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the Health Effects of Env i ronment a 1 Pollution, Paris, France,
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.TH EFFECTS FORMERLY INT S/MP RECENT ADV ASSESS HEALTH EFFECTS ENVIRON POLLU
J DIOXIDE IN VIEW OF PARIS FRAN 1974
FLO Method of Support: INHOUSE
Epidemiologic surveys relating long-term air pollution
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?s in the Assessment the i nc i donee of acute respiratory disease are summar i zed . In
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bronchitis preva 1 ence was elevated in nei ghbor hoods of
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respiratory disease (ARD) resulted from improvements in
existing air quality. In Chicago, reduction of annual average
'esence of a number of sulfur dioxide levels from 100 -nicrograms/cu m to 57
is other than nitrogen mi crograms/cu m, and of suspended sulfate ( SS ) levels from 18
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lessee near an army mi crogra'ns/cu m to aDout 14 mi crograms/cu m promoted
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study among families exposure to annual average 502 levels of 250 mi crograms/cu m,
Chattanooga School accompanied by SS levels of about 22 m i crograms/cu m. and
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pollution evaluations total suspended particulate levels of 94-117 m i crograms/cu m
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iitions plant produces acute lo^er respiratory illness. (Author surnniary modified)
•ic and nitric acid Descriptors: ACUTE; CHRONIC; HUMANS ; .ANIMALS ; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
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the N02 area which MEASUREMENTS; SULFUR DIOXIDE; OXIDES; SULFUR OXIDES; SULFATES:
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ry Disease Section. National function ter>t results. No relationship was found Detv
t N01-HR1-221 9-03 , Rept. serum trypsin inhibitor/ capacity and ventilatory functi
2 refs. respiratory symptoms, or frequency of diagnosed pultior
diseases, even among cigarette smokers. The data indie
that an i n t urmed i ate level of AAT deficiency is not
carried out on a stratified important risk factor for the development of chrc
son area to determine the obstructive lung diseases. The data militate strongly agai
of genetic factors in the the use of anv' quantitative determination of AAT as a test
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tive lung disease; the identify subjects with moderate deficiency for the purpose
f individuals or families predicting Uiter development of chronic respiratorv disorde
f chronic obstructive lung The rate of severe deficiency is so low that populat
of alpha1-ant i trypsi n (AAT) screening for such subjects is impractical. (Author abstr
xposure to environmental or modified)
moving, repeated infections, Descriptors: CHRONIC; HUMANS; ANIMALS; DIAGNOSIS; BIOMEDl
ed in-deoth questionnaires, TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; TREATMENT AND AIDS; INHIBIT!
errninat ions, skin tests with BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; PULMONARY FUNCT]
tions of eosinopni 1 ia. Data RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS; VENTILATION (PULMONARY); SMOK]
any relationship between RESPIRATORY DISEASES; DISEASES AND DISORDERS; ARIZONA; AVIEF
trypsin inhibitory capacity ; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; URBAN AREAS; METROPOL1
ase. This did not exclude a AREAS
otype and lung disease, and Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
are still in progress. Also
ilial concordance of chronic
underway. The preliminary
study are described. (Author
EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIOMEDICAL
ICS; SKIN TESTS; DIAGNOSIS;
GY); BIOLOGICAL CONSTITUENTS
ON; BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND
SPIRATORY FUNCTIONS; SMOKING;
DERS; INFECTIOUS DISEASES;
ERICA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED
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i. Allergy, p. 215-226, 1972 (?). 29 refs.
ALLERGY 1972
Method of Support'- NONE
studies on the relationship of air pol
jical variables to the occurrence of broncf
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changes m environment on the health status of men havina
chronic reso • ra tory disease. The population studied including
ALTH. 3000 residents of the Veterans Administration Domiciliary and
chronic disease hospital. Each member was examined to
^9:11-16, March 197?. determine t'^e presence or absence of symptoms and signs of
chronic respiratory disease, to elicit occupatl ona 1 . smok i nq .
t: NONE ' and residential histories, and to obtain a measure of
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acteristic form of vegetation damage, categories showing s i gn i f i rant 1 y higher prevalence of the
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e emissions in tons/day from vehicles gasoline and oils, coal dust. road dust. and welding fumes.
, 970 for nitrogen oxides, 12,800 for Smoking rr.ore than 10 years showed a similar increased
or sulfur dioxide- On more than one prevalence. Residence in the North Central United States.
toring stations record concentrations South Central United States. and California also were
y average for ozcre. About 75% of associated with an increased prevalence of clinical criteria
y pollution, and 90% of these report of chron-c respiratory disease. No Positive association was
er- producing potential is lower than found between size of community of residence and the clinical
the air in Los Angeles contains a criteria. The Puff-meter. a pulmonary function testino
benzo(a)pvrene. The tumor-producing device, was field tested and evaluated on the basis of data
ate matter is also lower. Recent obtained. Samples of the population with chronic rpspiratory
has shown that nitrogen dioxide disease, and controls matched on age and smoking history, were
condition reseat) I i ng emphysema in observed weekly in a medical clinic to define the Current
its. There is therefore still some respiratory status of each group. Symptoms • physical sions,
rapidly increasing cause of death in Puff-meter reading one-second forced expiratory volume. and
ed in part to smoggy atmospheric total vital capacity were observed. Several measures of
ir guality standards are mentioned. weather, air pollution, and pollen wene made concurrently.
LITY STANDARDS; STANDARDS; HUMANS; Multiple regression analysis did not reveal significant
OGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; EYE Correlations between measures of tempenatune. relative
AND DISORDERS; HEALTH IMPAIRMENT; humidity, weather, oxidants, sulfur dioxide. nitrogen oxides.
ANGELES; AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; NORTH sn-og plant danaqe, visibility. or pollen count and
URBAN AREAS; METROPOLITAN AREAS; observations of synptoms. physical signs, or pulmonary
E EMISSIONS; POLLUTANTS; SMOG; function. (Author aostract modified)
PARTICULATES; MOTOR VEHICLE SOURCES; Descriptors: ACUTE; CHRONIC: AGE (BIOLOGY): BIOLOGICAL
SOURCES; TRANSPORTATION METHODS; AIR PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; HUMANS: ANIMALS: VIALES:
HYDROCARBONS; BENZOl 3-4 ) PYRENE ; 8IOC L I MATOLOGY : BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT:
COMPOUNDS; PYRENES; CARBON MONOXIDE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORBIDITY: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH: PULV1QNARY
(N02); NITROGEN OXIDES; SULFUR FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS: SMOKING: RESPIRATORY DISEASES
; OZONE; PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS; ; DISEASES AND DISORDERS; LOS ANGELES: AMERICA: CALIFORNIA:
NOMENA; CHEMICAL REACTIONS NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; URBAN AREAS: METROPOLITAN AREAS:
LTH OXIDANTS: POLLUTANTS; POLLENS-, PARTICULATES: SUSPENDED
PART ICULATES: SMOG; INDUSTRIAL EMISSION SOURCES: SOURCES:
STATIONARY L MISSION SOURCES; AIR QUALITY MEASUREVIENTS:
VISIBILITY: DATA ANALYSIS: DATA HANDLING SYSTEMS: STATISTICAL
ANALYSES: HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA: METEOROLOGY:
R POLLUTION ON ELDERLY MALES. TEMPERATURE (ATMOSPHERIC); NITROGEN OXIDES: OXIDES: SULFL'P
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s Angeles, Calif., Dept. of Public Identifiers: YEAR 1963
Ph.D.), Univ. Microfilms, Inc., Ann Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
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Pa., three city comparison of Greensboro. Charlotte, and
trol Birmingham. residential areas with varying total suspended
-28, particulates exposure, indicates a much more unclear picture.
and important differences in covariates would make conclusions
197 premature until a more detailed analysis has been performed to
account for the covariates. The first sector for the three
Southeastern cities, which is the high socio-economic sector.
room shows a definite gradient of illness rates for parents with
ning some reversals for children. The same holds true for a second
hnic sector, but the lower socio-economic group reports illness
but rates for the high total suspended particulates city which are
were lower than those reported for both other cities. The
aily nonrespi ratory illness rates are hiqher in Greensboro and
are Charlotte for all three sectors.
s to Descriptors: SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS: ACUTE: ADULTHOOD:
or ANIMALS: HUMANS; PREADOLESCENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY: 8IOMEDICAL
vely TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; MORBIDITY: RESPIRATORY DISEASES:
ally DISEASES AND DISORDERS; BIRMINGHAM. ALABAMA: ALABAMA; AMERICA:
and NORTH AMERICA: UNITED STATES; NEW YORIf CITY; NEW YORK STATE:
s a NORTH CAROLINA; URBAN AREAS; METROPOLITAN AREAS; SUSPENDED
the PARTICULATES: PARTICULATES; POLLUTANTS; AIR QUALITY
male MEASUREMENTS; STATISTICAL ANALYSES; SULFUR DIOXIDE; OXIDES:
both SULFUR OXIDES-. NORTH CAROLINA
for Identifiers: CHARLOTTE; GREENSBORO
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respect to dust fall and sulfur dioxide was measured. Health
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age, and sex. Results of some of the pulmonary function tests
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pollution were decreased. Based on data correlations, the
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(Author summary modified)
Descriptors: CHRONIC: HUMANS; ANIMALS: AGE (BIOLOGY):
BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; MALES: FEMALES: ATTACK
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HEALTH STATISTICS; PULMONARY FUNCTION: RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS:
SMOKING: RESPIRATORY DISEASES: DISEASES AND DISORDERS: ASTHMA:
BRONCHITIS: NEW HAMPSHIRE; AMERICA: NORTH AMERICA; UNITED
STATES; URBAN AREAS; METROPOLITAN AREAS: AIR QUALITY
MEASUREMENTS; DUST FALL; SULFUR DIOXIDE: OXIDES: SULFUR OXIDES
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Identifiers: BERLIN
Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
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3 Descriptors: AIR POLLUTION EPISODES; ACUTE; AGE (Bit
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trial, and controls are reviewed.
criptors: HUMANS; ANIMALS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIOMEDICAl
IQUES AND MEASUREMENT; LUNGS; BIOLOGICAL CONSTITUENTS ANC
; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; LUNG CANCER; CANCER; DISEASES ANC
DERS; ASUESTOSIS; PNEUMOCONIOSIS; RESPIRATORY DISEASES;
TOS; MAltRIALS; MINERAL PRODUCTS; NEW YORK CITY; AMERICA;
YORK STATE; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; URBAN AREAS;
POLITAN AREAS; COMMERCIAL AREAS; SOURCES; AIR QUALITY
REMENTS; MEASUREMENT METHODS; PARTICULATE CLASSI FICAT IOK
DS; PARTICLE SIZE; AEROSOL PHENOMENA; PARTICLE SIZE.
, AND STRUCTURE; PARTICULATE PROPERTIES; HI-VOL SAMPLERS:
ERS; SAMPLING METHODS; MEMBRANE FILTRATION; PARTICLE
TIGATION METHODS; PARTICLE SEPARATION; CONTROL METHODS!
RON MICROSCOPY
egory: AIR QUALITY MEAS
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ort: NONE EXERCISES; BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; TREATMENT
lung cancer at ages 35-44 and 55-64 in AND AIDS; PULMONARY FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS; SMOKING:
death rates from bronchitis at 55-64 in RESPIRATORY DISEASES; DISEASES AND DISORDERS: NEW HAMPSHIRE;
20 countries. Trie twenty countries AMERICA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES: SUSPENDED PARTICULATES:
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ars ranged from 3422 per adult in the METHODS; METEOROLOGY; ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA; SULFUR DIOXIDE:
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death rates of men from lung cancer
lution by coal smoke is as important as
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LUNG CANCER; CANCER; DISEASES AND
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Descriptors: SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS; CHRONIC: ADULTHOOD;
ANIMALS; HUMANS; BIOCLIMATOLOGY; BI3MEDICAL TECHNIQUES AND
MEASUREMENT; DIAGNOSIS; TREATMENT AND AIDS; RESPIRATORY
FUNCTIONS; BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; PULV10NARY
FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY DISEASES; DISEASES AND DISORDERS:
CALIFORNIA; AMERICA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES: URBAN AREAS
; METROPOLITAN AREAS; OXIDANTS; POLLUTANTS; METEOROLOGY;
ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA; CALIFORNIA
Identifiers: SAN DIEGO
Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
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pollution, a model of daytime wind flow over Los Angeles was
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Bronchitis is always found in respiratory disease increased in successive downwind zones.
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3ke content, particulate Descriptors: SOCIO-ECONOVIIC FACTORS: HUMANS; ANIMALS; AGE
f sulfur oxides. A negative (BIOLOGY); BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; MALES; FEVIALES:
temperature and morbidity. MORTALITY; BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; RESPIRATORY
'S alone correlates with the DISEASES; DISEASES AND DISORDERS; LOS ANGELES; AMERICA:
Fects the bronchi only in CALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES: URBAN AREAS:
Workers can inhale 5 ppm S02 METROPOLITAN AREAS; DIFFUSION MODELS: ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA:
=fect, while 1 ppm S02 in the DIFFUSION (ATMOSPHERIC): DISPERSION; DIFFUSION (ATMOSPHERIC):
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infarction. The physician has two responsibilities in the
field of air pollution. One' is to his patients, through
providing adequate specific protection for sensitive
individuals aqamst the specific effects of air pollution wher
it is elevated. The second role of the physician is to helc
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STOS BODIES IN HUMAN LUNGS AT AUTOPSY.
a, Dzidra, Robert S. Totten, and Paul Gross
m. Vied. Assoc., 1 92 (5) : 371-373 , May 3, 1965. 11 refs.
MED ASSOC 1965
Method of Support: NONE
incidence of asbestos bodies in the lungs was
igated in 100 autopsies of adults who died at a hospital
tsburgh, Pa. Lung smears were taken from the sectionec
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: Descriptors: MEDICAL PERSONNEL; PERSONNEL: CHRONIC; HUMANS;
i ANIMALS; PLANT DAMAGE: CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN: BIOMEDICAL
i TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; HEMATOLOGY; METABOLISM-, BIOLOGICAL
es of the upper and lower lobes of both lungs. The
were dried and mounted without staining, anc
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; PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS: PULMONARY FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY
£ FUNCTIONS; SMOKING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DISEASES ANC
) DISORDERS; EYE IRRITATION; RESPIRATORY DISEASES; ASTHMA:
1 BRONCHITIS; CALIFORNIA; AMERICA: NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES:
/ ENGINE EXHAUSTS; ENGINE EMISSIONS: POLLUTANTS; SMOG:
PARTICULATES; SUSPENDED PARTICULATES: MOTOR VEHICLE SOURCES:
i MOBILE EMISSION SOURCES; SOURCES; TRANSPORTATION METHODS:
: VISIBILITY; AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENTS; LEAD COMPOUNDS; METAL
COMPOUNDS; CARBON MONOXIDE; OXIDES: OZONE; PHOTOCHEMICAl
REACTIONS; CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PHENOVIENA; CHEMICAL REACTIONS
; ; PHOTOOXIDATION
; Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
r
Routine histo'ogical sections of unexpanded lungs were
xamined in al 1 cases. Asbestos bodies were found in 415
suojects. They were not encountered in persons up tc
ars of age. Among males the incidence was 47%, and ir
s 34%. Although significant microscopic pulmonary
is was encountered in two positive cases, no instance o1
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ca 1 asbestosis was found. Mesothelioma of the pleurc
t encountered. Primary lung carcinoma occurred in one
t */ith asbestos bodies and in one without. (Author
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riptors: ADULTHOOD; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGE (BIOLOGY);
ICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; MALES; FEMALES; AUTOPSY;
ICAL TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; DIAGNOSIS; TREATMENl
c. o O Q
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AIDS; LUNGS; BIOLOGICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PARTS;
ATORY SYSTEM; DEPOSITION; RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS;
ION; LUNG CANCER; CANCER; DISEASES AND DISORDERS;
OSIS; PNEUMOCONIOSIS; RESPIRATORY DISEASES; ASBESTOS;
ALS; MINERAL PRODUCTS; PITTSBURGH; AMERICA; NORTH
A: PENNSYLVANIA: UNITED STATES; URBAN AREAS;
OLITAN AREAS
gopy: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
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ons of recent epidemiologic, pathologic, and TECH BIB Method of Support: NONE
ies of the health hazards of air pollution are Some of the existing data on the effects of photochemical
ugh evidence has been obtained suggesting that pollution on the respiratory tract of animals and man- are
ure to pollution can increase morbidity and summarized, while areas in which important knowledge is
persons with pre-existing bronchitis and lacking and the direction which certain aspects of researcf.
ossioily cause obstructive airways diseases, might take are indicated. The photochemical pollutants which
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Pollutants involved and the mechanisms by which are generally measured include nitrogen dioxide, oxidants
espiratory function have received limited which are principally ozone but include other oxidizing
ure studies should attempt to separate the role agents, and hydrocarbons mainly in the form of methane.
particulate pollutants and consider the effects Recent studies in experimental animals with both 03 and N02
factors such as age, sex, soc loeconomi c class, have demonstrated cellular injury and an increased
posure, migration, and smoking habits on Susceptibility to bacterial pulmonary infections. Human
ry diseases. Several specific research experimental exposures to 03 above 1.0 ppm consistently
to resolve the specific air pollution problems produce modest increases in airway resistance measured
re listed. directly or indirectly by changes in forced expiratory
HUMANS; ANIMALS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIOMEDICAL volumes. The retrospective epidemiologic data on mortality
MEASUREMENT; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; HEALTH and morbidity in association with acute exposure to varying
SEASES AND DISORDERS; BRONCHITIS; RESPIRATORY levels of ambient pollution primarily in the Los Angeles area
HYSEMA; CALIFORNIA; AMERICA; NORTH AMERICA; are presented tabularly. No correlations between acute
weather patterns and mortality or change in morbidity in
ECTS-HUM HLTH patients with significant respiratory disease have been found.
However, others have been able to establish that children
who live in areas with high levels of pollution have higher
respiratory disease morbidity than children from less polluted
areas. Research programs which may affect air pollution
F ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. control policies are indicated.
I., Yu. E. Korneev, B. A. Somov, K. P. Descriptors: RESEARCH PROGRAMS; ADMINISTRATION; ACUTE:
V. M. Pozin LABORATORY ANIMALS; ANIMALS; , ANIMALS (NON-HUMAN):
sfernvkh zagryazneniy za rubezhom). Text in PREADOLESCENCE; HUMANS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIOMEDICAL TECHMIOUES
a i Sanit., no. 10:70-73, 1970. S.refs. AND MEASUREMENT; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; CELLS (BIOLOGY):
IT 1970 BIOLOGICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PARTS; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
of Support: NONE PULMONARY RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS:
SSIAN PULMONARY FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS; RESPIRATORY
ed incidence of respiratory illness in DISEASES; DISEASES AND DISORDERS; LOS ANGELES; AMERICA:
the United States, Great Britain, Norway, CALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; OXIDANTS; POLLUTANTS
, Japan, France, and Canada and correlations Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
air pollution levels are reviewed. Economic
ng from air pollution and measures being taken
ies to combat the problem of air pollution are
ECONOMIC LOSSES; ECONOMICS; HUMANS; ANIMALS;
EDICAL TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; RESPIRATORY
SES AND DISORDERS; JAPAN; ASIA; CANADA; AMERICA
; FRANCE; EUROPE; WESTERN EUROPE; GREAT BRITAIN
M; USSR; EASTERN EUROPE; SWEDEN; SCANDINAVIA;
EUROPE
DENMARK; NORWAY
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ontrol Administration in 1967-63 is
quality criteria presented. Data are
culates, sulfur dioxide, oxidants,
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:ors: RESEARCH PRQGRAVIS; ADMINISTRATION:
-IOMIC FACTORS; CHRONIC; LABORATORY ANIMALS; ANIMALS;
NON-HUMAN); HUMANS; EPIQEM I OLOGY ; BIOMEDICAL
5 AND MEASUREMENT; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; TISSUE
ENZYMES; BIOLOGICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PARTS; SMOKING:
, PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; SYNERGISM; LUNG CANCER:
ISEAbES AND DISORDERS; CARCINOGENS; EYE IRRITATION:
:>AIRMENT; ASTHMA: RESPIRATORY, DISEASES; BRONCHITIS:
/IERICA; NORTH AMERICA; PENNSYLVANIA; UNITED STATES;
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disease seventy, each Descripl
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pollution exposure was TECHNIQUES
months, no significant CULTURES;
when individuals were BIOLOGICAl
although a trend was CANCER; Dl
ntibiotics for each month HEALTH INU
other months, levels of DONORA; Af.
yspnea and cough in some URBAN ARE/
Oronchitics at some times POLLUTANT'.
d on the day of exposure PARTICULAl
owing exposure in others. Category
ficance in a number of
use of antibiotics showed
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n cough and higher levels
ip is implied. In fact,
p to group and from month
gests that other factors,
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oxidant levels were recorded Between 10 am METROPOLITAN AREAS;
at ic attacks occurred with equal frequency (ATMOSPHERIC): ATMDSPHE
!es. Low positive correlations were found POLLUTION EPISODES
sures of air pollution and number of Category: EFFECTS-HUM h
ks. Low correlations were also noted for
e humidity, and water vapor pressure. A
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her days. The number of persons having
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h plant damage was also significantly
ber on other days (P equals .05). Of the
decided to characterize eight as smog
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e. These patients showed no other common
though seven of the group were females.
S; ANIMALS; PLANT DAMAGE; EYE IRRITATION;
RS; ASTHMA; RESPIRATORY DISEASES; LOS
ALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;
TS; PARTICULATES; SMOG; SUSPENDED
ITY; ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA; METEOROLOGY;
ERIC); CARBON MONOXIDE; OXIDES
HUM HLTH
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erican Public Health Association Annual
it, Mich. , Nov. 1968. )
L 1970
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18(4) :485-494, April 1969. 7 refs.
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There was no positive association between respiratory symptoms
and oxides of sulfur air pollution. The analysis indicated
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; social class between the air pollution levels. (Author's
; Abstract)
5 Descriptors: HUMANS; ANIMALS; AGE (BIOLOGY): BIOLOGICAL
5 PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; FEMALES; EPIDEMIOLOGY: BIOMEDICAL
, TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT-, MORTALITY-, RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS:
i SMOKING; DISEASES AND DISORDERS; RESPIRATORY DISEASES:
/ BRONCHITIS; COUGH; EMPHYSEV1A ; NEW YORK STATE; AMERICA; NORTH
AMERICA; UNITED STATES; URBAN AREAS; METROPOLITAN AREAS:
; POLLUTANTS; PARTICULATES; SETTLING PARTICLES: SUSPENDED
X PARTICULATES; AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENTS; SULFUR OXIDES; OXIDES:
; SULFUR DIOXIDE; ADMINISTRATION; PLANS AND PROGRAMS; CONTINUOUS
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TOBACCO SMOKING.
Cederloef, Rune, Lars Friberg. and Zdenek Hrubec
QUALITY CRITERIA — TOXICOLOGICAL APPRAISAL FOR OXIDANTS, Arch. Environ. Health, 1 8 ( 6 ) : 934-940. dune 1969. 18 refs.
EN OXIDES, AND HYDROCARBONS. ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH 1969
ler, Peter K. and Margaret Hitchcock FLD Method of Support: CONTRACT
ir Pollution Control Assoc., 19(9) '.670-678 , Sept. 1969. Results of studies of cardiovascular and respiratory
s. symptoms as they relate to tobacco snok i nq in American twins
R POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOC 1969 are compared with the results of similar studies in Swedish
Vlethod of Support: RES CRT twins. Both the Swedish and American twin studies show an
ultimate aim of tox i Co 1 ogi cal studies is to determine association between smoking and certain cardiovascular
fects of pollutants on the health and welfare of human symptoms. It is questionable, however. whether this excess
To get this it is essential to conduct animal studies morbidity is causal. It was not possible to reproduce the
aluate the potential toxicity of different pollutants. association when studying monozygotic smokinq discordant
logical appraisal of the photochemical oxidant type of twin-pairs. The data on respiratory symptoms on the other
n o •— f
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Dilution shows: (1) The effects are primarily on the hand indicate a strong probability of a causal connection with
and the senses. (2) There is impairment of pulmonary smoking. Genetic factors play a larqe role in development of
on in humans at concentrations found in polluted air. both coronary and respiratory symptoms.
oth ozone and nitrogen dioxide tend to oxidize the lung Descriptors: HUMANS; ANIMALS; ADULTHOOD; EPIDEMIOLOGY:
in animals for a time. This process creates agents BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; MORTALITY; SMOKING:
have the potential for crossl inking structural proteins, BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; DISEASES AND DISORDERS:
is process initiates inflammation which accelerates cell CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; RESPIRATOR^ DISEASES: BRONCHITIS:
er rates. Both crossl inking and cell turnover rates are COUGH; EUROPE; SWEDEN; SCANDINAVIA; WESTERN EUROPE; UNITED
s in aging, which may thus be accelerated by years of STATES; AMERICA; NORTH AMERICA; HUMANS
ed exposure to oxidants. (4) Long-term exposure to low Identifiers: TWINS
of nitrogen dioxide can produce pre-emphasema tous Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
s in the lungs of rats and mice. Studies with other
s are needed. (5) Ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and dilute
ated car exhausts increase susceptibility to respiratory
ion. The constant search for more sophisticated and
i ve techniques to detect subtle changes indicative of
ease conditions should not be relaxed. Such techniques
rovide chronic disease predictors of great relevance as
ality criteria. A discussion by Ralph C. Wands follows
ticle. (Author's Abstract)
riptors: GUINEA PIGS; ANIMALS; ANIMALS (NON-HUMAN);
TORY ANIMALS; HAMSTERS; MICE; RABBITS; RATS; HUVIANS;
IOL3GY; BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; BLOOD
BIOLOGICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PARTS; CELLS (BIOLOGY);
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM; HEART; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM; LIVER;
KIDNEYS; NERVOUS SYSTEM; BRONCHI; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM;
I; LUNGS; NOSE; EPITHELIUM; SKIN (ANATOMY); REPRODUCTION
GICAL); BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; OXYGEN
ION; PULMONARY FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS;
ARY RESISTANCE; TOXICITY; EYE IRRITATION; DISEASES AND
ERS; EMPHYSEMA; RESPIRATORY DISEASES; PNEUMONIA; TUMORS;
GELES; AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES
INE EXHAUSTS; ENGINE EMISSIONS; POLLUTANTS; OXIDANTS;
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uj«t»xoao-i •-
S; ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS; HYDROCARBONS; BENZENES;
1C HYDROCARBONS; NITROGEN DIOXIDE 1 N02 ) ; NITROGEN OXIDES
ES; OZONE; AIR QUALITY CRITERIA; CRITERIA; OXIDANTS
tifiers: SENSES
gory: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH; STDS AND CRIT
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preceding and the week fol'owin'
children with respiratory syi
N CONTROL. PREVENTIVE MEDICINE. pediatric emergency room were
ohn T. children completed allergy e-
n. Health, 18( 5 ): 834-838, May 1969. 4 refs. allergic constitutions, but t
HEALTH 1969 period of pollution showed a
of Support: INHOUSE There was a statistically s i gi
ur knowledge of the health effects of air respiratory symptoms during
incomplete, the evidence that is available dioxide levels as compared i
that air pollution is guilty of killing and following the pollution ep i Si
le, and that it is capable of doing far more rise was more evident on two Ci
mage than it has already done. Four types of hours following the peak su
link air pollution to specific health detriment 0.001 and less than 0.02). ( Au
of major epidemics that have accompanied acute Descriptors: PREADOLESCENCE;
conditions during relatively short time periods; VISITS; BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUE
udies of past illness and death as correlated DIAGNOSIS; TREATMENT AND AID
ic locations and other factors associated with DISORDERS; RESPIRATORY DISEASES
; epidemiological studies of death and YORK STATE; NORTH AMERICA; UN
function as related to variations in air OXIDES; SULFUR OXIDES; AIR POLL'
laboratory studies of responses by animals, and Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
by human beings, to exposure to various
combinations of pollutants. Studies of evidence
hese sources only point the way to understanding
fects of air pollution on health. However, the
ve medicine in dealing w-,th air pollution is
major sources. The Air Quality Act of 1967 has
for achievement of effective control of air
a regional basis. Some of the activities
implementation of this Act are discussed.
LABORATORY ANIMALS; ANIMALS; ANIMALS
UMANS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIOMEDICA\ TECHNIQUES AND
SYNERGISM; BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS;
ISORDERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; RESPIRATORY
CHITIS; EUROPE; BELGIUM; WESTERN EUROPE; MEUSE
BRITAIN; UNITED KINGDOM; LONDON; NEW YORK STATE;
TH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; NEW YORK CITY;
DONORA; ADMINISTRATION; PLANS AND PROGRAMS; AIR
ISODES; AIR QUALITY CRITERIA; CRITERIA;
ATIONAL GOVERNMENTS; REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS I LEGAL
SLATION; CLEAN AIR ACT; AIR QUALITY STANDARDS;
ONIC; LEGISLATION
AIR QUALITY ACT 1967
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J. Med., 70(3):394-398, Feb. 1, 1970. 15 refs.
MEO 1970
ethod of Support: NONE
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'HEMOGLOBIN; BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT:
-OGY; MORTALITY; RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS; BIOLOGICAL
iES AND FUNCTIONS; PULMONARY FUNCTION; TOXICITY:
LS AND DISORDERS: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: EYE
'ION; RESPIRATORY DISEASES: ASTHMA: BRONCHITIS:
VRr EDEMA; MATERIALS; MATERIALS DETERIORATION; CORROSION
.IFORNIA; AMERICA: NORTH AMERICA: UNITED STATES:
..NTS: PARTICULATE CLASSIFICATION METHODS-. OXIDANTS:
JLATES; METAL COMPOUNDS; LEAD COVIPOUNDS: CARBON MONOXIDE
;S; OZONE; SULFUR OXIDES: CRITERIA: AIR QUALITY CRITERIA
JAROS; AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
jory: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
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A SURVF.Y OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE AM3NG NEW YORK CITY POSTAL
AND TRANSIT WORKERS. 2. VENTILATORY FUNCTION TEST RESULTS.
RE TO AIR POLLUTION ON THE Densen. Paul M., Ellen W. Jones, Hyman E. Bass. Joseph
RGIC DISEASE. Breuer, and Elizabeth Reed
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n, Edward R. Schlesinger, Environ. Ros., 2( 4) : 277-296 . 1969. 8 refs.
ENVIRON RES 1969
Assoc., Philadelphia, Pa., FLO Method of Support: NONE
10 refs. (Presented at the One-second forced expiratory volumes (FEV) were measured for
, 97th Annual Meeting, 12,500 men in New York City in a survey of respiratory
symptoms among postmen and transit workers. The study design
U MEET PHILADELPHIA 1969 and data on prevalence of symptoms ivere given in an earlier
report. Study of ventllatory function test rasu'ts showea
NE distinctive patterns with respect to age, smoking habits, ana
the morbidity of asthma and respiratory disease symptoms. One-second forced expiratory
Erie County, New York, was volumes decreased with age in all study groups. Age-specific
records from 1951 through means were slightly higher for white than for non-white men.
y census tract of residence The lowest FEV values were found among cigarette smokers.
d according to the level of especially the heavy smokers, and the highest values were
ded partlculates for each those of non-smokers or men without symptoms. Variations in
sing the geographic area of patterns of the decline with age, as well as differences in
basis of median income, age-specific mean FEV values, were evident among groups of men
e in 1960. Average annual reporting different symptoms of respiratory disease. (Author
d asthma cases per 100,000 abstract modified)
at the lowest air po.llution Descriptors: ADULTHOOD: ANIMALS; HUMANS: AGE (BIOLOGY):
e highest level. Average BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS; MALES: EPIDEMIOLOGY;
ized eczema cases were only BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; VENTILATION (PULMONARY)
owest air pollution level; ; RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS: SMOKING; RESPIRATORY DISEASES:
host level. The incidence DISEASES AND DISORDERS; NEW YORK CITY; AMERICA; NEW YORK STATE
and air pollution level ; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES: PERSONNEL: PERSONNEL
of the four social classes. Identifiers: POSTAL WORKERS; TRANSIT WORKERS
for eczema patients. Air Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
th the incidence of boys
or eczema, increasing from
he lowest level to 117.5 in
orbidity ratios for boys
rom 45/i at the lowest level
he combined incidence rates
s of age showed a steady
ss with an increase in air
incidence of asthma and
ger age group supports the
become established by the
air pollution affects the
ALS; HUMANS; AGE (BIOLOGY);
; MORBIDITY; BIOMEDICAL
ES; DISEASES AND DISORDERS;
ORK STATE; AMERICA; NORTH
RTICULATES; POLLUTANTS;
ALLERGIES; DISEASES AND
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inical examination, and laboratory tests particularly California, are presented.
^om each patient. Environmental data was Descriptors: HUMANS; ANIMALS; EPIDEMIOLOGY: BIOMED1CAU
ling and weather information. Despite TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT; NERVOUS SYSTEM: BIOLOGICAL
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lologically better or worse together to a RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS; BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS:
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; only 13 of 67 patients at risk became NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; GREAT BRITAIN: EUROPE! UNITED
KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE; FIELD TESTS
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AND FUNCTIONS; PULMONARY RESISTANCE;
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1968
ort: FELL CRT
the ambient atmosphere of Los Angeles
have been studied in comparison with
n smog-filtered atmospherees. In aging
in strains, there was an increased
ry adenoma. In one strain mortality of
) during the first year of life was
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s. Severe episodes produced transient
resistance in old guinea pigs but no
or cumulative effects on this parameter.
i zed by prior stress treatment, urinary
genie steroids was enhanced by ambient
er two or three years of exposure,
duced activity of glutamic oxalcetic
serum. (Authors' abstract)
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LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES; BUSES; HE
ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA; DISPERSl
ALDEHYDES; ACETALDEHYDE; HYDROCAF
PYRENES; BLNZO( 3-4) PYRENE ; BE
; OXIDES; SULFUR OXIDES: SULFUR
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PHENOMENA;
Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
i 008512
THE EFFECTS OF AIR CONTAMINAT It
F Anderson, Donald 0.
I Can. Mod. Assoc. J. (Toronto),
I 1967. 72 refs.
3 CAN MEO ASSOC J TORONTO 1967
TECH BIB Method of Support: 1
J In this first part of three,
: the problems inherent in the sti
pollution upon human health. The
; evaluating a causal relationsr
OF AIR POLLUTION.
;n der Luft- verunreinigungen fuer Die
'ext in German. Med, Welt (.Stuttgart),
, Nov. 1966. 19 refs.
3
)f Support: FELL CRT
IAN
rants and their deleterious effect on humat
ised. Tne following statistics are noted,
: flue gas from a chimney and the filution oi
:rom automobile exhaust gas near ground leve'
The effect of pollution from a large fue'
i be noticed 3-4 km. away. Sulfur dioxide anc
rerious effect on chronic bronchitis patients,
> with different pop- ulations showed i
>ccurrence of lung cancer and chronic
le diffusion of polycyclic aromatics at 3 km,
i source is 1/5 that found 1 km. from the
in C in in
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> estimated that the approximate increase ir
>matics will be 280 meg. per inhabitant per
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; personal ana occupational po I
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spiratory resistance is increased by 14%.
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> use of heating and motor fuel and cigarette;
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= pollution episodes are reviews
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i (Pittsburgh; Tokyo-Hokohama) stuc
3 respiratory surveys (Wales, Engle
i United States, Canada, London).
; is that the accumulated evidenc
; constitutes a health hazard.
i Descriptors: HUMANS; ANIMALS;
BIOMEDICAL UCHNItJUES AND MEASUF
) STATISTICS; MORTALITY; BIOLOGIC
SMOKING; DISEASES AND DISORDER!
IRRITATION; HCALTH IMPAIRMENT; F
3 BRONCHITIS; COMMON COLD; COUGH; C
; GREAT BRITAIN; EUROPE; UN]
3 LONDON; PENNSYLVANIA; UNITED SI
PITTSBURGH; URBAN AREAS; MEI
ENGINE EMISSIONS; COVIBUSTION PROt
SETTLING PARTICLES; DUSTS; SU=
SMOKES; STATISTICAL ANALYSES; SI
DIOXIDE; AIR POLLUTION EPISODES
quantity of oil (1 liter for 200 instead oi
tar content of the exhaust gas increased by 2
; benzopyrene content by 5 1/2 times. Ir
jtermined that the growth of cell cultures was
:e gases in the air. In the U.S.A., the deatf
ratory diseases is proportional to th«
jf organic compounds in the air. It i;
>t only cigarettes, but also automobiles anc
jte to lung cancer. Hit
HUMANS; ANIMALS; BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES AN[
aTH STATISTICS; MORTALITY; TISSUE CULTURES;
iTITUENTS AND PARTS; CELLS (BIOLOGY);
LM; BRONCHI; LUNGS; BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES ANC
iPIRATORY FUNCTIONS; PULMONARY RESISTANCE;
)N; DISEASES AND DISORDERS; CANCER; LUNC
1PAIRMENT; RESPIRATORY DISEASES; BRONCHITIS;
MATERIALS; CALIFORNIA; AMERICA; NORTH AMERICA;
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— cuccoiin — 501— zee *-
Q«4-4VTJ 01 CUI-H*- SCQceu.a.o>-
)S ANGELES; EUROPE; GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC;
IREAT BRITAIN; UNITED KINGDOM-, STREETS; ROADS;
iOPOLITAN AREAS; POLLUTANTS; ENGINE EMISSIONS;
c STANDARDS
; Category: EFFECTS-HUM HLTH
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS; COMBUSTION GASES; STACh
LS; PARTICULATES; SETTLING PARTICLES; SOOT;
STATIONARY EMISSION SOURCES; FUEL OILS;
!IAL EMISSION SOURCES; NON-INDUSTRIAL EMISSIOh
kRY); TRANSPORTATION METHODS; MOBILE EMISSIOr
JURCES; INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; ENGINES;
INGINES; MOTOR VEHICLE SOURCES; AUTOMOBILES;
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