600786009B
E
February 1988
United States EPfi-6OO/ 7 56-vO9o
Environmental Protection
&EPA Research and
Development
DALLAS, TEXAS
PRA°s°N
EVALUATION OF
CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR
HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
Volume 2. Appendices
Prepared for
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Prepared by
Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
-------
RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development*
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series. Reports in this series result from the
effort funded under the 17-agency Federal Energy/Environment Research and
Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's mission to protect the public
health and welfare from adverse effects of pollutants associated with energy sys-
tems. The goal of the Program is to assure the rapid development of domestic
energy supplies in an environmentally-compatible manner by providing the nec-
essary environmental data and control technology, fnvestigations include analy-
ses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health and ecological
effects: assessments of, and development of, control technologies for energy
systems: and integrated assessments of a wide range of energy-related environ-
mental issues.
EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the participating Federal Agencies, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the Government, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
-------
-Pfl-600/7-S6-003 o
Feoruary 13SS
EVALUATION OF CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
Volume £. fipper-d ices
by
Robert Y. Purcel1
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc.
1905 Chapel Hill Road
Durham, North Carolina 27707
and
Gunseli Sagun Shareef
Radian Corporation
3200 Progress Center
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
EPA Contract No. 68-02-3981
Project Officer:
Bruce Tichenor
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared for:
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
-------
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this manual is to help EPA regional, State, and
local air pollution control agency technical personnel to select,
evaluate, and cost air pollution control techniques for reducing or
eliminating the emission of potentially hazardous air pollutants (HAP's)
from industrial/commercial sources. The information provided by this
manual will be useful for reviewing permit applications or for informing
interested parties as to the type, basic design, and cost of available
HAP control systems.
Since the definition of a HAP is very broad and, thus, encompasses
potentially thousands of specific compounds, it is not possible for
this handbook to develop an all-inclusive list of HAP compounds and
compound-specific control techniques. However, the number of generic
air pollution control techniques available is small, and the factors
affecting the cost and performance of these controls as applied to many
noncriteria pollutants have been identified and discussed in the literature.
Therefore, the main focus of this manual is to provide sufficient
guidance to select the appropriate air pollution control system(s) for
an emission stream/source containing HAP's.
The manual will help the user perform three distinct functions:
(1) to select the appropriate control technique(s) that can be applied
to each HAP emission stream generated at a specific facility, (2) to
determine the basic design parameters of the selected ai>* pollution
control device(s) and accompanying auxiliary equipment, and (3) to
estimate order-of-magnitude control system capital and annual ized
costs.
111
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Abstract . . . iii
List of Figures xiv
List of Tables xvii
Nomenclature xx
Conversions From English To Metric Units xxviii
Acknowledgments xxix
Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1
1.1 Objective 1-1
1.2 How to Use the Manual 1-3
Chapter 2: HAP Emissions and Their Key Physical Properties ... 2-1
2.1 Identification of Potential HAP's and Emission
Sources 2-4
2.1.1 Solvent Usage Operations 2-5
2.1.2 Metallurgical Industries 2-6
2.1.3 Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Industry (SOCMI) . . 2-8
2.1.4 Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing Industry . 2-11
2.1.5 Chemical Products Industry 2-11
2.1.6 Mineral Products Industry 2-12
2.1.7 Wood Products Industry 2-12
2.1.8 Petroleum Related Industries 2-12
2.1.9 Combustion Sources 2-14
2.1.10 References for Section 2.1 2-43
2.2 Identification of Key Emission Stream Properties. . 2-49
Chapter 3: Control Device Selection 3-1
3.1 Vapor Emissions Control 3-2
3.1.1 Control Techniques for Organic Vapor
Emissions from Point Sources 3-2
3.1.1.1 Thermal Incinerators 3-8
3.1.1.2 Catalytic Incinerators 3-9
3.1.1.3 Flares . . 3-10
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
3.1.1.4 Boilers/Process Heaters ...... 3-10
3.1.1.5 Carbon Adsorbers 3-11
3.1.1.6 Absorbers (Scrubbers) 3-12
3.1.1.7 Condensers 3-14
3.1.2 Control Techniques for Inorganic Vapor
Emissions from Point Sources 3-15
3.1.2.1 Absorbers (Scrubbers) 3-16
3.1.2.2 Adsorbers 3-18
3.1.3 Control Techniques for Organic/Inorganic
Vapor Emissions f^om Process Fugitive
Sources 3-19
3.1.4 Control Techniques for Organic/Inorganic
Vapor Emissions from Area Fugitive
Sources 3-22
3.1.5 Control Device Selection for a Hypothetical
Facility 3-26
3.1.6 References for Section 3.1 3-35
3.2 Particulate Emissions Control 3-36
3.2.1 Control Techniques for Particulate Emissions
from Point Sources 3-36
3.2.1.1 Fabric Filters 3-38
3.2.1.2 Electrostatic Precipitators .... 3-40
3.2.1.3 Venturi Scrubbers 3-41
3.2.2 Control Techniques for Particulate Emissions
from Fugitive Sources 3-44
3.2.2.1 Process Fugitive Particulate
Emission Control 3-45
3.2.2.2 Area Fugitive Emission Control from
Transfer and Conveying 3-46
3.2.2.3 Area Fugitive Emission Control from
Loading and Unloading 3-48
3.2.2.4 Area Fugitive Emission Control from
Paved and Unpaved Roads 3-52
3.2.2.5 Area Fugitive Emission Control from
Storage Piles 3-55
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Pace
3.2.2.6 Area Fugitive Emission Control from
Waste Disposal Sites 3-57
3.2.3 References for Section 3.2 3-59
Chapter 4: HAP Control Techniques . 4-1
4.1 Thermal Incineration 4.1-1
4.1.1 Data Required 4.1-3
4.1.2 Pretreatment of the Emission Stream:
Dilution Air Requirements 4.1-4
4.1.3 Thermal Incinerator System Design Variables. 4.1-5
4.1.4 Determination of Incinerator Operating
Variables 4.1-7
4.1.4.1 Supplementary Heat Requirements . . 4.1-7
4.1.4.2 Flue Gas Flow Rate 4.1-11
4.1.5 Combustion Chamber Volume 4.1-13
4.1.6 Heat Exchanger Size 4.1-14
4.1.7 Evaluation of Permit Application 4.1-17
4.1.8 References for Section 4.1 4.1-20
4.2 Catalytic Incineration 4.2-1
4.2.1 Data Required 4.2-3
4.2.2 Pretreatment of the Emission Stream:
Dilution Air Requirements 4.2-5
4.2.3 Catalytic Incinerator System Design
Variables 4.2-6
4.2.4 Determination of Incinerator System
Variables 4.2-8
4.2.4.1 Supplementary Heat Requirements . . 4.2-8
4.2.4.2 Flow Rate of Combined Gas Stream
Entering the Catalyst Bed 4.2-13
4.2.4.3 Flow Rate of Flue Gas Leaving the
Catalyst Bed 4.2-15
4.2.5 Catalyst Bed Requirement 4.2-16
vii
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Page
4.2.6 Heat Exchanger Size (for Systems with
Recuperative Heat Exchange Only) 4.2-17
4.2.7 Evaluation of Permit Application 4.2-20
4.2.8 References for Section 4.2 4.2-22
4.3 Flares 4.3-1
4.3.1 Data Required 4.3-3
4.3.2 Determination of Flare Operating Variables . 4.3-4
4.3.2.1 Supplementary Fuel Requirements . . 4.3-5
4.3.2.2 Flare Gas Flow Rate and Heat
Content 4.3-6
4.3.2.3 Flare Gas Exit Velocity 4.3-6
4.3.2.4 Steam Requirements 4.3-9
4.3.3 Evaluation of Permit Application 4.3-10
4.3.4 References for Section 4.3 4.3-12
4.4 Boilers/Process Heaters 4.4-1
4.5 Carbon Adsorption 4.5-1
4.5.1 Data Required 4.5-4
4.5.2 Pretreatment of the Emission Stream 4.5-6
4.5.2.1 Cooling 4.5-6
4.5.2.2 Dehumidification 4.5-6
4.5.2.3 High VOC Concentrations 4.5-7
4.5.3 Carbon Adsorption System Design Variables. . 4.5-7
4.5.4 Determination of Carbon Adsorber System
Variables 4.5-9
4.5.4.1 Carbon Requirements 4.5-9
4.5.4.2 Carbon Adsorber Size 4.5-12
4.5.4.3 Steam Required for Regeneration . . 4.5-14
4.5.4.4 Condenser ' 4.5-17
4.5.4.5 Recovered Product 4.5-19
4.5.5 Evaluation of Permit Application 4.5-20
4.5.6 References for Section 4.5. 4.5-22
vm
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
4.6 Absorption 4.6-1
4.6.1 Data Required 4.6-4
4.6.2 Absorption System Design Variables 4.6-5
4.6.3 Determination of Absorber System Design and
Operating Variables 4.6-6
4.6.3.1 Solvent Flow Rate 4.6-6
4.6.2.2 Column Diameter 4.6-8
. 4.6.3.3 Column Height 4.6-12
4.6.3.4 Pressure Drop Through the Column. . 4.6-17
4.6.4 Evaluation of Permit Application 4.6-18
4.6.5 References for Section 4.6 4.6-21
4.7 Condensation 4.7-1
4.7.1 Data Required 4.7-3
4.7.2 Pretreatment of the Emission Stream .... 4.7-4
4.7.3 Condenser System Design Variables 4.7-5
4.7.4 Determining Condenser System Variables . . . 4.7-5
4.7.4.1 Estimating Condensation
Temperature 4.7-8
4.7.4.2 Selecting the Coolant 4.7-9
4.7.4.3 Condenser Heat Load ........ 4.7-9
4.7.4.4 Condenser Size 4.7-13
4.7.4.5 Coolant Flow Rate 4.7-14
4.7.4.6 Refrigeration Capacity 4.7-15
4.7.4.7 Recovered Product 4.7-15
4.7.5 Evaluation of Permit Application 4.7-16
4.7.6 References for Section 4.7 4.7-18
4.8 Fabric Filters . . . 4.8-1
4.8.1 Data Required 4.8-2
4.8.2 Pretreatment of the Emission Stream 4.8-3
4.8.3 Fabric Filter System Design Variables, . . . 4.8-3
4.8.3.1 Fabric Type 4.8-4
IX
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Page
4.8.3.2 Cleaning Method 4.8-5
4.8.3.3 Air-to-cloth Ratio 4.8-11
4.8.3.4 Baghouse Configuration 4.8-14
4.8.3.5 Materials of Construction 4.8-16
4.8.4 Evaluation of Permit Application 4.8-17
4.8.5 Determination of Baghouse Operating
Parameters 4.8-18
4.8.5.1 Collection Efficiency 4.8-19
4.8.5.2 System Pressure Drop 4.8-19
4.8.6 References for Section 4.8 4.8-20
4.9 Electrostatic Precipitators 4.9-1
4.9.1 Data Required 4.9-2
4.9.2 Pretreatment of the Emission Stream 4.9-3
4.9.3 ESP Design Variables 4.9-3
4.9.3.1 Collection Plate Area 4.9-3
4.9.3.2 Materials of Construction 4.9-6
4.9.4 Evaluation of Permit Application 4.9-6
4.9.5 Determination of ESP Operating Parameters. . 4.9-7
4.9.5.1 Electric Field Strength 4.9-7
4.9.5.2 Cleaning Frequency and Intensity. . 4.9-8
4.9.5.3 ESP Collection Efficiency 4.9-8
4.9.6 References for Section 4.9 4.9-9
4.10 Venturi Scrubbers 4.10-1
4.10.1 Data Required 4.10-2
4.10.2 Pretreatment of the Emission Stream. .... 4.10-3
4.10.3 Venturi Scrubber Design Variables 4.10-3
4.10.3.1 Venturi Scrubber Pressure Drop . . 4.10-4
4.10.3.2 Materials of Construction .... 4.10-4
4.10.4 Sizing of Venturi Scrubbers 4.10-8
4.10.5 Evaluation of Permit Application 4.10-12
4.10.6 References for Section 4.10 4.10-13
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Page
Chapter 5: Cost Estimation Procedure 5-1
5.1 Total Capital Cost 5-1
5.1.1 Estimation of Major Equipment Purchase Cost 5-2
5.1.2 Estimation of Auxiliary Equipment
Purchase Cost 5-5
5.1.2.1 Ductwork Purchase Cost 5-5
5.1.2.2 Fan Purchase Cost 5-7
5.1.2.3 Stack Purchase Cost 5-8
5.1.3 Estimation of Total Purchased Equipment
Cost 5-9
5.1.4 Estimation of Instrumentation and Controls
Plus Freight and Taxes 5-10
5.1.5 Estimation of Total Purchased Cost .... 5-10
5.1.6 Calculation of Total Capital Costs .... 5-11
5.2 Annual ized Operating Costs 5-12
5.2.1 Direct Operating Costs 5-13
5.2.1.1 Determine Utility Requirements . . 5-13
5.2.1.2 Determine Remaining Direct
Operating Costs 5-15
5.2.2 Indirect Operating Costs 5-16
5.2.3 Credits 5-17
5.2.4 Net Annualized Costs 5-18
5.3 References for Chapter 5 5-62
XI
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Appendices
A.l' New York State Air Guide-1 A.l-1
A.2 Chemical Hazard Information Profiles A.2-1
A. 3 Common Synonyms for Potential HAP's A. 3-1
A.4 Potential HAP's for Solvent Usage Operations A.4-1
A.5 Additional Information for the SOCMI Source Category . . . A.5-1
A.6 Additional Information on Petroleum Related Industries . . A.6-1
A.7 Additional Information on Controls for Process Fugitive
Emissions A.7-1
A.8 Control Techniques for Industrial Process Fugitive
Particulate Emissions (IPFPE) A.8-1
A.9 List of Chemical Oust Suppressants A.9-1
B.I Unit Conversion Factors B.l-1
B.2 Procedures for Calculating Gas Stream Parameters B.2-1
B.3 Dilution Air Requirements B.3-1
B.4 Thermal Incinerator Calculations B.4-1
B.5 Heat Exchange Design B.5-1
B.6 Catalytic Incinerator Calculations B.6-1
8.7 Flare Calculations B.7-1
B.8 Carbon Adsorption Data B.8.1
B.9 Absorption Calcualtions B.9-1
B.10 Condenser System Calculations B.10-1
B.ll Gas Stream Conditioning Equipment B.ll-1
C.I HAP Emission Stream Data Form C.l-1
C.2 Calculation Sheet for Dilution Air Requirements C.2-1
C.3 Calculation Sheet for Thermal Incineration C.3.1
C.4 Calculation Sheet for Catalytic Incineration C.4-1
C.5 Calculation Sheet for Flares C.5.1
C.6 Calculation Sheet for Carbon Adsorption C.6.1
C.7 Calculation Sheet for Absorption C.7-1
xii
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(concluded)
Appendices
C.8 Calculation Sheet for Condensation C.8.1
C.9 Calculation Sheet for Fabric Filters C.9-1
C.10 Calculation Sheet for Electrostatic Precipitators C.10-1
C.ll Calculation Sheet for Venturi Scrubbers C.ll-1
C.12 Capital and Annualized Cost Calculation Worksheet C.12-1
xn
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1-1 Steps used when responding to inquiries 1-4
1-2 Steps used when reviewing permits 1-5
2-1 An example of a partially completed "HAP emission
data form" for one of six HAP emission streams (#1)
generated at a fictitious company 2-7
2-2 Potential emission points for a vacuum
distillation column using steam jet ejectors
with barometric condenser 2-10
3-1 Percent reduction ranges for add-on control
devices 3-4
3-2 Effluent characteristics for emission stream #1 3-28
3-3 Effluent characteristics for emission stream #2 3-29
3-4 Effluent characteristics for emission stream #3 3-30
3-5 Effluent characteristics for emission stream #4 3-31
3-6 Effluent characteristics for emission stream #5 3-33
3-7 Effluent characteristics for emission stream #6 3-34
3-8 Effluent characteristics for a municipal incinerator
emission stream 3-43
4.1-1 Schematic diagram of a thermal incinerator system .... 4.1-2
4.1-2 Supplementary heat requirement vs. emission
stream heat content (dilute stream/no combustion
air) 4.1-9
4.1-3 Supplementary heat requirement vs. emission
stream heat content (no oxygen in emission
stream/maximum combustion air 4.1-12
4.1-4 Heat exchanger size vs. emission stream flow
rate (dilute stream/no combustion air) 4.1-16
4.1-5 Heat exchanger size vs. emission stream heat
content (no oxygen in emission stream/maximum
combustion air) ." 4.1-18
4.2-1 Schematic diagram of a catalytic incinerator
system 4.2-2
4.2-2 Supplementary heat requirement vs. emission
Stream heat content (dilute stream/no combustion air) . . 4.2-11
xiv
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
(continued)
Figure Page
4.2-3 Supplementary heat requirement vs. emission
stream heat content (no oxygen in emission
stream/maximum combustion air) 4.2-14
4.2-4 Heat exchanger size vs. emission stream heat content . . 4.2-18
4.3-1 A Typical steam-assisted flare system 4.3-2
4.5-1 Adsorption isotherms for toluene/activated carbon
system 4.5-2
4.5-2 A typical fixed-bed carbon adsorption system 4.5-3
4.5-3 Carbon requirement vs. HAP Inlet Concentration 4.5-11
4.5-4 Steam requirement vs. carbon requirement 4.5-16
4.6-1 A typical countercurrent packed column absorber system . 4.6-3
4.6-2 Correlation for flooding rate in randomly-packed
towers 4.6-9
4.6-3 NQQ for absorption columns with constant
absorption factor AF 4.6-13
4.7-1 Flow diagram for a typical condensation system
with refrigeration 4.7-2
4.7-2 Vapor pressure-temperature relationship 4.7-6
4.10-1 Venturi scrubber collection efficiencies 4.10-5
4.10-2 Psychrometric chart, temp, range 0-500°F, 29.92
in, Hg pressure. ....... 4.10-11
5-1 Prices for thermal incinerators, including fan and
motor, and instrumentation and control costs 5-19
5-2 Prices for thermal oxidation recuperature heat
exchangers 5-20
5-3 Prices for catalytic incinerators, less catalyst .... 5-21
5-4 Prices for carbon adsorber packages. Price includes
carbon, beds, fan and motor, and instrumentation
and controls 5-22
5-5 Prices for custom carbon adsorbers, less carbon. Price
includes beds, instrumentation and controls, and
a steam regenerator » 5-23
5-6 Prices for absorber columns, including manholes, skirts,
and painting 5-24
xv
-------
Figure
LIST OF FIGURES
(cone!uded)
5-7 Prices for adsorber platforms and ladders 5-25
5-8 Total capital costs for cold water condenser
systems 5-26
5-9 Additional capital cost for refrigerant
condenser systems 5-27
5-10 Prices for negative pressure, insulated fabric filter
systems, less bags 5-28
5-11 Prices for insulated electrostatic precipitators .... 5-29
5-12 Prices for venturi scrubbers, including scrubber, elbows,
separator, pumps, and instrumentation and controls.
Price based on 1/8" carbon steel 5-30
5-13 Required steel thicknesses for venturi scrubbers 5-31
5-14 Price adjustment factors for venturi scrubbers.
For use with Figure 5-12 5-32
5-15 Carbon steel straight duct fabrication price, at
various thicknesses 5-33
5-16 Stainless steel straight duct fabrication price,
at various thicknesses 5-34
5-17 Fan prices 5-35
5-18 Carbon steel stack fabrication price for 1/4"
plate 5-36
5-19 Carbon steel stack fabrication price for 5/16"
and 3/8" plate 5-37
5-20 Completed cost calculation worksheets for the thermal
incinerator example case 5-51
xvi
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table
2-1 Source Category Classifications and Information
Locations 2-2
2-2 Potential HAP's for Solvent Usage Operations 2-15
2-3 Emission Sources for Solvent Usage Operations 2-16
2-4 Potential HAP's for Metallurgical Industries 2-17
2-5 Emission Sources for Metallurgical Industries 2-19
2-6 Emission Sources for the SOCMI 2-20
2-7 Potential HAP's for Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
Industry 2-21
2-8 Emission Sources for Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
Industry 2-25
2-9 Potential HAP's for the Chemical Products Industry . . 2-29
2-10 Emission Sources for the Chemical Products Industry. . 2-31
2-11 Potential HAP's for the Mineral Products Industry. . . 2-32
2-12 Emission Sources for the Mineral Products Industry . . 2-34
2-13 Potential HAP's for the Wood Products Industry .... 2-35
2-14 Emission Sources for the Wood Products Industry. . . . 2-36
2-15 Potential HAP's for Petroleum Related Industries . . . 2-37
2-16 Potential HAP's for Petroleum Refining Industries. . . 2-38
2-17 Emission Sources for Petroleum Related Industries. . . 2-40
2-18 Potential HAP's for Combustion Sources 2-41
2-19 Emission Sources for Combustion Sources 2-42
2-20 Key Properties for Organic Vapor Emissions 2-50
2-21 Key Properties for Inorganic Vapor Emissions 2-51
2-22 Key Properties for Particulate Emissions 2-52
3-1 Key Emission Stream Characteristics and HAP
Characteristics for Selecting Control Techniques for
Organic Vapors from Point Sources 3-3
3-2 Other Considerations in Control Device Selection for
HAP Organic Vapors from Point Sources 3-5
3-3 Current Control Methods for Various Inorganic Vapors . 3-17
3-4 Range of Capture Velocities 3-21
3-5 Summary of Control Effectiveness for Controlling
Organic Area Fugitive Emission Sources 3-24
xv ii
-------
LIST OF TABLES
(continued)
Table
3-6 Key Emission Stream Characteristics for Participate
Emission Streams 3-37
3-7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Participate Control
Devices 3-39
3-8 Control Technology Appplications for Transfer and
Conveying Sources 3-47
3-9 Control Technology Applications for Loading Operations 3-49
3-10 Control Technology Applications for Unloading
Operations 3-50
3-11 Control Technology Applications for Plant Roads. . . . 3-54
3-12 Control Technology Applications for Open Storage Piles 3-56
3-13 Control Technology Applications for Waste Disposal
Sites 3-58
4.1-1 Thermal Incinerator System Design Variables 4.1-6
4.1-2 Comparison of Calculated Values and Values Supplied
by the Permit Applicant for Thermal Incineration . . . 4.1-19
4.2-1 Catalytic Incinerator System Design Variables 4.2-7
4.2-2 Comparison of Calculated Values and Values Supplied
by the Permit Applicant for Catalytic Incineration . . 4.2-21
4.3-1 Flare Gas Exit Velocities 4.3-7
4.3-2 Comparison of Calculated Values and Values Supplied
by the Permit Applicant for Flares 4.3-11
4.5-1 Carbon Adsorber System Design Variables . . . 4.5-8
4.5-2 Comparison of Calculated Values and Values Supplied
by the Permit Applicant for Carbon Adsorption 4.5-21
4.6-1 Comparison of Calculated Values and Values Supplied
by the Permit Applicant for Absorption 4.6-19
4.7-1 Coolant Selection 4.7-7
4.7-2 Comparison of Calculated Values and Values Supplied
by the Permit Applicant for Condensation 4.7-17
xviii
-------
LIST OF TABLES
(concluded)
Table Page
4.8-1 Characteristics of Several Fibers Used In Fabric
Filtration 4.8-6
4.8-2 Comparisons of Fabric Filter Bag Cleaning Methods. . . 4.8-8
4.8-3 Recommended Air-to-cloth Ratios (Ft/Min) for Various
Dusts and Fumes by Cleaning Method 4.8-12
4.8-4 Factors to Obtain Gross Cloth Area from Net Cloth Area 4.8-15
4.8-5 Comparison of Calculated Values and Values Supplied
by the Permit Applicant for Fabric Filters 4.8-18
4.9-1 Typical Values for Drift Velocity for Various
Particulate Matter Applications 4.9-5
4.9-2 Comparison of Calculated Values and Values Supplied
by the Permit Applicant for ESP's 4.9-7
4.10-1 Pressure Drops for Typical Venturi Scrubber
Applications 4.10-6
4.10-2 Materials of Construction for Typical Venturi
Scrubber Applications 4.10-9
4.10-3 Comparison of Calculated Values and Values Supplied
by the Permit Applicant for Venturi Scrubbers 4.10-13
5-1 Identification of Design Parameters and Cost Curves
for Major Equipment, 5-38
5-2 C.E. Fabricated Equipment Cost Indices (FE) 5-39
5-3 Unit Costs for Various Materials (June 1985 Dollars) . 5-40
5-4 Price of Packing for Absorber Systems 5-41
5-5 Bag Prices (Dec. 1977 Dollars/Gross Square Feet) . . . 5-42
5-6 Identification of Design Parameters and Cost Curves
for Auxiliary Equipment 5-43
5-7 Assumed Pressure Drops Across Various Components . . . 5-44
5-8 Capital Cost Elements and Factors 5-45
5-9 Unit Costs to Calculate Annualized Cost . . 5-46
5-10 Utility/Replacement Operating Costs for HAP Control
Techniques 5-47
5-11 Additional Utility Requirements 5-48
5-12 Estimated Labor Hours Per Shift and Average
Equipment Life ........ 5-50
xix
-------
NOMENCLATURE3
a = packing constant
2
A = heat exchanger surface area, ft
Abed = carbon bed cross sectional area, ft
2
^column a absorber column cross sectional area, ft
2
Acon = condenser surface area, ft
2
Anc = net c^°th area> ft
o
A = collection plate area, ft
A = venturi scrubber throat area, ft2
Atc = total cloth area> ft
ABS = abscissa (Figure 4.6-2)
AC » adsorption capacity of carbon bed, Ib HAP/100 Ib carbon
2
A/C = air to cloth ratio for baghouse, acfm/ft
AF = absorption factor
b = packing constant
c = packing constant
C = annual credits, $/yr
C = amount of carbon required, Ib
cPai». = 3verage specific heat of air, Btu/scf-°F
Cll i
Cp,^ = average specific heat of air, Btu/lb-mole-°F
air
Cp » average specific heat of combined gas stream, Btu/scf-°F
Cp , . - average specific heat of coolant, Btu/lb-°F
Cp = average specific heat of emission stream, Btu/scf-°F
Cp = average specific heat of emission stream, Btu/lb-°F
Cpr = average specific heat of supplementary fuel (natural gas), Btu/lb-°F
Cpf_ = average specific heat of flue gas, Btu/scf-°F
aEnglish units are used throughout this report. Appendix B.I provides
conversion factors for English to Metric units.
xx
-------
-pflq = avera9e specific heat of flare gas, Btu/1b-°F
Cp.. « average specific heat of water, Btu/lb-°F
w
CpHAp - average specific heat of HAP, Btu/lb-mole-°F
CE - collection efficiency (based on mass), percent
CRF capital recovery factor
CRF - weighted average capital recovery factor
W
d = packing constant
D - annual direct labor costs, $/yr
Du . = carbon bed diameter, ft
D I » absorber column diameter, ft
°duct = duct d-iameter> in-
D - mean particle diameter, m
D - venturi scrubber throat diameter, ft
Dtio = ^are t-iP diameter, in.
2
DQ - diffusivity in gas stream, ft /hr
DL = diffusivity in liquid, ft2/hr
D, = annual operating labor cost, S/yr
02 m annual supervision labor cost, $/yr
DE = destruction efficiency, percent
^reoorted = reP°r^e<* destruction efficiency, percent
DP - stream dew point, °F
ex - excess air, percent (volume)
f = fraction
FE » fabricated equipment cost index
FER = fan electricity requirement, kWh
g » packing constant
xxi
-------
2
g_ » gravitational constant, * 32.2 ft/sec
G » gas (emission stream) flow rate, Ib/hr
G,..«, * gas (emission stream) flow rate based on column cross sectional area,
area 1b/sec-ftz
G f = gas (emission stream) flow rate at flooding conditions based on
' column cross sectional area, Ib/sec-ft
G -I - gas (emission stream) flow rate, Ib-mole/hr
hd - heat content of emission stream after dilution, Btu/scf
hg - heat content of emission stream, Btu/scf
hf - lower heating value of supplementary fuel (natural gas), Btu/scf
h^, - flare gas heat content, Btu/scf
AH = heat of vaporization of HAP, Btu/lb-mole
Hcon = enthalpy change associated with condensed HAP, Btu/min
Hr = ^supplementary heat requirement (heat supplied by the supplementary
fuel), Btu/min
H-, j = condenser heat load, Btu/hr
Hnoncon = entna^Py change associated with noncondensable vapors, Btu/min
H - enthalpy change associated with uncondensed HAP, Btu/min
H- = height of a gas transfer unit, ft
H, - height of a liquid transfer unit, ft
Hnr = height of a gas transfer unit (based on overall gas film
Ub coefficients), ft
Htcolumn * absorber eolumn packed height, ft
Htt t -I » absorber column total height, ft
HAP - quantity of HAP condensed, Ib-mole/min
HAP - inlet HAP concentration, ppmv
HAP = quantity of HAP in the emission stream entering the condenser,
e'm Ib-mole/min
HAP * outlet HAP concentration, ppmv
xxii
-------
HAP m « quantity of HAP in the emission stream exiting the condenser,
°'m Ib-mole/min
HP » fan power requirement, hp (horsepower)
HR - heat recovery in the heat exchanger, percent
HRS - number of hours of operation per year
L - solvent flow rate, Ib/hr
n
L - solvent flow rate based on absorber column cross sectional area,
lb/hr-fr
L -I - solvent flow rate, gal/mi n
L.-i 3 solvent flow rate, Ib-mole/hr
Ly - liquid flow rate in venturi scrubber, gal/min
L /Q - liquid to gas ratio, gal/10 acf
LEL lower explosive limit, percent (volume)
m - slope of the equilibrium curve
M - annual maintenance costs, $/yr
M - moisture content of emission stream, percent (volume)
M, « annual maintenance labor cost, $/yr
Mg » annual maintenance supervision cost, $/yr
M3 » annual maintenance materials cost, $/yr
MW - average molecular weight of a mixture of components, Ib/lb-mole
a Vy
MW * average molecular weight of emission stream, Ib/lb-mole
MWfia * average molecular weight of flare gas, Ib/lb-mole
MW , . - molecular weight of solvent, Ib/lb-mole
MWU/ID * molecular weight of HAP (average molecular weight if a mixture of
"AK HAPs is present), Ib/lb-mole
N = number of carbon beds
Nnr = number of gas transfer units (based on overall gas film
Ub coefficients)
xxiii
-------
0? = oxygen content of emission stream, percent (volume)
ORD - ordinate (Figure 4.6-2)
AP » total pressure drop for the control system, in.H-0
2
AP, - absorber column pressure drop, Ib/ft -ft
a
P - emission stream pressure, mm Hg
P tial = partial pressure of HAP in emission stream, mm Hg
P = vapor pressure of HAP in emission stream, mm Hg
APtotal = absorber column total pressure drop, in.H^O
AP = pressure drop across venturi, in.H20
PC = purchased equipment cost, S
Q, = flow rate of gas stream at actual conditions, acfm
a
Q = combustion air flow rate, scfm
Q = flow rate of combined gas stream entering the catalyst bed, scfm
^coolant = coolant flow rate' lb/nr
Qcool w = cooling water flow rate, Ib/min
Q * emission stream flow rate, scfm
Q. = saturated emission stream flow rate, acfm
e, s
Qr - supplementary fuel (natural gas) flow rate, scfm
Qrq = flue gas flow rate, scfm
Qr a flue gas flow rate at actual conditions, acfm
tg, a
Qflq « flare gas flow rate, scfm
Q« . flare gas flow rate at actual conditions, acfm
r ig, a
Q = quantity of HAP recovered, Ib/hr
Q = steam flow rate, Ib/min
Q - cooling water flow rate, gal /mi n
W
r » packing constant
xxiv
-------
R - gas constant, - 0.73 ft3-atm/lb-mole °R; . 1.987 cal/g-mole °K
Rhum * re^ative humidity, percent '
Ref » refrigeration capacity, tons
RE * removal efficiency, percent
^reoorted * reported removal efficiency, percent
s » packing constant
S » annual cost of operating supplies, $/yr
ScG Schmidt number for HAP/emission stream
ScL » Schmidt number for HAP/solvent system
St - steam ratio, Ib steam/1b carbon
SV « space velocity, hr"1
t * cleaning interval, min
t » residence time, sec
T » temperature, °F
T * combustion temperature, °F
T . - temperature of combined gas stream entering the catalyst bed, °F
T » temperature of flue gas leaving the catalyst bed, °F
T = condensation temperature, °F
Tcool i * inlet temperature of coolant, °F
T , - outlet temperature of coolant, °F
T » emission stream temperature, °F
Ta c « temperature of saturated emission stream, °F
e, s
Tflq * ^are 9as temperature, °F
T. - emission stream temperature after heat exchanger, °F
T » reference temperature, « 70°F
T t- - inlet steam temperature, °F
XXV
-------
Tsto = condensed steam outlet temperature, °F
\H = inlet cooling water temperature, °F
W 1
T^n = outlet cooling water temperature, °F
WO
logarithmic mean temperature difference, F
Th i - absorber column thickness, ft
U = overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr-ft2-°F
Ud - drift velocity of particles, ft/sec
Uduct * velocity of gas stream in the duct, ft/mi n
Ug = emission stream velocity through carbon bed, ft/min
IL . - throat velocity of saturated emission stream, ft/sec
'
Uflq = flare 9as exit velocity, ft/sec
Um3v = maximum flare gas velocity, ft/sec
fflaX
Ut = annual utility costs, $/yr
V - combustion chamber volume, ft
V , = volume of carbon bed, ft
V. . = catalyst bed requirement, ft
V .. = absorber column packing volume, ft
W - particle grain loading, gr/acf
Wt = absorber column weight, Ib
x = mole fraction of solute in solvent, moles solute/ (moles solute +
moles solvent)
X - mole fraction of gaseous component in liquid, moles solute/ moles
solvent
y = mole fraction of solute in air, moles solute/(moles solute + moles
air)
Y = packing constant
Y = mole fraction of solute in air, moles solute/moles air
Z- . = carbon bed depth, ft
xx vi
-------
« - packing constant
X- latent heat of vaporization for steam, Btu/lb
n= fan efficiency, percent
pbed a density of carbon bed, Ib/ft
PC = density of carbon steel plate, Ib/ft
P- = density of gas (emission stream), Ib/ft
PL - density of solvent, Ib/ft3
0 j = cycle time for adsorption, hr
0 » cycle time for regeneration, hr
M, - viscosity of solvent, centipoise
M." » viscosity of solvent, Ib/ft-hr
xxv ii
-------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors express their appreciation to Dr. Bruce A. Tichenor, EPA
Project Officer, for his advice and technical support throughout this project.
We also wish to acknowledge the following persons for their assistance in
producing various sections of this manual: Mr. Vishnu S. Katari,
Ms. Karin C. C. Gschwandtner, Mr. Michael K. Sink, and Ms. Charlotte R. Clark
of Pacific Environmental Services, Inc.; and Mr. Andrew J. Miles, Mr. D. Blake
Bath, and Ms. Glynda E. Wilkins of the Radian Corporation.
xxvm
-------
APPENDIX A.I
NEW YORK STATE AIR GUIDE - 1
Guidelines for the Control of
Hazardous Ambient Air Contaminants
-------
-------
Tabla of Contents
Introduction 1
Guidelines for eh* Control of Toxic Air Contaminants (Text) 1
I. High Toxicity Air Contaminants 2
II. Moderate and Low Toxicity Air Contaminants 4
III. Guidance for All Contaminants 4
17. Exceptions...., 5
7. Basic Considerations and Comments 5
Figure I - Decision Process 3
Figure II - Conversion Factors, at cetera 9
Figure III - Glossary 10
Figure 17 - Impact Calculation Flowsheet 11
Appendix A* Screening Analysis for Ambient Air Quality Impact 12
I. Stapvis* Evaluation of Toxic Contaminants 12
A. Point Sources 12
3. Area Sources. 17
II. Assumptions. Qualifications and Further Considerations 19
Figure 7, Am+t^l Concentration vs. Effective Stack Height... 22
Figure 71, Plum* 3is« aa a Function of Stack Parameters 23
Figure 711, Annual Concentration (C ) as a function of Effective Stack
Height (B^) and Emission Rate (Q) . .7 24
Appendix 3, Toxicity Classification 25
High Toxicity 25
Moderate Toxiciey 25
Low Toxicity 26
Table I, Summary of Ambient Standards - -Federal and State 27
Table LA, Rational Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants 23
Table II, High Toxicity Air Contaminants 29
AZS GUIDE-i A, 1-1
-------
Table III, Moderate Toxicity Organic Air Contaminants 33
Table III, Moderate Toxicity. Inorganic Air Contaminants 40
Table 17, Low Toxicity Organic Air Contaminants 42
Table 17, Low Toxicity Inorganic Air Contaminants 44
Index 45
A.1-2
AIR CTXDE-i ' L/35
-------
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
50 Wolf Road, Albany, New York 12233-0001
H*nry Q. William*
AIR GUIDE-1
INTRODUCTION
Air Guide- 1 la Che. combined effort of the DEC Bureau of Air Toxics (BAT) and
Che DEC Bureau of Impact Assessment and Meteorology (BIAM) , with the NTS DOH
Bureau of Toxic Substance Aaaeaament concurrence for the Appendix 3 methods.
Appendix A: Screening Analysis for Ambient Air Quality Impact
The derivation, of the method is contained in the paper "Screening
Procedures for Determining Ambient Impacts of Toxic Contaminants" by
Leon Sedefian» DEC 3IAM. This work, describes the assumptions and
qualifications of the procedures. Section IX of Appendix A briefly
outlines these- assumptions and qualifications and should be reviewed
prior to using; the stepwis* procedures.
Appendix B; Toxicity Classification
Dr. Moises Riano, DEC Bureau, of Air Toxics Assessment Section, based
the. Toxicity Classifications on the- following compound characteristics:
Oral and la halation. Toxicicy, Carcinogenicity , Mutagenicity,
Teratogenicity, Reproductive (embryotoxicity) Effects, and the Degree
of Irritation. References from LARC, OSHA, NIOSH, NT?, and NCI, as
well as other scientific data, bases are evaluated in classifying
Thes* appendices follow a. shore Caxr, dedicated Co. the regulatory
implementation of Air GuideI. Questions regarding this text, and Air
Guide 1 implementation, in general, should be directed to the staff of che
Toxics Management Section, in Bureau of Air Toxics, (513)457-7454. Primary-
contacts in this section, are* Ed Anna, and Stan Byer.
GniDELINES FOR. THE CONTROL OF TOXIC AZZ CONTAMINANTS
This* guideline supersedes Chapters 3900 and 4100 of the Process Source
Handbook and the- 12/15/83 version of Air Guide- L.
This guideline- is a screening mechanism* to determine whether permits should
be- iaatied. The- Regional Air Pollution. Control Engineer (RAPCZ) should use
Che following procedure- a* x. guideline for Acceptable Ambient Levels
(AAL's),. and for applying control requirements in. the review- of applications
and permits, issued under 6- NYCRR Part. 212. Failure to meet an AAL on a
screening basis does not necessarily mean that a. permit should be denied.
A. 1-3
BAT REVISED 1/85
-------
-2-
In addition co reviewing control requirements under 6NTCSS Part 212, the Air
Guide- 1 screening methods may be used to assess other air contaminant
sources which may cause contravention of ambient air quality standards
and/or cause air pollution. This is in accordance with the concern for
ambient air quality as expressed in 6NYCRR Parts 200 and 257. In such cases
where contravention occurs , or may occur, the commissioner may specify the
degree and/or method of emission control required.
It is DEC's intention to list in AG-l an AAL guideline value specifically
developed for each chemical. Contaminant specific AAL's are determined by
DEC aad DOE toxicologists after analysis of all available data, using risk
assessment technology suitable for the contaminant. These values are
identified by a (DEC) or (DOE) in the tables.
Given the vase numbers of chemicals in use in NYS, the toxicity data
available, and the lengthy process involved in developing each contaminant
specific AAL, only a portion of the chemicals listed in AG-L have
contaminant specific AAL's. For the remaining chemicals, interim AAL values
identified by (I) - are derived from the American Conference of Industrial
Governmental Hygienists* (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted
Averages (TWA-TLV, or TL7) . This is done even though the ACGIH TL7 booklet
states: "They (TLV's) are not intended for use, or modification for use,
(1) as a relative index of hazard or toxicity, (2) in the evaluation or
control of community air pollution nuisances, (3) in estimating the toxic
potential of continuous, uninterrupted exposures.." It further states, "The
TLV-TWAs should b* used as guides in the control of health hazards and
should not b* used as fin* lines between, safe and dangerous concentrations."
Notwithstanding these ACGIH caveats, the TL7 values are the most complete-
listing of quantified acceptable exposure levels available, and are thus
considered by DEC to b* a valuable tool. To address che concern about using.
TLV's for non-occupational exposures, DEC and DOH scientists have
categorized chemicals into high, moderate, or low toxicity classifications
which are- defined in Appendix B. These categories are based on the type of
chronic and/or acute toxic effect of each chemical of concern. The safety
factors used with the TLV's to calculate AAL's are a function of che.
chemicals 's toxicity classification.
ACGIH concern that TLV's "not b* used as fine lines between safe and
dangerous concentrations" is addressed by th* screening guideline nature of
the Air Guide.! document. Th* Acceptable Ambient Levels (AAL's) given are
guideline values not standards. Also, the meteorologic impact
calculations of Appendix A, while conservative in nature, are mathematical
estimates' only, a 'factor contributing to th* guidelfo* status of the Air
Guide L methodologies.
I. Sigh Tdxieity Air Contaminants.
A. High Toxicity air contaminants are demonstrated or potential human
carcinogens, and other substances posing a significant health risk
to humans. When reviewing sources which emit High Toxicity
contaminants » the following guidelines must be considered:
A. 1-4
AIR GUIDE- 1 . REVISED L/85
-------
-3-
(1) The maximum annual average ambient concentration should not
exceed the AAL as defined in paragraph (3) and;
(2) BACT (best available control technology) should be applied to
sources emitting High Toxicity Air Contaminants as outlined
in paragraph (C).
3. For any High Toxicity air contaminant that has (1) an applicable
National or State Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table O. or
(2) specific National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAPS), (Table LA), the applicable standard shall be
used by the BAPCZ. The ambient air quality impact should be
verified as acceptable in relation to these standards, or
applicable AAL, for any High Toxicity Air Contaminant.
An AAL is the contaminant concentration which is considered to be
an acceptable average concentration at a receptor on an annual
basis. These values 'are- developed as guidelines to safeguard
receptors against potential chronic effects resulting from
continuing, exposures.
Chemicals classified High Toxicity by DEC and/or DOS toxicologists
have AAL's listed in Table II. Chemicals for which a complete
toxicity analysis has been done have contaminant specfic AAL's
listed. Thes* ar* identified by a (DEC) or (BOH) after the value
is the* Table. For chemicals not yet evaluated, an interim AAL
(denoted by (T) in Table II), is determined by multiplying the
current American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH) time weighted average- threshold level value (TWA-TLV) for
the- contaminant by the factor (1/300). If there is no current
TWA-TLV, or if the standard or AAL is not met when BACT is
applied, the RAPCZ should consult with the Toxics Management
Section for further guidance' as indicated in Figure 1, Decision
Process.
C. Any chemical designated as a High Toxicity air contaminant (Table
II) by .the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
(DEC), and the Department of Health (DOH), ' and not otherwise
regulated, for specific processes under 40. CFS 61, the National
Emission- Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS), or 40
CTR 761,. the- Toxic Substance- Control Act (TSCA) oust be- assigned
as "A" environmental rating and BACT shall be required for the
source. The- SAPCZ is advised to consult with the- Bureau of Source
Control for further guidance- in those cases where- 3ACT results in
less than: 992 control.
D. If the- emission: rate potential (ERP) for any High Toxicity air
contaminant is less than 1.0 Ib /hr (without air cleaning), the
RAPCZ- has- an option of waiving BACT and setting other control
requirements (including: no control) provided the Impact calculated
from the- source-'s actual emission rate yields a predicted ambient
concentration at any off-site receptor which does not exceed the
applicable ambient standard or AAL. If the RAPCE determines that
the standard or AAL will not be met, the procedure outlined in
paragraphs A. through C above should "be followed.
All OTTDE-1 A.1-5 REVISED 1/85
-------
-4-
E. The following special condition muse be included on each
Certificate to Operate for sources emitting Sigh Toxicity
contaminants: "Should significant new scientific evidence from a
recognized institution result in a decision by DEC that lower
ambient levels muse be established, it may be necessary to reduce
emissions from this source prior to the expiration of this
Certificate to Operate".
II. Moderate and Low Toxicity Air Contaminants
A. When a National or State Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table 1),
or chemical specific AAL approved by the Division of Air exists
for Moderate or Low Toxicity air contaminants, it shall be used by
the RAPCZ.
B. Whenever an ambient standard or chemical specific AAL does not
exist, the RAPCZ should establish an appropriate environmental
rating, in accordance with Part 212, which would specify a degree
of control or emission level sufficient to yield a predicted
ambient concentration at any off-site receptor not exceeding the
derived AAL. This AAL is calculated according to the following
guidelines:
(1) Moderate Toxicity air contaminants These contaminants
(Table III) are animal carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens or
other substances posing a health risk to humans.
(TffA-TLV)/300 is used to determine the AAL.
(2) Low Toxicity air contaminants - These contaminants (Table IV)
are of primary concern as irritants and have not been
confirmed as- carcinogens, autagens, or teratogens in animal
tests. (TWA-TL7)/50 is used, to determine the AAL.
C. Part 212 "D" Ratings should be given only when;
(1) The, contaminant requires no control to meet an ambient
standard or AAL, and
(2) The contaminant is a "Nuisance Particulate" or a "Simple
Asphyxiant" as listed in Che ACGIH TLV booklet, or a chemical
with similar properties.
III. Guidance for All Contaminants
The SAPCZ should contact the Toxics Management Section, in accordance with
the- Decision Process in Figure- I, when:
A. There is no- TLV or AAL for a High Toxicity Contaminant, or
IT- There is no TLV or AAL for Moderate or Low Toxicity Contaminants
and the Calculated. Ambient Contaminant Impact is greater than the
A.1-6
AHL GUIDE-1 8EVISZD 1/85
-------
-5-
"d« minimus" guideline AAL of 0.03 ug/m3*, or
C. The AAL is not met.
When no AAL, TLV, or Toxlcicy Classifcation is available, it is Che sourca
owner's responsibility to provide enough toxicity data to allow an adequate
permit review. AC times, the attainment of this data and the appropriate
DEC Central Office toxics policy guidance nay not conform to Uniform
Procedures Act (UP A) deadlines. When this situation arises, the permit may
be issued for one year, if:
1. The 3APCS is reasonably assured that the toxicity data needed for
a complete review will be forthcoming.
2. Th* DEC Toxic Management Section has confirmed through a "quick
review," by the DEC toxlcologist that the chemical is not likely
to be classified a "High Toxity Contaminant".
While these conditions should allow BAPCE's to meet UPA deadlines without
unnecessarily denying air emission permits, they are not meant to replace
the usual, review procedure. They are intended to serve as interim actions
until a complete review can be accomplished.
17. Exceptions
A. There may be> times, when the above methods might result in an
ambient concentration which would be- greater than the odor
threshold for a contaminant. In these instances, the RAPCE should
determine If. th* potential for a significant nuisance exists. If
this is the- case, th* lower odor threshold value should be
employed.
3. When a RAPCZ. encounters a situation ttoc covered by this guideline
or requiring- special, conditions, the- Toxics Management Section
should be- consulted.
C. Any substance emitted, from a source which is subject to 40 C7R 61
(NESHAPS) will b* controlled solely under this federal regulation.
Table IA lists th* contaminants so affected.
7. Basic Considerations and Comments
A. Th* AAL.'* listed, in by this guideline are to be- considered
incremental concentrations above th* non-industrial background
levels which; currently exlse for th* respective substances. The
influences of multiple emission- points at on* facility and the
additional contributions from other facilities in th* vicinity
(approximately thre* miles) should b* included in this evaluation
according to th* guidelines of Appendix A.
*This interim; "de minimus" AAL is recommended as a screening criterion
for Moderate and Low Toxicity contaminants without TWA-TL7(3 until a.
contaminant specific AAL is established for each chemical.
A.l-7
AIH GUHJE-1 REVISED 1/85
-------
-6-
To determine background levels, ambient measurements can be made
at reasonable distances from known sources. These background
concentrations would include emissions which may occur from homes*
other local non-industrial sources, from mobile sources, and from
naturally occurring sources.
B. AAL's for toxic air contaminants are continually being developed
by the Division of Air Resources, New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation (DEC), and the Bureau of Toxic
Substances Assessment, New York State Department of Health (DOH),
on a case by case basis. Tables I, IA, II, III, and 17 are
updated annually.
C. As a general rule, control requirements for High Toxicity air
contaminants will be more restrictive than chose developed for
Moderate and Low Toxicity air contaminants.
D." Best Available Control Technology (BACT) may not always be
sufficient to meet the AAL. In these cases, the matter should be
reviewed in detail with the Toxics Management Section as noted in
I, 3, page 3.
E. The AAL's referred to in this guideline are annual average ambient
concentrations that should not be exceeded for any off-site
receptor* CO and PC applications for emission points with any
chemicals listed, in AG-L or is the ACGIH TL7 booklet should be
screened by the RA2CE by using the- stepwise evaluation of toxic
contaminants procedure found, in Appendix A of this Guideline,
"Ambient Air Quality Impact Screening Analysis". The RAPCE is
advised to consult with the Bureau of Impact Analysis and
Meteorology (BIAM) for guidance in applying Appendix A when
questions on meteorology arise.
F. For a chemical which has an assigned ACGIH TWA-TLV but is not
listed in Air Guide1, an assumption should be made that the
chemical is of Moderate Toxicity. The methodology of section II,
page 4, should be used to evaluate its Impact on receptors.
Exception; Chemicals listed in ACGIH TLV book's Appendix A
"Carcinogens" may pose a potential risk to humans and may be
classifiable as High Toxicity contaminants. The Toxic Management
Section, should be consulted for guidance for these chemicals.
G. When no THA-TLVfs exist, Chemical Specific AAL's will be developed
case- by case- basis for;
(1) Chemicals which meet. Appendix B's High Toxicity criteria, and
(2) Moderate and Low Toxicity contaminants .whose impacts exceed
the- "de minimus" value of 0.03 ug/m3.
These chemical specific AAL's will be developed by DOH or DEC
toxicologists, with appropriate peer review, under the
administrative aegis of the Bureau of Air Toxics.
A.1-8
AH GUIDE-L REVISED L/85
-------
-7-
H. Short Tarn Impact: The fifteen minute ambient average
concentration for a contaminant should not exceed Che TLV at an
off-site receptor. Judgment .should be used by the RA2CE in
evaluating the degree that che concentration exceeds the TLV,
frequency of occurrence, and receptor location when applying chis
guidance. Pleas* note footnote in tables for ACGIH "C" listed
contaminants.
I. The following sampling procedures are suggested for use by the
RAPCE to assure consistency with the intent of this policy. The
choice of monitoring methods depend on the magnitude of the
source, potential exposure of receptor and frequency of emissions
from the source.
(1) Monitoring by the source owner or his authorized agent.
a. Stack testing and site specific air quality impact
analyses (compliance)..
b. Ambient sampling at off-site receptors.
c. Combination of (a) and (b).
(2) Selected sampling by appropriate DEC staff.
a. Stack testing (surveillance).
b. Ambient sampling (short-term).
J. For purposes of 6N7C2S Parr 201.6(J)1, carcinogenic contaminants
consist- of the- Table II High. Toxicity Contaminants and chemicals
listed in Appendix A of the ACGIH TLV booklet.
If you haver any questions, pleas* communicate- directly with:
Mr. Edward Anna Bureau, of Air Toxics, Toxics Management Section,
Mr. Stanley By«r ' (518)'457-7454
APPROVED,
Harry 2. Hovey, Jr., »S.E.
Director
Division of Air Resources
A.1-9
AIR GUIDE-L REVISED L/85
-------
-8-
Figur« Z DECISION PROCESS
STAUT
AT »ai«a«»4»T«
*c«
A.1-10
AIR CTIDE-L
REVISED L/85
-------
-9-
FIGUSE II
To Convert From
Pounds
Pounds
Ibs/hr
Feee
FeeC3
CONVERSION FACTORS, ec cetera
To
Grams
Grains
ug/sac
Maters
Haters3
Multiply By
4S3.6
7000.
126000.
0.3048
0.0233
°C - 5/9 (°7 -32)
°K-°C + 273. 16
- °F + 460
(24.45)
(molecular weight)
1 PPb (24.45) (us)
(molecular weight) ~"wr
I ps » 10 grams
.9
L ag- » 10 grams
1 u$ » 10 grams-
L mg » 10** grams-
A.1-11
AI2 GUTDE-1 REVISED 1/85
-------
-10-
FIGURE III
GLOSSARY
Notanenclature and Variables in Appendix A;
English
Variable Units
Box
(English Units)
Air
76-19-3 ERIC
- Building Height fe«t
- Cavity H«ighc (of Bldg.) feat
h » Stack Height fa«t
Box 32 Box 42
h * Effective Stack Height feet
Q * Emission. Rate Ibs/ht
Box 59 Box 37
Horizontal
Dimension
feec
F » Momentum Flux
at
a 4.
ft /sec
T - Exit Temperature
'rtankini
Box 34 Box 53
+460* +460°
- Exie Velocity
ft/sec
Box 35 Box 43
R - Stack Outlet Diameter
inches
(Box 33) (Box 52)
24. 24
C » Annual Impact
*" Concentration
ug/m3
F Buoyancy Flux Parameter
ft /sec3
AC7M * Actual Volume Bate of
Exhaust Gas
ft3/mia
A.1-12
Box 36
Box 43
AIB GUIDE-1
-------
-11-
START
t
DETERMINE
AAL
IN STACK
ANALYSIS
FIGURE EC
IMPACT CALCULATION FLOWSHEET
FOR APPENDIX A CALCULATIONS ON PAGE 12
NO
BUILDING
CAVITY
APPL1CA8L
CALCULATE
BLDG CAVITY
iMPACT(STEP3g)
PONT
SOURCE
SCREEN
(STEP 4)
PASSES
SCREEN
AIS. GUIDE.-L
A.l-13
REVISED L/85
-------
-12-
APPENDI2 A
SCREENING ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IMPACT
The stepwise procedures which follow provide a simple method of evaluating the
impact of toxic contaminants on off-site receptors. The steps have been
formulated to minimize the variables involved and require only information on
facility emission parameters. Both point and area sources can be evaluated by
the procedures.
The derivation of this method is contained in a paper entitled "Screening
Procedures for Determining Ambient Impacts of Toxic Contaminants" by Leon
Sedefian, Air Pollution Meteorologist IV of the DEC Bureau of Impact Assessment
and Meteorology. The paper describes the assumptions and qualifications of the
procedures. Section II, page 19, of this Appendix also briefly describes the
assumptions and qualifications and should be reviewed prior to using che
stepwise procedures.
1. STEPWISE EVALUATION OF TOXIC CONTAMINANTS
The procedures for point and area sources are described separately. The
distinction of considering facility-wide emissions as point or area sources is
source-receptor dependent. See subsection 3 (page 17), and point 3 of
Section II (page 21) for general guidance on the- definition of an area source.
English engineering units muse be consistent with the Glossary, Figure III, page
10.
A. Point Sources
I) Determine- the- toxicity and the corresponding AAL of the contami-
nant under consideration.
2) Using source parameters (i.e. volumetric flow rate and emission
rate) determine the in-stack. concentration. Divide the latter by
100 and compare to the- AAL. If the AAL is not exceeded then no
further analysis is required. If the AAL is exceeded then
proceed to Step 3.
3) Cavity Impact Consideration - In some instances pollutants
released from stacks and vents can be entrained into the- cavity
developed downwind of the: building. If the cavity region extends
beyond the- plant property line, as defined below, the enhanced
impact may be significant:. The following procedures should be
used to determine- if cavity impacts need, to be considered. If
cavity impact is not significant, the. Standard Point Source
Impact is calculated in Step 4.
a) Define the cavity height, h , as h » 1.5 h. , where-
i* the building- - height. If the- release- height (e.g.
._ physical stack, height h ) is greater than h no
cavity impacts need be considered; skip to Step 4. If the
release height is below h , continue with b).
b) Define, the horizontal extent of the cavity as 3b, . If the
plant property distance exceeds 3h. in all directions from
AIB GUIDE"-!. A.1-14 REVISED 1/85
-------
-13-
the source, che cavity impacts are confined to on-site
receptors. If so, proceed co Seep 4. If the cavity extends
beyond the plant property line proceed to c) to calculate
off-site impacts.
c) Calculate the worst case annual cavity impact, C , from
the equation:
Ca(yg/m3) - 47420 Q/hJ
And where Q is the annual emission rate in Ib/hr and h, is
in feee. °
If C is less than the AAL, impact is not significant and
no further analysis is required. If C exceeds the AAL,
proceed to- the next step which incorporates a consideration
of horizontal building dimensions.
d) Determine the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the
building froa which emissions are released. If th* building
height, h. , is less than either horizontal dimension, skip
to Seep £ Otherwise define the "urtnpr* cavity length as
3L^ where !_ is th* TMTlmum horizontal building
dimension. MX
If th* plane property encompasses this calculated horizontal
cavicy dimension (3L. ) in all directions, there are no
significant cavity impacts, go to Step 4. However, if the
cavicy region extends- beyond the plane property line go to
th* next step.
*) Defin* th* maximum- cavity height, h , for the case where
h. i* greater than- both horizontal building dimensions as
h h. + 0.5L' where- L is defined above.
C D OeUC OsfteC-
Lf th* actual release height, h , (e.g. physical stack
heighe) is greater thaw this cavicy height, then the cavicy
impacts, ar* noe significant, go to Step 4. If not,
continu*.
f) Plume* Heighe with Momentum Flux (This method is valid for
momentum: plume rise from vertically orienced emission points
- No capped stacks or "goose necks")
1. Calculate- Momentum; Flux (F ) from:
m
F »Ta. . V* .. Ra
* f" '
Where: . English Units
r » exie temperature «'B. from Sox 34+460 "3.
V » exit velocity » ft/sec from Box 35
Hi stack outlee radius * ft, (Box 33)724-
r^» ambienc temperature « 510^(general assumption)
A.1-15
AJS GUIDE-1 REVISED 1/85
-------
-14-
2. Calculate Effective Stack Height (hft).
h - h + 0.25-(F h, )1/3
e s at V
If h is greater than h from Step e), the plume is
assumed to escape the cavity region, proceed to Step 4.
Otherwise, calculate the cavity concentrations in step
g) below.
g) Calculate the worst case antum \ cavity concentration impact
from the equation:
Ca(ug/m3) 47420 Q
A
where:
Q annual emission rate in Ib/hr, (Box 6-5)
A * is the- nHTHimim vertical cross-sectional building
area, (ft2) for any wind direction.
i.e.* A » h. x L . , where L . is the
smaller of the horizontal buiSalng dimensions. If
exceeds 5h- then set A * 5h£ in the
:e equation.
h) If the cavity concentration is greater than the AAL, site
specific factors such as receptor orientation oust next be
accounted for to confirm significance of potential impact.
Consult the- Impact. Analysis Section at (518/457-7638) for
assistance.
4) Standard Poinc Source Impact Calculation Methods - Two stepwise
. procedures- are: presented below to determine worse case airmia 1
concentrations- from point sources. The first method uses
equations- and a figure for engineering parameters in English
units. The second, alternate procedure is a graphical solution
of the; first:, also using parameters in English engineering units.
The latter was formulated by DEC Region 9 personnel for use with
AH76193 forms. Both procedures are simple and are presented
for the choice- of the. user.
a) Computational Procedure As a conservative and simple
initial approximation of impact you may go directly to
Seep 4> below and assume that the effective stack height
(h ) is- equal to the- height of release (e.g. the physical
stack height). If the estimated concentration exceeds the
AAL then return to step 1 to account for effects of possible
plume rise.
L.. Determine if plume rise should be considered for a
source by taking the ratio of stack height, h , to
building height, h, . If h /h. is less than 2
see the effective stack, height (h ) equal to
e
A.1-16
-------
-15-
h . Also, if the emissions are from vents or froa
sides of buildings, set h equal Co the physical
height of emissions. In *all cases where h is
liaised to the physical height of emissions skip to
Step 4, using h « h . Otherwise proceed to the
next step.
2. Determine the buoyancy flux parameter (?) from:
F. 0.276
where V, R and T are in English units as defined in
Step 3f, page 12.
3. Calculate, the- effective: stack height in feet from:.
3/4
ha - h$ + 7.0(F)J/ for F < 55
or
tre » hs + 12.7(F)3/S for F * 55
where- h is is f eee
4. Determine; the annual source emission rat* (Q) in IbAir
fro* available permit forma or stack monitored data.
5. Using th« h value from Seep 3 determine the
corresponding * annual concentration (C , ) from
Figure- V, page- 22, As this value, is on a 1 Ib/hr
emission basis, multiply by Q to arrive- at the annual
ispact for the- source.
6. If C exceeds- "the AAL for the contaminant then more
refined modeling should be performed as noted in Step 5
b«low.
b) Alternate- graphical Procedure: Using Air-76-19-3 Form Data
A» ait alternate- to method a) above, the Region 9 DEC staff
has; developed a graphical solution: to determine- standard
poine source impacts using data from the- Process Exhaust or
Ventilation. System- PC/CO application: form (AIB 76-19-3), and
two mjBMgra^>hs»
Scmenelatur*:
ACTH - (ft*/minute) from Air 76-19-3, Box 36.
A.1-17
An GVXDE-L REVISED 1/85
-------
-16-
EXIT TEMP - ('?) from Air 76-19-3, Box 34
C_ - Correction for temperature from
Table on Figure VI, page 23.
Q - Actual Emissions Rate (Ib/hr) after air cleaning -
fron Air 76-19-3, Box 65.
F-lin« - buoyancy line on Figure 71 for plume rise
(?.) determination.
P_ - plum* rise in feet. Right ordinate value on
Figure VI. p is determined by using ACFM,
Cj, and F-line on Figure VI.
h - physical stack height above ground, in feet,
* from Air 76-19-3, Box 32.
b, - height of building, in feet, from Air 76-19-3,
Box 32 minus (-) Box 31.
h - effective stack height, in feet, where:
h - h -c P : if h /h, S2.0 let P- - 0
* s r so a
C worse case- ^TTW I impact at ground level in
* ug/m for comparison to AAL.
i) Estimate, the- annual impact, C , assuming no plum*
ris*( i.*., sec h -h . Use Figure VII, page 24.
(a) Read h from box 32 of Air 76-19-3 and set hft
equal & this value.
(b) Locate- this value on the left ordinate of
Figure VII.
(c) Read Q (Ibs/hr) from box 65 of Air 76-19-3 and
locate Q on abcissa.
(d) The- intersection of h and Q on Figure VII
(interpolate) gives C In ug/m3 for direct com-
parison to AAL. If A& is exceeded and Step (ii)
doe* not apply, skip to Step 5 below, if not,
continue-.
(ii) Estimate C with plume rise. Use Figures VI and VII.
Us* only for cases where:
>2.0, if not, go to Step 5
A. 1-18
ATT» rnrnc- i
-------
-17-
(a) Read EXIT TEMP (*F) from box 34 of Air 76-19-3 and
locaca ia Table on Figure VI.
(b) Read C_ value corresponding to EXIT TEMP from
this table and locate C_ on Figure 2 along cop
abcissa.
(e) Read ACFM from box 36 of Air 76-19-3 and locate
ACFM value on Figure VI left ordinate.
(d) Locate on Figure VI the intersection of ACFM and
C- lines and go Vertically Down to F-line on
graph.
(e) From F-line go horizontally to , Right and read P_
in feec on the righc ordinate scale.
(f) Add P. -K h (from box 32 of Air 76-19-3) to
(g) Locate- h value on Figure VII ordinate.
(a) Read Q (Ibs/hr) from box 65 of Air 76-19-3 and
locate. Q value- on Figure VII afacissa.
(1) Intersection of h and Q above yields C in
Ug/m. for direct comparison with AAL.
Cj) If C exceeds the AAL then go to Step 3.
5) Using- Refined Models: Site specific modeling involves the use- of
as EPA recommended model such as th* Cliaa to logical Dispersion
Model (CSM) or th* Industrial Source Complex (ISC) model (long
term version) . This- modeling is normally requested from the
sourer owner with the: Impact Analysis Section or the Region
confirming th* estimates. If the results of this modeling- are
still unacceptable a more refined modeling should be considered
which uses hourly meteorological data. The recommended model for
general use is the- ISC short term model unless terrain consid-
erations are- critical. The Impact Analysis Section
(513/457-7688) should b* consulted as to the procedures to be
used in. complex terrain.
6) In. some- instances as estimate of 15 minute (or other short term)
impact may b* required. To estimate short term impacts the DEC
DM03 or DM04 (for building- downwash effects) models should be
used with th* iM^immy expected emission, rates.
B) Area. Sources.
Th* following, procedures to estimate annual impacts from area, sources
will perform better the closer the source- characteristics and
assumptions approximate the conditions described below. The
A.l-19
AIR GUTJDE-1 REVISED 1/85
-------
. -18-
procedures are applicable co such sources as vasce disposal sices,
fugitive and primary pollutant facility-wide emissions and urban area
sources. The contribution from nearby area sources can be calculated
by method. Only sources located within a distance of 35 (S is the
length of a side of the area source) from the source being analyzed
need be considered as described in step 4 below. The method can
calculate impacts at receptor distances from the source boundary to a
distance of 2.55 from the area source. This range encompasses
practically all cases of interest.
The procedures will perform best under the following conditions:
a) When the emissions in the area source are relatively
uniformly distributed with variations not exceeding 251.
b) When the area source is square with the emissions effectively
at-ground level (i.e. less than 10 feet in height).
c) When the length of a side (S) of the area source is typically
3300 feet or greater. Smaller areas can be modeled but the
minimum side length should be approximately 350 feet.
d) When the emissions are continuous and not a function of
meteorological conditions. (See point 9 of Section II,
page- 21)
The scepvis* procedure is as follows:
I) Determine the area source emission rate (Q.) in units of
lb/(hr-fta) by dividing the total area-wide emissions rate
(Ib/hr) by the area (ft3) of the source. Multiply this by 1.355
x 10°, i.e.
Q. Ib m (emission rate)
hr-ft* * (area)
2) The- "*""il concentration within the- area source is defined as:
cjug/m.3) -K-QA- c^
where: K » IS for 330 ft S S < 3300 ft
K - 30 for S ag3300 ft
C » L.355 r 10 , a conversion factor from
* li/(hr-fft*) to ug/m2-*ec).
If C is less qha^ th* AAL, then .stop, source impact is not
significant. If not, and the- receptors are not within the area
source, go to step 3.
3) If th* receptors are- located from one to 2.5 times away, divide
th* concentration calculated in step 2 by the following factors:
Receptor Downwind Distance S 1.5S 2S 2.5S
Concentration Seduction FactorJ252335
4) If there- are other area sources within 3S distance from the
source being considered, (ideally contiguous to the source being
A.1-20
AH GUIDE-1 REVISED 1/85
-------
-19-
analyzed) then che concribucion of these sources can be
determined by redefining Q. in step 1 (lb/(hr-ft2) as:
where QAQ represents the emissions from the source under con-
sideration and Q,, to Q_ represent emissions from sources
(if they exist) wnTch are at upwind distances of IS, 2S, and 3S,
respectively, from the Q,Q source. It oust be noted that the
nearby sources are assumed to have about the same size as the
source under consideration.
5) If the concentration is above the AAL, a site specific analysis
should be performed. Consult Impact Analysis Section personnel
(518/457-7688).
II. ASSUMPTIONS, QUALIFICATIONS AMP FUKTHHK CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING
APPEND II A
The derivation of che screening method, is presented in Section III of the
Sedefian paper. It should b* reviewed to understand the assumptions and quali-
fications associated, with the- stepwise procedures. Some of the more commonly
noted considerations are briefly discussed below:
1) Building Downvash - No Plume Rise
Th* assumption, of h «h for vents or short stack sources (Section
I.4.a. 1, paget 14) is1 a.9 rough approximation for simulating building
wake; effects. For the most part, it results in conservative impacts.
A refined and. more- complex analysis would involve the use of the
Industrial Sourea Complex model which accounts for specific
source-receptor wake- effects. Th* application of the ISC model
requires the- us* of representative meteorological data.
2) Receptor Distance and- Location
Th* concentrations obtained by the standard point source method
(Section 1.4, page 14) ar* valid for downwind distances greater than
about 330 f eec from; a source and represent the maximum annual impacts
ae any receptor location*
3) New York. Countr Source Impacts
For th* County of New Tork - Manhattan,, and similar urban areas - the
point sourc* procedures ar* noc appropriate due. to th* constraints
imposed by th* possibility of large numbers of sources and receptors
being located in- a small geographical area. A simple' method to deter-
mine: th* acceptability of a source's impact is to compare- th* emission.
rat* of th* sourc* (in Ib/hr) eo Q where Q AAL/ 200 and th* AAL
is defined in ug/m* for th* pollutant. If tit* emission rate is less
than Q Chen th* impact of th* sourc* is acceptable as long as the
sis* or th* sourc* is not considerably larger than the typical sources
noted below. If th* emission rate exceeds Q then appropriate DEC
staff should b* referred to for guidance.
AIR GUIDE-L A. 1-21 REVISED 1/85
-------
-20-
Th* above method is derived from the analysis performed for the
quantification of lead level in waste oil as discussed in the report
"Determination of Acceptable Lead and Chlorine Content Limits for
Waste Oil Based on Modeled Impact Results," of 12/7/82 by L. Sedefian.
This analysis indicates that the NAAQS for lead of 1.5 ug/m3 will be
mat by a multitude of typical sources of 1 to 10 MMBtu/hr, with aver-
age burning rate of 40 gal/hr, as long as the lead content of the
waste fuel is below 25 ppm. The latter corresponds to an uncontrolled
emission rate of .008 Ib/hr. The above equation then simply results
from the ratios of emission rates and AALs of lead or any other pollu-
tant. 1C should be used for sources not larger than the typical
sources just noted, which correspond to large apartment or commercial
building boilers in JTew York County.
4) Use of Monitored Data
In situations where valid and adequate ambient monitored data are
available they should be used in addition to model estimates. In most
instances the monitoring information is not of sufficient duration to
be representative- of long term averages (it usually represents few
hourly or dally averages). If this monitored data exceeds the AAL, a
worst ease annual impact (C ) can be estimated from C - C /10,
. where- C is the <**!m? short term concentration observed luring
worst case conditions of operations and meteorology. If C exceeds
the AAL then the Impact Analysis personnel should be contacted for
possible inclusion- of site-specific considerations.
5) Short Term Impacts-
Due- to che nature of the definition of an AAL, the above screening
procedures emphasize- the average annual impacts and not short term
effects. However, it should be- noted that for the most part the
procedures indirectly provide for a, margin of protection against
adverse shore term- impacts. This is based on the consideration that
if aimual impacts are less than 1/300 of the TLV (for high and
moderate- toxielty contaminants), then the short term impacts will most
likely be- less than the TL7. The latter conclusion is supported by
comparison of refined model estimates, of maT-lmmi 1 hour to annual con-
centration* where the- ratio of 1 hour to annual impacts rarely exceeds
300.
For low* toxlcity contaminants it does noc always follow that the short
term- impact: will meet the TLV if the anniia 1 impact is less than 1/50
of the- AAL* Thus, a model estimate might be appropriate to define
worse case shore term impacts. Ic should be noted that a review of
monitoring data from, various sites in the state (including isolated as
well as multiple sources), indicate that even the 1/50 factor could be
adequate- in protecting against adverse short term impacts if the
annual estimates; meee che AAL.
6) Source- Heights Below 33 Feet (10m)
The- smallest effective stack, height (h ) for which Figure 1 was
developed is 33 feet (10 meters). The graph can be extrapolated co
h values below this, but care must be exercised in interpreting the
resultant impacts. Ac stack heights lower that 33 feet this method
will tend to overestimate impacts (dotted, line), yielding very
A.1-22
AIB GUIDE-1 pmsw 1/85
-------
-21-
conservative results. Also, for these small h values Che maximum
impact will most likely occur within the 330 feet downwind distance
noted in point (2) above which may be on plant property. In that
situation, ie nay be prudent to assume h * 33, which yields a
concentration (dashed line) which is useful, in the estimation of
off-site impacts.
7) Area Source Versus Multiple Point Sources
The decision between treating multiple emissions as point or area
sources is dependent on specific source-receptor considerations. In
general, if: (a) the emissions are from elevated sources, i.e.
greater than 65 feet and/or (b) emissions are over small areas, i.e. a
single building of less than 330 feet horizontal length, and (c) the
receptors of interest are at a downwind distance greater than the size
of the area of the emissions, then multiple point source representa-
tion is more applicable. However, in these instances the simpler area
source method can still be used recognizing chat the resultant impacts
will be- overly conservative relative to the refined multiple point
source- modeling.
3) Multiple Point Source Impacts
4 first step in the determination of. multiple point source impacts is
the application of the; single point source screening steps to each
source; and the- subsequent summation of all nta-H1*"1* impacts. For
situations where the. multiple sources are within the same facility and
there are sources of similar emission parameters, these sources can be
represented by a single- point source- with the combined emission rate
representing Q in Section 1.4)a.4, page- 15. If the multiple sources
represent different facilities within the same geographical area, then
the maximum' combined impacts should be determined for sources only
within about 3 miles of the- main source* being analyzed.
9) A. Typical Emissions and Meteorology
The annual average impacts determined by the screening method are most
appropriate- for continuous emissions which are not solely dependent on
specific meteorological parameters» such as volatile emissions at a
waste- disposal site which are ""^mn* under high ambient temperatures.
However, the- screening method still will give conservative impacts
under moat non-standard emission, conditions. In fact, for the above
example; the are* source- method will, give conservative impacts since
the £ factor used in Section- 1.3.2, Page 13, would be lower for
unstable atmospheric conditions which are associated with high ambient
temperatures* Is addition, near-field ground level source impacts are
controlled by mechanical turbulence generated by the earth's surface.
The area; source method might not be conservative enough if emissions
are controlled by stable nighttime (or other stably stratified)
atmospheric conditions.
A.1-23
GUIDE-1 REVISED L/85
-------
- 22 -
X
0.
o
o
UI
en
5
ui
3
M
1
a
§
5
S 3
i -" i>
«*. « 9 ^
.8
7
i
UI
X.
7
.8
(M
CO
la
z
a
bo
a
s
s
Ui
u»
u»
UI
I
O» h. <0
ci o ci ci ci ci
-------
- 23 -
\u;^t:.1VT-^i yj*--'*7
-.=fea!c==^s5ci
(T
UI
K
LU
O
iS
en
u.
O
-------
- 24 -
tfi
00
LU
1
LU
I
LU
LU
Lu
LU
Vta»
o
.1
a
o
"a
o
§
f
.o>
iT
A.1-26
-------
-25-
APPENDI2 B
TOXICITY CLASSIF.ICATIONS
High Toxicity Air Contaminant
Definition; Human carcinogens and other substances posing a
significant risk to humans.
Ch«"
-------
-26-
4. Other substances posing a health risk to humans: a) Those
chemicals chat when inhaled 'have caused significant chronic
adverse effects in test animals. In addition, they may be
strong irritants to sensitive members of the population at
concentrations equal to or below the TLV: or, b) Those chemi-
cals having an acute toxicity of:
(a) ID..(oral) is greater than 50 mg/kg but less
than 500 mg/kg.
(b) LC-Q(inhalation) is-greater than 200 ppm but
less than. 2000 ppm.
(c) ID-.(dermal) is greater than 200 mg/kg but less
than 1000 mg/kg.
Low Toxicity Air Contaminant
Definition; Those substances whose primary concern is as an
irritant. No confirmed carcinogenicity in animals.
Chemicals Assigned to Low Toxicity List;
1. So confirmed eareinosanicity: Those chemicals that have not
demonstrated carcinogenicity in test animals.
Z. Irritants; Those- chemicals that night cause mild irritation to
sensitiv* members of the. population at concentrations below the
TLV, and have no evidence- of advers* effects due to chronic
exposure.
ay continuous inhalation exposure for one hour (or less if death
occurs within one hour). Bef: See page 25.
A.1-28
ATa GUTDE-L
-------
-27-
03
a
at
i-
co
GO.
ca
a
1
Qhl
a
HI
au
O
ca
S
i
-
s
s
a
Q I
-
? 23
» « u
? £55
009
IT I
?r
23
*
II
23
11
55
OZON*
OTOCUEMICAL
0« HUNTS)
I
3
l
KOCEM
0K1DI
1
s
a
e
to
to
U
X
52
in s
a
*ir .
3> 2
hi i
-:=?" i
i !:-i
a o g*^
j » « a a
S 5*> a »
a a 2 a too
aa as a1 2
*:stii
j25SSi
525 «to a
* 3 4« a a
3^sSra
u
3 to
s 1
u
to
a
S
i- i
u *»
s J
a *
I I
s i
- 3
»»>*» o
iMa ~ 7
e 3
gS-7
a - M
fa a>^ av c M
itraaa?. x-a a
a -» a to
a to 3 » a a .
5 - i S 5 3
a s a » a u M
a a a a « a a
at a.
rji-J
s a
it!
41
a
t
ai
a
A.1-29
-------
-28-
TABLE IA
NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOB HAZARDOUS
AI2 POLLUTANTS (NESHAPS)
ABSENIC
ASBESTOS1
BENZENE (Fugitive Emission Sources)
BERYLLIUM
ME2CUBT
HADIONUCLIDES
VINYL CHLOBIDE
Appropriate standards for each, of eh* above are found in 40 CFS 61.
See Asbestos listing Table II, page 29.
A.1-30
AIB GUTDE-i - Revised 1/85
-------
High
Compound
Chemical Name
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Aldicarb
p-Aminodiphenyl
Arsenic
Arsenic peneoxide
Arsenic erioxide
Asbestos (5)
Auramine
Benzene
Benzidine
Beryllium oxide
(As Beryllium* See
Tables I & LA)
Beryllium, sulfate
Cadmium. ( dus t
sales) as Cd
Cadmium- oxid*
Cadmium sulfata-
Carbon- tetrachlorid*
bis-ChloromethyL ether
Chromium TT Compounds
(note: CAS listed assigned
to metallic chromium)
Oibromeethaae
(Ethylene dibromide)
3,3* -Dlchlorobenzidine
AI5 GUTDE-L
-29-
TABLZ II
Toxicity Air Contaminants
CAS Threshold Limit
Registry Value (1) (TLV's)
Number PPM mg/m3
107-02-3 0.1 0.25
107-13-1 2.0 4.5
116-06-3
92-* 7-1
7440-38-2 - 0.2
1303-28-2
1327-53-3
1332-21-4- 2 Fibers > 5 um/cc
2465-27-2
71-43-2 10 30
92-87-5
1304-56-9 - .001
i
13510-49-L - .002
7440-43-9 - 0.05
1306-19-0 - 0.05
10124-36-4 - 0.005
56-23-5 5 30
542-88-L 0.001 0.005
7440-47-3 - 0.05
106-93-4-
91-94-1
A.l-31
AAL(2)
Recommended
ug/m3
0.83(T)
15.0(T)
2.0(DOH/R)
(HA2)(3)
0.67(T)
see (4)
see (4)
see (4)
100. (T)
(HAZ)
.007(T)
.007(1)
2.0(DOH/R)
0.167(T)
0.167(T)
100 (T).
0.017(T)(aA2)
O.L67CT)
see- (4)
O.KDOH/H)
Revised 1/85
-------
-30-
TABL2 II
High Toxicity Air Contaminants (cont.)
Compound
Chemical Natn*
Dimethyl sulfata
Ethyleneiaine
Ethylene oxide
Formaldehyde
Hydrazine and
its acid salts
L«ad arsenata
Ma thy lane- bisphenyl isocyanate
(Diphanylaethane-4 ,
4-diisocyanate) (DMI)
Methyl isocyanata(MIC)
3-Naphthylamin*
Nickel (metal and insoluble
compounds)
Nickel carbonyl
Nickel oxide
Nickel sulfide, as Ni
4-NitrodiphenyL
Nitrogen, mtatard
Nitrosodiaethylaain*
Cdimethylnitroaoamine)
?arathion
Polychlorinated
CAS
Registry
Number
77-78-1
151-56-4
75-21-6
50-00-0
302-01-2
7784-40-9
»
101-63-3
624-63-9
91-59-6
7440-02-2
13463-39-3
1313-99-1
12035-72-2
92-93-3
5L-75-2
62-75-9
56-38-2
1336-36-3
Threshold Limit
ValueUJ (TLV's)
PPM ag/m3
0.1 0.5
0.5 1.0
1.0 2.0
1 1.5
0.1 0.1
0.15
CO. 02 C0.2(7)
0.02 0.05
-
1.0
0.05 0.35
1.0
1.0
-
- -
-
0.1
0.5
AAL(2)
Recommended
ug/a3
1.67(T)
3.3(T)
6.67(T)
5(T)<6>
0.33(T)
0.5(T)
0.67(T)
0.17(T)
(HAZ)
3.3(T)
1.17CT)
3.37(T)
0.1(DOH/R)(HA2)
(HAZ)
see (4)
se* (4)
0.33(T)
1.67(T)
biphenyls (PC3a)
(TIT assigned to Aroclor 1254)
Polyeyclic Organic Matter
(includes Benzo(a)Pyrene)
(8)
50-32-8
see (4)
A.1-32
AIR OTTD5-1
-------
-31-
TABLS II
High Toxicity Air Contaminants (cont.)
CAS Threshold Limit AAL(2)
Compound Registry Value(l) (TLV's) Recommended
Chemical Name Number P?M ag/m3 ug/a3
2,3,7,3-Tetrachloro- 5 1207-3 !-# - - se« (9)
dibenzofuran
b b
Total Tetrachlorinated 1 74^-0 I-/ - - see (9)
dibenzo-p-dioxins
(includes 2,3, 7,3TCTD)
Toluens-(2,4)-diisocyanate" 584-84-0 0.005 0.04 0.13(T)
(TDI)
Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 - - 0.4(DOH/R) (HAZ)
(Chloroethylene)
Vinyliden* chloride 75-35-4 5 20 . 66. 7 (T)
( 1 , 1-Dichloroethylene)
NOTE: Radioactive- materials are not included in this Cable as they are regulated by
Part 380 of DEC'* Rules- and iegulatlons.
Table II Footnotes:
1 1984-85 AGGIE values.
. 2 AAL, "Acceptable Ambient Level", source:
(T) - Interim AAL derived from ACGIH TWA-TLV
(OOH) - Contaminanc specific AAL determined by NTS DOE Bureau of Toxic
Substance- Assessment;
(DOH/H) Contaminant specific AAL currently under review by DOS.
. (DEC) - Contaminant specific AAL determined, by NTS DEC, Division of Air
Resources, Bureau of Air Toxics, Toxics Assessment Section.
3 (HAZ) - "Eumaxt Carcinogens. Substances, or substances associated with
industrial, prdcessesses recognized to have carcinogenic potential without an
assigned TL7. . . for* [these noted] substances,... no exposure or contact by
any route- - respiratory, skin or oral, as detected by che oast sensitive
methods - shall b* permiteed." From: "TLV'g, Threshold Limit Values for
Chemical Substances. ..ACGIH for 1984-85", Appendix A - Carcinogens, Table
Alb., page 41»
4 No chemical specific TL7 or AAL available at this time, see "Elgh toxicity
Air Contaminants," pages 2 and 3, for guidance.
5 OSEA temporary- Standard: 0.5 fibers per c.c. (see Fed. Reg-., 43, No. 215,
page 51086> 1983). Not applicable to sources subject to NESHAFS.
6 Interim, formaldehyde AAL of 5 ug/m3 calculated from AGL guidance for High
Toxicity Air Contaminants, section I, paragraph 3, page 3. This interim
valuer replaces previously listed AAL of 2.0 ug/m3. NTSDOH to provider a,
chemical specific formaldehyde AAL by 4/1/86.
A.1-33
Ala GCTDE-1 Revised 1/85
-------
-32-
7 "C" denotes ACGIH TLV-C,"calling limit". "The concentration chat should not
b« exceeded even instantaneously".
8 Containing large amounts of naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, and acridine.
9 NOTE: NYSDOH has determined that for "AAL's for dioxins... Basing an
acceptable ambient level on only total TCDD's as is now done in 'Air
Guide-1' (1984 and earlier editions) does not adequately represent
public health risks for the dioxin compounds... Health risks posed by
emissions of chlorinated dioxins and the closely related chlorinated
furans should be evaluated on a case by case basis taking into
consideration specific isomers of each family of compounds."
Based on the above statement by NYSDOH; noting the legislative mandate
for DOE to develop resource recovery related standards (including TCDD &
TCD?); and OCR's April- I, 1986 deadline for such standards, DEC is
withdrawing the. 9.2x10 ug/m3, "Hernandez," TCDD interim AAL* ac this
time.
Emission sources of chlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzodioxins will be
reviewed on a case, by case basis by DOH until the standards are
promulgated. Direct all inquiries on this matter to the Toxics
Management Section of DEC.
* EPA's Interim Evaluation of Health Risks Associated with Emissions
of Tecrachlorinated. Dioxins from Municipal Waste Recovery
Facilities, November 1981.
A.1-34
AEJ GUIDE-I Bevlsed 1/85
-------
Compound-(ORGANICS)
Chemical Nam*
Ac«tald*hyd«
Acctaaid*
Ac*tic anhydrid*
2-Acetylaminofluoran*
Acrylamid*
Acrylic acid
Allyl chlorid* (3-Chl<
Anilin*
p-Aniaidin»
Arsla*
B«nzyl chlorid*
Biph«nyl
Butan«thioi (Butyl Mcrcaptan)
a-Sucylanin*
Carbon black
Carbon, diaulfid*
Calordan*
Calord«con* (K«pon*)
«-dloroacetoph«non*
(Pn«nacyl chlorid*)
pChloroanilin*
Colorob«nzen* (monoct
Chloroform
AI5 GHIDE-1
-33-
TABLE III
Mod*rat« Toxicity Organic Air
CAS
i) Registry
Number
73-07-0
60-35-5
108-24-7
53-96-3
79-06-1
79-10-3
iro l-prop«n*) 107-05-1
62-53-3
104-94-9
7784-42-L
100-44-7
92-52-4
captan) 109-79-5
109-73-9
1333-36-4
75-15-0
57-74-9
143-50-0
532-27-4.
106-47-3
.orob«nz«n») 108-90-7
67-66-3
A. 1-35
Contaminants
Threshold
Valu*su'
PPM
100
-
C5(4)
-
-
10
1
2
0.1
0.05
I
0.2
0.5
C5
-
10
-
-
0.05
-
75
10
Limit
(TL7'3)
ag/m3
180
-
C20
-
0.3
30
3
10
0.5
0.2
5
1.5
1.5
C15
3.5
30
0.5
-
0.3
-
350
50
AAL(2)
R*comm*nd*d
u«/m3
600 (T)
(*)»>
66. 7 (T)
(DM)
l.O(T)
. 100(T)
10(T)
0.4(DOH)
1.7(T)
0.67(T)
16. 7 (T)
5(T)
5(T)
50 (T)
11.7(T)
100 (T)
L.7(T)
(DM)
KT)
6.0(DOH/S)
1167 (T) .
167(T)
R«vis*d 1/85
-------
Moderate
Compound -(ORGAN 1C S)
Chemical Name
p-Chloronitrobenzene
o-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cyanamide
Cyanides (Aa CN)
Cyanic acid (Sodium Sale)
Cyanic acid (Potassium Sale)
Cyanoacetamide
Cyanogen (Oxalonitrile)
Diallyl amal eate
2,5-Oiamino toluene
Diazomethane-
o-Oichlorobenzene
1 , 2-Dichloroe thane
(Ethylene- Dichloride)
Dichlorome thane
(Methylene- Chloride-)
Dieehyl phthalate-
Diisodecyl phthalate
3,3* -Dlmethoxyfaenzidine-
(o-Dianisidine)
4-Dime thy laminoazobenzene
-34-
TABLZ III
Toxicity Organic Air
CAS
Registry
Number
100-00-5
95-48-7
108-39-4
106-44-5
420-04-2
57-12-5
917-61-3
590-28-3
107-91-5
460-19-5
999-21-3
95-70-5
334-88-3
95-50-1
107-06-2
75-09-2
34-66-2
26761-40-0
119-90-4-
60-11-7
A. 1-36
Contaminants ( cent . )
Threshold Limit
Values^' (TLV's)
PPM mg/m3
AAL(2)
Recommended
us/m3
(see p-Nicrochlorobenzene below)
5.0 22
5.0 22
5.0 22
2
5
see Cyanogen below
see Cyanogen below
see Cyanides above
10 20
-
-"
0.2 0.4
C50 C300
10 40
100 350
5
see- Dlethyl phthalate
-
73 (T)
73 (T)
73 (T)
6.7(T)
16. 7 (T)
66;7(T)
6 (DEC)
(DM)
1.3(T)
IjOOO(T)
0.20JOH/R)
1167. (T)
16.7(T)
above
0.2(DOH/R)
(DM)
"
AI2.
i/as
-------
-35-
TABLE III
Compound-(ORGANICS)
Chemical Name
Dimethyl carbamoyl chlorld*
1,1-Dimethyl hydrazin*
a-Dinitrobenzene
Dlactyl phthalate (DO?)
p-Dloxane
Diphenyl hydrazin*
Eplehlorohydrin
(1-Chloro2,3epoxy propane)
Epoxypropane
(Propyl«n« oxide) '
Ethanethiol
(Ethyl mercaptan)
ff frfoaYiri 1 ami-rim.
Ethyl benzene
Ethyleaeglyeol Monopropyl ether
Formaa±d«
Formic acid
Furfural.
Furfuzyl alcohol
Glycidaldahyd*
Hcpeachlor
H«xachlorob«nz«n*
Hxachlorobutadi*n»
Hftxachlorocyclohcxan*
.(1,2,3,4,5,6, H«xacfalorocyclohexan«)
AIS GUIDE-L
Organic Air
CAS
Registry
Number
79-44-7
57-14-7
99-35-0
117-51-7
123-91-1
122-66-7
106-89-3
75-56-9
75-08-1
141-43-5
10Q-41-4
2807-30-9
75-12-7
64-13-6
98-01-1
98-00-0
765-34-4
76-44-3
118-74-1
87-63-3
319-34-6
Contaminants (cone.)
Threshold Limit
Values u; (TLV's)
PPM mg/m3
-
0.5
0.15
-
1
1
ace Diethylphthalata
25
see Dimethyl
2
20
0.5
3
90
AAL(2)
Recommended
us/m3
(DM)
3.3(1)
3.3CT) *
above
300 (T)
hydrazine above
10
50
1
3
100 435
-
20
5
2
10
-
0
-
0.02 0.
-
30
9
3
40
-
.5
-
24
Se* a Lindane, page
33. 3 (T)
167(T)
3.3(T)
26. 7 (T)
1450 (T)
70 (DEC)
100 (T)
30(T)
26. 7 (T)
133 (T)
(DM)
U7(T)
(DM)
0.8(T)
36
A.1-37
Revised 1/35
-------
Moderate
Compound- ( ORGANICS )
Chemical Name
Hexachlorocyclopentadie&e
Hexachloronap thalene
Haxamechyl phosphoramide
Hydrogen cyanide
(Hydrocyanic acid)
Hydrogen Fluoride
Hydroqui&one
Isophorone
laopropyl Alcohol
Isopropylamine-
Ketan*
a-Lindan*
Y-Lindane-
M^ia^hlon
Maleic anhydride
Mercury (organic)
(uon-NESHAPS sources)
2-Methojcyethanol
(Methyl ceilosolve)
Mechylamine-
Methyl chloromethylether
4,4'-Methylen* dianilin*
Methylethyl ketone (MEEC)
-36-
TABLZ III
Toxicity Organic Air
CAS
Registry
Number
77-47-4
1335-S7-1
680-31-9
74-90-8
7664-39-3
123-31-9
78-59-1
67-63-0
75-31-0
463-51-4
319-64-6
58-89-9
121-75-5
108-31-6
7439-97-*
109-86-4
74-89-5
107-30-2
101-77-9
78-93-3
Contaminants
Threshold
Values UJ
PPM
0.01
-
-
CIO
C3
-
C5
400
5
0.5
-
-
-
0.25
-
5
10
-
0.1
200
(cont.)
Limit
(TLV's)
mg/m3
0.1
0.2
-
CIO
C2.5
2
C25
980
12
0.9
0,5
0.5
10
1
0.05
16
12
-
0.8
590
AAL<2)
Recommended
u*/m3
0.33(T)
0.67(T)
(DM)
33 (T)
8. 3 (DEC)
6.67(T)
83. 3 (T)
3267 (T)
40 (T)
3.33(T)
1.67(T)
1.67(T)
33. 3 (T)
3.3(T)
0.167CT)
53. 3 (T)
40. (T)
(DM)
2.67(T)
1967(T)
A.1-38
AH GUIDE-L
1/SS
-------
Moderate
Compound- (ORGANICS )
Ch*n*ical Name
Methyl hydraziae
. (monomethyi hydrazine)
Methyl iaobucyl ketone
Methyl mercaptaa
Methyl methacrylate
Mirex
Monochlorobenzene
Monomethyi hydrazine
Naphthalene
a-Naphthylaaine
Nitrilotriacatic acid
p-JH frnan-n, {«
Nitrobenzene-
Nitroglycerine
p-Nitrochlorobenzen*
p-Nitrophenol
1-Nitropropane.
Nitroso-n-methylure*
p-Nitrosophenol
p-Nitrotoluene
Octachloronaphthalene-
Oil Mist (Mineral)
Oxalic acid
-37-
TABLE III
Toxicity Organic Air
CAS
Registry
Number
60-34-4
108-10-1
74-93-1
30-62-6
2385-85-5
108-90-7
60-34-4
91-20-3
134-32-7
139-13-9-
100-01-6
98-95-3
55-63-0
100-00-5
100-02-7
108-03-2
684-93-5
104-91-6
99-99-0
2234-13-1
8012-95-1
144-62-7
Contaminants (cont.)
Threshold Limit
Values U; (TLV's)
T>V%f M** /««3
rrn m?/ai
CO. 2 CO. 35
50 205
0.5 ' 1.0
100 410
-
See chlorobenzene
AAL(2)
Recommended
us/m3
1.17(T)
683(T)
3.3(T)
1367 (T)
(DM)
above
See methyl hydraziae above
10 50
-
3
1 5
0.05 0.5
. 1
-
25 90
-
-
2 11
0.1
«» 5
L
166. 7(T)
(DM)
(DM)
6.0(DOH/R)
16.7(1)
1.47
3.3(T)
(DM)
300 (T)
(DM)
(DM)
36.7(1)
0.33(1)
16.7(1)
3.3(1)
AI2 GUIDE-L
A.1-39
Revised 1/85
-------
Compound-(OSGANICS)
Chemical Same
Paraquat
P entachloropfaeno1
Perchloroethylene
Petroleum distillates
Phenol
p-Phenylene diamine
Fhenylhydrazine
Phosgene
Phosphine
Picric acid
Propane sultan*
B-?ropiolactone
Pyrethria
Pyrethrum.
Quinoline:
Quinon*
Eocenone- (commercial)
S Gyrene-, monomer
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
(Perchloroethylene)
Thiourea
Toluene-(2,4)-diamine
-38-
TABLE III
Moderate Toxicity Organic Air
CAS
i) Registry
Number
MBIB^^MMM
1910-42-5
87-86-5
L27-18-4
8002-05-9
108-95-2
106-50-3
100-63-0
75-44-5
7803-51-1
88-89-L
1120-71-4
57-57-8
121-29-*
8003-34-7
91-22-5
106-51-4
83-79-4
100-42-5
lane- 79-34-5
127-18-4-
62-56-6
95-80-7
A. 1-40
Contaminants ( cont . )
Threshold Limit
Values U' (TLV's)-
PPM ms/m3
0.1
0.5
AAL(2)
Recommended
u«/m3
0.33(T)
1.67(T)
See tatracfaloroe thy lane below
-
5 19
0.1
5 20
0.1 0.4
0.3 0.4
0.1
-
0.5 1.5
See Pyre thrum
- . 5.
-
0.1 0.4
5
50 , 215
1 7
50 335
-
-
(DM)
10.0 (DOE)
0.33(T)
66. 7 (T)
1.33(T)
1.33(T)
0.33(T)
(DM)
5.0(T)
16.7(T)
(DM)
1.33(T)
1.67(T)
716(T)
23.3(T)
1116(T)
(DM)
(DM)
AI2 GUIDE-L
-------
Moderate Toxlcit?
Compound- ( ORGAHICS )
Chemical Name
o Toluidiae
Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene)
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1, 2-Trichloroethane
Tr ichlo roe thy lene
tfr ethane
(Carbanic acid)
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl fluoride
o-Xylen*
(note: CAS 1300-20-7 assigned to
sized isomer xy lanes)
a-Xylene
p-Xylen»
Zylidine
-39-
TABLE III
Organic Air
CAS
Registry
Number
95-53-4
8001-35-2
120-82-1
79-00-5
79-01-6
51-79-6
593-60-2
75-02-2
95-47-6
108-38-3
' 106-42-3
1300-73-8
Contaminants (cont.)
Threshold Limit
Values U; (TLV's)
PPM ng/m3
2 9
0.5
C5 C40
10 45
50 270
-
5 20
See Vinyl bromide
100 435
100 435
100 435
2.0 10
AAL(2)
Recommended
u*/m3
30(T)
1.67(T)
133 (T)
150 (T)
900 (T)
(DM)
66. 7 (T)
1450 (T)
1450(1)
1450 (T)
33.3 (T)
Ala GCIDE-l
A.l-41
Revised 1/35
-------
Moderate
Compound-(INORGANICS)
Chemical Nan*
Ammonium bromide
Antimony
Antimony trioxide
Bariixa.
Barium sulf ate
Bromine
Cadmium, chloride
(as Cd sale)
Chlorine
Chlorine, dioxide.
Cobalt
Cobalt oxide
Cobalt sulfide
Fluorine
Lead acetate
Mercury (inorganic)
(non-NESHAPS sources)
Phosphorous (yellow)
Selenium
Selenium sulfide
Thallium^
Thallium oxide
-40-
TABLE III
Toxicity Inorganic
CAS
Registry
Number
12124-97-9
7440-36-0
1309-64-4
7440-39-3
7727-43-7
7726-95-6
LO 108-44-2
7782-50-5
10049-04-4
7440-43-4.
1307-96-6
1317-42-6
7782-41-4
1335-32-6
7439-97-6
7723-14-0
"7782-49-2
7488-56-4
7440-28-0
1314-32-5
Air Contaminants
Threshold Limit
Values1" ' (TLV's)
PPM ms/m3
-
0.5
0.5
0.5
-
0.1 0.7
0.05
1 3
0.1 0.3
0.1
- -
-
1 2
-
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
- - 0.1
0.1
AAL(2)
Recommended
us/m3
30.0 (DEC)
0.67(T)
0.67(T)
0.67(T)
(DM)
2.33(T)
1.67(T5
10 (T)
KT)
0.33(T)
(DM)
(DM)
6.7(T)
(DM)
0.33(T)
0.33(T)
0.66(T)
0.660T)
0.33(T)
0.33(T)
A.1-42
AIR OTIDE-1
Revised 1/35
-------
-41-
TABL£ III
Moderate Toxicitty Inorganic Air CoatJ»«Hnants (cont.)
Compound- (INORGANICS)
Chemical Kant
Thallium (I) selenite
Thallium sulfate
Zinc bromide
Zinc chloride (fume)
Zinc oxide (fume)
CAS
Registry
Numb«r
12039-52-0
7446-18-6
7699-45-8
7646-85-7
1314-13-2
Threshold Limit
Values u' (TLV's)
P?M mg/m3
0.1
0.1
-
1
5
AALV '
Recoamended
ug/m3
0.33CT)
0.33CT)
3.0 (DEC)
3.3(T)
16.7(T)
1984-35 ACGI3 values.
* 'AAL, "Accepcable Ambient Level/' source:
(T) - Interim AAL derived from ACGIH TWA-TLV, see text, page 4.
(DOE) - Contaminant specific AAL determined by NTS DOH, Bureau
of Toxic Substance Assessment;
(DOH/R) - Contaminant specific AAL currently under ravlav by OOH.
(DEC) Contaminant specific AAL determined by NTS DEC, Division
of Air Resources, Bureau of Air Toxics, Toxics Assessment Section.
(DM) denotes "de minimus" Interim AAL of 0.03 ug/m3 is recommended for use with
Appendix A screening methodology. No chemical specific TL7 or AAL is
(4),
(5)
(6)
(7)
available ac this cine.
'C" denotes ACGIH TL7-C, "celling !*«**:"- "The concentration that should
not be- exceeded, eves instantaneously."
The higher degree of toxicity is. due- to isopropyl oil, a common
manufacturing by-product.
Oil Hist (mineral) as sampled by a method which does not collect vapor.
The- TL7 of 0.1 mg/m3 is- for soluble-, thallium compounds, as Tl. Thallium
readily oxidizes in air at room temperature-.
A.1-43
AIB GUIDE-1
Revised 1/35
-------
-42-
TABLE 17
Lov Toacieity Organic Air
Compound-(ORGANICS)
Chemical Warn*
Acetone
Acatonitrila
a-3utyl acetate
a-Bucyl alcohol
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Chloromethane
(Methyl chloride)
Cyclohexane
Diechyl ether
(1,1'-Oxybia-ethane)
Oioctyl sebacat*
Echyl acataca-
Ethyl chlorid*
Ethyl athar
(Diachyl athar, achars)
Glycarin Miat(55
Glycol monoachylathar
(2-Sthoxyachanol)
n-aapcana
laoaayl ac«cat*
laoamyl alcohol
Isobticyl acatata-
Pyridla*
Sasorcinol
CAS
Raglatry
Numbar
67-44-1
75-05-8
123-56-4
71-36-3
85-68-7
74-57-3
110-82-7
60-29-7
122-62-3
141-78-6
75-00-3
60-29-7
56-31-5
110-80-5
142-82-5
123-92.-2
123-51-3
110-19-0
110-86-1
108-46-3
A. 1-44
Threshold Limit
ValuasU; (TL7'3)
PPM mg/m3
750 1780
40 70
150 710
C50(3) C150
5(4)
50 105
300 1050
(Se* Ethyl athar,
-
400 1400
1000 2600
400 1200
10
5 9
400 1600
100 525
100 360
150 700
5 15
10 45
AAL(2)
Saconmandad
ug/m3
35600(1)*
1400 (T)
14200 (T)
3000 (T)
100 (T)
2100 (T)
21000 (T)
below)
80.0 (DEC)
28000 (T)
52000 (T)
24000 (T)
200 (T)
180(T)
32000 (T)
10500 (T)
7200 (T)
14000 (T)
2.00X3H/3)
900 (T)
AI5 GUIDE-1
aavisad 1/35
-------
-43-
TABLE IV
Low Toxicity Organic Air Contaminants (cone.)
CoJSpotind-(OHGANICS)
Chamical Name
Tacrahydrofuran
Toluana
(Toluol)
1,1,1-Trichloroachana 71-35-6 350 1900 38000(T)
(Machyl chloroform)
Turpantina 8006-64-2 LOO 560 11200(T)
Orea 57-13-6 - - (DM)
* NOTE; 1000 ug/m3 - 1 mg/m3
CAS
Basis cry
Number
109-99-9
108-88-3
Thrashold Limit
ValuasU; (TLV's)
PPM m«/m3
200 590
100 375
AAL(2)
SacotBmaadad
ug/m3
11800 (T)
7500(T)
A.1-45
AIR GUIDE-1 Ravisad 1/85
-------
Compound-(INOHGANICS)
Ch«mical Name
-44-
TABLE IV
Low Toxicity Inorganic Air Contaminants
CAS
Registry
Number
Ammon
7664-41-7
Copper, (fume) . 7440-50-8
Copper, (dusts and mists, as Cu) 7440-50-8
Hydrogen bromide 10035-10-6
Hydrogen chloride 7647-01-0
Iodine 7553-56-2
Nitric acid 7697-37-2
Zinc 7440-66-6
Threshold
Values UJ
PPM
25
-
-
C3
C5
CO.l
2
Limit
(TLV's)
mg/m3
18
0.2
1
CIO
C7
Cl
5
(2)
Recommended
ug/m3
360(T)
4(T)
20 (T)
200(T)
140(T)
20 (T)
100 (T)
(2)
1984-85 ACGIS values.
AAL, "Acceptable Ambient Level," source:
(T) - Interim. AAL derived from ACGIH TWA-TLV.
(DOH) - Contaminant specific AAL determined by NYS DOE, Bureau of
Toxic Substance Assessment;
(DOH/R) Contaminant .specific AAL currently under review by OOH.
(DEC) - Contaminant specific AAL determined by NYS DEC, Division
of Air Resources, Bureau of Air Toxics, Toxics Assessment Section.
"C" denotes ACCH TLT-C, "ceiling limit". "Th* concentration chat should
act be> exceeded even instantaneously." - 1984-85 ACGIH TL7 booklet.
TLT assigned to Diethyl phthalate.
See "Appendix D - Some- Nuisance- Particulates,." page 50; and "Notice of
Intended Changes (for 1984-85)"", page 36 and especially page 40 ("Generic
Listing.") , of the- 1984-35 ACGIH TL7 booklet.
(DM) denotes "d* minimus-"' Interim- AAL of 0 . 03 ug/m is recommended for use
with Appendix A screening; methodology. No chemical specific TL7 or AAL is
available at this tim*.
(3)
(4)
(5)
A.1-46
AIS GUTDE-L
.--» 1 /9V
-------
Acetaldehyde
Acetamlde
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrlle
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acroleln
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Aldicarb
Ally! aldehyde
(See Acrolein)
Allyl chloride
(3-Chlorol-propene)
Aminobenzene
(See Aniline)
p-Aminodipheny1
Ammonium bromide
Aniline
pAnisidlne
Antimony
Antimony crioxide
Arsenic
-45-
GTOEX
TABLE
III
III
III
IV
17
III
II
III
III
II
II
III
II
17
III
III
III
III
III
II
PAGE
33
33
33
42
42
33
29
33
33
29
29
33
29
44
40
33
33
40
"
40
29
TABLE
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic crioxide
Arsine
Asbestos IA &
Auramine
Barium
Barium sulfaca
Benzene
Benzidine
Benzidine, 3 , 3 ' -dimethoxy-
(See o-Dianisidine)
Benzyl chloride
Benzo(a)pyrene
(See polycyclic
organic matter)
Beryllium I &
Beryllium oxide
Beryllium sulfate
Blphenyl
Bis-Chloromethylether
Bromine
Bromoethylene
(See; Vinyl bromide)
Bueanethlol
(Bucyl Her cap can)
n-Butyl acetate
n-3tttyl alcohol
II
II
III
II
II
III
III
II
II
III
II
IA
II
II
III
II
III
III
17
17
PAGE
29
29
33
28 & 29
29
40
40
29
29
33
27
27 & 28
29
29
33
29
40
33
42
42
AH GUIDE-I
A.1-47
RZ7ISED 1/85
-------
-46-
DIDE2 (coat.)
TABLE
o-Butylamine
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Cadmium
(dust & salts) as Cd
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium oxide
Carbamic acid
(See lire thane)
Carbon black.
Carbon disulf ide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlordane
*
Chlordekon* (kepone)
Chlorine*
Chlorine dioxide
L-Chloro 2, 3-epoxypropane
(See Epichlorohydrin)
a-Chloroacatophenon*
(Fhenacyl chloride)
p^^l^oT-nanll.lTt*
Chlorobenzen*
(monochlorobenzene)
Chloroethylene-
(Se* Vinyl chloride)
Chloroform
Chloromethan*
(Methyl chloride) "
III
IV
II
III
II
II
III
III
I
II
III
III
in
in
in
in
in
in
IV
PAGE
33
42
29
40
29
29
33
33
27
29
33
33
40
40
33
33
33
33
42
bis-Colormethyl ather
P-Chloronitrobenze
3-Chloro-l-propene
(See All/1 chloride)
Chromium VI compounds
Cobalt
Cobalt oxide
Cobalt sulfide
Copper
o-, a-, and p , Cresols
Cyanamide
Cyanic acid
(Sodium salt)
Cyanic acid
(Potassium salt)
Cyanides (as CN)
Cyanoacetamide
Cyanogen (oxalonitrile)
Cyciohexan*
Diallylamaleate
2.,5-Diamino toluene-
o-Dianisidine -
(3*3* -Dlmethoxybenzene)
Diaz one Chan*
Dibromoethane-
(Ethylene dibromide)
o-Dichloro b enz en*
3-3-' -Dichlorobenzidine
TABLE
II
III
III
II
III
III
III
IV
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
IV
III
III
III
III
II
III
II
PAGE
29
34
33
29
40
40
40
44
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
42
34
34
34
34
29
34
29
A.1-48
-------
-47-
OTDEX (cont.)
TABLE
I , 2-Dichloroe thane
(Ethylene Dichlorlde)
1 , 1-Dichloroethylene
(See 7inylidene chloride)
*
Dichlorome thane
(Me thy lane chloride)
Diethyl ether
Diethyl phthalata
Diisodacyl phthalata
3,3* -Oiaethoxybenzidine
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene-
Dimethyl carbamoyl
chloride
1 , 1-Oimethyl hydrazine
Dimethyl aulfate
n-Qinitrobenzene-
"*
Dioctyl phthalata- (DOP)
.
Dioctyl sefaacate
p-Dioxane
Dlphenyl hydrazine
Di hen lm.thane-4 4'
diiaocyanat a (MDI)
EpichlorohydriniB*)
oro- r -epoxyprop**e
Epoxypropane-
(Propylan* oxide)
Fijh.ameiHgi
III
PAGE
34
Ethano lamina
2-Ethoxyethanol
TABLE
III
17
PAGE
35
42
(See Glycol monoechy lather)
III
17
III
III
III
III
III
III
II
in
in
17
in
in
ii
m
in
in
34
42
34
34
34
34
35
35
30
35
35
42
35
35
30
35
35 '
35.
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl chloride
Ethylene dibromide
(See Dibroaoethane)
Ethyleneglycol oonopropyl
ether
Ethylaneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl ether
Fluorides
Fluorine
Fluoroethylene
(See Vinyl fluoride)
Formaldehyde
Fomtanide
Formic acid
Furfural
Furruryl alcohol
Glycerin
Glyeidaldehyd*
Glycol monoethylether
( 2-Sthoxy e thanol )
17
III
17
III
II
II.
17
I
III
II
III
III
III
III
17
III
17
42
35
42
35
30
30
42
27
40
30
35
35
35
35
42
35
42
(Ethyl mercaptan)
Heptachlor
III
35
AI2 GUIDE-L
A.l-49
RE7ISED 1/85
-------
-48-
ODE2 (cont.)
n-Heptane
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiana
Hexachlorocyclohexane
(See Lindanes)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiane
Hexachloronapthalene
Hexamethyl phosphoramide
Hydrazine- and its
add sales
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogau chloride
Hydrogan cyanide:
(Hydrocyanic acid)
Hydrogen Fluoride
Hydrogan sulfid*
Hydro quinone-
lodise
Isoamyl acetate
laoamyl alchol
laobutyl aceca.ce
Isophorone-
Isopropyl alcohol
Isopropy lamina.
Sepon*
(Seer Chlordekone)
Katane-
Lead
IABL2
IV
III
III
III
III
III
III
'III
II
17
IT
III
III
t
nr
17
17
17
17
III
III
III
III
I
PAGZ
42
35
35
35
36
36
36
36
30
44
44
36
36
27
36
44
42
42
42
36
36
36-
36
27
A. 1-50
Lead acetate
Lead arsenace
a-Lindana
Y-Lindana
Malachion
Malaic Anhydride
Mercury (inorganic)
Mercury (NESHAPS)
Mercury (organic)
Mathy lamina
Methyl calloaolve
(2-Methoxyathanol)
Methyl chloride
(See- chlorooechane)
Methyl chloroform
TABLE
III
II
III
III
III
III
III
IA
III
III
III
17
17
PAGE
40
30
36
36
36
36
40
23
36
36
36
42
43
(Sa« 1,1,1-rrichloroethana)
Methyl chloroma thy lather
Methylene biapfaanyl
Isocyanaca (MDI)
Methylene chloride
(See- Dicnloromethane)
4,4-Methylana dianiline
Methyl ethyl katone
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate (MIC)
Methyl aercaptan
Methyl methacrylata
Mir ex
III
II
III
III
III
III
II
III
III
III
i
36
30
36
36
37
37
30
37
37
37
ATU '''II IMT,»l
-------
-49-
DIDEX (cont.)
Monochlorobenzene
Monomethyl hydrazine
Naphthalene
-------
Pyrethrum
Pyridine
Quinoline
Quinone
Resorcinol
Rocenone
Selenium
Selenium aulfide
Seyrene, monomer
Sulfur dioxide
2,3,7,3-Tetrachloro-
dibenzofuran
2,3,7,3-Tacrachloro-
diben2Opdioxin
(as cocal cetrachlorin
dibenzo-p-dioxina)
aced
1,1,1 Trichloroechane
(Methyl chloroform)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tatrachloroethylene
(Parchloroethylane)
Tatrahydrofuran
Thallium
Thallium oxide
Thallium (I) selenita
Thalium sulfate
Thiourea
Toluene (Toluol)
AIB GUIDE-1
-50-
UJDEX (cont.)
TABLE
III
17
" III
III
IV
III
III
III
III
I
II
II
17
III
III
.
17
III
III
III .
Ill
III
17
PAGE
38
42
38
38
42
38
40
40
38
27
31
31
43
38
38
43
40
40
4i
41
38
43
To luene (2,4) diamine
Toluene (2 , 4) diisocyanate
(TDI)
o-Toluidine
Toxaphene
(Chlorinated camphene)
1 , 2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1, 1-Trichloroechane
(Methyl chloroform)
1,1, 2-TrlchIoroeehane
Trichloroethylene
Turpentine
Urea
ffrethane
(Carbamic acid)
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
(Chloroethylane)
Vinyl fluoride
(Fluoroechylene)
Vinylidene chloride
( 1 , 1-Dichloroethylene)
o, a, and p-Xy lanes
lylidine
Zinc
Zinc bromide
Zinc chloride (fume)
Zinc oxide (fume)
TABLE
III
II
III
III
III
17
III
III
17
17
III
III
IA & II
III
II
III
III
17
III
III
III
PAGE
38
31
39
39
39
43
39
39
43
43
39
39
28 & 31
39
31
39
39
44
41
41
41
A.1-52
SE7ISED 1/85
-------
APPENDIX A.2
CHEMICAL HAZARD INFORMATION PROFILES
(Updated: 2/7/85)
-------
-------
Updated: 2/7/85
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AND CAS NO.
ACETALDEHYDE
75-07-0
ACETALDEHYDE-2
75-07-0
ACETONITRILE
75-05-8
ACROLEIN
107-02-3
107-02-8
ACRYLIC ACID
79-10-7
79-10-7
CHEMICAL HAZARD
INFORMATION PROFILES
THROUGH SEPTEMBER 28, 1984
(CHIPs AVAILABLE FROM TAO)
CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
ACETALDEHYDE
ACETALDEHYDE
ACETONITRILE
2-PROPENAL
ACROLEIN
2-PROPENOIC ACID
ACRYLIC ACID
ADIPATE ESTER PLASTICIZERS
NONE
103-22-1
105-97-5
105-99-7
105-99-7
106-19-4
110-29-2
110-22-7
123-79-5
141-04-3
141-17-3
141-28-6
151-32-6
627-93-0
349-99-0
1330-86-5
7790-07-0
10022-60-3
22707-35-3
25101-03-5
27178-16-1
ALKYL PHTHALATES
NONE
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
84-61-7
84-64-0
84-66-2
ADIPATE ESTER PLASTICIZERS
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DIDECYL ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DIBUTYL ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DIBUTYL ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DIPROPYL ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DECYL OCTYL ESTER
DI(2-HEXYLOXYETHYL)ADIPATE
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DIOCTYL ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, BIS(2-METHYLPROPYL) ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, BIS(2-(2-BUTOXYETHOXY)ETHYL)ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DIETHYL ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DINONYL ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DIMETHYL ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DICYCLOHEXYL ESTER
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DIISOOCTYL ESTER
DI(2-(2-ETHYLBUTOXY))ETHYL ADIPATE
DH2-ETHYLBUTYL) ADIPATE
N-HEXYL N-DECYL ADIPATE
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, POLYMER WITH 1,2-PROPANEDIOL
HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DIISODECYL ESTER.
ALKYL PHTHALATES
BUTYL ISODECYL PHTHALATE
HEXYL ISOOCTYL PHTHALATE
ISOOCTYL ISODECYL PHTHALATE
1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DICYCLOHEXYL ESTER
1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, BUTYL CYCLOHEXYL ESTER
1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DISTHYL ESTER
A.2-1
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AND CAS NO.
CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER
BIS(2-METHOXYETHYL) ESTER
84-69-5 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, 3IS(2-METHYL?ROPYL) ESTER
34-72-0 ETHYL PHTHALYL ETHYL GLYCOLATE
84-74-2 "1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIBUTYL ESTER
84-75-3 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIHEXYL ESTER
314-75.4 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DINONYL ESTER
84-78-6 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, BUTYL OCTYL ESTER
85-68-7 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, BUTYL PHENYLMETHYL ESTER
85-69-8 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, BUTYL 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER
85-70-1 1,2-3ENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, 2-BUTOXY-2-OXOETHYL BUTYL ESTER
85-71-2 METHYL PHTHALYL ETHYL GLYCOLATE
89-13-4 1,2-3ENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, 2-ETHYLHEXYL 3-METHYLNONYL ESTER
89-19-0 N-3UTYL N-DECYL PHTHALATE
117-81-7 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID,
117-82-8 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYL:C ACID,
117-83-9 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, BIS(2-BUTOXYETHYL) ESTER
117-84-0 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIOCTYL ESTER
119-06-2 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DITRIDECYL ESTER
119-07-3 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DECYL OCTYL ESTER
131-11-3 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIMETHYL ESTER
131-15-7 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, 3IS(1-METHYLHEPTYL) ESTER
131-17-9 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DI-2-PROPENYL ESTER
146-30-9 DIISOHEXYL PHTHALATE
3648-20-2 7,2-3ENZENEDICARBQXYLIC ACID, DIUNDECYL ESTER
5334-09-3 PHTHALIC ACID, CYCLOHEXYL ISOBUTYL ESTER
25724-58-7 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DECYL HEXYL ESTER
26761-4Q-0 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIISOOCTYL ESTER
27215-22-1 PHTHALIC ACID, BENZYL ISOOCTYL ESTER
27554-26-3 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIISOOCTL ESTER
28553-12-0 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIISONONYL ESTER
61702-31-6 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, HEXYL ISODECYL ESTER
1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, ISODECYL TRIDECYL ESTER
61886-60-0
ALKYLATED PHENOL SULFIDES
90-66-4
96-66-2
96-69-5
3818-54-0
3120-74-9
3294-03-9
7379-51-3
ALLYL CHLORIDE
107-05-1
107-05-1
PHENOL, 2,2'THIOBIS (6-( 1, 1-DIMETHYLETHYD-4-METHYL
PHENOL, 4,4'-THIOBIS(2-(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)-6-METHYL
PHENOL, 4,4'THIOBIS (2-(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)-5-METHYL
PHENOL, 4,4'-THIOBIS(3-(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)-5-METHYL
PHENOL, 3-METHYL-4-(METHYLTHIO)
PHENOL, 2,2f-THIOBIS(4-(1,1,3,3-TETRAMETHYLBUTYL)
PHENOL, 3,5-DIMETHYL-4-(METHYLTHIO)
1-PROPENE, 3-CHLORO-
ALLYL CHLORIDE
ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS
UNKNOWN ALUMINUM BIS (ACETYL SALICYLATE)
UNKNOWN ALUMINUM CALCIUM HYDRIDE
UNKNOWN DIISOBUTYL ALUMINUM HYDRIDE
97-93-8 ALUMINUM, TRIETHYL-
100-99-2 ALUMINUM, TRIS(2-METHYLPROPYL)-
139-12-8 ACETIC ACID, ALUMINUM SALT
142-03-0 ALUMINUM, 3IS(ACETATO-0)HYDROXY-
555-31-7 2-PROPANOL, ALUMINUM SALT
A.2-2
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AND :AS NO.
555-35-1
555-75-9
688-37-9
1318-16-7
1327-36-2
1327-41-9
13UU-28-1
7U29-90-5
7UU6-70-0
7784-18-1
7784-21-6
7784-25-0
7784-26-1
7784-30-7
10043-01-3
10043-67-1
10102-71-3
11121-16-7
12005-16-2
12005-48-0
12068-56-3
12656-43-8
13473-90-0
13771-22-7
15477-33-5
16853-85-3
18917-91-4
21645-51-2
AMINOANTHRAQUINONE
117-79-3
117-79-3
CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN rHI?
HEXADECANOIC ACID, ALUMINUM SALT
ETHANOL, ALUMINUM SALT
ALUMINUM OLEATE
BAUXITE
ALUMINOSILICATS
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE HYDROXIDE
ALUMINUM OXIDE
ALUMINUM
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE
ALUMINUM FLUORIDE
ALUMINUM HYDRIDE
SULFURIC ACID, ALUMINUM AMMONIUM SALT (2:1:1)
SULFURIC ACID, ALUMINUM AMMONIUM SALT (2:1:1), DODECAHYDRATE
PHOSPHORIC ACID, ALUMINUM SALT (1:1)
SULFURIC ACID, ALUMINUM SALT (3:2)
SULFURIC ACID, ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SALT (2:1:1)
SULFURIC ACID, ALUMINUM SODIUM SALT (2:1:1)
BORIC ACID, ALUMINUM SALT
ALUMINATE, SODIUM
ALUMINATE, SODIUM
ALUMINUM OXIDE SILICATE
ALUMINUM CARBIDE
NITRIC ACID, ALUMINUM SALT
ALUMINUM BOROHYDRIDE
ALUMINUM CHLORATE
ALUMINATE(1-), TETRAHYDRO-, LITHIUM, (T-4)-
ALUMINUM, THIS(2-HYDROXYPROPANOATO-O1,02)-
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE
9,10-ANTHRACENEDIONE, 2-AMINO-
AMINOANTHRAQUINONE
AMINO-9-ETHYL CARBAZOLE
132-32-1
132-32-1
o-AMINOPHENOL
95-55-6
67845-79-8
51-19-4
p-AMINOPHENOL
123-30-8
51-78-5
63084-98-0
AMINOUNDECANOIC ACID
2432-99-7
2432-99-7
ANILINE
62-53-3
62-53-3
ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE
9H-CARBA20L-3-AMINE, 9-ETHYL-
AMINO-9-ETHYL CARBAZOLE
o-AMINOPHENOL
o-AMINOPHENOL SULFATE
o-AMINOPHENOL HYDROCHLORIDE
p-AMINOPHENOL
p-AMINOPHENOL HCL
p-AMINOPHENOL 304
AMINOUNDECANOIC ACID
UNDECANOIC ACID, 11-AMINO-
ANILINE
BENZENAMINE
ANTIMONY OXIDE
A.2-3
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AND CAS MO.
AURAMINE
492-80-3
492-80-3
2465-27-2
AZOBENZENE
103-22-3
103-33-3
3ENZAL CHLORIDE
98-87-3
98-87-3
3ENZOTRICHLORIDE
98-07-7
98-07-7
3ENZOYL CHLORIDE
98-88-4
BENZYL ACETATE
1UO-11-4
BENZYL CHLORIDE
100-44-7
100-44-7
BIPHENYL
92-32-4
BISPHENOL A
80-05-7
80-05-7
BRILLIANT BLUE FCF
2650-18-2
2650-18-2
3844-45-9
BROMINE AND BROMINE
UNKNOWN
74-83-9
74-96-4
75-25-2
78-75-1
96-12-8
106-93-4
107-04-0
111-24-0
557-91-5
594-34-3
7926-95-6
BUTADIENE
106-99-0
BUTANOL (ISO)
78-83-1
78-83-1
:HEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
AURAMINE
3ENZENAMINE, 4,4-CARBONIMIDOYLBISCN,N-DIMETHYL-
BENZENAMINE, 4,4'-CARBONIMIDOYLBISCN,N-DIMETHYL-, MONOHYDROCHLO
AZOBENZENE
DIAZSNE, DIPHENYL-
3ENZAL CHLORIDE
BENZENE, (DICHLOROMETHYD-
3ENZENE, (TRICHLOROMETHYD-
BENZOTRICHLORIDE
3ENZOYL CHLORIDE
ACETIC ACID, PHENYLMETHYL ESTER
BENZYL ACETATE
BENZENE, (CHLOROMETYD-
3ENZYL CHLORIDE
1,1'-BIPHENYL
BISPHENOL A
PHENOL, 4 , 4'-(1-METHYLETHYLIDENE)BIS-
3ENZENEMETHANAMINIUM, N-ETHYL-N-(4-((4- E"HYL( (2-SULFOPHENYDME
BRILLIANT BLUE FCF (DIAMMONIUM SALT)
BENZENEMETHANAMINIUM, N-ETHYL-N-(4-( (U- ETHYL((2-SULFOPHENYDME
BRILLIANT BLUE FCF (DISODIUM SALT)
COMPOUNDS
1,1,2,2-TETRABROMOPENTANE
METHANE, BROMO-
ETHANE, BROMO-
METHANE, TRIBROMO-
PROPANE, 1,2-DIBROMO-
PROPANE, 1.2-DIBROMO-2-CHLORO-
ETHANE, 1,2-DIBROMO-
ETHANE, 1,BROMO-2-CHLORO-
PENTANE, 1,5-DIBROMO-
ETHANE, 1,1-DIBROMO-
PROPANE, 1.2-DIBROMO-2-METHYL-
BROMINE
1,3-BUTADIENE
1-PROPANOL, 2-METHYL-
BUTANOL (ISO)
A.2-4
-------
SUBJECT OF CHI?
AND CAS NO. CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
BUTYL BENZALDEHYDE
939-97-9 BENZALDEHYDE, 4-(i,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)-
939.97.9 BUTYL BENZALDEHYDE
BUTYL BENZOIC ACID
98-73-7 BENZOIC ACID, 4-(1,1,-DIMETHYLETHYL)-
98-73-7 BUTYL BENZOIC ACID
BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE
75-91-2 BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE
75-91-2 HYDROPEROXIDE, 1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL
3UTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE
128-37-0 PHENOL,2,6-BIS (1,1-DIMETHYL ETHYL)-4-METHYL
128-37-0 BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE
BUTYL TOLUENE
98-51-1 BENZENE, 1-(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)-4-METHYL-
98-51-1 BUTYL TOLUENE
C.I. DISPERSE YELLOW 3
2832-40-8 ACETAMIDE, N-(4-((2-HYDROXY-5-METHYLPHENYL)AZO PHENYD-
2832-40-8 DISPERSE YELLOW 3 (C.I.)
CARBON BLACK 1
1333-86-4 CARBON BLACK
CARBON BLACK 2
1333-86-4 CARBON BLACK
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
56-23-5 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
56-23-5 METHANE, TETRACHLORO-
CHLORONITROBENZENE (2-)
88-73-3 2-CHLORONITROBENZENE
CHLORONITROBENZENE (4-)
100-00-5 4-CHLORONITROBENZENE
CHLOROBENZOTRICHLORIDE (4-)
5216-25-1 BENZENE, 1-CHLORO-4-(TRICHLOROMETHYD-
5216-25-1 CHLOROBENZOTRICHLORIDE
CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
75-45-6 CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
75-45-6 METHANE, CHLORODIFLUORO-
CHLOROETHANE 1
75-00-3 CHLOROETHANE
75-00-3 ETHANE, CHLORO-
CHLOROETHANE 2
75-00-3 CHLOROETHENAE
75-00-3 ETHANE, CHLORO-
CHLOROETHYLENE
75-01-4 CHLOROETHYLENE
75-01-4 ETHENE, CHLORO-
CHLOROHYDRIN (ALPHA)
96-24-2 1,2-PROPANEDIOL, 3-CHLORO-
96-24-2 CHLOROHYDRIN (ALPHA)
CHLOROMETHANE
74-87-3 CHLOROMETHANE
74-87-3 METHANE, CHLORO-
CHLORO METHYETHYL 1 ETHER (BIS)
108-60-1 BISU-CHLORO-1-METHYETHYL) ETHER
A.2-5
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AND CAS NO.
CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHT?
COBALT NAPHTHENATE
NAPTHENIC ACIDS, COBALT SALTS
COBALT NAPHTHENATE
61789-51-3
61789-31-3
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
80-15-9 CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
80-15-9 HYDROPEROXIDE, 1-METHYL-1-PHENYLETHYL
CUTTING FLUIDS
NONE CUTTING FLUIDS
CYANURIC ACID AND CHLORINATED DERIVATIVES
1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2 , '4,5 (1H, 3H, 5H) -7RIONE,
1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2, 4,6(1H,3H,5H)-TRIONE
CYANURIC ACID
1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2,U,6(1H,3H,5H)-TRIONE,
MONOSODIUM CYANURATE
1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-TRIONE,
1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-TRIONE,
87-90-1
108-80-5
108-80-5
2244-21-5
2624-17-1
2782-57-2
2893-78-9
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
101-83-7
. 108-91-8
108-91-8
9^7-92-2
947-92-2
3129-92-8
3882-06-2
5U73-16-5
20227-92-3
20736-64-5
34067-50-0
34139-62-3
D AND C RED #9
5160-02-1
5160-02-1
1,3,5-THICHLORO-
1,3-DICHLORO-, POTASSIUM
1-3-DICHLORO-
1-3-DICHLORO-, SODIUM SA
CYCLOHEXANAMINE, N-CYCLOHEXYL-
CYCLOHEXANAMINE
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
2-NITROSODOCYCLOHEXYL
N-NITROSODICYCLOHEXYL
BENZOIC ACID, COMPD, WITH CYCLOHEXANAMINE (1:1)
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE NITRATES
3,5-DINITRO
CARBONATE
CHEOMATE
4-NITROBENZOATE
3-NITROBENZOATE
BENZENESULFONIC ACID, 5-CHLORO-2-((2-HYDROXY-1-NAPH^HALENYL)AZO
D AND C RED #9
DIAMINOAZOBENZENE (2,4-)
495-54-5
532-82-1
2,4-DIAMINOAZOBENZENE
2,4-DIAMINOAZOBENZENEHYDROCHLORIDE
DIAMINOBIPHENYL ETHER 1
101-80-4 3ENZENAMINE, 4,4'-OXYBIS-
101-80-4 DIAMINOBIPHENYL ETHER
DIAMINOBIPHENYL ETHER 2
101-80-4
101-80-4
DIAMINOHEXANE
124-09-4
124-09-4
DIAZABICYCLOOCTANE
280-57-9
DIBROMOETHANE
106-93-4
106-93-4
BENZENAMINE, 4,4'-OXYBIS-
DIAMINOBIPHENYL ETHER
1,6-HEXANEDIAMINE
DIAMINOHEXANE
1,4-DIAZABICYCLO(2,2,2)Octane
DIBROMOETHANE
ETHANE, 1,2-DIBROMO-
A.2-6
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AND CAS NO.
CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
DICHLOROACETALDEHYDE
79-02-7 ACETALDEHYDE, DICHLORO-
79-02-7 DICHLOROACETALDEHYDE
DICHLOROETHANE
107-06-2
107-06-2
DICHLOROMETHANE
75-09-2
75-09-2
DICHLORO DIOXANE
95-59-0
3883-^3-0
DICHLOROPROPANE
142-28-9
142-28-9
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL
111-46-6
111-46-6
DIETHYLHEXYL ADIPATS
103-23-1 HEXANEDIOIC ACID, BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)ESTER
103-23-1 DIETHYLHEXYL ADIPATE
DIETHYLPHOSPHOROCHLOROTHIOATE
DICHLOROETHANE
ETHANE, 1,2-DICHLORO-
DICHLOROMETHANE
METHANE, DICHLORO-
2,3-DICHLORO - 1,4-DIOXANE
DICHLOROPROPANE
PROPANE, 1,3-DICHLORO-
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL
ETHANOL, 2,2'-OXYBIS-
2524-04-1
2524-04-1
DIHYDROSAFROLE
94-58-6
94-58-6
DIMETHOXANE 1
828-00-2
828-00-2
DIMETHOXANE 2
828-00-2
828-00-2
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
68-12-2
68-12-2
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
68-12-2
68-12-2
DIETHYLPHOSPHOROCHLOROTHIOATE
PHOSPHOROCHLORIDOTHIOIC ACID, 0,0-DIETHYL ESTER
1, 3-BENZODIOXOLE, 5-PROPYL
DIHYDROSAFROLE
1,3-DIOXAN-4-OL,
DIMETHOXANE
1.3-DIOXAN-4-OL,
DIMETHOXANE
2,6-DIMETHYL-, ACETATE
2,6-DIMETHYL-, ACETATE
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
FORMAMIDE, N,N-DIMETHYL-
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
FORMAMIDE, N,N-DIMETHYL-
DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE
756-79-6 DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE
DIMETHYLPHOSPHOROCHLOROTHIOATE
2524-03-0
2524-03-0
DIMETHYLTHIOUREA
534-13-4
534-13-4
DIMETHYLPHOSPHOROCHLOROTHIOATE
PHOSPHOROCHLORIDOTHIOIC ACID, 0,0-DIMETHYL ESTER
DIMETHYLTHIOUREA
THIOUREA, N,Nf-DIMETHYL-
DINITROCHLOROBENZENE
97-00-7 BENZENE, 1-CHLORO-2.4-DINITRO-
97-00-7 DINITROCHLOROBENZENE
A.2-7
-------
SUBJECT OF CHI?
AND CAS MO. CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IM CHIP
DINITROPHENOL
51-28-5 DINITROPHENOL
51-28-5 PHENOL, 2,4-DINITRO-
DINITROSOPENTAMETHYLENETETRAMINE
101-25-7 1,3,5,7-TETRAAZABICYCLO(3,3,ONONANE, 3,7-DINITROSO-
101-25-7 DINITROSOPENTAMETHYLENETETRAMINE
DINITROTOLUENE
121-14-2 BENZENE, 1-METHYL-2,4-DINITRO-
121-14-2 DINITROTOLUENE
DIOXANE
122-91-1 1,4-DIOXANE
EPOXY/CHLOROHYDROXY PROPYL TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
3023-77-0 EPOXY TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
2327-22-3 CHLOROHYDROXYPROPYL TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
ETHANOLAMINES
NONE ETHANOLAMINES
102-71-6 ETHANOL, 2,2',2"-NITRILOTRIS-
111-42-2 ETHANOL, 2,2'-IMINOBIS-
141-43-5 ETHANOL, 2-AMINO-
ETHOXYETHANOL
110-80-5 ETHANOL, 2-ETHOXY-
110-80-5 ETHOXYETHANOL
ETHOXYETHANOL ACETATE
111-15-9 STHANOL, 2-STHOXY-, ACETATE
111-15-9 ETHOXYETHANOL ACETATE
ETHYL ACRYLATE
140-88-5 2-PROPENOIC ACID, ETHYL ESTER
140-88-5 ETHYL ACRYLATE
ETHYLAMINES
NONE ETHYLAMINES
75-04-7 ETHYLAMINE
109-89-7 ETHYLAMINE, N-ETHYL-
121-44-8 ETHYLAMINE, N,N-DIETHYL-
ETHYLSNE OXIDE
75-21-8 ETHYLENE OXIDE
75-21-8 OXIRANE
ETHYLENEDIAMINE
107-15-3 1,2-ETHANEDIAMINE
107-15-3 ETHYLENEDIAMINE
ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRA (METHYLSNE PHOSPHORIC ACID)
1429-50-1 ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRA (METHYLENE PHOSPHONIC ACID)
68188-96-5 ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRA (METHYLENE PHOSPHORIC ACID)
15142-96-9 ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRA (METHYLENE PHOSPHORIC ACID)
HEXASODIUM SALT
ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE
103-11-7 2-PROPENOIC ACID, 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER
103-11-7 ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE
FORMALDEHYDE
50-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE
A.2-8
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AND CAS MO. CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
FORMAMIDE
75-12-7 FORMAMIDE
GENTIAN VIOLET
548-62-9 GENTIAN VIOLET
548-62-9 METHANAMINIUM, N-(4-(BIS(4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PHENYL)METHYLENE)-2,5
HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE
77.47.4 1,3-CYCLOPENTADIENE, 1,2,3,1,5,5-HEXACHLORO-
77_47-4 HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE
HEXACHLOROETHANE
57-72-1 ETHANE, HEXACHLORO-
67-72-1 HEXACHLOROETHANE
HEXACHLORONORBORNADIENE
2389-71-7 1,2,3,^,7,7-HEXACHLORONORBORNADIENE
HEXAFLUOROACETONE
684-16-2 2-PROPANONE, 1,1,1,3,3,3-HEXAFLUORO-
684-16-2 HEXAFLUOROACETONE
HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE
680-31-9 HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE
680-31-9 PHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE, HEXAMETHYL-
HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE 2
680-31-9 HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE
680-31-9 PHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE, HEXAMETHYL-
HEXANE
110-54-3 HEXANE
HIGH EXPLOSIVE
CONFIDENT CONFIDENTIAL
NONE HIGH EXPLOSIVE
HYDRAZOBENZENE
122-66-7 HYDRAZINE, 1,2-DIPHENYL-
122-66-7 HYDRAZOBENZENE
ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL
78-83-1 ISOBUTANOL
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 1
67-63-0 2-PROPANOL
67-63-0 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 2
67-63-0 2-PROPANOL
67-63-0 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
LITHIUM AND LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
546-89-4 ACETIC ACID, LITHIUM SALT
554-13-2 CARBONIC ACID, DILITHIUM SALT
556-63-8 FORMIC ACID, LITHIUM SALT
1310-65-2 LITHIUM HYDROXIDE
7439-93-2 LITHIUM
7447-41-8 LITHIUM CHLORIDE
7550-35-8 LITHIUM BROMIDE
7580-67-8 LITHIUM HYDRIDE
7782-89-0 LITHIUM AMIDE
7789-24-4 LITHIUM FLUORIDE
A.2-9
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AND CAS NO.
7790-69-4
10102-24-6
10377-51-2
12007-60-2
12057-24-8
13453-69-3
16853-35-3
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE 1
108-31-6
108-31-6
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE 2
108-31-6
108-31-6
MELAMINE
108-78-1
108-78-1
CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
NITRIC ACID, LITHIUM SALT
SILICIC ACID, DILITHIUM SALT
LITHIUM IODIDE
BORIC ACID, DILITHIUM SALT
LITHIUM OXIDE
BORIC ACID, LITHIUM SALT
ALUMINATE(I-), TETRAHYDRO-, LITHIUM, (T-4)-
2,5-FURANDIONE
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
2,5-FURANDIONE
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2
MELAMINE
, U, 6-TRIAMINE
MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLS DISULFIDE
120-78-5
120-78-5
METHANOL
67-56-1
METHOXYETHANOL
109.86-4
109-86-4
BENZOTHIAZOLE, 2,2'-DITHIOBIS-
DITHIOBISBENZOTHIAZOLE (2,2-)
METHANOL
ETHANOL, 2-METHOXY-
METHOXYETHANOL
METHOXYETHANOL ACETATE
110-49-6 ETHANOL, 2-METHOXY-, ACETATE
110-49-6 METHOXYETHANOL ACETATE
METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL MANGANESE TRICARBONYL
12108-13-3
METHYL ETHYL KETONE PEROXIDE
1338-23-4 2-BUTANONE, PEROXIDE
1338-23-4 METHYL ETHYL KETONE PEROXIDE
METHYL N-AMYL KETONE
110-43-0 2-HEPTANONE
110-43-0 METHYL N-AMYL KETONE
METHYL N-BUTYL KETONE
591-78-6 2-HEXANONE
591-78-6 METHYL N-BUTYL KETONE
METHYLNITROPROPYL-4-NITROSOANILINE
24458-48-8
METHYLAMINES
NONE
74-89-5
75-50-3
124-40-3 .
METHYLCYCLOHEXANE
108-87-2
108-87-2
MNNA
METHYLAMINES
METHANAMINE
METHANAMINE, N.N-DIMETHYL-
METHANAMINE, N-METHYL-
CYCLOHEXANE, METHYL-
METHYLCYCLOHEXANE
A.2-10
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AND CAS NO.
CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
METHYLENE BIS (2-CHLOROANILINE)
101-14-4 BENZENEAMINE, M'-ME?HYLENEBIS(2-CHLORO-
101-14-4 METHYLENE BIS (2-CHLOROANILINE)
101-14-4 MOCA
METHYLENE DIPHENYLDIISOCYANATE
101-68-8 METHYLENE DIPHENYLDIISOCYANATS
101-68-8 BENZENE, 1,1'-METHYLENE3IS(4-ISOCYANATO-
9016-87-9 ISOCYANIC ACID, POLYMETHYLENEPOLYPHENYLENE IS"SR
26447-40-5 BENZENE, 1,1'-METHYLENE BIS (ISOCYANATO-
METHYLENE3IS(N,N-DIMETHYL)-BENZENAMINE
101-61-1 BENZENAMINE, 4,4'-METHYL£NEBIS(N,N-DIMETHYL-
101-61-1 METHYLENEBIX(N,N-DIMETHYL)-BENZENAMINE
METHYLPYRIDINE (2-)
109-06-8 METHYLPYRIDINE (2-)
109-06-8 PYRIDINE, 2-METHYL-
METHYLPYRIDINE (3-)
108-99-6 METHYLPYHIDINE (3-)
108-99-6 PYRIDINE, 3-METHYL-
METHYLPYRIDINE (4-)
108-39-4 METHYLPYRIDINE (4-)
108-89-^ PYRIDINE, 4-METHYL-
MONO/DICHLOROPHENOLS
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
NONE
87-65-0
95-57-8
106-48-9
108-43-0
120-83-2
576-24-9
MORPHOLINE
110-91-8 MORPHOLINE
NAPTHA (PETROLEUM) SOLVENTS
54741-66-8 NAPTHA (PETROLEUM), LIGHT AKLYLATE
64742-38-7 SOLVENT NAPTHA (PETROLEUM), MEDIUM ALIPHATIC
NEOPENTYL GLYCOL DIACRYLATE
2223-82-7 2-PROPENOIC ACID, 2,2,-DIMETHYL-1,3-PROPANEDIYL ESTER
2223-82-7 NEOPENTYL GLYCOL DIACRYLATE
NEOPENTYL GLYCOL DIGLYCIDYL ETHER (70 WT? OF HELOXY WC-68)
2-5-DICHLOROPHENOL
3-4-DICHLOROPHENOL
3-5-DICHLOROPHENOL
MONO/DICHLO ROPHENOLS
PHENOL, 2,6-DICHLORO-
PHENOL, 2-CHLORO-
PHENOL, 4-CHOLRO-
PHENOL, 3-CHLORO-
PHENOL, 2,4-DICHLORO-
PHENOL, 2,3-DICHLORO-
17557-23-2
17557-23-2
NITRO-0-ANISIDINE
99-59-2
99-59-2
NITRO-0-TOLUIDINE
99-55-8
99-55-8
NEOPENTYL GLYCOL DIGLYCIDYL ETHER
OXIRANE, 2,2'- (2.2-DIMETHYL-1,3-PROPANEDIYL)BIS(OXYMETHYLENE)
BENZENAMINE, 2-METHOXY-5-NITRO-
NITRO-0-ANISIDINE
BENZENAMINE, 2-METHYL-5-NITRO-
NITRO-0-TOLUIDINE
A.2-11
-------
SUBJECT OF CHI?
AND CAS MO.
NITROBENZENE
98-95-3
98-95-3
MITROPROPANE
79-46-9
79-^6-9
NITROSO COMPOUNDS
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
NONE
UNKNOWN
55-18-5
62-75-9
86-30-6
100-75-4
61U-00-6
521-64-7
684-93-5
759-73-9
930-55-2
1116-54-7
CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
3ENZENE, NITRO-
NITROBENZENE
NITROPROPANE
PROPANE, 2-NITRO,
DI3ENZYLNITROSAMINE
DICYCLOHEXYLNITROSAMINE
METHYL3ENZYLNITROSAMINE
-METHYLCYCLOHEXYLNITROSAMINE
NITROSO COMPOUNDS
NITROSOMORPHOLINE
STHANAMINE, N-ETHYL-N-NITROSO-
METHANAMINE, N-METHYL-N-NITROSO-
BENZENAMINE, N-NITROSO-N-PHENYL-
PIPERIDINE, 1-NITROSO-
3ENZENAMINE, N-METHYL-N-NITROSO-
1-PROPANAMINE, N-NITROSO-N-PROPYL
UREA, N-METHYL-N-NITROSO-
UREA, M-ETHYL-N-NITROSO-
PYHROLIDINE, 1-NITROSO-
ETHANOL, 2,2'-(NITROSOIMTNO)BIS-
NITROSODIISOPROPANOLAMINE
53609-64-6
NITROSODIPHENYLAMINE
86-30-6 BENZENAMINE, N-NITROSO-M-PHENYL-
86-30-6 NITROSODIPHENYLAMINE
OXYBIS(2-METHOXY)ETHANE
111-96-6 BIS(2-METHOXY)ETHER
111-96-6 ETHANE, 1,1'-OXY3IS 2-METHOXY-
111-96-6 OXYBISC2-METHOXY)ETHANE
PENTABROMOCHLOROCYCLOHEXANE
CYCLOHEXANE, 1,2,3,4,5-PSNTABROMO-6-CHLORO-
PENTABROMOCHLOROCYCLOHEXANE
ETHANE, PENTACHLORO-
PENTACHLOROETHANE
87-34-3
37-84-3
PENTACHLOROETHANE
76-01-7
76-01-7
PENTANONE
107-87-9 2-PENTANONE
PHENYL GLYCIDYL ETHER
122-60-1 OXIRANE, (PHENOXYMETHYL)-
122-60-1 PHENYL GLYCIDYL ETHER
PHENYLENEDIAMINES
NONE
95-54-5
106-50-3
108-45-2
PHOSGENE
75-44-5
75-44-5
PHENYLENEDIAMINES
1,2-BENZENEDIAMINE
1,4-BENZENEDIAMINE
1,3-BENZENEDIAMINE
CARBONIC DICHLORIDE
PHOSGENE
A.2-12
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AMD CAS NO. CHEMICAL MAMS OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
POLYSORBATE 20
9005-64-5 POLYSORBATE 20
9005-64-5 SORBITAN, MONODODECANDATE, POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL) DERIVS,
n-PROPYL ALCOHOL
71-23-3 1-PROPANOL
PROPIONITRILE
107-12-0 PROPANENITRILE
107-12-0 PROPYLNITRILS
QUARTZ, SILICA, CRYSTALLINE
14808-60-7 QUARTZ
QUINOLINE
91-22-5 BENZO(B)PYRIDINE
RHODAMINE B
81-38-9 ETHANAMINIUM, N-(9-(2-CARBOXYPHENYL)-6-(DIETHYLAMTNO)-2H-XANTHE
81-88-9 RHODAMINE B
SEMICARBAZIDE
37-56-7 HYDRAZINECARBOXAMIDE
57-56-7 SEMICARBAZIDE
SODIUM AZIDE
26628-22-8 SODIUM AZIDE '
STYRENE OXIDE
96-09-3 OXIRANE, PHENYL-
96-09-3 STYHENE OXIDE
SULFOLANE
126-33-0 SULFOLANE
126-33-0 THIOPHENE, TRETAHYDRO, 1,1-DIOXIDE
SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE
2551-62-4 SULFUR FLUORIDE, (OC-6-11)-
2551-62-4 SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE
TELLURIUM 1
13U94-80-9 TELLURIUM
TELLURIUM 2
13494.30-9 TELLURIUM
TEREPHTHALIC ACID
100-21-0 1,4-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
100-21-0 TEREPHTHALIC ACID
TETRABROMOETHANE
79-27-6 ETHANE, 1,1,2,2-TETRABROMO-
79-27-6 TETRABROMOETHANE
TETRACHLOROETHANE
79-34-5 ETHANE, 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLORO-
TETRACHLORO-1-PROPENE
10436-39-2 1-PROPENE, 1,1,2,3-TETRACHLORO
10436-39-2 1,1,2,3-TETRACHLOROPROPENE
TETRAHYDROFURAN 1
109-gg-9 FURAN, TETRAHYDRO-
109-99-9 TETRAHYDROFURAN
TETRAHYDROFURAN 2
109-99-9 FUHAN, TETRAYDRDO-
109-99-9 TETRAHYDROFURAN
A.2-13
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AND CAS MO. CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
TETRAMETHYLSUCCINONITRILE
3333-52-6 TETRAMETHYLSUCCINONITRILE
THIOUREA
62-56-6 THIOUREA
THORIUM DIOXIDE
1314-20-1 THORIUM OXIDE
TMOHS (SILANE A-186)
3388-04-3 SILANE, TRIMETHOXY(2-(7-OXABICYCLO(4,1,0)HEPT-3-YL)ETHYL)-
3388-04-3 TMOHS (SILANE A-186)
TOLUENE
108-88-3 BENZENE, METHYL-
108-88-3 TOLUENE
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE
1321-38-6 TOLUENEDIISOCYANATE
584-84-9 2,4-TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE
91-08-7 2,6-TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE
26471-62-5 2,4 & 2,6-TOLUENEDIISOCYANATE (Mixed Isomer)
TOLUENE-2,4-DIAMINE
95-80-7 - 1,3-BENZENEDIAMINE, 4-METHYL-
95-80-7 TOLUENE-2,4-DIAMINE
ortho-TOLUIDINE
95-53-4 ortho-TOLUIDINE
636-21-5 ortho-TOLUIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
TRIBROMOPHENOL
118-79-6 PHENOL, 2,4,6-TRIBROMO-
118-79-6 TRIBROMOPHENOL
TRICHLOROACETALDEHYDE
75-87-6 ACETALDEHYDE, TRICHLORO-
75-87-6 TRICHLOROACETALDEHYDE
302-17-0 1,1-ETHANEDIOL, 2,2,2-TRICHLORO-
TRICHLOROBUTYLENE OXIDE
3083-25-8 OXIRANE, (2,2,2-TRICHLORCETHYL)-
3083-25-8 TRICHLOROBUTYLENE OXIDE
TRICHLOROETHANE
79-00-5 ETHANE, 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-
79-00-5 TRICHLOROETHANE
TRIETHANOLAMINE
102-71-6 ETHANOL, 2,2',2''-NITRILOTRIS-
102-71-6 TRIETHANOLAMINE
TRIETHYLENE TETRAMINE
112-24-3 1,2-ETHANEDIAMINE, N,N'-BIS(2-AMINOETHYL)-
112-24-3 TRIETHYLENE TETRAMINE
TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE
552-30-7 5-ISOBENZOFURANCARBOXYLIC ACID, 1-3-DIHYDRO-1,3-DIOXO-
552-30-7 TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE
TRIMETHYL PHOSPHITE
121-45-9 PHOSPHOROUS ACID, TRIMETHYL ESTER
121-45-9 TRIMETHYL PHOSPHITE
TRINITROFLUORENONE
129-79-3 9H-FLUOREN-9-ONE, 2,4,7-TRINITRO-
129-79-3 TRINITROFLUORENONE
A.2-14
-------
SUBJECT OF CHIP
AMD CAS NO. .CHEMICAL NAME OF CHEMICALS MENTIONED IN CHIP
TRINITROTOLUENE
118-96-7 BENZENE, 2-METHYL-1,3,5-THINITRO-
118-96-7 TRINITROTOLUENE
TRIOCTYLAMINE
1116-76-3 1-OCTANAMINE, N.N-DIOCTYL-
1116-76-3 TRIOCTYLAMINE
TRIS (1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPANOL) PHOSPHATE
13674-37-3 2-PROPANOL, 1,3-DICHLORO-, PHOSPHATE (3:D
13674-37-8 FYROL FR-2
URETHANE
=1-79-6 CARBAMIC ACID, ETHYL ESTER
51-79-6 URETHANE
VERMICULITE
1318-00-9 VERMICULITE
VINYL ACETATE
108-05-4 ACETIC ACID ETHENYL ESTER
108-05-4 VINYL ACETATE
VINYL BROMIDE
593-60-2 ETHENE, BROMO
593-60-2' VINYL BROMIDE
VINYL FLUORIDE
75-02-5 ETHENE, FLUORO-
75-02-5 VINYL FLUORIDE
VINYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE
100-40-3 CYCLOHEXENE, 4-ETHENYL-
100-40-3 VINYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE
VINYLIDENE BROMIDE
593-92-0 VINYLIDENE BROMIDE
VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE
75-38-7 ETHENE, 1,1-DIFLUORO
75-38-7 VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE
ZIRAM
137-30-4 ZINC, BIS(DIMETHYLCARBAMODITHIOATO-S,S)-(T-4)-,(9CI)
A.2-15
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.3
COMMON SYNONYMS FOR POTENTIAL HAP'S
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.3
Reference: State of Maine Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Air Quality Control
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUSPECTED HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
SUBSTANCE
Acetaldehyde
Aeetamide
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
2-Acety lamirrof I uorene
Ac role in
Aerylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylic acid, Ethyl ester
Ac ryIon i trile
Aid icarb
Allyl chloride
Alpha benzene hexachloride
p-Aminod i pheny I
An i I me and salts
p-An i sid ine
Antimony (dust and salts)
as Sb
Ars ine
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS *
75-07-0 Ethanal, Ethyl aldehyde, Acetic
aldehyde
60-35-5 Acetic acid amide, Ethanamide,
Methanecarboxamide
108-24-7 Acetic oxide, acetyloxide
67-64-1 Dimethyl formaldehyde, Dimethyl
ketone, Ketopropane,
Propanone,Pyroacetic acid
53-96-3 n-Fluoren-2-Ylacetamide, AAF
107-02-8 2-Propcnal, Acrylic aldehyde,
AcrylaIdehyde, Acraldehyde
79-06-1 Ethylenecarboxamide,
Propenamide
79-10-7 Ethylenecarboxylic acid,
Propene acid, Propenoic acid,
VinyLformic acid
140-88-5 Ethoxycarbonylethylene, Ethyl
acrylate, Ethyl propenoate,
2-Propenoic acid ethyl ester
107-13-1 Cyanoethylene , Fumigrain,
Ventox, PropenenitriLe, Vinyl
cyanide, VCN, TL 314, ENT 54,
Miller's fumigrain
116-06-3 ENT 27093, OMS-771, Temic,
NCI-C08640, Union £arbide 21149
107-05-1 3-Chloropropene, Chloral 1yone,
3-Chloropropy lene
319-84-6 a Ipha-Hexachlorcyclohexane,
alpha-BHC, alpha-HCH, ENT 9232,
a Ipha-Lindane,
a L pha-Hexachloran
92-67-1 4-AminobtphenyI, Biphenylamine,
Paraminodiphenyl, Xenylamine
62-53-3 Aminobenzene, Aminophen, Blue
oil, Cyanol, Phenylamine
104-94-9 Anisole p-amino,
4-Methoxyben7.enamine ,
p-Methoxyan iIi ne
7440-36-0 C.I. 77050, Stibium
7784-42-1 Arseniuretted hydrogen, Arsenic
hydride
*NOTK: NOT ,11 I synonyms .ind trade names are listed. [f you are unsure whether
your company uses any of these substances, please call th«: Bureau of Air
Quality Control (289-2437), for assistance.
A. 3-1
-------
SUBSTANCE
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS
Arsenic (dust and salts) as As 7440-38-2
Asbestos 1332-21-4
Auramine (technical grade) 2465-27-2
Barium (dust and salts) as Ba 7440-39-3
Benzene 71-43-2
Benzidine 92-87-5
Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8
Benzotrichloride 98-07-07
Benzyl chloride 100-44-7
Beryllium (dust and salts) as Be 7440-41-7
Beta-Propiolactone 57-57-8
Biphenyl
Bis(chioromethyi) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Bromine
1,3,-Butadiene
Butanethiol
Butanol (n-Butyl Alcohol)
n-Butyl acetate
n-Butylamine
Cadmium (dust and salts) as Cd
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon disulfide
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
92-52-4
542-88-1
117-81-7
7726-95-6
106-99-0
109-79-5
71-36-3
123-86-4
109-73-9
7440-43-9
56-23-5
75-15-0
7782-50-5
10049-04-4
A. 3-2
C.I. Basic yellow, C.I. 4100
Cyclohexatriene, Benzol,
Pirobenzoi
Fast corinth base B, C.I. Azoic
diazo, Component 112,
4,4'-Diphenylenediamine
BP, B(a)P
Toluene alpha.alpha.alpha
trichloro-, Phenyl chloroform,
Trichloromethylbenzene
Toluene alpha-chloro-,
ChloromethyIbenzene,
ChlorophenyIraethane,
NCI-C06360, Tolyl chloride
2-Oxetanone, Betaprone, BPL,
Hydroacrylic acid, Beta Lactone
Bibenzene, Diphenyl, Lemonene,
Phenador-X, PHPH,
Phenylbenzene, Xenene
sym-Dichloromethyl ether,
Oxybis (Chloromethane), BCME
Celluflex OOP, Dinopol NOP,
Dioctyl phthalate, Octyl
phthalate, Polycizer 162,
PX-138, Vinicizer 85, Phthalic
acid dioctyl ester
Biethylene, Bivinyl, DivinyL,
Erythrene, NCI-C50602,
Pyrrolylene, Vinylethylene
Butyl tnercaptan, NCI-C60866
Butyl hydroxide,
Butyricalcohol, Normal
primarybutyl alcohol, CCS203,
1-Hydroxybutane,
Methylolpropane,
Propyicarbinol, Propyl methanol
Acetic acid butyl ester, Butyl
ethanoate
1-Aminobutane, 1-Butanamine,
Norvalamine
C.I. 77180
Benzinoform, Carbona, ENT 4705,
Fasciolin, Halon 104,
Perchlororaethane,
Tetrachloromethane
NCI-C04591, Sulphocarbonic
anhydride, Weeviltox
Chlorine oxide, Chlorine
peroxide
-------
SUBSTANCE
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS
Ch Loroacetophenone(2-)
(Phenacylchloride)
p-Chloroaniline
Chloroform
ChloromethyI methyl ether
p-Ch1oron i t robenzene
Chloroprene
532-27-4
106-47-8
67-66-3
107-30-2
100-00-5
126-99-8
Chromium (VI) insoluble compounds 7440-47-3
Chrysene 218-01-9
Cobalt (dust and salts) as Co
Copper (fumes, dusts & mists)
as Cu
Cresol (all isomers)
Cyanimide
Cyanic acid (K salt)
Cyanic acid (Na salt)
Cyanides (as Cn)
Cyanoacetamide
Cyanogen
Cyclohexane
2,5-Diaminotoluene
Diazomethane
I,2-Dichlorethane
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
7440-48-4
7440-50-8
1319-77-3
420-04-2
590-28-3
917-61-3
57-12-5
107-91-5
460-19-5
110-82-7
95-70-5
334-88-3
107-06-2
95-50-1
I,2-Dichloropropane
78-87-5
CAP, CAP, ChloromethyI phenyl
ketone, Phenacyl chloride,
Mace(lacrimator)
4-Chlorophenylaraine, NCI-C02039
Formyl trichloride, Freon 20,
Methane trichloride,
NCI-C02686, R 20,
Trichloromethane
CMME, Dimethylchloroether
l-Chloro-4-nitro-benzene,
I,3-Butadiene, 2-chloro-,
Neoprene
Chrome
1,2,5,6-Dibenzonaphthalene,
1,2-Benzophenanthrene
C.I. 77320, NCI-C60311
Bronze powder, C.I.77400, C=I.
pigment metal, 1721 Gold, Gold
bronze, Copper bronze
Cresylic acid
Amidocyanogen, Carbaraonitrile,
Carbimide, Cyanogen nitride,
USAF EK-1995
Crabgrass killer, Potassium
Cyanate, Alicyanate
Cyansan, San-Cyan, Weecon,
Zassol
CAA, Malonamonitrile, USAF
KF-14
Dicyan, Ethanedinitrile,
Oxalonitrile
Hexahydrobenzene,
Hexamethylene, Hexanaphthene
C.I. 76042,
2-Methyi-l,4-Benzenediamine,
2-Methyl-p-Phenylenediamine
Azimethylene
Borer sol, Brocide, Destruxol
borer sol, Dichloroethylene,
EDC, Dutch oil, ENT 1656, Freon
150, Glycol dichloride,
NCI-C00511
Chloroben, DCS, Dilatin, DB,
Dizene, Dowtherm E, NCI-C54944,
ODB, ODCB,
Orthodichlorobenzene, Special
termite fluid, Termitkil
ENT 15,406, NCI-C55141,
Propylene Chloride, Propylene
Dichloride
A. 3-3
-------
SUBSTANCE
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS
3, 3-Dichlorobenzidine
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl sulfate
Diisoctyl phthalate
Diisodecyl phthalate
3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine
(o-dianisidine)
1,1-Oiraethyl hydrazine
Dimethyl sulfate
Diraethylaminoazobenzene
DimethyIcarbamyl chloride
ra-Dinitrobenzene
1,4-Dioxane
9L-94-1 4,4'-Diamino-
3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl,
C.I.-23060, DCB
84-66-2 Phthalic acid diethyl ester,
Anozol, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic
acid diethyl ester, Ethyl
phthalate, NCI-C60048, Neatine,
Palatinol A, Phthalol, Placidol
E, Solvanol
Sulfuric acid diethyl ester,
DS, Ethyl sulfate
64-67-5
27554-26-3
26761-40-0
119-90-4
57-14-7
77-78-1
60-11-7
79-44-7
99-65-0
123-91-1
Total Dioxins (includes, 2,3,7,8
tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-isomer) 1746-01-6
Diphenylhydrazine
Diphenylmethane
4,4-di-isocyanate(MDI)
Epichlorohydrin
Acetamine diazo black and navy
rd, Azoene fast blue base and
salt, C.I. Azoic diazo
component 48 fast blue B salt,
Spectrolene blue B
Diamazine, Unsymmetrical
dimethylhydrazine, UDMH
Sulfuric acid dimethyl ester,
Dimethyl monosulfate, DMS
(methyl sulfate)
Atul fast yellow, Waxoline
yellow ads
Chloroformic acid
ditnethylamide, DDC, DMCC, TL
389
Diethylene dioxide, Diethylene
ether, Dioxethylene ether,
Glycol ethylene ether,
NCI-C03689,Tetrahydro- p-dioxin
2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-di
oxin
122-66-7 Hydrazobenzene,
I,2-Diphenylhydrazine,
NCI-C01854
101-68-8 Benzene 1,1'-Methylenebis
(4-Isocyanato- (9CI),
Bis(p-Isocyanatophenyl)methane,
Caradate 30, Desmodur 44,
Hylene M50, Isonate 125M,
Isonate 125 MF, Nacconate 300,
NCI-C50668
106-89-8 l-Chloro-2,3-epithio,
Chloropropylene sulfide,
Thirane, 2-Chloromethyl
A. 3-4
-------
SUBSTANCE
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS
Epoxypropane (Propylene oxide) 75-56-9
Ethanethiol 75-08-1
Ethanolamine
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl chloride
Ethyl ether
Ethylene
Ethylene glycol ethyl ether
Ethylene oxide
Ethyleneiraine (Aziridine)
Fluorine
Formaldehyde (gas)
Forraamide
Formic acid
Furfural
Furfuryl alcohol
Glycidaldehyde
141-43-5
141-78-6
100-41-4
75-00-3
60-29-7
74-85-1
110-80-5
75-21-8
151-56-4
7782-41-4
50-00-0
75-12-7
64-18-6
98-01-1
98-00-0
765-34-4
Ethyl hydrosulfide, Ethyl
mercaptan, Ethyl thioalcohol,
Thioethanol
Monoethanolamine,
2-Amino-ethanol, beta
Aminoethyl alcohol, Colaraine,
Glycinol, MEA, Olamine,
Thiofaco M-50, USAF EK-1597
Acetic ester, Acetidin,
Acetoxyethane, Acetic acid
ethyl ester, Vinegar naphtha
EB, NCr-C56393, Phenylethane
Chloroethane, Aethylis
chloridum, Anodynon chelen,
Ether muriatic, Kelene,
Monochloroethane, Narcotile,
NCI-C06224
Ethane, 1,I'-Oxybis-,
anaesthetic ether, Diethyl
ether, Diethyl oxide, Ether,
Ethoxyethane
Acetene, Bicarburretted
hydrogen, Elayl, Ethene,
Olefiant gas
2-Ethoxy-ethanol, Cellosolve,
Dowanol EE, Glycol monoethyl
ether, Hydroxy ether,
NCI-C548523, Oxitol, Polysolv
EE
Andropoiene, Dihydrooxirene,
Dimethylene oxide, E.O., Oxiran
Aminoethylene, Azacyclopropane,
Ethylimine
BFV, Fannoform, Forraol HOCH,
Karsan, Methanal, NCI-C02799,
Oxomethane, Oxymethylene
Carbatnaldehyde, Methanamide
Aminic acid, Formylic acid,
Hydrogen carboxylic acid,
Methanoic acid
2-Furaldehyde, Artificial ant
oil, Fural, 2-Furyl-raethanal,
NCI-C56177, Pyromucic aldehyde
Furyl alcohol, 2-Furylcarbinol,
2 Hydroxymethylfuran, Methanol,
(2-furyl)
2,3-Epoxypropanal, Epihydrine
aldehyde, Clycidal,
Oxirane-carboxaldehyde,
PropionaIdehyde,2,3-epoxv-
A.3-5
-------
SUBSTANCE
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS
Hexachlorobutad iene
Hexachlorocyclopentad iene
llt'xach loronaphtha Iene
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hydrazine (and acid salts)
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
87-68-3
77-47-4
1335-87-1
680-31-9
302-01-2
10035-10-6
7647-01-0
74-90-8
Hydrogen sulfide 7783-06-4
Hydroquinone (dihydroxy benzene) 123-31-9
2,2-Iminodiethanol
11*1-42-2
Iodine
Isoamyl acetate
Isoamyl alcohol
Isophorone
Isopropylamine
Kecene (unsaturated ketone)
Lead (dust and salts) as Pb
Maleic anhydride
Manganese
7553-56-2
123-92-2
123-51-3
78-59-1
75-31-0
463-51-4
7439-92-1
108-31-6
7439-96-5
A. 3-6
C-46, Dolen-pur, GP-40-66:120,
HCBD, Perchlorobutadiene
1,3-CycLopentadiene
1,2,3,4,5,5-hexachloro-, C-56,
NCI-C55607,
PerchLorocycIopen tadiene
HMPA, HMPT, HPT,
Hexamethylphosphorictriamide
Hydrobromic acid, Anhydrous
hydrobromic acid,
Hydrochloric acid anhydrous,
Aero liquid, HCN, Cyclon,
Cyclone B, Hydrocyanic acid,
Prussic acid, Zacloridiscoids
Stink damp, Sulfureted
hydrogen,
Arcturin, I,4-Benzenediol,
Dihydroxybenzene, Eldoquin,
Hydroquinole, p-Hydroxyphenol,
IJSAF EK-356, NCI-C55834,
beta-Quinol, Tecquinol, Tenox
HQ
bis(2-Hydroxyethy Oamine, D,
DEA, Diethanolamine,
Diethylamine,
2,2'-Dihydroxy-diolaraine,
NCI-C55174
Isopentylalcohol acetate,
Acetic acid isopentyl ester,
Banana, oil, 3-tnethylbutyl
acetate, 3-tnethylbutyl
ethanoate, pearl oil,
3-Methyl 1-butanol,
Fermentation amyl alcohol,
Isobutylcarbinol, Isopentanol,
Isopentyl alcohol
Isoacetophorone, Isoforon,
NCI-C55618,
1,1,3-Triraethyl-3-Cyclo-
hexene-5-one
2-Aminopropane,
Mono i so pro py 1 am i ne
Carboraethene, Ethanone,
Keto-ethylene
C.I. Pigment metal 4, C.I.
77575, KS-4, Lead flake, Lead
52, SI, SO
cis-Butenedioic anhydride,
2,5-Fruandione, Maleic acid
anhydride, Toxilic anhydride
Colloidial manganese
-------
SUBSTANCE
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS
Melamine
108-78-1
Mercury (metal and salts) as Hg 7439-97-6
Methyl cellosolve 109-86-4
Methyl chloride
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Methyl iodine
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
74-87-3
78-93-3
74-88-4
624-83-9
74-93-1
80-62-6
Methyl-iso-butylketone
Methylchlororaethylether
Methylene Chloride
4,4-Methylene-dianiline
Methylhydrazine
108-10-1
107-30-2
75-09-2
101-77-9
60-34-4
Monochlorobenzene(chlorobenzene) 108-90-7
n-phenyl-beta-naphthylamine 135-88-6
Napthalene
Napthylamine(alpha)
Napthylamine(beta)
91-20-3
134-32-7
91-59-8
Nickel (dust and salts) as Ni 7440-02-0
Nitric acid 7697-37-2
p-Nitroaniline
100-01-6
A. 3-7
Cyanuramide, Cyrael,
Cyanurotriamide, NCI-C50715
NCI-C60399, Quick silver
Dowanol FM, Ethylene glyeol
monoraethyl ether, Glycomethyl
ether, Mecs, Methyl Glycol,
Methyl oxitol, Poly-solv EM
Chlororaethane, Artie,
Monochloromethane
2-Butanone, Methyl acetone,
Meetco
lodoraethane, Halon 10001,
Methyl iodide
Isocyanic acid methyl ester,
Iso-cyanatomethane
Methanethiol, Mercaptomethane,
Methyl sulfhydrat, Thiomethyl
alcohol
Methacrylic acid methyl ester,
Diakon, Methyl
2-methyl-2-propenoate, MME,
NCI-C50680, 'Monocite1
methacrylate monomer
2-Pentanone, 4-methyl, Hexone,
Isobutyl methyl ketone,
Isopropylacetone, MIK1
CMME, Methyl chloromethyl ether
anhydrous,
Dichloromethane, Aerothene MM,
Freon 30, Narkotil, Solaesthin,
Solmethine,
DADPM, DAPM, DDM, Epicure DDM,
HT 972, Methylenebis(aniline)
Hydrazomethane,
Monomethylhydrazine, MMH
NCI-C54866, Phenyl chloride
Aceto PBN, Agerite powder,
Anilinonaphthalene, Neozon D,
Neozone, Nonox D, Nilox PBNA,
NCI-C02915, Stabilizator AR
Camphor tar, Moth balls,
NCI-C52904, White tar
1-Aminonaphthalene, Fast
garnet base B, C.I. Azoic diazo
component 114
2-Aminonaphthalene, Fast
scarlet base B, NA, USAF CB-22,
6-Naphthalamine
Aqua fort is, Azotic acid,
Hydrogen nitrate,
p-Aminonitrobenzene, Azoamine
red zh, Fast red, PNA,
Shinnippon fast red GG base,
Nitrazol CF extra
-------
SUBSTANCE
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrobiphenyl
Nit.rogi'ii mustard
Nitroglycerine
p-Nitrophenol
1-Nitropropane
Nitroso-n-methy1urea
n-Nicrosodimethylamine
n-Nitrosomorpholine
p-Nitrosophenol
m-Nitrotoluene
p-Nitrotoluene
OctachloronaphthaLene
Oxalic acid
Pentachlorophenol (PGP)
Phenol
98-95-3
92-93-3
51-75-2
55-63-0
100-02-7
108-03-2
684-93-5
62-75-9
59-89-2
104-91-6
99-08-1
99-99-0
2234-13-1
144-62-7
87-86-5
108-95-2
Essence of rnirbane, NCI-C60082,
Oil of Mirbane
p-PhenyInitrobenzene, PNB
2,2'-Dichloro-N-methyl
diethy lamine, CaryoLysin,
Chlorraentine, Embichin, HNZ,
MBA, N-Methyl-lost, Mutagen,
NSC 762
Anginine, Glonoin, Nitrol,
Glycerol trinitrate, GTN, NG,
NTG, Niglycon, Nitrine, TGC,
Nitrolingual, Nitro-span,
Perglottal, Nitrolowe,
1,2,3-Propanetriyl nitrate
4-Hydroxynitrobenzene, NCI-
C55992, 4-Nitrophenol
Methylnitrosourea, NMH, NMU,
NSC 23909
DMN,
n-Methyl-n-nitrosomethanamine
4-Nitrosomorpholine, NMOR
4-Nitrosophenol, Quinone
raonoxime, Quinone oxirae
3-Methy Initrobenzene,
3-Nitrotoluol
4-Methy Initrobenzene,
NCI-C60537, PNT
Naphthalene octachloro-
Ethanedioic acid, NCI-C55209,
Ethanedionic acid
Chem-tol, Chlorophen, Crypto-
gilol, Dowcide 7, Dowcide G,
Dowcide EC-7, Durotox, EP 30,
Fungi fen, Gladz penta, Grundier
arbezol, Lauxtol, Liroprera,
NCI-C54933, NCI-C55378,
NCI-C55655, Penta, Pentasol,
Pentacon, Pentakil, Penwar,
Permatox, Pertnacide, Permagard,
Permite, Priltox, Santobrite,
Santophen, Sinituho,
Term-i-trol, Weedone
Carbolic acid, Baker's P and S
liquid and ointment,
Hydroxybenzene, NCI-C50124,
Oxybenzene, Phenic acid, Phenyx
hydrate, Phenyl hydroxide,
Phenylic alcohol
A. 3-8
-------
SUBSTANCE
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS
p-PhenyLened iamine
Phenylhydrazine
Phosgene
Phosphorus
Picric acid
Polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBs) 11097-69-1
1,3-Propane sultone 1120-71-4
Propyleneimine 75-55-8
Pyridine
Quinoline
Quinone
Resorcinol
Rotenone
Selenium (dust and sales) as Se
Styrene oxide
106-50-3 p-Aminoani1ine, 4-AminoaniLine,
BASF Ursol D, p-Benzenediamine,
1,4-Benzenediamine, Senzofur D,
C.I. 76060, C.I. Developer 13,
C.I. Oxidation base 10,
Developer PF, Durafur black R,
Fouramine D, Fourrine D, Fur
black 41867, Fur brown 41866,
Furro D, Fur yellow, Futraraine
D, Nako H, Orsin, Oxidation
base 10, Para, Pelagol D,
Peltol D, PPD, USAF ED-394,
Renal PF, Santoflex 1C, Tertral
D, Ursol D, Zoba black D
100-63-0 Hydrazinobenzene
75-44-5 Carbon oxychloride, CG,
Chloroforrayl chloride,
Diphosgene, NCI-C60219
7723-14-0 White phosphorous, Yellow
phosphorus, Bonide blue death
rat killer, Rat-Nip
88-89-1 Carbazotic acid, C.I. 10305,
2-Hydroxy-l,3,5-trinitro-
benzene, Melinite, Nitroxanthic
acid, Phenol trinitrate
Arochlor 1242
1,2-Oxathiolane 2,2-dioxide
2-Methylaziridine,
2-Methylethylenimine
110-86-1 Azabenzene, Azine, NCI-C55301
91-22-5 1-Azanaphthalene, l-Benzazine,
Benzo(b)pyridine, Chinoleine,
Leucol, USAF EK-218, Leuocoline
106-51-4 p-benzoquinone,
1,4-Cyciohexad ienedione,
I,4-Dioxybenzene,
1,4-Cyclohexadien dioxide, USAF
P-220
108-46-3 m-Dihydroxybenzene,
m-Benzenediol, C.I. 76505, C.I.
developer 4, Fouramine RS,
Fourrine 79, ra-Hydroquinone,
NCI-C05970, Pelagol RS, Nako
TGG, 1,3-Benzenediol,
meta-Dihydroxybenzene
83-79-4 Barbasco, Cenol Garden Dust,
Green Cross Warble Powder,
Tubatoxin
7782-49-2 C.I. 77805
96-09-3 Epoxyethylbenzene(8CI),
Epoxystyrene, Phenyl oxirane,
Phenylethylene oxide, Styrene
Epoxide
A. 3-9
-------
SUBSTANCE
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS
Styrene, monomer
100-42-5
Terephthalic acid
Tetrachlorethylene
(perchlorethylene)
100-21-0
127-18-4
2,3,7,8-Tetrachiorodibenzofuran
1, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrahydrofuran
51207-31-9
79-34-5
109-99-9
Thallium (dust and salts) as Tl 7440-28-0
Titanium oxide 13463-67-7
Toluene
2,4-To1uene-d iamine
108-88-3
95-80-7
2,4-ToIuene-d i-i soc yanate
584-84-9
o-Toiuidine
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
(methyl chloroform)
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
95-53-4
120-82-1
71-55-6
79-00-5
Vinyl benzene, Cinnamentj,
Cinnaraenol, Diarex HF 77,
Phenyl Ethylene, NCE-C02200,
Stirolo, Styron, Styropor,
Cinnamol, Styroiene
p-BenzenedicarboxyIic acid
Ankilsotin, Carbon dichloride,
Carbon bichloride, Deesolv,
Dow-per, ENT I860, Fedal-un,
NEMA, NCI-C04580, PERC,
Tetralex, Tetraleno, Tetravec,
Tetraguer, Tetropil
NCI-C56611
Acetylene tetrachloride,
Bonoform, Cellon, Westron
I,4-Epoxybutane,
Cyclotetramethylene oxide,
Diethylene oxide, Firanidine,
Hydrofuran, NCT-C60560,
Oxacyclopentane, Oxaolane,
Tetramethylene oxide, THF
Ramor
Bayertitan, Calcotone white T,
C.I. 77891, C.I. pigment white
6, Cosmetic white, Hombitan,
Horse head, Unitane, 1700 White
Methylbenzene, Methacide,
Phenylmethane, NCI-C07272
3-Amino-p-Toluid ine,
5-amino-o-Toluidine, Azogen
developer H, Benzofur MT,
C.I.76025, Developer, Pelagol
J, Renal MD, Zoba GKE, Zogen
Developer H
2,4-Di isocyanato-1-methyl
benzene, Tsocyanic acid,
tnethylphenylene ester, Helene
T, Mondur TDS, Nacconate 100,
NCI-C50533, NIAX TDI
l-Amino-2-MethyIbenzene,
o-Methylbenzenamine,
o-Toiyamine
Aerothene TT, Chloroethene,
Chloroten, tnhibisol,
Methy Ichloromethane,
NCI-C04626, Solvent 111
Ethane trichloride, NCI-C04579,
beta-T, Vinyl trichloride
A.3-10
-------
SUBSTANCE
CAS REGISTRY # COMMON SYNONYMS
Tr ichloroethylene
Turpent ine
Hrethane
Vinyl Bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide
Vinyi fluoride
Vinylidene chloride
(l-1-Dichloroethene)
Xylene (all isomers)
XyI idine
79-01-6 Acetylene trichloride, Algylen,
Anaraenth, Benzinol, Blacosolv,
Cecolene, Crawhaspol, Dow-tri,
Dulceron, Fleck-flip,
Germalgene, Lanadin, Narcogen,
NCI-C04546, Phi lex, TCK,
Threthylene, trielene,
Triklone, Trimar, Tri-plus,
Vestrol, Vitran
8006-64-2
51-79-6'
593-60-2
75-01-4
Zinc (dusc and salts) as Zn
Broraoethylene
Chloroethylene,
Monochloroethylene, Trovidur,
VC, VCM, Vinyl C Monomer,
Pracarbamine
106-87-6 7-Oxabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane
3-(epoxyethyl)-, Chissonox 206,
EP-206,
1-Epoxyethy1-3,4-epoxycyclo-
hexane, ERLA-2270, ERLA 2271,
NCI-C60139, VNOX epoxide 206,
Vinyl cyclohexene diepoxide,
75-02-5 Vinyl fluoride inhibited
75-35-4 Sconatex, VDC, 1,1-DCE
1330-20-7 Dimethylbenzene, Violet 3,
Xylol
1300-73-8 Acid leather brown 2G, Acid
orange 24,
Aminodimethylbenzene, 11460
brown, Dimethylaniline,
Dimethylphenylamine, Resorcine
brown J or R,
7440-66-6 Blue powder, C.I. 77945, C.I.
Pigment black 16, C.I. Pigment
metal 6, Emany zinc dust,
Granular zinc, Jasad, Zinc
dust, Zinc Powder
A.3-11
-------
APPENDIX A.4
POTENTIAL MAP'S FOR
SOLVENT USAGE OPERATIONS
-------
-------
5uurn3Bj.nuBw
9UIH38W
POOM-OS
3UUBW-3S
sdej.
IU3AIOS 31SBM
5ULSB3J63Q
.- 3
w o
"o- >t
<
41
C
41
c c 4i a
11 i> = -=
IM 3 4) 4J
4> O
CO I :
*J a; u a
n c o <->
S 41 -
O r- O C
i- X U O
O -= 3 -2
i >-> ^ !_
f ai J= a
o S u -)
C O
01 i-
CT1T3
I o >,
A.4-1
-------
jaqqny
3UIJBW-OS
adej. 3t3.3u6ew
ajiu.iu.mj
3 C
*J . i_ -C . cj
41 >* O ** *- 41 «
O 41 U t. 4-> M Q
O O O C
f U 1- i. 41 -C
O O ** ^ O ^ O
5 « - fl US L. O
I U I. O O I
_ . I w -^ o.
o
41
CJ
Ol
o
01
o A
41 W a
«-" IQ 3
rrs U
C O (J
41 L. C
O >i U
- s »
fl
V)
*o "o
VI C
41 41
U f
* v> O V) 41
O "" V» VI r "^
f O 3 S. O
O O 4) C X
U >,i f 41 O
(O O> O 41 & 4)
* to o c/l
O V) T3 r
£ O '- -t- O
O U OJ X C
U >, O 41
» *" a.^:
< '-j LU uj a.
A.4-2
-------
5uijnq.3pj.nuew
uoi.aBi.nsui IB3M13913-3S
S(.aqei '
5UIU831Q
I
I
i
o
c
3
a
Of
O -
I C ti - X
J ^ OJ * 3J
r 1- C OJ -C
4J ^ gj ^ 4^ *J (J
»
a trt
>, n
^ E
U Q
a *j
U
C
11
J
Oj yl
<-> -a
W 3
3J O
-------
ajruiiunj POOM-OS
adBj.
'sadBj. '
^4 VI
I
o
Q.
vl E
U
* o
1_ U
o
O c
Ol 3 -^
U C
>, 3
O O
r- (/» O ^» U
(0 GJ VI O OJ
o > 2 " c
o o <5
-------
FOOTNOTES TO APPENDIX A.4
l-Category Includes organic compounds associated with inks and solvents
used in flexography, lithography, offset printing, and textile printing.
2SC: surface coating.
^Category includes coating of other flat stock.
^Category includes coating of miscellaneous metal parts and coating of
machinery and equipment.
^Category includes all categories of appliances; large and small.
^Category includes coating of automobiles and light duty trucks as well
as automobile refinishing.
Category includes surface coating of coils, cans, containers, and
closures.
^Category includes coating of pleasure and commercial marine vessels and
maintenance of vessels.
^Category includes vinyl, acrylic, and nitrocellulose coatings.
^Category includes surface coating of trucks, buses, railroad cars,
and other transportation vehicles.
llprom list of compounds emitted from solvent use presented in Ref. 14.
No information on specific s categories using these compounds was
located.
^Appendix A.3 provides a list of stabilizers that may be used in
halogenated hydrocarbons.
^Category includes polycyclic organic matter.
A. 4-5
-------
APPENDIX A.5
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR THE
SOCMI SOURCE CATEGORY
-------
TABLE A.5-1. REFERENCES FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SOCMI3
1. U.S. EPA. Standard Support and Environmental Impact Statement: Emission
Standard for Vinvl Chloride. EPA-450/2-75-009a. October 1975.
2. U.S. EPA. Standard Support and Environmental Impact Statement: Volume 2
Promulgated Emission Standard for Vinyl Chloride. EPA-450/2-75-009b.
September 1976.
3. U.S. EPA. Source Assessment: Phthalic Anhydride (Air Emissions).
EPA-600/2-76-032d. December 1976.
4. U.S. EPA. Source Assessment: Acrvlonitrile Manufacture (Air Emissions).
EPA-600/2-77-107J. September 1977.
5. U.S. EPA. Source Assessment: Urea Manufacture. EPA-600/2-77/1071.
November 1977.
6. U.S. EPA. Source Assessment: Polvchloroprene State of the Art.
EPA-600-2-77-1070. December 1977.
7. U.S. EPA. Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use: Chapter 6.
The Industrial Organic Chemical Industry. EPA-600/2-77-023f. February
1977.
8. U.S. EPA. Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use: Chapter 7.
Organic Dves and Pigments Industry. EPA-600/2-77-023g. February 1977.
9. U.S. EPA. Source Assessment: Polvvinyl Chloride. EPA-600/2-78-004i.
May 1978.
10. U.S. EPA. Source Assessment: Acrylic Acid Manufacture: State of the
Art. EPA-600/2-78-004w. August 1978.
11. U.S. EPA. Source Assessment: Noncriteria Pollutant Emissions (1978
Update). EPA-600/2-78-004t. July 1978.
12. U.S. EPA. Source Assessment: Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Manufacture.
EPA-600/2-79-019g. August 1979.
13. U.S. EPA. Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Acrvlonitrile.
EPA-600/2-79-210a. December 1979.
14. U.S. EPA. Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Benzene. EPA-600/2-
79-210d. December 1979.
(Continued)
A.5-1
-------
TABLE A.5-1 (Continued)
15. U.S. EPA. Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Benzidine. EPA-600/2-
79-210e. December 1979.
16. U.S. EPA. Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Hexachlorobenzene.
EPA-600/2-79-210e. December 1979.
17. U.S. EPA. Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Polvbrominated
Biohenvls. EPA-600/2-79-210k. December 1979.
18. U.S. EPA. Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Polvnuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons. EPA-600/2-79-2101. December 1979.
19. U.S. EPA. Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Trichloroethylene.
EPA-600/2-79-210m. December 1979.
20. U.S. EPA. Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Tris f2.3-Dibromopropy1)
Phosphate. EPA-600/2-79-210n. December 1979.
21. U.S. EPA. Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Vinylidene Chloride.
EPA-600/2-79-2100. December 1979.
22. U.S. EPA. Source Assessment: Manufacture of Acetone and Phenol from
Cumene. EPA-600/2-79-019d. May 1979.
23. U.S. EPA. Benzene Emissions from Maleic Anhydride Industry - Background
Information for Proposed Standards. EPA-450/3-80-Q01a. February 1980.
24. U.S. EPA. Benzene Emissions from the Ethylbenzene/Stvrene Industry -
Background Information for Proposed Standards. EPA-450/3-79-035a.
August 1980.
25. U.S. EPA. Benzene Emissions from Benzene Storage Tanks - Background
Information for Proposed Standards. EPA-450/3-80-034a. December 1980.
26. U.S. EPA. Benzene Fugitive Emissions - Background Information for
Proposed Standards. EPA-450/3-80-032a. November 1980.
27. U.S. EPA. VQC Fugitive Emissions in Synthetic Organic Chemicals
Manufacturing Industry - Background Information for Proposed Standards.
EPA-450/3-80-033a. November 1980.
28. U.S. EPA. Fugitive Emission Sources of Organic Compounds - Additional
Information on Emissions. Emission Reductions, and Costs. EPA-450/3-82-
010. April 1982.
(Continued)
A. 5-2
-------
TABLE A.5-1 (Continued)
29. U.S. EPA. VOC Fugitive Emissions in Synthetic Organic'Chemicals
Manufacturing Industry - Background Information for Promulgated
Standards. EPA-450/3-80-033b. February 1983.
30. U.S. EPA. Vinyl Chloride: A Review of National Emission Standards.
EPA-450/3-82-003. February 1982.
31. U.S. EPA. Air Oxidation Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturing Industry - Background Information for Proposed Standards.
EPA-450/3-82-001a. October 1983.
32. U.S. EPA. Health Assessment Document for 1.1.2-Trich1oro-1.2.2-
Trifluoroethane (Chlorofluorocarbon CFC-1I3). EPA-600/8-82-002.
September 1983.
33. U.S. EPA. Benzene Emissions from Benzene Storage Tanks: Background
Information for Proposal to Withdraw Proposed Standards.
EPA-450/3-84-004. March 1984.
34. U.S. EPA. Benzene Emissions from Maleic Anhydride Plants: Background
Information for Proposal to Withdraw Proposed Standards.
EPA-450/3-84-002. March 1984.
35. U.S. EPA. Benzene Emissions from Ethylbenzene/Stvrene Plants -
Background Information for Proposal to Withdraw Proposed Standards.
EPA-450/3-84-003. March 1984.
36. U.S. EPA. Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
Chloroform. EPA-450/4-84-007c. March 1984.
37. U.S. EPA. Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Carbon
Tetrachloride. EPA-450/4-84-007b. March 1984.
38. U.S. EPA. Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
Formaldehyde. EPA-450/4-84-007e. March 1984.
39. U.S. EPA. Benzene Fugitive Emission - Background Information for
Promulgated Standards. EPA-450/3-80-032b. June 1982.
40. U.S. EPA. Distillation Operations in Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturing - Background Information for Proposed Standards.
EPA-450/3-83-005a. December 1983.
41. U.S. EPA. Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Ethylene
Dichloride. EPA-450/4-84-007d. March 1984,
(Continued)
A.5-3
-------
TABLE A.5-1 (Continued)
42. U.S. EPA. Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
Acrvlonitrile. EPA-450/4-84-007a. March 1984.
aSource: Reference 1.
A.5-4
-------
TABLE A.5-2. SO
REACTOR PROCESSES'
Reactjr Processes
Oxidation
Halsgenation
Hydrogenation
Esterification
Al
-------
TABLE A.5-3. HIGH VOLUME CHEMICALS PRODUCED BY AIR OXIDATION'
1. Acetaldehyde
2. Acetic Acid
3. Acetone
4. Acetonitrile
5. Acetophenone
6. Acrolein
7. Acrylic Acid
8. Acrylonitrile
9. Anthraquinone
10. Benzaldehyde
11. Benzoic Acid
12. 1,3-Butadiene
13. p-t-Butyl Benzoic Acid
14. n-Butyric Acid
15. Crotonic Acid
16. Cumene Hydroperoxide
17. Cyclohexanol
18. Cyclohexanone
19. Ethylene Dichloride
20. Dimethyl Terephthalate
21. Ethylene Oxide
22. Formaldehyde
23. Formic Acid
24. Glyoxal
25. Hydrogen Cyanide
26. Isobutyric Acid
27. Isophthalic Acid
28. Maleic Anhydride
29. Methyl Ethyl Ketone
30. a-Methyl Styrene
31. Phenol
32. Phthalic Anhydride
33. Propionic Acid
34. Propylene Oxide
(tert butyl hydroperoxide)
35. Styrene
36. Terephthalic Acid
Source: Reference 3.
A.5-6
-------
TABLE
A. 5-4. HIGH VOLUME SOCMI
OTHER TH/
Unit
Process
ALK-1
ALK-2
ALK-3
ALK-4
ALK-5
ALK-6
ALK-7
ALK-8
ALK-9
ALK-10
ALK-11
ALK-12
ALK-13
ALK-14
AMMI-1
AMM-1
AMM-2
CAR-1
CAR-2
CAR-3
CAR- 4
CHL-1
CHL-2
CHL-4
CHL-5
CHL-6
CHL-7
CHL-8
CHL-9
CHL-10
CHL-11
CHL-12
CHL-13
CHL-14
CHL-15
Chemical
Linear Alkyl benzene
Linear Alkyl benzene
Ethyl benzene
Tetra Ethyl - Tetra
Methyl Lead
Ethyl benzene
Linear Alkyl benzene
Linear Alkyl benzene
Cumene
Cumene
Cumene
Cumene
Cumene
Dimethyl dichlorosi lane
Nonyl phenol
Caprolactam
Ethanol amines
Ethanol amines
Acetic Acid
Methanol
Methanol
Methanol
Ethylene Dichloride
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Ethylene Dichloride
Ethylene Dichloride
Ethylene Dichloride
Methyl ene Chloride
Ethylene Dichloride
Ethylene Dichloride
Methyl ene Chloride
1,4-Dichlorobutene
Methyl chloroform
Allyl Chloride
Mono-Chloroacetic Aci<
(<
CHEMICALS PRODUCED BY REACTOR PROCESSES
N AIR OXIDATION5
Unit
Process
CLE-1
CON-1
CON-2
CON-3
CON-4
CRE-1
DEH-1
DEH-2
DEH-3
DEH-4
DEH-5
DEH-6
DEH-7
DEH-8
DEH-9
DEH-10
DEH-11
DEH-12
DEHC-1
DEHC-2
DEHC-3
DEHY-1
EST-1
EST-2
EST-3
EST-4
EST-5
EST-6
EST-7
EST-8
ETH-1
ontinued)
A. 5-7
Chemical
Phenol/Acetone
Acetic Anhydride
Acetic Anhydride
Nonyl phenol , Exthoxyl ated
Bisphenol - A
Benzene
Acetone
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Styrene
Styrene
n-Paraffins
Acetone
Acetone
Acetone
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Cyclohexanone
Vinyl idene Chloride
Vinyl idene Chloride
Vinyl idene Chloride
Urea
Ethyl Acrylate
Methyl Methacrylate
Ethyl Acetate
Dioctyl Phatalate
Dimethyl Terephthalate
Ethyl Acetate
"Butyl Acetate
Ethylene Glycol Mono-
ethyl ether Acetate
MTBE
-------
TABLE A.5-4. HIGH VOLUME SOCMI CHEMICALS.PRODUCED BY REACTOR PROCESSES
OTHER THAN AIR OXIDATION* (Continued)
Unit
Process
I.D.8
ETHY-1
FLU-1
FLU-2
FLU-3
HYD-1
HYD-2
HYD-3
HYD-5
HYD-6
HYD-7
HYD-8
HYD-9
HYD-10
HYD-11
HYDC-3
HYDC-4
HYDC-5
HYDC-6
HYDC-7
HYDC-8
HYDC-9
HYDC-10
HYDC-11
HYDC-12
HYDF-1
HYDF-2
HYDI-1
HYDO-1
HYDO-2
HYDO-3
HYDR-1
HYDR-2
HYDR-3
HYDR-4
Chemical
Butynediol
Freon - 12
Freon - 113
Freon - 11,12,113,114,22
Hexamethylene Diamine
Hexamethylene Diamine
Cyclohexane
Aniline
Butanediol
Cyclohexanol
Toluene Diamine
n-Butyl Alcohol
Hexamethylene Diamine
0-Butylene
Methyl Chloride
Methyl Chloride
Methyl Chloride
Ethyl Chloride
Ethyl Chloride
Ethyl Chloride
Ethyl Chloride
Ethyl Chloride
Ethyl Chloride
Epichlorohydrin
Oxo Alcohols
Butyraldehyde
Adiponitrile
Propylene Oxide
Sec-Butyl Alcohol
Glycerin
Propylene Glycol
Ethyl ene Glycol
Ethyl ene Glycol
Ethyl ene Glycol
Unit
Process
I.D.6
NIT-1
NIT-2
NIT-3
NUT-1
NUT-2
NUT-3
OLIG-1
OLIG-2
OLIG-3
OLIG-4
OLIG-5
OXI-1
OXI-2'
OXI-3
OXI-4
OXYA-1
OXYC-1
PHO-1
PYR-1
PYR-2
PYR-3
PYR-4
PYR-5
PYR-6
PYR-7
SUL-1
SULP-1
Chemical
Nitrobenzene
Dinitrotoluene
Dinitrotoluene
Linear Alkyl benzene
Linear Alkyl benzene
Dodecyl benzene Sulfonic
Acid, Sodium Salt
Octene
Dodecene
a-Butylene
Tripropylene
Dodecene
Adipic Acid
Adipic Acid
Adipic Acid
Ethyl ene Oxide
Vinyl Acetate
Ethylene Dichloride
Toluene Diisocyanate
Ketene
Ethylene
Ketene
Propylene
Ethylene
Vinyl Chloride Monomer
Bivinyl
Dodecyl benzene Sulfonic
Acid
Carbon Disulfide
(Continued)
A. 5-8
-------
TABLE A.5-4.
HIGH VOLUME SOCMI
OTHER THAN AIR i
HEMICALS PRODUCED BY REACTOR PROCESSES
(IDATIONa (Concluded)
Source: Reference 2.
Process units are identified by the
manufacture. Reaction codes are as
ALK - Alkylation
AMMI - Ammination
AMM - Ammonolysis
CAR - Carbonylation
CHL - Chlorination
CLE - Cleavage
CON - Condensation
CRE - Catalytic Reform
DEHY - Dehydration
DEH - Dehydrogenation
DEHC - Dehydrochlorinat
EST - Esterification
ETH - Etherification
ETHY - Ethynylation
FLU - Fluorination
chemical reaction associated with their
'ollows:
HYD - Hydrogenation
HYDC - Hydrochlorination
HYDF - Hydroformylation
HYDI - Hydrodimerization
HYDO - Hydrolysis
NIT - Nitration
NUT - Neutralization
ng OLIG - Oligomerization
OXI - Oxidation (Pure
OXYA - Oxyacetylation
on OXYC - Oxychlorination
PHO - Phosgenation
PYR - Pyrolysis
SUL - Sulfonation
SULP - Sulfurization (Vapor Phase)
.5-9
02)
(Pure
o2)
-------
EXAMPLE
ETHYLBENZENE/STYRENE PRODUCTION3
As an example of the type of emissions associated with the SOCMI, we will
look at the emissions from the production of styrene from benzene and ethylene
by alkylation and dehydrogenation reactions where ethylbenzene is produced as
an intermediate. A process flow diagram for styrene production is shown in
Figure A.5-1; potential emission sources are also indicated on the diagram.
The types of emission sources are:
a) storage and handling emissions
b) reactor process emissions
- alkylation reactor vents
c) separation process emissions
- column vents (benzene drying column, ethylbenzene purification
column, styrene purification column, hydrogen separation vent)
d) fugitive emissions
- groups of valves, pump seals, etc.
The HAP's which may potentially be present in these emission streams
include:
Organic Compounds (Vapor) Inorganic Compounds (Vapor)
Benzene Hydrogen Chloride
Ethylbenzene
Polyethylbenzene
Ethylene
Styrene
Toluene
Methane
Ethane
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Table A.5-5 gives estimates of uncontrolled benzene and total VOC
emissions for a plant with a styrene production capacity of 6.6 x 10^ Ib/yr.
a See Reference 4.
A.5-10
-------
T3
C
> c
-t-> O)
1/1 IM
C
U O>
O -Q
C *>.
O -C
I- (->
4-> d)
O
S- C
CL O
O «
<4_ C
QJ
E 05
>
TJ O)
O)
(^ C
M Ol
QJ r
u >>
O J=
S. 4->
LT)
II n:
-------
TABLE A.5-5. ESTIMATES OF UNCONTROLLED EMISSIONS FROM
AN ETHYLBENZENE/STYRENE MANUFACTURING PLANT0
Emission Source
Alkylation reaction vent
Column vents
Storage and handling
Fugitive emissions
Secondary emissions0
TOTAL
Emissions Ratio
(103 lb/1b)b
Benzene
0.64
3.74
1.25
0.24
0.15
6.0
Total VOC
1.94
5.74
1.47
1.12
0.19
10.5
Emi
ssions Rate
(Ib/hr)
Benzene Total VOC
22
128
44
8.
5.
208
66
199
51
4 37
1 6.6
360
^Source: Reference 4.
°lb of emission per Ib of product.
These emissions are associated with waste liquid streams generated in the
process.
A.5-12
-------
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
U.S. EPA. Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Bibliography of
Selected EPA Reports and Federal Register Notices. EPA Contract No.
68-02-3889. January 1985.
U.S. EPA. Reactor Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
- Background Information for Proposed Standards. Draft EIS. October
1984.
U.S. EPA. Air Oxidation Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturing Industry Background Information for Proposed Standards.
EPA-450/3-82-001a. October 1983.
U.S. EPA. Organic Chemical Manufacturing Volume 6:
EPA-450/3-80-028a. December 1980.
Selected Processes.
A.5-13
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.6
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON
PETROLEUM RELATED INDUSTRIES
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.6
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES IN THE PETROLEUM RELATED INDUSTRIES
Oil and Gas Production Industry
I. Exploration and Site Preparation
1. Exploration
2. Site Preparation
II. Well Drilling and Completion
1. Drilling
2. Mud Circulaton
3. Format Evaluation
4. Well Completion
III. Crude Processing
1. Water Removal
2. Gas-Oil Separation
3. Crude Storage
IV. Natural Gas Proces
sing
Liquid Hydrocarbon Recovery
Acid Gas Removal
Sulfur Recovery
Dehydration
Product Separation
LPG Storage
Gasoline Storage
Secondary and Tertiary Recovery Techniques
1. Displacement
2. Fracturing
3. Acid Treatment
4. Thermal Treatment
A.6-1
-------
Petroleum Refining Industry
I. Crude Separation
1. Crude Storage
2. Desalting
3. Atmospheric Distillation
4. H2S Removal
5. Sulfur Recovery
6. Gas Processing
7. Vacuum Distillation
8. Hydrogen Production
II. Light Hydrocarbon Processing
1. Naphtha Hydrodesulfurization
2. Catalytic Reforming
3. Isomerization
4. Alkylation
5. Polymerization
6. Light Hydrocarbon Storage and Blending
III. Middle and Heavy Distillate Processing
1. Chemical Sweetening
2. Hydrodesulfurization
3. Fluid Bed Catalytic Cracker
4. Moving Bed Catalytic Cracker
5. Hydrocracking
6. Lube Oil Processing
7. Lube and Wax Hydrotreating
8. Middle and Heavy Storage and Blending
IV. Residual Hydrocarbon Processing
1. Deasphalting
2. Asphalt Blowing
3. Residual Oil Hydrodesulfurization
4. Visbreaking
5. Coking
6. Residual Hydrocarbon Storage and Blending
A.6-2
-------
Petroleum Refining Industry (cont'd.)
V. Auxiliary Processes
I
1. Wastewater Treating
2. Steam Production
3. Process Heaters
4. Pressure Relief and Flare Systems
Basic Petrochemicals Industr^
I. Olefins Production] Processes
1. Thermal Cracking
2. Oil Quenching
3. Water Quenching
4. Compression
5. Acid Gas Removal
6. Water Removal
7. Demethanation j
8. C2 Separation
9. C- Separation
10. C. Separation
11. Heavy Fractionition
II. Butadiene Productiion Processes
I
1. Separation and Purification
2. Butane Dehydrdgenation
3. Butenes Dehydrlogenation
III. BTX Production Processes
1. Hydrotreating
2. Aromatics Extraction
3. Cg - Cg + Aromjatics Separation
4. Cg Aromatics (jractionation
5. Para-xylene Crystallization
6. Para-xylene Absorption
A.6-3
-------
Basic Petrochemicals Industry (cont'd.)
III. BTX Production Processes (cont'd.)
7. C« Aromatics Isomerization
8. Toluene Disproportionate/ Transalkylation
9. Hydrodealkylation
IV. Naphthalene Production Processes
1. Extraction of Dicyclic Aromatics
2. Hydrodealkylation to Produce Naphthalene
V. Cresols and Cresylic Acids Production Processes
1. Acidification
2. Product Recovery
VI. Normal Paraffin Production Processes
1. Separation of Normal Paraffins
A.6-4
-------
APPENDIX A.7
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CONTROLS FOR PROCESS FUGITIVE EMISSIONS
-------
-------
TABLE A.7-la MISCELLANEOUS SPECIFIC OPERATION STANDARDS
Ventilation
Operation or Industry
Abrasive Wheel Manufacture
Grading screen
Barrels
Grinding wheel dressing
Aluminum Furnaces
Asbestos
Bagging
Carding
Crushing
Drilling of panels
containing asbestos
Dumping
Grinding of brake
shoes
Hot press for
brake shoes
Mixing
Preform press
Screening
Spool winding
Spinning and twisting
Weaving
Auto Parking Garage
Ceramic
Dry pan
Dry press
Aerographing
Spraying (lead glaze)
Type of Hood
Enclosurebooth
Close canopy
Enclosurebooth
Enclosure
Enclosure booth
Enclosure
Enclosure
Moveable hood
Booth
Enclosure
Enclosure
Booth
Enclosure
Enclosure
Local Hoods
Partial
Canopy with
baffles
2 Level
Enclosure
Local at die
At supply bin
Booth
Booth
De
Air Flow or
Capture Velocity
50 fpm at face
400 fpm at face
400 fpm at face
150-200 fpm
through opening
250 fpm through
all openings
1600 cfm/card
150 fpm through
all openings
400 fpm capture
velocity
250 fpm face
velocity
400 fpm - minimum
capture at the
tool rest
250 fpm through
all openings
250 fpm face
velocity
250 fpm through
all openings
200 fpm through all
openings but not
less than 25 cfm/
sq ft screen areas
50 cfm/spool
50 cfm/ spool
50 fpm through
openings
500 cfm/Parking
Space
200 fpm through
all openings
500 cfm
500 cfm
100 fpm (face)
400 fpm (face)
Minimum
sign Duct
3000
3000
3000
2000
3500
3500
3500
4500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
2000
A.7-1
-------
TABLE A.7-1'
MISCELLANEOUS SPECIFIC OPERATION STANDARDS
(concluded)
Operation or Industry
Coating pans
(pharmaceutical)
Cooling tunnels
(foundry)
Core knockout (Manual)
Core sanding (on lathe)
Forge (hand)
Outboard Motor Test Tank
Packaging Machines
Paper Machine
Quartz fusing
Rotary Blasting Table
Silver Soldering
Steam Kettles
Varnish Kettles
Wire Impregnating
' Ventilation Minimum
M~ n^,, «v. Design Duct
TyP* of Hood ^JlT^ verity
Air flow into
opening of pan
Enclosure
Large side-draft
or semi -booth--
exhaust near
floor
Downdraft under
work
Booth
Side draft
Booth
Downdraft
Complete
Enclosure
Canopy
Booth on bench
Enclosure
Free Hanging
Canopy
Canopy
Covered tanks
100-150 fpm through
opening
75-100 cfm per
running foot of
enclosure
200-250 cfm/sq ft
dust producing
working area
100 fpm at source
200 fpm at face
200 cfm/sq ft of
tank opening
50-100 fpm at face
95-150 fpm down
100-400 fpm opening
200-300 fpm at face
150-200 fpm at face
500 fpm through all
openings when in
operation
100 fpm at source
150 fpm at face
200-250- fpm at face
200 cfm/sq ft of
opening
3000
- - - -
3500
3500
1500
3000
to
4000
1500
3500
2000
2000
1500
Source: Reference 1.
A. 7-2
-------
Reference
1. Committee on Industrial Ventilation. Industrial Ventilation: A Manual
of Recommended Practices. 17th Edition. Lansing, MI. 1982.
A.7-3
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.8
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
FUGITIVE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS (IPFPE)
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.8*
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
FUGITIVE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS (IPFPE)
Appendix A.8 contains Industry-specific control techniques for
fugitive particulate emission sources. The industries presented are
as follows:
Industry Page
Mining (Generic) A.8-2
Primary Aluminum Production . A.8-3
Primary Copper Smelting A.8-4
Iron Production A.8-5
Steel Manufacturing A.8-6
Primary Lead Smelting A.8-7 & 8
Primary Zinc Production A.8-9
Secondary Aluminum Smelters A.8-10
Secondary Copper & Brass/Bronze Smelters A.8-11
Foundry Operations (Generic) A.8-12
Secondary Lead Smelting A.8-13 & 14
Secondary Zinc Production A.8-15 & 16
Lime Manufacturing A.8-17
Portland Cement Manufacturing A.8-18 & 19
Concrete Batching A.8-20
Asphaltic Concrete Manufacturing A.8-21
*U.S. EPA. Technical Guidance for Control of Industrial Process
Fugitive Particulate Emissions"EPA-450/3-77-010.March 1977.
A.8-1
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR MINING IPFPE SOURCES
Source
Control
Applicate control
RQ wflOQ/ COBBWn t3
Estimated
efficiency
Overburden removal
Drilling/Blasting
Shovels/True Jc
ore loading
Haul road truck
transport
Truck dumping
Crushing
Trans for/Conveying
Cleaning
Storage
Haste disposal/
Tailing piles
watering/Rarely practiced
Watering, cyclones, or fabric filters
for drilling/Employment of control
equipment increasing
Mats for blasting/Very rarely employed
Watering/Rarely practiced.
Watering/By far the most widely
practiced of all mining fugitive
dust control methods
Surface treatment with penetration
chemicals/Employment of this
method increasing
Paving/Limited practice
watering/Rarely practiced
Ventilated enclosure to control
device/Rarely employed
Adding water or dust suppressants to
material to be crushed and venting
to baghouse/Fairly commonly practiced
Enclosed conveyors/Commonly employed
Enclosure and exhausting of transfer
points to fabric filter/Limited
employment
Very little control needed
since basically a wet process
Continuous spray of chemical on
material going to storage piles/
Rarely practiced
Watering (sprinklers or trucks)/
Rarely practiced
Chemical stabilization/
Limited practice
Vegetation/Commonly practiced
Combined chemical-vegetative
stabilization/Rarely employed
Slag cover/Limited practice,
50t
no data
SO*
sot
sot
90-95t
sot
35-90%
95t
90-99t
85-99t
(depends on
control de-
vices)
90t
sot
aot
65»
90t
90-99%
A. 8-2
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR PRIMARY
ALUMINUM PRODUCTION IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Primary AliMrtnu* Production
1. Mjttrfals roetvlnf and handling (Including
cenvtyHift grinding, icraonlng. lining, and
past* preparation)
2. Anadt toeing
1. Eloctralytlc raduetlOH call
«. Wining and casting
2
s
*.
1
3
3
f
|
i
£
njamve OHSSIOHS CWTUK AW CONTROL MCTHOOS
j
J
«
3
!
w*
?
i
*
2
j
J
Prtvtntattv* practduras
and oporatlnf changm
^*
U
w
!
&
s
V
»
h
9
\
^
I
1
f
a*
!
a
s
2
§
u
1
Mt
*
«
1
1
S
«
1
1
ri
a
2
i
w
\
X
t»
1
w
b
Q
«
i
a
3
I
X
X
1
*
2
!
F
k.
"o
V
S
2
V
S
I
X
X
. X
Cjpturt
mttnods
w
1
X
X
X
M«
i
\
i
!
s
3
S
«
X
1
I
«l
^S
i
01
Rtmoval
WUlp^flt
i
w
X
.
k
Si
>i <
S X
Typical central
a In us* (b«t not typical) central ttcimiqut.
* Tiemlcally fMSlbl* central
A. 8-3
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
PRIMARY COPPER SMELTING IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Primary Copper Smiting
1. Unloading and handling of are concentrates
Z. Ore concentrate storage
3. limestone and flux unloading and handling
4. Limestone flux storage
5. Soaster charging
S. Roaster leakage
7. Calcine transfer
8. Charging reverteratory furnace
9. Tapping of reverteratory
10. Reverteratory furnace leakage
11. Slag tapping
12. Converter charging
13. Converter leakage
14. -Slag tapping fro* converter
15. Blister capper tapping
16. Blister copper transfer
17. Charging blister copper to fire refining
furnace
18. Capper tapping and casting
19. Slag tapping and handling
20. Slag pile dumping and cooling
i Negligible Missions
illy uncontrolled |
w
a
w
lei
tft
a.
£
i
/
: j
J
J
J
J
/
/
'
J
j
1 /
"TJGITIVE ENISSIOMS CAPTURE AND CONTUOL METHODS
CVJ
n
§
ES identified In Si
Control technologll
/
/
/
/
Preventatlve procedures
and operating changes
w
1
I
1
41
e
vt
41
wt
4.
3
w*
0
41
e
e
o
raw ttaterlal quail
e
o
u
e
9
«
I
rs and procedures
w
&
91
e
"o
Better contro
1
*
91
2
CL
j
e and/or c on si rut 1
e
41
Improved »alnl
8
tit
wi
§
W
"w
'o
V
w
u*
5
K
tt
41
U
i
i 0 0
0 '
i
!
! . * !
1 '
0
!
lo
0
X
Cetotur*
nwtnods
u
1
L.
e
q
S
u
!
i
tfl
d
4>
X
*»
2
i
Closed buildings wltb evacuatlun
*
«
a i a , «
o ! o : +
o ' a ' »
a a *
o i a . * i
* + *
»
*
.
. i .
* *
.
*
*
+
*
*
*
*
« »
+ * t
eouionent
t»
^
Scrubber
-*
t
1
!
a a
a ; a
0 C
a
i
a i
0
a i
a
a
a
a
* i
*
*
*
+
*
*
.
»
. »
j
!
*
Typical control technique.
In use (but not typical) control technique.
Tecnnically feasible control technique.
A. 8-4
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
IRON PRODUCTION IPFPE SOURCES
industry: Iron Production
1. Ship or railroad car unloading
2. Iron ore storage
3. Iron ore handling and transfer
4. Limestone storage .
S. Limestone handling and transfer
S. Coke storage
7. COM handling and transfer
a. Blast furnact flut lust storage
9. Blast furnact flut dust handling and transfer
10. Sinter Machine windbox discharge
11. Sinter *ec«1ne discharge and screens
12. Sinter cooler
13. Sinter storage
It. Slnttr handling and transfer
IS. Blast furnact charging
16. Blast furnace upsets (slips)
17. Blast furnact tapping - iron
18. Blast furnace tapping - slag
1). Slag handling
20. Slag duaplng and storage
21. Slag craning
Negligible emission
'
'
'
2
|
I
f
I
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS :AP-HJ»E AND CONTROL *CTHOOS
(M
e
o
e
1
Control technologic
/
^
/
J
/
/
J
J
'
J
Prtventatlvt oroctdurts
»
5
§
S
I mjftojd i
nance and/or construct loi
e
7
1
t
t
1
Ml
a*
w
w
b»
9
S.
|
«t
W
9
V
1
k
II distance (chute or o
i
V
J
x
t !
1
1
.
X ! ' 1 *
X «
*
*
X
j o o
1
1
*
9
1
i
9 I *
j
»
*
C»eture
netnods
u
^1
rtalns. partitions, cover
-
i
Mt
V
"A
*
x ! *
a££2nt
w
W
1
J
I
i
**
1
*
* )
x i
i
*
*
4>
X
*
|
i Typical control ttcnniqut.
9 In us* (but not typical) control ttefmiqm.
Ttcnnlcally feasible control ttclmlqut.
A, 8-5
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
STEEL MANUFACTURING IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Steel Manufacturing
1. Scrap steel unloading, transfer ind storage
I. Flux material unloading, transfer, and storage
3. Molten pig Iron transfer froai tarpedos to
charge ladles (hot metal reladllng)
4. Basle oxygen furnace - roof monitor (total)
*a. Charging
4b. Leakage
*c. Tapping-steel
ad. Tapping-slag
5. Open Dearth furnace - reef monitor (total)
Sa. Charging
Sb. Leakage
Sc. Tapping-steel
5d. Tapping-slag
6. Electric are furnace - roof monitor (total)
Sa. Charging
Sb. Leakage
Sc. Taeping-sttel
Sd. Taoping-ilag
7. Ingot casting
3. Molten steel reladllng
9. Scarfing
S
w*
H*
I
r
9*
V
at
v
'
/
1
I
a
«
2
ft
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE M* COHTROL METHODS
ra»e
J
£
9
"a
z
§
8
?
Q.
*
y
1.
w*
W
1
<«
S
e
o
1
a
a
e
»
2
S
S
Cjpturt
MtfiOds
u
e
1
u
e
i
X
M.
0
a
»
«
»
3
3
^
i
0
a
i
5
^
X
9
?
i
*>
5
*
*
-
0
o a ; » i a
a ! a I » ; a
a
a
*
a
a a
a i a
a
a
a a
a o
a a
a
a
0
a
a
0
a a
a : a
a
0
a
Removal
equipment
01
^
5
i
5
i
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
0
a
a
9
0
0
<*
a
Typical control technique.
e In use (but not typical) control technique.
» Technically feasible control technique.
A, 8-6
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
PRIMARY LEAD SMELTING IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Primary ttad SMltlng
1. Railroad car ind truck unloading
la. UfflMtoiw
Ib. Silica sand
Ic. Itad art conctntritt
Id. Iron ort .
It. Cokt
Z. Blast fumact flut dust
2*. Storagt
2b. Handling ind transftr
3. Uimwnt
3a. Storagt
3b. Handling and tramftr
4. SfUci sand
4a. Storagt
4b. Handling tnd transftr
S. Lead ort conctntraM
Sa. Storagt
5b. Handling and tr«n*ftr
6. Iron art
Sa. Storagt
66. Handling and trans/tr
7. Cott
7a. Storagt
7b. Handling and trwwftr
a
~
' S
I
w
i
* M
S 2
3 »
««
1 *
OK
i
"*
« £
£ ~
/
'
J
/
/
i
|
1 j
\
/
^
/
J
/
PUGITfVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE AND CCNTSOL TKIOS
CM
"'
**
X
1
|
w*
1
^
1
S.
'a
^
e
a
w
/
/
/
/
/
/
'
/
/
,
'
/
/
/
Prtvtfititivt oroccdurej
and aetritinq cnangts
i
!
1 \i
1 C '
* *» - !
; a :2
) 3* 1 -» 1
- 2
| jj : o. w
« 3 - ' 5
i > S -v i s i
3 i w «
a * a «<
s - - s !
« a i a =
a 2 2
1
f c
a
w
|
w
* C M
3 3 S £
V
S
1
1
5
,
i
1
i
Ctoturt
mccnods
5
a ~i
i ' Si
5 -5
^
* J
> O
£w
u
1
1 ;
i '
i
i
1
i
Semovil
wuismtnt
i
t
i i
I
i
i
b j
j j
C i
>_ i ^ ' w
1
i i
1
1 f
i |
t
control ttcnmqu*.
0 In utt (but not typical) control ttcnniqut.
* Ttcmically fttsiblt control ttcmtqut.
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
PRIMARY LEAD SMELTING IPFPE SOURCES
(concluded)
IMuHnr *no>fy Loo* Swltlnt
1. Hlitno IM ooUomlnt
t. Slimr oocnioo uMroft omoMt loouoo
10. SI n tor rttiint MMllnf
11. SI "tor oocflliw dliciwroo IM icrwm
12. Slnwr cnnum.
11. SI "tor tnmftr U *o» oroo
14. stiitir unmet MOD orao
IS. Uttrto ear or contour loMlif fvraoc* loouoo
2«. SIlMr POtart tolldtnf
2S. LOM eutmt
1
0*
t
*
3
e
1
k,
«
W
1
«
S
s
:
i
'
^
'
'
fusiriw ottssKw urrmt MO coNrm. nrrwos
CM
n
en
j
I
2
y
1
s
?
*
!
"rtiWloHl w 9^VCoMtfTVf
w
!
i»
i
s
1
«
i
^
3
9
o
1»
1
*.
*
i
r control of r«
JC
1
*
9
S
1
M
1
|
a
s
1
0
i 11
i ii
0
.
X
X
9
X
-t
x
I
*
|
i
i
5
V
«
i
0
* i
X
«
*
(Uotw«
ttneot
w
M
W
|
!
*
£
W
!
I
!
A
W
S
>
3
J
^
W
9
0 I
0
9
9
a
«
9
9
*
9 9 ;
9
*
! !
*
*
0 ' 0
0
0
«St
1
a
a
*
>
0
0
0
k
*
£
1
j
«
0
1
i Tjrotcol control ttcmtou*.
o In MO (out not tyvicol) control tocmiqiM-
* Toei*i«u11; footlblo control Mcmtono.
A,8-8
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
PRIMARY ZINC PRODUCTION IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Primary Zinc Production
1. Railroad car or truck unloading
la. Zinc ore concentrate
16. Sand
1c. Coke
2. Zinc ore concentrate
2a. Storage
26. Handling and transfer
3. Sand
Ja. Storage
36. Handling and transfer
4. Coke
la. Storage
46. Handling and transfer
S. Sinter machine windoox dlscnarg*
6. Sinter machine discharge and screens
7. Coke- sinter tuner
9. Retort furnace building
8a. Retort furnace tapping
36. Retort furnace residue discharge and
cooling
3c. Retort furnace upset
9. Z1nc casting
wt
tft
I
My uncontrolled |
Ok
X
s
/
i;
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE AND CONTROL METHODS
CM
§
s Identified in S<
;c lino log Ic
Control t
<
<
J
;
Preventatlve procedures
and operating changes
1
O
w
.5
e
vi
1
I
*
\
0
\
w
X
aw Material quail
J
S
o
2
$ and procedures
«
41
O
a
0*
|
e
o
3
t*
W
f
.
I
e
2
tt
I
i
V
u*
S
I
u
^
1
s
w
e
i ,
1
(J
1
a
1
«
"c
£
+ :
X
«
j , j|
» ,
X
CtOtur*
ntt nodi
ttlons. covers, etc.
w
3
I
1
u*
flCNtfall
1
V
i
|
«J
41
1
^
J
T>
«J
Mt
w
>
1 i
;
o a
0 0
* *
i »
0
*
0
wuipment
w
b.
ft
i
1
t
* ;
0
0
*
0
« Typical control tecnmque.
o In use (but not typical) control technique.
Technically feasible control technique.
A. 8-9
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
SECONDARY ALUMINUM SMELTERS IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Secondary Aluminum Processing
1. Sweating furnace
2. Crushing ind screening scrip metal
3. Chip (rotary) dryer
4. Smelting (reverMratory) furnace
5. Smelting (crucible) furnace
6. Smelting (induction) furnace
7. Fluxing (chlorinatlon)
8. Hot dross handling ind cooling
9. Pouring not metal Into molds or crucible
Wt-
*
8
tl
*>
e
I
r
-
§
£
£
/
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE ANO CONTROL METHODS
2
J!
e
1
M
I
s
"o
a
Preventatlve procedures
ind operating changes
w
1
!
1
i
M*
I
*
II
o
e
A
\
S
S
\
1
1
t
i
2
2
§
W
2
ocedures
a.
41
|
1
S
u
k
1
;
o
£
e
w
i
u
1
«
4J
W
e
2
-
0
*
l
s
«
1 I
! i
i
Capture
methods
"
Mt
W
U
1
w
2
3
W
i
t*
.a
K
£
*
1
^
.1
X
§
3
W
1
I
41
w*
*
1
» :
1
X 0
i i
. '
* i *
i
Rtmovtl
Nuiomtnt
w
*»
w
-
X
,
,
1
u
,
erburner
«
>
X X
1
1
s Typical control ttcnniau*.
o In ult (but not typical) control ttcnmout.
Ttcnnle»lly feasiblt control ttcimiquc.
A.8-10
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
SECONDARY COPPER, BRASS/BRONZE PRODUCTION IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Secondary Capper, trass/ Bronst
Production
1. S»Mt1ng furnact
la. Charging
1b. Tapping
2. Drying
2a. Charging
2b. 01ieh.ara.1ng
3. Insulation turning
4. Eltctrlc Induction furnact
4a. Charging
4b. Tapping
S. Rtvtrotratory furnact
Sa. Charging
Sb. Tapping
6. Rotary furnact
6a. Charging
6b. Tapping
7. Cruel bit furnact
7a. Charging
7b. Tapping
8. Cupola (blast) furnact
Sa. Charging
8b. Tapping
J. Casting
3
M
8
It
A
91
it
V
5
>
i
|
«
b
2*
u
£
1
I
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE ANO CONTROL HCTHOOS
CM
m
g
u
llrt
c
*a
v
«>
i
Mt
V
9
1
«U
mm
>
e
9
w
/
?r*v*nt«itivt Broctdurts
*nd optritlng cn«ng«
~
w
1
w
^
-
J-
1
«l
9;
;
i
i
e
:
*
e
9
w
i
X
"
I
w
I
5
o
2
e
u
fc
s
**»
1
W
-a
M
2
I
II S?
1
a
|
3.
g^
:
1
o
9
a*
W
>
V
5
a
1
c
Ml
w
fc.
t
1
4*
a
7
5
1
*
*
0 «
0 *
a
a
a
0
*
O
a.
e
w
i
^
"3
*
1
i
S
J>
S
*
»
*
4>
*
*
Cipturt
iMtnods
w
.
hi
1
t
.^
>
S
. curl*
«
$
£
a
!
41
£
H
tl
I
S
2
+
a *
«
I
3
U
£
|
5
*
A
"Z
o
w
*
* ' *
» * * .
'
a » , * i
a ! + ! *
I
a * . * ,
0 i » »
i
o ; +
t
*
0
a
a
0
° i
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Removal
Kmomtnt
t
«
-
i
1
w
4
*
a
"
° !
i ;
* i
0 1
a
i
o ;
o .
a
a
a
a
a
e
a
i
x Typical control ttcnmqut.
a In ust (but not typical) control ttcnniqut.
* TtcnnicaMy feaslblt control ttcnniqut.
A, 8-11
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
FOUNDRY IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Foundries
1. Ra* natenal receiving and storage
2. Cuoola furnace operation
3. Crucible furnace operation
«. Electric arc furnace operation
S. Open hearth furnace operation
6. Electric induction furnace operation
7. Pot furnace operation
8. Reveroeratory furnace operation
9. Ductile iron innoculation
10. Pouring molten metal into molds
11. Casting snakeout
12. Cooling and cleaning castings
13. Finishing castings
U. C:re sand and cere binder receiving and storage
S. Core sand and binder muing
16. Core making
17. Core baking
IB. Held sand and binder receiving and storage
19. Sand preparation
20. Mold making
missions 1
Negligible
ce typically uncontrolled ]
3
e
w*
1
/
I
i
!
i
'
i
I
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE AND COHTBQL METHODS
CM
n
§
S
V?
e
i
ti
i
1
o
e
e
w
,
Preventatlve procedures
and operating changes
i
w
w
o
1
1
e
o
U
i
t fay enclosure
Conf Inemen
trol of raw Material quality
M
i
trol of operating parameters and procedures
o
t*
tt
!
5
1
§
|
U
U
o
1
i
*c
i
o
|
1
|
»
i i
\
i i
1 ;
i !
|
I
]
i
i
1 1
i ;
i
0
9
i
Capture
*
w
tt
a
u
|
I
e
*
3
a
j
1
Wt
1
V
1
!
w
i
I
1
U
V
JS
O)
e
5
3
o
01
!
i
X 1 »
x o *;
.1 *
*
» > i *
x ! o , *
'*! ' *
I* X*
II 0 ' *'
x ! »| *
x i »
X
01
*
*
^ 1
0
ol
0 |
Rcimvtl
equipment
u
£>
X
X
Scrubber
1
U
X .
X
I
X X i
* x t
* < X
1
X : X
X \
*
X
\
0
0
0
i
0
o
0
x Typical control technique.
0 In use (but not typical) control technique
» Technically feasible control technique.
* Typical for never Installations. For ductile
ratner tnan entire building evacuation.
Iron Innoculation evacuation is "ore of a local type evacuetior.
Ata-i2
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
SECONDARY LEAD SMELTING IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Secondary Ltad Smelting
1. Railroad car and truck unloading
Coke
Limestone
Lead scrap
Iron scrap
2. Coke
2a. Storage
2b. Handling and transfer
3 . Limeetone
3a. Storage
3b. Handling and transfer
4. Lead scrap
4a. Storage
4b. Handling and transfer
i. Iron scrap
Sa. Storage
Sb. Handling and transfer
6. Lead and iron scrap burning
7. Sweating furnace
7a. Charging
7b. Tapping
8 . Reverberaeory furnace
8a. Charging
3b. Tapping
s
o
Wl
8
V
9»
o
B.
X
>
"a.
X
u
^
i /
V [
1
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE AND CONTROL xrrnocs
CM
CO
e
o
^
Control technologies idei
J
J
^
Pr»v*ntativ« oroctoures
and Oatriting cnanqes
1
1
Uet suppression (water ai
«i
M«
^
"5
«
s
e
9
w
erlal quality
ng paramelers and procedures
or construction program
primary control system
Better control of raw mal
Better control of operat
Improved maintenance and/
Increase exhaust rate of
'
; ;
: i i
I ]
; » 0 - 0
, i
i
i
0 ' 1
0
I
Caotur*
netnods
fixed hoods, curtains, partitions, covers, etc.
Movable hoods Hllh flexible ducts
Hosed buildings Hllh evacuation
! 1
* i * *
*' - .
Rnnaval
labile filter
Sirublier
ISI>
1
I
- i :
I
x T/picil control tecnmsjt.
o in -.se (but not typical) control ttcnntque.
» T»cnnically ftajiale control tecnnique.
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
SECONDARY LEAD SMELTING IPFPE SOURCES
(concluded)
Industry: Steomury ma Sffltlting
9. Blast or cupola furnae*
9a. Charging
9b. Itid tapping to holding pot
9e. Slag tapping
10. Tapping at holding pot
11. ?ot ik«ttl«) furnac*
lla. Charging
lib. Tapping
12. Casting
lyible e»i&&ion&
^
v
2
I
3
a.
a*
V
i
^i
i^
5
i
j
i
i
PUGITTVE EWISSIOHS CAPTURE AND CONTROL *rrHoos
esj
r-i
e
a
-
a
i/»
V
1
^
ol Iccluiolu4|iei
to
e
a
w
Preventa t
iv« sroctaurej
and ootPicmg cnangts
~
^
%
w
s
^
1
1
wt
|
tt
W
a
a
i
\
£
»
i
i
w
9
r control
i
^
1
i
»!
II
s
5
i §
i «.
r A
'i 1
W ' ^
-i 2
1 §'
f
*
W
a
r control
»
1
*
U
e
i
9
41
a
|
0
s
^ !
"o -
^ (
i,
|
?
w
^
41
V
°l
i
01
0 i I
'
i
1
t
1
1
1
1
Caoturt
rutnodJ
j
3
^
u
a
u«
i
«
e
S
V
;
ii i
W
V
J
9
i
=
* * *
* ; * * t
* ' * ' * '
*;,«.,
I
I ;
*' *
* * ' *
*
[
< ! 1
i
!
i
1
I
'emovll
Muiomtnt
1
'
i
W
V
5 1
» ' w
ft
1
i
*
*
*
* 1
.1 :
* ' 1
«,
i
x T»;ical control tecimsut.
a In us« (but not tyflieiU control ttcnmqut.
- Tecinicilly '««jioi« car.trol ttenniqu*.
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
SECONDARY ZINC PRODUCTION IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Secondary 21 nc Production
1. Crushing/screening of residue s«1«*1ngs
2, Reveroeratory sweat furnace
2a. Charging
26. Tapping
3. Kettle (pot) meat furnace
3a. Charging
36. Tapping
4. Rotary sweat furnace
4a. Charging
46. Tapping
S. Muffle sweat furnace
Sa. Charging
Sb. Tapping
S. Electric resistance sweat furnace
6a. Charging
66. Tapping
7. not metal transfer to melting furnace
3. Crucible melting furnace
Sa. Charging
36. Tapping
9. Kettle (pot) melting furnace
9a. Charging
96. Tapping
§
e
1
ly uncontrolled |
u
1
-
i
'
ruGim£ otrssrows CAPTURE AW CONTROL iF'Hoos
m
n
e
a
I
c
V
|
£
8
1
2
Pr«»entatl»e procedures
me operating changes
ter and/or cheaical)
3
Ml
M*
I
W»
j
2
X
S
2
!
O
I
k
V
I
I
1
k
I
a
r
i
er control
2
a
nance and/or construction program
{proved Mlnte
a
8
Increase ennaus
a
a
a
a
a
0
a
0
a i
|
a
a
a-
a
Capture
methods
w*
1
I
a*
s.
i
w
a
a
a
0
9
a
Hovable hoods Kith Menlble ducts
§
4
"l
Ot
e
2
o
w
o
*
a
a
*
0 *
a
i
o a | »
a o ,
i
al a »
01 a : «
a
0
0
a *
!
0
0
0
a
a
0
a
a
*
*
Removal
u
4
0
0
0
1
0 i
a 1
a
e
«
a
a
i
a
a
a
a.
.rl
i Typical control technique.
o In use (but not typical) control technique.
» Technically feasible control ttcnnlque.
A.8-15
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
SECONDARY ZINC PRODUCTION IPFPE SOURCES
(concluded)
Industry: Secondary Zinc Production
10. Reveroeratory uniting furnace
lOa. Charging
lOb. Tapping
11. Electric Induction netting furnace
lit. Charging
lib. Tapping
12. Hat netal transfer to retort or alloying
13. Distillation retort and condenser
13* Charging distillation retort
13b. Leakage between retort and condenser
13c. Upset 1n condenser
13d. Taoplng
14. Muffle distillation furnace and condenser
14i. Charging muffle distillation furnace
146. Leakage betxeen furnace *nd condenser
14c. Upset In condenser
14d. Tapping
IS. Alloying
16. Casting
M
Hi
!
.a
1
^
1
I
I
5;
u
wt
/
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE AKO CONTROL HETHOOS
m
ri
i
w
£
-
3
5
|
41
|
0
I
Preventative procedures
ind operating cnanaes
* * i
i
" ;
I
u
5
1
u
5
V l ""»
9
C
O
V
*
|
^
1
§
1
*
1
!
h.
o
^
o
t»
*
1
?
a.
1
e t
«
w
C
e
u
I 1
o
"^
V.
I
w
1
\
|
*
2
1
s
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
Capture
etnods
u
4)
^
^
U
0
U*
3
K
"5
W»
1
V
i
0
ol o
1
s
W*
41
*
*
1
01 0 , *
01 0 * '
. , *
! 1
[
31 0 *
0| 0 *
0! 0 1 *
01 0 ' * '
1
a! o , *
0:0 *
01 0 ! *
01 0 «
*l » ; *
*
* *
)
Removal
eguiomcnt
^
=
^
0
0
i
3
*
1
0
2
" i
*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
a
*
*
i Typical central ucfm1a,u«.
o In ust (put not typical) control ttcnniqut.
* Ttcnnlcally f*as1b1t control ttcftnlqiM.
A.8-16
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
LIME MANUFACTURING IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Lime Manufacturing
1. Limestone/ dolomite cnanjing to primary
cnisner
2. Primary erusBIng
3. Transfer points and associated conveying
4. Primary screening
5. Secondary crushing
6. Secondary screening
7. Crusned limestone storage
8. Quicklime screening*
9. Quick) 1ma)/hydrated lime crusnlng and pul-
verfzlng mtii leaks from mill and fnm
feed discharge txnaust systems6
10. Lime product silo vents
11. Truck, rail, ship/barge loading af quick-
lime and hydrate* time
12. Packaging quicklime and hydrate line
u*
s
£
at
o*
I
I
FUGITIVE EWISSIOMS
(M
rl
U
e
i
1
s
|
c
o
/
J
^PTjRE AND CONTROL "E'-OCS
Prevencjtiv* arocedures
ind 9pcrsC1nq cnangss
er ind/or chemicil)
tot suppression (wi
9
41
f
X
>iure- partUI or
w iiuterlAl qu*il i
e
A
1
x
9 .
9 *
9
«
u
a
2
I
w
rs ind procedures
tlon proyrlm
letter control of operiling pinnete
proved minlenince ind/or construe
s
'.
£
J
^
41
4f
^
41
i
> !
1
3 I
i
0
.
a 9
i
a
1
*
X
Capture
netnods
lied hoods, curliuis. pirtillons, covers, etc.
luvible hoods wllh lien idle ducts
ed buildings wllh eviiuition
ing spout Kith outer concentric isplntlon duct
2! -
i
° i
0 ] .
9
9
0 |
1 1
99 ,9
a
efluisme't
i i
- i
J w
c/i
i
3
9 3C
9
3 0C
3 ,
9
|
9 9
3
9
> Typical control ttclmique.
o In use (but not typical) control ttcnmque.
* Technically feasible control tectwique.
' Met suppression Halted due to potential iBoalmnt of aeterlal quality.
B Control of feed/dlscnara*
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
PORTLAND CEMENT MANUFACTURING IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Portland Cement Manufacturing
1. Sax material unloading (rail. Mrge. truck)
Z. 9*« material charging to primary crusher
3. Primry crusher
I. Transfer points and associated conveying
5. vibrating screen
6. Secondary crusher
?. Unloading outfall to storage
8. Ra» material storage
9. Transfer to conveyor via cttasMll
10. Raw grinding mill and feeeVdlscnarge exhaust
system*
11. Ran o lending
12. Blended material
13. Coal storage
14. Transfer of coal to grinding alii
IS. Leakage from coal grinding} Bills
16. Unloading-clInker/gypsuB outfall to storage
17. CIlnker/gypsuB storage
18. Cltnker/gypsuB load-out
19. Finish grinding »1th leaks froa mill and from
feed/discharge exhaust systeas
|
«
Wt
8
i
>( source typically uncontrolled |
I
t
i
'
/
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE »w COHTKOI IETHCOS
1
S
e
9
«
e
41
o
1
**
Is
-
/
/
/
/
^
/
/
/
Prevent* tlv» groetdurts
and operating cnanges
Suppression (water and/or chenlcal)
J
0
0
0
0
41
1
41
W
3
a
"i
41
i
§
«
X
Wl
41
(J
41
Q.
I
O
O
41
t
I
oved Maintenance and/or construction progr<»
»
5
S
I
i
!
'
J
* 1 i
*
X | 0
t
ob
X
0
X
X
Q
j
i
9
0
1
0
0
i
9
0
Capture
netnods
d hoods, curtains, partitions, covers, etc.
wt
1
»
«l
e
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
PORTLAND CEMENT MANUFACTURING IPFPE SOURCES
(concluded).
Industry: Portland Camtnt Manufacturing
20. CMtnt silo vtnts
21. Ctmtnt loading
22. Ccntnt packaging
j
i
! «
' 01
K
: z
<*
e
o
i/t
ji
s
A
]?
S
i
3
X
IT
*
2
a
x
V
u
i
s
|;£
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE AND CONTROL IETJQCS
M
f*»
|
»
.
!' J
s i i
!;
« : 2
w ' 1
1 ! -
V ' <«*
2 i
i
9
1
«
V
j
^
8
8
1! 5 I
<
X
Capture
methods
1 i 1
U
i ; i
i e
< a
* | . z
. I 1 1 X
"* 1
i- :
« i
9 !
w I 1
s - i s
2 S 2,
- -3 -
r i §i
« j3 < « 1
a. ' > ,
x U t
. i v f
ifi
s, '
* £ , I ,
3 i « 1 31
W
y"
9
M
^i
«
1
JS
i
1
I
0
0
P
p
e
5
1
O
&
wt
f
! o
0
'efflova!
equ isment
|
1
i
|
|
! 1
1 :
! |
1
I
i
i
i
[
i
Si i.
"i S
w I 2
i' i
!
0 I
0
0
2
W
w
d
<)
0
i Typical control tccnniqut.
o In use (out not typical) control technique.
Technically fuslblt control technique.
* Control of feed/discharge ends of grinding «111s (typically controlled By fabric filters) considered point source
control. Fugitive Missions art leaks fro pick-up points of these system.
0 wet supervision limited due to potential impairment of material quality.
A.8-19
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
CONCRETE BATCHING IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Concrete BatcMng
1. Sand and aggregate storage
2. Transfer of sand and aggregate to elevated bins
3. Cement transfer to elevated storage silos"
and silo vents
4. yeign noooer loading of cement, sand, and
aggregate
5. Mixer loading of ceMflt, sand, and aggregate
(central mix a I ant)
S. Loading of transit mix !»et batching) truck
7. Loading of flatbed (dry oaten) truck
G
9
tfi
I
JJ
a
I
5
"3
I
^
^
£
O
o.
1
-
I
I
t
1
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CAPTURE AND CONTROL METHODS
CVJ
(*>
1
X
u
denltft
V
a
1
w
'o
3
J
i
Preventatlve procedures
and operating crungtj
*»
*
s
5
J
i*
1
§
V*
S
i
3
"*
1
e
tt
1 I
I
i
1
|
s :
b. . gt
I
*
>« 1 V*
s
£
§
4 W **
to u
5 S i
* I S
1*
i
f
KJ
X w
: §
o o
2
5
W
i
2
e
w
u
9*
u.
!
«
V
i
OJ
e
i
1
I
I
**
i
i
1
X
* i
i
i
i
i
Capture
Mtnods
j
u
3
J"
^
K
-|
^
2
K
«>
f
-
1
V
i
1
£
0 I
1
0 '
o o : !
0 0 ,
'
i
j j
1
1
j
Removal
eouioment
i
w
"
3
w
U
U
X
.K
0
s
w
w
A
1
o : o
a o
o o !
o i o
o a
Typicil control tietmiqut.
o In use (but not typical) control tec rim gut.
* Technically feasible control ttc^mque.
* For bucket tltvator*.
A,8-20
-------
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR
ASPHALTIC CONCRETE MANUFACTURING IPFPE SOURCES
Industry: Aspnaltlc Concrete Manufacturing
1 . Storage of caarte and fine aggregate
2. Unloading coarse and fine aggregate to cold
Bins
3. Cold aggregate elevator
4. Dried aggregate elevator
S. Screening not aggregate
6. Hot aggregate elevator (continuous »i» plant)
e
i*
w«
S
1
1
q
«
|
S
O
X
*
§
*
w
Q.
I
i
I
FUSIT1YE EMISSIONS CAPTURE AMD CONTROL METHODS
ev<
«
*"
§
-------
APPENDIX A.9
LIST OF CHEMICAL OUST SUPPRESSANTS
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.9*
LISTING OF CHEMICAL DUST SUPPRESSANTS
Appendix A.9 contains two separate listings of chemical suppres-
sants. The first list (page A.9-2, 3 & 4) presents limited information
on various chemical suppressants concerning product type, uses, and
application rates. The second list (page A.9-5) presents selected soil
stabilizing chemicals and their resultant control efficiencies.
The reference to or mention of manufacturers and their products in
these two lists does not constitute an endorsement of such manufacturers
or their products by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
*U.S. EPA. Technical Guidance for Control of Industrial Process
Fugitive Particulate Emissions':EPA-450/3-77-010.March 1977.
A.9-1
-------
CHEMICAL DUST SUPPRESSANTS, USES,
AND APPLICATION RATES
Company/address
phone/contact
Product name/
product type
Uses/comments
Density, dilution
and application rates
Dow Chemical Co.
2020 Dow Canter
Midland, Mich.
517-636-1000
Mr. Harold Filter
Witco Chemical Corp.
Golden Bear Division
Post Office Box 378
Bakarsfield, Calif. 93302
805-399-9501
Mr. William Canessa
XFS - 4163L
Styrene-Butadiene
Cohere*
Cold water emulsion
of Petroleum Re«ina
American Cyanamid
Wayne, New Jersey 07470
201-831-1234
Mr. L. S. Randolph
E.. P. Houghton * Co.
Valley Forge Tech. Center
Madison t Van Buren Ave.
Norristown, PA 19401
215-739-7100
Mr. Todd Sutcliffe
Monsanto
800 N. Lindbergh Blvd.
St. Louis, MO 63166
314-694-3453
Mr. James A. Cooper
Air Products t Chemicals,
Inc.
5 executive Rd.
Suedesford Road
Wayne. PA 19087
Union Carbide Corp.
West St. t Madisonville Rd
Cincinnati, Ohio 45227
513-292-0206
Mr. wm. Mike Brown
Semi-pave
Cold asphalt cutback
with antistrip agent
Aerospray 52 binder
Surfax 5107
Rezosol 5411-8
Polymer
Gelvatol 20-90
Polyvinyl alcohol
resin
Gelva Emulsion S-5S
Polyvinyl acetate
homopolymer
Vinol 540
Polymer (water soluble)
OCA-70
Mulches such as straw,
wood cellulose fiber, and
fiberglass. Used to pre-
vent wind loss of mulches
during stabilization
periods such as reseeding
periods.
Unpaved haul roads and
stockpiles. Can be used
around human or animal
habitats - very clean - no
heat required. Can be
stored for 12 months or
longer. Muat be protected
from freezing - unless
freeze stable type is used,
Can be spread through any
type of equipment used to
spread water.
Penetration of unpaved
areas - low traffic volume
roads - parking lots etc.
Can be handled without
heat if ambient tempera-
ture is SO'F or higher.
Seed membrane protection,
excavation, construction,
slope stabilization
Coal loading, quarries,
cement plants, crushers,
sintering plants.
Storage pile*, railcars,
road sides.
Surfactant and protective
colloid in emulsion poly-
merization.
Adhesives
Two grades: 1) soluble in
water (washed away with
rain), 2) relatively in-
soluble in water.
Stabilize steep grades,
tailings ponds. Not for
vegetation growth.
8.5 Ibs/gal.
40 gallons XFS - 4163L:
360 gallons water
400 gallons/acre
8.33 Ib/gal.
1:4 dilution, 1-1.5
gal/yd* for parking
lots and dirt roads.
1:7 dilution 0.5 to
1 gal/yd2 for thin
layer or loose dirt,
light traffic, service
roads.
1:10 dilution for a-.d
in packing surface
250 gallons/ton .
0.6 to 0.8 gal/yd1*
a.3 lb/gallon
2:1
1 gallon/100 ft*
8.5 Ib/gallon
1:1000 or higher
8.75 Ib/gal
1:30 ,
40 gal/1000 ft ,
recommended 2 applici
tions
30-40 lbs/ft3
10 to 20 percent by
weight
500 lb/55 gallon drum
1% by weight
1 to 7 percent by
weight
Slurried in cold water
or heated to insure
complete mixture in
solution
9.25 Ib/gal
2:1
A. 9-2
-------
CHEMICAL DUST SUPPRESSANTS, USES,
AND APPLICATION RATES
(continued)
Company/address
phone/contact
Product name/
product type
Uses/comments
Density, dilution
and application rates
Enzymatic Soil of Tucson
6622 N. Los Arboles Cr.
Tucson, Arizona 85704
602-297-2133
Mr. Bob Mundell
Asphalt Rubberizing Corp.
1111 S. Colorado Blvd.
Denver, Colorado 80222
303-756-3012
Mr. Jewell Benson
Enzymatic SS
Peneprime
Low-viscosity, special
hard-base asphalt cut-
back
Johnson-March Co.
3018 Market St.
Philadelphia, PA 19104
215-222-1411
Mr. Sam Jaffa
Grass Growers
P. 0. Box 584
Plainfield, HJ 07061
201-755-0923
Mr. Eisner
Compound-MR (regular)
Compound-SP-3 01
Compound-MR (super-
concentrate)
Compound-SP-400
Coal Tarp
Tarratack-1
Tarratack-2
Tarratack-3
Hold down dust on haul
roads, tailings, stock
pile. Will retard growth
of weeds or plants. Seal
lakes, stock tanks, stabi-
lize odors around stock
pens.
Control of wind, rain, or
water erosion of soils.
Applied to roads and
streets to allay dust and
stabilize surface to carry
traffic. Does not allow
seed germination. Very
light applications (0.2-0.4
G.S.7. may accelerate seed
germination due to warming
of black surface. Applica-
tions above 0.4 G.S.'t,
inhibit plant growths
through hardness and tough-
ness of the crust formed.
Plant growths through the
crust may be further inhi-
bited by addition of sev-
eral oil-soluble steril-
ants. Sterilants kill
plant as it emerges. The
material may be applied at
temperatures as low as
75*F by conventional as-
phalt distribution equip-
ment.
Usually used with a spray
system or storage piles,
conveying systems.
Used on haul roads, park-
ing lots, stabilizing
cleared areas, aid in
vegetation growth.
Same as Compound-MR
(regular)
Same as Compound SP-301
Designed for use in coal
industry: coating over rail
cars, trucks to prevent
transportation losses etc.
Prevents seed germination.
Mulch binder used for
stabilizing any type of
grass to be grown.
Same as Tarratack-1
Same as Tarratack-1
8.34 Ib/gal
1:1000
1000 gallon/20 to 30
0.85 S.G.
dust abatement - 0.2
gal/yd*
erosion control - 0.5-
1.0 gal/yd?
1:1000 water
applied as needed
1 gal/100 ft * depend-
ing on conditions.
Application lasts 6
months to a year
1:3500 water
Same as Compound
SP-301
Application lasts 1 to
5 years
5 Ib: 250 gal water,
mixed with wood fiber
mulch (40 Ib/acre)
5 Ib: 150 gal water,
mixed with hay or straw
(40 Ib/acre)
Mixed with hay or straw
40 Ib/acre
Mixed with wood fiber
only
A.9-3
-------
CHEMICAL DUST SUPPRESSANTS, USES,
AND APPLICATION RATES
(concluded)
Company/address
phone/contact
Product name/
product type
Uses/comments
Density, dilution
and application rates
Oubois Chemical
Oubois Tower
Cincinnati, Ohio
513-762-6000
Mr. Burger
Mona Industries, Inc.
65 E. 23rd St.
Paterson, NJ 07524
201-274-8220
Mr. George Lowry
AMSCO Division
Union Oil Company of
California
14445 Alondra Blvd.
La Hiroda. Calif. 90638
714-523-5120
Dr. Ralph H. Bauer
Floculite 600
Honawet MO-70E
Res AB 1881
Styrene Butadiene
Used in waste water treat-
ment from mines. Also
helps keep down dust on
haul roads.
Used in coal industry as
dust suppresant
Soil stabilizer particu-
larly in con]unction with
wood fiber matches. Free
pumping in conventional
hydroseeding equipment.
Not to be applied in soils
with pH less than 6.0.
1-2 lb/1000 gal
0.1 percent in water,
must be reapplied when
water evaporates
3.2 * 0.1 Ib/gallon
A, 9-4
-------
SOIL STABILIZING CHEMICALS
AND CONTROL EFFICIENCIES
Dust Suppression Chemical
(water plus as listed)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Dustrol "A" 1:5000
T-Det 1:4
CaO 1%
CaCl2 2%
Cements 5%
Coherex 1:15
Coherex 1:8
Coherex 1 : 4
Dowell Chemical Binder 1%
Do we 11 Chemical Binder 2%
Dowell Chemical Binder 3%
1% CaCl2, in 1:5000 Dustrol "A"
1% CaO in 1:8 Coherex
1% CaO in 2% Dowell Chemical
Binder
1% CaO in 3% Dowell Chemical
Binder
Dried Whole Blood 5%
Dried Pork Plasma 5%
Dried Pork Plasma 3%
1% CaCl2 in 3% Pork Plasma
Dri-Pro 5%
1% CaO, 1:3000 T-Det in 2%
Dowell Chemical Binder
1% CaO, 1% CaCl2, 1:4000
Dustrol "A" +2% Dowell
Chemical Binder
Control Efficiency (%)
-7.8
76
2.8
33.8
26.8
22.5
15.5
97.2
70.4
97.2
97.2
15.5
31
95.1
81.7
27.1
79
96
52
7
98.6
98.6
A, 9-5
-------
-------
APPENDIX B.I
UNIT CONVERSION FACTORS
-------
APPENDIX B.I
UNIT CONVERSION FACTORS
This appendix provides conversion factors to express the emission stream
characteristics in the units specified in the calculation procedures. Example
calculations are included to illustrate the application of the equations and
conversion factors. Table B.l-1 presents a listing of commonly used
conversion factors.
Conversion Factors:
Concentration:
From:
ppmv
volume fraction
mole fraction
mole percent
weight fraction
volume or mole % Divide by 10,000
Multiply by 100
Multiply by 100
" Same as volume (percent)
11 Use the following equation:
y. = 100 (x./m.)/ 2 (x./MW.) (1)
where:
y. = volume or mole percent of
component i
xi
MW.
weight percent
weight fraction of component i
molecular weight of component i
Ib/lb-mole
number of components in the
emission stream
Divide by 100 and apply Equation 1
B.l-1
-------
Temperature:
From:
°C
Flow rate:
From:
m /min
Ib/min
scfm
Viscosity:
From:
centipoise
Io:
Or
Io:
scfm
scfm
Ib-mole/min
Io:
Ib/ft-hr
Multiply by 1.8 and add 32
m (387/MWavg)
Multiply by 35.31
Use the following equation:
Q
where:
Q = flow rate, scfm
m = flow rate, Ib/min
MW
(2)
avg
average molecular weight,
Ib/lb-mole
and the factor 387 denotes the volume
occupied by 1 Ib-mole of ideal gas at
standard conditions.
The average molecular weight is
expressed as:
MW
avg
(1/100) 2
y. MW.
(3)
Divide by 387
Multiply by 2.42
B.l-2
-------
EXAMPLE CASE
The moisture content of an air stream with a flow
rate of 5,000 Ib/min is 0.05 expressed as weight
fraction, (a) What is the moisture content in terms
of volume (percent)? (b) What is the flow rate
expressed as scfm?
(a) Use Equation 1:
*H20 ' 10° /t + ^
where:
XH20 * °'05
MWH 0 - 18 Ib/lb-mole
*air
* 29 Ib/lb-mole
O I I
Then,
(b) Use Equation 3:
MWavg = (1/100) [(yH2Q x MWH2Q) + (yair x MWair)!
* (1/100)[(7.8 x 18) + [(100 - 7.8) x 29]]
- 28.1 Ib/lb-mole
and
m * 5,000 Ib/min
Insert the values for MW and m into Equation 2:
Q = 5,000 (387/28.1)
Q = 68,860 scfm
B.l-3
-------
TABLE B.l-1
CONVERSION FACTORS
From
To
Multiply by
Pascal
Pascal
Centimeter of Hg
Pound-force/square feet
Joule
Joule
Watt
UC
Meter
Meter
Square Meter
Square Meter
Cubic Meter
Cubic Meter
Cubic Meter/Second
Kilogram
Centipoise
Tons (refrigeration)
Atmosphere (760 mm Hg)
Pound-force/square inch
Feet of water
Inches of water
Btu
Watt-hr
Horsepower
°K
Feet
Inch
Square Feet
Square Inch
Cubic Feet
Gallon (U.S. Liquid)
Gallon/Minute
Pound-mass
Pount-force/feet-hr
Btu/hr
9.870xlO"5
1.450xlO"4
0.4460
0.192
9.480xlO"4
2.778NO
1.340xlO"3
(°Cxl.8)+32
°F+460
°C+273
3.28
39.37
10.758
1.55xl03
35.31
2.643xl02
1.585xl04
2.205
2.42
12,000
B.l-4
-------
APPENDIX B.2
PROCEDURES FOR CALCULATING GAS STREAM PARAMETERS
-------
APPENDIX B.2
PROCEDURES FOR CALCULATING GAS STREAM PARAMETERS
At many plants, it is common that one pollution control system is
used to serve several emission sources. In such situations, the combined
emission stream parameters must be calculated from mass and heat balances.
Procedures for calculating the combined emission stream and single emission
stream parameters listed below are provided in this appendix.
Flow Rate and Temperature (Section A)
Moisture Content, $03 Content, and Dew Point (Section B)
Parti culate Matter Loading (Section C)
Heat Content (Section D)
A. Emission Stream Flow Rate and Temperature Calculations
Only gas volumes at standard conditions (70°F, 1 atm.) can be
added together. Thus, volumes of all gas streams must first be
converted to volumes at standard conditions. This calculation is
shown below. [Note: It is assumed that the emission streams are
approximately at atmospheric conditions; therefore, pressure corrections
are not necessary.]
, a
"0
460 + Tei
where: Qel, a = f°w rate °^ 9as stream #1 at actual conditions (acfm)
Tej = temperature of gas stream #1 (°F)
Qei = flow rate of gas stream #1 at standard conditions (scfm)
This calculation is repeated for each emission stream which, when
combined, will be served by the control system. The total gas stream
volumetric flow rate at standard conditions (Qe) is calculated by
adding all gas streams, as follows:
Q62
where: Qe = flow rate of combined gas stream (scfm)
The temperature of the combined gas stream (Te) must be calculated to
convert this combined volumetric flow rate at standard conditions
(Qe) to actual conditions (Qe,a)-
B.2-1
-------
The temperature of the combined gas stream (Te) is determined by first
calculating the enthalpy (sensible heat content) of each individual
stream. The calculation procedures are shown below.
Qel x 0.018 Btu x (Tei - 70) = Hsi
ft3-'F
where: Tej_ = temperature of gas stream #1 (°F)
Hsi = sensible heat content of gas stream #1 (Btu/min)
This calculation is repeated for each emission stream. The total
sensible heat is calculated as follows:
where: Hs = sensible heat of combined gas stream (Btu/min)
The combined gas stream temperature (Te) is calculated as follows:
H x ft3-°F x 1 = T
~ Btu U
where: Te = temperature of combined gas stream (°F)
The actual combined gas stream volumetric flow rate at actual
conditions (Qe a) is then determined as follows:
0.
530
where: Qe>a = flow rate of combined gas stream at actual conditions (acfm)
B. Moisture Content, S03 Content, and Dew Point Calculations
Moisture content is typically reported as a volume percent. The
calculation procedures require that the volume percent moisture content
of each stream be converted to a Ib-mole basis, added together, and
then divided by the total combined gas stream volumetric flow rate
(Qe) to obtain the moisture content of the combined gas stream. The
moisture content is calculated below both on a volume percent and mass
percent basis. The mass basis is to allow for the dew point calculation.
B.2-2
-------
The moisture content is converted from a vol % basis to a Ib-mole
basis as follows:
Mel x ..\ x
TOTS 4l4 scf
where: Me} = moisture content of gas stream #1 (% vol.)
Mel,l = moisture content of gas stream #1 (Ib-mole/min)
This calculation is repeated for each emission stream to be combined.
The moisture content of the combined gas stream on a volume percent
basis (Me) is calculated by adding, as follows:
Mel,lm + Me2,lm + = Me,lm
Me,lm x ?14 scf x 1 x 100% = Me
1 b-mo 1 e TQe
where: Me ]m = moisture content of combined gas stream (Ib-mole/min)
Me = moisture content of combined gas stream (% vol)
The moisture content of the combined stream must be reported on a mass
basis (Me>m) to determine the dew point. This is calculated as follows:
Me,lm x 18 1b = Me>m
Ib-mole
where: M6jrn = moisture content of combined gas stream (Ib/min)
The amount of dry air in the combined gas stream (DAe) is calculated
as follows:
29 Ib = DAe
414 scf b-rno e
where: DAe = dry air content of combined gas stream (Ib/min)
B.2-3
-------
Calculate the psychometric ratio as follows:
Me>m/(DAe - Me>m) = psychrometric ratio (Ib of water/lb dry air)
Knowing the psychrometric ratio and the gas stream temperature,
the dew point temperature is selected from Table B.2-1.
The presence of sulfur trioxide ($03) in the gas stream increases
the dew point of the stream. If the $03 component is ignored during
the dew point determination, condensation may occur when not expected.
In addition to the problems associated with the entrainment of liquid
droplets in the gas steam, the $03 will combine with the water droplets
to form sulfuric acid, which causes severe corrosion on metal surfaces
and deterioration of many fabrics used in baghouses. Therefore, the
determination of the stream dew point must consider the presence of
$03. Uith information on the 803 content (ppm vol.) and the moisture
content (% vol.) of the gas stream, the "acid" dew point temperature
can be determined from Figure B.2-1. Figure B.2-1 provides dew points
for two moisture levels, however, dew points can be estimated for other
moisture values.
The $63 content of a combined gas stream is calculated by first
converting the 863 concentration of each individual stream to a Ib-mole
basis. The $03 content is calculated as follows:
sel x _L, x
10 to
Ib-irole
414 scf
where: Sei = 863 content of gas stream #1 (ppm vol.)
sel,lm = S03 content of gas stream #1 (Ib-mole/min)
This is repeated for each separate gas stream. These are then added to
obtain the total $03 content of the combined gas stream to the control
device as follows:
, 1m +
Ib-mole
where: Se>im = $03 content of combined gas stream (Ib-mole/min)
Se = $03 content of combined gas stream (ppm vol.)
B.2-4
-------
TABLE B.2-1 DEW POINT TEMPERATURES
Gas Stream Temperatures
Psychometric
Ratio 70 80 90 100 120 140
Dew Point Temperatures
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
0.055
0.060
0.065
0.070
0.075
0.080
0.085
0.090
0.095
00000
54 58 61 65 70
62 65 68 71 77
68 72 75 77 82
77 80 82 87
85 87 91
89 91 95
95 98
98 101
104
107
109
111
114
116
118
119
0
76
82
86
91
94
98
101
104
107
109
112
114
116
118
120
122
123
124
128
(°F)
160
CF)
0
81
86
90
94
98
100
104
107
109
112
114 .
116
118
120
122
123
125-
130
140
180
0
86
90
94
97
101
104
107
109
112
114
116
118
120
122
124
125
130
140
165
200
0
89
94
97
100
103
107
109
111
114
116
118
120
122
123
125
130
143
162
180
220
0
93
97
100
103
106
109
110
114
116
118
120
122
124
125
130
140
168
180
205
240
0
96
100
103
106
109
111
114
116
118
120
122
124
125
130
150
170
182
205
225
B.2-5
-------
1000
£
Q.
c
-------
With information for the $63 content of the combined gas stream (Se)
and the moisture content of the combined gas stream (Me), the acid
dew point is determined from Figure B.2-1.
C. Particulate Matter Loading
Participate matter concentrations usually are reported in grains
per acf. The procedures below may be used to determine the particu-
late loading to a control device (in Ibs/hr) when gas streams are combined.
el,g x Qel.a x 60 ">1n * _ .] b = Wel
hr 7,000 gr
where: Wel.g = particulate loading for gas stream #1 (gr/acf)
wel,l = particulate loading for gas stream #1 (Ib/hr)
This is repeated for each gas stream and the results are added
to obtain the particulate loading for the combined gas stream.
"el.l + We2j + ... « We,l
where: Wej = particulate loading for combined gas stream (Ib/hr)
The particulate loading of the combined gas stream can be converted to
a concentration as follows:
We i x 7,000 gr x 1 hr x 1 = We q
Tt> 60 min
where: We>g = particulate loading for combined gas stream (gr/acf)
D. Heat Content Calculation
The heat content of gas stream #1 (hej_) can be determined from
the heat of combustion of its components using the following equation:
n
hel = (0.01) £ yel§1 x hel)i
1=1
where: hei = heat content in gas stream #1 (Btu/scf)
yel,i = volume percent of component "1" in gas stream #1 (% vol.)
he]_ i = heat of combustion of component "i" in gas stream #1: see
Table B.2-2 (Btu/scf)
n = number of components in gas stream #1
8.2-7
-------
TABLE B.2-2. HEATS OF COMBUSTION AND LOWER EXPOSIVE LIMIT (LED
DATA FOR SELECTED COMPOUNDS*
Compound
Methane
Ethane
Propane
n-Butane
Isobutane
n-Pentane
Isopentane
Neopentane
n-Hexane
Ethylene
Propylene
n-Butene
1-Pentene
Benzene
Toluene
Xylene
Acetylene
Naphthalene
Methyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Ammonia
Hydrogen sulfide
aSources: Steam/Its
LEL
(ppmv)
50,000
30,000
21,000
16,000
18,000
15,000
14,000
14,000
11,000
27,000
20,000
16,000
15,000 '
13,000
12,000
11,000
25,000
9,000
60,000
33,000
160,000
40,000
Generation and Use.
Net Heat of
Combustionb»c
(Btu/scf)
892
1,588
2,274
2,956
2,947
3,640
3,631
3,616
4,324
1,472
2,114
2,825
3,511
3,527
4,196
1,877
1,397
5,537
751
1,419
356
583
The Babcock & 'Mil cox
Company.New York, NY.1975.
Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases.
Volatile Solids -Il97t.National Fire Protection
Association. Boston, MA. 1977.
DLower heat of combustion.
cBased on 70°F and 1 atm.
B.2-8
-------
The heat content of a combined emission stream can be determined
from the heat content of the individual emission streams as follows;
he = (0.01)
yej x hej
where: he = combined emission stream heat content (Btu/scf)
yej = volume percent of stream "j" in combined gas stream (% vol.)
hej = heat content of stream "j" in combined gas stream: see
previous discussion (Btu/scf)
m = number of individual gas streams in combined gas stream
EXAMPLE CASE
Calculate the heat content of an emission stream
from a paper coating operation (gas stream #1) with the
following composition data: methane (44 ppmv), toluene
(73 ppmv), and others (4 ppmv). Let subscripts "1" and
"2" denote methane and toluene, respectively.
hel = (0.01) (yel>1 x hel>1 + yel>2 x helj2)
Convert the concentrations to volume percent basis:
Methane: yei,l = 0.0048 (assume "others"
is equivalent
to methane)
Toluene: yel,2 = 0.0073
From Table B.2-2:
Methane: heifi = 892 Btu/scf
Toluene: h$it2 = 4,196 Btu/scf
Substituting these values in the above equation
yields:
hei = 0.35 Btu/scf
B.2-9
-------
TABLE B.2-3 PROPERTIES OF SELECTED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS3
Compound
Acetone
Benzene
n-Butyl acetate
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Cyclohexane
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl alcohol
Heptane
Hexane
Isobutyl alcohol
Isopropyl acetate
Isopropyl alcohol
Methyl acetate
Methyl alcohol
Methylene chloride
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Perchloroethylene
Toluene
Trichlorethylene
Trichl or otrifluoroe thane
Xylene
a
Source: Chemical Engineer
Molecular
Weight
(Ib/lb-mole)
58
78
116
74
154
119
54
88
46
100
86
74
103
60
74
32
85
72
100
166
92
131
187
106
's Handbook.
Boiling
Point
133
176
257
243
170
142
176
171
173
209
156
225
191
181
135
148
104
175
244
250
231
189
118
281-292
Perry, R.H. and
Chilton, C,
Book Company.
TedsT.Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill
New York, NY. 1973.
B.2-10
-------
APPENDIX B.3
DILUTION AIR REQUIREMENTS
-------
-------
. APPENDIX B.3
DILUTION AIR REQUIREMENTS
This appendix describes the calculation procedure used in determining
dilution air requirements.
Dilution Air Calculations
The quantity of dilution air (Q.) needed to decrease the heat content of
the emission stream to h, is given by the following equation:
Qd - C(he/hd) - l]Qe (1)
where:
Qd - dilution air flow rate, scfm
h - emission stream heat content before dilution, Btu/scf
hd = emission stream heat content after dilution, Btu/scf
Qe - emission stream flow rate before dilution, scfm
The concentrations of the various components and flow rate of the
emission stream have to be adjusted after dilution as follows:
°2,d = °2 + 21 t1 - Wl (2)
M« H Ma (hyhj + 2 [1 - (h./hj] (3)
e,d e d e' fc x a e/J ^ '
Qe?d - Qe (he/hd) (4)
where:
0, A = oxygen content of diluted emission stream, volume percent
t,d
M0 A - moisture content of diluted emission stream, volume percent
6 ,U
rate of the diluted emission stream, scfm
B.3-1
-------
The factor "21" in Equation 2 denotes the volumetric percentage of oxygen in
air and the factor "2" in Equation 3 is t'he volumetric percentage of moisture
in air at 70°F and 80 percent humidity.
After dilution, the HAP emission stream characteristics are redesignated
as follows:
02
hfi - hd - _ Btu/scf
Qe - Qe,d - - scfm
B.3-2
-------
APPENDIX B.4
THERMAL INCINERATOR CALCULATIONS
-------
-------
APPENDIX B.4
THERMAL INCINERATOR CALCULATIONS
This appendix describes the derivation of the equations used in
calculating supplementary fuel requirements (Qr), additional combustion air
requirements (Qc), and resulting flue gas (Q*a). It also describes how the
various parameters in the equations are to be determined and discusses the
application
atmosphere.
application of the equations. Standard conditions assumed are: 70°F and 1
Derivation:
For a given combustion temperature (T ), the quantity of heat needed to
maintain the combustion temperature in a thermal incinerator (Hc) is provided
by: (a) the heat generated from the combustion of supplementary fuel (H^),
(b) the heat generated due to the combustion of hydrocarbons in the emission
stream (Hg), (c) the sensible heat contained in the emission stream as it
leaves the emission source (H ), and (d) the heat gained by the emission
stream through heat exchange (Hhe). Thus,
Hc - Hf+He+Hs+Hhe (1)
Each term in Equation (1) is expanded as follows:
A. The heat supplied by the supplementary fuel (H^J is equal to the flow
rate of the fuel (Q^) multiplied by its heating value (h^) as follows:
Hf - Qf hf (2)
8. The heat generated due to the combustion of the hydrocarbons in the
emission stream (Hg) can be calculated from the flow rate of the emission
stream (Q ) and its heat content (h ) as follows:
c 6
He = Qe he
B.4-1
-------
C. The sensible heat content of the emission stream as it leaves the process
and before it enters the thermal incinerator system (H ) is expressed as:
Hs - Qe Cpe (Te - Tr) (4)
where:
Cp - average specific heat of the emission stream
(based on the temperature interval T to T ), Btu/scf-°F
Tg = temperature of the emission stream, °
tream,
°
Tr = reference temperature, = 70 F
The average specific heat for the emission stream over a given
temperature interval can be determined from the average specific heat of
its components (Cp.) using the following expression:
n
Cpe = (1/100) I y.Cp. (5)
i - 1
where:
y. = volume (percent) of component i in the emission stream
Cpi » average specific heat of component i, Btu/scf-°F
n - number of components in the emission stream
Values for Cp. can be obtained from Table B.4-1 where average specific
heat data for several compounds are presented as a function of
temperature. As an approximation, the average specific heat of the
emission stream can be assumed to equal the average specific heat of air
containing water vapor over the same temperature range.
Since Cp t - 1.2 Cp . over the temperature range 70-2,200°F, Cpg can
be approximated as:
Cpe = [1 + 0.2 (Mg/100)] Cpa.r = (1 + 0.002 MS) Cpair (6)
where:
M = moisture content of the emission stream, volume percent
B.4-2
-------
.a
(O
t/i
o
u.
a
Li_ i
O <«-
u
to 1/1
t ^
LU 4->
I CQ
o
a.
u- c_?
o
a.
1 0>
i.
>
LU tr)vDOfovoco-^nif)p--
Mfnco^r«a-ijOLnLOir)U3ij3vovo
o o o o o.o o o o o o o o
ooooooooooooo
Of>^"C"*)Cj»cnLnLO'3-< ir^CMin
c^CT>evimr^.ocM^voooCT>< tcvi
c\Jc\jcocnro^r«a-<3-«a-«3-<5fLOir)
ooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooo
'-'ojcnioc'O' ir^oocon^ocrio
ojco'^-vocoO' iro^rior^coo
cvjCMOjcvicviroroconcnrod'S-
ooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooo
OOCTIOOO- '< ICMCMPO^J-LD^O
r>»r-.oocoeocooocococacocooo
ooooooooooooo
OOOOOOOOOOOOO
oa>rH« looo^ocsjoocooopo'**
CDP')lOVOfy^P>.OOCTlCT>OO« '-'
CMCMOJOslOJCMCMCMCSJOOCOOOCO
ooooooooooooo
OOOOOOOOOOOOO
OO> ico«a-vocoocvi«3-vooo
COCOCOOOCOCOCOCTG'iG'iO'lCTCT
ooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooo
OO< ic\jcounr^CTiocM«!r«3r~.
COOOCOOOCQCOCQCGCTiCTIO^crvOI
ooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooo
^4Oix)oO'-i«3-r^CT>'-«cOLf>r-^co
cococooocricnc>*f-ic\j»*-iooocn
CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ^ ^ O\ O^ OS O^
ooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooo
f«»CMCMC\jC\JCMCMC\JCMCMevjCMCM
r~t iCT>i~--Lnfni leni ^Lnn^na^
cxicnin^ap>< 'c*j*ti^oooOf-i
M A * « M « ««
< I I t I i-H i i CVI CM
o
c
3
o
a.
u
M-
0
4->
J=
O)
a!
s_
cu 3
s. u
3 ai
+> I
rtj O
i- E
01
£ -<=
0) 4->
M
^
O)
't- T3
u >
01 -
Q. -a
I/I
T3
o oo
c co
1
i. 3
2 s
c
i- CO
ai t/)
s- «
2 ^3
*->
ra E LU
S_ ^ o
i-« a. .a
T3 3
C C 4->
a) at to CQ
s- ^=
OJ 4J U. 0
*4- 0 -t-i
(U &. O
Q£ O f-~ +->
<4- S_
C. OJ
01 0 >
a) en c
<-) to "O O
s- s_ a> u
3 O) 00
Q > a} O
OO «< CQ 1
-------
The value for Cp,.^ will be based on Ta when Equation 6 is substituted in
dl i 6
Equation 4. This approximation introduces relatively insignificant error
into the results.
D. The sensible heat content of the emission stream after heat exchange with
the flue gas (H^ ) can be expressed as:
Hhe " 'eCPe = V'e
-------
Mra " moisture content of the flue gas, volume percent
F. The flue gas flow rate (Qfa) is determined from the emission stream flow
rate (Qg), supplementary fuel (natural gas) flow rate (Qf), and
additional air flow rate required for combustion of the supplementary
fuel and hydrocarbons in the emission stream (Q-).
Qfg - Qe + Qf + Qc (10)
G. The additional combustion air requirement (Q ) is a function of the heat
content (hg) of the emission stream, the concentration of oxygen (02) in
the emission stream, and the amount of supplementary fuel (Q^) needed to
attain the desired combustion temperature (T ). The total amount of air
required equals:
1. Air required for combustion of hydrocarbons in the emission stream
(CL ,): Since this quantity depends on the actual composition and
c, i
concentration of the hydrocarbons in the emission stream, a rule of
thumb can be used: 1 scf of air is required during combustion for
every 100 Btu's of heat generated. Thus, the air required can be
expressed as:
Qc>1 = 0.01 He
2. Air required for combustion of supplementary fuel (Q ~): Assume
C, c-
natural gas with the following properties as the supplementary
fuel:2
Composition:
CH4: 90% (volume)
CpHg: 5% (volume)
N2: 5% (volume)
B.4-5
-------
Lower heating value: 882 Btu/scf
The combustion reaction can be represented as follows
CH4 + 202-*-C02 + 2H20
C2H6 + 3.5 02 -^2C02 + 3H20
1 scf of CH4 requires 2 scf of 02 and 2 scf of 02 is equivalent to
2 x (100/21) = 9.52 scf of air. Similarly, 1 scf of C2Hg requires
3.5 x (100/21) « 16.67 scf of air. For natural gas with the above
composition, the total amount of air required for Qr is:
Qc 2 * (0.9 x 9.52 + 0.05 x 16.67) Qf
Qc'>2 - 9.4 Qf
3. Excess air to ensure complete combustion (Q,. ,):
C, 0
Qc,3 = {0'01 He + 9'4 Qf> (0'01 ex)
where :
ex » percent excess air.
Therefore, the total amount of air required can be expressed as a
summation of the three terms discussed above:
Qc,l + Qc,2 + Qc,3 * (0-01 He + 9'4 Qf)(1 + °'01 ex) (11)
At this point, the amount of oxygen available in the emission stream must
be taken into account when calculating the combustion air requirement. The
quantity of air that corresponds to the oxygen concentration in the emission
stream is [(0,/100)x(100/21)QJ = 0.0476 0-Qa. Since this quantity is
£ 6 £ c
available for combustion, the additional combustion air requirement (Q ) is
the total amount of air required from Equation 11 less the amount of air
available in the emission stream. Thus,
Qc - (0.01 He + 9.4 Qf) (1 + 0.01 ex) - 0.0476 02Qe (12)
B.4-6
-------
Since the percentage of CJt^c in natural gas is small, assume that the
combustion of natural gas does not lead to an increase in volume. 1 scf of
natural gas with 9.40 scf of air produces 10.43 scf of flue gas, an increase
of less than 0.3 percent in volume. Also, since emission streams treated by
thermal incineration are typically dilute mixtures of VOC and air, assume that
the combustion of the VOC in the emission stream does not lead to an increase
in volume.
The emission streams treated by thermal incineration generally contain
significant quantities of oxygen. In such cases, the combustion air
requirement is zero and the flue gas flow rate is expressed as:
Q
fg
(13)
Substituting Equations 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 13 into Equation 1 and solving
for Qr yields the following expression:
[CPfq (Tc-Tr) - Cpe (The-Tr) - he]
hf-CPfg (Tc-Tr)
(14)
If the combustion air requirement is greater than zero (e.g., process
emissions), then the flue gas flow rate (QfJ can be expressed as:
Qf - Qe + Qf + [(0.01He+9.4Qf)(l+0.01ex) - 0.0476 02Q
(15)
Substituting Equations 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 15 into Equation 1 and solving
for Qr yields the following expression:
0.01he (1+0.01 ex)-O.Q476
hf - [10.4 + 0.094 ex)] CPfg (Tc-Tr)
(16)
Simplification of Equations 14 and 16:
As indicated earlier, Cpg and Cp^ can be calculated using Equation 5 if
the composition of each stream is known. As an approximation, Equations 6 and
9 can be substituted in Equations 14 and 16 for Cpg and Cp~ , respectively.
8.4-7
-------
The value for M will be available from input data. The term M~ can be
calculated as follows. The moisture in the flue gas is due to .the moisture
entering the system with the emission stream and combustion air and the
moisture generated as a result of combustion.
1. Moisture in the emission stream (Mo,):
MOj = 0.01 Qe Mfi
2. Moisture in the combustion air (Mo2): Assume the moisture content
of combustion air is M (volume, percent):
Mo2 » 0.01 Qc MC
3. Moisture generated from supplementary fuel (natural gas) combustion
(MOg): 2 scf of H20 is generated from combustion of 1 scf of CH4
and 3 scf of hLO is generated from combustion of 1 scf of C2Hg.
Mo3 = (0.90 x 2)+(0.05 x 3) Qf = 1.95 Qf
4. Moisture formed from combustion of hydrocarbons in the emission
stream (Mo^): Assume that the amount of moisture formed is
equivalent to 15 percent of the theoretical combustion air
requirement.
Mo. = (0.01 H ) 0.15 = 0.0015 H
^ G 6
The total moisture in the flue gas is:
4
2 Mo. = 0.01 Ma Qa + 0.01 Mr Qr + 1.95 Qf + 0.0015 H0
1 6 S C C T "
Hence, Mf can be expressed as:
B.4-8
-------
Mfg - 100
0.01 MO + 0.01 M Or + 1.95 Qf + 0.0015 H
S 6 C C T §
[Qe + Qf + Qc]
(17)
For the case when Q is zero,
Mfg - 100
0.01
1.95 Q + 0.0015
(Qe + Qf)
(18)
For the case when Q is zero, substituting Equations 6 and 18 into
Equation 14 and simplifying leads to the following expression:
Qe[(H-0.002Me+0.0003he)GPa.r(Tc-Tr)-(U0.002M6)Cpa.r(The-Tr)-he]
hf - 1.4
(19)
For the case when Q is greater than zero, substituting Equations 6, and
17 into Equation 16, and simplifying leads to the following expression:
-------
Cpe' Cpfq Use E3uation 5 and Table B.4-1 if
composition data are available. If .
approximate values are sufficient, use
Equations 6 and 9 with Table B.4-1 when the
values M and Mr are known.
Cpair Use Table B.4-1.
T Obtain value from Table 4.1-1 or from
permit applicant.
T 70°F.
expression if the value for T. is not
Calculate T. using the following
expression
specified.
Tho = (HR/100)
where HR is the heat recovery in the
exchanger, percent. Assume a value of
50 percent for HR if no other information
is available (see Appendix B.5 for details
of the heat exchanger design).
ex Use a value of 18 percent if no other
information is available.
hr Assume a value of 882 Btu/scf if no
other information is available.
M Use a value of 2 percent (air at 70°F and
80 percent humidity) if no other
information is available.
B.4-10
-------
For emission streams that are dilute mixtures of VOC and air, use
Equation 14 or 19; for others, use Equation 16 or 20. Equations 19 and 20 are
based on Equations 14 and 16 with the values for Cpg and Cpf approximated
from Cp,.,. and corrected for presence of moisture. Note that if a negative
QII
value is obtained from Equation 16 or 20, this indicates that Q * 0.
As preheat temperature (Tu ) and/or heat content (h ) of the emission
stream increase, Equations 14 and 16 or 19 and 20 predict that no
supplementary fuel is needed to attain the desired combustion temperature in
the incinerator. However, a certain amount of supplemental fuel is always
required to ensure that the emission stream is raised above its ignition
temperature so that its heat content will be released. The heat supplied by
the supplementary fuel fuel is Hr - Qrhr. In this manual, it is assumed that
a minimum H^ of 5 Btu/min is required per scfm of emission stream. In other
words, if Hf is less than 5 Btu/min, calculate 0- . as follows:
* r j ill 1 n
Qf.mm = 5/hf <21>
Combustion air requirement (Q_):
For emission streams that are dilute mixtures of VOC and air, QC - 0.
For others, use Equation 12.
Flue gas flow rate (Qfa):
For emission streams that are dilute mixtures of VOC and air, use
Equation 13. In other cases, use Equation 15.
B.4-11
-------
References:
1. Hougen, 0. A., K. M. Watson, and R. A. Ragatz. Chemical Process
Principles. Part I: Material and Energy Balances. Asia Publishing House,
Bombay. 1962.
2. Steam/Its Generation and Use. The Babcock and Mil cox Company.
New York, NY 1975.
3. U. S. EPA. Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 4: Combustion Control
Devices. EPA-450/3-80-026. December 1980.
B.4-12
-------
APPENDIX B.5
HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN
-------
-------
APPENDIX B.5
HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN1'2'3
This appendix discusses a simple design procedure to estimate the heat
transfer area required for recovering a portion of the sensible heat from the
incinerator flue gases to preheat the emission stream entering the
incinerator. It also describes how the variables in the equations are
determined and the application of the equations.
Design Procedure:
Based on the overall heat transfer rate in the exchanger, the expression
for the heat exchanger surface area (A) is as follows:
A - 60 Hhe/UATLM (1)
where:
. o
A = heat exchanger surface area, ft
H. =» heat transfer rate in the exchanger, Btu/min
U = overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr-ft -°F
AT... - logarithmic mean temperature difference, °F
The logarithmic mean temperature difference is expressed as:
where
1
^he
T - temperature of flue gas entering the heat exchanger, °F
T. - temperature of emission stream leaving the heat exhanger, °F
temperature of flue gas leaving the heat exchanger, F
e =
T = temperature of emission stream entering the heat exchanger, F
For a recuperative heat exchanger where the heat transfer takes place
between two gas streams, the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) ranges from
2 to 8 Btu/hr-ft -F, generally depending on the heat exchanger configuration
B.5-1
-------
and properties of the gas streams. For accurate heat exchanger design, the
overall heat transfer coefficient is calculated using data on heat transfer
coefficients, fouling factors, etc.
In Equation 1, the heat transfer rate in the exchanger (H. ) is equal to
the sensible heat gained by the emission stream and can be expressed as
follows:
Hhe
where:
Q = emission stream flow rate, scfm
Cpe = average specific heat of the emission stream, Btu/scf-°F
Substituting Equation 3 in 1 yields the following general expression for the
heat exchanger surface area:
A = [60 Qe Cpe (The - Te)3/UATLM (4)
Cp can be approximated as [(1 + 0.002 Ma) x Cp .] with M denoting the
S 6 ell ( 6
moisture content of the emission stream (volume, percent) and Cp denoting
ell i
the average specific heat of air for the appropriate temperature range (see
Appendix B.4 for details). Thus,
A = 60 Qe (1 + 0.002 Me)Cpair(The-Te)/UATLM (5)
The value of the preheat temperature (T. ) of the emission stream is
determined by the heat recovery (HR) assumed in the heat exchanger. The heat
recovery is expressed as:
HR = 100 [(Thfi - Te)/(Tc - Te)] .
where HR represents the percentage of the total heat available for recovery.
Solving Equation (6) for T. yields the following expression:
B.5-2
-------
The = (HR/100) Tc + [1 - (HR/100)] Tg (7)
In general, the emission stream temperature determines the maximum heat
recovery that is possible, and cost considerations affect the optimum heat
recovery. Preheating the emission stream to the combustion temperature by
heat exchange is not possible due to temperature limitations related to the
ductwork material. Also, raising the emission stream temperature to the
combustion temperature is not advisable since oxidation may occur in the
ductwork prior to the stream entering the incinerator.
Generally, the value forATLM is calculated from Equation (2). If
(T -T^g) and (Tu-T ) are nearly equal, then AT, M can be approximated from the
arithmetic average of (T-TuJ and (Tuc-Te) as follows:
If the value for T. is not available, it can be determined from the heat
exchange between the emission stream and flue gas:
Qe[CPe(The-Tr) - Cpe(Te-Tr)] - Qfg[CPfg (Tc-Tr) - CPfg (T^)] (9)
where:
Qfr. ~ ^ue 9as ^ow rate»
Cpf « average specific heat of the flue gas, Btu/scf-°F
However, this will involve a trial and error procedure since Cpr for the
interval (T -T, ) depends on "T . Cp~ can be approximated as [(1 + O.OOZMrJ
x Cpa- ] with Mf denoting the moisture content of the flue gas (volume,
percent) and Cp . denoting the average specific heat of air for the
apprpriate temperature interval.
For dilute emission streams that do not require additional combustion
air, Qe Cpg - QfqCpf and Equation 9 can be simplified as follows:
Thc - Tc -
-------
The expression for AT. M reduces to:
ATLM- Tc-The
Determination of the Variables and the Application of the Equations
Determine the values of the variables in Equations 5, 7, 8, 9, and 11 as
follows:
QO> To» Ma InPut data
666
T^e Calculate using Equation 7 if a value for T.
is not specified. Assume a value of 50 percent
for heat recovery (HR) if no other information
is available.
Cp,. See Table B.4-1.
d 11
U Use a value of 4 Btu/hr-ft2-°F unless the
applicant/inquirer has provided a value.
A. For dilute emission streams requiring no
additional combustion air:
Use Equation 11; obtain the value for T
\f
from Table 4.1-1 or from permit applicant.
B. For emissions streams that are not dilute
and require additional combustion air:
Use Equation 8 if (Tc - Jh(J and (Thc - TQ)
are nearly equal; otherwise use Equation 2. The
value for J. in these equations is determined
using Equation 9. Refer to Appendix B.4 for
calculating the value for Q- and M* .
B.5-4
-------
References:
1. U. S. EPA. Afterburner Systems Study. EPA-R2-72-062. August 1972.
2. U. S. EPA. Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 4: Combustion
Control Devices. EPA-450/3-80-026. December 1980.
3. McCabe, W. I and J. C. Smith. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering,
Second edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. and Kogakusha Company,
Ltd. Tokyo. 1957.
B.5-5
-------
APPENDIX B.6
CATALYTIC INCINERATOR CALCULATIONS
-------
APPENDIX 8.6
CATALYTIC. INCINERATOR CALCULATIONS
This appendix describes the derivation of the equations used in
calculating supplementary fuel requirements (Qr), additional combustion air
requirements (Qc), combined gas stream entering the catalyst bed (Qcom)» and
resulting flue gas (Qr_). It also describes how the various parameters in the
equations are to be determined and discusses the application of the equations.
Standard conditions assumed are: 70°F and 1 atm.
Derivation:
Supplementary fuel is added to the catalytic incinerator system to
provide the heat necessary to bring the emission stream (and the combustion
air, if applicable) up to the required catalytic oxidation temperature (T , )
for the desired level of destruction efficiency. For a given T . , the
c
quantity of heat needed (Hc) is provided by: (a) the heat generated from the
combustion of supplementary fuel (H^), (b) the sensible heat contained in the
emission stream as it enters the catalytic incinerator system (H ), and (c)
the sensible heat gained by the emission stream through heat exchange (H. ) .
Thus,
Hc ' Hf + Hs + Hhe
A. Each term in Equation (1) is expanded as follows (see Appendix 8.4 for
details):
Hf - Qf hf (2)
In this manual, the supplementary fuel is assumed as natural gas.
Hs = Qe Cpe e CPe
-------
Qr = supplementary fuel (natural gas) flow rate, scfm
hf = heating value of supplementary fuel (natural gas),
Btu/scf
Q = emission stream flow rate, scfm
Cp = average specific heat of the emission stream (based on the
interval Tr -Tg or lf - The), Btu/scf-°F
Q = flow rate of the combined gas stream (emission stream +
supplementary fuel combustion products) entering the
catalyst bed, scfm
Cp = average specific of the combined gas stream (based on the
interval Tr -Tc1), Btu/scf-°F
T = emission stream temperature as it leaves the emission
source, °F
T = reference temperature, = 70°F
T. = temperature of the emission stream exiting the heat
exchanger, °F
T . = temperature of the combined gas stream entering the
catalyst bed, °F
The flow rate of combined gas stream (emission stream + supplementary fuel
combustion products) entering the catalyst bed is dependent on the
emission stream flow rate (QJ, supplementary fuel (natural gas) flow rate
(Qr), and additional air required for combustion of supplementary fuel and
hydrocarbons in the emission stream (Qc).
The additional combustion air requirement is a function of the emission
stream VOC concentration expressed in terms of the heat content
variable (h ), oxygen content (02), and the quantity of supplementary
fuel. It can be expressed as follows (see Appendix B.4 for details):
Q,. = (O.Olh 0 +9.4Qr)(l +0.01ex)-0.0476 0?Q0 (7)
C GST u c
B.6-2
-------
where ex » excess air, percent. In general, emission streams treated by
catalytic incineration are dilute and contain significant quantities of oxygen
(typically greater than 16 percent). In such cases, Qc»0 and QCQm then
becomes:
Q
v
Q +
y
(8)
Substituting Equations 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 in 1 and solving for (Qf/Qe) yields
the following expression:
(Qf/Qe)
(9)
For emission streams that are not dilute and require additional combustion
air, the equation for (Qr/QJ becomes:
[l+0.orhe(l+0.01ex)-0.047602]Cpcom(Tcl-Tr)-Cpe(The-Tr)
hf-(10.4+0.094ex)Cpcom(Tc.-Tr)
(10)
Simplification of Equations 9 and 10:
The values for Cp and Cp can be evaluated from the specific heats of
the individual components in each stream as indicated in Appendix B.4. As an
approximation, however, Cpfi and Cp can be assumed to equal the average
specific heat of air containing water vapor over the same temperature range:
where:
Cpe - (l+0.002Me)Cpa.r
Cpcom - (1+0.002
M * emission stream moisture content, percent
M = combined gas stream moisture content, percent
(ID
(12)
B.6-3
-------
a-».
air
average specific heat of air, Btu/scf- F
The value for M is available from input data. The value for M for dilute
emission streams that do not require additional combustion air is given as
(see Appendix B.4 for details):
"corn ' 10°
(0.01MeQe+1.95Qf)
(Qe+Qf)
(13)
For emission streams that require additional combustion air:
M
com - 100
'(0 .
. 95Qf+0 . 01MCQC)
(Qe+Qf+Qc)
(H)
where:
M « combustion air moisture content, percent
Using Equations 11 and 12 with 13 and substituting in Equation 9 leads to the
following expression for dilute emission streams where Q = 0:
(Qf/Qe)
(l+0.002Me)[CPa.r(Tc.-Tr)-CPair(The-Tr)]
(15)
For emission streams that are not dilute and require additional combustion
air, the equivalent expression for (Qr/Q.) becomes:
r(l>0.002Me)(U[0.01he(U0.01ex)-0.047602](U0.002Hc)Cpa1r(Tc.-Tr)-Cpair(The-Tr))-]
(W *L hf-{l.4+9.4(l+O.Olex)(l+0.002Nc)]Cpa.r(Tc1-Tp)}J (16)
Note that the heat supplied by the supplementary fuel is Qfhf, which can be
calculated by multiplying (Qf/Qe) with QQ and hf.
B.6-4
-------
Determination of Variables and Application of Equations:
Supplementary fuel requirements (Qr)-'
For emission streams that are dilute mixtures of VOC and air, use
Equation 9 or 15; for others, use Equation 10 or 16. Equations 15 and 16 are
based on Equations 9 and 10 with the values for Cp and Cp approximated
from Cp,. and corrected for presence of moisture.
all
The minimum value for T . in Equations 9, 10, 15, and 16 is designated as
600°F in this manual to ensure an adequate initial reaction rate. In
practice, the minimum value for T . will be dependent on the type of VOC
present in the emission stream and the catalyst properties. The minimum value
for the temperature of the flue gas exiting the catalyst bed (T ) is
designated as 1,000°F. As illustrated in Table B.6-1 and Figure B.6-1, for a
specified destruction efficiency level, the value for T is dependent on the
type of VOC present in the emission stream. The values in the table refer to
fresh catalysts; higher temperatures will be required as the catalyst activity
declines due to aging and possible poisoning. The destruction efficiency for
a given compound may vary depending on whether the compound is part of a
mixture or not. It may also vary with the mixture composition as shown in
Figures B.6-2 and 3 where compound specific destruction efficiency data for
two different VOC mixtures are presented.
To prevent overheating of the catalyst bed, T should not exceed 1,200°F
on a continuous basis. Otherwise, the catalyst's activity may decline, and the
catalyst may need to be replaced to maintain satisfactory performance levels.
Before using the equations to determine Q^, the adequacy of T . = 600°F
should be checked to determine if the overall reaction rate for a given
destruction efficiency will result in a temperature level of at least 1,000°F
at the catalyst bed outlet. Use the following equation to check if T
1,000°F.
TCQ = 600 + 50 he (17)
where the term "50h " denotes the temperature rise associated with the
combustion of the hydrocarbons in the emission stream across the catalyst bed.
B.6-5
-------
TABLE B.6-1. TEMPERATURES FOR CATALYTIC OXIDATION3
Catalytic Ignition Temperatures for
Component 90 Percent Destruction Efficiency,
Tco ft)
Hydrogen 68
Carbon Monoxide 300-390
Methane 840-930
n-Heptane 480-570
Benzene 480-570
Toluene 480-570
Xylene 480-570
Methyl isobutyl ketone 570-660
Methyl ethyl ketone 570-660
Mesityl oxide 480-570
Ethyl acetate 750-840
Dimethyl formamide 660-750
Pyridine 750-840
Thiophene 750-840
Chlorobutane 840-930
aSource: Reference 1.
The values refer to fresh platinum catalysts supported on Al-O,.
B.6-6
-------
o
o
o
CO
I
o
I
o
o
o
CM
O
, o
o
o
o
00
o>
V)
C -M
O f>
o o
csa
c i
o <
3
c
fO
0.0.
o
OJ
JO
OJ
o
c
S_ 0)
(V S-
> CO
O «4-
co
o en
S_ Wl -1- CO
3 >>-O U
+j i S-
£ -MOO
O
o
Q.
0)
s- a.
cu
>
fO 01
<4- O
o
O
CU
O
1 o
CM
i.
O
CO
d)
s-
3
o
Cvl
B.6-7
-------
100
CJ
'o 90
<<& ^ ~&T 2S ^ - - ' tt
O Benzene
W n-Hexane
^ Toluene
s- _
n-Octane
S 80'
d)
^>
H n-Decane
<3> Xylene
(jy Isopropy'l benzene
600 700 800 900
Catalyst Inlet Temperature, °F
Figure B.6-2. Component system destruction vs. temperature.
(Source: Reference 2)
B.6-8
-------
100
90
80
o
c
OJ
o
I 70
O
3
O>
a
a;
4->
I/)
60
50
TL,
a-
("} Isopropanol
A Methyl ethyl ketone
Q Ethyl acetate
/TS Benzene
n-Hexane
500
600
700
800
900
Catalyst Inlet Temperature, °F
Figure B.6-3.
Component system destruction vs. temperature.
(Source: Reference 2)
B.6-9
-------
In other words, if the emission stream has a heat content of 1 Btu/scf, this
will result in a 50°F temperature rise. This expression assumes that the heat
content of the emission stream is the same as that of the combined gas stream.
The difference is negligible for emission streams that are dilute mixtures of
air and VOC. For emission streams that require additional combustion air, the
change in heat content should be taken into consideration. If Tci - 600°F
results in T that is less than 1,000°F, use the following equation to
determine an appropriate value for T .:
Tr, = 1,000 - 50 ha (18)
CI G
Use the value obtained from this equation for Tci in the equations for Qf/Qe-
Determine the values for the parameters in Equations 9, 10, 15, and 16 as
fol1ows:
Q , Op, Mg, h Input data
Cp , Cp If composition data are available, see
Appendix B.4. If approximate values are
sufficient, use Equations 11 and 12 with
Table 8.4-1 in Appendix B.4 when the values
M and M are known.
Cp.. Use Table B.4-1 in Appendix B.4.
CM i
T . Check if 600°F is satisfactory using
Equation 17. If it is not, use Equation 18
to determine an appropriate value. In a
permit evaluation case, obtain value from
applicant.
B.6-10
-------
Tr 70°F
L Calculate T. using the following
expression if the value for L is
not specified:
The - (HR/100)Tco+[l-(HR/100)]Te
where HR is the heat recovery in the
exchanger, percent. Assume a value
of 50 percent for HR if no other
information is available (see Appendix B.5
for details of heat exchanger design).
ex Use a value of 18 percent if no other
information is available (this is
equivalent to approximately 3 percent 0^ in
the flue gas).
hr Assume a net heating value of 882 Btu/scf
(for natural gas) if no other information
is available.
M Use a value of 2 percent (air at 70°F and
80% humidity) if no other information is
available.
Combustion air requirement (Qc):
For emission streams that are dilute mixtures of VOC and air, Q =0. For
others, use Equation 7.
Flow rate of combined gas stream (Qcom)-
For emission streams that are dilute mixtures of VOC and air, use
Equation 8. In other cases, use Equation 6.
B.6-11
-------
Flow rate of flue gas (QrJ:
Assume that the change in volume due to the combustion of VOC in the
combined gas stream at standard conditions across the catalyst bed is small;
thus, Q- can be approximated as Qcom-
B.6-12
-------
References:
1. U. S. EPA. Afterburner Systems Study. EPA-R2-72-062. August 1972.
2. U. S. EPA. Parametric Evaluation of VOC/HAP Destruction Via Catalytic
Incineration. EPA-600/2-85-041. April 1985.
B.6-13
-------
APPENDIX B.7
FLARE CALCULATIONS
-------
-------
APPENDIX B.7
FLARE CALCULATIONS
This appendix describes the details of the calculations described in
Section 4.3.
Background
Based on studies conducted by EPA, a destruction efficiency of 98 percent
can be achieved in flares for waste gases with heat contents greater than or
equal to 300 Btu/scf. In this manual, it is assumed that if the heat content
of the emission stream is below 300 Btu/scf, then natural gas as the auxiliary
fuel will be added to the emission stream to bring its heat content to 300
Btu/scf. The exit velocities with which this level of destruction efficiency
can be obtained are expressed as follows: If the heat content of the flare .
gas (emission stream or emission stream + natural gas, if auxiliary fuel is
required) is in the range 300-1,000 Btu/scf (inclusive), the maximum exit
velocity that can be used is obtained from the following equation:
U - 3.28[lo(°-00118hflg + °'908>] (1)
ulaX
where:
U = maximum flare gas exit velocity, ft/sec
nlaX
9as neat content, Btu/scf
If the heat content of the flare gas exceeds 1,000 Btu/scf, then the maximum
exit velocity that can be used is 400 ft/sec (the value corresponding to
Equation (1) evaluated at h^ * 1,000 Btu/scf). At very low flare gas flow
rates, flame instability may occur. To prevent this, the minimum flare gas
2
exit velocity is assumed to be 0.03 ft/sec.
Supplementary Fuel Requirements:
Assuming natural gas with a heating value of 882 Btu/scf as the auxiliary
fuel (see Appendix B.4), the quantity of natural gas required to raise the
8.7-1
-------
heat content of the emission stream to 300 Btu/scf can be determined from the
following energy balance:
Qf hf + Qe he - (Qf + Qe) hflg (2)
where
Qr = natural gas flowrate, scfm
hf = natural gas heating value, = 882 Btu/scf
Q = emission stream flowrate, scfm
h - emission stream heat content, Btu/scf
hf, - flare gas heat content, » 300 Btu/scf
Solving for Q- and substituting for h^ and hr-iQ yields the following equation:
Qf - [(300-he) Qe]/582 (3)
Flare Gas Flow Rate, Temperature, and Mean Molecular Weight:
Flare gas flow rate is equal to the emission stream flow rate if no
auxiliary fuel is required. Otherwise, it can be expressed as follows:
where:
Qflg - Qe + Qf (4)
Qr-jq = flare gas flow rate, scfm.
Flare gas mean molecular weight is the same as that of the emission
stream if no natural gas is added as auxiliary fuel. If natural gas is added,
then this variable has to be calculated using a mass balance expression:
Qf MWf + Qe MWe - Qf1g MWflg (5)
where:
MWf = molecular weight of natural gas, - 16.7 Ib/lb-mole
(see Appendices B.I and B.4)
MW = molecular weight of emission stream, Ib/lb-mole
MWflq * molecular Wei9nt °f Hare gas, Ib/lb-mole
B.7-2
-------
MWflg - (Qf x 16.7 + Qe MWe)/ Qf]g (6)
Temperature of the flare gas after the emission stream is mixed with natural
gas can be calculated from an energy balance (based on 70°F as the reference
temperature):
[QfMWfCPf(Tf-70)/387]+[QeMWeCpe(Te-70/387] - [QflgMWflgCpflg(Tflg-70)/387] (7)
where:
Cpf - average specific heat of natural gas, Btu/lb-°F
Cp » average specific heat of emission stream, Btu/lb-°F
-pflq * avera9e specific heat of flare gas, Btu/lb-°F
Assuming natural gas is available at 70°F and that Cp and Cp^-i- are
approximately the same, Equation 7 can be simplified and solved for ! :
Tflg * tQeMWe(Te-70)/QflgMWflg] + 70 (8)
Steam Requirements:
The steam requirement, Q , will be based on a ratio of 0.4 Ib steam/lb
flare gas in this manual. The following equation can be used to calculate Q :
where:
Qs = 0.4 x Qflg (1/387)(MWflg) (9)
Q = steam requirement, Ib/min
The factor "387" is the volume (scf) occupied by 1 Ib-mole of ideal gas at
70°F and 1 atm. Simplifying:
Qs = 1.03 x 10'3 (Qflg)(MWflg) (10)
B.7-3
-------
References
1. Federal Register. Volume 50. April 16, 1985. pp. 1494-14945
2. U. S. EPA. Organic Chemical Manufacturing Volume 4: Combustion Control
Devices. EPA-450/2-80-026. December 1980.
B.7-4
-------
APPENDIX B.8
CARBON ADSORPTION DATA
-------
APPENDIX B.8
CARBON ADSORPTION DATA
TABLE B.8-1.
REPORTED OPERATING CAPACITIES -
FOR SELECTED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Compound
Acetone
Benzene
n-Butyl acetate
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon tetrachloride
Cyclohexane
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl alcohol
Heptane
Hexane
Isobutyl alcohol
Isopropyl acetate
Isopropyl alcohol
Methyl acetate
Methyl alcohol
Methyl ene chloride
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Perchloroethylene
Toluene
Trichlorethylene
Tr i chl orotri f 1 uoroethane
Xylene
Average Inlet
Concentration
(ppmv)
1,000
10
150
100
10
300
400
1,000
500
500
100
250
400
200
200
500
200
100
100
200
100
1,000
100
Adsorption Capacity
(Ib VOC/100 Ib carbon)
8
6
8
8
10
6
8
8
6
6
8
8
8
7
7
10
8
7
20
7
15
8
10
Source: Reference 1.
3Adsorption capacities are based on 200 scfm of solvent-laden air at
100 F (per hour).
B.3-1
-------
to
o
ITS
O
LO
Q.
O)
s_
3
l/l
(/)
fsl tVJ
c
CU O)
J2 (J
s- o
o s-
E
O (J
co i.
- 3
O
C OO
o ~
Q.
S-
o
CO
CQ
3
01
O
o
o
(uoqueo q[ OOI/qi)
B.8-2
uoi^duospy
-------
c
o
J2
li-
ra
(J
o
0)
o
a.
CO
c
o
O)
c
O)
0) . .
ja CM
o
i- (!)
O O
c
JC V
o s.
i-
-------
o
O
I
O1
^
l/l
0)
I
CD
-o
-------
Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference
The expression for the logarithmic mean temperature difference is as
fol1ows:
AT
LM
where:
T t- - steam inlet temperature, °F
T to = condensed steam outlet temperature, °F
T = cooling water outlet temperature, °F
TWI- = cooling water inlet temperature, F
B.8-5
-------
References
1. Manzone, R. R. and D. W. Oakes. Profitably Recycling Solvents from
Process Systems. Pollution Engineering 5(10):23-24. 1973.
2. Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA. In-house data.
3. Tomany, J. P. Air Pollution: The Emissions. The Regulations, and the
Controls. American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc. New York-London-
Amsterdam, pp. 272-302.
B.8-6
-------
APPENDIX B.9
ABSORPTION CALCULATIONS
-------
-------
APPENDIX B.9
A&SORPTION CALCULATIONS
Calculation of NQG:
The height of a packed column is calculated by determining the required
number of theoretical separation units and multiplying this number by the
packing height, which gives a performance equal to one separation unit. In
continuous contact countercurrent operations, the theoretical separation unit
is called the transfer unit. To express the ease (low number of transfer^
units) or difficulty of the transfer under the conditions of operation with
respect to system equilibrium, the system is evaluated as to the number of
transfer units, NQG (based on gas phase) or NQL (based on liquid phase).
In actual gas absorption design practice, NOG is obtained experimentally
or calculated using several different methods. When dilute solutions are
involved (i.e., Henry's Law applies and the equilibrium and operating lines .
are straight), NQg is given by:
NOQ = In {[(yrmx2)/(y2-mx2)][l-(l/AF)] + (1/AF)}/[1-(1/AF)] (1)
where:
AF = ^mol//Gmolm = absorPtion factor
Gmol * gas stream (emission stream) flow rate, Ib-mole/hr
Lmol = liclu'icl stream (solvent) flow rate, Ib-mole/hr
y, » mole fraction of pollutant in emission stream entering the absorber
y2 » mole fraction of pollutant in emission stream exiting the absorber
x2 - mole fraction of pollutant in solvent entering the absorber
m = slope of the equilibrium curve
In cases where x2 = 0 (i.e., fresh solvent is free of pollutant), the
expression simplifies to:
NOG = 1n ^V^2)[1 (1/AF)] + (VAF)}/[1 - (1/AF)] (2)
B.9-1
-------
Schmidt Number (Sc):
In calculating height of a transfer unit, H- (based on gas phase) or H,
(based on liquid phase), the correlations used employ a dimensionless group
termed the Schmidt number. For a given compound in a gas stream, for example,
SC is defined as:
Scr = M./ Pr Dr
u U b L
where:
Ug = viscosity of gas, Ib/ft-hr
pr = density of gas stream, Ib/ft
2
Dg = diffusivity of a given vapor component in a gaseous stream, ft /hr
Similarly, Sc, for the liquid phase is defined as:
where the viscosity, density, and the diffusivity refer to the liquid phase.
To calculate Scg or Sc. , use References 2 or 3 for viscosity, density and
diffusivity data.
Calculation of Emission Stream (Gas) Density (PG):
Assuming ideal gas conditions, the density of a gas stream at a given
temperature is given by:
p(
where:
-G - Pt x MWe/[R(Te + 460)] (5)
PQ * emission stream density, Ib/ft
Pt * total pressure in the system, atmosphere
MW. - molecular weight of emission stream, Ib/lb-mole
rt ^
R = gas constant - 0.73 Ib-mole R/ft -atm
T0 * emission stream temperature, °F
B.9-2
-------
Calculation of Column Weight (wtco-|umn) :
For costing purposes, column weight is computed from column height,
A
diameter, and thickness as follows:
Wtcolumn - ^colunm^total + (0'8116 x Dcolumn»Thcolumn x >c
where:
Wtcolumn ' Co1umn wt» lb
Dcolumn * column diameter, ft
Httotal * tota^ co^umn height, ft
Thcolumn coulmn thickness' ft
p * density of carbon steel plate, Ib/ft
The variable Th , is a complex function of several factors including
internal pressure, wind loading, and corrosion allowance. At pressures close-
to atmospheric, Th , of 1/4 to 1/2 inches are adequate. At these
thicknesses, corresponding values for (Th ] x P ) are 10.2 to
20.4 Ib/ft . Assuming (Thcolumn x PC) as 15.3 Ib/ft (midpoint of the range
10.2 to 20.4), Equation 6 can be simplified as:
Wtcolumn - 3'14 x Dcolumn£Httotal + °'8116 * Dcolumn>^.3 (7)
Wtcolumn ' <48 x °column x Ht) + 39
B.9-3
-------
.15 i
.10 -
"o
Slope (m):
_ 0.02
m = 1.3
.02 .04
Mole Fraction of
.06 .08
in Water 7
.10
Figure B.9-1.
Ammonia (NH,)-water-air equilibrium at 86°F and 1 ATM.
(Source: Reference 1)
B.9-4
-------
0.05
s_
(T3
Ol
Ul
-------
V.
03
-------
^
u
i -
tc
^^
i T
i 1
"~ t
V7 4
i!
Q,.
H"
£
*
"
UJ
|
u
t
en
CD
1
M
1
*->
- U3
III ill lit « i
^ K 0* <0
CM ^v O 0* (MOO*
CM 1 1 <*1 ^* III III III III m CM
^
2«r CM - *g CM
r*. i*. o* c* to ot O #n CM in
FS» r*. «o O* o*<*i cnr** cor^
1^ . . jQ .
co o CD o o oo OO^A CMOO ceoto IAOCM ^ovo
3i^l^ tO«A ** P^ *0 \0 ^ (0 ^ *0 2 *°
r*» co *a CD co
f^. r* so CO Ui f*» CO
. 41 o « ^ . . . *
tnocM moo QOCM o ir» o r^ o o <
OMCO'*^ en
~ III ~« ^- » «r ^-*
xs
o o so m o
«£ * * LA ON
i*> t i <> o «- tit tit tit nti iii
o
^> O W ^9 C5 ^1 *^
§r^ov>f^OO«iD^r Ot«0to
O S ^«O*CM 9«OCM III III f*» O CM III
(j y U (J
g i i 5 « « =
u u t « ** " **
3. 5 3 Z M Jf *
i«
41
Q en wi en en
o e _* ^ ^j^»-
5 H -S en en u "u »
T3 e c
x 01 « - - cncen-
o » "> t- »-»-».c
^- J= J= 1 -C
(O U i UCMUI
w« OC flQ CX Cv OC ~* QC *^
1
o
*
1
u
3.
^
CM
41
U
w
01
c
^
u
3.
U
U
*
1
1
o
tJ
41
U
3.
IA
o
CO-
*-
I
O
^J
*-
o
1
u
u.
H
a
J
O
U
IC4
en
1-M-
u
*o
II
u.
^.
1
c
1
VO
en
1
i
VO
~+
10
.
41
U
41
41
41
cc
4J
U
U.
I
l«
1 i
~ *
e c
V CO
e
i ^
5 c
i ^
CM I
rn co
f^ -^
Al *-
o
i 5
<*»
1 T
2 CM
A U
B.9-7
-------
TABLE B.9-2. CONSTANTS FOR USE IN DETERMINING .
HEIGHT OF A GAS FILM TRANSFER UNIT'
Range of
Packing
Raschig rings
3/8 in.
1 in.
1-1/2 in
2 in.
Berl saddles
1/2 in.
1 in.
1-1/2
2
7
6
17
2
3
32
0
1
5
b
.32
.00
.41
.30
.58
.82
.40
.81
.97
.05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
c
.45
.39
.32
.38
.38
.41
.30
.30
.36
.32
d
0.47
0.58
0.51
0.66
0.40
0.45
0.74
0.24
0.40
0.45
3'600 Garea
(lb/hr-ft2)
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
500
800
600
700
700
800
700
700
800
1,000
L" 2
(lb/hr-ft*)
500
400
500
500
1,500
500
500
1,500
400
400
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
1,500
500
4,500
1,500
4,500
4,500
-
1,500
4,500
4,500
4,500
3-in. partition rings 650
Spiral rings (stacked
staggered)
0.58 1.06 150 to 900 3,000 to 10,000
3-in. single spiral 2
3-in. triple spiral 15
.38
.60
0.35
0.38
0.29
0.60
130
200
to
to
700
1,000
3,000
500
to
to
10,000
3,000
Drip-point grids
No.
No.
6146
6295
3
4
.91
.56
0.37
0.17
0.39
0.27
130
100
to
to
1,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
to
to
6,500
11,500
Source: Reference 5.
B.9-8
-------
TABLE B.9-3. CONSTANTS FOR USE IN DETERMINING
HEIGHT OF A LIQUID FILM TRANSFER UNITC
Packing
Range of L"
(lb/hr-ft2)
Raschig rings
3/8 in. 0.00182 0.46
1/2 in. 0.00357 0.35
1 in. 0.0100 0.22
1-1/2 in. 0.0111 0.22
2 in. 0.0125 0.22
Berl saddles
1/2 in. 0.00666 0.28
1 in. 0.00588 0.28
1-1/2 in. 0.00625 0.28
3-in. Partition 0.0625 0.09
rings (stacked,
staggered)
Spiral rings
(stacked, staggered)
3-in. single spiral 0.00909 0.28
3-in. triple spiral 0.0116 0.28
Drip-point grids
(continuous flue)
Style 6146 0.0154 0.23
Style 6295 0.00725 0.31
400-15,000
400-15,000
400-15,000
400-15,000
400-15,000
400-15,000
400-15,000
400-15,000
3,000-14,000
400-15,000
3,000-14,000
3,500-30,000
2,500-22,000
Source: Reference 5.
B.9-9
-------
TABLE B.9-4. SCHMIDT NUMBERS FOR GASES AND VAPORS
IN AIR AT 77°F AND 1 ATMa
Substance (ScG)
Ammonia
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Water
Carbon disulfide
Ethyl ether
Methanol
Ethyl alcohol
Propyl alcohol
Butyl alcohol
Amy! alcohol
Hexyl alcohol
Formic acid
Acetic acid
Propionic acid
i -Butyric acid
Valeric acid
i-Caproic acid
Di ethyl amine
Butyl amine
Aniline
Chloro benzene
Chloro toluene
Propyl bromide
Propyl iodide
Benzene
Toluene
Xylene
Ethyl benzene
Propyl benzene
Diphenyl
n-Octane
Mesitylene
0.66
0.94
0.22
0.75
0.60
1.45
1.66
0.97
1.30
1.55
1.72
2.21
2.60
0.97
1.16
1.56
1.91
2.31
2.58
1.47
1.53
2.14
2.12
2.38
1.47
1.61
1.76
1.84
2.18
2.01
2.62
2.28
2.58
2.31
aSource: Reference 5.
b_ , _ . .
Sc~ = M~/Pr Dr where r>r and M,
g G' G G G (
-
, are the density and
viscosity of the gas stream and DQ is the diffusivity of
the vapor in the gas stream.
B.9-10
-------
TABLE B.9-5. SCHMIDT NUMBERS FOR COMPOUNDS IN WATER AT 68°Fa
Solute° (ScL)C
Oxygen 558
Carbon dioxide 559
Nitrogen oxide 665
Ammonia 570
Bromine 840
Hydrogen 196
Nitrogen 613
Hydrogen chloride 381
Hydrogen sulfide 712
Sulfuric acid 580
Nitric acid 390
Acetylene 645
Acetic acid 1,140
Methanol 785
Ethanol 1,005
Propanol 1,150
Butanol 1,310
Ally! alcohol 1,080
Phenol 1,200
Glycerol 1,400
Pyrogallol 1,440
Hydroquinone 1,300
Urea 946
Resorcinol 1,260
Urethane 1,090
Lactose 2,340
Maltose 2,340
Mannitol 1,730
Raffinose 2,720
Sucrose 2,230
Sodium chloride 745
Sodium hydroxide 665
Carbon^dioxide 445
Phenol0 H 1,900
Chloroform0. 1,230
Acetic acid6 479
Ethylene dichloride6 301
Source: Reference 5.
Solvent is water except where indicated.
cSc. -**\/P\ D| wnere Mi anc^ PL are ^e viscosity anc' density
the liquid and D, is the diffusivity of the solute in the
liquid.
Solvent is ethanol .
eSolvent is benzene.
-------
TABLE B.9-6. PRESSURE DROP CONSTANTS FOR TOWER PACKING*
Packing
Raschig rings
Berl saddles
Intalox saddles
Drip-point grid
tiles
Nominal
size,
(in.)
1/2
3/4
1-1/2
2
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/2
1
1-1/2
No. 6146
Continuous
flue
Cross flue
No. 6295
Continuous
flue
Cross flue
g
139
32.90
32.10
12.08
11.13
60.40
24.10
16.01
8.01
12.44
5.66
1.045
1.218
1.088
1.435
r
0.00720
0.00450
0.00434
0.00398
0.00295
0.00340
0.00295
0.00295
0.00225
0.00277
0.00225
0.00214
0.00227
0.00224
0.00167
Range of L"
(lb/hr-ft2)
300 to 8,600
1,800 to 10,800
360 to 27,000
720 to 18,000
720 to 21,000
300 to 14,100
360 to 14,400
720 to 78,800
720 to 21,600
2,520 to 14,400
2,520 to 14,400
3,000 to 17,000
300 to 17,500
850 to 12,500
900 to 12,500
aSource: Reference 5.
B.9-12
-------
References
1. Buonicore, A. J. and L. Theodore. Industrial Control Equipment for
Gaseous Pollutants. Volume I. CRC Press, Inc. Cleveland, OH. 1975.
2. Chemical Engineer's Handbook. Perry R. H. and C. H. Hilton (eds.)
Fifth edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York, NY. 1973.
3. U.S. EPA. Wet Scrubber System Study. Volume I: Scrubber Handbook.
EPA-R2-72-118a. August 1972.
4. Vatavuk, W. M. and R. B. Neveril. Part XIII. Costs of Gas Absorbers.
Chemical Engineering. October 4, 1982. pp. 135-136.
5. U.S. EPA. Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 5: Adsorption.
Condensation, and Absorption Devices. EPA-450/3-80-027. December 1980.
B.9-13
-------
-------
APPENDIX 8.10
CONDENSER SYSTEM CALCULATIONS
-------
-------
APPENDIX B.10
CONDENSER SYSTEM CALCULATIONS
Heat of Vaporization
The value for this variable can be calculated from the Clapeyron
equation assuming ideal gas behavior:
d(ln Pvapor)/dT -AH/(RT2) (1)
where:
Pvapor " vapor Pressure> mm H9
T * absolute temperature, °R
AH * heat of vaporization, Btu/lb-mole
R universal gas constant, =» 1.987 Btu/lb-mole °R
Integrating Equation 1 assuming AH is constant over a given temperature range
leads to the following expression:
In PvapQr = -(AH/R)(1/T) + K (2)
where K is a constant. By plotting (In P..,nnyJ vs (1/T) for a given compound,
V clpO i
the value of AH can be determined from the slope of the line.
Using vapor pressure-temperature data from Reference 2 for styrene, the
following expression is obtained through linear regression for the intervals
1-40 mm H§) and (T - 479-599°R):
In PvapQr = -8,780 (1/T) + 18.3628 (3)
The heat of vaporization can be calculated as follows:
Slope = -8,760 = - AH/R (4)
AH = 8,760 x 1.987 - 17,445 Btu/lb-mole
B.10-1
-------
The same procedure can be applied to any HAP.
Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference
The expression for the logarithmic mean temperature difference is as
fol1ows:
AT
LM
* e'.cool.o' ' * con".cool.i'
where:
T = emission stream temperature, °F
T i » coolant outlet temperature, °F
T » condensation temperature, °F
TC -| ^ » coolant inlet temperature, °F
(5)
B.10-2
-------
References
1. Smith, J. M. and H. C. Van Ness. Introduction To Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics. Second edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. and
Kogakusha Company, Ltd. Tokyo. 1959.
2. Chemical Engineer's Handbook. Perry R. H. and C. H. Chilton (eds.)
Fifth edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York, NY. 1973.
B.10-3
-------
APPENDIX B.ll
GAS STREAM CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
-------
-------
APPENDIX 8.11
GAS STREAM CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
Gas conditioning equipment includes those components that are used
to temper or pretreat the gas stream to provide the most efficient and
economical operation of the control device. Preconditioning equipment,
installed upstream of the control device, consists of mechanical dust
collectors, wet or dry gas coolers, and gas preheaters. Where the control
device is a fabric filter system or electrostatic precipita tor, mechanical
dust collectors are required upstream if the gas stream contains signifi-
cant amounts of larger particles.* Gas cooling devices are used to reduce
the temperature of the gas stream to within the operating temperature
of the filter fabric, to reduce the volume of flue gas to be treated, or
to increase the HAP collection efficiency. Gas preheaters are used to .
increase the temperature of the gas stream to eliminate moisture conden-
sation problems. Gas conditioning equipment is discussed below. _ If
desired, costing of gas stream conditioning equipment can be performed
by using the procedures presented in "Capital and Operating Costs of
Selected Air Pollution Control Systems."2 Design procedures for gas
.conditioning equipment are not included in this manual. These procedures
are straightforward and readily available from vendors and common liter-
ature sources.
8.11.1 Mechanical Collectors
Mechanical dust collectors, such as cyclones, are used to remove
the bulk of the heavier dust particles from the gas stream. These
devices operate by separating the dust particles from the gas stream
through the use of centrifugal force. The efficiency of a cyclone is
determined by the entering gas velocity and diameter at the cyclone
inlet. Theoretically, the higher the velocity or the smaller the inlet
diameter, the greater the collection efficiency and pressure drop.
Cyclones remove the majority of dust particles above 20 to 30 /im in
size to reduce the loading and wear on the primary control device.2
B.ll-1
-------
In general, the particulate size distribution for the gas stream
will determine the need for a cyclone collector. If the particle
size distribution shows a significant amount of particulate above 20 to
30 jim then use of an upstream cyclone is necessitated for fabric filters
and ESP's. "Wetted" venturi scrubbers do not generally experience operating
problems in collecting large (20 to 30/im) particles assuming correct
scrubber design and operation. Use of a pretreatment mechanical dust
collector may be necessary if a "nonwetted" venturi scrubber is used,
since this scrubbing method requires that the liquid be free of particles
that could clog the nozzles.
B.11.2 Gas Coolers
Gas coolers can be used to reduce the volume of the gas stream or
to maximize the collection of HAP's by electrostatic precipitators and .
fabric filters. Yenturi scrubbers are less sensitive to high gas
stream temperatures, since the scrubber cools the gas prior to particle
collection. As the temperature of an emission stream is decreased,
the HAP's in vapor form will also decrease. However, care must be
exercised so that the gas stream temperature does not fall below the
emission stream dew point. To ensure a margin for error and process
fluctuations, the emission stream temperature should fall between 50 to
100°F above its dew point. Appendix B.2 presents procedures to determine
an emission stream's dew point.
Gas stream coolers can be wet or dry. Dry-type coolers operate
by radiating heat to the atmosphere. Wet-type coolers (spray chambers)
cool and humidify the gas by the addition of water sprays in the gas
stream; the evaporating water reduces the temperature of the gas stream.
A third method of cooling is through the addition of dilution air.
Selection of the type of gas cooling equipment to be used is based on
cost and dew point consideration. For example, a wet-type cooler
would not be appropriate if cooling would increase the likelihood of
condensation within the fabric filter system.
B.ll-2
-------
If a gas cooler is used, a recalculation of the gas stream
parameters will have to be performed using standard industrial equations.
For instance, if wet-type coolers are used, a new actual gas flow
rate and moisture content will have to be calculated.
B.11.3 Gas.Preheaters
Gas preheaters are used to increase the emission stream temperature.
Condensation causes corrosion of metal surfaces, and it is of particular
concern in fabric filter applications where moisture can cause plugging,
or "blinding," of the fabric pores; therefore, gas preheaters can be
used to elevate the temperature of an emission stream above its dew
point. Methods commonly used to increase gas temperature are direct-
fired afterburners, heat exchangers, and steam tracing. Afterburners
are devices in which an auxiliary fuel is used to produce a flame that .
preheats a gas stream and that can also combust organic constituents
that might otherwise blind the filter bags. Heat exchangers use a
heated gas stream in a she!1-and-tube type arrangement to preheat
gases. With steam tracing, plants that have steam available run gas
lines inside the steam lines to preheat the gases.
Emission streams containing HAP's should be preheated only to 50
to 100°F above the dew point, thus minimizing the vapor component of
the HAP and enabling a baghouse or an ESP to control the HAP as
effectively as possible. Appendix 3.2 presents procedures to determine
an emission stream's dew point.
If a gas preheater is used, a recalculation of the stream parameters
will have to be performed using standard industrial equations. For
example, increased gas stream temperature will increase the actual gas
flow rate to be controlled.
B.11.4 References
1. Liptak, B.C. Ed. Environmental Engineers' Handbook, Volume II;
Air Pollution. Chi 1 ton Book Company. Radnor, Pennsylvania. 1974.
2. U.S. EPA. Capital and Operating Costs of Selected Air Pollution
Control Systems^EPA-450/5-80-002.December 1978.
B.ll-3
-------
APPENDIX C.I
HAP EMISSION STREAM
DATA FORM
-------
LU
a;
oo
Q.
el
Z
O
rO
C
O
ro
a;
o
ro
M
C
O
o
Ol
O)
o;
a;
o
c
rs
ro
a;
c
o
in
in
a. o
a) c
r CU
aj 01
i «s
o.
oj ,. a;
CU >, 4->
S_ t-> ro
4-> T- 4J
GO C_3 GO
c
O
ro 4-)
a. ro
E u
o o
1 .
c
o
i *
fO
o
<4_
j_l
c
a>
a
c
JZ
a.
-^
j_
a;
E
"Z.
s
ro
a)
t.
J_>
GO
C
o
r-
I/)
in
r-
E
LU
<
(_)
.a
ra
ai
u
3
O
C
O
r-
in
r-
e
LU
Q
U
.Q
ra
O
LL_
^3
C
ro
in
in
ro
row
(_J
Q.
^£
Z
LU
U
-Q
ro
X
k
ro
«
CM
*
t-H
^^^
4.J
C
ai
c
o
CJ
CL
^c
z
u_
(J
-Q
ro
>^.^
CM
fw4
*^*
ai
t
3
l/l
l/l
0)
CM
a.
c_
O
Q.
ro
^»
CL
^
4J
r
r
r
O
3
r
O
GO
Q.
=sC
Z
z
u
.0
ro
.- ^
CM
( t
^^x
CL
O
C.
Q.
OJ
r-
4->
a.
0
^
<£
o_
<£
7TT
_
U
o
ro
,*-^,
CM
r t
^_^
4_>
c~
CJ1
r-
oj
^
ro
r^
3
0
cu
r
O
y"
fX
<^
z
-3
k
k
k
,«^
^.^
^j
C
Ol
o
0
o
c
ro
^1
t
O
CL
* *.
ro
A
CM
A
(M4
^M^
] 1
C
0)
c
o
o
0)
s^
3
4->
t/1
r~
O
s:
^
^^~
^~^
!
^.^^
I *
C
Ol
4-)
c
8
CM
O
"^
+->
ro
O)
Z
o-
^ -.
CO
M
CM
««
i*
>*_»«
OJ
c_
3
fO
^.
CU
a.
E
O>
1
_1
ro
Q.
Qi
«^-v
OO
A
CM
A
t«H
*^^t
O)
ro
.*>*
3
O
i»-
u_
s:
^ ^
ro
^ _^
g
ro
r~
r^i
C
ai
2:
OJ
o
4->
ro
Cu
GO
^ X
CM
*
4
N^^
a;
^
3
in
1/1
a)
£_
Q.
z.
^~~
ro^
^_^.
OO
o
GO
v^
^.
4->
r-
o
o
'oj
4-J
UjW
r-
Q
^
x^.^
rf ^.
CM
M
* *
^_^
C^
^_
T3
M
O)
s:
^^
c
Ol
CD
0
ro
^*
O
^+.
(/)
^_rf»
C
o
r~
4->
fO
i
3
CT
OJ
Q±
aj
o
13
0
r
p.*
Q.
Q.
^^
=
T,^_
OJ
>
0!
1
r~
O
c.
4->
C
0
a
u
t.
r~
3
O"
ai
i~*
>
in
a
o
?~*
4J
a>
^
^_
0
4^
C
o
a
aj
4J
U
1)
r
ai
GO
3
I
i
1
|
1
!
1
i
i
:
1
!
I
i
1
i
i
1
!
!
1
i
!
'
1
1
!
1
\
\
\
\
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
!
.
t
2
J3
c
o -a c
u a; o
V
DC in
O t_
a = a.
o c
4_j . 1/1 (/) 3
i- - U
C < -r- 4J
0) Z (_
ro ro
o cu 4J a.
4-> 0) ro U.
u -a u
s- G -a
o +-> -a
a. ro c cz
J= C ro
4-> O 1/1
Ul OJ
= a) CD c: c
ro l_ C O -r~
O) O <- T- _l
t_ E "O i/i
4-> c m c
(/I A aj .,- Q
* ***i E
o 01 cu a; c
a) « -a 3
c cu mo
r- ~-- -a in .c
E >vr- o "*
O t. r O in
U ro a. t_ CD
in a. a,-
L. in 3 .0
U O 4->
1> 3J ni o in
r- c .a ro 3
OT > ^
r- -r- , U O
c in
4-> / ra -r- m
VI ro "O aj
C U r-
c o *->
O -r- ro CM in
r 4-> c~ rjj
(/» -r- 5 «i
in T3 C .Q
r- -a cu o -
a) O in m
c <- cu -i- -0
in aj o
U S O
o t- a; in
<4 o i/i in E
<4 aj QJ ro
aj n u 01
t_ ro 4J O L.
T5 C_ C t_ 4J
4-> a) a. (/>
T3 X £_
ai a) ro e. c
4J a. o o
C 0) Q.T-
a; in c "a 1/1
in ID T- > (/i
01 -r-
t- in o E
a. t_ -r- ai
OJ C
ro in X3 ro O
4_) ^ E 31*^"
rO T3 3 t- C
O O C O ro
^ 17
u 4_> aj ii t-
J= 0) J= O
1 E H- r-H-k
k -K
C.l-1
-------
APPENDIX C.2
CALCULATION SHEET FOR DILUTION AIR REQUIREMENTS
-------
APPENDIX C.2
CALCULATION SHEET FOR DILUTION AIR REQUIREMENTS
Dilution air flow rate:
Qd - [(he/hd) - i]Qe
Q, = scfm
Diluted emission stream characteristics;
°2,d = °2
-------
APPENDIX C.3
CALCULATION SHEET FOR THERMAL INCINERATION
-------
APPENDIX C.3
CALCULATION SHEET FOR THERMAL INCINERATION
4.1.1 Data Required
HAP emission stream characteristics:3
1. Maximum flow rate, Q = scfm
2. Temperature, T
3. Heat content, he = Btu/scf
4. Oxygen content,
5. Moisture content, M = %
6. Halogenated organics: Yes No
Required destruction efficiency, DE =
alf dilution air is added to the emission stream upon exit from the process,
the data required are the resulting characteristics after dilution.
The oxygen content depends on the oxygen content of the organic compounds
(fixed oxygen) and the free oxygen in the emission stream. Since emission
streams treated by thermal incineration are generally-dilute VOC and air
mixtures, the fixed oxygen in the organic compounds can be neglected.
C.3-1
-------
In the case of a permit review, the following data should be supplied by
the applicant:
Thermal incinerator system variables at standard conditions
(70°F, 1 atm):
1. Reported destruction efficiency, DEreDOrted = %
2. Temperature of emission stream entering the incinerator,
Tg = °F (if no heat recovery);
T. - °F (if a heat exchanger is employed)
3. Combustion temperature, T = °F
C ~~" """~
4. Residence time, t * sec
5. Maximum emission stream flow rate, Q » scfm
6. Excess air, ex = %
7. Fuel heating value, h^ = Btu/scf
(assume natural gas)
8. Supplementary heat requirement, Hf = Btu/min
9. Combustion chamber volume, VG = ft
10. Flue gas flow rate, Qf = scfm
11. Heat exchanger surface area (if a heat exchanger is
2
employed), A = ft
C.3-2
-------
4.1.2 Pretreatment of the Emissions Stream: Dilution Air Requirements
Typically, dilution will not be required. However, if the emission
stream heat content (h ) is greater than 13 Btu/scf with oxygen concentration
greater than 16 percent, see Appendix C.2 where a blank calculation sheet for
determining dilution air requirements is provided.
4.1.3 Thermal Incinerator System Desin ..Variables
Based on the required destruction efficiency (DE), select appropriate
values for T and t from Table 4.1-1.
tr = _ sec
For a permit evaluation, if the applicant's values for T and t are
sufficient to achieve the required DE (compare the reported values with the
values presented in Table 4.1-1), proceed with the calculations. If the
applicant's values for TC and tr are not sufficient, the applicant's design is
unacceptable. The reviewer may then use the values for T and t from
Table 4.1-1.
sec
[Note: If DE is less than 98 percent, obtain information from literature and
incinerator vendors to determine appropriate values for T and t .]
C.3-3
-------
4.1.4 Determination of Incinerator Operating Variables
4.1.4.1 Supplementary Heat Requirements--
A. For dilute emission streams that require no additional combustion
air:
a. Use Figure 4.1-2:
Hf ' 'Wflgure'e
Hf - Btu/min
or
b. Use Equation 4.1-1:
Hf = l.lhf
Qe(l+0.002Me)[Cpa.r(Tc-Tr)-Cpa.r(The-Tr)-he]
hf - IA CPair (Tc - V
The values for the parameters in this equation can be determined as follows:
^e' *V Me Input data
hf Assume a value of 882 Btu/scf if
no other information is available.
Cp . Use Table B.4.1-1.
air
T Obtain value from Table 4.1-1 or from
permit applicant.
T. Use the following equation if the
value for T^ is not specified:
C.3-4
-------
The - (HR/100) Tc + [1 - (HR/100)] TS
where HR = heat recovery in the heat
exchanger (percent). Assume a value of 50
percent for HR if no other information is
available.
Tr 70°F
Btu/min
If Hf is less than 5 Btu/min, redefine Hf = 5 Btu/min.
B. For emission streams that are not dilute and require additional
combustion air:
a. Use Figure 4.1-3 to obtain a conservative estimate:
Hf - < Wfigure 'e
Hr = _ Btu/min
C.3-5
-------
4.1.4.2 Flue Gas Flow Rate--
A. For dilute emission streams, use Equation 4.1-2:
Qr * Q + Qr + Q
Mfg ^e Mf Mc
where:
and
Qf - Hf/hf
Qfg - scfm
B. For emission streams that require additional combustion air, use the
following equation to calculate Q (see Appendix B.4 for details):
Qc = [(0.01 He + 9.4 Qf)(l + 0.01 ex) - 0.0476 02 Qg]
He - Qehe
Assume ex = 18 percent if no other information is available.
Q - scfm
Then use Equation 4.1-2 to calculate Q~ :
^ = scfm
:.3-e
-------
4.1.5 Combustion Chamber Volume
Use Equation 4.1-4 to Convert Qr_ (standard conditions) to Q~ (actual
Ty ~g»a
conditions):
Qfg.a = Qfg ^Tc + 460)/530]
[Note: Pressure effects are negligible.]
Qfg,a - acfm
Use Equation 4.1-5 to calculate combustion chamber volume:
Vc = Wfg,a/60> V i'**
Obtain value for t from Table 4.1-1 or from permit applicant.
vc » ft3
If Vc is less than 36 ft (minimum commercially available size),
Vc = 36 ft3
4.1.6 Heat Exchanger Size
A. For dilute emission streams that do not require additional
combustion air:
C.3-7
-------
a. Use Figure 4.1-4:
A = ft2
b. Use Equation 4.1-6:
A - [60 Qe (1+0.002 Me)Cpair(The-Te)]/UATLM
The values for the parameters in this equation can be determined as follows:
^e' Cpair' The' Me ^s sPec^iec* f°r Equation 4.1-1.
T Input data.
U Use a value of 4 Btu/hr-ft2-°F
unless the inquirer/applicant has
provided a value.
T As specified for Equation 4.1-1.
AT,M Calculate AT, M using the following
expression:
ATLM ' Tc - The
ATLM
Heat exchanger surface area:
ft2
C.3-8
-------
B. For emission streams that are not dilute and require additional
combustion air:
a. Use Figure 4.1-5:
A -
-------
TABLE 4.1-2. COMPARISON OF CALCULATED VALUES AND VALUES
SUPPLIED BY THE PERMIT APPLICANT FOR
THERMAL INCINERATION
Supplementary heat requirement,
Supplementary fuel flow rate, Qr
Flue gas flow rate, Q-
Combustion chamber size, V
Heat exchanger surface area, A
Calculated Reported Value
Value
C.3-10
-------
APPENDIX C.4
CALCULATION SHEET FOR CATALYTIC INCINERATION
-------
APPENDIX C.4
CALCULATION SHEET FOR CATALYTIC INCINERATION
4.2.1 Data Required
HAP emission stream characteristics:3
1. Maximum flow rate, Q = scfm
2. Temperature, T = °F
3. Heat content, hg = Btu/scf
4. Oxygen content , 0- = %
5. Moisture content, M = %
Required destruction efficiency, DE %
In the case of a permit review, the following data should be s'upplied by
the applicant:
Catalytic incinerator system variables at standard conditions
(70°F, 1 atm):
1. Reported destruction efficiency, DEreDortecj * %
alf dilution air is added to the emission stream upon exit from the process,
.the data required are the resulting characteristics after dilution.
The oxygen content depends on the oxygen content of the organic compounds
(fixed oxygen) and the free oxygen in the emission stream. Since emission
streams treated by catalytic incineration are generally dilute VOC and air
mixtures, the fixed oxygen in the organic compounds can be neglected.
C.4-1
-------
2. Temperature of emission stream entering the incinerator,
T = °F (if no heat recovery),
T. = °F (if emission stream is preheated)
3. Temperature of flue gas leaving the catalyst bed,
Or
Tco
4. Temperature of combined gas stream (emission stream +
supplementary fuel combustion products) entering the catalyst
bed,
1
5. Space velocity, SV - _ hr
6. Supplementary heat requirement, H^ = _ Btu/min
7, Flow rate of combined gas stream entering the catalyst bed,
Qcom - - scfm
8. Combustion air flow rate, Q = _ scfm
9. Excess air, ex = _ %
10. Catalyst bed requirement, V. d = _ ft
11. Fuel heating value, h^ = _ Btu/scf
12. Heat exchanger surface area (if a heat exchanger is employed),
2
ft
4.2.2 Pretreatment of the Emission Stream: Dilution Air Requirements
For emis-sion streams treated by catalytic incineration, dilution air
typically will not be required. However, if the emission stream heat content
is greater than 10 Btu/scf for air + VOC mixtures or if the emission stream
heat content is greater than 15 Btu/scf for inert + VOC mixures, dilution air
is necessary. For emission streams that cannot be characterized as air + VOC
or inert + VOC mixtures, assume that dilution air will be required if the heat
content is greater than 12 Btu/scf. In such cases, refer to Appendix C.2
alf no supplementary fuel is used, the value for this variable will be
the same as that for the emission stream.
C.4-2
-------
where a blank calculation sheet for determining dilution air requirements is
provided.
4.2.3 Catalytic Incinerator System Design Variables
Based on the required destruction efficiency (DE), specify the appropriate
ranges for T . and T and select the value for SV from Table 4.2-1.
Tci (minimum) = 600°F
T (minimum) = 1,000°F
T_. (maximum) = 1,200°F
CO 4
SV = hr l
In a permit review, determine if the reported values for T ., T , and SV
are appropriate to achieve the required destruction efficiency. Compare the
applicant's values with the values in Table 4.2-1 and check if:
T . (applicant) > 600°F and 1,200°F > T (applicant) > 1,000°F
CI CO
and
SV (applicant) < SV (Table 4.2-1)
If the reported values are appropriate, proceed with the calculations.
Otherwise, the applicant's design is considered unacceptable. The reviewer
may then wish to use the values in Table 4.2-1.
4.2.4 Determination of Incinerator Operating Parameters
4.2.4.1 Supplementary Heat Requirements--
A. For dilute emission streams that require no additional combustion
air:
a. Use Equation 4.2-1 to determine if T . = 600°F from Table 4.2-1
is sufficient to ensure an adequate overall reaction rate
without damaging the catalyst, i.e., check if TCQ falls in
the interval 1,000-1,200°F:
C.4-3
-------
T = 600 + 50 h
co e
If T falls in the interval 1, 000-1, 200°F, proceed with
the calculations. If TCQ is less than 1,000°F, assume TCQ
is equal to 1,000°F and use Equation 4.2-2 to determine an
appropriate value for T . ; and then proceed with the
calculations:
Tc- = 1,000 - 50 hg
'el - _ °F
[Note: If T is greater than 1,200°F, decline in catalyst
activity may occur due to exposure to high temperatures.]
b. Use Figure 4.2-2 to determine supplementary heat requirements:
Hf -
-------
Cpair Use Table B.4-1 in Appendix B.4.
T . Obtain value from part (a) above or
from permit applicant.
TV For no heat recovery case, TV - T .
For heat recovery case, use the
following equation if the value for
T. is not specified:
The - (HR/100)TCQ + [1 - (HR/100)] T
where HR - heat recovery in the heat
exchanger (percent). Assume a value
of 50 percent for HR if no other
information is available.
70°F
H-: = Btu/min
B. For emission streams that are not dilute and require additional
combustion air:
a. Use Figure 4.2-3 to obtain a conservative estimate:
Hf -
-------
4.2.4.2 Flow Rate of Combined Gas Stream Entering the Catalyst Bed--
A. For dilute emission streams that require no additional combustion
air, use Equations 4.2-4 and 5:
^com = Qe + Qf + Qc
Qf - Hf/hf
Qr = _ scfm
Qcom = - scfm
B. For emission streams that require additional combustion air, use the
following equation to calculate Q :
Qc = [(0.01heQe + 9.4Qf)(l + O.Olex) - 0.047602Qe]
Qc = _ scfm
Then use Equation 4.2-4 to calculate Qc '
Qcom -
4.2.4.3 Flow Rate of Flue Gas Leaving the Catalyst Bed--
Use the result from the previous calculation:
Qr = Q
Mfg ycom
Qfg = scfm
If QfQ is less than 500 scfm, define Qr_ as 500 scfm.
Use Equation 4.2-6 to calculate Qr_ ,:
> 9> a
C.4-6
-------
.a = Qfg[{Tco
Qfg,a
4.2.5 Catalyst Bed Requirement
Use Equation 4.2-7:
Vbed ' 60 Cp . , T. , M , h As specified for Equations 4.2-1 and 3
S all DC 6 6
T Input data
C.4-7
-------
Use a value of 4 Btu/hr-ft2-°F unless
the inquirer/applicant has provided a
value.
T As calculated in part (a) of Step
4.2.4.1
AT... Calculate AT. M using the following
expression:
ATLM ' Tco - The
ATLH
Heat exchanger surface area:
.2
ft'
B. For emission streams that are not dilute and require additional
combustion air:
Use Figure 4.2-4 (solid line):
A - wv,_,figure
A = ft2
4.2.7 Evaluation of Permit Application
Compare the calculated values and the values supplied by the applicant
using Table 4.2-2
If the calculated values for Hff Qc, Qcom, Vbed, and A differ from the
applicant's values, the differences may be due to the assumptions involved in
C.4-8
-------
the calculations. Discuss the details of the design and operation of the
system with the applicant.
If the calculated and reported values are not different, then the design
and operation of the system can be considered appropriate based on the
assumptions employed in the manual.
C.4-9
-------
TABLE 4.2-2 COMPARISON OF CALCULATED VALUES AND VALUES
SUPPLIED BY THE PERMIT APPLICANT FOR CATALYTIC
INCINERATION
Calculated
Value Reported Value
Supplementary heat requirement, H^
Supplementary fuel flow rate, Q,:
Combustion air flow rate, Q
Combined gas stream flow rate, Q
Catalyst bed volume, V. .
Heat exchanger surface area (if
recuperative heat recovery is used), A
C.4-10
-------
APPENDIX C.5
CALCULATION SHEET FOR FLARES
-------
APPENDIX C.5
CALCULATION SHEET FOR FLARES
4.3.1 Data Required
HAP emission stream characteristics
1. Expected emission stream flowrate, Q = scfm
2. Emission stream temperature, T = °F
y ~
3. Heat content, hQ » Btu/scf
s -
4. Mean molecular weight of emission stream, MW = Ib/lb-mole
Flare tip diameter, D«. = in.
np
Required destruction efficiency, DE = %
In the case of a permit review, the following data should be supplied by
the applicant:
Flare system design parameters at standard conditions (70° F, 1 atm):
1. Flare tip diameter, D.. = in
2. Expected emission stream flowrate, Q = scfm
6 ~~""
3. Emission stream heat content, h = Btu/scf
4. Temperature of emission stream, Ta = ° F
6
5. Mean molecular weight of emission stream, MW. = Ib/lb-mole
6 "-
C.5-1
-------
6. Steam flowrate, Q. = Ib/min
S ~~"~~
7. Flare gas exit velocity, Uf1/, * ft/sec
T ig
8. Supplementary fuel flow rate,3 Q^ = scfm
9. Supplementary fuel heat content,a hf = Btu/scf
10. Temperature of flare gas, T^, = ° F
11. Flare gas flowrate, Q^, = scfm
12. Flare gas heat content, hr^ = Btu/scf
. ig
4.3.2 Determination of Flare Operating Variables
Based on studies conducted by EPA, relief gases having heating values
less than 300 Btu/scf are not assured of achieving 98 percent destruction
efficiency when they are flared in steam- or air-assisted flares.0
In a permit review case, if he is below 300 Btu/scf and no supplementary
fuel is used, then the application is rejected. The reviewer may then wish to
proceed with the calculations below. If h is eqi
then the reviewer should skip to Section 4.3-2.3.
proceed with the calculations below. If h is equal to or above 300 Btu/scf,
4.3.2.1 Supplementary Fuel Requirements--
For emission streams with heat contents less than 300 Btu/scf, additional
fuel is required. Use Equation 4.3-1 to calculate natural gas requirements:
aThis information is needed if the emission stream heat content is less than
300 Btu/scf.
If no auxiliary fuel is added, the value for this variable will be the same
as that for the emission stream.
cFor unassisted flares, the lower limit is 200 Btu/scf.
C.5-2
-------
Qf - [(300 - hej Qe]/582
scfm
4.3.2.2 Flare Gas Flow Rate and Heat Content--
Use Equation 4.3-2 to calculate the flare gas flow rate:
Determine the flare gas heat content as follows:
hfl = 300 Btu/scf if Qf > 0
hflg = he if Qf = 0
hflg - Btu/scf
4.3.2.3 Flare Gas Exit Velocity--
A. Use Table 4.3-1 to calculate U
max*
If 300 < hf| < 1,000, use the following equation:
U = 3.28 [10(0-00118hflg
mav L j
max
Umax
If llfln > 1,000 Btu/scf, U.,v = 400 ft/sec
(TlaX
C.5-3
-------
B. Use Equation 4.3-3 to calculate
Uflg - 3'06
where Q^-. is given by Equation 4.3-4:
'flg.a - Wf!g U , 98 percent destruction efficiency
cannot be achieved. When evaluating a permit, reject the application
in such a case.
4.3.2.4 Steam Requirements--
Assume that the amount of steam required is 0.4 Ib steam/1b flare gas.
Use Equation 4.3-5 to calculate Q :
Qs= 1.03X lO'3 x Qflg x MWflg
See Appendix B.7 for calculating MWr-|_.
Qs = Ib/min
C.5-4
-------
4.3.3 Evaluation of Permit Application
Compare the calculated and reported values using Table 4.3-2. If the
calculated values of Q^, Ur-.q, Qfi0> and Q are different from the reported
values for these variables, the differences may be due to the assumptions
(e.g. heating value of fuel, ratio of steam to flare gas, etc.) involved in
the calculations. Discuss the details of the design and operation of the
system with the applicant. If the calculated and reported values are not
different, then the operation of the system can be considered appropriate
based on the assumptions employed in the manual.
C.5-5
-------
TABLE 4.3-2 COMPARISON OF CALCULATED VALUES AND
. VALUES SUPPLIED BY THE PERMIT APPLICANT
FOR FLARES
Supplementary fuel flow rate,
Flare gas exit velocity, U^-,
Flare gas flow rate, Qr-i-
Steam flow rate, Q
Calculated Value Reported Value
C.5-6
-------
APPENDIX C.6
CALCULATION SHEET FOR CARBON ADSORPTION
-------
APPENDIX C.6
CALCULATION SHEET FOR CARBON ADSORPTION
4.5.1 Data Required
HAP Emission stream characteristics:
1. Maximum flow rate, Q - scfm
6 -
2. Temperature, T. = °F
S """
3. Relative humidity, R. = %
4. HAP =
5. Maximum HAP content, HAP ppmv
g -
Required removal efficiency, RE - %
In the case of a permit review, the following data should be supplied by
the applicant:
Carbon adsorber (fixed-bed) system variables
(standard conditions: 70° F, 1 atm):
1. Reported removal efficiency, REreported
2. HAP content, HAPg = ppmv
3. Emission stream flow rate, Qa = scfm
6 "
4. Adsorption capacity of carbon bed,
AC = Ib HAP/100 Ib carbon
C.6-1
-------
5. Number of beds =
6. Amount of carbon required, C = Ib
7. Cycle time for adsorption, 0 . - hr
8. Cycle time for regeneration, $ = hr
reg
9. Emission stream velocity through the bed, U - ft/min
10. Bed depth, Zbed - ft
11. Bed diameter, Dbe(j = ft
12. Steam ratio, St « Ib steam/1b carbon
4.5.2 Pretreatment of the Emission Stream
4.5.2.1 Cooling--
If the temperature of the emission stream is significantly higher than
100°F, a heat exchanger is needed to cool it to 100°F. Refer to Appendix B.5
for the calculation procedure.
4.5.2.2 Oehumidification--
D _ Of
Khum " h
If the relative humidity level is above 50%, a condenser is required to
cool and condense the water vapor in the emission stream. Refer to Section
4.7 for more details.
C.6-2
-------
4.5.2.3 High VOC Concentrations--
HAPa » ppmv
6 ----.-
If flammable vapors are present in the emission stream, VOC content will
be limited to below 25% of the LEL.
LEL = ppmv (from Table B.2-1)
25% of LEL = 0.25 x LEL (ppmv) =° ppmv
The maximum practical inlet concentration for carbon beds is about
10,000 ppmv. If HAPe is greater than 10,000 ppmv, carbon adsorption may not
be applicable.
4.5.3 Carbon Adsorption System Design Variables
Use Equation 4.5-1 to calculate the required outlet HAP concentration:
HAPQ * HAPe (1 - 0.01 RE)
HAPn = ppmv
0 ' "
Specify the appropriate values of &ad, 6 , and St from Table 4.5-1.
'ad ' hr
ereg
St = Ib steam/1b carbon
4.5.4 Determination of Carbon Adsorber System Variables
4.5.4.1 Carbon Requirements--
C.6-3
-------
a. Use Equation 4.5-2:
2 x 1.55 1(T5 N0adQ6(HAPe - HAPQ)
Assume N = 2
Obtain MWu/ip from Table B.2-2 or Reference 5.
Obtain AC from Figures B.8-1, 2, 3 or Table B.8-1. If no data are
available, use a conservative value of 5 Ib HAP/100 Ib carbon.
Creq
b. Use Figure 4.5-3 to obtain (CreQ/Qe)
req ~ ' req'^e'figure
Creq
4.5.4.2 Carbon Adsorber Size--
a. Use Equation 4.5-3 to calculate A. ,:
Abed = Qe,a/Ue
Calculate Q0 , using Equation 4.5-4:
e,a
Qe,a = Qe [{Te
acfm
C.6-4
-------
Assume U = 100 ft/sec
Abed
b. Use Equation 4.5-5 to calculate D
Dbed " ^(
bed1
0.5
Dbed - ft
c. Use Equation 4.5-6 to calculate volume of carbon per bed:
Vcarbon = (Creq/N>/pbed
Assume P = 30 Ib/ft
vcarbon - - ft3
d. Use Equation 4.5-7 to calculate
Zbed " Vcarbon/Abed
Zbed - - ft
Note: If Q is greater than about 20,000 scfm, three or more carbon
beds may need to be used.
4.5.4.3 Steam Required for Regeneration--
a. Use Equation 4.5-8 to calculate steam requirements:
C.6-5
-------
Assume *dry_cool - 0.25 hrs.
(L - _ Ib/min
j
b. Use Figure 4.5-4:
Qs = Ib/min
Calculate Qs/Abed:
Qs/Abed * Ib steam/min-ft2
2
If Qs/Akec( is greater than 4 Ib steam/mi n-ft , fluidization of the
carbon bed may occur.
4.5.4.4 Condenser--
a. Use Equation 4.5-10 to calculate H-J .:
HlQad - 1.1 x 60 x Qs [>+Cpw(Tsti -TstQ)]
Obtain X and Cp from Reference 6 based on the values assumed
for Tst. and TstQ.
H!oad = Btu/hr
b. Use Equation 4.5-9 to calculate A :
A = H, VUAT..J
con load LM
f\ -
Assume U = 150 Btu/hr-ft - F if no other data are available.
C.6-6
-------
AT
i WO'
sto ' wi
LM
where T. = 80°F and T - 130°F.
W1 WO
AT
LM
con
ft'
c. Use Equations 4.5-11 and 12 to calculate Q,
w
Qcool,w * Hload/[£pw(Two " Twi)]
QC001,W
gal/min
4.5.4.5 Recovered Product--
Use Equation 4.5-13 to calculate ()._:
i 6C
Qrec » 1.55 x 10"9 x Qe x HAPe x RE x MW
HAP
Ib/hr
C.6-7
-------
4.5.5 Evaluation of Permit Application
Compare the results from the calculations and the reported values using
Table 4.5-2.
If the calculated values of Creq, Dfaed, Zbed, Qs, ACQn, Qw, and Qrec, are
different from the reported values, the differences may be due to the
assumptions involved in the calculations. Discuss the details of the design
and operation of the system with the applicant.
If the calculated values agree with the reported values, then the design
and operation of the proposed carbon adsorber system may be considered
appropriate based on the assumptions made in this manual.
C.6-8
-------
TABLE 4.5-2 COMPARISON OF CALCULATED VALUES AND
VALUES SUPPLIED BY THE PERMIT APPLICANT
FOR CARBON ADSORPTION
Calculated Value Reported Value
Carbon requirement, C ... ...
Bed diameter, D, . ... ...
Bed depth, Zbed ... ...
Steam rate, Q ... ...
Condenser surface area, A ... ...
Cooling water rate, Q ... ...
w
Recovered product, Q
C.6-9
-------
APPENDIX C.7
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ABSORPTION
-------
APPENDIX C.7
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ABSORPTION
4.6.1 Data Required
1. Maximum flow rate, Q = scfm
2. Temperature, T - °F
e
3. HAP =
4. HAP concentration, HAP = ppmv
5. Pressure, P_ = mm Hg
6
Required removal efficiency, RE = %
In the case of a permit review, the following data should be supplied by
the applicant:
Absorption system variables at standard conditions (70°F, 1 atm):
1. Reported removal efficiency, F
2. Emission stream flow rate, Qa = scfm
6 -
3. Temperature of emission stream, T = °F
6 -
4. HAP =
5. HAP concentration, HAP * ppmv
6. Solvent used =
7. Slope of the equilibrium curve, m =
8. Solvent flow rate, L , * gal/min
C.7-1
-------
9. Density of the emission stream, pg = Ib/ft
10. Schmidt No. for the (HAP/emission stream) and (HAP/solvent) systems:
ScG =
Sc. »
(Refer to Appendix B.9 for definition and calculation of Sc,. and Sc, )
11. Properties of the solvent:
Density, PL = Ib/ft3
Viscosity, M, » centipoise
12. Type of packing used *
13. Packing constants:
a= b = c = d = <=
14. Column diameter, Dco-|umn = ft
15. Tower height, (packed) Htcolumn = ft
16. Pressure drop, A?t ta-. = in H^O
4.6.3 Determination of Absorber System Design and .Operating Variables
4.6.3.1 Solvent Flow Rate--
a. Assume a value of 1.6 for AF.
Determine "m" from the equilibrium data for the HAP/solvent system
under consideration (see References 1, 4, and 5 for equilibrium
data).
m =
C.7-2
-------
Use Equation 4.6-3:
Qe = scfm
* °'155 <>e
Gmol - Ib-moles/hr
b. Use Equation 4.6-2:
Lmol = l'* m Gmol
Lmol - Ib-moles/hr
c. Use Equation 4.6-4:
Lgal - °'036 Lmol
Lgal = gal/min
4.6.3.2 Column Diameter--
a. Use Figure 4.6-2:
Calculate the abscissa (ABS):
MWSQlvent - Ib/lb-niole
L = Lmol x MWsolvent
Ib/hr
C.7-3
-------
MWa = Ib/lb-mole
6 ~"~' ~T"
G - Gmol x MWe
Ib/hr
Pg = Ib/ft (refer to Appendix B.9 for calculating
this variable)
P, = Ib/ft (from Reference 1)
ABS = (L/G)(PG/PL)0'5
ABS
b. From Figure 4.6-2, determine the value of the ordinate (ORD) at
flooding conditions.
ORD
c. For the type of packing used, determine the packing constants from
Table B.9-1:
Determine *«, (from Reference 1)
M - cp
C.7-4
-------
d. Use Equation 4.6-8 to calculate G_, f:
areaj T
Garea,f = <[ORD PG pl
Acolumn " ft
g. Use Equation 4.6-11 to calculate the column diameter:
Dcolumn " 1>13
column ~
C.7-5
-------
4.6.3.3 Column Height--
a. Use Equation 4.6-13 or Figure 4.6-3 to calculate
Using Equation 4.6-13:
HAP = ppmv
HAPQ = HAPg (1 - 0.01RE)
HAPn = _ ppmv
0 ""
- (1/AF)] + (1/AF)}/[1 - (1/AF)]
NOG
Using Figure 4.6-3:
HAPe/HAPQ =
At HAPe/HAPQ and 1/AF = 1/1.6 = 0.63, determine NOQ:
NOG
b. Use Equations 4.6-14, 15, and 16 to calculate HG, HL, and
Determine the packing constants in Equation 4.6-15 using
Tables B.9-2 and 3.
c =
Y = s =
C.7-6
-------
Determine SCQ and ScL using Tables B.9-4 and 5:
ScL
L" - L/Aco1umn
L" = lb/hr-ft2
M. " * lb/hr-ft (from Reference 1)
Calculate Hr and H, :
u L
HG = [b(3,600Garea)c/(L")d](Sc6)0-5
Y(LVML")S(ScL)°-5
H. = ft
L -~
Calculate HOG using AF = 1.6:
HOG - ft
c. Use Equation 4.6-12 to calculate Htcolumn:
C.7-7
-------
Htcolumn = NOG HOG
Htcolumn = ft
d. Use Equation 4.6-18 to calculate
Httotal ' Htcolumn + 2 + {0'25 Dcolumn>
Httotal = - ft
e. Use Equation 4.6-19 to calculate
Wtcolumn - <48 Dco1umn x Httotal>
wtcolumn
f. Use Equation 4.6-20 to calculate V ^ :
packing = °-785(Dcolumn x Htcolun,n
V - ft
packing
4.6.3.4 Pressure Drop Through the Column--
a. Use Equation 4.6-21 to calculate AP :
a.
Determine the constants using Table B.9-6:
C.7-8
-------
AP - g x 10-8[10(rLV L}](3,600 Gav,0J2/
APa * _ Ib/ft2-ft
"~
b. Use Equation 4.6-22 to calculateAP^ t ,
APtotal =AP x Htcolun,n
APtotal - - lb/ft2
) - _ inH20
4.6.4 Evaluation of Permit Application
Compare the results from the calculations and the values supplied by the
permit applicant using Table 4.6-1. If the calculated values are different
from the reported values, the differences may be due to the assumptions
involved in the calculations. Therefore, discuss the details of the proposed
design with the applicant.
If the calculated values agree with the reported values, then the design
of the proposed absorber system may be considered appropriate based on the
assumptions made in this manual.
C.7-9
-------
TABLE 4.6-1 COMPARISON OF CALCULATED VALUES AND VALUES
SUPPLIED BY THE PERMIT APPLICANT FOR
ABSORPTION
Calculated Value Reported Value
Solvent flow rate, L , ... ...
Column diameter,
Column height, H
Total column height, Htx.,
Packing volume, Vpack1ng
Pressure drop, AP. t-|
Column weight, Wtco]umn
C.7-10
-------
APPENDIX C.8
CALCULATION SHEET FOR CONDENSATION
-------
APPENDIX C.8
CALCULATION SHEET FOR CONDENSATION
4.7.1 Data Required
1. Maximum flow rate, Q. = scfm
6 "
2. Temperature, T * °F
6 '
3. HAP =
4. HAP concentration, HAPQ = ppmv
6 ~
5. Moisture content, MQ = %
C "
6. Pressure, PQ = mm Hg
6 ~~ "'""
Based on the control requirements for the emission stream:
Required removal efficiency, RE * %
In the case of a permit review for a condenser, the following data should
be supplied by the applicant:
Condenser system variables at standard conditions (70°F, 1 atm):
1. Reported removal efficiency, REreported = %
2. Emission stream flow rate, QQ = scfm
6 ' ' '
3. Temperature of emission stream, T = °F
5 ' ~
4. HAP =
5. HAP concentration, HAP = ppmv
C.8-1
-------
Or
6. Moisture content, M = %
7. Temperature of condensation, Trnn = °F
8. Coolant used
9. Temperature of inlet coolant, T -j . = UF
10. Coolant flow rate, Qcooiant Whr
11. Refrigeration capacity, Ref = tons
2
12. Condenser surface area, A = ft
4.7.2 Pretreatment of the Emission Stream
Check to see if moisture content of the emission stream is high. If it
is high, dehumidification is necessary. This can be carried out in a heat
exchanger prior to the condenser.
4.7.3 Condenser System Design Variables
The key design variable is the condensation temperature. Coolant
selection will be based on this temperature.
In evaluating a permit application, use Table 4.7-1 to determine if the
applicant's values for TCQn, coolant type, and TCQo1 i are appropriate:
T = °F
con
Coolant type =
f\
cool,i
C.8-2
-------
If they are appropriate, proceed with the calculations. Otherwise,
reject the proposed design. The reviewer may then wish to follow the
calculation procedure outlined below.
4.7.4 Determination of Condenser System Design Variables
4.7.4.1 Estimation of Condensation Temperature- -
Use Equation 4.7-1 to calculate
partial = 760{(1" °'01 RE)/[1 ' {RE x 10~8 HAPe)^HAPe x 10~6
Ppartial mm Hg
Use Figure 4.7-2 to determine T :
T = °F
con
4.7.4.2 Selection of Coolant--
Use Table 4.7-1 to specify the coolant (also see References 3 and 4)
Coolant
4.7.4.3 Condenser Heat load--
a. 1. Use Equation 4.7-2 to calculate HAP. _:
6 ^ Iff
HAPe,m *
-------
2. Use Equation 4.7-3 to calculate HAP :
HAPo,m " (V3WU1-OW. * 10-)[Pvapor/(Pe - Pvapor)]
where pvapor ' 'partial
HAP,, = Ib-moles/min
o jin ~~~~~~~
3. Use Equation 4.7-4 to calculate HAP :
HAPcon - HAPe,m - HAPo,m
HAP.nn » Ib-moles/min
con __^_^_
b. 1. Calculate heat of vaporization (£H) of the HAP from the slope of
the graph [ln(Pvapor)] vs [l/(TCfln + 460)] for the Pyapor and TCQ
ranges of interest. See Appendix B.10 for details.
AH = Btu/lb-mole
2. Use Equation 4.7-5 to calculate
where Cpn.p can be obtained from References 3 and 4.
Hcon - Btu/min
3. Use Equation 4.7-6 to calculate
C.8-4
-------
Huncon ' HAPo,m
Huncon - - Btu/min
4. Use Equation 4.7-7 to calculate H :
"noncon '
where Cp,. can be obtained from Table B.4-1 in Appendix B.4.
Hnoncon - - Btu/min
c. 1. Use Equation 4.7-8 to calculate
"load " _ Btu/hr
4.7.4.4 Condenser Size--
Use Equation 4.7-9 to calculate A
where AT. is calculated as follows:
Assume: Tcool,i ' Tcon-15' and Tcool,o-Tcool,i = 25°F
C.8-5
-------
T
'cool,i
T = °F
cool,o -
ATLM - °F
A
Assume: U = 20 Btu/hr-ft - F (if no other estimate is available)
Acon - - ft2
4.7.4.5 Coolant Flow Rate--
Use Equation 4.7-10 to calculate QCOQ-iant:
Qcoolant = Hload/[-pcoolant ^Tcool ,o"Tcool ,
The value for £Pcooian4. ^°r different coolants can be obtained from
References 3 or 4. If water is used as the coolant, £p t can be taken as
1 Btu/lb-°F.
£Pcoolant - _ Btu/lb-°F
Qcoolant Whr
4.7.4.6 Refrigeration Capacity--
Use Equation 4.7-11 to calculate Ref:
Ref ' Hload/12>000
Ref = tons
C.8-6
-------
4.7.4.7 Recovered Product- -
Use Equation 4.7-12 to calculate Q
re(.
Qrec - 60 x HAPCQn x
Qrec - 1b/hr
4.7.5 Evaluation ofPermit Application
Compare the results from the calculations and the values supplied by the
permit applicant using Table 4.7-2. If the calculated values T , coolant
type, Qcooiant» AH' ^e^' an(* ^rec are Different ^rom tne Deported values for
these variables, the differences may be due to the assumptions involved in the
calculations. Discuss the details of the proposed design with the permit
applicant.
If the calculated values agree with the reported values, then the design
and operation of the proposed condenser system may be considered appropriate
based on the assumptions made in this manual.
C.8-7
-------
TABLE 4.7-2 COMPARISON OF CALCULATED VALUES AND
VALUES SUPPLIED BY THE PERMIT APPLICANT
FOR CONDENSATION
Calculated Value Reported Value
Condensation temperature, T
Coolant type
Coolant flow rate, Qcoolant
Condenser surface area, A
Refrigeration capacity, Ref
Recovered product, Q
C.8-8
-------
APPENDIX C.9
CALCULATION SHEET FOR FABRIC FILTERS
-------
APPENDIX C.9
CALCULATION SHEET FOR FABRIC FILTERS
4.8.1 Data Required
HAP emission stream characteristics:
1. Flow rate, °-e,a = acfm
2. Moisture content, Me = % (vol)
3. Temperature, Te = °F
4. Particle Mean dia. = m
5. S03 content = ppm (vol)
6. Participate content = grains/scf
7. HAP content = % (mass)
In the case of a permit review, the following data should be
supplied by the applicant:
1. Filter fabric material
2. Cleaning method (mechanical shaking, reverse air, pulse-jet)
3. Air-to-cloth ratio ft/min
4. Baghouse construction configuration (open pressure, closed
pressure, closed suction)
4.8.2 Pretreatment Considerations
If emission stream temperature is not from 50 to 100°F above the
dew point, pretreatment is necessary (see Section 3.2.1 and Appendix 8.2).
Pretreatment will cause two of the pertinent emission stream characteristics
to change; list the new values below.
C.9.1
-------
1. Maximum flow rate at actual cond., Qe>a = _ acfm
2. Temperature, Te = _ °F
4.8.3 Fabric Filter System Design Variables
1. Fabric Type(s) (use Table 4.8-1):
a. _
b. _
c. _
2. Cleaning Method(s) (Section 4.8.3.2):
a. _
b. _
3. Air-to-cloth ratio, point or range (Table 4.8-3) _ ft/min
4. Net cloth area, Anc:
Anc = Qe,a / (A/c rati°)
9
where: Anc = net cloth area, ft'-
Qe a = maximum flow rate at actual conditions, acfm
A/C ratio = air-to-cloth ratio, ft/min
Anc = _ / _
A
M
5. Gross cloth area, Atc:
Ate = Anc x Factor
where: A-^ = gross cloth area,
Factor = value from Table 4.8-4, dimensionless
Ate = _ x _ _
Atc
6. Baghouse configuration
C.9-2
-------
4.8.4 Evaluation of Permit Application
Using Table 4.8-5, compare the results from this section and the
data supplied by the permit applicant. As pointed out in the discussion
on fabric filter design considerations, the basic design parameters are
generally selected without the involved, analytical approach that
characterizes many other control systems, such as an absorber system
(Section 4.6). Therefore, in evaluating the reasonableness of any
system specifications on a permit application, the reviewer's main task
will be to examine each parameter in terms of its compatibility with
the gas stream and particulate conditions and with the other selected
parameters. The following questions should be asked:
1. Is the temperature of the emission stream entering the
baghouse within 50 to 100°F above the stream dew point?
2. Is the selected fabric material compatible with the conditions
of the emission stream; that is, temperature and composition
(see Table 4.8-1)?
3. Is the baghouse cleaning method compatible with the selected
fabric material and its construction; that is, material type
and woven or felted construction (see Section 4.8.3.2 and
Table 4.8-2)?
4. Will the selected cleaning mechanism provide the desired control?
5. Is the A/C ratio appropriate for the application; that is,
type of dust and cleaning method used (see Table 4.8-3)?
6. Are the values provided for the gas flow rate, A/C ratio,
and net cloth area consistent? The values can be checked with
the following equation:
Q
A/C ratio = e**
Anc
where: A/C ratio = air-to-cloth ratio, ft/min
Qe a = emission stream flow rate at actual
conditions, acfm
Anc = net cloth area, ft2
7. Is the baghouse configuration appropriate; that is, is it a
negative-pressure baghouse?
C.9-3
-------
TABLE 4.8-5. COMPARISON OF CALCULATED VALUES AND VALUES
SUPPLIED BY THE PERMIT APPLICANT FOR FABRIC FILTERS
Calculated Value Reported Value
Emission Stream Temp. Range3 ... ...
Selected Fabric Material ... ...
Baghouse Cleaning Method
* *
A/C ratio _ ^e,a ... ...
Baghouse Configuration ... ...
aSee Section 3.2.1.
A particular manufacturer/customer combination may employ some-
what different criteria in their selection of design parameters (such
as lower annualized costs of operation at the expense of higher initial
costs), and so a departure from the "rules-of-thumb" discussed here
may still be compatible with achieving the needed high collection
efficiencies. Further discussions with the permit applicant are
recommended to evaluate the design assumptions and to reconcile any
apparent discrepancies with usual practice.
C.9-4
-------
APPENDIX C.10
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
-------
APPENDIX C.10
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
4.9.1 Data Required
HAP Emission Stream Characteristics:
1. Flow rate, Qe,a =
2. Emission stream temperature, Te =
3. Participate content =
4. Moisture content, Me =
5. HAP content
6. Drift velocity of particles,
7. Collection efficiency, CE
acfm
°F
grams/scf
% (vol)
% (mass)
ft/s
% mass
In case of a permit review, the following data should be supplied
by the applicant. The design considerations in this section will
then be used to check the applicant's design.
1. Reported collection efficiency = %
2. Reported drift velocity of particles = ft/sec
3. Reported collection plate area = ft^
4.9.2 Pretreatment of Emission Stream
If the emission stream temperature is not from 50 to 100°F above
the dew point, pretreatment is necessary (see Section 3.2.1 and
Appendix B.2). Pretreatment will cause two of the pertinent emission
stream characteristics to change; list the new values below.
1. Maximum flow rate at actual cond., Qe a =
2. Temperature, Te = °F
acfm
C.10-1
-------
4.9.3 ESP Design Variables
Collection plate area is a function of the emission stream
flow rate, drift velocity of the particles (Table 4.9-1), and desired
control efficiency. The variables are related by the Deutsch-Anderson
equation:
- Q
e'a x In (1 - CE)
where:
60 x Ud
A = collection plate area, ft*
Qe,a = emission stream flow rate at actual conditions
as it enters the control device, acfm
U,j = drift velocity of particles, ft/sec
CE = required collection efficiency, decimal fraction
AD = (- ) x In (1 - 0. )
60 x (
AP =
ft'
4.9.4 Evaluation of Permit Application
Using Table 4.9-2, compare the results from this section and
the data supplied by the permit applicant. In evaluating the
reasonableness of ESP design specifications in a permit application,
the main task will be to examine each parameter in terms of its
capability with the gas stream conditions.
If the applicant's collection plate area is less than the
calculated area, the discrepancy will most likely be the selected
drift velocity. Further discussions with the permit applicant are
recommended to evaluate the design assumptions and to reconcile any
apparent discrepancies.
C.10-2
-------
TABLE 4.9-2. COMPARISON OF CALCULATED VALUES AND
VALUES SUPPLIED BY THE PERMIT
APPLICANT FOR ESP'3
Calculated Value Reported
Value
Drift velocity of particles, Ud
Collection efficiency, CE
Collection plate area, A
C.10-3
-------
APPENDIX C.ll
CALCULATION SHEET FOR VENTURI SCRUBBERS
-------
APPENDIX C.ll
CALCULATION SHEET FOR VENTURI SCRUBBERS
4.10.1 Data Required
HAP emission stream characteristics:
1. Flow rate Qe a = acfm
2. Temperature, Te = °F
3. Moisture content, Me = %
4. Required collection efficiency, CE = %
5. Partic.le mean diameter, Dp = jum
6. Particulate content = grains/scf
7. HAP content = % (mass)
In the case of a permit review, the following data should be
supplied by the applicant:
1. Reported pressure drop across venturi = "HgO
2. An applicable performance curve for the venturi scrubber
3. Reported collection efficiency = %
4.10.2 Pretreatment of Emission Stream
If the emission stream temperature is not from 50 to 100°F
above the dew point, pretreatment is necessary (see Section 3.2.1 and
Appendix B.2). Pretreatment will cause two of the pertinent emission
stream characteristics to change; list the new values below:
1. Maximum flow rate at actual cond., Qe a = acfm
2. Temperature, Te = °F
C.ll-1
-------
4 . 10 . 3 Venturi Scrubber Design Variables
4.10.3.1 Venturi Scrubber Pressure Drop
The pressure drop across the venturi (APV) can be estimated
through the use of a venturi scrubber performance curve (Figure 4.10-2)
and known values for the required collection efficiency (CE) and the
particle mean diameter (Dp).
^Pv = ______ in H20
If the estimated APV is greater than 80 in l-^O, assume that the
venturi scrubber cannot achieve the desired control efficiency.
4.10.3.2 Materials of Construction ~
Select the proper material of construction by contacting a
vendor, or as a lesser alternative, by using Table 4.10-2.
Material of construction ________
4.10.4 Sizing of Venturi Scrubbers
Some performance curves and cost curves are based on
the saturated gas flow rate (Qe>s). If Qe,s 1s needed, it can be
calculated as follows:
Qe.s = °-e,a x ^Te,s * 460)/(Te + 460)
where: Q6jS = saturated emission stream flow rate, acfm
Te s = temperature of the saturated emission stream, °F
Use Figure 4.10-3 to determine Te>s; the moisture content of the
emission stream (Me) must be in units of Ibs f^O/lbs dry air.
Convert Me (% vol.) to units of Ibs I^O/lbs dry air, decimal fraction
(Me/100) x (18/29) = _____ Ib H20/lb dry air
From Figure 4.10-3:
T = °F
'e.s --- f
C.ll-2
-------
Qe,s = ( ) * ( + 460) / ( + 460)
Qe,s = acfm
4.10.5 Evaluation of Permit Application
Using Table 4.10-3, compare the results of this section and the
data supplied by the permit applicant. Compare the estimated APV and the
reported pressure drop across the venturi, as supplied by the permit
applleant.
If the estimated and reported values differ, the differences may
be due to the applicant's use of another performance chart, or a discre-
pancy between the required and reported collection efficiencies.
Discuss the details of the design and operation of the system with the
applicant. If there are no differences between the estimated and
reported values for dPv, the design and operation of the system can be
considered appropriate based on the assumptions employed in this manual.
TABLE 4.10-3. COMPARISON OF CALCULATED VALUES AND
VALUES SUPPLIED BY THE PERMIT
APPLICANT FOR VEMTURI SCRUBBERS
Calculated Value Reported
Value
Particle Mean Diameter, Dp
Collection efficiency, CE
Pressure drop across venturi, APV
C.ll-3
-------
APPENDIX C.12
CAPITAL AND ANNUALIZED COST
CALCULATION WORKSHEET
-------
TABLE C.I2-1. PRELIMINARY CALCULATIONS FOR CAPITAL COST ALGORITHM
(1) Calculation of Duct Diameter, Da = emission stream flow rate at actual conditions, acfm
uduct = velocity of gas stream in duct, ft/min
= 12 M x ( I
, __ __
If velocity of gas stream in duct is unknown, use 2,000 ft/min;
the equation then becomes:
Dduct - 0.3028 (Qe>a)1/2
Dduct = 0.3028 ( J1/2 = in.
(2) Calculation of Stack Diameter, Dstack (in«)
Dstack= 12 l * Jfa
where: Qfg.a = actual flue gas flow rate, acfm
ustack = velocity of gas in stack, ft/min
°stack = 12 * i-j _ pi ' _ 1n'
The gas stream velocity in the stack should be at least 4,000 ft/min.
If velocity is unknown, use 4,000 ft/min; the equation then becomes:
Dstack
°stack - 0.2141 ( _ )1/2
in.
(3) Calculation of Total System Pressure Drop, APt (in.
APt = Apduct + Dstack + ^device #1 + ^device #2 + ^Pdevice #3
[Note: See Table 5-7 (p. 5-44) for AP values.]
= _ + _ + _ + _ + _ = _ in. H20
C.12-1
-------
CO
_J
O
*z*z
LU
O£
o£
=>
o
z
t/)
H-
oo
o
i*
a.
cC
CJ
Lu
O
1 1 [
1
eg
^g^
i (
U»
r^~
CO
LU
v
CM
1
CM
J
S- 1
CO 3
LU cj ai
"" 1/1
u-
o: oo
o o
o
U-J
py* LU
~^ )
O 2Q
H-l <
LU I
CO
h-
LU
s:
LU
1
LU
1
O
~
II
"""
X
<>=»
+-» (0
I/I i-
0 0
^
&_
S_ 01
3 C
0. -r-
o
c
a. HH
r
3 ,«.
O" ^
LU S
^_
1- Ol
o -=
<-> t
lt
*
II
X
^
f^
^.
cu
Ol
c:
13
0
X
LU
+J
^
Ol
31
*
II
""""
X
v>
u
^.
o
t-J
,13
t-
U
C
.fH*
^J
c
» t
o
4J
>^
p..
^
4_)
4-
4^
c
13
i.
O>
Ol
^
&
4-
Ol
rs^"
V*
II
"""
X
V*
O)
^.
Ol
4J
r"~
Lu
U
r
^.
^^
13
LU
V>
II
"^
X
CM
£.
**^
V*
X
CM
+->
^t
II
(.
4-
"*
n
Ol
- yi
Ol
.-a
CO
*>«>
ii
"""
X
~
}
J
r-
Q-
00
LU
X
X
<=*»
^
V-
Ol
.^
.A
3
L-
o
«r~
L.
3
^j
c
O)
II
X
f"
VI
i-
o
4-J
u
Lu
C
01
r
1/1
Ol
a
V9-
o
+j
U 1
fQ ^^
Lu 1
O
- c I
O CO
4-> 00
I/)
O
Q.
E
O
O
^_
L_
O
c
fO
LU
V)
Ol
e
^
u
r"
.^
1
o
Ol
3
C
^*
+->
C
o
u
C.12-2
-------
oo
1
o
0
1
y*
LU
Oi
ai
<_)
z.
00
1
OO
O
<->
J ^o"
«C CLI
t TJ
H-H 3
CL r
< U
0 C
O
i i ^
O
LU
I
^£
^"
t 4
1
00
LU
CM
|
CM
14
LU
^£
1
1
OO
0
i
52
Qi
O
01
, . n
LU 1
Qi LU CO
O
H- CU
CJ I/) O.
CU
< = r-
I O) -Q
c£ £- f^J
v>
^
^
^^ W v^ .^ -t^. -b^
ii ii ii it
f .,
*^
^_x
/-^.
**^
.
f ^
*"^
LO
<->
O
_.T4
^^
i
o
1
ca
-~^
00 r
4->
O
_Q
3
OO
CM
s
X X X X CL)
^_> y^
I 1 +J
<^ «
_c
4 '
01
c
OJ
1
X
<^
~
^
* «*
4_)
t/>
O
<_J
^_)
c
QJ
S-
^.
3
o
£^
rQ
Lj_
c
+ i-H CO
r- 0 4J
P O 3 «3"
O 1 "-3 «*
4-> -a s
-O X «eC Ol S
3 4-) CL)
OO - « + i " +->
n i i
i i n M-
s o <+-
S CU S 0
CU +J CU S*
4_) H«* 4^ C^ 3^
» » ^_^ > i i i oo
+<-> (/)
tO r
O O
0 S-
«->
tO CL tO O
O '<- O (-J
0 30
0- T3
LU C
JS ^X ro t/1
U .r- O)
S- -C C -3 C X
3 O C
r- t. , +J i_ C (O
3 O r^ £ fa tO 3 CU
O" ^ Sb. J^ 4^J 3 Q- C >->
LU 4-> -ili O ,"O 1 XI 1 I_i31
3 fT3 O 4-* 1 «£ ^C 4^ '^~
X C^ LL. 51 OO CU H"" (/I CO
3 S- O C S_
CU
<* L-
cu
^ r"
3
LO
M
£ ' *
cu f^*
^j
« s
U
+ 4->
^f ^-^
S x
CU
+-> 0
i i U_
J *
U1 OO
0 (
C-J OO
o
"O (-3
CU
to _i
ra <:
-C 1
LJ t-H
i- a.
3 <=C
CL c.)
__] _ J
CXD
C.12-3
-------
FOOTNOTES TO TABLE C.12-2
aThermal Incinerator: Figure 5-1 (p. 5-19), includes fan plus instru-
mentation and control costs for thermal incinerators, in addition to
the major equipment purchased cost. Additional auxiliary equipment
(ductwork and stack) purchased costs and costs of freight and taxes
must be added to obtain the total purchased cost.
^Heat Exchangers: If the HAP control system requires a heat -exchanger,
obtain the cost from Figure 5-2 (p. 5-20), escalate this cost using
the appropriate factor, and add to the major equipment purchased cost.
cCatalytic Incinerator: Figure 5-3 (p. 5-21) provides the cost of a
catalytic incinerator, less catalyst costs. The "TABLE" catalyst cost
is estimated by multiplying the volume of catalyst required (Vcat,
p. 4.2-16) by the catalyst cost factor ($/ft3) found on Table 5-3
(p. 5-40). Catalyst costs, all auxiliary equipment (ductwork, fan, and
stack) purchased costs and the cost of instrumentation and controls,
and freight and taxes must be added to obtain the total purchased cost.
^Carbon adsorber: Figure 5-4 (p. 5-22) (packaged carbon adsorber
systems) includes the cost of carbon, beds, fan and motor, instrumen-
tation and controls, and a steam regenerator. Additional auxiliary
equipment (ductwork and stack) purchased costs and costs of freight
and taxes must be added to obtain the total purchased cost.
Figure 5-5 (p. 5-23) (custom carbon adsorber systems) includes beds,
instrumentation and controls, and a steam regenerator, less carbon.
The "TABLE" carbon cost for custom carbon adsorbers is estimated by
multiplying the weight of carbon required (Creq» p. 4.5-10) by the
carbon cost factor ($/lb) found on Table 5-3 (p. 5-40). Costs of carbon,
all auxiliary equipment (duct, fan, stack) purchased costs, and freight
and taxes must be added to obtain the total purchased cost.
eAbsorber: Figure 5-6 (p. 5-24) does not include the cost of packing,
platforms, and ladders. The cost of platforms and ladders (Fig. 5-7
p. 5-25) and packing must be added to obtain the major purchased equipment
cost. The "TABLE" packing cost is estimated by multiplying the volume
of packing required (Vpack» P- 4.6-16) by the appropriate packing cost
factor found on Table 5-4 (p. 5-41). All auxiliary equipment (ductwork,
fan, and stack) purchased costs, and costs of freight and taxes must
be added to obtain the total purchased cos.t.
fCondenser Systems: Figure 5-8 (p. 5-26) yields total capital costs
for cold water condenser systems. For systems needing refrigerant,
the applicable cost from Figure 5-9 (p. 5-27) must be added to
obtain the total capital costs. In either case, the escalated cost
estimate is then placed on Line 8, "TOTAL CAPITAL COSTS."
QFabric Filter Systems: Figure 5-10 (p. 5-28) gives the cost of a
negative pressure, insulated baghouse. The curve does not include bag
costs. The "TABLE" bag cost is estimated by multiplying the gross
cloth area required (A^c. P. 4.8-14) by the appropriate bag cost factor
found on Table 5-5 (p. 5-42). Bag costs, all auxiliary equipment
(duct, fan, and stack) purchased costs, the cost of instrumentation
and controls, and freight and taxes must be added to obtain the
total purchased cost.
C.12-4
-------
FOOTNOTES TO TABLE C.12-2 (Concluded)
Electrostatic Precipitators: Figure 5-11 (p. 5-29) provides the cost
for an insulated ESP. All auxiliary equipment (duct, fan, and stack)
purchased costs, the cost of instrumentation and controls, and
freight and taxes must be added to obtain the total purchased cost.
iyenturi Scrubber: Figure 5-12 (p. 5-30) includes the cost of
instrumentation and controls in addition to the major equipment
purchased cost. This cost curve is based on a venturi scrubber
constructed from 1/8-inch carbon steel. Figure 5-13 (p. 5-31) is used
to determine if 1/8-inch steel is appropriate for a given application
(use the higher curve). If thicker steel is required, Figure 5-14
(p. 5-32) yields an adjustment factor for various steel thicknesses;
this factor is used to escalate the cost obtained from Figure 5-12.
In addition, if stainless steel is required (see Section 4.10.3.2)
multiply the scrubber cost estimate by 2.3 for 304L stainless steel or
by 3.2 for 316L stainless steel. Costs of all auxiliary equipment
(ductwork, fan, and stack) and freight and taxes must be added to
obtain the total purchased cost.
JDuctwork: Figure 5-15 (p. 5-33) gives the cost of straight ductwork
made of carbon steel for various thicknesses, based on the required
duct diameter. Figure 5-16 (p. 5-34) gives the cost of straight
ductwork made of stainless steel for various thicknesses, based on the
required duct diameter. Preliminary calculations (duct diameter, see
Table C.12-1) are necessary to estimate ductwork costs.
^Fan: Figure 5-17 (p. 5-35) gives the cost of a fan based on the gas
flow rate at actual conditions and the HAP control system pressure
drop (in inches of ^0). The applicable fan class is also based on the
HAP control system pressure drop. Calculation of the total system
pressure drop is presented in Table C.12-1.
^The cost of a motor is estimated as 15% of the fan cost.
mStack: Figure 5-18 (p. 5-36) gives the cost of a carbon steel stack
at various stack heights and diameters. Figure 5-19 (p. 5-37) gives
the price of a stainless steel stack at various stack heights and
diameters. Preliminary calculations (stack diameter, see Table C.12-1)
are necessary to estimate stack costs. For both figures, use the curve
that best represents the calculated diameter.
nFor thermal incinerators, carbon adsorbers, and venturi scrubbers, the
purchase cost curve includes the cost for instrumentation and controls.
This cost (i.e., the "Adjustment") must be subtracted out to estimate
the total purchased equipment cost. This is done by adding the Item 1
subtotal and the Item 2 subtotal and multiplying the result by -0.091.
This value is added to the preliminary total purchased equipment cost
to obtain the total purchased equipment cost. For all other major
equipment, the "Adjustment" equals zero.
°0btain factor "F" from "TOTAL" line in Table 5-8 (p. 5-45).
C.12-5
-------
TABLE C.12-3. PRELIMINARY CALCULATIONS FOR ANNUALIZED COST ALGORITHM
(1) Calculation of Annual Elect. Requirement, AER (Line 5, Table C.12-6)
a. Fan Electricity Requirement, FER
FER = 0.0002 (Qfg,a) x AP x HRS
where: Qfg.a = actual flue gas flow rate, acfm
AP = total HAP control system pressure drop, in. H20
(see Table 5-7, p. 5-44)
HRS = annual operating hours, hr
[Note: Use 8,600 unless otherwise specified.]
FER = 0.0002 ( ) x x = kWh
b. Baghouse Electricity Requirement, BER
[Note: Assume 0.0002 kW are required per ft? of gross cloth area.]
BER = 0.0002 (Atc) x HRS
o
where: Atc = gross cloth area required,, ft^ (p. 4.8-14)
BER = 0.0002 ( ) x = kWh
c. ESP Electricity Requirement, EER
[Note: Assume 0.0015 kW are required per ft
-------
TABLE C.12-3. PRELIMINARY CALCULATIONS FOR ANNUALIZED COST ALGORITHM
(concluded)
(2) Calculation of Capital Recovery Factor, CRF (Line 18, Table C.12-6)
CRF = [1(1 + i)n] / [(1 + i)n - 1]
where: i = interest rate on borrowed capital, decimal fraction
[Note: Unless otherwise specified use 10 percent.]
n = control device lifetime, years (see Table 5-12, p. 5-50)
CRF = [ x (1 + )( )]/[(!+ )( )-l] =
(3) Calculation of Annual Operator Labor, OL (Line 9, Table C.12-6)
OL = (HRS) (operator hours per shift) / (operating hours per shift)
[Note: Obtain operator hr/shift value from Table 5-12, p. 5-50.]
OL = ( _) x ( ) / ( ) = hr
(4) Calculation of Annual Maintenance Labor, ML (Line 11, Table C.12-6)
ML = (HRS) (maintenance hours per shift) / (operating hours per shift)
[Note: Obtain maintenance hr/shift value from Table 5-12, p. 5-50.]
ML = ( ) x ( ) / ( ) = hr
C.12-7
-------
TABLE C.12-4. ADDITIONAL UTILITY REQUIREMENTS
(1) Fuel Requirement for Incinerators (Line 1 or Line 2, Table C.12-6)
[Note: The design sections for thermal and catalytic incinerators are
developed under the assumption that natural gas is used as
the supplementary fuel. Fuel oil could be used, however, the
use of natural gas is normal industry practice. If fuel oil
is used, the equation below can be used by replacing Qf with
the fuel oil flow rate in units of gallons per minute. The
resultant product of the equation (gallons of fuel oil required)
is then used on Line 2 of Table C.12-6.]
Fuel Requirement = 60 (Qf) x MRS
where: Qf = supplementary fuel required, scfm (p. 4.1-11 or p. 4.2-13)
HRS = annual operating hours, hr
[Note: Use 8,600 hours unless otherwise specified.]
Fuel Requirement = 60 ( ) x = ft3
(2) Steam Requirement for Carbon Adsorber (Line 4, Table C.12-6)
[Note: Assume 4 Ib of steam required for each Ib of recovered product.]
Steam Requirement = 4 (Qrec) x HRS
where: Qrec = quantity of HAP recovered, Ib/hr (p. 4.5-20)
HRS = annual operating hours, hr
[Note: Use 8,600 hours unless otherwise specified.]
Steam Requirement = 4 ( ) x = Ib
(3) Cooling Water Requirement for Carbon Adsorber (Line 3, Table C.12-6)
[Note: Assume 12 gal of cooling water required per 100 Ibs steam.]
Water Requirement = 0.48 (Qrec) x HRS
where: Qrec = quantity of HAP recovered, Ib/hr (p. 4.5-20)
HRS = annual operating hours, hr
[Note: Use 8,600 hours unless otherwise specified.]
Water Requirement = 0.48 ( ) x = gal
~~~~ ~ " ' (continued)
C.12-8
-------
TABLE C.12-4. ADDITIONAL UTILITY COSTS
(concluded)
(4) Absorbent Requirement for Absorbers (Line 3 or 6, Table C.12-6)
[Note: Assume no recycle of absorbing fluid (water or solvent).]
Absorbent Requirement = 60 (Lgai) x HRS
where: Lgai = absorbing fluid flow rate, gal/min (p. 4.6-7)
HRS = annual operating hours, hr
[Note: Use 8,600 hours unless otherwise specified.]
Absorbent Requirement = 60 ( ) x = gal
(5) Uater Requirement for Venturi Scrubbers (Line 3, Table C.12-6)
[Note: Assume 0.01 gal of water required per acf of emission stream.]
Uater Requirement = 0.6 (Qe,a) x HRS
where: Qe>a = emission stream flow rate into scrubber, acfm
HRS = annual operating hours, hr
[Note: Use 8,600 hours unless otherwise specified.]
Water Requirement = 0.6 ( ) x = gal
C.12-9
-------
TABLE C.I2-5. ESTIMATION OF REPLACEMENT PARTS ANNUALIZED COSTS
(1) Annual ized Catalyst Replacement Costs (Line 7, Table C.12-6)
Over the lifetime of a catalytic incinerator, the catalyst is depleted
and must be replaced (assume catalyst lifetime is 3 years):
Annual Catalyst Cost = (Catalyst Current Cost3) / 3
Annual Catalyst Cost = ( ) / 3 = $
(2) Annualized Carbon Replacement Costs (Line 7, Table C.12-6)
Over the lifetime of a carbon adsorber, the carbon is depleted and
must be replaced (assume carbon lifetime is 5 years):
Annual Carbon Cost = (Carbon Current Costa) / 5
Annual Carbon Cost = ( ) / 5 = $
(3) Annualized Refrigerant Replacement Costs
Refrigerant in a condenser needs to be replaced periodically due to
system leaks; however, the loss rate is typically very low. Therefore, assume
the cost of refrigerant replacement is negligible.
(4) Annualized Bag Replacement Costs (Line 7, Table C.12-6)
Over the lifetime of a fabric filter system the bags become worn and
must be replaced (assume bag lifetime is 2 years):
Annual Bag Cost = (Bag Current Costa) / 2
Annual Bag Cost = ( ) / 2 = $
Table C.12-2.
C.12-10
-------
00
_t
1
oo
LU
«
LO
1
CM
T *
0
UJ
_J
JQ
e^
b
o:
X.
_,
o
a
i
z
LU
a:
a:
3
LU
a:
i
i^
C2
Z
UJ
a.
X
LU
1
«siC
rs
z
e^
o:
o
i
o
H-
X
00
4.J
t{
4-
cu
CL
LO
CM
*U*
O
o
o
to*
03
l/>
03
O3
P^
03
4.
CJ
+->
03
i I
to*
II
(g__
03
cn
X
t
03
4-
ai
Q.
LO
CM
0
r-l
to*
03
P«
0
p_
cu
U-
CM
to*
II
f_
03
cn
X
-
03
cn
4»
CU
a.
OO
o
o
o
o
to*
03
i-
cu
4-J
03
^J
OO
to*
II
J3
X
o
P»
s_
cu
a.
^^
o
LO
O
0
o
to*
03_
03
CU
00
,3.
fa*
II
JS
3
-^
X
4=
NX
t-
a>
Q.
en
LO
o
o
J3
>^
4*>
.p«
O
i.
4_)
u
cu
UJ
LO
to*
II
r
03
O)
X
(_J
pHW
03
cn
4.
cu
CL
to*
03
4_)
C
cu
>
P-K
o
00
LD
^C). v* to* to* i
11
j^,
JD
03 X
1
CU
CU
^ ^
(***
cu i. cn
i CU -C
J3 C CU
03 T- S- C
(J _ 1 CU -r-
i- a. -j
r~" U«
n. o ^o H- c
a. LO o L
03 S<
f i (v^ ^^ p
1/1 O r < LO r
03 C
C C _l O
cu cu <-
E S i- ^
CU CU O !-
c; o *-> >
03 03 03 4- ^
r r 4- CU
a. a. cu a.
co cu a. a
a: a; o oo :
f-^
P^* CO C3^ t-H *
»* to* to* -fa* to* (
II
L. i t
~ r 4
a
C
03
A
O
r H
-o -c
CT> (->
to
CM « O
X r~l CO <-J «
-C <^ r r
cn CU 03
3 C *-> J
O .p- ._ .
>-< J. _J Q.
i ' JS 03
!_ -M 4 C_) C
C CU O
C .-H i r
- -r^ Q 03
ai _j tfl 3 +j
CX £ 00 O
U- 5 H- K
0 0 +J 4_
0 *~i 0 M- <
*« O
H o -a o ** ?
1* < < CO
03 03 4-3
«i y t/5
o x
1) CU C_> 03
U (
c c cn
a 03 _i c -a >,
C C +» O 03 JZ CU
= S= H- 4- 4- Q.
-r- CQ O) 01 O
0 03 => CL > 4-
Z S oo o o a_ f
+-1
^ CM OO rtl ^J* tn i
H r * f t 4- r ( i * r
i
-o
C
"
/> to* to*
II
U_
f>^
CJ
CU
4.
CU
^;
2
A
o
3 T3 (^
P +-> O
U) l/> LJ
o o
^ CJ r~-
n3
~ r~~ ^H)
03 O3 -r
l_l -i_J CX
r- 'f~ ^3
a. a. o
03 03
_J O r
03
r 4J
03 03 O
p 4-> 1
O O
1 X
p* l+» *~~.
o o u_
P« »* CJ
-1 CM -
JZI
^w
C
C CU
o >
r- o
4-J U
03 CU
CU 4- Q£
U +->
C (/) r
03 T- 03
4- C +->
3 *r~ *p«
ui S £X
C -O 03
-i «c <->
-4 r * f H
to*
CO
r 1
-C
cn
3
O
JS
^J
^f
p 1
IS)
S
cu
K 1
-Q
«^
_J
4
-*
oo
i i
£
U
1 1
00
r
00
O
o
a
UJ
M
>~4
' 1
«3^
g
_^
^
t
LU
'Z.
CM
1
CM
*""!
O
CU
p »
------- |