PA-600/8-76-001-3
ENVIRONMENT**
PROTECTION
AGENCY
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL ,s
AUDIOVISUAL TRAINING PROGRAM^
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
JUNE 1976
SOL CONSERVATION SERVICE
A*TESOV*
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
-------
EPA-600/8-76-001a
June 1976
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
AUDIOVISUAL TRAINING
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
Prepared by
The State of Maryland
Water Resources Administration
and
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Contributory
Department of Transportation
The Federal Highway Administration
Office of Development
and
The U.S. Department of Agriculture
Soil Conservation Service
-------
DISCLAIMER
Publication ot this Instructor's
Manual does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
nor the U.S. Department of Trans-
portation Federal Highway Admini-
stration. Mention of tradenames
or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement nor recom-
mendation for use.
-------
CONTENTS
LESSON PAGE
Looseleaf Style
1 Goals, Objectives and Principles of Erosion
and Sediment Control
2 Soils
3 Rainfall-Runoff Relationships
4 Erosion and Sedimentation
5 Plant Materials
6 Control of Runotf During Construction
7 Vegetative Soil Stabilization
8 Stream Erosion Control
9 Temporary Soil Stabilization
10 Control of Sediment Generated on Construction
Sites
11 Erosion and Sediment Control Planning
12 Wooded Site Development
13 Foreman-Inspector Responsibilities
iii
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This manual was prepared under the joint sponsorship
of the Water Resources Administration, State of
Maryland and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
by Hittman Associates, Inc.
Publication and distribution is sponsored by the State
ot Maryland, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
the Federal Highway Administration, and the U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service.
Many participated in the technical guidance and editorial
efforts in preparing this manual. Messrs. Marshall T.
Augustine, Roger A. Kanerva, Roy E. Benner and Albert E.
Sanderson of the State of Maryland; Messrs. Mark Boyson,
Harold Scholl and Harold Stephens of the Soil Conservation
Service; Messrs. Daniel O'Connor and Eric Munley of the
Federal Highway Administration; and Messrs. Francis J.
Condon and Hugh Masters of the Environmental Protection
Agency deserve special thanks.
The contributions provided to this program by the use
of 35 millimeter photographic slides from the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, the Maryland Water Resources
Administration, the Maryland State Roads Commission,
the Soil Conservation Service, the soil and water
conservation districts of Howard, Montgomery, and
Prince Georges counties in Maryland, the Baltimore Public
Works Commission, and Rummel, Klepper, and Kahl, Con-
sulting Engineers in Baltimore are also acknowledged
with sincere appreciation.
Acknowledgment is also given to the perseverance of
Ms. Shirley Simpler of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency in preparing the copy for printing.
-------
LESSON 1
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
THE GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
AND PRINCIPALS OF
EROSION AND SEDIMENT
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
THE GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you
make the best use of the audiovisual program and work-
book for the audiovisual presentation on
The Goal, Objectives and Principles of Erosion and
Sediment Control.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this audiovisual package is to pro-
mote better understanding among erosion and sediment
control specialists as to:
- the three major ideas of the goal of erosion
and sediment control.
- the objectives of erosion and sediment control.
- the principles of erosion and sediment control.
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This audiovisual package is designed both for self-
study and for group presentation. For an effective
smooth-running group presentation, plan well in ad-
vance. Have the audioslide projector, the screen, and
seating set up. Have the workbooks ready for distrib-
ution.
Before presenting the program, preview it and read
the workbook so that you have their contents clear
in your mind and can answer questions. Previewing the
slides also assures you that the audioslide projector
is working properly.
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives
of the audiovisual package. Describe the sequence
of events of the presentation. Tell them that there
will be a short review quiz at the end of the program
to help them discover how well they have understood the
presentation.
1-1
-------
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
grammed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
PROJECTOR OPERATION FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector in-
sert the appropriate cartridge with the arrow up
into the side of the machine. Turn the machine on
using the Volume On/Off control. To start the pro-
gram, press the Start switch. Focus as desired.
To restart the projector after it has stopped for
review questions, push the Start portion of the
Program Hold/Start switch. Should the audio and
visual portions of the filmstrip become unsynchro-
nized for any reason, synchronization may be re-
established by holding the Lock switch to the left
and at the same time depressing either the Film
Hold or Film Advance switch as appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously
described. Tell them that a workbook will be dis-
tributed. Add that it was prepared to expand the
information in the filmstrips. Also, inform them
of the built-in review periods.
Show the program. Stress the importance of con-
trolling erosion and sedimentation. Be sure the
trainees understand the goal, the specific objec-
tives, and the principles of erosion and sediment
control.
1-2
-------
IDEAS FOR DISCUSSION
1. How does erosion and sediment damage
affect nearly every citizen?
2. Review the Goal of Erosion and Sedi-
ment Control.
3. What kind of laws and regulations
are needed to control erosion and
sediment?
4. How do we improve communication,
procedures and techniques?
5. Why is the human use of water re-
sources listed after the protection
of the land and water?
6. How do the objectives help to better
define the goal of erosion and sedi-
ment control?
7. Why is it important to learn the
philosophy of erosion and sediment
control?
8. Discuss the idea, "think ahead and
don't fight nature."
9. Why are many complaints received
about principle #2?
10. How important is periodic inspection
and follow-up maintenance?
1-3
-------
The Goal, Objectives and Principles of
Erosion and Sediment Control
WORKBOOK - ANSWERS
Page WB 1-10
1. Erosion
2. waterways
3. 15,5
4. 500
5. urbanization
Page WB 1-13
1. designed (adjusted,
planned)
2. planning
3. control
4. erosion
5. sediment, sediment basins
6. "end-of-day"
Page WB 1-11
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
False
True
True
False
False
True
'age WB 1-12
1.
2.
3.
4.
d
b
a
b
Page WB 1-14
1. d
2. waterways
3. 5
4. d
5. b
6. e
7. a
8. b
9. flexibility
10. sediment
11. c
12. b
13. erosion, sediment
1-4
-------
LESSON 2
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
SOILS
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
SOILS
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you make
the best use of the visual aid slides, workbook, and tests
for the self-instructional audiovisual lessons on Soils.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this instructional package are to promote
better understanding among contractors, foremen, highway and
transportation officials, inspectors, architects and engineers,
and other constructional personnel as to:
the formation and composition of soils
the classification of soils, and factors related
to erosion and sediment control
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This instructional package is designed both for individual
study and for group presentation. For an effective, smooth-
running group presentation, plan well in advance. Have the
audiovisual projector, the screen, and the setting up. Have
the workbooks and quizzes ready for distribution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read the
workbook so that you can have their contents clear in your
mind and can answer questions. Previewing the filmstrip
also assures you that the audiovisual projector is working
properly.
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives of
the instructional package. Describe the sequence of events
of the presentation. Tell them that there will be a short
quiz at the end of the meeting or at intervals during the
presentation, depending on which approach you choose to
follow. These quizzes will help them discover how well they
have understood the filmstrip.
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
gramed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide tine to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
2-1
-------
OPERATING THE PROJECTOR FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert the
appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the side of
the machine. Turn the machine on using the Volume On/Off
control. To start the program, press the Start switch.
Focus the image. Throughout the program the projector will
stop while you answer questions in the workbook. To restart
the projector, once again push the Start portion of the
Program Hold / Start switch. Should the audio and visual
portions of the filmstrip become unsynchrpnized for any
reason, you can reestablish synchronization, by holding
the Lock switch to the left and at the same time depressing
either the Film Hold or Film Advance switch, whichever is
appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously described.
Tell them that workbooks and quizzes will be distributed;
inform the audience that these materials were prepared to
expand the information in the filmstrips. Also, inform them
of the built-in review periods.
Show the program. Stress the importance of understanding
the basics of soils. Be sure the trainees understand the
need to define a clear goal — have specific objectives,
and relate various properties of soils to erosion and
sediment control.
2-2
-------
SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
1. Is all topsoil fertile? Can the nutrients in topsoil be
depleted, by weeds or by intensive agricultural activity?
2. Should only one system of soil classification be used, or
are the various systems useful for different purposes?
If they are, what are these various purposes?
3. Can the resistance of a soil to erosion be improved? If
so, how?
4. If compaction increases the resistance of a soil to
dispersion and erosion, but increases the runoff, and
resulting possibility of erosion, should fill material
be compacted? Is compaction helpful or harmful, in soil
stabilization, or both?
5. What is the difference between infiltration rate and
permeability?
6. What kinds of conditions make soils poor in quality? How
can these conditions be improved?
7. What stability failures in soils have recently occurred
in this region? How could they have been prevented? How
can they be repaired?
2-3
-------
Review Answers
Questions 1 WE 2 -19
1. bedrock 2. weathering
3. (two of these) gravity, extreme temperature variations, pressure
of freezing water, glaciers, wind, waves
4. chemical 5. roots, plants, animals 6. chemicals, dissolve
Questions 2 WB 2-20
1. b 2. d 3. a 4. d 5. b,c 6. a
Questions 3 WB 2-22
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T
Questions 4 WB 2-23
1. structure 2. granular 3. cohesion 4. fines
5. clay 6. shear strength 7. landslides, slumps
7. d
7. T
Questions 5 WB 2-24
1. C 2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B
Questions 6 WB 2-26
1. a 2. a,b 3. a,b,d 4. a,c 5. b 6. c 7. d
8. a
Questions 7 WB 2-28
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. T
8. T 9. F 10. F 11. T 12. T 13. T 14. F
2-4
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LESSON 3
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
RAINFALL - RUNOFF RELATIONSHIPS
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIPS
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you make
the best use of the audiovisual slides, workbook, and tests
for the self-instructional audiovisual lessons on Rainfall-
Runoff Relationships.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this instructional package are to promote
better understanding among contractors, foremen, highway and
transportation officials, inspectors, architects and engineers,
and other construction personnel as to:
the basics of precipitation, including the
hydrologic cycle
floods, floodplains, and watersheds
the importance of running water as an agent
of erosion and sedimentation
the factors that effect the amount of surface
runoff
the effect of man's activities on the amount of
surface runoff
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This instructional package is designed both for individual
study and for group presentation. For an effective, smooth-
running group presentation, plan well in advance. Have the
audiovisual projector, the screen, and the seating set up.
Have the workbooks and quizzes ready for distribution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read the
workbook so that you can have their contents clear in your
mind and can answer questions. Previewing the filmstrip
also assures you that the audiovisual projector is working
properly.
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives of the
instructional package. Describe the sequence of events of
the presentation. Tell them that there will be a short quiz
at the end of the meeting or at intervals during the presentation,
3-1
-------
depending on which approach you choose to follow. These
quizzes will help them discover how well they have understood
the filmstrip.
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
gramed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
OPERATING THE PROJECTOR FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert the
appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the side of
the machine. Turn the machine on using the Volume On/Off
control. To start the program, press the Start switch.
Focus the image. Throughout the program the projector will
stop while you answer questions in the workbook. To restart
the projector, once again push the Start portion of the
Program Hold/Start switch. Should the audio and visual
portions of the filmstrip become unsynchronized for any
reason, you can reestablish synchronization, by holding
the Lock switch to the left and at the same time depressing
either the Film Hold or Film Advance switch, whichever is
appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously described.
Tell them that workbooks and quizzes will be distributed;
inform the audience that these materials were prepared to
expand the information in the filmstrips. Also, inform them
of the built-in review periods.
Show the program. Stress the importance of understanding
rainfall-runoff relationships. Be sure the trainees under-
stand the need to define a clear goal -- have specific
objectives, and utilize the best techniques in order to
minimize surface runoff.
3-2
-------
SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
1. Is there a "rainy season" in this part of the country,
or is the monthly precipitation relatively constant?
2. Does the average intensity of precipitation events in
this part of the country vary, seasonally, or is the
average intensity constant?
3. How do man's activities tend to influence the amount of
water that returns to the atmosphere through evaporation
and transpiration, as compared with the amount that
returns to the ocean through surface runoff?
4. Why do raindrops exert a tremendous force, as they strike
exposed soil?
5. What places in this area are most subject to flooding?
Are severe floods in these places occurring more frequently,
less frequently, or about as often as they did, 20 to 40
years ago? If they seem more frequent, how do you account
for this fact?
6. Is the ban on all development within a 100 year floodplain
a reasonable restriction? Are floodplains useful in other
ways than as land for development.
3-3
-------
Review Answers
Questions 1 WB 3-24
1. soil erosion 2. climatology
3. hydrology 4. hydraulics 5. erosion, sedimentation
6. orographic, convective, frontal, cyclonic
Questions 2 WE 3-25
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T
Questions 3 WB 3-26
1. a,c, 2. b 3. a,b,c,d,
Questions 4 FB 3-27
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T
7. T 8. F
Questions 5 WB 3-28
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F
Review WB 3-29
1. runoff, erosion 2. runoff 3. stormwater
4. erosive 5. watershed 6. permeability, compaction,
infiltratio^ rate
7. runoff
3-4
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LESSON 4
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you
make the best use of the audiovisual slides and work-
book for the audiovisual presentation on
Erosion and Sedimentation.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this audiovisual package is to pro-
mote better understanding among erosion and sediment
control specialists as to:
- what erosion and sedimentation are.
- point out the different types and categories of
erosion.
- the connection between erosion and sedimenta-
tion.
- the mechanics of erosion and sedimentation.
- the methods of measuring soil loss.
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This audiovisual package is designed both for self-
study and for group presentation. For an effective
smooth-running group presentation, plan well in ad-
vance. Have the audiovisual projector, the screen, and
seating set up. Have the workbooks ready for distrib-
ution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read
the workbook so that you can have their contents clear
in your mind and can answer questions. Previewing the
filmstrip also assures you that the audiovisual projector
is working properly.
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives
of the autiovisual package. Describe the sequence of
events of the presentation. Tell them that there will
be a short review quiz at the end of the program to
help them discover how well they have understood the
filmstrip.
4-1
-------
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
grammed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
PROJECTOR OPERATION FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert
the appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the
side of the machine. Turn the machine on using the
Volume On/Off control. To start the program/ press
the Start switch. Focus as desired. Throughout the
program the projector will stop while you answer
questions in the workbook. To restart the projector,
once again push the Start portion of the Program
Hold/Start switch. Should the audio and visual por-
tions of the filmstrip become unsynchronized for any
reason, synchronization may be re-established by
holding the Lock switch to the left and at the same
time depressing either the Film Hold or Film Advance
switch as appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously
described. Tell them that a workbook will be dis-
tributed. Add that it was prepared to expand the in-
formation in the filmstrip. Also, inform them of the
built-in review periods.
Show Part I of the program Erosion and Sedimentation.
Be sure the trainee understands and can define the
process of erosion. Point out the damages it causes
and explain the mechanics of how erosion occurs.
4-2
-------
Show Part II. The trainee will have a detailed ex-
planation of the four major physical factors that
influence the severity of erosion at a site: cli-
mate, vegetation, soil and length and steepness of
slope.
Show Part III. Be sure the trainee understands and
can define the process of sedimentation. Stress
the severe damage it causes to the environment and
its effect on plant, animal and human life. Review
the Soil Loss Equation and the methods of measuring
soil loss.
4-3
-------
IDEAS FOR DISCUSSION
1. Why are we not overly concerned with the
control of natural or geologic erosion?
2. Discuss the factors that contribute to
erosion in urbanizing areas.
3. What are the activities of man that
bring on accelerated shore erosion?
4. Why is wind erosion not usually consid-
ered a serious environmental threat in
urbanizing areas?
5. What are the causes of accelerated stream
channel erosion?
6. How do the characteristics of flow affect
sedimentation?
7. What do we mean by "Nature of the Parti-
cles"?
8. How does sediment pollution affect man?
9. What is the difference between suspended
and bedload sediment?
10. What is the function of runoff control
structures?
11. How is Degree of Slope arrived at?
12. How is temperature related to soil erosion?
13. What is meant by frequency of rainfall?
14. How does organic matter protect the soil?
15. Why is vegetation an important factor in-
fluencing soil erosion?
16. What are the soil properties influencing
erodibility?
4-4
-------
17. What effect does the presence of organic matter
in a soil have on soil structure?
18. What can cause gully erosion?
19. What is raindrop splash?
4-5
-------
Erosion and Sedimentation
WORKBOOK - ANSWERS
Questions 1. WB 4-16
1,
2.
3.
4
5,
Erosion
Geologic (geological)
Accelerated
construction/ accelerated
Vegetation
Questions 6. WB 4-21
1- f
2. d
3. d
Questions 2. WB 4-17
1,
2
3
4
True
False
True
True
5. False
Questions 3. WB 4-18
1.
2.
3.
4.
e
c
b
Questions 7. WB 4-22
1. Sedimentation
2. Sediment pollution
3. transported
4. Physical factors,
transported or
deposited
Questions 8. WB 4-23
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
Questions 9. WB 4-24
Questions 4. WB 4-19
1. Temperature
2. rainfall
3. runoff
4. moisture content
5. organic material
1,
2,
3.
4,
5. sheet, rill
11K"
11R"
"L"
up ii
Questions 5. WB 4-20
1,
2,
3,
4,
True
True
True
False
5. False
Questions 10. WE 4-25
1,
2.
3,
False
True
True
4. True
4-6
-------
Questions 11 (Review) WB 4-26
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Erosion
Natural, geologic
geologic (geological)
accelerated
increase
accelerated
farming, construction,
rainfall, runoff
Urbanizing
contributing
sheet
Stream channel,
runoff, removal,
construction
Shore
Littoral
wind
Sheet
Rilling
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Depth
Intensity
Infiltration
Organic material
vegetation
texture, structure
Cohesion
20
Sedimentation
Sediment pollution
suspended, bedload
Universal
"K"
"L"
cropping management
Gaging
samples
4-7
-------
LESSON 5
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
PLANT MATERIALS
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
PLANT MATERIALS
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you make
the best use of the audiovisual slides, workbook, and tests
for the self-instructional audiovisual lessons on Plant
Materials.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this instructional package are to promote
better understanding among contractors, foremen, highway and
transportation officials, inspectors, architects and engineers,
and other construction personnel as to:
- the importance of plant materials
- the classification of plant materials
- the basic structure and functions of various plant materials
- the types, requirements and uses of various plants,
especially grasses and legumes
- the planning requirements for the use of plant materials
- maintenance
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This instructional package is designed both for individual
study and for group presentation. For an effective, smooth-
running group presentation, plan well in advance. Have the
audiovisual projector, the screen, and the seating set up. Have
the workbooks and quizzes ready for distribution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read the
workbook so that you can have their contents clear in your
mind and can answer questions. Previewing the filmstrip
also assures you that the audiovisual projector is working
properly.
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives of
the instructional package. Describe the sequence of events
of the presentation. Tell them that there will be a short
quiz at the end of the meeting or at intervals during the
presentation, depending on which approach you choose to
follow. These questions will help them discover how well
they have understood the filmstrip.
5-1
-------
PRESENTATION
The program can be vxewed continuously. However, because of the
Sn °f ^6 infomati°» presented, it is suggested
** sectlons- ^ projector and audio is pro-
a fifteen second pause at review points. This
*? St°P *** P^e<*°r for Question and aW?
Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
OPERATING THE PROJECTOR FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert the
appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the side of
the machine. Turn the machine on using the Volume On/Off
switch. Focus the image. Throughout the program the
projector will stop while you answer questions in the
workbook. To restart the projector, once again push the
Start portion of the Program Hold/Start switch. Should
the audio and visual portions of the filmstrip become
unsynchronized for any reason, you can reestablish
synchronization, by holding the Lock switch to the left
and at the same time depressing either the Film Hold or
Film Advance switch, whichever is appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously described.
Tell them that workbooks and quizzes will be distributed;
inform the audience that these materials were prepared to
expand the information in the filmstrips. Also, inform
them of the built-in review periods.
Show the program. Stress the importance of using the proper
procedures in Plant Materials. Be sure the trainees under-
stand the need to define a clear goal -- have specific
objectives, and utilize the best techniques in order to
make good use of plant materials.
5-9
-------
SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
1. What are some of the advantages of vegetative stabiliza-
tion over non-vegetative stabilization, such as using
poured concrete or other rigid structures? When is it
necessary to use rigid structures instead of plant
materials.
2. What are some ways to aid the growth of plant materials
on problem soils, such as soils with exceedingly
low pH's?
3. Do parking lots have to be covered entirely with asphalt
or some other impermeable material, or can large areas
of parking space be vegetated or surfaced with crushed stone?
How?
4. If an area stabilized with grasses is not mown regularly,
will it remain the same, or will it change? If it does
change, what sorts of changes will take place, and are
these changes desirable?
5. What sorts of conditions are necessary for establishing
grasses by seeding? When is it better to sod?
6. Is it safe to assume that the same plant materials will
grow successfully throughout a given state, or can
climatic conditions vary within a state? What is (are)
the climatic zone(s) within this state?
7. What are the most damaging pests and weeds in this area?
What are the best ways to control them?
5-3
-------
Review Answers
Questions 1 WB 5-21
2. F
1.
7.
T
T
3.
4.
5.
Questions 2 WB 5-22
1.
5.
9.
a,c,d
c
a,c,e
2.
6.
b,c
a
3.
7.
c,d 4.
b,c,e,g 8.
a
b,d,e
Questions 3 WB 5-24
1. crown 2.
4. fibrous, tap 5.
7. temperature 8.
tap
black locust
leaves
3. tap, tap
6. crown
Questions 4 WE 5-25
1.
6.
F
T
Questions 5
1.
6.
C
A
Questions 6
2. T
7. F
WB 5-26
2. B
7. A
WB 5-28
3.
8.
3.
T
T
B
4.
4.
D
5.
5.
1. Wet or saturated 2. reed canarygrass, wet
3. pH, pH 4. redtop (grass)
5. smooth cordgrass, American beachgrass, Tufcote
6.
bermudagrass (any two of these)
the literature
Questions 7 WB 5-29
1.
5.
b,c
b,c,e
2.
6.
3.
a,c,d,eff
4.
a,c
5-4
-------
Questions
1.
6.
D
A
Questions
1.
6.
11.
16.
T
T
T
T
8 WB
2.
9 WB
2.
7.
12.
17.
5-31
A
5-33
F
F
T
F
3.
3.
8.
13.
4. A 5. B
F 4. F 5. T
T 9. F 10. F
T 14. T 15. F
b-5
-------
LESSON 6
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
CONTROL OF RUNOFF
DURING CONSTRUCTION
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
CONTROL OF RUNOFF DURING CONSTRUCTION
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you
make the best use of the audiovisual slides and work-
book for the audiovisual package is to promote
Control of Runoff During Construction.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this audiovisual package is to pro-
mote better understanding among erosion and sediment
control specialists as to:
- what stormwater runoff is and why it must be
prevented.
- the three major causes of runoff during con-
struction.
- the three special grading practices used to
control runoff.
- the different kinds of diversion structures
and their uses.
- the different kinds of disposal structures and
their uses.
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This audiovisual package is designed both for self-
study and for group presentation. For an effective
smooth-running group presentation, plan well in ad-
vance. Have the audiovisual projector, the screen and
seating set up. Have the workbooks ready for distrib-
ution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read
the workbook so that you can have their contents clear
in your mind and can answer questions. Previewing the
filmstrip also assures you that the audiovisual projector
is working properly.
6-1
-------
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives
of the audiovisual package. Describe the sequence
of events of the presentation. Tell them that there
will be a short review quiz at the end of the program
to help them discover how well they have understood
the filmstrip.
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
gramed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
PROJECTOR OPERATION FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert
the appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the
side of the machine. Turn the machine on using the
Volume On/Off control. To start the program, press
the Start switch. Focus as desired. To restart the
projector when it stops for questions, push the start
portion of the Program Hold/Start switch. Should the
audio and visual portions of the filmstrip become un-
synchronized for any reason, synchronization may be re-
established by holding the Lock switch to the left and
at the same time depressing either the Film Hold or
Film Advance switch as appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously des-
cribed. Tell them that a workbook will be distrib-
uted. Add that it was prepared to expand the infor-
mation in the filmstrips. Also, inform them of the
built-in review periods.
Show Part I. Review the construction practices that
cause runoff. Discuss the three general ways to de-
crease runoff. Be sure the trainee can distinguish be-
tween temporary and permanent diversion structures.
6-2
-------
Show Part II. Be sure the trainee understands the uses
of the level spreader and its design specifications —
the flexible downdrain and its components -- sectional
downdrains and flumes. Review the role of energy dissi-
pators in preventing erosion.
6-3
-------
IDEAS FOR DISCUSSION
1. Discuss three (3) ways construction
causes runoff.
2. Discuss the role of natural vegetation
in preventing runoff.
3. Discuss the role of natural vegetation
decrease runoff during construction.
4. Discuss three (3) special grading
practices aimed at decreasing the
amount of runoff.
5. Distinguish between temporary and per-
manent diversion structures.
6, Discuss the uses of the intercep-
tor dike.
7. Discuss the importance of maintenance
in using dikes as outlined in the work-
book.
8. Discuss the design criteria for in-
terceptor dikes as outlined in the work-
book.
9. Discuss the various uses and types of:
a. gravel interceptor dikes
b. diversion dikes
c. diversions
10. Discuss the design specifications for
gravel interceptor dikes and diversion
dikes shown in the workbook.
11. Discuss the role of maintenance in the
use of diversion structures.
12. Discuss the uses and design specifica-
tions of the level spreader.
13. Discuss the use of the flexible down-
drain.
6-4
-------
14. Discuss the components of the flexible
downdrain.
15. Discuss the maintenance practices for
the flexible downdrain.
16. Discuss the uses of sectional down-
drains and flumes.
17. Discuss the role of the energy dissi-
pator in preventing erosion.
6-5
-------
Control of Runoff
WORKBOOK - ANSWER
Page WB 6-9 Page WE 6-18
1. increased runoff 1. d
2. faster 2. b
3. sediment
4. Vegetation
5. soil
Page
1,
2.
3.
4,
Page
1.
2,
Page
1.
2.
3.
4,
5.
Page
1,
2,
3,
4,
5.
WB 6-10
True
False
True
False
Page
WB 6-19
WB 6-11
b
a
WB 6-15
gravel interceptor
divert
compacted
woodland
diversion
slide
WB 6-16
True
False
True
False
False
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Page
1.
2.
2x4
piping
flume
erosion
slow
12
WB 6-20
Rain, abi
runoff
a. Gradii
b. nature
gentle, steep
c. roofs, concrete,
asphalt
3. a. Decreasing, special,
practices
b. Diversion
4 . a . Staging
b. Surface roughening
c . vegetated buffers
5 . True
6. a. soil
b. gravel
7. diversion dike, compacted,
top, construction
8. diversion ditch
9. well vegetated
10. level spreader
11. a. Flexible downdrain
b. Sectional downdrain
c. Flume
12. Piping
13. energy dissipator, runoff
6-6
-------
LESSON 7
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
VEGETATIVE SOIL STABILIZATION
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
VEGETATIVE SOIL STABILIZATION
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you
make the best use of the audiovisual slides and work-
book for the audiovisual presentation on
Vegetative Soil Stabilization.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this audiovisual package .is to pro-
mote better understanding among erosion and sediment
control specialists as to:
- the difference between critical and non-criti-
cal areas.
- the major types of plant materials and their
uses.
- the factors to be considered in selecting
plant materials.
- soil conditioning/ planting, and plant mainte-
nance techniques.
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This instructional package is designed both for self-
study and for group presentation. For an effective
smooth-running group presentation, plan well in ad-
vance. Have the audiovisual projector, the screen and
seating set up. Have the workbooks ready for distrib-
ution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read
the workbook so that you can have their contents
clear in your mind and can answer questions. Pre-
viewing the filmstrip also assures you that the audio-
visual projector is working properly.
7-1
-------
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives
of the audiovisual package. Describe the sequence
of events of the presentation. Tell them that there
will be a short review quiz at the end of the program
to help them discover how well they have understood the
filmstrip.
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
grammed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
PROJECTOR OPERATION FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert the
appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the side of
the machine. Focus as desired. To restart the projec-
tor when it stops for workbook questions, push the start
portion of the Program Hold/Start switch. Should the
audio and visual portions of the filmstrip become un-
synchronized for any reason, synchronization may be re-
established by holding the Lock switch to the left and
at the same time depressing either the Film Hold or Film
Advance switch as appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously des-
cribed. Tell them that a workbook will be distributed.
Add that it was prepared to expand the information in
the filmstrips. Also, inform them of the built-in re-
view periods.
Show Part I of Vegetative Soil Stabilization. Be sure
the trainee understands and can handle different sun-
light exposure problems. Review each kind of vegetation
and their advantages or disadvantages in a particular
situation. Stress the importance of soil type and condi-
tion in the establishment of vegetation.
7-2
-------
Show Part II. Discuss the three methods of establishing
vegetation. Review the uses of lime and fertilizers.
Be sure the trainee is familiar with the mulch applica-
tion rates and the importance of mulch.
Show Part III. Be sure the trainee knows how to prepare,
vegetate and maintain critical areas. Review the differ-
ent pieces of equipment used throughout each stage of
revegetation.
1-3
-------
IDEAS FOR DISCUSSION
1. What are the essential requirements to
sustain vegetation?
2. How can sunlight exposure problems be
solved?
3. What is the role of herbaceous plants
where an area is returned to natural
cover?
4. What are the advantages of using leg-
umes?
5. How important is maintenance as a fac-
tor in plant material selection?
6. What are deciduous plants?
7. How can the problem of droughty soil be
handled?
8. How can the problem of wet soil be hand-
led?
9. Why is it better to use a legume in some
cases than a grass?
10. When is sodding the most desirable meth-
od of establishing vegetation?
11. Why is it good practice to plant a test
plot?
(continued next page)
7-4
-------
12. What is lime?
13. What are the purposes of quick and slow
releasing fertilizers?
14. How is the quality of topsoil determined?
15. What is the application rate of straw per
acre?
wood fiber?
wood chips?
16. Why is a heavier application of mulch
required on steep slopes and along high-
ways?
17. How are inaccessible areas handled?
18. What is a harrow?
19. What does a disc do?
20. When is GLASSROOT used?
21. What are several methods for securing mulch?
22. What is the correct way to place sod?
23. When is periodic maintenance performed?
24. Why is height an important factor in the
maintenance of grasses?
7-5
-------
Vegetative Soil Stabilization
WORKBOOK - ANSWERS
Questions 1. WB 7-21
1. critical, erodible 1.
2. critical 2.
3. non-critical, 3.
maintained 4.
4. Temporary, less 5.
5. Permanent 6.
6. Time, year
7. location
8. soil, condition
Questions 2. WB 7-22
d
e
c
c
b
e
Questions 3.WB 7-24
1. False
2. False
3. False
4. True
Questions 4. WB 7-25
1. temperature, rain-
fall, exposure
2. exposure
3. Sunlight
4. wooded
5. fertility, acid
6. neutral
7. False
8. False
9. True
Questions 5. WB 7-26
1. d
2. b,d
3. b
4. b
Questions 6.WB 7-27
1. weather
2. fertilizer
3. phosphorus,
potash
4. raises
5. magnesium,
acid
Questions 7. WB 7-28
1.
2.
3.
4.
d
d
c
Questions 8. WB 7-29
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True
Questions 9. WB 7-30
1. mulched
2. asphalt tack
3. Excelsior blanket
4. mulch anchoring
tool
5. wood fiber
6. conditioned
Questions 10. WB 7-31
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
7-6
-------
Questions 11 (Review) WB 7-32
1. sediment, eroded
2, utility easements, water-
ways, building sites
5. established, maintained
4. less
5. a. time
b. location
c. type, condition
6. more
7. grasses
8. Kentucky 31 tall fescue,
weeping lovegrass
(also; creeping red fes-
cue, tufcote bermuda
grass, and redtop)
9. Legumes
10. nitrogen
11. Crownvetch
1°, herbaceous plants
13. residential areas, weeds
J4. noxious, noxious
IS. foliage, winter
16. area beautification,
noise abatement
17. ground covers
18. 1. area beautification
2. privacy
3. noise abatement
19. Climatic conditions
Soil conditions
Site usage
Site maintenance
20. Climatic
21. sunlight, wind
22. woodland
23. fertility, acid
24. basic (alkaline)
25. lime
26. legume
27. water, plant
28. a. material, resistant
b. top dress, 4, 6
29. crushed stone
30. seeding, sodding, sprigging
31. seeding
32. Sprigging?seeding
33. Sodding, quickly
34. Categorized, cool, warm
35. fertilizers, lime
36. nitrogen, phosphorus,
potash
37. acid soil
38. a. Protects, rain, runoff
b. Insulates, heat, cold
c. moisture
7-7
(Continued next page)
-------
39. Straw, wood chips, wood fiber
(also: fiberglass products)
40. Topsoil
41. high moisture content
poor shear strength
slope steepness
42. lime, fertilizer
43. tacked or anchored
44. Emulsified asphalt
Netting
Chemical binders (also: peg and string)
45. Conditioned
46. follow-up, periodic
47. Periodic
48. Follow-up
49. periodic
7-8
-------
LESSON 8
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
STREAM EROSION CONTROL
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
STREAM EROSION CONTROL
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you make
the best use of the audiovisual slides, workbook, and tests
for the self-instructional audiovisual lessons on Waterway
Erosion Control.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this instructional package are to promote
better understanding among contractors, foremen, highway and
transportation officials, inspectors, architects and engineers,
and other construction personnel as to:
the principles of stream erosion and channel
erosion control
factors that effect the amount and rate of
stream erosion
vegetative stream stabilization with or without
secondary reinforcement
structural channel stabilization
some of the aspects of stormwater management
the necessity of maintenance
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This instructional package is designed both for individual
study and for group presentation. For an effective, smooth-
running group presentation, plan well in advance. Have the
audiovisual projector, the screen, and the seatina set UD.
Have the workbooks and quizzes ready for distribution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read the
workbook so that you can have their contents clear in your
mind and can answer questions. Previewing the filmstrip
also assures you that the audiovisual projector is working
properly.
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives of
the instructional package. Describe the sequence of events
of the presentation. Tell them that there will be a short
8-1
-------
quiz at the end of the meeting or at intervals during the
presentation, depending on which approach you choose to
follow. These quizzes will help them discover how well
they have understood the filmstrip.
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
grammed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
OPERATING THE PROJECTOR FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert the
appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the side of
the machine. Turn the machine on using the Volume On/Off
control. To start the program, press the Start switch.
Focus the image. Throughout the program the projector will
stop while you answer questions in the workbook. To restart
the projector, once again push the Start portion of the
Program Hold/Start switch. Should the audio and visual
portions of the filmstrip become unsynchronized for any
reason, you can reestablish synchronization, by holding
the Lock switch to the left and at the same time depressing
either the Film Hold or Film Advance switch, whichever is
appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously described.
Tell them that workbooks and quizzes will be distributed;
inform the audience that these materials were prepared to
expand the information in the filmstrips. Also, inform them
of the built-in review periods.
Show the program. Stress the importance of understanding
the principles of waterway erosion control. Be sure the
trainees understand the need to define a clear goal — have
specific objectives, and utilize the best techniques in
order to control waterway erosion.
8-2
-------
SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
1. What is a stream? Should we consider intermittent
flows as streams? Floodplains?
2. Is a stream ever fully stabilized? Is it po-sible to
prevent all erosion in a stream? Or, should we aim
for sufficient control?
3. Is it possible to overdesign stream erosion control
structures and stormwater management devices?
4. In this area, has the incidence of severe flooding
increased, decreased, or remained the same during the
last twenty years? If it seems to have increased, to
what do you attribute this increase?
5. What are some of the reasons why builders construct
homes and other facilities in floodplains, despite the
risks involved? What can be done to prevent this mistake?
6. Besides their use in stormwater management, what are some
of the other uses for which floodplains are suitable?
7. Are detention basins the best way to handle excess runoff?
8-3
-------
Review Answers
Questions 1 WB 8-19
1. channel, managing runoff 2. heavy rains
3. vegetative, structures 4. intermittent streams
5. hydraulic 6. (two of these) hydraulic force, solution,
corrasion
Questions 2 WB 8-20
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C
Questions 3 WB 8-22
1. a,b,c,d 2. b 3. b 4. a,b,d 5. b,d
Questions 4 WB 8-23
1. a,b,c 2. d 3. b 4. b,d 5. b,c
Questions 5 WB 8-24
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T
7. T 8. F 9. T
Questions 6 WB 8-25
1. D 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. B
Questions 7 WB 8-27
1. after, before 2. hold back, originates
3. increase, increased 4. erosion or flooding
5. rooftop ponding 6. reduce, storage
7. porous asphalt 8. store, controlled rate
9. detain runoff, parking lots
8-4
-------
Questions 8 WB 8-28
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6.
7. T 8. F
Questions 9 WB 8-29
1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6.
7. F 8. T 9. T
8-5
-------
LESSON 9
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
TEMPORARY SOIL STABILIZATION
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
TEMPORARY SOIL STABILIZATION
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you make
the best use of the audiovisual slides, workbook, and tests
for the self-instructional audiovisual lessons on Temporary
Soil Stabilization.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this instructional package are to
promote better understanding among contractors, foremen,
highway and transportation officials, inspectors,
architects and engineers, and other construction
personnel as to:
the need for temporary soil stabilization
in certain situations, in the development
of areas and sites
the proper use of vegetative materials for
temporary soil stabilization
the proper use of non-vegetative methods of
temporary soil stabilization
the factors that determine which method of
temporary stabilization will be best suited
to a certain situation
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This instructional package is designed both for individual
study and for group presentation. For an effective
smooth-running group presentation, plan well in advance.
Have the audiovisual projector, the screen, and the seating
set up. Have the workbooks and quizzes ready for dis-
tribution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read the
workbook so that you can have their contents clear in
your mind and can answer questions. Previewing the
filmstrip also assures you that the audiovisual projector
is working properly.
9-1
-------
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives
of the instructional package. Describe the sequence
of events of the presentation. Tell them that there
will be a short quiz at the end of the meeting or at
intervals during the presentation, depending on which
approach you choose to follow. These quizzes will
help them discover how well they have understood the
filmstrip.
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
grammed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
OPERATING THE PROJECTOR FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert
the appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the
side of the machine. Turn the machine on using the
Volume On/Off control. To start the program, press
the start switch. Focus the image. Throughout the
program the projector will stop while you answer
questions in the workbook. To restart the projector,
once again push the Start portion of the Program
Hold/Start switch. Should the audio and visual portions
of the filmstrip become unsynchronized for any reason,
you can reestablish synchronization, by holding the
Lock switch to the left and at the same time depressing
either the Film Hold or Film Advance switch, whichever
is appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously des-
cribed. Tell them that workbooks and quizzes will be
distributed; inform the audience that these materials
were prepared to expand the information in the film-
strips. Also, inform them of the built-in review
periods.
9-2
-------
Show the program. Stress the importance of using the
proper procedures in temporary soil stabilization. Be
sure the trainees understand the need to define a
clear goal -- have specific objectives, and utilize
the best techniques in order to stabilize soil, on a
temporary basis, properly.
9-3
-------
SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
1. Is temporary soil stabilization used as often as it
should be?
2. What are the costs of erosion and sedimentation? What
are some of the benefits of adequate erosion and
sediment control measures?
3. What bureaus or agencies evaluate on-site conditions
and determine how long graded areas may be left
uncovered?
4. How important is it to preserve topsoil? Is all topsoil
rich in nutrients, or does some of it need fertilizer
and lime?
5. When would you use mulches instead of vegetative
stabilization? When would you use mulches to start
vegetative stabilization?
6. When are jute netting and excelsior blankets useful
for temporary stabilization?
7. What types of vegetation are better for spring and
summer? What types of vegetation are better for fall?
8. Can various types of plant materials be mixed on one
site, for temporary stabilization?
9-4
-------
Review Answers
Questions 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Questions 2
1. compacted 2. plants 3. contour roughening
4. oats, wheat, rye, sudangrass (three
of these)
5. legumes 6. nitrogen, nitrogen
7. improves, organic 8. fertilizer,lime
9. fertilizer 10. contour 11. mulch
12. straw, hay 13. 2000, 60
14. mulch blower
Questions 3
1.
5.
a.
b.
Questions
c.
d.
4
2.
6.
t
b.
3. b.
7 . a. c .
4.
8.
b.
d.
c. d
e. g
1. shielding, bind 2
3. test plot, entire site 4
soil conditions, climate,
steepness
several test plots
Questions 5
1. T 2.
7. F 8.
Questions 6
1. b.
5. b. e.
F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F
T 9. T 10. F 11. T
2. c. 3. a. b. d. f. g. h. i. 4. a.
6. a. 7. b. c.
9-5
-------
LESSON 10
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
CONTROL OF SEDIMENT
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
CONTROL OF SEDIMENT GENERATED
ON CONSTRUCTION SITES
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor' s Manual is to help you
make the best use of the audiovisual slides, and work-
book for the self-instructional audiovisual lesson on
Control of Sediment Generated on Construction Sites.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this instructional package is to pro-
mote better understanding among erosion and sediment
control specialists as to:
- the kinds of sediment control structures and
their functions.
- the importance of proper construction and reg-
ular maintenance of sediment control structures,
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This instructional package is designed both for self-
study and for group presentation. For an effective
smooth-running group presentation, plan well in ad-
vance. Have the audiovisual projector, the screen, and the
seating set up. Have the workbooks ready for distrib-
ution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read
the workbook so that you can have their contents clear
in your mind and can answer questions. Previewing the
filmstrip also assures you that the audiovisual projector
is working properly.
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives
of the instructional package. Describe the sequence
of events of the presentation. Tell them that there
will be a short review at the end of the program to
help them discover how well they have understood the
filmstrip.
10-1
-------
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
grammed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
PROJECTOR OPERATION FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert the
appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the side of
the machine. Turn the machine on using the Volume On/
Off control. To start the program, press the Start
switch. Focus as desired. To restart the projector,
after it has stopped for review questions, push the
start portion of the Program Hold/Start switch. Should
the audio and visual portions of the filmstrip become
unsynchronized for any reason, synchronization may be
re-established by holding the Lock switch to the left
and at the same time depressing either the Film Hold or
Film Advance switch as appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously des-
cribed. Tell them that a workbook will be distributed.
Add that it was prepared to expand the information in
the filmstrips. Also, inform them of the built-in re-
view periods.
Show Part I of the program Control of Sediment Generat-
ed on Construction Sites. Review the basic functions
of sediment traps. Be sure the trainees are familiar
with the vegetative sediment control practices.
Show Part II. Stress the importance of maintenance
for all sediment control structures. Make sure the
trainees understand the important construction criter-
ia for sediment basins.
10-2
-------
IDEAS FOR DISCUSSION
1. What do we mean by "control of sediment
generated on construction sites"?
2. Why can we only expect reasonable ero-
sion control?
3. How do we keep sediment from damaging
the environment?
4. Why must both defenses be used?
5. Why is good planning important in the
preserving of a buffer area?
6. How is the ability of a buffer to trap
sediment improved?
7. Explain the use of contour strips.
8. Why must care be exercised in utilizing
woodland areas for trapping sediment?
9. Discuss the use of grass and legumes as
filters.
10. Discuss the construction of the sod in-
let filter.
11. Discuss the construction of the gravel
inlet filter.
12. Why is maintenance so important?
13. How is the possibility of piping reduced
on temporary sediment traps?
14. How is a straw bale perimeter barrier
used?
15. How can the life of a straw bale sedi-
ment trap be prolonged?
16. How important is maintenance with tem-
porary sediment traps?
10-3
-------
17. Describe some ways sediment basins are
cleaned.
18. What is the importance of consulting
local and state regulations before con-
structing a sediment basin?
19. What is a common cause of the failure
of dry temporary sediment basins?
20. Why is the maintenance of a sediment
basin so important?
10-4
-------
Control of Sediment Generated
on Construction Sites
WORKBOOK - ANSWERS
Questions 1
1. Erosion control,
reduces
2. Sediment control
3. water
4. sediment
a. speed, trap
b. length, detained
c. size, weight
Questions 4
1. Structural practices
2. gravel inlet
3. highly resistent
4. type, inlet
Questions 2
1. b
2. b
True or False
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. True
Questions 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
True
True
False
False
True
False
Questions 3
1.
2.
3.
a
d
d
Question 6
1.
2.
3.
d
b
b
10-5
-------
Questions 7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
reduces
second
a . Speed , trap
b. Length, detained
c. Size, weight
vegetative buffer, sediment
maintaining
vegetation
grass
overland
Contour stripping
flow, runoff
vegetated buffers,
contour
graded, buffers
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
light
gravel inlet
type, inlet
roadway
bale, sandbag
undercutting
traps, sandbag,
straw bale, six
sediment
excavated, costs
little
Sediment basins
temporarily
runoff
riser pipe
perforations
a.
10-b
-------
LESSON 11
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
EROSION AND SEDIMENT
CONTROL PLANNING
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
EROSION AND SEDIMENT
CONTROL PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you make
the best use of the audiovisual slides, workbook, and tests
for the self-instructional audiovisual lessons on Erosion
and Sediment Control.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this instructional package are to pro-
mote better understanding among contractors, inspectors,
architects and engineers, and other construction personnel
as to :
- the necessity of erosion and sediment control
planning and implementation
- the responsibilities of preliminary planning
and design
- the costs of controlled vs uncontrolled development
- sources of information and tools used for site
planning in relation to erosion and sediment
control
- important aspects and goals of erosion and sediment
control planning
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This instructional package is designed both for individual
study and for group presentation. For an effective
smooth-running group presentation, plan well in advance.
Have the audiovisual projector, the screen, and the seating
set up. Have the workbooks and quizzes ready for distrib-
ution .
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read the
workbook so that you can have their contents clear in your
mind and can answer questions. Previewing the filmstrip
also assures you that the audiovisual projector is working
properly.
11-1
-------
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives
of the instructional package. Describe the sequence of
events of the presentation. Tell them that there will
be a short quiz at the end of the meeting or at intervals
during the presentation, depending on which approach you
choose to follow. These quizzes will help them discover
how well they have understood the filmstrip.
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
graimed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
OPERATING THE PROJECTOR FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert the
appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the side of
the machine. Turn the machine on using the Volume On/Off
control. To start the program, press the start switch.
Focus the image. Throughout the program the projector
will stop while you answer questions in the workbook. To
restart the projector, once again push the Start portion
of the Program Hold/Start switch. Should the audio and
visual portions of the filmstrip become unsynchronized
for any reason, you can reestablish synchronization, by
holding the Lock switch to the left and at the same time
depressing either the Film Hold or Film Advance switch,
whichever is appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously described.
Tell them that workbooks and quizzes will be distributed;
inform the audience that these materials were prepared to
expand the information in the filmstrips. Also, inform them
of the built-in review periods.
Show the program. Stress the importance of using the
proper procedures in erosion and sediment control. Be
sure the trainees understand the need to define a clear
goal -- have specific objectives, and utilize the best
techniques in order to understand the design and implement-
ation of an erosion and sediment control plan.
11-2
-------
SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
1. What types of landscapes are considered critical
areas and should be protected from erosion?
2. What are the proper techniques and procedures of
grading? What effect can improper grading have
on the soil?
3. Why is it important to control runoff water on the
site?
4. What are some critical features that must be evaluated
before the development of a site commences?
5. What features should be considered during the design
stage of development? What are the responsibilities
of the owner or developer?
6. What are the costs involved in setting up and fol-
lowing an erosion and sediment control plan?
7. What are some sources of information for site plan-
ning, in relation to erosion and sediment control?
What type of information can each provide?
8. Of what use are topographic and quadrangle maps in
site planning? How are aerial photographs helpful?
9. What are the five key requirements of erosion and
sediment control planning? What is the importance
of each point?
10. What are some of the features which should be included
in an erosion and sediment control plan? Why do plans
vary from site to site?
11-3
-------
Review Answers
Questions 1
forests, floodplains, steep slopes, shorelines of
bays and inland lakes, waterways and streams, man-
made impoundments sucn as reservoirs (three of
these)
planning, implementation
water
5. grading
Questions 2
1. F 2.
3. rainfalls
6. volume, velocity
3.
4.
5.
4. runoff
6.
Questions 3
1.
2. a, c
3.
4.
Questions 4
1.
7.
1.
e
g
c
2.
2.
c
b
3.
3.
b
e
4.
4.
d
a
5.
5.
a
d
6.
Questions 5
1.
7.
B
C
2.
8.
B
A
3.
4.
5. B
6. B
Questions 6
1. preliminary planning 2. design stage
3. site plan 4. l) identify, protect
2) reduce 3) trap 4) stabilize 5) require
5. grading contours, structures, designs, notes
11-4
-------
LESSON 12
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
WOODED SITE DEVELOPMENT
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
WOODED-SITE DEVELOPMENT
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you make
the best use of the audiovisual slides, workbook, ana tests
for the self-instructional audiovisual lessons on Wooded-
Site Development.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this instructional package are to
promote better understanding among contractors, foremen,
highway and transportation officials, inspectors,
architects and engineers, and other construction
personnel as to:
the structure and growth of trees
the selection of appropriate trees for
preservation during the development of
wooded sites
the major kinds of damage that can occur
to trees, in the development of wooded
sites, and the practices that will help
avoid this damage
the correct procedures to be followed, to
help trees recover from the stress of con-
struction and from minor damage
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This instructional package is designed both for individual
study and for group presentation. For an effective,
smooth-running group presentation, plan well in advance.
Have the audiovisual projector, the screen, and the seating
set up. Have the workbooks and quizzes ready for dis-
tribution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read the
workbook so that you can have their contents clear in
your mind and can answer questions. Previewing the
filmstrip also assures you that the audiovisual projector
is working properly.
12-1
-------
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives
of the instructional package. Describe the sequence
of events of the presentation. Tell them that there
will be a short quiz at the end of the meeting or at
intervals during the presentation, depending on which
approach you choose to follow. These quizzes will
help them discover how well they have understood the
filmstrip.
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
grammed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
OPERATING THE PROJECTOR FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector insert
the appropriate cartridge with the arrow up into the
side of the machine. Turn the machine on using the
Volume On/Off control. To start the program, press
the Start switch. Focus the image. Throughout the
program the projector will stop while you answer questions
in the workbook. To restart the projector, once again
push the Start portion of the Program Hold/Start switch.
Should the audio and visual portions of the filmstrip
become unsynchronized for any reason, you can reestablish
synchronization, by holding the Lock switch to the left
and at the same time depressing either the Film Hold
or Film Advance switch, whichever is appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously des-
cribed. Tell them that workbooks and quizzes will be
distributed; inform the audience that these materials
were prepared to expand the information in the film-
strips. Also, inform them of the built-in review
periods.
12-2
-------
Show the program. Stress the importance of using the
proper procedures in wooded-site development. Be
sure the trainees understand the need to define a
clear goal — have specific objectives, and utilize
the best techniques in order to develop wooded areas
properly.
12-3
-------
SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
1. Is the minimum size of one-half to one-third acre,
for wooded-site development, a reasonable guideline?
Is it risky to try to get away with smaller lots?
2. How can we motivate the appropriate people, to make
sure that the correct procedures are followed?
3. When is it better to remove a tree, before construction
begins, than to leave it standing?
4. How valuable are trees? Are some trees more valuable
than others?
5. What persons or agencies are the most reliable and best
able to provide help with specific problems relating to
trees and wooded-site development?
6. How likely are the oldest and largest trees to suffer
damage during construction?
7. Why is it a good idea to locate roadways so as to do
the least damage to valuable stands, and to minimize
cuts and fills?
8. Are most of the principles outlined in this program
standard procedure? If some are not, should they be
adopted?
9. Should these principles be incorporated as part of
state law?
10. To the developer, what are the advantages and disadvantages
of following the proper procedures for development in
wooded areas?
12-4
-------
Review Answers
Questions 1
1.
5.
9.
1.
4.
6.
8.
a. c.
F
a. b.
seconi
pole-
large
veter
2. b. c. e. f.
6. a.
10. F
growth 2.
pole-size, wind throw
awtimber 7.
3.
7.
a. b. c.
a.
seedlings
4 .
8.
a. d. e,
3. saplings
5. small sawtimber
crown, crotches, trunk
Questions 2
1. T 2.
7. F 8.
13. T 14.
F
F
F
3.
9.
T
T
4.
10.
F
T
5.
11.
T
F
6.
12.
T
F
Questions 3
1.
7.
a.
b.
2.
8.
b.
T
3.
9.
b.
b.
4.
10.
a.
a.
5.
c.
6.
Questions 4
1.
7.
T
T
2.
T
T
3.
9.
T
T
4.
101
T
T
5.
11.
T
T
6.
1. branches 2. Bark, drainage, wound dressing
3. punching holes, loosened, 18
4. Fertilization, fertilize, dripline, fertilizer
5. organic litter 6. slowly
12-5
-------
Questions 5
1. c. 2. c. 3. a. 4. a. 5. b. 6. b.
7. a. 8. c. 9. b. 10. a. 11. a. 12. b.
13. a. 14. d. 15. b. 16. b. 17. a.
Questions 5 Continued
1. T 2. F J. F 4. F 5. T 6. T
7. F 8. T
12-6
-------
LESSON 13
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
FOREMAN - INSPECTOR
RESPONSIBILITIES
INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
-------
FOREMAN - INSPECTOR
RESPONSIBILITIES
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Instructor's Manual is to help you
make the best use of~the audiovisual slides, and work-
book for the self-instructional audiovisual lesson on
Foreman-Inspector Responsibilities.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this audiovisual package is to pro-
mote better understanding among erosion and sediment
control specialists as to:
- the roles of the foreman and inspector.
- the responsibilities of the foreman-inspector
team.
- the concept of "social control" or enforcement"
PREPARATION FOR PRESENTATION
This audiovisual package is designed both for self-
study and for group presentation. For an effective
smooth-running group presentation, plan well in advance.
Have the audiovisual projector, the screen, and the seating set
up. Have the workbooks ready for distribution.
Before presenting the filmstrip, preview it and read the
workbook so that you can have their contents clear in
your mind and can answer questions. Previewing the film-
strip also assures you that the audiovisual projector is
working properly.
Finally, prepare the audience. Explain the objectives of
the audiovisual package. Describe the sequence of e-
vents of the presentation. Tell them that there will be
a short review quiz at the end of the program to help them
discover how well they have understood the filmstrip.
13-1
-------
PRESENTATION
The program can be viewed continuously. However, because of the
quantity and detail of the information presented, it is suggested
that you view it in sections. The projector and audio is pro-
grammed to allow a fifteen second pause at review points. This
will provide time to stop the projector for question and answer
periods. Always make sure everyone understands each part of the
program before going on to the next part.
PROJECTOR OPERATION FOR AUDISCAN EQUIPMENT ONLY
To operate the Audiscan audiovisual projector in-
sert the appropriate cartridge with the arrow up
into the side of the machine. Turn the machine on
using the Volume On/Off switch. Focus as desired.
To restart the projector when it stops for workbook
questions, push the start portion of the Program
Hold/Start switch. Should the audio and visual por-
tions of the filmstrip become unsynchronized for any
reason, synchronization may be re-established by
holding the Lock switch to the left and at the same
time depressing either the Film Hold or Film Advance
switch as appropriate.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Welcome the group and prepare them as previously
described. Tell them that a workbook will be dis-
tributed. Add that it was prepared to expand the
information in the filmstrips. Also, inform them of
the built-in review periods.
Show the program, Foreman-Inspector Responsibilities.
Review the roles of the foreman and the inspector.
Be sure the trainee understands the five responsibili-
ties of the Foreman-Inspector Team. The trainee should
also know the importance of social control or enforce-
ment.
13-2
-------
IDEAS FOR DISCUSSION
1. Explain the "shared" responsibility
of the foreman and the inspector.
2. Can the roles of the foreman and in-
spector be viewed separately?
3. What is the best way to obtain a
"working knowledge" of current prac-
tices?
4. How do you plan your activities?
5. How essential is maintenance for
effective erosion and sediment con-
trol?
6. How important is it that practices
meet design specifications as close-
ly as possible?
7. How can problems still occur in the
field inspite of the best planning
and design?
8. Why do the inspector and foreman
have to play the role of "amateur
psychologists"?
13-3
-------
Foreman - Inspector Responsibilities
WORKBOOK - ANSWERS
Questions 1.
Questions 5.
1,
2.
3.
4,
5,
False
True
False
True
False
6. False
Questions 2.
1. e
2. a,b,c,d
3. e
4. c
Questions 3.
1. a,b,c,d
2. b
3. a,b,c
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8,
9
10,
11,
12,
13,
foreman
inspector
inspector
foreman
a. Know the law.
b. Have working knowledge
of current practices.
c. Know the plans.
d. Organize your activities,
a. implementation
b. performance
a. Utility
b. Traffic
c. staging
Major
enforcement
controlling, educate,
cooperation
inform, train, foreman
laws, police power
implement, plan
Questions 4.
1. Minor
2. enforcement
3. controlling, communicate, educate
4. enforcement
5. plan
6. contract
13-4
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/8-76-OOla
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Erosion and Sediment Control
Audiovisual Training Program Instructor's
Manual
5. REPORT DATE
June 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Thomas R. Mills; Michael A. Nawrocki; Gregg
Squire; Homer T. Hopkins; Michael L. Clar
R.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Hittman Associates, Inc.
Environmental & Geosciences Department
9190 Red Branch Road
Columbia, Maryland 21045
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BC611 PEMP 03
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
S-800b54
Project No. 5800854
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
and
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 2Q4§0
Water Resources Administration, State of
Maryland, Annapolis. Maryland 21401
Final Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Prepared in cooperation with the Water Resources Administration,
State of Maryland
16. ABSTRACT A series'of technical presentations and a certification plan for
erosion and sediment control specialists are presented. Thirteen
lessons complete with visual aids, student handouts and audiovisual
handouts consisting of slides, vidiotape and tape narration, workbooks
and instructor's manuals are developed. These materials are designed
to provide an effective education program for qualifying construction
personnel and Bothers to pass a certification examination. The list of
the lessons is as follows:
i. Goals, Objectives and Principles of Erosion and Sediment Control
2. Soils
3. Rainfall-Runoff Relationships
4. Erosion and Sedimentation
5. Plant Materials
6. Control of Runoff During Construction
7. Vegetative Soil Stabilization
8. Stream Erosion Control
9. Temporary Soil Stabilization
10. Control of Sediment Generated on Construction Sites
11. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning
12. Wooded Site Development
13. Foreman-Inspector Responsibilities
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Erosion Control
Sediment Control
Education
Sediment Control
Construction Related
Erosion
Technical Presen-
tation
05 I
13 B
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
85
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
•tt U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1976- 625-790/781
-------
------- |