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APR. 29.1997
Document is available to the public
in limited quantities from EPA,
Forms and Publications Center,
Grand Slam Bldg., Page Road, Interstate 40,
Durham, North Carolina and from
National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, Virginia.
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EPA-906/9-76-002
ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE ASSESSMENT
LAWTON, OKLAHOMA
APRIL 1976
Robert M. LaBreche
Michael L. Mendias
Prepared for
City of Lawton
Lawton, Oklahoma 73501
In Cooperation With
U.S. EPA, Region VI
Air and Hazardous Materials Division
Dallas, Texas 75270
.l- 10007
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DISCLAIMER STATEMENT
This report has been reviewed by Region VI, EPA,
and approved for publication. Approval does not
signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views
and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency,
nor does mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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PREFACE
This report presents a methodology which
communities can use to adequately assess local
environmental noise simply and inexpensively.
The methodology is a refinement of that reported
and validated in Environmental Noise Assessment-
Waco, Texas Metropolitan Area (U.S. EPA, Region VI,
April 5, 1974). It involves only simple instruments
available on loan from EPA and can be conducted
successfully by personnel inexperienced in noise
measurements.
IV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. Introduction 1
II. Conclusions and Recommendations 3
III. Discussion 5
IV. Appendices
A. Appendix A
I. Site Descriptions and Noise Data Summaries A - I
2. Intrusive Noise Source Data Summary. A -80
B. Appendix B
I. Description of the City of Lawton, Oklahoma B - 2
C. Appendix C
I. Operator's Instruction Sheet C - 2
2. Operator's Check List C - 7
3. Operator's Work Schedules... C - 8
4. Supervisor's and Clerk's Instruction Sheet C -I I
D. Appendix D
I. Data Analysis Computer Program D - 5
2. Sample print out D -13
E. Appendix E
I. Weather Statistics E - 2
2. Artillery Firing Schedule E -I I
V. Glossary of Terms Glossary
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INTRODUCTION
This community noise assessment resulted from a request of the Mayor of
Lawton, Oklahoma, to the Regional Administrator of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency dated February 28, 1975. He requested technical assistance to
conduct a noise study for the area north of the Lawton Municipal Airfield. This
request was subsequently expanded to encompass the entire community after
consultation between Lawton and the EPA.
The EPA is authorized to provide such technical assistance to local
governments by Section 14 of the Noise Control Act of 1972 (Public Law 92-574) as
part of its broad mission to promote an environment for all Americans free from
noise that jeopardizes their health or welfare.
Interest in a local noise assessment in Lawton was the result of several
recent actions by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development based
upon predicted noise levels in the community. Some of these actions had
potentially adverse effects upon the City of Lawton. Thus, one purpose of this
assessment was to document actual noise levels in the city.
The specific objectives of this assessment were:
a. To determine by actual measurement if there was a noise problem
in the area north of the Lawton Municipal Airfield.
b. To determine if there was a noise problem in other areas of the
city.
c. To provide the City Council with information for their evaluation
of the need for noise control measures.
d. To provide the Lawton Metropolitan Area Planning Commission with
environmental data for use in land use planning.
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e. To provide a basis of appeal, where appropriate, from restrictions
imposed by other agencies based on theoretical studies.
f. To assist the public in understanding the sources of environmental
noise, its proper measurement, its effect and noise control possibilities.
g. To train City employees in noise monitoring techniques.
h. To establish a base for comparison with future studies.
The assessment was conducted during the summer of 1975, primarily between
June 20 and 23. The EPA provided training and equipment for the assessment. The
City of Lawton Planning Department provided administration, and obtained
needed personnel from other city departments and a summer youth hire program.
Portions of Lawton are subjected to impulsive sounds caused by artillery
firing at Fort Sill adjacent to the City. Since measuring the level and assessing
the effects of such impulsive sounds require instruments and procedures
incompatible with the requirements for more conventional sounds, no measures of
artillery noise levels are included in this report. Where artillery noise was noted
by the operators of noise monitoring stations, only the number of loud discharges
heard is reported. This gives some indication of the significance of artillery noise
at that location.
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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The environmental noise data collected in this assessment indicate that:
I. Few locations within the City of Lawton are presently
adversely impacted by noise.
This can be preserved and enhanced as the city grows by careful
land use planning and the establishment of effective controls
for significant sources of environmental noise.
2. There are probable adverse noise impacts immediately north of the
Lawton Municipal Airport and immediately south of the Fort Sill
Airfield.
A more extensive assessment should be made for these areas
including more rigorous measures of environmental noise; exploration
of potential controls on aircraft noise; and consideration of
other factors such as safety, costs, compatible land use and
community objectives.
3. Small planes, automobiles, and helicopters are the most prevalent
sources of obtrusive noise in Lawton and jet planes are the most intense.
Generally, obtrusive noises occur infrequently in Lawton.
The noise of automobiles and other surface transportation equipment
can be effectively controlled by establishing decibel limits
for vehicle noise emissions. Control of aircraft noise is more
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complex but establishing compatible land use controls, minimum
aircraft altidudes, flight tracks, and operating hours can help
alleviate aircraft noise problems.
Artillery discharges are clearly audible at several locations within
the City of Lawton.
The effect of these sounds can be accurately assessed only
by rigorous and sophisticated measures and/or a social survey
of those subjected to the noise.
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DISCUSSION
Procedure
The assessment involved measuring and classifying environmental noise at
each of eleven locations within the City of Lawton. The measurement sites were
selected by city personnel with the concurrence of EPA. They constitute a
representative sampling of the entire city (see map, Fig. I). The sites were
located in relatively open areas away from the immediate vicinity of sources of
environmental noises such as roadways and buildings. Thus, the data reflect the
sound prevailing over an extended area rather than merely sound generated at a
specific location. Detailed descriptions of each site are given in Appendix Al.
Sound measurements were made by observers using compact, battery powered
sound level meters (Pulsar Model 40, type 2), set to 'A' weighting which most
accurately correlates with human response to noise. The operators made
measurements a 15 second intervals throughout most of each daylight hour, for
two days per site, weather permitting. The data for each hour were recorded on a
data form similar to that shown in Figure 2. On the form, each entry mark
indicates one of the measurements made at 15 second intervals during that hour.
Above 70 dBA, rather than a simple mark, the operator used a code letter to
identify the type of noise source producing the measured sound. The code letters
are indicated on the form.
At the end of each hour, the operator indicated his opinion of the noise
environment during that hour on the right hand of the form. He described it both
in terms of its noisiness and in terms of its acceptability by marking one of the
categories listed. Copies of the detailed instructions given each operator,
monitoring schedules, etc. are included in Appendix C.
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The data obtained were reduced by computer after being transferred to
optical scanning coding forms. The computer statistically analyzed each hour's
data and calculated the corresponding percentile sound levels (L ), and the energy
equivalent average sound level (L ), (see Glossary). It also made similar
eq
calculations for the combined daily data for each site and calculated the
corresponding day-night average sound level (L , ). Appendix D contains a sample
data form, the computer program, and a sample prinout.
8
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Results
The measured environmental noise levels are summarized in Figure 3. The
Figure shows the mean equivalent sound level (L ) calculated from all of the
measurements made at each specified site. The 95 percent confidence intervals
for those means based on the observed variance in daily L at each site are
' eq
indicated. The data are compared with the levels identified in the EPA Report
"Information on Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public
Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Safety" (EPA 550/9-74-004,
March 1974; this document provides information only, it is not a standard,
specification or regulation). It is clear that only sites three and four, those
nearest the two airfields, have probable adverse noise impacts.
The Figure also shows the tenth percent!le noise level (Lir\) for the
combined data from each site. This is included for comparison with the
equivalent sound levels (L ). In a normal noise environment, L,Q has generally
about the same value as L , as is the case at most of the sites. This indicates
eq'
that the L value reflects the composite sound produced by a multiplicity of
sound sources. However, when L significantly exceeds LIQ as at sites three and
four, relatively few, very intense sound sources are dominating the calculated
L value. In these cases, L,Q gives a crude measure of the potential L if
these few, intermittent noises were adequately controlled. Thus, for example,
site four is generally a quiet location except for infrequent but very intense
interruptions by noise from jet aircraft. Detailed breakdowns of the data are
given with the detailed descriptions of each site in Appendix Al.
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75i
70
i
60
55
45
40
DATA SUMMARY
MEAN SOUND LEVELS FOR EACH SITE
SIGNIFICANT
ADVERSE NOISE
IMPACT
ADVERSE NOISE
IMPACT
\ \
SITE NUMBERS
20
LEGEND
MEAN EQUIVALENT SOUND LEVEL ! LEQ' WITH SITE NUMBER
AND 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR DAILY VALUES
^ ^
0 £
HI
TENTH PERCENTILE SOUND LEVEL ! L(0
SITES :
I. KINGSBRIAR
2. SULLIVAN VILLAGE
3. HENRY POST
4. MUNICIPAL AIRPORT
5. CACHE ROAD
6. UNIVERSITY
7. FLOYD
8. EISENHOWER
9. HUNTER HILLS
10. WOODLAND PARK
I I. CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
FIGURE 3
10
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Figure k summarizes the observers' opinions regarding the noise environ-
ment at the sites they operated. On the average, observers felt their location
was quiet about seventy percent of the time and that it was acceptable about
eighty percent of the time. These data pool the opinions at all eleven locations.
A valid comparison of the opinions at each site is not possible since the
differences between sites are confounded with the differences between ob-
server's judgment. That is, since each observer did not monitor each site,
differences in the opinions at the various locations reflect not only the
differences in environmental noise between locations but also the differences in
judgment between the observers at those locations. Avoiding this confounding of
data would have required prohibitively complex logistics for an assessment of
this size.
Figure 5 summarizes all the information gathered regarding sources
producing intrusive environmental noise. The figure shows that small planes,
automobiles, and helicopters are the most prevalent sources of intrusive noise.
At higher levels of noise, jet aircraft dominate.
The relative areas in the figure give a rough estimate of the total sound
energy produced by the various source categories. The two circles are
proportioned to facilitate this estimate. The smaller circle, (observed sources
over 80 dBA) although involving only about ten percent of the sources, has an
area one-fourth of the larger since these sources are two to three times more
intense than the others.
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SUMMARY OF NOISE RATINGS
ALL SITES-ALL DAYS COMBINED
1
100
l
50
DESCRIPTION
VERY
QUIET
QUIET
MILDLY
NOISY
MODERATELY
NOISY
VERY
NOISY
1
o
k
EVALUATION
100
50
o
VERY
ACCEPTABLE
ACCEPTABLE MILDLY MODERATELY VERY
UNACCEPTABLE UNACCEPTABLE UNACCEPTABLE
FIGURE i\
12
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OVER 70 dBA
228 SOURCES
SMALL
PLANES
MISC;
DOGS
EMER. VEHICLES
SOURCES OF INTRUSIVE NOISE
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS
TRUCKS
HELICOPTERS
JETS
AUTOMOBILES
MOTORCYCLES
OVER 80 dBA
24 SOURCES
JETS
MISC.-
AUTOMOBILES
SMALL PLANES
TRUCKS
FIGURE 5
13
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In general, these intrusive noises were infrequent, occuring typically less
than twice in three hours. However, at the Henry Post site (No. 3) 70 dBA was
exceeded on the average over twice in one hour, three times the average,
primarily due to small planes, helicopters, and automobiles. Detailed breakdowns
of the source observations at each site are included in the details of Appendix A I
and are summarized in Appendix A 2.
Another source category of interest in this assessment was artillery firing.
At lease seventy-five discharges were noted by the observers at the various sites.
However, since more sophisticated instruments are required for rigorous
measurement of impulsive sound, artillery noise is not reflected in the values of
the calculated equivalent sound level (L ). A schedule of firing activity at Fort
Sill during the assessment is included in Appendix E 2. A record of the artillery
noise noted at each site is included in the details of Appendix A I.
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APPENDIX A
Al. Site Descriptions and Noise
Data Summaries
The appendix contains the details of the data for each site. The
information for each is presented in the same pattern.
First, a description of the site and its environment is given including
population statistics trends, traffic statistics and projections, and descriptions of
local land use and traffic mix. These are supplemented by a land use map of the
environment and an aerial photograph and map of the site proper.
Second, the periods of operation at the site are summarized.
Third, the sources of noise observed at the site are described. Two
categories are used, typical sources and intrusive sources. The former refer to
those sources which the observers at each site indicated were characteristic of
the environmental sounds heard there. Generally these are the persistent sources
which establish the steady, background noise. The intrusive sources refer to
those sources conspicuously louder than the ambient background. That is, those
sounds which draw attention to themselves. For consistency, only those sources
producing sound at the site in excess of 70 dBA were listed in this category,
although some sounds below that level could also be intrusive, depending upon
their character. These intrusive sources were identified by the observers using
the letter codes discussed in the body of this report. They are reported by source
type, intensity range, and number observed. A summary of all intrusive source
data for each site is given in Appendix A2.
A - 1
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Finally, hourly and daily summaries of the measured environmental
noise levels and a brief evaluation of the results are given. The hourly
summaries are plots of the calculated equivalent sound levels (L ) by the hour
for each site and day. They give the temporal variation of environmental sound
observed at the site that day. At some sites, a pattern can be seen reflecting
increased noise due to commuter traffic in the morning and evening rush hours.
However, a surprising number of sites showed no discernible temporal pattern. In
addition to the hourly L values, statistical percentile levels of the measured
sound are given for each hour - L L,n Lcn These are respectively, the
mQXj lUj DvJ»
highest sound levels measured during the hour, the level above which sounds
occurred only ten percent of the time, and the average numerical level of all
sound measurements that hour. The latter, of course, differs from L which is
eq
an average of sound energies rather than an average of sound levels. (See
Glossary).
The daily summaries are plots of the statistical distribution of all the
measurements at that site that day, and also a tabulation of the daily L values.
The plots indicate the percentage of time the sound at the site was at or above a
particular level. For example, if the plot indicates 54 dBA at the twentieth noise
level percentile, then twenty percent of the time sound at that site that day was
at or above 54 dBA, and eighty percent of the time below 54 dBA.
The brief evaluations compare the daily L levels at the site with those
levels published in the EPA "Levels" document mentioned in the body of this
report. Also, an estimate of citizens attitudes toward these levels is given
A-2
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based on the contents of that document. Finally, the effects of projected
changes in population and traffic volume and any other local factors are
assessed.
A-3
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NO. t KINGSBRIAR
Site Description
A. Population; 1972 - 0
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 15
1995 - 300
B. Land Use
This is an undeveloped area. A small portion of it has been platted
for residential development. It is expected that it will be much
more fully developed by 1995. At the time of the assessment only
three homes had been completed and occupied. It is approximately
1100 yards from the nearest field artillery firing point at Fort Sill.
C. Traffic
Traffic Counts: Map Location 1975 1995
(ADT) I 513 2850
Operations
This site was occupied from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Saturday,
June 21 and Tuesday, June 24. This was the only site where thunderstorms
did not interrupt operations.
Noise Sources
A. Typical Noise Sources
Primary: Automobiles, helicopters
Secondary: Birds, artillery
A-4
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B. Intrusive Noise Sources
Small planes and helicopters were the most prevalent sources
of intrusive environmental noises. However, there was no indication
of an unusually high intensity or incidence rate for these sources
relative to the other sites. The average incidence rate for all sounds
above 70 dBA at this site was one every two hours.
The sources noted during the 32 hours this site was operated
are tabulated below:
Source Number over 70 dBA
Small planes 6
Helicopters 5
Automobiles 3
Motorcycles I
Household equipment I
Total 16
At this site no other sources were noted and no sources exceeded
80 dBA.
IV. Observations
The daily L levels of 55 and 52 dBA indicate little probability
eq
of an adverse noise impact existing at this site. At these levels of environmental
noise, less than ten percent of the population would probably be highly
annoyed by noise.
The projected increases in traffic volume and population will probably
increase these noise levels to that of similarly developed neighborhoods.
A-5
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FORT SILL MILITARY RESERVATION
X VIVIV
VICINITY MAP
1ZZZ1 LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
LAND USE
COMMERICAL
PUBLIC FACILITY
FEET
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INDUSTRIAL
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NO. 2 SULLIVAN VILLAGE
Site Description
Population; 1972 - 592
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 676
1995 - 830
B. Land Use
This is a partially developed area which is essentially residential
with amenities such as a park, school and church nearby.
C. Traffic
Normal residential, few trucks and no buses in the vicinity
of the site.
Traffic Counts Location 1975 1995
I 302 9600
2 4838 17600
Operations
On Sunday, June 22, this site was rained out from 6:00 a.m. to 11:00
a.m. and operated from 11:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.. On Monday, June 23,
it operated from 6:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. , was rained out until 6:00 p.m.
and then operated until 10:00 p.m.. On Wednesday, July 30, a one hour
check was run from 4:00 to 5:00 p.m..
Noise Sources
A. Typical Noise Sources
Primary: Automobiles, helicopters, planes
Secondary: Construction, dogs
A- 10
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B. Intrusive Noise Sources
Small planes were the most prevalent source of intrusive noise
at this site. However, there was no indication of an unusually high
incidence rate or intensity for any sources relative to other sites.
The average incidence rate for all sounds above 70 dBA at this site
was less than one every two hours.
The sources noted during the 24 hours this site operated are
tabulated below.
Source Number over 70 dBA
Small planes 5
Automobiles I
Motorcycles 2
Construction equipment I
Total 9
At this site no other sources were noted and no sources exceeded 80 dBA.
IV. Observations
The daily L levels of 47 and 51 dBA indicate little probability of
an adverse noise impact existing at this site. Probably, at these environmental
noise levels, no one would be highly annoyed by noise. The projected population
growth of about 20 percent and traffic growth of about 400 percent would
probably raise the noise levels, but not result in adverse noise impacts.
A-1
-------
VICINITY MAP
LAND USE
E771 LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL r~—1 COMMERICAL
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL i 1 PUBLIC FACILITY
SV SITE* 2
1NT
VACANT
INDUSTRIAL
A - 12
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NO. 3 HENRY POST
Site Description
A. Population; 1972 - 511
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 505
1995 - 1028
B. Land Use
This site is in a basically residential neighborhood. There
are houses in the immediate vicinity. Highland Cemetery is approximately
250 feet to the south and a large church the same distance to the
north east. The southern end of the Henry Post Airfield runway is
approximately 1,000 yards to the north.
C. Traffic
Normal residential traffic in the immediate vicinity of the
site. Much heavier major arterial traffic 1,000 feet west of the
site.
Traffic Counts: Location 1975 1995
(ADT) 1 20,912 18,000
19,000
9,300
16,800
5,000
1
2
3
4
5
20,912
3,053
17,441
20,453
NA
A- 17
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Operations
This site operated from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, June
21, at which time it was rained out. It operated again from 6:00 a.m.
to 10:00 p.m. on Tuesday, June 2k.
Noise Sources
A. Typical Noise Sources
Primary: Automobiles, yard work, small planes
Secondary: Helicopters, motorcycles, household
B. Intrusive Noise Sources
Small planes, helicopters, automobiles, and jets were the most
prevalent sources of intrusive noises at this site. All had unusually
high incident rates compared to other sites, and the jets produced
unusually intense noise levels. The average incidence rate for sounds
above 70 dBA was over two per hour. Sound levels from jets frequently
exceeded 80 dBA and occasionally exceeded 90 dBA.
The sources noted during the 30 hours this site was operated
are tabulated below.
Source
Jets
Small planes
Helicopters
Automobiles
Motorcycles
Trucks
Railroads
Total
Over
70 dBA
8
19
17
15
5
2
1
67
Over
80 dBA
7
1
1
0
0
0
0
9
Over
90 dBA
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
A-18
-------
Artillery noise was noted four times at this site.
IV. Observations
The daily L levels of 59 and 63 dBA noted at this site indicate a
eq
probable adverse noise impact. At these levels, probably over 20 percent
of the people are highly annoyed by noise. The noise probably interferes
with outdoor activities and also with indoor activities in buildings not properly
designed to exclude exterior noise. The projected changes in population
and traffic probably would have little effect on noise at this site.
A-19
-------
J
HENRY POST
AIRPORT
FORT SILL MILITARY RESERVATION
k v \ v\_\ NA \A \\x\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
HIGHLAND CEMETERY
VICINITY MAP
LAND USE
EZ221 LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL CTZ3 COMMERICAL
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL E"~3 PUBLIC FACILITY
VACANT
INDUSTRIAL
HP SITE* 3
A - 20
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NO. 4 MUNCIPAL AIRPORT
Site Description
A. Population; 1972 - 1581
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 1348
1995 - 1100
B. Land Use
This site is in the center of a quarter section that is predominantly
residential with many vacant lots. The north end of the principal runway
of Lawton Muncipal Airport is eight-tenths of one mile south of the site
which is directly under the north-south landing approach. FHA has projected
an 115 CNR contour through the area. There is some light industrial (warehouses)
some 800 feet to the north and west of the site.
C. Traffic
There is light residential traffic in the immediate vicinity, and
heavy major arterial traffic 1500 feet north of the site.
Traffic Counts: Location 1975 1995
(ADT)
1
2
3
4
1562
1034
4786
NA
3100
520C
920C
350C
Operations
This site was scheduled for 24 hour operation on Sunday, June 22,
and Monday, June 23. It was rained out from 1:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. on
Sunday and from 3:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. on Monday. A check operation
A-24
-------
was run from 11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. on Thursday, July 3, a period which
included aircarrier operations scheduled daily.
Noise Sources
A. Typical Noise Sources
Primary: Automobiles, Dogs, Light planes
Secondary: Loudspeakers, jets, household
Intrusive Noise Sources
Jets, small planes, and automobiles were the most prevalent
sources of intrusive noises. While there was no indication of an
unusually high incidence rate for any of these sources relative to
other sites, the intensity of sound produced by jet aircraft was extremely
high, frequently exceeding 90 dBA and occasionally 100 dBA. The
average incidence rate of all sounds exceeding 70 dBA at this site
was about two every three hours.
The sources noted during the 38 hours this site was operated
are tabulated below.
Source
Jets
Small Planes
Helicopters
Automobiles
Trucks
Household Equipment
Dogs
Loudspeakers
Total
A-25
Over
70 dBA
7
8
2
4
1
1
2
1
26
Over
80 dBA
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
9
Over
90 dBA
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
-------
Artillery was noted at this site six times.
IV. Observations
The daily L levels of 64, 69, and 70 dBA noted at this site indicate
eq
a probable adverse noise impact exists. These high levels are due almost
entirely to the noise of a few jet aircraft. The levels correspond approximately
with CNR values between 100 and 105 which are less than the 115 predicted,
but are based on limited data and do not reflect the effect of any forecasted
expansion of airport operations. For example, a doubling of current jet
operations or the introduction of noisier jets could easily raise these values
three to five decibels.
At the observed levels, probably over 30 per cent of the people are
highly annoyed by noise. The noise probably interferes with outdoor activities
and also with indoor activities in buildings not properly designed to exclude
exterior noise. The projected changes in population and vehicular traffic would
have little effect on the noise at this site since it is dominated by the sound of
aircraft operations.
A-26
-------
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A - 21
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V9P Nl 13A31 3SION
-------
NO., 5 CACHE ROAD
Site Description
A. Population 1972 - 2779
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 2642
1995 - 2787
B. Land Use
Although in a dedicated park, this site is greatly affected by the
noise from Cache Road, a major 4 lane east-west arterial some
400 feet south of the site. A municipal fire station is between the
site and Cache Road which is bordered by strip commercial development.
A well developed residential neighborhood lies to the north-west,
north, and north-east of the site.
C. Traffic
Hourly traffic counts at Location 5 during operating hours
at this site were:
Time Sun. June 22 Mon, June 23
6:00 - 7:00 a.m. - 683
7:00 - 8:00 a.m. - 1441
8:00 - 9:00 a.m. - 1288
9:00 - 10:00 a.m. 883 1547
10:00 - 11:00 a.m. 1073 1543
11:00 - 12:00 a.m. 1348 1975
12:00 - 1:00 p.m. 2080 2435
1:00 -2:00 p.m. 2189 2347
2:00 - 3:00 p.m. 2063 2240
3:00 - 4:00 p.m. 2052 2308
4:00 - 5:00 p.m. 2054 3326
5:00 - 6:00 p.m. 2116 3567
6:00 - 7:00 p.m. 1980 2742
7:00 - 8:00 p.m. 1996 2094
8:00 - 9:00 p.m. 1817 1792
9:00 -10:00 p.m. 1759 1845
A-32
-------
II. Operations
This station was scheduled to operate from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.
on Sunday June 23 and Monday, June 24, 1975. It was rained out from
6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. on Sunday, June 23.
III. Noise Sources
A. Typical noise sources
Primary: Automobiles
Secondary: Motorcycles, trucks, dogs, planes
B. Intrusive Noise sources
Emergency vehicles were the most prevalent source of intrusive
noise at this site. There was no indication of an unusually high incidence
rate or intensity for any source at this site relative to other sites.
The average incidence rate for all sounds over 70 dBA at this site
was one every two hours.
The sources noted during the 28 hours this site was operated
are tabulated below.
Source Over 70 dBA Over 80 dBA
Jets 1 0
Small Planes 2 0
Automobiles 3 I
Motorcycles 2 0
Trucks 2 I
A-33
-------
B. Intrusive Noise Sources (Cont.)
Sources Over 70 dBA Over 80 dBA
Emergency Vehicles k 0
Dogs 5 0
Total 19 2
The high level of noise produced by dogs should be dis-
counted since this site was unavoidably located within 80 feet of a
dog's yard. Artillery noise was noted twice at this site.
IV. Observations
The daily L levels of 58 and 54 dBA indicate little probability
eq
of an adverse noise impact at this site. Less than 15 percent of
the people are probably highly annoyed by noise at these levels.
The projected changes in traffic volume and population should
have little effect upon these noise levels.
A-34
-------
Y//////////X V//////////////////////////A
N.W. . DENVER AVE,
VICINITY MAP
LAND USE
EZZZl LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL t~~l COMMERICAL
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL C \ PUBLIC FACILITY
CR SITE * 5
VACANT
INDUSTRIAL
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NO. 6 UNIVERSITY
Site Description
A. Population; 1972 - 1389
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 1359
1995 - 1208
B. Land Use
This site is in the north-east corner of Cameron University
Campus. The heavily traveled 4 lane arterial 250 feet to the north
separates the site from the County Hospital. Land use to the east,
north-east, and north-west is residential.
C. Traffic
Heavy traffic including trucks and a few buses was observed
on Gore Boulevard. Summer classes at Cameron University generated
automobile traffic on University Drive on Monday, June 23.
Traffic Counts:
(ADT)
Location
1
2
3
1975
16,170
10,165
12,643
1995
19,100
21,400
19,300
Operations
This site was scheduled to operate from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. on
Sunday, June 22 and Monday, June 23. It was rained out from 6:00 a.m.
to 10:00 a.m. on Sunday and 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Monday.
A-39
-------
Noise Sources
A. Typical Noise Sources
Primary: Automobiles
Secondary: Trucks, motorcycles
B. Intrusive Noise Sources
There was no indication of an unusually high incidence rate
or intensity for any noise source at this site. The average incidence
rate of all sounds over 70 dBA at this site was only one in five hours.
The sources noted during the 25 hours this site was operated
are tabulated below.
Source Over 70 dBA Over 80 dBA
Jets 2 I
Small Planes I 0
Automobi les I 0
Trucks ! 0
Total 5 I
No other sources were noted at this site.
IV. Observations
The daily !_ values of 52 and 55 dBA indicate that no adverse noise
impact exists at this site. Less than ten percent of the people are probably
highly annoyed at these levels of environmental noise.
A-40
-------
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VICINITY MAP
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A - 41
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NO. 7 FLOYD
I. Site Description
A. Population; 1972 - 1773
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 1589
1995 - 1933
B. Land Use
This site is in the center of a well-developed neighborhood.
It is 700 yards south of the nearest artillery firing point at Fort
Sill.
C. Traffic
Traffic in the immediate vicinity of the site is entirely light
residential, automobiles, delivery trucks and motorcycles.
Traffic Counts: Location 1975 1995
(ADT) I 1127 19,700
2 NA 8,400
II. Operations
This site was scheduled for operations from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.
on Saturday, June 21 and Tuesday, June 24. It was rained out 2:00 to 3:00
p.m. and 7:00 to 11:00 p.m. on Tuesday. A one hour check run was
made from 3:00 to 4:00 p.m. on Friday, July 18. There was no significant
change from previous conditions except a lawnmower near the site
gave an abnormally high number of readings in the fifties and low sixties.
A-45
-------
Noise Sources
A. Typical Noise Sources
Primary: Automobiles
Secondary: Planes, trucks, motorcycles, yard maintenance,
artillery.
B. Intrusive Noise sources
The most prevalent source of intrusive noise at this site was
automobiles. Probably this can be attributed to the site being unavoidably
closer to the street than is desirable. If measurements had been
taken farther from the curb, probably only one or two automobiles
would have been observed above 70 dBA, which would not indicate
an unusually high incidence rate or intensity for this source. The
average incidence rate for all sounds over 70 dBA at this site was
one every seventy-five minutes. A more desirable microphone location
would have resulted in an incidence rate about half of this, and would
be more representative of noise experienced by residents in this
area.
The sources noted during the 20 hours this site was operated
are tabulated below.
Sources Number over 70 dBA
Small planes 2
Helicopters 4
Automobiles 6
Motorcycles 3
Trucks I
Total 16
A-46
-------
Artillery noise was noted twenty-two times at this site.
IV. Observations
The daily L levels of 53 and 54 dBA indicate little probability
eq
of an adverse noise impact existing at this site. Less than ten percent
of the population would probably be highly annoyed by noise at these
levels of environmental noise.
The projected changes in traffic volume and population should
have little effect upon these noise levels.
A-47
-------
FORT SILL MILITARY
RESERVATION
\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\ \\ \\x\\\\\\\ \\ \\\\\\\\ \\ \\ \ \
N.W ROGERS LANE CO
VICINITY MAP
LAND USE
V777\ LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL f 1 COMMERICAL
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL l~"~l PUBLIC FACILITY
FL SITE*?
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A - 48
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V9P Nl 13A31 3SION
-------
NO. 8 EISENHOWER
I. Site Description
A. Population; 1972 - 1442
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 1080
1995 - 1474
B. Land Use
This site is located on a public school campus which extends
to the south and west. Beyond Gore Boulevard 200 feet to the north
the land use is residential. To the east of 52nd Street, a minor arterial,
the land use is also residential. There is a limited amount of commercial
near the intersection of 52nd and Gore.
C. Traffic
No buses, few heavy trucks, mostly automobiles and delivery trucks.
Traffic Counts: Location 1975 1995
(ADT) I 6285 14,000
2 7171 2,000
3 7457 13,700
4 4495 2,500
II. Operations
This post was operated from 1:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. and from 4:00
a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, June 21 (rained out 7:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight
Saturday), and from 1:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. on Tuesday, June 24.
A-53
-------
II. Noise Sources
A. Typical Noise Sources
Primary: Automobiles
Secondary: Trucks, motorcycles, plane, air conditioning
B. Intrusive Noise Sources
Jet airplanes were the most prevalent source of intrusive noise
at this site. However, there is no indication of an unusually high
incidence rate or intensity for this source. The average incidence rate
for all sources above 70 dBA at this site was about one every three hours.
The sources noted during the 38 hours this site was operated
are tabulated below:
Source Number over 70 dBA
Jets 5
Small planes 2
Automobiles I
Motorcycles 3
Trucks I
Loudspeaker I
Total 13
No sound sources exceeded 80 dBA.
A-54
-------
IV. Observations
The daily L levels of 48 and 54 dBA indicate little probability
eq
of an adverse noise impact existing at this site. Less than five percent
of the population would probably be highly annoyed by noise at these
environmental noise levels.
The projected changes in traffic volume should have little effect
upon these noise levels.
A-55
-------
EISENHOWER •••••;
a JUMOR HIGH
SCHOOL
VICINITY MAP
LAND USE
E2ZZJ LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL r~"l COMMERICAL
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL HT^l PUBLIC FACILITY
CZH VACANT
INDUSTRIAL
ES SITE*8
A - 56
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NO. 9 HUNTER HILLS
Site Description
A. Population; 1972 - 500
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 475
1995- 2100
B. Land Use
This site is in the center of a partially developed playground
type park which in turn is within a well developed residential area.
Beyond the residential area, land use is vacant to the north and
west; partially developed strip commercial to the south; and residential
to the east. This site is 2000 yards south of the nearest artillery
firing point.
C. Traffic
Immediately adjacent to the site the traffic is automobiles,
residential delivery and service trucks and motorcycles. Highway
62 and Cache Road to the north and south respectively are major
arterials which carry all categories of heavy traffic.
Traffic Counts: Location 1975 1995
(ADT) I 1528 2,300
2 3014 7,800
3 3211 15,500
A-60
-------
II. Operations
This post was scheduled to operate from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.
on Saturday, June 21 and Tuesday, June 24, 1975. It was rained out from
7:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. on Saturday and from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. on
Tuesday.
III. Noise Sources
A. Primary: Automobiles, motorcycles, dogs
Secondary: Artillery, yard maintenance, planes, helicopters
B. Intrusive Noise Sources
Helicopters were the most prevalent sources of intrusive noise
at this site. While there was no indication of unusually intense sound
levels, the incidence rate of helicopters noise over 70 dBA was unusually
high relative to other areas in Lawton. The average incidence rate
of all sounds over 70 dBA was about one every hour.
The sources noted during the 26 hours this site was operated
are tabulated below.
Sources Number over 70 dBA
Small planes I
Helicopters 10
Automobiles 4
Motorcycles 5
A-61
-------
B. Intrusive Noise Sources (con't.)
Sources Number over 70 dBA
Dogs 8
Total 28
Artillery noise was noted 38 times at this site.
IV. Observations
The daily L levels of 55 and 50 dBA indicate little probability
of an adverse noise impact presently existing at this site. About five percent
of the population would probably be highly annoyed by noise at these levels.
The projected changes in population and traffic near this site would produce
higher levels and could result in an adverse impact in some areas. Careful planning
should be exercised in the development of this region, especially in the vicinity
of Highway No. 62.
A-62
-------
•W
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NO. 62
20
VICINITY MAP
LAND USE
EZZ3 LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL fTI COMMERICAL
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL P 3 PUBLIC FACILITY
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No. 10 WOODLAND PARK
I. Site Description
A. Population; 1972 - 1793
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 1950
1995 - 2200
B. Land Use
This site is in a park directly behind an elementary school
and between two residential areas to the north and south. There
is very little commercial use in the vicinity, some higher density
residential and a considerable amount of vacant land beyond the
immediate vicinity especially to the north and west.
C. Traffic
The nearest traffic some 200 feet distant is automobiles, motor-
cycles, and light commercial trucks. 67th street, 500 feet to the east is
a busy street but carries relatively few heavy trucks. West Gore
Boulevard to the south is less busy at this time but can be expected
in the future to carry more traffic of all categories.
Traffic Counts: Location 1975 1995
(ADT) I 3666 1300
2 352 9700
II. Operations
This post was scheduled to be operational 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.
on Sunday, June 22 and Monday, June 23. It was rained out from 7:00
to 9:00 a.m. on Sunday and from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Monday. It
A-67
-------
was also necessary to shut down because of a personnel shortage from
2:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. on Sunday. A check of one hour was done from
2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. on Friday, July 18. Sound levels at that time were
stable and uniform but somewhat higher than in the initial sample. This
was attributable to cicadas (seventeen year locusts) in the trees and not
to any other sources.
Noise sources
A. Typical Noise Sources
Primary: Birds, automobiles
Secondary: Yard maintenance, artillery, motorcycles, cicadas
B. Intrusive Noise Sources
There were no sources of intrusive noise which showed unusually
high incidence rates at this site. However, unusually intense noise
was observed once from railroad operations. The average incidence
rate of all sources exceeding 70 dBA was about one every four hours.
The sources noted during the 19 hours this site was operated
are tabulated below.
Source Over 70 dBA Over 80 dBA
Railroad I I
Motorcycles I I
Dogs 2 0
Total 14 2
A-68
-------
Artillery noise was noted seven times at this site.
IV. Observations
The daily L values of 60 and 53 dBA indicate a slight probability
eq
of an adverse noise impact existing at this site. The daily values for June
22 should not be construed as adequately representative of the prevailing
environment at this site since it is based on only five hours of measurement
and its value is dominated by two unusually high data points. More extensive
measurements would be required to accurately determine representative
levels at this site. However, this does not seem warranted in view of
the low probability that such measurements would indicate an adverse
noise impact since the mean of all hourly L values was 55 dBA. At
this level, about ten percent of the population would probably be highly
annoyed by noise.
The projected changes in population and traffic volume at this site
would probably have only a small effect on levels at this site.
A-69
-------
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NO. 11 CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
Site Description
A. Population: 1972 - 734
(Vicinity Map) 1975 - 662
1995 - 430
B. Land Use
Much of this land is temporarily vacant as a result of current
urban renewal operations. It is anticipated that it will be fully developed
in the near future as a modernized central business district. There
are active businesses to the east along C Avenue and some to the
north between 2nd and 3rd Streets.
C. Traffic
2nd Street and Gore Boulevard are major arterials carrying
heavy traffic of all kinds. Other streets in the area are business
streets carrying local traffic mostly automobiles and delivery trucks.
Traffic Counts: Location 1975 1995
(ADT)
1
2
3
4
5
3,159
10,818
1,169
1,940
8,848
3,100
7,900
3,100
700
15,500
Operations
This site was occupied from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Thursday, July
17, 1975 to provide a base level of sound with which a later assessment
could be compared after redevelopment of the CBD is complete.
A-75
-------
III. Noise sources
A. Typical Noise Sources
Primary: Automobiles, trucks, jets
Secondary: Cicadas
B. Intrusive Noise Sources
Jet aircraft and trucks were the most prevalent sources of
intrusive environmental noise at this site. Jets showed unusually
high intensities and both sources had unusually high incidence rates
relative to other sites in Lawton. The average incidence rate for
all sounds above 70 dBA at this site was slightly less than one every
two hours.
The sources noted during the 16 hours this site was operated
are noted below.
Source Over 70 dBA Over 80 dBA
Jets 6 3
Trucks i\ 0
Total 10 3
No other noise sources were noted.
IV. Observations
The daily L of 57 dBA observed at this site indicates some probability
of an adverse noise impact existing at this site. Even though this is not
an intended residential district, this impact should be of concern to hotels,
etc.. At this level of environmental noise, 15 percent of the population
would be highly annoyed by noise.
A-76
-------
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APPENDIX A. 2
This appendix tabulates and compares the data obtained on intrusive noise
sources at each site. The actual numbers of intrusive sources observed are
indicated in the table and their relative incidence rates are shown on the graph for
comparison. The incidence rates are simply the numbers observed divided by the
number of hours the site was operated. Intrusive sounds due to animal noises are
excluded from the summary. Those observed were not considered to be
representative of prevalent sounds in the vicinity since they were due to animals
inadvertently in close proximity to the meter.
A-80
-------
SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED SOUND SOURCE DATA
SITE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
TOTAL
HOURS
32
24
30
38
28
25
20
38
26
19
16
TOTAL NUMBER
OF IDENTIFIED
SOUND SOURCES
70
dBA
16
9
67
26
19
5
16
13
29
4
10
Over:
80
dBA
0
0
10
9
2
1
1
0
0
2
3
90
dBA
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL NUMBER OF
IDENTIFIED SOURCES OVER
70 dBA BY CATEGORIES
0
0
0
8
7
1
2
0
5
0
0
6
P
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Code:
J - Jet
P - Plane
H - Helicopter
A - Auto
M - Motorcycle
T - Truck
m - miscellaneous
(All other sources except animals)
A - 81
-------
RELATIVE INCIDENCE RATES FOR SOUND SOURCES
EXCEEDING 70 dBA AT EACH SITE
SITE I
SITE 2
SITE 3
SITE 4
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LEGEND
J. JETS
P. SMALL PLANES
H. HELICOPTERS
A. AUTOMOBILES
M. MOTORCYCLES
T. TRUCKS
m. MISC. EXCLUDING
ANIMALS
A - 82
-------
APPENDIX B
This appendix contains a description of the City of Lawton and its environs.
B-l
-------
APPENDIX B
Lawton, Oklahoma, the county seat of Comanche County, is a city of some
80,000 population. Since its founding in 1901 the economy of the city has been
dependent on the continguous US Army Post, Fort Sill. Sounds of weapons firing
at Fort Sill reach into the City. The fact that residents accept this condition
with little or no complaint is primarily attributable to the fact that it is usually
low level and secondarily to the dependence of the economy of the City on the
Post. There are two airfields affecting the Lawton environment. The Municipal
Airport is centrally located on the south side of the City and US Army Henry
Post Field at Fort Sill is just north of the City, also centrally located.
There is little basic industry except for Fort Sill.
The Lawton Metropolitan Area is Comprised of Comanche County with a
total of 1,084 square miles, 15th largest of the state's 77 counties. The urbanized
area of Lawton, the county seat, contains a majority of the population of the
county which also is composed of the unorganized territory of the United States
Army Artillery and Missile Center at Fort Sill, the Wichita Mountains Wildlife
Refuge, 10 towns, and 19 townships populated primarily by residents engaged in
the agricultural and livestock production fields.
Lawton is located at 34.55 north latitude and 98.24 west longitude in the
Red Plains region of Oklahoma, a part of the Great Plains of the Midwest. The
plains range in elevation between 1,000 and 2,000 feet above sea level, and are
broken by the Wichita Mountains northwest of the City in the northern part of
the county. At the highest point, the mountain ranges reach an altitude of 2,400
feet ASL, towering about 1,000 feet above the surrounding plains. Geographically,
B-2
-------
Lawton is located approximately 10 miles from the foothills of the mountains.
In its strategic location, Lawton is the most heavily populated city in
Oklahoma south or west of the state capital, Oklahoma City, which is situated 90
miles to the north of Lawton. The nearest metropolitan area to the south of
Lawton is Wichita Falls, Texas. Lawton is located within 150 to 160 miles of the
Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan areas.
Within a radius of 50 miles of Lawton are located 10 counties comprising
almost II per cent of the population of the state. Within a radius of 100 miles of
Lawton, there are 28 counties with a total population of 1,030,000, some 44
percent of the state's population.
In its Red Plains location, the Lawton Metropolitan Area enjoys an average
annual temperature of 62 degrees, an average annual growing season of more
than 200 days, and an average rainfall of 30.9 inches of rain. The Red Plains
region provides a fertile soil for major agricultural purposes, but contributes less
than one-half of one percent of the annual output of minerals in the state which
is ranked among the highest oil producing states in the nation.
B-3
-------
APPENDIX C
This appendix contains copies of the information sheets provided to those
conducting the assessment.
C-l
-------
INSTRUCTIONS FOR NOISE MONITORING STATIONS
USING A PULSAR MODEL 40
TYPE 2 SOUND LEVEL METER
General;
One data sheet is to be completed during each hour of operation, always
beginning on a clock hour. During the first five minutes of each hour a data sheet
is prepared and the meter is checked. Data is taken every 15 seconds during the
next 50 minutes. The last five minutes are used in completing the data sheet.
Hourly Schedules:
xx:00 - xx:05 Indicate identifying information on the data sheet and check the
the meter.
I. Identifying information: At the top of the sheet, fill in your
site (such as DP - I), name and date, circle the appropriate day of
the week, and fill in the times for this data sheet.
2. Meter battery check: Set the meter switch to "batt," and be sure
the instrument indicates good batteries, (the small red light comes
on). If it does not, replace the batteries (remove the screws on
the back) and recheck for a "good" indication. Mark the appropriate
blank on the data sheet. Reset the switch to "on".
C-2
-------
3. Meter settings check: Make sure that the meter switches are set
to 'A' and "fast". Mark the blanks to indicate you have checked
the meter settings.
4. Meter calibration check:
a. Adjust the meter scale switch on the right side (if necessary)
so that the meter scale includes sound levels between 90 and
100 decibels.
b. Depress and release the push button of the calibrator and make
sure the tone remains 'on' for more than a few seconds. If
it does not, replace the calibrator batteries (unscrew the bottom
black part of the calibrator housing).
c. Remove the windscreen from the microphone and gently place
the calibrator on the microphone as far as it will go. Press
and release the calibrator push button again and read the meter.
Mark this reading in the "calibration end" blank of the preceding
hour's data sheet (if any). Use a small screwdriver to adjust
the calibration screw on the side so the meter reads 94 dBA.
Gently remove the calibrator and replace the microphone
windscreen. The calibrator will turn itself off in about one
minute after the button on its side was depressed.
On the data sheet for this hour, mark "94" in the "set to" blank.
At the beginning of the next hour you will repeat this procedure
C-3
-------
to find out if the meter calibration has changed during the
hour.
xx:05 - xx:30 Take data and indicate high level noise sources:
I. Take sound level readings at fifteen second intervals by reading
the sound level meter and making a slash mark in the appropriate
box on the data sheet. You may adjust the meter scale switch
to take a reading if the needle goes off scale.
On the data sheet the boxes at each noise level are to be
be marked in succession, starting at the left, (see sample).
2. If a reading exceeds 70 dBA, rather than simply marking in
the appropriate box, write in the box a letter indicating what
you hear making the noise, (see sample). For a source listed
on the top right of the data sheet, use the letter indicated.
For example, if the meter reads 74 dBA and you can hear that
a jet is responsible, write 'J' in the next empty box in the 74-
76 dBA row. If the source you hear is not listed, write it on
one of the blank line below the lists and make up a corresponding
symbol to write in the boxes. Indicate your symbol on the listing,
being sure it is not already being used for another source (e.g.,
use a lower case letter).
xx:30 -xx:35 Take 5 minute break
xx:35 -xx:55 Continue recording data
xx:55 -xx:00 Complete data sheet and prepare for next hour.
C-4
-------
1. On top right of data sheet, check the blank which best describes
this site during this hour.
2. Indicate your opinion about living in an area with this much noise
during this part of the day by checking a blank in the "Evaluation"
section.
3. On the upper right of the data sheet, circle on the source list those
noise sources which you feel have been significant during the hour,
i.e., those sources which would have disturbed you if you were living
here. This can include sources which did not exceed the 70 dBA level.
Leave unmarked those sources not producing problem noises during
the hour.
4. If this is the last data sheet for this site repeat the meter calibration
check and indicate the 'end' dBA. If another hour of data follows,
you will take care of this during the next five minutes.
5. If time allows, count the total number marked of each noise source
symbol and indicate that total next to the appropriate symbol in the
source lists. For example, if there are two 'H's in the 80-2 row and
one in the 72-4 row, one in the 70-2 row, and no other 'H's marked, write
the total, four, next to the 'H' in the source list (see sample). Do not
include in the total any symbols inadvertently marked in rows below
the 70-2 row.
C-5
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C2 Check List
Required Equipment for each monitoring station
Type 2 Sound Level Meter
Windscreen
Calibrator
Small Screwdriver
Tripod
Flashlight (night stations)
Data sheets
Clipboard or equivalent
Marking pens
Instruction sheet and checklist
Timekeeper with sweep second hand Shipping case
Lantern (night stations) Spare batteries for all equipment
CHECK LIST FOR STATION OPERATORS
have instruction sheet
have sound level meter
have wind screen
have extra batteries (4) for
sound level meter
know how to change meter batteries
have calibrator
have extra batteries (2) for
calibrator
know how to change calibrator
batteries
have small screwdriver for
calibration
have tripod
have timekeeper with sweep second
hand (stopwatch)
have watch with time of day
have writing board and enough data
sheets (one for each hour plus
two spares)
have two red pens
have ID letter and personal ID
know headquarters phone
numbe r
know location of site
know microphone location
at site
know person whom I will
go with to site
know duration of duty (when
I'll be relieved)
have lantern (night station)
have spare lantern batteries
know how to change lantern
batteries
have flashlight (checked
batteries)
have folding chair
have food and drink
have foul weather garments,
protection from sun, insects,
etc. (protection from sun and
insects is essential - wear hats)
A few rules
Do not Utter
Do not use umbrellas
Take cover with equipment in case
of rain and wait for supervisor
Do not park your vehicle within 50'
of instrument
INSTRUMENTS ARE DELICATEi
HANDLE WITH CARE1!
Check in and out at City Hall
with shift clerk and shift supervisor.
Do NOT leave City Hall on check out
until released by shift supervisor.
C - 7
-------
C3 WORK SCHEDULES AND TIMETABLES
Roster and Work Schedule
Report City Hall
Team
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
X
Y
SB
Sh 1
Sh 2
Names
Charles Whitis
Jerry Hammond
Ed Tahah
Garfield Bowles
Mike McCallis
R. C. Munn
George Ward
Jimmy L. Lewis
Paul Nielsen
John S. Adams
Roy Gilyard
Phil Baker
Ivan Stoneberg
David W. Pettus
A. C. James
Willie L. Long
James Russell
Gary Watkins
Clyde Mason
Eddie Williams
Cecil Davidson
Mike Weatherall
(Cokefield)
Frank Tartsah
Gary Shaw
(Hannah)
Glenn Copeland
Harold Walters
Robert Barnes
L. T. Harrison
Dale Brither
Edward Chatman
Bigham - Super
Wayatt - Clerk
Pondrom - Super
Radford - Clerk
Fri
Sat
Sun
Mon
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
On
Sat
Date
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, Juen
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
, June
call
- Tue
Time
20
21
22
23
21
22
23
24
21
22
23
24
21
22
23
24
21
22
23
24
21
22
23
24
21
22
23
24
21
22
23
24
21
22
23
24
11:
11:
11:
11:
5:
5:
5:
5:
6:
6:
6:
6:
7:
7:
7:
7:
1:
1:
1:
1:
2:
2:
2:
2:
3:
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
3:30
3:
3:
8:
8:
8:
8:
3:
3:
3:
3:
5:
5:
11
30
30
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
30
30
:30
P-
P-
P-
P-
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
P-
P-
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
p.m.
P-
P-
m.
m.
p.m.
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
a.
a.
a.
a.
P.
P-
P-
P-
a.
a.
a
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
.m
Off
Sat,
Sun,
Mon,
Tue,
Sat,
Sun,
Mon,
Tue,
Sat,
Sun,
Mon,
Tue,
Sat,
Sun,
Mon,
Tue,
Sat,
Sun,
Mon,
Tue,
Sat,
Sun,
Mon,
Tue,
Sun,
Mon,
Tue,
Wed,
Sat,
Sun,
Mon,
Tue,
Sat,
Sun,
Mon,
Tue,
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
21 -
22 -
23 -
24 -
21 -
22 -
23 -
24 -
21 -
22 -
23 -
24 -
21 -
22 -
23 -
24 -
21 -
22 -
23 -
24 -
21 -
22 -
23 -
24 -
22 -
23 -
24 -
25 -
21 -
22 -
23 -
24 -
21 -
22 -
23 -
24 -
8:
8:
8:
8:
2:
2:
2:
2:
3:
3:
3:
3:
4:
4:
4:
4:
10:
10:
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
10:30
10:30
11:
11:
11:
11:
12:
12:
12:
12:
3:
3:
3:
3:
10:
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:30
:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
10:00
10:
10:
:00
:00
a
a
a
a
p
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
a
a
a
a
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
.m.
Sh
3 Thompson - Super
Danna - Clerk
6:00 p.m.
4:30 p.m.
11:30 a.m. daily
6:00 p.m. daily
12:30 a.m. daily
C - 8
-------
Date & Time
Shift Supervisor
& Shift Clerk
Teams
Remarks
Fri. 20 June
& Mon. 23 June
11:30 p.m.
Sat. 21 June
1:00 a.m.
3:00 a.m.
4:00 a.m.
5:30 a.m.
No shift supervisor
6:00 a.m.
7:00 a.m.
7:30 a.m.
8:00 a.m.
***
***
***
Bigham and shift
clerk reports to
City Hall and takes
Teams B & C to
Sites KB & HP.
Shift clerk commences
routine duties at
City Hall.
***
Takes Team F to Site
ES relieves Team A and
returns to City Hall.
Dispatches Team X on
relief cycle.
Team A meets at City
Hall and goes to
Site ES.
Team A starts opera-
tions at Site ES.
Take one hour break.
Resume operations.
Teams B & C report to
City Hall.
Teams B & C start
operations at Sites
KB & HP.
D & E start opera-
tions at FL & HH.
Team F reports to
City Hall.
Team F starts opera-
tions at Site ES.
Team X reports to Hall
and starts relieving
Teams B, C, D, E, and
F at Sites KB, HP, FL,
HH & ES in that order
for 30 min. each and
repeat until 2:45 p.m.
Report off at City
Hall at 3 p.m.
Team A picks up
equipment and
Radio Vehicle.
Secure safety of
equipment.
Pick up equipment
and check Team B.
Takes radio vehicle
to Site KB.
Picks up vehicle.
C-9
-------
Date & Time
Shift Supervisor
& Shift Clerk
Teams
Remarks
Sat. 21 June
8:15 a.m.
11:30 a.m.
1:30 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
2:30 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
3:30 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
6:00 p.m.
Checks with shift
clerk and starts
visiting sites.
Pondrom and shift
clerk relieves Bigham
and clerk. Visits
sites. Clerk starts
routine duties.
Takes Teams G & H
to sites KB and HP.
Takes Teams I & J on
relief cycle. Checks
with shift clerk and
visits one site.
Dispatches Team Y on
relief cycle. Checks
with shift clerk and
visits one site.
Takes Team K to Site
ES and continues site
visits until 6 p.m.
Return to City Hall.
Thompson & Clerk
relieves Pondrom &
clerk at City Hall.
Resume site visits.
***•
Teams G & H report to
City Hall.
Teams G & H start
operations at Sites
KB & HP.
Teams I & J report to
City Hall.
Teams I & J start opera-
tions at Sites KH & FL.
Team Y reports to City
Hall, picks up vehicle
and starts relieving
teams at Sites KB, HP, FL,
HH and ES in order for
30 min. each and repeat
until 9:45 p.m. Report
off at City Hall at 10 p.m.
Team K reports to Cith
Hall.
Team K starts operations
at Site ES.
***
C-10
-------
Shift Supervisor
Date & Time & Shift Clerk Teams Remarks
Sat.
10:00 p.m. Relieves Team H at Team Y reports off at Leave vehicle at
Site HP and returns City Hall and leaves City Hall.
to City Hall. vehicle. Team G stops
operations at Site KB,
returns to City Hall
in radio vehicle,
report off.
11:00 p.m. Relieves Teams I & J to
Sites HH & FL and
returns to City Hall.
11:30 p.m. Takes Team A to Site MA. Team A reports to City
Hall.
11:45 p.m. XXXXX Team K moves equip, to Leaves radio vehicle
Site MA, meets super- at Site MA Sat.
visor. Sat. night night only.
only.
12:00 Returns to City Hall Team A starts opera- Lock City Hall.
with Team K and reports tions at Site MA.
off with clerk. Sat. night only.
C-ll
-------
C4 Shift supervisor instructions
1. Take charge
2. Verify that crews have all checked that they have equipment needed.
3. Carry extra batteries, forms, pens, insect repellent, water, salt
tablets, leaf bags, etc.
4. Take teams to sites and be certain they will be able to start operations
on time.
5. Insure that shift clerk know where you will be at all times. Call in
deviations from itinerary.
6. Insure that shift clerk is
a. Preparing forms with new headings.
b. Transcribing data from data recording forms to "mark sense" forms.
c. Keeping time cards on "summer hires".
7. Check that data recording sheets are completely filled out before
turn in.
8. Observe to see that operators are performing duties properly. Observe
instruments and compare with recording current and past. Observe
for littering. Solve problems; take emergency action as required.
9. When teams are relieved be certain that all equipment is turned in
(or turned over to next team), data sheets are turned in, and clerk
has time record in and out.
10. Know names and telephone numbers of stand-bys.
11. Relieve teams in case of rain.
Shift clerk instructions
1. Follow instructions of shift supervisor, otherwise:
2. Know where shift supervisor is.
3. Work on data sheet headings, "mark sense" sheets, or time sheets.
4. Answer telephone - refer problems to supervisor (in emergency to
Paul Cullen)
5. Help supervisor check teams in and out.
C-12
-------
APPENDIX D
This appendix contains a sample copy of the data coding forms, a description
and listing of the computer program used in analyzing the data, and a sample
printout.
D-l
-------
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D - 2
-------
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D - 3
-------
FLOW CHART OF PROGRAM MODOP
/ READ NDAYS, ISKIP,
ICOR, MICTH, I
IHIST, IPUNCH
READ
NHOURS,
SITE NAME,
DATE
yes
YES
READ
SOURCE I D
CARD
_T
HUN
DUPLK
DATA
4 1
SEARCH FOR
AND I"111"1
Lmax
1
/ PRINT
— — ———/PERCENTILES
/ (Ln'll
DAILY
REQUIRED ?
CALL
FREQD
CALL
LDBN
AVERAG
CALL
CORREL4
CALL
BAGEL4
-------
MODOP
APPLICATIONS OF MODOP;
I. Hand-held meter data reduction.
2. B & K Environmental Noise Classifer data reduction.
3. EPA Noise Monitoring System developed by CERL personnel and
Kamperman & Associates.
Limitation of MODOP;
I. Range of noise levels is 35-109 dB. If range increase is desired, follow
steps given below:
(a) Value of KKK should be increased by the same amount.
(b) If a new baseline is desired, change KBASE accordingly.
(c) Proportionate increase in the dimensions of NDB, NDBA, LDB,
LDBA, and DBP.
2. A maximum of 30 site-days can be handled at a time.
3. Total number of samples for any hour cannot equal zero. In other
words, this program will not accept blank hours.
Description of What MODOP Does;
MODOP performs following functions:
(a) Prints source identification .
(b) Prints and plots frequency and cumulative distributions.
(c) Calculates L s and L . The program uses Lagrangian interpolation
to determine the L s.
D-5
-------
(d) Performs the same for the whole site-day.
(e) Finds correlation coefficients
r ,n= correlation between L and L,n
eq,10 eq 10
r cn= correlation between L and LCn
eq,50 eq 50
r50 I0~ correlat'on between LCQ and L,Q
(f) Plots LQ L, L|Q Lrg LQQ and L statistics for the site-day.
(g) Will punch out a duplicate data deck, if desired.
(h) If desired, can reduce demand-periodic data.
Input to MODOP
Note that in a free-format field, either a comma or one or more blanks
could be used as a delimiter. Most of the cards are read in free-format,
in this program; for savings in data punching time. Instead of punching
a series of five tens, as in a fixed format for example; a simple 5 10 does
the trick in a free format, you could change the format, if so desired.
The following is an illustration of how the data cards should be ordered:
NDAYS Card
SITE-DAY Card
NHOUR (Optional) SOURCE Card
= I TIME & BIN Cards
NHOUR (Optional) SOURCE Card
= 2 TIME & BIN Cards
repeat until NHOUR = NHOURS
NDAY =
NDAY = 2
SITE-DAY Card
NHOUR (Optional) SOURCE Card
= I TIME & BIN Cards
repeat until NHOUR = NHOURS
repeat until NDAY = NDAYS
D-6
-------
I. NDAYS CARDS;
READ *, NDAYS, ISKIP, ICOR, MICTH,MDB, IH1ST, IPUNCH, IOPS,
WHERE
NDAYS = number of SITE-DAYS
ISKIP = 0, if daily statistics including L plot is required.
ISKIP = I, if daily statistics including the L plot is not required.
ICOR = 0, if correlation-coefficients are required.
ICOR = I, if correlation coefficients are not required.
MICTH = 0
MDB= I
IHIST = 0
IHIST = I, if hourly distributions are required only, for data verification purposes.
IPUNCH = 0, if punched data deck not required.
IPUNCH = I, if punched data deck is required.
IOPS = 0, if source identification is not recorded.
IOPS = I, if source identification is recorded.
2. SITE-DAY CARD; Read
cols. 2-5: NHOURS, the number of blocks of data for the site-day (I 4).
cols. 6-55: Print the name of the site, location and other information (Alphameric
format).
cols. 56-67 Print the data (Alphameric format).
3. (Optional) SOURCE CARD;
Include this card, only if IOPS = I in the NDAYS card.
READ*, (ISOUR(I), I = I, 19)
where
D-7
-------
ISOUR (I) = Rating Description
ISOUR (2) = Rating Evaluation
ISOUR (3) = to ISOUR (13) = Transportation Source Counts in following
order: Emergency vehicles, small planes, jet aircrafts, helicopters,
trains,trucks, automobiles, buses, motorcycles, recreation vehicles,
water craft
ISOUR (14) to ISOUR (17) = Equipment Source Counts in the following order:
construction, yard, factory, house
ISOUR (18) to ISOUR (19) = Miscellaneous Source Counts:
dogs, loudspeakers
4. TIME & BIN CARDS;
In this card, you read the time of hour and the bin counts.
READ *, IN, TS, TF, ISUM, NDB (35dB to !09dB)
where
IN = sheet or page number (integer)
TS = time started (floating)
TF = time stopped (floating)
ISUM = total number of samples for the hour (integer)
NDB = number of sample counts in each bin starting from the 35dB
bin. For hand-held meter data, enter twice the number of samples
in each bin to avoid fractions and ensure greater accuracy.
Thus the total number of samples would be twice as many.
For classifier data, multiply the2-dB width counts by a factor
of 3 and the 3-dB width counts by a factor of 2. The total number
of samples would then be six times the original (even though
the total number of samples is increased, this will not affect
the statistics).
D-8
-------
IF FURTHER INFORMATION IS REQUIRED
WRITE TO:
Hal Watson,Jr., Ph. D.
CE/ME Dept., IOT
SMU
Dallas, Texas 75275
D-9
-------
GLOSSARY
NDAYS = Number of SITE-days
ISKIP = Control for skipping daily statistics
ICOR = Control for skipping correlation coefficeients
MICTH = Demand-periodic model number = 0
MDB = Control for whether data input in histogram form (I) of cumulative
form (0)
IHIST = Control for data vertification
IPUNCH = Control for punching out duplicate data deck
IOPS = Control for source I.D. information card
KBASE = Minimum baseline level handled by program MODOP = 35
KKK = Dynamic range of the program = 75
NHOURS = Number of blocks/hours of data for the given site-day
NDB (N) = Number of samples in bin N for the given hour
NDBA (N) = NDB (N) for the site-day
IN = Sheet/block number
TS = Time start
TF = Time finish
ISUM = Total number of samples for the given hour
KSUM = E ISUM
NOTE: It is suggested to verify data (IHIST = I) on first run
SUBROUTINES
I. CUMUL : Finds cumulative distribution from frequency distribution
2. FREQD : Prints and plots both frequency and cumulative distributions
D-IO
-------
3. LDBN : Uses Lagrangian interpolation to find the percent! les
4. AVERAG : Computes L , L median 1_, and variance of the
— ^M mCQify
distribution
5. CORREL 4; Calculates correlation coefficients up to four variables; in our
case:
r ,n = correlation between L and L,n
eq, IU eq ID
r CQ = correlation between L and LCQ
r50 10 = correlat'on between LCQ and L • Q
6. BAGEL4; Plots I_Q Li LIQ LCQ LQQ and L statistics for the given site-day
D-ll
-------
SAMPLE COMPUTER LISTING
AND PRINTOUT
(D 13-29)
D-12
-------
IT
<\J
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APPENDIX E
This appendix contains a summary of the weather statistics observed and
the artillery activity at Fort Sill during the assessment.
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-------
APPENDIX E 2
Summary of Firing Activity at
Fort Sill during the assessment
E-10
-------
FIRING ORDER NR. 294
For Saturday 21 Jun 75, WEST RANGE
11 Jun 75
SMALL ARMS FIRING
MB 1 Rifle & Pistol
Falcon Rg
Unit
4/31
AF
Period
1200-1800
0800-1700
ARTILLERY FIRING
Problem Time Firing Pts.
Spc
Spc
Spc
0730-
2000
159, 173N
176, 179
183, 196W
0900- 604, 604W,
2400 624S
OPs
1/158
Kerr Hill
1/160
Kerr Hill
Dalv Hill
45th FA GP
We apon and
Ammunition
7.62mm & 45 P
20mm & Inert
Bombs
Weapon and
Ammuni ti on
8"H
GP
Area
WMHA
MHA
105H VT
BBA
0700- 278, 289 Andrews Hill 8"H VT
2400 280, 293, 283 Indian Hill HES
535, 415
AGA
E ~ 11
-------
FIRING ORDER NR. 295
For Sunday 22 Jun 75, WEST RANGE
11 Jun 75
ARTILLERY FIRING
Problem Time Firing Pts.
Spc
Spc
Spc
0700-
1400
0001-
1400
0001-
1400
159, 173N,
176, 179,
183, 196W
604, 604N,
624S
OPs
1/158
Kerr Hill
1/160
Kerr Hill
Daly Hill
45th FA GP
We apon and
Ammunition
8"H
GP
Area
WMHA
MHA
105H VT
BBA
278, 289, 280, Andrews Hill 8"H VT
298, 283, Indian Hill HES
S35, 415
AGA
E - 12
-------
FIRING ORDER NR. 296
For Monday 23 Jun 75, WEST RANGE
18 Jun 75
SMALL ARMS FIRING
Range
Rappelling
Unit
PC & W
Period
1300-1600
ARTILLERY FIRING
Weapon and
Ammunition
NA
Problem Time Firing Pts.
G002SA
Spc
Spc
Spc
1220-
1640
low
0830-1630 628
0800- 284
0730- 173, 82
1800 82
706
OPs
Gunne rv
68E, 68W,
69E, 69
FAS BDE
1/30
Weapon and
Ammunition
105H Inc
ICM
14.5MMG
Indian Hill 8"H VT
Apache Ridge
Arty Bd
Daly Hill 105H
McKenzie Hill 155H
8"H
GP
Area
MHA
SMA
AGA
WMHA
JRA
ARA
CCA
Spc
1800- 32334 35814*
2400 32729 36427
32881 36929
TAD (AS32NG)
" (ANXXAB)
FAS BDE
III CA
III CA
170N, 171,
175, 177
8"HVT HES
*ICM
NONFIRING ACTIVITIES
OCA
1240-1640
1240-2330
0800-1200
0800-1600
1100-1630
1200-2400
T/CAD (TR02FZ) 0700-2400
8/175 Gun Btry 0800-2400
Arty Bd " 0-01-2400
Sta 30 & 33: Mission Hill & FP 177E
Land Navigation, Ketch Lake to South
Grid 513 380 FTX
Grid 52 34
Grid 499 407 FTX
Bateman Woods, Grid 515 395, Peachtree
Crossing
Grid 402 388
FE 714, 720, 722, 806
rid 512 330
E - 13
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FIRING ORDER NR. 297
For Monday 23 Jun 75, EAST RANGE
18 Jun 75
Range
TF Complex I
Problem Time
G031SJ 1220-
1640
GD02TA 1220-
1640
AT07DP/ 0730-
AT230P 1640
Firing
510
313E
497E,
58786
59470
59895
60259
59407
59196
60964
61537
61933
62144
62626
62976
63712
64206
64438
61760
61500
62945
63260
SMALL ARMS FIRING
Unit Period
100th S & S 0730-1630
ARTILLERY FIRING
Weapon and
Pts . OPs Ammunition
Gunnery
Arbuckle Hill 10 5H VT H(
WP
408E, 408, 155H VT HC
40 8W
TAD
408S 408 155H
34642 TNT
34533
33403
33192
33573
33855
33282
33277
33918
33576
33504
33577
33199
33238
33552
46455
45900
45875
46075
Weapon and
Ammunition
Mlfi
GP
Area
: SAA
WP SAA
NAA
SAA
NAA
SAA
Spc
0800
2400
- 347
8"H VT
BCA
E -
-------
FIRING ORDER NR. 298
For Tuesday 24 Jun 75, WEST RANGE
18 Jun 75
SMALL ARMS FIRING
Range
MB 1 Rifle & Pistol
MB 2 Pistol
Jones Ridge RR
Falcon Range
Unit
4/31
USMCR
USMCR
AF
Period
1200-1800
0730-1630
0730-1630
0800-1700
We anon and
Ammunition
7.62mm & 45 P
45 P
M14, M16
Inert Bombs
ARTILLERY FIRING
Problem Time Firing Pts.
G002TC
TR02FZ
Spc
Spc
Spc
0710-1130 116N
0730- 901*, 909,
2400 914+, 919,
920*, 922,
923*, 930,
650S, FEB10-
(3783 3388)
153E, FEE 32-
(3731 4046)
4149 3564
OPs
Gunnery
122S, 17
T/CAD
411395
437344
4334 to
4335
1800- 36285 33826
2400 35809 35729
35780 34871
0001- 32334 35814*
2400 32729 36427
32881 36929
0730- 228E
1630 116N
III CA
170N, 171,
175, 177
170N, 171
175, 177
FAS Bde
126
Weauon and GP
Ammunition Area
155H VT HC WP ARA
155H VT HC WP BBA
*ILLUM WMHA
+ Direct Fire CCA
105H VT HC WP
TNT
8"H VT HES
8"H VT HES
*ICM
105H
155H & 8"H
SMA
CCA
QCA
AGA
ARA
E - 15
-------
FIRING ORDER NR. 298 (Continued)
For Tuesday 24 Jun 75, WEST RANGE
18 Jun 75
ARTILLERY FIRING
Problem
Spc
Time
0001-
2400
Firing Pts.
712W
808, 810
8/175
OPS
Kerr Hill
Dalv Hill
Weapon and
Ammunition
175G
GP
Area
QCA
Spc
Spc
0001- 284, 288
2400
0730- 664, 604
1800 701
803
706, 643
1/30
Indian Hill 8"H VT
Apache R
AGA
Artv Bd
126
105H
155H Ml09al
175G
8"H
2/37th
Spc
Indian Hill 155H
Apache Ridge
0600-1800 289
AIRLIFT INTO FP 228E
NONFIRING ACTIVITIES
WMHA
BBA
CCA
RCA
AGA
T/CAD (TR02FZ) 1430
0001-2400
FP 922, 920
402 388
TAD (AS32EF) 0730-1640
(AS32DB) 0730-1640
(AN60AB) 1420-2330
FAS BDE 0800-1630
1900-2400
Arty Bd 0001-2400
Sta 28, 29T 30 & 89; JRA 3; Mission
Ridge; & Barbwire Hill
Sta Flagg, 37, 30; Grids 591512,
591404, 584415, 520408, 525395,
507395, 483415, 480410, 443413,
414409, Zoom Pratt Hill
Land Navigation, Ketch Lake to
South Boundary
FP 261, 265, 262, Grid 520340
FP 215, 249 FTX
Grid 512330
E - 16
-------
FIRING ORDER NR. 299
For Tuesday 24 Jun 75, EAST RANGE
18 Jun 75
SMALL ARMS FIRING
Range
TF Complex I
Problem Time
G031SJ 0710-
1130
WC02UP 0730-
16 40
Spc 0001-
2400
Spc 1800-
2400
Unit
Period
3/9 0630-1700
ARTILLERY FIRING
Weapon and
Ammunition
M16
Firing Pts. OPs
Gunnery
510
Weapon and
Ammunition
Arbuckle Hill 105H VT HC
WP
362
347
58538 34033
58320 35156
57992 35716
WD
402
1/30
407
III CA
400E
40 7E
BRC
Potato Hill
8"H VT
8"H VT
8"H VT HES
GP
Area
SAA
BCA
BCA
SAA
E - 17
-------
GLOSSARY
'A' Weighting; An electronic filtering network employed in sound level meters
to reduce the effect of very low and very high frequency sound on the meter
so that its indication is more closely correlated with human response to
sound.
Composite Noise Rating (CNR); An estimate of community response to noise
in a specified area based upon estimates of corresponding sound source
intensities, incidence rates, and appropriate adjustments for time of day,
season of year, and expected community sensitivity to noise.
Day Night Average Sound Level (|_ , ): The energy equivalent average sound
level for a 24 hour period calculated after compensating for the increased
human sensitivity to environmental noise during the nighttime by adding
10 decibels to measured nighttime (2200 - 0700 hours) sound levels.
Decibel (dB); In acoustics, the unit for describing the intensity of a sound.
It is one tenth of a Bel, the unit corresponding to the logarithm
(base ten) of a sound's intensity relative to that of the minimum audible sound.
Energy Equivalent Average Sound Level (L ): The sound level corresponding
eq
to the average sound energy during a specified period of time. Its calculation
involves the conversion of decibels (a logarithmic quantity) to corresponding
intensities (a linear quantity), performing the averaging, and finally changing
the average back to decibels.
Noise; An undesirable sound, either unwanted or detrimental to human hearing
or activity.
GLOSSARY - I
-------
Percentile Sound Level (LiQ, LCQ, etc.): The sound level exceeded a specified
percentage of the time during a measurement period .
Sound; In air, any pattern of air particle oscillation which propagates through
the atmosphere.
Sound Level (dBA, etc.): A measurement of sound amplitude, expressed in
decibels, obtained with a standard sound level meter employing "A1, 'B',
or 'C frequency weighting (ANSI SI.4 - 1971) for attenuating part of the
sound spectrum. If the frequency weighting employed is not indicated,
'A1 weighting is implied.
GLOSSARY - 2
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-906/9-76-002
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Environmental Noise Assessment
Lawton, Oklahoma
7. AUTHOR(S)
Robert M. LaBreche
Michael L. Mendias
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
City of Lawton Planning Dept., Lawton, Ok
in cooperation with U.S. EPA, Region VI;
Air and Hazardous Materials Division
Dallas, Texas 75270
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Same as above
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
S. REPORT DATE
April 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
lahoma
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Using a simple methodology employing inexpensive equipment as described in
this report, Lawton, Oklahoma, assessed environmental noise levels in their
community during the summer of 1975. They measured equivalent sound levels
at eleven sites within the city and identified major sources of noise. The
results showed only two areas in Lawton with probable adverse noise impacts,
both in the vicinity of local airfields. Small aircraft, automobiles, and
helicopters were the most prevalent sources of intrusive environmental
noises. Oet aircraft were the most intense.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
Community Noise
Urban Noise Surveys
Noise Measurements
Noise Surveys
IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release unlimited, see availability
on inside front cover.
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Equivalent Sound Level
Lawton, Oklahoma
Fort Sill, Oklahoma
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page) 22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
F - 1
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