EPA/600/4-91/015
April 1991
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND
ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
1991 Project Descriptors
Compiled and Edited by
Penelope Kellar, Audrey Beach, and Perry Suk
Kilkelly Environmental Associates
P.O. Box31265
Raleigh, North Carolina 27622
EPA Contract No. 68-D9-0093
(Work Assignment No. 2
Under Subcontract to Versar, Inc.)
Prepared for
Dr. Chris Saint
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems,
and Quality Assurance (RD-680)
401 M Street
Washington, DC 20460
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, DC 20460
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Preface
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) is a joint effort of
the Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and Quality Assurance and the Office
of Environmental Processes and Effects Research, within the Office of Research and
Development.
This document has been prepared to provide information on the projects within
EMAP completed in Fiscal Year 1990 and funded for Fiscal Year 1991. EMAP was
formally initiated in 1990, and many of its component projects are just beginning.
Some projects were conducted in the field in 1990, while others focused specifi-
cally on planning and strategy development for implementation within the next few
years. Descriptions of the projects contained in this document as well as lists of
deliverables and milestones reflect current program plans, but it is likely that the
details for some projects (including titles and due dates for deliverables) will change
as EMAP plans progress and are refined. It is anticipated that this document will be
updated annually to reflect current plans, following the closure of each fiscal year
budget cycle.
For further information on any part of EMAP, contact the appropriate Project Officer
or Principal Investigator noted on each Project Descriptor.
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Contents
Preface iii
Acronyms ix
1 An Overview of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program 1-1
2 Resource Monitoring 2-1
2.1 Agroecosystems 2-4
AG-90-001 Development and Peer Review of National
Monitoring Plan for Agroecosystems 2-4
AG-91 -002 Development and Evaluation of Additional Indicators
for Agroecosystems 2-5
AG-91 -003 Identification and Evaluation of Existing Data Bases 2-5
AG-91-004 Development of Cross-Resource Linkages 2-6
AG-90-005 Example Annual Statistical Summary for
Agroecosystems 2-7
2.2 Arid Lands 2-8
AL-90-001 Development and Peer Review of National
Monitoring Plan for Arid Lands 2-8
AL-91-002 Riparian PilotStudy Plan 2-9
AL-91-003 Arid Lands Integrated Assessment Design 2-10
AL-90-004 Example Annual Statistical Summary for Arid Lands 2-11
2.3 Forests 2-12
FR-90-001 Development and Peer Review of National
Monitoring Strategy and Plan for Forests 2-12
FR-90-002 Support for the USDA Forest Health Monitoring
Program 2-13
FR-91-003 Regional Demonstrations of Forest Health
Monitoring Approaches 2-14
FR-90-004 Forest Health Monitoring Plot Design and Logistics
Study 2-15
FR-91 -005 Statistical Summary of the 1990 New England Forest
Health Monitoring Survey 2-16
FR-90-006 Example Annual Statistical Summary for Forest
Resources 2-17
2.4 Estuaries 2-18
ES-90-001 Development of a Near Coastal Monitoring
Implementation Plan 2-18
ES-90-002 Virginian Province Demonstration Project 2-19
ES-90-003 Louisianian Province Demonstration Project 2-20
ES-91-004 Carolinian Province Demonstration Project 2-21
ES-90-005 Near Coastal Example Interpretive Assessment 2-22
2.5 Great Lakes 2-24
GL-91-001 Great Lakes Demonstration Project 2-24
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Contents
2.6 Surface Waters 2-25
SW-90-001 Assessment of Changes in Surface Water Chemistry 2-25
SW-90-002 Strategy for Using Indicators to Assess Surface Water
Condition 2-26
SW-90-003 Design and Implementation of Surface Water
Monitoring 2-27
SW-90-004 Logistics and Total Quality Management for EMAP-
Surface Waters 2-28
SW-90-005 Example Annual Statistical Summary for Surface
Waters and Wetlands 2-29
2.7 Wetlands 2-30
WL-90-001 Development of Monitoring Strategies for Wetlands 2-30
3 Coordination Activities 3-1
3.1 Statistics and Design 3-4
SD-90-001 Development of the EMAP Sampling Design
Framework 3-4
SD-90-002 Coordination of EMAP Sampling Design
Implementation 3-5
SD-91-003 Investigation of Statistical Issues in EMAP Quality
Assurance 3-5
SD-91-004 American Statistical Association Review of EMAP
Statistics and Design Activities 3-6
3.2 Indicators 3-8
IN-90-001 Research Strategy for Developing Indicators of
Ecological Condition 3-8
IN-90-002 International Symposium on Ecological Indicators 3-9
3.3 Logistics 3-10
LG-90-001 Logistics Program Planning for EMAP 3-10
3.4 Total Quality Management 3-11
TQ-90-001 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Program
Planning for EMAP 3-11
3.5 Technology Transfer 3-12
TT-90-001 Development of EMAP Program-Level Informational
Materials 3-12
TT-90-002 Development of Policies and Procedures for EMAP
Communications 3-13
3.6 International Activities 3-15
IT-90-001 EMAP International Activities: Regional Assessment
of Pollution Sources and Effects in Nepal..'. 3-15
4 Integration Activities 4-1
4.1 Air and Deposition 4-3
AD-90-001 Support for the National Dry Deposition Network 4-3
AD-90-002 Investigation of Existing Network Capabilities 4-4
AD-90-003 Study to Determine Optimum Status and Trends
Network 4-5
VI
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Contents
4.2 Landscape Characterization 4-6
LC-90-001 Sampling Frame Development for Ecological
Resource Monitoring 4-6
LC-90-002 Development of the Landscape Characterization Pilot
Sites Network 4-7
4.3 Information Management 4-10
IM-90-001 Development and Implementation of Information
Management for EMAP 4-10
4.4 Integration and Assessment 4-12
IA-91-001 Program-Level Integration and Assessment for
EMAP 4-12
IA-90-002 Preparation of Guidance for Annual Statistical
Summaries 4-13
IA-90-003 National Academy of Sciences Review of EMAP 4-14
5 Developmental Research 5-1
5.1 Ecological Indicator Development 5-2
IR-90-001 Review and Development of Diagnostic Indicators
for Marine Ecosystems 5-2
IR-90-002 Biodiversity Indicators Research 5-3
5.2 Environmental Statistics 5-4
ST-90-001 Statistical Research on Design Aspects of EMAP 5-4
ST-90-002 Research on Temporal Statistical Issues '. 5-5
ST-90-003 Research on Spatial Statistical Issues 5-6
5.3 Ecological Risk Characterization 5-7
RC-91 -001 Development of an Ecological Risk Strategic Plan 5-7
5.4 Landscape Ecology 5-8
LE-90-001 Development of Methods for Monitoring and
Analyzing Landscapes 5-8
Index A: Regions and States 1-1
Regions 1-1
States 1-1
Index B: Project Officers I-3
Index C: Principal Investigators I-8
Federal Employees I-8
University Cooperators 1-11
Contractors/Consultants 1-12
Miscellaneous 1-15
Appendix: Deliverables and Milestones A-1
VII
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Acronyms
ADP automated data processing
ANC acid neutralizing capacity
AREAL Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory (EPA,
Research Triangle Park)
ARMA auto-regressive moving average
ARS Agricultural Research Service (USDA)
ASA American Statistical Association
BEST Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (NAS)
DIG digital line graph
DOI U.S. Department of the Interior
DQO data quality objective
DRI Desert Research Institute
EMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program
EMSL-C Environmental Monitoring Support Laboratory-Cincinnati (EPA)
EMSL-LV Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas (EPA)
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPIC Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center (EPA, Warrenton, VA)
ERC Ecological Research Center (UNLV)
ERL-C Environmental Research Laboratory-Corvallis (EPA)
ERL-D Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth (EPA)
ERL-GB Environmental Research Laboratory-Gulf Breeze (EPA)
ERL-N Environmental Research Laboratory-Narragansett (EPA)
FHM Forest Health Monitoring Program (USDA-FS)
FIA Forest Inventory and Analysis (USDA-FS)
FS Forest Service (USDA)
FTN Ford, Thornton, Norton, and Associates
FTS federal telephone system
FY fiscal year
CIS geographic information system
GPS global positioning system
IBI index of biotic integrity
IMC Information Management Committee (EMAP)
LCD Landscape Characterization Data Base
LESC Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Corporation
LTM Long-Term Monitoring Program (EPA)
LUDA Land Use Data Acquisition (USGS)
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Acronyms
METI Mantech Environmental Technologies, Inc.
NA not applicable
NADP National Acid Deposition Program
NAPAP National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
NAS National Academy of Sciences
MASS National Agricultural Statistical Service (USDA)
NCSU North Carolina State University
NDDN National Dry Deposition Network
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA)
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOS National Ocean Survey (NOAA)
NRC National Research Council
NRI National Resources Inventory (SCS)
NTN National Trends Network
NWI National Wetland Inventory (FWS)
OARM Office of Administration and Resources Management (EPA)
OHEA Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (EPA)
OIRM Office of Information Resources Management (EPA)
OMMSQA Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and Quality Assurance (EPA)
ORD Office of Research and Development (EPA)
ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory
OSU Oregon State University
OTS Office of Toxic Substances (EPA)
OTTRS Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support (EPA)
QA quality assurance
QAPP Quality Assurance Program Plan
QC quality control
SCS Soil Conservation Service (USDA)
SOP standard operating procedures
TBA to be announced
UNLV University of Nevada-Las Vegas
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
WSTB Water Science and Technology Board (NAS)
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Section 1: An Overview of the Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment Program
Both the incidence and scale of reported environmental problems have increased
over the past two decades. The public is increasingly concerned that the resources
upon which they rely for recreation, quality of life, and economic livelihood remain
sustainable. Scientists are increasingly concerned that the impact of pollutants now
extends well beyond the local scale: climate change, acidic deposition, ozone de-
pletion, nonpoint source pollutant and sediment discharges to waterways, and
habitat alteration threaten our ecosystems on regional and global scales. Years of
scientific study have not only heightened our environmental awareness, but also
have convinced us that the ecological processes that determine how our ecosys-
tems respond to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances are extremely com-
plex. Unfortunately, the current status of our environment is presently not well
documented, making it impossible to assess quantitatively where and at what rate
degradation may be occurring. While we believe that our policies and programs
are protecting the quality of our environment, we cannot prove it with currently
available data.
We cannot, for example, determine whether reported problems are increasing
across extensive areas of the country, or simply reflect a more informed and vocal
public or a locally visible pollution issue. Nor can we determine whether collective
human impacts are a more plausible explanation for such problems than are natural
causes such as drought. Finally, we are unable to determine whether the policies
and programs we now have in place to restore our damaged resources, or to pro-
tect those perceived to be threatened, are effective. Clearly, we need a national
baseline against which future changes in the condition of our resources can be
measured and the overall effectiveness of our environmental policies can be eval-
uated with confidence.
In 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Science Advisory Board
recommended implementing a program to monitor ecological status and trends
that would identify emerging environmental problems before they reach crisis pro-
portions. The next year, EPA refined the focus of its environmental protection ef-
forts by calling for an active confirmation that its programs are truly maintaining or
improving environmental quality. The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) is part of the Office of Research and Development's (ORD) re-
sponse to both the Science Advisory Board's recommendation and the Agency's
call for "managing for results." EMAP's goal is to monitor the condition of the na-
tion's ecological resources. EMAP data will enable us to evaluate the success of
current policies and programs and identify emerging problems before they be-
come widespread or irreversible.
EMAP represents the foundation for ORD's Ecological Risk Assessment Program.
When fully implemented in cooperation with other agencies that share resource
monitoring responsibilities, this coordinated research and monitoring effort will
provide the information needed to document the current condition of our ecologi-
cal resources, understand why that condition exists, and predict what it may be in
the future under various management alternatives. Such information will enable
EPA to take proactive steps that will minimize future risk or to revise current efforts
that fall short of their intended results.
1-1
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Introduction and Overview
The concept of EMAP was developed in 1987. Since then, several key questions
have been formulated that will guide the Program toward meeting its goal: What
is the current extent of our ecological resources, and how are they distributed
geographically? What proportions of the resources are currently in acceptable eco-
logical condition? What proportions are degrading or improving, in what regions,
and at what rates? Are these changes correlated with patterns and trends in envi-
ronmental stresses? And, finally, are adversely affected resources improving in re-
sponse to control and mitigation programs?
These questions pose a challenge that cannot be met without a long-term com-
mitment to environmental monitoring on national and regional scales. Further-
more, this challenge cannot be met efficiently without drawing on the experience
and expertise within other federal agencies and organizations that share responsi-
bility for maintaining environmental quality or sustaining our resources. EMAP
seeks to answer these questions by addressing the three overall objectives shown
in Figure 1.
EMAP Objectives
Q Estimate the current status, extent, changes, and trends in
indicators of the condition of the nation s ecological resources
on a regional basis with known confidence.
Q Monitor indicators of pollutant exposure and habitat condition
and seek associations between human-induced stresses and
ecological condition.
Q Provide periodic statistical summaries and interpretive reports on
ecological status and trends to resource managers and the public.
Figure 1. The three principal objectives of the Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program.
The EMAP approach to monitoring ensures broad geographic coverage; enables
quantitative and unbiased estimates of ecological status and trends; facilitates anal-
ysis of associations among measurements of habitat condition, pollutant sources
and exposure, and biological condition (indicators); and allows sufficient flexibility to
accommodate sampling of multiple types of resources and identification of
emerging environmental issues.
To ensure efficient execution of this approach, EMAP planning and field demon-
stration projects have involved other federal agencies as well as other organiza-
tions within EPA, including the Program and Regional Offices. As specific plans for
implementation are formulated, EMAP will also need to enlist the assistance of state
agencies located within the particular areas targeted for monitoring. The develop-
1-2
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Introduction and Overview
merit of monitoring plans, which undergo rigorous technical review by national
scientific organizations, is also occurring in concert with many university coopera-
tors.
Several long-term, coordinated monitoring efforts will be implemented by EMAP
over the next five years. These efforts, which will operate on regional scales over
periods of years to decades, will collect data from many resource categories: arid
lands, agricultural systems, forests, lakes and streams, the Great Lakes, inland and
coastal wetlands, estuaries, and coastal waters. Field crews will measure biologi-
cal, chemical, and physical variables and processes on statistically selected sam-
pling sites for resource classes, such as sagebrush-dominated shrubland, orchard
cropland, oak-hickory forests, small lakes, emergent estuarine wetlands, or large
estuaries. Some of these measurements will also be made by using remote sens-
ing techniques. Data on atmospheric deposition and exposure to other air pollu-
tants will be obtained. Finally, maps, aerial photography, and satellite imagery will
be used to describe broad regional patterns of the landscape in areas where sam-
pling is being conducted.
Organizationally, EMAP has four major elements: Resource Monitoring, Coordi-
nation, Integration, and Developmental Research (Figure 2). Resource monitoring
focuses on collection and interpretation of field data on the ecological condition of
the eight EMAP resource categories. Several coordination activities support
EMAP's resource monitoring efforts, including statistical analysis and network de-
sign; indicator selection, testing, and evaluation; logistics; and quality assurance. A
principal function of the Coordination Groups is to ensure that data collection ac-
tivities by the Resource Groups are conducted in standardized ways. Other coor-
dination functions include technology transfer activities and liaison with the interna-
tional community, other agencies, states, and EPA Regions. Integration
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program
Resource
Monitoring
• Agroecosystems
• Arid Lands
• Forests
• Estuaries
• Great Lakes
• Coastal Waters*
• Surface Waters
• Wetlands
Coordination
Activities
• Statistics and Design
• Indicators
• Logistics
• Total Quality
Management
• Technology Transfer
• International
Activities
Integration Developmental
Activities Research
• Air and Deposition
• Landscape
Characterization
• Information
Management
• Integration and
Assessment
• Ecological Indicator
Development
• Environmental
Statistics
• Ecological Risk
Characterization
• Landscape Ecology
Figure 2. The four major elements of the Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program: Resource Monitoring, Integration Activities,
Coordination Activities, and Developmental Research. ('The Coastal
Waters Group is not yet active.)
1-3
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Introduction and Overview
activities include several functions that facilitate the acquisition, management, and
interpretation of monitoring data. All major groups within EMAP conduct research
that is relevant to their specific resource or coordination and integration responsi-
bilities. Additionally, EMAP has identified four major areas of research that are
cross-cutting and is currently establishing research programs for these areas: envi-
ronmental statistics, ecological indicator development, landscape ecology, and
ecological risk characterization.
Although the agenda for EMAP is ambitious, the Program represents the type of
monitoring program that is needed for the 1990s and beyond. As a developing
program, the ideas, approaches, and strategic plans must be subjected to critical
review, evaluated using existing and new data, tested in regional demonstration
projects, and periodically reevaluated before they are adopted as standard operat-
ing procedures. Periodic review and evaluation of how well standard operating
procedures are performing will determine whether refinements are necessary. The
Program will make maximum use of existing information to avoid duplication and
will capitalize on the experience of past efforts, both the successes and failures.
Above all, EMAP data, plans, and reports will be presented for critical review by the
scientific community and representatives from government agencies whose mis-
sions complement EMAP's. Comment and input on EMAP's priorities will be ac-
tively solicited from business groups, citizen groups, and other public interest
groups. Only through a broad-based, open forum can we ensure that the products
from EMAP will have a significant influence on the setting of this nation's environ-
mental policies.
EMAP managers currently are working with the National Academy of Sciences to
define the scope and production schedule for an interim report on the Program by
the Academy. EPA's Science Advisory Board, working closely with the Academy,
will review the Program in the context of its ability to bring improved science to
the EPA decision-making process. Additionally, all senior EMAP scientists who
have responsibility for major Program elements have been charged with ensuring
the scientific merit of their approaches through active review by special technical
panels, such as members of the American Statistical Association, the Association of
Ecosystem Research Centers, the Estuarine Research Federation, and other scien-
tific societies and scientists with specialty expertise.
The Estuaries Resource Group has completed a demonstration project in the Mid-
Atlantic region, and plans are well under way for a similar project along the Gulf
Coast to be conducted during the summer of this year. The Forests Resource
Group has completed pilot projects for indicators in both the Northeast and the
Southeast The Surface Waters Resource Group is planning for a regional lake
demonstration project in the Northeast this year, and the Wetlands Resource
Group is planning to conduct a pilot study on selected coastal wetlands along the
coast of Louisiana this summer.
During 1991, all Resource Groups are expected to have prepared plans that de-
scribe their proposed activities over the next five years. Strategic plans for network
design, indicator development, and landscape characterization, and for the overall
Program direction through 1995, are scheduled for completion in early 1991. A
document that details the relationship of EMAP to the risk characterization process
is also targeted for completion in the first half of 1991.
Approximately $24 million was allocated for EMAP in FY91. The relative distribu-
tion of these funds among the four major elements of the Program is shown in
1-4
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Introduction autd Overview
Figure 3. Figure 4 illustrates the relative distribution of funds among the individual
Resource and Task Croups within the four major Program elements. Consistent
with EMAP's phased implementation, the three Resource Groups that are conduct-
ing field monitoring or pilot and demonstration projects in 1991 (Estuaries, Forests,
and Surface Waters) have been allocated the largest proportion of the total budget
Funding levels for other Resource Croups generally reflect planning activities in
preparation for field implementation in FY92 and beyond.
16-
14 -
Figure 3. Relative FY91 funding for the four major elements of the Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment Program.
1-5
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Introduction and Overview
Resource Monitoring
Agroecosystems
Arid Lands
Forests
Estuaries
Great Lakes
Surface Waters
Wetlands
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 7.5 8
Coordination Activities
Statistics and Design
Indicators
Logistics
Total Quality Management
Technology Transfer
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 7.5 8
Integration Activities
Air and Deposition
Landscape Characterization
Information Management
Integration and Assessment
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 7.5 8
Developmental Research
Ecological Indicator Development _____
Environmental Statistics F~T~
Ecological Risk Characterization
Landscape Ecology
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 7.5 8
Figure 4. Relative FY91 funding for Resource and Task Groups within the four
major elements of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program.
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Introduction and Overview
This document is organized into five major sections: this Introduction and
Overview and four sections that contain individual Project Descriptors for the four
major elements of EMAP. Sections 2, 3,4, and 5 contain individual Project De-
scriptors for Resource Monitoring, Coordination Activities, Integration Activities,
and Developmental Research, respectively. Additionally, each Project Descriptor is
coded (to assist in budget and deliverables tracking) and indexed for easy refer-
ence. The categories used to generate the three indices at the back of the docu-
ment are (1) Regions and States - EPA Regions and states in which field projects or
principal research activities are or will be conducted; (2) Project Officers - respon-
sible for managing the project, providing technical direction and guidance, and en-
suring coordination among related projects; and (3) Principal Investigators -
responsible for ensuring the objectives are met and the work plan is executed.
The Principal Investigators Index is further broken down into four categories:
(1) Federal Employees, (2) University Cooperators, (3) Contractors/Consultants,
and (4) Miscellaneous (Members of Scientific Societies and International Partici-
pants). Finally, a list of deliverables and due dates (current as of this writing) are
provided for each project in the Appendix.
1-7
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Section 2: Resource Monitoring
EMAP's ultimate success in providing a snapshot of current environmental condi-
tions and identifying important trends in our ecological resources depends on the
work presently being conducted by the Resource Groups. The currently operating
Resource Groups are arrayed so that each concentrates on an important compo-
nent of the environment: agroecosystems, arid lands, forests, estuaries, the Great
Lakes, surface waters, and wetlands. An eighth Resource Group that will docu-
ment the condition of the nation's coastal waters is planned for the future. Under-
lying the variety of activities and projects among the groups is a common Program
orientation and integrated goal direction, which will ensure that all data bases de-
veloped will support EMAP's overall purpose. The principal EMAP objectives are
to estimate the current status, extent, changes, and trends in indicators of the con-
dition of our nation's resources on a regional basis; monitor indicators of pollutant
exposure and habitat condition and seek associations between human-induced
stresses and ecological condition; and provide periodic statistical summaries and
interpretive reports on ecological status and trends to resource managers and the
public. The Resource Groups' activities are focused toward satisfying these objec-
tives.
Consistent with the carefully planned, phased implementation of EMAP, not all Re-
source Groups are at the same stage of development. Some of the seven Re-
source Groups are largely occupied with identifying, developing, and testing indi-
cators and with designing their monitoring protocols in preparation for full imple-
mentation. Others have conducted small-scale pilot studies, and the Estuaries Re-
source Group, having completed a 1990 demonstration project in the Virginian
Province, is preparing for a second demonstration in the Louisianian Province this
summer. The Project Descriptors in this section provide details on projects com-
pleted in FY90 and continuing and newly initiated projects for FY91 for each
Resource Group. Highlights of these activities follow.
In 1991, the Agroecosystems Resource Group (Section 2.1) is preparing its overall
monitoring plan, assessing extramural data sources, working on indicator devel-
opment, and formulating its reporting protocols. The National Monitoring Plan for
Agroecosystems, to be finalized by late spring, will serve as the foundation for na-
tional-scale monitoring by this Group. In addition to agriculture-related indicators,
the Group is currently evaluating indicators related to natural vegetation and
wildlife. Data bases will be identified that could prove useful in assessing ecologi-
cal condition of agroecosystems, and protocols will be developed for providing
information gained through analysis and testing of agroecosystem indicators to
other Resource Groups. Finally, an example summary produced in 1990 will serve
as a useful tool for demonstrating potential presentation formats for statistical data
summaries, to be produced annually once EMAP-Agroecosystems is fully imple-
mented.
The Arid Lands Resource Group (Section 2.2) focuses on a variety of landscapes:
deserts, grasslands, chaparral, woodlands, prairies, sagebrush-dominated shrub-
land, pinyon-juniper communities, and riparian areas. A first task for this Group has
been to develop a working definition of arid ecosystems based on annual precipi-
tation, precipitation versus evapotranspiration, temperature, and biological factors.
Using this definition, EMAP-Arid Lands is preparing its National Monitoring Plan,
which will be finalized in spring 1991. Also in 1991, the Group will begin planning
for a pilot study on riparian systems to test network design, logistics, methodolo-
2-1
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Resource Monitoring
gies, and data and information handling. The findings from this pilot will form the
basis for the development and implementation of monitoring and assessment in all
arid land resources. By fall 1991, the Group plans to publish its conceptual ap-
proach and sampling framework for integrated assessments of arid lands. Produc-
tion of an example statistical summary report, written for the public and policymak-
ers, began in late 1990. Further work will be done on graphic displays and presen-
tation methods to enhance this aspect of the Group's responsibility to report on
ecological status and trends.
In 1990, EMAP-Forests and the USDA Forest Service conducted a survey of forest
growth and visual symptoms of air pollution on forest canopies at 266 plots in New
England (Section 2.3). The purpose of this study was to compare the approach for
site selection proposed by EMAP-Forests with that used by the Forest Service in its
Forest Health Monitoring program. In 1991, the results of this study are being
used to refine the approach for continued monitoring in New England and for ex-
pansion to New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, Georgia, and Alabama.
These data, along with supplemental data on air and deposition, will also form the
basis for an annual statistical summary to be produced jointly by EMAP-Forests and
the Forest Service. The experience gained in a second 1990 project, designed to
evaluate plot design and logistics as well as variability in indicator measurements,
also will be reported in 1991. For this project, several indicators of forest condition
were measured at 20 sites in New England dominated by northeastern hardwoods
and at 20 sites in Virginia dominated by loblolly pine. Development of a joint mas-
ter plan for monitoring forest health in the United States is a key priority of EMAP-
Forests and the Forest Service for 1991. Scientists from both organizations are
working jointly to complete the plan, which will include priority forest classes and
indicators, a sampling design, a total quality management plan, a logistics plan, and
other principal components.
In 1990, the Estuaries Resource Group selected and evaluated a set of indicators in
the Virginian Biogeographic Province Demonstration Project (Section 2.4). The
area studied extends across the Virginian Province from Cape Cod (MA) south-
ward to the Chesapeake Bay (DE, MD, VA). Sampling in this Province will con-
tinue in large estuaries, large tidal rivers, and selected small coastal systems
through summer 1991. The 1990 project will help the Resource Group perfect its
sampling design and operational strategies for later, cost-effective studies on a na-
tional scale. Indicators selected for monitoring included fish type and abundance,
incidence of gross fish pathology, sediment organism type and abundance, water
quality, sediment contaminant concentrations, and sediment toxicity to sensitive
species. A preliminary report of results is expected in early 1991, with a final report
the following fall. Regional implementation will continue with a 1991 Louisianian
Demonstration Project and a proposed 1992 demonstration project in the
Carolinian Province. These projects will help refine field and laboratory methods,
logistics plans, data base management systems, and quality assurance plans that
will guide future Resource Group efforts. An illustrative Near Coastal Example In-
terpretive Assessment was also produced, which emphasized presentation of re-
sults to show current status and trends and provided examples of questions that
can and cannot be answered through EMAP.
Working with the existing EPA Great Lakes National Program Office, the Great
Lakes Resource Group is presentlyvinvestigating existing monitoring programs with
respect to the EMAP goal and objectives (Section 2.5). Although this Resource
Group is only in its early planning stages, a phased-in indicator evaluation strategy
and pilot study design option are expected by late 1991. A possible pilot project,
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Resource Monitoring
now under discussion, would use EMAP approaches to evaluate zebra mussel dis-
tribution. Following successful pilot studies on one lower and one upper Great
Lake, a lower lake demonstration project will precede full program implementation.
In summer 1991, an EMAP-Surface Waters pilot study in northeastern lakes will
begin (Section 2.6). After access information is completed for 300 lakes in Maine,
New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut (EPA
Region 1), as well as lakes in New York and New jersey (EPA Region 2), site se-
lection and sampling will start. The pilot study is an initial thrust in the Resource
Croup's efforts to establish field and laboratory procedures as well as rigorous data
quality measures that will eventually enable long-term monitoring of the biological,
chemical, and physical conditions of U.S. lakes nationwide. Another EMAP-Surface
Waters project to monitor low acid neutralizing capacity waters for long-term
trends is making use of a network originally established in EPA's acid deposition re-
search program. This project will yield information from sites across the nation
with emphasis on those waters believed likely to respond to changing levels of
acidic deposition resulting from the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The pro-
ject will also compare these waters to those not expected to respond to decreased
acidic deposition levels. Other EMAP-Surface Waters projects are examining indi-
cators, design and implementation options, logistics and total quality management,
and reporting formats. In addition to identifying and selecting the most appropriate
indicators of aquatic condition, the Resource Group is developing implementation
guidelines to support consistent, Program-compatible methods and standards for
identifying candidate waters, selecting sampling sites, optimizing logistics and
quality assurance protocols, and producing annual reports on national regional
water quality status and trends.
The Wetlands Resource Group's National Research Plan was peer reviewed by
scientists from six universities in November 1990 (Section 2.7). The final plan is
expected in early 1991. Also in 1991, the Resource Group will conduct an indica-
tor evaluation pilot study in coastal Louisiana to compare hydrology, vegetation
associations, species composition and abundance, and other potential indicators.
The pilot will assess these indicators in 20 wetlands considered to be in "good" or
acceptable condition and 20 that are considered to be in unacceptable condition,
based on the opinion of wetlands experts familiar with both the wetlands in the
area and the perceived environmental threats. In cooperation with EMAP-Land-
scape Characterization, this Group also plans to conduct a pilot study to evaluate
the design it proposes to use. This design pilot will address information gathering
techniques pertinent to characterizing the status and extent of U.S. wetlands.
To meet their objectives and conduct their activities in the most effective manner,
all of these Groups will draw upon the experience and expertise within other fed-
eral agencies and organizations that share responsibility for maintaining environ-
mental quality or sustaining the nation's resources. In addition, as illustrated by
these projects, the Groups are taking the necessary steps for ensuring efficient ex-
ecution of the EMAP approach to monitoring the respective resources for which
they are responsible.
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Resource Monitoring Agroecosystems
Section 2.1: Agroecosystems
Development and Peer Review of National Monitoring Plan for Agroecosystems
Project Code: AG-90-001 EPA Kegion(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): All
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Bruce Jones Walter Heck Walter Heck Lee Campbell
EMSL-LV USDA-ARS USDA-ARS NCSU
(702)798-2671 (919)737-3311 (919)737-3311 (919)737-2751
FTS 545-2671 FTS 672-4069 FTS 672-4069
Ann Pitchford
EMSL-LV
(702) 798-2366
FTS 545-2366
Objectives
Develop a detailed plan for national-scale monitoring of agroecosystems that high-
lights and evaluates monitoring strategies, including linkages with other agencies,
evaluation of existing data, and pilot and demonstration studies.
Work Plan
This project is being accomplished through the interaction and activities of scien-
tists from EPA, other agencies, universities, and institutes. Components of the Na-
tional Monitoring Plan include a list of agroecosystem indicators to be measured; a
sampling design, including use of the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS) sampling frame in EMAP; a total quality management plan; a logistics plan;
a description of the relationship of EMAP-Agroecosystems sampling to EMAP-
Landscape Characterization; and descriptions of assessment, data base manage-
ment, and reporting activities. The plan was peer reviewed in March 1991 in con-
junction with peer reviews of the monitoring plans for EMAP-Arid Lands and
EMAP-Forests. This joint review served to promote consistency among the three
terrestrial monitoring plans and approaches. This plan will serve as the foundation
for national-scale monitoring of agroecosystems within EMAP.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Draft monitoring plan 2/91
• Peer review 3/91
• National Monitoring Plan for Agroecosystems 4/91
• Agroecosystem indicators (journal article) 12/91
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Agroecosystems Resource Monitoring
Development and Evaluation of Additional Indicators for Agroecosystems
Project Code: AG-91-002 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1991 State(s): NA
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Bruce Jones Walter Heck Walter Heck Lee Campbell
EMSL-LV USDA-ARS USDA-ARS NCSU
(702)798-2671 (919)737-3311 (919)737-3311 (919)737-2751
FTS 545-2671 FTS 672-4069 FTS 672-4069
Ann Pitchford
EMSL-LV
(702) 798-2366
FTS 545-2366
Objectives
Initiate an ongoing research effort to develop and evaluate sets of indicators
identified for possible use in monitoring ecological condition of agroecosystems.
Work Plan
Indicators reflecting condition of agricultural landscapes, which are not part of the
agricultural production system, will be tested for utility in the monitoring of natural
vegetation and wildlife; specific monitoring protocols for these landscape indicators
will be developed and field tested. Indicators for monitoring contaminant import
and export, pest density, animal production, and socioeconomic factors will be
further developed. Preliminary field testing will be initiated for these indicators, if
developmental information warrants.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Status report on agroecosystem indicator research 12/91
Identification and Evaluation of Existing Data Bases
Project Code: AG-91-003 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1991 State(s): All
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Bruce Jones Walter Heck Walter Heck Lee Campbell
EMSL-LV USDA-ARS USDA-ARS NCSU
(702)798-2671 (919)737-3311 (919)737-3311 (919)737-2751
FTS 545-2671 FTS 672^069 FTS 672-4069
Ann Pitchford
EMSL-LV
(702) 798-2366
FTS 545-2366
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Resource Monitoring Agroecosystems
Objectives
Identify agricultural data bases and evaluate them for possible use in assessing
agroecosystem condition.
Work Plan
In cooperation with the USDA, a number of data sources have been identified, for
example, those of MASS and the Soil Conservation Service-National Resources
Inventory (SCS-NRI). Selected data from NASS have been obtained for preliminary
analyses. Following these analyses, if warranted, additional data from past years
will be obtained to analyze trends. A similar approach is planned for use of SCS
data from both the NRI and other SCS data bases. Several other data sources have
been identified and will be evaluated as time permits.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Critical evaluation of existing agricultural data bases for 12/91
applicability to ecological assessment
Development of Cross-Resource Linkages
Project Code: AG-91-004 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1991 State(s): NA
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Bruce Jones Walter Heck Walter Heck Lee Campbell
EMSL-LV USDA-ARS USDA-ARS NCSU
(702)798-2671 (919)737-3311 (919)737-3311 (919)737-2751
FTS 545-2671 FTS 672-4069 FTS 672-4069
Objectives
Interact with other EMAP Resource Groups to identify and further develop agroe-
cosystem indicators that are relevant for monitoring condition of other EMAP re-
sources and determine how data related to these indicators can be used in estimat-
ing the condition of other resources being monitored by EMAP.
Work Plan
Draft protocols for cross-resource monitoring will be developed and reviewed with
other EMAP Resource Groups. One or two workshops with EMAP and non-EMAP
participants will be held during the year for critical review of the protocols. Rec-
ommendations for cross-resource monitoring activities that may be useful at each
EMAP design tier will be made.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Internal report on agroecosystem indicators relevant to cross- 12/91
resource monitoring
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Agroecosystems Resource Monitoring
Example Annual Statistical Summary for Agroecosystems
Project Code: AG-90-005 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990 Stated): NA
Project Officers Principal Investigator
Bruce Jones Walter Heck Walter Heck
EMSL-LV USDA-ARS USDA-ARS
(702) 798-2671 (919) 737-3311 (919) 737-3311
FTS 545-2671 FTS 672-4069 FTS 672-4069
Ann Pitchford
EMSL-LV
(702) 798-2366
FTS 545-2366
Objectives
The objective of this project was to produce an example of an annual statistical
summary for agroecosystems. Selected stress, exposure, and response indicators
were used to illustrate how information on the condition of agroecosystems can be
presented annually to decisionmakers and the public. The example presentation
formats enabled effective communication between the Agroecosystems Resource
Group and the intended audiences.
Work Plan
A list of questions and issues identified for agroecosystems was used to design and
test a series of different presentation formats. The indicators evaluated included
selected crop yields (e.g., soybeans, wheat), pest density, land use classification,
and a soil erosion index. The report was written for policymakers and the public.
For future summaries, existing data, data generated from characterization, and
simulated data will be used to refine presentation and reporting techniques. These
reports will be made over regional or biome scales, unless data are only available
for smaller areas (e.g., vegetation associations). Field measurement and remote
sensing data will be presented as maps generated by using CIS (geographic infor-
mation system) techniques.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Final annual statistical summary example for agroecosystems 9/90
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Resource Monitoring Arid Lands
Section 2.2: Arid Lands
Development and Peer Review of National Monitoring Plan for Arid Lands
Project Code: AL-90-001 EPA Kegion(s): 6, 7, 8, 9,10
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): AR, AZ, CA, CO, IA, ID, KS, LA,
MO, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, OK,
OR, SD, TX, UT, WA, WY
Project Officer Principal Investigator
William Kepner Carl A. Fox
EMSL-LV DRI
(702) 798-3193 (702) 673-7322
FTS 545-2193
Objectives
Develop a comprehensive integrated plan for monitoring and assessing ecological
condition in arid ecosystems. The plan will address monitoring for deserts,
grasslands, chaparral woodlands, prairies, and pinyon-juniper communities.
Work Plan
No large-scale (regional) research plan for ecological monitoring currently exists
for arid ecosystems in the United States. This project is being accomplished
through a series of meetings and workshops involving scientists from EPA and
other agencies, universities, and institutes. Components of the National Monitor-
ing Plan will include an evaluation of existing data and development of a monitor-
ing network design, lists of priority ecological indicators, a field sampling design, a
logistics plan, analytical and measurement techniques, an information management
plan (including quality assurance/quality control), and analytical and assessment re-
porting formats. The plan was peer reviewed in March 1991 in conjunction with
peer reviews of the monitoring plans for EMAP-Agroecosystems and EMAP-
Forests. This joint review served to promote consistency among the three
terrestrial monitoring plans and approaches. This plan will be the foundation for
implementation of ecological monitoring by EMAP-Arid Lands.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Draft monitoring plan 3/91
• Peer review 3/91
• National Monitoring Plan for Arid Lands 4/91
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Arid Lands Resource Monitoring
Riparian Pilot Study Plan
Project Code: AL-91 -002 EPA Region(s): 6, 9
Period of Performance: 1991 Sfafefs;.- AR, AZ, CA, LA, NM, NV, OK, TX
Project Officer Principal Investigator
William Kepner Carl A. Fox
EMSL-LV DRI
(702) 798-3193 (702) 673-7322
FTS 545-2193
Objectives
Develop a plan for implementing a pilot study in FY92 that will evaluate monitoring
network design, logistics, sampling methodologies, ecological indicators, informa-
tion management, quality assurance/quality control procedures, and integration of
existing data and monitoring systems for riparian ecosystems. Evaluate data anal-
ysis techniques and reporting formats for expected assessment documents.
Work Plan
This project will be accomplished through a series of interactive meetings and
workshops involving the Arid Lands, Surface Waters, and Wetlands Resource
Groups; EPA and other federal and state agencies (e.g., the Bureau of Land Man-
agement); and university scientists. The pilot study plan will include strategies and
procedures for regional assessment design, characterization, classification, sam-
pling, logistics, information management, integration, and analysis. Specific sites
and ecological indicators will be selected on a regional scale to develop assess-
ment methodologies. Appropriate interagency agreements will be developed in
order to ensure integration with existing monitoring networks.
Deliverables/Milestones
• Draft pi lot study plan
• Review of study plan
• Final study plan
Time Frame
4/91
a/91
10/91
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Resource Monitoring Arid Lands
Arid Lands Integrated Assessment Design
Project Code: AL-91 -003 EPA Regionfs): All
Period of Performance: 1991 State(s): All
Project Officer Principal Investigator
William Kepner Carl A. Fox
EMSL-LV DRI
(702) 798-3193 (702) 673-7322
FTS 545-2193
Objectives
Develop a conceptual approach and sampling framework for integrating historical,
current, and proposed environmental data into an assessment of ecological condi-
tion for arid ecosystems. The developed design will serve as the basis for Annual
Statistical Summaries and Interpretive Assessments for EMAP-Arid Lands.
Work Plan
Existing monitoring networks, data bases, and research programs will be evaluated
by scientists from EPA, other federal and state agencies, and universities/research
institutions to determine their appropriateness for incorporation into EMAP-Arid
Lands. Indicators and data sets that are retrospective, field sampling based, or syn-
optic will be integrated to provide a methodology for determining the spatial and
temporal variability (i.e., status, extent, and trends) of resources important to moni-
toring arid lands. A strategy for using the current EMAP network design and infor-
mation gathered by EMAP-Landscape Characterization will be developed and in-
corporated into the assessment design for EMAP-Arid Lands.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Integrated design for assessing the condition of arid lands 10/91
(journal article)
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Arid Lands Resource Monitoring
Example Annual Statistical Summary for Arid Lands
Project Code: AL-90-004 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
William Kepner Carl A. Fox
EMSL-LV DRI
(702) 798-3193 (702) 673-7322
FTS 545-2193
Objectives
The objective of this project is to produce an example of an annual statistical sum-
mary for arid lands. Selected stress, exposure, and response indicators are used to
illustrate how information on the condition of arid lands can be presented annually
to decisionmakers and the public. The example presentation formats will enable
effective communication between the Arid Lands Resource Group and the intended
audiences.
Work Plan
A series of questions and issues relevant to arid ecosystems is being used to de-
velop an example of an annual statistical summary on the condition of arid lands.
Examples for indicators of changes in land uses, changes in stressors, changes in
exposure (e.g., air pollutant concentrations), and changes in ecological condition
(functional and structural changes in ecosystems) are presented. The report is
written for policymakers and the public. For future summaries, existing data, data
generated from landscape characterization, and simulated data will be used to re-
fine presentation and reporting techniques applicable at regional or biome scales,
unless data are only available for smaller areas (e.g., vegetation associations).
These presentation formats will include stacked bar charts showing the proportion
of different types of arid lands in nominal, marginal, or subnominal categories for
selected indicators; spatial maps showing the geographic distribution of indicators
in these various categories; pie charts; time trends in indicators; and other tech-
niques for displaying indicators of condition in arid lands.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Final annual statistical summary example for arid lands 4/91
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Resource Monitoring Forests
Section 2.3: Forests
Development and Peer Review of National
Monitoring Strategy and Plan for Forests
Project Code: FR-90-001 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): All
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Dan Heggem Barry Martin Mike Papp Kurt Riitters
EMSL-LV AREAL LESC METI
(702)798-2278 (919)541-4386 (702)734-3334 (919)541-1935
FTS 545-2278 FTS 629-4386
Spence Peterson Tim Strickland
ERL-C METI
(503) 757-4666 (503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Objective
Develop a master plan for a national forest health monitoring program that repre-
sents a joint effort between the USDA Forest Service and EPA. This plan will pro-
vide a comprehensive strategy for forest monitoring in the United States.
Work Plan
The USDA Forest Service (USDA-FS) and EPA are developing a joint national forest
health monitoring program. This effort is being accomplished through a number of
meetings and workshops involving USDA-FS and EPA scientists. Accommodating
the monitoring needs of both agencies is a high priority. For example, it is likely
that EMAP will use USDA-FS Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) sampling plots as
its basis; selection of FIA sites is compatible with the proposed EMAP systematic
grid. Several components of the plan are being developed by work groups con-
sisting of scientists from both agencies. These components include a list of forest
classes and indicators to be measured, a sampling design, a total quality manage-
ment plan, a logistics plan, a description of the relationship of EMAP-Forests sam-
pling to EMAP-Landscape Characterization, and a description of assessment, data
base management, and reporting activities. The development of the plan is two-
staged: (1) development of a monitoring and research strategy document that ad-
dresses the USDA-FS/EPA concepts formulated to date and those anticipated to be
formulated over the next five years and (2) development of the national monitoring
plan. The monitoring and research strategy document is being prepared principally
by EPA individuals, and the national monitoring plan is being prepared jointly by
EPA and the USDA Forest Service. The strategy was reviewed in March 1991 in
conjunction with peer reviews of the monitoring plans for EMAP-Agroecosystems
and EMAP-Arid Lands. This joint review served to promote consistency among the
three terrestrial monitoring plans and approaches.
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Forests Resource Monitoring
Deliverables/Milestones
• Indicators for monitoring ecological condition in forests
(journal article)
Draft monitoring and research strategy
Peer review
EMAP-Forests Monitoring Strategy for FY91
Draft national monitoring plan for forests
Peer review
Final National Monitoring Plan for Forests
Time Frame
11/90
3/91
3/91
4/91
2/92
3/92
4/92
Support for the USD A Forest Health Monitoring Program
Project Code: FR-90-002 EPA Region(s): 1, 2, 3, 4
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): AL, CT, DE, CA, MA, MD,
ME, NH, NJ, Rl, VA, VT
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Dan Heggem Barry Martin Mike Papp Kurt Riitters
EMSL-LV AREAL LESC METI
(702)798-2278 (919)541-4386 (702)734-3334 (919)541-1935
FTS 545-2278 FTS 629-4386
Spence Peterson Tim Strickland
ERL-C METI
(503) 757-4666 (503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Objective
In 1990 the USDA Forest Service and State governments, in cooperation with
EMAP-Forests, implemented monitoring in New England. Data on growth and the
visual symptoms indicator were collected on 266 plots. EMAP-Forests supported
this activity by developing the quality assurance program, acquiring and pro-
gramming portable data loggers, and assisting in the development of quality assur-
ance and methods manuals. The objective of this project is to continue to provide
such support for each region as the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program
moves toward full implementation.
Work Plan
In 1991, FHM is being implemented in New England, New Jersey, Maryland,
Delaware, Virginia, Georgia, and Alabama. EMAP-Forests is responsible for
(1) quality assurance and quality control, (2) sample preparation and laboratory
analyses, (3) procurement and programming of portable data logging equipment,
(4) assistance in developing field and analytical methods manuals, (5) global posi-
tioning system (GPS) and geographic information systems (CIS) support, and
(6) other activities for which EMAP-Forests has the expertise to assist FHM. The
field efforts for the project will be undertaken principally by the USDA Forest Ser-
vice in association with their Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. EMAP-
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Resource Monitoring Forests
Forests will evaluate (1) the effectiveness of the quality assurance and data base
management procedures and (2) existing data bases and select and use appropriate
auxiliary data to supplement indicator data collected in the field.
Deliverable*/Milestones Time Frame
• Regional Quality Assurance Project Plan 6/91
• Regional quality assurance officer training 6/91
• Methods manuals and standard operating procedures 6/91
• Data base evaluation and review 12/91
• Analysis complete 5/92
Regional Demonstrations of Forest Health Monitoring Approaches
Project Code: FR-91 -003 EPA Region(s): 1, 4
Period of Performance: 1991-1992 State(s): AL, CT, GA, MA, ME, NH,
Rl, VT
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Barry Martin Spence Peterson Kurt Riitters Tim Strickland
AREAL ERL-C METI METI
(919)541-4386 (503)757-4666 (919)541-1935 (503)757-4666
FTS 629-4386 FTS 545-4666
Dan Heggem Mike Papp
EMSL-LV LESC
(702) 798-2278 (702) 734-3334
FTS 545-2278
Objective
Identify and evaluate associations among developmental indicators for implemen-
tation in full-scale field monitoring. Data will support the production of annual sta-
tistical summaries for EMAP-Forests.
Work Plan
In 1991, the Forests Resource Group, in cooperation with the USDA Forest Service
and State governments, will participate in regional demonstration projects in New
England (51 sites), Georgia (37 sites), and Alabama (35 sites). Forest classes in se-
lected hexagonal areas will be sampled by using the EMAP design, and data will be
collected for a set of indicators. EMAP-Forests is responsible for developing the
plan for the demonstration projects, which will be implemented after extensive re-
views of the plan by both agencies. EMAP-Forests is responsible for (1) implemen-
tation plans and procedures, (2) quality assurance and quality control, (3) logistics,
(4) data collection, (5) information management, (6) sample preparation and labora-
tory analysis, and (7) data analysis and reporting. The field efforts associated with
the projects will be undertaken principally by the State Forest Service, the USDA
Forest Service, and the USDA Soil Conservation Service. Several research indica-
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Forests Resource Monitoring
tors also will be tested as part of these demonstration projects at approximately 40
sites (20 in New England and 20 in Georgia and Alabama).
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Implementation plan 5/91
• Methods manual 5/91
• Field sampling manual 6/91
• Quality assurance plan 6/91
• Report on results 7/92
Forest Health Monitoring Plot Design and Logistics Study
Project Code: FR-90-004 £PA Kegion(s): 1,3
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): CT, MA, ME, NH, Rl, VA,
VT
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Barry Martin Dan Heggem Kurt Riitters Mike Papp
AREAL EMSL-LV METI LESC
(919)541-4386 (702)798-2278 (919)541-1935 (702)734-3334
FTS 629-4386 FTS 545-2278
Spence Peterson Tim Strickland
ERL-C METI
(503) 757-4666 (503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Objectives
The purposes of the joint 1990 USDA-FS/EPA study on plot design and logistics
were to (1) provide field data that would enable the costs and practicality of various
measurements of forest condition to be assessed and (2) identify important sources
of variation in the measurements for two major forest classes. The objectives of
this project are to summarize the findings for each measurement tested and to
synthesize the summary information and discuss its implications for plot design and
logistics with respect to monitoring.
Work Plan
Field work was completed in FY90, and laboratory analyses will be completed in
early FY91. Investigators from three EPA Laboratories and the USDA-FS will ana-
lyze their specific measurements and contribute to a summary report This sum-
mary report will be supplemented by reports covering logistics, quality assurance,
information management, and plot design, which will be incorporated into the
summary report The analyses and formats will be coordinated through periodic
conference calls, memoranda, and meetings, as necessary. The first complete
draft is expected in June 1991, and a peer-reviewed version is scheduled for Octo-
ber 1991 delivery.
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Resource Monitoring Forests
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Summary report on results of FMM plot design and logistics 10/91
study
Statistical Summary of the 1990 New England Forest Health Monitoring Survey
Project Code: FR-91 -005 EPA Region(s): 1
Period of Performance: 1991 State(s): CT, MA, ME, NH, Rl, VT
Project Officers Principal Investigator
Robert Brooks Barry Martin Kurt Riliters
USDA-Forest Service AREAL METI
Amherst, MA (919) 541 -4386 (919) 541 -1935
(413) 545-1845 FTS 629-4386
Objective
Report on the findings of the 1990 New England Forest Health Monitoring Project
through the production of a statistical summary (See also Project FR-90-002).
Work Plan
In 1990, the USDA Forest Service and State governments, in cooperation with
EMAP-Forests, implemented monitoring in New England. Data on growth and the
visual symptoms indicator were collected on 266 plots. These data, along with air
and deposition data, will be evaluated and summarized, and a statistical summary
report produced. The report will include descriptive statistics to illustrate the land-
scape- and regional-scale patterns of forest ecological condition. The descriptive
statistics will be presented for each major forest class in a region with spatial maps
showing distribution of various condition indicators. EMAP-Forests will assist in the
development of this report. The report will undergo external peer review as well
as extensive reviews by both agencies.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• First annual statistical summary - New England 8/91
• Final report on the EMAP-Forests Pilot Project in the 10/91
northeastern United States
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Forests Resource Monitoring
Example Annual Statistical Summary for Forest Resources
Project Code: FR-90-006 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990 State(s): NA
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Barry Martin Spence Peterson Kurt Riitters Tim Strickland
AREAL ERL-C METI METI
(919)541-4386 (503)757-4666 (919)541-1935 (503)757-4666
FTS 629-4386 FTS 545-4666
Dan Heggem Mike Papp
EMSL-LV LESC
(702) 798-2278 (702) 734-3334
FTS 545-2278
Objectives
The objective of this project was to produce an example of an annual statistical
summary for the types of data to be generated by EMAP-Forests. Selected stress,
exposure, and response indicators were used to illustrate how information on the
condition of forest resources will be presented annually to decisionmakers and the
public. The example presentation formats are intended to foster more effective
communication between EMAP-Forests and the intended audiences on how EMAP
data will be displayed.
Work Plan
Existing and synthetic data were presented for selected stress, exposure, and re-
sponse indicators for forest resources. The report illustrates how forest condition
indicators might be displayed and presented once the EMAP forest monitoring
network is fully implemented. As such, it is intended only as an example of an an-
nual statistical summary. The example summary includes descriptive statistics on
landscape- and regional-scale patterns of forest condition that can be obtained from
the EMAP network design. These descriptive statistics are presented as (1) pie
charts of forest condition (e.g., good, marginal, poor) for each major forest class in
a region, (2) spatial maps showing the geographic distribution of various condition
indicators, (3) histograms and line graphs showing trends in forest condition indica-
tors over time, (4) cumulative frequency distributions showing the proportion of
the forest resource as a function of the condition indicator, and (5) other popula-
tion-based presentation formats. The example summary presents the types of
questions EMAP has been designed to answer, how the data will be displayed in
future annual summaries that use authentic data, and the general format of an
annual statistical summary. This example summary is used to initiate discussions
with scientific administrators, policy analysts, and various public organizations on
effective techniques for displaying and presenting EMAP data.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Final annual statistical summary example for forests 11/90
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Resource Monitoring Estuaries
Section 2.4: Estuaries
Development of a Near Coastal Monitoring Implementation Plan
Project Code: ES-90-001 EPA Region(s): 1, 2, 3
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): CT, DE, MA, MD, NJ, NY, PA,
Rl, VA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
John F. Paul A.F. Holland
ERL-N Versar, Inc.
(401)782-3037 (301)964-9200
FTS 838-6037
Objectives
Develop a research plan that describes the implementation of EMAP for near
coastal ecosystems. The plan will be consistent with the overall objectives of
EMAP, but will describe in detail how the regional implementation will proceed in
near coastal ecosystems, starting with the estuaries in the Virginian Biogeographic
Province (Cape Hatteras to Cape Cod) in FY90. The plan will be developed in
concert with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Na-
tional Status and Trends Program.
Work Plan
A research plan was prepared that details how the Program objectives of EMAP
can be implemented on a regional basis for the estuaries of the conterminous
United States. Several one-day workshops were held with scientists from aca-
demia and federal, regional, and state agencies to review indicators appropriate for
implementation. A panel of recognized estuarine scientists has been convened to
serve as a technical steering committee during the implementation of the Near
Coastal Demonstration Project in the estuaries of the Virginian Province. This
panel has peer reviewed the program plan and will provide technical oversight as
the information from the Demonstration Project is analyzed, assessments with the
data are conducted, and national-scale implementation activities are recommended.
Coordination of the Near Coastal Plan with NOAA will be handled through the
EPA/NOAA Joint Committee for Coastal and Marine Environmental Quality Moni-
toring.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Draft near coastal implementation plan 3/90
• Peer review of near coastal implementation plan 4/90
• Final Research Plan for EMAP-Near Coastal Monitoring and 4/91
Assessment Program
• Revised Near Coastal Quality Assurance Plan 5/91
• Revised Near Coastal Data Management Plan 6/91
• Revised Near Coastal Methods Manual 7/91
• Recommendations for national-scale implementation of EMAP 10/91
in estuaries
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Estuaries Resource Monitoring
Virginian Province Demonstration Project
Project Code: ES-90-002 EPA Region(s): 1, 2, 3
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): CT, DE, MA, MD, NJ, NY, PA,
Rl, VA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Steven C. Schimmel Steven C. Schimmel
ERL-N ERL-N
(401) 782-3078 (401) 782-3078
FTS 838-6078 FTS 838-6078
Objectives
Address EMAP objectives by implementing a regional-scale demonstration project
in the estuaries of the Virginian Biogeographic Province (Cape Hatteras to Cape
Cod). As part of this Demonstration Project, the utility, sensitivity, and applicability
of the selected EMAP estuarine indicators will be evaluated on a regional scale;
standardized methods for indicator measurements that can be transferred to other
study areas and made available for other monitoring efforts will be developed; the
effectiveness of the EMAP network design for quantifying the extent and magni-
tude of pollution problems in the near coastal environment will be determined; lo-
gistical issues associated with implementing the network design will be identified
and potentially resolved; the usefulness of results for planning, priority setting, and
determining the effectiveness of pollution control actions will be demonstrated; and
the value of the EMAP approach and regional-scale assessments will be demon-
strated.
Work Plan
An implementation plan describing how to conduct a monitoring and assessment
program that is consistent with the objectives of EMAP was developed from a
number of workshops and interagency discussions. Existing data and information
from the Virginian Province were used to select appropriate indicators; demonstra-
tion assessments were performed with the selected indicators to ensure they were
appropriate with respect to the overall Program objectives. Development of the
implementation plan included other activities such as preparation of field and labo-
ratory methods manuals, quality assurance plans and manuals, and logistics plans.
These activities were coordinated with other ongoing activities in EMAP to ensure
Program-level compatibility. An operational data management system was devel-
oped, reviewed, and implemented. After all of the plans associated with this
Demonstration Project had been reviewed and approved, the field component was
initiated during the summer of 1990.
Samples collected during the 1990 field activities are being processed and will be
analyzed to test the utility of the measurements conducted. Assessments will be
conducted to report on the status of the estuaries in the Virginian Province. A pre-
liminary report on the field activities of this Demonstration Project will be ready for
review in February 1991; a final report on the Demonstration Project will be deliv-
ered in October 1991.
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Resource Monitoring Estuaries
Deliverable*/Milestones Time Frame
• Methods manuals for the Demonstration Project 4/90
• Quality assurance plan for the Demonstration Project 4/90
• Implementation plan for the Demonstration Project 6/90
• Data management system for the Demonstration Project 8/90
• Preliminary report on the Demonstration Project 2/91
• Implementation Plan for Virginian Province Monitoring in 5/91
FY91
• Final report on the Demonstration Project 10/91
• Report on the 1991 field activities in the Virginian Province 11/91
• Data summary on 1991 monitoring in the Virginian Province 2/92
• Statistical summary for data collected in 1991 in the Virginian 6/92
Province
Louisianian Province Demonstration Project
Project Code: ES-90-003 EPA Region(s): 4, 6
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): AL, FL, LA, MS, TX
Project Officer Principal Investigator
J. Kevin Summers J. Kevin Summers
ERL-CB ERL-GB
(904) 934-9200 (904) 934-9200
FTS 228-9200 FTS 228-9200
Objectives
Continue with the regional implementation plan in estuaries by conducting a
demonstration project in the Louisianian Biogeographic Province (Gulf of Mexico)
inFY91.
Work Plan
Using the experience gained in the preparation of the research plan for the
Demonstration Project in the Virginian Province, an implementation plan will be
developed for the Louisianian Province. This plan will be consistent with the
overall objectives delineated in the Near Coastal Program Plan, but will incorporate
province-specific needs and experience. The measurements taken during the Vir-
ginian Province monitoring activities will serve as a starting point for indicator se-
lection. It is anticipated that a core set of indicators will be common among the
regions, but region-specific indicators may also need to be identified. The work
conducted in the Demonstration Project in the Virginian Province for preparation of
field and laboratory manuals, quality assurance plans and manuals, logistics plans,
and data base management systems will enable the implementation in the Louisia-
nian Province to proceed in an orderly fashion. Monitoring in the Gulf of Mexico
will be initiated in FY91, with the first assessment report available in FY92.
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Estuaries Resource Monitoring
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Draft program plan for the Louisianian Province Demonstration 10/90
Project
• Final program plan for the Louisianian Province Demonstration 4/91
Project
• Training manual for 1991 Louisianian Province monitoring 5/91
activities
• Quality assurance plan for 1991 Louisianian Province 5/91
monitoring activities
• Data management plan for 1991 Louisianian Province 5/91
monitoring activities
• Revised methods manual for use in 1991 Louisianian Province 6/91
monitoring activities
• Field operations manual for 1991 Louisianian Province 6/91
monitoring activities
• Initiation of Louisianian Province field sampling 6/91
• Preliminary report on the Louisianian Province Demonstration 2/92
Project
• Final report on the Louisianian Province Demonstration Project 10/92
Carolinian Province Demonstration Project
Project Code: ES-91-004 EPA Region(s): 3,4
Period of Performance: 1991-1994 State(s): FL, CA, NC, SC, VA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
John F. Paul Andrew Robertson
ERL-N NOAA/NOS
(401) 782-3037 (301) 443-8933
FTS 838-6037 FTS 443-8933
Objectives
Continue with the regional implementation plan in estuaries by conducting a
demonstration project in the Carolinian Biogeographic Province (South Atlantic) in
FY93.
Work Plan
Using the experience developed in the preparation of the research plan for the
Near Coastal Demonstration Projects in the Virginian and Louisianian Provinces, an
implementation plan will be developed for the Carolinian Province. This plan will
be consistent with the overall objectives delineated in the Near Coastal Program
Plan, but will incorporate province-specific needs and experience. The measure-
ments taken during the Virginian and Louisianian Province monitoring activities will
serve as a starting point for indicator selection. It is anticipated that a core set of
indicators will be common among the regions, but region-specific indicators may
also need to be identified. The work conducted in the Demonstration Projects in
the Virginian and Louisianian Provinces for preparation of field and laboratory man-
uals, quality assurance plans and manuals, logistics plans, and data base manage-
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Resource Monitoring Estuaries
ment systems will enable the implementation in the Carolinian Province to proceed
in an orderly fashion. Monitoring in the South Atlantic will be initiated in FY93, with
the first assessment report available in FY94.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Draft program plan for the Carolinian Province Demonstration 10/92
Project
• Implementation plan for the Carolinian Province 2/93
Demonstration Project
• Final program plan for the Carolinian Province Demonstration 3/93
Project
• Initiation of Carolinian Province field sampling 6/93
• Preliminary report on the Carolinian Province Demonstration 2/94
Project
• Final report on the Carolinian Province Demonstration Project 10/94
Near Coastal Example Interpretive Assessment
Project Code: ES-90-005 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Jay Messer A.F. Holland
AREAL Versar, Inc.
(919) 541 -0150 (301) 964-9200
FTS 629-0150
Objectives
The EMAP approach was evaluated in the Demonstration Project in the Virginian
Biogeographic Province in the summer of 1990. An example interpretive assess-
ment was produced to show how EMAP-Estuaries data might be displayed and
used to answer assessment questions related to estuaries. Issues addressed in-
clude (1) the current status of estuaries and (2) the relationships between watershed
land use or atmospheric deposition and estuarine conditions that might explain ob-
served patterns or trends in regional estuarine condition.
Work Plan
A synthetic data set of dissolved oxygen patterns in the Chesapeake Bay and other
large estuaries, along with a Monte Carlo sampling algorithm, was used to refine
the network sampling approach with respect to sampling frequency, duration, and
temporal and spatial variability. This synthetic data set was augmented with data
on response indicators such as benthic species composition,, exposure indicators
such as sediment contaminant levels, and stress indicators such as land use and
atmospheric deposition. The synthetic data set was modified to reflect the distribu-
tion of system attributes ranging from small to large estuaries and the distribution of
land use and deposition species typical of the Virginian Province. Existing data
were screened for indicator ranges, station locations, sampling frequency, period
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Estuaries Resource Monitoring
of record, and system types, and also were used to augment the synthetic data set.
The data set was formulated to contain realistic associations among response indi-
cators and among exposure and response indicators. Samples were drawn from
this data set using an interpenetrating frame. Association analyses such as regres-
sion and cluster analyses were used to determine relationships among indicators
and to test detectability of trends using different levels of spatial/temporal variability
in the data. The synthetic data set also was used to investigate the associations
between watershed land use and nutrient loadings, nutrient loadings and response
indicators, and watershed land use and response indicators. Relationships between
atmospheric deposition response surfaces and the distribution of response indica-
tors were evaluated using pattern recognition analyses.
This information was presented in the form of an example interpretive assessment,
which emphasizes presentation of the results - how these data can be displayed to
show current status and trends in indicators of ecological condition. Distribution
functions can be used to indicate the proportion of estuaries in a region with indica-
tor values less than some criterion value; pie charts and stacked bar charts can be
used to indicate the proportion of estuaries with values of response or exposure
indicators in various categories; and spatial displays (e.g., maps) can be used to
identify patterns in stress, exposure, and response indicators with values in various
categories. Trends in indicator values might be presented as changes in lower
quartile or median values through time or changes in categories in stacked bar
charts. This report provides an example of the questions EMAP can and cannot an-
swer, the presentation of data to decisionmakers, and potential refinements in the
network design.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Example interpretive assessment for estuaries 2/91
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Resource Monitoring Great Lakes
Section 2.5: Great Lakes
Great Lakes Demonstration Project
Project Code: CL-91 -001 EPA Region(s): 2, 3, 5
Period of Performance: 1991-1994 Stated): IL, IN, Ml, MM, NY, OH, PA, Wl
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Steven F. Hedtke Steven F. Hedtke
ERL-D ERL-D
(218) 720-5610 (218) 720-5610
FTS 780-5610 FTS 780-5610
Objectives
Address EMAP objectives through the development and implementation of a
demonstration project in one of the Great Lakes. As part of this demonstration pro-
ject, indicators and sampling design options will be evaluated and tested. Plans for
implementation in all of the Great Lakes will be developed.
Work Plan
A compilation and review of current monitoring activities in the Great Lakes will be
conducted. Components necessary to EMAP but not in current programs will be
identified, and the research needed to address these components will be deter-
mined. The resultant plan will describe a phased approach to evaluating indicators
and design options through pilot studies in one of the lower and one or the upper
Great Lakes. Following successful completion and evaluation of the pilot studies, a
demonstration project in one of the lower Great Lakes will be conducted. Plans for
implementation in all five Great Lakes will be developed. Planning and implemen-
tation of the demonstration project will be a cooperative effort with the U.S. EPA
Great Lakes National Program Office.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Draft program plan for conducting a pilot study in the Great 11/91
Lakes
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Surface Waters Resource Monitoring
Section 2.6: Surface Waters
Assessment of Changes in Surface Water Chemistry
Project Code: SW-90-001 EPA Region(s): 1,2
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, Rl, VT
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Daniel McKenzie John Stoddard
ERL-C METI
(503) 757-4666 (503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666 FTS 420-4666
Objectives
Monitor the effects of acidic deposition on surface waters to provide regional
assessments of patterns and trends in surface water chemistry in the low acid neu-
tralizing capacity (ANC) systems of approximately 10 regions of the nation.
A specific objective of this task is to assess the relationship between changes in
regional acidic deposition and changes in regional surface water condition.
Work Plan
The foundation of the project is a spatially extensive network of low ANC surface
water sites (both lakes and streams), which are sampled annually for complete
major ion chemistry, aluminum species, dissolved carbon, and several other vari-
ables likely to respond to changes in acidic deposition. Regions selected for moni-
toring are those expected to experience changes in the amount of acidic deposi-
tion they receive, as a result of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (e.g., the
Northeast), or those that are expected to be unaffected by new regulations (e.g.,
the West). Information from these spatially extensive sites is used to determine
regional changes in acid-base status, which can be related to regional changes in
sulfur, nitrogen, and base cation deposition.
In addition, the monitoring network includes a small number of sites in each region
that are sampled more than once per year. These sites are associated in a statisti-
cally rigorous manner with subpopulations of sites in the spatially extensive net-
work. Data from these sites are used to assess changes in surface waters in non-
index periods (e.g., changes in the frequency and extent of spring acidic episodes)
and to help interpret regional changes observed in the spatially extensive network.
Regions are prioritized to allow phased implementation of sampling at both types
of sites.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Data user's guide to the Long-Term Monitoring Program: 11/90
Quality assurance plan and data dictionary
• Statistical summary of long-term monitoring data (LTM data 12/90
report)
• Special issue of the Journal of Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: 6/91
Synthesis of Acid Deposition Long-term Monitoring Data
Through 1989 (10 papers)
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Resource Monitoring Surface Waters
Strategy for Using Indicators to Assess Surface Water Condition
Project Code: SW-90-002 EPA Kegion(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): All
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Daniel McKenzie Robert Hughes
ERL-C METI
(503) 757-4666 (503) 757^666
FTS 420-4666 FTS 420-4666
Objectives
Develop a comprehensive strategy for using indicators to assess surface water
condition; define and implement a process for selecting a core set of currently
available indicators of surface water condition; and establish and implement a strat-
egy for improving upon existing indicators and developing new indicators of sur-
face water condition.
Work Plan
Producing an assessment of surface water condition requires a comprehensive
strategy for selecting from the myriad of measurements that can be made and re-
ducing these data into a concise statement about surface water condition. End-
points that reflect societal and scientific concerns about surface water condition are
being examined. A combination of biological, chemical, and physical measure-
ments, analyses, and indices is being studied to address these concerns. Through
the use of literature, existing data bases, and field tests, the Surface Waters Re-
source Group is developing an indicator strategy, evaluating the suitability of pro-
posed indicators, determining expected spatial and temporal variability, developing
regional modifications for selected indicators, and selecting the most appropriate
criteria for establishing a nominal-subnominal boundary for each indicator. The
long-term program includes improving existing indicators, developing new indica-
tors, and incorporating these indicators into EMAP. This work is being performed
in coordination with aquatic scientists in other federal and state agencies.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Strategy and priorities for developing indicators of surface 7/91
water condition
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Surface Waters Resource Monitoring
Design and Implementation of Surface Water Monitoring
Project Code: SW-90-003 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): All
Project Officer Principal Investigators
Daniel McKenzie Steven Paulsen Phil Larsen
ERL-C ERC-UNLV ERL-C
(503) 757-4666 (503) 757-4666 (503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666 FTS 420-4666 FTS 420-4666
Objectives
Design and plan the implementation of a national surface water status and trends
program. A framework is being developed that will enable use of biological,
chemical, and physical indicators to quantify the current regional and national eco-
logical condition of lakes and streams as well as changes or trends in these condi-
tions. A long-term monitoring program based on this design is being implemented
and, in conjunction with the indicator strategy, will produce annual reports on the
condition of surface waters and plausible explanations of this current condition or
changes in condition.
Work Plan
The Surface Waters Resource Group is evaluating the EMAP design in order to en-
sure that the objectives and approach for monitoring and assessment of surface
waters are consistent with the overall Program. Source materials for identifying
lake and stream resources are being collected; rules for selecting lake and stream
sample units and their inclusion probabilities, subpopulation classifications, and
hexagon and watershed characterization requirements are being identified; and
implementation guidelines are being developed. The rules and guidelines will be
tested during a lake demonstration project to be conducted in the Northeast in
FY91; a stream pilot is being planned as a future effort. Subsequent annual surveys
of a set of biological, chemical, and physical indicators in these aquatic resources
will provide data for estimates of national and regional conditions that will be re-
ported annually. More in-depth interpretive reports will be produced on a regular
but less frequent basis.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• EMAP strategy for surface water monitoring 2/91
• Association of surface water condition with potential stresses 8/91
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Resource Monitoring Surface Waters
Logistics and Total Quality Management for EMAP-Surface Waters
Project Code: SW-90-004 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): All
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Daniel McKenzie John Baker
ERL-C LESC
(503) 757-4666 (702) 734-3253
FTS 420-4666
Objectives
Develop and implement the long-term logistics and total quality management ap-
proach for EMAP-Surface Waters.
Work Plan
EMAP-Surface Waters is implementing a long-term, national effort to monitor the
biological, chemical, and physical condition of a statistically representative subset
of the nation's lakes and streams each year. This effort poses considerable logisti-
cal and quality assurance challenges. Sampling these systems consistently and
comparably across the country during a short index period each summer will be
difficult. Working with federal, state, and private organizations, a comprehensive
plan is being developed and implemented for gaining site access and coordinating
field logistics; identifying field and laboratory procedures and analyses; training field
crews; handling sample transport; and tracking, analyzing, and retrieving data. An
extensive effort devoted to data quality assurance has begun with the development
of data quality objectives, to be established prior to field implementation. Proce-
dures for tracking the quality of data at various locations (quality control) are being
developed, refined, and implemented. The approach and statistical procedures for
assessing data quality are being identified, developed, and implemented. Because
of the emphasis on biological indicators in EMAP, particular attention is being given
to the control and assessment of the quality of quantitative and descriptive biologi-
cal data. Total quality management is an integral part of the Surface Waters Re-
source Group. The concepts of quality control, assessment, and improvement are
being extended from their applications in data quality to the entire Program.
Dellverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Final quality assurance plan for Northeast Lakes Pilot 4/91
• Information management plan for Northeast Lakes Pilot 5/91
• Implementation plan for Northeast Lakes Pilot 6/91
• Field operations manual for Northeast Lakes Pilot 6/91
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Surface Waters Resource Monitoring
Example Annual Statistical Summary for Surface Waters and Wetlands
Project Code: SW-90-005 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigators
Daniel McKenzie Steven Paulsen Nancy Leibowitz
ERL-C ERC-UNLV METI
(503) 757-4666 (503) 757-4666 (503) 753-6221
FTS 420-4666 FTS 420-4666 FTS 420-4666
Objectives
Produce an example of an annual statistical summary for surface waters and wet-
lands. Selected stress, exposure, and response indicators are being used to illus-
trate how information on the condition of surface waters and wetlands can be pre-
sented annually to decisionmakers and the public. The example presentation for-
mats enable effective communication between the Surface Waters and Wetlands
Resource Groups and the intended audiences.
Work Plan
The envisioned annual statistical summaries for EMAP-Surface Waters and Wet-
lands will be presented using data on indicators from existing sources and simu-
lated data sets. This example summary includes various types of data presentation
methods for selected response, exposure, and stress indicators. Hypothetical as-
sociations among indicators of ecological condition, land use, and other stressors
are displayed. Particular attention is devoted to identifying the most appropriate
levels of data aggregation, methods of presentation, and analytical tools to portray
relationships between anthropogenic stresses and regional and national condition
in wetlands, lakes, and streams. The example data are summarized and displayed
in a manner expected to be consistent with the needs of policymakers and the
public.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Final annual statistical summary example for surface waters 6/91
and wetlands
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Resource Monitoring Wetlands
Section 2.7: Wetlands
Development of Monitoring Strategies for Wetlands
Project Code: WL-90-001 EPA Region(s): 5, 6, 8,10
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): IL, LA, ND, SD, WA
Project Officer Principal Investigators
Daniel McKenzie Richard Novitzki
ERL-C METI
(503) 757-4666 (503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666 FTS 420-4666
Objectives
Develop and refine a national-scale monitoring and assessment plan for wetlands.
Evaluate the adequacy of the proposed EMAP design using existing digitized wet-
land maps developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetland In-
ventory. Plan ana initiate a pilot project to test indicators of wetland condition in
salt marsh systems of Louisiana. Evaluate (1) sensitivity of the proposed metrics for
detecting known levels of stress and (2) variability of proposed indicators of wet-
land condition. A design pilot and an indicator pilot will help refine EMAP-Wetlands
statistical frames, proposed indicators, and interpretive techniques needed for a full-
scale monitoring effort anticipated in the midwestern and southeastern United
States.
Work Plan
EMAP-Wetlands will (1) prepare a peer-reviewed research plan; (2) evaluate the
adequacy of the proposed EMAP design in the Design Evaluation Pilot, using digi-
tized wetland inventory data bases for the state of Illinois and portions of the states
of Washington, North Dakota, and South Dakota; and (3) test the sensitivity and
variability of proposed indicators of wetland condition in the Indicator Evaluation
Pilot in Louisiana. The Design Evaluation Pilot will be a coordinated effort among
EMAP-Wetlands, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetland Inventory, and
EMAP-Landscape Characterization. The proposed EMAP-Wetlands classification
and EMAP design grid density will be assessed. The Indicators Evaluation Pilot will
be a coordinated effort among EMAP-Wetlands, EMAP-Estuaries, and experts on
Louisiana wetlands. Both a peer-reviewed pilot project plan and quality assurance
plan will be prepared prior to field work. Interagency coordination with the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service will continue as each agency's role in monitoring wet-
lands is addressed and defined.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Research Plan for Monitoring Wetland Ecosystems 2/91
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Section 3: Coordination Activities
As mentioned in the Introduction, EMAP has created six groups dedicated to ensur-
ing that resource monitoring activities are conducted in a coordinated manner
among and between Resource Groups. These Coordination Groups - Statistics
and Design, Indicators, International Activities, Logistics, Total Quality Manage-
ment, and Technology Transfer - are charged with the responsibility of developing
standardized protocols and procedures for all aspects of monitoring and assess-
ment, from sampling design to data analysis and reporting, and ensuring such pro-
tocols are followed by all Resource Groups. By working closely with each Re-
source Group, the Coordination Groups have developed a better understanding of
the specific needs and objectives of the individual groups and how they fit into the
overall Program. Based on this interaction, the Coordination Groups have been
able to produce Program documents that provide guidance on design, indicators,
logistics, and quality assurance; in addition, these groups have offered support to
Resource Group planning and contributed valuable input to the individual research
plans. The following paragraphs summarize the steps being taken by these Coor-
dination Groups toward establishing a cohesive program.
The Statistics and Design Group (Section 3.1) prepared and is now refining an
EMAP design document, which describes the overall EMAP sampling design, ad-
dresses the design's flexibility, and discusses approaches for site selection. This
Group will also address specific design issues for each Resource Group as they
arise during implementation stages, and will assist in modifying and refining the
design framework for each resource monitoring effort, as needed. The Group will
ensure, however, that such adaptations comply with the overall framework so that
an integrated approach is maintained. To assess the precision and accuracy of the
design, this Group is also developing a statistical quality control strategy, applicable
to all Resource Group data collection and analysis activities. EMAP-Statistics and
Design will coordinate the implementation of the strategy by each Resource
Group. The practical application of statistics to enhance identification and assess-
ment of the magnitude of environmental problems is also being explored by this
Group. Finally, the Group has organized a panel of American Statistical Association
members to review all statistics and design activities and to establish a process for
peer review of statistical components of the Resource Groups' research plans. As
more Resource Groups take to the field in FY91, EMAP-Statistics and Design will
continue to evaluate and refine the rigorous, statistical monitoring sampling design
so that ecological status and trends can be estimated and assessed in the most ef-
fective manner.
Members of the Indicators Group (Section 3.2) have also made significant contri-
butions to the Program by producing two key documents: the Ecological Indica-
tors Report for the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program and the
Indicators Development Strategy for EMAP. The emphasis of the first document is
the approach to be used for describing ecological condition and defining a com-
mon indicator selection strategy to facilitate integration and coordination among
the Resource Groups. The second document focuses more on the criteria and
process for selecting, evaluating, and reevaluating indicators. The Indicators
Group will be responsible for assisting Resource Groups in the identification and
prioritization of indicators as well as determining current and anticipated require-
ments for assessing ecological condition. This Group will interact with the Re-
source Groups to ensure that appropriate indicators are developed and applied,
consistent with the overall EMAP indicator strategy. To obtain information on the
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Coordination Activities
identification, application, research, and monitoring aspects of ecological indicators,
an international symposium was held in October 1990. Presentations and contri-
butions by international participants in the research and policymaking communities
will aid EMAP-lndicators as plans are made for the future direction and priorities of
ecological indicator research and implementation.
The Logistics Croup (Section 3.3) has also prepared a guidance document, which
provides general information to each Resource Group for logistics planning. These
standard formats, checklists, and review procedures will ensure that a level of con-
sistency in logistics approaches among the Resource Groups will be maintained.
This Group is also addressing the importance of regional involvement in EMAP
field operations and, to this end, has prepared a logistics proposal to the EPA Re-
gional Offices. Another primary task of this Group is the determination of land
ownership and site access. EMAP-Logistics will continue to work closely with Re-
source Groups during implementation phases to address these and other logistical
issues.
Total Quality Management (Section 3.4) has focused much of its effort to date on
the preparation of documentation critical to Program-wide quality assurance
aspects. Of highest priority has been the development of the EMAP Quality Assur-
ance Program Plan, which presents an integrated strategy for guiding and coordi-
nating quality assurance activities across resource categories, regions, and moni-
toring programs. In FY91, the Group will be responsible for ensuring that the poli-
cies specified in the Plan are implemented and for providing support and guidance
to the Resource Groups as they prepare their individual quality assurance project
plans and methods manuals.
Effective communication of Program findings is the impetus behind the activities of
Technology Transfer (Section 3.5). This Group must ensure that appropriate and
accurate information is transmitted from EMAP to its wide spectrum of data users:
the public, decisionmakers who require information to set environmental policy,
program managers who must assign priorities to research and monitoring projects,
scientists who desire a broader understanding of ecosystems, and managers and
analysts who require an objective basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the na-
tion's environmental policies. Technology Transfer is responsible for keeping in-
terested parties informed about Program direction, current activities, significant ac-
complishments, and available products. In addition to this precise dissemination of
information, this Group must also coordinate communication among EMAP Senior
Managers and assist in the development of Program-wide policies and procedures
regarding the output of products, preparation of budgets and planned program ac-
complishments, and outyear planning. Finally, a critical task fulfilled by this Group
is the tracking, storage, and distribution of EMAP technical reports and products.
Although EMAP's goal is to monitor the condition of the nation's ecological re-
sources, the Program must not exclude the potential for expanding its concept on
an international basis. The prospect of global-scale environmental monitoring net-
works is not only alluring, but closer to reality with the ongoing work by EMAP. As
one of its first projects, the International Group (Section 3.6) is conducting a com-
prehensive water quality survey in Nepal. Several catchments will be sampled,
and water quality at these sites will be described and related to biological condition.
In addition, a rationale will be developed for a representative network of sites to be
established for monitoring pollution and ecological condition. Other international
activities are currently being considered for future projects.
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Coordination Activities
Interaction between the Coordination Groups and Resource Groups is necessary
to achieve an efficient and nonduplicative approach to meeting the goal and ob-
jectives of EMAP. Communication and cooperation among the six Coordination
Groups, however, is also critical for minimizing effort expended while maximizing
information gained by the Resource Groups. EMAP's success depends on the
complementary expertise as well as the combined efforts of these Groups. The
following Project Descriptors provide details of the ongoing and planned activities
of the Coordination Groups.
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Coordination Activities Statistics and Design
Section 3.1: Statistics and Design
Development of the EMAP Sampling Design Framework
Project Code: SD-90-001 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1993 State(s): All
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Anthony R. Olsen Don Stevens
ERL-C METI
(503) 757-4790 (503) 757-4542
FTS 420-4790 FTS 420-4542
Objectives
EMAP requires a rigorous, statistical, integrated monitoring sampling design
framework as the basis for estimating and assessing ecological status and trends on
a regional and national basis. The primary focus of this project is to specify and
evaluate the sampling design framework, determine the protocols for collecting
status and trends data, and define common data analysis methods applicable to the
design. The design must enable sampling of any spatially distributed and identifi-
able ecological resource without having an explicit sampling frame. The integrated
monitoring strategy is based on the following design criteria: consistent represen-
tation of environmental reality by use of probability samples, representation of all
ecological resources and environmental entities, provision for the capacity to re-
spond quickly to a new question or issue, and spatial distribution of the sample of
any resource according to the distribution of the resource.
Work Plan
The EMAP sampling design framework is being developed by a sampling design
group with experience in ecological survey statistical design. The first task com-
pleted was the development of a preliminary design framework. This framework is
serving as the basis for discussions with all EMAP Resource Groups for determina-
tion of their perspective and constraints. The first task will result in a technical re-
port describing the sampling design framework. Subsequent tasks will address
specific design issues identified during the conceptualization and initial implemen-
tation stages of the design by Resource Groups. One current specific task is the
development of a global triangular grid sampling framework that provides planar
projection surfaces with minimal distortion for subcontinental-sized areas on the
earth and flexible configurations for optimal placement in arbitrary locations.
The design development includes discussions with statistical design staffs of exist-
ing national monitoring programs. In addition, this project will identify for investi-
gation, and rely on the results from, many statistical research issues being ad-
dressed by Project ST-90-001, Statistical Research on Design Aspects of EMAP.
Detiverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Cartographic and geometric components of a global sampling 3/91
design for environmental monitoring (journal article)
• Integrated sampling design for EMAP 8/91
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Statistics and Design
Coordination Activities
Coordination of EMAP Sampling Design Implementation
Project Code: SD-90-002
Period of Performance: 1990-1993
Project Officer
Anthony R. Olsen
ERL-C
(503) 757-4790
FTS 420-4790
EPA Region(s): NA
Stated): NA
Principal Investigator
Anthony R. Olsen
ERL-C
(503) 757-4790
FTS 420-4790
Objectives
Provide the coordination and technical support required to ensure that the EMAP
sampling design framework is implemented by all EMAP Resource Groups.
Work Plan
The coordination required to implement the EMAP sampling design framework is
being accomplished by establishing a statistics and design team, composed of
EMAP-Statistics and Design and the lead statisticians from all EMAP Resource and
Task Groups. This team will implement and refine the design framework for each
resource monitoring effort. In addition, statistical design staff from cooperating
agencies will be integral members of the implementation process. Implementation
includes careful, explicit definition of resource populations, required level of land-
scape characterization and classification, development of resource sampling frames
integrated with a common EMAP sampling frame structure, selection procedures
for a double sample protocol for field sampling, and development of data analysis
procedures. The implementation process involves participation of the design team
during the development of Resource Group research plans, planning for pilot and
demonstration field studies, and evaluation of these studies for design refinement.
Deliverables/Milestones
• Report on technical design and analysis
Time Frame
8/91
Investigation of Statistical Issues in EMAP Quality Assurance
Project Code: SD-91 -003
Period of Performance: 1991 -1993
Project Officer
Anthony R. Olsen
ERL-C
(503) 757-4790
FTS 420-4790
EPA Reghn(s): NA
State(s): NA
Principal Investigator
John Flueck
ERC-UNLV
(702)597-4124
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Coordination Activities Statistics and Design
Objectives
EMAP requires not only a rigorous, statistical, integrated monitoring sampling
design, but also a quality assurance program that has statistical quality control
procedures that are consistent with the design. The objective of this project is to
develop a statistical quality control program that integrates the sampling design and
quality assurance programs to ensure that cost-effective quality assurance
programs are designed to produce required precision and accuracy information for
EMAP.
Work Plan
The project will develop a statistical quality control strategy for EMAP, including the
development of supplemental field sampling designs and laboratory quality control
analysis designs applicable to all Resource Group data collection and analysis
activities. The strategy will be consistent with the EMAP sampling design
framework and will be incorporated into the EMAP Quality Assurance Program
Plan. In addition, the project will coordinate the implementation of the strategy by
each Resource Group.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Total quality approach to environmental monitoring and 7/91
assessment (journal article)
• Proceedings paper on statistical thinking and tools for 8/91
improving excellence in ecological projects
American Statistical Association Review of EMAP Statistics and Design Activities
Project Code: SD-91-004 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1991-1993 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Anthony R. Olsen Barbara Bailar
ERL-C ASA
(503) 757-4790 (703) 684-1221
FTS 420-4790
Objectives
Provide for the review of all statistical analysis and sampling design activities
conducted by EMAP. The review process includes review of the EMAP sampling
design and analysis framework and review of statistical aspects of the design
implementation and operation.
Work Plan
A comprehensive program for review of all statistics and design activities has been
established to provide the oversight necessary for the successful implementation of
EMAP. A cooperative agreement with the American Statistical Association (ASA)
provides the foundation for the project. An ASA review panel has been established
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Statistics and Design Coordination Activities
to provide overall review, advice, and identification of statistical research issues
important to EMAP's success. In addition, the ASA in coordination with the review
panel will identify ASA representatives to be members of all EMAP Resource Croup
peer review panels.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Summary of ASA review of EMAP task group activities 8/91
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Coordination Activities Indicators
Section 3.2: Indicators
Research Strategy for Developing Indicators of Ecological Condition
Project Code: IN-90-001 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Anthony R. Olsen TBA
ERL-C
(503) 757-4790
FTS 420-4790
Objectives
The Ecological Indicators Report (EPA/600/3-90/060) for EMAP provides a conceptual
framework for what is meant by ecological condition, what techniques might be used
to measure it, and how such measurements might be used to provide explanations
for that condition through the use of association analyses. This project has two main
objectives: (1) to present general guidelines, criteria, and procedures for indicator
selection and evaluation and (2) to establish an organizational framework for coordi-
nating and integrating indicator development and use within EMAP.
Work Plan
The indicator development strategy provides overall general guidance for EMAP
Resource and Task Groups involved with development of indicators and is in-
tended to represent a consensus among participants in the groups. A workshop
was held in June 1990 to collect, generate, and discuss ideas. On the basis of this
workshop, and other information sources, a draft document was prepared and sent
to EMAP participants for comment, and the document has been finalized to reflect
all comments received. Major elements of the document include guidelines for
developing conceptual models that identify relationships between indicators and
assessment endpoints and values; criteria and processes for selecting, developing,
and evaluating indicators; a discussion of activities necessary for integration of indi-
cator use across Resource Groups; and a description of the roles and responsibili-
ties of the EMAP Technical Coordinator for Indicators.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Report on ecological indicators for determining the condition 7/90
of major ecosystems in the United States
• The Indicator Development Strategy for EMAP 2/91
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Indicators Coordination Activities
International Symposium on Ecological Indicators
Project Code: IN-90-002 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Daniel McKenzie Eric Hyatt
ERL-C AREAL
(503) 757-4666 (919) 541 -0673
FTS 420-4666 FTS 629-0673
Objectives
Organize and conduct an international symposium to exchange state-of-science in-
formation on the identification, application, research, and monitoring of ecological
indicators. Discuss how these indicators can be used within a regional/ national
monitoring program to interpret condition in ecological resources. Convene
international scientists, researchers, administrators, and policy makers to discuss
the need for a broader understanding of ecosystems and research priorities,
anticipating emerging environmental problems, and addressing national and
international monitoring, regulatory, and policy needs.
Work Plan
The International Symposium on Ecological Indicators was held October 16-19,
1990, in Fort Lauderdale, FL. The symposium was sponsored by the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
U.S. DOI Minerals Management Service, and USDA Agricultural Research Service.
The agenda included plenary sessions on the first day that addressed the need for
environmental monitoring and presented an overview of current programs, plus
the development of ecological indicators and their use in monitoring and regula-
tory programs. The second day presented concurrent sessions on the develop-
ment and application of indicators in specific resource categories: surface waters,
forests, estuaries, wetlands, agroecosystems, and arid lands. Presentations on the
third day addressed multiple scales (landscape, regional, and global) and uses and
interpretations of indicator information. Plenary sessions on the final day addressed
present and future ecological monitoring, including future directions and priorities
for ecological indicator research and implementation. Agency administrators,
members of Congress, international environmentalists, and distinguished scientists
were invited as speakers. A proceedings of the symposium is scheduled for com-
pletion in October 1991.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• International Symposium on Ecological Indicators 10/90
• Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ecological 10/91
Indicators
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Coordination Activities Logistics
Section 3.3: Logistics
Logistics Program Planning for EMAP
Project Code: LG-90-001 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): All
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Wes Kinney John Baker
EMSL-LV LESC
(702) 798-2671 (702) 734-3253
FTS 545-2671
Objectives
Provide guidance and support to the Resource Groups on aspects of field opera-
tions and enhance and economize EMAP field monitoring efforts through inte-
grated team approaches. A coordinated approach toward field operations
(logistics) will greatly enhance the effectiveness of data collection activities within
the overall EMAP effort.
Work Plan
This project's principal 1990 activities focused on the development of an EMAP lo-
gistics overview and guidance document. This document included standard for-
mats, checklists, and review processes for use by the Resource Groups in the de-
velopment of the logistics portions of their monitoring and implementation plans.
The information in this document will enable a level of consistency to be main-
tained in the approaches used for logistics and should ensure that all the essential
procedures are followed. The logistics plans will help to integrate the activities of
each of the Resource Groups by documenting and scheduling all implementation
activities.
In addition to the logistics overview and guidance document, the Logistics Group
has begun to develop several other key documents that will identify strategies for
making effective use of personnel in conducting field sampling operations. One of
these documents is an EMAP logistics proposal to the EPA Regional Offices. The
Regional Offices are expected to be an integral part of EPA's overall field opera-
tions. It is, therefore, important that the regions be involved in planning and im-
plementing EMAP monitoring activities. The EMAP logistics proposal to the EPA
Regions is the initial step toward regional involvement in EMAP field operations.
Working with the directors of the Regional Environmental Services Divisions, the
Logistics Group will begin to identify primary Regional contacts and define their
roles. These investigations will also assist in developing six-year options and alter-
natives for EMAP-Logistics.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Data base proprietary information strategy 3/90
• EMAP logistics overview and guidance document 7/90
• EMAP logistics proposal to EPA Regions 10/91
• Six-year options and alternatives for EMAP logistics 11/91
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Total Quality Management Coordination Activities
Section 3.4: Total Quality Management
Quality Assurance and Quality Control Program Planning for EMAP
Project Code: TQ-90-001 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Robert Graves Robert Craves
EMSL-C EMSL-C
(513)569-7315 (513)569-7315
FTS 684-7325 FTS 684-7325
Objectives
Provide guidance, support, and oversight on quality assurance (QA) and quality
control procedures and planning to the monitoring and assessment activities in
EMAP. This coordination will ensure that
1. data generated for EMAP are of sufficient quality to meet Program needs;
2. procedures and processes used in EMAP will produce the desired results;
3. procedures, processes, and data are sufficiently documented; and
4. data generated by one EMAP Resource Croup are adequately defined for
valid comparison with data generated by other EMAP Resource Croups.
Work Plan
The EMAP Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPP) is the foundation for QA activi-
ties within EMAP. This document not only reflects EMAP's commitment to quality
but also provides specific mechanisms and policy guidance by which quality can
be maintained, quantified, and documented. Because EMAP is an interdisciplinary
program of national scale, the QAPP presents an integrated strategy for guiding
and coordinating QA activities across resource categories, regions, and program-
matic lines. The Total Quality Management Group will concentrate its FY91 efforts
toward implementing the policies proffered in the QAPP. This plan will be updated
to integrate changes in Program management, structure-specific objectives, and
resources as experience dictates.
In addition to assuring compliance to the EMAP QAPP, the Total Quality Manage-
ment Group will provide specific guidance and support to EMAP data collection
and analysis activities. In 1991, the emphasis will be on providing support to the
EMAP Resource Groups. This support includes assistance in developing and re-
viewing QA project plans and methods manuals for Resource Group activities.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Quality Assurance Annual Report and Work Plan 9/90
• EMAP Quality Assurance Program Plan 8/91
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Coordination Activities Technology Transfer
Section 3.5: Technology Transfer
Development of EMAP Program-Level Informational Materials
Project Code: TT-90-001 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 Stated): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Tom Dixon Chris Saint
OMMSQA OMMSQA
(202) 382-7238 (202) 382-5772
FTS 382-7238 FTS 382-5772
Objectives
Ensure that interested patties are kept informed about Program direction, current
activities, significant scientific accomplishments and milestones, and available
products (including major Program reports and planning documents). As EMAP
approaches full implementation, the prior dissemination of such information will
have proven valuable in enlisting the assistance of EPA Program Offices, EPA Re-
gional Offices, the states, and the academic community.
Work Plan
During the past year, EMAP's first year of formal operation, a memorandum of the
previous month's significant accomplishments, briefings and meetings, and publi-
cations and presentations has been distributed routinely to over 140 individuals in
EPA Program Offices, Regional Offices, and ORD Laboratories. The distribution list
will continue to be updated, and this product will remain EMAP's principal vehicle
for communication within EPA.
A second major product in 1990 was the FY90 Project Descriptors document,
which succinctly describes the objectives and work plans of the specific projects
within EMAP. This document is to be updated annually and is intended for a
broader audience than is the Monthly Memorandum.
The production of a new information product is being implemented in FY91. The
EMAP Monitor, which will be issued three or four times per year, contains an
overview of EMAP (updated annually), a feature article (describing the Program's
major event of the quarter), summary updates of EMAP Resource and Task Group
activities, a calendar of upcoming events, EMAP publications and presentations,
and senior personnel in the Program. The audience for this product includes all
those individuals who receive the Monthly, as well as key personnel in other fed-
eral agencies and the states and members of the academic community.
The first issue of the annual report on EMAP publications will be produced in FY91.
For this first issue, presentations also will be included as entries. This document.is a
bibliographic listing of reports, guidance documents, research plans, and journal
articles produced by EMAP personnel. Presentations include those made to scien-
tific organizations and governmental institutions.
Several other informational products are planned, including brochures and videos.
These products will be tailored for specific audiences, including the public at large,
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Technology Transfer Coordination Activities
federal agency administrators, Congressional staff, and others, as determined by
the needs of EMAP to disseminate information.
Long-range plans include setting up briefings with EPA Regional and Program Of-
fices and the states to begin identifying their needs with respect to EMAP Technol-
ogy Transfer; sponsoring a symposium on some key scientific topic of interest to
EMAP, such as landscape ecology or biodiversity; and consideration of establishing
an EMAP-sponsored journal as a vehicle for publishing peer-reviewed articles au-
thored by or of interest to EMAP scientists.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• EMAP Monthly Memoranda Monthly
• EMAP Project Descriptors Document 4/9]
• Publications Report 4/91
• EMAP Monitor 1/91; 7/91
Development of Policies and Procedures for EMAP Communications
Project Code: TT-90-002 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Tom Dixon Chris Saint
OMMSQA OMMSQA
(202) 382-7238 (202) 382-5772
FTS 382-7238 FTS 382-5772
Objectives
The purpose of this project is threefold: (1) to coordinate the production and dis-
semination of support products aimed at facilitating communications among EMAP
Senior Managers; (2) to develop Program-wide administrative policies and proce-
dures and a ten-year technology transfer plan; and (3) to provide a "clearing house"
for tracking, storing, and distributing EMAP technical reports and other technical
products.
Work Plan
Facilitating communications among EMAP Senior Managers is accomplished by
using several routine communication tools. Summaries of weekly conference
calls, highlighting key issues and action items with dates, are distributed to the
EMAP Steering Committee within two days of the call. Personnel lists containing
mailing addresses and telephone and facsimile numbers are periodically updated to
reflect changes in personnel designated as lead managers and are then distributed
Program-wide for use by EMAP Senior Managers and their support staff. Calendars
for the current and upcoming months are distributed each month to the EMAP
Steering Committee to assist in the scheduling of meetings and briefings; the cal-
endars assist the Committee in avoiding conflicts with other scheduled meetings
and also help maximize effective travel by promoting the scheduling of back-to-
back meetings in the same location.
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Coordination Activities Technology Transfer
To accomplish the second objective, an administrative manual and a ten-year tech-
nology transfer plan are being produced. The administrative manual is an opera-
tional guideline that includes (1) a style guide with appendices for producing re-
ports, which is consistent with ORD guidelines, but "customized" for use within
EMAP, and (2) policies and procedures for internal Program communications, peer
review of projects and outputs, and printing of Program documents. The technol-
ogy transfer plan expands on the administrative manual to incorporate changing
needs for both internal and external information dissemination as EMAP becomes
larger and more complex. The document is envisioned to contain (1) refined guid-
ance for preparing EMAP products; (2) an expansion of guidance for internal com-
munications; (3) procedures for ensuring effective public relations; (4) guidance on
data acquisition, management, access, and confidentiality; and (5) more definitive
procedures for clearance and publication of specific types of EMAP products.
To meet the third objective, a centralized computer tracking system is being de-
veloped. This system will provide a centralized data base, with online access for
particular elements, for the purpose of tracking EMAP publications, mailing lists,
budgets, and distribution of products.
Deliverable*/Milestones Time Frame
• Administrative Manual 4/91
• Final Ten-Year Technology Transfer Plan 11/91
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International Activities Coordination Activities
Section 3.6: International Activities
EMAP International Activities: Regional Assessment of
Pollution Sources and Effects in Nepal
Project Code: IT-90-001 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigators
Chris Saint Alan Jenkins Jack Cosby
OMMSQA Institute of Hydrology Duke University
(202)382-5772 011-44-4-9138800 (919)684-6090
FTS 382-5772
Objectives
The overall goals of the EMAP international effort are to encourage the develop-
ment of global-scale environmental monitoring networks and to initiate the exten-
sion of the EMAP concept on an international basis. This project represents an ini-
tial effort aimed at meeting these broad goals. The specific objectives of this pro-
ject are to (1) establish a framework for water quality monitoring within Nepal, (2)
provide a description of water quality at several "problem" sites, and (3) begin a
species inventory of aquatic biota at several sites with differing water quality in an
attempt to determine an index of water quality based on biological diversity.
Work Plan
This project is a joint effort among EPA, Duke University, the Institute of Hydrol-
ogy in the United Kingdom, and the Government of Nepal. A comprehensive
water quality survey is being conducted on several catchments in Nepal. Samples
are being collected over a three- to four-week period, when streamflow is low and
concentrations of many pollutants are expected to be maximal (autumn or spring).
These samples are being analyzed for heavy metals, major ions, and pesticides.
Additional measurements are being made in the field, including concentrations of
nitrate and dissolved oxygen, specific conductivity, pH, and temperature. Local
scientists are being trained to take samples and operate field instruments to provide
a basis for continuity of monitoring at selected sites, after this project is completed.
At each sampling site, aquatic biota are being examined to establish the species
diversity under differing water quality.
The chemical and biological data bases collected are being analyzed jointly with
Nepalese scientists to establish (1) the relationships between biology and water
quality, (2) the geographical distribution of water quality problems, and (3) a ra-
tionale for a representative network of sites to monitor pollution and ecological
condition.
Dellverabtes/Milestones Time Frame
• Report on the relationship of water quality and the diversity of 12/91
aquatic biota for selected sites in Nepal
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Section 4: Integration Activities
Four groups within the current EMAP organizational structure perform activities that
facilitate the acquisition, management, and interpretation of monitoring data. The
Air and Deposition and Landscape Characterization Groups provide data that assist
all Resource Groups in interpreting observations on resource condition. EMAP-ln-
formation Management facilitates the storage of information and its dissemination
to and from the Program as well as among the Resource Groups, Coordination
Groups, and the other Integration Groups. The Integration and Assessment Group
oversees the acquisition of data from other monitoring networks that cut across or
are relevant to two or more Resource Groups. This Group also ensures that the
scientific information collected during various EMAP field activities is translated into
a form that can be used to answer management questions regarding regional-scale
environmental problems.
One goal of the Air and Deposition Group is to produce a framework for consoli-
dating existing air quality and deposition monitoring networks and new EMAP
monitoring programs into a cooperative network set that can respond efficiently to
both EMAP needs for information on levels of deposition and environmental effects
information called for under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. To assist with
this consolidation, this Group has been providing quality assurance support and
partial funding to help maintain the National Acid Deposition Program's (NADP)
National Trends Network. A principal function of this Group's current activities is
the evaluation of existing network capabilities to provide air quality and deposition
data for determining exposure levels to ecological resources located in nonurban
environments. Data from the NADP networks, the Great Lakes Atmospheric De-
position Program, and other networks are being incorporated into a master data
base to facilitate analyses on spatial and temporal trends that will lead to identifica-
tion of where (1) additional monitoring sites are needed, (2) redundant sites occur,
and (3) topographic features indicate a need for special network design. Ulti-
mately, the goal is to enhance established nonurban air and precipitation quality
networks for national trends assessments.
The principal function of the Landscape Characterization Group is to provide spatial
data on landscape patterns and composition that will aid in (1) the development of
sampling frames for use by the EMAP Resource Groups in selecting sites for moni-
toring and (2) the interpretation of observed ecological condition of resources (e.g.,
forests, wetlands, lakes, and streams). Principal activities of this Group for 1991 in-
clude developing sampling frames for EMAP-Wetlands and EMAP-Surface Waters
and coordinating use of outside data bases for frame materials. This Group is also
applying, evaluating, and refining landscape characterization methods and designs.
As an initial step in this process, a pilot study was conducted in Maryland in FY90.
Results are being used to identify other topics that require research, planning, and
pilot testing prior to full-scale implementation. The Landscape Characterization
Group also plans to design and implement several pilot studies in FY91 aimed at
refining characterization methods and demonstrating the overall landscape
characterization approach, especially through the use of historical remote sensing
data. Study areas are being selected based on known ecological problems and in
areas where cooperation with EPA Regions and Program Offices and other federal,
state, and local programs can be maximized. The primary pilot study is being
designed for implementation within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. This area was
selected for a two-year study (FY91 and FY92) because of concern over nonpoint-
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Integration Activities
source pollution, apparently related to increased population growth along the
coast, and because habitat alteration is reportedly widespread in the watershed.
The Information Management Group was established to plan, develop, and im-
plement a comprehensive, automated, information management system for EMAP
and to ensure that the information management systems developed by the various
EMAP Groups are compatible and are conducive to efficient data transfer. Initial
work has included the preparation of (1) the Information Management Program
Plan, which highlights strategies and activities for information management pro-
posed for the next few years; (2) an Information Management Committee Charter,
which describes the Program organization and personnel responsibilities; (3) an
EMAP Information Center concept paper and functional statement; and (4) a con-
ceptual design for the Geographic Information System (CIS), which presents de-
sign objectives and approaches for the CIS component of the EMAP Information
Management System. In addition, a document on data confidentiality is being pre-
pared, focusing on issues related to the transfer and use of environmental data
originating within and outside EPA. More recently, this Group has been working
with EPA's Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) and Of-
fice of Information Resources Management (OIRM) to ensure that EMAP informa-
tion management plans are consistent with Agency policy. This Group is also in-
teracting with the Resource Groups to develop their specific information manage-
ment plans and ADP (automated data processing) plans.
The Integration and Assessment Group has two primary functions: to provide the
means for (1) addressing scientific questions through the process of combining
EMAP data collected by the various Resource Groups or combining these data with
data from other sources and (2) addressing policy-relevant questions, which rely
on synthesizing and translating the resultant scientific information. A multiyear op-
erating plan, including the objectives, measures of success, and tasks needed to
achieve integrated EMAP products, is being prepared. Principal activities for FY91
are to (1) identify critical clients and information needs, (2) examine existing and
needed tools and procedures, and (3) develop conceptual approaches for feeding
EMAP information into ecological risk characterization and risk assessment studies
based on a recommendation by the EPA Science Advisory Board's Ecological Pro-
cesses and Effects Committee. In FY90, this Group participated with the Estuaries
Resource Group in preparing an example interpretive assessment and provided
guidance to several other Resource Groups for preparing example annual statistical
summaries. The aim of the example assessment is to demonstrate to potential
users of EMAP assessments how data can be displayed to show current status and
trends in indicators of ecological condition, associations among indicators, and
possible factors contributing to this condition for a specific ecological resource.
The example summaries illustrate the types of data, analysis approaches, and pre-
sentation formats for data reports currently planned to be published annually by
each Resource Group.
The following Project Descriptors provide details on the ongoing and planned ac-
tivities of the four Integration Groups. Section 4.1 covers the Air and Deposition
Group, Section 4.2 describes activities of EMAP-Landscape Characterization, Sec-
tion 4.3 contains a description of EMAP-lnformation Management activities, and
Section 4.4 presents activities of EMAP-lntegration and Assessment.
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Air and Deposition Integration Activities
Section 4.1: Air and Deposition
Support for the National Dry Deposition Network
Project Code: AD-90-001 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): All
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Rudy Boksleitner Eric Edgerton
AREAL ESE, Inc.
(919)541-4746 (919)544-3903
FTS 629-4746
Objectives
The National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN) is presently collecting data in sup-
port of the Acid Deposition Program. The NDDN is considered to be the infras-
tructure on which to base EMAP air and deposition research in the future. This
network is the only currently operating air concentration network that collects data
from geographic areas of interest to EMAP. Network sites are located in non-urban
areas. Data from this network are needed to estimate both spatial and temporal
exposures to ecological resources in EMAP survey regions.
Work Plan
Standard concentration monitors will be deployed at 51 sites throughout the United
States to obtain concentration measurements using standardized procedures for
collecting and analyzing dry deposition samples. Quality control audits will be
performed to document the quality of the data collected and to improve network
performance. The concentration data collected at these sites will be converted to
dry deposition velocities using the leaf area index and large area deposition ap-
proaches to be developed by NOAA and EPA jointly during FY91. This information
will be reported in a form suitable for use in reports resulting from both EMAP and
implementation of Clean Air Act Amendments. In addition to the field monitoring
component of this effort, prototype concentration monitors will be deployed at
certain research sites, and work will continue on developing sensors and samplers
that will be used to refine NDDN protocols in the future.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Annual data report and analysis for the National Dry 10/91
Deposition Network
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Integration Activities Air and Deposition
Investigation of Existing Network Capabilities
Project Code: AD-90-002 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1991 State(s): All
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Steve Bromberg David Holland Tim Haas
AREAL AREAL University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
(919)541-2919 (919)541-3126 (414)229-4864
FTS 629-2919 FTS 629-3126
Objectives
EMAP will rely, in part, on atmospheric exposure information from existing sam-
pling networks, in particular the National Acid Deposition Program's National
Trends Network (NADP/NTN) and the National Dry Deposition Network. Analy-
ses must be performed to determine how well these existing monitoring networks
characterize exposure in non-urban environments. This information will be used to
design a network that will provide data of known accuracy and precision for esti-
mating spatial and temporal trends in exposure.
Information from this project and Project AD-90-003 will be used by the EMAP Re-
source Groups to relate atmospheric exposure levels to ecological condition in
their respective resources. The information also will be used by policymakers who
will implement Clean Air Act Amendments to determine the effectiveness of emis-
sion reduction regulations.
Work Plan
Data from existing networks will be gathered and compiled into a data base. In
addition to being used for this project, these data will be made available to the
EMAP Resource Groups for their analyses. The data base will serve as a central
archive for atmospheric data collected in non-urban areas. EMAP is providing par-
tial support for 9 stations, an NADP Coordinator, and funding for the field audit
program.
An advisory panel consisting of recognized experts in spatial statistics will be
formed to provide advice and guidance to the Project Officer and Principal Investi-
gator. This panel will meet regularly to review progress of the project
Dellverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Report describing contents of non-urban atmospheric data 8/90
base
• Air and deposition monitoring and assessment plan for EMAP 4/91
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Air and Deposition Integration Activities
Study to Determine Optimum Status and Trends Network
Project Code: AD-90-003 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1991-1992 State(s): All
Project Officer Principal Investigator
David Holland Tim Haas
AREAL University of Wisconsin-
(919)541-3126 Milwaukee
FTS 629-3126 (414) 229-4864
Objectives
EMAP will rely, in part, on atmospheric exposure information from existing sam-
pling networks, in particular the National Dry Deposition Network. Results of
evaluations conducted in other projects will be used as a basis for supplementing
existing networks with new and relocated sites. Enhanced networks will provide
non-urban exposure data with the precision and accuracy required by EMAP Re-
source Groups to conduct association analyses with ecological effects data. Data
collected by this network will also enable EMAP-Air and Deposition to estimate
quantitatively spatial and temporal trends in non-urban exposure.
Finally, the information will be used by researchers and policymakers who will im-
plement Clean Air Act Amendments to determine the effectiveness of emission re-
duction regulations.
Work Plan
Spatial variability estimates of pollutants of interest and how well present systems
characterize exposure to non-urban areas will be obtained from results of other
projects. This information will be used to design an optimum spatial network. The
analysis will indicate where additional sites are needed, where redundant sites oc-
cur, and where unusual situations (topographic features) require nontraditional
methods for network design. The optimum spatial network will be supplemented,
as needed, to ensure that required trends information can be obtained.
Dellverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Report describing an optimum "trends" network 6/91
• Report describing an optimum "status" network 6/92
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Integration Activities Landscape Characterization
Section 4.2: Landscape Characterization
Sampling Frame Development for Ecological Resource Monitoring
Project Code: LC-90-001 EPA Region(s): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10
Period of Performance: 1990-1994 State(s): AL, CT, FL, GA, IL, IN, MA, MD,
ME, Ml, MN, MS, NC, ND, NH,
NJ, NY, OH, Rl, SC, TX, VT,
WA, Wl
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Douglas j. Norton Douglas J. Norton
EPIC EPIC
(703) 349-8970 (703) 349-8970
FTS 557-3110 FTS 557-3110
Objectives
Provide data for the development of sampling frames that are consistent with land-
scape characterization data on ecological resource extent and distribution; develop
sampling frames jointly with EMAP Resource Groups and EMAP-Statistics and De-
sign; and coordinate the use of outside data bases for frame materials and ensure
their compatibility and translatability with landscape characterization data.
Work Plan
This project has three principal elements: (1) coordination of outside data base use
for frame development; (2) development of a surface waters sampling frame; and
(3) development of a wetlands sampling frame.
The base grid of the EMAP design (Tier 1) is a national network of 12,600 uniformly
spaced points covering the conterminous United States. This grid network is cen-
tral to (1) the gathering of landscape characterization data (the Landscape Charac-
terization Database or LCD) and (2) the selection of sampling sites by all EMAP Re-
source Groups. EMAP-Landscape Characterization is identifying, classifying, and
mapping ecological resources and cultural activities as land use and land cover pat-
terns, in association with the EMAP grid. EMAP Resource Groups have a need to
identify classes and subclasses of their target resources that occur near each grid
point and to develop, according to sample selection rules, a subset for monitoring
by choosing one unit (or patch) of the resource class or subclass at each of a num-
ber of grid locations. These two main uses of the Tier 1 grid, although distinct, are
related: Both the sampling of a given resource class and the characterization of its
extent and distribution rely on a subset of units (or patches) selected from the same
statistical "universe" (i.e., all existing occurrences of the resource). Consequently,
close coordination is needed between efforts to measure ecological condition and
efforts to estimate resource extent and distribution so that both types of measure-
ments can be accurately correlated and integrated.
This coordination responsibility resides with EMAP-Landscape Characterization.
Ideally, the data for constructing a sampling frame for each Resource Group would
be derived from a common data base, such as the Landscape Characterization
Database (LCD), because errors that would result from using different subsets or
resource units (or patches) for characterization and measurements of ecological
4-6
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Landscape Characterization Integration Activities
condition would be eliminated. The LCD will require several years to complete,
and thus alternative information must be used in the interim. Therefore, an inter-
mediate step of verifying the validity and compatibility of frame development ma-
terials, as well as the ease with which such materials can be translated to and re-
generated from the data in the LCD, has been added to the sample development
process. In FY90, interim standards for evaluation of outside data for sampling
frames were developed. These evaluations will be completed during FY91, pro-
vided all Resource Groups finalize their choice of frame data sources and their sta-
tistical sample selection protocols. The finalization process will involve the respec-
tive EMAP Resource Groups, EMAP-Landscape Characterization, and EMAP-Statis-
tics and Design.
In addition to overall coordination, EMAP-Landscape Characterization is developing
sampling frames specifically for use by the Surface Waters and Wetlands Resource
Groups. Sampling frame development for EMAP-Surface Waters has been divided
into two separate efforts, one for lakes and one for streams; both will be drawn
from the USGS DLG (Digital Line Graph) Hydrology maps, digitized from the blue-
line data of conventional topographic quadrangles. The lake frame methodology
was completed and applied jointly with EMAP-Surface Waters in EPA Regions 1, 2,
and 5 during FY90; completion of a national frame is expected by the end of FY91.
Development of the stream sampling frame will follow in FY92. The wetlands
frame will be derived from the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) maps, which
will require updating for areas where recent data are unavailable or rapid change
has taken place. During FY91, comparative pilot studies will be conducted jointly
with NWI and EMAP-Wetlands. Finalized frame development methods will be
applied in the southeastern United States in late FY91 to develop a sample of estu-
arine emergent wetlands for monitoring during the FY92 field season. Completion
of the national wetland frame is expected by FY94.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Wetlands frame for Gulf estuarine emergents - Data set 10/91
completed
• Sampling frame for surface waters - Data set completed 11/91
Development of the Landscape Characterization Pilot Sites Network
Project Code: LC-90-002 EPA Region(s): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): AZ, DE, GA, MA, MD, MN, NH,
NV, NY, PA, VA, VT, WV
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Douglas J. Norton Douglas J. Norton
EPIC EPIC
(703) 349-8970 (703) 349-8970
FTS 557-3110 FTS 557-3110
4-7
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Integration Activities Landscape Characterization
Objectives
Apply, evaluate, and refine new EMAP-Landscape Characterization design and
methods; focus on detecting real environmental problems in diverse regional set-
tings; involve EPA Regions, States, and cooperating federal agencies; and establish
characterization data base nuclei in order to evaluate usefulness to clients. After an
initial year of program design, these objectives are the high priority program devel-
opment areas that remain. In addition, each individual project will cover a special
investigation topic to address and resolve a specific technical or logistical issue
before the program can be made fully operational.
Work Plan
This project has five principal elements: (1) methods development/refinement/
evaluation studies, (2) change detection pilot study, (3) equipment/information
management, (4) quality assurance/quality control development, and
(5) development of the EMAP-Landscape Characterization Research Plan.
During FY90, the basic EMAP-Landscape Characterization methods were designed
for characterizing the physical, biological, and cultural composition and pattern cap-
tured in the EMAP Tier 1 sampling sites. The concept for a Geographic Information
Systems (CIS) environment for a national data base was formulated that would con-
tain spatial environmental information such as land use/land cover, road networks,
surface hydrology, soils, and elevation. Remote sensing from aerial photographs
and satellite images, along with many existing data bases, would be the sources of
the national Landscape Characterization Database (LCD). This data base would
provide EMAP with (1) a mechanism for monitoring changes in distribution, abun-
dance, and pattern of ecological resources and (2) a geographic framework against
which measurements of ecological condition can be compared, correlated, ana-
lyzed, and used by EMAP clients.
The Ten-Hexagon Pilot Project, which was the first EMAP-Landscape Characteriza-
tion pilot study, involved a transect of ten 40-km2, hexagon-shaped EMAP sam-
pling sites spanning three ecoregions. This pilot served as a methods refinement
study and a means to identify other topics needing pre-implementation research,
planning, and pilot testing. Full-scale, national implementation of EMAP-Landscape
Characterization is expected to require an additional one to two years of develop-
mental effort. Most or this effort will center on a diverse, nationally distributed
network of pilot projects in FY91. These projects will share a common set of ob-
jectives, while individually featuring a topic such as change detection, information
management and interagency data exchange, quality assurance/quality control, ac-
curacy assessment, production equipment testing, and integration with Resource
Group data.
The collective results of the pilot projects will also provide critical input to the
EMAP-Landscape Characterization Research Plan, scheduled for completion Octo-
ber 1991, and to the subsequent EMAP-Landscape Characterization Implementa-
tion Plan to be produced in 1992.
4-8
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Landscape Characterization Integration Activities
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• FY90 pilot implementation plan for EMAP-Landscape 12/89
Characterization
• Revised EMAP-Landscape Characterization concept and plans 3/91
• Ten-Hexagon Pilot Project final report 5/91
• EMAP-Landscape Characterization Research Plan 10/91
• EMAP-Landscape Characterization Quality Assurance/Quality 11/91
Control Plan
4-9
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Integration Activities
Information Management
Section 4.3: Information Management
Development and Implementation of Information Management for EMAP
Project Code: IM-90-001
Period of Performance: 1990-1992
Project Officers
Eugene Meier Mason Hewitt
EMSL-LV EMSL-LV
(702) 798-2237 (702) 798-2377
FTS 545-2237 FTS 545-2377
Steve Greenfield
EMSL-LV
(702) 798-2608
FTS 545-2608
Sue Franson
EMSL-LV
(702) 798-2203
FTS 545-2203
Dan Heggem
EMSL-LV
(702) 798-2203
FTS 545-2203
EPA Region(s): NA
State(s): NA
Principal Investigators
Mason Hewitt Rod Slagle
EMSL-LV LESC
(702) 798-2377 (702) 734-3340
FTS 545-2377
Jon Clark
Computer
Sciences
Corporation
(702)735-1971
Jeff Frithsen
Versar, Inc.
(301) 964-9200
Objectives
Plan, develop, and implement a comprehensive Information Management Pro-
gram for EMAP; provide support to EMAP Resource Croups, Coordination Croups,
and Integration Groups in developing information management capabilities; and
provide an information management system for EMAP that will make EMAP
data/information easily accessible to all interested users.
Work Plan
An Information Management Team, led by the Information Management Director,
has been assembled at EMSL-LV to lead the planning, development, and imple-
mentation of the Information Management Program and system for EMAP. An In-
formation Management Committee (IMC) has been chartered to assist the Director
in coordinating, reviewing, and approving activities of the Information Manage-
ment Team and information management-related products from the EMAP Re-
source Groups and managers. The IMC, chaired by the Director, consists of in-
formation managers from each Resource Group, ADP (automated data processing)
coordinators from each EMAP laboratory, Information Management Team repre-
sentatives, representatives from the Offices of Administration and Resources Man-
agement (OARM) and Information Resources Management (OIRM), and EMAP
Technical Directors. The-Information Management Team is working closely with
the IMC and OARM/OIRM to develop the strategy and plans for implementing the
Information Management Program and system. The plans are being documented
in accordance with OIRM's System Design & Development Guidance. Initially,
three documents, the Mission Needs Analysis, Preliminary Design and Options
Analysis, and the EMAP Information Resources Management Plan, are being pre-
pared with the assistance of the OIRM/OARM staff. Efforts are also being initiated
to implement components of the overall Information Management Program and
system, such as information standards, data catalogs, and data dictionaries, and to
coordinate EMAP requirements with other federal and international information
4-10
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Information Management Integration Activities
management program activities. The development of the information manage-
ment system will be phased in over a five-year period, with early emphasis on de-
veloping information management capabilities at the Resource Group level (FY90-
91 emphasis has been on the Estuaries and Forests Resource Groups). The experi-
ence and requirements of the Resource Groups and EMAP managers will facilitate
the development of the overall EMAP information management system, which
should be fully operational by FY95. This system will meet the requirements iden-
tified in the mission needs analysis and will provide easy access to EMAP data for
all users.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Data confidentiality in EMAP: Issues and recommendations 6/90
• Essential Elements of Information: Mission Needs Analysis 4/91
• Essential Elements of Information: Preliminary Design and 10/91
Options Analysis
• Essential Elements of Information: EMAP Information 10/91
Resources Management Plan
4-11
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Integration Activities Integration and Assessment
Section 4.4: Integration and Assessment
Program-Level Integration and Assessment for EMAP
Project Code: IA-91-001 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1991-1992 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Dan Vallero Eric Hyatt
AREAL AREAL
(919) 541 -0150 (919) 541 -0673
FTS 629-0150 FTS 629-0673
Objectives
Examine and explain the major products, data, and operational needs of each
EMAP Task Group relative to integration and assessment to provide a framework
for achieving EMAP's goal. This project will also include development of a strategy
and structure for providing products to each EMAP data user, or client, through
internal and external communication strategies. The project will establish frame-
works for both Task Group-specific and Program-wide needs related to integration
and assessment.
Work Plan
Integration Framework: The level of inclusion and detail of information presented
will vary according to the profile of the client. Therefore, the initial phase will focus
on identifying key target groups for EMAP integration products. One tier of target
groups is the EMAP Technical Directors and Technical Coordinators, and another
tier is the external community, for example, Congress and the public. In the initial
phase, the particular needs of each target group and the products they require will
be detailed, concentrating first on those with the highest priority needs according
to the EMAP vision, goal, and objectives. A strategic planning approach will en-
sure that the EMAP goal and objectives drive the day-to-day operations of the Pro-
gram. The Integration and Assessment Group will establish a common approach
for the Task Groups in a push toward integrated products, which will allow integra-
tion at varying levels and which will provide an EMAP-wide perspective.
Among the major tasks associated with the Integration Framework are (1) client
descriptions and needs assessment; (2) inventory of data needs, communication
needs, management needs, and near-term measures of success for each Task
Group; (3) coordination with the EMAP Technical Coordinators on all integration
needs including information management, statistics and design, logistics, indicators,
and total quality management; and (4) outreach activities with clients, as identified
by the internal/external communication strategies.
Assessment Framework: A key component of integration and assessment that has
not been previously addressed is the development of consistent definitions and de-
scriptions of many of the concepts and terms associated with integration and
assessment. Therefore, early activities of the Integration and Assessment Group
will be to develop an integration and assessment dictionary and description of ap-
proach and an integration and assessment operating plan. EMAP's major integra-
tive and assessment components will be described in sufficient detail to enable the
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Integration and Assessment < Integration Activities
individual Task Groups to proceed in a unified manner. A multiyear operating plan
will be developed from the dictionary. The plan will include the objectives, mea-
sures of success, and planned activities and tasks needed to achieve integrated
EMAP products. At a minimum, the plan will address technical integration (e.g., for
core definitions and stressor information); Program integration (e.g., for National
Program Manager interfaces); and policy integration (for consideration by deci-
sionmakers at legislative levels).
Integration and Assessment. The Integration and Assessment Plan will provide
both example and actual reports on the overall status and trends in condition of
multiple ecological resources. These reports will be aimed at the identification of
region-wide emerging problems and correlations (or possibly causal postulations)
and will serve as vehicles for assessing the relationships between regula-
tory/control programs and ecological risk reduction.
The Plan will strive to ensure that all products generated from the Task Groups are
consistent with the ecological risk reduction paradigm. That is, the products must
be directly translatable for risk assessment, risk management, and risk communica-
tion, based on the Office of Research and Development's Ecological Risk Assess-
ment Program. The Plan will also include a description of research needs within
ORD and outside of the Agency.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Final EMAP assessment strategy 6/90
• Integration and Assessment conceptual plan 4/91
• Program plan for EMAP 6/91
• Client/Target groups inventory and needs assessment 6/91
• Integration and Assessment dictionary of terms and description 6/91
of approach
• Final Integration and Assessment operating plan and 10/91
communications strategy
Preparation of Guidance for Annual Statistical Summaries
Project Code: IA-90-002 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Jay Messer Kent Thornton
AREAL FTN Associates
(919)541-0150 (501)225-7779
FTS 629-0150
Objectives
EMAP will produce two types of reports, Annual Statistical Summaries and periodic
Interpretive Assessments. The Statistical Summaries will describe the indicators
monitored within EMAP and the data quality objectives (DQOs) that guide their
measurement, as well as provide graphic displays of results with known levels of
associated uncertainty. Initially, "mock ups" of the annual reports are prepared as
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Integration Activities Integration and Assessment
examples or 'case studies* of the information that will be provided for each eco-
logical resource when EMAP is fully implemented. These example Annual Statisti-
cal Summaries inform potential users of EMAP data as to what will and will not be
produced within EMAP and aid in ensuring the ultimate design will meet users'
needs. The objective of this project was to provide guidance to aid EMAP Re-
source Groups in developing and preparing these example reports.
Work Plan
Guidance, which explained the purpose and format, was prepared to ensure conti-
nuity, consistency, and comparability among the example Annual Statistical Sum-
maries. The audience for these reports is Congressional staff members, the EPA
Administrator, scientific administrators, and the informed lay public. The guidance
included how to prepare and present questions that EMAP will and will not answer
(based on the EMAP goal and objectives, indicators being monitored by each Re-
source Group, and the monitoring network design). The Groups were asked to
include the DQOs for the indicators proposed for monitoring in the reports, so that
the users could decide whether the resolution proposed for these indicators would
satisfy their needs. The guidance also discussed the types of illustrative examples
to include in the reports, such as frequency distributions, descriptive statistics, spa-
tial displays and maps, indices, and associations among response and expo-
sure/habitat indicators. An outline for the major sections of the Annual Statistical
Summary was included as part of the guidance.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Guidance document for example Annual Statistical Summaries 2/90
National Academy of Sciences Review of EMAP
Project Code: IA-90-003 EPA Kegion(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1993 Stated): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Jay Messer Phillip M. Smith, Executive Officer
AREAL National Academy of Sciences
(919) 541 -0150 (202) 334-3000
FTS 629-0150
Objectives
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS), through the National Research Council
(NRC), will perform a study and produce a report that provides an unbiased
assessment of the scientific quality and responsiveness of the overall EMAP con-
cept in meeting the nation's environmental monitoring and assessment needs.
Work Plan
The NRC, using both its Water Sciences and Technology Board (WSTB) and Board
on Ecological Studies and Toxicology (BEST), will review and evaluate the overall
objectives of the Program, the indicator and sampling design strategies, data col-
lection methods, data analysis and interpretation, and communication plans. The
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Integration and Assessment Integration Activities
WSTB and BEST will appoint a committee of approximately 15 members represent-
ing an appropriate range of experts in ecological disciplines represented by EMAP
to conduct the review. The committee will meet approximately 10 limes over the
three-year contract Briefing sessions will be held with EPA scientists involved in
the design and execution of the Program, members of the Science Advisory Board,
and external peer reviewers. The committee will consult with a liaison group
assembled by EPA and will solicit input regarding special needs and interests from
such organizations with respect to the above issues. Staffs of the WSTB and BEST
will provide technical and administrative support to the committee. These boards
are responsible for ensuring that MAS and NRC policies and procedures are fol-
lowed. The WSTB and BEST will establish liaisons with other appropriate agencies
and NRC boards to ensure communication and coordination with other potential
users of the study results.
Deliverable*/Milestones Time Frame
• Broad tentative review of EMAP strategic plan and national 5/91
research plans for ecological resource categories
• Review of EMAP landscape characterization and indicator plans 2/92
• Comprehensive review of EMAP 12/93
4-15
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Section 5: Developmental Research
An active research program is essential to ensure that EMAP can respond and adapt
to new issues; capitalize on improved scientific understanding; and incorporate ad-
vances in methods development, data analysis, and reporting techniques, while si-
multaneously retaining continuity in the long-term data sets it develops. All major
groups within EMAP conduct research that is relevant to their specific resource or
coordination and integration responsibilities; this research is described in previous
sections. Additionally, EMAP has identified four major areas of research that are
cross-cutting and is currently establishing research programs for these areas: eco-
logical indicator development, environmental statistics, ecological risk characteri-
zation, and landscape ecology. These four areas cover a broad range of research,
but each area is an integral part of ORD's Ecological Risk Assessment Program.
Briefly, Ecological Indicator Development is focusing on (1) the development of a
center for diagnosing marine fish diseases and (2) the development of conceptual
models and methodologies for biodiversity indicators, testing of relationships be-
tween landscape indices and biodiversity measures, and the evaluation of the ap-
propriateness of tested indicators for fulfilling EMAP objectives. Environmental
Statistics will explore statistical research as it applies to the EMAP design (e.g.,
protocols for using found data, sampling methods for representing conditions in
extensive resources), as well as spatial and temporal issues. Guidelines for
performing ecological risk assessments will be developed by Ecological Risk
Characterization. Landscape Ecology will investigate the landscape as a
monitoring and reporting unit and its feasibility as a mechanism for integrating
measurements of indicators of ecological condition with measurements of
ecosystem characteristics. Specific research projects are discussed in further detail
in this section.
5-1
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Developmental Research Ecological Indicator Development
Section 5.1: Ecological Indicator Development
Review and Development of Diagnostic Indicators for Marine Ecosystems
Project Code: IR-90-001 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): All
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Robert Menzer Robert Menzer
ERL-GB ERL-CB
(904) 934-9200 (904) 934-9200
Objectives
Develop a center for diagnosing marine fish diseases that will provide support for
EPA research and regulatory programs. This center will provide guidance for con-
ducting routine marine toxicological and histopathological tests and provide sup-
port for development of marine indicators to be used by EMAP.
Work Plan
A workshop was held in August 1989 to begin developing a strategy for marine
bioindicator research. The strategy resulting from this workshop will be used as a
nucleus for developing a long-term marine indicator research strategy for EPA's
Office of Research and Development In concert with preparation of this long-
term strategy, a proposal for the diagnostic center to support the marine monitor-
ing efforts is being developed. Initial development of the diagnostic center will be
through cooperative agreements with recognized institutions; eventually the center
will acquire its own inhouse expertise. Annual reports will be produced on the use
of the diagnostic center in support of EMAP and other monitoring and research ef-
forts within EPA.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Diagnostic indicators for marine ecosystems: physiology, 10/90
biochemistry, and pathology (review article)
• Status report on the use of the Marine Fish Diagnostic Center 10/90
to support indicator development in EMAP-Estuaries
• Proceedings of the Gulf Breeze symposium on marine and 10/91
estuarine disease research
• Bioindicators for marine systems: individuals, populations, and 10/91
communities (review article)
5-2
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Ecological Indicator Development Developmental Research
Biodiversity Indicators Research
Project Code: IR-90-002 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigators
Anthony R. Olsen Steven Cline Paul Adamus
ERL-C ERL-C METI
(503) 757-4790 (503) 757-4666 (503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4790 FTS 420-4666 FTS 420-4666
Objectives
Develop conceptual models and methodologies for biodiversity indicators, with
emphasis on landscape-level indices for fish and wildlife diversity and composition;
test the relationships between landscape metrics and diversity, composition, and
abundance through analysis of existing data bases and literature; evaluate the ap-
propriateness of tested indicators for fulfilling EMAP objectives; and provide im-
plementation guidelines.
Work Plan
Validation of relationships of environmental conditions and biodiversity: Research
is being conducted through a combined extramural and EPA inhouse effort. The
initial emphasis is on developing and refining conceptual models for relating com-
positional biodiversity to landscape-level indices. This research is based on thor-
ough searches of literature and existing data bases for information on population
and community response to measurable landscape patterns. Landscapes for further
study and evaluation are being identified and prioritized, based primarily on the
amount and quality of existing information.
Northeast biodiversity indicators research: The focus of this research effort is to
examine landscape cover pattern and diversity as well as bird diversity. Statistical
models for relating this information to indicators of regional bird diversity are being
evaluated. Initial activities are focusing on existing bird data bases for New Eng-
land. Efforts are being coordinated with the EMAP-Forests and Landscape Charac-
terization activities in New England.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Report on an index of community structure and integrity for 2/92
aquatic birds in New England
• Report on landscape characteristics along selected Breeding 5/92
Bird Survey routes and EMAP 40-km2 hexagons in New
England
• Report on cross-validation of Breeding Bird Survey and 12/92
Christmas Bird Count measures of avian population trends in
New England
• Report on changes in bird distribution in relation to landscape 12/92
characteristics in New England
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Developmental Research Environmental Statistics
Section 5.2: Environmental Statistics
Statistical Research on Design Aspects of EM A P
Project Code: ST-90-001 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Anthony R. Olsen Scott Overton
ERL-C OSU
(503) 757-4790 (503) 737-3366
FTS 420-4790
Objectives
Design and evaluate a statistical monitoring framework, protocols for collecting
status and trends data, and data analysis methods. EMAP requires a rigorous,
statistical, integrated monitoring framework in order to estimate and assess
ecological status and trends on a regional and national basis.
Work Plan
The basic EMAP statistical design has been developed. Initial research efforts in
this project are being directed toward completing the technical documentation on
the design, analysis procedures, sampling schemes, reclassification, and aggrega-
tion procedures for reporting. Because new methods of data analysis are required
for EMAP, statistical research is being conducted on several topics, including the
use of time series and other methods for assessing trends in populations and re-
gional patterns, spatial statistics and the presentation of spatial patterns, protocols
for using found data, statistical design for quality assurance, and sampling methods
for representing conditions in extensive resources such as the Chesapeake Bay,
Everglades, and Ohio River. To accommodate the increasing need for statisticians
in environmental studies such as EMAP, a strategy for developing a training
program in environmental statistics is being formulated.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Report on technical aspects of calibration in surveys 12/90
• Concepts and techniques for combining results of two 6/90
probability samples (journal article)
• Research strategy for developing statistical methods for 2/91
analysis and reporting of EMAP data: A five-year plan
• Strategy for creating a center for research and training in 3/91
environmental statistics
5-4
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Environmental Statistics Developmental Research
Research on Temporal Statistical Issues
Project Code: ST-90-002 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Anthony R. Olsen Don Stevens
ERL-C METI
(503) 757-4790 (503) 757-4542
FTS 420-4790 FTS 420-4542
Objectives
The most likely field sampling scheme for EMAP is one in which individual sites are
visited once every four years. The group of sites sampled in one year will be dis-
tinct from the groups of sites sampled during the other years of the four-year cycle.
Within a region, these groups of sites will conform to an "interpenetrating design,"
resulting in regional reporting on ecological condition within that region. The ob-
jectives of this project are to explore the properties of this design using a rigorous
statistical analysis to (1) devise methods for estimating trends in indicators from the
series of population estimates derived from the four-year cycle; (2) assess, and ad-
just if necessary, the probable magnitude of effects introduced by sampling differ-
ent groups of sites in each of the four years; (3) associate changes in temporal and
spatial patterns in response indicators with explanatory variables and exposure and
stress indicators; (4) evaluate the merits of alternative design options; (5) establish
minimum detectability levels of trends, under various models for error variances;
and (6) aid development of sampling plans by evaluating alternative sample sizes.
Work Plan
Several techniques for estimating trends, such as linear statistical models of trends,
non-parametric trend tests, and conventional time series approaches (Auto-Re-
gressive Moving Average [ARMA]), are being compared to techniques that are po-
tentially more sensitive for trend detection. One such technique is an extension of
the ARMA models that is structured to include the relationships between regression
and time series methodologies; this technique specifically addresses items (2) and
(3) above. A second approach is evaluating the Bayesian steady-state model to
construct a test for a shift in the location parameter distribution. A third approach is
evaluating the use of finite sampling methods to construct tests for trends. Exten-
sive simulation trials are being conducted to investigate and assess the various
models, estimation techniques, and design options with data sets constructed to
reflect existing data set characteristics. The statistical power of the tests to detect
trends is being established for data sets containing both linear and dynamic time
trends.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Mathematical derivations of ARMA, the trend model (journal 7/90
article)
• Report summarizing the use of an ARMA-based model for 5/91
regional trend detection
5-5
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Developmental Research environmental Statistics
Research on Spatial Statistical Issues
Project Code: ST-90-003 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1990-1992 State(s): NA
Project Officer Principal Investigator
Anthony R. Olsen TBA
ERL-C
(503) 757-4790
FTS 420-4790
Objectives
The EMAP design is based on a systematic grid of points arranged across the land-
scape. Observations at these grid points will be used to estimate characteristics of
regional populations of ecological resources. Initial statistical efforts have focused
on the regional population and temporal trends issues. This project focuses on re-
search related to spatial statistical issues that will enhance the interpretation, report-
ing, and assessment of EMAP information.
Work Plan
The primary task in FY91 is to identify the spatial statistical issues that are relevant
to the EMAP design and objectives. A workshop will be held on the application of
spatial statistics to environmental monitoring survey data. A strategy will be devel-
oped that establishes the specific research requirements and priorities for address-
ing these issues. This strategy will identify (1) the methods to be developed for in-
corporating spatial pattern information into population estimates generated from
the EMAP sampling frame to improve estimation of ecological condition, (2) alter-
native statistical graphics techniques for display of geographic data, and (3) issues
for integrating spatial statistics and geographic information systems algorithms.
The spatial pattern and model-based approaches to refining and improving
estimates of ecological condition will be addressed in the research strategy.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Statistical graphics for applying geographic data to report 5/91
ecological status and condition (journal article)
5-6
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Ccohgical Risk Characterization Developmental Research
Section 5.3: Ecological Risk Characterization
Development of an Ecological Risk Strategic Plan
Project Code: RC-91-001 EPA Region(s): NA
Period of Performance: 1991-1992 State(s): NA
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Dorothy Ration Sue Norton Don Rodier
ORD/OHEA ORD/OHEA OTS
(202) 475-6743 (202) 382-6955 (202) 382-4276
FTS 475-6743 FTS 382-6955 FTS 382-4276
Jack Gentile Dave Mauriello
ERL-N OTS
FTS 838-6000 (202) 382-2260
(401) 782-3000 FTS 382-2260
Ron Landy
OTTRS
(202) 382-7891
FTS 382-7891
Objectives
Develop, review, and publish guidelines for performing ecological risk assess-
ments. This project is part of the "Ecorisk" Guidelines Program being coordinated
by the Agency's Risk Assessment Forum (RAF).
Work Plan
In cooperation with EPA Program Offices, EMAP's Risk Characterization Group will
hold a series of workshops aimed at developing three foundation documents for
the Guidelines Program. This series includes (1) four workshops to evaluate case
studies illustrating the "state of the practice" in ecological risk assessments, (2) a
strategic planning workshop to discuss the major issues related to the development
of subject-specific ecological risk assessment guidelines, and (3) a framework
development workshop to produce a report on the general principles of ecological
risk assessment.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Case Studies Workshop - Part 1 5/91
• Case Studies Workshop - Part 2 6/91
• Case Studies Workshop - Part 3 6/91
• Case Studies Workshop - Part 4 6/91
• Strategic Planning Workshop 5/91
• Framework Development Workshop 5/91
• Ecological Risk Case Studies Report 10/91
• Preliminary Ecological Risk Framework Report 10/91
• Ecological Risk Strategic Plan 10/91
5-7
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Developmental Research Landscape Ecology
Section 5.4: Landscape Ecology
Development of Methods for Monitoring and Analyzing Landscapes
Project Code: LE-90-001 EPA Region(s): All
Period of Performance: 1990-1995 State(s): All
Project Officers Principal Investigators
Douglas J. Norton Sue Franson Douglas j. Norton Carolyn Hunsaker
EPIC EMSL-LV EPIC ORNL
(703)349-8970 (702)798-2203 (703)349-8970 (615)574-7365
FTS 557-3110 FTS 545-2203 FTS 557-3110 FTS 624-7365
Robert O'Neill
ORNL
(615)574-7846
FTS 624-7846
Objectives
Develop, test, and apply methods for analyzing and monitoring landscapes as dis-
crete entities; analyze indicators of landscape composition and pattern that, through
integration, may help explain observed ecological condition.
Work Plan
This project has seven principal elements: (1) characterization simulation studies,
(2) characterization statistical design, (3) national land use/cover classification,
(4) landscape types classification, (5) landscape indicators research, (6) landscape/
resource measurement integration, and (7) the Landscape Ecology Core Group.
Within EMAP, a landscape is defined as a heterogeneous mosaic of ecological and
land use features of consistent composition and pattern throughout. This project
involves the development of monitoring and analysis methods using landscape as
the spatial scale and unit. This perspective on monitoring and analysis differs fun-
damentally from that of the EMAP Resource Groups in which the focus is on an in-
dividual unit of the landscape (a "single tile" of the "mosaic"). EMAP Resource
Groups will report on ecological condition in terms of a particular class of re-
sources, such as oak-hickory forests or emergent estuarine wetlands. In contrast,
this project will explore the landscape as a monitoring and reporting unit and its
feasibility as a mechanism for integrating measurements of indicators of ecological
condition with measurements of ecosystem (and adjacent land use) characteristics.
This research will be coordinated with the EMAP Resource Groups.
The overall design for EMAP-Landscape Characterization is driven by the concepts
of landscape and integration; therefore, this project will continually refine and test a
statistical design that supports these aims. During FY91, a sampling strategy for
landscape characterization will be completed, and simulation studies using existing
digital land use/land cover data will be conducted. The simulation studies will
compare the EMAP sample data set (land use/land cover patterns and extent within
the hexagons) to the full data set (total patterns and extent in the entire landscape
5-8
-------
Landscape Ecology Developmental Research
study area). Results will be evaluated in terms of achieving EMAP-Landscape
Characterization objectives.
Development of a landscape classification system is also a priority activity in this
project. During FY90, an ecologically oriented land use/land cover classification
system was developed for EMAP. During FY91 and FY92, EMAP-Landscape Char-
acterization will co-sponsor a national, interagency land classification system de-
velopment effort with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Mapping Divi-
sion and will also lead an effort to design a national classification system for land-
scape types. These systems (the interagency system, the EMAP system, and the
landscape system) are all integral components of the EMAP-Landscape Characteri-
zation design.
Landscape indicators help explain linkages between ecological function and physi-
cal structure, such as habitat; landscape indicators generally measure composition
(such as relative percentage of area in each land use or resource type) and pattern
(such as the size, contiguity, or distribution of land uses and resources). Monitoring
landscapes as proposed will require that EMAP-Landscape Characterization identify
or develop a set of indicators and determine how this set should be measured and
analyzed to reflect landscape condition. In a multiyear effort, operational and
developmental landscape indicators will be tested and applied in the EMAP-
Landscape Characterization context.
Using integration principles and applying landscape ecology in assessment are ar-
eas requiring not only a research and development orientation but also an interdis-
ciplinary team approach. EMAP-Landscape Characterization will emphasize coor-
dination with EMAP Resource Groups and other EMAP Task Groups, as appropri-
ate, in its landscape ecology research efforts. EMAP-Landscape Characterization
has established a Landscape Ecology Core Group that will maintain linkages with
all EMAP elements and promote appropriate applications of this discipline through-
out EMAP.
Deliverables/Milestones Time Frame
• Multi-staged approach to landscape characterization (journal 10/90
article)
• Status and trends of ecosystems in the United States: A 2/91
landscape approach (journal article)
• Characterization statistical design report 6/91
• LUDA simulation study results/report 7/91
• Interagency land classification task force meeting series ' 10/91
completed
5-9
-------
-------
All
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
Region 4
Region 5
Region 6
Region 7
Region 8
Region 9
Region 10
Index A: Regions and States
Regions
2-4, 2-5, 2-10, 2-12, 2-26, 2-27, 2-28, 3-4, 3-10, 4-3,
4-4, 4-5, 5-2, 5-8
2-13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-16, 2-18,2-19, 2-25, 4-6, 4-7
2-13, 2-18, 2-19, 2-24, 2-25, 4-6, 4-7
2-13, 2-15, 2-18, 2-19, 2-21,2-24, 4-6, 4-7
2-13, 2-14, 2-20, 2-21, 4-6, 4-7
2-24, 2-30, 4-6, 4-7
2-8, 2-9, 2-20, 2-30, 4-6
2-8
2-8, 2-30, 4-6
2-8, 2-9, 4-7
2-8, 2-30, 4-6
All
AL (Alabama)
AR (Arkansas)
AZ (Arizona)
CA (California)
CO (Colorado)
CT (Connecticut)
DE (Delaware)
FL (Florida)
GA (Georgia)
IA (Iowa)
ID (Idaho)
IL (Illinois)
IN (Indiana)
KS (Kansas)
LA (Louisiana)
States
2-4, 2-5, 2-10, 2-12, 2-26, 2-27, 2-28, 3-4, 3-10,4-3,
4.4, 4-5f 5.2, 5-8
2-13, 2-14, 2-20, 4-6
2-8, 2-9
2-8, 2-9, 4-7
2-8, 2-9
2-8
2-13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-16, 2-18, 2-19, 2-25, 4-6
2-13,2-18,2-19,4-7
2-20,2-21,4-6
2-13,2-14,2-21,4-6,4-7
2-8
2-8
2-24, 2-30, 4-6
2-24, 4-6
2-8
2-8, 2-9, 2-20, 2-30
1-1
-------
Index A: Regions and States
MA (Massachusetts) 2-13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-16, 2-18,2-19, 2-25, 4-6, 4-7
MD (Maryland) 2-13, 2-18, 2-19, 4-6, 4-7
ME (Maine) 2-13, 2-14, 2-15,2-16,2-25,4-6
Ml (Michigan) 2-24, 4-6
MN (Minnesota) 2-24, 4-6, 4-7
MO (Missouri) 2-8
MS (Mississippi) 2-20, 4-6
MT (Montana) 2-8
NC (North Carolina) 2-21, 4-6
ND (North Dakota) 2-8,2-30, 4-6
NE (Nebraska) 2-8
NH (New Hampshire) 2-13, 2-14, 2-15,2-16,2-25,4-6,4-7
NJ (New Jersey) 2-13, 2-18, 2-19, 2-25, 4-6
NM (New Mexico) 2-8,2-9
NV (Nevada) 2-8, 2-9, 4-7
NY (New York) 2-18, 2-19, 2-24, 2-25, 4-6, 4-7
OH (Ohio) 2-24, 4-6
OK (Oklahoma) 2-8,2-9
OR (Oregon) 2-8
PA (Pennsylvania) 2-78,2-79, 2-24, 4-7
Rl (Rhode Island) 2-73, 2-74, 2-75, 2-76, 2-78,2-79, 2-25, 4-6
SC (South Carolina) 2-27,4-6
SD (South Dakota) 2-8, 2-30
TX (Texas) 2-8, 2-9, 2-20, 4-6
UT (Utah) 2-8
VA (Virginia) 2-73, 2-75, 2-78, 2-79, 2-27, 4-7
VT (Vermont) 2-73, 2-74, 2-75, 2-76, 2-25, 4-6, 4-7
WA (Washington) 2-8,2-30,4-6
Wl (Wisconsin) 2-24, 4-6
WV (West Virginia) 4-7
WY (Wyoming) 2-8
I-2
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Index B: Project Officers
Boksleitner, Rudy 4-3
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919)541-4746
FTS 629-4746
Bromberg, Steve 4-4
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-75)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919)541-2919
FTS 629-2919
Brooks, Robert 2-16
USDA-Forest Service
Holdsworth Hall
University of Massachusetts
Amherst,MA01003
(413)545-1845
Dixon, Tom 3-12, 3-13
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and
Quality Assurance (RD-680)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-7238
FTS 382-7238
Franson, Sue 4-10,5-8
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193
(702) 798-2203
FTS 545-2203
Graves, Robert 3-11
Environmental Monitoring Support Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(513)569-7325
FTS 684-7325
I-3
-------
Index B: Project Officers
Greenfield, Steve 4-70
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193
(702) 798-2608
FTS 545-2608
Heck, Walter 2-4, 2-5,2-6,2-7
Air Quality, Agricultural Research Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
North Carolina State University
1509 Varsity Drive
Raleigh, NC 27606
(919)737-3311
FTS 672-4069
Hedtke, Steven F. 2-24
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
(218)720-5610
FTS 780-5610
Heggem, Dan 2-12, 2-13, 2-14,2-15,2-17, 4-10
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV89193
(702) 798-2203
FTS 545-2203
Hewitt, Mason 4-10
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193
(702) 798-2377
FTS 545-2377
Holland, David 4-4, 4-5
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919)541-3126
FTS 629-3126
I-4
-------
Index B: Project Officers
Jones, Bruce
Exposure Assessment Division
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193
(702) 798-2671
FTS 545-2671
Kepner, William
Exposure Assessment Division
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193
(702)798-2193
FTS 545-2193
Kinney, Wes
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV89193
(702) 798-2671
FTS 545-2671
Martin, Barry
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919)541-4386
FTS 629-4386
McKenzie, Daniel
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Meier, Eugene
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193
(702) 798-2237
FTS 545-2237
2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7
2-8,2-9,2-10,2-11
3-10
2-12, 2-13, 2-14,2-15, 2-16, 2-17
2-25, 2-26, 2-27, 2-28, 2-29, 2-30,
3-9
4-10
I-5
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Index B: Project Officers
Menzer, Robert 5-2
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
(904) 934-9200
FTS 228-9200
2-22,4-13,4-14
Messer, Jay
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-75)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919)541-0150
FTS 629-0150
Norton, Douglas J. 4-6, 4-7, 5-8
Environmental Photographic Interpretation
Center
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Building 166, Bicher Road
Vint Hill Farms Station
Warrenton, VA22186
703/349-8970
FTS 557-3110
Olsen, Anthony R.
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4790
FTS 420-4790
Patton, Dorothy 5-7
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RD-689)
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 475-6743
FTS 475-6743
Paul, John F. 2-18,2-21
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
27 Tarzwell Drive
Narragansett, Rl 02882
(401)782-3037
FTS 838-6037
3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-8, 5-3, 5-4, 5-5,
5-6
I-6
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Index B: Project Officers
Peterson, Spence 2-12, 2-13, 2-14,2-15,2-17
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Pitchford, Ann 24,2-5, 2-7
Exposure Assessment Division
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV89193
(702) 798-2366
FTS 545-2366
Saint, Chris 3-J5
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and
Quality Assurance (RO-680)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5772
FTS 382-5772
Schimmel, Steven C. 2-19
Environmental Research Laboratory
27 Tarzwell Drive
Narragansett, Rl 02882
(401)782-3078
FTS 838-6078
Summers, J. Kevin 2-20
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
(904) 934-9200
FTS 228-9200
Vallero, Dan 4-12
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-75)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919)541-0150
FTS 629-0150
1-7
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Index C: Principal Investigators
Federal Employees
Cline, Steven 5-3
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Gentile, Jack 5-7
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
27 Tarzwell Drive
Narragansett, Rl 02882
FTS 838-6000
(401)782-3000
Graves, Robert 3-11
Environmental Monitoring Support Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(513)569-7325
FTS 684-7325
Heck, Walter 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7
Air Quality, Agricultural Research Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
North Carolina State University
1509 Varsity Drive
Raleigh, NC 27606
(919)737-3311
FTS 672-4069
Hedtke, Steven F. 2-24
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
(218)720-5610
FTS 780-5610
Hewitt, Mason 4-10
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193
(702) 798-2377
FTS 545-2377
1-8
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Index C: Principal Investigators
Hyatt, Eric 3-9,4-12
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-75)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919)541-0673
FTS 629-0673
Landy, Ron 5-7
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support (H-8105)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-7891
FTS 382-7891
Larsen, Phil 2-27
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Mauriello, Dave 5-7
Office of Toxic Substances CTS-796)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-2260
FTS 382-2260
Menzer, Robert 5-2
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
(904) 934-9200
FTS 228-9200
Norton, Douglas J. 4-6, 4-7, 5-8
Environmental Photographic Interpretation
Center
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Building 166, Bicher Road
Vint Hill Farms Station
Warrenton, VA22186
703/349-8970
FTS 557-3110
I-9
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Index C: Principal Investigators
Norton, Sue 5-7
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RD-689)
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-6955
FTS 382-6955
Olsen, Anthony R. 3-5
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4790
FTS 420-4790
Robertson, Andrew 2-21
National Ocean Survey
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
6001 Executive Boulevard
Rockville, MD 20852
(301)443-8933
FTS 443-8933
Rodier, Don 5-7
Office of Toxic Substances (TS-796)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-4276
FTS 382-4276
Saint, Chris 3-12, 3-13
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and
Quality Assurance (RD-680)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5772
FTS 382-5772
Schimmel, Steven C. 2-19
Environmental Research Laboratory
27 Tarzwell Drive
Narragansett, Rl 02881
(401)782-3078
FTS 838-6078
1-10
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Index C: Principal Investigators
Summers, J. Kevin
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
(904) 934-9200
FTS 228-9200
2-20
University Cooperators
Campbell, Lee 2-4, 2-5, 2-6
Department of Plant Pathology
North Carolina State University
Box 7616
Raleigh, NC 27695-7616
(919)737-2751
Cosby, Jack 3-15
School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
Duke University
Durham, NC 27706
(919)684-6090
Flueck, John 3-5
Environmental Research Center
University of Nevada-Las Vegas
4505 S. Maryland Parkway
Las Vegas, NV 89154
(702)597-4124
Fox, Carl A.
Desert Research Institute
7010 Dandini Blvd.
Reno, NV89512
(702) 673-7322
Haas, Tim
School of Business Administration
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
P.O. Box 742
Milwaukee, Wl 53201
(414)229-4864
Overton, Scott 5-4
Department of Statistics
Oregon State University
Kidder Hall, Room 44
Corvallis, OR 97331
(503) 737-3366
2-8,2-9,2-10,2-11
4-4, 4-5
1-11
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Index C: Principal Investigators
Paulsen, Steven 2-27, 2-29
Present address:
Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Permanent address:
Environmental Research Center
University of Nevada-Las Vegas
4505 S. Maryland Parkway
Las Vegas, NV 89154
(702) 739-3382
Contractors/Consultants
Adamus, Paul 5-3
Man tech Environmental Technologies, Inc.
c/o Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Baker, John 2-28,3-10
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences
Corporation
1050 E. Flamingo Road, Suite 209
Las Vegas, NV 89109
(702) 734-3253
Clark, Jon 4-70
Computer Sciences Corporation
4220 South Maryland Parkway
La Plaza B, Suite 408
Las Vegas, NV89119
(702)735-1971
Edgerton, Eric 4-3
ESE, Inc.
1000 Park 40 Plaza, Suite 300
Durham, NC 27713
(919)544-3903
1-12
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Index C: Principal Investigators
Frithsen, Jeff 4-10
Versar, Inc.
9200 Rumsey Road
Columbia, MD 21045
(301)964-9200
Holland, A.F. 2-18,2-22
Versar, Inc.
9200 Rumsey Road
Columbia, MD 21045
(301)964-9200
Hughes, Robert 2-26
Man tech Environmental Technologies, Inc.
c/o Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757^*666
FTS 420-4666
Hunsaker, Carolyn 5-8
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P.O. Box 2008
Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038
(615)574-7365
FTS 624-7365
Leibowitz, Nancy 2-29
Mantech Environmental Technologies, Inc.
c/o Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 753-6221
FTS 420-4666
Novitzki, Dick 2-30
Mantech Environmental Technologies, Inc.
c/o Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
O'Neill, Robert 5-8
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P.O. Box 2008
Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038
(615)574-7846
FTS 624-7846
1-13
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Index C: Principal Investigators
Papp, Mike 2-12, 2-13, 2-14,2-15,2-17
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences
Corporation
1050 E. Flamingo Road, Suite 200
Las Vegas, NV89109
(702) 734-3334
Witters, Kurt 2-12,2-13, 2-14,2-15,2-16,2-17
Mantech Environmental Technologies, Inc.
2 Triangle Drive
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
(919)541-1935
Strickland, Tim 2-12, 2-13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-17
Mantech Environmental Technologies, Inc.
C/o Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Slagle, Rod 4-10
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences
Corporation
1050 E. Flamingo Road, Suite 201
Las Vegas, NV 89109
(702) 734-3340
Stevens, Don 3-4, 5-5
Mantech Environmental Technologies, Inc.
c/o Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4542
FTS 420-4542
Stoddard, John 2-25
Mantech Environmental Technologies, Inc.
c/o Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4666
FTS 420-4666
Thornton, Kent 4-13
Ford, Thornton, Norton, and Associates
3 Innwood Circle
Suite 220
Little Rock, AR 72211
501/225-7779
1-14
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Index C: Principal Investigators
Miscellaneous
Bailar, Barbara 3-6
Executive Director
American Statistical Association
1429 Duke Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-3402
(703)684-1221
Jenkins, Alan 3-75
Institute of Hydrology
Crowmarsh Gifford
Wallingford
Oxon. OX108BB
United Kingdom
011-44-049138800
Smith, Phillip M. 4-14
Executive Officer
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue
Washington, DC 20418
(202) 334-3000
1-1S
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Appendix: Deliverables and Milestones
Project Code Date
AG-90-001
• Draft monitoring plan 2/91
• Peer review 3/91
• National Monitoring Plan for Agroecosystems 4/91
• Agroecosystem indicators (journal article) 12/91
AC-91-002
• Status report on agroecosystem indicator research 12/91
AG-91-003
• Critical evaluation of existing agricultural data bases for 12/91
applicability to ecological assessment
AC-91-004
• Internal report on agroecosystem indicators relevant to cross- 12/91
resource monitoring
AG-90-005
• Final annual statistical summary example for agroecosystems 9/90
AL-90-001
• Draft monitoring plan 3/91
• Peer review 3/91
• National Monitoring Plan for Arid Lands 4/91
AL-91-002
• Draft pi lot study plan 4/91
Review of study plan 8/91
Final study plan 10/91
AL-91-003
• Integrated design for assessing the condition of arid lands (journal 10/91
article)
AL-90-004
• Final annual statistical summary example for arid lands 4/91
A-1
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Appendix: Deliverables and Milestones
FR-90-001
• Indicators for monitoring ecological condition in forests (journal 11/90
article)
• Draft monitoring and research strategy 3/91
• Peer review 3/91
• EMAP-Forests Monitoring Strategy for FY91 4/91
• Draft national monitoring plan for forests 2/92
• Peer review 3/92
• Final National Monitoring Plan for Forests 4/92
FR-90-002
• Regional Quality Assurance Project Plan 6/91
• Regional quality assurance officer training 6/91
• Methods manuals and standard operating procedures 6/91
• Data base evaluation and review 12/91
• Analysis complete 5/92
FR-91-003
• Implementation plan 5/91
• Methods manual 5/91
• Field sampling manual 6/91
• Quality assurance plan 6/91
• Report on results 7/92
FR-90-004
• Summary report on results of FHM plot design and logistics study 10/91
FR-91-005
• First annual statistical summary - New England 8/91
• Final report on the EMAP-Forests Pilot Project in the northeastern 10/91
United States
FR-90-O06
• Final annual statistical summary example for forests 11/90
ES-90-001
• Draft near coastal implementation plan 3/90
• Peer review of near coastal implementation plan 4/90
• Final Research Plan for EMAP-Near Coastal Monitoring and 4/91
Assessment Program
• Revised Near Coastal Quality Assurance Plan 5/91
• Revised Near Coastal Data Management Plan 6/91
A-2
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Appendix: Deliverable* and Milestones
• Revised Near Coastal Methods Manual 7/91
• Recommendations for national-scale implementation of EMAP in 10/91
estuaries
£5-90-002
• Methods manuals for the Demonstration Project 4/90
• Quality assurance plan for the Demonstration Project 4/90
• Implementation plan for the Demonstration Project 6/90
• Data management system for the Demonstration Project 8/90
• Preliminary report on the Demonstration Project 2/91
• Implementation Plan for Virginian Province Monitoring in FY91 5/91
• Final report on the Demonstration Project 10/91
• Report on the 1991 field activities in the Virginian Province 11/91
• Data summary on 1991 monitoring in the Virginian Province 2/92
• Statistical summary for data collected in 1991 in the Virginian 6/92
Province
£5-90-003
• Draft program plan for the Louisianian Province Demonstration 10/90
Project
• Final program plan for the Louisianian Province Demonstration 4/91
Project
• Training manual for 1991 Louisianian Province monitoring 5/91
activities
• Quality assurance plan for 1991 Louisianian Province monitoring 5/91
activities
• Data management plan for 1991 Louisianian Province monitoring 5/91
activities
• Revised methods manual for use in 1991 Louisianian Province 6/91
monitoring activities
• Field operations manual for 1991 Louisianian Province monitoring 6/91
activities
• Initiation of Louisianian Province field sampling 6/91
• Preliminary report on the Louisianian Province Demonstration 2/92
Project
• Final report on the Louisianian Province Demonstration Project 10/92
£5-91-004
• Draft program plarf for the Carolinian Province Demonstration 10/92
Project
• Implementation plan for the Carolinian Province Demonstration 2/93
Project
• Final program plan for the Carolinian Province Demonstration 3/93
Project
A-3
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Appendix: Deliverable* and Milestones
• Initiation of Carolinian Province field sampling 6/93
• Preliminary report on the Carolinian Province Demonstration 2/94
Project
• Final report on the Carolinian Province Demonstration Project 10/94
£$-90-005
• Example interpretive assessment for estuaries 2/91
GL-91-001
• Draft program plan for conducting a pilot study in the Great Lakes 11/91
SW-90-001
• Data user's guide to the Long-Term Monitoring Program: 11/90
Quality assurance plan and data dictionary
• Statistical summary of long-term monitoring data (LTM data 12/90
report)
• Special issue of the Journal of Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: 6/91
Synthesis of Acid Deposition Long-Term Monitoring Data
Through 1989 (10 papers)
SW-90-002
• Strategy and priorities for developing indicators of surface water 7/91
condition
SW-90-003
• EMAP strategy for surface water monitoring 2/91
• Association of surface water condition with potential stresses 8/91
SW-90-004
• Final quality assurance plan for Northeast Lakes Pilot 4/91
• Information management plan for Northeast Lakes Pilot 5/91
• Implementation plan for Northeast Lakes Pilot 6/91
• Field operations manual for Northeast Lakes Pilot 6/91
SW-90-005
• Final annual statistical summary example for surface waters and 6/91
wetlands
WL-90-001
• Research Plan for Monitoring Wetland Ecosystems 2/91
A-4
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Appendix: Deliverable! and Milestones
SD-90-001
• Cartographic and geometric components of a global sampling 3/91
design for environmental monitoring (journal article)
• Integrated sampling design for EMAP 8/91
SD-90-002
• Report on technical design and analysis 8/91
SD-91-003
• Total quality approach to environmental monitoring and 7/91
assessment (journal article)
• Proceedings paper on statistical thinking and tools for improving 8/91
excellence in ecological projects
SD-91-004
• Summary of ASA review of EMAP task group activities 8/91
IN-90-001
• Report on ecological indicators for determining the condition of 7/90
major ecosystems in the United States
• The Indicator Development Strategy for EMAP 2/91
IN-90-002
• International Symposium on Ecological Indicators 10/90
• Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ecological 10/91
Indicators
LG-90-OO1
• Data base proprietary information strategy 3/90
• EMAP logistics overview and guidance document 7/90
• EMAP logistics proposal to EPA Regions 10/91
• Six-year options and alternatives for EMAP logistics 11/91
TQ-90-001
• Quality Assurance Annual Report and Work Plan 9/90
• EMAP Quality Assurance Program Plan 8/91
TT-90-001
• EMAP Monthly Memoranda Monthly
• EMAP Project Descriptors Document 4/91
• Publications Report 4/91
• EMAP Monitor 1/91; 7/91
A-5
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Appendix: Deliverable* and Milestones
TT-90-O02
• Administrative Manual 4/91
• Final Ten-Year Technology Transfer Plan 11/91
IT-90-001
• Report on the relationship of water quality and the diversity of 12/91
aquatic biota for selected sites in Nepal
AD-90-001
• Annual data report and analysis for the National Dry Deposition 10/91
Network
AD-90-002
• Report describing contents of non-urban atmospheric data base 8/90
• Air and deposition monitoring and assessment plan for EMAP 4/91
AD-90-003
• Report describing an optimum "trends" network 6/91
• Report describing an optimum "status" network 6/92
LC-90-001
• Wetlands frame for Gulf estuarine emergents - Data set 10/91
completed
• Sampling frame for surface waters - Data set completed 11/91
LC-90-002
• FY90 pilot implementation plan for EMAP-Landscape 12/89
Characterization
• Revised EMAP-Landscape Characterization concept and plans 3/91
• Ten-Hexagon Pilot Project final report 5/91
• EMAP-Landscape Characterization Research Plan 10/91
• EMAP-Landscape Characterization Quality Assurance/Quality 11/91
Control Plan
IM-90-001
• Data confidentiality in EMAP: Issues and recommendations 6/90
• Essential Elements of Information: Mission Needs Analysis 4/91
• Essential Elements of Information: Preliminary Design and 10/91
Options Analysts
• Essential Elements of Information: EMAP Information Resources 10/91
Management Plan
A-6
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Appendix: Deliverable! and Milestones
IA-91-001
• Final EMAP assessment strategy 6/90
• Integration and Assessment conceptual plan 4/91
• Program plan for EMAP 6/91
• Client/Target groups inventory and needs assessment 6/91
• Integration and Assessment dictionary of terms and description of 6/91
approach
• Final Integration and Assessment Operating Plan and 10/91
Communications Strategy
IA-90-002
• Guidance document for example Annual Statistical Summaries 2/90
IA-90-003
• Broad tentative review of EMAP strategic plan and national 5/91
research plans for ecological resource categories
• Review of EMAP landscape characterization and indicator plans 2/92
• Comprehensive review of EMAP 12/93
IR-90-001
• Diagnostic indicators for marine ecosystems: physiology, 10/90
biochemistry, and pathology (review article)
• Status report on the use of the Marine Fish Diagnostic Center to 10/90
support indicator development in EMAP-Estuaries
• Proceedings of the Gulf Breeze symposium on marine and 10/91
estuarine disease research
• Bioindicators for marine systems: individuals, populations, and 10/91
communities (review article)
IR-90-O02
• Report on an index of community structure and integrity for 2/92
aquatic birds in New England
• Report on landscape characteristics along selected Breeding Bird 5/92
Survey routes and EMAP 40-km2 hexagons in New England
• Report on cross-validation of Breeding Bird Survey and Christmas 12/92
Bird Count measures of avian population trends in New England
• Report on changes in bird distribution in relation to landscape 12/92
characteristics in New England
ST-90-001
• Report on technical aspects of calibration in surveys 12/90
• Concepts and techniques for combining results of two probability 6/90
c^mrtluc finnr-nat ar-fifl^)
samples (journal article)
A-7
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Appendix: Deliverable* and Milestones
• Research strategy for developing statistical methods for analysis 2/91
and reporting of EMAP data: A five-year plan
• Strategy for creating a center for research and training in 3/91
environmental statistics
ST-90-002
• Mathematical derivations of ARMA, the trend model (journal 7/90
article)
• Report summarizing the use of an ARMA-based model for 5/91
regional trend detection
ST-90-003
• Statistical graphics for applying geographic data to report 5/91
ecological status and condition (journal article)
RC-91-001
• Case Studies Workshop - Part 1 5/91
• Case Studies Workshop - Part 2 6/91
• Case Studies Workshop - Part 3 6/91
• Case Studies Workshop - Part 4 6/91
• Strategic Planning Workshop 5/91
• Framework Development Workshop 5/91
• Ecological Risk Case Studies Report 10/91
• Preliminary Ecological Risk Framework Report 10/91
• Ecological Risk Strategic Plan 10/91
LE-90-001
• Multi-staged approach to landscape characterization (journal 10/90
article)
• Status and trends of ecosystems in the United States: A 2/91
landscape approach (journal article)
• Characterization statistical design report 6/91
• LUDA simulation study results/report 7/91
• Interagency land classification task force meeting series 10/91
completed
A-8 ft U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1991-548-187/40527
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