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REWAI/G+W
PALMERTON ZINC NPL SITE INVESTIGATION
PHASE II SOIL SAMPLING PROTOCOL
A. Location
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) personnel from the
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las Vegas (EMSL-LV)
and/or personnel from the Environmental Research Center of the
University of Nevada, Los Vegas, have proposed four hundred and
eighty four (484) new Phase II soil sampling points in the Palmerton,
PA area. These locations have been established on a grid and transect
system prepared for the Palmerton area and Mere provided to R. E.
Wright Associates, Inc. (REWAI) by EPA's Region 3 office. A list of
the EMSL-LV proposed sampling locations is provided as Attachment 1A.
Isopleth maps of cadmium and sine concentrations based on
Phase I soil sampling have been prepared by REWAI and are provided as
Drawings Numbers 8498-0C3-E and 8498-005-E. Validation of these maps
Mill be accomplished by collection and analysis of samples from one
hundred and twenty one (121) of the new Phase IX sampling locations
proposed by EPA, as well as analysis of nineteen (19) archived samples
collected during Phase I. If the results from these one hundred and
twenty one (121) new sampling locations significantly change the
mapping patterns depicted on Drawings 8498-083-E and 8498HB05-E, the
remaining three hundred and sixty three (363) locations will be
sampled and analyzed. A list of the one hundred and twenty one 1121)
sampling locations is provided in Attachment IB.
2. Samples will be obtained from each new sampling site by
compositing four (4) subsamples collected from the compass points
(N, E, S * W) on the arc of a six (6) meter diameter circle, plus four
(4) subsamples collected from the minor compass points (NE, SE, SW *
NW) on the arc of a 4.23 meter diameter circle, plus one (1) subsample
collected at the center point of both circles, for a total of nine (9)
subsamples as shown bel<
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3. All . subsamples for compositing shall be collected from the top
15 centimeter increment o-f soil.
4. The identical 400 X 400 foot sampling grid utilized for the
Phase I sampling effort was used to identify Phase II soil sampling
locations within and covering the Palmerton area. Phase II soil
sampling locations are identified in Attachements 1A and IB. The exact
sampling location will be plotted on aerial photographs by the on-site
REWAI sampling team. All samples will be collected at each o-f those
locations using the circular con-figuration previously described.
B. Frequency
1. Phase II soil sample collection methods will be identical to
those employed for the Phase I sampling effort
At -five (5) percent o-f the sampling locations, duplicate samples
will be collected within a 0.5 meter radius o-f the initial sub sample
collection location. Duplicate samples will be composited together and
prepared identically to those collected at the initial sub sample
locations. Sampling locations for duplicates are identified in
Attachments 1A and IB.
At an additional -five (S) percent of the sampling location
samples will be collected for splits. Samples designated as split
will be divided into three homogeneous portion* at the Sample Ban*
(REWAI) and submitted to the laboratory -for analysis. Sampling
locations for splits are identified in Attachments 1A and IB.
C. Pollutant Class
Soil samples designated for analysis will be transmi
le Bank to th» Pennsylvania State University, State
analysis. Samples received by Penn State will be a
ium and Zinc using analytic method EPA-6ae-4-79-S2B ,
transmitted by the
Sample Bank to th» Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
for analysis. Samples received by Penn State will be analyzed for
Cadmium and Zinc using analytic method EPA-6ae-4-79-S2B , Metals by
Atomic Absorption Methods.
Penn State University will maintain proper Chain-o-f -Custody for
all samples in their possession as well as provide proper Quality
Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) as described by Attachment 1C,
o-f REWAI 's Phase I Soil Sampling Protocol dated 11/20/85.
D. Decontamination Blanks
Decontamination blanks will be used to monitor sample handling
procedures* _ container cleanup and to document any cross contamination
of samples." Decontamination blanks will be prepared in the -field and
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handled in the same manner as collected samples. Decontamination
blanks Mill be placed and remain in the -field sample storage container
during the daily -field sampling e-f-fort.
The decontamination blank Mill be analyzed by Pennsylvania State
University using the same procedures as used for soil samples. Unless
otherwise stated, the decontamination blank Mill be DDI (distilled
deionized) Mater that has come in contact Mith the sample corer or
sample collection device. All decontamination blanks Mill be double
bagged.
Soil sampling teams Mill prepare and collect one (1) decontamination
blank -for every twenty (20) soil sampling locations. All blanks Mill
be prepared in the field at one (1) of the sampling locations and Mill
consist of a sample of the final 001 rinsate collected during the
decontamination of a sample collection device.
€.. Sampling Procedures
1. Container
Soil samples collected in the field Mill be placed into seal able
polyethylene containers that have the capacity to hold 42 oz.
Following collection, scaled soil samples Mill be placed in a covered
container at ambient meteorological conditions, until delivered to tiic
sample bank.
2. Container Preparation
Containers used for all field collected soil samples Mill be
sterile Whirl-pak polyethylene containers, and, a* such, no
precleaning Mill be necessary. Sample containers Mill be stored and
kept in a closed container to minimize atmospheric contamination.
3. Sample Collection and Handling Procedures
Soil coring devices to be used for sample collection Mill be
standard soil probes as manufactured by AMS Manufacturing, American
Falls, Idaho. Probes are constructed of cold drawn seamless 4130 alloy
steel aircraft quality tubing and contain neither cadmium nor zinc.
Composite soil samples Mill consist of all nine (9) subsamples
placed in the same sample container. If sod layers are encountered
(90% vegetative material), the sod Mill be cut from the core using a
clean scalpel. Vegetative material will then be placed into a separate
polyethylene container, identified with an appropriate vegetative
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collection tag and transmitted to the sample bank. Vegetative samples
will be composited identically to that of soil subsamples.
During all sampling and handling o-f soil cores, -field samplers
will wear ore-cleaned polyethylene gloves. Gloves will be changed -for
each sampling location to avoid sample contamination.
The senior member o-f each field sampling team is responsible to
assure adherence to the -following sample collection guidelines:
1. Samples will be collected at the grid and transect locations
described by Attachments 1A and IB. If a location is unsatisfactory
due to streets, structures and/or other obstructions, the sampling
site may be moved within a 65-meter radius o-f the originally
designated 'location. If a sample cannot be obtained within this 65-
meter radius, the sampling location will be abandoned and EPA's
Region 3 on-scene coordinator will be notified.
2. Avoid sampling on what may appear to be recent fill (by man or
by natural action of water such as a sand bar beside a river), cuts or
severely eroded soils if they can be avoided by moving to a new
location within the 65 meter radius. If a move is possible, the
sampling team will go to the nearest location within the 65 meter
radius where sampling is possible. If fill or cuts are man-made the
sampling crew will attempt to determine the age o-f the fill or cut by
contacting the property owner or neighbor. If the fill or cut is at
least 10 years old, sampling may proceed, but if the cut or fill is
less than 10 years old, the sample should be collected elsewhere
within the 65 meter radius. In the event that a more suitable location
cannot be found within the 65 meter radius, sampling will proceed at
the originally designated location.
3. Avoid, if possible, collection of samples that are less than
20 feet from painted surfaces.
4. Locate collection sites away from vehicular activity such as
streets, driveways, parking lots and automobile repair areas.
5. Avoid, if possible, collecting samples under or immediately
adjacent to trees, shrubs and/or structures.
6. Label the sample container with an appropriate sample
collection tags supplied by the sample bank.
7. Complete site description forms, noting any information
concerning -filling or erosional material.
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8. Decontaminate soil coring equipment prior to collection o-f
samples from each sampling location. Decontamination will include
thoroughly washing and rinsing corer using tap water, Cd, Zn, Cu and
Pb—free detergent, brushes or Kimwipes and then rinsing in DDI water.
Sample Collection Tag
Sample collection tags have been as shown on Page 4 will be used for
all soil and any vegetation samples collected. These tags have been
preprinted to assure that the necessary information is provided for
all samples. Each sample collected, including duplicates and
decontamination blanks, shall have a completely filled-in tag
securely attached to it.
The person who physically collects the sample is the SAMPLER and signs
the sample tag. The SAMPLER initiates the chain o-f custody record for
transfer o-f samples to the sample bank.
When a sample is received at the sample bank, it will be recorded in
the sample bank's master log, given a new sample bank number and
identified with a new sample analysis tag. The
original sample collection tag will b* stored at the sample bank. The
only exception to this procedure will be for any vegetative samples.
These samples will retain their original sample tags.
Drying and mixing o-f all soil samples prior to submittal to the
analytic laboratory will be completed by the sample bank and will
entail:
1. All samples collected will be placed into a 500 ml glass
beaker and dried in a soil drying oven at a temperature o-f 100 degrees
centigrade for an 8—hour period or until dry.
2. After drying, the sample will sieved using a stainless steel
#10 soil sieve. The unsieved portion >2 mm will be repackaged, labeled
and archived at the sample bank.
3. Soil passing the #10 sieve will be sieved through a #100
stainless steel soil sieve. Where necessary, a mortar and pestle will
be used to prepare the soil sample for sieving.
4. Soil passing the #100 sieve will then be placed into a
new 125 ml HDPE plastic bottles and mixed by placing that jar on a jar
mill and rotating it at a speed o-f 250 RPM for a 30 minute period.
5. Following mixing, not less than 10.0 g o-f dry soil will be
placed in a"60 ml HDPE and properly labeled. Any soil not used in the
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analyses will be returned to the sample bank in its original 125 ml
HOPE bottle where it will be stored.
6. All sample drying and mixing equipment coming in direct
contact with the soil samples will be thoroughly decontaminated
between samples. Decontamination will consist o-f washing in hot tap
water with a Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb—free detergent and rinsing with DDI
water.
Any vegetative samples collected will be stored at the sample bank.
Soil samples identi-fied as splits will be dried, sieved and mixed as
described above, however, three (3) separate 10.0 g samples will be
prepared -from the mixed soil and placed into three (3) separate 125 ml
HOPE containers. Two (2) o-f these three (3) samples derived -from the
split will be sent to Pennsylvania State University -for analysis, the
remaining sample -from the split will be held by the sample bank and
made available to EPA -for submit tal to an independent re-feree
laboratory, if requested.
F. Site Description Form
A site description -form will be completed by each field party for each
sampling location, and will include all pertinent information about
the location and a photograph of the location. An example form
provided on the following page.
If soil samples cannot be collected at each of the designated sampling
points of the 6 and 4.25 meter circles, the sampler will identify the
exact location on the circle where each sample was collected, along
with the rationale for making these changes.
Original copies of all site description forms will be kept on file by
REWAI, and photocopies made available to EPA Region 3 upon request.
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SAMPLING SITE DESCRIPTION FORM
PROJECT CODE : Palmerton Zinc NPL Site Date
SAMPLER:
SITE ADDRESS: (STREET, NUMBER, GRID COORDINATES)
TYPE OF SITE: (RESIDENTIAL, INDUSTRIAL, ETC).
PROPERTY OWNER:
LOCATION OF SAMPLING: (BACKYARD, PARK, FARM, ETC).
ADJOINING PROPERTY: (RESIDENTIAL, INDUSTRIAL, ETC).
GROUND SURFACE: (BARE, LAWN, CORPS, ETC).
STRUCTURAL ODDITIES: (SWIMMING POOLS, SHEDS, ETC)
CANOPY LAYER (SPECIES, ESTIMATED GROUND COVER),
SAMPLE COLLECTION TAB NUMBERS:
CONDITION OF SAMPLING SITE: (DEBRIS, RESIDUES, STANDING WATER, ETC)
REMARKS:
ATTACH POLAROID PHOTOGRAPH OF SAMPLING LOCATION TO THIS DESCRIPTION
FORM COMPLETED BY:SIGNATURE :.
PRINT NAME:
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G. Sample Transfer Procedures/Chain-of-Custody
Customized chain-o-f-custody record sheets, following NEIC format
will be provided by the sample bank. Examples of the chain-of-custody
sheets to be used are provided on the following pages.
Custody records will be used for a packaged lot of samples, and
more than one sample will typically be recorded on a single sheet. If
necessary, more than one custody record sheet may be used for one
package.
Whenever the samples for which a chain-of-custody record is being
kept change custody (i.e. are turned over to another party for safe
keeping or processing) the ORIGINAL custody sheet is signed by both
the relinquisher and receiver and transferred along with the samples.
A photocopy of the signed sheet should be kept by the relinquisher.
Using the Custody Record Sheet
o The originator fills in all requested information from the
sample tags and any additional information requested by the
form.
o The person receiving custody checks the sample tag information
against the custody record, checks sample condition and number
of containers. Any unusual conditions are noted in the remarks
portion of the custody form.
o The originator signs the top left "Relinquished by:" box.
o The person receiving custody signs in the adjacent "Received
by:" box and keeps the original form with the samples. A
photocopy o-f the signed form is kept by the originator.
o Date/Time will be the same for both signatures since custody
must be transferred to another person, however, this box must
be filled in.
o In all cases, it shall be readily shown that the same person
receiving custody has relinquished it to the next custodian.
o If it is necessary to leave samples unattended, or if a person
re-fuses to sign, this must be documented and explained on the
custody form.
Copies and/or originals of all shipping papers, bills o-f lading and
any other records dealing with the shipping of samples shall be
retained by the sample bank, and photocopies made available to EPA
Region 3 upon request.
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Date 05/20/86
Page 9 of 12
REWAI/G+W
If any discrepancies between sample tag numbers and custody record
listings are -found, the person .--_ieving custody shall document this
discrepancy and properly store the samples. These samples shall not be
analyzed until the problem is resolved by contacting the on-scene
coordinator.
Custody Seals
Custody seals shall be used when shipping samples by commercial
carriers. Seals shall consist of padlocks or tamper-proof adhesive
srrips where padlocks cannot be used. Custody seals are not intended
for use on individual sample containers.
Custody of Shipped Samples
When a group of samples with its custody form is to be shipped, the
shipper (e.g. sample bank personnel) shall accompany the package to
the carrier (e.g. Federal Express) so that, if requested, the number
and identification of the samples in the container can be verified.
The commercial carrier however shall not be required to verify this.
The package shall then be closed with a strong, keyed padlock or
strapping tape and custody seals so that the carrier is transporting a
secure container.
The person receiving custody of shipped samples shall document the
condition of the locked, or strapped and sealed shipping box on
arrival. It shall be checked that neither the tape nor the custody
seals have been cut or otherwise tampered with. If the seal has been
damaged in shipping, but it is clear that the shipped box has not
been opened, further handling of the samples shall proceed. If
tampering is suspected, the designated Sample Custodian shall notify
the on—scene coordinator and the sample bank supervisor.
Tamper-proof paper custody seals may be supplied by the National
Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC).
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ATTACHMENT 1
SITE I.D. SOIL GRID SAMPLING SITES
I. Sampling Site Identification (Site Code)
Aerial photographs overlain by a soil sampling grid have been
provided to Gulf and Western by EPA Region 3, and shall be provided
to each sampling team. Every grid line is identified with rows
designated alphabetically and columns designated numerically. All soil
samples shall be collected at the grid locations specified by
Attachment IB, and if necessary Attachment IB. Any necessary deviation
from predesignated sampling site locations, as provided for in the
Soil Sampling Protocol, will be plotted on the aerial photographs.
Aerial photographs used by the field sampling teams with the sampling
locations plotted on them will be provided to Region 3 upon completion
of the sampling effort.
Each soil sample collected from the grid configuration will have a
site identification code that will identify the grid site from which
the sample was collected. ALL forms that originate with sample
collection (e.g. sample collection tags, site description forms, site
photographs and chain-of-custody forms) shall have a site
identification code recorded on them. Sample bank personnel shall not
accept any sample for which information, as required on the forms, is
missing. Sampling team leaders will be responsible for assuring that
all required sampling forms are properly completed.
Grid sampling site identification codes shall be as follows:
o The first two identify the grid location, PA (Palmerton).
o A hyphen (-> is placed after the last letter of the grid
location.
o The fourth and fifth spaces will be letters identifying the
row.
o The sixth and seventh spaces will be numbers identifying the
columns.
o An example of a TYPICAL SAMPLE SITE IDENTIFICATION CODE is
PA-AAB1.
o At locations where duplicate samples are to be collected, the
duplicate sample shall be identified by placing an "A"
immediately following the number identifying the column.
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o An example of a TYPICAL DUPLICATE SAMPLE SITE IDENTIFICATION
CODE is PA-AA01A.
o For every 20 soil samples collected from the grid sampling
sites, one (1) decontamination blank will be prepared.
Decontamination blanks will be identified with a specific
soil sampling site. The decontamination blanks shall be
collected immediately prior to collecting a soil sample at
a designated site, and identified using that sample site
identification code followed by the letter "B".
o An example of a TYPICAL SAMPLE BLANK IDENTIFICATION CODE is
PA-AAPIS.
o Soil samples identified as splits by Attachment 1A shall have
the letters "X", "Y" and "Z" following the sample site
identification code. Sample splitting shall be the
responsibility o-f the sample bank personnel, and the X, Y
and Z designation will be added by the sample bank.
o Examples of TYPICAL SPLIT SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION are PA-AA01X.
PA-AA01Y and PA-AA01Z.
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REWAI/B+W
Lot
ATTACHMENT 2
SAMPLE BANK PROCEDURES
I. Responsibility
The sample bank is the custodian for all records pertaining to
sampling, sample preparation as required, and transport
environmental samples to the analytical laboratory.
the
of
The sample bank is responsible for record -filing and storing, for
storing and preparation of all samples, and for dispensing containers,
sampling equipment and all custody documents such as chain-of -custody
forms and sample collection and analytic tags, a» required.
The
llection and analytic tags, a» required.
is responsible for updating and maintaining the
projects' master log book, auditing the records as required,
generating sample bank QC sample blanks, accepting QA/QC samples for
inclusion into the analytical scheme, and f
collection of decontamination blanks.
sample bank
master
for scheduling the
The sample bank is responsible for completing,
data reporting forms and for assuring that
requirements are adhered to.
as required, analysis
the chain-of -custody
All sample bank activities Mill be the responsibility of REWAl,
however, physical sample preparation prior to submittal to the
analytical laboratory will be completed by Wright Lab Services, Inc.
(WLSI) under the supervision of REWAI.
II. Procedures
o Issuing Supplies
sample bank will issue sample
collection tags, chain-of -custody
description forms to the field
. As appropriate, the
containers, sample
forms, and sit.*
samp ling t earns .
o Accepting and Logging Samples
. Soil samples collected by the field sampling teams shall
be transferred to the sample bank by the team leaders
for transfer of custody. Prior to accepting custody Q-t
any sample, the sample bank personnel will assure:
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REWAI/G+W
- Each sample has a properly completed soil
sample collection tag attached.
- All samples are identified on the chain-o-f-custody
forms.
- Each site sampled has a completely filed out Sampling
Site Description Form.
- Any discrepancies are corrected prior to accepting
custody. Any discrepancies which cannot be resolved
to the satisfaction of the sample bank may require
re-sampling, filling out additional tags and forms,
and/or re-visiting the field site to obtain any
additional documentation required.
Upon acceptance of sample custody by the sample bank
personnel, each sample shall be recorded in the master
log book. Because of the large number of samples which
will be collected as a result of this sampling event,
the master log book will be kept on a computer data
base, with hardcopy back-up revised weekly.
o Soil Samples
All sample bank numbers designating soil samples shall
begin with the letter "S". The remaining -five digits of
the number begin with 0(30(211 (i.e. the first soil sample
entered into the log book will b* 500001, the second
soil sample will be S00002, etc.).
The log book will b* arranged so that similar samples are
grouped together. For example, all soil samples would
be grouped separately from quality control samples.
Soil samples shall be prepared for analysis by WLSI under
the direction of REWAI before they are shipped to the
analytical laboratory. Samples will only be given an
analytical tag AFTER preparation.
After assigning a sample bank number to the soil sample
and recording the proper information into the log book,
the sample shall be placed into a properly identified
drying container (labelled with the sample bank
number). Sample preparation will then proceed as
descrioed by the Soil Sampling Protocol.
13
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Page 4 of 5
REWAI/G+W
I-f the sample is to be a split sample, three 10 g samples
shall be prepared -following mixing. Each sample shall
be placed into a clean polyethylene vial to which a
completed analysis tag is attached. A sample bank
number will be assigned to the additional two samples,
and an X, Y and Z designation will be placed at the end
of the site identification code numbers. Finally, all
three samples will be logged into the master log book.
All soil samples shall be prepared identically. For those
soil samples that are not designated as splits, a
minimum 10 g portion of the mixed soil will be placed
into a clean polyethylene vial to which a completed
analysis tag has been attached. All necessary
information will be recorded in the log book. Remaining
soil not consumed by the analyses will be returned to
the sample bank in its original 125 ml bottle for
storage in a secure area at the sample bank.
Soil samples submitted to the laboratory for analysis
shall consist of mineral soil less than 2.0 mm. Any
material larger than 2.0 mm will be separated during
the preparation procedure. This material will be
archived along with other remaining soil.
Subsequent to preparation and completion of an analytical
tag, the samples may be shipped to the analytical
laboratory. Proper chain-of-custody shall be completed
and will accompany the samples. A record will be made
in the master log book to designate the laboratory to
which the samples have been sent.
Analysis of all soil samples shall be as described in the
Soil Sampling Protocol using the methodology and
equipment specified by Attachment 1C of REWAI's Phase I
Soil Sampling Protocol dated 11/20/86.
Upon completion of the soil analyses, all analytical data
will be sent to REWAI for validation subsequent to
which it will be forwarded to EPA Region 3.
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o Vegetation Samples
. All sample bank numbers designating vegetation samples
shall begin with the capital letter "V". The remaining
•five digits Mill be numbers beginning with 80001 (i.e.
the -first vegetation sample logged into the master log
book will be V00001 , the second will be V00002, etc.).
. A-fter assigning a sample bank number, that number along
with the collection tag number, date collected, media,
chain-of -custody form number and the site I.D. code
number shall be recorded in the master log book.
. The sample bank number shall be clearly marked in the
remarks section of the sample collection tag. The
sample collection tag will not be removed from the
sample container, and the vegetation sample will be
stored as required by the Soil Sampling Protocol.
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PALMERTON ZINC NPL SITE INVESTIGATION
PHASE II SOIL SAMPLING
REWAI/G+W
DATE 05/20/86
ATTACHMENT 1A
List o-f 484 Sampling Location Coordinates
As Proposed bv EMSL-LV
17
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EMSL-LV
LIST OF SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Number Location Number Location Number Location
1 AD16 39 AK07 77 AR37
2 AD22 40 AK10 78 AR39
3 AD25 41 AK12 79 AS19
4 AE13 42 AK15 80 AS20
5 AE16 43 AK18 81 AS22
6 AE20 44 AK28 82 AS24
7 AE23 45 AL07 83 AS26
8 AE26 46 AL29 84 AS28
9 AE28 47 AL34 85 AS31
10 AE30 48 AL36 86 AS35
11 AE31 49 AM04 87 AS36
12 AF25 50 AM10 88 AS41
13 AF27 51 AM11 89 AT27
14 AF29 52 AM14 90 AT37
15 AG04 53 AMIS 91 AT38
16 AG06 54 AM24 92 AT40
17 AGIO 55 AM26 93 AU18
18 AG24 56 AM32 94 AU22
19 AG26 57 AN21 95 AU24
20 AG28 58 AN30 96 AU26
21 AG30 59 AN35 97 AV21
22 AH05 60 A024 98 AV37
23 AH11 61 A026 99 AV34
24 AH13 62 A028 100 AV38
25 AH16 63 A037 101 AV40
26 AH19 64 A038 102 AMIS
27 AH29 65 A039 103 AW24
28 AI06 66 APIS 104 AW35
29 AI08 67 AP30 105 AW39
30 AI10 68 AP32 106 AX 19
31 AI24 69 AP35 107 AX21
32 AI26 70 AQ22 108 AX23
33 AI28 71 AQ24 109 AX27
34 AJ05 72 AQ26 110 AY20
35 AJ09 73 AQ28 111 AY35
36 AJ21 74 AQ40 112 BA18
37 AJ30 75 AR18 113 BA21
38 -AJ33 76 AR33 114 BA23
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EMSL-LV
Number Location Number Location Number Location
115 BA26 158 BJ63 201 BP54
116 BB24 159 BJ66 202 BP59
117 BB33 160 BJ68 203 BP73
118 BB36 161 BJ71 204 BP75
119 BC21 162 BJ73 205 BQ21
120 BC23 163 BJ75 206 BQ28
121 BC26 164 BJ77 207 BQ54
122 B036 165 BK23 208 BQ56
123 BE18 166 BK28 209 BQ61
124 BE21 167 BK33 210 BQ63
125 BE24 168 BK56 211 BQ68
126 BE25 169 BK57 212 BQ70
127 BF32 170 BK67 213 BR26
128 BF35 171 BL18 214 BR65
12*9 BF65 172 BL58 215 BR75
130 BF73 173 BL60 216 BR77
131 BF77 174 BL62 217 BS18
132 BG27 175 BL65 218 BS23
133 BG33 176 BL68 219 BS28
134 BG61 177 BL71 220 BS40
135 BG64 178 BL73 221 BS62
136 BG68 179 BL75 222 BS66
137 BG72 180 BL77 223 BS69
138 BG75 181 BM21 224 BS72
139 BH56 182 BM31 225 BU54
140 BH61 183 BM33 226 BU56
141 BH63 184 BM59 227 BU59
142 BH67 185 BN26 228 BU60
143 BH70 186 BN56 229 BV20
144 BH76 187 BN57 230 BV26
145 BH77 188 BN64 231 BV40
146 BI18 189 BN66 232 BV58
147 BI22 190 BN68 233 BV72
148 BI32 191 BN70 234 BV74
149 BI33 192 BN72 235 BV76
150 BI57 193 BN74 236 BU27
151 BIS9 194 BN76 237 BW28
152 BI66 195 BN78 238 BW29
153 BI69 196 B023 239 BW39
154 B173 197 B027 240 BW58
155 BI76 198 8033 241 BW60
156 BJ26 199 BOSS 242 BW64
157 - BJ61 200 BP18 243 BW68
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EMSL-LV
Location Number Location Number Location
244 BW73 287 CE28 330 CN30
245 BX18 288 CE30 331 CN32
246 BX22 289 CE32 332 C025
247 BX56 290 CF18 333 CP24
248 BX66 291 CF25 334 CP26
249 BY24 292 CF69 335 CP30
250 BY26 293 CF72 336 CP32
251 BY27 294 CG20 337 CR18
252 BY28 295 CG23 338 CR21
253 BY30 296 CG25 339 CR25
254 BY37 297 CG28 340 CR27
255 BZ19 298 CG30 341 CS24
256 BZ26 299 CG32 342 CT24
257 BZ27 300 CG72 343 CU23
258 BZ59 301 CH24 344 CU27
259 BZ61 302 CH27 345 CU30
260 BZ64 303 CH67 346 CU31
261 BZ68 304 CH69 347 CV18
262 BZ72 305 CH70 348 CV21
263 CA21 306 CI23 349 CV25
264 CA28 307 CI25 350 CW22
265 CA32 308 CI28 351 CW23
266 CA35 309 CI30 352 CW32
267 CA37 310 CI32 353 CX31
268 CA70 311 CI69 354 CX33
269 CB19 312 CI72 355 CY25
270 CB23 313 CJ18 356 CZ18
271 CB67 314 CJ20 357 CZ21
272 CC26 315 CJ22 358 CZ23
273 CC28 316 CJ26 359 CZ24
274 CC30 317 CJ29 360 CZ33
275 CC32 318 CJ31 361 DA22
276 CC36 319 CK24 362 OB18
277 CC66 320 CK28 363 DB28
278 C022 321 CK30 364 DB33
279 C025 322 CK32 365 DC24
280 C027 323 CK71 366 D021
281 C029 324 CL26 367 D026
282 C064 325 CM25 368 D032
283 C069 326 CM31 369 DE28
284 C072 327 CN18 370 DF20
285 CE20 328 CN20 371 DF22
286 CE26 329 CN22 372 OG19
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EMSL-LV
Number Location Number Location Number Location
373 DG24 416 DV26 459 EJ31
374 DG27 417 DW22 460 EJ37
375 DG32 418 DW30 461 EJ39
376 DI22 419 DW32 462 EK35
377 DI27 420 DW39 463 EL24
378 DJ28 421 DX18 464 EL26
379 OK18 422 DX25 465 EL29
380 DK20 423 DX33 466 EL32
381 DK21 424 DX35 467 EM37
382 OK24 425 DY24 468 EN24
383 DK26 426 DY27 469 EN27
384 DK31 427 DY31 470 EN40
385 DK33 428 DY33 471 £030
386 DK36 429 OY37 472 E033
387 DM26 430 EB28 473 EP35
338 DM28 431 EB35 474 EQ24
389 DN21 432 EC24 475 EQ27
390 DN33 433 EC27 476 EQ37
391 DN35 434 EC30 477 ER29
392 OP18 435 EC32 478 ER32
393 DP23 436 EC33 479 ET24
394 DP25 437 EC39 480 ET27
395 DP31 438 EE26 481 ET30
396 DP33 439 EE30 482 ET37
397 DP36 440 EE31 483 ET38
398 DQ20 441 EE35 484 ET40
399 DQ22 442 EE37
400 DQ32 443 EF24
401 OR18 444 EF27
402 DR33 445 EF29
403 DR37 446 EF32
404 DS21 447 EF37
405 DS23 448 EF39
406 DS26 449 EG24
407 DT19 450 EG26
408 DT21 451 EG29
409 OT30 452 EG35
410 DT32 453 EH26
411 DT36 454 EH31
412 DU18 455 EI24
413 DU27 456 EI25
414 DV21 457 EI36
415 DV22 458 EJ29
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION III
IN THE MATTER OF:
Palmerton Zinc Site
Horsehead Industries, Inc., and its
Division, The New Jersey Zinc Company
204 E. 39th Street
New York, NY 10016
U.S. EPA Docket No.
Gulf & Western Industries, Inc. III-85-23-DC
One Gulf & Western Plaza
New York, NY 10023
Respondents
Proceeding Under Section 106(a)
of the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act of 1980
(42 U.S.C. §9606(a))
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER BY CONSENT
The parties to rhis Administrative Order By Consent ("Consent Order"),
having agreed to the entry of this Consent Order, it is therefore Ordered,
Adjudged, and Decreed that:
I. JURISDICTION
This Consent Order is issued pursuant to the authority vested in the
President of the United States by Section 106(a) of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ("CERCLA"),
42 U.S.C. §9606(a), and delegated to the Administrator of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") on August 14, 1981, by Executive
Order 12316, 46 Fed. Reg. 42237, and further delegated to the Assistant
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Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency Response and the Regional
Administrators by EPA Delegation Nos. 14-14-A and 14-14-C, the latter of
which was signed on April 16, 1984.
Subject to the provisions of this Order, the respondents agree,
solely for the purpose of meeting the requirements of EPA for certain
Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies, and without admitting
the jurisdiction of EPA to take any action beyond the scope of this
Consent Order or the propriety of such action under CEBCLA or otherwise,
to undertake all actions required of them by the terms and conditions
of this Consent Order and agree not to contest EPA's jurisdiction to
enter this Consent Order or the respondents' obligations assumed under
this Consent Order.
II. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
In entering into this Consent Order, the objectives of EPA
and the respondents are to conduct 1) as to the New Jersey Zinc Company
a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study ("RI/FS") for the
Palmerton Zinc Plant - Cinder Bank; 2) as to Gulf & Western Industries,
Inc., an RI/FS on certain offsite areas. The activities conducted
pursuant to this Consent Order shall be consistent with the National
Contingency Plan, 40 CFR Part 300.68(c)-(i) (47 Fed. Beg. 31180, July
16, 1982, revised at 48 Fed. Reg. 40658, September 8, 1983).
III. FINDINGS AND DETERMINATIONS
EPA has determined that:
A. The respondents are Horsehead Industries, Inc., and its Division,
The New Jersey Zinc Company ("New Jersey Zinc"), and Gulf & Western
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3.
Industries, Inc., ("G & W"). Corporate headquarters for New Jersey
Zinc are located at 204 E. 39th Street, New York, New York 10016.
Local offices are at 4th Street and Delaware Avenue, Palmerton, Pennsy-
lvania 18071. Corporate headquarters for G & W are located at One
Gulf & Western Plaza, New York, New York 10023.
B. The Palmerton Zinc Site ("Site") includes a cinder bank approxi-
mately 2 1/2 miles long and other portions of property currently owned
by New Jersey Zinc in Carbon County, Pennsylvania. The Site also
includes an area outside the Palmerton Zinc Plant property ("off-plant
area").
C. The cinder bank consists of approximately 33 million tons
of material from a zinc smelter now owned by New Jersey Zinc.
D. New Jersey Zinc is the current owner of the cinder bank as well as
the smelter. G & W is a prior owner of the cinder bank and smelter.
£. The Palmerton Zinc Pile is on the National Priorities List in
accordance with Section 105(8) of CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. §9605(8).
F. Hazardous substances within the meaning of Section 101(14) of
CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. §9601(14), are present at the Site. Substances of
primary concern are arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, selenium and zinc.
G. The Aquashicola Creek, which joins the Lehigh River downstream,
is adjacent to the Site and ground water resources are found below the Site.
H. Preliminary data indicate that surface runoff and erosion from
the Site discharge into the Aquashicola Creek. Samples from shallow wells
at the Site have shown elevated levels of cadmium. Soil samples from the
off-plant area indicate the presence of elevated levels of cadmium.
I. These conditions constitute "a release or threat of a release" as
defined in Section 101(22) of CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. §9601(22).
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4.
J. The Sice is a "iacility" as defined in Section 101(9) of CERCLA,
42 U.S.C. §9601(9).
K. New Jersey Zinc and G & W are "persons" as defined in Section
101(21) of CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. §9601(21).
L. Because of an actual or threatened release of hazardous substances
from the Site, there may be an imminent and substantial endaagerment to
the public health or welfare or the environment, warranting the further
investigation of conditions at the Site as provided herein.
IV. PARTIES BOUND
This Consent Order shall apply to and be binding upon New Jersey
Zinc, G & U and EPA, their agents, successors, and assigns. Notice of
this Consent Order shall be given to all persons, contractors and
consultants acting under or for either New Jersey Zinc, G & W or EPA
or any combination of the above, in connection with the work required
herein.
In the event of any change in ownership or control of the cinder
bank or Palmerton Plane, New Jersey Zinc shall notify the EPA in writing
of such change and shall provide a copy of this Order to the transferee
in interest.
V. NOTICE TO THE STATE
Notice of issuance of this Order has been given to the State of
Pennsylvania, pursuant to Section 106(a) of CEBCLA, 42 U.S.C. S9606(a).
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5.
VI. WORK TO BE PERFORMED
All response work performed pursuant to this Consent Order shall be
under the direction, and supervision of qualified personnel. New Jersey
Zinc and G & W shall notify EPA in writing, forty-five (45) days prior
to the initiation of their respective Site work, of the identity of
the persons to be primarily responsible for and of any contractor
and/or subcontractors to be used in carrying out the terms of this
Consent Order. EPA may disapprove the use of any supervisory personnel,
contractor and/or subcontractor if EPA believes they are not qualified
to perform the response work. EPA shall not unreasonably veto New
Jersey Zinc's or G & W's choice of supervisory personnel, contractor
or subcontractor. In the event of a disapproval, EPA shall be notified
within thirty (30) days of the person, contractor or subcontractor
that will replace the one that was disapproved, and the work schedule
provided in the Scope of Work applicable to the respondent whose choice
of personnel has been disapproved shall be extended for a period equal
to the length of time it takes that respondent to find a new contractor
or subcontractor. In the event that agreement cannot be reached within
30 days after disapproval by EPA, EPA reserves the right to perform the
RI/FS for that respondent to the extent authorized by CEBCLA. In
the event of such election by EPA, that respondent's obligations assumed
hereunder shall terminate without penalty.
Work shall be performed by each respondent in accordance with the
terms and conditions of its respective Scope of Work, attached hereto
and incorporated into the Consent Order.
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6.
Within thirty (30) days after receipt of any Site Operations Plan
("SOP") by EPA (as required by each attached Scope of Work), EPA shall
notify the respondent submitting such SOP, in writing, of EPA's approval
or disapproval of the SOP or any part thereof. In the event of any
disapproval, EPA shall give notice of the deficiencies in writing.
Within thirty (30) days of the receipt of EPA notification of SOP
disapproval, the respondent shall amend and submit to EPA a revised
SOP. In the event of subsequent disapproval of the SOP, EPA reserves
the right to conduct the RI/FS for that respondent to the extent authorized
by CERCLA. In the event of such election by EPA, that respondent's
obligations assumed hereunder shall terminate without penalty.
Each respondent shall implement the tasks detailed in its approved
SOP. This work shall be conducted in accordance with the standards,
specifications and schedule contained in the SOP.
EPA shall review the preliminary and final reports (as required by
each attached Scope of Work), and within thirty (30) days of receipt by
EPA of any such reports, EPA shall notify the respondent submitting the
report, in writing, of EPA's approval or disapproval of such reports
or any part thereof. In the event of any disapproval, EPA shall specify
the deficiencies in writing.
Within thirty (30) days of receipt of EPA notification of preliminary
or final report disapproval, the respondent shall amend and submit to
EPA a revised report. In the event of subsequent disapproval of the
report, EPA reserves the right to amend such reports and to perform such
additional studies as it deems necessary to the extent authorized by
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CERCLA. In Che event of such election by EPA, that respondent's
obligation to write a report acceptable to EPA shall terminate without
penalty.
No approvals or disapprovals required to be made by EPA pursuant to
this section shall be made by an employee of EPA below the Chief,
Eazardous Waste Enforcement Branch. The respondents shall have the
right to review by the Division Director, Hazardous Waste Management
Division of any disapproval. The time for resubmittal of a disapproved
document shall be extended for a period equal to the time taken for
review by the Division Director. This review shall not operate as a
substitute for any other form of review, either administrative or judicial,
to which a respondent may be entitled.
Three copies of documents, including reports, approvals or other
correspondence to be submitted pursuant to this Consent Order, shall be
sent by certified mail to the Project Coordinators for New Jersey Zinc,
G & W and EPA, as they may hereafter be designated in writing.
VII. DESIGNATED PROJECT COORDINATORS
On or before the effective date of this Consent Order, EPA, G & W
and New Jersey Zinc shall each designate a Project Coordinator. Each
Project Coordinator shall be responsible for overseeing the implementation
of this Consent'Order. To the maximum extent possible, communications
between respondents and EPA and all documents, including reports,
approvals, and other correspondence, concerning the activities performed
pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Consent Order, shall be
directed through the Project Coordinators.
EPA, New Jersey Zinc and G & W each has the right to change its
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respective Project Coordinator. Such a change shall be accomplished
by notice to all other parties in writing at least five (5) calendar
days prior to the change.
The EPA Project Coordinator shall have the authority vested in the
On-Scene-Coordinator by the National Contingency Plan, 40 C.F.R. Part 300,
47 Fed. Reg. 31180 (July 16, 1982). This authority includes the
authority to halt, conduct, or direct any tasks required by this Consent
Order and/or any response actions or portions thereof when conditions
present an immediate risk to public health or welfare or the environment.
In the event that work is halted or changed under order of the EPA Project
Coordinator pursuant to this section, the schedule for completion
of the work set forth in the affected SOP shall be extended to the extent
of such delay.
VIII. SITE ACCESS
To the extent that property included in the study area is presently
owned by parties other than those bound by this Consent Order, each
respondent will have obtained or will have used its best efforts to obtain
site access agreements from the present owners within thirty (30)
calendar days of approval of its SOP. Such agreements shall provide
access to EPA and/or its authorized representatives and the Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources ("DER"). In the event that
access agreements are not obtained within the time designated above,
EPA shall be notified immediately regarding the lack of such agreements.
If EPA is unable to provide such access, the approved SOP may be modified,
with EPA1 s approval, to take account of such lack of access.
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IX. SAMPLING, ACCESS, AND DATA/DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY
Each respondent shall make the results of all sampling and/or
tests or other data generated by it, or on its behalf, with respect to
the implementation of this Consent Order, available to EPA and shall
submit these results in monthly progress reports as described in each
attached Scope of Work. EPA will make available to the respondents
the results of sampling and/or tests or other data similarly generated
by EPA.
At the request of EPA, each respondent shall allow split or duplicate
samples to be taken by EPA and/or its authorized representatives, of
any samples collected pursuant to the implementation of this Consent
Order. EPA shall be notified not less than forty-eight (48) hours in
advance of any sample collection activity.
EPA, its authorized representatives and DER shall have access to the Site
at reasonable times in order to observe and monitor the progress of the work
and to take samples from and to inspect the Site, and shall have the right
to inspect and copy records related to the performance of the provisions
of the Consent Order as provided herein. EPA shall provide advance
notice to the Project Coordinator responsible for the portion of the
Site EPA intends to enter. Nothing herein shall be interpreted so as
to limit the inspection authority of EPA pursuant to federal law.
All parties with access to the Site pursuant to this paragraph shall
comply with all approved health and safety plans.
Each respondent shall make available to EPA and shall retain
during the pendency of the Consent Order and for a period of six years
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10.
after its termination, all records and documents not privileged, in
its possession, custody or control, that relate to the performance of
the Consent Order, including but not limited to documents reflecting
the results of any sampling, tests or other data or other information
generated or acquired by each respondent, or on its behalf, with respect
to the implementation of this Consent Order. Following that six years,
each respondent shall provide EPA an opportunity to obtain copies of
any documents prior to destruction of those materials.
Each respondent may assert a confidentiality claim covering part or
all of the information requested by this Consent Order pursuant to 40
C.F.R. §2.203(b). Such an assertion shall be adequately substantiated
when the assertion is made. Analytical data shall not be claimed as
confidential by either respondent. Information determined to be confidential
by EPA will be afforded the protection specified in 40 C.F.R. Part 2,
Subpart B. If no such claim accompanies the information when it is
submitted to EPA, it may be made available to the public by EPA without
further notice to the respondent by which it was submitted.
X. DELAY IN PERFORMANCE/STIPULATED PENALTIES
For each week that a respondent fails to submit a report or document
or otherwise fails to achieve the schedule requirements of this Consent Order,
that respondent shall be liable for the sum* set forth below as stipulated
penalties. Checks should be addressed to:
EPA Region 3
Regional Hearing Clerk
P.O. Box 360515M
Pittsburgh, PA 15251
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11.
Stipulated penalties shall accrue in the amount of $375.00 for the
first week, or any portion thereof, and $750.00 for each week thereafter,
or any portion thereof, for failure to comply with a schedule as
required by this Consent Order.
Any stipulated penalty assessed for failure to meet an interim
schedule date for performance of work shall be forgiven in the event
that the corresponding final schedule date for completion of the work
under the SOP is met.
Delay in compliance/performance by a respondent for which a
stipulated penalty may be assessed shall not also subject that respondent
to statutory fines and/or punitive damages.
XI. FORCE MAJEURE
Each respondent shall notify EPA within seven days of any delay
or anticipated delay caused by circumstances beyond its control
that occurs or may occur in the performance of the work or the
submission of reports required under this Consent Order. Such
notification shall be in writing and shall describe fully the nature
of the delay, the actions that will be taken to mitigate further delay,
and the timetable by which the actions in mitigation of the delay will
be taken. If EPA agrees that the delay or anticipated delay has
been or will be caused by circumstances beyond the reasonable control of
that respondent, the time for performance hereunder shall be extended for
a period equal to the delay resulting from such circumstances. Each
respondent shall adopt all reasonable measures to avoid or minimize
delay. Failure of a respondent to comply with the notice requirements
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12.
of this paragraph shall render this paragraph void for that respondent
and shall constitute a waiver of that respondent's right to request a
waiver of the scheduling requirements of this Consent Order.
Any failure to timely complete the work or submit reports that
results from circumstances beyond the control of a respondent and that
cannot be avoided or overcome by due diligence by that respondent, shall
not be deemed a. violation of this Consent Order and shall not make
that respondent liable for the stipulated penalties contained in Section
X of this Consent Order. Circumstances beyond a respondent's control
may include, but shall not be limited to, adverse weather conditions
or unreasonable delay by EPA in reviewing documents or acting on permits.
Increased costs of performance of the terms of this Consent Order or
changed economic circumstances of a respondent shall not be considered
circumstances beyond the control of a respondent. Each respondent
shall have the burden of proving that the delay was caused by circumstances
beyond its control and that it took all reasonable measures to avoid
or minimize the delay.
XII. RESERVATION OF RIGHTS
Except as expressly provided in this Consent Order, each party
expressly reserve all rights and defenses it may have. Moreover, except
as expressly provided, nothing herein shall prevent EPA from seeking
legal or equitable relief to enforce the terms of this Order, including
the imposition of statutory fines and/or punitive damages, or from
taking removal or remedial action to the extent authorized by CEKCLA
or otherwise. EPA will not arbitrarily or unreasonably undertake any
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13.
CERCLA removal or remedial action that falls within the scope of this
Order.
In agreeing to this Consent Order, neither respondent admits any
legal liability whatsoever in connection with the Site or otherwise, or
admits or concurs with any findings of fact or determinations of EPA
contained in this Order, including but not limited to those set forth
in Section III herein.
XIII. OTHER CLAIMS
Nothing herein is intended to release any claims, causes of action
or demands in law or equity against any person, firm, partnership, or
corporation not a signatory to this Consent Order for any liability it
may have arising out of or relating in any way to the generation, storage,
treatment, handling, transportation, release, or disposal of any hazardous
substances, hazardous wastes, pollutants, or contaminants found at, taken
to, or taken from the Site.
This Consent Order does not constitute any decision on preauthorization
of funds under Section lll(a)(2) of CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. §9611(a)(2).
Upon completion by New Jersey Zinc of its obligations under the
Consent Order, G & W waives all claims that it may have against New
Jersey Zinc for recovery of amounts expended by G & W in connnection
with G & W's performance of its obligations under the Consent Order.
Upon completion by G & W of its obligations under the Consent Order,
Mew Jersey Zinc waives all claims that it may have against G & W for
recovery of amounts expended by New Jersey Zinc in connection with
New Jersey Zinc's performance of its obligations under the Consent Order.
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14.
XIV. OTHER APPLICABLE LAWS
In taking the actions required to be taken pursuant to this Consent
Order, each respondent is responsible for and shall comply with the
requirements of all applicable local, state, and federal laws and
regulations, including but not limited to all Pennsylvania laws and
regulations governing solid and hazardous wastes and the use and land
application of sewage sludge.
XV. PUBLIC COMMENT
Upon submittal to EPA of an approved Feasibility Study Final Report,
EPA shall make such Feasibility Study Final Report available to the public
for review and comment for, at a mini mam, a twenty-one (21) day period,
pursuant to EPA's Community Relations Policy. Each respondent agrees not
to release any reports required under this Consent Decree unless and until
they have been approved by EPA. Following the public review and comment
period, EPA shall notify each respondent which remedial action alternatives
are approved for the Site.
XVI. EFFECTIVE DATE AND SUBSEQUENT MODIFICATION
The effective date of this Consent Order shall be the date on which
it is signed by EPA. Each respondent acknowledges it has had adequate
opportunity to confer with EPA before entry of this Consent Order.
This Consent Order may be amended by mutual agreement of EPA, New
Jersey Zinc and G & W. Such amendments shall be in writing and shall
have as the effective date, that date on which such amendments are
signed by EPA.
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15.
XVII. TERMINATION AND SATISFACTION
The provisions of this Consent Order shall be deemed satisfied by a
respondent upon that respondent's receipt of written notice from EPA that
it has demonstrated, to the satisfaction of EPA, that all of the applicable
terms of this Consent Order have been completed.
IT IS SO AGREED AND ORDERED:
HORSEHEAD INDUSTRIES, INC.
Title:
l/tcc.
5«A>. >/.
"Date'
GULF & WESTERN INDUSTRIES, INC.
Title: Executive Vice President
September 12, 1985
Date
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
///'^Regional Administrator
//' EPA Region III
Date
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SCOPE OF WORK
I. OBJECTIVES
The prime objectives of the New Jersey Zinc RI/FS shall be to:
a. determine the extent, concentration and physical/chemical properties
of hazardous substances at the Site;
b. determine the character and extent of surface water/sediment
contamination caused by the Site and the potential for further
cont amination;
c. determine the character and extent of ground water contamination
caused by the Site and the potential for further contamination;
d. assess the potential risks to the public health and the environ-
ment associated with the levels of contamination resulting
from the Site;
e. identify technologies for the Site and evaluate their appropriate-
ness/applicability for remediating Site contamination and for
compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations.
Current RI/FS guidance documents provided to New Jersey Zinc by EPA shall be
adhered to in the performance of the RI/FS.
Existing data that is of sufficient quality, reliability and relevancy shall
be used to the greatest extent possible to develop and conduct an efficient
and effective RI/RS.
II. SITE OPERATIONS PLAN
New Jersey Zinc shall submit a Site Operations Plan within 60 days of the
effective date of this Order with the exception of the portion of the
operations plan directly relating to TASK 7, which may be submitted
within 90 days of the effective date of the Order.
In order to assure cooperation and effective communication during the
development of the Site Operations Plan, a weekly project status meeting
will be held between the EPA and New Jersey Zinc Project Coordinators.
A representative from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
will be invited by EPA to the meeting.
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2.
The Sice Operations Plan shall include the following:
TASK 1 Community Relations Plan
The Site Operations Plan shall include procedures for New Jersey
Zinc to assist EPA in implementing EPA's community relations plan
in accordance with EPA's Community Relations Handbook.
TASK 2 Health and Safety Plan
The Site Operations Plan shall include a Health and Safety Plan
developed in accordance with current RI/RS guidance documents.
TASK 3 Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Chain-of-Custody
Procedures Plan
New Jersey Zinc shall specify in the Site Operations Plan all
quality assurance, quality control and chain-of-custody procedures
used throughout all sample collection and analysis activities.
The procedures shall be developed in accordance with the "EPA
NEIC Policies and Procedures Manual", Hay 1978, revised November
1984, EPA-330/9-78-001-R. New Jersey Zinc shall consult with
EPA in the development of these procedures and in the planning
for, and prior to, all sampling and analysis as detailed in the
Site Operations Plan. New Jersey Zinc shall ensure that EPA
personnel are allowed access to the laboratory utilized by New
Jersey Zinc for analysis of samples collected pursuant to this
Consent Order, for the purposes of verifying laboratory capability,
adherence to procedures, and inspection of records. New Jersey
Zinc agrees to analyze performance evaluation samples at EPA
request and further agrees to accept blind samples at a rate not
to exceed 10X of the analytical workload.
TASK 4 Ground Survey/Mapping
The Site Operations Plan shall include a schedule for preparing a
topographic map of the area 1,000 feet to the east and west of
the Cinder Bank running from the north end of Aquashicola Creek
to the top of Blue Mountain. The contour interval shall be a
minimum of 5 feet. All monitoring wells will be located horizontally
and vertically with respect to the site grid and datum.
TASK 5 Cinder Bank Characterization
The Site Operations Plan shall include a schedule to obtain the
information necessary to determine the extent, concentrations and
physical/chemical properties of hazardous substances at the cinder
bank. The schedule shall incorporate the following elements:
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3.
a. a comprehensive data review of existing information to:
(1) identify in detail the types, quantities and location of
wastes deposited on the cinder bank, (2) present and summarize
available information and analytical data on the concentrations,
physical/chemical properties and distribution of hazardous
substances on the cinder bank;
b. submittal of a letter report to EPA detailing the review
conducted under a above;
c. submittal of a letter report to EPA providing EPA with the
recommendations on the need for conducting field studies
or analyzing existing cores samples to better characterize
the cinder bank. If such work is approved by EPA, New Jersey
Zinc shall perform the work.
d. preparation of a list describing all previously collected
core samples from the cinder bank. This list shall be
submitted to EPA. New Jersey Zinc shall retain such samples
for 3 years. All such samples shall be available to EPA
or its contractors for analysis upon request.
TASK 6 Surface Water Assessment
The Site Operations Plan shall include a schedule for conducting
a surface water assessment. The schedule shall include the
following elements:
a. a comprehensive review of existing data on run-on and runoff,
stream quality data and aquatic life in Aquashicola Creek and
the Lehigh River in the vicinity of its confluence with the
Creek;
b. preparation of a sampling plan to include the following
sampling points: (1) run-on to the cinder bank, (2) runoff/
leachate from the cinder bank, (3) surface water/sediment from
Aquashicola Creek and the Lehigh River, and (4) all point
discharges controlled by New Jersey Zinc. For point discharges
not controlled by New Jersey Zinc, New Jersey Zinc will attempt
to obtain and review sampling data from owners of the point
source. If the data is inadequate New Jersey Zinc will make a
reasonable attempt to collect samples of the discharge for
analysis. If New Jersey Zinc cannot obtain data and/or collect
the samples, EPA retains the right to collect the data and/or
have the samples collected.
c. plans for two rounds of sampling. One round shall be conducted
during a wet period in the Spring of 1986 (no later than March
30, 1986) and the other round during a dry period in the Summer
of 1986 (no later than August 30, 1986). A minimum of 70 surface
water/sediment samples will be collected in total for these
two rounds.
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4.
d. flow measurements adequate to perform a mass loading analysis
in conjunction with sampling rounds;
e. samples analysis for total cadmium, lead, manganese, zinc and
copper and for pH.
TASK 7 Geology/Hydrogeology Investigation
The Site Operations Plan shall include a program for performing a
geology/hydrogeology investigation that will include the following
elements:
a. a comprehensive review of all literature, data and other infor-
mation regarding the geology and hydrogeology of the site
vicinity;
b. a shallow ground water field investigation program that shall
involve the installation of a minimum of 10 shallow monitoring
wells (eash well approximately 50 feet deep). A minimum of two
rounds of well sampling will be performed. If possible, well
sampling will be done concurrently with the surface water sampling.
c. a program to assess the interrelationship between the shallow
and deeper formations. Additional wells will be drilled and an
adequate testing program will be implemented if the existing
information is inadequate to provide an accurate assessment
of the interrelationship.
All work under the SOP, including placement of monitoring wells,
will take into consideration the need for equivalent or similar
work that New Jersey Zinc must complete in order to meet the
requirements of RCRA, in order to avoid duplication of required work
wherever possible.
TASK 8 Identification of Technologies for Remediating Site Contamination
New Jersey Zinc shall include a schedule for identifying and
evaluating remedial technologies and conducting a feasibility
study in accordance with current EPA, RI/FS guidance documents.
As part of this activity New Jersey Zinc shall diligently attempt to
obtain a demonstration permit from the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources for applying sewage sludge to the steep
slopes of the cinder bank for the purposes of investigating
and evaluating techniques to revegetate the cinder bank.
TASK 9 Remedial Investigation Report
A remedial investigation report shall be prepared in
acordance with current EPA RI/RS guidance documents. A final
remedial investigation report shall be submitted to EPA
within 15 months of the effective date of this Order.
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5.
TASK 10 Feasibility Study Report
A feasibility study report shall be prepared in accordance
with current EPA RI/FS guidance documents. A final feasibility
study report shall be submitted to EPA within 18 months
of the effective date of this Order.
TASK 11 Reporting Requirements
The Site Operations Plan shall specify the frequency and content
of project status reports to be submitted by New Jersey Zinc
to EPA during the performance of the RI/FS.
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SCOPE OF WORK
I. OBJECTIVES
The prime objectives of the Gulf & Western (G & W) RI/FS
shall be to:
a. determine the extent, concentration and physical/chemical
properties of hazardous substances in the offsite area
deposited by emissions from the New Jersey Zinc smelter,
including the extent of surface soil contamination resulting
therefrom;
b. determine the current and potential future risks the hazardous
substances are or may be posing to the environment, agriculture
and public health in the site area;
c. identify technologies and evaluate their appropriateness/
applicability for remediating the offsite contamination and
for compliance with all federal, state and local laws and
regulations.
Current RI/FS guidance documents provided to G & W by EPA shall be
adhered to in the performance of the RI/FS.
II. SITE OPERATIONS PLAN
Within 15 days of the effective date of this Consent Order, G & W
shall submit a Site Operations Plan for the Phase I soil sampling
program described in Task 3. Within 15 days of EPA approval of the
Phase I SOP, the Site Operations Plan for the other work not relating
to the Phase I soil sampling program shall be submitted by G & W.
The Site Operation Plans shall include the following:
Task I Community Relations Plan
The Site Operations Plan shall include procedures for G & W to assist
EPA in implementing EPA's community relations plan in accordance with
EPA's Community Relations Handbook provided to G & W.
Task 2 Health and Safety Plan
The Site Operations Plan shall include a Health and Safety Plan
developed in accordance with current RI/FS guidance documents. Level
D protection shall be used unless unanticipated site conditions indicate
otherwise.
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2.
Task. 3 Soil Sampling
The Site Operations Plan shall specify that the soil sampling
will include a Phase I and, if determined necessary by EPA, a Phase
II sampling program.
The sampling program should be implemented in accordance with
the Palmerton Zinc NPL Site Investigation Soil Sampling Protocol, dated
September 27, 1984, except to the extent that deviations from the protocol
have been required or are in the future approved by EPA. Samples
will be collected at the locations previously specified by EPA,
unless lack of access or physical obstructions requires that sampling
locations be changed.
The total number of laboratory analyses for soil samples and quality
assurance samples required in the soil sampling protocol will not exceed
300 for the Phase I program. If EPA determines a Phase II program is
necessary, the total number of laboratory analyses of soil samples and
quality assurance samplies required by the protocol for the Phase I and
Phase II programs combined will not exceed 1,000.
The parameters to be utilized by the analytical laboratory for all
Phase I and, if necessary, Phase II samples shall be those outlined in
the August 19, 1985, letter from R.E. Wright Associates, Inc., to Edward
Shoener. The Pennsylvania State University Laboratory or another laboratory
acceptable to EPA shall perform all Phase I and, if necessary, Phase II
analyses. The quality control and chain-of-custody procedures, as well
as the analytical methods to be utilized by the laboratory, shall be
developed in accordance with the "EPA NEIC Policies and Procedures manual",
May 1978, revised November 1984, EPA-330/9-78-001-R, and shall be specified
in the Site Operations Plan.
All Phase I field saapling activities shall be completed within
60 days of Phase I SOP approval. Within 60 days of completion of field
sampling activities G & W shall have completed all analyses of the samples
and submitted to EPA a compilation of the results for all soil samples and
quality control samples. G & W shall also submit copies of any and all
logs, notes, sketches, and other information specified in the protocol if
requested by EPA.
EPA shall review the Phase I data and determine the need for a Phase
II Program. G & W consultants shall be available to EPA for consultation
(including one trip to EMSL in Las Vegas, Nevada) in order for EPA to
thoroughly analyze the data and specify the requirements, if any, for the
Phase II program.
Within 60 days of receipt of all Phase I analyses EPA shall notify
G & W if a Phase II program is necessary and if necessary, EPA shall specify
in writing to G & W the Phase II sampling locations, depths and quality
assurance samples required. Within 30 days G & W shall then modify
the Phase I plan to incorporate these new specifications. All other
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3.
specifications in the Phase I plan should be adhered to by G & W in
the Phase II program unless the EPA project coordinator grants G & W
written permission to make additional modifications.
If a Phase II program is necessary, G & W shall collect the Phase
II samples, perform the analyses and shall submic the same type of
information as was required for the Phase I program within 180 days of
EPA approval of the Phase II SOP. EPA shall review this data and
provide to G & W all maps, statistical analyses and technical reports
relating to EPA's review of the data's statistical significance and
distribution within 60 days of receipt of the Phase II data.
Task 4 - Identification of Technologies for Remediating Site Contamination
Dr. Dale Baker will be retained on behalf of G & W to conduct the
investigation and submit the reports and data as specified in
"Strategies for Management of Cropland Soils Contaminated with Zinc
and Cadmium in the Vicinity of Palmerton, Pennsylvania," Principal
Investigator: Dale E. Baker. G & W shall also consider any other
technologies as may be appropriate under the requirements of the NCF
to remediate any environmental or public health damage or threats.
G & W shall include a schedule for identifying and evaluating remedial
technologies and conducting a feasibility study in accordance with
current EPA RI/FS guidance documents.
Task 5 - Remedial Investigation Report
A remedial investigation report shall be prepared in accordance
with current EPA RI/FS guidance documents. All data collected during
the field activities required under this Order along with all other
data collected by other researchers that is in the possession of EPA
or is otherwise readily available to G & W shall be reviewed and evaluated
in the RI report. A draft remedial investigation report shall be
submitted to EPA within 90 days of G & W's receipt of EPA's review of
the Phase II soil data and a final report shall be submitted within
30 days of receipt of EPA draft report comments.
Task 6 - Feasibility Study Report
A feasibility study report shall be prepared in accordance with current
EPA RI/FS guidance documents. The feasibility study report shall
be submitted at -the same time that the RI report is submitted.
Task 7 - Reporting Requirements
The Site Operations Plan shall specify the frequency and content
of project status reports to be submitted by G & W during the performance
of the RI/FS.
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[foto wtrog
earth resources consultants
August 19, 1985
Mr. Edward Shoener
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
6th and Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Subject: Soils Analytical Protocol for Palmerton, PA
REWAI Project 8498
Dear Mr. Shoener:
As you requested during our telephone conversation this past
Friday, August 16, 1985, we are enclosing information on the soil
sampling analytical protocol for the Palmerton study. Attached
you will find a copy of the Quality Assurance Program Protocol
submitted to us by Dr. Dale E. Baker of Pennsylvania State
University. This document refers to Diagnostic Soil Tests
(ST-12) , which will be forwarded to you at a later date, as Dr.
Baker neglected to include that with, his submittal to us.
Basically, Diagnostic Soil Tests lists the tests which Penn State
is proposing to complete for the Palmerton samples. These tests
include total metals concentration for Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, and
Cr; and the Baker Soil Diagnostic Test, including Merkle Test,
pH, lime requirements, P, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Na, Al, Pb,
Ni, and Cd. The Baker Test would be a measure of the
availability of the listed metals for plant uptake.
If the Penn State Lab and attached protocol is to be used, their
analyses will produce extraneous data which Gulf and Western will
make available to EPA as a part of the record, but does not
necessarily relate to the specific investigation in any direct
manner. Thus, any data beyond the four (4) metals listed by the
NUS work Plan dated August 1984 and the EMSL-LV Soil Sampling
Protocol dated September 27, 1984 (i.e. Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb) would
have no relationship to any activities of the Palmerton smelter.
Therefore, we should discuss with you, in detail, the need for
and possible use of these additional data.
For analysis of soil samples collected from 210 sampling
locations of our Phase 1 Soil Sampling, we propose to use the
Penn State Laboratory and to complete analyses for Total Metals,
Baker Test, and Merkle Test. For any additional soil samples
3240 schoolhouse road middletown, pa. 17057 (717) 944-5501
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Mr. Edward Shoener - 2 - August 19, 1985
collected during our Phase 2 Soil Sampling, analysis will be for
total Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and pH, with any additional analyses to be
completed solely at the discretion of Gulf and Western.
If you have any questions concerning the laboratory or protocol
discussed herein, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely,
R. E.. WRIGHT ASSOCIATES, INC.
Er/Lc J. Slavin, P.G,
Project Manager
EJS : pr
Enclosures
cc: Mr. Kenneth R. Myers
Mr. Robert P. Marshall
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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT, made as of the 1st day of August, 1985, by and
between OR. DALE E. BAKER, 1429 Harris Street, State College,
Pennsyl vania 16803 and OR. LES E. LANYON, 102 Cherry Ridge Road, State
College, Pennsylvania 16803 (hereinafter called "CONSULTANTS"), and
R. £. WRIGHT ASSOCIATES, 3240 School house Road, Middletown, Pennsylvania
17057 (hereinafter called "COMPANY");
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, COMPANY has outlined a program for the evaluation of land-
use problems associated with soil contamination 1n and around Palmerton,
Pennsylvania, said program being commonly referred to as the Palmerton
Clean-Up Program; and
WHEREAS, as Phase IA of the Palmerton Clean-Up Program, COMPANY
wishes to conduct a study, "Strategies for Management of Cropland Soils
Contaminated with Z1nc and Cadmium 1n the Vicinity of Palmerton,
Pennsyl vania;" and
WHEREAS, CONSULTANTS represent that they are qualified to complete
such a study;
i
NOW, THEREFORE, for and 1n consideration of the foregoing and the
mutual promises and covenants hereinafter set forth, the parties agree
as follows:
ARTICLE I
Scope of Work
CONSULTANTS shal 1, during the term hereof, perform the services
described 1n Exhibit A attached hereto and made a part hereof. Such
tasks are sometimes hereinafter referred to as the "Services."
ARTICLE II
COMPANY Representative
COMPANY hereby designates as its representative to authorize
Services and expenses under this Agreement, Mr. Eric Slavin, R. ft.
Wright Associates, 3240 School house Road, Middletown, Pennsylvania
17057, or such other representative as he may designate in writing.
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ARTICLE III
Compensation to be Paid CONSULTANT
Compensation for the Services provided by 0. E. Baker under this
Agreement shal 1 be at the rate of $50.00 per hour or $350.00 per day
in field plus direct expenses
Compensation for the Services provided by L. E. Lanyon
under this Agreement shall be at the rate of $40.00 per hour or
$300.00 per day in field plus direct expenses.
Complete and accurate records of costs and
hours worked shal 1 be kept by CONSULTANT, and shal 1 be subject to
audit by COMPANY using generally accepted accounting and auditing
procedures. Copies of paid Invoices for direct expenses shall
accompany CONSULTANT'S statement. A detailed statement of charges
shall be prepared and submitted to COMPANY by CONSULTANT on a
calendar month basis. Payments of amounts due shall be made by
COMPANY within flPlseu (13) days after receipt aiiU upui uiul uf jui.li .
* ~~ *~*~ """MJ
ARTICLE IV
Non-Disclosure & Ownership
All written and oral information not in the public domain or not
previously known, and all information and data obtained, developed,
or supplied by COMPANY under this Agreement, or at the expense of
COMPANY, will be kept confidential by CONSULTANTS, their employees,
agents and servants. Such data and information will not be
disclosed or provided to any third party directly or indirectly for
a period of two (2) years after the expiration or termination of
this Agreement without the prior written consent of COMPANY.
CONSULTANTS agree that they will cause their employees, agents and
servants to maintain such confidentiality.
Al 1 drawings, maps, sketches, and other data devel oped, bui It, or
purchased under this Agreement or at the expense of COMPANY shall be
and remain the property of COMPANY and shall be turned over by
CONSULTANTS upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement, if
requested by COMPANY within a reasonable period of time after such
expiration or termination.
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ARTICLE V
Independent Contractor Relationship
CONSULTANTS are and shall at all times be, and shall constitute in
the performance of all work, Services, and activites under this
Agreement, independent contractors. All employees, servants or agents
of CONSULTANT are, and shall be and remain at all times, employees,
servants, or agents of CONSULTANTS and shall not in any way or at any
time be, become, or be deemed to be employees, agents, servants or
subcontractors of COMPANY, and said persons shall at all times and in
all places be subject to the sole direction, supervision and control of
CONSULTANTS.
ARTICLE VI
Professional Responsibility
CONSULTANTS agree, In connection with the Services performed
pursuant to this Agreement, that such work will be performed in
accordance with the standards of care, ski 1 1 and d11igence normal ly
provided by competent professionals in the performance of services in
respect of work similar to that contemplated by this Agreement.
ARTICLE VII
Hold Harmless
CONSULTANTS agree to save, Indemnify and hold COMPANY harmless from
any losses, injuries, damages or liabilities of any kind whatsoever
arising directly or Indirectly out of the performance of this Agreement.
CONSULTANTS' responsibility under this Article shall not apply to any
such losses, damages, Injuries or liabilities arising out of an
intellectual act such as an opinion, report, map, plan, or design
prepared or published by CONSULTANTS unless caused by the willful
misconduct or gross negligence of CONSULTANTS, their employees,
servants, or agents. The foregoing shall not relieve CONSULTANTS of any
liability Imposed by law in connection with the Services furnished under
this Agreement.
-------
ARTICLE VIII
Term and Termination
A. The term of this Agreement shall commence as the the date first
above mentioned, and shall end not later than September 30, 1986, or
such earlier time as CONSULTANTS complete all Services.
B. At Its option, COMPANY may terminate this Agreement at any time upon
ten (10) days written notice to CONSULTANTS. Should this option be
exercised by COMPANY, CONSULTANTS shall be compensated for Services
provided to and including the date of termination.
ARTICLE IX
Compliance with Laws
CONSULTANT shall at all times and places comply with all statutes,
ordinances, rules, orders, regulations, and requirements of federal,
state and local governments, and of their departments, agencies, and
subdivisions, that are applicable to the performance of this Agreement.
CONSULTANTS shall be solely responsible for payment of all fines,
penalties, charges, and costs Imposed for their violations of law,
including without limitation, health, safety, and environmental laws and
regulations. No payment shall be made to CONSULTANTS for or on account
of any cost or expense Incurred in complying with this Article.
ARTICLE X
Equal Employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action
Unless otherwise exempt, CONSULTANT shall comply with the
requirements of Executive Order 11246, the Equal Employment Opportunity
Clause, Certification of Non-Segregated Facilities, Section 503 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1974, Section 402 of the Vietnam Era Veterans
Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974, Executive Order 11625 (entitled
National Program for Minority Business Enterprises), and all applicable
rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and amendments thereto,
specifically Incorporating by reference the provisions of 41 CFR SS 60-
1.4, 60-1.8(b), 60-741.4, 60-250.4 and 1-1310.2 respectively.
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ARTICLE XI
Notices
All notices and/or reports required by this Agreement including
statements and/or invoices shall be deemed to be made or given when
deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, or deliverd in
person, addressed as follows:
COMPANY:
R. C* Wright Associates
3240 School house Road
Mlddletown, Pennsylvania 17057
Attention: Eric Slavin
CONSULTANTS:
Or. Dale E. Baker
1429 Harris Street
State College, Pennsylvania 16803
Dr. Les E. Lanyon
102 Cherry R1dye Road
State College, Pennsylvania 16803
ARTICLE XII
Change of Address
If either party should change Its address as shown in Article XI,
he or it shal 1 notify the other party of such change in the manner set
forth above within fifteen (15) days of such change.
ARTICLE XIII
Choice of Law
This Agreement 1s to be construed and the respective rights of
CONSULTANTS and COMPANY are to be determined according to the laws of
the State of Pennsylvania.
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ARTICLE XIV
Binding Effect
Neither this Agreement, nor any of the rights, duties, OP
obligations thereto, may be assigned, delegated or transferred in any
manner 1n whole or 1n part by CONSULTANTS without first obtaining
COMPANY'S written consent. Any assignment, delegation or transfer in
violation of this restriction shall be void.
ARTICLE XV
Entire Agreement
This Agreement constitutes the.entire Agreement between the parties
hereto and supersedes all other prior agreements and representations.
No amendment hereof shall be binding on any party hereto unless and
until approved in writing by each party.
ARTICLE XVI
Severabi11ty
In the event any provision of this Agreement 1s declared by any
Court of competent jurisdiction to be Invalid or unlawful for any
reason, such Invalidity or unlawfulness shall not affect the remaining
provisions, and this Agreement shall be construed and enforced as if
such Invalid or unlawful provision had never been Inserted in this
Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement
as of the day, month and year first above written.
' R. /.
Wright Associates CONSULTANTS
BY 7*1 I
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Exhibit A
Strategies for Management of Cropland Soils
Contaminated with Zinc and Cadmium
in the Vicinity of Palmerton, Pennsylvania
Principal Investigator: Dale E. Baker, Professor of Soil Chemistry
Project Associate: Les E. Lanyon, Associate Professor
Introduction:
The investigations beiny summarized and prepared as a M.S. Thesis
by John Washington provide much of the soil metal concentration data
required for the development of demonstration projects which will enable
landowners to manage their cropland in an environmentally acceptable
manner. The goal of this Investigation is to concentrate additional
effort on the development and relationship of appropriate rehabilitation
strategies to areas of similar soil resources, land use and concentra-
tions of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) within the surface soil.
The surface metal distribution maps from the work of John
Washington are attached as Appendix A. The predicted total metals
represent the amounts extracted by the EPA method (EPA-600 4-79-520,
Metals by Atomic Absorption Methods, 4.1.3). The method Involves soil
extraction with boiling, concentrated HN03 followed by 1:1 MCI. The
extract able level.s were obtained by the Baker method which Involves an
extraction with OTPA 1n the presence of a balanced cation solution
containing Ca'*"*', Mg**, K*, and H* at appropriate ionic activities for
agricultural soils.
The equations used to generate predicted concentrations for the
various metals are also presented in Appendix A. The r2 values for the
predicted and measured levels for each metal are considered excellent.
Table 1. The relationship (r2) between the predicted and measured
levels for two extraction methods of Pb, Zn and Cd.
Metal Extraction Method _r2_
Zn Total 0.90
Zn Extractable 0.82
Cd Total 0.83
Cd Extractable 0.81
Pb Total 0.72
Pb Extractable N/A
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For sewage sludge applications on land, it is generally agreed that
with routine soil management practices including liming to maintain the
soil pH above 6.0, land contaminated with no more than 2.5 ppm Cd, 125
ppm Zn and 250 ppm Pb can be farmed with no adverse effects on crop
production or on animal or human health. The results in Appendix A
indicate that phytotoxicity of Zn plus Cd is likely to occur before
adverse effects of Cd on animal and human health can be observed. With
this postulate as a basis, the approach of this project will be to
demonstrate the soil management requirements for important crops on
common soils of the area when the total Zn is 125 to 150 ppm or higher
and total Cd is 2.5 to 3.0 ppm or higher.
Part I. Provide a Soil Resource/Land Use Inventory.
Objectives:
1. Relate contaminant distribution to both soil resources and land
uses.
2. Provide a quantitative spatial Information foundation for use in
prioritizing treatment regions.
Methods:
1. Spatial databases would be developed to Include soil metal
distribution, soil association, and land use Information. Previous
work on Cd, Pb, and Zn in the area by John Washington, soil
association maps from soil surveys, and photo interpretation would
be relied upon in the initial stages as Information sources. The
information would be compiled 1n a computer-compatible digitized
format.
2. Composite maps would be developed from the digitized databases
describing the distribution of specific soil resource/land use
combinations associated with the available soil distribution of each
metal. The regions could then be prioritized for targeting the
available demonstration resources. For instance, regions of soils
with high levels of available soil metals that are well suited for
agricultural production and that are being Intensively used for
agriculture may be high priority regions that should be emphasized
in the rehabilitation program. Other regions of low available soil
metals, soils poorly suited for agriculture, and low Intensity of
agricultural use may be low priority regions. Various organizations
responsible for the project could participate in the assignment of
treatment priorities.
Part II. Selection of Field Sites.
Objectives:
Select areas within the priority treatment regions that were
Identified In the preceding stage to evaluate management options in the
field. A minimum of 12 locations will be Included.
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Methods:
Areas with similar soils and land use will be selected which vary
in soil concentrations of Cd and Zn as determined in previous studies.
Soils at these field sites will be sampled using 0-15, 15-30, and 30-45
cm increments. Five samples will be taken from each location using a
circle of 50 meters with one sample from the center and four others from
north, south, east and west of center. The total number of samples
would be at least 180. Each sample would be assayed for total sorbed Zn
and Cd plus extractabl e^l abi le Zn and Cd and pCd and pZn in the OTPA
solution of the Baker method.
Part III. Laboratory Evaluation of Possible Soil Treatments.
Objective:
Screen soil treatment approaches using laboratory incubations. The
effectiveness of the treatments will be evaluated by the Baker soil
test. A minimum of 200 samples will be included.
Methods:
For selected soil locations the surface (0-15 cm) layer or mixtures
of horizons will be used In factorial designs with rates of lime and
rates of humus peat to evaluate their potential for lowering the plant
aval 1 abi 1 ity of both Cd and Zn. The soi 1 -treatment mixtures will be
alternately wetted and air-dried to attain equilibrium. The samples
will then be assayed for metal activity by the Baker method to determine
treatments which show promise for greenhouse and field trials. Results
of this experiment will be used to predict the needed demonstrations
under both greenhouse and field conditions.
Schedule of Work:
November, 1984 - Initiate work on Parts 1 and 2 at Penn State. In
order to obtain samples required for the laboratory assays, some field
work wi 11 be Initiated in November to obtain representati ve sampl es,
hopefully before the soils become frozen.
December, 1984 and January. 1985 - The work on Part 1 wi11 be
completed and the composite maps will be completed.
March, 1985 - The project will be completed. The final report will
Include the strategies for demonstration projects. The initial program
will include soils, treatments and plants in a factorial design for
greenhouse pot studies. In addition, field investigations will be
proposed to relate greenhouse results to field situations.
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BUDGET
Part 1.
L. E. Unyon, Program Leader
Mages
Computer
TOTAL
Part 2.
0. E. Baker, Program Leader
Sample Preparation and Analyses*
Wages
Supplies, Computer, etc.
TOTAL
Part 3.
D. E. Baker, Program Leader
Sample Preparation, Equilibration and Analyses
Wages
Supplies, Computer, etc.
TOTAL
*Analys1s w111 Include the Baker soil diagnostic test, Merkle
sol! test plus the total metals test as performed at a cost of
$44.00 per sample by the Soil and Environmental Chemistry
Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University.
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STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS OF
SECOND PALMERTON SOIL SURVEY
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
Thomas H. Starks
Diana Gruber
Kenneth W. Brown
Technical Contacts
Environmental Research Center
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Computer Sciences Corporation
Las Vegas, Nevada
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada
April 1987
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ABSTRACT
i^aa^
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Subcontract EM 1 ss? RV * £ •
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CONTENTS
Abstract ....
Figures .
Tables ... • • • iv
v
Transparencies
'•••-. vi
Introduction ....
Conclusions ...
Methods of Data Analysis ...
Results and Discussion
4
References .
Appendix-Listing of Data. ....
Ill
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FIGURES
Number .
1 Sample points of second survey ..... 2
2 Sample points of first and second surveys .... 3
3 Cadmium concentrations (mg/kg) in the southwest quadrant . . 5
4 Cadmium concentrations (mg/kg) in the northwest quadrant . . 6
5 Cadmium concentrations (mg/kg) in the northeast quadrant . . 7
6 Cadmium concentrations (mg/kg) in the southeast quadrant . . 8
7 Lead concentrations (mg/kg) in the southwest quadrant . . 9
8 Lead concentrations (mg/kg) in the northwest quadrant . . . 10
9 Lead concentrations (mg/kg) in the northeast quadrant . . . 11
10 Lead concentrations (mg/kg) in the southeast quadrant . . . 12
11 Zinc concentrations (mg/kg) in the southwest quadrant . . . 13
12 Zinc concentrations (mg/kg) in the northwest quadrant . . . 14
13 Zinc concentrations (mg/kg) in the northeast quadrant ... 15
14 Zinc concentrations (mg/kg) in the southeast quadrant . . . 16
15 Isopleths of cadmium concentrations (mg/kg) . . . . 21
16 Isopleths of standard errors of log-transformed cadmium estimates . 22
17 Isopleths of lead concentrations (mg/kg) .... 23
18 Isopleths of standard errors of log-transformed lead estimates . . 24
19 Isopleths of zinc concentrations (mg/kg) .... 25
20 Isopleths of standard errors of log-transformed zinc estimates . . 26
IV
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TABLES
Number
1 Results from Duplicate Samples-Second Palmerton Survey. . . .17
2 Results from Splits - Second Palmerton Survey . . . . .18
3 Comparison of Duplicate-Pair Variances from Two Surveys. . . .18
4 Comparison of Split-Pairs Variances form Two Surveys . . . .19
5 Comparison of Spatial Structure Estimates. . . . . .19
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TRANSPARENCIES
Number Location
1 Geographical features of Palmerton area Back Cover
2 Sample points from both surveys Back Cover
3 Standard error isopleths for log-transformed cadmium estimates . . Back Cover
4. The 10 ppm isopleths for cadmium based on
concentration estimates ± 2 standard errors Back Cover
5 The 50 ppm isopleths for cadmium based on
concentration estimates ± 2 standard errors Back Cover
VI
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the second (1986) soil survey was to determine the spatial distribution of
three metals (cadmium, lead, and zinc) in the region around the two Palmerton smelter facilities.
Soil samples wen taken at 218 sites that were fairly uniformly scattered (see Figure 1) over areas
where concentration of cadmium was anticipated to be at or above 10 ppm, where land use might
dictate remedial action, and that were outside of the central Palmerton area sampled in the first
survey (1985). Figure 2 shows the locations of all the sites sampled in both surveys. (Use
Transparency 1, which can be found in the back-cover envelope, to determine geographical
location of sites.)
The statistical analysis of the data involved evaluation of variances obtained from seven
samples that were split after compositing and mixing to provide two samples for chemical
analysis, and from duplicate samples taken at eleven sites; estimation of spatial structure; and
kriging based on the data from the two studies and the spatial structure estimates to obtain
isopleths of estimated concentration levels.
CONCLUSIONS
The data from this survey allow estimation of the concentrations of cadmium, lead, and
zinc with high levels of precision within the region of sampling. Extrapolation beyond the region
of sampling is extremely imprecise and cannot be recommended. The 10 ppm isopleth for
cadmium is reasonably well defined within the region of sampling with the exception of a few
areas to the north and to the west
METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS
The first step in the data analysis consisted of plotting the measurements at the sample
point locations on the map to allow visual inspection for trends, anomalies, and ranges of values.
Quality assurance data from duplicates were inspected to determine an appropriate transformation
to stabilize the variance, and to estimate that variance that is due to the combined sampling,
handling, subsampling, and analysis sources of variation. Owing to the small number of
duplicates available, determination of appropriate transformation was based on results from the
first survey and from the Dallas Lead Study, as well as from current results. Also after
transformation, variance between splits was estimated to determine the contribution of
subsampling and analytical errors to total variance of the data.
The spatial structures of the concentrations of the four metals in the soil were obtained by
using a method consisting of cross validation and response-surface analysis (see Starks and
Sparks, 1987, in press). This procedure uses the fact that if the spatial structure model is correct,
point kriging estimates are unbiased, and, in addition, unbiased estimates of the sampling
variance of the estimators are obtained The cross validation involves comparing the standardized
residuals obtained in point kriging at the sample points with results that would be obtained in
sampling from a standard normal distribution. By the use of response-surface analysis, one can
compare many models and can find a model that gives the best cross-validation results. This
procedure was applied to the transformed metal concentrations.
Block kriging on 209'x209f blocks centered at points on a 1,000* (5001 for cadmium)
square grid over the sampled region was performed by using the estimated models for spatial
structure. Isopleths of the estimated metal concentrations over the region covered by the sampling
points were obtained by applying the Surface n (piecewise Bessell) interpolation procedure to the
block estimates. Isopleths for standard errors of the metal concentration estimates were obtained
by the same procedure.
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