne»$ .003".
lao*/
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125 Yards
lint w+gnt OUT Sotct ottwttn t'tcit OH' T\
toteta .if etnttf to etnttr, mtumum itngtn to
touen 8 trie**.
126 Sidings ._
lint **tgn< OOT. SenOt to se*/» •»•*« 'nm/mt
SMC* Ottwttn trten .011' T,tl SMCftf .70*
ctnttr to etntf. tngtn Cf lor tfgit :rtc*.
176 Large buildings
Outlint «*>0/ti OOT Wntn *«nn HCftOt 09'
"«eft «r 45* ««9W ro tuiUmg m */e iir
tint* .OOT SMCM fl?" etnttr ro c*nf*r.
178 Sewage disposal or filtration plant.. ! "' "'0==-n~--^
lint utignl QOT Stt tymool 700 lot Olut
196 Tanks: oil, gas, water, etc .............. • • • • c»
Ore* OJ*Tii/i
StcttOing iO' Uitmtltt Out/mt »tignt 003" *" "^
w«fen SW-/vfi ».rn oo?- »^*s 50*e*a 07* r*
(0 etnttr uott tt ;o conttnt
Appendix Ml
-------
Based on the color code and review of the 3-km radius shown on the topographical
map(s) for the facility under review, the following steps should be performed:
1. Identify all white areas that are characterized by the industrial codes and
circle on the maps—label as "urban" (to be counted in the urban fraction).
2. Visually inspect the area within the 3-km radius. If the total of the white
areas labeled as "urban" plus the pink areas appears to be less than
30 percent of the total area within the 3-km radius, select the emission rates
from the rural tables. If the total urban types appear to be greater than
30 percent, and a planimetcr is available, go to step 3; otherwise, proceed
directly to step 4.
3. Measure and sum the white areas labeled as "urban" and the pink areas with
a planimeter to more accurately estimate the percentage of land areas that is
included as urban types. If this percentage is less than 50, use the emission
rates from the rural tables. If this area is greater than or equal to 50 percent,
go to step 4.
4. Use these final options to classify the site as urban or rural:
a. Review emissions limits based on the urban and rural tables and
select the more restrictive case or
b. Follow the standard land use methods documented in EPA 1986,
and Auer 1978. This removes the conservative assumption that all
pink areas (house omission tint) are urban.
3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE HEALTH RISK
ASSUMPTIONS USED TO ESTABLISH EMISSION LIMITS
3.1 Carcinogens
EPA policy suggests that no threshold dose can be demonstrated experimentally for
carcinogens. This leads to the assumption that any exposure theoretically represents some
finite level of risk. EPA's Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) has estimated the
carcinogenic potency for humans exposed to low dose levels of carcinogens. The potency
factors have been used to estimate the unit risk of carcinogenic constituents lists in 40 CFR
Pan 60, Appendix A. The unit risk is defined as the incremental risk to an individual
exposed for a lifetime to ambient air containing one microgram of the compound per cubic
meter of air.
This methodology considers inhalation as the only exposure pathway, and does not
take into account indirect exposures such as ingestion or dermal contact Cancer risk is
assumed to result only from exposure to the incinerator emissions. Cancer incidences
resulting from other industrial or nonindustrial sources are not considered.
Appendix 1-12
-------
A second issue concerns the methodology, which confines the analysis to the
D0tential most exposed individual (MEI). The potential MEI risk is the risk at the point
where the maximum concentration occurs regardless of the actual population distribution.
Total population risk, which could be expressed as total potential cases produced by the
facility, is not part of the analysis.
The Agency is proposing that, using reasonable worst-case assumptions, an
incremental lifetime risk to the MEI of less than 1 x 10"5 (1 cancer case per 100,000 people)
is a reasonable acceptable risk. The aggregate risk to the MEI is calculated by predicting
the maximum annual average ground level concentration for each carcinogenic emission,
calculating the estimated risk from that ambient concentration using the unit risk factor, and
summing the risk for all carcinogenic compounds. EPA's Carcinogen Assessment Group
(CAG) has estimated carcinogenic potency factors for humans exposed to known and
suspected human carcinogens. These factors are the basis for estimating "unit risks" of
carcinogens at the low doses associated with typical levels of exposure to airborne
carcinogens in the ambient environment Table 1-2 presents the unit risk values for the
carcinogens under consideration.
Nickel is not a carcinogen under consideration because the only carcinogenic forms
of nickel, nickel carbonyl and nickel subsulfide, are compounds that can be reduced under
reducing conditions and, thus, are not believed to be emitted from incineration processes.
Tabls 1-2
Unit Risk Values for Carcinogens
Metal Unit Riskfug/m3)-1
Arsenic 4.3E-03
Beryllium 2.4E-03
Cadmium 1.8E-03
Chromium 1.2E-02
Appendix 1-13 (Corrected 11/89)
-------
3.2 Noncarcinogens
For toxic substances not known to display carcinogenic properties, there appears to
be an identifiable exposure threshold below which adverse health effects usually do not
occur. Toxic effects are manifested only when these noncarcinogens are present in
concentrations above that threshold. Thus, protection against the adverse health effects of a
threshold toxicant is likely to be achieved by preventing exposure levels from exceeding the
reference dose (RfD).
Reference air concentrations (RACs) have been developed for HC1 and those
noncarcinogenic metals listed in Appendix VIH of 40 CFR Part 261 for which the Agency
has adequate health effects data. The exposure threshold level for lead is 10 percent of the
NAAQS. The RAC for HC1 is 100 percent of the inhalation RfD. Selenium is not being
evaluated because health effects data are not available.
An oral RfD is an estimate of a daily exposure (via ingestion) for the human
population that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects even if
exposure occurs daily during a lifetime. The RfD for a specific chemical is calculated by
dividing the experimentally determined no-observed-adverse-effect-level by the appropriate
uncertainty factors).
The Agency is proposing to use the following equation to convert oral RfDs to
RACs in mg/m^:
RfD (mg/kg-bw/dav) x body weight x correction factor x background levels
m3 air breathed/day
where:
• RfD is the oral reference dose;
• Body weight is assumed to be 70 kg for an adult male;
• Volume of air breathed by an adult male is assumed to be 20 m3/day,
• Correction factor for route to route extrapolation (going from the oral route
to the inhalation route is assumed to be 1.0); and
• Factor to apportion the RfD to the intake resulting from direct inhalation of
the compound emitted from the source is 0.25 (i.e., an individual is
assumed to be exposed to 75 percent of the RfD from the combination of
other sources).
Appendix 1*14
-------
The RACs are used to determine if adverse health effects are likely to result from
exposure to stack emissions by comparing ground level concentrations of a pollutant to the
pollutant's RAC. If the RAG is not exceeded, adverse health effects are not anticipated.
The Agency's reasoning for proposing RACs derived from oral RfDs is as follows:
1. EPA has developed verified RfDs and is committed to establishing RfDs for all
constituents of Agency interest. The verification process is conducted by an
EPA work group, and the conclusions and reasoning for these decisions are
publicly available.
2. The verification process assures that the critical study is of appropriate length
and quality to derive a health limit for long-term, lifetime protection.
3. RfDs are based on the best available information that meets minimal scientific
criteria and may come from experimental animal studies or human studies.
4. RfDs are designed to give long-term protection to all members of the population
including persons at unusual risk, such as pregnant women, growing children,
and older men and women.
5. RfDs are designated by the Agency as being of high, medium, or low
confidence depending on the quality of the information and the amount of
supporting data.
The Agency used the following strategy to derive the inhalation exposure limits:
1. Where a verified oral RfD has been based on an inhalation study, the
inhalation exposure limit will be calculated directly from the study.
2. Where a verified oral RfD has been based on an oral study, a conservative
assumption for route to route extrapolation in deriving an inhalation limit
will be used; that is, the conversion factor is assumed to be 1.
3. Where EPA health documents containing relevant inhalation toxiciry data
exist, such as the Health Effects Assessments (HEAs) and the Health
Effects and Environmental Profiles (HEEPs), the data will be used in
deriving an inhalation exposure limit Other agency health documents (e.g.,
NIOSH's criteria documents) will also be considered.
4. The Agency recognizes the limitations of the route-to-route conversions
used to derive the RACs and is in the process of examining the confounding
factors affecting these conversions such as: (a) the appropriateness of
extrapolating when a portal of entry is the critical target organ; (b) first pass
effects; and (c) the effect of the route upon dosimeny. The Agency is
developing reference dose values for inhalation exposure, and many are
expected to be available this year.
Appendix I-IS
-------
Table 1-3 presents the reference air concentrations for the noncarcinogens under
consideration.
Table 1-3
Reference Air Concentrations for Noncarcinogens
Metal
Antimony
Barium
Lead
Mercury
Silver
ThaJBum
Hydrogen Chloride
RAG
(wg/m3)
0.3
50
0.09
0.3
3
0.3
150 (3 min)
7 (annual)
Appendix 1-16
-------
Appendix EL Using the GEMS System
-------
Table of Contents
Page No
Appendix II: Using the GEMS System
Step-by-Step Procedures for Using GEMS
Step 1: Accessing the GEMS System and GAMS Subsystem II-1
Step 2: Obtain Meteorological Data Requirements for ISGLT II-l
Step 3: Consult with the Regional Meteorologist or the Permit Assistance
Team (PAT) H-2
Step 4: Identify the Worst-Case Stack. II-2
StepS: Create the ISCLT Input File and Run the Model II-3
Step 6: Follow up Model Runs for Greater Detail H-5
-------
Procedures for Using
GEMS
Step 1: Accessing the
GEMS system and
GAMS subsystem.
(A) Use (or open) an active account on EPA's Vax
system. To open a new account, contact Ms. Pat
Harrigan ((202) 382-3397) or Mr. Daryl Kaufman
((202) 382-3929).
(B) Use a terminal that prints all input and output
information directly onto a printer.
(Q Get into the GEMS system. Enter "YES" to the
system prompt
Refer to the GEMS user's manual included in this
appendix,
(D) Answer the prompt to identify your terminal type by
entering the appropriate number.
Step 2: Obtain (A)
meteorological data
requirements for
ISCLT: One of the key
data requirements for (B)
ISCLT is a representative
meteorological data set (Q
The GAMS package
contains a national data
base for meteorological
conditions (currently
being updated with the
latest data from the
National Climatic Center). (D)
When the user identifies
the location of the (E)
incinerator (by latitude and
longitude), the GEMS
software lists the weather (F)
stations nearest to the site
that can be used in the
model run. This list
typically contains about
five to seven stations.
Enter "2" for Geodata Handling, "2" for
Environmental Data Locator, "5" Search for STAR
Station.
Enter "1ISC, 2 LAT/LON." Then type "NEXT."
Using as an example a latitude of 33° 45* 35"N and a
longitude of 84° 23' 44", type the following
incorporating the actual latitude/longitude values
from the incinerator application:
"1 334535,2 842344." Then type "NEXT."
Enter "GO" when prompted.
The GEMS software will print out the available
meteorological stations for the ISCLT model run.
Enter "BACK," then "EXIT," and "YES" to confirm
the Exit command When the "$" prompt appears,
enter "LOGOFF' to leave the GEMS system.
Appendix II-1
-------
Step 3i Consult with
the Regional
Meteorologist or the
Permit Assistance
Team (PAT).
Sten 4: Identify the
worst-case stack.
(A) Ask for assistance from the Regional Meteorologist
or PAT to identify the most representative
meteorological station for the incinerator site.
(B) The Regional Meteorologist or PAT should
determine whether the source is located in a special
terrain feature or near a shoreline that would make
the available meteorological data from GEMS
inappropriate for modeling the incinerator site.
(Q If the Regional Meteorologist or PAT determines that
the meteorological data available through GEMS is
not appropriate for the site, perform site-specific
modeling.
(A) If the facility has more than one incinerator stack, use
the following equation for each stack:
K*HVT
Where: K» An arbitrary parameter accounting for
relative influence of physical stack
height, plume rise, and the total feed rate.
H * Physical stack height (m)
V« Flow rate (m3/sec)
T« Exhaust temperature (K).
The stack with the lowest value of K is the worst-
case stack.
(B) If the facility has only one incinerator stack, then this
is the worst-case stack.
Appendix II-2
-------
Step 5; Create the
ISCLT input file and
run the model.
(A)
(B)
(Q
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
(D
Get back into the GEMS system. Enter "YES" to the
system prompt
Answer the prompt to identify your terminal type by
entering the appropriate number.
Enter the option numbers "1" for Modeling, "1" for
Air Models, "4" for GAMS system, and "1" for
GAMS interface.
Enter "AUTOHELP." Then enter "NEW" for new
study, then a 1 to 10 character study name (e.g.,
"FACILITY X"), a 1 to 80 character study title, and
a 1 to 6 character run name (e.g., "RUNl'V
Enter "ISC" for model to be used, "C" for
concentration, a 1 to 60 character chemical name
(e.g., "METALS"), and "PARTICLE" for the state
of the chemical
Enter "NO" for chemical removal and "NO" for dry
deposition.
Enter a I to 24 character site name (e.g.,
"ATLANTA") and "L" for site location identifier.
Enter the latitude of the site (e.g., "33 45 35") and
the longitude (e.g., "84 23 44"). After the STAR
stations are printed, enter the four-digit station
number of the station chosen by the Regional
Meteorologist or PAT. Enter "R" if the site is rural
or "Ul" if the site is urban.
When the site name prompt comes up again, simply
hit the return or enter key.
Enter "YES," then "SP" for special grid distances.
Enter the following distances for each of the ring
prompts: 0.2 (or shortest distance to fenceline if
greater than 0.2 kilometer), 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5,
2.0, 3.0,4.0, and 5.0. For example: the system will
prompt with "Enter the last ring distance in
kilometers:," to which is entered "0.2" (or the
shortest distance to fenceline), etc. When the system
prompts for the 11th distance, simply hit the enter or
return key.
Appendix II-3
-------
(J) Enter "1" for the number of concentration points per
ring.
(K) Enter a 1 to 24 character source category name (e.g.,
"INCINERATOR"), then enter a 1 to 12 character
name for the first emission type (e.g.,
"SOURCE1").
(L) Enter "S" for method of treating this emission type.
Then enter the corresponding values to the system
prompts for exit temperature, exit velocity, and inner
stack diameter of the worst-case stack found in Step
4.
(M) If the physical stack height is less than 2.5 times the
nearby building height, then enter "YES" to the
building wake effects prompt If the physical stack
height is greater than 2.5 times the nearby building
height, enter "NO" and skip to step (N). Enter the
height and width (the results of taking the square root
of the length times width) of the nearby building at
the system prompt
(N) Enter the physical stack height at the system prompt
(O) Enter the site name used in (G) above (e.g.,
"ATLANTA"), then enter the source category used in
step (K) (e.g., "INCINERATOR"). Next enter
"1.0" when the system prompts for the stack
emission rate. Simply hit the enter or return key
when the system prompts for the source category
again.
(P) Enter "YES" to save the ISC model output, then
enter a 1 to 40 character tide that will be placed on the
top of each page of model output (e.g., "ANNUAL
CONCENTRATIONS FOR FACILITY X"). Then
enter "ALL" to prompt for summary tables.
(Q) Enter "NONE" to the exposure calculations prompt,
"NO" to the estimation of lifetime risk, and "YES" to
saving the concentration files. The system will
respond with "GAMSIN session completed,"
indicating that the ISCLT input file is created.
Appendix IM
-------
(R) Enter "2" for the GAMS model run, then enter the
study name used in step (D) at the system prompt.
Enter "GO" to run GAMS. The system indicates the
job entry number as the model run is started Within
a few minutes the system will indicate that the run is
completed
(S) Enter "EXIT* and "YES" to leave the GAMS
system. Enter the run name used in step (D) as in the
following example: 'TYPE RUNISC001.OUT" and
the model results will be printed
CD Enter "LCX3OFF' to leave the GEMS system.
(U) Review model output
Step 6: Follow up
model runs for
greater detail.
Repeat the entire Step 5 process, with the exception
of using up to 10 ring distances, equally spaced,
between the standard distances shown to have the
maximum offsite concentrations. For example, if the
maximum was shown to occur between 0.4 and
0.6 km, the follow-up model run would contain ring
distances of 0.40, 0.425, 0.45, 0.475 km, and so
forth up to 0.60 km.
Appendix II-5
-------
Ill" "II Illlll IIUUII HI ""1111111111
SENS
1. Tao FH/EXPORT procedure 62DBF and s&y are „„, available for
data convtr^on f^ ggnS datasets to .DBF and .DIP flits. The
.DBF and .DIP fjies cm be downloaded to IBM PC for use in tht
dBflSE III and LOTUS 1-2-3 software resptctivtly. U/12/86)
2. A VT100 full scrwn rtitor is now available for creating and
modify GENS datastts. This editor can be selected froi tht
Filt Manage*** Him. (2/12/87)
linn mil m "u mi ii imniiiii in mi mnm
MENU: Ttninal Typt Sptcification
1. VTKXHx^jatjblt teraiMl 2. Tektronix 4010 ttrainal
1 VTIOO with TEK4010 ewUtor 4. Tiktronix 4014 ttrainal
5. 80 colian flSCII teraiMl 6. Ttktronix 4105 ttrainal
7. 132 colon ASCII teraiMl 8. Tektronix 4106 ttnunal
9. LA120 DEDriter teraiMl 10. Tektronix 4107 teraiMl
Please identify your teraiMl type by mater
? 7
P3h>
6MPNIOL EXPOSURE MOOELI» SYSTEM
Virsion 8.1
dtwloped by
GENEML SCIENCES COflPOWTION
for
US. ENVIROMENTIL PROTECTION flBENCY
OFFICE OF PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBS'
A series of HELP information is available by entering HELP or TUTOR
Use the PR procedure in tht Utilities operation to report problen in SENS.
MENU: Graphical Exposure Modeling System
1. Modeling (NO)
2. Geodata Handling (SH)
1 Graphic* (6R)
4. File Nanaownt (FM)
3. Estimation (ES)
6. Statistics (SD
7. Utilities (UT)
Enter an option number or a procedure name (in parentheses)
or a wmmand: HBP, HOP option, BfiCX, CUAR, EXIT, TUTOR
? I
Appendix II-4
-------
«MJ:
1. Air Models (flIR)
2. SoU Hoatls (SOIU
<«TER>
4. Nultmdia Hotel* (MULTI)
Entfr an option muter or • proctdurt ntv (in partnthtfts)
or a co—and: HELP, HELP option, BACK, CLOW, EIIT, TUnJR
? 1
CM)> Air (todtlt
1. Singlff ATM Sown Box Mil (BOMB)
2. Point Sourct (hourly conctn.) Nodtl
3. Point Sourct (HxiMn conctn. ) Nodtl
4. GENS Atmphtric Nodtl ing Subtysttt
5. Sauwian INttgratid PIFF Nodtl (INPtJFF)
Enttr an option nurttr or a proctdurt mm (in pannthtMs)
or a cownd: »€LP, KLP option, BflCK, OZPJJ, EXIT, TUTW
NQU: BEMS Atmphtric Nodtling Subsysta
1. SPJ6 INttrfact (GflNSIN)
2. 6flNS»dtllU< (MMO
3. SPJ6 UTILitin (GPJBJTIU
Enttr an option mater or a proctdurt naat (in partnthMM)
or a coHund: HELP, HELP option, BACK, CLEAR, EXIT, TUTOR
? 1
SMS Atamphiric Nodtl inq Subtytti
Vtnion 1.1
by
BENEML SCIDCES CORPORATION
Appendix II-7
-------
*-* SflHS CONTROL *-*
flrt you sttting up a DM study or r*-tntering * study: ntn
Enttr tht study naw: clutt
Enttr the study titlts plans to list halogtn acid furnacts as industrial furnacts
Enttr tht run MM: ttra
Which of tht atmohtric Mdtls dill you bt using in tht study: htlp
Tht atBosphtric wdtls currtntly availablt art tht Industrial
Sourct Ctapltx (IX) long-ttm Kdtl and tht atiosphtric arta
sourct aodtl (TQXBOX). Enttr tithtr ISC, TOXBOX, or BOTH.
Which of tht atMosphtric ndtls Mill you bt using in tht study: isc
Art you calculating conctntration or total dtposition in tht ISC wdtl: ntlp
Typt CONCENTRATION (C) if you want to calculatt avtragt ground-liwl
conctntration. Typt DEPOSITION (0) to calculatt only total opposition.
Uhtn wdtling conctntration, pluat dtplttion dut to gravitational
stttling can bt account*! for.
Art you calculating conctntration or total dtposition in tht ISC todtl: c
«-t 6ANB OOICflL DATA »-*
Enttr tht cntncal nssvt gtntric
Enttr tht statt of tht chttical: ntlp
Typt 6AS if tht pollutant is gistous, or typt PARTICLE if
tht pollutant is a
Enttr tht state of the cnsvical: particlt
IIUIHIIIilllllliHIIIIIIIIillllllllll
• f
* DOUSTRIAL SOURCE Om£X MODEL •
• t
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Appendix
-------
«-» ISC (BOWL SPECIFICfiTIONS »-»
Do you Mnt to includt chwical ntoval in tht ISC ndtl: htlp
Atspond YES for pluw dtplttion dut to thi atiosphtric half-lift
dKiy ttr« in tht ISC todtl. Rtspond MO, or prwn RETURN,
for no pi UH dtplftion.
Do you Miit to ineludt chMical rtaoval in tht ISC todtl: n
Do you Mnt to ineludt dry dtposition moval in tht ISC Hdtli htlp
Typt YES if you Miit to calculate jround-ltvtl conctntration with
dtpoiition occurring. Typt NO, or prtw RETURN, if you Mnt to
calculate conetntration vithout dtpoiition. Gravitational Mttling
gmrally acts to rtduct concintratiora. Uhtn particlt tin data
art not availablt or a comtrvativt analytif it dtsirad, gravitational
Mttling Mould gmrally bt suppntMrt. IIOMvtr, nott that for
clowin rtctpton ntar high stacks, conctntrations can bt substantially
incrtastd through tht ust of gravitational stttling.
Do you Mnt to ineludt dry opposition rtwval in tht ISC todtlt n
«-« ISC SITE LJXflTIQH AM) CTEOROL06Y *-*
Enttr tht sitt AMI: clutt ttxas
Enttr tht sitt location idtntifitr: htlp
Typt LAT/L9B OJ if you Mnt to tnttr tht Utitudt/longitudt
coordiMtn of tht sitt. Typt zip codt (Z) if you Mnt to havt
tht sitt ctnttrtd on tht coordinatts of tht postal zip codt
rfudi you Hill mttr. Latitudt and longitudt valuts art
prtftrtblt sinct tht ust of zip codt inforastion only
approiiMtts tht actual location and My significantly
afftct NtiHtn of population nposurt.
Enttr tht sitt location idtntifitr: 1
Enttr tht latitudt of tht sitt in dtgrtts tinutts sicondst 28 39 7
Enttr tht longitudt of tht sitt in dtgrtts tinutts SKondSi 95 23 23
Appendix U-9
-------
STATION Nfi«
GflLVESTON/SCHOLES TX
HOUSTON/HOBBY 129 TX
VICTDRIfl/FOSTER TX
PUT ARTHJR/JEFFER TX
BEEVILLE/CHASE TX
CORPUS CHRISTI TX
LAKE CHARLES LA
LflT
(leg i
LOW
deg ««
PERIOD OF
RECORD
STflBILlTY
OPSSES
DISTRK3
(ki)
N 29 IS / U 94 52
N 29 39 / H 95 17
N 28 51 / U % 55
N 29 57 / U 94 01
N2B23 / V 97 40
N 27 42 / W 97 16
N 30 07 / U 93 13
1956-1960
1964-1968
1965-1974
1972-1976
1965-1969
1965-1969
1966-1970
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
59.6
74.6
149. a
170.7
231.8
232.5
244.7
Entir tht STM station (INDEX) nuter: 0065
Specify rural or out of tht urban aodM: htlp
Typt RUM. (R) to fpKify mr«l not, which don not rtdtfint
tht stability cattgorits. Typt URBAN1 (Ul) to rtdtfim tht
E and F stability eattgorin as D. Typt UR8AN2 (1C) to rtdtfint
stability cattgory B «• A, C as B, OasC,andEandFasO.
It should bt nottd that tht ust of URBPN2 gtntrally is not
for rtgulatory purpotn.
Spteify rural or ont of tht urban wdts: r
Enttr tht sitt matt htlp
Tht naav of tht sitt tay consist of up to 24 characttrs,
You tay spacify up to 100 situ by typing a sitt
tach iim it is raqvttttd. Prtss RETURN to signal
you art finishtd.
Entir tht sitt
t
*-» IX PQLM COQROINRTE SRIO SPECIFICATIONS *-*
Do you want to apply tht sat* polar grid at all sitni htlp
Typt YES if you want to apply tht saav polar coordinate grid
at all titts, othmrist typt NO (or pnss RETURN)
Do yo« Hank to apply tht saav polar grid at all sittsi y
Entir STflKMRD or SPECIPL for tht polar coordinatt systa*: htlp
Typt STANDARD (ST) if you want a polar coordinatt sytta* consisting of
16 SKtors and 10 rings at distanets of 0.3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 13,
29, and SO kilotwttrs, and 3 conctntrations for tach ring applitd
at all situ. Typt SPECIAL (SP) if you nant to spxify your om
coordinatt characttristics.
Entir STMMRD or SPECIAL for tht polar coordinatt systsai st
Appendix 11-10
-------
*-* ISC SOURCE DORflCTERIZflTION *-*
Enter the source category nave: help
The source category naee My consist of up to 24 characters.
You My specify up to twenty source categories by typing a
source category naae each tiee it is requested. Press
RETURN to signal you are finished. Exaeples of source
categories are as follows: Manufacturing, Refining, Power
Generation. Type LIST to obtain a list of source categories
entered.
Enter the source category naee: plant b
Enter the 1st Mission type naM: help
The Mission type neee My consist of up to 12 characters.
You My Hke up to fifty Mission type entries per source category
by typing an Mission type nae* each tiM it is requested. You are
lieited to nine unique Mission type naees per source category and
ten unique naees across all source categories. Press RETURN to signal
you are finished. Exaeples of Mission types are as follows: process,
storage, fugitive process, fugitive erosion. Type LIST to obtain a list
of Mission types entered.
Enter the 1st Mission type naM: process
Specify the eethod of treating this Mission type: help
Type STOCK (S) if you want to have the Mission treated as a
stack source, type VGUJPC (V) to treat the Mission as a voluM
source, or type AREA (AR) if the Mission is to be treated as
an area source. Point sources are typically treated as stack
Missions.
Specify the eethod of treating this Mission type: s
Enter the stack gas exit taenrature in degrMs Kelvin: 300
Enter the stack gas exit velocity in etters per second: 12
Enter the inner stack diaecter in eeters: 0.9
Do you wish to consider building wake effects: help
Type YES if you wish to consider wake effects for the current
Mission type, otherwise type NO, or press RETURN. You will be
proepted for the height and width of the building adjacent to
the stack upon a YES response.
Do you wish to consider building wake effects: n
Appendix 11-11
-------
Enttr th« height of tht pollutant Mission in Mttrs: htlp
This if tht htight abovt ground in Mttrs of tht pollutant
Mission. For voliat sourcts, this is tht htight to tht
ctnttr of tht sourct.
Enttr tht htight of tht pollutant Mission in Mttrs: 40
Entir tht 2nd Mission typt naat:
Enttr tht souret cattgory MM:
•-* MTDUN6 ISC SOURCES UITH ISC SITES •-#
Currtnt sitt: elutt tnas
Enttr a sourct cattgory for this sitts htlp
Sptcify a sourct cattgory that applits to tht currant sitt.
You tay sptcify tort than ont by typing a sourct cattgory tach
tiM it is rtqutttid. Prass RETURN* to signal you art finishtd.
Typt LIST to obtain a listing of sourct cattoorits tnttrtd.
Enttr a sourct cattgory for this sitti plant b
Enttr tht lit PROCESS (Stack) Mission strtngths 1.0
Enttr a sourct catnory for this sittt
*-* ISC OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS *-*
Do you Hish to savt tht ISC Mdtl outputi y
Enttr tht titlt for tht ISC todtl output: Missions
Sptcify tht input data to bt printtd in tht ISC todtl outputi htlp
Typt NONE (N) to indicatt that no input data art to bt printtd
in tht ISC Mdtl output flit. Typt DM IP to print tht control
parMttirs, rtctptor and ttttorological data. Typt SOURCE (S)
to print tht covet input data. Typt fill (Pi) to indicatt §11
input data art to bt printtd in tht IX sodtl output fill.
Sptcify tht input data to bt printtd in tht ISC tootl outputs all
Appendix 11-12
-------
*-* SflK POSTPROCESSING
of tht exposure calculations do you Mitt to estieate: htlp
Typf EXPOSURE, ifUflLflTION exposure, BOTH, or IOC. tasponding BOTH -ill
givt one table of both exposure and inhalation exposure results. Respond
NONE for no exposure or inhalation exposure tables.
Which of the exposure calculations do you Hani to estiute: none
Do you want to estiute excess lifetiee risk: htlp
Type YES if you want excess lifttit* risk estimations. Type NO,
or press HE71UN, if you do not want risk estieations.
Do you Hint to estimate excess lifetiee risks n
Do you want to save the concentration files: y
SPJGIN session completed
MENU: GEMS Ataospheric Node ling Subiystei
1. 6PJ6 interface
2. eflNSeodil Ml
3. 6M6 UTILities
Enter an option nueter or a procedure MM (in parentheses)
or a coeawid: t€LP, KLP option, BRCK, OEM, EXIT, TUTOR
?2
The studynan you Mill enter should correspond oith a studynae*
fron the following list
(GPJ6IN)
(6PJ6RW)
(GMGUTIL)
S»6 S7I0Y NflKS
00
CUTE
TEXAS
1
OCN1 CIWY - 1
COflEX 1
1
1
Enter the studyneae for this SMS runt clute
Enter 60 to run 6RNBi go
Job 6MB (punt SYSfMTDV entry 1295) started on SYSfMTCH
MENU* SENS ftteospheric Modeling Subsyttea
1. 8MB interface
2. BMBeadtl MM
1 SMBUTILitiM
Enter an option nuaber or a procedure neat (in pai'entheses)
or a coeaand: HELP, HELP option, BRCX, CLEM, HIT, TUTOI
(6RHSIN)
(BflMSUD
(BMBUTIU
Job 9PJ6 (aura SYStSffTDi, mtry 1295) co^leted
Appendix n-13
-------
lilt
Typt YES or NO to confirm tht EXIT
'y
I dir ttxas*. *;*
Dirtctory DBflfi: CEEDVER1J
TEXAS.BWJN;! TElftS.U»;l TEXAS.UJ6;!
TEWS. SOURCES;! TEXAS001.ISC;! TEXASOl.BAW;!
TEXASISC01.CONC?! TEXPSISCEMLOMC;! TEXASTOT.CONC;!
TEXAS.S1TES;1
TEXASISC001.0UT;!
Total of 11
• typt tn«001.
SITE 001 - clutt tiro - EMISSIONS
12200323300 0-7-8-9 00100
1 0 30 16 0 1 6 6 16 0
166.67 33133 500.00 666.67 833.33
2000.00 2333.33 2666.67 3000.00 3333.33
4666.67 5000.00 6666.67 833133 10000.00
1833133 21666.67 25000.00 3333134 41666.67
0. 22.50
<7»,6f7.5)
N A 0.000020.000110.000000.000000.000000.00000
NNE A 0.000010.000070.000000.000000.000000.00000
NE A 0.000040.000050.000000.000000.000000.00000
ENE A 0.000010.000070.000000.000000.000000.00000
E A 0.(NX)030.000160.000000.000000.000000.00000
ESE A 0.000050.000110.000000.000000.000000.00000
SE A 0.000030.000180.000000.000000.000000.00000
SSE A 0.000060.000180.000000.000000.000000.00000
S A 0. (100050.000110.000000. 000000.000000.00000
SSU A 0.000010.000090.000000.000000.000000.00000
SU A 0.000090.000000.000000.000000.000000.00000
USU A 0.000040.000090.000000.000000.000000.00000
U A 0.000010.000050.000000. OOOOOCL 000000.00000
UNU A 0.000010.000090.000000.000000.000000.00000
NU A 0.000060.000180.000000.000000.000000.00000
NNU A 0.000040.000090.000000.000000.000000.00000
N B 0.000490.001440.001390.000000.000000.00000
NNE B 0.000210.000840.000820.000000.000000.00000
NE B 0.000320.000970.000900.000000.000000.00000
ENE B 0.000110.000320.000370.000000.000000.00000
E B 0.0002BO. 000800.001280.000000.000000.00000
ESE B 0.000320*001070.001990.000000.000000.00000
SE B 0.000390.001140.002440.000000.000000.00000
SSE B 0.000210.000790.001830.000000.000000.00000
S B 0.000940.001460.003190.000000.000000.00000
SSU B 0.000290.000410.000660.000000.000000.00000
SU B 0.000330.000390.000210.000000.000000.00000
USU B 0.000040.000230.000090.000000.000000.00000
U B 0.000370.000970.000320.000000.000000.00000
UNU B 0.000250.000660.000320.000000.000000.00000
NU B 0.000190.000430.000300.000000.000000.00000
NNU B 0.000160.000300.000180.000000.000000.00000
1000.00
3666.67
11666.67
50000.00
1333.33 1666.67
4000.00 4333.33
13333.33 15000.00
Appcadix D-14
-------
N C 0.000250.001370.006600.001320.000160.00000
*€ C 0.000140.000660.004250.000690.000070.00000
NE C 0.000260.000780.003590.000330.000050.00000
EJC C 0.000120.000430.002100.000660.000140.00000
ECO. 000120. OOOB90.006940.003110.000250.00002
ESE C 0.000130.001000.009730.004160.000270.00000
SE C 0.000120.001210.010600.004490.0004M. 00002
SSE C 0.000170.000600.007740.0036BO.000340.00000
S C 0.000290.001260.012700.007B60.001100.00002
SSU C 0.000060.000620.003520.003400.001560.00005
SU C 0.000140.000340.001320.000570.000320.00000
USU C 0.000090.000370.000940.000110.000000.00000
U C 0.000170.000*10.001300.000160.000000.00005
UNH C 0.000080.000500.001530.000160.000020.00002
NU C 0.000060.000640.001460.000180.000160.00011
MM C 0.000060.000550.001350.000230.000110.00005
N 0 0.000450.002310.009550.022490.013610.00525
MC 0 0.000230.001300.006360.017450.010280.00329
NE 0 0.000420.0017*0.014070.019460.006330.00123
ENE 0 0.000260.001370.010250.014590.006370.00121
E 0 0.000460.003010.017490.021630.006100.00130
ESE 0 0.000320.003010.022700.033050.006300.00121
SE 0 0.000470.002630.028590.037750.006070.00089
SSE 0 0.000180.001260.019570.030150.005410.00046
S D 0.000580.002100.021810.041110.006500.00037
SSU 0 0.000170.000960.006170.017010.004610.00037
SU D 0.000810.000820.005320.009000.008380.00055
USU D 0.000140.000370.002310.002470.000660.00011
U D 0.000250.000660.008560.003360.000910.00030
MM D 0.000060.000660.003200,004750.002280.00075
NU D 0.000210.000640.004250.009930.005320.001%
NNU D 0.000090.000460.003150.007670.006420.00386
N E 0.000000.001940.003450.000000.000000.00000
MC E 0.000000.000940.002670.000000.000000.00000
MI E 0.000000.002630.006330.000000.000000.00000
EMI E 0.000000.001780.002670.000000.000000.00000
E E 0» 000000.003320.004860.000000.000000.00000
ESE E 0.000000.003770.009820. OCIOOOO. 000000.00000
SE E 0.0000^ 003240.014910.000000. OMOOO. 00000
SSE E 0.000000.002060.011760.000000.000000.00000
S E 0.000000.003560.022970.000000.000000.00000
SSU E 0.000000.001070.009130.000000.000000.00000
SU E 0.000000.001510.006310,000000.000000.00000
USU E 0.000000. OOOWO. 003170.000000.000000.00000
H E 0.000000.000780.003770.000000.000000.00000
UMi E 0.000000.000710.002260.000000.000000.00000
NU E 0.000000.001050.004270.000000.000000.00000
NNU E 0.000000.000480.002120.000000.000000.00000
N F 0.002330,002740. OOOW. 000000.000000.00000
MC F 0.001340.001780.000000.000000.000000.00000
MI F 0.002390.002560.000000.000000.000000.00000
EMI F 0.001370.001990.000000.000000.000000.00000
Appradiz IMS
-------
E F 0.003J70.003850.000000.000000.000000.00000
ESE F 0.002090.003430.000000.000000.000000.00000
SE F 0.003040.004840.000000.000000.000000.00000
SSE F O.W1440.003040.000000.000000.000000.00000
S F 0.003870.006690.000000.000000.000000.00000
SSU F 0.002070.003490.000000.000000.000000.00000
SU F 0.0042.0(>4750.
-------
ISCLT iiiiiiiiiiiii SITE 001 - cluti ttxu - EMISSIONS
- ISCLT INPUT DATA -
NUMBER OF SOURCES * 1
NUMBER OF X MIS BRIO SYSTEM POINTS > 30
NUMBER OP Y AXIS GRID SYSTEM POINTS • 16
NUMBER OF SPECIAL POINTS * 0
NUMBER OF SEASONS « 1
NJKR Of MIND SPEED CLASSES * 6
NUMBER OF STABILITY CLASSES « 6
NUMBER OF MIND DIRECTION CLASSES • 16
PILE NUMBER OF DATA FILE USED FOR REPORTS • 1
Tt€ PROGRAM IS RUN IN RURAL MODE
CONCENTRATION (DEPOSITION) UNITS CONVERSION FACTOR 4.10000000EX>7
ACCELERATION OF SRAVITY
-------
ISCLT
*»#* SITE 001 - clutt ttxas ' EMISSIONS
- ISCLT INPUT DflTfl (CGNT.) -
PflGE
- FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WIND SPEED, DIRECTION WD STflBILITY -
SEASON 1
STflBILITY CATEGORY 1
UIMD SPEED UINDSPEED WIND SPEED
CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3
UIND SPEED HIND SPEED HIND SPEED
CATEGORY 4 CATEGORY 5 CATEGORY 6
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
0.000
22.500
45.000
67.500
90.000
112.500
135.000
157.500
180.000
202.500
225.000
247.500
270.000
292.500
315.000
337.500
{ 0.7300lf>S)(
0.00002000
0.00001000
0.00004000
0.00001000
0* 00003000
0.00005000
0.00003000
0.00006000
0.00005000
0.00001000
0.00005000
0.00004000
0.00001000
0.00001000
0.00006000
0.00004000
2.5000*5)
0.00011000
0.00007000
0.00005000
0.00007000
0.00016000
0.00011000
0.00018000
0.00018000
0.00011000
0.00005000
0.00000000
0.00005000
0.00005000
0.00005000
0.00018000
0.00005000
( 4.3000*3)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
( 6. 3000*3) <
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0*00000000
0. 00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
9.5000*3)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0*00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
(12.5000*5)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0* 00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0. 00000000
0. 00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
SEASON i
STflBILITY CflTEBWLgL__.
UIND SPEED WIND SPEED HIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIND SPEED
CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY I CATEGORY 3 CATEGORY 4 CATEGORY 5 CATEGORY 6
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
0.000
22.500
45.000
67.500
90.000
112.500
133.000
157.500
180.000
208.500
225.000
247.500
270.000
298.500
315.000
337.500
( 0. 7300*3) (
0.00049000
0.00021000
0.00032000
0.00011000
0.00028000
0.00032000
0. 00035000
0.00021000
0.00053999
0.00029000
0.00033000
0.00004000
0.00037000
0.00023000
0.00019000
0.00016000
2.5000*5)
0.00143999
0.00083999
0.00036999
0.00032000
0.00079999
0.00106999
0.00113999
0.00074999
0.00147998
0.00041000
0.00039000
0.00023000
0.00056999
0.00065999
0.00043000
0.00030000
( 4. 3000*5) (
0.00134999
0.00081999
0.00049999
0.00037000
0.00127999
0.00154998
0.00843998
0.00188998
0.00314997
0.00063999
0.00021000
0.00009000
0.00032000
0.00032000
0.00030000
0.00018000
6. 8000*5) (
0. 00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
9.5000*5)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0. OOOOOQOO
0.00000000
0.00000000
0. 00000000
0*00000000
0*00000000
0*00000000
0*00000000
0. 00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0. 00000000
0.00000000
(12.5000*5)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0* 00000000
0* 00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0. 00000000
0.00000000
Appendix 11-18
-------
ISO.T
iini SITE 001 - clutt
- EMISSIONS
- ISCLT
DflTfl
- FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF MIND SPEED, DIRECTION &$ STflBILlTY -
SEASON 1
STABILITY CATEGORY 3
UIKD SPEED «» SPEED UIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIND SPEED HIND SPEED
CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY I CATEGORY 3 CATEGORY 4 CATEGORY 5 CATEGORY 6
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
0.000
22.300
45.000
67.500
90.000
112. SOO
135.000
157.500
180.000
302.500
225.000
247.500
270.000
292.500
315.000
337.500
( 0. 7500*3) < 2.5000*3)
0.00025000
0.00014000
0.00026000
0.00012000
0.00012000
0.00013000
0.00012000
0.00017000
0.00029000
0.00006000
0.00014000
0.00009000
0.00017000
0.00008000
0.00006000
0.00006000
0.00136999
0.00065999
0.00077999
0.00043000
0.00068999
0.00099999
0.00120999
0.00079999
0.00127999
0.00061999
0.00034000
0.00037000
0.00041000
0.00049999
0.00063999
0.00054999
( 4.3000*3) ( 6.8000*3) < 9. 5000*3) (12. 5000*5)
0.00659993
0.00424996
0.00358996
0.00209998
0.00693993
0.00972990
0.01059989
0.00773992
0.01269987
0.00351996
0.00131999
0.00093999
0.00129999
0.00152998
0.00145999
0.00134999
SEASON 1
0.00131999
0.00068999
0.00054999
0.00065999
0.00310997
0.00415996
0.00444995
0.00367996
0.00785992
0.00339997
0.00056999
0.00011000
0.00016000
0.00016000
0.00018000
0.00023000
0.00016000
0.00007000
0* 00005000
0.00014000
0.00025000
0.00027000
0.00048000
0.00034000
0.00109999
0.00157998
0.00032000
0.00000000
0* 00000000
0*00002000
0.00016000
0.00011000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00002000
0.00000000
0.00002000
0*00000000
0.00002000
0*00009000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0. QOOOSOOO
0.00002000
0.00011000
0* 00000000
STflBILlTY CATEGORY 4
UIND SPEED HIKD SPEED UIND SPEED VIM SPEED UIND SPEED MNP SPEED
CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3 CATEGORY 4 CATEGORY 5 CATEGORY 6
DIRECTION
(DESREES)
0.000
£.500
45.000
67.500
90.000
112.500
135.000
137.500
180.000
202.500
225.000
247.500
270.000
292.500
315.000
337.500
( 0. 7500*3) ( 2.5000*3) < 4.3000*3) (
0.00045000
0.00023000
0.00042000
0.00026000
0.00046000
0.00032000
0.00047000
0.00018000
0.00057999
0.00017000
0.00021000
0.00014000
0.00025000
0.00008000
0.00021000
0.00009000
0.00230998
0.00129999
0.00177998
0.00136999
0.00300997
0.00300997
0.00262997
0.00125999
0.00209998
0.00095999
0.00081999
0.00037000
0.00065999
0.00065999
0.00083999
0.00046000
0.00954990
0.00835992
0.01406986
0.01024990
0.01748982
0.02269977
0.02858971
0.01956980
0.02180978
0.00616994
0.00531995
0.00230998
0.00255997
0.00319997
0.00424996
0.00314997
6. 8000*3) (
0.02248977
0.01744982
0.01945980
0.01458985
0.02162978
0.03304967
0.03774961
0.03014969
0.04110958
0.01700983
0.00699991
0.00246998
0.00335997
0.00474995
0.00992990
0.00766992
9.5000*3)
0.01360966
0.01027990
0.00632994
0.00636994
0.00609994
0.00629994
0.00606994
0.00540995
0.00849991
0.00460995
0.00237998
0.00065999
0.00090999
0.00227998
0.00531995
0.00641993
(12.5000*3)
0.00524995
0.00328997
0.00122999
0.00120999
0.00129999
0.00120999
0.00088999
0.00048000
0.00037000
0.00037000
0.00054999
0.00011000
0.00030000
0.00074999
0.00195998
0.00389996
Appendix 11-19
-------
ISCLT Hiiiiiiuiii SITE 001 - clutt t»xa» - EMISSIONS
INPUT DflTfl (CONT.) -
- FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WIND SPEED, DIRECTION AND STABILITY -
SEASON 1
STflBILITY CflTEBORY 3
WIND SPEED WIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIM> SPEED WIND SPEED
CflTEBORY 1 CflTEBORY 2 CBTEBORY 3 CflTEBORY 4 CflTEBORY 5 CflTEBORY 6
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
0.000
2.500
45.000
67.500
30.000
112.500
135.000
157.500
180.000
202.500
225.000
247.500
270.000
292.500
315.000
237.500
( 0.7900WS)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
( 2.3000MPSH
0.00193998
0.00093999
0.00262997
0.00177998
0.003519%
0.00376996
0.00323997
0.00207998
0.00359996
0.00106999
0.00157998
0.00068999
0.00077999
0.00070999
0.00104999
0.00048000
4.3000WS)
0.00344997
0.00266997
0.00632994
0.00266997
0.00485995
0.00981990
0.01490985
0.01179968
0.02296977
0.00912991
0.00830992
0.00316997
0.00376996
0.00225998
0.00426996
0.00211998
( 6.8000KPSH
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0*00000000
0*00000000
Q OOOOOOOQ
0* 00000000
0*00000000
0.00000000
0*00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
9.5000W*)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0 00000000
0* 00000000
Of 00000000
0*00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
U2.5000MPS)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0* 00000000
0,00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
STABILITY CflTEBORY 6
UIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIND SPEED
CATEGORY 1 CflTEBORY 2 CflTEBORY 3 CATEBQRV 4 CflTEBORY 5 . CflTESOflY 6
DIRECTION
(DEGREES)
0.000
22.500
45.000
67.500
90.000
112.500
139.000
157.500
130.000
202.500
225.000
247.500
270.000
292.500
319.000
337.500
( 0.7500HPS)
0.00232998
0.00133999
0.00238998
0.00136999
0.00336997
0.00208998
0.00303997
0.00143999
0.00386996
0.00206996
0.00419996
0.00220998
0.00183998
0.00149999
0.00148998
0.00091999
( 2.5000NPS)
0.00273997
0.00177998
0.00299997
0.00198998
0.00364996
0.00342997
0.00483995
0.00303997
0.00668993
0.00348996
0.00474999
0.00200998
0.00234998
0.00189998
0.00266997
0.00099999
( 4.3000NP3)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0* 00000000
Ot 00000000
0*00000000
0.00000000
0*00000000
0* 00000000
0*00000000
0.00000000
0*00000000
0*00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
( 6.8000MPS)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
( 9.5000WS)
0.00000000
0*00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0* 00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0* 00000000
0.00000000
0. 00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
(12.5000NPS)
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
o* oooooooo
o. oooooooo
0.00000000
0* OOOOOOOO
0*00000000
0.00000000
0*00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0.00000000
0* OOOOOOOO
0.00000000
Appendix 11*20
-------
t#** ISCLT imiiiiiiiii SITE 001 - cltttc tnas - EMISSIONS niiiiii PAGE
IKPUTOATA CCONT.} -
- VERTIGO. POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE SRADIEMT (DEGREES KELVIN/CTER) -
WIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIND SPEED HIND SPEED UIND SPEED UIMD SPEED
CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY Z CATEGORY 3 CATEGORY 4 CATEGORY 5 CATEGORY 6
STABILITY CATEGORY 10. 010.200000EH}i0.aOOOOOEH)i0.20000
-------
**** istLT iiniiiiiiiu SITE 001 - clutt tiu»
- EMISSIONS
PAGE
g t*»*
- SOURCE INPUT DATA -
C T SOURCE SOURCE X
A fl NUMBER TYPE COORDINATE
R P (M>
0 E
Y EMISSION BASE /
COORDINATE HEIGHT ELEV- /
(M) (M) ATION /
(M) /
- SOURCE DETAILS DEPENDING ON TYPE -
1011 STACK 0.00 0.00 40.00 0.00 6AS EXIT TEMP (DEB K)> 300.00, SAS EXIT \CL («/SEC)= 12.00,
STACK DIAMETER (N)» 0.900, HEIGHT OF ASSO. BLD6. (M)> 0.00, UIOTH OF
BLD6. (M)> 0.00, UAKE EFFECTS FLAB » 0
- SOURCE STRENGTHS ( SHAMS PER SEC )-
SEASON 1 SEASON 2 SEASONS SEASON 4
l.OOOOOE+00
Appendix 11-22
-------
**** ISCLT
mini SITE 001 - clutt texts
- EMISSIONS
PAGE
** ANNUAL GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION ( MICR06RAMS PER CUBIC METER
- SRID SYSTEM RECEPTORS -
- X AXIS (RANGE , METERS) -
166.670 333.330 500.000 666.670 833.330
Y AXIS (AZIMUTH BEARING, DEGREES ) - CONCENTRATION -
) DUE TO SOURCE 1011
1000.000 1333.330 1666.670 2000.000
337,900
315. COO
292.500
270.000
247.500
225.000
202.500
180.000
157.500
135.000
112.500
90.000
67.500
45.000
> 22. 500
0.000
Y AXIS (AZIMUTH
337.500
315.000
292.500
270.000
247.500
223.000
202.500
180.000
157.500
135.000
112.500
90.000
67.500
45.000
» 22. 500
0.000
0. 1312E-01
0.1662E-01
0.1194E-01
0. 1072E-01
0.3760E-02
0.4726E-02
0.6319E-08
0.1146E-01
0.263BE-02
0.5832E-02
0.398BE-02
0.3730E-02
0.20S3E-02
0.2162E-02
0.5360E-02
0. 1354E-01
2333.330
0.1379E+00
0.1841E+00
0. 1572E+00
0.1206E+00
0.4255E-01
0.6609E-01
0.7736E-01
0.12fl2E+00
0.3245E-01
0.4313E-01
0.3945E-01
0.3649E-01
0. 1996E-01
0.3627E-01
0.7946E-01
0.2361E+00
2666.670
0.2406E+00
0.3245E«00
0.2B24E«00
0.2130E+00
0.9604E-01
0.1418E+00
0. 1431E400
0.2214E+00
0.65&3E-01
0.775BE-01
0.62B9E-01
0.5718E-01
0.324BE-01
0.7167E-01
0.13S4E400
0.38S1EXX)
- X
3000* 000
BEARING, DECREES >
0.1409E+00
0.19546+00
0.1654E400
0.1272E-KX)
0.73Z7E-01
0.104S+00
0.8046E-01
0.1131E+00
0.39366-01
0.5261E-01
0.3315E-01
0.3323E-01
0.25B4E-01
0.62S2E-01
0.8028E-01
0.2117E+00
0. 1207E+00
0. 1681E-KW
0.1418E«00
0.1100E+00
0.6328E-01
0.90SS-01
o.saaiE-01
0.3654E-01
0.3369E-01
0.459BE-01
0.2903E-01
0.2S57E-01
0.234SE-01
0.5632E-01
0.6379E-01
0.1829E+00
0.1048E400
0.1466E-KX)
0.1232E+00
0.9639E-C1
O.S533E-01
0.7940E-01
0.596aE-01
0.8415E-01
0.2924E-01
0.4067E-01
0.2S77E-01
0.2661E-01
0.21S4E-01
O.S120E-01
0.6144E-01
0.1600E+00
CL2947£*00
0.3994E+00
0.3470E«00
0.2608E+00
0.1333£*00
0.1911E-KW
0.1779E*00
0.2621E«00
0.83B1E-01
O.S756E-01
0.7151E-01
0.63S2E-0!
0.3B3SE-01
0.333SE-01
0.16JgE+00
0.4470E«00
0.30S4EH1CI .
0.4165E«00
0.360S+00
0.2707E400
0.1469E+00
0.2075E+00
0.1839E400
0.2S44E400
0.8759E-01
O.J032EXW
0.7132E-01
0.6332E-01
0.4137E-01
0. 101BE+00
0. 1676E+00
0.4538E«00
GRID SYSTEM Rttwiuws -
AXIS (RPNGE , METERS) -
3333.330 3666.670
.-0^94X«00
0.4012E+00
0.34606+00
0.239SE+00
0.1444E+00
0.2042E+00
0.174fl£+00
0.24A4E«00
0.83BX-01
0.1003E+00
0.6709E-01
0.6097E-01
0.4H5E-01
0.1021E+00
0.160X400
0.4323E+00
4000.000
^.2«2EK)C
0.3328E«X>
0.2854E400
0.2149E+00
0.1224E+00-
0.1730E+00
0.1421E+00
0.2000E+00
0.6871E-01
0.8489E-01
0.5477E-01
0.5123E-01
0.3635E-01
0.9022E-01
0.1330E+00
0.3373E+00
4333.330
0.2002£tOO
0.2751E+00
0.2348E+00
0.1777E+00
0. 1021E+00
0.1444E+00
0.1156E+00
0.1623E+00
0.5622E-01 .
0.7150E-01
0.4538E-01
0.4360E-01
0.3206E-01
0.7913E-01
0.1108E+00
0.2959E+00
4666.670
0. 15c9E-K!C
0.2304E+00
0.1958E+00
0. 1493E+00
0.8602E-01
0. 1224E+00
0.9570E-01
0. 1343E+00
0.4670E-01
0.6102E-01
0.3850E-01
0.3788E-OI
0.287SE-01
0.7020E-01
0.3374E-01
0.2487E+00
5000.000
* CONCENTRATION -
0.9203E-01
0.1292E-KW
0.1063E-HDO
0.8S36E-01
0.4889E-01
0.703X-01
O.S233E-01
0.7401E-01
0.2569E-01
0.3627E-01
0.2306E-01
0.2406E-01
0.1977E-01
0.4667E-01
O.S460E-01
0. 141SE+00
0.8163E-01
0.1149E400
0.9610E-01
0.7625E-01
0.4358E-01
0.6287E-01
0.4646E-01
0.6572E-01
0.2277E-01
0.3260E-01
0.2081E-01
0.2191E-01
0.1824E-01
0.427%-Oi
0.4893E-01
0. 1262+00
0.7311E-01
0.102E+00
O.K13E-01
0.6B81E-01
0.39EX-01
0.5665E-01
0.4161E-01
0.5B98E-01
0.2040E-01
0.2957E-01
0.1896E-01
0.2012E-01
0.1694E-01
0.3S32E-01
0.44Z7E-01
0.1136E+00
0.65S3E-01
0.9332E-01
0.7773E-01
0.6249E-01
0.3S94E-01
0.5142E-01
0.3755E-01
0.3331E-01
0.1841E-01
0.2699E-01
0.1737E-01
0.1857E-01
0.1580E-01
0.3666c-01
0.4030E-01
0.1030E+00
0.5985E-01
0.8494E-01
0.7061E-01
0.5711E-01
0.3240E-01
0.4696E-01
0.3411E-01
0.4851E-01
0. 1672E-01
0.2477E-01
0. 1601E-01
0.1722E-01
0. 1478E-01
0.3415E-01
0.3692E-01
0.9400E-01
0.5466E-01
0.7776E-01
0.64S2E-01
0.524BE-01
0.2971E-01
0.4313E-01
0.3117E-01
0.4440E-01
0. 1527E-01
0.2285E-01
0. 1483E-01
0. 1603E-01
0. 1386E-01
0.3194E-01
0.3399E-0!
0.8624E-OJ
Appendix n-23
-------
**** ISCLT
SITE 001 - clut* t*xas
- EMISSIONS
muni
** ANNUAL SROUND l£VEL CONCENTRATION ( MICRDBRAKS PER CUBIC METER
- GRID SYSTEM RECEPTORS -
- I MIS (RANEE , METERS) -
6666.670 8332.330 10000.000 11666.670 13333.330
Y AXIS (AZIICTH BEARING, DEBREES ) - CONCENTRATION -
) DUE TO SOURCE 1011 CCONT.) **
13000.000 18333.330 31666.670 25000.000
337.300
315.000
292.500
270.000
2*7.300
225.000
202.500
180.000
157.500
135.000
112.500
90.000
67.500
45.000
22.500
0.000
0.3711E-01
0.5335E-01
0.4393E-01
0.3660E-01
0.2050E-01
0.2996E-01
0.2125E-01
0.3049E-01
0.1040E-01
0.1619E-01
0. 1068E-01
0.1173E-01
0. 1053E-01
0.2383E-01
0.2390E-01
0.5370E-01
0.2732E-01
0.335BE-01
0.3241E-01
0.2748E-01
0.1526E-01
0.2243E-01
0.1571E-01
0.2266E-01
0.7676E-02
0.122SE-01
0.32106-02
0.9179E-02
O.S350E-02
0. 1872E-01
0. 1804E-01
0.4453E-01
0.2119E-01
0.3068E-01
0.2318E-01
0.2164E-01
0. 1134E-01
0.1762E-01
0. 1222-01
0.1772E-01
0.5967E-02
0.972X-02
0.6588E-02
0.7433E-02
0.6845E-02
0.1S24E-01
0.1427E-01
0.34971-01
t
0.1711E-01
0.2S05E-01
0.2036E-01
0.1769E-01
0.9705E-02
0. 1437E-01
0.9906E-02
0.1441E-0!
0.4B28E-02
0.7995E-02
0.5462E-02
0.6203E-02
O.S762E-02
0.1276E-01
0.1159E-01
0.2B49E-01
WM*«* fmniiMM *M
0. 1422E-01
0.2090E-01
0.1694E-01
0. 1485E-01
0.8111E-02
0.1204E-01
O.B25BE-02
0.1205E-01
0.4021E-02
0.6742E-02
0.4640E-02
0.5296E-02
0.4953E-02
0.1093E-01
0.9842£-02
0.238SE-01
0. 1306E-01
0.1779E-01
0.143BE-01
0. 1270E-01
0.691 IE-OS
0.1028E-01
0.7021E-02
0.1027E-01
0.3A15E-02
0.5787E-02
0.4006E-02
0.4594E-02
0.4319E-02
0.9496E-02
0.8436E-02
0.203SE-01
0.9102E-02
0.1350E-01
0. 1087E-01
0.9716E-02
0.52S2E-02
0.7844E-02
0. 53191-02
0.7818E-02
0.25B4E-02
0.4453E-02
0.3U5E-02
0.3S93E-02
0.3405E-02
0.7452E-02
0.6476E-02
0.1552E-01
0.7210E-02
0. 1073E-01
0.8623E-02
0.7778E-02
0.4181E-02
0.6265E-02
0.422SE-02
0.6234E-02
0.2050E-02
0.3581E-02
0.2S25E-02
0.2927E-02
0.2790E-02
0.6083E-02
0.5201E-02
0. 1240E-01
0.5917E-02
0.8837E-02
0.7082E-02
0.643SE-02
0.3442E-02
0.5173E-02
0.3472E-02
0.5141E-02
0. 16B4E-02
0.2973E-02
. 0.2110E-02
0.2456E-02
0.2351E-02
0.51 HE-OS
0.4317E-02
0. 10251-01
33333.340 41666.672
Y AXIS (AZIMUTH SEARING, DEGREES )
- X AXIS (RANGE , METERS)
50000.000
- CONCEKTRATION •
337. SCO
315.000
232.500
270.000
247.500
225.000
202.500
180.000
:57.500
135.000
112.500
90.000
67.500
45.000
22.500
0.000
0. 3935E-02
0.6001E-02
0.47B9E-02
0.4410E-02
0.233E-02
0.3530E-02
0. 2352-02
0.350SE-02
0.1138E-02
0.2048E-02
0.1473E-02
0.172£E-02
0.1684E-02
0.2537E-02
0.2975E-08
0.7012E-02
0.2SS2EHK
0.4467E-02
0.35SSE-02
0.3304E-02
0.1737E-02
0.2636E-02
0.1748E-02
0.2S18E-02
0.8446E-03
0.1340E-C2
0.1117E-02
0.1315E-02
0.1272E-02
C.2741EHD2
0.2238E^2
0.5248E-02
0.2326E-02
0.3517E-02
0.2793E-02
0.2612E-02
0.1366£^2
0.20BOE-02
0.1374E-08
0.2063EHD2
0.fifi32E-03
0.1222E-02
0.8919E-03
0.1054E-02
0.1024E-02
0.2198E-02
0.17771-02
0.4152EH32
Appendix 11-24
-------
ISCLT *****«**««*««
- ciute texas
- EMISSIONS
mum PAGE
** ANNUAL GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION ( MICROGRAMS PER CUBIC KETER
- GRID SYSTEM RECEPTORS -
- X AXIS (RANGE , KETERS) -
166.670 333.330 500.000 666.670 833.330
Y AXIS (AZIMUTH BEARING, DEGREES ) - CONCENTRATION -
) FROM ALL SOURCES COMBINED
1000.000
1333.330 1686.670 2000.000
337.500
315.000
292.500
270.000
247.500
225.000
202.500
180.000
157.500
135.000
112.500
30.000
67.500
45.000
22.500
0.000
0.1312E-OI
0. 1662E-01
0.1194E-01
0. 1072EHJ1
0.3760E-02
0.47E6E-02
0.6919E-02
0.1146E-01
0.2638E-02
0. 58322-02
C.3988E-02
0.3730E-02
0.2053E-02
0.2162E-02
0.53606 -02
0. 1934E-01
0.1379E+00
0. 1841E+00
0.1372E+00
0.1206E+00
0.4235E-01
0.6609E-01
0.7736E-01
0.12S2E+00
0.3245E-01
0.4313E-01
0.3945E-01
0.3549E-01
0.1996E-01
0.3627E-01
0.7946E-01
0.2361E*00
0.2406E+00
0.3245E+00
0.2S24E400
0.2130E+00
0.9604E-01
0. 1418E+00
0. 1431E+00
0.2214E+00
0.6563E-01
0.775BE-01
0.6283E-01
0.5718E-01
0.3248E-01
0.7167E-01
C.1384E+00
0.3831E+00
t
0.2947E+00
0.3994E«00
0.3470E400
0.260flE+00
0.133BE-HX)
0.1311E-KX>
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0.2S21E-HX)
0.83B1E-01
0.97S6E-01
0.7151E-01
0.6332E-01
0.3839E-01
0.9335E-01
0.1633E+00
0.4470E+00
*M«* <•»•<> ••%J M
0.3064E«00
O.A163E+00
0.3605E+00
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0.2075E+00
0.183X^00
0.2644E-HX)
0.875SE-01
0.1032E+00
0.7132E-01
0.6332E-01
0.4137E-01
0. 1018£*00
0. 1676E-H30
0.453BE+00
0.2343E+00
0.4012E400
0.3460E^OO
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O.l7*a£t00
0.2484E+00
0.83BX-01
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0. 1021E+00
0. 1603E400
0.432SE-KX)
0.2432E«00
0.332BE400
0.28S4E+00
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0.1224E+00
0.1730E-KX)
0.1421E+00
0.2000E«00
0.6871E-01
0.&4flSE-01
0.5477E-01
0.51231-01
0.3635E-01
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0. 13306 *OC
0.3573E*00
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0.2348EXX)
0.1777E+00
0. 1021E«00
0.1448E+00
0.11S6EXX)
0.1623£*00
0.5622E-01
0.7150E-01
0.453BE-01.
0.4360E-01
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0.7313E-01
0.1108E^OO
0. 2359E'*00
0. 1669E«-
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0.195BE*
0. 1493E*
0.8602E-
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0.3350E-
0.3788E-
0.2875E-
0.7020E-
0.3374E-
0.24875^
2333.330 2666.670
Y AXIS (AZIXLTH BEARING, DEGREES )
- X AXIS (RANGE , METERS) -
3000.000 3333.330 3666.670
- CONCENTRATION -
4000.000 4333.330
4666.670
337.500
315.000
232.500
270.000
247.500
225.000
202.500
ISO. COO
157.500
135.000
112.500
90.000
67.500
45.000
22.500
0.000
0. 1409E+00
0.1954E+00
0.1654E-KK)
0. 1272E*00
0.7327E-01
0. 1045E+00
0.8048E-01
0.1131E+00
0.3S36E-01
0.5261E-01
0.3315E-01
0.3323E-01
0.25B4E-01
0.6252E-01
0.8028E-01
0.2117EXX)
0. 1207E-KJO
0.1661E«00
0. 141BE+00
0.1 1006+00
0.632BE-01
C.30SSE-01
0.6BB1E-01
0.36B4EH)!
0.3369E-01
0.4596E-01
0. 2302-01
0.2957E-01
0.2349E-01
O.S632E-01
0.6979E-01
0.18266+00
0.104BE+00
0.1466E+00
0.1232E+00
0.96336-01
C.5523E-01
0. 79406-01
0.5968E-01
O.S415E-01
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Appendix n-25
-------
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'""•' "'» END OF ISCLT PROGRflR, 1 SOURCES PROCESSED iminiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii*
t logoff
EEOVER1 logged out at 23-fEB-19S7 14:e3:14.959)2tz7*m
NO CARRIER
Appendix 11-24
-------
The Graphical Exposure Modeling System (GEMS) User's Guide is available upon
request.
Appendix 11-27
-------
Appendix ITL Technical Support for Permit Conditions
-------
Table of Contents
Page No
Appendix III: Technical Support for Permit Conditions ffl-1
1. Control Techniques and Removal Efficiencies ffl-1
1.1 Air Pollution Control Devices (APCDs) ffl-5
1.1.1 Electrostatic Precipitator ffl-5
1.1.2 Wet Electrostatic Precipitator ffl-7
1.1.3 Fabric Filter.(Baghouse) ffl-7
1.1.4 Quench Chamber ffl-9
1.1.5 Wet/Dry Scrubber (Spray Dryer) ffl-12
1.1.6 Venturi Scrubber ffl-13
1.2 APCD Efficiencies ffl-14
1.3 Metals Partitioning ffl-17
2. Sampling and Analysis Requirements ffl-19
-------
1. CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES
Many metals are of concern in hazardous waste incineration because of the possible
adverse human health effects associated with exposure to emissions of these elements
and/or their compounds from the stacks of the incinerators. Metals of primary interest are
arsenic (symbol: As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead
(Pb), mercury (Hg), antimony (Sb), silver (Ag), and thallium (Tl).
Incineration may change the form of the elements in waste streams, but it cannot
destroy them. Furthermore, incineration may result in the formation of compounds and/or
physical forms of the elements that may be more dangerous to human health than were the
original wastes. Most metals will leave an incinerator combustion zone as vapors, but
upon cooling will condense to form small particulates. Most particulates can be recovered
efficiently with proper APCDs, but if not recovered they will be released to the atmosphere
in the vicinity of the incineration facility. When inhaled by humans, these metals will settle
in the lungs, from which they will either pass into the blood stream as toxic agents, or
remain in the lungs as irritants or as carcinogens.
This section presents an overview of the various APCDs and treatment trains that
are applicable, including process descriptions, operating and maintenance information, and
ranges of metal-specific removal efficiencies.
The performance of APCDs depends on a number of incinerator design and
operating parameters, on the compatibility of APCDs to the process and pollutants to be
controlled, and on the specific performance requirements demanded by the process and
applicable air pollution control regulations. The process variables that must be considered
in evaluating the operation of the facility APCD system include:
• Gas flow;
• Inlet and outlet gas temperature;
• Liquid flow (in wet systems);
• Pressure drop across the unit;
• Physical and chemical properties of the gas;
• Paniculate concentration;
Appendix IIM
-------
. Paniculate size distribution;
. Physical and chemical properties of participates; and
• Emission levels of regulated pollutants.
In most cases this information may be best obtained from detailed emission evaluations
(trial bums).
Incineration equipment and APCDs should be visually inspected daily or weekly to
verify their operational status. Table HI-1 provides the recommended inspection and
maintenance frequency for common incineration equipment. Detailed inspections are
recommended on a much less frequent schedule as specified by the particular equipment
manufacturer. However, a specific piece of equipment may occasionally indicate a
particular problem. In this event, to comply with RCRA performance specifications, a
detailed inspection of the equipment components is necessary to prevent potential
component failure. Problems are generally manifested through a variety of performance
indicators. Table HI-2 provides a list of indicators of poor performance, the equipment
problems generally associated with these indicators, and the recommended maintenance and
troubleshooting procedures. Generally, if a facility is unable to correct the problems by
operational adjustment (within the limits of the operating permit), then the equipment may
require detailed inspection and possible repair. Appropriate troubleshooting and repairs
should be implemented to prevent a potential negative impact on operational safety and to
assure compliance with permit requirements. The types of inspection, maintenance, and
troubleshooting recommended in Tables EH-1 and EH-2, in most cases, require that the
incinerator facility be shut down.
Appendix III-2
-------
Table 111-1
Recommended Inspection and Maintenance Frequency
I&M Frequency
Operation and monitoring equipment
Emergency systems
Equipment/Parameters Calibration Inspection Service Alarms Waste Cutoffs
Incinerator Equipment - Daily (1)
Waste Feed/Fuel Systems (2) Daily (1)
O2 and CO Monitors Weekly Continuous (1)
Gas Flow Monitors:
Weekly Weekly
Weekly Weekly
• Direct gas velocity Weekly
• Indirect fan amps 6 Months
Other Incinerator -
Monitoring Equipment
(flame scanners, air
blowers, etc.)
APCE
APCE Support Systems
APCE Performance Weekly
Instrumentation
Continuous
Continuous
Daily
Weekly
Daily
Daily
(1)
-
(1)
(1)
0)
d)
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
-
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
-
Weekly
Weekly
(1) Equipment manufacturer recommendation.
(2) Equipment manufacturer recommendation or no less than monthly.
Sources: Acurex 1986.
Frankel 1987C.
Appendix III-3
-------
Table 111-2
General Maintenance and Troubleshooting Air Pollution Control Equipment
Equipment
Indicators
Problems
Hacommenaea maintenance
and troubleshooting
Quencher
Erratic outlet
temperature
Consistently high
outlet temperature
Venturi scrubber
Erratic pressure
differential
Absorption scrubber
Surging pressure
differential
(>10 percent)
Fabric filter
(baghouM)
Excessive pressure
differentia)
Partially plugged
nozzles
High variation in
incinerator feed
moisture
Low gas flow rate
(<30 ft/sec)
Water droplet impinging
on thermocouple
Plugged nozzles
Lower water flow rate and
high temperature
Excessive gas velocity
(>50 ft/sec)
Plugged nozzles
Erosion
Corrosion
Adjustable throat
diameter is too wide
Face velocity in excess
of 12 ft/sec
Plugged tray sections
Nonuniform scrubber
liquor distribution
Leaking seals
Localized plugging of
packing
Hole in the packing
Flooding
Excessive gas flow rat*
Bag binding (high dust
loadings)
Leaking air lock or
dampers
Faulty cleaning
mechanism
Excessive dust
accumulation in clean
side of bags
Inspect and replace plugged
nozzles
Control moisture feed to
incinerator
Increase gas flow rate to
design range
Relocate thermocouple; replace
defective nozzles
Inspect and replace plugged
nozzles
Calibrate water ftewmeter
to adjust for evaporation loss
Reduce gas flow rate
Inspect headers, flanges, and
nozzles
Reduce throat diameter and
adjust liquid flow rate
Inspect throat regularly for
deposits and wear
Inspect spray nozzles, water
flow rate weir boxes, and
downoomers for proper
operation and seals.
Inspect packing; adjust
caustic concentration to
15-20 percent
Decrease liquid flow rate
Check for plugging of packing
Reduce gas flowrate; check
bleed air
Inspect cleaning mechanism;
replace bags
Check proper temperature of
gaa to prevent condensation
Inspect for proper removal of
collected ash from hoppers
Appendix in-4
-------
Operation and performance monitoring instrumentation should also be subjected to
a routine inspection and maintenance program. This instrumentation includes liquid waste
flowmeter, water flowmeters, pH meters, CO, temperature, O2 continuous recorders,
differential pressure indicators, and opacity meters. The inspection of this equipment is
normally carried out on a continuous basis, because most are on-line monitors with
continuous response records. The maintenance program for this equipment includes
routine service and calibration activities. Service requirements are normally specified by
the manufacturer. Response and calibration check* should be performed daily since these
instruments are subject to drift and reduced sensitivity.
1.1 Air Pollution Control Devices (APCDs)
1.1.1 Electrostatic Preci pita tor
1.1.1.1 Process description
An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) removes particles from the flue gas stream by
imparting a negative electrical charge on the particles. The negatively charged particles are
attracted and retained by positively charged collection electrodes. The panicles are removed
from the electrodes into collection hoppers by rapping. The operation occurs within an
enclosed chamber, a high-voltage transformer and a rectifier provide the power input. The
chamber has a shell made of metal or Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic. Suspended within this
shell are the grounded collecting electrodes (plates). Suspended between the plates are the
discharge electrodes, which are negatively charged with voltages ranging from 20 to
100 kilovolts.
Several important gas stream and paniculate factors dictate how well an ESP will
collect a given paniculate matter. These factors include the following:
• Gas input velocity;
• Moisture content;
• Panicle size distribution;
• Panicle resistivity (partially temperature dependent);
• Collection plate area;
Appendix III-5
-------
• Electrode spacing and configuration; and
Voltage differential
Table ffl-3 presents normal ranges for the parameters affecting ESP efficiency.
Outside of these values, the unit will not be operating at its optimum collection efficiency.
Table 111-3
Normal Ranges for the parameters
Affecting ESP Efficiency
Parameter
Range
Gas input velocity
Particle size
Particle resistivity
Collection plate area to flow rat* ratio
Pressure drop
2-4tt/s
most effective for < 1(im particles
104-1010 ohm-cm
200 to > 600 ft2/! 000 dm
1.00 in
Source: Frankel, I. I987a (January 16).
1.1.1.2 Operation and maintenance
Proper maintenance of the unit is important to ensure that it is operating at peak
efficiency. According to a 1975 survey by the Air Pollution Control Association, the five
most common precipitator problem components (APCA 1978, as cited in Theodore and
Buonicore 1984) are as follows:
• Discharge electrodes;
• Ash removal system;
• Collection plates;
• Rappers; and
• Insulators.
Table IH4 presents a preventive maintenance checklist for a typical ESP.
Appendix
-------
1.1.2 Wet Electrostatic Precipitator
1.1.2.1 Process description
Wet ESPs are essentially the same technology as dry ESPs with two important
distinctions:
* A wet spray is included in the inlet section for cooling, gas adsorption, and
coarse panicle collection.
• The collection electrode is wetted to flush away the collected particles.
Wet ESPs are a relatively new technology and are generally used for applications
where the potential for explosion is high or where particulates are very sticky. The
maintenance checklist provided for the ESP in Table EO-4 applies to wet ESPs as well.
The parameters that affect the collection efficiency of wet ESPs are the liquid to gas
ratio, of which a typical value is 5 gal/1000 scf, and pressure drop, which should be
between 0.1 and 1.0 inches (Water Gauge) (Frankel 1987a).
1.1.2.2 Operation and maintenance
The wet ESP should be washed periodically to avoid irregularities in the operation
of the precipitator caused by accumulation of particles on the walls.
1.1.3 Fabric Filter (Baghouse)
1.1.3.1 Process description
Fabric filters remove dust from dust-laden gas by passing the gas through a fabric
bag. The cleaned gas exits from one side of the filter while the dust is collected on the
other side. The collected dust is removed from the bags by three methods: mechanical
shaking (shakers), reverse flow back-flushing at low pressure (reverse air), and reverse
flow back-flushing at slightly higher pressure (pulsed air).
Baghouses are very efficient for gases containing small particles.
Appendix in«7
-------
TABLE |||.4
Preventive Maintenance Checklist for
a Typical Electrostatic preclpltator
pally
1. Record electrical readings and transmissometer data.
2.Check operation of hoppers and ash removal system.
S.Carefully investigate cause of abnormal arcing in transformer • rectifier enclosures and bus duct
Weekly
1 .Check rapper operation.
2. Inspect electric control devices.
Monthly
1 .Check operation of standby top-housing pressurizing fan and thermostat
2.Check hopper level alarm operation.
Quarterly
1 .Check and dean rapper and vibrator switch contacts.
2. Check transmissometer calibration.
Semiannual
1 .Clean and lubricate access-door dog bolt and hinges.
2. Clean and lubricate interlock covers.
3. Clean and lubricate test connections.
4.Check exterior for visual signs of deterioration, and abnormal vibration, noise, leaks.
5.Check transformer-rectifier liquid and surge-arrestor spark gap.
Annual
1.Conduct internal inspection.
2.Clean top housing or insulator compartment and all electrical insulating surfaces.
3. Examine and clean all contactors and inspect tightness of all electrical connections.
4. Clean and inspect all gasketed connections.
S.Check and adjust operation of switchgear.
6. Check and tighten rapper insulator connections.
/.Observe and record areas of corrosion.
S'ftuational
1 .Record gas load readings during and after each outage.
2.Clean and check interior of control sets during each outage of more than 72 hours.
3-Clean all internal bushings during outages of more than 5 days.
4. Inspect condition of all grounding devices during each outage over 72 hours.
S.CIean all hopper buildups during each outage.
S.lnspect and record amount and location of residual dust deposits on electrodes during each outage of
72 hours or longer.
7.Check all alarms, interlocks, and other safety devices during each outage.
Sources: Theodore and Buonicore, 1984.
Frankel 1987&
Appendix IH-8
-------
The following parameters influence the collection efficiency of a fabric filter
(Frankel 1987a):
• Pressure drop, which is controlled by bag cleaning, ranges between 2.0 and
7.0 inches (Water Gauge).
• Air-to-cloth ratio, which is expressed as the total gas flow rate divided by
the total cloth area available for filtration and is baghouse-type dependent:
Shaker< I nrVmin - m2
Reverse air: 0.32 - 2.2 rrP/min - m2
Pulsed air: 0.95 - 2.5 rrP/min - m2.
* Temperature, which is dependent on the type of filter fabric. Thermal
erosion may double for a temperature rise of 20°F above the optimum.
• Humidity, which can cause failure due to burning and blinding. Such
failures would affect the pressure drop across the fabric filter.
1.1.3.2 Operation and maintenance
Table ffl-5 presents a preventive maintenance checklist for a typical fabric filter.
1.1.4 Quench Chamber
1.1.4.1 Process description
Quench chambers usually precede scrubber equipment in the treatment train, and are
used to reduce the temperature of hot gases leaving the incinerator. The quench chamber
also reduces water evaporation in downstream scrubbing equipment (which is associated
with generation of caustic particles in caustic scrubbers), and protects the downstream
equipment from high temperature damage.
The quench chamber operates by passing the hot gases through a water spray. The
spray is generated by one of three basic designs:
• Air and water nozzles;
• High pressure sequenced spray nozzles; and
Appendix III-9
-------
• Orifice plates.
The type of quench chamber used depends on the composition of quench water and
exhaust gas and the type of APCD that follows the quench chamber. Air and water nozzles
require a particle-free freshwater feed so that the nozzles do not become clogged. An air
and water nozzle quench chamber requires less water than the other types because it
produces small uniform droplets that cover the exhaust area efficiently.
With high pressure sequenced spray nozzles, only certain sprays are activated at
first. Then, as the temperature increases, other spray nozzles are activated to keep the gas
at a constant temperature. These units also must have fresh particle-free makeup water.
With orifice plates, water is forced through perforated plates to create a spray.
Unlike the above devices, quench water may be recycled because of the large perforations
in the plates.
The following parameters affect the efficiency of the unit
• Gas temperature at inlet;
Amount of water recycled and its particulate content;
• Gas velocity; and
• Pressure drop.
Appendix III-10
-------
Itam
TABLE IH-5
Fabric Filter Routine Maintenance Schedule
Check Freauencv
Oust pickup
areas
System
dampers
Bags
Cleaning
system
Control
system
System
fan
Outlet
stack
Discharge
system
General
Daily Wkly Mnthy Qrt'ly Yearly
Dust capture effectiveness
Monitoring flue gas volume
Test hood face velocity
Rebalance system
X
X
X
X
Proper operation
Proper valve seating
Wear or corrosion
X
X
X
Observe stack (visually or with opacity meter)
Spot-check bag tension (inside collectors)
Spot-check bag condition and seating
Thoroughly inspect baqs
X
X
X
X
Monitor cleaning cycle
Check compressed air
Inspect mechanical components for wear
Replace high-wear parts (whether needed or not)
X
X
X
X
Observe all indicators on panel
Log AP
Blow out manometer lines
Check compressed air system, including filters
Activate key shutdown or bypass controls
Verify accuracy of temperature-indicating eguip.
Check accuracy of all other indicating equipment
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Check drive components
Inspect for corrosion and material buildup
Check for vibration
X
X
X
Check emission visually or monitor opacity meter
Calibrate opacity meter
X
X
Monitor discharge rate
Check aH moving parts for wear and alignment
X
X
Check normal and abnormal visual
and audWe conditions
Inspect system for corrosion
Inspect door gaskets
Check for dust buildup in ducts
Inspect paint
Inspect baffles, hopper duct, etc. for wear
Inspect general structural integrity of system
T"1
X
X
X
X
X
X
Sources: Theodore and Buonicore. 1984.
FrankeL 1987c
Appendix DM1
-------
The proper values for the parameters affecting efficiency are as follows: the gas
outlet temperature should be below 500°F; the gas velocity should be between 30 ft/sec and
50 ft/sec; and the pressure drop across the quench chamber should be between 2 and 6
inches (Water Gauge). Quench water is sometimes recycled. Since this can cause
reentrainment of particulates back into the gas stream, however, for optimum operation
only makeup water should be used.
1.1.4.2 Operation and maintenance
A regular maintenance program for these quench chambers should be followed so
that the nozzles do not become plugged and effective water spray is assured.
1.1.5 Wet/Dry Scrubber (Spray Dryer)
1.1.5.1 Process description
In the wet/dry scrubber, hot gases are passed through a fine mist of a dilute alkali
slurry. The water in the slurry absorbs acids from the flue gas and the acids react with the
alkali solids in the slurry to form salts. Water is lost through evaporation, leaving the salts
and any unreacted alkali behind as a dry powder. This particle-laden flow then goes to a
fabric filter or an ESP to remove the particulates. Wet/dry scrubbers are considered cleaner
control systems than wet scrubbers, mainly because the waste material is dry particulates
and no further liquid treatment is required, which significantly reduces the waste volume.
The parameters that affect the collection efficiency of the wet/dry scrubbers are
(Frankel 1987a):
• Liquid-to-gas ratio which ranges between 0.25 and 0.30 gal/1000 acf;
• Gas input velocity with a range between 2 and 6 ft/s; and
• Pressure drop between 10 and 12 inches (Water Gauge).
1.1.5.2 Operation and maintenance
Table IQ-6 presents maintenance procedures for wet/dry scrubbers.
Appendix UM2
-------
TABLE 111-6
Wet/Dry Scrubber Maintenance Procedures
Spray nozzels should b« kept clean. Particle size of the slurry should
be smaller than the diameter of the nozzles. Pre-filtering is usually used
to guarantee that adequate partide size is maintained.
Sludge buildup at the bottom of the scrubber should be removed
periodically.
Spray nozzles should be checked periodically for dogging.
The slurry flow rate and composition should be carefully monitored to
guarantee that the water evaporates completely.
Sources: Theodore and Buonicorel984.
Frankel 1987a
1.1.6 Venturi Scrubber
1.1.6.1 Process description
In the venturi scrubber, a liquid is introduced into a constricted area. High velocity
gas is also introduced to shear the liquid into fine droplets and to allow a large surface area
for mass transfer.
The parameters that affect the collection efficiency are (Frankel 1987a):
• Liquid-to-gas ratio, which ranges between 5 and 45 gal/1000 acf;
• Gas input velocity with a range of 100 to 400 ft/s; and
• Pressure drop, which should be close to design pressure (typically 20 to
100 in Water Gauge).
The collection efficiency for a venturi scrubber generally improves with increases in
gas velocity, liquid-to-gas ratio, and pressure drop.
1.1.6.2 Operation and maintenance
Table EQ-7 presents a preventive maintenance checklist for a typical venturi
scrubber.
Appendix DI-13
-------
TABLE 111-7
Ventun Scrubber Routine Maintenance Procedures
Chock for wear (abrasion/erosion).
Check for corrosion on all scrubber internal surface.
Check for excessive buildup, particularly in the wet/dry zone.
Chock for excessive scaling. This is caused mainly by changes in the chemical composition of the
makeup water, but may also be caused by process changes such as changes in pH,
chemical composition of the dust, reduced liquor recycle rate, increase in the inlet
loading, or failure of the solids removal system.
Check the nozzles for damage. Repair or replacement may be necessary.
Check for solids buildup in blowdown lines. Cleaning may be effected without system shutdown,
and a flush connection may be installed to prevent this condition in the future.
Check for corrosion and leaks in lines and vessel, in particular where protective liners may have
deteriorated.
Check operation of the mist eliminator. Formation of droplets can be caused by excessive gas flow
rate, plugged drains from the droplet eliminator, or condensation in the outlet duct. Check
structural supports for structural integrity and smooth operation.
Sources: Theodore and Buonicore1984.
Frankel 1987c.
1.2 APCD Efficiencies
In Table ITJ-8, the various APCDs previously described are assigned conservatively
estimated efficiencies for participates and toxic metals. The conservative nature of the
estimates is stressed, since a multitude of feed waste compositions, incinerator designs,
and operating conditions will be encountered in any real-world situation, and it is not
always possible to achieve the highest theoretical efficiency. In fact, with proper system
design, stable, optimized operation, and good maintenance, higher efficiencies than are
shown in die table might be achieved.
A number of factors should be kept in mind when Table IH-8 is used. These
factors are as follows:
• Most toxic metals, or their compounds, condense as solids if incinerator
combustion gases are cooled. A meagre fund of information suggests that
Appendix DM4
-------
most metals generally co-condense to form particulates of mixed metallic
and nonmetalilc composition.
Of the toxic metals, mercury is the least predictable and least apt to condense
prior to emission from the system stack. Its degree of recovery above
4flfl°F ic m»n*ral1u cliffhf or 7*m
w w«*4*.*o&Wft* »•»» — w*w &j ^|
is generally slight, or zero
A quench chamber is a commonly used item whose primary function is to
cool incineration or boiler flue gas by the evaporation of water injected into
the hot gas stream. In order to function as an APCD, water in excess of
evaporative demand must be furnished. A quench is virtually always used
in tandem with one or more other APCDs.
Cyclones are almost never used alone. They are moderately efficient in
removing large particulates from a moving gas stream, and thus in reducing
the loading of more efficient paniculate removal devices downstream of the
cyclone.
Venturi scrubbers are frequently used devices. Their efficiency, especially
on submicron panicles, increases as the pressure drop (power consumption)
increases.
ESPs are not widely used with hazardous waste incinerators, although they
are commonly used on municipal waste incinerators and on coal-burning
utility boilers. Their efficiency can be varied with a number of design
parameters, but for high efficiency on small particulates, more than single
stage units are necessary. Up to four stages in tandem have been seen in the
industry.
Both Wet ESPs (WESP) and Ionizing Wet Scrubbers (IWS) are finding a
limited market in the U.S. Since the data on these units have come from
facilities having two or more APCD series, there is little if any data outside
of manufacturers' literature that permits one to estimate their pollutant
removal efficiency as a single unit
Several rather complex, but apparently highly efficient wet scrubbers have
become available during the past 3 to 4 years. No new facility should be
built without a careful consideration of these scrubbers.
Fabric filters (baghouses) have not been commonly used on hazardous
waste incinerators, but have been widely used on utility boilers and
municipal waste incinerators. They are bulky and expensive, and require
careful operation. However, when used in tandem with upstream APCDs,
especially spray dryers (wet/dry scrubbers), they are enormously efficient
on both soluble gases and on particulates. Furthermore, if gas temperatures
are below 400°F, these combination units are also very efficient on mercury
emissions.
At most facilities where data indicate high gas and paniculate (including
toxic metal) removal efficiencies, there are usually two to four APCDs in
series. It is expected that this type of installation will become the norm for
Appendix ni-15
-------
large-scale commercial incinerators that burn large quantities of mixed
liquids, solids, and sludges.
TABLE 111.8
Air Pollution Control Devices (APCOs) and Their Conservatively
Estimated Efficiencies for Controlling Toxic Metals
APCD
POLLUTANT
•ws
"VS-20
•VS-60
ESP-1
ESP-2
6SP-4
•WESP
•FF
•PS
SO/FF; SO/OFF
DS/FF
•FF/WS
ESP-1/WS; ESP-1/PS
ESP-4/WS' ESP-4/PS
•VS-20/WS
"WS/IWS
•WESP/VS-20/IWS
C/DS/ESP/FF; C/DS/C/ESP/FF
SD/C/ESP-1
Ba,Be
50
90
98
95
97
99
97
95
95
99
98
95
96
99
97
95
99
99
99
Ag
so
90
98
95
97
99
97
95
95
99
98
95
96
99
97
95
99
99
99
Cr
50
90
98
95
97
99
96
95
95
99
98
95
96
99
97
95
98
99
98
As.Sb.Cd,
Pb.Tt
40
20
40
80
85
90
95
90
95
95
98
90
90
95
96
95
97
99
95
Hg
30
20
40
0
0
0
60
50
80
90
50
50
80
as
80
85
90
98
85
It is assumed that flu* gases have been preceded in a quench. If gases am not cooled adequately,
mercury recoveries will diminish, as will cadmium and arsenic to a lesser extent.
** An IWS is nearly always used with an upstream quench and packed horizontal scrubber.
C-Cydone
WS-Wet Scrubber including: Sieve Tray Tower
Packed Tower
Bubble Cap Tower
PS • Proprietary Wet Scrubber Design
(A number of proprietary wet scrubbers have come on the market in recent years that are highly
efficient on both paniculate* and corrosive gases. Two such units are offered by Calvert Environmental
Equipment Co. and by Hydro-Sonic Systems. Inc.).
VS-20 • Venturi Scrubber, ca. 20-30 in W. G. Ap
VS-60 • Vcnturi Scrubber, ca. > 60 in W. G. Ap
ESP-t . Electrostatic Precipitator; 1 stag*
ESP-2 • Electrostatic Precipitator; 2 stages
ESP-4 - Electrostatic Precipitator; 4 stages
IWS - Ionizing Wet Scrubber
OS - Dry Scrubber
FF . Fabric Filter (Baghouse)
SD - Spray Dryer (Wet/Dry Scrubber)
Appendix 111-16
-------
It is to be expected that the type of APCD, or train of devices, that must be used
with a hazardous waste incinerator will depend on the type of incinerator and the
characteristics of the wastes incinerated. Although a large percentage of existing hazardous
waste incinerators are not equipped with APCDs, these are nearly all liquid injection
incinerators which burn wastes that, for practical purposes, have no ash- or paniculate-
forming components. When these incinerators are equipped with an APCD, it is likely to
be a wet scrubber of simple construction (spray tower or packed tower) preceded by a
quench chamber or at least an evaporative cooler.
At the other end of the spectrum, incinerators designed to cope with wastes having
a high ash and toxic metals content will generally require an APC train consisting of two to
four APCDs. A number of typical APC trains are listed below:
• Quench/wet scrubber;
• Quench/spray dryer/cyclone/ESP;
• Quench/spray dryer/cyclone/fabric filter;
• Quench/wet scrubber/IWS/mist eliminator;
• Quench/WESP/venturi scrubber/packed tower scrubbers;
• Quench/vemuri scrubber/packed tower scrubbers; and
• Fabric filter/wet scrubber.
1.3 Metals Partitioning
EPA has developed conservative estimates of the partitioning of metals within
combustion processes prior to the APCD. These estimates are based on tests conducted at
different firing temperatures (1,600 °F and 2,000°F) and with different levels of chlorine in
the waste feed. Both barium and silver are affected by the presence of chlorine in waste
feed at the lower combustion temperature and tend to partition to the APCD at significantly
higher proportions at higher temperatures (see Table ffi-9).
Appendix ni-17
-------
TABLE 111-9
Conservative Estimates of Matals Partitioning to APCO1 as a Function of
Solids2 Temperature3 (%)
1600°F 2000-F
Metal4 a.o% a.1% a.o% cui%
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Thallum
100
100
50
5
100
5
100
100
8
100
100
100
30
5
100
5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
5
100
5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
5
100
5
100
100
100
100
1 The remaining percentage is contained in the bottom ash of the incinerator.
2 Partitioning for liquids is estimated at 100% for all metals.
3 The combustion gas temperature is estimated to be 100-400°? higher than the solids temperature.
4 Assumptions:
• excessair»50%
• entrainment * 5%
• waste metals content * 100 ppm for each metal For a given set of combustion
chamber conditions, the maximum amount of metal which will be vaporized
will become constant as the metal concentration in the solids increase. As a
result, higher concentrations of metals are expected to have lower partitioning
factors.
Source: Letter from Dr. Randall Seeker. Energy and Environmental Research Corporation, to
Dwight Mustick, EPA, dated December 7,1988.
Appendix m-18
-------
2. SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS
The following discussion outlines the proper procedures for the sampling and
analysis of the incnerator system. Analysis of composite samples is required for the waste
feed in order to determine the metals feed rates that must be provided by the applicant to the
permit writer. Test burns also require the sampling and analysis of the incinerator stack
gas, scrubber liquor, and bottom ash so that a mass balance can be performed on the
incinerator.
All samples must be analyzed according to the appropriate methods outlined in
"Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes: Physical/Chemical Method," EPA SW-846, as
incorporated by reference in §260.11. Total chromium emissions measured in accordance
with SW-846 are to be used in the analysis unless the applicant's emissions sampling and
analysis procedures are capable of reliably determining hexavalent chromium emission rates
to the satisfaction of the Administrator. Sampling for particulates should be performed
using Method 5 from 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix A. Sampling for all Appendix VHI metals
should use the Multiple Metals Train currently being validated. The Multiple Metals Train,
as discussed in a memorandum from Larry Johnson (Johnson 1987), includes the
following impingers: (1) empty (for condensate collection, may be omitted for a dry
source); (2) 5 percent HNOs and 10 percent H2O2 (will be reduced to 0.1N HNOs if
research shows it to be adequate); (3) same as 2; (4) 1.5 percent KMnO4 and 10 percent
H2SO4; and (5) silica gel (to protect the pump and meter).
The analysis procedure consists of two steps: preparation (called digestion) and the
analysis itself. The digestion process is dependent on both the analysis procedure and the
waste matrix. Table ffl-9 lists the digestion methods as well as the proper analysis
technique and waste matrix for each method. The analysis procedures are pollutant
specific. For some metals, up to three methods are applicable depending on the precision
of the detection limit desired. See Table IH-10 for the proper analysis methods to be used
for each metal. In some cases, the analysis method includes its own digestion and the
listed digestion methods are not necessary. These methods are footnoted on Table HI-10.
Standard methods for the analysis of the glass fiber filter and impinger solution
from the Method 5 train are under development (but not yet published). The impinger
Appendix IIM9
-------
solution should be slightly acidic (validation studies may suggest 0.1N nitric acid) during
sampling, so that any metals that escape the glass fiber filter will be captured in the
solution.
For analysis, the filter can be either extracted using acid extraction or completely
dissolved by treatment with hydrofluoric acid. The impinger solution should be reduced by
evaporation, then treated with acid digestion. Following these steps, the normal aqueous
digestion (see Table ffl-9) and analysis (see Table HI-10) may be used.
Analysis for matrix effects (interference) should be performed by the Method of
Standard Addition or other appropriate procedures.
Appendix IH-20
-------
Table HMO
Preparation Methods
Methods Analysis procedure Waste matrix
3010 ICP. FLAA Aqueous Only
3020 GFAA Aqueous Only
3050 FLAA, ICP. or GFAA Sediment. Sludge, Soil. Filter
Paniculate Material, and Filter
from Stack Sampling Train
3040* ICP or FLAA Oils, Greases, or Waxes
'Method 3040 is only recommended for virgin oils or clean used oils. It is not recommended for oils
that contain emulsions and particulates. Until EPA's microwave digestion technique is available,
use the HNO3/H2O2 combination and procedure from Method 3050 in a condenser rig similar to that
used in the old Method 3030 for used or dirty oils. Methods 3010 and 3020 can be used for volatile
solvents if the solvent is first carefully evaporated, and the volume replaced with water before
completing the procedure.
ICP • Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy
GFAA • Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption
FLAA - Flame Atomic Absorption
Source: EPA 1986.
Appendix DI-21
-------
Table 111-11
Analysis Methods
Sample Sampling
procedure
FliMGas EPA Method 5
Multiple Metals Train
EPA Method 108
EPA Method 104
EPA Method 101A
Other Samples^ Composite
Constituent
Particulates
Total Metals'
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
ChromiumfTbtal)
Chromium(VI)
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Thallium
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
ChromiumfTbtal)
Chromium(VI)
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Thallium
Analysis
method
See methods listed below
7041
7060b. 7061 b
6010.7080
6010, 7090, 7091
6010,7130.7131
6010,7190,7191
7195-7198*
6010. 7420. 7421
7470* 7471 c
6010. 7760°
6010. 7841
7040
7060* 7061°
6010. 7080
6010.7090.7091
8010.7130,7131
6010.7190.7191
7195-7198*
6010. 7420. 7421
7470b, 7471 c
6010. 776QC
6010, 7841
• Validation studies indicate Method 101A may have to be run to analyze mercury.
* These chromium(VO methods are tor aqueous matrices only.
b This method includes digestion for aqueous matrices (no digestion method from Table 111-12 is
necessary).
c This method include digestion for all matrices (no digestion method from Table 111-12 is
necessary).
d Includes waste feed, bottom ash, and scrubber liquor.
Source: EPA 1986.
Appendix UI-22
-------
REFERENCES
Auer, A., H., F., Correlation of land use and cover with meteorological anomalies.
Journal of app|je^j meteorology. Vol. 17, pp. 636-643, May 1978.
Barton, R., G., Energy and Environment Research Corporation, Memoranda of
October 19 and 25,1988, on APCD efficiencies, to Dwight Hlustick, Office
of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C.
Bonner, T., et aL Monsanto Research Corporation. 1981. Hazardous waste
incineration engineering. Park Ridge, NJ.: Noyes Data Corporation.
Frankel, L 1987a (January 16). Versar Inc. Attachment A: Operating and design
parameters for the major air pollution control devices used on hazardous
waste incinerator systems. Memorandum to Marc Turgeon. Office of Solid
Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Frankel, L 1987b (February 19). Versar Inc. Table 2-5. Fate of selected elements
included as constituents of wastes fed to the hazardous waste incinerator at
Biebesheim, W. Germany. Memorandum to Marc Turgeon. Office of
Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Frankel, I. 1987c (May 28). Personal conversation. Versar Inc. Springfield, Va.
Johnson, L. 1987 (July 7). Recommended sampling train for multiple metals
determination. Memorandum to "addressees." U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory.
Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Perry, R., and Chilton, C 1973. Chemical engineers' handbook. 5th ed. New
York,N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
REA. 1978. Research and Education Association. Modem pollution control
technology. VoLI. Air pollution control. New York, N.Y.
Theodore and Buonicore, Eds. 1984. Air pollution control equipment, selection.
design, operation and maintenance. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
USEPA. 1977. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards. Guidelines for air quality maintenance planning
and analysis - Vol. 10 (Revised) - Procedures for evaluating air quality
impact of new stationary sources. EPA-450/3-77-001. Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
USEPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards. Guideline on air quality models (Revised).
EPA-450/2-78-027R. Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Appendix DI-23
-------
USEPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development. Permitting hazardous waste incinerators: A workshop for
hazardous waste incinerator permit writers, inspectors, and operators.
USEPA. 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste.
Test methods for evaluating solid wastes: Physical/chemical method, EPA
SW-846. Srded.
USEPA. 1987. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Background document
supporting the control of emissions of metals and hydrogen chloride from
hazardous waste incinerators. To be published.
Appendix 111-24
-------
Appendix IV. Worksheets for Permitters* Use
-------
Table of Contents
Page No
Appendix IV: Worksheets for Permitters' Use
1. Instructions for Completing WORKSHEET 1 IV-i
1.1 Reference Information ] '.".!!'.!"!.'!!!!!!!!!!!lV-l
1.2 Site Information ...................IV-1
1.3 Requested Maximum Metal and Chlorine Feed Rates........!........!.........IV-2
-------
1. INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING WORKSHEET 1
These instructions provide guidance for filling out WORKSHEET 1, which
requires information on incinerator units, incinerator stacks, and metal and chlorine feed
rates by feed system for each incinerator unit
The form is divided into three sections. Section I requests general reference
information, Section II requests site information, and Section III requests desired
maximum metal and chlorine feed rates.
The requested metal and chlorine feed rates in Section HI must be specified for all
feed systems to the incinerator.
1.1 Reference Information
The facility name, address, phone number, and date are requested for the permit
writer's recordkeeping information.
A. Facility name
B. Address
C. Phone number
D. Date of submission
1.2 Site Information
This section is divided into three categories: stack parameters, terrain parameters,
and dimensions of nearby buildings. These data should be provided separately for each
incinerator on the site. The form contains space for five separate incinerator units. If there
are more than five units on the site, the applicant should attach additional sheets with the
requested parameters fro these units.
A. Stack Parameters The following parameters are required for the stack through
which the incinerator unit in question releases, even if other
non-incinerator units are connected to the same stack.
1. Stack height This is the height in meters of the stack above the base
elevation (not the height above sea level). If the stack
is on top of a building, the reported height should be
Appendix IV -1
-------
the height of the building plus the height of the stack,
so that this value will be the height above the base
elevation.
2. Exhaust temperature This is the exit gas temperature of the plume in
degrees Kelvin.
3. Inner stack diameter This is the inner diameter of the stack at the exit point
(top of stack) in meters, i.e., do not include the
thickness of the stack walls.
4. Exit velocity
5. Flow rate
6. Latitude/Longitude
orUTMs
1.
This is the velocity of the plume in meters per second
as it exits the stack in question
This is the flow rate of the plume in cubic meters per
second. This parameter is not necessary if the inner
stack diameter and exit velocity are given. Those
parameters are perferable over the flow rate, but if
they are unavailable, then the exit flow rate is
acceptable.
These are the coordinates of the stack in question. If
these coordinates are not readily available, they may
be obtained using the following method: Locate each
stack on a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
topographical map and read from the map
axes the latitude/longitude coordinates in
degrees/minutes/seconds and the UTM coordinates to
the nearest tenth of a kilometer.
The required terrain parameters are determined using the
maximum terrain rise from a topograghic map; the terrain
rise is measured out to a 5-km radius from the location of the
source. The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5 minute
map is recommended. A discussion of the rationale for the
5-km distance is provided in Appendix L
Maximum terrain rise The maximum terrain rise (in meters) occurring
within the following three distance ranges from the
source is required:
0 - 0.5 km
0 - 2.5 km
0.-5.0 km
The terrain rise is obtained from reading the
topographic lines off the map (convening from feet to
meters)
B. Terrain parameters
2. Shortest distance
to fenceline (meters)
This is distance to the facility property boundary
closest to the source. If residences are located within
Appendix IV -2
-------
the plant boundaries, then this parameter should be the
distance to the nearest residence.
C. Dimensions of
nearby buildings All structures within 5 building heights or 5 projected
maximum building widths of the stack(s) should be
identified, including structures outside the plant boundary.
1. Distance from the stack (meters)
2. Distance from nearest fenceline (meters)
3. Building height (meters)
4. Building length (meters)
5. Building width (meters)
In addition, each such structure should be clearly identified
on a site map.
1.3 Requested Maximum Metal and Chlorine Feed Rates
The feed rates provided here should be the maximum metal and chlorine feed rates
ever expected to the system, shown separately by feed system. If waste blending is
performed, the data in this section should reflect the resulting waste stream after blending.
These feed rates will be written into the permit provided they pass the risk screening. The
applicant must attach copies of any supporting documentation of the waste feed rate
calculations.
The feed rates must be provided separately for each feed system to the incinerator to
allow more flexibility in adjusting feed rates if the risk levels are unacceptable (see attached
diagram). Some examples of waste feed systems include:
• Ram feed (solids)
• Conveyor feed (solids)
• Liquid injection (liquids)
• Liquid or fuel injection to afterburner (liquids)
Appendix IV-3
-------
Feed System 2
Liquid Injection
Feed System 1
Solids
I
ROTARY
KILN
Feed System 3
Sludge
Feed System 4 STACK
Liquid Injection
I
AFTER-
BURNER
DIAGRAM OF FEED SYSTEMS
Appeidlz IV.4
-------
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Appendix IV-<
-------
-------
CM
,?
-------
Appendix V. Hazardous Waste Combustion Air Quality Screening
Procedure for RCRA Permit Writers
-------
Table of Contents
Page No
Appendix V: Hazardous Waste Combustion Air Quality Screening
Procedure for RCRA Permit Writers
Introduction V-l
Step 1: Obtain Permit Data V-4
Step 2: Determine the Applicability of the Screening Procedure V-10
Step 3: Select the Worst-Case Stack V-12
Step 4: Verify Engineering Practice (GEP) Criteria V-13
Step 5: Determine the Effective and the
Terrain Adjusted Effective Stack Height V-15
Step 6: Classify the Site as Urban or Rural V-20
Step?: Identify Maximum Dispersion Coefficients V-20
Step 8: Estimate Maximum Ambient Air Concentrations V-28-
Step 9: Determine Compliance with Regulatory Limits V-30
Step 10: Multiple Stack Method (Optional) V-32
Appendix A: Rational for the Screening Procedure V-49
Introduction V-49
Development of the Screening Procedure V-49
Rational For Technical Approach / Step-By-Step Description V-53
-------
Introduction
The purpose of this screening methodology is to provide a fast, easy method for
estimating maximum short-term (hourly and 3-minute averages) and annual average
ambient air impacts associated with the burning of metal bearing hazardous waste. The
methodology is conservative in nature and estimates dispersion coefficients1 of a selected
number of pollutants.
The emission limits to control metals and HC1 impacts from the combustion of
hazardous waste are risk-based limits. The applicant must show that the risk to the MEI
does not exceed 10'5 for carcinogens and the reference air concentrations (RACs) are not
exceeded for noncarcinogens. The Tier I and n tables shown in the Metal Guidance
Document specify feed rate or emission rate limitations needed to conservatively meet these
risk criteria. These tables are based on back-calculating limits using information on worst
case modeling scenarios for 26 real and hypothetical incinerators. If an applicant fails to
meet the Tier I and Tier n limits, two alternatives are available. (1) Site-specific dispersion
modeling (Tier IE) can be done or (2) this air quality screening procedure can be used.
There are two advantages to using the screening procedure that can result in a
reduction of the cost and time to permit a facility.
• The need to conduct site specific detailed dispersion modeling can be waived if
the screening procedure shows that the MEI risk does not exceed 10*5 for
carcinogens and the RACs are not exceeded.
• For those sites when the nearest meteorological (STAR) station is not
representative of the meteorology at the site, this procedure can be used for
determining emission limits. If this screen shows that the emissions from the
site are adequately protective (i.e., risk is less than 1O5), then the need to
collect site-specific meteorological data could be waived.
The screening procedure is likely to be most helpful for facilities with (1) multiple
stacks, (2) large distances from the incinerator stack(s) to the site boundary, and (3)
complex terrain within 1 to 5 kilometers from the incinerator stack(s).
1 In this report the term dispersion coefficient refers to normalized concentrations, i.e., ambient air
concentrations (ug/m3) resulting from a source with an emission rate of 1 g/sec.
Appendix V-l
-------
If, by using this screening procedure, it can be demonstrated that the regulatory
short-term and long-term risk criteria (10"5 and RACs) can be met, then this could eliminate
the need for additional modeling. If, on the other hand, the procedure reveals that risks in
excess of 10*5 may occur for those pollutants under evaluation then more in-depth
modeling would be required.
Figure 1 shows a flow chart of the screening process described in this
methodology.
Appendix V-2
-------
FLOW CHART FOR SCREENING PROCEDURE
Appendix V-3
-------
The steps involved in the screening methodology are as follows:
Step 1 Obtain Permit Data
Step 2 Determine the Applicability of the Screening Procedure
Step 3 Select the Worst-Case Stack
Step 4 Verify Engineering Practice (GEP) Criteria
Step 5 Determine the Effective Stack Height and Terrain Adjusted Effective Stack
Height
Step 6 Classify the Site as Urban or Rural
Step 7 Identify Maximum Dispersion Coefficients
Step 8 Estimate Maximum Ambient Air Concentrations
Step 9 Determine Compliance with Regulatory Limits
Step 10 Multiple Stack Method
These steps, described in greater detail, as well as the theory and data on which the
methodology is based are presented below.
Step 1: Obtain Permit Data
The data needed for this step is taken from the data submitted for WORKSHEET 1
of Appendix IV.
Complete the following table for the source:2
2 Worksheet space is provided for three stacks. If the facility under review has additional stacks, they
should be included in the analysis.
Appendix V-4
-------
Stack Data
Stack No. 1 Stack No.2 Stack No.3
Physical stack height (m)
Exhaust temperature (K)
Row rate (rrP/sec)
Site Data
Minimum distance from stack(s) to property boundary (m)
Maximum terrain rise (for three distance ranges):
(Not required if the highest stack is less than 10 meters in height)
.(m) (m) (m)
0-0.5km 0-2.5km 0-5km
Nearby Building Dimensions:
Consider all buildings within five building heights or five iraximuni projected widths of the
stack(s). From this group, select the building with the greatest height and fill in the spaces
below.
Building height (m)
Maximum projected building width (m)
Distance from facility to nearest shoreline (km)
Valley width (km)
Appendix V-5
-------
Emissions Data3
Stack #
Annual average Maximum 3-minute
Pollutant emission rate emission rate
(g/sec) (g/sec)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Thallium
Hydrogen Chloride
For facilities that do not have emissions data from a (rial burn, refer to Tab D(l) for the procedure
to estimate emission rates.
Appendix V-6
-------
Emissions Data4
Stack #
Annual average Maximum 3-minute
Pollutant emission rate emission rate
(g/sec) (g/sec)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Sliver
Thallium
Hydrogen Chloride
For facilities that do not have emissions data from a trial burn, refer to Tab D(l) for the procedure
to estimate emission rates.
Appendix V-7
-------
Emissions Data5
Stack #
Annual average Maximum 3-minute
Pollutant emission rate emission rate
(g/sec) (g/sec)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Thallium
Hydrogen Chloride
For facilities that do not have emissions data from a trial bum, refer to Tab D(l) for the procedure
to estimate emission rates.
Appendix V-8
-------
9
2
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Appendix V-9
-------
Step 2: Determine the Applicability of the Screening Procedure
For each application of this screening procedure, the user must consider: (1) the
acceptability of using the procedure for the facility under review, (i.e., are the dispersion
coefficients sufficiently conservative6), and (2) the likelihood that the procedure may
reduce the degree of conservatism and allow greater emissions compared to the limits
tabulated in Tiers I and n. Both conditions must be satisfied in order for the screening
procedure to be most useful.
(A) Acceptability of the Screening Procedure for a Specific Site.
Fill in the following data to evaluate this condition:
Yes Ha
Is the facility in a Valley >1 km in width?
Is the terrain rise within 1 km of the facility
less than the physical stack height of
the tallest stack?
(Only applies to stacks £20 meters in height)
Is the distance to the nearest shoreline >5 km?
(Only applies to facilities with stacks > 20 meters
in height)
Is the closest property boundary >5 times
the building height and >5 times the
maximum projected building width?7
(Only applies to facilities with a stack height
< 2.5 times the building height)
If the answer is yes to all of the preceding questions that are relevant to the facility ,
then the screening procedure is acceptable pending concurrence with these results by the
regional meteorologist or the Permit Assistance Team (PAT). Proceed to the next step to
The term conservative in this procedure means that concentrations and risks tend to be
overestimated rather than underestimated.
Refer to the building selected in Step 1.
Appendix V-10
-------
determine whether the screening procedure is likely to allow higher emission rates than
Tiers I and II for the facility under review.
(B) Applications Most Likely to Benefit from the Screening Procedure.
In some circumstances the screening procedure can be more restrictive than Tier I
and n. Under the following conditions, however, the screening procedure should be less
restrictive, while still ensuring that the risk does not exceed 10'5 for the MEL Under these
conditions the screen is most useful.8
The following table should be completed to evaluate whether the screening
procedure would be less restrictive. An affirmative response to any of the questions below
indicates that the screen should be of benefit
Yes
The facility has multiple stacks with sub-
substantially different release specifications
(e.g., stack heights differ by >50 percent,
exit temperatures differ by >50 K, or exit flow
rates differ by more than a factor of 2).
The terrain does not reach physical stack height
within 1 km of the incinerator, when the stack is
greater than 20 m high and is in complex terrain9.
The distance to die nearest facility boundary
is greater than the distance shown in the Table 1
below for the specified land use and the terrain
adjusted effective stack height of worst-case stack.10
8 Using the screening procedure is perhaps most advantageous for sites located in complex terrain
and other areas where representative meteorological data are unavailable. If any one of the
conditions shown in Step 2(B) is met and subsequent estimates of ambient concentrations are
shown to be below the risk criteria, then the loss of time to permit the facility (typically 1 to 1.5
yean) could be avoided and the high cost (from $50,000 to S 100,000) to collect and process a
meteorological data set could be waived by the permit writer with the concurrence of the Regional
meteorologists or the PAT.
9 Complex terrain refers to to applications where the maximum terrain rise within 5 kilometers of a
facility exceeds the physical height of the facility's shortest stack.
10 Refer to Step 5.
Appendix V-ll
-------
Table 1
Terrain adjusted effective Distance
stack height (m)
range (m) Urban Rural
1-9.9
10-14.9
15-19.9
20 - 24.9
25 - 30.9
31-41.9
42 - 52.9
53 - 64.9
65-112.9
113+
200
200
200
200
200
200
250
300
400
700
200
250
250
350
450
550
800
1000
1200
2500
If the answer is yes to any of the questions above that are relevant to the facility
under review, then this screen is likely to allow higher emissions than Tiers I and n.
However, if the answer to all of the above questions is no, then this procedure may not
allow higher emissions than Tiers I and n (i.e., may not be less conservative). The
permit reviewer may now proceed to Steps 3 through 9.
Step 3: Select the Worst-Case Stack
If the facility has several incinerator stacks, a worst-case stack must be chosen to
conservatively represent release conditions at the facility. Follow the steps below to
identify the worst case-stack.
Appendix V-12
-------
Apply the following equation to each stack:
K = HVT
where:
K * an arbitrary parameter accounting for the relative influence of
the stack height and plume rise.
H * Physical stack height (m)
V * Flow rate (m3/sec)
T = Exhaust temperature (Kelvin).
Complete the following table to compute the "K" value for each stack:
Stack No. Stack height x Row rate x Exit temp.
(m) (mfoec) (Kelvin)
Select the stack with the lowest "K" value. This is the worst-case stack that will be
used for Steps 4 through 9.
Worst-Case Stack is identified as Stack No. _
Step 4: Verify Engineering Practice (GEP) Criteria
Confirm that the selected worst-case stack meets Good Engineering Practice (GEP)
criteria. The stack height to be used in the subsequent steps of this procedure must not be
greater than the marim^m GEP.
Maximum and minimum GEP stack heights are defined as follows:
Appendix V-13
-------
GEP (minimum) = H + (1.5 x L)
GEP (maximum) = greater of 65 m or H + (1.5 x L)
where:
H a Height of a nearby structure measured from ground level elevation at the base
of the stack (refer to the building selected in Step 1)
L » The lesser dimension of the height or projected width of a nearby structure
(refer to the building selected in Step 1)
Record the following data:
Stack height (m)«
H(m) =
L(m)=
Then compute the following:
GEP (minimum) (m) =
GEP (maximum) (m) a ^______
If the physical height of the worst-case stack exceeds the maximum GEP, then use
the maximum GEP stack height for the subsequent steps of this analysis.
If the physical height of the worst case-stack is less than the minimum GEP, then
use generic source number 11 as the selected source for further analysis and proceed
directly to Step 6.
If the physical height of the worst case-stack is between the minimum and
maximum GEP, then use the actual physical stack height for the subsequent steps of this
analysis.
Appendix V-14
-------
Step 5: Determine the Effective Stack Height and the Terrain Adjusted
Effective Stack Height
The effective stack height (i.e., the height of the effluent release) is an important
factor in air pollution modeling. The effective stack height is the physical height of the
stack plus plume rise. As specified in Step 4, the stack height used to estimate the effective
stack height must not exceed GEP requirements. Plume rise is a function of the stack exit
gas temperature and flow rate. In this analysis, the effective stack height is used to select
the generic source that represents the dispersion characteristics of the facility under study.
For facilities located in flat terrain and for all facilities with worst case stacks less than or
equal to 10 meters in height, generic sources are selected strictly on the basis of effective
stack height In all other cases, the effective stack height is further adjusted to take into
account the terrain rise within the vicinity of the facility (Terrain Adjusted Effective Stack
Height). The "terrain adjusted effective stack height" is then used to select the generic
source that represents the dispersion characteristics of the facility.
Follow the steps below to identify the effective stack height, the terrain adjusted
effective stack height (where applicable) and the corresponding generic source number.
(A) Go to Table 2 and find the plume rise value corresponding to the stack
temperature and exit flow rate for the worst case stack determined in Step 3.
Plume rise » (m)
(B) Add the plume rise to the physical stack height of the worst-case stack to
determine the effective stack height
Stack Height (m)11 + Plume Rise (m) = Effective Stack Height (m)
11 As shown in Step 4(A), stack height should be set to maximum GEP stack height if the physical
stack height exceeds GEP.
Appendix V-15
-------
Distance Range Generic Source No.(s) Maximum Dispersion Coefficient
Step 5(G)
0.0 - 0.5
>0.5 - 2.5
>2.5 - 5.0
>5.0 - 20.0 1 46.7
Select the highest maximum average hourly dispersion coefficient from above and
record it in the space provided below.
Maximum Average Hourly Dispersion Coefficient = Qig/m^/g/sec)
(D) Select long-term/short-term ratio for long-term analysis.19
The maximum average annual dispersion coefficient is approximated by multiplying
the maximum hourly dispersion coefficient (identified in Step 7(Q) by the appropriate ratio
selected from Table 6, which follows. Note that the final generic source numbers) (from
Steps 5(D) or 5(G)), urban/rural designation (from Step 6), and complex or noncomplex
terrain designation are used to select the appropriate scaling factor. The following
information is needed to complete this step:
19 In this ratio, long-term refers to an annual time period and short-term refers to an hourly time
period.
Appendix V-24
-------
1. Generic Source Numbers)20 (see Steps 5(D) or 5(0))
Step 5(D)
Distance range Generic source number(s)
0.0 - 5.0
or
Step 5(G) - (nonflat)
0.0 - 0.5
>0.5 - 2.5
>2.5 - 5.0
2. Terrain Type • Use the noncomplex designation for all sources located in flat
terrain, for all sources where the physical stack height of the worst case stack is less than or
equal to 10 meters (regardless of terrain data), for all sources where the worst case stack is
less than the minimum CEP, and for those sources where all of the TAESHs in Step 5(F)
are > zero. Use the complex terrain designation if any of the terrain adjusted stack heights
in Step S(F) is less than or equal to zero. Record the selection below.
Complex Noncomplex
3. Land Use
(See Step 6) (Urban) (Rural)
20 For those sites with terrain adjustment, generic source numbers for each distance range will be
considered.
Appendix V-25
-------
Tab It 6
95 th Percentile of long-Term/Short-Term Ratios
Noncomplex Terrain Complex Terrain
Source Urban Rural Source Urban Rural
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.019
0.033
0.031
0.029
0.028
0.028
0.031
0.030
0.029
0.029
0.018
0.014
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.015
0.013
0.011
0.008
0.015
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.020
0.020
0.030
0.051
0.067
0.059
0.036
0.026
0.026
0.017
0.020
0.053
0.053
0.057
0.047
0.039
0.034
0.031
0.024
0.024
0.013
0.053
First select the generic source number and the LTVST ratio for all stacks, then fill in
the following worksheet
Appendix V-26
-------
5
CO
p
in
in
eg
A
in
eg
in
o
A
in
d
in
**>
CNJ
A
in
CVJ
10
in
o
o
in
in
-------
If the facility has only one generic source number, then record the computed LT/ST
ratio in the space provided below. If the facility has multiple generic source numbers, then
record the highest computed LT/ST value in the space provided below.
LT/ST Ratio
Multiply the LT/ST ratio recorded above by the maximum hourly dispersion
coefficient selected in Step 7(Q to estimate the maximum annual dispersion coefficient.
Record this parameter in the space provided below
Maximum Average Annual Dispersion Coefficient (y.g/m3/g/sec)
Step 8: Estimate Maximum Ambient Air Concentrations
Maximum annual average ambient air concentrations are estimated by multiplying
the maximum long-term dispersion coefficient found above (see Steps 7(Q and 7(D)) times
the facility's maximum annual average emission rate (see Step 1). Maximum short-term (3-
minute) ambient air concentrations are estimated by first multiplying the maximum hourly
dispersion coefficient by a scaling factor of 1.6421 and then by the facility's maximum 3-
minute average emission rate (see Step 1).
Using the variables identified below, complete the following worksheet to
determine maximum ambient air concentrations.
ERAN » Total (all stacks) maximum annual average emission rate for pollutant "N" (g/sec)
ER3N = Total (all stacks) maximum 3-minute average emission rate for "N" pollutant
(g/sec)
DC = Maximum hourly average dispersion coefficient (jo.g/m3)/(g/sec) (see Step 7(Q)
C = Ambient concentration (jig/m3)
R= Long-term/short-term ratio (see Step 7(D)).
21 The use of the 1.64 scaling factor is consistent with the procedure outlined in "Turners Workbook
of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates."
Appendix V-28
-------
Multiply dispersion coefficients times emissions to estimate ambient concentrations
for each averaging period.22
Pollutant Annual averages 3-min. averages
ERANxDCxfl-C ER3N x DC x 1.64 «C
Antimony x x »
Arsenic x x «
Barium x x •
Beryllium x x .
Cadmium x x .
Lead x x -
Mercury x x »
Silver x x -
Thallium x x »
Hd x x - x X1.64-
22 Note that the maximum annual average and the maximum 3-minute average emission rates from
Step 1 are to be transferred into the appropriate columns of this table. If only annual averages are
available, these are used for all columns (with caution) as defaults.
Appendix V-29
-------
Step 9: Determine Compliance with Regulatory Limits
(A) For the noncarcinogenic compounds (antimony, barium, lead, mercury,
silver, thallium, and hydrogen chloride), use the following equation to determine
compliance:
Dispersion Coefficient (ug/m3/g/sec) x Emission (g/sec)23 .
RAC (ug/m3) ~ '
where:
RAC = Reference Air Concentration of the pollutant being evaluated
If the ratio for any pollutant is greater than 1, then the results indicate an exceedance
of the risk screening criteria.
The RACs for each pollutant are listed below:
Pollutant RA.C
Antimony 0.3
Barium 50
Lead 0.09
Mercury 0.3
Silver 3
Thallium 0.3
HG (3 minute) 150
(annual) 7
Compute the ratio for each pollutant and list the results in the spaces provided.
23 When determining compliance use the maximum annual average emission rate (summed across all
stacks). Alternately, when determining compliance on a 3-minute basis (e.g., for hydrogen
chloride), use the maximum 3-mmute emission rate (summed across all stacks).
Appendix V-30
-------
Ratig
Exceedance
Compliance
Antimony
Barium
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Thallium
HCI (3 minute)
(annual)
(B) For the carcinogenic compounds (arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, and
chromium), use the following equation to determine compliance.
Actual Risk » Dispersion Coefficient (ng/m3/g/sec) x Emission24 (g/sec) x Unit Risk (m3/u.g)
n
I
t-1
Actual Riskj
1.0 X 10-5
where:
i = carcinogenic metals considered.
If the sum of the ratios is greater than 1, then the results indicate an exceedance of
the risk screening criteria.
24 When determining compliance use the maximum annual average emission rate (summed across all
stacks).
Appendix V-31
-------
The unit risk values for each pollutant are listed below:
pollutant TfnitRisk
Arsenic 4.3E-03
Beryllium 2.4E-03
1.8E-03
Chromium 1.2E-02
Compute the ratio for each pollutant analyzed and list the results in the spaces
provided:
Ratio Exceedance Compliance
Arsenic _
Beryllium _
Cadmium _
Chromium _
Summation _ _ _
Step 10: Multiple Stack Method (Optional)
This option is a special case procedure that may be helpful when (1) the facility
exceeded the regulatory limits as detailed in Step 9 and (2) the facility has multiple stacks
with substantially different effective release heights. This approach, when computed
manually, is most practical when 1 or 2 pollutants fail the basic screening procedure (Steps
1 to 9). Only those pollutants that fail the basic screen need be addressed in this exercise.
This procedure allows the permit writer to review environmental impacts from each
stack and then to sum the results to estimate total impacts. This option is conceptually the
same as the basic approach and does not involve complex calculations. However, it is
more time consuming and is recommended only if the basic approach (Steps 1 through 9)
fails to meet the short or long-term risk criteria. The procedure is outlined below.
Appendix V-32
-------
(A) Compute effective stack heights.
Stack No. Stack height25 Fl°w rate Exit temp. Effective stack height
(m) (m3/sec) (K)
1
2
3
Circle the maximum and minimum effective stack heights.
(B) Determine if this multiple stacks screening procedure will likely produce less
conservative results than the procedure in Steps 1 through 9.
Compute the following ratio:
Maximum Effective Stack Height
Minimum Effective Stack Height * - >
If the above ratio is greater than 1.25, proceed with the remaining steps.
Otherwise, this option is less likely to significantly reduce the degree of conservatism in the
screening method. If such is the case, permit writers may choose to require site-specific
modeling.
(C) Determine if terrain adjustment is needed and select generic source numbers.
Select the shortest stack height and maximum terrain rise out to 5 kilometers from
Step 1 and determine if the facility is in flat terrain.
Shortest stack height (m) » _
Maximum terrain rise in meters out to 5 km
25 Follow the procedure outlined in Step 4 of the basic screening procedure to determine the GEP for
each stack. If a stack's physical height exceeds the maximum GEP, use the maximum GEP value.
If a stack's physical height is less than the minimum GEP, use genehc source number 11 in the
subsequent steps of this analysis.
26 See Step S of the basic screening procedure.
Appendix V-33
-------
Terrain Rise (m) .-
Shortest Stack Height (m) x 10° " (%)
If the value above is greater than 10 percent, proceed directly to Step 10(D). If the
ratio is less than or equal to 10 percent, identify the generic source numbers directly based
on effective stack heights computed in Step 10(A). Refer to Table 3 below to identify
generic source numbers.
Table 3
Effective Stack Height Generic Source No.
(mj
<10.0 1
10.0-14.9 2
15.0-19.9 3
20.0 - 24.9 4
25.0 - 30.9 5
31.0-41.9 6
42.0 - 52.9 7
53.0 - 64.9 8
65.0-112.9 9
113.0+ 10
Downwash Source 11
Record below the generic source numbers identified and proceed directly to
Step 10(F).
Stack No.
Generic Source Numbers
(D) Compute terrain adjusted effective stack heights (TAESH) and select generic
source numbers (for sources located in nonflat terrain).
1. Compute the terrain adjusted effective stack height for all remaining stacks using
the following equation:
Appendix V-34
-------
HE-TR = TAESH
where:
HE = effective stack height (m)
TR = maximum terrain rise for each distance range (m)
TAESH = terrain adjusted effective stack height (m).
Fill in the table below:
Terrain Adjusted Effective Stack Heights (m)27
Distance range
0-0.5 km >0.5-2.5km >2.5-5.0km
Stack No. HE - TR - TAESH HE - TR - TAESH HE - TR - TAESH
For those stacks where the terrain rise within a distance range is greater than the
effective stack height (i.e., HE • TR is less than zero), then the terrain adjusted effective
stack height (TAESH) for that distance range is set equal to zero, and generic source
number 1 should be used for that distance range and all subsequent distance ranges.
Additionally, for all stacks with a physical stack height of less than or equal to 10 meters,
used generic source 1 for all distance ranges28. For the remaining stacks, proceed to Step
2. For the remaining stacks, refer to the table below and, for each distance range,
identify the generic source number that includes the terrain adjusted effective stack height
27 Refer to Step(l) for terrain adjustment data. Note that the distance from the source to the outer
radii of each range is used. For example, for the range >0.5-2.5 kilometers, the maximum terrain
rise in the range 0-2.5 kilometers is used.
28 This applies to all stacks less than or equal to 10 meters regardless of the terrain classification.
Appendix V-35
-------
Table 3
Terrain Adjusted
Effective Stack Height Generic Source No.
(m) _
<10.0 1
10.0 - 14.9 2
15.0 - 19.9 3
20.0 - 24.9 4
25.0 - 30.9 5
31.0-41.9 6
42.0 - 52.9 7
53.0 - 64.9 8
65.0-112.9 9
113.0+ 10
Downwash Source 11
Use the values obtained from Steps 10D(1) and 10D(2) to complete the following
summary worksheet:
Generic Source Number.
After Terrain Adjustment (if needed)
0 - 0.5 km >0.5 - 2.5 km >2.5 - 5.0 km
Stack No.
(E) Identify mammum average hourly dispersion coefficients.
Based on the land use classification of the site (e.g., urban or rural), use either
Table 4 or Table 5 to determine the appropriate dispersion coefficient for each distance
range for each stack. Begin at the minimum fenceline distance indicated in Step 7(B) and
recordjn the worksheet which follows, the dispersion coefficient for each stack/distance
range. For stacks located in facilities in flat terrain, the generic source numbers were
computed in Step 10(Q. For stacks located in facilities in rolling and complex terrain, the
generic source numbers were computed in Step 10(D). For flat terrain applications, and for
Appendix V-36
-------
those stacks with a physical height of less than or equal to 10 meters only one generic
source number will be used per stack for all distance ranges. For other applications, up to
three generic source numbers may be needed per stack (i.e., a unique generic source
number per distance range). In Tables 4 and 5, the dispersion coefficients for distances 6
kilometers to 20 kilometers are the same for all generic source numbers in order to
conservatively represent terrain beyond 5 kilometers (past the limits of the terrain analysis).
Record the data in the table which follows.
Appendix V-37
-------
Dispersion Coefficients by Downwind Distance29
Distance Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack 3
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
29 Note: This procedure places all stacks at the same point, but allows for consideration of different
effective stack heights. The distance to the closest boundary (extracted from Step 1) should be the
closest distance to any stack.
Appendix V-38
-------
(F) Estimate maximum hourly ambient air concentrations.
In this step, pollutant-specific emission rates are multiplied by appropriate
dispersion coefficients to estimate ambient air concentrations. For each stack, emissions
are multiplied by the dispersion coefficients selected in Step 10(E) and summed across all
stacks to estimate ambient air concentrations at various distances from the facility. From
these summed concentrations, the maximum hourly ambient air concentration is selected.
First, select the maximum emission rate the pollutant under study30. Record these data in
the spaces provided below.
Maximum Annual Emission Rates31
Pollutant Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack 3
For each pollutant, complete the following table and select the highest hourly
concentration from the summation column at the far right of the table.
30 Recall that it is recommended that this analysis be performed manually for only one or two
pollutants. The pollutants chosen for this analysis should be those that show the most significant
exceedances of the risk threshold.
31 Refer to Step 1 of the basic screening procedure. Note that at this point in the screening
procedure, annual emissions are used to represent hourly average emission rates. These values will
be adjusted by the long term/short term ratio to estimate annual average concentrations.
Appendix V-39
-------
1
.2
O iii»«Mnua«»Ma««»BB«ii»a
n •
S
LU XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX jg X
2
f
8-
55
S
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w •
a«
UJ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
if
*° s _
0 • • • II ll'
O
215
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
WJ U ^»
fc Cfl
i I
I s
p! jf
ceo " S
O O O O O o O O d o O O O O O O *- f *- *- f »• LUQO Z
Appendix V-40
-------
3
o
co •
LU xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
-------
.2
I1
O IIIIIIIIHIRNRHIRRRRRRRRR "
o »
8 i
= i
LU XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX (g X
o"
I
.s
§•
O RHRR»RRRHRRRRRRRRIIRHHR I n
(0 CM II S
;2 1
- 1
LU XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX .2 X
f'13
w
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o
M II
O • • • I I N I I R R R I R R R || | J II
LU XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 52 $ 2 -2 53 X
I p
^ R I UJ Q) e
c ^^ c^ co co ^r ^r iiO vo co co r^ r^ oo oo ^D O) ^5 ^* ^^ co ^r to cc ^3 o ^
i. ooooc>ooocioooooooi-i-«-v-«-«- uu Q O Z *-
Appendix V-42
-------
1
*v
i
.2
25
o
n •
X
-------
Record the maximum hourly air concentration for each pollutant analyzed in the
table below:
Pollutant Maximum Hourly Air Concentration
(G) Determine the complex/noncomplex designation for each stack.
For each stack subtract the maximum terrain rise out to 5 kilometers from the
physical stack height and designate the stack as either complex or noncomplex. Use the
following criteria to make this determination:
• If the stack height minus the maximum terrain rise (out to 5 kilometers) is greater
than zero, then assign the stack a noncomplex designation.
• If the stack height minus the maximum terrain rise (put to 5 kilometers) is less than
or equal to zero, then assign the stack a complex designation.
All stacks less than 10 meters in physical height are assigned a noncomplex
designation.
Perform the following computation for each stack and record the information in the
spaces provided. Check in the spaces provided whether the stack designation is complex
or noncomplex.
Stack No. Complex Noncomplex
1 Stack Height (m) - Max. Terrain Rise (m) - (m)
2 Stack Height (m) - Max. Terrain Rise (m) - (m)
3 Stack Height (m) - Max. Terrain Rise (m) - (m)
Appendix V-44
-------
(H) Identify Long-Term/Short Terra Ratios.
Extract the long-term/short-term ratios for each stack by referring to Table 6 (which
for convenience is repeated below). Generic source numbers (from Steps 10(C) or 10(D),
urban/rural designation (from Step 6), and complex or noncomplex terrain designations
(from Step 10(G)) are used to select the appropriate scaling factor to convert short-term
concentrations to estimates of annual average concentrations. The following
table must be used to complete this step.
Table 6
95th Percentile of Long-Term/Short- Tarm Ratios
NoncomoJex Terrain Complex Terrain
Source Urban Rural _ Source Urban Rural
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
9
10
11
0.019
0.033
0.031
0.029
0.028
0.028
0.031
0.030
0.029
0.029
0.018
0.014
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.015
0.013
0.011
0.008
0.015
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.020
0.020
0.030
0.051
0.067
0.059
0.036
0.026
0.026
0.017
0.020
0.053
0.053
0.057
0.047
0.039
0.034
0.031
0.024
0.024
0.013
0.053
Complete the following table.
Stack No. Generic Source No. Long-term/short-term ratio
Steps 10 (C or 0) (from Table 5)32
Distance ranges (km) Distance ranges (km)
0-0.5 >0.5-2.5 >2.5-5.0 0-0.5 >0.5-2.5 >2.5-5.0
1
2
3
32 If any stack (excluding generic stack numbers 1 and 11) in Step 10(D) shows a negative terrain
adjusted stack height, use the complex terrain long-term/short-term ratios. Note that Step 6
defines whether urban or rural ratios should be used.
Appendix V-45
-------
Select the highest ratio among the set of stacks.33 Use this ratio in Step 10(1) to
estimate maximum ambient air concentrations.
(I) Estimate maximum annual and 3-minute average concentrations for each
pollutant by completing the following table, where:
C a Maximum total hourly ambient air concentration for pollutant "N" (jig/ra3)
CA = Maximum annual average air concentration for pollutant "N" (|ig/m3)
C3-Min * Maximum 3-minute average concentration (u,g/m3)
R = Long-term/shon-term ratio
> The highest ratio (across all stacks) of the maximum 3-minute emission rate
divided by the annual average emission rate.
Max hourly cone.34 Annual averages 3-Min averages.
C CXR-CA Cx1-64xliA^"C:
Pollutant (ug/m3) (ug/m3) (ug/m3)
,x •
x - x1.64x.
(J) Determine compliance with regulatory requirements.
1. For the noncarcinogenic compounds (antimony, barium, lead, mercury, silver,
thallium, and hydrogen chloride), use the following equation to determine compliance:
Annual Ambient Air Concentration (ug/m3)33 Q
RAC(ug/m3) *
33 As m option, the user could identify the stack with the highest ratio for each distance range (rather
than die absolute highest). In this case* extra sheets would be needed to show estimated annual
average concentrations from each stack by multiplying emission rate times maximum hourly
dispersion coefficient times maximum long-term/one-hour ratio for applicable distance range.
Then sum across all stacks for each downwind distance.
34 From Step 10(F).
35 From Step 10(1). Use the 3-minute average ambient concentration to evaluate compliance on a 3-
minute basis.
Appendix V-46
-------
If the ratio for any pollutant is greater than 1, then the results indicate an exceedance
of the regulatory risk criteria.
The RACs for each pollutant are listed below:
Pollutant RAC
Antimony 0.3
Barium 50
Lead 0.09
Mercury 0.3
Silver 3
Thallium 0.3
Hd (3 minute) 150
(annual) 7
Compute the ratio for each pollutant analyzed and list the results in the spaces
provided:
Ratiq Exceedance Compliance
Pollutant
(3 minute)
2. For the carcinogenic compounds (arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, and chromium),
use the following equation to determine compliance:
Actual Risk » Annual Ambient Air Concentration36 (g/sec) x Unit Risk (m3/ug)
n
I
n
Actual Riskj
1.0X10-5 * ™
>1
where i = carcinogenic metals considered.
36 From Step 10(1).
Appendix V-47
-------
Table 2
Plum* Rise Values (m) vs. Stack Parameters
Flow rate*
(m3/sec)
<0.5
0.5-0.9
1.0-1.9
2.0-2.9
3.0-3.9
4.0-4.9
5.0-7.4
7.5-9.9
10.0-12.4
12.5-14.9
15.0-19.9
20.0-24.9
25.0-29.9
30.0-34.9
35.0-39.9
40.0-49.9
50.0-59.9
60.0-69.9
>69.9
Exhaust temperature (K)
<325
0
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
14
16
18
325-
349
0
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
8
9
10
12
13
15
18
20
350-
399
0
1
1
2
3
3
4
5
7
8
9
11
13
15
17
19
22
26
29
400-
449
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
13
17
20
22
25
28
33
38
42
450-
499
1
1
2
4
5
6
7
10
12
14
16
20
24
27
31
34
40
45
49
500-
599
1
1
2
4
6
7
8
11
14
16
19
23
27
31
35
39
44
50
54
600-
699
1
2
3
5
7
8
10
13
16
19
22
27
32
37
41
44
50
56
62
700-
799
1
2
3
5
7
9
11
14
18
21
24
30
35
40
44
48
55
61
67
800-
999
1
2
3
6
8
10
11
15
19
22
26
32
38
42
46
50
57
64
70
1000
1499
1
3
4
6
8
10
12
17
21
24
28
35
41
45
50
54
61
68
75
>1499
1
2
4
7
9
11
13
18
23
27
31
38
44
49
54
58
66
74
81
(1) Using the given stack exit flow rate and gas temperature.
find the corresponding plume rise value from the above table.
(2) Add the physical stack height to the corresponding plume rise values
[effective stack height • physical stack height + plume rise).
'Plume rise is a function of buoyancy and momentum which are in turn
functions of flow rate, not simply exit velocity. Flow Rate is defined
as the inner cross-sectional area of the stack multiplied by the exR
velocity of the stack gases.
Appendix V-16
-------
(C) Go to the first column of Table 3 and identify the range of effective stack
heights that includes the effective stack height estimated in Step 5(B). Identify the generic
source number that corresponds to this range. For all facilities where the physical height of
the worst-case stack is less than the minimum GEP, generic source number 11 should be
used.
Table 3
Effective Stack Height
(m>
<10.0
10.0 - 14.9
15.0 - 19.9
20.0 - 24.9
25.0 - 30.9
31.0-41.9
42.0 - 52.9
53.0 - 64.9
65.0-112.9
113.0+
Downwash Source
Generic Source No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
(D) The generic source number (without terrain adjustment) identified by the
preceding step will be used in subsequent steps of this procedure. Record the generic
source number below.
Generic source number » .
(E) If the source is located in flat terrain l2, if the physical stack height of the
worst case stack is less than or equal to 10 meters13, or if the generic source number
identified in Step 5(D) above is 1 or 11 (regardless of terrain classification) then the
effective stack height will not be adjusted to account for terrain. If any of these conditions
are met, use die generic source number determined in Step S(D) and proceed directly to
Step 6. Otherwise, continue through the remainder of this step.
12
13
Rat terrain is defined in this report as follows: If the maximum terrain rise within 5 kilometers of
the facility is less than 10 percent of the physical stack height of the worst-case stack, the location
is considered to be flat and terrain adjustment factors will not be considered.
This condition applies regardless of terrain characteristics.
Appendix V-17
-------
Use the following calculation to identify flat areas.
Terrain Rise14 (m)
Physical Worst-Case Stack Height (m)
x 100 =
If the value is less than 10 percent then the source is in flat terrain. Use the generic
source number recorded in Step 5(D) and proceed directly to Step 6.
(F) For those situations where the conditions of Step 5(E) do not apply, the
effective stack height must be adjusted for terrain. The terrain adjusted effective stack
height (TAESH) is computed by subtracting the terrain rise for each distance range from the
effective stack height (identified in Step 5(B)). Complete the following table to estimate the
terrain adjusted effective stack height.:
Distance Range
(m)
0-0.5 km
>0.5- 2.5 km
>2.5- 5.0 km
Effective Stack -
Height (m)15
Maximum Terrain
Rise(m)16
ma*. MITOT HM (0-0.5 Km)
max. wram nt» (0-2.5 Km)
max. «rran HM (0-5.0 ton)
TAESH(m)
If the terrain rise for any of the distance ranges is greater than the effective stack
height, set the terrain adjusted effective stack height (TAESH) equal to zero and use
generic source number 1 for mat distance range.
14
15
16
Maximum terrain rise within 5 kilometers of the facility.
In this analysis, the effective stack height is considered to be constant across each distance range.
The effective stack height was determined in Step 5(B). In most cases, however, the maximum
terrain rise will vary for each distance range.
The distance ranges used to identify maximum terrain rise are 0-0.5. 0-2.5, and 0-5.0. These
ranges correspond to the data requirements of WORKSHEET 1. Consideration of the maximum
terrain rise from the release point to the outer edge of each distance range must be specified to
ensure that dispersion in complex terrain situations are conservatively treated. This procedure is
particularly needed for those situations where the maximum terrain rise is lower in the outer
distance ranges than in the distance ranges closer to the source.
Appendix V-lg
-------
(G) Table 3 (which is repeated below for convenience) displays ranges of effective
release heights for the 1 1 generic sources. For each distance range, identify the generic
source that contains the terrain adjusted effective stack height (TAESH). Record this
information in the space provided. These generic source numbers will be used in the
subsequent steps of this analysis (in lieu of the generic source initially determined in Step
Table 3
Terrain adjusted
effective stack height
(trrt
Generic source No.
<10.0
10.0-14.9
15.0-19.9
20.0 - 24.9
25.0 - 30.9
31.0-41.9
42.0 - 52.9
53.0 - 64.9
65.0-112.9
113.0+
Downwash Source
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Record the generic source numbers in the following spaces:
Distance Range
0-0.5
>0.5 -
>2.5 - 5.0
Generic source No.
fatter terrain adjustment^
The dispersion coefficients estimated in this screening procedure are a function not
only of generic source number, but also urban/rural classification. Step 6 present guidance
for estimating urban/rural classification.
Appendix V-19
-------
Step 6: Classify the Site as Urban or Rural
To utilize this screening procedure, the user must classify the land area within a 3-
kilometer radius of the facility as either urban or rural. This classification can be made
using the simplified procedure shown in Appendix I of the Metals Guidance Document.
The steps for this classification procedure are presented below. The user should document
the classification procedure in the spaces provided:
1. Determine the percentage of urban land use types (as defined in Appendix I)
that fall within 3 kilometers of the facility.
Method Used to Estimate Percent Urban Visual Planimeter
Land Use (check applicable space)
2. Determine the percentage of the land use that is urban by multiplying the
ratio of the urban area to the area of the 3-kilometer circle by 100. The
remaining percentage is considered ruraL
Estimated Percentages Urban Rural
(check applicable spaces)
3. If the urban land use percentage is less than or equal to 30 percent based on
a visual estimate (or 50 percent if based on a planimeter), use the rural tables
in Tab B.
If the urban land use percentage (as defined in Appendix I) is greater than
30 percent (or SO percent based on planimeter measurements), the most
conservative (lower) value between the urban and rural screening tables
(Tables 3 and 4) should be used, or the standard Auer land use technique
should be applied (Auer 1978, EPA 1986 Guideline on Air Quality
Models).
Classification Urban Rural
(check applicable space)
Step 7: Identify Maximum Dispersion Coefficients
(A) Select dispersion coefficients.
Based on the results of Step 6, select either Table 4 (urban) or Table 5 (rural) to be
used to identify dispersion coefficients.
Appendix V-20
-------
Table 4
ISCST Predicted Maximum Concentrations (ng/m3)*
for Hazardous Wast* Incinerators Using Urban Conditions
Gwwne Gantnc Gentnc Gwwnc Gwwic G«wnc G«rwnc G«n«nc Gwwnc Gananc Garwnc
Score* Source Some* Souro Source Source Source Source Source Sourci Source
DISTANCE ft a * ** * * # m * *10 f1l
(KM) (<10M) (10 Ml (15 M|
0.20
025
040
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.80
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
O.S5
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.10
120
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
225
2.50
2.75
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
680.1
521.9
407.7
3212
288.5
240.8
218.5
200.3
185.1
1722
1612
151.6
1432
135.8
1292
123.3
118.0
108.6
101.1
94.6
89.0
84.1
79.8
76.0
72.7
89.6
66.9
61.1
56.4
52J
494
402
34J
30.7
27.8
25.5
23.8
22.3
17.8
1S.O
517.5
4182
351.7
3042
268.5
240.7
218.5
200.3
185.1
1722
1612
151.6
1432
1318
1292
123.3
118.0
108.8
101.1
94.6
89.0
84.1
79J
78.0
72.7
69.6
66.9
61.1
56.4
52J
494
402
34.5
30.7
27.8
25.5
23J
224
17J
15.0
368.7
303.7
2562
221.6
195.6
175.4
159.2
145.9
134.9
125.5
117.4
110.5
104.4
99.0
942
89.9
86.0
79.3
73.7
68.9
64.8
6U
582
514
53.0
50.7
48.6
445
41.1
384
35.9
294
252
30.7
27.8
23.5
23J
224
17.6
15.0
(20 M) (25 Ml (31 M)
268.7
232.6
199.0
172.7
1524
136.7
124.1
113.8
105.1
97.8
91.6
86.1
81.4
772
73.4
70.1
67.0
61.8
57.4
53.7
50.6
47.8
414
432
41.3
39.6
310
34.7
32.1
29.9
210
22.6
19.6
30.7
27.8
215
23.8
22.3
17.6
15.0
168.5
163.0
147.0
1302
115.7
103.9
94.4
86.5
80.0
74.4
69.6
85.5
61.9
517
518
534
51.0
47.0
43.7
40.9
38.5
36.3
34.5
32.9
31.4
30.1
28.9
28.4
24.4
22.7
214
17.4
14.9
30.7
27.8
25.S
23.8
224
17.6
15.0
129.8
1242
1184
107.9
97.1
87.6
79.7
73.1
67.6
62.9
58.9
55.4
524
49.6
472
45.0
43.1
39.7
36.9
34.5
32.5
30.7
292
27.8
264
25.4
24.4
224
20.6
192
110
14.7
12.8
30.7
27.8
25.5
23.8
22.3
17.6
15.0
(« M)
83.4
67.6
63.5
60.8
59.6
56.6
52.9
492
45.8
42.7
40.1
37.7
35.6
33.8
32.1
30.7
29.4
27.1
252
23.5
22.1
20.9
19.9
119
111
17.3
16.7
152
14.0
13.1
124
10.0
8.6
30.7
27.8
25.5
23.8
224
17.6
15.0
(53M) (65M)
30.1
38.5
41.5
40.5
37.8
37.2
36.7
35.4
33.8
32.0
302
28.6
27.1
25.7
24.5
23.4
22.4
20.6
192
18.0
16.9
16.0
152
14.4
13.8
132
12.7
11.6
10.7
10.0
9.4
74
6.6
30.7
27.8
25.5
23.8
224
17.6
15.0
18.4
19.8
25.0
27.3
27.4
26.3
24.7
24.5
24.3
23.7
22.9
22.0
21.1
202
19.3
18.5
17.7
16.4
152
142
13.4
12.7
12.0
11.4
10.9
10J
10.1
92
84
7.9
7.4
11
52
30.7
27.8
25.5
23.8
224
17.6
15.0
(113 M| (Oownwash)
1.6
32
42
5.4
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.6
7.1
7.4
7.5
74
7.4
72
7.0
6.8
64
64
6.4
64
6.1
5.9
54
14
52
54
4.6
4.4
4.1
3.8
3.6
2.9
24
30.7
27.8
25.5
23.8
224
17.6
15.0
662.3
500.0
389.3
311.9
266.5
240.8
218.5
200.3
165.1
1722
1612
151.6
1432
135.8
1292
1234
118.0
1084
101.1
94.6
89.0
84.1
79.8
76.0
72.7
616
66.9
61.1
56.4
52.6
494
402
34.5
30.7
27.8
25.5
23.8
22.3
17.6
15.0
' BASED ON A1GRAM/SECOND EMBSCN RATE
Appendix V-21
-------
Tab Is 5
ISCST Predicted Maximum Concentrations
for Hazardous Wast* Incinerators Using Rural Conditions
DISTANCE
(KM)
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
• 0.90
0.95
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
Genenc
Score*
ffl
(<10M)
1771.1
13104
10023
798.4
658.9
6215
633.5
630.1
616.6
596.7
573.2
5464
520.9
495.7
4713
4483
426.8
3875
353.1
323.0
296.6
273.3
252.7
2345
2183
203.7
190.7
164.4
143.7
127.0
113.4
78.6
59.1
46.7
40.4
35.8
32.2
29.4
203
15.9
Genenc
SoufOi
a
(10 M|
6703
678.4
629.2
569.6
5165
471.1
432.4
398.2
370.4
345.4
323.4
304.0
286J
2713
2S7J
245.4
234.2
214.7
198.4
1894
1822
174.6
167.0
1593
152.4
1453
139.1
1245
112.1
1015
92.4
67.3
54.6
46.7
40.4
35.8
32.2
29.4
205
15.9
Generic
Source
»
(15 M)
308.6
316.9
303.4
2823
278.7
277.6
272.0
263.8
254.0
243.6
232.9
2223
21Z1
202.4
1933
184.7
176.8
1625
1503
139.9
130.8
1223
115.9
109.7
104.1
99.1
94.6
8S.1
77.3
70.9
65.6
50.6
41.4
45.7
40.4
3S.8
32-2
29.4
20.5
15.9
Generic
Source
M
M20M)
176.8
183.6
199.1
200.7
194.4
1843
172.7
168.0
169.1
168.1
165.6
162.0
157.7
153.0
148.1
143.1
138.1
128.2
119.3
111.5
104.5
98.3
92.8
67.9
63.5
79.5
75.9
68.3
62.1
56.9
52.6
40.6
33.2
46.7
40.4
35.8
32.2
29.4
20.5
15.9
Generic
Source
IS
(25 M)
102.8
104.6
100.4
117.0
125.2
1273
125.7
121.6
116.2
1103
104.5
98.8
98.8
99.0
98.6
97.6
963
91.9
87.4
82.9
78.7
74.7
71 J)
67.6
64.4
615
58.6
53.0
482
443
40.9
31 A
25.8
46.7
40.4
35.8
322
29.4
20.5
15.9
Generic
Source
*
(31 M)
76.5
71.8
75.0
71.1
82.7
89.7
92.9
933-
91.8
992
85.8
822
785
74.9
71.4
723
725
71.1
69.1
66.7
642
61.6
59.1
56.7
543
52.1
50.0
45.4
41.4
38.1
352
272
222
46.7
40.4
35.8
322
29.4
20.5
15.9
Generic
Source
«7
(42 M)
28.0
38.0
39.7
363
352
35.6
34.4
38.6
42.6
453
47.0
47.7
47.6
47.4
46.6
45.6
44.4
41.8
39.1
36.6
343
323
31.8
31.6
313
30.9
30.4
283
272
25.6
24.0
19.0
15.6
46.7
40.4
35.8
322
29.4
205
15.9
Genenc
Source
IB
(53 Ml
10.1
17.6
24.0
25.9
24.6
21.7
216
22.1
21.7
20.9
23.3
25.5
27.1
283
29.1
29.6
29.8
295
28.6
27.5
26.2
24.9
23.6
22.5
21.4
20.4
19.5
18.1
17.9
17.5
17.0
143
12.0
46.7
40.4
35.8
322
29.4
20.5
15.9
Generic
Source
«
(65 M)
3.5
7.9
12.6
16.8
18.1
17.6
15.9
13.6
14.3
14.7
14.6
143
13.8
15.0
16.3
17.3
162
193
19.8
19.8
19.5
19.0
18.4
17.7
17.0
163
15.7
142
12.9
11.8
112
10.4
93
46.7
40.4
35.8
322
29.4
205
15.9
Genenc
Source
ro
(113 M)
0.0
02
0.8
1.9
3.1
4.3
5.5
6.5
6.7
6.4
5.9
55
5.1
4.7
45
42
4.0
3.9
4.1
42
42
42
42
43
45
43
5.1
5.4
55
5.4
52
43
35
46.7
40.4
35.8
322
29.4
20.5
15.9
Generic
Source
•11
(Downwash)
1350.8
1227.3
1119.3
1023.8
938.9
851.8
787.8
730.6
679.4
633.4
592.0
554.6
522.1
491.8
4642
4383
4153
375.0
3403
310.4
284.6
262.0
2422
224.7
211.9
198.4
1863
1604
140.7
1245
1125
78.3
58.8
46.7
40.4
35.8
322
29.4
20.5
15.9
' BASH) ON A1ORAMSECCND EMSSON RATE
Appendix V-22
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