EPA/540/2-89/021
SNVIRONMENTA*
FROTECTWW
AGENCY
•AUAS, TEXAS
SUPERFUND TREATABILITY
CLEARINGHOUSE
Document Reference:
Summary report "Harbauer Soil Cleaning System." 10 pp. Received at U.S. EPA
Headquarters on November 20,1987.
EPA LIBRARY NUMBER:
Super-fund Treatabillty Clearinghouse • EVAR
PHASE DO HI Fid LIBRARY
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SUFERFUND TREATABILITY CLEARINGHOUSE ABSTRACT
Treatment Process: Physical/Chemical - Soil Washing
Media: Soil/Sandy
Document Reference: Summary report. "Harbauer Soil Cleaning System."
10 pp. Received at U.S. EPA Headquarters on
November 20, 1987.
Document Type: Contractor/Vendor Treatability Study
Contact: W. Werner, President
Harbauer, Inc.
Berlin, W. Germany
Site Name: Pintsch Oil Site (Non-NPL)
Location of Test: Berlin, West Germany
BACKGROUND; This document reports on the use of a soil cleaning system to
remove contaminants from various types of soils by washing and concurrently
vibrating the soils to force the contaminant into the liquid phase. The
system was developed by Harbauer and is being used in Berlin, Germany at a
site contaminated with waste oils.
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION; The contaminated soil is mixed with the
extractant liquid and introduced into a decontamination chamber. The
chamber contains a device resembling a giant auger to which mechanical
energy is applied axially in the form of vibrations. Separation is
achieved continuously as the contaminated soil is moved through the system.
A vibrating system was utilized as it allows for control of process condi-
tions. The two most important parameters affecting system performance are
residence time and the energy density of the vibrations. Residence time is
varied by controlling the rotation speed of the auger which moves the
material through the chamber. Energy density is controlled by altering the
frequency and amplitude of the vibrations. There are four basic process
parameters that must be optimized or controlled for a successful cleanup.
They are: 1) producing a stable soil/liquid suspension, 2) extraction of
the pollutants through the use of mechanical energy, 3) separation of the
soil/liquid phases after extraction and 4) separation of the pollutant from
the vater phase and reuse of the extractant. The system is closed but no
information vas provided on system capacity. No QA/QC plan is contained in
the document. No site specific information on the amount of soils requir-
ing treatment or contaminant levels was provided. Dirty water from the
soil washing operation at the Berlin site is incorporated into the overall
groundwater cleanup process. This water meets effluent standards and may
be released directly into neighboring waterways.
PERFORMANCE; The current state of the art allows for use of this technique
in 0.06 mm to 0.6 mm particle size range. Research is being conducted to
extend the technique down to the 0.006 mm particle size range to clean clay
and other fine materials. Tests were conducted on a variety of different
soils (sandy, silt and clay) contaminated with organic petroleum product,
3/89-26 Document Number: EVAR
NOTE: Quality assurance of data may not be appropriate for all uses.
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phenol chloride, PAH, PCB and cyanides. Removal efficiencies ranged from
84£ to 100%. Clay soil had the lowest removal efficiency. Table 1 shows
the results of tests on contaminated clay soil. The technique appears to
remove various contaminants from the soil, however, no information is
provided on the amount of contaminant the water extraction process alone
removes versus the amount of contaminant removed by the energy introduced
into the system. No results were provided on the effect of increasing the
energy density on contaminant removal efficiency.
CONTAMINANTS;
Analytical data is provided in the treatability study report. The
breakdown of the contaminants by treatability group is:
Treatability Group
W02-Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
W08-Polynuclear Aromatics
W09-0ther Polar Compounds
W13-0ther Organics
CAS Number
1336-36-3
TOT-PAH
108-95-2
TEH
TOC
Contaminants
Total PCBs
Total Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Phenol
Total Extractable Hydro-
carbons
Total Organic Carbon
TABLE 1
RESULTS OF SOIL WASHING TESTS ON A CLAY SOIL
Pollutants
Input
Pollutant Level
(mg/kg)
Remaining
Pollutant Level
(mg/kg)
Washing Success
% Removed
Total Organics 4440
Petroleum Extract
Total Phenol 165
PAH 948
BOX (mgCWkg) 33.5
PCB 11.3
ND m None Detected
159
22.5
91.4
ND
1.3
96.4
86.4
90.4
100
88.3
Note: This is a partial listing of data. Refer to the document for more
information.
3/89-26 Document Number: EVAR
NOTE: Quality assurance of data may not be appropriate for all uses.
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HARBAUER SOIL CLEANING SYSTEM
The Harbauer soil cleaning system is a wet extraction process
which uses mechanical energv in the form of specially produced
oscillations or vibrations to achieve the initial separation
of soil particles and pollutant.
The sample material, mixed with extractant, is introduced
into the decontamination chamber. This chamber contains a
device resembling a giant auger to which mechanical energy is
applied axially in the form of vibrations. Separation is
achieved on a continuous basis as the sample is moved forward
by rotation of the auger under constant vibration.
Harbauer evaluated all other existing technologies including
the water knife before developing the present system. The
vibrational system was selected because it permits control of
the process conditions. This permits greater efficiency
in the cleanup of the wide range of existing pollutant situations,
e.g., soil types, pollutant types, and pollutant concentration
levels.
The two most imoortant parameters affecting the success of
clean-up are the residence time of the sample in the decontam-
ination chamber and the energy density of the vibrations in
the chamber. Residence time is controlled by controlling the
rotation speed of the auger which moves the sample material
through the chamber. Energy density is controlled by altering
the frequency, amplitude, and acceleration of the oscillations.
The four basic problem areas for successful clean-up are:
The production of an optimum suspension {minimization of
solids) ,
»
The extraction ol: pollutants while minimizing the use
of additional chemicals through substitution of mechanical
energv ,
The separation of the solid/liquid phase (extractant from
the sand/pollutant material) ,
The separation of the pollutant from the water phase and
recirculation of extractant.
The system is a closed system with recirculation of the extractant
It is operating at present in Berlin at the former Pintsch
oil site in conjunction with a groundwater cleanup plant.
Dirty water from the soil washing operation is incorporated
into the overall groundwater cleanup process, and this water
meets all effluent standards and may be released directly into
the neighboring waterway.
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HARBAUER SOIL CLEANING PROCESS
STEP 1 PREPARATION
o Sample preparation to 12 mm particle size
o Mixing of Soil and extractant
STEP 2 EXTRACTION
o Sample extractant mixture is introduced into
the chamber.
o Sample is conveyed through the chamber by an
element resembling a large auger screw, which
is turned to move the sample forward through
the chamber.
o Specially produced oscillations or vibrations
(using hydraulic propulsion) at high energy are
applied axially to the screw conveyer to
^r
{ vibrate soil particles and separate pollutant.
STEP 3 PHASE SEPARATION OF WATER/SAND MIXTURE — WITH REMOVAL
OF CLEANED PARTICLES
STEP 4 EXTRACTANT/POLLUTANT SEPARATED, WITH RECYCLING OF CLEAN
EXTRACTANT
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X -
8 8 8
- *}(f>tM*o m
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Diagramm I
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SANDY EARTH
andboden
Pollutant
Schadstoff
Input
beiastung
Remaining
Pollutant
TlesE-
belastung
Cleanup
Results
Wascnerfolg
(°/ }
\fa)
TOTAL ORGAN I CS
PETROLEUM EXTRACT.
organische Gesamt-
belastung (Petrol-
hter-Extrakt)
in (mg/kg)
TOTAL PHENOL (MG/KG)
Gesamtphenol
in (mg/kg)
(MG/KG)
AK (mg/kg)
EOX (mg Cl /kg) .
PCB (mg/kg)
(MG/KG)
5403,0
115,0
728,4
"90f3
w^
3,2
201,0
96.3
7,0
97,5
n. n.
0,5
93,9
' 86,6
100,0
84,1
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/
Schadstoff
XNPlH
Ausgangs-
belastung
Rest- Wascherfolg (%)
belastung
TOTAL ORGAN 1^5 r
PETROLEUM/I EXTRACT. (MG/KG)
organische Gesamt-
belastung (Petrol-
0ther-Extrakt)
in (mg/kg) 4566,0
TOTAL PHENOL (MG/KG)
Gesamtphenol
in (mg/kg)
(MG/KGl
PAK (mg/kg)
585,0
1779,4
835
32
33,2
98,2
994
98,1
BOX (mg CL~/kg)
50,9 Nachprobe ist bestellt
PCB (mg/kg)
0,683
0,040
> 90
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/
Lehmboden
Schadstoff
Ausgangs-
belastung
'. A iV«
Rest- Wascherfolg
belastung
iU
organische Gesamt-
belastung (Pet-
Extrakt)
in (mg/kg)
Gesamtphenol
in (mg/kg)
ro\\jan/fl\*T.c-
PAK7 (mg/kgj
*EOX (mg Cl"/kg)
PCB (mg/kg)
4440,5
165,0
947,8
33,5
11,3
159,0
22,5
91,4
n.n.
1,3
96,4
*
86,4
90,4
~100,0
88,3
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