vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-600/7-79-176b
August 1979
Multimedia Environmental
Goals for Environmental
Assessment; Volume IV.
MEG Charts and
Background Information
Summaries
(Categories 13-26)
Interagency
% ff Energy/Environment
^ "-**"g R&D Program Report
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series. Reports in this series result from the
effort funded under the 17-agency Federal Energy/Environment Research and
Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's mission to protect the public
health and welfare from adverse effects of pollutants associated with energy sys-
tems. The goal of the Program is to assure the rapid development of domestic
energy supplies in an environmentally-compatible manner by providing the nec-
essary environmental data and control technology. Investigations include analy-
ses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health and ecological
effects; assessments of, and development of, control technologies for energy
systems; and integrated assessments of a wide range of energy-related environ-
mental issues.
EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the participating Federal Agencies, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the Government, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/7-79-176b
August 1979
Multimedia Environmental Goals for
Environmental Assessment; Volume IV.
MEG Charts and Background Information
Summaries (Categories 13-26)
by
G.L Kingsbury, R.C. Sims, and J.B. White
Research Triangle Institute
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
Contract No. 68-02-2612 (W.A.72) and 68-02-3132
Program Element No. INE825
EPA Project Officer: T. Kelly Janes
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
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ABSTRACT
Multimedia Environmental Goals (MEG's) are levels of significant
contaminants or degradents (in ambient air, water, or land or in emissions
of effluents conveyed to the ambient media) that are judged to be (1)
appropriate for preventing certain negative effects in the surrounding
populations or ecosystems, or (2) representative of the control limits
achievable through technology. MEG's are projected for more than 650
pollutants. Volumes III and IV address 586 organic compounds.
In the context of deriving MEG's, these volumes attempt (1) to
offer perspective on the broad range of contaminants whose control
is of vital interest to both industry and the public; (2) to further
develop and define indicators designating which contaminants must be
given priority consideration for immediate control and for subsequent
research; (3) to bring existing and emerging data together in a format
efficient for use in environmental assessment; and (4) to explore some
basic methodologies which provide the present goals, and which also
suggest directions for refined methodologies.
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CONTENTS
Abstract ii
Preferred Names and Synonyms for Organic Compounds
Addressed by MEG's iv
Molecular Formula Index for Organic Compounds
Addressed by MEG's xxvlii
Appendix A MEG Charts and Background Information
Summaries xxxv
Category 13 Thiols, Sulfides, Bisulfides A-483
Category 14 Sulfonic Acids, Sulfoxides A-509
Category 15 Benzene, Substituted Benzene
Hydrocarbons A-519
Category 16 Halogenated Aromatic Compounds A-561
Category 17 Aromatic Nitro Compounds A-593
Category 18 Phenols A-611
Category 19 Halogenated Phenolic Compounds A-659
Category 20 Nitrophenols A-673
Category 21 Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons A-693
Category 22 Fused Non-alternant Polycyclic
Hydrocarbons A-77 5
Category 23 Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds A-811
Category 24 Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds A-891
Category 25 Heterocyclic S Compounds A-911
Category 26 Organophosphorus Compounds A-931
iii
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PREFERRED NAMES AND SYNONYMS FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ADDRESSED BY MEG'S
COMPOUND/ELEMENT CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Acenaphthene
1-Acenaphthol
Acenaphthylene
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Acetic acid
Acetic acid amide
Acetic aldehyde
Acetone
Acetone dichloride
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acetylbenzene
Acetylene
Acetylene dichloride
Acetylene tetrachloride
Acridan
Acridine
Acrolein
Acrolein dichloride
Acrylic aldehyde
AeryIon
Acrylonitrile
Active arayl alcohol
Adipic acid
Aerothene TT
Alkanes (C = 10, 11)
Ally 1 amine
3-Amino propylene
Ami no-methane
2-Amino-l-propanol
3-Amino-l-propanol
4-Amino-l,2-dimethyl benzene
2-Amino-l,3-dimethyl benzene
2-Amino-l,4-diinethyl benzene
2-Ami no-2-methylpropane
l-Amino-2-propanol
l-Amino-2,3-dimethyl benzene
l-Amino-2,4-dimethyl benzene
Oi[-4-amino-3-chlorophenyl]methane
l-A,Tiino-3,5-dimethyl benzene
2-Ami no-4,6-di nitrophenol
4-Aminoaniline
Aminoanisole
2"Aminoanisole
4-Aminoanisole
Aminobenzene
4-Aminobiphenyl
1-Aminobutane
2-Aminobutane
Aminobutanes
Aminocaproic acid
6-Aminocaproic acid
Aminocyclohexane
Ami nodimethylbenzenes
1-Aminoethane
2-Aminoethanol
6-Aminohexanoic acid
6-Aminohexanoic lactam
1-Ami nonaphthalene
2-Aminonaphthalene
1-Aminopropane
3-Aminopropene
2-Aminopropylalcohol
2-Aminotoluene
3-Aminotoluene
21A100 Acenaphthene
18C100 1-Acenaphthol
21A120 Acenaphthylene
07A040 Acetaldehyde
08C040 Acetamide
08A040 Acetic acid
08C040 Acetamide
07A040 Acetaldehyde
07B020 Acetone
02A344 2,2-Dichloropropane
09A020 Acetonitrile
07B120 Acetophenone
078120 Acetophenone
01C020 Acetylene
02B040 1,2-Oichloroethene
02A300 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
23B100 Dihydroacridine
23B080 Acridine
07A060 Acrolein
02B106 3,3-Dichloropropene
07A060 Acrolein
09A040 Acrylonitrile
09A040 Acrylonitrile
05A122 2-Methyl-l-butanol
08A180 Adipic acid
02A280 Trichloroethane
01A240 Alkanes (C = 10, 11)
10A110 3-Aminopropene
10A110 3-Aminopropene
10A020 Methyl amine
10A121 2-Amino-1-propanol
10A122 3-Amino-l-propanol
10C065 3,4-Xylidine
10C064 2,6-Xylidine
10C063 2,5-Xylidine
10A143 2-Amino-2-methylpropane
10A123 l-Amino-2-propanol
10C061 2,3-Xylidine
10C062 2,4-Xylidine
10C180 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)
10C066 3,5-Xylidine
20A080 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol
10C100 1,4-Diaminobenzene
10C080 Anisi dines
10C081 o-Anisidine
10C083 p-Anisidine
10C020 Aniline
10C120 4-Aminobiphenyl
10A141 1-Aminobutane
10A142 2-Aminobutane
10A140 Butyl amines
08B100 6-Aminohexanoic acid
088100 6-Aminohexanoic acid
10A160 Cyclohexylamine
10C060 Dimethylanilines
10A040 Ethlyamine
10A060 Ethanolamine
08B100 6-Aminohexanoic acid
08C060 6-Hexanelactam
10C200 1-Aminonaphthalene
10C220 2-Aminonaphthalene
10A100 1-Aminopropane
10A110 3-Aminopropene
10A121 2-Amino-1-propanol
10C041 2-Aminotoluene
10C042 3-Aminotoluene
iv
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COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
4-Aminotoluene
Aminotoluenes
n-Amyl acetate
sec-Amyl acetate
Amyl acetates
Amy! acetic ether
Amyl alcohol
sec-Amyl alcohol
t-Amyl alcohol
Amy! alcohols
Amyl alcohols
Amyl hydride
a-n-Amylene
cis-8-n-Amylene
trans-B-n-Amylene
Amylenes
Di-n-amylnitrosamine
Aniline
o-Anisidine
m-Anisidine
p-Anisidine
Anisi dines
Anthracene
2-Anthracenethiol
9-Anthracenethiol
Anthracenethiols
Anthraquinone-disulfonic acids
9,10-Anthraquinone-1,5-disulfonic acid
9,10-Anthraquinone-l,6-disulfonic acid
9,10-Anthraquinone-1,7-disulfonic acid
9,10-Anthraquinone-l,8-disulfonic acid
Aroclors
l-Aza-2,4-cyclopentadiene
10-Azaanthracene
Azabenzene
Azacyclopropane
2-Azafluoranthene
9-Azafluorene
1-Azaindene
9-Azaphenanthrene
Azimethylene
Azine
Aziridine
Azole
B(a)P
B(b)F
B(j)F
BA
Banana oil
Benz(a)acridine
Benz(a)acridine
Benz(a)anthracene
Benz(a)anthrene-7(12H)one
Benz(a)phenanthrene
Benz(c)acridine
Benz(c)acridine
Benz(e)acephenantrylene
l,2-Benz-10-anthrone
2,3-Benz-4-azafluorene
1,2-Benzacridine
3,4-Benzacridine
Benzaldehyde
2,3-Benzanthracene
1,2-Benzanthracene
1-Benzazine
1-Benzazole
10C043 4-Aminotoluene
10C040 Aminotoluenes
08D141 n-Amyl acetate
08D142 sec-Amy! acetate
08D140 Amyl acetates
08D141 n-Amyl acetate
05A121 n-Pentanol
05B061 2-Pentanol
05C040 t-Pentanol
05A120 Pentanols, (primary)
05B060 Pentanols, (secondary)
01A101 n-Pentane
018101 1-Pentene
01B102 cis-2-Pentene
01B103 trans-2-Pentene
01B100 Pentenes
12A100 N-Nitrosodipentylamine
10C020 Aniline
10C081 o-Anisidine
10C082 m-Anisidine
10C083 p-Anisidine
10C080 Anisi dines
21A140 Anthracene
13A121 2-Anthracenethiol
13A122 9-Anthracenethiol
13A120 Anthracenethiols
14A040 Anthraquinone-disulfonic acids
14A041 9,10-Anthraquinone-l,5-disulfonic acid
14A042 9,10-Anthraquinone-l,6-disulfonic acid
14A043 9,10-Anthraquinone-l,7-disulfonic acid
14A044 9,10-Anthraquinone-l,8-disulfonic acid
16A220 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's)
23C020 Pyrrole
23B080 Acridine
23A020 Pyridine
10B020 Ethyleneimine
23B300 Indeno(l,2,3-ij)isoquinoline
23C080 Carbazole
23C040 Indole
23B120 Phenanthridine
11A020 Oiazomethane
23A020 Pyridine
10B020 Ethyleneimine
23C020 Pyrrole
21C100 Benzo(a)pyrene
22C080 Benzo(b)fluoranthene
22C040 Benzo(j)f1uoranthene
21B040 Benz(a)anthracene
080143 Isoamyl acetate
23B120 Benz(a)acridine
23B180 Benz(a)acridine
21B040 Benz(a)anthracene
07B160 5,6-8enzo-9-anthrone
21B120 Chrysene
23B200 Benz(c)acridine
23B200 Benz(c)acridine
22C080 Benzo(b)fluoranthene
07B160 5,6-Benzo-9-anthrone
23B280 2,3-Benz-4-azafluorene
23B180 Benz(a)acridine
23B200 8enz(c)acridine
07A140 Benzaldehyde
21B020 Naphthacene
21B040 8enz(a)anthracene
23B021 Quinoline
23C040 Indole
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COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
1,2-Benzcarbazole
Benzene
Benzene carbinol
g-Benzene hexachloride
Benzene methanol
Benzene-trans-hexachloride
Benzenecarbinal
Benzenecarboxylic acid
1,4-Benzenediamine
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid
o-Benzenediol
m-Benzenediol
1,4-Benzenediol
Benzenesulfonic acid
Benzenetetrahydn'de
Benzenethiol
1,2,3-Benzenetriol
8,9-Benzfluoranthene
7,8-Benzfluoranthene
Benzidine
4,5-Benzindane
2,3-Benzindene
Benzino form
Benzo(a)carbazole
11 H-Benzo(a)carbazole
Benzo(a)fluorene
ll-HBenzo(a)fluorene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)anthracene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(b)fluorene
ll-HBenzo(b)fluorene
Benzo(b)naphtho(l,2-d)thiophene
Benzo(b)naphtho(2,l-d)thiophene
Benzo(b)naphtho(2,3-d)furan
Benzo(b)naphtho(2,3-d)thiophene
Benzo(b)ptienanthrene
Benzo(b)pyridine
Benzo(b)quinoline
Benzo(b)thiophene
Benzo(b)triphenylene
Benzo(c)phenanthrene
Benzo(c)phenanthrene and Alkyl derivatives
Benzo(c)pyridine
Benzo(c)quinoline
Benzo(def)phenanthrene
Benzo(e)pyrene
Benzo(f)quinoline
Benzo(g)chrysene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Benzo(h)quinoline
Benzo(j)fluoranthene
Benzo(j,k)f1uorene
Benzo(k)f1uoranthene
Benzo(k)xanthene
Benzo(rst)pentaphene
5,6-Benzo-9-anthrone
11,12-Benzof1uoranthene
10,11-Benzof1uoranthene
2,3-Benzofluoranthene
2,3-Benzofluorene
1,2-Benzofluorene
Benzofuran
Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid phenyl ester
Benzoic aldehyde
23C120 Benzo(a)carbazole
15A020 Benzene
05A140 Benzyl alcohol
02A380 Hexachlorocyclohexane
05A140 Benzyl alcohol
02A380 Hexachlorocyclohexane
07A140 Benzaldehyde
08A160 Benzoic acid
10C100 1,4-Oiarainobenzene
08A200 Phthalic acid
18B020 Catechol
18B040 1,3-Dihydroxybenzene
18B060 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
14A020 Benzenesulfonic acid
01B160 Cyclohexene
13A100 Benzenethiol
18B080 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene
22C020 Benzo(k)fluoranthene
22C040 Benzo(j)fluoranthene
10C140 Benzidine
22A040 Cyclopentanonaphthalene
22A020 Fluorene
02A240 Carbon Tetrachloride
23C120 Benzo(a)carbazole
23C120 Benzo(a)carbazole
22B060 1,2-Benzofluorene
22B060 1,2-Benzofluorene
21C100 Benzo(a)pyrene
21B020 Naphthacene
22C080 Benzo(b)fluoranthene
22B020 2,3-Benzofluorene
22B020 2,3-Benzofluorene
258082 Benzo(b)naphtho(l,2-d)thiophene
25B083 8enzo(b)naphtho(2,l-d)thiophene
24B060 Benzo(b)naphtho(2,3-d)furan
25B081 Benzo(b)naphtho(2,3-d)thiophene
21B040 Benz(a)anthracene
23B021 Quinoline
23B080 Acridine
25B040 Benzo(b)thiophene
21C060 Dibenz(a,c)anthracene
21B101 Benzo(c)phenanthrene
21B100 Benzo(c)phenanthrene and Alkyl derivatives
23B022 Isoquinoline
23B120 Phenanthridine
218180 Pyrene
21C120 Benzo(e)pyrene
23B140 Benzo(f)quinoline
21C040 Benzo(g)chrysene
21D080 Benzo(ghi)perylene
23B160 Benzo(h)quinoline
22C040 Benzo(j)fluoranthene
22B040 FTuoranthene
22C020 Benzo(k)fluoranthene
248100 1,9-Benzoxanthene
21D040 Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene
07B160 5,6-Benzo-9-anthrone
22C020 Benzo(k)fluoranthene
22C040 Benzo(j)fluoranthene
22C080 Benzo(b)fluoranthene
22B020 2,3-Benzofluorene
22B060 1,2-Benzofluorene
24A040 Benzofuran
08A160 Benzoic acid
08D180 Phenyl benzoate
07A140 Benzaldehyde
VI
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COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Benzol
1,2-Benzonaphthacene
Benzonaphthathi ophenes
Benzonitrile
1,12-Benzopery1ene
2,3-Benzophenanthrene
1,2-Benzophenanthrene
9,10-Benzophenanthrene
4,5-Benzopyrene
2,3-Benzopyrrole
3,4-Benzoquinoline
5,6-Benzoquinoline
7,8-Benzoquinoline
Benzosulfonazole
Benzothiazole
Benzothiofuran
2,3-Benzothiophene
1,9-Benzoxanthene
Benzoyl alcohol
1,2-Benzpyrene
3,4-Benzpyrene
1,2-Benzpyrene
Benzyl alcohol
8enzyl carbinol
Benzyl chloride
Betaprone
Bibenzene
Bicyclopentadiene
Bitnethyl
Biphenyl
4-Biphenylamine
2,2'-Biphenyldiol
Biphenylols
Bi scyc1opentadi ene
Bisoflex
2,2'-Bithienyl
2,2'-Bithiophene
Bivinyl
2-Bornanone
Borneo camphor
Borneol
Bornyl alcohol
BPL
b-Brazan
l-Bromo-2-chlorobenzene
2-Bromo-2-raethylpropane
l-Bromo-3-chlorobenzene
l-Bromo-4-chlorobenzene
Bromobenzene
1-Bromobutane
2-Bromobutane
Bromobutanes
Bromochlorobenzenes
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform
2-Bromoisobutane
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Buta-l,3-diene
1,2-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene
Butadienes
Butanal
n-Butane.
Butanecarboxylic acid
1,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid
Butanes
15A020 Benzene
21C020 1,2-Benzonaphthacene
25B080 Benzonaphthathiophenes
09B020 Benzonitrile
21D080 Benzo(ghi)perylene
21B040 Benz(a)anthracene
21B120 Chrysene
21B160 Triphenylene
21C120 Benzo(e)pyrene
23C040 Indole
23B120 Phenanthridine
23B140 Benzo(f)quinoline
23B160 Benzo(h)quinoline
23D020 Benzothiazole
23D020 Benzothiazole
25B040 Benzo(b)thiophene
25B040 Benzo(b)thiophene
24B100 1,9-Benzoxanthene
05A140 Benzyl alcohol
21C100 Benzo(a)pyrene
21C100 Benzo(a)pyrene
21C120 Benzo(e)pyrene
05A140 Benzyl alcohol
05A160 Phenethyl alcohol
16B020 a-Chlorotoluene
08B060 b-Propiolactone
15A160 Biphenyl
01B220 Dicyclopentadiene
01A040 Ethane
15A160 Biphenyl
10C120 4-Aminobiphenyl
18A120 2,2'-Oihydroxydiphenyl
18A100 Phenylphenols
01B220 Dicyclopentadiene
080260 Oi-2-ethylhexyl adipate
25B020 2,2'-Bithiophene
25B020 2,2'-Bithiophene
01B082 1,3-Butadiene
07B100 Camphor
05B120 Borneol
05B120 Borneol
05B120 Borneol
08B060 b-Propiolactone
24B060 Benzo(b)naphtho(2,3-d)furan
16A081 l-Bromo-2-chlorobenzene
02A363 2-Bromoisobutane
16A082 l-Bromo-3-chlorobenzene
16A083 l-6romo-4-chlorobenzene
16A040 Bromobenzene
02A361 1-Bromobutane
02A362 2-Bromobutane
02A360 Bromobutanes
16A080 Bromochlorobenzenes
02A120 Bromodichloromethane
02A160 Bromoform
02A363 2-Bromoisobutane
04A200 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
01B082 1,3-Butadiene
01B081 1,2-Butadiene
018082 1,3-Butadiene
01B080 Butadienes
07A100 Butyraldehyde
01A081 n-Butane
08A080 Valeric acid
08A180 Adipic acid
01A080 Butanes
vii
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COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
n-Butanethiol
l-8utanethiol
Butanitrile
n-Butanol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
t-Butanol
Butanone
2-Butanone
1-Butene
cis--2-Butene
trans-2-Butene
cis-Butenedioic acid
Butric aldehyde
Butter or methyl yellow
n-Butyl acetate
sec-Butyl acetate
Butyl acetates
Butyl adipate
Di-N-butyl adipate
Butyl alcohol
sec-But.'l alcohol
t-Butyl alcohol
n-Butyl aldehyde
n-Butyl benzene
sec-Butyl benzene
sec-Butyl benzene
tert-Butyl benzene
tert-Butyl benzene
Butyl benzenes
Butyl benzenes
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Butyl ethanoate
n-Butyl mercaptan
Di-n-butyl phthalate
n-Butylamine
Butyl amines
n-Butylbromide
sec-Butyl bromide
tert-Butylbromide
a-Butylene
cis-B-Butylene
trans-B-Butylene
Butylenes
Butyl ethylene
n-Butylthioalcohol
1-Butyne
2-Butyne
Butynes
Butyraldehyde
g-8utyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone
Butyronitrile
C-56
a,b-Camphol
d-2-Camphonone
2-Camphonone
Camphor
Capric acid
Caproic acid
e-Caprolactam
Caprylic acid
Carbazine
Carbazole
Carbinol
Carbolic acid
13A080 n-Butanethiol
13A080 n-Butanethiol
09A080 Butyronitrile
05A080 n-Butanol
05A080 n-Butanol
05B040 2-Butanol
05C020 t-Butyl alcohol
07B060 Butanone
07B060 Butanone
01B061 1-Butene
01B062 cis-2-Butene
01B063 trans-2-Butene
08A060 Maleic acid
07A100 Butyraldehyde
11A040 p-Dimemthylaminoazobenzene
08D121 n-Butyl acetate
08D122 sec-Butyl acetate
08D120 Butyl acetates
08D220 Dibutyl adipate
080220 Dibutyl adipate
05A080 n-Butanol
05B040 2-Butanol
05C020 t-Butyl alcohol
07A100 Butyraldehyde
15A141 n-Butyl benzene
15A142 sec-Butyl benzene
15A142 sec-Butyl benzene
15A143 tert-Butyl benzene
15A143 tert-Butyl benzene
15A140 Butyl benzenes
15A140 Butyl benzenes
08D320 Butyl benzyl phthalate
080121 n-Butyl acetate
13A080 n-Butanethiol
080283 Di-n-butyl Phthalate
10A141 1-Aminobutarie
10A140 Butyl amines
02A361 1-Bromobutane
02A362 2-Bromobutane
02A363 2-Bromoisobutane
01B061 1-Butene
01B062 cis-2-8utene
01B063 trans-2-Butene
01B060 Butylenes
01B141 1-Hexene
13A080 n-Butanethiol
01C061 1-Butyne
01C062 2-Butyne
01C060 Butynes
07A100 Butyraldehyde
08B080 g-Butyrolactone
088080 g-Butyrolactone
09A080 Butyronitrile
02B140 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
05B140 Isoborneol
07B100 Camphor
07B100 Camphor
07B100 Camphor
08A103 Capric acid
08A101 Caproic acid
08C060 6-Hexanelactam
08A102 Caprylic acid
23B100 Dihydroacridine
23C080 Carbazole
05A020 Methanol
18A020 Phenol
viii
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COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Carbon bichloride
Carbon dichloride
Carbon hexachloride
Carbon tetrachloride
Carvol
Carvone (d or 1)
Carvones
Catechol
Cetylic acid
Chinoline
Chlorinated cresols
Chlorinated-m-cresol
Chlorinated-o-cresol
Chlorinated-p-cresol
bis-(2-Chloro-l-methyl ethyl)ether
2-Chloro-l,2-epoxypropane
l-Chloro-l,2-oxetane
l-Chloro-l,3-epoxypropane
4-Chloro-2-hydroxy benzophenone
4-Chloro-2'-hydroxy benzophenone
5-Chloro-2-hydroxy benzophenone
2-Ch1oro-2'-hydroxy benzophenone
3-Chloro-2'-hydroxy benzophenone
3-Chloro-2-hydroxy benzophenone
l-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene
l-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
4-Chloro-3'-hydroxy benzophenone
2-Ch1oro-3'-hydroxy benzophenone
3-Chloro-3'-hydroxy benzophenone
4-Chloro-4'-hydroxy benzophenone
2-Chloro-4'-hydroxy benzophenone
3-Chloro-4'-hydroxy benzophenone
3-Chloro-4-hydroxy benzophenone
l-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene
2-Ch1oro-5-hydroxy benzophenone
a-Chloroallychloride
Chlorobenzene
a-Chlorobutyl ethyl ether
Chiorodi bromomethane
2-Chlorodiethyl ether
Chloroethane
Chloroethene
Chloroethyl
2-Chloroethyl ethyl ether
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Chloroethylene
2-Chloroethylmethyl ether
Chloroform
Chlorohydroxy benzophenones
Chlorohydroxytoluenes
bis(a-Chloroisopropyl)ether
Chloromethane
Chloromethyl ethyl ether
Chloromethyl methyl ether
(Chloromethyl)benzene
l,2-bis(Chloromethyl)benzene
l,3-bis(Chloromethyl)benzene
l,4-bis(Chloromethyl)benzene
bis (Chloromethyl)benzenes
bis(Chloromethyl)ether
Chioromethyloxi rane
1-Chloronaphthalene
a-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chloronaphthalene
b-Chloronaphthalene
02B080 Tetrachloroethene
02B080 Tetrachloroethene
02A320 Hexachloroethane
02A240 Carbon tetrachloride
07B181 Carvone (d or 1)
078181 Carvone (d or 1)
07B180 Carvones
18B020 Catechol
08A122 Palmitic acid
23B021 Quinoline
19B020 Chlorinated cresols
19B022 Chlorinated m-cresol
19B021 Chlorinated o-cresol
19B023 Chlorinated p-cresol
04B100 2,2'-Dichlorodiisopropyl ether
04A040 2-Chloro-l,2-epoxypropane
04A060 l-Chloro-l,3-epoxypropane
04A060 l-Chloro-l,3-epoxypropane
07C04A 4-Chloro-2-hydroxy benzophenone
07C04B 4-Chloro-2'-hydroxy benzophenone
07C04E 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy benzophenone
07C041 2-Chloro-2'-hydroxy benzophenone
07C045 3-Chloro-2'-hydroxy benzophenone
07C046 3-Chloro-2-hydroxy benzophenone
17B040 l-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene
04A050 Epichlorhydrin
07C04C 4-Chloro-3'-hydroxy benzophenons
07C042 2-Chloro-3'-hydroxy benzophenonen
07C047 3-Chloro-3'-hydroxy benzophenone
07C04D 4-Chloro-4'-hydroxy benzophenone
07C043 2-Chloro-4'-hydroxy benzophenone
07C048 3-Chloro-4'-hydroxy benzophenone
07C049 3-Chloro-4-hydroxy benzophenone
17B060 l-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene
07C044 2-Chloro-5-hydroxy benzophenone
02B103 cis-l,3-0ichloropropene
16A020 Chlorobenzene
04A160 a-Chlorobutyl ethyl ether
02A140 Dibromochloromethane
04A120 2-Chloroethyl ethyl ether
02A250 Ethyl chloride
02B020 Vinyl chloride
02A250 Ethyl chloride
04A120 2-Chloroethyl ethyl ether
04A140 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
04B080 2,2'-Oichlorodiethyl ether
02B020 Vinyl chloride
04A080 2-Chloroethylmethyl ether
02A100 Chloroform
07C040 Chlorohydroxy benzophenones
19B020 Chlorinated cresols
04B100 2,2'-Dichlorodiisopropyl ether
02A040 Methyl chloride
04A100 Chloromethyl ethyl ether
04A020 Chloromethyl methyl ether
16B020 a-Chlorotoluene
16B041 1,2-bis (Chloromethyl) benzene
16B042 1,3-bis (Chloromethyl) benzene
16B043 1,4-bis (Chloromethyl) benzene
16B040 bis (Chloromethyl) benzenes
04B020 1,1'-OiChloromethyl ether
04A050 Epichlorhydrin
16A201 1-Chloronaphthalene
16A201 1-Chloronaphthalene
16A202 2-Chloronaphthalene
16A202 2-Chloronaphthalene
ix
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Chloronaphthalenes
o-Chloronitrobenzene
p-Chloronitrobenzene
1-Chlorooctane
Chlorophen
2-Chlorophenol
o-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
g-Chloropropylene oxide
2-Chloropyridine
3-Chloropyridine
4-Chloropyridine
Chioropyridines
Chlorothene
2-Chlorotoluene
o-Chlorotoluene
a-Chlorotoluene
Chlorten
Chrysene
a-Chrysidine
a-Chrysidine
Chrysofluorene
Chrysogen
CMME
2,4,6-Collidine
Col1idines
Coronene
Coumarone
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresols
Cresylic acid
Crotonylene
Cumarone
Cumeme
Cyanobenzene
1-Cyanoethane
Cyanoethylene
1-Cyanonaphthalene
2-Cyanonaphthalene
Cyanonaphthalenes
Cyanopropane
1,3-Cyclohexadiene
1,4-Cyclohexadiene
Cyclohexadienes
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexene
Cycl ohexylamine
Cyclopenta(def)phenanthrene
4H-Cyclopenta(def)phenanthrene
Cyclopentadiene
1,3-Cyclopentadiene
1,3-Cyclopentadiene dimer
Cyclopentane
1,2-Cyclopentanonaphthalene
Cyclopentanonaphthalene
Cyclotetramethylene oxide
b-Cytisolidine
DB(a,h)A
D8(a,h)P
n-Decane
n-Oecanoic acid
n-Decoic acid
Oecylhydride
2,6-Di-sec-butyl phenol
16A200 Chloronaphthalenes
17B040 l-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene
17B060 l-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene
02A400 1-Chlorooctane
19A060 Pentachlorophenol
19A020 2-Chlorophenol
19A020 2-Chlorophenol
04A180 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
04A050 Epichlorhydrin
23A101 2-Chloropyridine
23A102 3-Chloropyridine
23A103 4-Chloropyridine
23A100 Chloropyridines
02A280 Trichloroethane
16A180 2-Chlorotoluene
16A180 2-Chlorotoluene
16B020 a-Chlorotoluene
02A280 Trichloroethane
218120 Chrysene
23B200 Benz(c)acridine
23B200 Benz(c)acridine
22B060 1,2-Benzofluorene
21B020 Napthacene
04A020 Chloromethyl methyl ether
23A122 2,4,6-Collidine
23A120 Collidines
21D100 Coronene
24A040 Benzofuran
18A041 m-Cresol
18A042 o-Cresol
18A043 p-Cresol
18A040 Cresols
18A040 Cresols
01C062 2-Butyne
24A040 Benzofuran
15A120 Isopropyl benzene
09B020 Benzonitrile
09A060 1-Cyanoethane
09A040 Acrylom'trile
09B041 a-Naphthonitrile
098042 b-Naphthonitrile
09B040 Naphthonitriles
09A080 Butyronitrile
01B181 1,3-Cyclohexadiene
01B182 1,4-Cyclohexadiene
01B180 Cyclohexadienes
01A160 Cyclohexane
01B160 Cyclohexene
10A160 Cyclohexylamine
22B080 Cyclopenta(def)phenanthrene
22B080 Cyclopenta(def)phenanthrene
01B120 Cyclopentadiene
01B120 Cyclopentadiene
01B220 Oicyclopentadiene
01A120 Cyclopentane
22A040 Cyclopentanonaphthalene
22A040 Cyclopentanonaphthalene
03A060 Tetrahydrofuran
23B065 6,8-Oimethylquinoline
21C080 Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
21D020 Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
01A241 n-Oecane
08A103 Capric acid
08A103 Capric acid
01A241 n-Oecane
18A182 2,6-Di-sec-butyl phenol
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY. PREFERRED NAME
1,4-Di-tert-butyl benzene
Di-2-ethylbutyT adipate
Di-2-ethylhexyl adipate
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
Dialkyl benzenes (MW:134-191)
4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl
1,4-Diaminobenzene
p-Diaminobenzene
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl
1,2-Diaminoethane
Diazirine
Diazomethane
Dibenz(a,c)anthracene
Dibenz(a,h)acridine
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenz(a,j)acridine
Dibenz(a,j)anthracene
Dibenz(b,d)pyrro1e
Dibenz(c,h)acridine
Dibenz(de,kl)anthracene
l,2:7,8-Dibenzacridine
1,2:5,6-Dibenzacridine
3,4:5,6-Dibenzacridine
1,2:6,7-01benzanthracene
1,2:3,4-Oibenzanthracene
1,2:5,6-Dibenzanthracene
l,2:3,4-0ibenznaphthalene
Dibenzo(a,g)carbazole
7H-Dibenzo(a,g)carbazole
13H-Dibenzo(a,g)fluorene
Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
Oibenzo(a,i)carbazole
7H-Oibenzd(a,i)carbazole
Oibenzo(a, i)phenanthrene
Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene
Oibenzo(a,l)pyrene
Dibenzo(b,def)chrysene
Dibenzo(b,e)pyridine
Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
7H-Oibenzo(c,g)carbazole
Dibenzo(def,p)chrysene
l,2:7,8-0ibenzocarbazole
3,4:5,6-Dibenzocarbazole
1,2:5,6-Oibenzocarbazole
l,2:5,6-Dibenzofluorene
Dibenzofuran
1,2:3,4-Oibenzophenanthrene
l,2:9,10-0ibenzopyrene
Dibenzothiophene
l,2:7,8-0ibenzphenanthrene
1,2:6,7-Oibenzpyrene
3,4:8,9-Dibenzpyrene
2,3:6,7-Dibenzpyrene
4,5:8,9-Di benzpyrene
l,2:3,4-Dibenzpyrene
2,3:4,5-Dibenzpyrene
1,2-Dibromobenzene
1,3-Oi bromobenzene
1,4-Oibromobenzene
Dibromobenzenes
Oibromochloromethane
D i b roraod i ch1oromethane
Oibutyl adipate
1,1-Oichloro-2,2-dif1uoroethene
1,1-Oichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene
3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-biphenyldiaraine
15B10£ 1,4-Di-tert-butyl benzene
08D240 Di-2-ethylbutyl adipate
08D260 Di-2-ethylhexyl adipate
08D300 Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
15B100 Dialkyl benzenes (MW:134-191)
10C160 3,3'-Oichlorobenzidine
10C100 1,4-Diaminobenzene
10C100 1,4-Diaminobenzene
10C140 Benzidine
10A080 1,2-Oiaininoethane
11A020 Diazomethane
11A020 Diazomethane
21C060 Dibenz(a,c)anthracene
23B240 Dibenz(a,h)acridine
21C080 Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
23B220 Dibenz(a,j)acridine
21C020 1,2-Benzonaphthacene
23C080 Carbazole
23B260 Dibenz(c,h)acridine
21C140 Perylene
23B220 Oibenz(a,j)acridine
23B240 Oibenz(a,h)acridine
23B260 Dibenz(c,h)acridine
21C020 1,2-Benzonaphthacene
21C060 Dibenz(a,c)anthracene
21C080 Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
21B160 Triphenylene
23C180 Dibenzo(a,g)carbazole
23C180 Dibenzo(a,g)carbazole
22C060 l,2:5,6-0ibenzo fluorene
21D020 Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
23C140 Dibenzo(a,i)carbazole
23C140 Dibenzo(a,i)carbazole
21C160 Picene
21D040 Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene
21D060 Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene
21D020 Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
23B080 Acridine
23C160 Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
23C160 Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
21D060 Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene
23C140 Dibenzo(a,i)carbazole
23C160 Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
23C180 Dibenzo(a,g)carbazole
22C060 l,2:5,6-Dibenzofluorene
248020 Dibenzofuran
21C040 8enzo(g)chrysene
21D060 Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene
258060 Dibenzothiophene
21C160 Picene
21D020 Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
21D020 Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
21D040 Oibenzo(a,i)pyrene
21D040 Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene
21D060 Oibenzo(a,l)pyrene
21D060 Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene
16A061 1,2-Dibromobenzene
16A062 1,3-Dibromobenzene
16A063 1,4-Dibromobenzene
16A060 Dibromobenzenes
02A140 Dibromochloromethane
02A180 Dibromodichloromethane
080220 Dibutyl adipate
02B090 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene
02B090 1,1-Di chloro-2,2-di f1uoroethy1ene
10C160 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
XI
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
3,3'-Oichloro-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl
3,3'Dichloro-4,4'-diami nodiphenyl methane
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
m-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Oichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
3,3' -Oichlorobenzidine
o,o'-0ichlorobenzidine
0 i ch1orobromomethane
l,l'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2'-Oichlorodiethyl ether
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1,2-Oichlorodiisobutyl ether
2,2'-Oichlorodiisopropyl ether
1,2-Oichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethene
cis-l,2-Dichloroethene
trans-1,2-Oichloroethene
1,1-Oichloroethene
1,2-Oichloroethyl ethyl ether
Dichloroethylene
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Di chloromethane
l.l'-Dichloromethyl ether
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1,1-Oichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,3-Qichloropropane
2,2-Oichloropropane
Dichloropropanes
1,1-Oi chloropropene
trans-1,2-Oichloropropene
cis-l,3-Dichloropropene
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
2,3-Oichloropropene
3,3-Dichloropropene
Dichloropropenes
1,2-Oichloropropylene
a,g-0ichloropropy1ene
1,3-Dichloropropylene
1,3-Dicyano-l-hydroxybutane
Dicyclopentadiene
Diethamine
Diethyl adipate
o-Diethyl benzene
m-Diethyl benzene
p-Diethyl benzene
Diethyl carbinol
Diethyl hexyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl sulfide
Diethylamine
1,4-Diethylene dioxide
Diethylene imidoxide
Diethylene oximide
Diethyleneimide oxide
Diethylnitrosoamine
l,l-Oifluoro-2,2-dichloroethylene
Di f1uorodi chloromethane
Dihexyl
Dihydro-(d or Dcarvone
Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
l,2-Oihydro-3-methylbenz(j)aceanthrylene
1,2-0ihydroacenaphthylene
10C160
10C180
16A100
16A100
16A120
16A120
16A140
16A140
10C160
10C160
02A120
04B040
04B080
02A200
048120
04B100
02A260
02B040
02B041
02B042
02B060
04B060
02B040
02B060
02A080
04B020
19A040
02A341
02A342
02A343
02A344
02A340
02B101
02B102
02B103
02B104
02B105
02B106
02B100
02B102
02B103
02B103
09A100
01B220
10B080
08D200
15B101
15B102
15B103
05B062
080300
080282
13B040
108080
03B020
10B100
10B100
10B100
12A040
02B090
02A200
01A260
07B182
08B080
21B080
21A100
3,
4,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
3,
3,
Br
1,
2,
Di
1,
2,
1,
1,
ci
tr
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
2,
Di
1,
tr
ci
tr
2,
3,
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tr
ci
ci
1,
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Di
Di
o-
m-
P-
3-
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'Di
Di
1,
M(
M(
M<
N-
1
D-
n-
o-
g-
3-
Ai
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)
2-Dichlorobenzene
2-Oichlorobenzene
3-Dichlorobenzene
3-Dichlorobenzene
4-Dichlorobenzene
4-Dichlorobenzene
3'-Dichlorobenzidine
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Bromodichloromethane
'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Di chlorodi f1uoromethane
1,2-Dichlorodiisobutyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiisopropyl ether
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethene
cis-l,2-Dichloroethene
trans-l,2-Dichloroethene
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloroethyl ethyl ether
1,2-Dichloroethene
1,1-Dichloroethene
Methylene chloride
l.l'-Oichloromethyl ether
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane
Dichloropropanes
1,1-Dichloropropene
trans-l,2-0ichloropropene
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
trans-1,3-D i chloropropene
2,3-Dichloropropene
3,3-Oichloropropene
Dichloropropenes
trans-l,2-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
1,3-Dicyano-l-hydroxybutane
Dicyclopentadiene
Diethylamine
Diethyl adipate
o-Diethyl benzene
m-Diethyl benzene
p-Diethyl benzene
3-Pentanol
Oi-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl sulfide
Diethylamine
1,4-Dioxane
Morpholine
Morpholine
Morpholine
N-Ni trosodi ethyl ami ne
l,l-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
n-Dodecane
Dihydro-(d or 1) carvone
g-Butyrolactone
3-Methy1cholanthrene
Acenaphthene
xii
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Dihydroacridine
1,4-Di hydrobenzene
1,2-Oi hydrobenzene
2,3-Dihydroindene
1,2-Oi hydronaphthalene
1,4-Dihydronaphthalene
Oi hydronaphthalenes
o-Oi hydroxybenzene
1,2-Di hydroxybenzene
1,3-Di hydroxybenzene
m-Di hydroxybenzene
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
p-Oihydroxybenzene
2,2'-Dihydroxydiphenyl
1,2-Dihydroxyethane
1,2-Dihydroxypropane
Diisobutyl carbinol
o-Diisopropyl benzene
m-Diisopropyl benzene
Diisopropyl ether
Dimazine
3,4-diMe-thiophene
Dimethyl
2,3-Dimethyl aniline
2,4-Dimethyl aniline
2,5-Dimethyl aniline
2,6-Dimethyl aniline
3,4-Dimethyl aniline
3,5-Dimethyl aniline
Dimethyl chloroether
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl ethyl carbinol
2,6-Dimethyl heptan-4-ol
1,4-Dimethyl naphthalene
2,3-Dimethyl naphthalene
2,6-Oimethyl naphthalene
Dimethyl naphthalenes
Dimethyl phthalate
3,4-Dimethyl pyrene
4,5-Dimethyl pyrene
Dimethyl pyrenes
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
2,4-Dimethyl-l-hydroxy benzene
2,2-Dimethyl-l-propanol
9,10-Dimethyl-l,2-benzanthracene
l,4-Dimethyl-2-hydroxy benzene
l,3-Dimethyl-2-hydroxy benzene
l,2-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy benzene
N,N-Dimethyl-4-(phenylazo)benzenamine
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanol
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptyl phenol
l,2-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy benzene
l,3-Dimethyl-5-hydroxy benzene
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
p-Oimethyl aminoazobenzene
4-Dimethyl aminoazobenzene
N,N-Dimethylaniline
Dimethylanilines
2,7-Dimethy1 anthracene
7,12-0imethylbenz(a)anthracene
Dimethylbenzene
Dimethylenediamine
(1,1-Dimethylethyl)benzene
(1,1-Dimethylethyl)benzene
23B100
018182
01B181
15B020
15B141.
15B142
15B140
188020
18B020
18B040
18B040
18B060
18B060
18A120
06A020
06A040
05B080
15B104
15B105
03A020
11B040
25A064
01A040
10C061
10C062
10C063
10C064
10C065
10C066
04A020
13B080
05C040
05B080
21A081
21A082
21A083
21A080
08D281
21B221
21B222
21B220
13B020
14B020
18A142
05A123
21B060
18A143
18A144
18A141
11A040
05B080
18A183
18A146
18A145
01C062
10B040
11A040
11A040
10D020
10C060
21A160
21B060
158080
10A080
15A143
15A143
D-
1.
1
Ii
1
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Ci
Ci
1
1
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2
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2
3
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Mi
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D'
3
4
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D'
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Dihydroacridine
1,4-Cyclohexadiene
1,3-Cyc1ohexadi ene
Indan
1,2-Di hydronaphthalene
1,4-Di hydronaphthalene
Di hydronaphthalenes
Catechol
Catechol
1,3-Di hydroxybenzene
1,3-Di hydroxybenzene
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
'-Dihydroxydiphenyl
Ethylene glycol
Propylene glycol
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanol
o-Diisopropyl benzene
m-Diisopropyl benzene
Isopropyl ether
N,N-Dimethy1hydrazi ne
3,4-Dimethylthiophene
Ethane
3-Xylidine
4-Xylidine
5-Xylidine
6-Xylidine
4-Xylidine
3,5-Xylidine
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Methyldisulfide
t-Pentanol
2,6-Oiniethyl-4-heptanol
1,4-Dimethyl naphthalene
2,3-Dimethyl naphthalene
2,6-Dimethyl napthalene
Dimethyl naphthalenes
Dimethyl phthalate
3,4-Dimethyl pyrene
4,5-Dimethyl pyrene
Dimethyl pyrenes
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
4-Xylenol
2-Dimethyl-l-propanol
12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
5-Xylenol
6-Xylenol
2,3-Xylenol
p-Oimethylaminoazobenzene
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanol
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptyl phenol
3,4-Xylenol
3,5-Xylenol
2-Butyne
Dimethyl amine
p-Dimethyl aminoazobenzene
p-Oimethylami noazobenzene
N.N-Dimethylaniline
Dimethyl anilines
2,7-Dimethyl anthracene
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
Xylenes
1,2-Diaminoethane
tert-Butyl benzene
tert-Butyl benzene
xiii
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Oimethylethylene
N,N-Dimethylhydrazine
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
N,N'-Dimethylhydrazine
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
Dimethylhydrazi ne
Dimethylhydroxybenzenes
1,3-Dimethylisoquino line
1,5-Dimethylisquincline
Dimethylketone
Dimethyl methane
a-Dimethylnapthalene
Dimethylnitrosoamine
2,3-Dimethyl phenol
2,4-Dimethylphenol
2,5-Dimethylphenol
2,6-Oimethyl phenol
3,5-Dimethylphenol
3,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethylphenols
Dimethylphenylamine
2,2-Dimethyl propane
2,3-Dimethylpyridine
2,4-Dimethylpyridine
2,5-Dimethylpyridine
2,6-Dimethylpyridine
3,4-Dimethylpyridine
2,3-Oimethylquincline
2,6-Dimethylquinoline
2,8-Dimethylquinoline
3,4-Dimethylquinoline
6,8-Dimethylquinoline
Dimethylquinolines and dimethylisoquinolines
2,3-Dimethylthiophene
2,4-Dimethylthiophene
2,5-Dimethylthiophene
3,4-Dimethylthiophene
Dimethylthiophenes
peri-Dinaphthalene
4,6-Qinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitro-o-cresol
3,5-Dim'tro-p-cresol
2,6-Dinitro-p-cresol
Dinitro-p-cresols
3,5-Dinitro-2-hydroxy toluene
Oinitroaminophenol
Dinitrohydroxybenzenes
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,5-Dinitrophenol
2,6-Dinitrophenol
Dinitrophenols
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
3,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,3-Dinitrotoluene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,5-Dinitrotoluene
3,5-Dinitrotoluene
Dinitrotoluenes
Dioctylester o-benzenedicarboxylic acid
Dioctylester phthalic acid
1,4-Oioxane
p-Dioxane
1,3-Dioxane
D i penty1ni trosami ne
Diphenyl
Diphenyl sulfide
01B062
11B040
11B040
11B060
11B060
11B060
18A140
23B066
23B067
07B020
01A060
21A081
12A020
18A141
18A142
18A143
18A144
18A145
18A146
18A140
10D020
01A103
23A141
23A142
23A143
23A144
23A145
23B061
23B062
23B063
23B064
23B065
238060
25A061
25A062
25A063
25A064
25A060
21C140
20B020
20B020
20B041
20B042
20B040
20B020
20A080
20A100
20A101
20A102
20A103
20A100
17A081
17A082
17A083
17A084
17A085
17A086
17A080
08D300
08D300
03B020
03B020
03B040
12A100
15A160
13B060
ci
N,
N,
N,
N,
N,
Xy
1,
1,
Ac
Pr
1,
N-
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
Xy
N,
Ne
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3,
6,
Di
2,
2,
2,
3,
Di
Pe
4,
4,
3,
2,
Di
4,
2-
Di
2,
2,
2,
Di
2,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3,
Di
Di
Di
1,
1,
1,
N-
Bi
Di
cis-2-Butene
N,N-Dimethylhydrazine
N,N-Dimethylhydrazine
N,N' -Dimethylhydrazine
N,N'-Dimethylhydrazine
N,N'-Dimethylhydrazine
Xylenols
1,3-Dimethyli soqui noli ne
1,5-Oimethylisoquinoline
Acetone
Propane
1,4-Dimethyl naphthalene
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
3-Xylenol
4-Xylenol
5-Xylenol
6-Xylenol
5-Xylenol
3,4-Xylenol
Xylenols
N,N-Dimethylaniline
Neopentane
3-Dimethylpyridine
4-Dimethylpyridine
5-Dimethylpyridine
6-Dimethylpyridine
4-Dimethylpyridine
3-Dimethylquinoline
6-Dimethylquinoline
8-Dimethylquinoline
4-Dimethylquinoline
6,8-Oi methylqui noli ne
Dimethyquinolines and dimethylisoquinolines
2,3-Dimethylthiophene
2,4-Dimethylthiophene
2,5-Dimethylthiophene
3,4-Dimethylthiophene
Dimethylthiophenes
Perylene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
4,6-Dintro-o-cresol
3,5-Di ni tro-p-cresol
2,6-Dinitro-p-cresol
Dinitro-p-cresols
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2-Ami no-4,6-dim'trophenol
Dinitrophenols
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,5-Dinitrophenol
2,6-Qi nitrophenol
Dinitrophenols
6-Dinitrotoluene
4-Dinitrotoluene
3-Dinitrotoluene
4-Oinitrotoluene
5-Dinitrotoluene
3,5-Dinitrotoluene
Dinitrotoluenes
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
1,4-Dioxane
1,4-Dioxane
1,3-Dioxane
N-Ni trosodi penty1 ami ne
Biphenyl
Diphenyl sulfide
XIV
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Oiphenyl thioether 13B060
1,2-Oiphenylbenzene 15B161
1,3-Diphenylbenzene 15B162
1,4-Diphenylbenzene 15B163
4,4'-Oiphenylbiphenyl 15B060
Diphenylene oxide 24B020
Diphenylene sulfide 25B060
4-4'-Diphenylenediamine 10C140
Diphenyleneimine 23C080
Oiphenylenemethane 22A020
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine 11B080
Diphenylnitrosamine 12B040
Dipropyl 01A141
Dipropyl methane 01A181
Disubstituted, polysubstituted alkyl pyn'dlnes 23A140
Divinyl 01B082
Oivinylene oxide 24A020
Divinyleneimene 23C020
DMBA 21B060
DMSO 14B020
n-Dodecane . 01A260
Dodecanoic acid ' 08A104
Oodecylene 01A260
Ourene 15B203
Endo-l,7,7-trimethyl bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol 058120
Endo-2-bornanol 058120
Endo-2-camphanol 05B120
Endo-2-hydroxy camphane 05B120
Epichlorhydrin 04A050
Epihydrin alcohol 06B020
2,3-Epoxy-l-propanol 06B020
1,4-Epoxybutane 03A060
Erythrene 01B082
Ethanal 07A040
Ethanamide 08C040
Ethanamine 10A040
Ethane 01A040
1,2-Ethanediamine 10A080
1,2-Ethanediol 06A020
Ethanenitrile 09A020
Ethanethiol 13A040
Ethanoic acid 08A040
Ethanol 05A040
Ethanolamine 10A060
Ethene 01B020
Ethenylbenezene 15A080
Ethine 01C020
Ethyl acetate 08D040
Ethyl aerylate 08D060
Ethyl adipate 080200
Ethyl alcohol 05A040
Ethyl aldehyde 07A040
Ethyl benzene 15A060
Ethyl benzol 15A060
Ethyl chloride 02A250
Ethyl cresols 18A160
Ethyl cyanate 09A060
Ethyl cyanide 09A060
Ethyl d-carboethoxyvalerate 08D200
Ethyl hydride 01A040
Ethyl mercaptan 13A040
Ethyl methyl pyridines 23A120
Ethyl methyl phenols 18A160
1-Ethyl naphthalene 21A043
2-Ethyl naphthalene 21A044
Ethyl phosphate 26A020
Oiphenyl sulfide
o-Terpnenyl
m-Terphenyl
p-Terphenyl
4,4'-Oiphenylbiphenyl
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzothiophene
Benzidine
Carbazole
Fluorene
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
n-Hexane
n-Heptane
Disubstituted, polysubstituted alkyl pyridines
1,3-Butadiene
Furan
Pyrrole
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
Dimethyl sulfoxide
n-Oodecane
Laurie acid
n-Dodecane
1,2,4,5-Tetramethy1 benzene
Borneo 1
Borneol
Borneo!
Borneol
Epichlorhydrin
2,3-Epoxy-l-propanol
2,3-Epoxy-l-propanol
Tetrahydrofuran
1,3-Butadiene
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
Ethyl amine
Ethane
1,2-Diaminoethane
Ethylene glycol
Acetonitrile
Ethanethiol
Acetic acid
Ethanol
Ethanolamine
Ethylene
Styrene
Acetylene
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl aerylate
Diethyl adipate
Ethanol
Acetaldehyde
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl chloride
Ethyl cresols
1-Cyanoethane
1-Cyanoethane
Diethyl adipate
Ethane
Ethanethiol
Collidines
Ethyl cresols
1-Ethyl naphthalene
2-Ethyl naphthalene
Triethyl phosphate
XV
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Ethyl propenoate 08D060
Ethyl thioalcohol • 13A040
2-Ethyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene 21B108
6-Ethyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene 21B109
N-Ethyl-ethanamine 108080
6-Ethyl-m-cresol 18A161
4-Ethyl-o-cresol 18A162
2-Ethyl-p-cresol 18A163
6-Ethyl-2-methyl phenol 18A161
5-Ethyl-2-methylpyridine 23A121
4-Ethyl-3-methyl phenol 18A162
2-Ethyl-4-methyl phenol 18A163
2-Ethyl-4-methyl-l,3-dioxolane 03B060
3-Ethyl-6-methylpyridine 23A121
Ethyl acetylene 01C061
Ethyl amine 10A040
bis-2-Ethylbutyl adipic acid ester 08D240
Ethyl dimethyl methane 01A102
Ethylene 01B020
Ethylene chloride 02A260
Ethylene dichloride 02A260
Ethylene glycol 06A020
Ethylene tetrachloride 02B080
Ethylenediaroine 10A080
1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid 08A060
cis-l,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid 08A060
Ethyleneimine 10B020
1,8-Ethylenenaphthalene 21A100
E-Ethylethanamine 10B080
Ethyl ethylene 01B061
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)adipate 08D260
Ethylhydroxy benzenes 18A080
Ethylisobutylmethane 01A182
Ethylmethyl acetaldehyde 07A121
Ethylmethylamine 10B060
o-Ethylphenol 18A081
2-Ethylphenol 18A081
m-Ethyl phenol 18A082
3-Ethylphenol 18A082
p-Ethylphenol 18A083
4-Ethylphenol 18A083
Ethyl phenols 18A080
2-Ethylpyridine 23A061
3-Ethylpyridine 23A062
4-Ethylpyridine 23A063
Ethylsulfide 138040
Ethyne 01C020
Exo-l,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.2]heptan-2-ol 05B140
Exo-2-bornanol 058140
Exo-2-camphanol 05B140
Fluoranthene ' 22B040
Fluorene 22A020
2-Fluorenol 18C120
Fluorotrichloromethane 02A220
Formaldehyde 07A020
Formamide 08C020
Formic acid 08A020
Formic acid amide 08C020
Formosa camphor 07B100
Formylamine 08C020
Freon 11 02A220
Furan 24A020
Furfurane 24A020
Glycidol 06B020
Glycidyl alcohol 06B020
Glycol dichloride 02A260
Ethyl acrylate
Ethanethiol
2-Ethyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
6-Ethyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
0iethyl amine
5-Ethyl-m-cresol
4-Ethyl-o-cresol
2-Ethyl-p-cresol '
6-Ethyl-m-cresol
5-Ethyl-2-methyIpyridine
4-Ethyl-o-cresol
2-Ethyl-p-cresol
2-Ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane
5-Ethyl-2-methyIpyridine
1-Butyne
Ethyl amine
Oi-2-ethylbutyl adipate
Isopentane
Ethylene
1-2-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Ethylene glycol
Tetrachloroethene
1,2-Di ami noethane
Maleic acid
Maleic acid
Ethyleneimine
Acenaphthene
Diethyl amine
1-Butene
Di-2-ethylhexyl adipate
Ethyl phenols
Isoheptane
2-Methylbutanal
Ethylmethylamine
o-Ethylphenol
o-Ethylphenol
m-Ethylphenol
m-Ethylphenol
p-Ethylphenol
p-Ethylphenol
Ethylphenols
2-Ethylpyridine
3-Ethylpyridine
4-Ethylpyridine
Diethyl sulfide
Acetylene
Isoborneol
Isoborneol
Isoborneol
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
2-Hydroxyfluorene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid
Formamide
Camphor
Formamide
Trichlorofluoromethane
Furan
Furan
2,3-Epoxy-l-propanol
2,3-Epoxy-l-propanol
1,2-Dichloroethane
xvi
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Glycolic acid
Grain alcohol
Guaiacol
Gualene
Hemimellitene
Hendecane
n-Heptane
Heptanes
1-Heptene
cis-2-Heptene
trans-2-Heptene
cis-3-Heptene
4-Heptene
trans-3-Heptene
4-Heptene
Heptanes
Heptyl hydride
a-Heptylene
B-Heptylene
g-Heptylene
g-Heptylene
Hexabenzobenzene
Hexachloro-l,3-butadiene
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclohexane
la,2a,3b,4a,5a,6b-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Hexachlorocyclopentadi ene
Hexachloroethane
Hexadecanoic acid
Hexadecyclic acid
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzene
Hexamethylene
Hexanaphthene
Hexanaphthy1ene
n-Hexane
Hexane dioic acid
6-Hexanelactam
Hexanes
Hexanoic acid
1-Hexene
Hexene
cis-2-Hexene
trans-2-Hexene
cis-3-Hexene
trans-3-Hexene
Hexenes
Hexyl hydride
Hexylene
Hydracrylic acid-b-lactone
Hydrazobenzene
Hydrindene
Hydroquinol
Hydroquinone
2-Hydroxy anisole
4-Hydroxy butanoic acid lactone
3-Hydroxy propionic acid lactone
2-Hydroxy propylamine
3-Hydroxy-l,2-epoxypropane
l-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene
l-Hydroxy-2-methyl glutaronitrile
Hydroxyacetic acid
Hydroxybenzene
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
o-Hydroxybenzoic acid
08B020 Hydroxyacetic acid
05A040 Ethanol
18A060 2-Methoxyphenol
21A082 2,3-Dimethyl naphthalene
15B181 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
01A242 n-Undecane
01A181 n-Heptane
01A180 Heptanes
01B201 1-Heptene
01B202 cis-2-Heptene
01B203 trans-2-Heptene
01B204 cis-3-Heptene
01B204 cis-3-Heptene
01B205 trans-3-Heptene
01B205 trans-3-Heptene
01B200 Heptenes
01A181 n-Heptane
01B201 1-Heptene
01B202 cis-2-Heptene
01B204 cis-3-Heptene
01B205 trans-3-Heptene
21D100 Coronene
02B120 Hexachlorobutadiene
16A162 Hexachlorobenzene
02B120 Hexachlorobutadiene
02A380 Hexachlorocyclohexane
02A380 Hexachlorocyclohexane
02B140 Hexachlorocyc1opentadi ene
02A320 Hexachloroethane
08A122 Palmitic acid
08A122 Palmitic acid
10A160 Cyclohexylamine
01A160 Cyclohexane
01A160 Cyclohexane
01A160 Cyclohexane
01B160 Cyclohexene
01A141 n-Hexane
08A180 Adi pic acid
08C060 6-Hexanelactam
01A140 Hexanes
08A101 Caproic acid
01B141 1-Hexene
01B141 1-Hexene
01B142 cis-2-Hexene
01B143 trans-2-Hexene
01B144 cis-3-Hexene
018145 trans-3-Hexene
01B140 Hexenes
01A141 n-Hexane
01B141 1-Hexene
08B060 b-Propiolactone
11B080 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
15B020 Indan
18B060 1,4-Oihydroxybenzene
18B060 1,4-Oihydroxybenzene
18A060 2-Methoxyphenol
08B080 g-Butyrolactone
08B060 b-Propiolactone
10A123 l-Amino-2-propanol
06B020 2,3"-Epoxy-l-propanol
18A060 2-Methoxyphenol
09A100 1,3-Oicyano-l-hydroxybutane
08B020 Hydroxyacetic acid
18A020 Phenol
08B041 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
08B041 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
xvii
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid
Hydroxybenzoic acids
Hydroxybiphenyls
2-Hydroxydibenzofuran
Hydroxyethanoic acid
2-Hydroxyethylamine
2-Hydroxyf1uorene
Hydroxyhydri ndene
Hydroxyindan
a-Hydroxynaphthalene
2-Hydroxynaphthalene
2-Hydroxynitrobenzene
1-Hydroxyphenanthrene
2-Hydroxyphenanthrene
3-Hydroxyphenanthrene
4-Hydroxyphenanthrene
9-Hydroxyphenanthrene
Hydroxyphenanthrenes
o-Hydroxyphenol
2-Hydroxyphenol
1-Hydroxypropane
2-Hydroxypropane
3-Hydroxypropylene oxide
a-Hydroxytoluene
Hydroxytoluene
Indan
1-Indanol
4-Indanol
5-Indanol
Indanols
Indene
Il-lndeno(l,2-b)quino1ine
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
Indeno( 1,2,3- i j) i soqui no 1 i ne
Indole
Indonaphthene
lodomethane
IP
Isoacetophorone
Isoamyl acetate
sec-Isoamyl alcohol
Isoamyl alsohol
a-Isoamyl hydride
Isoborneol
Isobutane
Isobutanol
Isobutene
Isobutyl acetate
Isobutyl alcohol
Isobutylene
Isodurene
Isoheptane
Isohexane
Isononane
Isooctane
Isopentaldehyde
Isopentane
Isophorone
Isopropanolamine
2-Isopropoxy propane
Isopropyl acetate
Isopropyl alcohol
Isopropyl benzene
Isopropyl benzol
08B042 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid
08B043 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
08B043 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
08B040 Hydroxybenzoic acids
18A100 Phenylphenols
18C140 2-Hydroxydibenzofuran
08B020 Hydroxyacetic acid
10A060 Ethanolamine
18C120 2-Hydroxyfluorene
18C080 Indanols
18C080 Indanols
18C020 1-Naphthol
18C040 2-Naphthol
20A020 2-Nitrophenol
18C061 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene
18C062 2-Hydroxyphenanthrene
18C063 3-Hydroxyphenanthrene
18C064 4-Hydroxyphenanthrene
18C065 9-Hydroxyphenanthrene
18C060 Phenanthrols
18B020 Catechol
18B020 Catechol
05A060 1-Propanol
05B020 2-Propanol
06B020 2,3-Epoxy-l-propanol
OSA140 Benzyl alcohol
18A040 Cresols
158020 Indan
18C081 1-Indanol
18C082 4-Indanol
18C083 5-Indanol
18C080 Indanols
22A010 Indene
23B280 2,3-Benz-4-azaf1uorene
22D020 Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
23B300 Indeno(l,2,3-i j)i soqui noli ne
23C040 Indole
22A010 Indene
02A060 Methyl Iodide
22D020 Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
07B080 Isophorone
08D143 Isoamyl acetate
05B063 3-Methyl-2-butanol
05A124 3-Methyl-l-butanol
01A102 Isopentane
05B140 Isoborneol
01A082 Isobutane
05A100 Isobutyl alcohol
01B064 Isobutylene
08D123 Isobutyl acetate
05A100 Isobutyl alcohol
01B064 Isobutylene
15B202 1,2,3,5-Tetramethy1 benzene
01A182 Isoheptane
01A142 Isohexane
01A222 Isononane
01A202 Isooctane '
07A122 3-Methylbutanal
01A102 Isopentane
07B080 Isophorone
10A123 l-Amino-2-propanol
03A020 Isopropyl ether
08D102 Isopropyl acetate
05B020 2-Propanol
15A120 Isopropyl benzene
15A120 Isopropyl benzene
xviii
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Isopropyl ether
Isopropyl methyl carbinol
Isopropyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
Isopropylidene chloride
Isopropylmercaptan
Isoquinoline
Isovaleral
Isovaleraldehyde
Isovaleric aldehyde
Laurie acid
Leucoline
Lindane
2,3-Lutidine
2,4-Lutidine
2,5-Lutidine
2,6-Lutidine
3,4-Lutidine
M.E.K.
Maleic acid
Maleinic acid
Malenic acid
Marsh gas
p-Menth-l-en-8-ol
p-Mentha-6,8-dien-2-one
Mercaptobenzene
1-Mercaptopropanol
Mesitol
Mesitylene
Methacrylic acid
2-Methaloctane
Methanal
Methanamide
Methane
Methane trichloride
Methanecarboxami de
Methanethiol
Methanoic acid
Methanol
l-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzene
1-Methoxy-3-nitrobenzene
l-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzene
Methoxyaniline
m-Methoxyaniline
2-Methoxybiphenyl
Methoxynitrobenzenes
2-Methoxyphenol
Methyl a-methylacrylate
Methyl acetate
Methyl alcohol
Methyl aldehyde
Methyl anilines
Methyl benzoate
2-Methyl benzothiazole
Methyl bromide
Methyl butene
Methyl chloride
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloromethyl ether
4-Methyl chrysene
5-Methyl chrysene
Methyl chrysenes
Methyl cyanide
Methyl diphenyl ether
Methyl dithiomethane
Methyl
Methyl
ester
ester of benzoic acid
03A020 Isopropyl ether
058063 3-Methyl-2-butanol
21B112 Isopropyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
02A344 2,2-Oichloropropane
13A062 Propane-2-thiol
23B021 Isoquinoline
07A122 3-Methylbutanal
07A122 3-Methylbutanal
07A122 3-Methylbutanal
08A104 Laurie acid
23B022 Isoquinoline
02A380 Hexachlorocyclohexane
23A141 2,3-Oimethylpyridine
23A142 2,4-Dimethylpyridine
23A143 2,5-Dimethylpyridine
23A144 2,6-Dimethylpyridine
23A145 3,4-Dimethylpyridine
07B060 Butanone
08A060 Maleic acid
08A060 Maleic acid
08A060 Maleic acid
01A020 Methane
05C060 a-Terpineol
078181 Carvone (d or 1)
13A100 Benzenethiol
13A061 Propane-1-thiol
18A181 2,4,6-Trimethyl phenol
15B183 1,3,5-Trimethyl benzene
08D080 Methyl methacrylate
01A222 Isononane
07A020 Formaldehyde
08C020 Formamide
01A020 Methane
02A100 Chloroform
08C040 Acetamide
13A020 Methanethiol
08A020 Formic acid
05A020 Methanol
17B021 l-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzene
178022 l-Methoxy-3-nitrobenzene
17B023 l-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzene
10C080 Anisidines
10C082 m-Anisidine
03A040 2-Methoxybiphenyl
17B020 Methoxynitrobenzenes
18A060 2-Methoxyphenol
08D080 Methyl methacrylate
080020 Methyl acetate
05A020 Methanol
07A020 Formaldehyde
10C040 Aminotoluenes
08D160 Methyl benzoate
23D040 2-Methyl benzothiazole
02A020 Methyl bromide
01B101 1-Pentene
02A040 Methyl chloride
02A280 Trichloroethane
04A020 Chloromethyl methyl ether
21B141 4-Methyl chrysenes
21B142 5-Methyl chrysene
21B140 Methyl chrysenes
09A020 Acetonitrile
03A040 2-Methoxybiphenyl
138080 Methyldisulfide
080080 Methyl methacrylate
080160 Methyl benzoate
xix
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
1-Methyl ethyl benzene 15A12Q
Methyl ethyl ketone 07B060
Methyl glycol 06A040
Methyl hydride 01A020
Methyl iodide 02A060
Methyl mercaptan 13A020
Methyl methacrylate 08D080
Methyl methyl aerylate 080080
1-Methyl naphthalene 21A041
2-Methyl naphthalene 21A042
1-Methyl phenanthrene 21A201
3-Methyl phenanthrene 21A202
Methyl phenanthrenes 21A200
Methyl phenyl nitrosamine 12B020
Methyl propyl carbinol 05B061
Methyl sulfide 13B020
Methyl sulfoxide 148020
a-Methyl-a-hydroxy toluene 05B100
1-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene 21B102
2-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene 21B103
5-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene 21B104
6-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene 21B105
7-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene 21B106
8-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene 21B107
2-Methyl-methyl ester 080080
N-Methyl-N-nitrosoaniline 12B020
N-Methyl-N-nitrosobenzenamine 12B020
2-Methyl-1-butanol 05A122
3-Methyl-1-butanol 05A124
3-Methyl-l-butanol acetate 08D143
2-Methyl-l-propanol 05A100
Methyl-1,2-benzophenanthrene 21B140
3-Methyl-2-butanol 05B063
2-Methyl-2-butanol 05C040
l-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene 16A180
2-Methyl-2-phenyl propane ' 15A143
2-Methyl-2-phenyl propane 15A143
2-Methyl-2-propanol 05C020
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol 20B020
2-Methyl-5-(l-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexene-l-one 07B181
Methylacetylene 01C040
Methylallene 01B081
Methyl amine 10A020
Methyl benzene 15A040
Methyl benzene carboxylate 08D160
2-Methylbenzofuran 24A061
3-Methylbenzofuran 24A062
5-Methylbenzofuran 24A063
7-Methylbenzofuran 24A064
Methylbenzofurans 24A060
a-Methylbenzyl alcohol 05B100
2-Methylbutanal 07A121
3-Methylbutanal 07A122
Methylbutanals 07A120
2-Methylbutane 01A102
2-Methylbutyraldehyde 07A121
a-Methylbutyraldehyde 07A121
3-Methylbutyraldehyde 07A122
3-Methylcarbazole 23C101
9-Methylcarbazole 23C102
Methylcarbazoles 23C100
Methylcatechol 18A060
20-Methylchlolanthrene 21B080
3-Methylchlolanthrene 21B080
Methyldibenzopyrrole 23C100
Methyldibenzopyrrole 23C101
Isopropyl benzene
Butanone
Propylene glycol
Methane
Methyl iodide
Methanethiol
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl metnacrylate
1-Methyl naphthalene
2-Methyl napthalene
1-Methyl phenanthrene
3-Methyl phenanthrene
Methyl phenanthrenes
N-Methyl-N-nitrosoaniline
2-Pentanol
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
1-Phenylethanol
1-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
2-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
5-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
6-Methyl-benzo(c)phenantnrene
7-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
8-Methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
Methyl methacrylate
N-Methyl-N-nitrosoani1ine
N-Methy1-N-nitrosoani1ine
2-Methyl-1-butanol
3-Methyl-l-butanol
Isoamyl acetate
Isobutyl alcohol
Methyl chrysenes
3-Methyl-2-butanol
t-Pentanol
2-Chlorotoluene
tert-Butyl benzene
tert-Butyl benzene
t-Butyl alcohol
4,6-Oinitro-o-cresol
Carvone (d or 1)
Propyne
1,2-Butadiene
Methyl amine
Toluene
Methyl benzoate
2-Methylbenzofuran
3-Methylbenzofuran
5-Methylbenzofuran
7-Methylbenzofuran
Methylbenzofurans
1-Phenylethanol
2-Methylbutanal
3-Methylbutanal
Methylbutanals
Isopentane
2-Methylbutanal
2-Methylbutanal
3-Methylbutanal
3-Methylcarbazole
9-Methylcarbazole
Methylcarbazoles
2-Methoxyphenol
3-Methylcholanthrene
3-Methylcholanthrene
Methylcarbazoles
3-Methylcarbazole
XX
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
9-Methy1di benzopyrrole
Methyldiphenylenimine
3-Methyldiphenylenimine
9-Methyldiphenylenimine
Methyldisulfide
Methylene bichloride
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)
Methylene chloride
Methylene oxide
Methyl ethylbromoethane
Methyl ethylene glycol
2-Methylheptane
2-Methylhexane
Methylhydrazine
2-Methylindole
3-Methylindole
Methylindoles
3-Methyllepidine
Methyl methane
Methylnitrobenzenes
Methylni trosopheny1 ami ne
2-Methylpentane
Methylphenol
Methylpheny1carbinol
2-Methylpropane
2-Methylpropene
1-Methylpropyl benzene
1-Methylpropyl benzene
a-Methy1propylethanoate
b-Methylpropylethanoate
1-Methylpyrene
2-Methylpyridine
3-Methylpyridine
4-Methylpyridine
Methylpyridines
3-Methylquinaldine
6-Methylquinaldine
2-Methylquinoline
Methylthiomethane
2-Methylthiophene
3-Methylthiophene
Methylthiophenes
Mono-n-propylamine
Monoalkyl naphthalenes
Monoallyamine
Monobromomethane
Monochloroethane
Monochloromethyl ether
Monomethylamine
Monomethylhydrazi ne
Monosubstituted alkyl pyridines
Morpholine
Myristic acid
Naphthacene
a-Naphthacridine
Naphthalene
1-Naphthalenol
Naphtha]in
Naphthaline
Naphthene
Naphtho(l,2-b)furan
Naphtho(2,l-b)furan
Naphtho(2,3-b)furan
Naphtho-1',2':2,3-anthracene
Naphthofurans
1-Naphtfiol
23C102 9-MethyIcarbazole
23C100 Methylcarbazoles
23C101 3-Methylcarbazole
23C102 9-Methylcarbazole
138080 Methyldisulfide
02A080 Methylene chloride
10C180 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)
02A080 Methylene chloride
07A020 Formaldehyde
02A362 2-Bromobutane
06A040 Propylene glycol
01A202 Isooctane
01A182 Isoheptane
11B020 Monoraethylhydrazine
23C061 2-Methylindole
23C062 3-Methylindole
23C060 Methylindoles
23B064 3,4-Dimethylquinoline
01A040 Ethane
17A040 Nitrotoluenes
12B020 N-Methy1-N-nitrosoani1i ne
01A142 Isohexane
18A040 Cresols
05B100 1-Phenylethanol
01A082 Isobutane
01B064 Isobutylene
15A142 sec-Butyl benzene
15A142 sec-Butyl benzene
08D122 sec-Butyl acetate
080123 Isobutyl acetate
21B200 1-Methylpyrene
23A041 2-Methylpyridine
23A042 3-Methylpyridine
23A042 4-Methylpyridine'
23A040 Picolines
23B061 2,3-Dimethylquinoline
23B062 2,6-Oimethylquinoline
23B040 2-Methylquinoline,
13B020 Dimethyl sulfide
25A041 2-Methylthiophene
25A042 3-Methylthiophene
25A040 Methylthiophenes
10A100 1-Aminopropane
21A040 Monoalkyl naphthalenes
10A110 3-Aminopropene
02A020 Methyl Bromide
02A250 Ethyl chloride
04A020 Chloromethyl methyl ether
10A020 Methyl amine
11B020 Monomethylhydrazine
23A060 Monosubstituted alkyl pyridines
10B100 Morpholine
08A121 Myristic acid
21B020 Naphthacene
23B200 Benz(c)acridine
21A020 Naphthalene
18C020 1-Naphthol
21A020 Naphthalene
21A020 Naphthalene
21A020 Naphthalene
24B041 Naphtho(l,2-b)furan
24B042 Naphtho(2,l-b)furan
248043 Naphtho(2,3-b)furan
21C020 1,2-Benzonaphthacene
24B040 Naphthofurans
18C020 1-Naphthol
xxi
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
a-Naphthol
2-Naphthol
b-Naphtho!
a-Naphthonitrile
1-Naphthonitrile
b-Naphthonitrile
2-Naphthonitrile
Naphthonitriles
Naphthopyridine
b-Naphthoqui no!i ne
a-Naphthoquinoline
b-Naphthyl hydroxide
1-Naphthylanrine
a-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
b-Naphthylamine
Naphthy1eneethy1ene
2,3-Naptho-2,3-phenanthrene
Necatorina
Neopentane
Neopentyl alcohcrl
Nitroanisoles
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrobiphenyl
p-Nitrobiphenyl
p-Nitrochlorobenzene
4-Nitrodiphenyl
2-Nitrophenol
o-Nitrophenol
3-Nitrophenol
m-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrophenol
Nitrophenyl methyl ethers
N-Nitroso-N-dipropylamine
N-Nitroso-N-methylani1ine
N-Nitrosodiethyl amine
N-Nitrosodiisopropylamine
Ni trosodi i sopropy1 ami ne
N-Ni trosodi methyl ami ne
N-Nitrosodipentylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitrosodipropylamine
Nitrosomethylaniline
N-Nitrosophenylamine
2-Nitrotoluene
3-Nitrotoluene
4-Nitrotoluene
Nitrotoluenes
Nitrous diisopropylamide
Nitrous diphenylamide
Nitrous dipropyl amide
n-Nonane
Nonanes
Nonyl alcohol
Octadecanoic acid
cis-9-Octadecanoic acid
n-Octane
Octanes •
Octanoic acid
Octyl phthalate
Oleic acid
2-Oxetanone
2-Oxobovane
Oxole
Oxybenzene
18C020 1-Naphthol
18C040 2-Naphthol
18C040 2-Naphthol
09B041 a-Naphthonitrile
09B041 a-Naphthonitrile
09B042 b-Naphthonitrile
098042 b-Naphthonitrile
09B040 Naphthonitriles
23B140 Benzo(f)quinoline
23B140 8enzo(f)quinoline
23B160 Benzo(h)quino1ine
18C040 2-Naphthol
10C200 1-Aminonaphthalene
10C200 1-Aminonaphthalene
10C220 2-Aminonaphthalene
10C220 2-Aminonaphthalene
21A100 Acenaphthene
21C020 1,2-Benzonaphthacene
02A240 Carbon Tetrachloride
01A103 Neopentane
05A123 2,2-Dimethyl-l-propanol
17B020 Methoxynitrobenzenes
17A020 Nitrobenzene
17A060 4-Nitrobiphenyl
17A060 4-Nitrobiphenyl
17B060 l-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene
17A060 4-Nitrobiphenyl
20A020 2-Nitrophenol
20A020 2-Nitrophenol
20A040 3-Nitrophenol
20A040 3-Nitrophenol
20A060 4-Nitrophenol
20A060 4-Nitrophenol
17B020 Methoxynitrobenzenes
12A060 N-Nitrosodipropylamine •
12B020 N-Methyl-N-nitrosoaniline
12A040 N-Nitrosodiethyl amine
12A080 N-Nitrosodiisopropylamine
12A080 N-Nitrosodiisopropylamine
12A020 N-Nitrosodimethyl amine
12A100 N-Nitrosodipentylamine
12B040 N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
12A060 N-Nitrosodipropylamine
12B020 N-Methyl-N-nitrosoaniline
12B020 N-Methyl-N-nitrosoaniline
17A041 2-Nitrotoluene
17A042 3-Nitrotoluene
17A043 4-Nitrotoluene
17A040 Nitrotoluenes
12A080 N-Ni trosodi i sopropy1 ami ne
12B040 N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
12A060 N-Nitrosodipropylamine
01A221 n-Nonane
01A220 Nonanes
05B080 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanol
08A123 Stearic acid
08A140 Oleic acid
01A201 n-Octane
01A200 Octanes
08A102 Caprylic acid
08D300 Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
08A140 Oleic acid
08B060 b-Propiolactone
07B100 Camphor
24A020 Furan
18A020 Phenol
XX11
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
I,l'-0xyb1s (2-chloroethane)
Oxybis[ch1oromethane]
2,2'-Oxybis[propane]
Palmitic acid
b-Parvolone
PCB's
Pentachlorophenol
Pentamethylene
n-Pentane
Pentanes
Pentanoic acid
n-Pentanol
1-Pentanol
2-Pentanol
3-Pentanol
t-Pentanol
Pentanols, (primary)
Pentanols, (secondary)
1-Pentene
cis-2-Pentene
trans-2-Pentene
Pentenes
2-Pentyl acetate
t-Pentyl alcohol
1-Pentylene
Perchlorobenzene
Perchlorocyclopentadiene '
Perchloroethane
Perch!oroethylene
Perchloromethane
Perch!oromethanethiol
Perchloromethyl mercaptan
Periethylenenaphthalene
Perylene
Phenanthrene
Phenanthridine
Phenanthro(9,10-b)furan
Phenanthrols
Phenanthrylene methane
Phene
Phenethyl alcohol
B-Phenethyl alcohol
a-Phenethyl alcohol
Phenic acid
Phenol
o-Phenyl anisole
Phenyl benzoate
Phenyl bromide
1-Pheny! butane
2-Phenyl butane
2-Phenyl butane
Phenyl chloride
Phenyl cyanide
Phenyl formic acid
Phenyl hydroxide
Phenyl mercaptan
Phenyl methanol
Phenyl methyl ketone
1-Phenyl propane
Phenyl pyridines
2-Phenyl pyridines
3-Phenyl pyridines
4-Phenyl pyridines
Phenyl sulfide
Phenylaldehyde
Phenylamine
04B080 2,2'-Oichlorodiethyl ether
04B020 l.l'-Dichloromethyl ether
03A020 Isopropyl ether
08A122 Palmitic acid
23A146 2,3,4,6-Tetramethy1pyri di ne
16A220 Polychlorinated biphenyls
19A060 Pentachlorophenol
01A120 Cyclopentane
01A101 n-Pentane
01A100 Pentanes
08A080 Valeric acid
05A121 n-Pentanol
05A121 n-Pentanol
05B061 2-Pentanol
05B062 3-Pentanol
05C040 t-Pentanol
05A120 Pentanols, (primary)
05B060 Pentanols, (secondary)
01B101 1-Pentene
01B102 • cis-2-Pentene
01B103 trans-2-Pentene
01B100 Pentenes
080142 sec-Amyl acetate
05C040 t-Pentanol
01B101 1-Pentene
16A162 Hexachlorobenzene
02B140 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
02A320 Hexachloroethane
02B080 Tetrachloroethene
02A240 Carbon Tetrachloride
13A140 Perchloromethanethiol
13A140 Perchloromethanethiol
21A100 Acenaphthene
21C140 Perylene
21A180 Phenanthrene
23B120 Phenanthridine
24B080 Phenanthro(9,10-b)furan
18C060 Phenanthrols
22B080 Cyclopenta(def)phenanthrene
15A020 Benzene
05A160 Phenethyl alcohol
05A160 Phenethyl alcohol
05B100 1-Phenylethanol
18A020 Phenol
18A020 Phenol
03A040 2-Methoxybiphenyl
080180 Phenyl benzoate
16A040 Bromobenzene
15A141 n-Butyl benzene
15A142 sec-Butyl benzene
15A142 sec-Butyl benzene
16A020 Chlorobenzene
09B020 Benzonitrile
08A160 Benzoic acid
18A020 Phenol
13A100 Benzenethiol
05A140 Benzyl alcohol
07B120 Acetophenone
15A100 Propyl benzene
23A080 Phenyl pyridines
23A081 2-Phenyl pyridines
23A082 3-Phenyl pyridines
23A083 4-Phenyl pyridines
13B060 Oiphenyl sulfide
07A140 Benzaldehyde
10C020 Aniline
xxiii
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
p-Phenylaniline
Phenylbenzene
Phenylcarbinol
p-Phenylenediamine
2,3-o-Phenylenepyrene
Phenylethane
2-Phenylethanol
1-Phenylethanol
1-Phenylethanone
Phenylethylene
Phenylhydride
Phenylic acid
Phenylmethane
Phenylmethyl alcohol
1-Phenylnaphthalene
2-Phenylnaphthalene
Phenylnaphthal enes
o-Phenylphenol
p-Phenylphenol
m-Phenylphenol
Phenylphenols
2-Phenylpropane
Phenylsulfonic acid
Phenylthiobenzene
Phthalate esters
Phthalic acid
o-Phthalic acid
Picene
Pi colines
Picramic acid
Picraminic acid
Picric acid
Polyalkyl phenols (MW greater than 135)
Polychlorinated benzenes
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's)
Prehnitene
Propaldehyde
Propanal
Propanamine
Propane
Propane
Propane-1-thiol
Propane-2-thiol
1,2-Propanediol
2-Propanenitrile
Propanenitrile
1-Propanethiol
2-Propanethiol
Propanethiols
Propanoic acid-3-hydroxy lactone
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
B-Propanolamine
Propanolamines
Propanolide
2-Propanone
Propenal
2-Propene-l-amine
2-Propenoic acid ethyl ether
Propine
b-Propiolactone
Propionaldehyde
Propionitrile
b-Propiono lactone
n-Propyl acetate
Propyl acetates
10C120 4-Aminobiphenyl
15A160 Biphenyl
05A140 Benzyl alcohol
10C100 1,4-Oiaminobenzene
22D020 Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
15A060 Ethyl benzene
05A160 Phenethyl alcohol
05B100 1-Phenylethanol
07B120 Acetophenone
15A080 Styrene
15A020 Benzene
18A020 Phenol
15A040 Toluene
05A140 Benzyl alcohol
21A061 1-Phenylnaphthalene
21A062 2-Phenylnaphthalene
21A060 Phenylnaphthalenes
18A101 o-Phenylphenol
18A102 p-Phenylphenol
18A103 m-Phenylphenol
18A100 Phenylphenols
15A120 Isopropyl benzene
14A020 Benzenesulfonic acid
13B060 Oiphenyl sulfide
080280 Phthalate esters
08A200 Phthalic acid
08A200 Phthalic acid
21C160 Picene
23A040 Picolines
20A080 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol
20A080 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol
20A120 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol
18A180 Polyalkyl phenols (MW greater than 135)
16A160 Polychlorinated benzenes
16A220 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's)
15B201 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene
07A080 Propionaldehyde
07A080 Propionaldehyde
10A100 1-Aminopropane
01A060 Propane
01B040 Propylene
13A061 Propane-1-thiol
13A062 Propane-2-thiol
06A040 Propylene glycol
09A040 Acrylonitrile
09A060 1-Cyanoethane
13A061 Propane-1-thiol
13A062 Propane-2-thiol
13A060 Propanethiols
08B060 b-Propiolactone
05A060 1-Propano'l
05B020 2-Propanol
10A121 2-Amino-l-propanol
10A120 Propanolamines
088060 b-Propiolactone
07B020 Acetone
07A060 Acrolein
10A110 3-Aminopropene
08D060 Ethyl acrylate
01C040 Propyne
08B060 b-Propiolactone
07A080 Propionaldehyde
09A060 1-Cyanoethane
08B060 b-Propiolactone
080101 n-Propyl acetate
080100 Propyl acetates
XXIV
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
n-Propyl alcohol
Propyl aldehyde
Propyl benzene
Propyl cyanide
Propyl nitrosamine
n-Propyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
Propylacetic acid
n-Propylamine
Propylene
Propylene chloride
Propylene dichloride
Propylene glycol
Propylethylene
Propylidene chloride
Propylidene dichloride
Propylmercaptan
Oi-n-propylnitrosami ne
4-n-Propylpyridine
Propyne
Pseudobutyl benzene
Pseudobutyl benzene
Pseudobutylene
Pseudocumene
Pyrene
Pyridine
a-Pyridylbenzene
a-Pyri dy1 benzene
b-Pyridylbenzene
g-Pyridyl benzene
Pyrocatechol
Pyrogallic acid
Pyrogallol
Pyrrole
p,p'-Quaterphenyl
Quinaldine
Quinol
Quinoline
Quinolines
Resorcinol
Rubbing alcohol
Salicylic acid
Saturated Long Chain Acids (MW:116-201)
Saturated Long Chain Acids(MW:228-285)
Secondary butyl amine
Skatole
Stearic acid
Styrene
Styrolene
Sulfinylbis[methane]
Tar camphor
Telone
o-Terphenyl
m-Terphenyl
p-Terphenyl
Terphenyls
a-Terpineol
Tertiary butylamine
Tetracene
1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-2-propanone
Tetrachloroacetone
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Tetrachloroethy1ene
Tetrachloromethane
Tetradecanoic acid
n-Tetradecoic acid
05A060 1-Propanol
07A080 Propionaldehyde
15A100 Propyl benzene
09A080 Butyronitrile
12A060 N-Nitrosodipropylamine
21B111 n-Propyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
08A080 Valeric acid
10A100 '1-Aminopropane
01B040 Propylene
02A342 1,2-Oichloropropane
02A342 1,2-Oichloropropane
06A040 Propylene glycol
01B101 1-Pentene
02A341 1,1-Dichloropropane
02A341 1,1-Dichloropropane
13A061 Propane-1-thiol
12A060 N-Nitrosodipropylamine
23A064 4-n-Propylpyridine
01C040 Propyne
15A143 tert-Butyl benzene
15A143 tert-Butyl benzene
01B062 cis-2-Butene
15B182 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
21B180 Pyrene
23A020 Pyridine
23A081 2-Pheny] pyridines
23A081 2-Phenyl pyridines
23A082 3-Phenyl pyridines
23A083 4-Phenyl pyridines
18B020 Catechol
18B080 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene
18B080 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene
23C020 Pyrrole
15B060 4,4'-Diphenylbiphenyl
23B040 2-Methylquinoline
18B060 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
23B021 Quinoline
23B020 Quinolines
18B040 1,3-Dihydroxybenzene
05B020 2-Propanol
08B041 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
08A100 Saturated Long Chain Acids (MW:116-201)
08A120 Saturated Long Chain Acids(MW:228-285)
10A142 2-Aminobutane
23C062 3-Methylindole
08A123 Stearic acid
15A080 Styrene
15A080 Styrene
14B020 Dimethyl sulfoxide
21A020 Naphthalene
02B103 cis-l,3-Dichloropropene
15B161 o-Terphenyl
15B162 m-Terphenyl
15B163 p-Terphenyl
15B160 Terphenyls
05C060 a-Terpineol
10A143 2-Amino-2-methylpropane
21B020 Naphthacene
07C020 Tetrachloroacetone
07C020 Tetrachloroacetone
02A300 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
02B080 Tetrachloroethene
02B080 Tetrachloroethene
02A240 Carbon Tetrachloride
08A121 Myristic acid
08A121 Myristic acid
XXV
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Tetrahydro-l,4-oxazine
3a,7,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4,7-methanoi ndene
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrobenzene
Tetrahydrobenzene
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydronaphthalene
Tetralin
Tetraline
1,2,3,4-Tetramethyl benzene
1,2,3,5-Tetramethy1 benzene
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
Tetramethylbenzenes
Tetramethylmethane
Tetramethylsuccinonitrile
Tetraphenyl
Tetrole
l-l'-Thiobis[benzene]
l-l'-Thiobisethane
Thiobismethane
Thioethylether
Thiofuran
Thionaphthene
Thiophene
Thiophenol
2,3-Thioxene
2,4-Thioxene
a,a-Thioxene
TMSN
Toluene
a-Toluenol
Toluidines
Toluol
o-Toluquinaldine
o-Tolyl chloride
Toxilic acid
Tri-m-tolyl phosphate
Tri-o-cresyl phosphate
Tri-o-tolyl phosphate
Tri-p-tolyl phosphate
Tribenzylene benzene
Tribromomethane
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
B-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichloromethane
Trichloromethanethiol
Trichloromonofluoromethane
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tricresol phosphate
Triethyl phosphate
1,2,3-Tri hydroxybenzene
Trimethyl and tetramethyl thiophenes
Trimethyl carbinol
2,4,6-Trimethyl phenol
3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-l-one
a,a,4-Trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-l-methano1
1,2,3-Trimethy1 benzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-THmethy 1 benzene
Trimethylbenzenes
l,7,7-Trimethylbicylo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
Trimethylbromomethane
10B100 Morpholine
01B220 Dicyclopentadiene
018160 Cyclohexene
01B160 Cyclohexene
03A060 Tetrahydrofuran
15B120 Tetrahydronaphthalene
15B120 Tetrahydronaphthalene
15B120 Tetrahydronaphthalene
15B201 1,2,3,4-Tetramethy1 benzene
158202 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene
15B203 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
15B200 Tetramethylbenzenes
01A103 Neopentane
09A120 Tetramethylsucci noni tri1e
15B060 4,4'-Diphenylbiphenyl
24A020 Furan
138060 Diphenyl sulfide
138040 Diethyl sulfide
13B020 Dimethyl sulfide
13B040 Diethyl sulfide
25A020 Thiophene
25B040 Benzo(b)thiophene
25A020 Thiophene
13A100 Benzenethiol
25A061 2,3-Dimethylthiophene
25A062 2,4-Dimethylthiophene
25A063 2,5-Dimethylthiophene
09A120 Tetramethylsucci noni tri1e
15A040 Toluene
05A140 Benzyl alcohol
10C040 Aminotoluenes
15A040 Toluene
23B120 2,8-Dimethylquinoline
16A180 2-Chlorotoluene
08A060 Maleic acid
268043 Tri-m-tolyl phosphate
260842 Tri-o-tolyl phosphate
268041 Tri-o-tolyl phosphate
26B042 Tri-p-tolyl phosphate
22D040 Tribenzylene benzene
02A160 Bromoform
16A161 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
02A280 Trichloroethane
02A280 Trichloroethane
02A290 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
02A290 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Q2B070 Trichloroethylene
02A220 Trichlorofluoromethane
02A100 Chloroform
13A140 Perch!oromethanethiol
02A220 Trichlorofluoromethane
19A050 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
26B040 Tritolyl phosphate
26A020 Triethyl phosphate
188080 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene
25A080 Trimethyl and tetramethyl thiophenes
05C020 t-Butyl alcohol
18A181 2,4,6-Trimethyl phenol
07B080 Isophorone
05C060 a-Terpineol
158181 1,2,3-Trimethyl benzene
158182 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
158183 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
158180 Trimethylbenzenes
078100 Camphor
02A363 2-Bromoisobutane
xxvi
-------
COMPOUND/ELEMENT
CATEGORY PREFERRED NAME
Triraethylene chloride
Trimethyl methane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
Tn'methylphenyl methane
Trimethylphenyl methane
Trimethy1pyri di nes
2,3,5-Tn'methy 1 thi ophene
2,4,6-Tri ni trophenol
Triorthocresol phosphate
Triphenyl phosphate
Triphenylene
Tritolyl phosphate
Truxene
TSN
n-Undecane
Unsym-trichlorobenzene
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
Valeriam'c acid
Valeric acid
Vinyl benzene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl cyanide
Vinylidene chloride
Wood alcohol
o-Xylene
m-Xylene
p-Xylene
o-Xylene chloride
m-Xylene chloride
p-Xylene chloride
Xylenes
2,3-Xylenol
2,4-Xylenol
2,5-Xylenol
2,6-Xylenol
3,5-Xylenol
3,4-Xylenol
Xylenols
2,3-Xylidine
2,4-Xylidine
2,5-Xylidine
2,6-Xylidine
3,4-Xylidine
3,5-Xylidine
Xylidines
Xylol
02A343 1,3-Dichloropropane
01A082 Isobutane
01A202 Isooctane
15A143 tert-Butyl benzene
15A143 tert-Butyl benzene
23A120 Collidines
25A081 .2,3,5-Trimethylthiophene
20A120 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol
26B041 Tri-o-tolyl phosphate
26B020 Triphenyl phosphate
21B160 Triphenylene
26B040 Tritolyl phosphate
22D040 Tribenzylene benzene
09A120 Tetramethylsuccinonitrile
01A242 n-Undecane
16A161 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
11B040 N,N-Oimethylhydrazine
08A080 Valeric acid
08A080 Valeric acid
15A080 Styrene
02B020 Vinyl chloride
09A040 Acrylonitrile
02B060 1,1-Dichloroethene
05A020 Methanol
15B081 o-Xylene
15B082 m-Xylene
15B083 p-Xylene
16B041 1,2-bis (Chloromethyl) benzene
16B042 1-3-bis (Chloromethyl) benzene
16B043 1,4-bis (Chloromethyl) benzene
15B080 Xylenes
18A141 2,3-Xylenol
18A142 2,4-Xylenol
18A143 2,5-Xylenol
18A144 2,6-Xylenol
18A145 3,5-Xylenol
18A146 3,4-Xylenol
18A140 Xylenols
10C061 2,3-Xylidine
10C062 2,4-Xylidine
10C063 2,5-Xylidine
10C064 2,6-Xylidine
10C065 3,4-Xylidine
10C066 3,5-Xylidine
10C060 Dimethylanilines
15B080 Xylenes
xxvii
-------
MOLECULAR FORMULA INDEX FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ADDRESSED BY MEG'S
CC12F2
CC13F
cci4
CHBrCl2
CHBr2Cl
CHBr3
CHCL3
CHC13S
CH20
CH3Br
CH3C1
CH3I
CH3
CH4
CH40
CH4S
CH5N
CH6N2
c2ci4
C2HC13
C2C16
L I
L I
C2H3C1
C2H3C13
C2H3C13
C2H3N
02A180
02A200
02A220
02A240
02A120
02A140
02A160
02A100
13A140
02A080
07A020
08A020
11A020
02A020
02A040
02A060
08C020
01A020
05A020
1 3A020
1 OA020
11B020
02B090
02B080
02B070
02A320
01C020
02B040
02B060
02A300
02B020
02A280
02A290
09A020
C2H4
C2H402
C2H4C12
C2H4C120
C2H40
C2H4°3
w/\n r~ v 1
2 5
C2H5C10
C2H5N
C2H5NO
C2H6
C2H6N20
C2HgS2
C2HgSO
C2H6°2
C0H,S
/ r\
L. \J
26
C,H7N
/ I
C0H7N
C- 1
C9H7NO
/ /
t. /
C2H8N2
C2H8N2
C3H2C140
r H
34
C3H4C12
C-H.O
< /I
O *T
CQHCC10
o b
C^HnClO
O b
CQHCC10
O b
C3H5N
01B020
08A040
02A260
04B020
07A040
08B020
02A250
04A020
10B020
08C040
01A040
12A020
05A040
13B080
14B020
06A020
13A040
13B020
10A040
1OB040
10A060
10A080
11B040
11B060
07C020
09A040
01C040
02B100
07A060
08B060
04A040
04A050
04A060
09A060
xxviii
-------
INDEX (Continued)
C3H6
C3H6°
C3H6°
C3H6°2
C3H6°2
C3H7N
C3H7C10
C3H8
C3H8°
C3H8°
C3H8°
C3H8°2
C3H8S
C3HgN
C3HgN
C3HgNO
c4ci6
C4H40
C4H4S
C4H5N
C4H6
C4H6
C4H6°3
C4H7N
C4H8
C4H8C120
C4H8C12°
C4H8C120
C4H80
W
01B040
02A340
07B020
07A080
06B020
08D020
10A110
04A080
04A100
01A060
05A020
05A060
05B020
06A040
1 3A060
10A100
10B060
10A120
02B120
24A020
08A060
25A020
23C020
01B080
01C060
08B060
04A140
09A080
01B060
04B040
04B060
04B080
03A060
07A100
C4H80
C4H8°2
C4H402
C4H8°2
C4HgBr
C4HgC10
C4HgNO
C4H10
C4H10°
C4H1Q0
C4H10°
C4H10N2(
C4H1Q0
C4H100
C4H10S
C4H10S
G4HnN
C4H11N
C5H4C1N
C5H5N
C5C16
C5H6
C5H6S
C5H8°2
C5H8°2
C H
L5H10
C H
L5M10
C5H10°
C5H10°2
C5H10°2
f H
L5H12
C5H120
C5H12°
C5H120
07B060
03B020
03B040
08B040
02A360
04A120
10B100
01A080
05A080
05A100
05A080
12A040
05C020
05B040
13A080
13B040
10A140
10B080
23A100
23A020
02B140
01B120
25A040
08D060
08D080
01B100
01A120
07A120
08A080
08D100
01 AT 00
05A120
05B060
05C040
xxix
-------
INDEX (Continued)
C6C16
C6HnC1n
CgHClgO
C6H3C13
C6H4BrCl
C6H4Br2
C6H4C1N02
C6H4C12
C6H4C12
C6H4C120
C6H4N2°5
C6H5Br
C6H5C1
C6H5C10
C6H5N02
C6H5N03
C6H5N03
C,H,NOQ
DO 6
C6H5N305
C6H6
C6H6C16
C6H6°
C6H6°2
C6H6°2
C6H6°2
C6H6°3
C6H6S03
C6H6
C6H7N
16A162
16A160
19A060
16A161
20A120
16A080
16A060
17B040
17B060
16A100
16A120
16A140
1 9A040
20A100
16A040
16A020
19A020
17A020
20A020
20A040
20A060
20A080
1 5A020
02A380
18A020
18B020
18B040
18B060
18B080
14A020
13A100
10C020
23A040
C6H8
C6H8N2
C6H8N20
C6H8S
C6H10
C6H10°2
C6H10°4
C6H11NO
C6H12
C6H12
C6H12°2
C6H12°2
C6H12C120
C6H13C10
C6H13N
C6H13N02
C6H14
C6H14N20
C6H14N20
C6H140
C6H15°4P
C7H,N
/ 0
C?H5NS
C7H6N2°4
C7H6N2°5
C7H6N2°5
C7H,0
/ 0
C7H6°2
C7H6°3
C7HyCl
CyH7Cl
CyHyC10
CyHyN02
01B180
10C100
09A100
25A060
01B160
08A101
08A180
08C060
01A160
01B140
03B060
08D120
04B100
04A160
10A160
08B100
01A140
12A060
12A080
03A020
26A020
09B020
23D020
17A080
20B020
20B040
07A140
08A160
08B040
16A180
16B020
19B020
17A040
XXX
-------
INDEX (Continued)
C7H?N03
C7C8
C7H8N20
C7H80
C?H80
C7H8°2
C7HgN
C7HgN
C7HgN
C7HgN
C7HgN
CyH9N
C7HgN
C7H9N
C7HgN
C7HgNO
C7H10S
C7H14
C7H16
C8H6°
C8H6°4
C8H6S
C8H6S2
C8H7N
CQH7NS
o /
C8H8C12
C8H8°2
C8H8°2
C8H10
C8H10
C8H1QN
C8H10°
C8H10°
17B020
1 5A040
12B020
05A140
18A040
18A060
10C040
23A141
23A142
23A143
23A144
23A145
23A061
23A062
23A063
10C080
25A081
01B200
080140
01A180
24A040
08A200
25B040
25B020
23C040
23D040
16B040
07B120
08D160
15B080
15A060
05A160
05B100
18A080
C8H1QN
C8H11N
C0HinN
8 11
C8HnN
C0H,,N
8 n
r H
8 12
C8H12N2
C8H16C12°
C8H16°2
C8H17C1
r u
Vl8
CQH7N
9 7
r H
98
C0HQ0
9 o
C0H0N
9 9
r H
L9H10
CnH,nO
9 10
r u
912
r n
812
r H
L9H12
r H
912
C9H12°
C9H12°
CgH13N
CgH140
r n
V20
CgH200
C10H7C1
r n
L10H8
C10H8°
C10H8°
ClnHoN
10 9
C,0HftN
109
C1QH9N
18A140
10C060
10D020
23A120
23A064
15A080
09A120
04B120
08A102
02A400
01A200
23B020
22A010
24A060
23C060
15B020
18C080
15B180
15A100
15A120
15B180
18A160
18A181
23A146
07B080
01A220
05B080
16A200
21A020
18C020
18C040
10C200
10C220
23B040
xxxi
-------
INDEX (Continued)
C10H10
C10H10°4
C10H12
r H
1012
C10H14
Cl 0H1 4
C10H14
C10H14
C10H14
i \j i i
C1QH140
C10H16°
C10H16°
C10H18°
C10H18°
C10H18°
C10H18°4
t \j i w i
C10H20°2
C10H22
C1QH22N20
CnH7N
1 1 /
cnH7°2
CnH9N
cnHio
C-i -iH-i n
1 1 IU
cnHnN
C11H24
C12C1n
C12H8
C12H80
C12H80
C12H8S
C12HgBrO
C12HgC10
C12HgN
15B140
08D281
01B220
15B120
15A140
15B101
15B102
15B103
15B200
07B181
07B100
07B182
05B120
05B140
05C060
08D200
08A103
01A240
12A100
09B040
18C140
23A080
21A040
21A042
23B060
01A242
16A220
21A100
24B020
24B040
25B060
04A200
04A180
23C080
C12H9N02
C12H10
C12H10
C12H10C1N
\ c. 1 U
C12H10N2°
C12H10°
C12H10°
C12H10°2
C12H10S
C12H11N
C12H12
C12H12
C12H12
C12H12N2
C12H12N2
C12H14°4
C12H18
C12H18
C12H26
C10HQC109
139 £
C13HgN
C13HgN
C13HgN
C,0HnN
139
C13H10
C13H10°
C13H10°2
C13H11N
C13N11N
C13H12
C13H12C12N2
C13H120
C14H8C8S2
C14H10
17A060
15A160
21A100
10C160
12B040
18A100
18C100
18A120
13B060
10C120
21A043
21A044
21A080
10C140
11B080
08D282
15B104
15B105
01A260
07C040
23B080
23B120
23B140
23B160
22A020
18C120
08D180
23B100
23C100
22A040
10C180
03A040
14A040
21A140
XXXll
-------
INDEX (Continued)
C14H10
C14H10°
C14H10S
C14H15N3
C14H22
C14H26°4
C14H28°2
C15HgN
C15H10
C15H12
C15H24°
C16H10
C16H10
C16H10°
C16H10°
C16H10°
C16H10S
C16H11N
C16H12
C16H14
C16H22°4
C16H32°2
C17H11N
C17H11N
C17H12
C17H12
C17H12
C17H12°
C18H12
C18H12
C18H12
C18H14
21A180
18C060
13A120
11A040
15B106
18A182
08D220
08A121
23B300
22B080
21A201
18A183
22B040
21B180
24B060
24B080
24B100
25B080
23C120
23B280
21A060
21A160
08D283
08A122
23B180
23B200
21B200
22B020
22B060
07B160
21B040
21B101
21B120
15B160
C18H14
C18H15°4P
C18H34°2
C18H34°4
C18H36°2
C19H14
C19H14
C19H14
C19H14
C19H14
C19H14
C19H14
C19H20°4
C20H12
C20H12
C20H12
C20H12
C20H12
C20H12
C20H13N
C20H13N
C20H16
C20H17
C20H17
C21H14
C21H16
C21H18
C21H18
C22H12
21B220
26B020
08A140
08D240
08A123
21B102
21B103
21B104
21B105
21B106
21B107
21B140
08D320
22C020
22C040
22C080
21C100
21C120
21C140
23C140
23C160
23C180
21B060
21 BIOS
21B109
23B220
23B240
23B260
22C060
21B080
21B10A
21B10B
26B040
21D080
xxxiii
-------
INDEX (Continued)
C22H12
C22H14
C22H14
C22H14
C22H14
C22H14
C22H42°2
C24H12
C24H14
C24H14
C24H14
C24H20
C24H38°4
C27H18
22D020
21C020
21C040
21C060
21C080
21C160
08D260
21D100
21D020
21D040
21D060
15B060
08D300
22D040
xxxiv
-------
APPENDIX A
MEG CHARTS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION SUMMARIES
Appendix A of the MEG's report consists of background information summaries
and MEG charts for organic compounds included in the MEG's Master List and is
contained in this volume and in Volume III. The charts and summaries are
arranged by MEG's categories. Categories 1 through 12 are included in
Volume III; Categories 13-26 are in this volume (the distinguishing characteristics
of each of the MEG's categories are discussed in Volume IA, Appendix B).
Charts and summaries contained in this appendix address 586 organic
chemicals. At the beginning of each subcategory of compounds, a brief tabulation
is provided giving the number of compounds addressed in the subcategory, the
number of suspected carcinogens or teratogens included, the number of compounds
without numerical MEG's, and the specific Consent Decree compounds included.
A separate reference list is supplied for each subcategory allowing the user
to ascertain quickly if a particular reference has been used in the preparation
of the summaries for a compound group. The consolidated alphabetized bibliography
for the background information summaries is given in Appendix F, contained in
Volume IA.
An alphabetical index of preferred names and synonyms for the organic MEG
compounds and a molecular formula index are included in the front matter of
each volume of Appendix A.
The methodology developed for establishing Multimedia Environmental Goals
as outlined in Volume IA has been applied in the preparation of the background
information summaries and MEG charts contained in this appendix.
xxxv
-------
CATEGORY 13
THIOLS, SULFIDES, AND DISULFIDES
SUBCATEGORY: ISA - Thiols
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 9
number of parent compounds with subspecies 2
number of subspecies 4
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 1
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: None
A-483
-------
CATEGORY: 13A WLN: SHI
HETHANETHIOL: CH^S (methyl mercaptan). STRUCTURE:
A colorless gas; odor of rotten cabbage. 13A020
H
H-C-SH
PROPERTIES: ^
Molecular wt: 48.1; mp: -123.1; bp: 7.6; d: 0.868; vap. d: 1.66; vap. press.: 2 atmos at 26.1°;
slightly soluble in hot water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Methanethlol is found in coal tar. It is also formed catalytically from methanol and
hydrogen sulfide.
The odor of methanethiol is stronger and more unpleasant than that of hydrogen sulfide
(ref. 1). The odor threshold level is reported as 0.0021 ppm (ref. 2 ). Methanethiol is
flammable and emits S02 on burning. It will also react with hot water or steam (ref. 3),
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
There is a close toxicologic similarity between methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide. Acute
toxicity is characterized by respiratory effects, including respiratory paralysis and edema (ref. 1).
LDgg (subcutaneous, mouse): 2.4 mg/kg.
LCLo (Inhalation, rat): 10,000 ppm.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV • 1 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 1.0 x 10 ug/nr (0.5 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.0 x 103 « 1.5 x 104 vg/t Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 ' 103 x 1/420 » 2.4 yg/m3
EPCAHla = 0.5/420 « 0.001 ppm
EPCWH1 - 15 x 2.4 = 36 vg/l
tPCWH2 = 13.8 x 1 * 13.8 ug/z.
A-484
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
13A020
METHANETHIOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppmWt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineenng Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxiciry Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.0E3
(0.5)
1.5E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Biised on
Health Effects
2.4
(0.001
13.8
Based on
Ecological
Effects
)
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, Mg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
2.4
(0.001)
14
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-485
-------
CATEGORY: 13A
ETHANETHIOL: C2H6S (ethyl mercaptan, ethyl thioalcohol).
A colorless liquid; penetrating, garlic odor. 13A040
PROPERTIES:
WLIM: SH2
STRUCTURE:
H H
H-C-C-SH
H H
Molecular wt: 62.13; mp: -1*7; bp: 36.2; d: 0.83907;
vap. d: 2.14; vap. press.: 400 mm at 17.7°; slightly soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
The most significant characteristic of ethanethiol is the intense odor. The odor
threshold is also reported as 1 ppb (ref. 2 ).
Rural background concentration is reported as 1 ppb (ref. 4). This is equivalent
to 2.5 Mg/m .
Ethanethiol reacts with water, steam, acid, or heat to produce toxic and flammable
vapors, such as SO (ref. 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
The lowest concentration of ethanethiol resulting in a toxic response in a human is reported
as 4 ppro. This concentration resulted in effects to the central nervous system (ref. 5). Hydrogen
sulfide is considered to be 10 times more toxic than ethanethiol (ref. 1).
Only slight acute toxicity for ethanethiol is indicated by animal responses.
• LC50 (inhalation, rat): 4,420 ppm (ref. i).
LD50 (oral, rat): 682 mg/kg.
Aquatic toxicity: 0.24 mg/£ is reported to cause tainting in fish (ref. 10).
REGULATORY ACTIONS, STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 1 mg/m (0.5 ppm) (based on intense odor).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 1.0 x 103 Mg/m3 (0.5 ppm)
Water, Health: 15 x 1.0 x 103 = 1.5 x 104 vg/l
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.5 x 104 = 3.0 x 103 vg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 10° x 1/420
EPCAma = 0.5/420
EPC
EPC,
'WH1
'WH2
2.4 ug/
0.001 ppm
= 15 x 2.4 = 36 vg/l
= 13.8 x 1 = 13.8 ug/i
EPCIU = 0.2 x 13.
Lfl
EPCWE2 = ^40 w9/'i ^
EPCLE = 0.2 x 240
o Prevent tainting)
48 ug/g
A-486
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
13A040
ETHAN ETHIOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.0E3
(0.5)
1.5E4
3.0E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
2.4
(0.001
13.8
3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
)
240
48
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
2.5
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
2.4
(0.001)
14
3
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
240
48
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-487
-------
CATEGORY: 13A
C3HSS
13A060
PROPANE-1-THIOL: (1-mercaptopropanol . oropylmercaptan,
1 -propanethlol ). A liquid with an offensive odor. 13A061
PROPANE-2-THIOL: (2-propanethiol, isopropylmercaptan).
A liquid. 13A062
WIN:
STRUCTURE:
SH3/
PROPERTIES:
propjneTL-thiol: mol. wt: 76.17; mp: -113.3; bp: 67-8760-
d: 0.8411*"; yap. press: TOO mm at 15.3'C; slightly soluble 1n water!
propane-2-thiol: mol. wt: 76.17; mp: -130.54; bp: 52.56;
d: 0.8143; sligfitly soluble 1n water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Odor 1s probably the most significant quality of the propanethlols.
Odor threshold 1n air 1s reported to be 0.075 to 0.75 ppb or 0.23 to
2.3 yg/m (ref. 11). A faint odor Is detectable 1n water at a concen-
tration of 0.075 vg/l (ref. 11). Background level 1s expected to be
below the odor threshold of 0.23
H H H
H—C—C—C—SH
I I I
H H H
(propane-l-th1ol)
H H H
I I I
H—C—C—C—H
I I I
H SH H
(propane-2-th1ol)
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxic properties are probably similar to the properties of the other low molecular weight thiols. Most
thiols are not highly toxic. Animal studies indicate the propanethiols are less toxic than ethanethiol.
LD5Q (oral, rat): 1,790 ng/kg for propane-1-thiol (ref. 5).
LC50 (Inhalation, rat): 7,300 ppm/4 hr, (mouse): 4010 ppm/4 hr (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 1,790 = 8.06 x 104 Mg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 8.06 x 104 = 1.21 x 106 Mg/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.21 x 106 = 2.4 x 105 |jg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 1,790 = 191.5
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 1,790 = 145 yg
EPCWH1 * 15 x I45 " 2'175 "^
EPCWH2 =• 0.4 x 1,790 = 716 yg/1
EPC
LH
0.2 x 716 = 143 wg/g
A-488
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
13A060
PROPANETHIOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jug/g
(ppmWt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimate!
(R&DGoals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
8.06E4
1.21E6
2.42E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
145
716
143
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
<0.23
0.075
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
o
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
145
716
143
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-489
-------
CATEGORY: 13A WIN: SH4
STRUCTURE:
n-BUTANETHIOL: C^QS (n-butyl mercaptan, 1-butanethlol,
n-butyl-th1oalcoho1). 13A080 H H H'H
A colorless, mobile liquid; heavy skunk-like odor. | ] | ]
n-L-C-C-C-SH
PROPERTIES: HHHH
Molecular wt: 90.18; mp: -116; bp: 98; d: 0.8365;
vap. d: 3.1; slightly soluble In water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
The odor threshold for butanethlol 1s reported ranging from 0.001 to 0.0001 ppm;
the odor 1s readily noticeable at 0.1 to 1 ppm (ref. 1). This compound occurs
infamously in skunk oil (ref. 6 ).
Natural background concentration in air is expected to be below the odor threshold level
of 1 ppb or 3.6 ug/m .
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Odor is the most significant characteristic of n-butanethiol.
Toxicity is believed to be slight and similar to the toxicity of the other thiols. The
lowest concentration to have a toxic effect on a human is 10 mg/m for 3 hours (ref. 5).
LCjQ (Inhalation, rat): 4,020 ppm for 4 hrs.
LD (oral, rat): 1,500 mg/kg.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV • 1.5 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 1.5 x 103 ug/m3 (0.5 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.5 x 103 = 2.25 x 104 ugA Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.25 x 104 = 4.5 x 103 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPCAH1 • 103 x 1.5/420 -3.6 ug/m3
EPCAHla " 0.5/420 « 0.001 ppn
EPCWH1 • 15 x 3.6 • 54 ug/i
EPCWR2 • 13.8 x 1.5 • 21 ug/i
» 0.2 x 21 • 4 wg/g
A-490
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
13A080
n-BUTANETHIOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, H9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Bast Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effect!
1.5E3
(0.5)
2.25E4
4.5E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
3.6
(0.001)
21
4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
<3.6
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m^
(ppm Vol)
Water, jig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effect!
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
3.6
(0.001)
21
4
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-491
-------
CATEGORY: 13A WLN: SHR
BENZENETHIOL: C6H5SH (thiophenol, phenyl mercaptan,
mercaptobenzene). 13A100 STRUCTURE:
A colorless liquid with a repulsive odor.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 110.18; mp: -14.8; bp: 168.7760; d: 1.0766|°;
vap. press: 10 mm at 56°C; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Benzenethiol is used in mosquito larvacide (ref. 3).
Odor threshold is reported as low as 0.0002 ppm or 0.9 pg/m (ref. 11). Odor is detectable in water as
level! °'°00062 mg/i (ref" 11)- Natura1 back9round concentrations may be expected to be below odor threshold
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benzenethiol is reported to cause severe dermatitis, headache, and dizziness
(ref. 3). Toxicity appears to be greater than the -low molecular weight aliphatic thiols
LD50 (oral, rat): 46 nig/kg (ref. 5). K
LCSO (inhalation, rat): 33 ppm/4 hr (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Benzenethiol is the SL
exposure to benzenethiol
Benzenethiol is the subject of a NIOSH Criteria Document.The NIOSH recommendation for occupational
is a ceiling of 0.5 mg/mj (0.1 ppm)(ref. 12).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
n -J
Air, Health: 5 x 10 ug/m (0.1 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 5 x 10 = 7.5 x 103 ug/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 7.3 x 10 * 1.5 x 10 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPCAH1 = 10J x 0.5/420 -1.19 ug/mj
EPCAHla " °-1/420 ' 0-0002 ppm
EPCUH1 = 15 x 1-19 " 17.9 ug/1
EPCWH2 =• 13.8 x 0.5 « 7 ug/t
EPC.u = 0.2 x 7 « 1.4 ug/g
Ln
A-492
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
13A100
BENZENETHIOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppmWt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
5.0E2
(0.1)
7.5E3
1.5E3
Baud on
Ecological
Effects
6. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
1.2
;o.ooo2)
7
1.4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.9
0.062
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
1.2
(0.0002)
7
1-.4
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-493
-------
CATEGORY! 13A
ANTHRACENgTHIOLS: C
2-/>NTHRACENETHtOL:
9-ANTHRACENETHIOL:
PROPERTIES:
2-anthracenethiol
9-anthracenethiol
14H10S 13A120
pale yellow crystals. 13A121
pale yellow crystals. 13A122
mol.wt.
mp. solubility in water
210.29
210.29
220
90-91
slight
slight
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Anthracenthiols are used in the manufacturing of dyes and the
vulcanization of rubber (ref. 9 ).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for anthracenethiols are not available at this time.
There is no evidence to indicate that this compound 1s carcinogenic, although the parent structure,
anthracene, has produced tumors in animals when administered in very high dosages.
Analogy with naphthalene would Indicate toxlcity is not Increased by the thlol function. Thlols may
also be compared with alcohols. Data for naphthalene compounds are given below:
Compound (ref. 5)
Naphthalene
LD-
1-Naphthol
2-Naphthol
2-Naphthalenethiol
(oral, rat) mg/kg
rTTSo
(mouse) mg/kg
2,590
2,420
150 dntraperitoneal)
100 (subcutaneous)
200 (intrapeHtoneal)
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
MINIMUM ACUTE TOX1CITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-494
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
13A120
ANTHRACENETHIOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, (jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
8. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-495
-------
CATEGORY: 13A WIN: SHXGGG
HfcKCHLMUHbTHANETHIOL: CHC13S (trichloromethanethiol,
perch!oromethyl mercaptan). A gas. 13A140 STRUCTURE:
Cl
PROPERTIES: Cl—O—SH
Molecular wt: 151.43 Cl
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Perchloromethanethlol Is considered a highly toxic and irritating gas (ref. 1).
Human death has resulted from exposure to 483 ppm of perchloromethanethiol for 10 minutes (ref. 5). Eye
effects were experienced at levels of 45 ppm (ref. 5).
LDjg (oral, rat): 83 mg/kg
LDLo (inhalation, mouse): 58 ppm for 10 minutes; (cat): 58 ppm for 15 minutes (58 ppm * 357 mg/m3).
Evidence of carcinogenidty: Perchloromethanethlol has produced cancer in rats when administered by
inhalation intermittently at 15 mg/m over 68 weeks. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number for the compound is
4121. However, since a dosage cannot be determined for the data given, an adjusted ordering number cannot
be calculated.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =0.8 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS!
Air, Health: 103 x 0.8 = 800 ug/m3 (0.1 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 800 = 1.2 x 104 ug/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 103 x 0.8/420 =1.90 yg/m3
EPCAHU = 0.1/420 * 2.38 x 10"4 ppm
EPCyH1 • 15 x 1.90 ' 28.5 ug/1
EPCMH2 - 13.8 x 0.8 " 11.04 ug/1
A-496
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
xx
13A140
PERCHLOROMETHANETHIOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, Mg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppmWt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
8.0E2
(0.1)
1.2E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
1.90
(0.0002]
11.04
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
•3
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, (ig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
1.90
(0.0002)
11
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects-]-
•"Compound has caused cancer in rats via inhalation.
A-497
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY ISA
Thlols, Sulfides, and Disulfides - Thiols
1. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
2. Billings, C. E., Technological Sources of Air Pollution. Industrial Pol-
lution. N. I. Sax, Ed., Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., New York, NY (1974).
3. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
4. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Offi-
cer, IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
5. Christensen, H. E., and E. 0. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
6. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
7. Jacobson, J. S., and A. C. Hill, Eds. Recognition of Air Pollution Injury to
Vegetation: A Pictorial Atlas. Informative Report No. 1. TR-70 Agricultural
Committee-Air Pollution Control Administration. Herbich and Held Printing
Co., Pittsburgh, PA (1970).
8. Bond, R. G., C. P. Straub, and R. Prober, Eds. Handbook of Environmental
Control. Vol. 1: Air Pollution. The Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, OH
(1972).
9. Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 54, p. 6176i, 1960.
10. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-R3-73-033
(1973).
11. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
12. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Criteria for a Recom-
mended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Benzenethiol. National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health. U.S. Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare (1978).
A-498
-------
CATEGORY 13
THIOLS, SULFIDES, AND DISULFIDES
SUBCATEGORY: 13B - Sulfides, Disulfides
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 4
number of parent compounds with subspecies 0
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: None
A-499
-------
CATEGORY: 13B
OIHETHYL 5ULFIOE: C2H6S
thiobismethanej.
A colorless liquid with a disagreeable odor. 13B020
(methyl sulfide, methylthiomethane,
WLN; 1S1
STRUCTURE:
Hj C—S—CH3
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 62:13; mp: -98.27; 37.3760; d:0.8483;
vap. d: 2.14; vap. press: 420 mm at 20°C; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Dimethyl sulfide is used as a solvent for anhydrous mineral salts (ref. 1).
It is formed by the distillation of potassium methyl sulfate (ref. 1).
The odor threshold for dimethyl sulfide is 0.001 ppm or 2.5 pg/m (ref 2)
In water, dimethyl sulfide at 0.0011 mg/2. has a faint odor (ref. 7).
Natural background levels may be expected to be lower than odor thresholds
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LD50 (oral, rat): 535 mg/kg (ref. 3).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 535 = 2.41 x 10 \ig/m Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 2.41 x 104 = 3.6 x 105 ug/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.6 x 105 = 7.2 x 104 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 535 = 57 pg/mj
EPCftH3 = 0.081 x 535 = 43 ug/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 43 = 645 ug/1
EPC,
EPC
'WH2
LH
0.4 x 535 = 214 ug/1
0.2 x 214 = 43 ug/g
A-500
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
13B020
DIMETHYL SULFIDE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on FJest Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicitv Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.41E4
3.6E5
7.2E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
43
214
43
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
<2.5
<1.1
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ;ug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, f/g/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
'Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effect!
43
214
43
8 Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-501
-------
CATEGORY: 13B WLN:
DIETHYL SULFIDE: C,,H10S (ethylsulfide,
1,1'-thio{bis)ethane, thioethylether). STRUCTURE;
A colorless liquid with a garlic-like odor. 13B040
CH3CH2—5—CH2CH3
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 90.19; mp: -103.19; bp: 92.I760; d: 0.83623°;
vap.d: 3.11; vap. press: 100 urn at 35°C; solubility in water: 3,130 mg/Jl at 20°C.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Oiethylsulfide is used as a solvent for anhydrous mineral salts; in plating baths for1 coating metals
with gold or silver. It is formed by distillation of sodium ethyl sulfate (ref. 1).
When heated to decomposition, or on contact with acid or acid fumes, diethylsulfide emits fumes
of sulfur oxides (ref. 4)
Odor threshold in air is reported at 0.59 ppb or 2.2 pg/m (ref. 7).
Water containing 0.25 pg/a. exhibits a faint odor (ref. 7).
Natural background levels may be expected to be lower than odor thresholds.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for diethyl sulfide are not available at this time. Its properties are likely
to be similar to those of diethyl disulfide, LDso (oral, rat) reported as 2,030 mg/kg. (ref. Cl).
There is no evidence to Indicate that the compound is highly toxic.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 200 = 9x 104 pg/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 9 x 104 = 1.35 x 106 pg/i Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.35 x 106 » 2.7 x 105 pg/g Land, Ecology:
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 2000 = 214 ug/m3
EPCAH3 = °-081 x 200° = 162 wS/™3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 162 = 2,430 ug/i
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 2000 = 800 ug/z
EPCLH = 0.2 x 800 = 160 ug/g
*Based on estimated LD5Q by analogy with diethyldisulfide.
A-502
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
13B040
DIETHYLSULFIDE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, (ig/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineer ing Estimates
(R& D Goals)
II.
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on-j-
Heilth Effects
9.0E4
1.35E6
2.7E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
Based on Ambient Factors
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on 4-
Health Effects
162
800
160
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
<2.2
<0.25
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Bated on A.
Health Effects
162
800
It 50
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
fBased on estimated LD™ by analogy with diethyldisulfide.
A-503
-------
CATEGORY: 13B
OIPHENYL SULFIDE: (C6H5)2S (phenyl sulfide,
l.l'-thiobis [benzene], diphenyl thioether,
phenylthiobenzene). A colorless liquid. 13B060
WLN; RSR
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 186.28; mp: -25.9; bp: 296; d: 1.11261°; vap. press,: 1
insoluble in water.
at 96.1°C;
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUND?;:
The odor threshold for diphenyl sulfide is 4.7 ppb (ref. 2} to 2.1 ppb or 16 pg/ra3 (ref. 7).
Water containing 0.048 wg/fc exhibits a faint odor (ref. 7).
Natural background levels may be expected to be lower than odor thresholds.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LDSO (oral, rat): 2,140 mg/kg (ref. 3).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNIT ION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 2,140 = 9.63 x 104 pg/ra3
Water, Health: 15 x 9.63 x 104 = 1.44 x 106 p,q/l
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.44 x 106 = 2.9 x 105 |jg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
_3
EPC
'AH2
0.107 x 2,140 = 229 pg/mj
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 2,140 « 173.3 ug/nj
EPCWH1 * 15 x 173>3 = 2'600 W/l
EPCWH2 = 0<4 x 2>14(? = 856
EPC
1H
0.2 x 856 = 170 ug/g
A-504
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
13B060
DIPHENYLSULFIDE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppmWt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B . Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
9.63E4
1.44E6
2.9E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
173.3
856
170
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
<16
<0.048
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ngl\
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
173.3
856
170
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-505
-------
CATEGORY: 13B WLN:
HETHYLDISULFIDE: C2H6S2 (dimethyl disulfide, methyl
dlthiomethane). STRUCTURE:
A liquid. 13B080
CH3—S—S—CH3
PROPERTIES:
Molecular vrt: 94.2; mp: -84.72; bp: 109.7760; d: 1.0625|°
insoluble 1n water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Methyldlsulflde has been reported In samples taken from finished drinking waters (ref. 5).
It occurs in coal gas (ref. 6). The compound emits sulfur oxide fumes when heated
to decomposition. -,
Odor threshold 1n air 1s reported as 1 ppb or 5 ug/m , 5 pg/fc 1n water (ref, 7).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for methyldisulflde are not available at this time. Its properties are likely
to be similar to those of d1ethyld1sulf1de, LD50 (oral, rat) reported as 2,030 mg/kg (ref. 3). There
is no evidence to indicate that the compound is highly toxic. The no.effect level 1n rats is reported
as 100 ppm, 20 x 6 hours (ref. 7). 100 ppm is equivalent to 383 mg/m .
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
*MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:45 x 2000 > 9 x 10* vg/m*Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 9 x 104 * 1.35 x 106 pg/t Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.35 x 106 = 2.7 x 105 u9/9 Land, Ecology:
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 2000 =214 ug/m3
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 2000 = 162 yg/m3
EPCyH1 = 15 x 162 = 2,430 yg/jt
EPC,,,,, = 0.4 x 2000 » 800 pg/z
EPCLH = 0.2 x 800 = 160 yg/g
*Based on estimated LD,-n by analogy with diethyldisulfide.
50 A-506
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
13B080
METHYL DISULFIDE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Exuttng Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on t
Health Effects
9.0E4
1.35E6
2.7E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on "f
Health Effects
162
800
160
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
< 5
< 5
*To be multiplied fay dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, Mg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, (ig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effectit
162
800
160
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tBased on estimated L.DBO by analogy with diethyldisulfide.
A-507
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 13B
Thiols, Sulfides, and Pisulfides - Sulfides. Pisulfides
1. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and
Drugs, Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (197&).
2. Billings, C. E., Technological Sources of Air Pollution. Industrial
Pollution, N. I. Sax, Ed., Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., New York, NY
(1974).
3. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc.,
Rockville, MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
HEW Publication No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
4. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth
Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
5. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4,-76-062, December 1976.
6. Mezey, E. J., S. Singh, and D. W. Hissong. Fuel Contaminants Vol. I
Chemistry. EPA Publication No. EPA 600/2-76-177a. 1976.
7. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
A-508
-------
CATEGORY 14
SULFONIC ACIDS, SULFOXIDES
SUBCATEGORY: 14A - Sulfonic Acids
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 5
number of parent compounds with subspecies ]
number of subspecies 4
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: None
A-509
-------
CATEGORY: HA WIN: WSQR
STRUCTURE;
BENZENESULFONIC ACID: CgHgSOj (phenylsulfonic acid).
Benzenesulfonic acid crystallizes as colorless plates
from water. 14A020
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 158.18; mp: 43-44, 65-66 {anhydrous);
very soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Sulfonic acids are highly polar compounds. They are strong acids, being completely ionized in
aqueous solutions. They may be fused with alkali to sulfonates which are hydrolyzed in acid to phenols.
Benzenesulfonic acid is decomposed by heat (100-175° C) to benzene and sulfuric acid.
The compound is decomposed by soil microflora in 16 days (ref. 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benzenesulfonic acid is a strong acid. Contact of benzenesulfonic acid with the skin may result
in irritation or burns. It is very irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (ref. 1).
LD50 (oral, rat): 890 mg/kg.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 890 » 4.0 x 104 yg/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 4.0 x 104 * 6.0 x 10 ug/i Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 6.0 x 105 = 1.2 x 105 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 890 = 95 ug/m3
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 890 = 72 wg/m3
EPCwm = 15 x 72 = 1,080 ug/H
EPCUH2 = 0.4 x 890 = 356 ug/z
EPCLH = 0.2 x 356 = 71 ug/g
A-510
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
14A020
BENZENESULFOIMIC ACID
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, vg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicitv Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.0E4
6.0E5
1.2E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
72
356
70
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
72
356
70
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-511
-------
!Y: 14A
'HRAQUINONE-DISULFONIC ACIDS: 14A040
C14H602 (S03H)Z- A yellow crystalline solid.
9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE-1,5-DISULFONIC ACID. 14A041
9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE-1,6-DISULFONIC ACID. 14A042
9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE-1,7-DISULFONIC ACID. 14A043
9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE-1,8-DISULFONIC ACID. 14A044
PROPERTIES:
9,lO-anthraqu1none-l,5-d1su1fon1c acid:
9,lO-anthraqti1none-l,6-d1sulfon1c add:
9,10-anthraquinone-1,7-disulfonic ac1d:
9,10-anthraquinone-1,8-d1sulfonic ac1d:
All are soluble In water.
wt.
WLN:
STRUCTURE;
310-1
(decomposes)
215-7 (decomposes)
120 (decomposes)
293-4 (decomposes)
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Sulfonlc acids are used 1n the synthesis of dyes, elastomers, medicinals, pesticides, and plastics
(ref. 2).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
In general, sulfonic acids have not proved to be very hazardous. As a group, they are almost entirely
free from serious systemic or cumulative effects. Even rings with amino or nitro groups are often relatively
inert. The explanation probably derives from the rapid excretion in the urine, either unchanged or conjugated
with glycine or glucuronic acid, and from a change in activity of functional groups. The presence of the
acid in many cases seems to reduce or abolish the ability of the substance to penetrate through the skin, or
cause the development of skin sensitivity (ref. 2).
LDSO (oral, rat): > 3,200 mg/kg for 1,8-anthraquinone disulfonic dipotassium salt,(ref. 2).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 3,200 = 1.44 x 105 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.44 x 105 = 2.16 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.16 x 106 = 4.3 x 105 ug/9
Air, Ecology:
.Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 <= 0.107 x 3,200 = 342.4 pg/mj
EPCAC3 = 0.081 x 3,200 = 260 ug/m3
EPCWH1 - 15 x 260 = 3,900 yg/1
EPCWH2 <= 0.4 x 3,200 = 1,280 ug/1
EPC,
LH
= 0.2 x 1,280 = 256 ug/g
* Based on LD,-n for 1,8-Anthraquinone disulfonic dipotassium salt.
A-512
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
14A040
ANTHRAQUINONE-DISULFONIC ACIDS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Exiiting Standard!
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.44E5
2.16E6
4.32E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Bued on
Health Effects
260
1,280
256
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, (ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
260
1,280
256
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
Ml. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-513
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 14A
Sulfonic Acids, Sulfoxides - Sulfonic Adds
1. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals
and Drugs, Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
2. Fassett, D. W. Organic Acids, Anhydrides, Lactones, Acid Hal ides and
Amides, Thioacids. Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Second Edition,
Vol. 2. F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers, New York, p. 1771-
T837,~T962.
3. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
A-514
-------
CATEGORY 14
SULFONIC ACIDS, SULFOXIDES
SUBCATEGORY: 14B - Sulfoxides
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 1
number of parent compounds with subspecies 0
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 1
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 0
A-515
-------
CATEGORY: 148 WLN: OS1 & 1
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE: (CH3)2SO
(DMSO, methyl sulfoxide, sulfinylbis [methane]). 14B020 STRUCTURE:
A colorless, odorless liquid with a slightly bitter taste
and sweet aftertaste; very hygroscopic.
CH,—s—CH;
PROPERTIES: 3 3
Molecular wt: 78.13; mp: 18.45; bp: 189760; d: 1.10142°;
vap. d:: 2.71; vap. press: 0.42 urn at 20°C; soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Dimethyl sulfoxide is used as a solvent for gases, as antifreeze or hydraulic fluid when mixed with
water, and as a paint and varnish remover (ref. 1). It can be formed by air-oxidation of dimethyl sulfide
in the presence of nitrogen oxides (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Skin contact with dimethyl sulfoxide results in primary irritation (ref. 1).
LD50 (intravenous, rat): 5,360 mg/kg (ref. 2).
Dimethyl sulfoxide has been reported to cause teratogenic effects in experimental animals (refs. 2,3).
The EPA/NIOSH ordering number based on teratogenicity is 4,314. The lowest dosage producing a teratogenic
response is 50 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering number is 86.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/86 = 814.0 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 814.0 = 1.22 x 104 ug/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.22 x 104 = 2.4 x 103 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 5,360 = 573.5
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 5,360 = 434.2 ug/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 434.2 = 6,513 ug/1
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 5,360 = 2,144 ug/1
EPC. „ = 0.2 x 2,144 = 429 pg/g
EPCAT = 103/(6 x 86) = 1.94 ug/m3
A-516 EPCWT = 15 x 1.94 = 29.1 ug/1
EPCLJ = 0.2 x 29.1
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
14B020
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Gods)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
ToKicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
8.14E2
1.22E4
2.4E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goaf*
Based on
Health Effects
1.94
29.1
6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ^g/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
434.2
2,144
429
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
Ml. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
1.94
29.1
6
A-517
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 14B
Sulfonic Acids, Sulfoxides - Sulfoxides
1. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and
Drugs, Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NO (1976).
2. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc.,
Rockville, MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
HEW Publication No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
3. Shepard, T. H. Catalog of Teratogenic Agents. Johns Hopkins University
Press, Baltimore, MD (1973).
A-518
-------
CATEGORY 15
BENZENE, SUBSTITUTED BENZENE HYDROCARBONS
SUBCATEGORY: 15A - Benzene and Monosubstituted Benzene Hydrocarbons
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 1 Q
number of parent compounds with subspecies ]
number of subspecies 3
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 3
15A020 Benzene
15A040 Toluene
15A060 Ethyl benzene
A-519
-------
CATEGORY; 15A
BENZENE: CgH6 (benzol, phenylhydride, phene).
A clear, colorless liquid. 15A020
WIN! R
STRUCTURE!
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 78.11; mp: 5.5; bp: 30.1;
d: 0.87865?°-, vap. press: 100 m at 26.1° C; vap. d:
2.77;
solubility In water: 1,780 mg/t at 25° (ref. 1); soluble 1n tissue llpids.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
for benzene Is reported as 0.1 ppbc (ref. ?).
odor recognition level is 10.5 to 210 mg/rn (ref. 3).
Benzene occurs In straight-run petroleum distillates and 1n coal-tar distillates. Rural background
This 1s equivalent to 0.017 ppb or 0.054 ug/m3. The
Benzene participates to a very limited
degree 1n photooxldatlon reactions (ref. 3)- Benzene has been Identified 1n at least one drinking
water supply 1n the United States 1n concentrations as high as 10 ug/l (ref. 4). There 1s a
strong Indication that plants may perform a major role In the degradation and synthesis of benzene
In the environment (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benzene 1s an acute and chronic poison. It 1s absorbed through the skin, but most often poisoning occurs
through Inhalation. The rate of absorption of benzene through the skin has been reported to be 0.4 mg/cm/hr
(ref. 5). It 1s estimated that 50 percent to 70 percent of benzene Inhaled may be absorbed through the lungs
(ref. 5). In acute poisoning cases, benzene acts as a narcotic. Chronic poisoning 1s characterized by damage
to the blood-forming tissues and changes 1n body organs, including the lymph nodes (ref. 6). Inhalation of 210
ppm has resulted in blood disorders for exposed workers (ref. 7,8,9). Benzene can induce chromosomal aberrations
in humans (ref. 6).
Benzene is indicated to be a carcinogen. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 7222. Inhalation of 2,100 mg/m3 for
4 years has resulted In cancer 1n an exposed worker, and large doses of benzene painted repeatedly on the skin of
mice have resulted in some Incidence of skin carcinomas. Dosages associated with these tests are extremely high
and are probably not indicative of the true carcinogenic potential of benzene. An epidemiological study conducted
by NIOSH indicates that the incidence of leukemia 1n workers exposed to benzene is at least five times the expected
incidence (ref. 6).
Benzene is toxic to aquatic life: 96 hour - TLm: 10-100 ppm (ref. 8).
Phytotoxiclty: exposure for 35 minutes to 10 ppm of ozonated benzene produced red bordered spots on pinto beans
10 Ppm S e('u1va1ent to 30 mg/m .
f
24 hour exposure corrected concentration is 30,000 x 35/1440
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV: 30 mg/mj (10 ppm). ACGIH classified benzene as an Occupational Substance Suspected of Oncogenic Potential
for workers. (Evidence linking benzene to leukemia was limited at the time the TLV was established.) Benzene
appears on EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1. Benzene was the subject of a 1974 NIOSH
Criteria Document. The recommended 1974 standard was for 10 ppm as a time-weighted average with a ceiling of
25 ppm (Ref. 10). In February 1978, the Labor Department issued, to become effective in March, standards limiting
worker exposure to benzene to 1 ppm as an 8-hour time-weighted average concentration, with e celling level of
5 ppm for any 15-minute period during the 8-hour day (ref. 6.) The standard also prohibits repeated or prolonged
skin exposure to liquid benzene. The standard was based OB conclusive evidence that exposure to benzene presents
a leukemia hazard (ref. 6J. 1 ppm is equivalent to 3 mg/m . The standard still has not been enacted due to cost.
yUNIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
A'ir, Health: 3.0 x 10J ug/m
Water, Health: 15 x 3.0 x TO3 = 4.5 x 104 ug/£
Land, Health: 0.2 x 4.5 x 10*
9.0 x 10J ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
729 ug/m3 (0.2 ppm)
100 x 10 " 1.0 x 103 ug/£
0.2 x 1.0 x 103 = 200 pg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCnul • 103 x 30/420 - 71.4 ug/m3
10/420 = 0.024 ppm
EPC
'AH1
AHla
EPC,
LC
1,071 ugA€
414 vg/t
83 ug/g
• 103 x 3/420 > 7.1 ug/mj
15 x 7.1 = 107 ug/£
0.2 x 107 = 21 ug/g
EPCWH1 = 15 x 71.4
EPCWH5! - 13'8 x 30
EPCLH = 0.2 x 414
EPCAC1
EPCWC '
EPCA£ = 0.1 x 729 = 72.9 yg/mj (0.02 ppm)
EPCWE1 * 50 x 10 ' 500 ug/£
EPCU - 0.2 x 500 = 100
A-520
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
15A020
BENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt|
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS. BPT. BAT
»
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.0E3
4.5E4
9.0E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
7.29E2
(0.2)
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
7.1
107
21
Based on
Ecological
Effects
73
(0.02)
500
100
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.054
lOt
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, f/g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Baled on
Health Effects
B. Baud on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
71.4
(0.024)
414
83
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
73
(0.02)
500
100
Ml. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
7.1
107
21
Maximum level reported in public drinking water supplies.
A-521
-------
CATEGORY:
ISA
TOLUENE: C?Hg (methylbenzene, toluol, phenylmethane).
A clear, colorless liquid; sweet, pungent, benzene-Hke
odor. 15A040
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 92.13; mp: -96; bp:
110.6, 14.5
14.5.
WIN: IR
STRUCTURE:
d: 0.8669
,20.
Insoluble 1n water; vap. press.: 36.7 mm at 30° C; vap. d: 3.14.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Toluene 1s a constituent of coal tar; It 1s generally associated with benzene and xylene. Rural concen-
tration 1n air 1s reported as 3.0 to 18.2 ppbc (0.4 to 2.6 ppb, or 1.5 to 9.8 ug/m3) (ref. 2).
Odor recognition level 1s reported as 1.03 to 140 ug/m3 (0.27 to 37 ppb) (ref. 3) and the odor threshold
level, 2.14ppm (8 mg/m ) (ref. 11). Toluene participates to a limited extent 1n photooxldatlon reactions (ref. 3).
Toluene has been found In samples of U.S. drinking water supplies In concentrations of 11 yg/« (ref. 4).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Acute poisoning may result from exposure to high concentrations of toluene; a narcotic effect 1s produced. Human
death has resulted from exposure to 10,000 ppm (ref. 7). Toluene 1s more acutely toxic than benzene; however, severe
blood disorders of the type associated with benzene are not reported. Inhalation of 100 ppm has resulted 1n
psychological effects and 200 ppm has affected the central nervous system In humans (ref. 8). Irritative effects
to eyes, mucous membranes, and the upper respiratory tract have resulted from exposure to 200 to 500 ppm (ref. 12).
Toluene may be absorbed through the skin as well as by inhalation (ref. 12), although the Inhalation route is far
more important. There is evidence to Indicate that at equilibrium, the average toluene concentration per liter of
blood 1s 2.4 mg for each 100 ppm toluene in the environmental air (ref. 13). The biological half-.1fe for toluene
Is reported to be 0.083 days (ref. 14).
LD50 (oral, rat): 5,000 mg/kg. LCLfl (Inhalation, rat): 4,000 ppm for 4 hours.
Aquatic toxiclty: TUt 96: 100-10 ppm (ref. 8). Concentrations of 0.25 ing/a can cause tainting of fish flesh
(ref. 15).
Phytotox1c1ty: exposure for 35 minutes to 50 ppm of ozonated toluene produced a bronze color on,pinto beans
(ref. 21).- 50 ppm 1s equivalent to 188 mg/m . 24 hr. exposure corrected concentration 1s 188 x 10 x ,35/1440 *
4,570 yg/nT (1.2 ppm).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV - 375 mg/m3 (100 ppm). Toluene 1s on EPA's Consent Decree Priority III List.
Toluene 1s the subject of a NIOSH Criteria Document. The NIOSH recommendation for occupational exposure
to toluene 1s 100 ppm as an 8-hour per work day time-weighted average. A celling value of 200 ppm 1s
recommended (ref. 12).
Toluene 1s on the First Priority Chemicals List of Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 3.75 x 105 ug/m3 (100 ppm)
Water, Health:
15 x 3.75 x 10' " 5.6 x 10° ug/n
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5.6 x 106 = 1.1 x 106 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
4.57 x 103 ug/m3 (1.2 ppm)
100 x 10
0.2 x 1 x 10
1 x 10
3
wg/i
200
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC
'AH1
'AHla
'WH1 =
10J x 375/420 =• 893 ug/mj
* 100/420 * 0.24ppm
15 x 893 = 13,400
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 375 = 5,175
EPC,
LH
O.Z x 5,175 = 1 ,035 ug/g
EPCAE = 0.1 x 4,570 = 457 ug/m3 (0.12 ppm)
EPC
WEI
50 x 10 » 500 ug/i
EPCWE2 • 250 ugA (to prevent tainting)
EPCLE * 0.2 x 250 » 50 ug/g
A-522
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15A040
TOLUENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BIT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II, Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.75EE
(100)
5.6E6
1.1 E6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
4.57E3
(1.2)
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Heal* Effects
893
(0.24)
5,175
1,000
Based on
Ecological
Effects
457
(0.12)
250
50
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
1.5 to
9.8
lit
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, iig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
893
(0.24
5,175
1,000
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
457
(0.12)
250
50
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tDrinking water supplies.
A-523
-------
CATEGORY: ISA
ETHYL BENZENE: CgH10 (ethyl benzol, phenylethane).
A colorless liquid; aromatic odor. 15A060
WLN: 2R
STRUCTURE
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 106.16; fp: -94.9; bp: 136.2; d: 0.8669;?c
vap. press.: 10 mm at 25.9°; vap. d: 3.66; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Rural concentration in air is reported as 0.5 to 1.6 ppbc (ref. ?). This is equivalent to 0.06-0.20 ppb or
0.3-0.87 Mg/m . Urban concentrations as high as 111 ppbc (13.9 ppb, or 60 ug/m3) have been reported (ref. 2).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Ethyl benzene is an irritant to mucous membranes, skin, and eyes; and a narcotic in high concentrations. It
is the most severe skin irritant of the benzene series. A concentration of 200 ppm causes eye irritation and
gives warning of dangerous concentrations (refs. 7, 13). A concentration of 100 ppm for 8 hours caused irrita-
tive effects in a human (ref. 8). It is absorbed through the skin as well as through the lungs. No chronic
effects of exposure are reported.
LD50 (oral, rat): 3,500 mg/kg.
LCLo (inhalation, rat): 4,000 ppm for 4 hours.
Aquatic toxicity: TLm 96: 100-10 ppm (ref. 8).
Concentrations of: <0.25 mg/£ can cause tainting of fish flesh (ref. 15).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 435 mg/m3 (100 ppm).
On EPA's Consent Decree Priority III List.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
A1r, Health: 4.35 x 105 ug/m3 (100 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 4.35 x 105 = 6.5 x 106 pg/i Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 6.5 x 106 = 1.3 x 106 yg/g Land, Ecology:
100 x 10 = 1.0 x 103 ug/n
0.2 x 1.0 x 103 = 200 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
'AH1
10J x 435/420 = 1,040 ug/mj
EPCAH1a = 100/420 • 0.24 ppm
EPCWH1 = 15 x 1,040 = 15,600 ugA
6,000
EPC,'"
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 435
C1U - 0.2 x 6,000 = 1,200 ug/g
Lh
EPCWE1 = 50 x 10 = 500 ug/z
EPC,
EPC
'WE2
IE =
250 vg/i (to prevent tainting)
0.2 x 250 = 50 ug/g
A-524
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15A060
ETHYL BENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicitv Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.35E5
(100)
6.5E6
1.3E6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
1,040
(0.24)
6,000
1,200
Based on
Ecological
Effects
250
50
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.3 to 0.87
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, H9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
1,040
(0.24)
6,000
1,200
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
250
50
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-525
-------
CATEGORY: ISA WLN:
STYRENE: C8Hi2 (phenylethylene, ethenyl-
benezene, vinyl benzene, styrolene). 15A080 STRUCTURE:
A colorless, oily liquid with a penetrating aromatic odor.
H—c—c—H
PROPERTIES: j,[)l
Molecular wt: 104.16; mp: -30.63; bp: 145.2760;
d: 0.9060J0; vap. d: 3.6; sparing soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Styrene is formed from ethylbenzene by dehydrogenation (ref. 16). It is used industrially as a starting
material for the production of various polymers (ref. 17). It also occurs naturally in the sap of styraceous
trees (ref. 13).
Odor threshold in air for styrene i,s 0.1 ppm (inhibited) and 0.047 (uninhibited)(ref. 11). Urban atmosphere
concentration has been reported as 76 ppbc, or 40.4 ug/m (ref. 2). Styrene has also been reported in samples
taken from drinking water, with the highest reported concentration of <1.0 u9/1 (ref. 4).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Exposure to styrene may produce severe human eye irritation and injury (ref. 9). It may also produce
respiratory tract irritation, dermatitis, and anxiety (ref. 18). The vapor at concentrations of 200 to 400
ppm has a transient irritating effect on the eyes (ref. 13). Human death has resulted from exposure to
10,000 ppm for 30 minutes (ref. 8). Human exposure to 376 ppm has produced central nervous system effects
(ref. 8). No chronic toxicity has been reported associated with exposure to styrene (ref. 17).
Absorption of styrene is mainly through the respiratory tract. In both animals and man, styrene is metabolized
to benzole acid, conjugated with glycine, and excreted in the urine as hippuric acid. As long as styrene is
present in the circulating blood, some of it is excreted in the exhaled air (ref. 13).
LD5Q (oral, rat): 5,000 mg/kg (ref. 8).
Aquatic toxicity: TLm 96: 100-10 ppm (ref. 8).
A concentration of 0.25 mg/1 in water is reported to cause the tainting of fish flesh (ref. 15).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 420 mg/m3 (100 ppm).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 103 x 420 = 4.2 x 105 (jg/m3 (100 ppm) Air Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 4.2 x 105 = 6.3 x 106 pg/1 Water, Ecology: 100 x 10 = 1,000 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 6.3 x 106 = 1.26 x 106 pg/g Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1,000 = 200
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 103 x 420/420 = 1,000 ug/m3
EPCAHla = 100/420 = 0.24 ppm
EPCUH1 * 15 x 1,000 = 1.5 x 104 yg/1 EPCWE1 = 50 * 10 = 50° U9/1
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 420 = 5,800 v9/l £PCWE2 = 25° v
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15A080
STYRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT. BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.2E5
(100)
6.3E6
1.26E6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
1,000
(0.24)
5,800
1,160
Based on
Ecological
Effects
250
50
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
40. 4t
<1.Q$
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
1,000
(0.24)
5,800
1,:160
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
250
50
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tUrban atmosphere.
•Maximum level reported in public drinking water supplies,
A-527
-------
CATEGORY; 15A
PROPYL BENZENE: C9H,2 (1-phenyl propane).
A clear liquid. 15A100
WLN; 3R
STRUCTURE!
PROPERTIES!
Molecular wt: 120.20; mp: -99.5; b
vap. press: 10 mm at 43.4°; vap. cl-
ip: 15
4.14;
159.2760; d: 0.8620J0;
' insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Rural background-atmosphere concentration 1s reported as 0.1 to 1.1 ppbc (ref. 2). This 1s equivalent
to 0.05 to 0.6 yg/m . It has also been reported 1n public drinking water supplies, with the highest
reported concentration at <5.0 u9/l (ref. 4).
Propyl benzene 1s used 1n textile dyeing and printing, and as a solvent for cellulose acetate (ref. 16).
It occurs in petroleum distillates and 1n coal tar derivatives.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Acute toxlcity of propyl benzene is expected to be similar to that of ethylbenzene and isopropyl benzene.
LDLo (oral, rat): 4,830 mg/kg
LD5Q (oral, rat): 3,500 mg/kg for ethylbenzene, and 1,400 mg/kg for isopropyl benzene (ref. 8).
LD, (Inhalation, mouse): 4,100 ppm, 2,000 ppm for isopropyl benzene {ref. 8).
Aquatic toxicity: Likely to be similar to that of other alkyl benzene compounds.
TLm 96: 100-10 ppm for isopropyl benzene (ref. 8).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV for Isopropyl benzene is 250 mg/m (50 ppm).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:103 x 250 = 2.5 x 105 yg/m3 (50 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 2.5 x 105 = 3.75 x 10° ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.75 x 106 = 7.5 x 105 ug/
Water, Ecology: 100 x 10 = 1,000 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1,000 = 200 yg/g
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC,
EPC
'AH1
'AHla
'WH1
'WH2
1H
10J x 250/420 = 595 ug/mj
50/420 = 0.12 ppm
15 x 595 = 8,930 vg/1
13.8 x 250 = 3,450 ug/1
0.2 x 3,450 = 590
EPCWE1
EPC,
EPC,
'WE2
IE
50 x 10 = SCO yg/1
250 ug/1 (to prevent tainting)
0.2 x <250 = EO ug/g
*Based on data for isopropyl benzene.
A-528
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15A100
PROPYL BENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS f
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(RS.D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxtcity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
£.5E5
3.75E6-
7.5E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal"
Based on
Health Effects
595
(0.12;
3,450
690
Based on
Ecological
Effects
250
50
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.05 to 0.6
< 5. Or"
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALSf
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
595
(0.12)
3,450
690
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
250
50
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
"^Based on data for isopropyl benzene.
tPublic drinking water supplies.
A-529
-------
CATEGORY: 15A WLN:
ISOPROPYL BENZENE: C9H12 [(1-methyl ethyl)
benzene, isopropyl benzol, 2"phenylpropane, cumene]. STRUCTURE:
A colorless liquid with a sharp aromatic odor. 15A120
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 120.20; mp: -96; bp: 152.4760; d: 0.86182°;
vap. d: 4.1; vap. press: 10 mm at 38.3°; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Isopmpyl benzene has been reported in urban atmosphere in concentrations of 76 ppbc. This is equivalent to
41 ug/m (ref. 2). It has been reported in samples taken from well water, river water, and finished drinking
water (ref. 19). The highest concentration reported in drinking water is 0.01 ug/1 (ref. 4).
Isopropyl benzene is found in American petroleum (ref. 16). It is used for synthesis in the chemical
industry and as a thinner for paints and enamels (ref. 13).
Methods for determining vapor in air are similar to those used for xylene (ref. 13).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Isopropyl benzene may produce conjunctivitis, dermatitis, and irritation of the respiratory tract. It is
a central nervous system depressant and may also produce spleen and liver changes (ref. 13).
Small quantities of isopropyl benzene absorbed in the blood are exhaled unchanged, but the maior portion
is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine as conjugated alcohols or acids (ref. 7). There 1s no
evidence of damage to blood-forming tissues or other chronic effects from repeated exposure to isopropyl benzene
(ref. 13).
LD50 (oral, rat): 1,400 mg/kg (ref. 8)
LCcn (inhalation, rat): 8,000 ppm/4 hours, LC. (inhalation, mouse): 2,000 ppm (ref. 8).
AquStic toxicity: TLm 96: 100-10 ppm (ref. 8)LO
A concentration of isopropyl benzene of <0.25 mg/1 can cause tainting of the flesh of fish and other aquatic
organisms (ref. 15).
Phytotoxicity: exposure for 35 minutes to 10 ppm of ozgnated Isopropyl benzene produced unspecified effects
in pinto beans (ref. 21). 10 ppm is equivalent to 50 mg/m . 24-hour exposure corrected concentration is
50,000 x 35/1440 - 1,215 yg/m3 (0.25 ppm).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 250 mg/m3 (50 ppm).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 103 x 250 = 2.5 x 105 vg/m3 (50 ppm) Air, Ecology: 1,215 yg/m3 (0.25 ppm)
Water, Health: 15 x 2.5 x 105 = 3.75 x 105 ug/1 Water, Ecology: 100 x 10 = 1,000 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.75 x 106 = 7.5 x 105 jg/g Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1,000 = 200 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
'AMI
103 x 250/420 = 595 ug/m3
EPCAHU = 50/420 = 0.12 ppm
EPC,
EPC,
EPC
•WH1
15 x 595 = 8,930 ug/1
,WH2 = 13.8 x 250 * 3,450 ug/1
LH
= 0.2 x 3,450 = 690 ug/g
EPCAE = 0.1 x 1,215 = 121 yg/m3 (0.025 ppm)
EPCWE1 = 50 x 10 = 500 ug/1
EPCWE2 = 25° "9/1
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15A120
ISOPROPYL BENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, Aig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.5E5
(50)
3.75E6
7.5E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.2E3
(0.25)
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
595.2
(0.12)
3,450
690
Based on
Ecological
Effects
121
(0.025)
250
50
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
41
0.01 +
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
595
(0.12)
3,450
690
B Based on
Ecological Effects
121
(0.025)
250
50
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Public drinking water supplies.
A-531
-------
CATEGORY: ISA
BUTYL BENlENES:
n-BUTYL BENZENE:
sec-BUTYL BENZENE:
Colorless liquid
tert-BUTYL BENZENE:
WLN:
n. 15A140
1-phenyl butane). Colorless liquid, 15A141 STRUCTURE:
(2-phenyl butane, 1-methylpropyl benzene).
15A142
((1,l-Dimethylethyl)benzene, 2-methyl-2-phenyl propane,
trimethylphenyl methane, pseudobutyl benzene). Colorless liquid. 15A143
PROPERTIES:
molecular
wt. m.p.
P.P..
d.
vap. press
solubility
vap.d. in water
n-butyl benzene 134.22 -88
sec-butyl benzene 134.22 -75
tert-butyl benzene 134.22 -57.85
183760 0.86012°
173760 0.8621?°
169760 0.86652°
1 mm at 22.7°
1 ran at 18.6°
1 mm at 13.0°
4.6 insoluble
4.62 insoluble
4.62 insoluble
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Butyl benzene has been reported in samples taken from river water and from
finished drinking water (ref. 19). sec-Butyl benzene is prepared from benzene
and n-butyl chloride in the presence of A1C1, (ref. 16). tert-Butyl benzene
can be formed from isobutyl alcohol and benzene by treatment with fuming sul-
furic acid (ref. 16). sec-Butyl benzene is used as a solvent and in organic
synthesis (ref. 16).
tert-butyl benzene
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxic effects of butyl benzenes are expected to be similar to those of the other alkyl benzene compounds.
n-Butyl benzene: LDLo (oral, rat): 5,000 mg/kg (ref. 8).
sec-Butyl benzene: LD5Q (oral, rat): 2,240 mg/kg (ref. 8).
tert-Butyl benzene: LD^Q (oral, rat): 5,000 mg/kg (ref. 8).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 2,240 =1.01 x 105 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.01 x 105 = 1.52 x 106 pg/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.52 x 106 « 3.04 x 105 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC,
'AH2
AH3
•WH1
0.107 x 2,240 = 240 yg/mj
0.081 x 2,240 = 181 ug/m3
15 x 181 = 2,715 ug/l
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 2,240 = 896 ug/l
E?CLH = 0.2 x 896 = 1,800 ug/g
Calculated from LD5Q for sec-butyl benzene.
A-532
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15A140
BUTYL BENZENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m
(pprn Vol)
Water, ^g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.0E5
1.5E6
3.0E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
181
896
1,800
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Ditcharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
181
896
1,800
8. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-533
-------
CATEGORY; ISA WLN: RR
BIPHENYL: C12H1Q (bibenzene, diphenyl, pheny 1 benzene). STRUCTURE:
White or colorless scales; pleasant odor. 15A160
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 154.2; mp: 71; bp: 255.9; d: 0.866020,
vap.d: 5.31; vap. press: 1 run at 70.6°; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Biphenyl is produced by thermal dehvdrogenation of benzene (ref. 13). It is used as a heat transfer
agent and in organic synthesis (ref. 16). It is one of the most thermally stable of known organic
compounds (ref. 13). s
Biphenyl has been reported in samples taken from finished drinking water (ref. 19).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Reported effects resulting from exposure to biphenyl include irritation and injury to respiratory
passages; no chronic effects are documented (ref. 7').
irritative effects in a human (ref. 8).
LD5Q (oral, rat): 3,280 mg/kg.
Aquatic toxicity: Bioconcentration factor (calculated):
Exposure by inhalation to 4,400 yg/m caused
436 (ref. 20).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA, RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV = 1 mg/m3 (0.2 ppm).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
1.0 x 103 Mg/m3 (0.2 ppm)
15 x 1.0 x 103 ' 1.5 x 104 MgA
0.2 x 1.5 x 104 = 3.0 x 103 yg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
•AH1
10J x 1/420 =2.4 ug/mj
EPCAHla = O-2/420 = 0-0005 ppm
EPCWH1 = 15 x 2.4 = 36
EPC,
'WH2
= 13.;
EPCLH =0.2
i x 1 =
x 13.e
13.8
= 3 p
A-534
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15A160
BIPHENYL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.0E3
(0.2)
1.5E4
3.0E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goaf*
Bastd on
Health Effects
2.4
(0.0005)
13.8
3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, (ig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, Aig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
2.4
(0.0005)
14
3
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-535
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 15A
Benzene, Substituted Benzene Hydrocarbons -
Benzene and Monosubstituted Benzene Hydrocarbons
1. Howard, P. H., and P. Durkin, Sources of Contamination, Ambient Levels,
and Fate of Benzene in the Environment. Prepared by Syracuse University
Research Corporation under Contract No. 68-01-2679 for Environmental
Protection Agency. Available from National Technical Information Service,
U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA. PB 244 139 (1974).
2. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report
Prepared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. 6. Tucker,
Project Officer, IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
3. Bond, R. G., C. P. Straub, and R. Prober, Eds. Handbook of Environmental
Control. Vol. 1: Air Pollution. The Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland,
OH (1972).
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances.
Preliminary Assessment of Suspected Carcinogens in Drinking Water:
Report to Congress. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
(1975).
5. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 7, Lyon,
France. A World Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva, (1974).
6. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Occupational Exposure to
Benzene.1 Department of Labor. OSHA Title 29, Part 1910. Federal
Register. Vol. 43, No. 29, 5963, February 10, 1978.
7. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation
of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
8. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc.,
Rockville, MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
HEW Publication No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
9. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth
Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
A-536
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 15A (Continued)
10. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Criteria for a Rec-
ommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Benzene. Available from National
Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA.
PB 246 700 (1974).
11. Billings, C. E., Technological Sources of Air Pollution. Industrial Pol-
lution. N. I. Sax, Ed., Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., New York, NY (1974).
12. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Criteria for a Rec-
ommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Toluene. Available from National
Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA PB
222 219 (1973).
13. Gerarde, H. W. The Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology,
Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2, F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers, New
York, NY (1963).
14. Handy, R., and A. Schindler. Estimation of Permissible Concentration of
Pollutants for Continuous Exposure. Prepared by Research Triangle Institute
under Contract 68-02-1325 for Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, EPA-600 12-76-155 (1976).
15. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineerinq. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
16. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
17. Research Triangle Institute. Industry, Process and Use Data for In-House
Criteria Document. Prepared for NIOSH, Cincinnati, OHio, Research Triangle
Institute Project No. 1251-1, September 1976.
18. Plunkett, E. R. Handbook of Industrial Toxicology, Second Edition, Chemical
Publishing Company, Inc., New York (1976).
19. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/4-76-062,
December 1976.
20. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
21. Middleton, J. T. Effect of Organic Materials in the Atmosphere on Vegetation.
Presented at American Petroleum Institute, May 8-9, 1958, University of
California, Riverside, CA.
A-537
-------
CATEGORY 15
BENZENE, SUBSTITUTED BENZENE HYDROCARBONS
SUBCATEGORY: 15B - Disubstituted and Polysubstituted Benzene
Hydrocarbons
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 23
number of parent compounds with subspecies 6
number of subspecies 20
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: None
539
-------
L56T&J
STRUCTURE:
CATEGORY: 156
INDAN: CgH1Q Chydrindene, 2,3-dihydroindene).
A colorless liquid. 15B020
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 118.19; rap: -51.4;bp: 176; d: 0.964;
insoluble in water; solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Indan is present in coal tar. In processes such as coal gasification, indan will likely be
converted to inoene. J
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LDLo Coral, rat): 5,000 mg/kg.
Indan may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to man.
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 2).
Indan is not included in the compounds tested thus far for carcinogenic activity (ref. 3).
Aquatic toxicity: 96-hr LC5Q (fathead minnow): 14 rng/n (ref. 16).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 5,000 » 2.25 x 105 yg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 2.25 x 105 = 3.4 x 106 vg/i
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.4 x
106 = 6.8 x 105 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
100 x 14 = 1,400 yg/1
0.2 x 1,400 = 280 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
'AH2
0.107 x 5,000 = 535 ug/m
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 5,000 = 405 ug/nr
EPC = 15 x 4.05 x 103 = 6,000 ug/j
WH1
EPC,
IH
0.4 x 5,000 = 2,00
0.2 x 2,000 = 400 ug/g
EPCUE1 = 50 x 14 = 700 ug/1
EPCLE = 0.2 x 700 = 140 ug/g
A-540
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15B020
INDAN
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimate)
(R&O Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.25E5
3.4E6
6.8E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.4E3
2.8E2
B. Ambient Level Goal'
Based on
Health Effects
405
2,000
400
Based on
Ecological
Effects
700
140
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ,ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ing/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
'
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
405
2,000
400
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
700
140
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-541
-------
CATEGORY: 15B
4,4'-UltJHL-NYLBIPHENYL: C24H2o (p,P '-quaterphenyl,
tetraphenyl).158060
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 306.41; mp: 320; bp: 42818; insoluble in
water.
0X0X0X0
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for 4-4' diphenylbiphenyl are not available at this time. However, toxicological
characteristics of 4,4' diphenylbiphenyl are likely to be similar to those of biphenyl and terphenyl
because of its chemical structure similarity. The data for these substances are shown below.
Chemical
biphenyl
terphenyl
(mg/m3)
1
9.4
TLV
(ppm)
0.2
1
LD50 (oral, rat)
(mg/kq)
3,280
500 (p-terphenyl)
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV: 1 mg/m3 (0.2 ppm) for biphenyl.
*MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITV CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 1.99 x 10 ug/m (0.2 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.99 x 103 = 2.99 x 104 ug/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.99 x 104 = 5.98 x 103 ug/g Land, Ecology:
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
'AMI
103 x 1.99/420 = 4.74 ug/m3
EPCAHla = 0.2/420 = 4.8 x 10"4 ppm
EPC,
EPC
EPC
'UH2
1H
= 15 x 4.74 = 71.1 ug/1
= 13.8 x 1.99 = 27.5 vg/1
= 0.2 x 27.5 = 5.5 U3/g
A-542
*Based on TLV for biphenyl; molecular wt ratio = 306-4 (4,4'-dipheny1bipheny1) _
154.2 (biphenyl) 3
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15B060
4,4'-DIPHENYLBIPHENYL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicttv Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2TQE3 '
(0.2)
'3.0E4
6.0E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
5
(4.8x10"
28
6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
")
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, Mg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, //g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /zg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
5 a.
(4.8 x ItO
28
6
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-543
-------
CATEGORY; 15B
XYLENES; CgH10 (dimethylbenzene, xylol). 15B080
A mobile, flammable liquid.
o-XYLENE: colorless liquid. 158081
m-XYLENE: colorless liquid. 15B082
P-XYLENE: colorless plates or prisms at low temperature
WLN: 1RB;
STRUCTURE: CH
IRC;
CH,
PROPERTIES:
m-xylene
o-xylene
p-xylene
Mol. wt
106. a
106.2
106.2
0.864
0.880
0.861
mp
-47.4
-25
13-14
bp
139.3
144
137-138
15B083
Water Solubility
Insoluble
ortho- meta-
Vap. d Vap. press
3.66
3.66
3.66
10 mm at 28.3"
10 mm at 32.1°
10 mm at 27.3°
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Xylenes Include meta, ortho, and para structures. The meta isomer predominates in mixtures. The
odor threshold 1n air for p-xylene Is 0.47 ppm (2 mg/m ) (ref. 4). Rural background concentrations
are reported as follows (ref. 5):
Rural Concentration
1.1-9.7 ppbc (0.14-1.2 ppb; 0.6-5.2 yg/mj)
3.4-7.0 ppbc (0.43-0.88 ppb; 1.9-3.8 yg/mj)
0.5-1.6 ppbc (0.06-0.2 ppb; 0.3-0.9 ug/m3)
1RD
'3
para-
m-xylene
o-xylene
p-xylene
All three Isomers have been found in samples of U.S. drinking water supplies 1n concentrations less
than 5 vg/i. (ref. 6). The xylenes are obtained from coal tar. They are commonly used as solvents and
as a raw material in synthesis of a variety of chemicals (ref. 8).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Xylenes are absorbed through skin as well as by Inhalation (ref. 7). They may be narcotic 1n high
concentrations. Chronic toxicity is not well known, but xylenes are considered less toxic than benzene
(ref. 8). Effects of exposure to xylenes may be similar to effects from toluene but with a higher degree
of toxldty (ref. 9). Concentration of 200 ppm Is irritating to eyes, nose, and throat (refs. 9, 10).
Since occurrence of xylenes is generally associated with benzene, the specific toxic potential of xylenes
1s difficult to Isolate.
m-xylene
o-xylene
p-xylene
xylene (mixture)
LD50
(oral, rat)
5,000 mg/kg
5,000 mg/kg
5,000 mg/kg
4,300 mg/kg
LCLo
(Jnhalatiorij ratl
8,000 ppm/4 hours
6,700 ppm/4 hours
LCLO
(inhalation! mouse)
6,920 ppm
3,460 ppm
Aquatic toxlcity
TLm96: 100-10 ppm
TLm96: 100-10 ppm
TLm96: 100-10 ppm
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV » 435 mg/m3 (100 ppm).
Xylene 1s the subject of a NIOSH criteria document. The NIOSH recommendation for occupational exposure to
xylene is 100 ppm as a 10-hour-workday, time-weighted average. A ceiling of 200 ppm is recommended. (Xylene
as used in the document refers to any one of a combination of the Isomers of xylene) (ref. 11).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 4.35 x 105 pg/m3 (100 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 4.35 x 105 » 6.5 x 106 vg/t Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 6.5 x 106 = 1.3 x 106 ng/g Land, Ecology:
100 x 10 - 1.0 x 10J vg/i
0.2 x 1.0 x 10 - 200 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
•) -3
nj — nic I jiort _ 1 nAn . ~ y_J
EPC
AH1
10J x 435/420 « 1,040 wg/mj
EPCAHl'a = 100/42° = °-24 PP"1
EPCWH1 * 15 x 1,040 - 15,600 vg/l
EPCWH2 * 13.8 x 435 • 6,000 vg/i
0.2 x 6,000 = 1,200 ug/g
EPC,
1H
EPCWE1 = 50 x 10 - 500 yg/a
EPC.r * 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
A-544
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15B080
XYLENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BFT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.35E5
(100)
6.5E6
1.3E6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
1,040
(0.24)
6,000
1,200
Based on
Ecological
Effects
500
100
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.3 to 5.2
< 5+
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ^g/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
1,040
(0.24)
6,000
1,200
B Based on
Ecologrcal Effects
500
100
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Drinking water supplies.
A-545
-------
CATEGORY; 15B
DIALKYL BENZENES, (mw:
o-DIETHYL BENZENE:
m-DIETHYL BENZENE:
p-DIETHYL BENZENE:
o-OIISOPROPYL BENZENE:
m-DIISOPROPYL BENZENE:
1,4-DI-tert-BUTYL BENZENE:
PROPERTIES:
o-diethyl benzene
m-diethyl benzene
p-diethyl benzene
o-diisopropyl benzene
m-diisopropyl benzene
WLN:
134-191) 15B100
C2»5)2C^. A colorless 1 iquid. 15B101
A colorless liquid. 15B102
A colorless liquid. 15B103
^. A colorless liquid. 15B104
Z. A colorless liquid. 15B105
(C,,H9)2C6H,,. A solid. 158106
STRUCTURE:
C2Hs)2C^
2R X2/
mol.wt. mp: bp.
134.22 -31.4 183.5
134.22 -43.2 183.8
134.22 -83.9 181.1
162.28 210
162.28 -105 202
80-1 237
d
0.8800
0.8602
0.8620
0.858
0.860
twn ***•»
vap. d. vap. p.
4.62 1 mm at 20.7°
(MIXTURE) (MIXTURE)
water
solubility
insoluble
insoluble
Insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
"\^
di ethyl benzene
H
CH3- C-CH3
^
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15B100
DIALKYL BENZENES (MW: 134-191)
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, H9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.35E5
6.5E6
1.3E6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal'
Based on
Health Effects
1 ,040
(0.24)
6,000
1,200
Based on
Ecological
Effects
500
100
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
1.0 +
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/i"
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
1,040
(0.24)
6,000
1,200
B. Bated on
Ecological Effect)
500
100
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t...
Highest concentration reported in drinking water.
A-547
-------
CATEGORY:
15B
WLN: L66+TJ
STRUCTURE:
TETRAHYDROHAPHTHALENE: C1QH12 (tetralln, tetraline).
A colorless liquid; menthol odor. 15B120
PROPERTIES:
Molecular Wt.: 132.2; mp: -35.79; bp: 207.57,
79.36 ; d: 0.9707?°; vap. press: 1 mm at 38°; vap. d: 4.55; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Tetrahydronaphthalene is produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene (ref. 8). It is used
as a solvent and has been used as a larvacide for mosquitoes (ref. 10).
In the presence of selenium or sulfur, the compound may dehydrogenate to give naphthalene and
H2S or H2Se.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Tetrahydronaphthalene is an irritant in low concentrations. Narcotic effects result from exposure to
high concentrations (ref. 7). Dermatitis has also resulted from exposure (ref. 10).
LD5Q (oral, rat): 2,860 mg/kg (ref. 14).
LCLo (inhalation, guinea pig): 275 ppm for 8 hours for 17 days (ref. 14).
Aquatic toxicity: TLm96: 100-10 ppm (ref. 14).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 2860 = 1.3 x 105 pg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.3 x 105 = 2.0 x 106 vg/i.
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.0 x 106 = 4.0 x 105 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 10 *
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1.0 x
1.0 x
103 =
10
200
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
3
EPCAH2 =• 0.107 x 2,860
306 ug/nT
EPC
EPC
'AH3
'WH1
0.081 x 2,860 • 232 ug/m
15 x 232 = 3>48° J9/4
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 2,860 = 1,140 vg/l
EPC, u = 0-2 x 1,140 = 230 yg/g
Ln
EPCWE1 = 50 x 10 = 500
0.2 x 500 = 100 ^g
A-548
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15B120
TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m^
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Exilting Standard!
IMSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Bated on
Health Effects
1.3E5
2.0E6
4.0E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
232
1,140
230
Based on
Ecological
Effects
500
TOO
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
232
1,140
230
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
500
100
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-549
-------
CATEGORY: 15B WLN: L66BUT&J
DIHYDRONAPHTHALENES: 15B140
1,2-DIHYDRONAPHTHALENE. C10H10. A liquid. 15B141 STRUCTURE:
1,4-OIHYDRONAPHTHALENE. C10H10. A solid or liquid. 15B142
PROPERTIES:
1,2-dihydronaphthalene: mol. wt: 130.19; mp: -8 to -7; bp: 206-7;
d: 0.99742°; insoluble in water.
1,4-dihydronaphthalene: mol. wt: 130.19; mp: 25; bp: 211-2760-
d: 0.9928|3; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
In the presence of sulfur or selenium, the dlhyrdonaphthalenes may
form naphthalene and H-S or H,Sr.
>2-dihydronaphthalene
1,4-dihydronaphthalene
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
L050 (oral, rat): 2,830 mg/kg for 1,2-dihydronaphthalene (ref. 14).
Toxic properties are probably similar to those of tetrahydronaphthalenes.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXIC1TY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 2,830 = 1.27 x 105 pg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.27 x ID5 = 1.91 x 106 pg/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.91 x 106 = 3.8 x 105 pg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
AH2
= 0.107 x 2,830 = 302.8
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 2,830 = 229.2 ug/m3
EPCWH1 * 15 x 229.2 = 3,438 yg/1
EPC,
EPC
'WH2
LH
= 0.4 x 2,830 = 1,132 ug/1
= 0.2 x 1,132 = 226 tg/g
A-550
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15B140
DIHYDRONAPHTHALENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.27E5
1.91E6
3.8E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goat*
Based on
Health Effects
229
1,132
226
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /*g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, >jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
229
1,132
226
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-551
-------
CATEGORY: 15B
itKKHtHTLi): (C6H5)2 C6H4 158160
o-TERPHENYL: (1,2-diphenylbenzene).
m-TERPHENYL: (1,3-diphenylbenzene).
p-TERPHENYL: (1,4-diphenylbenzene).
A solid or liquid. 15B161
Colorless needles. 15B162
A solid. 15B163
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
o-terphenyl
m-terphenyl
p-terphenyl
mol.wt.
230.31
230.31
230.31
89
213
365780
405
d.
nr
1.164
1.236
water
vap.d. solubility
7795~~ "" - • •
7.95
7.95
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
o-terphenyl
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Terphenyls are used as heat-exchange fluids and as atomic reactor moderator
coolants (ref. 9). Terphenyls have been reported in samples of finished
drinking water (ref. 12). Polychlorinated terphenyls are expected to be found m-terphenyl
in seawater and in marine organisms: trophic accumulation is also expected (ref. 13).
p-terphenyl
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Workers exposed to dust and vapor experienced marked irritation at concentrations in air above 10 mg/m3
(ref. 9). Terphenyls may produce eye, skin, and respiratory irritation and may cause sensitization, but
this has not been demonstrated with humans (ref. 9).
Of the 3 isomers, o-terphenyl has been demonstrated to be the most toxic on ingestion (ref. 9).
In general, the terphenyls do not present industrial hygiene hazards due to their low vapor pressure
and low order of toxicity (ref. 10).
LD
Lo
50°
p-terphenyl (ref. 14).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 9 mg/m3 (1 ppm)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
n3
Air, Health: 10 x 9 = 9,000 ug/m (1 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 9 x 103 = 1.35 x 105 ug/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.35 x 105 = 2.7 x 104 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC,
EPC,
EPC
'AH1
'AHla
'WH1
'HH2
LH
• 103 x 9/420 = 21.4 ug/m3
= 1/420 = 2.38 x 10"3 ppm
= 15 x 21.4 = 321 ug/1
= 13.8 x 9 = 124 ug/1
= 0.2 x 124 = 25 ug/g
A-552
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15B160
TERPHENYLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air. pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppmWt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standardi
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
9.0E3
(1)
1.35E5
2.7E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goat*
Based on
Health Effects
21
.(0.002)
124
25
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
21
(0.002)
124
25
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-553
-------
CATEGORY: 158
TRIHETHYLBE!!ZEHES: (CH3)3 C6H3. 15B180
1,2,3-TRIMETHYLBENZENE: (hemimellitene). 158181
1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE: (pseudocumene). 15B182
1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE: (mesitylene). 15B183
All are colorless liquids.
d.
PROPERTIES: mol.wt. nip. bp
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 120.20 -25.4 176.1 0.8944
1,2,4-Trimethyl benzene 120.20 -43.8 169.4 0.8758
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 120.20 -44.7 164.7 0.8652
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
IR BCC/
water solubility
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Rural background concentrations of trimethylbenzenes are reported
as follows (ref. 5).
IR B D/
Chemical
1,2,4-trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
Rural Concentration
277 - 97 ppbc (1.47 - 52.9 M
0.01 - 21 ppbc (0.005 - 11.4
(1,2,3-trimethylbenzene)
CH,
--CH,
(1,2,4-trimethylbenzene)
Trimethylbenzenes have also been found in drinking water, with the highest reported concentration
at 6.1 ug/1 (ref. 6).
Trimethybenzenes occur in coal tar and in petroleum crudes (ref. 8).
IR C E/
(1,3,5-trimethylbenzene)
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Trimethylbenzenes may act as a CNS depressant and a respiratory irritant (ref. 8)..
Workers exposed to 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at 10-60 ppm for several years exhibited
nervousness, tension and asthmatic bronchitis (ref. 15).
Chemical
1,2, 3-Tri methyl benzene
1, 2, 4-Trimethyl benzene
1 ,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
LDLO
(oral , rat)
(mg/kg)
5,000
5,000
LCLo '
(inhalation, rat)
2,400 ppm for 24 hrs
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 120 mg/m3 (25 ppm) established for trimethylbenzene mixture or Individual isomers.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
103 x 120 = 1.2 x 105 ug/m3 (25 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.2 x 105 = 1.8 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.8 x 106 = 3.6 x 105
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPC
'AH1
10J x 120/420 = 285.7 ug/m°
EPCAHla= 25/420 * 0.06 ppm
EPCWH1 =• 15 x 285.7 = 4,286 ug/1
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 120 = 1,656 ug/1
EPC
LH
0.2 x 1,656 = 331 ug/g
A-5 54
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15B180
TRIMETHYLBENZENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.2E5
(25)
1.8E6
3.6E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
286
(0.06)
1,656
331
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.005 - 53
6. It
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, f/g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Bawd on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
286
(0.06)
1,656
331
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
concentration reported in drinking water.
A-555
-------
CATEGORY: 15B
TETRAMETHYLBENZENES: (CH,)4
1,2,3,4-TETRAMETH7LBENZENE;
1,2,3,5-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE.
1,2,4,5-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE.
(prehnitene). A liquid. 15B201
(isodurene). A liquid. 15B202
(durene). A solid. 15B203
WIN:
STRUCTURE:
mol .wt.
134.22
134. 22
134.22
"»P-
-6.25
-23.68
79.24
bp^
205
198
196. i
0.
0.
3 0.
d.
.9052
8903
.8875
water
solubility
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
PROPERTIES;
l,2,3,4-Tetramethylb6nzene
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetramethy1 benzene
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Tetramethylbenzene isomers have been reported in samples taken
from finished drinking water (ref. 12). The highest concentration
reported has been less than 1.0 ug/1 (ref. 6).
Tetramethylbenzene isomers are found in coal tars (ref. 8).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
The toxicity of the tetramethylbenzenes is probably similar to
that of the trimethyl benzenes.
Aquatic toxicity: TLm 96: 1,000 = 100 ppm for a mixture of
isomers (ref. 14).
•CH,
(1,2,3,4-tetramethyl benzene)
.CH,
(1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene)
(1,2,4,5-tetrameLliylbenzene)
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV for trimethylbenzenes: 120 mg/m3 (25 ppm).
*MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 103 x 120 = 1.2 x 105 yg/m3 (25 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 100 = 1.0 x 104 |jg/l
Water, Health:15 x 1.2 x 105 = 1.8 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health 0.2 x 1.8 x 106 = 3.6 x 105 ug/9 Land- Ecology: 0.2 x 1.0 x 104 = 2.0 x 103 (jg/g
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 103 x 120/420 = 285.7 yg/m3
EPCAHla = 25/420 =0-06 ppm
EPCWH1 = 15 x 285.7 = 4,286 ug/1
EPCWR2 = 13.8 x 120 = 1,556 ug/1
EPC
•LH = 0.2 x 1,656 = 331 ug/g
EPCW£1 =• 50 x 100 = 5,000 ug/1
EPCLE = 0.2 x 5,000 = 1,000 u
*Bealth based values derived from TLV for trimethylbenzenes.
A-556
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
15B200
TETRAMETHYLBENZENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, Aig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.2E5
1.8E6
3.6E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E4-
2.6E3
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
286
(0.06)
1,656
331
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5,000
1,000
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
< l.Ot
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
286
(0.06)
1,656
331
B Based on
Ecological Effects
5,000
1,000
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tHighest concentration reported in finished drinking water.
A-557
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 15B
Benzene, Substituted Benzene Hydrocarbons -
Disubstituted and Polysubstituted Benzene Hydrocarbons
1. Andelman, J. B., and M. J. Suess. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the
Water Environment. Bull Hid. Hlth. Org. 43: 479-508 (1970).
2. Dipple, A. Polynuclear Aromatic Carcinogens. Chemical Carcinogens. C. E.
Searle, Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 245-314 (1976).
3. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity: 1972-1973 Volume. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc.,
Rockville, MD under Contract No. 1 CP 33402 for National Cancer Institute.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
4. Billings, C. E., Technological Sources of Air Pollution. Industrial Pol-
lution, N. I. Sax, Ed., Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., New York, NY (1974).
5. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer,
IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances. Preliminary
Assessment of Suspected Carcinogens in Drinking Water: Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (1975).
7. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
8. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
9. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
10. Gerarde, H. W. The Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology,
Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2, F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers, New
York, NY (1963).
11. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Criteria for a Reco-
mmended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Xylene. Available from National
Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA
PB 246 702 (1975).
A-558
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 15B (Continued)
12. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4-76-062, December 1976.
13. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
14. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
15. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. Vapor-Phase Organic
Pollutants: Medical and Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants.
National Academy of Science, Washington, DC (1976).
16. Mattson, V. R., J. W. Arthur, and C. G. Walbridge. Acute Toxicity of Selected
Compounds to Fathead Minnows. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, Duluth, MN. EPA-600/3-76-097 (1976).
A-559
-------
CATEGORY 16
HALOGENATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 16A - Ring Substituted Aromatics
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory
number of parent compounds with subspecies.
number of subspecies
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only
17
4
10
0
0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 9
16A020 Chlorobenzene
16A100 1,2-Dichlorobenzene
16A120 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
16A140 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
16A161 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
16A162 Hexachlorobenzene
16A201 1-Chloronaphthalene
16A202 2-Chloronaphthalene
16A220 Polychlorinated biphenyls
A-561
-------
CATEGORY:
16A
CHLOROBENZENE: CgHjCl (phenyl chloride). 16A020
A colorless liquid, faint, not unpleasant odor.
WIN: QR
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 112.56; mp: -45.6; bp: 131-132;
d: 1.1058; vap. d: 3.88; vap. press: 10 m at 22°; solubility 1n water: 49 mg/100 ml at 20°C.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Odor threshold level for chlorobenzene 1s reported as 0.21 ppm (ref. 1). Chlorobenzene has been found
in samples of U.S. drinking water supplies at levels of less than 5 ug/i (ref. 2).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Chlorobenzene is a central nervous system depressant and may affect the liver and kidneys (ref. 3).
It has only slight irritant qualities (ref. 4).
A narcotic effect was observed when animals were exposed to concentrations of chlorobenzene above
1,200 ppm (ref. 5). Little information 1s available on human effects from repeated exposure to sub-
narcotic concentrations (ref. 4).
LD50 (oral, rat): 2,910 mg/kg.
Aquatic toxicity: TLm96: 100-1 ppm (ref. 6).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 350 mg/m3 (75 ppm).
Chlorobenzene Is on EPA Consent Decree Priority 2 List.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
A1r, Health: 3.50 x 105 yg/m3 (75 ppm)
Water, Health: 15 x 3.5 x 105 > 5.25 x 106 yg/i
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5.25 x 106 = 1.05 x 106 yg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 1 « 100 yg/«
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 • 20 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC!
'AMI
'AH la
10J x 350/420 * 830 ng/nT
75/420 »0.18 ppm
.WH1 - 15 x 830 « 12,500 M9/4
EPCWH2 » 13.8 x 350 - 4,830 pg/J.
EPCLH = 0.2 x 4,830 = 9.66 x Id2 yg/g
EPCW£1 « 50 x 1 = 50 yg/Z
EPCLE « 0.2 x 50 » 10 yg/g
A-562
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16A020
CHLOROBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wtl
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.50E5
(75)
5.25E6
1.05E6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
830
(0.18)
4,830
966
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
<5*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
o
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /*g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Baud on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
830
(0.18)
4,830
966
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Drinking water supplies.
A-563
-------
CATEGORY: 16A
BROHOBENZENE: C6H<;Br (phenyl bromide).
A colorless liquid with an aromatic odor. 16A040
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 157.02; mp: -30.82; bp: 156; d: 1.4950;
vap.d: 5.41; vap.press: 10 mm at 40°; insoluble in water.
WIN:
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Bromobenzene has been reported in samples taken from finished drinking water and from
river water in the U.S. (ref. 7).
Bromobenzene is used as a solvent on a large scale and where a heavy liquid is desirable.
It is also used as a motor oil additive, and in the manufacture of phenyl magnesium bromide
(ref. 8).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Bromobenzene is reported as being irritating to the skin (ref. 8). When heated to decomposi-
tion, bromobenzenes may produce toxic fumes of bromides (ref. 4). lexicological data for
bromobenzene are not available. However, toxicological characteristics of bromobenzene are
likelv to be similar to those of chlorobenzene. Data for chlorobenzene from ref. 6 are shown below.
Chemical
monochlorobenzene
TLV
(mg/m3) (ppm)
350 75
LDbo (oral , rat)
(mg/kg)
2,910
Aquatic toxicity
(ppm)
100-1
Data from aliphatic compounds indicate that chlorine substitution increases toxicity more than
bromine substitution.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 350 mg/m3 (75 ppm) for monochlorobenzene.
'MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 4.88 x 105 ug/m3 (75 ppm)
Water, Health: 15 x 4.88 x 105 = 7.32 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 7.32 x 106 = 1.46 x 106 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 1 = 100 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
•ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 103 x 488'420 = 1,161 yg/m3
EPCAHla = 75/420 = 0.18 ppm
15 x 1,161 = 1.74 x 104 ug/1
EPC,
'WH1
EPCWH2 = 13'8 x 488 = 6> 734
EPC
LH
0.2 x 6,734 = 1.346 x 103
EPCwa - 50 x 1
EPC
LE
50 ug/1
= 0.2 x 50 = 10 ug/g
*Based on TLV for monochlorobenzene; molecular wt. ratio =
A-564
157.02 (bromobenzene)
112.i6 (monochlorobenzene)
= 1.395
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16A040
BROMOBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS f
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicily Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.88E5
(75)
7.32E6
1 .46§6~-
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
1,161-
(0.18)
6,734
1,346
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALSt
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
1,161
(0.18)
6,734
1,346
B Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tBased on data for chlorobenzene.
A-565
-------
CATEGORY: 16 A
DIBROMOBENZENES: 16A060
1,2-DIBROMOBENZENE: C6H4Br2.
1,3-DIBROMOBENZENE: C6H4Br2.
1,4-DIBROMOBENZENE: C6H4Br2.
the odor of xylene. 16A063
A colorless liquid. 16A061
A colorless liquid. 16A062
A colorless liquid with
WIN:
STRUCTURE:
1C
1
1
1
IPERTIES:
, 2-di bromobenzene
,3-dibromobenzene
,4-dibromobenzene
mol.
2Jb.
235.
235.
.wt.
,y2
92
.92
mp
7.1
-7
87.33
bp
225
218
218-9
1.
1.
1.
d
.9843
.9523
,83224
vap.d.
oo 8.1
vap.
1 mm
press.
at 61°
water
solubility
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Dibromobenzene isomers have been reported in samples taken from finished drinking water
and from river water in the U.S. (ref. 7).
(1,2-dibromobenzene)
Br
(1,3-dibromobenzene)
(1,4-dibromobenzene)
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Bromobenzenes are reported to be irritating to the skin (ref. 8). When heated to decomposi-
tion, bromobenzenes may produce toxic fumes of bromides (ref. 4). lexicological data for dibromo-
benzenes are not available. However, toxicological characteristics of dibromobenzenes are likely
to be similar to those of dichlorobenzenes. Data for dichlorobenzenes from ref. 6 are shown below.
Chemical
1,2-dichlorobenzene
1,3-dichlorobenzene
1,4-dichlorobenzene
TLV
(mg/m3) (ppm)
300 50
450 75
LD50 (oral , rat)
(ing/ kg)
500
Aquatic toxicity
(ppm)
10 to <1
(for mixed isomers)
Data from aliphatic compounds indicate that chlorine substitution increases toxicity more than
bromine substitution.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 300 mg/m3 (50 ppm) for 1,2-dichlorobenzene.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
4.81 x 105 ug/m3 (50 ppm)
Water, Health: 15 x 4.81 x 105 = 7.22 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 7.22 x 106 = 1.44 x 106 pg/g
• ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCftH1 » 103 x 481/420 = 1,145 ug/m3
EPCAHla = 50/420 = 0.12 ppm
EPCUH1 = 15 x 1,145 = 1.72 x 104 yg/1
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 481 = 6,638 ug/1
EPCLH = 0.2 x 6,638 = 1.328 x 103 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 1 = 100 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 = 20.0 ug/g
EPCWE1 = 50 x 1 = 50 ug/1
EPC
:LE = 0.2 x 50 = 10 ug/g
A-566
*Based on TLV for 1,2-dichlorobenzene; molecular weight ratio = O^Ol (dich°o°obenzene) = 1"605
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16A060
DIBROMOBEIMZEIMES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALSf
Air, nq/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.81E5
7.22E6
1.44E6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
B^sed on
Health Effects
1,145
(0.12)
6,638
1,328
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS f
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
1,145
(0.12)
6,638
1,328
B Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
fBased on data for dichlorobenzenes.
A-567
-------
DRY: 16A
OROBENZENES: C6H4BrCl. 16A080
l-BROMO-2-CHLOROBENZENE: A liquid. 16A081
l-BROMO-3-CHLOROBENZENE: A liquid. 16A082
l-BROMO-4-CHLOROBENZENE: A solid. 16A083
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
l-bromo-2-chlorobenzene
l-bromo-3-chlorobenzene
l-bromo-4-chlorobenzene
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Bromochlorobenzene isomers have been reported in samples taken
from finished drinking water in the U.S. (ref. 7).
mol.wt.
191.46
191.46
191.46
mo.
-12.3
-21.5
68
bp.
204
196
196
d.
1.6382
1.6302
1.576
water
solubility
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for bromobenzenes are not available at this time. However, toxlcological
characteristics of bromochlorobenzenes are likely to be similar to those of dlchlorobenzenes. Data
f6r dlchlorobenzenes from ref. 6 are shown below.
Chemical v
monochl orobenzene
1,2-dichlorobenzene
1,3-dichlorobenzene
1,4-dichl orobenzene
TLV LDsn
(mg/m3)
350
300
450
(ppm)
75
50
75
(oral, rat)
(mq/kq)
2,910
500
Aquatic toxicity
(ppm)
lub-i
10 to <1
(for mixed isomers)
Data from aliphatic compounds indicates that chlorine substitution increases toxicity more than
bromine substitution.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 300 mg/m3 (50 ppm) for 1,2-dichlorobenzene.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
3.91 x 105 Mg/m3 (50 ppm)
Water, Health: 15 x 3.91 x 105 = 5.87 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5.87 x 106 - 1.17 x TO6 vg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 1 = 100 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 * 20 ug/g
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
103 x 391/420 « 9
50/420 =0.12 ppm
EPCAHJ = 103 x 391/420 « 931 ug/m3
EPCAHla
EPCWH1 = 15 x 931 » 1.40 x 104 u9/l
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 391 * 5.40 x 103 ug/1
EPC
LH
0.2 x 5.40 x 103 « 1.08 x 103 ug/g
EPCW£1 = 50 x 1 = 50 ug/1
EPC
L£
= 0.2 x 50 = 10 vg/g
*Based on TLV for 1,2-dichlorobenzene; molecu^r^ratlo
l'302
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16A080
BROMOCHLOROBENZENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BIT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engmeenng Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.91E5
(50)
5.87E6
1.17E6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
931
(0.12)
5,400
1,080
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, j/g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
931
(0.12)
5,400
1,080
8 Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-569
-------
CATEGORY: 16A WLN: GR BG
1,2-DICHLOROBE_NZENE: Cg^CU, (o-d1chlorobenzene). 16A100 STRUCTURE:
A colorless liquid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 147.01; rap: -17; bp: 180; d: 1.3048;
Vap. d: 5.07; vap. press: 1.56 mm at 25°; Insoluble
in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
The odor of o-dichlorobenzene may be detected at 50 ppm (300 mg/m3) (ref. 3).
o-Dichlorobenzene has been found in samples of U.S. drinking water supplies in a concentration
of 1 ug/4 (ref. 2).
The compound is not known to occur in nature. It is produced commercially and used as a solvent
and as a chemical intermediate (ref. 12).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxicity of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is similar to that of other aromatic chloro compounds; however, the
o-isomer of dichlorobenzene is somewhat more toxic than the m- or p-forms. It causes central nervous
system depression, can injure the liver and kidneys, and is irritating to skin and mucous membranes
(ref. 4). Exposure to concentrations above 90 ppm affected test animals (ref. 5).
LCLo (inhalation, rat): 707 ppm for 7 hours.
LD. (oral, guinea pig): 2,000 mg/kg.
Aquatic toxicity: 96-hr TLm (for mixed dichlorobenzene isomers): 10 to < 1 ppm (ref. 6).
A concentration of 0.25 mg/i of 1,2-D1chlorobenzene is reported to cause tainting of fish flesh
(ref. 9):
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV =• 300 mg/m3 (50 ppm).
On EPA Consent Decree Priority I List.
1,2-Dichlorobenzene has been reviewed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. They concluded
that there is insufficient evidence to indicate carcinogenic risk from the compound (ref. 12).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 3.0 x 105 yg/m3 (50 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 3 x 105 = 4.5 x 106 ug/1 Water, Ecology: 100 x 1 - 100 wg/i
Land, Health: 0.2 x 4.5 x TO = 9.0 x 10 wg/g' Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 « 20 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 » 103 x 300/420 =714 ug/m3
EPCAHla = 50/420 - 0.12 ppm
EPCwm = 15 x 714 = 10,700 vg/i. EPCW£1 = 50 x 1 = 50 yg/i
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 300 « 4,140 vg/i EPCWE2 = 25° u9/lil
EPC... » 0.2 x 4,140 = 828 vg/g EPC, c » 0.2 x 50 = 10 yg/g
LH Lt
A-570
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16A100
1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ^g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicitv Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.0E5
(50)
4.5E6
9.0E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
714
(0.12)
4,140
828
Baied on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
It
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, w/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ag/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
714
(0.12)
4,140
828
B. Baud on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tDrinking water supplies.
A-571
-------
CATEGORY: 16A WIN:
1.3-DICHLOROBENZENE: C6H4C12 (m-dichlorobenzene).
A colorless liquid. 16A120 STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 147.01; mp: -24.7; bp: 173; d: 1.2884;
vap. d: 5.08; vap. press: 1mm at 12.1°; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
1,3-Dichlorobenzene has been reported in samples taken from river water, well water, raw public water
supplies, and finished drinking water in the U.S. (ref. 7). The highest reported concentration in
drinking water is reported as less than 3.0 ug/1 (ref. 2).
1,3-Dichlorobenzene is used as an insecticide and fumigant (ref. 4).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
1,3-Dichlorobenzene is believed to be less toxic than the ortho-isomer (ref. 4).
LCL(J (rat): 707 ppm for 7 hours for 1,2-Dichlorobenzene (ref. 6).
LDLo (oral, guinea pig): 2,000 mg/kg for 1,2-Dichlorobenzene (ref. 6).
Aquatic toxicity: TLm 96: 10- under 1 ppm for mixed isomers (ref. 6).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
1,3-Dichlorobenzene is on the EPA Consent Decree List, Priority 1.
TLV = 300 mg/m3 (50 ppm) for 1,2-Dichlorobenzene.
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
3.0 x 105 ug/m3 (50 ppm)
Water, Health: 15 x 3.0 x 105 = 4.5 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 4.5 x 106 = 9.0 x 105 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x <1 = <100 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x <100 = <20 ug/g
' ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCn
"•AMI
103 x 300/420 = 714 ug/m3
EPCAHla = 50/420 =0.12 ppn
EPCWH1 = 15 x 714 = 10,700 ug/1
EPC,
EPC,
'WH2
LH
= 13.8 x 300 = 4,140 ug/1
= 0.2 x 4,140 = 8.28 x 102 ug/g
EPC,
WEI
EPC
LE
50 x < 1 = < 50 ug/1
= 0.2 x < 50 =<10 ug/g
* Health values based on TLV for l,2-DichlorotAfiz!ir7f2
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16A120
1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALSt
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.0E5
4.5E6
9.0E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
714
(0.12)
4,140
828
Based on
Ecological
Effects
.50
<10
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
<3.ot
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS t
Air, j/g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, pig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Bawd on
Ecological Effects
'
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
714
(0.12)
4,140
828
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tBased on data for 1,2-Dichlorobenzene.
tHighest concentration reported in drinking water,
A-573
-------
CATEGORY: 16A
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE: CgH^Clj (p-Dichlorobenzene). 16A140
Volatile crystals with characteristic, penetrating odor.
WLN: GR D6
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 147.01; mp:
vap. d: 5.07; vap. press:
53; bp: 174; d: 1.2884;
10 mm at 55°; insoluble 1n
water; sublimes at ordinary temperatures.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
The odor threshold level is 15-30 ppm (90-180 mg/m3) in air (ref. 3). 1,4-Dichlorobenzene has been
found in a concentration of 1 ug/z. in samples of U.S. drinking water supplies (ref. 2). The compound
is not known to occur in nature (ref. 12). It is manufactured and used widely as an insecticide,
disinfectant, and chemical intermediate (ref. 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Vapors of 1 ,4-dichlorobenzene can cause irritation to skin, throat, and eyes; repeated exposure to
high concentrations may cause liver injury and central nervous system depression (refs. 8,3). Ingestion
of 300 mg/kg by a human has resulted in unspecified toxic effects (ref. 6). The compound is indicated
to be less toxic than 1 ,2-dichlorobenzene (ref. 5).
LD5Q (oral, rat): 500 mg/kg.
Aquatic toxicity: 96-hr. TLm for mixed dichlorobenzene isomers:
10 to <1 ppm (ref. 6)
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV = 450 mg/m3 (75 ppm).
On EPA Consent Decree Priority I List.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene has been reviewed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. They concluded
that there is insufficient evidence to indicate carcinogenic risk from this compound (ref. 12).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 4.5 x 105 ug/m3 (75 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 4.5 x 105 * 6.75 x 106 ug/z. Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 6.75 x 106 = 1.35 x 106 ug/g Land, Ecology:
100 x 1 = 100 ug/Ji
0.2 x 100 = 20 yg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
£PCAH1 - 10J x 450/420
EPC
75/420
1,070 ug/
AHU = = 0.18 ppm
EPCwm = 15 x 1,070 = 16,100 ug/i
6,210 yg/fc
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 450 =
EPCI14 = 0.2 x 6,210
Ln
1.24 x lo ug/g
EPCWE1 = 50 x 1 - 50
EPCLE = 0.2 x 50 = 10. ug/g
A-574
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16A140
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxtcity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.5E5
(75)
6.75E6
1.35E6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
1,070
(0.18)
6,210
1,240
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
It
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ingl\
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
1,070
(0.18)
6,210
1,240
B Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tDrinking water supplies.
A-575
-------
CATEGORY: 16 A WLN;
PflLVCHLOlMATED BENZENES: 16A160
1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE: C6H3C13 (unsym-trichlorobenzene). STRUCTURE:
A colorless liquid; volatile with steam. 16A161
HEXACHLOROBENZENE: CgClg (perchlorobenzene). 16A162
A solid.
PROPERTIES:
1,2,4-TrTchlorobenzene: mol. wt: 181.45; mp. 16.95; bp: 213.5;
d: 1.4634; vap. d: 6.26; vap. press: 1 mm at 38.4°; insoluble
in water.
Hexachlorobenzene: mol. wt: 284.79; mp. 230; bp: 322 (sublimates);
d: 1.5691; vap. d: 9.8; vap. press: 1 mm at 114.4°; insoluble in
water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene has been reported in samples taken from raw drinking water in the U.S. (ref. 7).
Odor threshold for trichlorobenzene is reported as 3 ppm (ref. 5).
The highest concentration of trichlorobenzene in drinking water reported is 1.0 ug/.l (ref. 2).
Hexachlorobenzene has also been reported in samples taken from river water and from finished drinking water
(ref. 7). Hexachlorobenzene has been detected in birds and is expected to be present in marine organisms (ref. 9).
Hexachlorobenzene is used as a fungicide and in organic syntheses (ref. 8).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Studies with rats indicate that trichlorobenzenes are less toxic than the mono- and di-chlorobenzenes.
Target organs include the liver, kidney, ganglion1 sells and mucous membranes (ref. 5).
Chemical
1,2, 4- trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
LDso
(oral , rat)
756 mg/kg
3,500 mg/kg
Aquatic toxicity
TUn 96:
10-1 ppm (ref. 6)
Hexachlorobenzene has been shown to produce teratogenic effects in animals (ref. 6). The EPA/NIOSH
ordering number based on teratogenicity is 3,111. The lowest dosage reported to produce a teratogenic
response is 500 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering number is 6.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 40 mg/m3 (5 ppm) for 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene are on the EPA Consent Decree List, Priority 2.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/6 = 1.17 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.17 x 104 = 1.76 x 105 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.76 x 105 = 3.52 x 104 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC.H1 = 103 x 40/420 = 95.24 ug/m
EPCAHU - 5/420 = 0.01 ppm
EPCWH1 - 15 x 95.24 = 1,429 ug/1
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 40 = 552 ug/1
EPC
LH
= 0.2 x 552
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 1 = 100 pg/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 = 20
A-576
EPCWE1 = 50 x 1 = 50 ug/1
EPCLE = 0.2 x 50 = 10 ug/g
EPCAT = 103/(6 x 6) = 27.8 ug/m3
EPCWT = 15 x 27.8 = 417
EPC
LT
0.2 x 417 » 83.4 ug/g
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16A160
POLYCHLORINATED BENZENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, f g/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicitv Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.1 7E4
1.76E5
3.52E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
27.8
417
83.4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
l.Ct
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, H9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
95 -
552
no
B Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects i
27.8
417
83.4
tHighest concentration reported in drinking water.
tBased on evidence of teratogenicity for hexachlorobenzene,
. A-577
-------
CATEGORY: 16A WLN:
2-CHLOROTOLUENE: CyHyCl (o-chlorotoluene, 1-methyl-2- STRUCTURE:
chlorobenzene, o-tolyl chloride). 16A180
A colorless liquid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 126.59; mp: -35.1; bp: 159.15; d: 1.0825;
vap. press: 10 mm at 46.2°; slightly soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2-Chlorotoluene is used as a dyestuff intermediate and in organic syntheses (ref. 8).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxicity of 2-ehlorotoluene is similar to that of other aromatic chloro compounds. Animal exposure to
concentrations above 1,000 ppm has resulted in narcotic effects (see ref. 5).
LD5Q (oral, rat): > 1,600 mg/kg (ref. 5).
Aquatic toxlcity: 10 - 1 ppm for p-chlorotoluene (ref. 6).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV * 250 mg/m (50 ppm) based on analogy with other chlorinated benzenes.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
A1r, Health: 2.5 x 105 ug/m3 (50 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 2.5 x 105 » 3.75 x 106 ug/*. Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.75 x 106 » 7.5 x 105 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 * 103 x 250/420 = 600 yg/m3
EPCAH]a = 50/420 = 0.12 ppm
EPCWH1 =• 15 x 600 = 9,000 ug/s.
EPCWH2 =• 13.8 x 250 = 3,450 vg/l
EPCLH = 0.2 x 3,450 = 690 ug/g
A-578
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16A180
2-CHLOROTOLUENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
IMSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(B&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.5E5
(50)
3.75E6
7.5E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
600
(0.12)
3,450
690
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
600
(0.12)
3,450
690
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-579
-------
CATEGORY: 16A WLN:
CHLORONAPHTHALENES: C10H7C1 16A200
1-CHLORONAPHTHALENE: (a-chloronaphthalene). Oily liquid. 16A201 STRUCTURE:
2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE: (p-chloronaphthalene). A solid. 16A202
PROPERTIES:
1-Chloronaphthalene: mol. wt: 162.62; mp: -2»3; bp: 258 8?53
d: 1.19381°; insoluble in water.
2-Chloronaphthalene: mol. wt: 162.62; mp: 61; bp: 256;
d: 1.1377J1; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
1-Chloronaphthalene is used as an immersion liquid in the (microscopic) determination of the refractive
index of crystals, and as a solvent for oils, fats, and DDT (ref. 8).
1-Chloronaphthalene can be formed by the reaction between chlorine and boiling naphthalene (ref. 8).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Chemical
(oral, rat)
(mg/kg)
1-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chloronaphthalene
1,540
2,078
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Chlorinated naphthalene is on the EPA Consent Decree List, Priority 3.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 1,540 = 6.93 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 6.93 x 104 = 1.04 x 106 pg/1
Land, Health: 0.20 x 1.04 x 106 = 2.08 x 105 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 1,540 = 164.8 ug/m3
EPCAR3 = 0.081 x 1,540 = 124.7 yg/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 124.7 * 1,871 ug/1
EPC
EPC
'WH2
LH
= 0.4 x i,540 = 616 yg/1
=0.2 x 616 = 123 yg/g
A-580
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16A200
CHLORONAPHTHALENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A, Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
5.93E4
I.04E6
>.08E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
125
616
123
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
125
616
123.
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-581
-------
CATEGORY: 16A
C12Cln (aroclors}. 16A220
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
Cl
(PCB's) POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS:
Depending on the degree of halogenation, polychlorinated
biphenyls vary from colorless, oily liquids to black
resins.
PROPERTIES:
bp: 278-475; slightly soluble in water; 100 to 1,000 yg/l
(ref. .9). The density, boiling point, and melting point
increase with chlorine content (ref. 11); soluble in lipids
(ref. 11).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Polychlorinated biphenyls are produced by the chlorination of biphenyl. They are remarkably stable and
resist attack by water, acids, and bases. They are not easily biodegraded (ref. 9). Biphenyls may have
1 to 10 attached chlorine atoms, making possible over 200 compounds (ref. 9). Concentrations of PCB's
ranging from 2.0-2.8 yg/fc in the Milwaukee River have been reported; concentration in Lake Michigan is
reported as 0.01 yg/s. (ref. 11).
It is estimated that 41 to 45 percent of the general population of the United States have PCS levels of
1.0 mg/kg or higher in adipose tissue (ref. 9). PCB's are not believed to be naturally occurring compounds,
but are manufactured as mixtures containing specified amounts of chlorine. Such mixtures are referred to
by the trademark name Aroclors followed by a four-digit number; the last two digits of the number indicate
the percentage of chlorine.
PCB's released to the atmosphere are generally adsorbed to particulate matter. PCB level averaged 3 ng/m3
for four U.S. cities between 1968 and 1970 (ref. 15).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Exposure to PCB's can cause acne, respiratory tract irritation and liver injury (ref. 5). PCB's are
considered to be cumulative poisons, and they may be absorbed through the skin (ref. 5). Workers exposed
to 0.1 mg/m of the vapors of Aroclor 1242 experienced effects (ref. 5). Animal studies indicate that acute
toxicity of the PCB's varies with the specific mixture.
Mixture
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
LD-n (oral , rat
buin mg/kg
3,980
4,470
4,250
11,000
)
Mixture
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1262
LD5Q (oral, rat)
in mg/kg
1,295
1,315
11,300
Mixture
Aroclor 1268
Aroclor 2565
Aroclor 4465
LD,-,, (oral , rat)
in mg/kq
10,900
6,310
16,000
Polychlorinated biphenyls have produced carcinogenic responses in rats and mice. The EPA/NIOSH
ordering number for PCB's considered collectively is 4212. The lowest dosage to produce a carcinogenic
effect is 1,200 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering number is 3.5. Teratogenic effects are also reported (ref. 15).
Aquatic Toxicity: The cumulative potential of PCB's is of great concern in considering toxicity to
aquatic life. PCB's at 0.01 yg/i in water have been known to accumulate in fish up to 200,000 times the
water concentration. 96-hr TLm's range generally between 1 and 10 yg/i (ref. 11).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV: 0.5 mg/m (for chlorodiphenyls containing 54% chlorine); 1 mg/m3 for those with 423! chlorine.
PCB's ara the subject of a NIOSH criteria document. The recommendation for occupational exposure to PCB's
is 1 yg/m (ref. 13). Polychlorinated biphenyls are on EPA Consent Decree Priority I List.
EPA 1976 water quality criteria: (J.001 yg/i for freshwater and marine aquatic life and for consumers thereof
(ref. 11).
NAS/NAE 1972 recommended water quality criteria: 0.002 yg/l for protection of aquatic life. PCB concentrations
in whole fish should not exceed 0.5 mg/kg of the wet weight for protection of fish-eating birds and
mammals (ref. 9). EPA Toxic Pollutant Effluent Standards: no discharge permitted based on ambient criterion
of 0.001 yg/i (ref. 14)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 1 yg/m
Water, Health: 5 x 0.001 = 0.005 vg/t
Land, Health: 0.2 x 0.005 » 0.001 yg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 1/420 = 0.0024 ug/m3
EPCWHS =0.001 ug/i
EPC,
EPC
EPC
EPC,
., H = 0.2 x 0.001 = 0.000? yci/q
i_n -j - ^
'AC2
'WC
1C
= 10J/(6 x 3.5) = 48 ug/m°
- 15 x 48 * 714 yg/s.
= 0.2 x 714 = 143 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 0.001 « 0.005 yg/i
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 0.005 = 0.001 yg/g
EPCWES = 0.001 yg/4
EPCLE = 0.2 x 0.001 = 0.0002 ug/g
A-582
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
16A220
POLYCHLORIIMATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs)
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&O Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
l.OEO
5.0E-3
l.OE-3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E-3
l.OE-3
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
0.0024
0.001
0.0002
Based on
Ecological
Effects
0.001
0.0002
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/rn
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
0.001
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
0.001
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
0.0024
0.0002
B Based on
Ecological Effects
0.0002
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
48
714
143
A-583
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 16A
Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons -
Ring Substituted Aromatics
1. Billings, C. E., Technological Sources of Air Pollution. Industrial Pol-
lution, N. I. Sax, Ed., Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., New York, NY (1974J7
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances. Preliminary
Assessment of Suspected Carcinogens in Drinking Water: Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (1975).
3. Irish, D. D. Halogenated Hydrocarbons: II. Cyclic. Industrial Hygiene and
Toxicology, Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2, F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience
Publishers, New York, NY (1963T
4. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
5. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
6. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracor Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
7. ShackeJford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4-76-062, December 1976.
8. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
9. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
10. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Prepared
by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer, IERL-
EPA, Research Triangle Park. N.C. (1976).
11. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Criteria for Water. EPA
440/9-76-023 (1976).
12. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evalua-
tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 7, Lyon, France. A
World Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva, (1974).
A-584
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 16A (Continued)
13. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Criteria for a
Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCB). Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., DHEW Publication No. (NIOSH) 77-225
(1977).
14. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Toxic Pollutant Effluent Standards.
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 129.
15. Fuller, B., J. Gordon, and M. Kornreich. Environmental Assessment of PCBs
in the Atmosphere. Prepared by MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. MITRE Technical Report MTR-7210, Rev. 1
(1976).
A-585
-------
CATEGORY 16
HALOGENATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 16B - Aromatics with Halogenated Alkyl Side Chains
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 4
number of parent compounds with subspecies ]
number of subspecies 3
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 1
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: None
A-587
-------
CATEGORY; 16B WLN: G1R
g-CHLOROTOLUENE: C7H7C1 (benzyl chloride, (chloromethyl)benzene).STRUCTURE:
A colorless liquid with an unpleasant, irritating odor. 16B020
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt: 126.59; mp: -43; bp: 179.3;
?n
d: l.ioa^; vap. d: 4.36; vap. press: 11 mm
at 66°; insoluble in water
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
a-Chlorotoluene decomposes when heated in the presence of iron (ref. 1).
The odor threshold in air for a-chlorotoluene is reported as 0.047 ppm or 0.24 mg/m (ref. 2),
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
a-Chlorotoluene is highly irritating to eyes and upper respiratory tract. At 16 ppm (33 mg/m3) for
1 minute, it is intolerable to man (ref. 3).
LD5Q (oral, rat): 1,231 mg/kg.
LC.JQ (inhalation, rat): 150 ppm for 2 hours; (mouse): 80 ppm for 2 hours.
a-Chlorotoluene is reported to cause tumors in rats. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is
4101. The lowest dose to induce an oncogenic response is reported as 2100 mg/kg. The adjusted
ordering number is 1.9.
Aquatic toxicity: TLm 96: 10-1 ppm (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA, RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 5 mg/m3 (1 ppm).
On Second Priority Chemical List of the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (ref. 5).
- Benzyl chloride is the subject of a NIOSH Criteria Document. The NIOSH recommendation for occupational
exposure is 5 mg/m (1 ppm) as a time-weighted average (ref. 6).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 5.0 x ID3 wg/m3 (1 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 5 x 103 = 7.5 x 104 ug/fc Uater, Ecology: 100 x 1 = 100 ugA
Land, Health: 0.2 x 7.5 x 104 = 1.5 x 104 yg/g Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 103 x 5/420 = 12 yg/m3
EPCAHla = 1/42° = °-002 ppm
EPCWH1 = 15 x 12 = 180 pg/J. EPCWE1 = 50 x ] = 50 U9/I1
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 5 = 69 ug/4
EPCLH = 0.2 x 69 = 13.8 ug/g EPC,_E = 0.2 x 50 = 10 tg/g
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 1.9) = 88 wg/m3
EPCW(; = 15 x 88 = 1,320 ug/l
EPCLC » 0.2 x 1,320 = 264
A- 588
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16B020
a-CHLOROTOLUENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Amb ent Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
5.0E3
7.5E4
1.50E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
12
(0.002)
69
14
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(pprn Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ^9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
12
(0.002)
69
14
B Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
88
1,320
264
A-589
-------
CATEGORY: 168 WLIM:
bliUHUIKOHETHYL) BENZENES: C6H4(CH2C1)2 16B040
1,2- b-u (CHLOROMETHYL) BENZENE: (o-xylene chloride). 16B041 STRUCTURE:
1,3-fcw (CHLOROMETHYL) BENZENE: (m-xylene chloride). 16B042
1,4-to (CHLOROMETHYL) BENZENE: (p-xylene chloride). 16B043
d.
PROPERTIES:
mol.wt. mp. bp.
1,2-b-i* (chloromethyl) benzene: 175.07 55 239-41
1,3- ttci (chloromethyl) benzene: 175.07 34.2 250-5
1,4- 6.ci (chloromethyl) benzene: 175.07 100 240-5d
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
water
solubility
1.393 insoluble
1.302 insoluble
1.417 insoluble
1,2-bis(chloromethyl) benzene
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
1,3-bis(chloromethyl) benzene
ci
1,4-bis(chloromethyl) benzene
Toxicological data for bis (chloromethyl) benzenes are not available at this time. However,
lexicological characteristics of bis (chloromethyl) benzenes are likely to be similar to those of
oi-chlorotoluene because of the chemical structure similarity. TLV's for toluene and xylene indicate
that toxic potential is not increased by additional substitution on the benzene ring. Data for
related compounds are shown below.
TLV LD50 (oral, rat)
Chemical
toluene
xylenes(o,m,p)
monochlorobenzene
a-chlorotoluene
REGULATORY ACTIONS,
(mg/m3
375
435
350
5
') (ppm)
100
100
75
1
STANDARDS. CRITERIA,
(mg/kg)
5,000
5,000
2,910
1,231
, RECOGNITION.
Aquatic toxicity
(ppm)
100-10
100-10
100-1
10-1
CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 5 mg/m3 (1 ppm) for a-chlorotoluene.
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 6.9 x 10 ug/m (1 ppm)
Water, Health: 15 x 6.9 x 103 = 1.04 x TO5 yg/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.04 x 105 = 2.1 x 104 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 1 = 100 yg/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/9
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCwn = 103 x 6.9/420 = 16 vg/m3
.ui
An I a
= V420 = 2.38 x 10~3 ppm
EPC.,m = 15 x 16 = 240 ug/1
Wn I
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 6.9 = 95 u9/1
EPCLH = 0.2 x 95 = 19 ug/g
*Based on data for i-chlorotoluene;
EPCWE1 = 50 x 1 = 50 ug/1
EPCL£ = 0.2 x 50 = 10 '^g
, .383
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
16B040
bis (CHLOROMETHYL) BENZENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALSt
Air, ^g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
6.9E3
(i.o)
1.04E5
2.1E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
16
(0.002)
95
19
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS A
*\
Air, ug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
17 -
(2.38 x 10" )
99
20
B Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
Ml. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t Based on data for a-chlorotoluene.
A-591
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 16B
Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons -
Aromatics with Halogenated Alkyl Side Chains
1. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and
Drugs, Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
2. Billings, C. E. Technological Sources of Air Pollution. Industrial Pollution,
N. I. Sax, Ed., Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., New York, NY (1974).
3. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
4. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
5. Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology. Second Priority List. Chemical
Industry Institute of Toxicology: Annual Report. Research Triangle Park, NC
(1976).
6. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Criteria for a
Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Benzyl Chloride. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-182 (1978).
A-592
-------
CATEGORY 17
AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 17A - Simple Aromatic Nitro Compounds
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory
number of parent compounds with subspecies.
number of subspecies
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
11
2
9
0
0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory:
17A020 Nitrobenzene
17A081 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
17A082 3,4-Dinitrotoluene
17A083 2,3-Dinitrotoluene
17A084 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
17A085 2,5-Dinitrotoluene
17A086 3,5-Dinitrotoluene
A-593
-------
CATEGORY: 17A WLN: WNR
NITROBENZENE: CgHgNOg. 17A020 STRUCTURE:
A colorless to pale yellow, oily Hquld or bright yellow crystals with
odor similar to volatile oil of almonds.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 123.11; mp: 6; bp: 210-11; d: 1205; vap. press: 1 m
at 44.4; vap. d: 4.25; soluble in about 500 parts water; volatile with steam.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
All nitro compounds are potentially explosive.
The odor threshold in air for nitrobenzene is 0.0047 ppm or 23 wg/m3 (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Nitrobenzene is toxic by ingestlon and by Inhalation. It is readily absorbed through the skin. Effects
of exposure Include cyanosis, methemoglobinemia, and central nervous system effects (ref. 2).
A woman 1s reported to have experienced blood effects as a result of Ingesting 200 mg/kg of nitrobenzene (ref. 3).
LD
Lo
75°
LDLo (oral, rabbit): 700 mg/kg.
Aquatic toxicity: TLm 96: 100-10 ppm.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Nitrobenzene is on EPA Consent Decree Priority III List.
TLV « 5 mg/m3 (1 ppm) skin.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
A1r, Health:
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
5.0 x 103 ng/m3 (1 ppm)
15 x 5.0 x 103 = 7.5 x 104 yg/n
0.2 x 7.5 x 104 = 1.5 x 104 yg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 10 • 1.0 x 103 yg/2
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1.0 x 10 - 200 yg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 10J x 5/420
EPC
'AHla
1/420
EPCWH1 = 15 x 12
EPC,
'UH2
EPCLH = 0.2 x 69
12 yg
0.002 ppm
! 180 yg/l
13.8 x 5 = 69 yg/z
14 yg/g
EPCWE1 = 50 x 10 = 500
EPC.E = 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
A-594
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
17A020
NITROBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, t/g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
5.0E3
(D
7.5E4
1.5E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E3
2.0E2
B Ambient Le^el Goal*
B«ed on
Health Effects
12
(0.002)
69
14
Based on
Ecological
Effects
500
100
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, Mg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
6. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Sated on
Health Effects
12
(0.002)
69
14
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
500
100
Ml. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-595
-------
CATEGORY: 17A
NITROTOLUENES: C7H?N02 (methylnitrobenzenes). 17A040
2-NITROTOLUENE: yellow liquid. 17A041
3-NITROTOLUENE: liquid. 17A042
4-NITROTOLUENE: yellowish crystals. 17A043
2-Nitrotoluene
(o-nitrotoluene)
WLN: WNR B; WNR C; WNR D
STRUCTURE:
3-N1trotoluene
(m-nitrotoluene)
4-Nitrotoluene
(p-nitrotoluene)
20
PROPERTIES:
2-nitro toluene
3-nitro toluene
4-nitro toluene
iiol . wt.
137.13
137.13
137.13
mp
-10
15.5
53-54
bp
222
231.9
238
«4
1.163
1.157
1.286
•Jater Solubility
insoluble
0.5 g/i water
insoluble
vap. d
4.72
4.72
4.72
vap. press.
1 mm at 50°
1 mm at 50.2°
1 mm at 53.7°
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
All nitro compounds are potentially explosive.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
The nitrotoluenes are low-grade methemoglobin formers; cases of poisoning are uncommon. They are signifi-
cantly less toxic than nitrobenzene; however, the different isomers exhibit different levels of toxicity
(ref. 4). They can be absorbed through the intact skin and the respiratory tract (ref. 5).
2-nitrotoluene
3-nitrotoluene
"4-nitrotoluene
LD5Q (oral, rat)
891 rag/kg
1,072 mg/kg
2,144 mg/kg
Aquatic toxicity
TLm 96: 100-10 ppm
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV « 30 mg/m3 (5 ppm).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 3.0 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
(5 ppm)
15 x 3.0 x 104 = 4.5 x 105 ug/fc
0.2 x 4.5 x 105 = 9.0 x 104 wg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
100 x 10
0.2 x 1.0 x 10'
1.0 x 10J ug/i
3 - 200 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 '
EPCAHla
EPCWH1 '
EPCWH2 '
EPCLH -
103 x 30/420 = 71 ug/m3
= 5/420 =0.01 ppm
15 x 71 = 1,065 yg/1
13.8 x 30 = 414 yg/l
0.2 x 414 = 83 ug/g
EPCWE1 * 50 x 10 = 500 vg/i
0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
A-596
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
17A040
NITROTOLUENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ftg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.0E4
(5)
4.5E5
9.0E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
71
(0.01)
414
83
Based on
Ecological
Effects
500
100
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
71
(0.01)
414
83
B Based on
Ecological Effects
500
100
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-597
-------
WLN: WNR DR
STRUCTURE:
CATEGORY: 17A
4-NITROBIPHENYL: C^HgNOg (p-nitrobiphenyl, 4-nitrodiphenyl).
Crystallizes as yellow needles from ethanol. 17A060
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 199.21; mp: 114-114.5; bp: 340 at 760 mm;
insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
4-Nitrobiphenyl is reduced in the presence of activated iron to the corresponding amine.
All nitro compounds are potentially explosive.
There is evidence that 4-nitrobiphenyl is metabolized in vivo to 4-aminobiphenyl, a highly carcinogenic
aromatic amine (ref. 6).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LD5Q (oral, rat): 2,230 mg/kg.
4-Nitrobiphenyl is recognized as one of the more potent human bladder carcinogens (ref. 4). Human bladder
cancer has been linked with occupational exposure. In high concentrations (5,500 mg/kg), the compound has
produced bladder cancer in dogs (refs. 3,7). The EPA/NIOSH ordering number for 4-nitrobiphenyl is 7212.
Considering carcinogenic potential of 4-nitrobiphenyl together with that of its metabolite, 4-aminodiphenyl,
the EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 7526, and the lowest dosage resulting in an oncogenic response is 140 mg/kg.
The adjusted ordering number for the compounds considered collectively is 54.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
4-Nitrobiphenyl is classified by ACGIH as a human carcinogen. No TLV has been assigned; because of the
high incidence of cancer, no exposure by any route should be permitted.
4-Nitrobiphenyl is the subject of a NIOSH Hazard Review Document (ref. 7).
4-Nitrobiphenyl is designated by OSHA as a cancer suspect agent; special precautions for exposed workers
are prescribed (ref. 8).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 10/54
1.3 x 103 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.3 x 10
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.0 x 104
2.0 x 10 yg/z
4.0 x 103ug/g -
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
band, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC.H? = 0.107,x 2,230 = 239 yg/m3
EPCflH3 = 0.081 x 2,230
EPCWH1
EPC,
EPC
15 x 180
180 yg/nr
2,700 yg/n
WH2
x 2,230 = 890 yg/n
LH = 0.2.-* 890 = 178 ug/g
EPCAC2 = 103/;(6 x 54) = 3 yg/m3
EPCWC = 15 x 3 = 45 yg/S.
EPCLC = 0.2 x 45 - 9 ug/g
A-598
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
17A060
4-NITROBIPHENYL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.3E3
2.0E4
4.0E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
3
45
9
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /;g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
180
890
178
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
3
45
9
A-599
-------
CATEGORY:
17A
PINITROTOLUENES: CjHgN^. 17A080
01n1troto1uenes crystallize mainly In the form of yellow needles
from ethanol or carbon dlsulflde.
2,6-DINITROTOLUENE: 17A081
3,4-DINITROTOLUENE: 17A082
2,3-DINITROTOLUENE: 17A083
17A084
17A085
17A086
WIN:
STRUCTURE:
CH,
2,4-DINITROTOLUENE:
2,5-DINITROTOLUENE:
3,5-DINITROTOLUENE:
PROPERTIES:
2,6-01nitrotoluene
3,4-D1n1trotoluene
All Isomers
Mol. wt.
182.14
182.14
182.14
mp
66
58.3
52-93
bp
sublimes
to 300° C
d _,
1.283
1.259
1.259-
1.321
solubility
Insoluble
insoluble
to slightly
soluble
vap. d.
6.27
(for 2,4
Isomer)
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
All nltro compounds are potentially explosive.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxic effects of dinitrotoluenes are similar to those of other aromatic nitro compounds. It causes
central nervous system and blood disorders (ref. 4).
Dinitrotoluenes may be absorbed through the skin.
2,3-dinitrotoluene
2, 4-d1 nitro toluene
2, 5-di nitro toluene
2,6-dinitrotoluene
3,4-dinitrotoluene
3,5-dinitrotoluene
LDgQ (oral, rat)
1,122 mg/kg
268 mg/kg
707 mg/kg
177 mg/kg
177 mg/kg
Aquatic toxicity
TLm 96: 100-10 ppm
TLm 96: 100-10 ppm
TLm 96: 100-10 ppm
TLm 96: 100-10 ppm
TLm 96: 100-10 ppm
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Dinitrotoluenes are on EPA Consent Decree Priority III List.
TLV =1.5 mg/m (By analogy with limits recommended for nitro and dinitro-benzenes).
On First Priority Chemicals List of the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (ref.10).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
1.5 x 103 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.5 x 103 = 2.25 x 104
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.25 x 104 = 4.5 x 103
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
100 x 10 = 1.0 x 10 ug/n
0.2 x 1.0 x 103 = 200 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
AH1
EPCWH1
EPCWH2
EPC,
LH
= 10° x 1.5/420 = 3.6 yg/nT
* 15 x 3.6 = 54 ug/l
= 13.8 x 1.5 * 21
0.2 x 21 =4 yg/g
EPCWE1 = 50 x 10 = 500 yg/i
EPCLE = 0.2 x 500 = TOO ug/g
A-600
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
17A080
DINITROTOLUENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ug/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppmWt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
IR&DGoals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.5E3
2.25E4
4.5E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E3
2.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Bised on
Health Effects
3.6
21
4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
500
100
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, tfg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
3.6
21
4
B Based on
Ecological Effects
500
100
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-601
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 17A
Aromatic Nitro Compounds - Simple Aromatic Nitro Compounds
1. Billings, C. E. Technological Sources of Air Pollution. Industrial
Pollution. N. I. Sax, Ed., Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., New York, NY (1974).
2. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
3. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic.Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, M
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
4. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
5. Hamblin, D. 0. Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds. Industrial Hygiene and
Toxicology, Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2, F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience
Publishers, New York, NY (1963^
6. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evalua-
tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 4, Lyon, France. A World
Health Organization (WHO), Geneva (1974).
7. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor. Hazard
Review Document. Federal Register 39, No. 20, 3756-3757 (1974).
8. U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Toxic
and Hazardous Substances. Title 29 Code Federal Regulations, Part 1910.
9. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
10. Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology. Second Priority List. Chemical
Industry Institute of Toxicology: Annual Report. Research Triangle Park,
NC (1976).
A-602
-------
CATEGORY 17
AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 17B - Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Other Functional Groups
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 5
number of parent compounds with subspecies 1
number of subspecies 3
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 5
17B021 l-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzene
17B022 l-Methoxy-3-nitrobenzene
17B023 l-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzene
17B040 l-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene
17B060 l-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene
A-603
-------
CATEGORY: 176 WLN:
rctIHUXYiTTTROBENZENES: C7H7N03 (nitroanisoles, nitro-
phenyl methyl ethers). 17B020 STRUCTURE:
l-METHOXY-2-MTROBENZENE: Colorless to yellowish liquid. 17B021
l-HETHOXY-3-NITROBENZENE: Crystals. 17B022
l-METHOXY-4-NITROBENZENE: Crystals. 17B023
0-CH
PROPERTIES:
mol
wt.
t
up.
l-methoxy-2-nitrobenzene 153.1 10.45
l-methoxy-3-nitrobenzene 153.1 38.9
l-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene 153.1 54
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS.
b
d:
solubility
in water
276. 8757 1.254020 insoluble
258 1.37318 insoluble
274 1.219|° insoluble
ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Methoxynitrobenzenes are used as intermediates in dye synthesis and
in general organic synthesis (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LDSO (oral, mammal): 4,700 mg/kg for l-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene (ref. 2).
Aryl-substituted anisoles such as l-methoxy-3-nitrobenzene and l-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene are
reported to be demethylated to form the phenols, which are excreted largely as the glucuronates
and ethereal sulfates (ref. 3).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Nitrobenzenes are on the EPA Consent Decree List, Priority 3.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 4,700 = 2.12 x 105 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 2.12 x 105 = 3.18 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.18 x 106 = 6.4 x 105ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC,
EPC,
EPC
'AH2
'AH3
VIH1
'UH2
LH
0.107 x 4,700 = 503 ug/m
0.081 x 4,700 = 381 ug/m
15 x 381 = 5,715 ug/1
0.4 x 4,700 = 1,880 ug/1
= 0.2 x 1,880 = 376 ug/g
A-604
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
17B020
METHOXYNITROBENZENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.12E5
3.18E6
6.4E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
381
1,880
376
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, A/g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
381
1,880
376
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-605
-------
CATEGORY: 17B
l-CHLORO-2-HITRQBENZENE: C6H4N02C1 (o-chloronitrobenzene).
Yellow crystals. 17B040
WLN: WNR B6
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 157.6; mp: 32-33; bp: 245-246; d: 1.305;
Insoluble In water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
All nitro compounds are potentially explosive.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
Intoxication from l-chloro-2-nitrobenzene may be serious. It can cause poisoning by the pulmonary route,
and its effects are cumulative. Cyanosis and blood changes also occur. Acute toxicity is more severe than
for l-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (ref. 4).
L050 toral, rat): 288 mg/kg.
Aquatic toxicity: TLm 96: 1,000-100 ppm.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Chlorobenzenes and nitrobenzenes are on the EPA Consent Decree List, Priorities 2 and 3, respectively.
TLV for l-chloro-4-nitrobenzene is 1 mg/m (0.16 ppm).
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 1.0 x 103 yg/m3 (0.16 ppm)
Water, Health: 15 x 1.0 x 103 = 1.5 x 104 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.5 x Id4 = 3.0 x 103
ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 100 » 1.0 x 104 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1.0 x 10 = 2.0 x 103 ug/g
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
'AH1
AHla
10J x 1/420 =2.38 ug/mj
0.16/420
3.8 x 10~4 ppm
EPCWH1 = 15 x 2.38 = 35.7 Hg/l
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 1 = 13.8 j,g/l
0.2 x 13.8 * 2.76 yg/g
EPC,
1H
EPC,
'WEI
50 x 100 = 5,000 pg/l
EPCLE = 0.2 x 5,000 = 1.0 x 103 wg/g
A-606
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
17B040
1-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS t
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
IMSPS. BPT. BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.0E3
(0.16)
1.5E4
3.0E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E4
2.0E3
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
2:4
(0.0004;
14
3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5,000
1,000
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background2
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS t
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
2.4
(0.0004)
14
3
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
5,000
1,000
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Health values based on TLV for l-chloro-4-nitrobenzene.
A-607
-------
CATEGORY: 178 WLN: WNR DG
l-CHLQRO-4-NITROBENZENE: C«H^N02C1 (p-chloronitrobenzene,
p-nitrochlorobenzene). 17B060 STRUCTURE:
A yellowish crystal.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 157.56; mp: 83.6; bp: 242760; d: 1.2979;
vap.d: 5.43; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
l-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene can be formed from chlorobenzene and fuming HN03 (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES, HEALTH EFFECTS:
l-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene is a CNS depressant and a sensitizer (ref. 5). When heated it emits" toxic
fumes of NO and chlorides (ref. 4). Like nitrobenzene, l-chloro-'V-nitrobenzene may be absorbed through
the skin as well as through the lungs and gives rise to methemoglobin. Cyanoses, headache, and weakness
result from exposure (ref. 6).
LDrg (oral, mouse): 1,4J4 mg/kg
Aquatic toxicity: Aquatic toxicity is likely to be similar to that of l-chloro-2-nitrobenzene.
TLm 96: 1,000-100 ppm for l-chloro-2-nitrobenzene.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 1 mg/m3 (0.16 ppm)
Chlorobenienes and nitrobenzenes are on the EPA Consent Decree List, Priorities 2 and 3,
respectively.
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 1.0 x 10 \ig/m (0.16 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.0 x 103 = 1.5 x 104 ug/1 Water, Ecology: 100 x 100 = 1.0 x 104 pg/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.5 x 104 = 3.0 x 103 (jg/g Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1.0 x 104 = 2.0 x 103 pg/g
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC.U1 = 103 x 1/420 = 2.38 ug/m3
Anl
EPCAHla * °-16/420 = 3-8 x 10"4 ppm
EPCWH1 * 15 x 2.38 = 35.7 ug/1 EPCyE1 = 50 x 100 = 5,000 ug/1
EPCWH2 ' 13.8 x 1 - 13.8 yg/1
EPCLH = 0.2 x 13.8 = 2.76 ug/g EPCLE = 0.2 x 5,000 = 1.0 x 103 yg/g
* Ecology values based on TLm-96 for l-chloro-2-n.Urpbenzene.
A-6d80t
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
17B060
1-CHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engmeenng Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.0E3
(0.16)
1.5E4
3.0E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E4
2.0E3
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
2.4
(0.0004;
14
3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5,000
1,000
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, Mg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, //g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
2.4
(0.0004)
14
3
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
5,000
1,000
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-609
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 17B
Aromatic Nitro Compounds -
Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Other Functional Groups
Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
Hake, C. L., and V. K. Rowe. Ethers. Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.
Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2. F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers,
New York, NY (196TT
Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
Plunkett, E. R. Handbook of Industrial Toxicology, Second Edition, Chemical
Publishing Company, Inc., New York (1976).
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
A-610
-------
CATEGORY 18
PHENOLS
SUBCATEGORY: 18A - Monohydrics
Summary of Subcategbry
Total number of compounds in subcategory 24
number of parent compounds with subspecies 6
number of subspecies 21
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 1
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 2
18A020 Phenol
18A142 2,4-Xylenol
A-611
-------
CATEGORY:
ISA
WLN: QR
STRUCTURE:
PHENOL: C6H50 (carbolic acid, hydroxybenzene, oxybenzene,
phenic acid, phenylic acid, phenyl hydroxide). 18A020
Colorless needles, characteristic odor; reddens on exposure
to air and light.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 94.11; nip: 43; bp: 181.75; d: 1.072 at 20°/4
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18A020
PHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, 0g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ;jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Heal* Effects
1.9E4
(5)
5.0EO
l.OE 0
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Bawd on
Health Effects
45
(0.01)
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
100
20
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ^.g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
lf
B Based on
Ecological Effects
TOO1"
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
45
(0.01)
260
0.2
B Based on
Ecological Effects
500
20
Ml. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic compounds,
A-613
-------
CATEGORY: ISA
18A040
CRESOLS: C?H80 (cresylic acid, methylphenol, hydroxytoluene)
m-CRESOL: colorless or yellowish liquid, phenolic odor. 18A041
o-CRESOL: crystals or liquid, phenolic odor. 18A042
p-CRESOL: crystals, phenolic odor. 18A043
PROPERTIES: ,
Molecular wt: 108.37; density^: 1.034-1.047;
vap. d: 3.72; soluble in water.
ortho
meta
mp
bp
vap. press.
m-cresol
o-cresol
p-cresol
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Cresols are methyl-substituted hydroxy benzene compounds, i.e., methyl phenols.
11 t
30 '
35.5
1
202 0.153 mm at 25°C
191
201 8
0.245 mm at 25°C
0.108 mm at 25°C
Ortho, meta and para compounds
occur. The meta isomer predominates in mixtures (ref. 2).
Odor recognition level for cresols ranges from 0.9 to 1.21 mg/mj or 0.20 to 0.27 ppm (ref. 12). The odor
threshold in air for p-cresol is reported as 0.001 ppm or 4 ug/m (ref. 1). Threshold limit for the detection of
odor in aqueous solution is reported as 0.00025 mg/z (ref. 3).
Cresols are obtained from coal tar (ref. 2). Due to the low vapor pressure and disagreeable odor, cresols
usually do not present an acute inhalation hazard (ref. 3).
Cresols are highly resistant to biological oxidation (ref. 13).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
Toxic properties of cresols are similar to those of phenol. Cresols may be absorbed through the skin.
Respiratory hazard is low because of low volatility. Absorption may cause damage to liver, kidney and
nervous system (ref. 5). Order of toxicity beginning with most toxic is reported to be as follows:
p-cresol; o-cresol; phenol; m-cresol (ref. 14).
m-cresol
o-cresol
p-cresol
LD50 (oral, rat)
242 mg/kg
121 mg/kg
207 mg/kg
Toxicity to aquatic life: tainting of fish may result from concentrations of 0.07 mg/z of mixed cresol
isomers (ref. 4). The toxic concentration of p-cresol is 5 ppm for rainbow trout (ref. 15). The 96-hour
LC5g for p-cresol is reported as 19 mg'/z (ref. 16). For mixed cresol isomers, the 96-hour TLm is reported
as 10-1 ppm (ref. 6).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERJA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV for cresol (all isomers):22 mg/mj (5 ppm)., Cresol is the subject of a NIOSH Criteria Document. The NIOSH
recommendation for occupational exposure is 10 mg/m (ref. 20).
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/Z of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic water supply
(welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 10).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/z of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to prevent odor
from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration no greater than
100 ug/z at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols) (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962—Levels for alternate source selection: 1 ug/z
(for phenols)(ref. 11).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 1.0 x 10
( 2 PP"i)
Water, Health: 5 x 1 * 5 ug/z
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 * 1 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
100 x 5 « 500 ug/z
0.2 x 500 - 100 vo/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1
EPCAH1.
EPCWHl'
EPCWH2 » 13.8 x
10 x 10/420 = 24 ug/m
2/420 * 0.005 ppm
15 x 24 = 360 ug/z
10 = 138 ug/z
= 1 ug/z (phenolic compounds)
EPCLH = 0.2 x 1
0.2 ug/9
EPC,
'WEI
50 x 1 * 50 ug/z
EPCWE2 = 70 ug/z (to prevent tainting)
EPC
EPC
'WES
LE =
100 ug/z (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 50 = 10 ug/g
A-614
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
18A040
CRESOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.0E4
(2)
5.0EO
l.OE 0
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Btted on
Health Effects
24
(0.005)
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background"
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS »
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
It
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
loot
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
24
(0.005)
138
0.2
B Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic compounds.
A-615
-------
CATEGORY! ISA
z-pibiHUXYPriENOL: C7H302 (2-hydroxy am'sole, gualacol,
l-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene, methylcatechol). 18A060
A clear, pale yellow liquid or solid, with a mild
aromatic odor.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular"wt: 124.15; mp: 32; bp: 205.05760; d: 1.1287;
vap.d: 4.27; vap.p: 100 mm at 144°; slightly soluble in
water.
WLN: QR 801
STRUCTURE:
o
,0—CH,
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Methoxyphenols have been identified in samples taken from river water and from finished
drinking water (ref. 17). It is formed from the destructive distillation of hardwoods (ref. 18).
Uses of 2-methoxyphenol include antioxidant, antigumming agent in hydrocarbon solvents,
oxidation control in printing-ink, and chemical intermediate. It also has antiseptic properties.
and has been used medically as an expectorant and antipyretic agent (ref. 18).
Methoxyphenol in air can be trapped by passing the sample through an organic solvent or
through sodium hydroxide for collection. Vapor phase or paper chromatography and mass
spectrometry are used for specific circumstances (ref. 18).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
2-Methoxyphenol is reported to be about one-third as toxic as phenol and to have pharmacological
properties quite similar to phenol. Medical experience indicates that toxic quantities can be
absorbed through the skin quite readily. It is severely injurious to the eyes. It is not likely
that vapor inhalation would constitute a serious hazard. In general, the material may be more
hazardous to human beings than to lower animals. In one case, a 9-yr old girl died after swallowing
5 ml (ref. 18).
LDSO (oral, rat):* 725 mn/kq (ref. 2).
„ ™Suati,c t°x1c1ty: 2-methoxyphenol is reported to cause tainting of fish flesh at a level of
0.082 mg/£ (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 vg/1 of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for
domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 10).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/1 of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources
to prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life:
Concentration no greater than 100 ug/1 at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962—Levels for alternate source selection-
1 ug/1 (ref. 11).
45 x 725 = 3.26 x 104 ug/m3
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXIC1TY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 = 500 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
_3
EPC
EPC
EPC,
EPC
,AH2 = 0.107 x 725 = 77.6 ug/mj
'AH3
'WHl
'WH2
0.081 x 725 = 58.7 ug/m3
15 x 58.7 = 881.ug/1
0.4 x 725 » 290
1 ug/1 (phenolic compounds)
EPC. u « 0.2 x 1 = 0.2 ug/g
Ln
EPCWE2 = 82 ug/1 (to prevent tainting)
EPC
EPC
'WES
IE
: 100 ug/1 (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 82 = 16.4
A-616
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18A060
2-METHOXYPHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, A/g/l
(ppm Wt>
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.26E4
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
58.7
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
82
16
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
It
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
loot
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
58.7
290
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
82
16
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic compounds.
A-617
-------
CATEGORY: ISA WLN:
ETHYLPHENflLS: C8H100 (ethylhydroxy benzenes). 18A080
o-ETHYLPHENOL: (2-ethylphenol). Colorless liquid, with
phenolic odor. 18A081
m-ETHYLPHENOL: (3-ethylpnenol). A liquid, phenolic odor. 18A082
p-ETHYLPHENOL: (4-ethylphenol). Colorless needles. 18A083
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES;
mol.wt.
mp. bp.
d.
solubility
in water
o-ethylphenol 122.17~'"<-18 207 1.037l*r insoluble
m-ethylphenol 122.17 -4 214 1.0283|° slightly
p-ethylphenol 122.17 47-8 219 — slightly
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
ro-sthylphenol
p-ethylphenol
o-Ethylphenol is reported to have toxic action similar to, but less severe than phenol (ref. 2).
lexicological data for ethylphenols are not available at this time. However, lexicological charac-
teristics are likely to be most similar to those of cresols because of the chemical structure similarity.
Chemical
o-cresol
m-cresol
p-cresol
LDSO (oral, rat)
(mg/bg)
121
242
207
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 22 mg/m3 (5 ppm) for cresol (all isomers). NIOSH recommendation is 10 mg/m3 for cresols.
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 yg/l of phenol (including phenolic compounds for
domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 10).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water quality Criteria: 1 ug/1 of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources
to prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life:
Concentration no greater than 100 jjg/1 at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 4-).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/1 (ref. 11).
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 10 x 103 = 1.0 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 M9/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 = 500 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/1
' ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 - 10° x 10/420 " 24 yg/mj
EPCWH1 - 15 x 24 * 360 yg/l
EPCWH2 » 13.8 x 10 * 138 yg/l
EPCWHS = 1 ug/1 (phenolic compounds)
EPCLH • 0.2 x 1 • 0.2 ug/g
EPCWE1 • 50 x 1 > 50 yg/l
EPCWE2 « 1 yg/l
100 yg/l (phenolic compounds)
• 0.2 x 1 a 0.2 ug/g
EPC
LE
A-618
•Values for health and ecology for ethylphenols are based on data for cresols.
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
18A080
ETHYLPHENOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, Mg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, Mg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute j.
Toxicity Effluent 4.
Based on
Health Effects
1.0E4
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal* t
Based on
Health Effects
24
1.0
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0
0.2
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ^g/g
(ppm Wt)
\. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
It
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
loot
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
24
138
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
1.0
0.2
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Bated on Health Effects
r»i t • I
Phenolic compounds.
tBased on data for cresols
A-619
-------
CATEGORY: 18A
PHENYLPHENOLS: CgHgCgH^OH (hydroxybiphenyls, biphenylols)
o-PHENYLPHENOL: white, flaky crystals; mild,
characteristic odor. 18A101
p-PHENYLPHENOL: needles. 18A102
m-PHENYLPHENOL: needles. 18A103
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt: 170.21; insoluble in water.
WLN: QR BR; QR CR; QR DR
STRUCTURE:
o-phenyl phenol
p-phenyl phenol
m-phenyl phenol
mp
58-60
165-167
78
bp
286
305-8
subl imes
>300
d
1.213
vap. press.
1 mm at 100°C
10 mm at 176°C
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Phenylphenols are monosubstituted phenolic compounds. Ortho, meta, and para phenylphenols
are formed.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
The toxic properties of phenylphenols are probably similar to those of the other phenols. Animal
studies indicate that acute and chronic toxicity is mild for o-phenylphenol (ref. 3).
L050 (oral, rat): 2,700 mg/kg (for o-phenylphenol).
Neoplastic effects have resulted from the subcutaneous administration to mice of 1,000 mg/kg of the
para isomer. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3101; the adjusted ordering number is 3.1.
Tainting of fish flesh may result from concentrations of 1 mg/« of o-phenylphenol (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 vg/a of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 10).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/fc of phenolic compounds in public water suoply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 ug/i at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. *).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/z (ref. 11).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/z
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 ug/g
7 x 104/3.1 = 2.25 x 104 yg/m3
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 = 500 vg/
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
AH2
CAH3
= 0.107 x 2,700 = 290 ug/m3
EPCUH1 = 15 x 220
3,300 jg/«
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 2,700 =• 1,080 ug/i
EPC,
'WHS
1 ug/2 (phenolic compounds)
EPC. = 0.2 x 1 = 0-2 yg/g
LH ,
EPCAC, = 10J/(6 x 3.1) = 54
EPC,,. = 15 x 54 = 810 ug/t
EP!
1C
0.2 x 810 = 162 ug/g
EPC
LE
A-620
= 1,000 ug/« (to prevent tainting)
= 100 ug/i (phenolic compounds)
= 0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18A100
PHENYLPHENOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Exilting Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Eitimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.25E4
5.0EO
l.OEO
Baud on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
54
1.0
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
100
20
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, Mg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, iug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
1*
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
lOO"1"
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
220
1,080
0.2
8. Based on
Ecological Effects
1,000
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
54
810
162
Phenolic compounds.
A-621
-------
CATEGORY: ISA WLIM: QR BR BQ
2.2'-OIHYDROXYDIPHENYL: C12H1002. (2,2'-biphenyldiol). 18A120 STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 186; MP: 109; bp:325-326 755
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
The toxic properties of 2,2'-dihydroxydiphenyl are probably similar to those of other phenols.
LD50 (oral, rat): 785 mg/kg for biphenyldiol (ref. 6).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION, CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/l of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 10).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria- 1 ug/l of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to prevent
odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent fish tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration no
greater than 100 ug/l at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/l (ref. 11).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOX1CITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 785 = 3.5 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 5x1=5 vq/i
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1.0 Mg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 = 500 u9/«
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 785 = 34 ug/m3
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 785 = 63.6 ug/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 63.6 = 954 ug/«
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 785 = 314 ug/i
EPCUHS = 1 Ug/'t (phenolic compounds)
EPC
LH
= 0.2 x 1 = 0.2 ug/g
EPC,
A-622
IE
100 (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18A120
2,2'-DIHYDROXYDIPHENYL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, Mg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Doveloping Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.5E4
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
64
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
TOO
20
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/'g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
It
B Based on
Ecological Effects
loot
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
64
314
0.2
B Based on
Ecological Effects
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tPhenolic compounds,
A-623
-------
CATEGORY:
ISA
XYLENOLS: C8H100.
benzenes). 13A140
(dimethylphenols, dimethylhydroxy-
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
Colorless or white crystals or needles.
2,3-XYLENOL: (1 ,2-d1methyl-3-hydroxy benzene; 2,3-dimethylphenol). 18A141
-2,4-XYLENOL: (2, 4-dimethyl -1-hydroxy benzene; 2, 4-dimethyl phenol). 18A142
2,5-XYLENOL: (1 ,4-dimethyl-2-hydroxy benzene; 2,5-dlmethylphenol). 18A143
2,6-XYLENOL: (1 ,3-d1methyl-2-hydroxy benzene; 2, 6-dimethyl phenol). 18A144
3,5-XYLENOL: (1 ,3-d1methyl-5-hydroxy benzene; 3, 5-d1methyl phenol). 18A145
3,4-XYLENOL; (1 ,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxy benzene; 3, 4-dimethyl phenol). 18A146
PROPERTIES:
2
2
2
2
3
3
,3-XYLENOL
,4-XYLENOL
,5-XYLENOL
,6-XYLENOL
,5-XYLENOL
,4-XYLENOL
mol
122.
122.
122.
122.
122.
122.
wt.
17
17
17
17
17
17
mp
75
27-8
75
49
68
66-8
bp d vap. press: water solubility
218
210
211
212
219
225
760
760
5762
760
.5sub
760
0.9650^°
0.968020 Immat. 62.0°C
0.983020
slightly
slightly
soluble
soluble
soluble
slightly
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Xylenols are d1substituted phenols.
Several Isomers are formed since numerous substitution site combinations are possible.
The properties of the various isomers differ somewhat. Xylenols will probably occur in combination.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxic properties of the xylenols are similar to those of phenol and other phenolic compounds. The
lowest LD50 (oral, rat) reported for a specific xylenol is 296 mg/kg for 2,6-xylenol. It is probable that
mixtures of the various isomers would prove less toxic than 2,6-xylenol.
Oncogenic effects have been reported as a result of animal exposure via skin to five specific xylenol isomers.
Considering the compounds collectively the EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3115, and the lowest dosage resulting
in an oncogenic response is 4,000 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering number is 0.3.
Aquatic toxicity: 96-hr LC5Q for fat head minnow: 14 mg/i (ref. 16). ,
Tainting of fish flesh may result from concentrations of 1 to 5 mg/£ in water (ref. 19).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANOARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 yg/n of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 10).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 vg/i of nhenolic compounds in public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 ug/i at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/i (ref. 11).
2,4-Xylenol appears on the EPA Consent Decree List, Priority 2.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
45 x 296 • 1.3 x 104 ug/m3
5x1=5 vg/i
0.2 x 5 = 1.0 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 » 500 ug/i
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 « 100 yg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 296 = 32 ug/mj
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 296 = 24 ug/m3
EPCWH] » 15 x 24 = 360 ug/i
EPCWH2 « 0.4 x 296 = 120 ug/i
EPCWHS " 1 u9^1 (Phenolic compounds)
EPC,
1H
0-2x1= o.2 ug/g
EPCWE1
EPC,
EPC,
EPC
'WE2
WES
LE =
50 x 14,000 » 7 x 10 ug/i
1,000 ug/i (to prevent tainting)
100 ug/i (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
A-624
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
18A140
XYLENOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxictty Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.3E4
5.0EO
l.OE 0
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
24
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
TOO
20
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
'f
B Based on
Ecological Effects
100f
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
24
120
0.2
B Based on
Ecological Effects
1,000
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic compounds.
A-625
-------
CATEGORY: 18A
ETHYL CRESOLS: CgH120 (ethyl methyl phenols).
18A160
6-ETHYL-m-CRESOL: (6-ethyl-2-methyl phenol). 18A161
4-ETHYL-o-CRESOL: (4-ethyl-3-methyl phenol). 18A162
2-ETHYL-p-CRESOL: (2-ethyl-4-methyl phenol). 18A163
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt. >136.21; very slightly soluble; higher
boiling points than the corresponding xylenols.
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
There are 10 possible structural
isomers.
is CH
R2 1s C2H5
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Ethyl cresols are disubstituted phenols, the substitution aroups being
methyl and ethyl. A number of isomers are possible depending on the sub-
stitution sites.
TOXIC PROPERTIES^HEAUTH EFFECTS;
Toxic properties are expected to be similar to xylenols.
LD5Q (rat): 530 mg/kg for 6 ethyl-m-cresol (ref. 5). The route of administration was not reported.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 vg/i of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 10).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 vg/i of phenolic compounds 1n public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 vg/i at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols) (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Servic? Drinking Water Regulations, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/z (for phenols) (ref. 11).
2.4 x 104 ug/m3
MINIMUM ACUTE TOX1CITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 530
Water, Health: 5x1=5 vg/i
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 yg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 * 500 vg/i
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 « 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
3
EPCAH2 » 0.107 x 530
57 ug/mj
EPCAH3
EPCWH1
EPCWH2
EPC,,
EPC,
WHS
'LH*
0.081 x 530 * 43 ug/mj
15 x 43 > 540 wg/l
0.4 x 530 * 212 vg/l
1 vg/i (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 1 = 0.2 ug/g
EPC,
EPC
WES
LE '
100 vg/i (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 100 • 20 ug/'g
A-626
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18A160
ETHYL CRESOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.4E4
5.0EO
1.0EO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
43
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
TOO
20
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /*g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
H
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
lOOf
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
43
212
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tPhenolic compounds,
A-627
-------
CATEGORY: ISA
POLYALKYL PHENOLS (HW >135> 18A180
2,4,6-TRIMETHYL PHENOL: C9H120 (mesitol). 18A181
2,6-DI-sec-BUTYL PHENOL: ClltH220. Amber liquid. 18A182
2.6-DIMETHYL-4-HEPTYL PHENOL: Ci5H21(0. 18A183
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
2,4,6-Trimethyl phenol
2,6-Oi-sec-butyl phenol
2,6-Oimethyl-4-heptyl phenol
0.936
25
Mol. wt. in.p
136.20 72
206.3
220.4
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2,4,6-Trimethyl phenol has been identified in water samples from two rivers (ref. 21).
221
152-165
at 25 mm
18A181
18A182
OH
CH3
18A183
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Details of toxic effects of polyalkyl phenols are not available. They are probably similar to other
phenolic compounds.
Compound
2,4,6-Trimethyl phenol
2,6-Oi-sec-butyl phenol
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptyl phenol
LD5Q (oral, rat)(tng/kg)(ref. 6)
1,320
1,600
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/l of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic water
supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 10).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 vg/t of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 ug/z at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols) (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/i (for phenols) (ref. 11).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 1,320 = 5.9 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ugA
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 » 500 ug/£
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 yg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 • 0.107 x 1,320 = 141 ug/m3
EPCAH3 " °'081 x 1>320 = 107 P9/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 107 = 1,604 yg/4
EPCWH2 = 0.5 x 1,320 = 528 wg/a
EP('
'WHS
(phenolic compounds)
EPCLH = 0.2 x 1 * 0.2 ug/g
EPCWES = 10° V^1 (Phenolic compounds)
EPC|P = 0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
A-628
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL 18A18C
GOALS POLYALKYL PHENOLS (MW> 135
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goalt)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Baud on
Health Effect!
5.9E4
5.0EO
l.OEO
Baled on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Bawd on
Health Effects
107
1
0.2
Bated on
Ecological
Effecn
TOO
20
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
1*
B. Based on
Ecological Effect!
100f
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
107
528
0.2
8. Based on
Ecological Effects
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic compounds.
A-629
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY ISA
Phenols - Monohydrics
1. Billings, C. E., Technological Sources of Air Pollution. Industrial
Pollution. N. I. Sax, Ed., Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., New York, NY (1974).
2. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
3. Deichmann, W, B., and M. L. Keplinger. Phenols and Phenolic Compounds.
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Second Re v ised Edition, Vol1. 2, F. A.
Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers, New York, NY (1963).
4. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
5. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
6. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
7. Auerbach, C. History of Research on Chemical Mutagenesis. In Chemical
Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their Detection 3: 1-19 (1973).
8. Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology. First Priority Chemicals. Chem-
ical Industry Institute of Toxicology: Annual Report. Research Triangle
Park, NC (1976).
9. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Recommended Standard
for Occupacional Exposure to Phenol. Available from Division of Technical
Services NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH. GPO 657-645/256 (1976).
10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Criteria for Water. EPA
440/9-76-023 (1976).
11. U.S. Public Health Service. Drinking Water Standards: 1962. Title 42 Code
Federal Regulations, Part 72.
12. Bond, R. G., C. P. Straub, and R. Prober, Eds. Handbook of Environmental
Control. Vol. 1: Air Pollution. The Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, OH
(1972).
A-630
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY ISA (Continued)
13. Jahnig, C. E. Evaluation of Pollution Control in Fossil Fuel Conversion
Processes. Liquefaction: Section 2, SRC Process. Prepared by Exxon Research
and Engineering Co. under Contract No. 68-02-0629 for Environmental Protection
Agency. Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
VA. EPA-650/2-74-009-f (1975).
14. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
15. Bond, R. G., C. P. Straub, and R. Prober, Eds. Handbook of Environmental
Control. Vol. 3: Water Supply and Treatment. The Chemical Rubber Co.,
Cleveland, OH (1973).
16. Mattson, V. R., 0. W. Arthur, and C. G. Walbridge. Acute Toxicity of Selected
Compounds to Fathead Minnows. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Duluth, MN. EPA-600/3-76-097 (1976).
17. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer,
IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
18. Hake, C. L., and V. K. Rowe. Ethers. Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology,
Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2^ F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers,
New York, NY (1963T
19. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, National Technical Advisory
Committee Report. Water Quality Criteria (1968).
20. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Criteria for a
Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Cresol (1978). Available
from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., GPO 757-141/6781. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-133.
21. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/4-76-062,
December 1976.
A-631
-------
CATEGORY 18
PHENOLS
SUBCATEGORY: 18B - Dihydrics, Polyhydrics
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 4
number of parent compounds with subspecies 0
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: None
A-633
-------
CATEGORY: 18B
CATECHOl: C6H602 (pyrocatechol, o-dihydroxybenzene,
o-benzenediol, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, o-hydroxyphenol,
2-hydroxyphenol). White or colorless leaflets. 18B020
WLN: QR BQ
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
C750.
,21.
Molecular wt: 110.11; mp: 105; bp: 245'3U; d: 1.344'
soluble; vap. press.: 10 mm at 118.3°; vap. d: 3.79;
sublimes readily; soluble in 2.3 parts water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Catechol is a dihydric phenol.
When heated, catechol emits highly toxic fumes; it is volatilized by steam. A related compound is
methyl pyrocatechol.
Catechol has been found in onions, in crude beet sugar, in crude wood tar, in drainage water from
bituminous shale, in effluents from production of coal-tar chemicals, in coal, and in cigarette smoke
(ref. 10).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Catechol is similar to phenol in its toxic properties causing convulsions and injury to the blood. It
is absorbed through the skin as well as through inhalation (refs. 1, 2).
The repeated absorption of sublethal doses by animals may induce methemoglobinemia, leukopenia, and
anemia (.ref. 2).
LD50 (rats, oral): 3,890 mg/kg.
In'skfn painting studies in mice, catechol increased the carcinogenic effect of benz(a)pyrene on the
skin (ref. 10).
Tainting of fish flesh may result from concentrations of 0.8 to 5 mg/i of catechol (ref. 3).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =• 20 mg/m3 (5 ppn) (Trial).
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria : 1 ug/n of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish tiesh tainting iref. 4).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/i of phenolic compounds 1n public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life- Concentration
no greater than 100 ug/fc at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols) (ref 3)
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962—Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/J. (for phenols) (ref. 6).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
2.0 x 104 yg/m3 (5ppm)
5x1=5 ug/4
0.2 x 5 = 1 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 * 500 wg/l
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 * 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
'AHl
10 x 20/420 = 48 ug/m
EPCAHla = 5/420 * O.Olppm
EPCWH1 ' 15 x 48 « 720 ug/i
EPCUH2 * 13.8 x 20 = 280 yg/S.
EPC,
EPC,
'WHS
1H =
• 1 ug/u (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x i * 0.2 ug/g
EPC,
EPC
EPC
WE2
WES
LH °
1 800 ug/i (to prevent tainting)
: 100 ug/i (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
A-634
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18B020
CATECHOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, >ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.0E4
(5)
5.0EO
l.OE 0
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
48
(0.01)
1
0.2
Based on
Ecotogicaf
Effects
100
20
C. Elimmattoa of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, Aig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
It
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
loot
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
48
(0.01)
280
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
800
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tPhenolic compounds.
A-635
-------
CATEGORY: 188 WIN: QR CQ
1.3-OIHYOROXYBENZENE: C6H4(OH)2(ResorcinoI,
m-dihydroxybenzene, m-benzenedlol). 18B040 STRUCTURE:
A white needle-like crystal with an unpleasant
sweet taste.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 110.11; mp: 109-111; bp: 280; d: 1.2717 ;
vap.d: 3.79; vap.press: 1 mm at 108.4°; soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
1,3-Dihydroxybenzene is used in tanning, manufacturing resins, antiseptics, explosives,
dyes, and cosmetics, and has been suggested as an aerial bactericide (refs. 8,2).
The threshold limit for the detection of odor'in an aqueous solution is 40 mg/1 (ref. 2).
The white crystals or tablets turn pink upon exposure to light and air (ref. 2).
1,3-Dihydroxybenzene has been found in wood smoke, in cigarette smoke, in filtered surface and
ground water at a water treatment plant, and in the effluents from production of coal-tar chemicals
(ref. 10).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Skin contact with solutions or salves containing from 3 to 25 percent 1,3-dihydroxybenzene may
result in dermatitis and loss of superficial skin layers in humans. Also, methemoglobinemia,
convulsions, and death may result. Oral administration produces similar effects. A child
complained of dizziness and somnolence after swallowing 4 g. Another child experienced
hypothermia, failing blood pressure, and decreased respiration rate after ingesting 8 g (ref. 2).
Industrial exposure to 10 ppm produced no discomfort (ref. 4).
1,3-Dihydroxybenzene is readily absorbed from the gastroenteric tract, and, in a suitable
solvent, is readily absorbed through the human skin. The substance is excreted in the urine
in a free state and conjugated with hexuronic, sulfuric, and other acids (ref. 2).
When tested by repeated skin application, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene showed no carcinogenic effect in
mice (ref. 10).
LD5Q (oral, rat): 301 mg/kg (ref. 6).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 45 mg/m3 (10 ppm)
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 yg/ii of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for
domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 4).
NAS/NAE 1S72 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/1 of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources
to prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life:
Concentration no greater than 100 ug/1 at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 3).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962—Levels for alternate source selection-
1 ug/1 (ref. 1).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 103 x 45 = 4.5 x 104 M9/m3 (10 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/1 Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 = 500 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1.0 ug/g Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 103 x 45/420 = 107 ug/m3
EPCAHU= 10/420 = 0.02 ppm
tPCyH1 = 15 x 107 = 1,605 ug/1
EPCWH2 = 13'8 x 45 = 621 '^/] EPCWES = 10° "9/1 (Phenoll'c compounds)
EPCWHS = 1 M9/1 EPCL£ = 0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
EPCLH = 0.2 x 1 = 0.2 ug/g
A-636
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18B040
1,3-DIHYDROXYBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Bast Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&O Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.5E4
(10)
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
107
(0.02)
1.0
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
100
20
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, Mg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ^g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
f
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
100f
1 1. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
107
(0.02)
621
0.2
8. Based on
Ecological Effects
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic compounds.
A-637
-------
CATEGORY: 188 WLN: QR QQ
1,4-OIHYDROXYBENZENE: C6H4(OH)2 (hydroquinone, Quinol,
p-dihydroxybenzene, l,4-benzenedio1, hydroquinol). 18B060 STRUCTURE:
Colorless, hexagonal prisms.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 110.11; m|
vap.d: 3.81; vap.press:
i: 173-4; bp: 285730; d: 1.32815,
1 mm at 132.4°; soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene can be formed by the reduction of quinone with sulfurous acid. Uses
include photographic developing, and antioxidant. Derivatives of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene include
bacteriostatic-and tumor-inhibiting agents (ref. 2).
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene in air is usually analyzed by collection in isopropyl alcohol followed
by spectrophotometric determination (ref. 2).
Sources of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene include leaves of blueberry, red whortleberry, cranberry,
and bearberry (ref. 2).
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene has been found in cigarette smoke and in the effluents from production of coal-
tcir* cnsrm c31 s { ITGT . 10).
TOXIC PROPERTIES, HEALTH EFFECTS:
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene produces signs of illness resembling that induced by the other dihydroxy-
benzenes. In a human adult, ingestion of 1 g may produce nausea, increased respiration rate,
and collapse. Skin contact may produce dermatitis. Eye injury has been reported among men
exposed to concentrations ranging from 10 to 30 mg/m3. Death, after ingestion of 5 to 12 g,
is initiated by respiratory failure (2,7,.6).
Ingestion of "health teas" prepared from the leaves of blueberry, red whortleberry, cranberry,
or bearberry should be avoided because the leaf may contain large amounts of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene
capable of producing systemic poisoning (ref. 20.
1,4-dihydroxybenzene is absorbed more readily than phenol from the'gastroenteric tract. The
compound is oxidized in the body to the more toxic quinone (ref. 2).
LDSO (oral, rat): 320 mg/kg (ref. 8).
!,4-Oihydroxybenzene was found inactive as an initiator of skin carcinogenesis (ref. 10).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV » 2 mg/m3 (0.44 ppm).
Hydroqainone Is,the subject of a NIOSH Criteria document. The NIOSH recommendation for occupational
exposure is 2 mg/m as a 15 minute ceiling (ref. 11).
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 yg/n of phenol (including phenolic compounds.)
for domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 4).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/1 of phenolic compounds in public water supply
sources to prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in
aquatic life: Concentration no greater than 100 ug/1 at any time or place; application factor
of 0.05 (ref. 3).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962--Levels for alternate source
selection: 1 ,jg/l (for phenols)(ref. 1).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
10
2 - 2,000 j-g/m (0.44 ppm)
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1.0
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 = 500 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC
EPC,
EPC,
EPC,
'AH1
'AH! a
WH1
'UH2
'WHS
1H
103 x 2/420 =4.76 jg/m3
0.44/420 = 1.0 x 10"3 ppm
15 x 4.76 = 71.4 jg/1
13.8 x 2 = 27.6 yg/l
1 ^g/1 (phenolic compound)
0.2 x 1.0 = 0.2 .jg/g
EPC,
EPC
WES
LE
= 100 ug/1 (phenolic compounds)
= 0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
A-638
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
18B060
1,4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, (jg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.0E3
(0.44)
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goat*
Based on
Health Effects
4.8
(0.001)
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
100
20
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
It
8. Based on
EcoJogrcal Effects
loot
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
4.8
(0.001)
27.6
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tPhenolic Compounds
A-639
-------
CATEGORY: 188
1,2,3-TRIHYOROXYBENZENE: C6H603 18B080
(1,2,3-benzenetriol, pyrogallic acid, pyrogallol).
White, odorless crystal.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 126.11; mp: 133-4; bp: 309760; d: 1.453J;
Vap. press: 10 mm at 167.7°; soluble in water.
QR. BQ CQ
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene is used as a developer in photography, as mordant for wool,
staining leather, manufacturing dyes, and in adsorption of oxygen in gas analysis, and
for maintaining anaerobic conditions for bacterial growth. It is a product of PeniciIlium
patulurn (ref. 8).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Ingestion of 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene may produce severe G.I. irritation, renal and hepatic
damage, and .death (ref. 6). Death is initiated by respiratory failure because it ties
up oxygen in the blood (ref. 2).
Cases of human poisoning include one man who ingested 8 g and recovered, and one man who
ingested 15 g and subsequently died. Skin contact may result in sensitization and death (ref. 2).
LD50 (oral, rat): 789 mg/kq (ref. 8).
Concentrations of 20 to 30 mg/1 in water result in tainting of fish flesh (ref. 3).
1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene has been reported to demonstrate cocarcinogenic activity (ref. 9).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/1 of phenol (including phenolic compounds)
for domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 4).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/i of phenolic compounds in public water supply
sources to prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in
aquatic life: Concentration no greater than 100 ug/1 at any time or place; application factor
of 0.05 (ref. 3).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962—Levels for alternate source
selection: 1 uq/1 (ref 5).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 789 = 3.55 x 104 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/1 Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 = 500 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1.0 ug/g Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = lOOuug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = °'107 x 789 = 84-4 p9/m3
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 789 = 63.9 pg/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 63.9 = 959 ug/1
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 789 = 316 ug/1
= 1 ug/1 (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 1 • 0.2 jg/g
EPC
'LH
EPCWE2
x 10
(Pnen°lic compounds)
EPCWES " 10°
EPC.E = 0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
A-640
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18B080
1,2,3-TRIHYDROXYBENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
IR&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.55E4
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.00E2
B. Ambient Level Goat*
Based on
Health Effects
63.9
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
100
20
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, iig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
''
B, Based on
Ecological Effects
100 f
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
63.9
316
0.2
B Based on
Ecological Effects
20,000
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic compounds.
A-641
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 18B
Phenols - Dihydrics, Polyhydrics
1. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
2. Deichmann, W. B., and M. L. Keplinger. Phenols and Phenolic Compounds.
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2_, F. A.
Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers, New York, NY (1963).
3. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Criteria for Water. EPA
440/9-76-023 (1976).
5. U.S. Public Health Service. Drinking Water Standards: 1962. Title 42 Code
Federal Regulations, Part 72.
6. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
7. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
8 Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
9. Lawley, P. D. Carcinogenesis by Alkylating Agents. Chemical Carcinogens.
ACS Monograph 173, C. E. Searle, Ed., Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC (1976).
10. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 15, Lyon,
France. A World Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva (1977).
11. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Criteria for a
Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Hydroquinone (1978).
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C. GPO 757-141-6799. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication
No. 78-155.
A-642
-------
CATEGORY 18
PHENOLS
SUBCATEGORY: 18C - Fused Ring Hydroxy Compounds
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 13
number of parent compounds with subspecies 2
number of subspecies 8
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 3
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: None
A-643
-------
CATEGORY: 18C
1-nHPHiHUL: CioHjO (a-naphthol, a-hydroxy-
naphthalene, 1-naphthalenol). 18C020
A colorless or yellow powder with a phenolic odor and a
disagreeable, burning taste.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt. 144.19; mp: 96; bp: 288760; d: 1.0989f9;
vap.press: 1 mm at 94°; slightly soluble in hot water.
WLN; L66J BQ
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
1-Naphthol is used in manufacturing dyes, intermediates, synthetic perfumes, and in
microscopy. It can be formed by oxidation of naphthalene (ref. 1).
The threshold limit for the detection of odor in aqueous solution is 7.0 mg/1 (ref. 2).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
In humans, 1-naphthol has been shown to produce gastrointestinal tract disturbance, convulsions, and death
when ingested. Also, sufficient naphthol may be aosorbed through the skin to cause kidney irritation
and eye injury (ref . 3).
LDso (oral, rat): 2,590 mg/kg (ref. 4).
Tainting of fish flesh may result from a concentration of 500 ug/1 in water (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/1 of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for
domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 6).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/1 of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources
to prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life:
Concentration no greater than 100 ug/1 at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 5).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection-
1 ug/1 (ref. 7).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 2,590 = 1.17 x 105 ug/m3
Water, Health: 5.x 1 * 5 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 yg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 = 500 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 2,590 - 277
EPC
'AH3
EPC,
'WH1
0.081 x 2,590 = 210 ug/m
15 x 210 = 3,150 ug/1
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 2,590 = 1,036 ug/1
EP^WHS = 1 ^S/l (phenolic compounds)
EPCLH = 0.2 x i.o = Q.2 ug/g
EPCW£2 = 500 ug/1 (to prevent tainting)
EPCW£j = 100 ug/1 (phenolic compounds)
EPCLE - 0.2 x 100 = 20 pg/g
A-644
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18C020
1-NAPHTHOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimate*
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
I.17E5
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
210
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
100
20
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
1 +
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
TOO1"
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
210
1,036
0.2
8. Based on
Ecological Effects
500
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic Compounds
A-645
-------
CATEGORY; ISC WLN: L66J CQ
2-NAPHTHOL: C10H80 (2-hydroxy naphthalene,
p-naphthol, p-naphthyl hydroxide). 18C040 STRUCTURE:
A white to yellowish-white powder or crystals
with a phenolic odor.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 144.19; mp: 123-4; bp: 295760; d: 1.2820;
vap.d: 4.97; vap.press: 10 mm at 145.5°; insoluble in
cold water, slightly soluble in hot water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2-Naphthol is used in manufacturing medicinal organics, dyes, and perfumes. The largest
single use is reported to be in the rubber industry, where it is used in making antioxidants.
The substance darkens with age when exposed to light (ref. 1).
2-Naphthol can be formed by oxidation of naphthalene (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Ingestion of large amounts of 2-naphthol by humans may produce gastrointestinal tract disturbances, kidney
damage, circulatory collapse, and death. Also, fatal poisoning resulting from external application
has been reported (ref. 1).
LD50 (oral, rat): 2,420 mg/kg (ref. 4).
Tainting of fish flesh may result from a concentration of 300 ug/1 in water (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS, CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/l of phenol (including phenolic compounds for
domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 6).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/1 of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources
to prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life:
Concentration no greater than 100 ug/! at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 5).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962—Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/1 (ref. 7).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 2,420 = 1.09 x 105
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 = 500 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 » 100 ug/1
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAR2 = 0.107 x 2,420 = 259 ug/m3
EPCftH3 = 0.081 x 2,420 = 196 ug/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 196 = 2,940 ug/1
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 2,420 = 968 ug/1
EPCy^j = lug/1 (phenolic compounds)
EPCLH = 0.2 x 1 = 0.2 ug/g
EPCWE2 = 30° ug/'1 'to Prevent tainting)
EPCy£j = 100 ug/1 (phenolic compounds)
EPC.r = 0.2 x'lOO = 20 ^g/g
A-646
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18C040
2-NAPHTHOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.09E5
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
196
1
0.2
Baled on
Ecological
Effects
TOO
20
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
It
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
loot
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
196
968
0.2
B. Based on
Ecologjca) Effects
300
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t
Phenolic compounds.
A-647
-------
CATEGORY: 18C
PHENANTHROLS: Cn,H100 (hydroxyphenanthrenes). 18C060
1-HYDROXYPHENAN1HRENE:
2-HYDROXYPHENANTHRENE:
3-HYDROXYPHENANTHRENE:
4-HYOROXYPHENANTHRENE:
9-HYOROXYPHENANTHRENE:
PROPERTIES!
1-hydroxyphenanthrene
2-hydroxyphenanthrene
3-hydroxyphenanthrene
4-hydroxyphenanthrene
9-hydroxyphenanthrene
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Five isomers for phenanthrols are possible.
A solid.
A solid.
A solid.
A solid.
A solid.
mol wt
194.24
194.24
194.24
194.24
194.24
18C061
18C062
18C063
18C064
18C065
mp. solubility in water
156
169
122-3
113
152-3 slight
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
The compounds 2-, 3-, and 9-phenanthrol are reported to be an analgesic and
exert a depressing action on experimental animals (ref. 8).
Specific toxicity data are not currently available.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-648
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18C060
PHENANTHROLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, Aig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wtl
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, (jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-649
-------
CATEGORY; 18C
INOANOLS: CgH^O (hydroxyhydrindene, hydroxyindan).
Plates, triclinic prisms, or needles. 18C080
1-INOANOL. 18C081
4-INOANOL. 18C082
5-INDANOL. 18C083
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt. mp
1-INDANOL '134.16 54~
WLN; L56T&J GQ
STRUCTURE:
4
_bp ._.__
255slightly soluble
Water solubility
4-INDANOL 134.18 40,50 120,128
5-INDANOL 134.18 56 255 siightly soluble
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Indanol may or may not be phenolic, depending on the site of hydroxy substitution. Structure I is a
phenol, II is not. Little information regarding indanols is available.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxic properties are probably similar to but milder than phenol.
moderate toxicity and a high degree of irritation (ref. 3).
LD50 (oral, rat): 3,250 rag/kg for a 5-1ndanol.
Limited animal experiments suggest
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION!
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria : 1 ugA of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 6).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 pg/Jt of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 wg/i at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 ffor phenols) (ref. 5).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/t (for phenols) (ref. 7).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 45 x 3,250 - 1.5 x 105 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 5x1*5 ug/z. Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 » 500 ug/i
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 • 1 ug/g Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 • 100 pg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPC
'AH2
;AH3
350 pg/nf
0.107 x 3,250
0.081 x 3,250 - 260 pg/mj
3,900 pg/i
EPCWH2 * 0.4 x 3,250 > 1,300 pg/l
EPCWHS * 1 "9 A (Pnenolic compounds)
EPC
EPCWH1 • 15 x 260
EPC,
LH
0.2 x 1 «
0.2 ug/g
EPCWES » 100 ug/i (phenolic compounds)
EPC,E • 0.2 x 100 = 20 yg/g
A-650
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18C080
INDANOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.5E5
5.0EO
1.0EO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
260
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
TOO
20
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jug/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
if
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
100+
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
260
1,300
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
^Phenolic compounds.
A-651
-------
CATEGORY: 18C WIN:
1 -ACENAPHTHOL: C^H^O. 13C100 STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt; 170.21; mp: 147-148
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for 1-acenaphthol are not available at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-652
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18C100
1-ACENAPHTHOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BfT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&O Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal'
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-653
-------
CATEGORY: 18C
2-HYDROXYFLUORENE: C13Hi00 (2-fluorenol) 18C120
A solid crystal.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 182.23; mp: 171-4; insoluble in water.
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2-Hydroxyfluorene occurs in the anthracene oil fraction of coal-tar
distillate boiling from 340 to 370° (ref. 9).
The compound may occur as a constituent of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for 2-hydroxyfluorene are not available at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
carcinogenic2 '1'1 ^^ hydrocarbons ^^ This TLV ™°»«»* the
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-654
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18C120
2-HYDROXYFLUORENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, )jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
0
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-655
-------
CATEGORY: 18C WLN:
JJ-HVLWyXYDlBENZOFURAN: CUH702. 18C140
A s°1id. STRUCTURE;
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 171.056.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
The compound may occur as a constituent of particulate polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for 2-hydroxydibenzofuran are not available at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-656
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
18C140
2-HYDROXYDIBENZOFURAN
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engmeenng Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxictty Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, Atg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
1 1 . Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-657
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 18C
Phenols - Fused Ring Hydroxy Compounds
1. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
2. Deichmann, W. B., and M. L. Keplinger. Phenols and Phenolic Compounds.
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2, F. A.
Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers, New York, NY (1963).
3. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
4. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockyille, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
5. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
6. U.S.. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Criteria for Water. EPA
400/9-76-023 (1976).
7. U.S. Public Health Service. Drinking Water Standards: 1962. Title 42 Code
Federal Regulations, Part 72.
8. Eddy, N. B. Studies of Phenanthrene Derivatives I. A Comparison of Phenan-
threne and Some 2, 3, and 9 Monosubstituted Products. Journal Pharmacology 4J3
(1933).
9. Kruber, R. Chemische Berichte, Vol. 69, P. 107.
A-658
-------
CATEGORY 19
HALOGENATED PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 19A - Halophenols
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 4
number of parent compounds with subspecies 0
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values
0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory:
19A020 2-Chlorophenol
19A040 2,4-Dichlorophenol
19A050 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
19A060 Pentachlorophenol
A-659
-------
CATEGORY: 19A
2-CHLOROPHENOL: CgHgOCl (o-chlorophenol). 19A020
Light amber liquid; distinct odor.
WLN: QR B6
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 128.6; mp: 9.0; bp: 174.9; d: 1.263; vap. press.: 1 urn at 12.1°C;
solubility in water: 2.85 g in 100 ml at 20°.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
The chlorophenols are primarily water and soil contaminants.
Chlorination of phenols in aqueous solution can occur under conditions similar to those used in
chlorine disinfection (ref. 1).
Chlorophenols are stronger acids than phenols because of the chlorine atoms. They, like phenols, will form
ethers, esters, and salts with metals, amines, etc.
Aqueous photolysis may lead to hydroxyl substitution for the chlorines and polymer formation.
In terms of biological degradation, chlorophenols are much more environmentally stable than the
parent phenol. Microbial decomposition of 2-chlorophenol required 3 to 9 days for complete disappearance
as compared to 1 to 2 days for phenol (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Chlorophenols may be absorbed through the skin as well as by inhalation of the vapors. They are
considered corrosive to skin and eyes, and the vapors are irritating and toxic.
LD5Q (oral, rat): 670 rag/kg.
2-chlorophenol is reported to produce tumors when 38 g/kg was applied to the skin of mice. The NIOSH ordering
number is 3,121, and the adjusted ordering number is 0.09.
Concentrations of 0.0001 to 0.015 mg/i in water may cause tainting of fish flesh (refs. 3,4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 pg/n of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3)..
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ugA of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 pg/i at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 4)
U.S. Puolic Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection-
1 pg/l (for phenols) (ref. 5).
Candidate for the list for Toxic Pollutant Effluent Limitations (ref. 6). On EPA Consent Decree Priority II List.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
Wat»r, Health:
Land, Health:
45 x 670 = 3.0 x 104 pg/m3
5x1=5 ug/4
0.2 x 5 = 1 pg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 = 500 ug/i
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
'AH2
:AH3
= 0.107 x 670 = 72 ug/mj
0.081 x 670 = 54 pg/m
810 ug/8.
= 270 ug/t
1 ug/i (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 1 = 0.2 ug/g
EPCWH1 = 15 x 54 =
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 670
EPCWHS
EPCLH *
EPC,
EPC,
WE2
WES
0.1 ug/i (to prevent tainting)
100 >jg/l (phenolic compounds)
EPCLE = 0.2 x 0.1 = 0.02 pg/g
A-660
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
19A020
2-CHLOROPHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/tn3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Bated on Bast Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&O Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.0E4
5.0EO
l.OE 0
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
54
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
0.1
0.02
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
It
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
loot
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
54
270
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
0.1
0.02
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic compounds.
A-661
-------
CATEGORY: 19A
WIN:
QR BG DG
2.4-DICHLOROPHENOL:
Colorless crystals.
C6H4OC12.
19A040
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 163.0; mp: 45; bp: 210-211;
d: 1.3832g; vap. d.: 5.62; vap. press: 1 mm
at 53° C; solubility in water: 0.45 g in 100 ml at 20°.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
The chlorophenols are primarily water and soil contaminants. Chlorination of phenols in an aqueous
solution can occur under conditions similar to those used in chlorine disinfection (refs. 1,4).
Chlorophenols are stronger acids than phenols because of the chlorine atoms. They, like ohenols, will
form ethers, esters, and salts with metals, amines, etc. They have been identified in samples of U.S.
drinking water supplies at 36 \iq/l (ref. 7).
In terms of biological degradation the chlorophenols are much more environmentally stable than the
parent phenol. The rate of decomposition further decreases as the number of chlorine atoms increases.
Microbial decomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenol required 5 to 9 days for complete disappearance as compared
to 1 to 2 days required for phenol (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Chlorophenols may be absorbed through skin as well as by inhalation of the vapors. They are
considered corrosive to skin and eyes, and vapors are irritating and toxic. Oichlorophenols are
more toxic than monochlorophenols (ref. 2).
LD50(oral, rat): 580 mg/kg.
2,4-dichlorophenol is reported to cause cancer in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering
number is 3121. The lowest dose affecting an oncogenic response is 312 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering
number is 10.
Concentrations of 0.0004 to 0.014 mg/£ in water may cause tainting of fish flesh (refs. 3,4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS, STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOB SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/z of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 yg/£ of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 pg/£ at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/£ (for phenols) (ref. 5).
On EPA Consent Decree Priority II List.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOX1CITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
7 x 104/10 = 7 x 103
5x1=5
0.2 x 5 = 1
ag/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 = 500 ug/£
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 580 = 62 ug/m3
EPCA(,3
EPCWH1
CWH2
0.081 x 580 = 47 ug/m
15 x 47 = 705
EPC,
EPC
LH
AC2
= 1 ug/£ (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 1 = 0.2 ug/g
EPC,
EPC,
'WE2
'WES
= 10/(6 x 10) = 17 j.g/m
EPCLE = 0.2 x 0.4
0.4 ug/£ (to prevent tainting)
100 ug/£ (phenolic compounds)
0.08 ug/g
EPC,.r = 15 x 17 = 255 ug/£
EPC,
'WC
1C
0.2 x 255 = 51 ug/g
A-662
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
19A040
2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, Aig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
7.0E3
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
17
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
0.4
0.08
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
sel
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, Mg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, >ig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
lf
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
ioof
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
47
232
0.2
B Based on
Ecological Effects
0.4
0.08
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
17
255
51
tPhenolic compounds.
^Highest level identified in drinking water supplies.
A-663
-------
CATEGORY: 19A
2.4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL: C6H3C130. 19A050
Colorless needles or yellow solid; a strong phenolic odor.
WLIMi QR BG DG FG
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 197.46; mp: 68; bp: 246; d: 1.490 (75°/4°); vap. press: 1 m at 76.5°C;
solubility in water: 800 mg/i at 25°C.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is manufactured for use as a fungicide, bactericide, and wood preservative (ref. 2).
It is prepared by the direct chlorination of phenol (ref. 9).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Oral administration in rats causes restlessness, increased rate of respiration, motor weakness, tremors, clonic
convulsions dyspnea, coma, and death.
LD50 (oral, rat):
820 mq/kg.
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Is reported to cause cancer in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3111. The lowest
dosage to induce tumors is 29 grams/kg (ref. 11). The adusted ordering number is 0.107.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/J. of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic water supply
(welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 vg/i of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to prevent
odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration no
greater than 100 vg/l at any time of place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962—Levels for alternate source selection:
1 vg/i (for phenols) (ref. 5).
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol appears on EPA Consent Decree List, Priority 3.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 820
3.7 x 10* ug/m3
Water, Health: 5x1=5 yg/l
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 ug/
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 « 500 ug
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 - 100
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2
EPCAH3
EPCWH1
EPCWH2
EPCWHS
EPCLH
a
5
ss
0.107 x 820 * 88 ug/m3
0.081 x 820 =• 66 pg/m3
15 x 66 = 996 vg/l
0.4 x 820 * 328 vg/i
1 ug/t (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 1 = 0.2 wg/g
EPCWE2
EPCWES
EPCL£
0.1 yg/ii (to prevent tainting)
100 ug/n (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 0.1 = 0.02 ug/g
A-664
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
19A050
2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BIT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.7E4
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
-
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
66
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
0.1
0.02
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, tig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
1 +
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
TOO1"
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
66
328
0.2
B Based on
Ecological Effects
0.1
0.02
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tPhenolic Compounds.
A-665
-------
CATEGORY: 19A
I'fcNifll'HLUKuPHENqL: Cl5C6OH(chlorophen). 19A060
White, monocllnic cyrstals that have a pungent odor
when not.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 266.34; mp: 174; bp: 309-10754; d: 1.978|2;
vap.press: 40 mm at 211.2°; slightly soluble in water.
STRUCTURE:
Cl
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Pentachlorophenol has been reported in samples taken from lake water and from public
drinking water (ref. 8). The highest concentration reported in drinking water is 1.4 ug/1
(ref. 7).
Pentachlorophenol is used as an insecticide for termite control, as a general herbicide,
and as a fungicide (refs. 9,10).
»u Pentachlorophenol in water and tissue can be determined spectrophotometrically. It is prepared
the chlonnation of phenol (ref. 2). p»'=u
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Pentachlorophenol in dust (0.3 mg/m3) is irritating to mucous membranes (ref. 12). Ingestion causes
respiratory irregularity and may cause convulsions and death (29 mg/kg has caused human death)(ref. 11).
Ingestion causes lung, liver, and kidney damage (ref. 9). Skin irritation is reported as a result of brief
single exposures to solutions containing more than 10 percent of the compound (ref. 2).
Pentachlorophenol can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and through the skin. The compound is
believed to cause a radical uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation cycles 1n tissues, which produces an
Increased metabolic rate and increased temperature (ref. 2).
LD5Q (oral, rat): 50 mg/kg (ref. 11).
Pentachlorophenol has been found to cause tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3,101. The lowest
effective dosage is 46 mg/kg, and the adjusted ordering number is 67
Aquatic toxicity. Median threshold limit for clam eggs and larvae is <250 ppb (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV . Q_5 mg/n]j (0.046 ppmK
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ugA of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for
domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/1 of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources
to prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life:
Concentration no greater than 100 ug/1 at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/1 (for phenols) (ref. 5)
Pentachlorophenol is included in the EPA Consent Decree List, Priority II.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS: *
Air, Health:
103 x 0.5 = 500 ug/m3 (0.046 ppm)
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1.0 u9/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 0.25 = 25 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 25 = 5 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCn
EPC
EPC,
EPC,
EPC,
EPC
EPC
EPC,
EPC,
*-AHl *
'AHla
'WH1 *
'WH2 =
'WHS *
1H =
AC2 =
'WC =
1C *
10° x 0.5/420 =1.2 ug/mj
0.046/420 =1.1 x 10"4 ppm
15x1.2= 18 ug/1
13.8 x 0.5 = 6.9 ug/1
0.2 x 1 » 1 us/1 (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 1 = 0.2 ug/g
103/(6 x 67) = 2.5 ug/m3
15 x 2.5 = 37 ug/1
0.2 x 37 = 7.4 ug/g A'666
EPCWE1 = 50 x 0.25 » 12.5 ug/l
EPCWES " 10° vg/1(Phenolic compounds)
EPC,
LE
0.2 x 12.5 = 2.5 ug/g
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
X
19A060
PEIMTACHLOROPHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air,/ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxieity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
5.0E2
5.0EO
I.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
2. 5 El
5.0EO
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
1.2
(1.1x10'
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
4)
12.5
2.5
C Eh mm at ion of
Discharge
Natural Background*
1.4f
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
Tf'
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
loot
II. Toxieity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
1.2
(l.lxlO"4)
6.9
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
12.5
2.5
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Bated on Health Effects
2.5
37
7.4
t Highest concentration identified in drinking water.
I Phenolic compounds.
. A-667
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 19A
Halogenated Phenolic Compounds - Halophenols
1, Howard, P. H., and P. R. Durkin. Preliminary Hazard Assessment of
Chlorinated Naphthalenes, Silicones, Fluorocarbons, Benzenepolycarboxylates,
and Chlorophenols. Prepared by Syracuse University Research Corporation under
Contract No. 68-01-2202 for Environmental Protection Agency. Available from
National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Spring-
field, VA. PB 238 074 (1973).
2. Deichmann, W. B., and M. L. Keplinger. Phenols and Phenolic Compounds.
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Second Revised Edition. Vol. 2, F. A.
Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers, New York, NY (1963).
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Criteria for Water. EPA
440/9-76-023 (1976).
4. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
5. U.S. Public Health Service. Drinking Water Standards. 1962. Title 42,
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 72.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water Program. Toxic Pol-
lutant Effluent Standards. Title 40 Code Federal Regulations, Part 129.
7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances. Preliminary
Assessment of Suspected Carcinogens in Drinking Water: Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (1975).
8. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4-76-062, December 1976.
9. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NO (1976).
10. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
11. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
Substances: 1976 Edition. Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD for National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication No . 76-191 (1976)
12. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
A-668
-------
CATEGORY 19
HALOGENATED PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 19B - Halogenated Cresols
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 3
number of parent compounds with subspecies 1
number of subspecies 3
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 3
19B021 Chlorinated-o-cresol
19B022 Chlorinated-m-cresol
19B023 Chlorinated-p-cresol
A-669
-------
CATEGORY: 196 WLN:
CHLORINATED CRESOLS: C7H7C10 (chlorohydroxytoluenes). 19B020
Odorless solids. STRUCTURE:
CHLORINATED o-CRESOL: A solid. 19B021
CHLORINATED m-CRESOL: A solid. 19B022
CHLORINATED p-CRESOL: A solid. 19B023
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 142.59; mp: 45-86; bp: 196-228760;
soluble to slightly soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Chlorinated cresols have been reported in samples taken from river water (ref. 1).
Twelve isomeric forms of monochlorinated cresols are possible.
Cl
19B023
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Chlorinated cresols are known to be allergens (ref. 2). The introduction of a chlorine group to
cresol probably increases toxicity.
LDLo (oral, rat): 500 mg/kg (ref. 3) for 4-chloro-m-cresol.
Aquatic toxicity: Levels of 0.075 to 0.003 mg/t cause tainting of fish flesh (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Chlorinated cresols are on the EPA Consent Decree Priority 3 List.
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/t Of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for
domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 5).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 vg/1 of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 ug/1 at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 2).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/1 (ref. 6).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 500 = 2.25 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/£
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 = 500 ug/z
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 yg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
.3
EPC
AH2
0.107 x 500
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 500
53.5 ug/m
40.5
EPC
WH1
= 15 x 40.5 = 608 ug/fc
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 500
EPC
LH
200 ug/z
1 ug/2 (phenolic compounds)
= 0.2 x 1 = 0.2 ug/g
EP("WE2
EPC
LE
= 3 ug/i (to prevent tainting)
3 100 ug/i (phenolic compounds)
= 0.2 x 3 = 0.6 ug/g
A-670
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
19B020
CHLORINATED CRESOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, pig/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.25E4
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
40.5
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
3
0.6
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
0
Air, fig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
''
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
TOO'1"
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
40.5
200
0.2
B, Based on
Ecological Effects
3
0.6
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic Compounds
A-671
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 19B
Halogenated Phenolic Compounds - Halogenated Cresols
1. Shackelford-,' W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4-76-062, December 1976.
2. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
3. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
4. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Criteria for Water. EPA
440/9-76-023 (1976).
6. U.S. Public Health Service. Drinking Water Standards. 1962. Title 42,
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 72.
A-672
-------
CATEGORY 20
NITROPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 20A - Nitrophenols
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 8
number of parent compounds with subspecies 1
number of subspecies 3
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory:
20A020 2-Nitrophenol
20A060 4-Nitrophenol
20A101 2,4-Dinitrophenol
A-673
-------
CATEGORY:
20A
CgHjN03 (o-nltrophenol, 2-hydroxyn1trobenzene).
2-NITROPHENOL:
2-nitrophenol crystallizes as yellow needles from
ethanol; peculiar aromatic odor. 20A020
WLN: WNR BQ
STRUCTURE!
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 139.12; mp: 44.9; bp: 216; d:
vap. press: 1 mm at 49°; solubility in water:
volatile in steam.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
1.495;
2,100 mg/z at 20°C;
All nitro compounds are potentially explosive.
Nitrophenols are formed by the reaction of nitric add with phenols.
dyestuffs and other intermediates (ref. 1).
They are used in the synthesis of
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
2-nitrophenol is a stronger acid than phenol. Contact of 2-n1trophenol with the skin may cause
irritation or burns. It is absorbed through intact skin and through the respiratory tract (ref. 1 ).
Liver and kidney damage has been observed 1n experimental animals (ref. 2).
The nitrophenols are methemoglobin formers, but less so than aniline and mononitrobenzene (ref. 1).
Aquatic toxicity. 24-48 hour TLm for bluegill Is 46.3 - 67 mg/z (ref. 10).
LD5Q (oral, rat): l,297mg/kg.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/z of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/t of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 ug/£ at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols) (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962—Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/2, (for phenols) (ref. 5).
2-Nitrophenol is on EPA Consent Decree Priority III List.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 1,297
Water, Health: 5 x 1 » 5 ug/Z
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 » 1 pg/g
5.8 x 104 ug/m3
A1r, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
5 x 100 - 500 ug/i
C.2 x 500 * 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
_3
AH2
EPC
EPCAH3
EPCWH1
EPCWH2
EPCWHS
0.107 x 1,297 = 139 ug/mj
0.081 x 1,297 » 105 ug/m3
15 x 105 « 1,580 ug/S.
0.4 x 1,297 = 520 yg/fc
1 ugA (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 1 * 0.2 ug/g
EPCVIE1 = 50 x 46
23°
EPC,
1 100 ug/l (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
A-674
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
20A020
2-NITROPHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, (jg/rn3
(ppm Vol)
Water, (jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
5.8E4
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
105
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
100
20
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
'
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
100 f
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
105
520
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
230
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t
Phenolic compounds.
A-675
-------
CATEGORY: 3QA WLN: WNR CQ
3-NITROPHENOL: CgHgNOj (m-nitrophenol).. 20A040 STRUCTURE;
3-nitrophenol can be crystallized from an aqueous
solution of hydrochloric acid. Colorless to yellow crystals.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 139.12; mp: 97; bp: 194 at 70 mm;
d: 1.4854 ; solubility in water: 13,500 mg/a at 25°C,
133,000 mg/z at 90°C [ref. 10K
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
All nitro compounds are potentially explosive.
Nitrophenols are formed by the reaction of nitric acid with phenols. They are used in the synthesis of
dyestuffs and other intermediates (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES^ HEALTH EFFECTS:
3-Nitrophenol is a stronger acid than phenol.
Contact of 3-nitrophenol with the skin may cause irritation or burns.
The nitrophenols are methemoglobin formers, but less so than aniline and mononitrobenzene (ref. 1).
LD50 (oral, rat): 447 mg/kg.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA, RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 vg/s. of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3 ).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 vg/l of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 ug/t at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols) (ref. 4 ).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962--levels for alternate source selection:
1 M9/J- (for phenols) (ref. 5 ).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 447
2.0 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 5x1 = 5 ug/S,
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 » 500 ug/Z.
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 yg/
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC
AH2
'AH3
*-WHl
EPCWH2
EPC,,
EPC
WHS
IN'
0.107 x 447 = 48 ug/m
0.081 x 447 = 36 yg/m3
15 x 36 = 540 ug/i
0.4 x 447 = 180 ug/SL
1 'nS/J. (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 1 = 0.2 'jq/q
EPC
EPC,
'WES
IE =
100 yg/Ji (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 100 = 20 ^g/g
A-676
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
20A040
3-NITROPHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.0E4
5.0EO
l.OE 0
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
36
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
TOO
20
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, wj/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
1*
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
1001"
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
36
180
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic compounds.
A-677
-------
CATEGORY:
4-NITROPHENOL:
20A
C6H5N03
(p-nitrophenol). 20A060
WNR DQ
STRUCTURE:
4-Nitrophenol occurs in two forms: colorless prisms
obtained by crystallization from toluene above 63,
and yellow crystals obtained by crystallization from
toluene below 63. Ordinary 4-nitrophenol is a mixture
of both forms; odorless.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 139.12; mp: 114; bp: 279
2fl
d: 1.479 ; decomposes at 279; soluble in hot water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
All nitro compounds are potentially explosive.
Nitrophenols are formed by the reaction of nitric acid with phenols. They are used in the synthesis
of dyestuffs and other intermediates (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
4-Nitrophenol is a stronger acid than phenol. Contact of 4-nitrophenol with the skin may cause
irritation or burns. The biological half-life of 4-nitrophenol in man is reported as 0.041 days
(ref. 6). Experiments have shown it to cause central nervous system depression and blood effects
(ref. 2).
The nitrophenols are methemoglobin formers, but less so than aniline and mononitrobenzene (ref. 1]
LD,JQ (oral, rat): 350 mg/kg.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 yg/z of phenol (including Dhenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3 ).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/£ of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 ug/fc at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols) (ref. 4 }.
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962—Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/!. (for phenols) (ref, 5 )
4-Nitrophenol is on EPA Consent Decree Priority III List.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 350
Water, Health: 5x1=5 vg/i
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 ug/g
1.6 x 104 ug/m3
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 = 500
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
3
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 350
37 ug/m
EPCAH3 - 0.081 x 350 = 28 ug/mj
EPCWH1 • 15 x 28 = 420 pg/2
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 350 = 140 ug/£
EPCWHc - 1 ug/2 (phenolic compounds)
EPCLH = 0.2 x 1 = 0.2 ug/g
EPCUES = 100 \.g/l (phenolic compounds)
EPCLE = 0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
A-678
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
20A060
4-NITROPHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jug/9
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.6E4
5.0EO
l.OE 0
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
28
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
100
20
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
lf
B Based on
Ecological Effects
1001"
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
28
140
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t
Phenolic compounds.
A-679
-------
GATE
RY: 20A
~^6-qiNITROPHENOL:
(picramic acid, picraminic acfd, dinitroamiiiophenol). 20A080
A solid. Dark red needles from alcohol, prisms from chloroform.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 199.12; mp: 169; flashes at 210; slightly
soluble In water, 65 mg/100 mi at 22-25°C.
WLN:
STRUCTURE!
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol is used in the manufacture of azo dyes, as an acid-base
indicator, and as a reagent for albumin (ref. 1).
It has been Identified in samples of finished drinking water (ref. 11).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological characteristics of 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol are reported to be similar to 2,4-dinitrophenol
(ref. 7). Toxicological data concerning dinitrophenols are given below.
Dinitrophenols are stronger acids than phenol. Contact of dinitrophenols with the skin may cause irrita-
tion or burns; they are readily absorbed through intact skin and through the respiratory tract (ref. 7).
Ingestion of 36 mg/kg of 2,4-dinitrophenol has resulted in human death (ref. 8).
Animal experiments indicate that dinitrophenols are more toxic than nitrophenols. They can cause
increases in metabolism and temperature, dermatitis, and eye and nerve damage (ref. 7).
LD5Q (oral, rat):
Aquatic toxicHy:
30 mg/kg for 2,4-dinitrophenol (ref. 8).
96 hr TLm for 2,4-d1n1trophenol is 10-1 ppm (ref. 8).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 u9/l of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for
domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 yg/1 of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources
to prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life:
Concentration no greater than 100 ug/1 at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols) (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962—Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/1 (for phenols) (ref. 5).
2,4-dinitrophenol is on EPA Consent Decree Priority III List.
' MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 45 x 30 = 1.35 x 103 ug/m3
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1.0 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCftH2 = 0.107 x 30 = 3.2 u9/mJ
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 30
EPCWHJ
EPC,
,JH2
2.4 u9/mj
15 x 2.4 = 36 ug/1
0.4 x 30 = 12 ug/1
1 ^g/1 (phenolic compounds)
LH
*Based on data for 2,4-dinitrophenol.
A-680
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
100 x 1 = TOO ug/fc
0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
EPCWE1 = 50 x 1 = 50 ug/1
EPC s = 100 ug/1 (phenolic compounds)
EPCLE = 0.2 x 50 = 10 ug/g
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
20A080
2-AM1NO-4.6.DINITROPHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goal!]
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.35E3
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
2.4
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, i^g/t
(ppm Wt)
Land, ^9/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
1*
B Based on
Ecological Effects
TOO1"
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
2.4
12
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic Compound
A-681
-------
CATEGORY; 20A
OINITROPHENOLS: CgH4N205 (dinitrohydroxybenzenes). 20A100
Dinitrophenols crystallize as colorless or yellowish
crystals.
2,4-DINITROPHENOL: 20A101
2,5-DINITROPHENOL: 20A102
2,6-DINITROPHENOL: 20A103
WLN: WNR XQ XNW
STRUCTURE;
PBOPEBTIES: Mol.wt.
2,4-dlnltrophenol 184.11
2,5-dinitrophenol 184.11
2,6-dim'trophenol 184.11
All isomers
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHA
TP
115
108
63
63-144
RACTER
bD
sublimes
ISTICS. AS
d
1.683
1.672-1.702
SOCIATED CC
solubility
slightly sol.
slightly sol.
insol.
MPOUNDS:
vap.d.
(5.35
6.35
All nitro compounds are potentially explosive.
Nitrophenols are formed by the reaction of nitric acid with phenols.
The dlnitrophenols are used as a mixture in the synthesis of dyestuffs and picric and plcramic adds. They
are used in the preservation of timber and in the manufacture of a photographic developer (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Dinitrophenols are stronger acids than phenol. Contact of dinitrophenols with the skin may cause
irritation or burns; they are readily absorbed through intact skin and through the respiratory tract
(ref. 1 ). Ingestion of 36 mg/kg of 2,4-dinitrophenol has resulted in human death (ref. 8).
Animal experiments indicate that dinitrophenols are more toxic than nitrophenols. They can cause
increases in metabolism and temperature, dermatitis, and eye and nerve damage (ref. 7).
LDLo (oral, rat): 30 mg/kg for dinitrophenol (presumably this is for a mixture of the various
i somers.)
The lowest LD^Q (oral, rat) for a single dinitrophenol isomer is reported as 30 mg/kg for 2,4-dinitrophenol.
Aquatic toxicity: 96-hour TLm for 2,4-dinitrophenol is 10-1 ppm (ref. 8).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/n of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/i of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 ug/fc at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols) (ref. 4 ).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 ug/Ji. (for phenols) (ref. 5).
2,4-dinitrophenol is on EPA Consent Decree Priority III List.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 30 = 1.35 x 103 ug/m3
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 1 • 100
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 » 20 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
.3
EPC
EPC
EPC
EPC
EPC
EPC
AH2
AH3
WH1
WH2
WHS
LH -
0.107 x 30 * 3.2 ug/nr
0.081 x 30 » 2.4 ug/m3
15 x 2.4 « 36 ug/3.
0.4 x 30 « 12 ug/i
1 ug/i (phenolic compounds)
0.2 x 1 « 0.2 ug/g
EPCWE1 » 50 x 1 » 50 yg/i
EPCW£S ' 100 ug/i (phenol 1
EPCLE • 0.2 x 50 • 10 yg/g
EPCWES * 10° W9/'JI (Pnenol1c compounds)
A-682
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
20A100
DINITROPHENOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m^
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimate*
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.35E3
5.0EO
l.OE 0
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
2.4
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m^
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
lf
B Based on
Ecological Effects
100f
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
2.4
12
0.2
B. Based on
tcofogical Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Phenolic compounds.
A-683
-------
CATEGORY: 20A
2.4.6-TRINITROPHENOL; CgHjN^ (picric acid).
Yellow crystals; odorless. 20A120
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 229.11; mp: 121.8; explodes above
300°; d: 1.763; vap. d: 7.90; slightly soluble in water.
WIN; WNR BQ CNW ENW
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Picric acid is a hazardous chemical. It is a known explosive. It reacts with metals
to form picrates, which are also explosive.
Nitrophenols are formed by the reaction of nitric acid with phenols.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Picric acid is a strong acid (K.
10"
Contact of picric acid with the skin may cause irritation, burns, or allergic reactions (ref.
Picric acid is absorbed through the skin. Ingestion of 1 to 2 grams in man causes severe
poisoning (ref. 9).
LQ,0 (unknown route of administration, dog): 50 mg/kg.
LDLo (oral, rabbit): 120 mg/kg.
7).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION, CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TIV = 0.1 mg/m3 (0.01 ppm).
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria : 1 yg/il of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic
water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3 ).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 yg/2, of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources tc
prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life: Concentration
no greater than 100 yg/J. at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols) (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 vg/l (for phenols) (ref. 5).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 100 ug/mj (0.011 ppm)
Water, Health: 5 x 1 = 5 yg/l
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 pg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 = 500 ug/H
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 * 100 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
103 x 0.1/420 = 0.24 yg/m3
°-011/420 = 2-6
A-5
'AHla ~ u-ull/t+cu ~ <-<0 * lu PPm
EPCWH1 = 15 x 0.24 = 3.6 yg/H
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 0.1 = 1.4 yg/l
EPC,,MS = 1 ng/i (phenolic compounds)
EPCLH = 0.2 x 1 = 0.2 bg/g
EPC,
EPC,
'WES
100 yg/Z. (phenolic compounds)
C.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
A-684
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
xx
20A120
2,4,6-TRINITROPHENOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, (jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, MS/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Bait Technology
A. Exuting Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factor!
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Band on
Health Effects
1.0E2
(0.011)
5.0EO
l.OE 0
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Lewi Goal'
Based on
Health Effects
0.24
(0.00003
1
0.2
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
)
100
20
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
lf
B Bated on
Ecological Effects
1001"
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Sued on
Health Effects
0.24
(0.00003)
1.4
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
20
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t
Phenolic compounds.
A-685
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 20A
Nitrophenolic Compounds - Nitrophenols
1. Hamblin, D. 0. Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds. Industrial Hy g iene
and Toxicology, Second Revised Edition, Vo 1. 2, F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience
Publishers, New York, NY (1963).
2. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth
Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Criteria for Water. EPA
440/9-76-023 (1976).
4. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water
Quality Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Wash-
ington, DC. EPA-R3-73-033 (1973).
5. U.S. Public Health Service. Drinking Water Standards: 1972. Title 42
CodP Federal Regulations, Part 72.
6. Han^y, R., and A. Schindler. Estimation of Permissible Concentration of
Pollutants for Continuous Exposure. Prepared by Research Triangle
Institute under Contract 68-02-1325 for Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC, EPA-600 12-76-155 (1976).
7. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and
Drugs, Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NO (1976).
8. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc.,
Rockville, MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
HEW Publication No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
9. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documenta-
tion of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with
Supplements, Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH (1974).
10. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
11. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds Identified
in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4-76-062, December 1976.
A-686
-------
CATEGORY 20
NITROPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 20B - Nitrocresols
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 3
number of parent compounds with subspecies ]
number of subspecies 2
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only g
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: None
A-687
-------
CATEGORY: 20B
4.6-OINITRO-o-CRESOL: CyHgNgOj (2,4-din1tro-o-cresol,
2-methyl-4,6-d1n1trophenol, 3,5-d1n1tro-2-hydroxy toluene).
Crystallizes as yellow prisms from ethanol. 20B020.
WIN: WNR BQ C ENW
STRUCTURE:
OH
PROPERTIES!
Molecular wt: 198; mp: 87.5; sparingly soluble 1n water; vap. d: 6.82;
moderately volatile with steam.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
All nltro compounds are potentially explosive.
Mtrophenols are formed by the reaction of nitric acid with phenols.
4,6-D1nitro-o-cresol 1s a selective herbicide and Insecticide (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
4,6-D1n1tro-o-cresol is a stronger acid than cresol. Contact with the skin may cause irritation or burns.
Local necrosis and dangerous systemic effects may result (ref. 1). Toxicity resembles that of dinitrophenol
(ref. 2). ,
Inhalation of 1 mg/m has produced central nervous system effects in man (ref. 3). Repeated dally exposure
results in considerable accumulation (ref. 4). The biological half-life in man is reported to be 5.78 days
(ref. 5).
LD50 (oral, rat): 25 mg/kg (ref. 3).
LC. (inhalation, cat): 40 mg/m3 (ref. 3).
Aquatic toxicity: TLm 96: 10-1 ppm (ref. 3).
The compound is very phytotoxlc (ref. 6).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
4,6-Qinitro-o-cresol is on EPA Consent Decree Priority III List.
TLV = 0.2 mg/nT (0.025 ppin)
EPA Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/£ of phenol (including phenolic compounds) for domestic water supply (welfare)
and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 7).
NAS/NAE 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/z of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources to prevent odor
from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects 1n aquatic life: Concentration no greater than
100'ug/n at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (for phenols)(ref. 8).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Regulations, 1962—Levels for alternate source selection: 1 ug/z
(for phenols)(ref. 9).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 200 vg/m3 (0.025 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 5x1=5 vg/t Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 * 500 vg/i
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 = 1 Mg/g Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 yg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
•AH1 '
'AHla
10J x 0.2/420
= 0.02C/420
0.5 ug/nT
6 x 10"5 ppm
EPCWH, =• 15 x 0.5 * 7.5 pg/2
EPCUH2 * 13.8 x 0.2 = 3 yg/i
EPCWHS - 1 ug/i (phenolic compounds)
EPC... * 0.2 x 1
Ln
0.2 ug/g
EPCWE1 * 50 x 1 = 50 ug/J.
EPC
EPC
WES
LE =
10° ug^8' (Phenollc compounds)
0.2 x 50 = 10 ug/g
A-688
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
xx
20B020
4.6-DlNITRQ-o-CRESOL
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, MS/I
(ppmWt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.0E2
(0.025)
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
0.5 ,
(6xio~b;
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
lf
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
1001"
II. Toxieity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
0.5 r
(6 x 10"b)
3
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-689
-------
CATEGORY: 20B
DINITRO-p-CRESOLS: C7H6N205 20B040
3,5-DINITRO-P-CRESOL: Solid crystals. 208041
2,6-OINITRO-p-CRESOL: Solid crystals. 208042
VVLN:
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
3,5-dinitro-p-cresol
2,6-dinitro-p-cresol
mol.wt. mp
198TT
198.1 85
solubility
in water
slightly
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2,6-Oinitro-p-cresol is used in dyestuff synthesis and in the
manufacture of photographic developer (ref. 6).
All nitro compounds are potentially explosive.
Nitrophenols are formed by the reaction of nitric acid with
phenols.
3,5-dinitro-p-cresol
OH
2,6-dinitro-p-cresol
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
3,5-Dinitro-p-cresol may cause brain damage, as well as damage to the liver and kidneys (ref.6).
Chemical
3,5-dinitro-p-cresol
LDBO
(mg/kg)
2,6-dinitro-p-cresol 24.8 (intraperitoneal, mouse)
LULo
(mg/kg)
15 (unknown route of administration, dog)
Toxiclty is similar to that of 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (ref. 2).
Aquatic toxicity: TLm 96:10-1 ppm for 4,6-d1nitro-o-cresol (ref. 3).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/mj (0.025 ppm) for 4,6-d1nitro-o-creso1.
EPA 1976 Water Quality Criteria: 1 Mq/l of phenol (inc)udlng phenolic compounds) for
domestic water supply (welfare) and to protect against fish flesh tainting (ref. 3).
NAS/NAE 1972 Water Quality Criteria: 1 ug/1 of phenolic compounds in public water supply sources
to prevent odor from chlorinated phenols. To prevent tainting and toxic effects in aquatic life:
Concentration no greater than 100 ug/1 at any time or place; application factor of 0.05 (ref. 4).
U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962--Levels for alternate source selection:
1 pg/1 (ref. 5).
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 200 ug/m3 (0.025 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 5x1=5 ug/4 Water, Ecology: 5 x 100 » 500 ug/fc
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5 - 1 ug/g Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100 ug/g
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAm > 103 x 0.2/420 "0.5 ug/m3
EPCAHla= 0.025/420 = 6 x 10"5 ppm
EPCWH1 * 15 x 0.5 • 7.5 vg/i
EPC
•WH2
13.8 x 0.2 » 3 ug/4
EPCWHS *
(Pnenol1c compounds)
EPC
1H
0.2 x 1 « 0.2 yg/g
*Based on data for 4,6-din1tro-0-cresol.
A-690
EPCWE1 " 50 x 1 « 50 yg/1
EP^WES ° *"" u9^ (phenolic compounds)
EPC.£ » 0.2 x 50 • 10 ug/g
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
xx
20B040
DINITRO-p-CRESOLS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, 8PT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors •)•
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.0E2
(0.025)
5.0EO
l.OEO
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
0.5,
(6xlO"b)
1
0.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, (ig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ngl\
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wtl
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
1?
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
100!
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
0.5 r-
(6 x 10"°)
3
0.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t Based on data for 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
T Phenolic compounds.
A-691
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 20B
Nitrophenolic Compounds - Nitrocresols
1. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and
Drugs, Ninth Edition. Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NO (1976).
2. Hamblin, D. 0. Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds. Industrial Hygiene
and Toxicology, Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2, Interscience Publishers,
New York, NY (19637:
3. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco, Inc., Rockville,
MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
(NIOSH) No. 76-191 (1976).
4. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation
of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supple-
ments, Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH (1974).
5. Handy, R., and A. Schindler. Estimation of Permissible Concentration of
Pollutants for Continuous Exposure. Prepared by Research Triangle Institute
under Contract 68-02-1325 for Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, EPA-600 12-76-155 (1976).
6. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth
Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Criteria for Water. EPA
440/9-76-023 (1976).
8. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Enqineerinq. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
EPA-R3-73-033 (1973).
9. U.S. Public Health Service. Drinking Water Standards: 1972. Title 42,
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 72.
A-692
-------
CATEGORY 21
FUSED POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS
SUBCATEGORY: 21A - Two- and Three-Ring Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 17
number of parent compounds with subspecies 4
number of subspecies ] ]
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 4
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory:
21A020 Naphthalene
21A100 Acenapthene
21A140 Anthracene
21A180 Phenanthrene
A-693
-------
CATEGORY:
21A
NAPHTHALENE: Clf)H8 (naphthalin, naphthaline,
naphthene, tar camphor). 21A020.
Colorless monoclinic crystals, aromatic odor.
WLN: L66J
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt:
128.18 nip: 80.55, bp:
218, 87.510; d:
1.025320, 0.9625™°°; vap. press: 1 mm at 52.6° C;
vap.d: 4.42; very low solubility in water; 3 mg/100 mi solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities
in water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Naphthalene is among the lower molecular weight polycyclic hydrocarbons comprising the volatile portion
of the benzene-soluble fraction of coal tar (ref. 2). Concentrations of 3.8 to 11.2 ug/n3 in urban air
are reported (ref. 3). Naphthalene is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
PPAH (ref. 4). The following concentrations of PPAH have been estimated or reported: Air (urban
environment in winter in seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m3 - 146 ng/m3 (ref. 4); groundwater
and surface treated water: 0.001 vg/t - 0.025 yg/£ (ref. 1); upper layer of Earth's crust: 100 ug/kg -
1,000 ug/kg (ref. 1).
Naphthalene is a byproduct of the coke industry and is recovered from coal tar (ref. 15). It is also
produced in petroleum refining (ref. 16). It is used as a moth repellant, in chemical and dye manufacturing,
in preserving wood, and in other uses (ref. 15).
Odor threshold is reported as 0.004 and 0.140 (ref. 16).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
LDgg (oral, rat): 1,780 mg/kg.
Naphthalene may cause irritation in concentrations of 15 ppm, and serious damage to eyes may
result from continuous exposure (ref. 2). It is readily absorbed when inhaled (ref. 15).
Naphthalene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic
to man. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application
(ref. 5). Naphthalene is reported to cause tumor's irv rats. The EPA/NIOSH
ordering number is 4101. The lowest dose to induce an oncogenic response is reported as 3,500 mg/kg.
The adjusted ordering number is 1.17. Naphthalene is considered inactive as a carcinogen (ref. 5).
Naphthalene has been rated as moderately toxic to aquatic organisms. The 96-hour TLm is reported
as 1-10 ppm (ref. 6). Naphthalene in concentrations of 1 mg/n may cause tainting of fish flesh (refs. 7,8).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOB SPECIFIC REGULATION!
Naphthalene appears on EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 2.
TLV: 50 mg/m3 (10 ppm)
TLV for coal-tar pitch: 0.2 mg/m [The specification includes naphthalene, anthracene, acridine,
phenanthrene, and fluorene collectively. The purpose of the TLV is to minimize concentrations of
higher weight polycyclic hydrocarbons which are carcinogenic (ref. 2).]
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 5.0 x 104 ug/m3 (10 ppm)
Water, Health: 15 x 5.0 x 104 = 7.5 x 105
Land, Health: 0.2 x 7.5 x 105 = 1.5 x 105 yg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 1 » 100
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 = 20 ug/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 10J x 50/420
EPC
AHla
10/420
EPCwm = 15 x 119
EPCWH2
119 ug/m
0.02 ppm
1,785 ug/£
50 = 690
EPC,
1H
0.2 x 690 = 138 ug/g
EPC,., = 103/(6 x 1.17) = 142 ug/m3
"AC2
EPCW(. - 15 x 142 = 2,130 vg/t
EPCLC = 0.2 x 2,130 = 426 yg/g
EPCWE1 = 50 x 1 = 50
EPC
EPC,
'WE2
1,000 u9/£ (to prevent tainting)
LE = 0.2 x 50 = 10 ug/g
A-694
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21A020
NAPHTHALENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, (jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, vgfl
(ppm Wt)
Land, jug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxioty Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
5.0E4
(10)
7.5E5
1.5E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E2
2.0E1
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
119
(0.02)
690
138
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
3.8 to 11. 2f
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
119
(0.02)
690
138
B Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
142
2,130
426
Reported for urban atmosphere. No rural concentration is required.
A-695
-------
ITEGORY:
iLKYL NA
1-METHYLNAP
2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE:
1-ETHYLNAPHTHALENE:
2-ETHYLNAPHTHALENE:
PROPERTIES:
1-methylnaphthalene
2-methy 1 naphthal ene
1-ethylnaphthalene
2-ethylnaphthalene
21A040
C11H10-
mol.wt.
142.20
142.20
156.23
156.23
A colorless liquid.
A solid. 21A042
A liquid. 21A043
A liquid. 21A044
21AQ41
WIN:
STRUCTURE;
34
-13^88
-7.4
2400° * 535
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 5,000 * 405 yg/m;
EPCWH1 = 15 x 405 = 6,075 ug/l
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 5,000 =• 2,000 ug/1
EPC, u = 0.2 x 2,000 = 400 vg/g
LH
A-696
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21A040
MONOALKYL NAPHTHALENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimate*
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.25E5
3.38E6
6.76E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
405
2,000
400
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, (ig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
405
2,000
400
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-697
-------
CATEGORY: 21A
PHENYLNAPHTHALENES: Clo
1-PHENYLNAPHTHALENE:
2-PHENYINAPHTHALENE:
,H7CgH5 21A060
A waxy solid. 21A061
A solid. 21A062
WLN;
STRUCTURE!
PROPERTIES:
1-phenylnaphthal ene:
2-pheny1naphthal ene:
mp. bp. d.
45 334'8U 1.096|'°
103-4 345-6
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
It has been reported that l,4-diphenylbuta-l,3-dienes, without
nitro substituents, undergo photo-reaction and oxidation to
1-phenylnaphthalene (ref.17).
Phenylnaphthalenes are likely to be associated with particulate
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
1-phenylnaphthalene
2-phenylnaphthalene
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, when administered topically to animals, may induce tumors
at the site of application (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes
the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
A-698
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21A060
PHENYLNAPHTHALENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Category
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
IR&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
Air, /*g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, jug/g
(ppm Wt)
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B, Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-699
-------
CATEGORY: 21A
lUHb IHV [-NAPHTHALENES: C10
1,4-DIMETHYLtoAPHTHALENE:
A liquid. 21A081
2,3-DIMETHYLNAPHTHALENE:
2,6-OIMETHYLNAPHTHALENE:
PROPERTIES:
1,4-dimethylnaphthalene
2,3-dimethyl naphthalene
2,6-dimethylnaphthalene
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Dimethyl naphthalenes have been isolated from crude petroleum
oil (ref. 5) and from coal tar (ref. 16).
Dimethyl naphthalenes have been reported in samples taken from
finished drinking water and from river water (ref. 9).
Dimethylnaphthalenes are likely to be associated with particulate
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
iC2H6 21A080
(crdimethyl naphthal ene) .
WUN:
STRUCTURE:
(guaiene). A solid. 21A082
A solid. 21A083
mol.wt. nip. bp.
156.23 7.66 268™u
156.23 105 268760
156.23 110-1 261-2780
d.
1.0166S0
1. 0031s
1. 1422
solubility
in water
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
1,4-dimethy1naphthal ene
CH,
2,3-dimethylnaphthalene
2,6-dimethylnaphthalene
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LDLo (oral,rat): 5,000 mg/kg for l.e-dimethylnaohthalene (ref. 6).
Specific toxic properties are not reported. Toxiclty is probably similar to that of monoalkyl
naphthalenes and naphthalene.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =s 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 5,000 = 2.25 x 105 \tg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 2.25 x 105 = 3.38 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.38 x 106 = 6.76 x 105 pg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0<107 x 5>00° = 535 w9/m3
EPC
ftH3
0.081 x 5,000 = 405
EPCUH1 = 15 x 405 = 6,075 ug/1
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 5,000 = 2,000 ug/1
EPC
LH
0.2 x 2,000 = 400 ug/g
A-700
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL 21A080
GOALS DIMETHYLNAPHTHALENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, no/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
IMSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Onveloplng Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.25E5
3.38E6
6.76E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
405
2,000
400
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, Mg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
405
2,000
400
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-701
-------
CATEGORY: 21A WLN:
ACENAPHTHENE: C10H6(CH2)2 (1,2-dihydroacenaphthylene,
penethylenenaphthalene, 1,8-ethylenenaphthalene, STRUCTURE:
naphthyleneethylene). 21A100
White elongate crystals.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt:154.21; mp:96.2; bp:2797eo; d:1.0242|9;
vap. press: 10 mm at 131.2°; vap.d:5.32; insoluble in
water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Acenaphthene is found to occur naturally in coal tar and in petroleum residues (ref. 10) and is
likely to be associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Acenaphthene is used as a dye intermediate, in the manufacture of plastics, and as an insecticide
and a fungicide. It can be formed by the heated reaction between ethylene and benzene or naphthalene
(ref. 10).
Acenaphthene has been found in samples taken from finished drinking water, well water, and river
water (ref. 9) and in urban air (ref. 11).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
Acenaphthene is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes (ref. 12).
Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, when administered topically to animals, may induce tumors
at the site of application (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Acenaphthene is on the EPA Consent Decree Priority 1 list.
TLV (coal tar pitch volatiles): 0.2 mg/m3.
(The specification includes naphthalene, anthracene, acridine, phenanthrene, and fluorene,
collectively. The purpose of the TLV is to minimize concentrations of higher weight polycyclic
hydrocarbons that are carcinogenic [ref. 2].)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRA'. IONS:
A-702
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21A100
ACENAPHTHENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt>
Land, jjg/g
{ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
8. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
/ppm Wt)
Land, (ig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Baled on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
Ml. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-703
-------
CATEGORY; 21A WLN:
ACENAPHTHYLENE: C10H6(CH)2 21A120
A solid. STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt:152.21; mp:92-3; bp:265-75; d:0.8988J6; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Acenaphthylene has been reported in samples taken from finished
drinking water and from well water (ref. 9).
Acenaphthylene is likely to be associated with participate polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Certain poylycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, when administered topically to animals, may induce tumors
at the site of application (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV (coal tar pitch volatiles):0.2 mg/n3
(The specification includes naphthalene, anthracene, acridine, phenanthrene, and fluorene, collectively.
The purpose of the TLV is to minimize concentrations of higher weiqht polycyclic hydrocarbons that are
carcinogenic [ref. 2]).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-704
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21A120
ACENAPHTHYLENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jag/rn
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effect!
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-705
-------
CATEGORY: 21A WIN: L C666J
ANTHRACENE: C14H10 STRUCTURE:
Colorless, monoclinic plates (when pure) with
violet fluorescence. 21A140
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 178; mp: 216.2-216.4; bp: 340, 226.553; d: 1.28325;
vap.press.: 1 mm at 145.0° C; sublimes; vap. d: 6.15; insoluble in
water, solubility may be enhanced by surfactant Impurities in water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Anthracene is among the lower molecular weight polycyclic hydrocarbons comprising the volatile
portion of the benzene-soluble fraction of coal tar (ref. 2). Concentrations of 0.5252 ug/1,500 m3
and 2 ug/1,000 m 1n urban air are reported (ref. 3). This is equivalent to 0.00035 to 0.002 ug/m3.
Anthracene is associated with partlculate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH, (ref. 4). The
following concentrations of PPAH have been estimated or reported: Air (urban environment in winter
1n seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m3 - 146 ng/m3 (ref. 4); ground-water and surface-treated
water: 0.001 vg/l - 0.025 ug/£ (ref. 1); upper layer of Earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg
(ref. 1); upper layer of Earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg (ref. 1); estuarine sediment: 8 yg/kg
170 ug/kg (ref. 11).
Anthracene 1s an important source of dyestuffs (ref. 10).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
No specific information is available relative to acute toxic properties of anthracene.
Anthracene may be present in soot, coal-tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to man.
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 5).
Anthracene has been shown to produce tumors 1n mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number
1s 4112. The lowest dose to Induce an oncogenic response 1s reported as 3,300 mg/kg. The
adjusted ordering number is 1.25.
Anthracene is considered inactive as a carcinogen (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA, RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Anthracene appears on EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
TLV (coal tar pitch volatiles): 0.2 mg/m3. [The specification includes naphthalene, anthracene,
acridine, phenathrene, and fluorene, collectively. The purpose of the TLV is to minimize
concentrations of higher-weight polycyclic hydrocarbons which are carcinogenic (ref. 2).]
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/1.25 = 5.6 x 104 yg/m3 A1r, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 5.6 x 104 » 8.4 x 105 yg/£ Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 8.4 x 10 = 1.68 x 10 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 =• 103/(6 x 1.25) = 133 ug/m3
EPCWC = 15 x 133 = 1,995 pg/£
EPCU = 0.2 x 1,995 = 399 ug/g
A-706
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21A140
ANTHRACENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
IMSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
5.6E4
8.4E5
1.7E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effect!
133
1,995
399
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.00035-
0.002+
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Baled on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
133
1,995
399
Reported For Urban Atmosphere. No Rural Concentration Is Reported.
A-707
-------
CATEGORY: 21A WLN:
Z./'DiMbtHYLANTHRACENE: C16H14 21A160
Yellow crystals. STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 206.112; mp: 241, insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2,7-Dimethylanthracene is likely to be associated with particulate polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons. The compound occurs in the low temperature fraction of
coal tar distillate (ref. 13).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons when administered topically to animals may induce tumors
at the site of application (ref. 5). Specific activity of this compound is not reported, although the
9,10 dimethyl isomer has shown slight carcinogenic activity (ref. 5). Several dimethyl anthracenes are
considered inactive (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-708
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
21A160
GOALS 2,7-DIMETHYLANTHRACENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background'
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, iug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, cg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-709
-------
CATEGORY: 21A WLN: LB666J
PHENANTHRENE: CUH]Q. 21A180 STRUCTURE;
Monoclinic crystals from alcohol; solutions exhibit
faint blue fluorescence.
"' ''O
PROPERTIES: v ^ / v ^-^ >
Molecular wt: 178; mp: 101; bp: 340; d: 0.98004; vap. press.: 1 mm at 118.3; vap. d: 6.14;
insoluble in water; solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 1);
lipid solubility: 2 percent solution in olive oil (ref. 14).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Phenanthrene is among the lower molecular weight polycyclic hydrocarbons comprising the volatile
portion of the benzene-soluble fraction of coal tar (ref. 2). Concentrations of 0.6102 ug/1,500 m3
and 6 ug/1,000 m3 in urban air are reported (ref. 3). This is equivalent to 0.0004 to 0.006 ug/m3.
Phenanthrene is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH, (ref. 4). The
following concentrations of PPAH have been estimated or reported: Air (urban environment in winter
in seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m - 146 ng/m3 (ref. 4); groundwater and surface-treated
water: 0.001 ug/£ - 0.025 ug/£ (ref. 1 ); upper layer of Earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg
(ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LD5g (oral, mouse): 700 mg/kg.
Phenanthrene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to man.
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 5).
Phenanthrene is reported to produce tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is
3121. The lowest dose to induce an oncogenic response is reported as 71 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering
number is 44.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Phenanthrene appears on EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
TLV (coal-tar pitch volatiles): 0.2 mg/m . [The specification includes naphthalene, anthracene,
acridine, phenanthrene, and fluorene, collectively. The purpose of the TLV is to minimize concen-
trations of higher weight polycyclic hydrocarbons which are carcinogenic (ref. 2)].
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 7 x 104/44 = 1.59 x 103 yg/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.59 x 103 = 2.39 x 104 vg/l Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.39 x 10 = 4.78 x 103 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCftH2 = 0.107 x 700 » 75 yg/m3
EPCAH3 - 0.081 x 700 = 57 ug/m3
EPCUH1 = 15 x 57 = 855
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 700 = 280
EPCLH = 0.2 x 280 = 56 ug/g
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 44) = 3.8 ug/m3
EPCWC • 15 x 3.8 = 57 ug/£
EPCLC = 0.2 x 57 = 11.4 ug/g
A-710
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
21A180
•PHENANTHRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicitv Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.6E3
2.4E4
4.8E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
3.8
57
11.4
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.0004 to
0.006
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
2
Air, j^g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
57
280
56
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
3.8
57
11.4
A-711
-------
[Y: 21A
iNANTHRENES:
,--.---, C1SH12 21A200
i-HETHYLIJHtNANIHKENE: A solid. 21A201
3-METHYLPHENANTHRENE: A solid. 21A202
PROPERTIES:
1-methy1phenanthrene
3-raethy1phenanthrene
mol.wt
I3O5
192.26
140-506
solubility
in water
insoluble
soluble in
hot water
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Methylphenanthrene has been reported in urban atmosnhere
at a concentration of 0.5825 ug/1,500 m3 or 0.0004 vg/m3 (ref. 3).
Methylphenanthrenes are likely to be associated with particulate
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
nRo;
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, when administered topically to animals, may induce tumors
at the site of application (ref. 5).
Specific activity of 1-methyl and 3-methyl phenanthrene is not reported.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.}
,.Jl;LlCOa1h"tart£ltc:h v°1atl]es): 0-2 mg/m • [The specification includes naphthalene, anthracene,
of MnE; ph?n*nthr?ne- ??d I1"01™8' collectively. The purpose of the TLV is to minimize concentrations
of higher weight polycyclic hydrocarbons which are carcinogenic (ref 2)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-712
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21A200
METHYLPHENANTHRENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Bued on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.0004f
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, (ig/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effect!
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Urban atmosphere concentration. Rural background value not available.
A-713
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 21A
Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons -
Two- and Three-Ring Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
1. Andeltnan, J. B., and M. J. Suess. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the
Water Environment. Bull Mid. Hlth. Org. 43: 479-508 (1970).
2- American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH (1974).
3. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer,
IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic Organic
Matter (PPOM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-74-001 (1975).
5. Dipple, A. Polynuclear Aromatic Carcinogens. Chemical Carcinogens. ACS Mono-
gr~aph 173. C. E. Searle, Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1976)
6. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracor Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
7. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
8. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, National Technical Advisory
Committee Report. Water Quality Criteria (1968).
9. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4-76-062, December 1976.
10. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
11. Kingsbury, G. L., R. C. Sims, and J. B. White. Source and Ambient Concen-
tration Data for Polycyclic Organic Matter. Vol. I-III. Draft of Report
Prepared by Research Triangle Institute, under Contract No. 68-02-2612 for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from J. 0. Milliken, Project
Officer, IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1978).
A-714
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 21A (Continued)
12. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
13. Josephy, E., and F. Radt. Elsevier's Encyclopedia of Organic Chemisty, Vol.
13, Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc. (1940).
14. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity: 1961-1962 Volume. Prepared by John I. Thompson and
Co., Rockville, MD under Contract No. NIH-69-2086 for National Cancer Institute.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
15. Gerarde, H. W. The Alicyclic Hydrocarbons. Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology,
Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2, F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishing,
New York, NY (19637":
16. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
17. Rodd, E. H. Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Vol. Ill, Part F, Elsevier
Publishing Company, Inc., New York, NY (1965).
A-715
-------
CATEGORY 21
FUSED POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS
SUBCATEGORY: 21B - Four Ring Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 23
number of parent compounds with subspecies 3
number of subspecies 15
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 2
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 2
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 7
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 3
21B040 Benz(a)anthracene
21B120 Chrysene
21B180 Pyrenes
A-717
-------
CATEGORY: 21B WLN: L 16 C6660
NAPHTHACENE: C,gH12(2,3-benzanthracene, tetracene, chrysogen, STRUCTURE:
benzo(b)anthracene).
Crystallizes from xylene in orange leaflets;
solutions show slight green fluorescence. 21B020
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 228.28; mp: 341; sublimes in vacuo; insoluble in
water; solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in
water (ref.1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Naphthacene occurs in coal tar.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Naphthacene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to man.
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 2).
Naphthacene is considered inactive as a carcinogen {ref. 2).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m [for particulate polycycl
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.]
TLV = 0.2 mg/m [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This TLV recognizes the
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-718
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21B020
NAPHTHACENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m^
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, pig/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ug/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-719
-------
21B040
CATEGORY: 21B
BENZ(a)ANTHRACENE: C18H12 (benzo(b)phenanthrene,
1,2-benzanthracene, 2,3-benzophenanthrene, BA).
Crystallizes in the form of plates from ethanol
Solutions exhibit greenish-yellow fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt.: 228.28; mp: 158-9; bp: 400
may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref.
neutral, sterile olive oil (ref. 3).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
WIN:
STRUCTURE:
L 06 B666J
C; sublimes; Insoluble in water; solubility
1); 11p1d solubility: 0.6 mg/0.2 ml
Benz(a)anthracene occurs in coal tar and 1s associated with particulate polycycllc aromatic
hydrocarbons, PPAH. The lowest urban air concentration reported for benz(a)anthracene is
44.69 ug/1500 m3 (ref. 4). This is equivalent to 0.029 yg/m3.
Concentrations of BA 1n soils (nonindustrial areas) ranging from 5-20 ug/kg have been
reported (ref. 5). BA has also been identified in river water and estuarine sediments (ref. 6).
Other concentrations of BA are reported as follows: (a) drinking water - 23.2 yg/m3;
(b) cooked meat or fish - 189 ug/kg; (c) vegetables - 230 ug/kg; (d) roasted coffee -
14.2 ug/kg (ref. 5).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LDLo {intravenous, mouse): 10 mg/kg.
Benz(a)anthracene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be
carcinogenic to man. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at
the site of application (ref. 2). Benz(a)anthracene has been shown to produce tumors in
mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3,124. The lowest dose to Induce a carcinogenic
response is reported as 2 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering number is 1562.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV » 0.2 mg/m3 [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This TLV recognizes
the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively].
Benz(a)anthracene appears on the EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/1,562 = 44.8 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 44.8 * 672 vg/t
Land, Health: 0.2 x 672 = 134.4 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 « 0.107 x 10
1.07
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 10 = 0.81 ug/nr
EPCwm = 15 x 0.81 = 12.2 vg/l
EPCWH2 * 0.4 x 10 = 4.0 vg/l
EPCLH = 0.2 x 4 = 0.8 ug/g
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 1,562) = 0.11 ug/m3
EPCWC = 15 x 0.11 * 1.65 ug/£
EPCLC = 0.2 x 1.65 = 0.33 vg/g
A-720
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
XXX
21B040
BENZ(a)ANTHRACENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimate)
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.5E1
6.7E2
1.34E2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
0.11
1.65
0.33
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.0291"
0.0231
0.02
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
0.81
4.0
0.8
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
0.11
1.65
0.33
t Reported for urban air. No rural concentration is reported.
I Drinking water.
A-721
-------
CATEGORY: 21s
C20H16"
(9,10-dimethyl-l,2-
I D6 B666J CJ
STRUCTURE:
CH
7,12-DIHETHYLBENZ(a)ANTHRACENE:
benzanthracene, DMBA). 21B060
Crystalizes as greenish-yellow plates from acetone-alcohol,
maximum fluorescence at 440 ran.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt.: 256.33; mp: 122-123; insoluble In water; solubility may be enhanced'by surfactant
Impurities 1n water (ref. 1 ), and by purlnes such as caffeine (ref. 7); Hpld solubility: 50 mg/ml
1n tributyrln tref. 8).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Although 7,l2-d1methylbenz(a)anthracene has not been positively Identified In products of
coal pyrolysls, the molecular weight fraction corresponding to the compound has been Isolated.
It 1s generally presumed to be associated with partlculate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
and with coal tar. It has been Identified in soil adjacent to an oil refinery (ref. 6).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LD50 Coral,mouse): 340 mg/kg.
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene Is known to be highly carcinogenic 1n experimental animals
(ref. 2 ). Experimental evidence also indicates that It is a teratogenic agent In rats
(ref. 9).
The EPA/NIOSH ordering number based on carclnogenlclty Is 5,729. The lowest dose to
induce a carcinogenic response 1s 21 ug/kg, and the adjusted ordering number 1s 272,809.
The EPA/NIOSH ordering number based on teratogeniclty Is 4,102, with the lowest dosage being
20 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering number 1s 205.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV * 0.2 mg/m3 (for partlculate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV
recognizes the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/272,809 =• 0.26 yg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 0.26 - 3.9 yg/i
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.9 = 0.78 ug/g
A1r, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 =• 0.107 x 340 = 36.4 yg/m3
EPCAH3 • 0.081 x 340 - 27.5 yg/m3
EPCWH1 =• 15 x 27.5 ' 413 yg/l
EPCWH2 =• 0.4 x 340 « 136 yg/i
27.2
EPCLH =• 0.2 x 136
EPCAC2 =• 103/C6 x 272,809) » 0.0006 ug/m3
EPCWC = 15 x 0.006 = 0.009 ug/i
EPC,
1C
0.2 x 0.009
1.8 x 10"3 ug/g
EPC
EPC
EPC
'AT
•WT
10J/(6 x 205) -0.8 ug/mj
15 xO.8 - 12 vg/i
:LT » 0.2 x 12 = 2.4 wg/g
A-722
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
XXX
21B060
7.12-DIMETHYLBENZ(a)ANTHRACENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/tn^
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambiont Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.6E-1
3.9EO
7.8E-1
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
0.0006
0.009
0.0018
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, Aig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
27.5
136
27.2
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
0.0006
0.009
0.0018
A-723
-------
CATEGORY: 21B
3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE: C21Hlg (1,2-dihydro-3-methylbenz(j)-
aceanthrylene, 20-methylcholanthrene).
Straw-yellow needles from benzene. 21B080
VVLN: L E6 D6656 1A T&&&T&J R
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES: 20
Molecular wt: 268.37; mp: 176.5-177.5; d: 1.28 ;
insoluble in water; solubility may be enhanced by
surfactant impurities in water (ref. 1); lipid solu-
bility: 12 mg/ml in tributyrin (ref. 8).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
3-Methylcholanthrene may be formed by the pyrolytic degradation of cholesterol derivatives (ref. 7).
The compound may occur as a constituent of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH, but
reports of its occurrence were not located. It is not reported to be present in natural waters or
soils.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Systemic effects observed in mice exposed to 3-methylcholanthrene include inflammation of the liver,
kidney and lungs, hyperplasia of the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes (ref. 16). The disappearance
rate of 3-methylcholanthrene from the site of subcutaneous injection indicates a half life of 3.5 weeks (ref. 16).
3-Methylcholanthrene is a known carcinogen. It causes chromosome aberrations in mammalian cells (ref. 10).
The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 5,829. The lowest dose to induce a response is reported as 0.312 mg/kg. The
adjusted ordering number is 18,683.
Teratogenic effects in mice and in lower animals (newt, tadpoles) have also been observed (ref. 16).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV » 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/18,683 = 3.75 pg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 3.75 = 56 yg/z.
Land, Health: 0.2 x 56 » 11.2 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 => 103/(6 x 18,683) = 0.009 yg/m3
EPCW(. - 15 x 0.009 = 0.14 yg/8.
EPC,
1C
0.2 x 0.14 = 0.03 yg/g
A-724
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
XXX
21B080
3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/tn3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, Mg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Enomwnng Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.8EO
5.6E1
1.1 El
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Basud on
Health Effects
0.009
0.14
0.03
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
0.009
0.14
0.03
A-725
-------
WLN:
BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE:
1-METHYL-BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE
2-METHYL-8ENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE
5-METHYL-BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE
6-METHYL-BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE
7-METHYL-BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE
8-METHYL-BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE
2-ETHYL-BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE
6-ETHYL-BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE
n-PROPYL-BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE
ISOPROPYL-BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE
'. DERIVATIVES:
C18H12.
NE C19H14.
NE C19H14.
NE C19H14.
NE C19H14.
NE C19H14.
NE C19H14.
E C2oHi7.
E £20^17-
NE C21H18.
ENE C21H1S.
Solids.
21B101
21B102
21B103
21B104
21B105
21B106
21B107
21B108
21B109
21B108
21B10b
21B100
L C6 B666J
STRUCTURE;
PROPERTIES:
Compound Molecular wt.
benzo(c)phenanthrene
l-methyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
2-methyl- benzo (c)phenanthrene
5-methy 1 - benzo ( c ) phenanthrene
6-methyl- benzo (c) phenanthrene
7-methyl- benzo (c ) phenanthrene
8-methy 1 - benzo ( c jphenanthrene
2-ethyl-benzo(c) phenanthrene
6-ethy 1 - benzo (c ) phenanthrene
n-propyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene
i sopropy 1 - benzo(c) phenanthrene
228.30
242.33
242.33
242.33
242.33
242.33
242.33
257.37
257.37
270.39
270.39
mp
68
77-78
71
140-141
81-82
54
107-108
67-68
82-83
67-68
76-77
where R is alkyl group.
All insoluble in water although solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities
in water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
The urban a-' concentration of benzo(c)phenanthrene is reported as 9.781 ug/1,500 m3 (ref. 4). This
is equivalent to 6.5 ng/m3. Benzo(c)phenanthrene and its alkyl derivatives probably occur as constituents
of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH.
X-ray analysis shows that benzo(c)phenanthrene is not planar. The four rings are inclined to each
other. The compound therefore has a dipole moment.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benzo(c)phenanthrene is rated by the National Academy of Science as strongly carcinogenic (ref. 11).
(Presumably, alkyl derivatives as well as the parent compound are treated collectively in the rating.)
Benzo(c)phenanthrene and eight of its alkyl derivatives have produced tumors in mice (ref. 12). The
EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3,119; the lowest dosage to induce an oncogenic response is 10 mg/kg
(for 5-methyl benzo(c)phenanthrene). The adjusted ordering number for the compounds collectively
is 312.
Oncogenic properties of benzo(c)phenanthrene are increased by the introduction of alky groups.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
7 x 104/312 = 224 ug/m3
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health:
Water, Health: 15 x 224 = 3,360 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3,360 = 672 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 312) « 0.5 ug/m3
EPC
EPC
•wc = 15 x 0.5 = 7.5 ug/1
LC
= 0.2 x 7.5 = 1.5 ug/g
A-726
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
21B100
BENZO(c)PHENANTHRENE & ALKYL DERIVATIVES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, (jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
^
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals}
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.24E2
3.36E3
6.73E2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
B^sttd on
Health Effects
0.5
7.5
1.5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.006
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ;jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ,ug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
0.5
7.5
1.5
A-727
-------
CATEGORY: 21B WLN: L E6 B666J
CHRYSENE: C18H12 (1,2-benzophenantnrene, benz(a) STRUCTURE:
phenanthrene). 21B120
Crystallizes 1n the form of plates; solutions and crystals exhibit
blue fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 228.28; mp: 255-256; sublimes 1n vacuo; bp: 448; d: 1.27420; Insoluble In water,
solubility may be enhanced by surfactant Impurities 1n water (ref. 1); I1p1d solubility: 7.5 percent solution
1n olive oil (ref. 5).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Chrysene occurs 1n coal tar, 1s formed during distillation of coal, and 1s a product of pyrolysls of
many fats and oils. Chrysene 1s associated with paniculate polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 13).
Environmental concentrations of chrysene are reported as follows: urban air—0.23 ng/m3 (ref. 4).
surface water—11.8-38.2 ug/m3; sand—15 ug/kg (ref. 5).
Maximum concentrations of chrysene 1n foods are also reported: cooked meat or fish—173 ug/kg;
vegetables—395 ug/kg; roasted coffee—19.1 ug/kg (ref. 5).
Chrysene has also been identified in the mineral Curtisite (ref. 6).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Chrysene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to man. Car-
cinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 2). Chrysene
is reported to produce tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3,122. The lowest
dose to induce an oncogenlc response is reported as 99 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering number is 31.5.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Chrysene appears on the EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
TLV » 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/31.5 • 2.22 x 103 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 2.22 x 103 =• 3.33 x 104 ugA Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.33 x 104 = 6.66 x 103 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPCAC2 « 103/(6 x 31.5) ' 5.29 Mg/m3
EPCWC » 15 x 5.29 = 79.4 ug/l
EPCL(. =• 0.2 x 79,4 = 15.88 ug/g
A-728
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21B120
CHRYSENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air a/ 3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
M. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.22E3
3.33E4
6.6E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
5.29
79.4
15.88
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
2.3xlO"4t
0.01 to 0.04
0.015
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effect!
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effect!
5.29
79.4
15.88
t Reported for urban air. No rural concentration is reported.
A-729
-------
CATEGORY: 21 8
METHYL CHRYSENES: C19HU (methyl-l,2-benzophenanthrene) . 21B140 STRUCTURE
The 4-methyl and 5-methyl chrysenes exhibit fluorescence.
4-METHYL CHRYSENE. 21B141
5-METHYL CHRYSENE. 21B142
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 242; mp: 117-254; Insoluble 1n water;
solubility may be enhanced by surfactant Impurities 1n water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Methyl chrysenes are associated with partlculate polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons and with coal tar.
The urban-air concentration for methyl chrysenes 1s reported as 6.195 ug/1500 m (ref. 4). This 1s
equivalent to 4.1 ng/m . Methyl chrysenes have also been detected in the polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbon
fraction of marine sediments (ref. 14).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
Methyl chrysenes may be present in soot, coal tar, oils, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic
to man. Carcinogenic polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons may Induce tumors at the site of application
(ref. 2). Five methyl chrysenes are reported to cause tumors in mice. The collective
EPA/NIOSH ordering number for the five compounds 1s 3123. The lowest dose to induce an oncogenic
response is reported as 80 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering number for the methyl chrysenes collectively
1s 39.
Carcinogenic activity may be Increased or decreased depending on the methylation site. In tests
involving chrysene and six methyl isomers, 5-methyl chrysene was shown to be the most potent carcinogen
(ref. 17).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV « 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/39 * 1.79 x 103 ug/n3 A1r, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.79 x 103 • 2.69 x 104 vg/i Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.69 x 104 = 5.4 x 10 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 « 103/(6 x 39) - 4.3 yg/m3
EPCWC - 15 x 4.3 =• 64.5 ug/i
EPCLC - 0.2 x 64.5 = 12.9
A-730
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21B140
METHYL CHRYSENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
IMSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.8E3
2.7E4
5.4E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
4.3
64.5
12.9
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.004f
'To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
4.3
64.5
12.9
Reported for urban atmosphere. No rural concentration is reported.
A-731
-------
CATEGORY: 21B WIN: L 86 H666J
TRIPHENYLENE: C18H12 (1,2:3,4-dibenznaphthalene; STRUCTURE:
9,10-benzophenanathrene). 21B160
Crystallizes in the form of long needles; solutions
exhibit blue fluoresence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 228.28; mp: 199; sublimes; bp: 425;
d: 1.302; insoluble in water; solubility may be enhanced
by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Triphenylene occurs to a small extent in coal tar. It has been identified in urban air in con-
centrations of 0.24 ug/100 mj (ref. 6.). This is equivalent to 0.0024 ug/m .
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Triphenylene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic
to man. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of
application (ref. 2).
Triphenylene is considered inactive as a carcinogen (ref. 2).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV » 0.2 mg/m [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This TLV recognizes
the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.]
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-732
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21B160
TRIPHENYLENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, Mg/g
(ppm Wtl
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standardi
IMSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.0024+
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, Mg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ag/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t
Reported for urban air.
A-733
-------
CATEGORY: 218 WIN: L666 86 2AB PJ
PYRENE: C16H10 (benzo(def)phenanthrene). 218180 STRUCTURE:
Crystallizes as pale yellow plates; solutions
show slight blue fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 202; mp: 149-50; sublimes; bp: > 360; d: 1.271^3; Insoluble in water;
solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Pyrene occurs in coal tar. It is also obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of hard coal. The
lowest reported concentration of pyrene in urban areas is 0.45 mg/m3 (ref. 4). This is equivalent to
450 ug/m3-
Pyrene is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 13). The
following concentrations of carcinogenic PPAH have been estimated or reported: air (urban environment
in winter 1n seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m3 - 146 ng/m3 (ref. 13); ground-water and surface-
treated water: 0.001 wg/i - 0.025 ug/i (ref. 1); upper layer of earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg
(ref. Ij. It has also been identified in marine and estuarine sediments, 1n industrial associated soils,
and in snow (ref. 6).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Pyrene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to man.
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 2).
Although not considered a highly active carcinogen, in high dosages it lias produced tumors in mice.
The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3,121. The lowest toxic dose reported to produce an oncogenic
response is 10 g/kg. This is equivalent to 10,000 mg. The adjusted ordering number is 0.3.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
Pyrene appears on the EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 7 x 104/0.3 = 2.3 x 105 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 2.3 x 105 = 3.45 x 106 ug/l Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.45 x 106 = 6.9 x 105 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 103/C6 x 0.3) =• 555.6
EPCWC « 15 x 555.6 = 8,333 vg/l
EPCLC = 0.2 x 833 = 167 ug/g
A-734
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21B180
PYRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.3E5
3.45E6
6.9E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
556
8,333
167
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
450 f
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
556
8,333
167
Value reported for urban atmosphere. Rural atmosphere concentration not reported.
A-735
-------
CATEGORY: 218 WLN;
1-HETHYLPYRENE: C17H12 21B200
Solid crystals. STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 216.096; mp: 71-72; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Methylpyrene has been reported in urban atmosphere at a concentration
of 2.622 ug/1,500 ms (ref. 4). This is equivalent to 0.0017 yg/m .
Methylpyrene is likely to be associated with particulate polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons when administered topically to animals may induce tumors
at the site of application (ref. 2). Evidence of carcinogenic potential for 1-methylpyrene is not
available. 2-Methylpyrene is considered inactive {ref. 2).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
A-736
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21B200
1-METHYLPYRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, A/g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.0017f
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jafl/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
tReported for urban air.
A-737
-------
CATEGORY: 21B WLN:
DIMETHYL PYRENES: ClgH14. 21B220 STRUCTURE:
Crystallize in the form of plates from petroleum ether.
3,4-DIMETHYL PYRENE : 218221
4,5-DIMETHYL PYRENE : 21B222
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 232; Insoluble in water; solubility may
be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. i).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Alkyl pyrenes have been Isolated from coal tar and from soot (ref. 15).
Dimethyl pyrenes are associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH
(ref. 13). The following concentrations of carcinogenic PPAH have been estimated or reported:
Air (urban environment in winter in seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m3 - 146 ng/m3 (ref.
13); ground-water and surface-treated water: 0.001 ug/s. - 0.025 ug/n (ref. 1 ): upper layer
of Earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg (ref. 1 ).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Dimethyl pyrenes may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch which are known to be carcinogenic
to man. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application
(ref. 2). There is no evidence to indicate that the dimethylpyrenes alone are carcinogenic.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV » 0.2 mg/m3 [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This TLV recognizes
the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively].
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
A-738
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21B220
DIMETHYL PYRENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ,ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 21B
Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons -
Four Ring Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
!• Andelman, J. B., and M. J. Suess. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the
Water Environment. Bull Wld. Hlth. Org. 43: 479-508 (1970).
2. Dipple, A. Polynuclear Aromatic Carcinogens. Chemical Carcinogens. ACS
Monograph 173. C. E. Searle, Ed, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1976),
3. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity: 1961-1962 Volume. Prepared by John I. Thompson and
Co., Rockville, MD under Contract No. NIH-69-2086 for National Cancer Institute.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
4- Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer,
IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
5- International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evalua-
tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 3, Lyon, France. A World
Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva (1973).
6- Kingsbury, G. L., R. C. Sims, and J. B. White. Source and Ambient Concen-
tration Data for Polycyclic Organic Matter. Vol. I-III. Draft of Report
Prepared by Research Triangle Institute, under Contract No. 68-02-2612 for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from J. 0. Milliken, Project
Officer, IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1978).
7- Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
8- Kennedy, G. Y. Simple Gastric Fistula Tube. Comp. Biochem. Physio!. 36: 415-
417 (1970).
9- Tomatis, L., and U. Mohr. Transplacental Carcinogenesis. IARC Scientific
Publication No. 4, Lyon, France. A World Health Organization Publication
(WHO), Geneva (1973).
10- Fishbein, L., W. G. Flamm, and H. L. Falk. Chemical Mutagens: Environmental
Effects on Biological Systems. Academic Press, New York, NY (1970).
11- National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. Particulate Poly-
cyclic Organic Matter. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (1972).
12. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracor Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
A-740
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 21B (Continued)
13. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Participate Polycyclic Organic
Matter (PPOM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-74-001 (1975).
14. Blumer, M., and W. W. Youngblood. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils
and Recent Sediments. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA
WHOI-76-26 (1976).
15. Clar, E. J. Polycyclic Hydrocarbons. Academic Press, London (1964).
16. Braunstein, H. M., E. D. Copenhauer, and H. A. Pfuderer (Eds.) Environmental
Health, and Control Aspects of Coal Conversion: An Information Overview.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830. Prepared for the Energy
Research and Development Administration, April 1977.
17. LaVoie, E., V. Bedenko, M. Hi rota, S. Hecht, and D. Hoffman. (Naylor Dana
Institute for Disease Prevention, Vahalla, MY) 1978. A Comparison of the
Mutagenicity, Tumor Initiating Activity, and Complete Carcinogenicity of
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Presented at the Third International
Symposium on Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Battelle Laboratories,
Columbus, OH, October 25-27.
A-741
-------
CATEGORY 21
FUSED POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS
SUBCATEGORY: 21C - Five Ring Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory ....................................... 8
number of parent compounds with subspecies ................................. Q
number of subspecies [[[ Q
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity ,
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 2
21C080 Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
-------
CATEGORY: 21C
1.2-BENZONAPHTHACENE: C22H14 21C020
(2,3-naptho-2,3-phenanthrene; naphtho-1',2':2,3-
anthracene; 1.2:6,7-dibenzanthracene;
dibenz(a,j)anthracene).
A yellow solid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 278.35; mp: 263-4; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
1,2-Benionaptvthacene is likely to be associated with particulate polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons. The compound has been found in the pyrene and picene
fractions of coal-tar distillate (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
1,2-Benzonaphthacene has been reported to be noncarcinogenic in experimental animals (ref. 2).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
A-744
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21C020
1,2-BENZONAPHTHACENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, itg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /*g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engmeenng Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, (ig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-745
-------
CATEGORY: 21C
BENZO(g)CHRYSENE: C22H14 (1 ,2:3,4-dibenzophenanthrene). 21C040
Crystallizes as colorless needles from glacial acetic acid.
WLN: L C6 16 B666J
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 278.36; mp: 114.5; bp: 135; insoluble
in water; solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities
in water (ref. 3).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Benzo(g)chrysene probably occurs as a constituent of participate polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, PPAH.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Although not considered to be a highly active carcinogen alone, benzo(g)chrysene is
is reported to cause tumors in'mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3123.
The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is reported as 720 mg/kg (ref. 14).
The adjusted ordering number is 4.34.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOB SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This TLV
recognizes the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.]
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/4.34 = 1.6 x 104 ng/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.6 x 104 = 2.42 x 105
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.42 x 105 = 4.84 x 104 yy/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC * 103/(6 x 4.34) = 38.4 ug/m3
AC2
EPCjjC = 15 x 38.4 = 576 ug/£
EPCLC = 0.2 x 576 = 115.2 ug/
A-746
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21C040
BENZO(g)CHRYSENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, Mg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.6E4
2.4E5
4.8E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goat*
Bated on
Health Effects
38
576
115
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M3/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, Mg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Baud on Health Effects
38
576
115
A-747
-------
CATEGORY: 21C
1 ,2:3,4-d1benzanthracene,
L D6 J6 C666J
STRUCTURE:
DIBENZ(a,c)AHTHRACENE: C22H
benzo(b)triphenylene). 21C060
Crystallizes as colorless needles from ethanol;
solutions show blue fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 278.36; mp: 200-2; insoluble in water; solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities
in water (ref. 3); lipid solubility: 0.6 mg in 0.2 ml olive oil (ref. 4).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Dibenz(a,c)anthracene is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 5).
The following concentrations of PPAH have been estimated or reported: air (urban environment in winter in
seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m - 146 ng/m (ref. 5); ground-water and surface-treated water:
0.001 ug/fc - 0.025 ug/n (ref. 3); upper layer of earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg (ref. 3).
The concentration of dibenz(a,c)anthracene in urban air is reported as 13,348 ug/1,500 m3 (ref. 6).
This is equivalent to 0.88 ng/m .
TOXIC PROPERTIES^ HEALTH EFFECTS:
Dibenz(a,c)anthracene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic
to man. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 7).
Dibenz(a,c)anthracene is reported to cause tumors in nice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number
is 3121. The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is 440 mg/kg (ref. 14). The adjusted ordering
number is 7.09. There is disagreement regarding the carcinogenic!ty of dibenz(a,c)anthracene (ref. 7).
REGULATORY ACTIONS, STANDARDS. CRITERIA, RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV « 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 10/7.09
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
9.9 x 103 pg/m3
15 x 9.9 x 103 = 1.5 x 105 ug/j
0.2 x 1.5 x 105 = 3.0 x 104 ng/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 10J/(6 x 7.09)
23.5
EPCWC = 15 x 23.5 = 353 vg/i
EPCLC = 0.2 x 353 = 70.6 ug/g
A-748
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21C060
DIBENZ(a,c)ANTHRACENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
9.9E3
1.5E5
3.0E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
23.5
353
71
Based on
Ecological
Effect!
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.009f
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air. /ug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
23.5
353
71
Reported For Urban Atmosphere. No Rural Concentration Is Reported.
A-749
-------
CATEGORY: 21 C
(1 ,2:5,6-dibenzanthracene,
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
DIBENZ(a,h)ANTHRACENE: C
OB(a,h)A). 21C080
Crystallizes in the form of silvery leaflets from acetic acid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 278.36; mp: 262; sublimes; Solubility in water:
0.0005 mg/z at 27° (ref. 8); lipid solubility: 8 mg/ml in tributyrin (ref. 9).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Environmental concentration of D8(a,h)A are reported as follows: urban air—3.2-32 ug/1,000 m3; soils
(Iceland)--0-2.3 ug/kg (ref. 8). OB(a,h)A has also been detected in cooked meats and vegetables (ref. 8).
The compound is probably a constituent of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
LD,
•Lo (intravenous, mouse): 10 mg/kg.
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch which are known to be carcinogenic to
man. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 7).
DB(a,h)A is considered an active carcinogen and causes aberrations in mammalian cells (ref. 10). The
EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 4529. The lowest dose to induce an oncogenic response is reported as
0.006 mg/kg (ref. 14). The adjusted ordering number is 754,833.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA, RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Uibenz(a,h)anthracene appears on EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/754,833 = 0.093 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 0.093 = 1.4 yg/z
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.4 = 0.28 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 10 = 1.07 Mg/m
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 10 = 0.81 ug/m
EPC,,H1 = 15 x 0.81 = 12.2 ug/Z
EPC,
UH1
'WH2
= 0.4 x 10 = 4.0 ug/4
EPCIU = 0.2 x 4.0 = 0.8 ug/g
LH ,
EPC = 10J/(6 x 754,833) = 0.0002
AC2
EPCWC = 15 x 0.0002
EPC
LC
0.003 ug/l
0.2 x 0.003 = 6 x 10~ -g/g
A-750
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
XXX
21C080
DIBENZ(a,h)ANTHRACENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, tig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, Mg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
8. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
M. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxiclty Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
9.3E-2
1.4EO
2.8E-1
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
0.0002
0.003
6xlO"4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.0032 to
0.032 f
0 to 0.0023
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
0.8
4
0.8
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentratron
Based on Health Effects
0.0002
0.003
6x1 O"4
t Reported For Urban Atmosphere. No Rural Concentration Is Reported,
A-751
-------
WUN: L 06 B6666 2AB -TJ
STRUCTURE:
CATEGORY: 21C
BENZO(a)PYRENE: C2QH12 (1,2-benzpyrene; B(a)P;
3,4-benzpyrene). 21C100
Yellowish plates; benzene solutions exhibit violet
fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 252.30; mp: 179; bp: 496-510; vap. press: 10 mm at 310-312°C; insoluble in water,
solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 3); llpid solubility: 25 mg/ml in
tributyHn (ref. 9).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
. Benzo(a)pyrene occurs in coal tar and in all kinds of soot and smoke. Environmental concentration of
B(a)P 1s reported as follows: urban air-0.04-0.4 yg/1,000 m3 (refs.6,11); forest, woods, sand (nonlndustrlal
areas)—0-127 ug/kg (ref. 8). Other maximum concentrations reported Include: drinking water—23.4 ug/m3;
cooked meat or fish—107 yg/kg; vegetables—8 wg/kg; roasted coffee—15 ug/kg (ref. 8).
The chemical half-life of benzo(a)pyrene 1n the atmosphere is reported as less than 1 day with solar
radiation and several days without solar radiation (ref. 2). Benzo(a)pyrene 1s associated with particulate
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH. It has been identified in estuarlne and marine sediments, in
agricultural and industrial soil, geologic deposits, and in asbestos (ref. 13).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LDjjg (subcutaneous, rat): 50 mg/kg.
Benzo(a)pyrene is considered to be an active carcinogen. It has been shown to cause chromosome aber-
rations in mammalian cells (ref. 10). Experimental evidence indicates that B(a)P is a mutagenlc and tera-
togenic agent in the mouse (ref. 14). The EPA/NIOSH ordering number based on carcinogenic responses is
6629. The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is reported as 2 ug/kg (ref. 14). The adjusted
ordering number is 3,314,500 based on carcinogenicity. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number based on teratogenicity
is 3102. The lowest dose resulting in teratogenic effects is 240 mg/kg (ref. 14). The adjusted ordering
number based on teratogenicity is 12.9.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Benzo(a)pyrene appears on EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
TLV • 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXIC1TY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/3,314,500 = 0.02 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 0.02 * 0.3 ug/H
Land, Health: 0.2 x 0.3 - 0.06 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2
EPCAH3
EPCV
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
XXX
21C100
BENZO(a)PYRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ;ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
8. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.0E-2
3.0E-1
6.0E-2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
B.Oxio"5
'.5xlO~4
1.5xlO"4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
4xlO~5to
4xlO"4t
0.02?
0 to 0.13§
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
4.1
20
4
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
B.OxlO"5
7.5xlO"4
1.5xlO"4
t Reported For Urban Atmosphere
T Drinking Water
§ Sand, non-industrial Areas
A-753
-------
CATEGORY: 21C WLN;
BENZO(e)PYRENE: C2QH12 (4,5-benzopyrene; 1,2-benzpyrene). 21C120 STRUCTURE;
Prisms or plates from benzene.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 252.32; mp: 178-9; sublimes at 250° (4 urn); insoluble in water, solubility may be enhanced
by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 3); npid solubility: 2.5 percent in olive oil (ref. 15).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Benzo(e)pyrene is a constituent of the high-boiling coal tar (ref. 16). it has been isolated from soils
(ref. 17). The lowest reported urban concentration for benzo(e)pyrene is 0.90 ng/m3 (ref. 6).
8enzo(e)pyrene is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 5). The
following concentrations of carcinogenic PPAH have been estimated or reported: A1r (urban environment
in winter in seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m3 - 146 ng/m3 (ref. 5); ground-water and surface-
treated water: 0.001 vg/a - 0.025 ug/i (ref. 3): upper layer of earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg
(ref. 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benzo(e)pyrene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch which are known to be :arcinogenic to man.
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 7).
Benzo(e)pyrene is reported to cause tumors in mice and guinea pigs. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is
3223. The lowest dose to induce an oncogenlc response is reported as 140 mg/kg {ref. 14). The adjusted ordering
number is 23.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 7 x 104/23 = 3.04 x 103 yg/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 3.04 x 103 = 4.56 x 104 ug/z Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 4.57 x 104 = 9.14 x 103 ug/g Land> Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 23) = 7.25 pg/m3
EPCWC = 15 x 7.25 = 109 ug/4
EPCLC * 0.2 x 109 = 21.8 ug/g
A-754
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21C120
BENZO(e)PYRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effect!
3.0E3
4.6E4
9.1E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal'
Based on
Health Effects
7
109
22
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
9.0xlO"4
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
7
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
7
109
22
A-755
-------
CATEGORY: 21C WLN: L666 L6 K6 2AL
PERYLENE: C2QH12 (peri-dinaphthalene, dibenz(de,kl) anthracene). STRUCTURE:
Yellow to colorless plates from toluene. 21C140
CO]
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 252.34; mp: 277-279; sublimes 350-400° C; d: 1.35;
insoluble in water, solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 3).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Perylene occurs in coal tar and in high-boiling petroleum fractions. The lowest reported urban level for
perylene is given as 0.10 ng/m (ref. 6).
Perylene is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PPAH (ref. 5). The following
concentrations of carcinogenic PPAH have been estimated or reported: Air (urban environment in winter in
seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m - 146 ng/m (ref. 5); ground-water and surface-treated water:
0.001 yg/J. - 0.025 vq/i (ref. 3): upper layer of earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1000 yg/kg (ref. 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
There is no report of oncogenic responses in animals or humans which are attributable to this compound.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV * 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
TLV * 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-756
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21C140
PERYLENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxtcity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.0001 t
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/rn3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t Reported For Urban Atmosphere. No Rural Concentration Is Reported.
A-757
-------
CATEGORY:
PICENE: C,.
21C
WLN: L F6 E6 B666J
STRUCTURE:
(1,2:7,8-dibenzphenanthrene, dibenzo(a.i)
phenanthrene). 21C160
Crystallizes in the form of plates with bluish fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 278.33; mp: 367; sublimes 300° C;
bp: 518-20; insoluble in water, solubility may be enhanced by
surfactant impurities in water (ref. 3).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Picene is found in tar oils from soft coal and in petroleum.
The rural concentration for picene is reported as 0.0974 yg/1,500 m3 (ref. 6)
-3
This is
equivalent to 0.06 ng/m . Picene probably occurs as a constituent of particulate
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It has been identified in urban air and in the mineral curtisite (ref. 13).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Picene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic
to man. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of
application (ref. 7).
Picene is reported to cause tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering
number is 3121. The lowest dose to induce an oncogenic response is reported as 111 mg/kg (ref. 14).
The adjusted ordering number is 28.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH], This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/28 = 2.5 x 103 u9/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 2.5 x 1Q3 = 3.75 x 104 ug/£
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.75 x 104 = 7.5 x 103 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Waters Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 10
x 28) = 5.95 ug/m
EPC
15 x 5.95 = 89.3 vg/i
EPCLC = 0.2 x 89.3 = 17.9 ug/g
WC
A-758
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21C160
PICEIME
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.5E3
3.75E4
7.5E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
6 .
89
18
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
6.5xlO"5
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, pig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
6
89
18
A-759
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 21C
Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons -
Five Ring Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
1. Clar, E. Chemische Berichte, 62: 1574 (1929).
2. Cook, C. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London. Ill, 455 (1932).
3. Andelman, J. B., and M. J. Suess. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the
Water Environment. Bull Wld. Hlth. Org. 43: 479-508 (1970).
4. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity: 1970-1971 Volume. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc.,
Rockville, MD under Contract No. NIH-NCI-E-71-2266 for National Cancer Insti-
tute. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic Organic
Matter (PPOM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-74-001 (1975).
6. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer,
IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
7. Searle, C. E., Ed. Chemical Carcinogens. ACS Monograph 173. American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1976).
8. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evalua-
tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 3, Lyon, France. A World
Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva (1973).
9. Kennedy, G. Y. Simple Gastric Fistula Tube. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 36: 415-
417 (1970).
10. Fishbein, L., W. G. Flamm, and H. L. Falk. Chemical Mutagens: Environmental
Effects on Biological Systems. Academic Press, New York, NY (1970).
11. Bond, R. G., C. P. Straub, and R. Prober, Eds. Handbook of Environmental
Control. Vol. 1: Air Pollution. The Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland,
OH (1972).
12. Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology. First Priority Chemicals. Chem-
ical Industry Institute of Toxicology: Annual Report. Research Triangle
Park, NC (1976).
A-760
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 21C (Continued)
13. Kingsbury, G. L., R. C. Sims, and J. B. White. Source and Ambient Concen-
tration Data for Polycyclic Organic Matter. Vol. I-III. Draft of Report
Prepared by Research Triangle Institute, under Contract No. 68-02-2612 for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from J. 0. Milliken, Project
Officer, IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1978).
14. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
15. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity: 1961-1962 Volume. Prepared by John I. Thompson and
Co., Rockville, MD under Contract No. NIH-69-2086 for National Cancer Institute.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
16- Clar, E. J. Polycyclic Hydrocarbons. Academic Press, London (1964).
17. Blumer, M. Benzopyrenes in Soil. Science 134: 474-475 (1961).
A-761
-------
CATEGORY 21
FUSED POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS
SUBCATEGORY: 21D - Compounds with More than Five Fused Rings
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 5
number of parent compounds with subspecies 0
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 2
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity ,
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 1
21D080 Benzo(ghi)perylene
A-763
-------
CATEGORY; 210
WLN:
L D6 B66 0666 2AB A&O
a,: C-.H, . ,(dibenzo(b,def khrysene; STRUCTURE:
1, 2:6, 7-dibenzpyrene; 3,4:8, 9-dibenzpyrene; DB(a,h)P). 210020
DIBENZO(a,h)PYRENE:
1, 2:6, 7-dibenzpyre
Crystallizes as gold-orange plates from trichlorobenzene.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 302.37; mp: 315; insoluble in water, solubility may
be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene is a constituent of coal-tar pitch. It may be
formed by pyrolysis of anthracene. Oibenzo(a,h)pyrene is associated
with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 2).
The following concentrations of carcinogenic PPAH have been estimated
or reported: Air (urban environment in winter in seven selected
U.S. cities): 21. 6 ng/m - U6 ng/m (ref. 2); ground-water and
surface-treated water: 0.001 ug/i - 0.025 ug/s. (ref. 1); upper
layer of Earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 yg/kg (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Qibenzo(a,h)pyrene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch,
which are known to be carcinogenic to man. Carcinogenic polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 3).
Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene is reported to cause tumors in mice.
The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3121. The lowest dose to induce a carcino-
genic response is reported as 165 mg/kg (ref. 9). The adjusted ordering
number is 18.9.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This
TLV recognizes the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively].
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 10/18.9
3.7 x 103 ug/m3
4
Water, Health: 15 x 3.7 x 10 = 5.55 x ID ug/£
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5.55 x 104 =1.11 x 104
ug/g
Mr, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 18.9) = 8.8 ug/m3
EPC... = 15 x 8.8 = 132 ug/£
WL
EPCLC = 0.2 x 132 = 26.4 ug/g
A-764
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21D020
DIBENZO(a,h)PYRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Exiitmg Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.7E3
5.55E4
1.1 E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
9
132
26
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
o
Air, /ig/mj
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm iyt)
Land, ^g/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
8. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
9
132
26
A-765
-------
CATEGORY: 210 WLN: L D6 B66 P666 2AB A+J
STRUCTURE:
DIBENZO(a.i)PYRENE: C-.H,. (benzo(rst)pentaphene; 2,3:6,7-
dibenzpyrene; 4,5:8,9-dlBenzpyrene). 210040
Crystallizes as greenish-yellow needles or plates, benzene
solutions exhibit blue fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 302.37; mp: 281.5; insoluble in water, solubility may
be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 1); lipid
solubility: 2.5 mg in 0.2 ml tri-octanoin (ref. 4).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene is present in coal tar (ref. 5).
Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH,
(ref. 4). The following concentrations of carcinogenic PPAH have been estimated or reported:
Air (urban environment in winter in seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/rn^ - 146 ng/m3
(ref. 2); ground-water and surface-treated water: 0.001 ug/i - 0.025 ug/n (ref. 1): upper
layer of Earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be
carcinogenic to man. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at
the site of application (ref. 3).
Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene is reported to cause tumors in mice and hamsters. The EPA/NIOSH
ordering number is 3225. The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is reported as
2 mg/kg (ref. 9). The adjusted ordering number is 1612.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This TLV
recognizes the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively].
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/1,612 = 43.4 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 43.4 * 651 vg/t Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 651 = 130.2 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCftC2 = 103/(6 x 1,612) = 0.1 .jg/m3
EPCUC = 15 x 0.1 = 1.5 pg/£
EPCLC = 0.2 x 1.5 = .3 ug/g
A-766
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
xx
21D040
DIBENZO(a,i)PYRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ttg/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Efftuent
Based on
Health Effects
4.34E1
6.51E2
1.30E2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
0.1
1.5
0.3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
0.1
1.5
0.3
A-767
-------
CATEGORY; 21D WUN: L 066 K666 86 2AB A&J
PIBENZO(a,l)PYRENE: C24H14 (dibenzo(def,p)chrysene; STRUCTURE:
l,2:9,10-dibenzopyrene; 1,2:3,4-dibenzpyrene;
2,3:4,5-dibenzpyrene) 21D060
Colorless prisms from cyclohexane.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 302.37, mp: 164; insoluble in water, solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities
in water (ref. 1); lipid solubility: 0.6 mg/0.2 ml olive oil (ref. 4).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Uibenzo(a,l)pyrene is probably not a naturally occurring isomer. Its synthesis has been reported (ref. 5).
Investigations previous to 1966 concerning dibenzo(a,lJpyrene were probably carried out with dibenzo(a,e)fluo-
ranthene (ref. 5). If the compound occurs in the atmosphere, it will probably be associated with particulate
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene is reported.to cause tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is
3101. The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is reported as 48 mg/kg (ref- 9)-
The adjusted ordering number is 64.6.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV « 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
TLV « 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 7 x 104/64.6 =• 1.08 x 103 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.08 x 103 - 1.6 x 104 ug/z water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.6 x 104 * 3.2 x 103 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPCAC2 » 103/C6 x 64.6} * 2.6 ug/m3
EPCWC = 15 x 2.6 =• 39 ug/z
EPCL(, • 0.2 x 39 • 7.8 ug/g
A-768
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21D060
DIBENZO(a.l)PYRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.1 E3
1.6E4
3.2E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
3
39
8
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Disch arge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ^g/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
3
39
8
A-769
-------
-=a> L666 86 C6 D6 4ABCD VJ
CATEGORY: 21D WLN:
BENZO(ghi)PERYLENE: ^2Z^Z ^ >'2-Benzoperylene). 21D080 STRUCTURE:
Leaflets from benzene; exhibits bright green-yellow
fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 276.33; mp: 222-3; insoluble in water;
solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Benzo(ghi)perylene occurs in tar and in smoke-polluted atmospheres. The urban concentration for benzo-
(ghi)perylene is reported as 3.27 ng/m3 (ref. 6).
Benzo(gh1)perylene 1s associated with particulate polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 2). The
following concentrations of carcinogenic PPAH have been estimated or reported: Air (urban environment 1n
winter in seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m3 - 146 ng/m3 (ref. 2); ground-water and surface-treated
water: 0.001 yg/z - 0.025 ng/i (ref. 1): upper layer of earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 pg/kg (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benzo(ghi)perylene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to
man. Topical application of benzo(gh1)perylene in acetone solution (mixture with phenanthrene, anthracene,
pyrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, 3,4- and 1,2-benzopyrene,1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, and 1,2-benzanthracene)
induced four tumors in 225 mice (ref. 7). Data pertinent to the carcinogenic potential of benzo(gh1)pery-
lene alone are currently not available. The compound is probably not a highly active carcinogen.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Benzo(ghi)perylene appears on EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-770
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21D080
BENZO(ghi)PERYLENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, j;g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, pglg
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R8.D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.003+
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, na/irr
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
+ Value Is For Urban Atmosphere. No Rural Concentration Is Reported.
A-771
-------
CATEGORY: 21D WLN: L666 B6 C6 D6 E6 6ABCDEF A&J
CORONENE: C24H12 (hexabenzobenzene). 21D100 STRUCTURE:
Yellow needles from benzene; solutions exhibit bluish-violet fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 300.36; mp: 438; bp: 525; d: 1.377; insoluble in water,
solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Urban concentrations of coronene are reported ranging from 1.252 ng/1,500 m3 to 2.13 ng/m3 (ref. 6).
Coronene is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 2). The following
concentrations of carcinogenic PPAH have been estimated or reported: Air (urban environment in winter in
seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m3 - 146 ng/m3 (ref. 2); ground-water and surface-treated water:
0.001 ugA - 0.025 ug/fc (ref. 1): upper layer of earth's crust: 100 ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg (ref. 1).
It has also been identified in estuarine soils and in the mineral curtisite (ref. 8).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Coronene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to man. Topical
application of coronene in acetone solution (mixture with phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene,
chrysene, 3,4- and 1,2-benzopyrene, 1,12-benzperylene, anthanthrene, 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, and 1,2-
benzanthracene) induced four tumors in 225 mice (ref. 7). Data pertinent to the carcinogenic potential
of coronene alone are currently unavailable.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOB SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-772
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
21D100
CORONENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicitv Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effect!
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
8.0xlO~7to +
2.13xlO"6
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
6. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effecti
+ Value For Urban Concentration Is Reported. No Rural Concentration Is Reported.
A-773
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 21D
Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons -
Compounds with More Than Five Fused Rings
1. Andelman, J. B., and M. J. Suess. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the
Water Environment. Bull Mid. HUh. Org. 43: 479-508 (1970).
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic Organic
Matter (PPOM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-74-001 (1975).
3. Searle, C. E., Ed. Chemical Carcinogens. ACS Monograph 173. American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1976).
4. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity: 1961-1967 Volume. Prepared by John I. Thompson and
Co., Rockville, MD under Contract No. NIH-69-2086 for National Cancer Institute.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
5. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evalua-
tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 3, Lyon, France. A World
Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva (1973).
6. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer,
IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
7. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity: 1972-1973 Volume. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc.,
Rockville, MD under Contract No. 1 CP 33402 for National Cancer Institute.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
8. Kingsbury, G. L., R. C. Sims, and J. B. White. Source and Ambient Concen-
tration Data for Polycyclic Organic Matter. Vol. I-III. Draft of Report
Prepared by Research Triangle Institute, under Contract No. 68-02-2612 for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from J. 0. Milliken, Project
Officer, IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1978).
9. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared for Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville,
MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publi-
cation No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
A-774
-------
CATEGORY 22
FUSED NON-ALTERNANT POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS
SUBCATEGORY: 22A - Two- and Three-Ring Fused Non-Alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 3
number of parent compounds with subspecies 0
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 2
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only Q
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 1
22A020 Fluorene
A-775
-------
CATEGORY: 22A WLN; L56 BHJ
INDENE: CgHg (Indonaphthene). STRUCTURE;
A colorless liquid. 22A010
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 116.16; mp: -1.8; bp: 181.6; d: 0.996;
Insoluble 1n water; solubility may be enhanced by surfactant Impurities In water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Indene 1s found 1n coal tar.
TOXIC PROPERTIES, HEALTH EFFECTS;
LDLo (subcutaneous, rat): l.OOOmg/kg.
Serious systemic responses may result from exposure to high concentrations of indene absorbed primarily
through inhalation (ref. 2).
The epoxide Is considered inactive as a skin carcinogen in animals (ref. 3).
Indene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to man.
Carcinogenic polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 3).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV - 45 mg/m3 (10 ppm).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
A1r, Health: 4.5 x 104 ug/m3 (10 ppm) Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 4.5 x 104 = 6.75 x 105 ug/l Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 6.75 x 105 = 1.35 x 105 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPCAH1 » 103 x 45/420 - 107 ug/m3
EPCAHU = 10/420 = 0.024 ppm
EPCWH1 = 15 x 107 * 1,605
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 45 = 621
EPC, u = 0.2 x 621 = 120 u
Ln
A-776
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22A010
INDENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.5E4
(10)
6.75E5
1.4E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Bated on
Health Effects
107
(0.024)
621
120
Based on
Ecolo9ical
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
107
(0.024)
621
120
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-777
-------
CATEGORY! 22A
FLUORENE: C-^H-jg (2,3-benzindene, diphenylenemethane).
Fluorescent, colorless flakes.
22A020
WLN:
STRUCTURE!
PROPERTIES:
Molecularnwt: 166.15; mp: 116-117; bp: 293-295;
d: 1.203 ; vap. p: 10 mm at 146.0°C; insoluble In
water, solubility may be enhanced by surfactant
Impurities in water (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Fluorene is among the lower molecular weight polycyclic hydrocarbons comprising the volatile portion of
the benzene soluble fraction of coal tar {ref. 2). Fluorene is associated with partlculate polycyclic aroma-
tic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 4). The following concentrations of PPAH have been estimated or reported:
Air (urban environment in winter in seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m3 - 146 ng/m3 (ref. 4); ground-
water and surface-treated water: 0.001 ug/n - 0.025 yg/s. (ref. I): upper layer of earth's crust: 100
ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Fluorene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to man. Carcin-
ogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may induce tumors at the site of application (ref. 3). There 1s
currently no evidence to indicate that fluorene alone is carcinogenic.
Subcutaneous injection of fluorene in a 1:1 molar ratio to benzo(a)pyrene showed no inhibitory effect
on the carcinogenicity of B(a)P (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Fluorene appears on EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
TLV (coal tar pitch volatiles): 0.2 mg/m .
[The specification includes naphthalene, anthracene, acridine, phenanthrene, and fluorene, collectively.
The purpose of the TLV is to minimize concentrations of higher weight polycyclic hydrocarbons which are
carcinogenic (ref. 2).]
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-778
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22A020
FLUORENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Exiltmg Standardl
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-779
-------
CATEGORY: 22A WLN:
CYCLOPENTANONAPHTHALENE: Ci3H12.
(1,2-cyclopentano-naphthalene, 4,5-benzindane). 22A040 STRUCTURE:
A colorless liquid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 168.24 ; bp: 294-S757; d: 1.0663°; insoluble
in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
The compound may occur as a constituent of particulate polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, PPAH. It is present in coal tar in the 290-300° fraction (ref. 6).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, when administered topically to animals, may induce tumors
at the site of application (ref. 3).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/iti3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-780
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22A040
CYCLOPENTANONAPHTHALENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m^
(ppm Vol)
Water, vg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
1 1 . Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M0/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Bated on Health Effects
A-781
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 82A
Fused Non-Alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons -
Two- and Three-Ring Fused Non-Alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
1. Andelman, J. B., and M. J. Suess. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in
the Water Environment. Bull Mid. Hlth. Org. 43: 479-508 (1970).
2. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
3. Searle, C. E., Ed. Chemical Carcinogens. ACS Monograph 173. American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1976).
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic Organic
Matter (PPOM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-74-001 (1975).
5. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity: 1961-1962 Volume. Prepared by John I. Thompson and
Co., Rockville, MD under Contract No. NIH-69-2086 for National Cancer Institute.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
6. Josephy, E., and F. Radt. Elsevier's Encyclopedia of Organic Chemistry, Vol.
13, Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc. (1940).
A-782
-------
CATEGORY 22
FUSED NON-ALTERNANT POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS
SUBCATEGORY: 228 - Four Ring Fused Non-Alternant Polycyclic Hydrdcarbons
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 4
number of parent compounds with subspecies 0
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 2
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity ]
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 1
22B040 Fluoranthene
A-783
-------
CATEGORY: 228
(benzolb)fluorene, H-H oenzo(b)fluorene). 22B020
Colorless crystals.
Cj 781
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 216.29; mp: 208-9; bp: 401-2; insoluble
in water.
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2,3-Benzofluorene has been reported in urban atmosphere at a
concentration of 4.587 ug/1,500 m3 (ref. 1). It is associated with
particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ref. 2). The compound
occurs in coal tar pitch (ref. 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for 2,3-benzofluorene are not available at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-784
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22B020
2,3-BENZOFLUORENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m"*
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jJQ/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Exnting Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
8. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
IR&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal'
Btted on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background'
3.05xlO~3t
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t Value For Urban Atmosphere Is Reported. No Rural Concentration Is Reported.
A-785
-------
CATEGORY; 22B WLN: L C6566 1A PJ
FLUORANTHENE: ClgH10 (benzo(j ,k)fluorene). 22B040 STRUCTURE:
Colorless needles or plates from alcohol.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 202.26; mp: 110; insoluble in
water; solubility may be enhanced by surfactant
impurities in water (ref. 4).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Fluoranthene is present in coal tar (ref. 5) and is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 2). The following concentrations of PPAH have been estimated or reported: Air
(urban environment in winter in seven selected U.S. cities): 21.6 ng/m3 - 146 ng/m3 (ref. 2); ground-
water and surface-treated water: 0.001 yg/n - 0.025 ug/j, (ref. 4): upper layer of earth's crust: 100
ug/kg - 1,000 ug/kg (ref. 4).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LD5Q (oral, rat): 2,000 mg/kg
Fluoranthene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch which are known to be carcinogenic to man.
Topical application of fluoranthene in acetone (mixture with phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene,
B(a)P, B(e)P, perylene, anthanthrene, DB(a,j)A, and BA) induced four tumors in 225 mice (ref. 6). There is
currently no evidence to indicate that fluoranthene alone is carcinogenic.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
Fluoranthene appears on the EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 2.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOX1CITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 2,000 = 9.0 x TO4 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 9 x 104 = 1.4 x 106 ug/n Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.4 x 106 = 2.8 x 105 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAR2 = 0.107 x 2,000 = 214 ug/m3
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 2,000 = 162 ug/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 162 = 2,430 wg/l
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 2,000 = 800 yg/J.
EPC, u = 0.2 x 800 = 160 ug/g
LH
A-786
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22B040
FLUORANTHENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ^g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
6. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
9.0E4
1.4E6
2.8E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B, Ambtent Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
162
800
160
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ^
-------
CATEGORY: 228 WtN:
i,2-HI:N/Un.UORENE: C17H12
(chrysofluorene, benzo(a)fluorene, 11-H benzo(a)fluorene). STRUCTURE:
A solid. 22B060
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 216.29; mp: 189-90; bp: 413760
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
1,2-Benzofluorene has been reported in urban atmosphere at a
concentration of 2.557 ug/1,500 m3 (ref. 1). The compound occurs as
a constituent of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH
(ref. 2). The compound has also been reported in samples taken from
river water (ref. 7).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons when administered topically to animals may induce tumors
at the site of application (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA, RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes
the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-788
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22B060
1,2-BENZOFLUORENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, »g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Exiltmg Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effect!
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Bast>d on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Naruraf Background"
1.70x10~3t
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, vg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t Value For Urban Atmoshpere Is Reported. No Rural Concentration Is Reported,
A-789
-------
CATEGORY: 22B
CYCLOPENTA(def)PHENANTHRENE: C15H10 22B080
(4H-cyc1openta(def)phenanthrene, phenanthrylene methane)
Crystalline leaflets.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 190.080; mp: 116; bp: 353760; insoluble
in water.
WLIM:
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Cyclopenta(def)phenanthrene is reported to occur in
coal tar (ref. 3). It and its methyl dimethyl and ethyl
derivatives have been identified in ambient urban air samples
taken in Indiana (ref. 11).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Cyclopenta(def)phenanthrene has been found to cause cancer in rats (ref. 8). The lowest
reported dosage to induce cancer is 3,000 mg/kg. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 4,111 and
the adjusted ordering number is 1.37.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
7 x 104/1.37 = 5.11 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 5.11 x 104 = 7.67 x 105 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 7.67 x 105 = 1.5 x 105
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCftc2 = 103/(6 x 1.37) = 121.7 ug/m3
EPCWC = 15 x 121.7 = 1,826 ug/1
EPCLC = 0.2 x 1,826 = 365 ug/g
A-790
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22B080
CYCLOPENTA(def)PHENANTHRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, H9/M?
(ppm Vol)
Water, /^g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standard!
NSPS. BPT, BAT
8. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambrent Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
5-1E4
7.7E5
1.5E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
122
1,826
365
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
122
1,826
365
A-791
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 22B
Fused Non-Alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons -
Four Ring Fused Non-Alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
1. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer,
HRL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic Organic
Matter (PPOM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-74-001 (1975).
3. Josephy, E., and F. Radt. Elsevier's Encyclopedia of Organic Chemistry, Vol.
14, Elsfcvier Publishing Co. Inc. (1940).
4. Andelman, J. B., and M. J. Suess. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the
Water Environment. Bull Wld. Hlth. Org. 43: 479-508 (1970). * /"
5. Clar, E. J. Polycyclic Hydrpcarbons. Academic Press, London (1964).
6. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity: 1972-1973 Volume. Prepared by Tracor Jitco Inc.,
Rockville, MD under Contract No. 1 CP 33402 for National Cancer Institute.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
7. ~Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4/76-062, December 1976.
8. Braunstein, H. M., E. D. Copenhauer, and H. A. Pfuderer (Eds.). Environ-
mental, Health, and Control Aspects of Coal Conversion: An Information Overview.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830. Prepared for the Energy
Research and Development Administration Assistant Administration for Environ-
mental Safety, April 1977.
9. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity: 1961-1967 Volume. Prepared by John I. Thompson and
Co., Rockville, MD under Contract No. NIH-69-2086 for National Cancer Institute.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
10. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation
of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 3, Lyon, France. A World
Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva (1973).
A-792
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 22B (Continued)
11. Kingsbury, G. L., R. C. Sims, and J. B. White. Source and Ambient
Concentration Data for Polycyclic Organic Matter. Vol. I-III. Draft of
Report Prepared by Research Triangle Institute, under Contract No. 68-02-2612
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from J. 0. Milliken,
Project Officer, IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1978).
A-793
-------
CATEGORY 22
FUSED NON-ALTERNANT POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS
SUBCATEGORY: 22C - Five Ring Fused Non-Alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory , 4
number of parent compounds with subspecies 0
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 3
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 2
22C020 Benzo(k)fluoranthene
22C080 Benzo(b)fluoranthene
A-795
-------
CATEGORY: 22C
BENZO(K)FLUORANTHENE: C2oH12 22C020
(11,12-benzofluoranthene; 8,9-benzfluoranthene).
A crystal.
WLN;
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt:252.32; mp:217; bp:480760;
insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Benzo(k)fluoranthene has been reported in urban atmosphere at a
concentration of 0.0002 ug/m3 (ref. 1). The compound occurs as a
constituent of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH
(ref. 2). The compound has also been reported in samples taken
from river water, ground water, and finished drinking water (ref. 3).
Benzo(k)fluoranthene has been reported to be present in foods (raw
and cooked) (ref. 4).
TOXIC PROPERTIES, HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benzo(k)fluoranthene gives a consistent carcinogenic response in experimental animals (ref. 4). The
lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response in animals is 72 rug/kg (ref. 7). The EPA/NIOSH ordering number
is 3,122 and the adjusted ordering number is 43.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA, RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes
the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
Benzo(k)fluoranthene is on the EPA Consent Decree Priority 1 List.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/43 = 1,628 MS/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1,628 = 2.44 x 104 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.44 x 104 = 4.88 x 103
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
pg/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 43) = 3.88 ug/m3
EPCW(. = 15 x 3.88 = 58.2 ^g/1
EPC
LC
0.2 x 58.2 = 11.64 ug/g
A-796
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22C020
BENZO(k)FLUORANTHENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, //g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.6E3
2.4E4
4.9E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
3.9
58
11.7
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
.0002t
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
•s
Air, #g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
3.9
58
11.7
t Urban concentration. Rural concentration not available.
A-797
-------
CATEGORY: 22C
BENZO(j)FlUORANTHENE: C20H12 (10,11-benzo-
fluoranthene; B(j)F; 7,8-benzfluoranthene).
Yellow plates or needles from alcohol.
WLIM: I 06 C6566 1A TJ
STRUCTURE:
22C040
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 252.32; mp: 165; insoluble in water;
solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities
in water (ref. 5).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
BenzoUlfluoranthene may be obtained from coal tar and from the high-temperature pyrolysis of anthracene,
naphthalene, tobacco constituents, and other organic compounds (ref. 6), A concentration of B(j)F in urban
atmosphere is reported as 1.3 ng/m (ref. 1). Benzo(j)fluoranthene is associated with particulate polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 2). Other environmental concentrations of B(j)F (with B(b)F) are reported
as follows: soil--15 to 110 ug/kg; drinking water—1 to 14.0 ug/m3 (ref. 6}. It has also been detected in
oils of certain fruits and in cooked foods (ref. 6).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benzo(j)fluoranthene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to
man. Benzo(j)fluoranthene is reported to cause tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering
number is 3121. The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is reported as 288 mg/kg (ref. 7).
The adjusted ordering number of 10.8
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITV CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/10.8 = 6.5 x 103 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 6.5 x 103 = 9.8 x 104 ug/8.
Land, Health: 0.2 x 9.8 x 104 = 1.96 x 104 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 10.2) = 15.4 ..g/m3
EPCWC = 15 x 15.4
231
EPCLC = 0.2 x 231 = 46.2
jg/a
A-798
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22C040
BENZO(i)FLUORANTHENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air. (jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
6.5E3
9.8E4
1.96E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
B-wed on
Health Effects
15
231
46
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Disch arge
Natural Background*
o.ooit
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/q
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
1 1 . Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
15
231
46
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t Reported For Urban Atmosphere. No Rural Concentration is Reported.
A-799
-------
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
CATEGORY: 22C
l,2:b,6-UlBENZO FLUORENE: C2lH14 22C060
(13H-dibenzo(a,g)fluorene).
A solid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt:266.35; mp:174-5; bp:195-200;
insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
The compound occurs as a constituent of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 2).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
l,2:5,6-dibenzof1uorene has been shown to induce a carcinogenic response when administered to
experimental animals (ref. 8). The lowest dose to induce cancer is reported to be 590 mg/kc (ref 7) The
EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3,121 and the adjusted ordering number is 5.29.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
7 x 104/5.29 = 1.32 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.32 x 104 = 1.98 x 105 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1. 98 x 105 = 3.96 x 104 ng/9
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 5.29) = 31.5 ug/m3
EPCWC = 15 x 31.5 = 472.5 wg/1
EPCLC = 0.2 x 472.5 = 94.5 ug/g
A-800
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22C060
1,2:5,6-DIBENZO FLUORENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ttg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppmWt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.3E4
2.0E5
4.0E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Bated on
Health Effects
31.5
472
94.5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ag/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, wg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
31.5
472
94.5
A-801
-------
CATEGORY: 22C WLN: L C65 K666 1A
BENZO(b)FLUQRANTHENE: C2QH12 (benz(e)acephenantrylene, STRUCTURE:
2,3-benzofluoranthene, B(b)F). 22C080
Needles from benzene.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 252.32; mp: 167; insoluble in water; solubility
may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in water (ref. 4);
lipid solubility: 0.6 mg/2 ml olive oil (ref. 9).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Benzo(b)fluoranthene is formed by the high-temperature pyrolysis of anthracene, some tobacco constituents,
and other organic compounds (ref. 10). Benzo(b)fluoranthene is associated with participate polycycllc aro-
matic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 2), Concentrations of benzo(b)fluoranthene measured in urban atmosphere
range from 0.54 ng/m3 to 22 ng/m3 (ref. 1). Other environmental concentrations of B(b)F with B(j)F are
reported as follows: drinking water—0.8 to 11.5 pg/m3; soils (nonindustrial) —15 to 110 pg/kg (ref. 10).
It has also been detected in foods, leaves of various trees, and algae (ref. 10).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benzo(b)fluoranthene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to
man. Benzo(b)fluoranthene is reported to produce tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is
3122. The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is reported as 40 mg/kg (ref. 7). The adjusted
ordering number is 78.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Benzo(b)fluoranthene appears on EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycycli
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
A1r, Health: 7 x 104/78 = 900 pg/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 900 = 1.34 x 104 ug/J. Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.34 x 104 = 2.68 x 103 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 78) = 2.1 pg/m3
EPCWC = 15 x 2.1 = 31.5 ug/z.
EPCLC = 0.2 x 31.5 = 6.3 ug/g
A-802
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22C080
BENZO(b)FLUORANTHENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, tig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
~ A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
9.0E2
1.3E4
2.7E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
2.1
31.5
6.3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimmattofi of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.0005-
0.02t
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, /^g/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effect!
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
2.1
31.5
6.3
t Reported For Urban Atmosphere. No Rural Concentration Is Reported.
A-803
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 22C
Fused Non-Alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons -
Five Ring Fused Non-Alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
1. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer,
IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic Organic
Matter (PPOM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-74-001 (1975).
3. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. 'Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4-76-062, December 1976.
4. Searle, C. E., Ed. Chemical Carcinogens. ACS Monograph 173. American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1976).
5. Andelman, J. B., and M. J. Suess. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the
Water Environment. Bull Hid. Hlth. Qrg. 43: 479-508 (1970).
6. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evalua-
tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 3, Lyon, France. A World
Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva (1973).
7. Christensen, H. E., and E. J, Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco, Inc., Rock-
vine, MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW
Publication No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
A-804
-------
CATEGORY 22D
FUSED NON-ALTERNANT POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS
SUBCATEGORY: 22D - Compounds with More than Five Fused Rings
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 2
number of parent compounds with subspecies 0
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 1
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 1
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory:
22D020 Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
A-805
-------
WUN: L E6 C5666 B6 3ABC BJ
STRUCTURE;
CATEGORY: 220
INDENOCl,2,3-cd)PVRENE: C22H]2 (2,3-o-phenylenepyrene, IP).
Yellow plates or needles from light petroleum, greenish
fluorescence. 22D020
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt: 276.34; mp: 162.5-164; insoluble in water;
solubility may be enhanced by surfactant impurities in
water; lipid solubility: 0.6 mg/2 ml olive oil (ref. 1).
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene is present in coal tar. It is formed by high-temperature pyrolysis of tobacco
constituents (ref. 2). IndenoO,2,3-cd)pyrene is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons, PPAH (ref. 3), Environmental concentrations of indenoO,2,3-cd)pyrene are reported as follows:
air dust--0.96 mg/kg; soils (forest)--0.6 mg/kg; drinking water—0.1 to 12.6 ug/m3 (ref. 2). It has also
been detected in oils from certain fruits, leaves of various kinds of trees, and in algae (ref. 2).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
IndenoO,2,3-cd)pyrene may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic
to man. IndenoO,2,3-cd)pyrene is reported to cause tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering
number is 3101. The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is reported as 72 mg/kg (ref. 4). The
adjusted ordering number is 43.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene appears on EPA Consent Decree List with an assigned priority of 1.
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/43 » 1.63 x 103 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.63 x 103 = 2.4 x 104 ug/i. Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.4 x 10 - 4.3 x 103 gg/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC,
EPC,
'WC
'1C
= 103/(6 x 43) = 3.9 ug/m3
= 15 x 3.9 = 58.5 ug/8.
= 0.2 x 58.5 = 11.7 ug/g
A-806
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22D020
INDEIMO(1,2,3-cd)PYRENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II.
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.63E3
2.4E4
4.8E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
Based on Ambient Factors
B. Ambient Level Goal*
fitted on
Health Effects
3.9
58.5
11.7
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background"
0.0001-01 t
0.6
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ag/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
3.9
58.5
11.7
t Drinking Water
A-807
-------
CATEGORY: 220 WUN:
TRIBENZYlgNE BENZENE: C27H18 22D040
(truxene).STRUCTURE
A solid showing yellow fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 342.44; mp: 365-8; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for tribenzylene benzene are not available
at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-808
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
22D040
TRIBENZYLENE BENZENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, iig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BIT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal'
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, *ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-809
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 22D
Fused Non-Alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons -
Compounds with More Than Five Fused Rings
1. National Cancer Institute. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested
for Carcinogenic Activity: 1961-1962 Volume. Prepared by John I. Thompson
and Co., Rockville, MD under Contract No. NIH-69-2086 for National Cancer
Institute. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC. Public Health Service Publication No. 149.
2. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evalua-
tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 3, Lyon, France. A World
Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva (1973).
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic
Organic Matter (PPOM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-
74-001 (1975).
4. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracor Jitco Inc., Rockville,
MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publi-
cation (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
A-810
-------
CATEGORY 23
HETEROCYCLIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 23A - Pyridine and Substituted Pyridines
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 22
number of parent compounds with subspecies 6
number of subspecies 21
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 0
A-811
-------
CATEGORY: 23A
PYRIDINE: CjHjN (azabenzene, azine). 23A020
Colorless liquid; sharp, penetrating odor,
burning taste.
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt: 79.10; mp: -42; bp: 115.5; d: 0.9819
T6NO
STRUCTURE:
20
vap. press: 10 mm at 13.2° C; vap. d: 2.73; pK • 5.23 (ref. 1); soluble in water.
a
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Pyridine and its methyl derivatives are usually obtained from the degradation of coal. As a typical
heterocyclic aromatic compound, pyridine undergoes both nucleophilic and electrophilic substitutions.
Pyridine is photolytically active (ref. 2). The basicity of pyridine is less than that of aromatic
amines (ref. 3).
The odor threshold for pyridine is reported as 0.021 ppm or approximately 68 ug/m3 (ref. 4). The
rural concentration of pyridine is reported as 21 ppb (ref. 5). This is equivalent to 67.7 ug/m3. (This
level is probably high since it is representative of an agricultural area.)
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Pyridine is mildly irritating to the skin and causes depression of the central nervous system. Mild
symptoms are reported from exposure to 10 ppm. Chronic poisoning may result in damage to liver, kidney,
and bone marrow (ref 6).
LD5Q (oral, rat): 891 mg/kg.
LC50 (inhalation, rat): 4,000 ppm for 4 hr.
Toxicity to aquatic life: The 96-hr TLm is reported ranging from 1,000 to 100 ppm (ref. 7).
Pyridine in water in concentrations as low as 5 rag/i may cause tainting of fish flesh (refs.8,9).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV * 15 mg/m (5 ppm). (The TLV is sufficient to prevent acute or chronic poisoning but is sub-
stantially higher than the odor threshold.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 1.50 x 104 ug/m3 (5 ppm)
Water, Health:
15 x 1.50 x 104 = 2.25 x 105 ug/i
Land, Health: 0.2x 2.25 x 105 = 4.5 x ID4
ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 100 = 1.0 x 104 u!
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1.0 x 104 = 2,000
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC
'AH1
'AH la
:WH1
10 x 15/420 = 35.7 ug/nr
= 5/420 = 0.012 ppm
* 15 x 35.7 = 535.5 ug/l
EPCWH2 = 13.8 x 15 = 207
EPC
LH
207 =41.4 ug/g
EPCW£1 = 50 x 100
EPC
'WE2
5,000 ugA
5,000 yg/8. (to prevent tainting)
EPCLE = 0.2 x 5,000 = 1,000 ug/g
A-812
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
23A020
PYRIDINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goal!)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.5E4
(5)
2.3E5
4.5E4
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E4
2.0E3
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
35.7
(0.012)
207
41.4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5,000
1.0E3
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
67.7
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m^
(ppm Vol)
Water, Mg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ^9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
35.7
(0.012)
207
41.4
B Based on
Ecological Effects
5,000
1,000
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-ais
-------
CATEGORY: 23A
PICOLINES: CgH?N (Methylpyridines). 23A040
2-METHYLPYRIDINE: 23A041
3-METHYLPYRIDINE: 23A042
4-METHYLPYRIDINE: 23A043
The pyridines have a strong, unpleasant odor.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 93.14; bp: 129-145; d: 0.95 to 0.97
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
CH,
15
pK : 5.68-5.96 (ref.
a
1); soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Pyridine, picolines, and lutidines are usually obtained by the degradation of coal. They display
aromaticity in their substitution reactions. As bases they are less basic than aliphatic amines (ref. 4).
Pyridine and pyridine-ring compounds are photolytically active (ref. 2).
Threshold odor concentration for 2-methylpyridine is 0.023 ppm (ref. 10).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
The picolines are irritating to the eyes and to the respiratory tract (ref. 11).
2-picoline
3-picoline
4-picoline
LD5Q (oral, rat) (ref. 7)
790 mg/kg
800 mg/kg
800 mq/kg
LD100 (inhalation, rat) (ref. 11)
15,400 ppm/1.5 hr
8,700 ppm/2.2 hr
8,000 ppm/2 hr
Certain pyridine compounds are reported to cause tainting of fish (ref. 9).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 790 = 3.56 x 104 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Uater, Health: 15 x 3.56 x 104 = 5.34 x 105 ug/i Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5.33 x 105 = 1 .07 x 105 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
3
EPC
J
EPC
'AH2
0.107 x 790 = 84.5 ug/m
,AH3 = 0.081 x 790 = 64.0 ng/mj
960 vg/i
EPCWH = 15 x 64
EPC
yH2
0.4 x 790 = 316
EPC. u = 0.2 x 316 = 63.2
Ln
A-814
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23A040
PICOLINES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.6E4
5.3E5
1.1E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Bised on
Health Effects
64
316
63
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, Mg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
64
316
63
B Based on
Ecological Effects
111. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-815
-------
CATEGORY: 23A
MONOSUBSTfTUTED ALKYL PYRIDINES: 23A060
2-ETHYLPYRIDINE: A liquid. C7H9N 23A061
3-ETHYLPYRIOINE: A colorless to brownish liquid. • C7H9N
4-ETHYLPYRIDINE: A liquid with an obnoxious odor. C7H9N
4-n-PROPYLPYRIDINE: A liquid. C6HMN 23A064
PROPERTIES: mol.wt. mp. bp. d. yap.d.
2-ethylpyridine: 107. 16 :HTT 14875 575555
3-ethylpyridine: 107.16 -76.9 165 0.9539
4-ethylpyridine: 107.16 -90.5 167.7 0.9417 3.70
4-n-propylpyridine: 121.18 - 184.6 0.9381
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
23A062
23A063
solubility
in water
soluble
soluble
soluble
slightly
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Alkyl pyridines are used mainly as solvents or intermediates in chemical
syntheses and in the manufacture of Pharmaceuticals and resins (ref. 11).
ClVn
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
4-Ethylpyridine is reported to exhibit toxic effects similar to pyridine (ref. ifc).
Alkyl derivatives are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, intraperitoneal cavity, and lungs.
The toxicity and irritant properties of the derivatives substituted at the 4 position tend to be
greater than the corresponding derivatives substituted at the 2 position. This is reported for
inhalation exposure as well as other routes of administration (ref. 11).
Chemical
2-ethylpyridine
4-ethylpyridine
4-n-propylpyridine
LCion (inhalation, rats)
time for 100% mortality, hr.
375
2,500
1,000
5.0
6.0
The data given above indicates that the monosubstituted alkyl pyridines considered have toxicological
characteristics similar to collidines: LC10o (inhalation, rat): 2,500 ppm; LD50 (oral, rat): 1,540
mg/kg; aquatic toxicity: TLm 96: 100 - 1,000 ppm (ref. 7).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 1,540 = 6.93 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 6.93 x 104 = 1.04 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.04 x 106 = 2.08 x 105 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 100 = 1.0 x 104 ug/1
A
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1.0 x 10 = 2,000 ug/g
• ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 1,540 > 165 ug/m3
EPCAH3 • 0.081 x 1,540 - 125 ug/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 125 = 1,875 u9/l
EPCWH2 * 0.4 x 1,540 - 616 ug/1
EPCLH = 0.2 x 616 = 123.2 ug/g
EPCWE1 = 50 x 100 « 5,000 ug/1
EPCL£ = 0.2 x 5,000 * 1,000 ug/g
'Based on LD5Q (oral, rat): 1,540 mg/kg for
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23A060
MONOSUBSTITUTED ALKYL PYRIDINES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ug/m3
Ippm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Efftuent *f*
Based on
Health Effects
6.9E4
1.0E6
2.1E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E4
2.0E3
B Ambient Level Goal* a.
B«ed on
Health Effects
125
616
123.2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5,000
1,000
C, Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ug/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated.!.
Permissible Concentration '
A Based on
Health Effects
125
616
123.2
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
5,000
1,000
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
f
Based on data for collidines.
A-817
-------
CATEGORY: 23A
WLN:
PHENYLPYRIDINES:: CnHQN 23A080
2-PHENYLHYR10INE: " ta-pyndylbenzene). A liquid. 23A081 STRUCTURE:
3-PHENYLPYRIDINE: (p-pyridylbenzene). An oily liquid. 23A082
4-PHENYLPYRIDINE: (-y-pyridylbenzene). A solid. 23A083
PROPERTIES:
2-phenylpyridine
3-phenylpyridine
4-phenyl pyridine
mol.
155.
155.
155.
,wt.
2
2
2
ITlp.
77-8
273760
280-2762
d.
1.083325
solubility
in water
slightly
slightly
soluble in
hot water
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Radical arylation of pyridine gives a mixture of all 3 isomers,
in which the 2-isomer is usually the main component (ref. 13).
Phenyl addition to pyridine will result in a less water soluble
compound.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for phenylpyridines are not available at this time. However, lexicological
characteristics of phenylpyridines are likely to be similar to monosubsubstituted alkyl pyridines and
collidines.
LD50 (oral, rat): 1,540 mg/kg for collidines.
TLm 96: 100 to 1,000 for collidines.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
' MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 1,540 = 6.93 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 6.93 x 104 = 1.04 x 105 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.04 x 105 = 2.08 x 105 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 100 = 1.0 x 104 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1.0 x 104 = 2,000 ug/g
' ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 1,540 = 165 u9/nT
EPC.H, = 0.081 x 1,540 = 125 ug/m3
EPC
UH1
15 x 125 = 1,875 ng/1
EPCWH2 ' 0.4 x 1,540 = 616 i.g/1
EPC.,, = 0.2 x 616 = 123.2 ug/g
Ln
EPCy£1 = 50 x 100 = 5,000 ug/1
EPCLE = 0.2 x 5,000 = 1,000 ug/g
*Based on data available for collidines.
A-818
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23A080
PHENYLPYRIDINES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute 4<
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
6.9E4
1.0E6
2.1E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E4
2.0E3
B. Ambient Level Goal* T
Based on
Health Effects
125
616
123
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5,000
1,000
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, Aig/rn
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated ,
Permissible Concentration ~
A. Based on
Health Effects
125
616
123
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
5,000
1,000
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t Based on data for collidines.
A-819
-------
CATEGORY: 23A
I'HLORUPYRIPINES: C5H4C1N 23A100
2-CHLOROPYRIDINE: A liquid 23A101
3-CHLOROPYRIDINE: A liquid 23A102
4-CHLOROPYRIDINE: A liquid 23A103
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
T6NJ BG /
Cl
PROPERTIES:
2-chloropyridine:
3-chloropyridine:
4-chloropyridine:
mol.wt.
113.55
113.55
148744
147744
d.
1. 2051'5
solubility
in water
vap. press __^__
1mm at 13.3 slight
s1i ght
slight
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
4-Chloropyridine has been reported in samples taken from river
water and finished drinking water (ref. 14).
Chloropyridines will react with ammonia at 180-200° to form
aminopyridines.
3-Chloropyridine is used in the manufacture of Pharmaceuticals,
germicides, and pesticides. The compound is also formed during
chlorination, when pyridine is present in water (ref. 10).
T6MJ CG /
T6NJ DG /
2-chloropyridine
N
Cl
3-chloropyr1d1ne
n
4-chloropyridine
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Aminopyridines, which can be formed from chloropyridine, can be very toxic, especially the 2-amino-
pyridine isomer. Three separate cases of human intoxication from exposure to 2-aminopyridine have
been reported, one case resulting in death (ref. 11).
Chemical
2-chloropyridine
3-chloropyridine
4-chloropyridine
LD50 (intraperitoneal, mouse)
(nig/kg)
130
235
LD50 (intraperitoneal, rat) LC. (inhalation, rat)
(mg/kg) Lo
250ppm/7hours
275
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOB SPECIFIC REGULATION:
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 130 = 5,850 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 5,850 = 8.78 x 104 ug/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 8.78 x 104 = 1.76 x 104 ug/g Land, Ecology:
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 130 = 13.9 ug/m3
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 130 = 10.5 ug/m3
EPCWR1 <= 15 x 10.5 = 157.5 ug/1
EPCUH2 = 0.4 x 130 = 52.0 ug/1
EPCLH = 0.2 x 52 = 10.4 yg/g
Based on LD5Q (intraperitoneal, mouse) for 2-chjfipr&20idine.
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
23A100
CHLOROPYRIDINES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, >ig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ;ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppin Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A Exilting Standard!
NSPS. BPT. BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Eiti mates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Baled on
Health Effects
5.9E3
8.8E4
1.8E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
10.5
52
10.4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ag/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
10.5
52
10.4
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effect!
A-821
-------
CATEGORY: 23A
COLLIOINES: CgHnN
ethyl methyl pyridines). 23A120
5-ETHYL-2-METHYLPYRIDINE: (3-ethyl-6-nethylpyridine). 23A121
2,4,6-COLLIDINE: 23A122
(trimethylpyridlnes,
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt
(ref. 1); sparingly soluble in water
121.18; bp: 165-198; d: 0.9130-0.9352; pk : 7.1-7.45
a
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Collidines are found in low temperature tar. In general, they exhibit characteristics of aromatic
compounds. As bases they are stronger than pyridine.
Pyridine and Its derivatives are photolytically active (ref. 2).
Threshold odor for 2-methyl-5-ethyl pyridine is 0.008 ppm (ref. 10). It has been reported in samples taken
from finished drinking water (ref. 14).
The compound 2,4,6-collidine is produced in coal carbonization processes (ref. 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
The simple alkyl derivatives of pyridine act as local irritants (ref. 11). 2-Methyl-5-ethyl-pyridine
is listed as a corrosive liquid (ref. 7).
LD5Q (oral, rat): l,540mg/kg for 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine.
Aquatic toxicity: The 96-hr TLm for 2-ethyl-5-methyl pyridine is reported as 100 to 1,000 ppm (ref. 7).
Certain pyridine compounds cause tainting of fish flesh (ref. 9).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 1,540 = 6.93 x 104 ug/m3
water, Health: 15 x 6.93 x 104 = 1.04 x 106 ug/j.
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.04 x 106 = 2.08 x 105 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 100 » 1.0 x 104 ug/fc
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 1.0 x 104 = 2,000 vg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
AH2
0'107 x 1>54° = 165 u9
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 1,540 = 125 ug/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 125 = 1,875 ug/«.
EPCWH2 = °'4 x 1l54° = 616 V<3/1
EPC,
LH
0.2 X 616 = 123.2 ug/g
EPCWE1 = 50 * 1QQ = 5>OQO
EPCL£ = 0.2 x 5,000 = 1 ,000 ag
A-822
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23A120
COLLIDINES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, Mg/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technologv
Engineering Estimates
(R&O Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxiclty Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
6.9E4
1.0E6
2.1E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
1.0E4
2.0E3
6. Ambient Level Goal*
Bised on
Health Effects
125
616
123
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5,000
1,000
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wf)
Land, fiq/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
125
616
123
B Based on
Ecological Effects
5,000
1,000
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-823
-------
CATEGORY: 23A
DISUBSTITUTED, POLYSUBSTITUTED ALKYL PYRIDINES: 23A140
2,3-OIMETHYlPYRIDINE: (CH3)2C5H3N • (2,3-lutidine) A liquid.
(CH3)2C5H3N • (2,4-lutidine) A liquid.
(CH3)2CSH3N • (2,5-lutidine) A liquid.
(CH3)2CSH3N • (2,6-lutidine) A liquid.
(3,4-lutidine)
2,4-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE:
2,5-OIMETHYLPYRIOINE:
2,6-DIMETHYLPYRIDINE:
3,4-OIMETHYLPYRIDINE:
23A141
23A142
23A143
23A144
23A145
, ,-••.,,4^sH3N • (3,4-lutidine) A liquid
2,3,4,6-TETRAMETHYLPYRIDINE: (CH3)1)CSH1N. (e-parvalone). A liquid.
23A146
(CH3>n
PROPERTIES:
2,3-dimethylpyridine
2,4-dimethylpyridine
2,5-dimethylpyridine
2,6-dimethylpyridine
3,4-dimethylpyn'dine
mol.wt.
107.15
107.15
107.15
107.15
107.15
mo.
2,3,4,6-tetramethylpyridine 135.21
163.4
159-9.5
156.8-.9
145.7
163.5
230 (decomposes)
-16
-6.1
d. solubility in water
0.9319 soluble
0.9309 soluble
0.9297 slightly
0.9226 soluble
0.9281 slightly
slightly
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Disubstituted and polysubstituted alkyl pyridines, including lutidines, are
used mainly as special solvents or intermediates in chemical syntheses and in
the manufacture of Pharmaceuticals and resins (ref. 11). Lutidines were first
isolated from bone oil, and are found principally in coal tar, and in general,
exhibit properties character!'site of aromatic compounds (ref. 11).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Alkyl derivatives of pyridine are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract,
intraperitoneal cavity, and lungs. In order of decreasing toxicity, dimethyl-
pyridines follow 2-aminopyridine, vinyl pyridine, amyl pyridines, and collidine
and are more toxic than pyridine (ref. 11). The toxicity and irritant properties
of the pyridine derivatives substituted at the 4 position tend to be greater than
the corresponding derivatives substituted at the 2 position. This is true for
inhalation exposures as well as other routes of administration (ref. 11)
Data for the di- and polysubstituted alkyl pyridines are given below.
Chemical
2,3-dimethylpyridine
2,4-dimethylpyridine
2,5-dimethylpyridine
2,6-dimethylpyridine
3,4-dimethylpynVine
LD50(oral,rat)
(nig/kgi
400 (ref. 11)
800 (ref. 7)
710 (ref. 7)
LC10o(inhalation,rat)
ppm
4,300/2 hr (ref. 11)
7,500/1.2 hr (ref. 11)
'MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 400 = 1.8 x 10* ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.8 x 104 = 2.7 x 105 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.7 x 105 = 5.4 x 104 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
"ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
'AH2
0.107 x 400 =42.8
IONS:
EPCftH3 = 0.081 x 400 = 32.4 ug/nr
EPCUH1 = 15 x 32.4 = 486 ug/1
EPC
'WH2
0.4 x 400 = 160 ug/1
EPC.u = 0.2 x 160 = 32 ug/g
Ln
*Based on LD5Q (oral, rat) for 2,3-dimethylp;. A"'824
-------
MULTIMEDIA x
ENVIRONMENTAL 23A140
GOALS DISUBSTITUTEDr POLYSUBSTITUTED ALKYL PYRIDINES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fjg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jgfl
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II, Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.8E4
2.7E5
5.4E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Btted on
Health Effects
32.4
160
32
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/trr
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
32.4
160
32
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-825
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 23A
Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds -
Pyridine and Substituted Pyridines
1. Tennenbaum, L. E. Alkylpyridines and Arylpyridines. The Chemistry, of
Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 14_>_ Pyridine and Us Derivatives. Part 2, E.
Klingsberg, Ed., Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, NY (1961).
2. Gil lam, A. D., and E. S. Stern. The Selective Absorption of Some Heterocyclic
Compounds. An_ Introduction to_ Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy, Second,
Edition. Edward Arnold (Pub1ishers), Ltd., London (1957).
3. Barnes, R. A. Properties and Reactions of Pyridine and Its Hydrogenated
Derivatives. The Chemistry of Heterocycylic Compounds, Vol. 14, Pyridine a_nd_
Its Derivatives. Part ]_, E. Klingsberg, Ed., Interscience Publishers, Inc.,
New York, NY (196(JJ7~
4. Billings, C. E., Technological Sources of Air Pollution. Industrial Pol-
lution. N. I. Sax, Ed., Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., New York, NY (1974).
5. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer,
IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
6. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
7. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
8. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, National Technical Advisory
Committee Report. Water Quality Criteria (1968).
9. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
10. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
11. Sutton, W. L. Heterocyclic and Miscellaneous Nitrogen Compounds. Industrial
Hygiene and Toxicology. Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2, F. A. Patty, Ed.,
Interscience Publishers, New York, NY (1963).
A-826
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 23A (Continued)
12. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
13. Rodd, E. H. Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,. Vol. IV, Part F., Elsevier Pub-
lishing Company, Inc., New York, NY (1965).
14. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/4-76-062,
1976.
A-827
-------
CATEGORY 23
HETEROCYCLIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 23B - Fused Six-Membered Ring Heterocycles
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 22
number of parent compounds with subspecies 2
number of subspecies 9
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 2
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 1
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 4
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 0
A-829
-------
CATEGORY: 23B WIN: T66 BNJ
QUINOLINES: 23B020 T66 CNJ
QUINOLINE: CgH7N (1-benzazine, chinoline, benzo(b)pyridine) ,236021 STRUCTURE:
ISOQUINOLINE: (leucollne, benzo(c)pyridine). 23B022 Quinoline
Liquids with strong odors.
1.09
25
Isoquinoline
30
PROPERTIES:
Quinoline: Molecular wt: 129.16; nip: -15; fap: 237.7; d:
vap. press: 1 mm at 59.7° C; soluble in hot water.
Isoquinoline: Molecular wt: 129.1; mp: 26.48; d: 1.091JJ"; slightly soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Quinoline and isoquinoline are isolated in small amounts from coal tar. They are less basic than
aliphatic amines. Compounds containing the pyridine ring are photolytically active (ref. 1).
Odor threshold for quinoline is 0.7 ppm (ref. 2). Quinpline and isoquinoline have both been identified
in the ambient urban air in concentrations up to 69 ng/iooo m3 and 180 ng/1000 m3, respectively (ref. 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
It is a mild irritant.
Toxicity information for quinoline is very sparse.
LD5Q (oral, rat): 460 mg/kg for quinoline.
LD5Q Coral, rat): 350 mg/kg for isoquinoline.
^ncentrations of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/i in water may cause tainting of fish flesh (ref. 4,5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
45 x 350 = 1.58 x 10* pg/m3
15 x 1.58 x 10* * 2.36 x 105 ug/l
0.2 x 2.36 x 10J = 4.72 x 10 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecolony:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPCftH2 = 0.107 x 350 = 37.5 ug/m3
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 350 = 28.4 jg/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 28.4 = 426 yg/s.
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 350 = 140 ug/z
EPCLH = 0.2 x 140 = 28 ug/g
EPCWE1 = 500 (to prevent tainting) ug/l
EPCLE = 0.2 x 500 = 100 '.g
A-830
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B020
QUINOLINES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.6E4
2.4E5
4.7E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
28.4
140
28
Based on
Ecological
Effects
500
100
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, » g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
28.4
140
28
B Based on
Ecological Effects
500
100
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-831
-------
CATEGORY! 238 WIN; T66 BNJ C
2-HETHYLQUINOLINE: C1 ^gN (qulnaldlne). 23B040 STRUCTURE:
Colorless, oily liquid with qu1no11ne-Hke odor.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular t»t: 143.19; bp: 246-247; d: 1.06;
Insoluble 1n water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
2-methylquinol1ne occurs in small amounts in coal tar. In general, It exhibits properties of aromatic
compounds. Compounds containing the pyrldlne ring are photolytlcally active (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
2-methylquinoline is a respiratory tract irritant (ref. 6).
LD5Q {oral, rat): 1,230 mg/kg.
Certain quinoline compounds are reported to cause tainting of fish (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 1,230 » 5.54 x 104 yg/m3 A1r, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 5.54 x 104 • 8.31 x 105 pg/i Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 8.31 x 105 = 1.66 x 105 pg/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 > 0.107 x 1,230 * 132 pg/m3
EPCAH3 - 0.081 x 1,230 • 100 pg/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 100 ' 1,500
EPCWH2 ' 0.4 x 1,230 > 492 u
EPCLH = 0.2 x 492 = 98 yg/g
A-832
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B040
2-METHYLQUINOLINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fjtg/rrt
(ppm Vol)
Water, )jg/|
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT. BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
5.5E4
8.3E5
1.7E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
100
492
98
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background4
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ag/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
TOO
492
98
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-833
-------
CATEGORY: 236
OIMETHYLQUINOLINES AND OIMETHYLISOOUINOLINES: C^H^N 23B060
2,3-DIMETHYLQUINOLINE: (3-methylquinaldi'ne). A solid. 23B061
2,6-DIMETHYLQUINOLINE: (6-methylquinaldine). A solid 23ROfi?
2,8-OIMETHYLQUINOLINE: (o-toluquinaldine). A solid. 23B063
3,4-DIMETHYLQUINOLINE: (3-methyllepidine). A solid 23B064
6,8-DIMETHYLQUINOLINE: (8-cytisolidine). A liquid 23B065
1,3-DIMETHYLISOQUINOLINE: A solid or liquid 23B066
L.5-DIMETHYLISOQUINOLINE: A solid 23B067
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
CH3
•CH,
PROPERTIES!
2.3-dimethylquino line:
Z .C-ui11ne and dimethyl1soqulnol1ne have both been identified 1n ambient urban air (ref. 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for dimethylquinolines and dimethylisoquinolines are not available at this time.
However, toxicological characteristics of these compounds are likely to be most similar to those of
methylquinoline.
Substance
pyridine
methylpyridine
dimethylpyridine
trimethylpyridine
LDsnCoral.ratKmq/kg)
891
800
400-800
1,540
Substance
quinoline
methylquinoline
,rat)(mg/kg)
460
1,230
The available data indicate that methylation of pyridine and quinoline usually does not increase
the toxicity of these compounds.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
"MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 1,230 = 5.54 x 10 Mg/m Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 5.54 x 104 = 8.31 x 105 ug/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 8.31 x 105 = 1.66 x 105 ug/g Land, Ecology:
*ESTI MATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCftH2 * 0.107 x 1,230 = 132 ug/m3
EPCftH3 = 0.081 x 1,230 = 100 ug/m3
EPCWR1 = 15 x 100 • 1,500 ug/1
tPC
WH2
°'4 x 1>23° " 492 U9/1
EPCLH = 0.2 x 492 = 98 ug/g
A-834
*Based on raethylquinoline LD (oral, rat): 1,230 mg/kg.
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B060
DIMETHYLQUINQLINES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, Mfl/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
IMSPS, BPT. BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute «
Toxicity Effluent '
Based on
Health Effectl
5.54E4
8.31E5
1.7E5
Baud on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal" f
Bated on
Health Effects
100
492
98
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effectl
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects I
100
492
98
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Based on data for methylquincline,
A-835
-------
CATEGORY: 23B
ACRIDINE: C13HgN (10-azaanthracene, benzo(b)quinoline,
dibenzo(b.e)pyridine). 23B080
Small colorless crystals, dilute solutions exhibit
violet fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
WLN: T C666 BNJ
STRUCTURE:
Molecular wt:
111; sublimes; bp: 345-346; pK : 5.6
179.21; mp:
(ref. 7) d: 1.00520; vap. press.: 1 ran at 129.4°; slightly"
soluble in hot water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Acridines may be found in coal tar and pitch. They are associated with particulate
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 3). The concentration of acridine in
urban atmosphere is reported as 0.67 ug/1,500 m3 (ref. 9). This is equivalent to
0.00045 ug/m3.
The acridines are classified as weak bases.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Acridine is irritating to skin and to mucous membranes (ref. 7). Acridine may be
present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic to man ( 7, 10).
There is no evidence to indicate that acridine alone is carcinogenic to man or to animals.
LD5Q (oral, rat): 2,000 mg/kg.
Acridine is reported to be toxic to fish at 5 mg/n (ref. 2).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV (coal tar pitch volatiles): 0.2 mg/m . [The specification includes naphthalene,
anthracene, acridine, phenanthrene, and fluorene, collectively. The purpose of the TLV
is to minimize concentrations of higher-weight polycyclic hydrocarbons which are
carcinogenic (ref. 11).]
A candidate for the list for EPA Toxic Pollutant Effluent Standards (ref. 12).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 2,000 = 9.0 x 104 yg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 9.0 x 104 = 1.35 x 106 vg/t
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.35 x 106 = 2.70 x 105 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 5 = 500 y
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 500 = 100
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC
EPC,
'AH2
'AH3
0.107 x 2,000
0.081 x 2,000
214
162
g/m
,WH1 = 15 x 162 = 2,430 vg/l
:WH2 = 0.4 x 2,000 = 800 vg/t
160 ug/g
EPCLH = 0.2 x 800
EPCWE1 = 50 x 5 = 250
EPCLE = 0.2 x 250 = so ug/g
A-836
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B080
ACRIDINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, (jg/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
9.0E4
1.4E6
2.7E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
5.0E2
1.0E2
6. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
162
800
160
Based on
Ecological
Effects
250
50
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.00045t
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
0
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, w/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
162
800
160
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
250
50
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Reported for urban atmosphere. No rural concentration is reported,
A-837
-------
CATEGORY: 23B WUIM:
DIHYDROACRIDINE: C13HnN (acridan,
carbazine). 238100 STRUCTURE:
A solid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 181.24; mp:169-71; decomposes at 300°;
insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Dihydroacridine is likely to be associated with particulate polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LD5o (subcutaneous, mouse): 3,630 ug/kg (ref. 13).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 3.63 = 163.4 |jg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 163.4 = 2,451 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2,451 = 490.2 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology.
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 3.63 = 0.39 ug/m3
tPCAH3 = 0.081 x 3.63 = 0.29 ug/m3
15 x 0.29 * 4.35 ug/1
EPCWH1
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 3.63 = 1.45 ug/1
EPCLH = 0.2 x 1.45 = 0.29 ug/g
A-838
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
23B100
DIHYDROACRIDINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(RSD Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.6E2 »
2.5E3
4.9E2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal"
Btted on
Health Effects
0.3
1.5
0.3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Healtn Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
0.3
1.5
0.3
B Based on
Ecological Effects
111. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-839
-------
CATEGORY: 23B
PHENANTHlODINE: C13H9N (3,4-benzoquinoline,
9-azaphenanthrene, benzo(c)quinoline). 23B120
A solid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt:179.22; mp:106-7; bp:349769; slightly
soluble in water.
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Phenanthridine can be produced from quinoline in the presence of furan and lithium amalgam (ref 15).
It has been identified 1n the ambient air of New York City at a concentration of 22 ng/1000 m3 (ref.' 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
lexicological data for phenanthridine are not available at this time. However, lexicological
characteristics of phenanthridine are likely to be similar to those of acridine because of the
chemical structure similarity.
Certain nitrogen containing heterocyclics are known to induce tumor formation in experimental
animals (ref. 14).
Certain quinoline compounds are reported to cause tainting of fish (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg.m (for particulate polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
'MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health:
45 x 2,000 = 9.0 x 104 »g/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 9.0 x 104 = 1.35 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.35 x 106 = 2.70 x 105 gg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
• ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPCAH1 = 0.107 x 2,000 = 214 pg/m3
EPCAH2 = 0.081 x 2,000 = 162 ug/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 162 = 2,430 yg/1
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 2,000 * 800 ug/1
EPCLH = 0.2 x 800 ='160 ug/g
'Based on LD5Q (oral, rat): 2,000 mg/kg for'
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B120
PHENANTHRIDINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/l
(ppm Wt>
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent T
Based on
Health Effects
9.0E4
1.4E6
2.7E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal* -j-
B«ed on
Health Effects
162
800
160
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, (ig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ^9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration T
A. Based on
Health Effects
162
800
160
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Based on data for acridine.
A-841
-------
CATEGORY: 23B
BENZO(f)QUINOLINE: C13H9N (5,6-benzoquinoline,
p-naphthoquincline, naphthopyridine). A solid. 23B140
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 179.22; mp:94; bp:350721; slightly soluble
in hot water.
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Benzo(f)quinoline is used as a reagent for the determination of cadmium, which is precipitated as
(C13H9N)2H2 (CdI4) from dilute nitric or sulfuric acid solution in the presence of potassium iodide (ref. 16).
Benzo(f)quinoline concentration in the average U.S. urban atmosphere is reported as 0.2 ug/1,000 m3 air
(refs. 14,17). It is associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxicological data for benzo(f)quinoline are not available at this time. However, lexicological
characteristics of benzo(fJquinoline are likely to be similar to those of acridine because of the
chemical structure similarity.
Certain nitrogen containing heterocyclics are known to induce tumor formation in experimental
animals (ref. 14).
Certain quinoline compounds are reported to cause tainting of fish (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarcons [PPAHj. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOX1CITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Heatlh:
45 x 2,000 = 9.0 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 9.0 x 104 = 1.35 x 106 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.35 x TO6 = 2.70 x 105yg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPCftH1 ' 0.107 x 2,000 = 214 ug/m3
EPC
•WH1
0.081 x 2,000 = 162 pg/m3
15 x 162 = 2,430 ug/1
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 2,000 « 800 ug/1
EPC
lh
0.2 x 800 ' 160 ug
A-ft4?
*Based on LD5Q (oral, rat): 2,000 mg/kg for acrvilneT
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B140
BENZO(f)QUINOLINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B, Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute T
Toxicity Effluent T
Based on
Health Effects
9.0E4
1.35E6
2.7E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal' ^
Based on
Health Effects
162
800
160
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.2xlO"3t
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Baud on
Health Effects
B. Bated on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated 4.
Permissible Concentration -f
A. Based on
Health Effects
162
800
160
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t Urban Atmosphere Concentration. Rural Concentration Is Not Available.
$ Based on data for acridine.
A-843
-------
CATEGORY: 238 WIN:
BENZO(h)QUINOLINE: C13H9N (7,8-benzoquinoline,
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B160
BENZO(h)QUIIMOUNE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, H9/9
(ppm Wt)
I . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS, BPT, BAT
6. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicitv Effluent T
Based on
Health Effects
9.0E4
1.4E6
2.7E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal"-}-
Based on
Health Effects
162
800
160
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
3 x 10"4
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
o
Air, iug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated -j-
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
162
800
160
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t Based on data for acridine.
A-845
-------
CATEGORY: 238 WUN:
BENZ(a)ACftlOINE: C17HnN (1,2-benzacridine). 23B180
A solid. STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 229.29; pKa:3.95; solubility in water may
be enhanced by the presence of acids as impurities in
water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Acridines may be found in coal tar and pitch. They are associated with
particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 8). The concentration
of benz(a)acridine in average U.S. urban air is reported as 0.2 ug/1,000 m3
(refs. 17, 14).
The acridines are classified as weak bases.
ono
o
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxicological data for benz(a)acridine are not available at this time.
Certain nitrogen-containing heterocyclics are known to induce tumor formation
in experimental animals (ref. 14).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This
TLV recognizes the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B180
BENZ(a)ACRIDINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
2 x 1CT4
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-847
-------
CATEGORY! 238 WLN: T D6 B666 CNJ
BENZ(c)ACRlDlNE: C^H^N (a-chrys1d1ne; a-naphthacridine; STRUCTURE:
3,4-benzacr1d1ne). 23B200
Benz(c)acr1d1ne crystallizes in the form of needles from
aqueous ethanol; solutions show green fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 229.29; mp: 108; pK: 3.24 (ref. 14);
Q
solubility in water may be enhanced by the presence of
acids as impurities 1n water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Acridlnes may be found in coal tar and pitch. They are associated with particulate
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 8). The concentration of benz(c) acridlne
in air polluted with coal tar pitch is reported as 0.12 ug/l,QOO m3; and the average
urban atmospheric concentration in the U.S. is reported as 0.6 ug/1,000 m3 (ref. 10).
The acridines are classified as weak bases.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benz(c)acridine may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch which are known to be
carcinogenic to man (refs. 7 , 10). Although it is reported to cause tumors in mice,
benz(c)acridine is not considered to be a highly active carcinogen. The EPA/NIOSH
ordering number is 3121. The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is reported
as 468 mg/kg (ref. 13). The adjusted ordering number is 6.66.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This
TLV recognizes the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively].
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/6.66 » 1.05 x 104 vg/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.05 x 104 = 1.58 x 105 \ig/l Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.58 x 105 = 3.16 x 104 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 6.66) » 25.0 ug/m3
EPCHC = 15 x 25 » 375
EPCLC = 0.2 x 375 = 75
A-848
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B200
BENZ(c)ACRIDINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, *ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Eftluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.1 E4
1.6E5
3.2E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
&4$ed on
Health Effects
25
375
75
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
0.0006t
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, (ug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
25
375
75
Average for urban atmosphere. No rural concentration is reported.
A-849
-------
CATEGORY; 238 WLN: T E6 D6 B666 NNJ
DIBENZ(a.j)ACRIDINE: C21H]3N (1,2:7,8-dibenzacridine). 23B220 STRUCTURE;
Dibenz(a,j)acridine crystallizes as yellow needles.
Sulfuric acid solutions of the compound exhibit greenish
fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 279.35; mp: 216; solubility in water
may be enhanced by the presence of acid impurities in
water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Acridines may be found in coal tar and pitch. They are associated with particulate polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 8).
The average atmospheric urban concentration of dibenz(a,j)acridine in the United States is
reported as 0.04 yg/1,000 m3 (ref. 14).
The acridines are classified as weak bases.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Dibenz(a,j)acr1d1ne may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be
carcinogenic to man (refs. 7 , 10). Dibenz(a,j)acridine is reported to induce tumors in mice.
The EPA/NIOSH ordering number if 3122. The lowest dose to induce an oncogenic response is 11 mg/kg
(ref. 13). The adjusted ordering number is 284.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This TLV
recognizes the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively].
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/284 = 246 yg/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 2.46 x 102 = 3.70 x 103 yg/£ Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0-2 x 3.70 x TO3 * 740 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 » 103/(6 x 284) =• 0.59 yg/m3
EPCyc = 15 x 0.59 » 8.85 ug/£
EPCLC * 0.2 x 8.85 = 1.77 ug/g
A-850
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
23B220
DIBENZ(a,j)ACRIDINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
IR&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effect!
2.5E2
3.7E3
7.4E2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effectl
0.59
8.85
1.77
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
4xlO"5t
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, yug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
0.59
8.85
1.77
t Reported for urban atmosphere. No rural concentration is reported.
A-851
-------
C21H13N" (] '2:5,6-Dibenzacridine).
WLN: T G6 06 B666 CNJ
23B240 STRUCTURE:
CATEGORY: 23B
DIBENZ(a.h)ACRIDINE:
Dibenz(a,h)acridine is obtained as yellow crystals
from ethanol; solutions of the compound exhibit
fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
• Molecular wt: 279.34; mp: 228; solubility in
water may be enhanced by the presence of acids as
impurities in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Acridines may be found in coal tar and pitch. They are associated with particulate polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, PPAH (ref. 8). The average atmospheric urban concentration of
dibenz(a,h)acridine in the United States is reported as 0.08 yg/1,000 m3 air (ref. 14).
The acridines are classified as weak bases.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Dibenz(a,h)acridine may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be
carcinogenic to man (refs. 7, ig). Dibenz(a,h)acrid1ne is reported to cause tumors in mice.
The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3124. The lowest toxic dose to induce a carcinogenic
response is 10 mg.kg (ref. 13). The adjusted ordering number is 312.4
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This TLV
recognizes the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively].
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/312.4 = 224 yg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 224 = 3.36 x TO3 ug/8.
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.36 x 103 = 672 yg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 103/(6 x 312.4) = 0.53 ug/m3
EPCWC « 15 x 0.53 = 8.0
EPC
LC
0.2 x 8.0 * 1.6 ua
A-852
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
23B240
DIBENZ(a,h)ACRIDINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/np
(ppm Vol)
Water, ^9/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
IR&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.2E2
3.4E3
6.7E2
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goaf*
Based on
Health Effects
0.53
8.0
1.6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
8x10-5t
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
"
-
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
0.5
8.0
1.6
TReported for urban atmosphere. No rural concentration is reported,
A-853
-------
CATEGORY: 23B
DIBENZ(c.h)ACRIDINE: C21H13N (3,4:5,6-dibenzacridine). 23B26Q
Dibenz(c,h)acridine is obtained as yellow crystals from
ethanol. Solutions of the compound exhibit fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt.: 279.35; mp: 189; sublimes; solubility
in water may be enhanced by the presence of acids as impurities
in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Acridines may be found in coal tar and pitch. They are
associated with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
PPAH (ref. 8).
The acridines are classified as weak bases.
WLN: T E6 06 B666 CNJ
STRUCTURE:
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Dibenz(c,h)acridine may be present in soot, coal tar, and pitch, which are known to be carcinogenic
to man (refs. .7, 10). Although not considered to be a highly active carcinogen alone, dibenz(c.h)
acridine is reported to cause tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3122. The lowest
dose to induce an oncogenic response is reported as 1,020 mg/kg (ref. 13). The adjusted ordering
number is 3.06.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m [for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This TLV recognizes
the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively].
MINIMUM ACUTE TOX1CITY CONCENTRATIONS:
2.3 x 104 ug/m3
15 x 2.3 x 104 * 3.45 x 105
Air, Health: 7 x 1073.06
Water, Health:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.45 x 105 = 6.9 x 104 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 10J/(6 x 3.06) = 54.5 ng/mj
EPCWC = 15 x 54.5 = 817.5 ug/£
EPCLC = 0.2 x 317.5 = 163.5 ug/g
A-854
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B260
DIBENZ(c,h)ACRIDINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.3E4
3.5E5
6.9E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Bqsed on
Health Effects
54.5
817
163
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Maturaf Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIEMT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, j/g/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
'
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
54.5
817
163
A-855
-------
CATEGORY: 23B
2.3-BENZ-4-AZAFLUORENE: C^H^N
quinollne). 23B280
Colorless needles from benzene.
(ll-Indeno(l,2-b)
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
PROPEBTIES:
Molecular wt: 217.28; mp: 169-70; bp: 412.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2,3-Benz-4-azafluorene Is a constituent of anthracite pitch. It is associated with partlculate
polycyclic organic matter (ref. 8).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
No information is available regarding toxic effects or carcinogenic potential for this compound alone.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV * 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: A1r, Ecology:
Water, Health: Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
A-856
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B280
2,3-BENZ4-AZAFLUORENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, tig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
IMSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Basudon
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-857
-------
CATEGORY: 238 WLN:
INDENO(l,2,3-ij)ISOQUINOUNE: CJSH9N 236300
(2-azafluoranthene). STRUCTURE:
Pale yellow crystals.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 203.25 mp: 91-92.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Indeno(l,2,3-1j)1soqu1nol1ne has been reported 1n airborne partlculates and gasoline
exhaust (ref. 8). Acidic solvents are used to extract the compound from the particulate
matter for qualitative and quantitative identification (ref. 8.).
Indeno(l,2,3-ij)1soquinol1ne is likely to be associated with particulate polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons. The compound has been isolated from coal tar (ref. 18).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxicological properties for indeno(l,2,3-ij)isoquinoline are not available at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANOIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes
the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS'.
A-858
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23B300
INDENO(1.2.3-ii)ISOQUINOLINE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Category
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ug/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
' I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxictty Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effect.
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effect*
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, tig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-859
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 23B
Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds -
Fused Six-Membered Ring Heterocycles
1. Gil lam, A. D., and E. S. Stern. The Selective Absorption of Some Heterocyclic
Compounds. Ar^ Introduction tp_ Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy, Second
Edition. Edward Arnold (Pub1ishers), Ltd., London (1957).
2. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
3. Kingsbury, G. L., R. C. Sims, and J. B. White. Source and Ambient Concen-
tration Data for Polycyclic Organic Matter. Vol. I-III. Draft of Report
Prepared by Research Triangle Institute, under Contract No. 68-02-2612 for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from J. 0. Milliken, Project
Officer, IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1978).
4. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. Water Quality
Criteria 1972. A Report. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. EPA-
R3-73-033 (1973).
5. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, National Technical Advisory
Committee Report. Water Quality Criteria (1968).
6. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
7. Acheson, R. M. An Introduction to the Chemistry of Heterocylic Compounds,
Third Edition. Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY (1976).
8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic Organic
Matter (PPOM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-74-001 (1975).
9. Wagoner, D. Compilation of Ambient Trace Substances. Draft of Report Pre-
pared by Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 68-02-1325 for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Available from W. G. Tucker, Project Officer,
IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1976).
10. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evalua-
tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 3, Lyon, France. A World
Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva (1973).
11. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
A-860
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 23B (Continued)
12. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water Program. Toxic Pol-
lutant Effluent Standards. Title 40 Code Federal Regulations, Part 129.
13. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
14. Searle, C. E., Ed. Chemical Carcinogens. ACS Monograph 173. American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1976).
15. Rodd, E. H. (Ed.). Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Second Edition',
edited by S. Coffey, Vol. IV, Part F. Elsevier Pub. Company, New York, NY (1977),
16. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
17. Bond, R. G., C. P. Straub, and R. Prober, Eds. Handbook of Environmental
Control. Vol. 1: Air Pollution. The Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, OH
(1972).
18. Engel, C. R., E. Sawicki. A Superior Thin-Layer Chromatographic Procedure for
the Separation of Aza Arenes and Its Application to Air Pollution. J_._
Chromatography. 31_ (1967).
A-861
-------
CATEGORY 23
HETEROCYCLIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 23C - Pyrrole and Fused Ring Derivatives of Pyrrole'
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory ] ]
number of parent compounds with subspecies 2
number of subspecies 4
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 0
A-863
-------
CATEGOHY; 23C
PYRROLE: C^N (1-aza-2,4-cyclopentad1ene, azole,
d1v1nylene1mine). 23C020
Colorless liquid when freshly distilled, darkens
on exposure to air, odor similar to that of chloroform.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 67.09; bp: 130; d: 0.969120
sparingly soluble In water.
WLN: TSMJ
STRUCTURE:
4 ; vap. d.: 2.31; p• 104 = 3,100 Pg/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 61
EPCftH3 =0.081 x 61
6.5 ug/m
5 ug/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 5 » 75 vg/l
EPCWH2 * 0.4 x 61 = 24 vg/l
EPCLH » 0.2 x 24 = 4.8 ug/g
A-864
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23C020
PYRROLE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Exit ting Standards
NSPS, BPT. BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxictty Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.7E3
4.1E4
8.1E3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
5
24
4.8
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
5
24
4.8
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-865
-------
CATEGORY; 23C WIN: T56 BMJ
INOOLE: CgH7N (2,3-benzopyrrole, 1-azaindene, 1-benzazole). 23C040STRUCTURE;
Colorless leaflets from water. Pleasant odor when pure.
H
• N,
f*" "TT
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt: 117.15; mp: 52; bp: 253-4;
soluble in hot water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Indole occurs in coal tar, in jasmine, orange blossom, and other flower oils, and with skatole
in feces (ref. 2). Indole-3-acetic acid is an important plant growth hormone (ref. 5).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LD5Q (oral, rat): 1,000 mg/kg.
Indole is reported to cause tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3121.
The lowest dose to induce an oncogenic response is reported as 480 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering
number is 6.5.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/6.5 * 1.1 x 104 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 1.1 x 104 * 1.65 x 105 ug/i Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.65 x 105 = 3.3 x 104yg/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 1,000 = 107 ng/m3
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 1,000 » 81 ng/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 81 = 1,200 iig/H
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 1,000 = 400 ug/l
EPC. ,, = 0.2 x 400 = 80 ug/g
LM -, -
EPCAC2 = 10 /(6 x 6.5) ' 26 Mg/mJ
EPCWC = 15 x 26 = 390 uq/l
EPCL(. = 0.2 x 390 = 78 ug/g
A-866
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23C040
INDOLE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, j/g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ^g/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1 .1E4
1.7E5
3.3E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Uvel Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
26
390
78
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
81
400
80
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
26
390
78
A-867
-------
CATEGORY: 23C
METHYLINDOLES: C9H9N
23C060
2-METHYLINDOLE: A solid. 23C061
3-METHYLINOOLE: (skatole). White to brownish scales
with fecal odor. 23C062
HUM;
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
2-methylindole 131718" 617 272
3-methylindole 131.18 97-8 26S-6755
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
solubility
d. in water
1.073° soluble
when hot
soluble
3-Methylindole is a natural constituent of feces, beet root,
nectandra wood, and coal tar (ref. 6).
Methylindole is likely to be associated with particulate
polycvclic aromatic hydrocarbons and has been identified in the
ambient air of Rome, Italy at a concentration of 2 ng/m (ref. 7).
Threshold odor concentration for 3-methylindole is reported as
0.0004 ug/mj (ref. 8).
CH,
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LDLo (subcutaneous, frog): 1,000 mg/kg for 3-methylindole (ref. 9).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This
TLV recognizes the carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 1,000 = 4.5 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 4.5 x 104 = 6.75 x 105 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 6.75 x 105 = 1.35 x 105 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
EPC
'AH2
0.107 x 1,000 = 107
EPC
EPC
UH1
= 0.081 x 1,000 = 81 yg/m
= 15 x 81 = 1,215 ug/1
I x 1,000 = 400 ug/1
WH2
EPCLH = 0.2 x 400 = 80 ug/g
A-868
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23C060
METHYLINDOLES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, yg/tn3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ug/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.5E4
6.8E5
1.4E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
81
400
80
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
1 1 . Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
81
400
80
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-869
-------
CATEGORY: 23C
CARBAZQLE: C^HgN (,9-azafluorene, dibenzo(b,d)pyrrole,
diphenyleneimine). 23C080
Colorless, slightly fluorescent plates.
T B656 HMJ
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 167.20; nip: 245; bp: 355; d:
1.10
18
vap. press: 400 irni at 323°; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Carbazole occurs in anthracene oil of coal tar. Simple substituted carbazoles have been isolated
from plants (ref. 5). It is a weaker base than diphenylamine (ref. 2).
Carbazole is associated with particulate polycyclic organic matter (ref. 10).and has been identified
in the ambient air of Rome, Italy, in concentrations up to 1.1 ng/m3.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Carbazole is a known allergen (ref. 11).
LOLo (oral, rat): 500 mg/kg.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 500 = 2.25 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 2.25 x 104 = 3.4 x 105 yg/l
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.4 x 105 = 6.8 x 104 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 500 = 54 pg/m3
EPCAH3 » 0.081 x 500
41
EPC
EPC
,WH1 = 15 x 41 = 615 vg/l
WH2
x 50° 3 20°
EPCLH = 0.2 x 200 = 40 ug/g
A-870
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23C080
CARBAZOLE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ig/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.3E4
3.5E5
6.8E4
Based on
Ecological
E Meets
B Ambient Level Go*)*
Based on
Health Effects
41
200
40
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background4
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
0
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, (/g/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
41
200
40
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-871
-------
CATEGORY: 23C WLN:
HETHYLCARBAZOLES: CjaHnNCmethyldibenzopyrrole,
methyldiphenylenimine). 23C100 STRUCTURE:
3-METHYLCARBAZOLE: (3-methyldibenzopyrrole, 3-methy1dipheny1enimine).
A solid. 23C101
9-METHYLCARBAZOLE: (9-methyldibenzopyrrole, 9-methyldiphenylenimine).
A solid. 23C102
PROPERTIES:
9-methylcarbazole
3-methylcarbazole
mol.wt
181.24
181.24
_
88
solubility
in water
insoluble
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Substituted carbazoles occur naturally in the Rutaceae
family, and the majority of compounds have been isolated
from a single plant species (ref. 5).
Carbazole and its methyl derivatives have been reported to be
present in urban atmosphere. Possible sources are fumes of coal-
tar pitch (ref. 10). Methylcarbazoles are likely to be associated
with particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxicological data for methylcarbazoles are not available at this time.
However, toxicological characteristics of methylcarbazoles are likely to be
similar to those of carbazole because of the chemical structure similarity.
Substance
Pyridine
Qu incline
Indole
Carbazole
LDso(oral,rat)
(mg/kg)
891
460
1,000
500
Methylated Substance
methyl pyridine
methyl qu incline
methyl indole
LD50(oral,rat)
(mg/kg)
800
1,230
ID. (subcutaneous,
L° (mg/kg)
1,000
frog)
The available data indicate that methylation of these similar compounds does not increase the toxicity of
the compound.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV = 0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 500 = 2.25 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 2.25 x 104 = 3.4 x 105 ug/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.4 x 105 = 6.8 x 104 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology.
"ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 = 0.107 x 500 - 54 pg/m3
EPCAH2 * °'081 x 50° = 41 P9/m3
EPC,
EPC
WH1
'WH2
EPC
LH
15 x 41 = 615 yg/l
0.4 x 500 ' 200 ug/1
0.2 x 200 = 40 ug/g
"Based on LD5Q (oral, rat): 500 mg/kg for carbazole.
A-872
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23C100
METHYLCARBAZOLES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, (ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent T
Based on
Health Effects
2.3E4
3.4E5
6.8E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal* *f-
Bajed on
Health Effects
41
200
40
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration T
A. Based on
Health Effects
41
200
40
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
t Based on data for carbazole.
A-873
-------
CATEGORY: 23C
BENZO(a)CARBAZOLE: ClSHnN (1,2-benzcarbazole,
11 H-benzo(a)carbazole). 23C120
A solid.
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt: 217.28; mp:228; insoluble
in water.
VVLN; T D6 8566 CMJ
STRUCTURE!
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Carbazoles are penerally weak bases (ref. 2). Simple substituted carbazoles have been isolated
from plants (ref. 5).
Benzo(a)carbazole may be associated with particulate polycyclic organic matter. Benzocarbazoles
are reported to occur in air containing fumes of coal-tar pitch (ref. 10).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Benzo(a)carbazole is a carcinogen in the mouse (ref. 9). The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 3,121.
The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is 840 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering number is
3.7.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION!
TLV =0.2 mg/m3 (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively.)
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
7 x 104/3.7 = 1.89 x 104
Water, Health: 15 x 1.89 x 104 = 2.84 x 105 pg/1
Land, Health: 0.2 x 2.84 x 105 = 5.68 x 104 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC
AC2
we
LC
= KT/(6 x 3.7) = 45.0 ug/nT
- 15 x 45.0 » 675 ug/1
= 0.2 x 675 = 135 ug/g
A-874
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23C120
BENZO(a)CARBAZOLE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
I, Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.9E4
2.8E5
5.7E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Bated on
Health Effect!
45
675
135
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/trr
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standard! or Criteria
A. Baud on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Bated Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
45
675
135
A-875
-------
CATEGORY: 23C
OIBENZO(a.ilCARBftZOLE: C^^ (7H-dibenzo(a,i)carbazole,
l,2:7,8-dibenzocarbazo1e). 23C140
Colorless leaflets from acetic acid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 267.34; nip: 221; insoluble in water.
WIN; T E6 06 B566 CMJ
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Carbazoles are in general weak bases (ref. 2). simple substituted carbazoles have been isolated
from plants (ref. 5).
The compound may be associated with particulate polycyclic organic matter.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Dibenzota,i)carbazole is reported to cause tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering numoer
is 3121. The lowest toxic dose to induce an oncogenic response is reported as 510 mg/kg. The adjusted
ordering number is 6.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m {for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 104/6 * 1.2 x 10* ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.2 x 104 = 1.8 x 105 ng/ji,
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.8 x 105 = 3.6 x 104 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
'AC2
10V(6 x 6) = 28
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23C140
DIBENZO(a,i)CARBAZOLE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, Mg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
Ippm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goats)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.2E4
1.8E5
3.6E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effect,
28
420
84.0
Based on
Ecofogical
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
28
420
84.0
A-877
-------
CATEGORY: 23C WLN: T 06 C6 B566 MMJ
OIBENZO(c.g)CARBAZOLE: C2QH13M (7H-Oibenzo(c,g)carbazole, STRUCTURE:
3,4:5,6-dibenzocarbazole). 23C160
Colorless needles from ethanol.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 267.34; mp: 158; insoluble in water; lipid
solubility: 0.3 mg/0.25 ml tricaprylin (ref. 12;.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Carbazoles are, in general, weak bases (ref. 2). Simple substituted carbazoles have been isolated
from plants (ref. 5).
Dibenzo(c,g)carbazo1e is associated with particulate polycyclic organic matter (ref. 10).
TOXIC PROPERTIESt HEALTH EFFECTS:
Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole is a carcinogen in the mouse, rat, hamster, and possibly in the dog (ref. 12). The
EPA/NIOSH ordering number is 5429. The lowest dose to induce a carcinogenic response is reported as 8 mg/kg.
The adjusted ordering number is 679.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV = 0.2 mg/m (for particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x 10/679
Water, Health:
Land, Health:
103 ug/m
15 x 103 = 1.5 x 103 ug/i
0.2 x 1.5 x 103 = 300 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAC2 = 10J/(6 x 679)
0.24 ug/m
EPC
EPC,
15 x 0.24 = 3.6
1C
0.2 x 3.5 = 0.72 yg/g
A-878
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
23C160
DIBEIMZO(c,g)CARBAZOLE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
IMSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.0E2
1.5E3
3.0E2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
0.2
3.6
0.7
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, >ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ,ug/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
0.2
3.6
0.7
A-879
-------
CATEGORY;
23C
DIBENZO(a.g)CARBAZOLE: C^H^H (7H-dibenzo(a,g)-
carbazole, 1,2:5,6-dibenzocarbazole). 23C180
Colorless needles from acetone.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 267.34; mp: 231; Insoluble in water.
WLN: T F6 C6 B566 MMJ
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Carbazoles are In general weak bases (ref. 2). Simple substituted carbazoles have been Isolated
from plants (.ref. 5). The compound may be associated with participate polycyclic organic matter.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
D1benzo(.a,g)carbazole is reported to cause tumors in mice. The EPA/NIOSH ordering number is
3121. The lowest dose to Induce a carcinogenic response is 270 mg/kg. The adjusted ordering number is 11.6.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV =0.2 mg/m (for partlculate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PPAH]. This TLV recognizes the
carcinogenic potential of PPAH collectively).
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 7 x loVTI-S
6 x 103 yg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 6 x 103 > 9 x-104
Land, Health: 0.2 x 9 x 104 = 1.8 x lo"1 ug/g
A1r, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC,
'AC2
Src =
= 10J/(6 x 11.6) = 14 ng/m3
15 x 14 = 210 yg/i
0.2 x 210 » 42 ug/g
A-880
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23C180
DIBENZO(a,g)CARBAZOLE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxtcity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
6.0E3
9.0E4
1.8E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
14
210
42
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
"t
Air, /ug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
14
210
42
A-881
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 23C
Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds -
Pyrrole and Fused Ring Derivatives of Pyrrole
1. Sutton, W. L. Heterocyclic and Miscellaneous Nitrogen Compounds. Industrial
Hygiene and Toxicology, Second Revised Edition, Vol. 2, F. A. Patty, Ed.,
Interscience Publishers, New York, NY (1963).
2. Livingstone, R. Compounds Containing a Five-Membered Ring with One Hetero
Atom from Group V: Nitrogen--Bused-Ring Compounds. Rodd's Chemistry of
Carbon Compounds, Second Edition, Vol. 4_, Part A, S;. Coffey, Ed., Elsevier
Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1973).
3. Smith, K. M. The Pyrrole Pigments. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds.
Second Edition. Vol. 4, Part B: Heterocyclic Compounds, S. Coffey, Ed.,
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1973).
4. Braunstein, H. M., E. D. Copenhauer, and H. A. Pfuderer (Eds.). Environmental,
Health, and Control Aspects of Coal Conversion: An Information Overview.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN 37830. Prepared for the Energy -
Research and Development Administration, April 1977.
5. Stapleford, K. S. J. The Indole Alkaloids. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon
Compounds, Second Edition, Vol. 4_, Part B, S. Coffey, Ed., Elsevier Scientific
Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1973).
6. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,
Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
7. Kingsbury, G. L., R. C. Sims, and J. B. White. Source and Ambient Concen-
tration Data for Polycyclic Organic Matter. Vol. I-III. Draft of Report
Prepared by Research Triangle Institute, under Contract No. 68-02-2612 for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from J. 0. Milliken, Project
Officer, IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1978).
8. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
9. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracor Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic Organic
Matter (PPOM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-74-001 (1975).
A-882
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 23C (Continued)
11. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
12. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evalua-
tion of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol. 3, Lyon, France. A World
Health Organization Publication (WHO), Geneva (1973).
A-883
-------
CATEGORY 23
HETEROCYCLIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 23D - Nitrogen Heterocycles Containing Additional Hetero Atoms
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 2
number of parent compounds with subspecies o
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with -natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 0
A-885
-------
T56 8N OSJ
STRUCTURE:
CATEGORY; 23D
BENZOTHIAZOLE: C7H5NS (benzosulfonazole).
A liquid with the odor of quinoline. 23D020
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 135.19; mp:2; bp:231760; d:1.24602°;
slightly soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
Benzothiazole can be formed from the reaction between N,N-dimethylam"!ine and
sulfur (ref. 1).
Benzothiazole has been reported in samples taken from finished drinking water (ref. 2) and in
urban air (ref. 3).
Benzothiazole is used in the manufacture of photographic dyes and rubber chemicals (ref. 4).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
LDSO (intravenous,mouse): 95 mg/kg (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 95 = 4,275 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 4,275 = 6.41 x 104 ug/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 6.41 x 104 = 1.28 x 104 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
AH2
0.107 x 95 = 10.2 ug/m
AH3 = 0.081 x 95 = 7.70 ug/m
EPCWR1 = 15 x 7.70 = 115.5 yg/1
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 95
38
EPC.,, = 0.2 x 38 = 7.6 ug/9
Ln
A-886
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23D020
BENZOTHIAZOLE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
If. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.3E3
6.4E4
1.3E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
7.7
38
7.6
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background4
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
fppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A Based on
Health Effects
7.7
38
7.6
B Baser) on
Ecological Effects
111. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-887
-------
CATEGORY: 23D WUN:
2-HETHYL BENZOTHIAZOLE: C8H7NS 230040
A colorless liquid with an odor similar to STRUCTURE:
pyridine.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 149.22; mp: 14; bp: 240; d: 1.1763J9'4;
insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2-Methyl benzothiazole has been reported in samples taken from
finished drinking water (ref. 2).
2-Methyl benzothiazole is used in the syntheses of dyes, and in the syntheses
of dye bases for use as pH indicators (ref. 6).
The compound has been reported to be microbiologically synthesized by cultures of
cordyceps militaris (ref. 7).
The 2,6-diamino analogue of 2-methyl benzothiazole is almost as effective as the
antibiotic streptomycin in guinea pigs (ref. 8).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
2-Methyl benzothiazole has been tested for bacteriostatic effects against tubercle
bacilli in vivo and in guinea pigs, and has demonstrated weak activity (ref. 5 ).
LOso (intravenous, mouse): 105 mg/kg
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 105 = 4,725 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 4,725 = 7.09 x 10* jjg/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 7.09 x 104 " 1.42x 104 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPC
EPC
EPC,
'AH2
AH3
WH1
0.107 x 105 = 11.24 ug/m
0.081 x 105 = 8.51 gg/m3
15 x 8.51 = 127.7 iig/1
EPCWH2 = 0.4 x 105 = 42 ug/1
EPCLH » 0.2 x 42 = 8.4 ug/g
A-
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
23D040
2-METHYL BENZOTHIAZOLE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Band on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.7E3
7.1E4
1.4E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
8.5
42
8
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, j*g/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
8.5
42
8
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-889
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 23D
Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds -
Nitrogen Heterocycles Containing Additional Hetero Atoms
1. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and
Drugs, Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
2. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4-76-062, December 1976.
3. Kingsbury, G. L., R. C. Sims, and J. B. White. Source and Ambient Concen-
tration Data for Polycyclic Organic Matter. Vol. I-III. Draft of Report
Prepared by Research Triangle Institute, under Contract No. 68-02-2612 for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available from J. 0. Milliken, Project
Officer, IERL-EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C. (1978).
4. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
5. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville, MD
for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
6. Rodd, E. H. Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Vol. IV, Part B, Elsevier Scientific
Publishing Company, Inc., New York, NY (1965).
7. Mutschler, E. Archives Pharmacology 300: 695 (1967).
8. Freedlanker, B. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology 66: 3625
(1947).
A-890
-------
CATEGORY 24
HETEROCYCLIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 24A - One- and Two-Ring Heterocycllc Oxygen Compounds
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 5
number of parent compounds with subspecies ]
number of subspecies 4
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 2
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 0
A-891
-------
CATEGORY: 24A WIN:
FURAN:C^H40 (furfurane, oxole, tetrole,
divinylene oxide). STRUCTURE:
A colorless liquid. 24A020
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 68.08; mp: -85.65; bp: 31.36760;
d: 0.95142°; vap.d: 2.35; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Furan occurs in oils obtained by the distillation of resin containing pine
wood. It can be formed by decarboxylation of 2-furancarboxylic acid (ref. 1).
Unstabilized, furan may form unstable peroxides on exposure to air. Contact
with acids may initiate a violent exothermic reaction (ref. 2).
Furan is a heterocycle that is considered an aromatic compound on the basis
of its properties. The structural formula does not adequately represent the
structure of the compound.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Furan has narcotic and analgesic properties. It is highly toxic if inhaled and is absorbed through the
skin. Symptoms include convulsions followed by paralysis of the respiratory center and asphyxia (ref. 3).
LCLo (inhalation, rat): 84,500 mg/m for 8-48 hours, continuous (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 84,500 x 100 • 8.45 x 106 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 8.45 x 106 = 1.26 x 108 ug/n Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 1.25 x 108 = 2.54 x 107 U9/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-892
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
24A020
FURAN
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /ag/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, fjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Bawd on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Devetaprng Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R8.D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
8.5E6
1.3E8
2.-5E7
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, tig/\
(ppm W1)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Propc-*d Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
1 1 . Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Bated on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-893
-------
CATEGORY: 24A WLN:
BENZOFIIRAN: CaH60 (coumarone, cumarone) 24A040
An oily 1 iquid with an aromatic odor. STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 118.14; mp:<-18; bp:174760;
d:1.091323; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Benzofuran is a constituent of coal tar; it has been isolated from
coal tar oils (ref. 1).
Benzofuran used in the manufacturing of coumarone-indene resins is
derived from the crude heavy solvent naphtha fraction of coal tar light
oil, which is obtained as a byproduct in the coking of bituminous coal
(ref. 1).
Benzofuran has been reported in gasoline exhaust at concentrations from
<0.1 ppm to 2.8 ppm (ref. 4).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Toxicological data for benzofuran are not available at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-894
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
24A040
BENZOFURAN
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effect:
Based on
Btological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M3/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-895
-------
CATEGORY: 24A
MMHYLMNZuFURANS:
Z-METHYLBENZOFURAN:
3-METHYLBENZOFURAN:
5-METHYLBENZOFURAN:
7-METHYLBENZOFURAN:
C9H80 24A060
A liquid. 24A061
A liquid. 24A062
A liquid. 24AQ.63
A liquid. 24A064
VVLN:
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
2-methylbenzofuran:
3-methy1benzofuran:
5-methylbenzofuran:
7-raethy1benzofuran:
mol. wt.
I3TT7
132.17
132.17
132.17
bp.
157.3- [
196-77"
197-9
190-1
d.
solubility
in water
insoluble
1.0540I3 insoluble
1.060319 insoluble
1.049019 Insoluble
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
It is likely that methylbenzofurans are associated with particulate
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ref. 6).
2-methylbenzofuran
o
3-methylbenzofuran
H c
5-methylbenzofuran
7-
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
24A060
METHYLBENZOFURANS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Category
Air, /ig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, MO/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppmWt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal'
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
Air, |zg/m3
(ppm Voll
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M)/g
(ppm Wt)
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-897
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 24A
Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds -
One- and Two-Ring Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds
1. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and
Drugs, Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
2. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
3. Browning, Ethel. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. Elsevier
Publishing Company, London, 1965.
4. Spector, W. S. (Ed.). Handbook of Toxicology, Volume I, W. B. Saunders
Company, Philadelphia and London. Prepared under the direction of the
Committee on the Handbook of Biological Data, Division of Biology and
Agriculture, the National Academy of Sciences, and the National Research
Council. 1956-1959.
5. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Reinhold Company, NY (1977).
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic
Organic Matter (POM). Star Series. Available from Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-600/6-74-001
(1975).
A-898
-------
CATEGORY 24
HETEROCYCLIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 24B - Three or More Ring Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 7
number of parent compounds with subspecies ]
number of subspecies 3
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 5
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 0
A-899
-------
CATEGORY: 24B WIN:
OIBENZOFURAN: C6H4OCsH4 (diphenylene oxide). 24B020
Colorless crystals. STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt:168.21; mp:86-7; bp:287760;
d:1.0886|9; vap.d:5.8; slightly soluble in
water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Dibenzofuran has been reported in samples taken from river
water (ref. 1).
Dibenzofuran is an insecticide (ref. 2).
Threshold odor concentration of dibenzofuran in water at
room temperature is reported as 0.12 ppm (ref. 3).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for dibenzofuran are not available at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-900
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
24B020
DIBENZOFURAN
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, jig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppmWt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
IR&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Bawd on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-901
-------
CATEGORY; 24B WLN:
NAPHTHOFURANS: C,2H80 248040
NAPHTHO(l,2-b)FURAN: A solid. 248041 STRUCTURE;
NAPHTHO(2,l-b)FURAN: A solid. 248042
NAPHTHO(2,3-b)FURAN: A solid. 248043
PROPERTIES:
mol.wt mp.
naphtho(l,2-b)furan: 168.19
naphtho(2,l-b)furan: 168.19 65
naphtho(2,3-b)furan: 168J9 120
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Naphtho(l,2-b)furan and naphtho(2,l-b)furan are present
in coal tar (ref. 4).
Naphtho(2,l-b)furan
Naphtho(2,3-b)furan
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for naphthofurans are not available at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-902
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
24B040
NAPHTHOFURANS
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Category
Air, MQ/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jug/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, ,ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-903
-------
3Y: 24B
HtflZU(b;NACHTHO(2.3-d)FURAN: C16H100
(p-brazan). 24BO&0
A solid.
PROPERTIES!
Molecular wt: 218. 26; rap: 209.
WIN:
STRUCTURE;
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS.-
Benzo(b)naphtho(2,3-d)furan is present In coal tar and is
a degradation product of brazilln. On oxidation it yields the
yellow quinone 2,3-phthaloylbenzofuran (ref. 4).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for benzo(b)naphtho(2,3-d)furan are not available
at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-904
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
24B060
BENZO(b)NAPHTHO(2.3-d)FURAN
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Category
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effect!
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-905
-------
CATEGORY: 248
PHENANTHROQ. 10-b)FURAN: C16H100 248080
A white solid.
WIN;
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 218.26; mp: 118.5-119.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS!
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for phenanthro(9,10-b)furan are not available
at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION!
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-906
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL 24B080
GOALS PHENANTHRO(9r10-b)FURAN
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Category
Air, jug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ig/g
(ppm Wt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
8. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimetet
(R&D Goill)
II. Bated on Ambient Factor!
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Baled on
Health Effects
Baud on
Ecological
Effect!
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Band on
Health Effects
Baled on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, jug/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effect!
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-907
-------
CATEGORY: 24B
1.9-BENZOXANTHENE: Ci6H100 (benzo-k-xanthene). 24B100
A solid possessing strong blue fluorescence.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 218.26; mp: 109; bp: 395758.
WIN:
STRUCTURE:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
1,9-Benzoxanthene occurs in coal tar pitch. The compound has been tested
as a fungicide and found to demonstrate weak activity (ref. 5).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS;
lexicological data for 1,9-benzoxanthene are not available at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-908
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
24B100
1.9-BENZQXANTHENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Category
Air, jug/m^
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppmWt)
I. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Baled on
Health Effects
Sued on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
Air, ;ug/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
I. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-909
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 24B
Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds -
Three or More Ring Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds
1. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA Publication No. 600/4-76-062, December 1976.
2. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
3. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Rheinhold Company, NY (1977).
4. Livingstone, R. Compounds Containing a Five-Membered Ring with One Hetero
Atom of Group VI: Oxygen. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. Second
Edition,.Vol. 4, Part A, S. Coffey, Ed., Elsevier Scientific Publishing
Company, Amsterdam (1973).
5. Coles, G. Annual Reports of the Agricultural Research Station, Bristol, 101-
102 (1956).
A-910
-------
CATEGORY 25
HETEROCYCLIC S COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 25A - One Ring Heterocyclic S Compounds
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 8
number of parent compounds with subspecies 3
number of subspecies 5
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity ,
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory:
A-911
-------
CATEGORY; 25A
THIQPHENE: C4H4S (thiofuran). 25A020
Clear, colorless liquid; disagreeable odor.
T5SJ
STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 84.14; mp: 29.8; bp: 84; d:
vap. press: 40 mm at 12.5°; vap. d: 2.9.
1.06494;
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Thlophene occurs 1n small amounts 1n coal tar. Pyrolysls of thlophene at 800" to 825" gives
methane, hydrogen sulflde, and hydrogen as the only gaseous products. In the presence of
orthophosphorlc add, thlophene polymerizes to give ollgomers (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
No information is available on the possible toxic effects of thlophene.
LCLo (inhalation, mouse): 8,700 ppm (ref. 2).
LDLo (intraperitoneal, mouse): 100 mg/kg (ref. 2).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 100
4.5 x 103 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 4.5 x 103 « 6.75 x 104 vg/i
Land, Health:
0.2 x 6.75 x 105 = 1.35 x 105
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 100 = 11
EPC
8 ug/m
AH3 - 0.081 x 100 =
EPCWH1 = 15 x 8 =• 120
EPCWH2 * 0.4 x 100 = 40 ug/l
EPCLH = 0.2 x 40 =8.0 ug/g
A-912
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
25A020
THJOPHENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
4.5E3
6.75E4
1.35E5
Based on
Ecological
Effect)
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
8
40
8
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m
(pprn Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
8
40
8
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
_
A-913
-------
CATEGORY: 25A WLN: TSSJ B, TSSJ C
METHYLTHIOPHENES: 25A040 STRUCTURE: s
2-METHYLTHIOPHENE, CgHgS. 25A041
3-METHYLTHIOPHENE; CKH,S. 25A042
3 0
Colorless liquids, disagreeable odor. 2-ltethylthlophene
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 98.17; bp: 112, 114738 mm>
3
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS: 3-Methyl thlophene
2-Methylth1ophene and 3-methylth1ophene are found 1n coal tar. Methylthlophene polymerizes at
high temperatures to form ollgomers. Oxidation of alkyl thlophenes gives thlophenecarboxyUc adds
in low yield (ref. 1 ).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
uo information 1s available on the possible toxic effects of methylthlophenes.
LD5Q (Intraperitoneal, mouse): 500 mg/kg for 2-methyltMophene (ref. 2).
L050 (intraperltoneal, mouse): 512 mg/kg for 3-methylthlophene (ref. 2).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 45 x 500 » 2.25 x 104 pg/m^ A1r, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 2.25 x 104 » 3.4 x 105 ug/i Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.4 x 105 « 7.0 x 104 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 500 = 54 ug/m3
EPCftH3 = 0.081 x 500 • 41 pg/m3
EPCWH1 • IS x 41 » 615 vg/i
EPCWH2 " 0'4 x 50° * 20° W9/4
EPCLH - 0.2 x 200 • 40 ug/g
A-914
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
25A040
METHYLTHIOPHENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Bated on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.25E4
3.4E5
7.0E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
41
200
40
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, *jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
41
200
40
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-915
-------
CATEGORY: 25 A
OIHETHYLTHIOPHENES: (CH3)2C4H2S 25A060
2,3-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE: (2,3-thioxene). A liquid. 25A061
2,4-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE: (2,4-thioxene). A liquid. 25A062
2,5-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE: (cr,a-thioxene). A liquid. 25A063
3,4-OIMETHYLTHIOPHENE: (3,4-diMe-thiophene). A liquid. 25A064
PROPERTIES:
2,3-dimethylthiophene:
2,4-dimethylthiophene:
2,5-dimethylthiophene:
3,4-dimethylthiophene:
NATURAL OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS, ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS;
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
mol.wt.
112.21
112.21
112.21
112.21
mp.
-49
-62.6
bp.
141.6'BU
140. 7760
136. 7760
144-6
d.
1.00213"
0.995688
0.98518
i.oosii
solubility
in water
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
2,4 dimethylthiophene
H3C
C3H
2,5 dimethylthiophene
3,4 dimethylthiophene
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
When 2,4-dimethylthiophene is heated to decomposition, toxic sulfur fumes are released (ref. 1).
Toxicological data for dimethylthiophenes are not available at this time. However, toxicological
characteristics are likely to be similar to those of methylthiophene because of the similarity with
regard to structure, and because methylation of thiophene does not appear to increase its toxicity.
LDSO (intraperitoneal, mouse): 500 mg/kg for 2-methylthiophene (ref. 2).
L050 (intraperitoneal, mouse): 512 mg/kg for 3-methylthiophene (ref. 2).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
*MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
45 x 573 = 2.58 x 104 ug/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 2.58 x 104 = 3.87 x 105 ug/1
Land, Health:
0.2 x 3.87 x 105 = 7.74 x 104 ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
'ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 <= 0.107 x 573 * 61.31
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 573 = 46.41 Pg/m
EPC
WH1 = 15 x 46.41 = 696.2 ug/1
EPC
EPC
'WH2
LH
0.4 x 573 = 229.2 ug/1
0.2 x 229.2 = 46 u9/9
A-916
*Based on the LD5Q (intraperitoneal, mouse): 500 mg/kg for 2-methythiophene;
molecular wt ratio = 112'?i (dimethylthiophenes) , l 145
muiev-uiai «t. ratio 98 (methylthiophene) 1-1 '
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
25A060
DIMETHYLTHIOPHENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, /jg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppmWt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standardl
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicitv Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
2.6E4
3.9E5
7.7E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
46
229
46
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, «g/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
46
229
46
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-917
-------
CATEGORY: 25A
TRIHETHVL AND TETRAHETHYL THIOPHENES: 25A080
2,3,5-TRIMETHYLTHIOPHENE:C7H10S.A liquid. 25A081
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 126.22; bp: 164.5760; d: 0.9753|°;
insoluble in water.
yVLNi
STRUCTURE:
V
-£3—,
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
CH
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for trimethyl and tetramethyl thiophenes are not available at this time. However,
lexicological characteristics are likely to be similar to those of methylthiophene because of the
similarity with regard to structure, and because methylation of thiophene does not appear to increase
its toxicity.
L050 (intraperitoneal, mouse): 500 mg/kg for 2-methylthiophene (ref. 2).
LDSO (intraperitoneal, mouse): 512 mg/kg for 3-methylthiophene (ref. 2).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
* MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health: 45 x 644 = 2.90 x 104 ug/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 15 x 2.90 x 104 = 4.35 x 105 ug/1 Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 4.35 x 105 = 8.7 x 104 ug/g Land, Ecology:
* ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = 0.107 x 644 = 68.9 ug/m
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 644 = 52.2 ug/m3
EPCWHJ = 15 x 52.2 = 783 ug/1
= 0.4 x 644 = 257.6 v
= 0.2 x 257.6 = 51.5
EPCWR2 = 0.4 x 644 = 257.6 u9/l
FPf
LH ' ~ "a's fl_01Q
*Based on the LDrQ (intraperitoneal, mouse): 500 mg/kg for 2-methylthiophene;
molecular weight ratio =
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
25A080
TRIMETHYL & TETRAMETHYL THIOPHENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air. jig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jjg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent T
Based on
Health Effects
2.9E4
3.4E5
8.7E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal* 4-
Based on
Health Effects
52
258
252
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
*To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, yug/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated ,
Permissible Concentration ~
A Based on
Health Effects
52
258
52
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
Based on data for 2-methylthiophene.
A-919
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 25A
Heterocyclic S Compounds - One Ring Heterocyclic S Compounds
1. Livingstone, R. Compounds with Five-Membered Rings Having One Hetero
Atom from Group VI: Sulphur and Its Analogues. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon
Compounds, Second Edition, Vol. 4, Part A, S. Coffey, Ed., Elsevier Scientific
>li« = •""-"
Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1973
2. Christensen, H. E., and E. J. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chem-
ical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville,
MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publi-
cation No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
A-920
-------
CATEGORY 25
HETEROCYCLIC S COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 25B - Two or More Ring Heterocyclic S Compounds
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 5
number of parent compounds with subspecies ]
number of subspecies 3
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 3
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 0
A-921
-------
CATEGORY; 258 WLN:
2..2'-BITHIOPHENE: C8H6S2 (2,2 '-bithienyl). 25B020
A solid or liquid. STRUCTURE:
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt: 166.27; mp: 33; bp: 260760; insoluble
in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
2,2'-Bithiophene has been isolated from togetes roots (ref. 1.).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
2,2'-Bithiophene is reported to be an active nematocide, fungicide, and weed
killer (ref. 1). The median lethal dose (M.L.O.) for Heterodura rostochiensi's is
reported as 100 ppm (ref. 1).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS;
A-922
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
25B020
2,2'-BITHIOPHENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Category
Air, /ug/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, ng/l
Ippm Wt)
Land, ^g/g
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
Air, jjg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt)
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B, Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
-
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-923
-------
CATEGORY: 25B WIN: T56 BSJ
BENZO(b)THIOPHENE: CgHgS (benzothiofuran, STRUCTURE:
2,3 -benzothlophene, thionaphthene). 25B040
Colorless liquid; naphthalene-like odor.
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt: 134.20; mp: 32; bp: 221-2;
volatile in steam; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Benzo(b)thiophene is present in lignite tar.
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
No information is available on the possible toxic effects of benzo(b)thiophene.
LDLo (intraperitoneal, mouse): 512 mg/kg (ref. 4).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
Air, Health:
Water, Health:
45 x 512 =• 2.3 x 104 ug/m3
15 x 2.3 x 104 = 3.5 x 105
Land, Health: 0.2 x 3.5 x 103 = 7.0 x
A1r, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH2 = OJ07 x 512
55
EPC
AH3
0.081 x 512 = 41 pg/m
EPCWH1 - 15 x 41 » 615 pg/4
EPC
WH2
x 512 = 205
EPCLH = 0.2 x 205 = 40 pg/g
A-924
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
25B040
BENZO(b)THIOPHENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, iig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land. Mg/g
Ippm Wt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standardi
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimate!
(R&D Goal))
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicily Effluent
Bated on
Health Effects
2.3E4
3.5E5
7.0E4
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
41
205
40
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, pg/m3
(pprn Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
1
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
41
205
40
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-925
-------
WLN:
STRUCTURE!
CATEGORY: 25B
OIBENZOTHIOPHENE: CijHgS. 25B060
(diphenylene sulfide).
A solid.
PROPERTIES;
Molecular wt: 184.27; mp: 99-100; bp: 332-3;
Soluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Dibenzothiophene has been reported in samples taken from river water (ref. 2).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for dibenzothiophene are not available at this
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS;
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-926
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
25B060
DIBENZOTH1OPHENE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, A9/m3
{ppm Vol)
Water, pq/\
(ppm Wt)
Land, /jg/g
(ppm Wt}
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, fig/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /jg/t
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A Based on
Health Effects
*
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-927
-------
CATEGORY! 25B
BkNZUNAPHrHATHIOPHENES: C16H10S 25B080
BENZO(b)NAPHTHO(2,3-d)THIOPHENE: 25B081
BENZO(b)NAPHTHO(l,2-d)THIOPHENE: A solid. 258082
BENZO(b)NAPHTHO(2,l-d)THIOPHENE: A solid. 25B083
PROPERTIES: mol.wt. mp.
benzo(b)naphtho(2,3-d)thiophene: 234.32ISO
benzo(b)naphtho(l,2-d)thiophene: 234.32 135-6
benzo(b)naphtho(2,l-d)thiophene: 234.32 185-6
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
Benzo(b)napthg(2,3-d)thiophene
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Benzonaphthathiophenes are found to occur in coal tar (ref. 3).
8enzo(b)naphtho(l ,2-d)thiophene
Benzo(b)naphtho(2,1-d)thiophene
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
lexicological data for benzonaphthothiophenes are not available at this time.
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
A-928
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
25B080
BENZONAPHTHOTHIOPHENES
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air,«j/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, /ig/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, ng/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Bast Technology
A. Existing SUndardi
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Bated on
Health Effects
Bated on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, ngtm3
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, pg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-929
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 25B
Heterocyclic S Compounds -
Two or More Ring Heterocyclic S Compounds
1. Whlenbrock, J. Rendeous Transaction Chimie, 78: 382-390 (1954).
2. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds Identified
in Water. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/4-76-062, Dec. 1976.
3. Kruber, R. Chemische Berichte, Vol. 73, p. 1184 (1940).
4. Christensen, H. E., and E. 0. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville,
MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
NO. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
A-930
-------
CATEGORY 26
ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 26A - Aliphatic Organophosphorous Compounds
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory ]
number of parent compounds with subspecies Q
number of subspecies 0
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only g
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity 0
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 0
A-931
-------
CATEGORY: 26A WLN:
TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE: C6H1504P. 26A02Q. STRUCTURE:
(Ethyl phosphate) 0
Liquid. H5C20—P—OC2H5
PROPERTIES: OCgHg
Molecular wt.: 182.16; bp: 215-216; mp: -56.5°C; d: 1.067-1.072201
vap. d: 6.28; vap. press: 1 urn at 39.6°C; insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Used as an ethylatlng agent in the formation of polyesters which are used in Insecticides (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
Tn'ethyl phosphate causes choline esterase inhibition and may be expected to cause nerve Injury similar
to that of other phosphate esters {ref. 2). It is an anesthetic, producing muscle relaxation in high
dosages (ref. 3). Slight irritant properties to guinea pigs are reported (ref. 3).
LD53 (Oral, rat): >0.8 g/kg (ref. 3).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:45 x 800 •3.6 x 104 wg/m3 Air, Ecology:
Water, Health: 14 x 3.6 x 1Q4 = 5.4 x 105 vg/l Water, Ecology:
Land, Health: 0.2 x 5.4 x 105 » 1.08 x 105 ug/g Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCftH2 = 0.107 x 800 - 84.6
EPCAH3 = 0.081 x 800 = 64.8 ug/m3
EPCWH1 » 15 x 64.8 « 972 yg/1
EPCWH2 • 0.4 x 800 • 320 ug/1
EPCIU • 0.2 x 320 « 64 ug/g
Ln
A-932
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
26A020
TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ^g/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, jug/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, (jg/9
(ppm Wt)
1 . Based on Best Technology
A Existing Standards
IMSPS. BIT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.6E4
5.4E5
1.08E5
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Level Goaf*
Based on
Health Effects
64.8
320
64
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
. . 3
Air, ng/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jjg/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
64.8
320
64
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-933
-------
REFERENCES: CATEGORY 26A
Organophosphorous Compounds - Aliphatic Organophosphorous Compounds
1. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and
Drugs, Ninth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
2. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth Edition,
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
3. Fasset, D. W. Esters, Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Second Revised
Edition. Vol. 2. F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers, New York,
p. 1847-1933 (1962).
A-934
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CATEGORY 26
ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUNDS
SUBCATEGORY: 26B - Aromatic Organophosphorous Compounds
Summary of Subcategory
Total number of compounds in subcategory 4
number of parent compounds with subspecies ]
number of subspecies 3
Number of parent compounds with no MEG values 0
Number of parent compounds with natural background levels only 0
Number of parent compounds with Ambient Level Goals based
on evidence of carcinogenicity or teratogenicity
Consent Decree compounds included in subcategory: 0
A-935
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WLN:
STRUCTURE:
CATEGORY; 268
TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE: C18H1504P. 26B020
Colorless, odorless, crystalline solid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt.: 326.28; bp: 245°; mp: 48.5°; d: 1.268; vp: <0.1 mm at 30°C.
Insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Noncombustible substitute for camphor in celluloid. The compound is also used as a plasticizer in
lacquer and varnishes (ref. 1), a gasoline additive, flotation agent, antioxidant and surfactant (ref. 2).
TOXIC PROPERTIES, HEALTH EFFECTS:
Triphenyl phosphate is slowly absorbed, and acute toxicity is low (refs. 3,4). There was no evidence of
adverse clinical effects in men exposed for as long as ten years to triphenyl phosphate vapor, mist, and
dust at a weighted average concentration of 3.5 mg/m (ref. 3).
LDL(J: 3,000 mg/m3 (ref. 5).
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION;
TLV 3 mg/m3
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health: 103 x 3 = 3.0 x 103 yg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 3.0 x 103 = 4.5 x 104 ug/l
Land, Health: 0.2 x 4.5 x 104 = 9.0 x 103ug/g
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology:
Land, Ecology:
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCAH1 * 10J x 3/420 =7.14
EPCWR1 = 15 x 7.14 = 107.14 ug/l
EPCyH2 = 13.8 x 3 = 41.4 jjg/1
EPCLH = 0.2 x 41.4 - 8.3 ug/g
A-936
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MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
26B020
TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Air, ftg/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, fig/1
(ppm Wt)
Land, M9/9
(ppm Wt)
1. Based on Bast Technology
A. Existing Standard!
NSPS. BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Eitimatet
(R&D Gods)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A. Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
3.0E3
4.5E4
9.0E3 -
Based on
Ecological
Effects
B. Ambient Lewi Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
7.14
41.4
- 8.3
Based on
Ecological
Effects
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background"
•To be multiplied by dilution factor
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
Air, M9/m3
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, /ag/g
(ppm Wt)
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
7.14
41.4
8.3
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-937
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CATEGORY: 26B
TRITOLYL PHOSPHATE: C.-H-.O.P. (tri-cresol phosphate) 26B040
...... ,„ <: (\rf,0_cresyl.phosphate, triorthocresol
WLN:
STRUCTURE:
TRI-o-TOLYU PHOSPHATE:
phosphate) 26B041
TRI-m-TOLYL PHOSPHATE: 26B042
TRI-p-TOLYL PHOSPHATE: 26B043
Oily, flame-resistant liquid.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular wt.: 368.36; bp: 265°.
Insoluble in water.
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. CHARACTERISTICS. ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS:
Used as a plasticizer in vinyl plastic manufacture, as a flame-retardant, as a solvent for nitro cellulose,
and as an additive in gasoline and extreme pressure lubricants (ref. 1).
TOXIC PROPERTIES. HEALTH EFFECTS:
The ortho isomer is highly toxic (ref. 3). It probably inhibits pseudochollne esterase and thereby
affects the central nervous system to cause paralysis (refs. 4,6). The lowest lethal dose for the ortho
isomer has been reported to be 1,000 mg/kg for humans when ingested orally (ref. 5).
Tritolyl phosphate: LDLQ (oral, rat): 4,680 mg/kg (ref. 5).
Tri-o-tolyl phosphate: LD,-0 (oral, rat): 3 g/kg (ref. 4).
Tri-p-tolyl phosphate: lDcn (oral, rat): 12.8 g/kg (ref. 4).
Aquatic toxicity (tritolyl phosphate): TLmg6: 10-1 ppm (ref. 5)
REGULATORY ACTIONS. STANDARDS. CRITERIA. RECOGNITION. CANDIDATE STATUS FOR SPECIFIC REGULATION:
TLV: 0.1 mg/m for the ortho-isomer.
MINIMUM ACUTE TOXICITY CONCENTRATIONS:
Air, Health:
103 x 0.1 = 1.0 x 102 yg/m3
Water, Health: 15 x 1.0 x 10
Land, Health:
= 1.5 x 10 p
0.2 x 1.5 x 103 = 3.0 x 102
Air, Ecology:
Water, Ecology: 100 x 1 = 100 ug/1
Land, Ecology: 0.2 x 100 » 20 yg/g
ESTIMATED PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS:
EPCftH1 - 103 x 0.1/420 =0.24 wg/m3
EPCWH1 = 15 x 0.24 ='3.57 ug/£
EPCW
H2
EPC,
LH
= 13.8 x 0.1 = 1.38 ug/s,
= 0.2 x 1.38 * 0.28 pg/g
EPCWE1
EPCLE
50 x 1 = 50 ug/1
0.2 x 50 = 10 yg/g
A-938
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOALS
x
26B040
TRITOLYL PHOSPHATE
EMISSION LEVEL GOALS
Category
Air, /jg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, M9/I
(ppm Wt)
Land, fig/g
(ppmWt)
1. Based on Best Technology
A. Existing Standards
NSPS, BPT, BAT
B. Developing Technology
Engineering Estimates
(R&D Goals)
II. Based on Ambient Factors
A Minimum Acute
Toxicity Effluent
Based on
Health Effects
1.0E2.
1.5E3
3.0E2
Based on
Ecological
Effects
100
20
B. Ambient Level Goal*
Based on
Health Effects
0.24
1.38
0.28
Based on
Ecological
Effects
50
10
C. Elimination of
Discharge
Natural Background*
"To be multiplied by dilution factor
Air, Mg/m
(ppm Vol)
Water, pg/l
(ppm Wt)
Land, jig/g
(ppm Wt)
AMBIENT LEVEL GOALS
1. Current or Proposed Ambient
Standards or Criteria
A. Based on
Health Effects
B. Based on
Ecological Effects
II. Toxicity Based Estimated
Permissible Concentration
A. Based on
Health Effects
0.24
1.38
0.28
8. Based on
Ecological Effects
50
10
III. Zero Threshold Pollutants
Estimated Permissible Concentration
Based on Health Effects
A-939
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REFERENCES: CATEGORY 26B
Organophosphorous Compounds - Aromatic Organophosphorous compounds
1. Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and
Drugs, Ninth Edition. Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ (1976).
2. Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Reinhold Company, NY (1977).
3. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of
the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air with Supplements,
Third Edition. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Cincinnati, OH (1974).
4. Fasset, D. W. Esters. Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Second Revised'
Edition, Vol. 2, F. A. Patty, Ed., Interscience Publishers, New York,
pp. 1847-1933 T1963).
5. Christensen, H. E., and E. 0. Fairchild. Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances: 1976 Edition. Prepared by Tracer Jitco Inc., Rockville,
MD for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HEW Publication
. No. (NIOSH) 76-191 (1976).
6. Sax, N. I., Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fourth
Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1975).
A-940
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-176b
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Multimedia Environmental Goals for
Environmental Assessment; Volume IV. MEG Charts
and Background Information Summaries (Categories
13-26)
5. REPORT DATE
August 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
G.L.Kingsbury, R.C.Sims, and J. B.White
RTI/1603/23-01F
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
P. O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
INE825
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2612 (W.A. 72) and
68-02-3132
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 5/78 - 6/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is T.
541-2851. EPA-600/7-77-136a and -b are Volumes I
Kelly Janes, Mail Drop 61, 919/
and H.
16. ABSTRACT Tnese volumes provide charts and background information summaries for
MEG Categories 1-12 and 13-26. They address 586 organic compounds. In the context
of deriving MEGs, the volumes: (1) offer perspective on the broad range of contami-
nants whose control is of vital interest to both industry and the public; (2) further
develop and define indicators designating contaminants to be given priority consider-
ation for immediate control and for subsequent research; (3) bring together existing
and emerging data in a format efficient for use in environmental assessment; and (4)
explore some basic methodologies which both provide the present goals, and suggest
directions for refined methodologies. MEGs (multimedia environmental goals) are
levels of significant contaminants or degradents (in ambient air, water, or land or in
emissions of effluents conveyed to the ambient media) that are judged to be (1) appro-
priate for preventing certain negative effects in the surrounding populations -or eco-
systems, or (2) representative of the control limits achievable through technology.
MEGs are predicted for more than 650 pollutants.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Assessments
Contaminants
Research
Organic Compounds
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
MEGs
Environmental Assess-
ment
Prioritizing
13 B
14 B
07C
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
494
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page J
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
A-941
*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1979-640-013' 3935 REGION NO. 4
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