OIL AVAILABILITY BY SULFUR LEVELS
-. \
Bureau of Mines
Washington, D. C.
August 1971
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE
Distributed ... 'to foster, serve
and promote the nation's
economic development
and technological
advancement.'
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
-------
W'P'ifl) STVTFS Ep^/" -'- SS^CP LIBRARY
K . * ;."V"! 4ir W iHAPEL HILL ST
<.
ri,;-
-------
f'pfl.
fl
PB 202 281
OIL AVAILABILITY BY SULFUR LEVELS
by
I ^
Reproduced by
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
SprinflfteM, Vi. 22151
-------
OIL AVAILABILITY BY SULFUR LEVELS
Prepared by the Bureau of Mines
for
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Programs
August 1971
-------
CONTENTS
Page
Abstract 1
Introduction 3
Chapter 1.—Domestic crude oil production and reserve 8
Crude oil supply 8
Methodology 8
Sulfur content of oil in the United States 10
Sulfur content by geographical areas 16
Chapter 2.—Refineries and bulk terminals 37
Location and capacities 37
Refinery inputs and outputs 40
Domestic distillate (No. 2 grade burner) fuel oils 46
Burning crude oil at power plants '. 48
Bulk terminal stocks 49
Comparisons 51
Chapter 3»—Refinery technology 54
Domestic residual fuel oil desulfurization facilities 54
Foreign residual fuel oil desulfurization facilities 56
Chapter 4.—Residual fuel oil imports, 1968 and 1969 59
Chapter 5. —Conclusions and recommendations 60
Conclusions 60
Recommendations 63
-------
ii
CONTENTS—Continued
Page
Appendix A.—Glossary 65
Appendix B.—Bureau of Mines project personnel 68
Appendix C. —Computer printout of sulfur data 69
Appendix D. —U. S. Bureau of Mines canvas forms 209
ILLUSTRATIONS
Follows
Fig. page
1. Oil production, potential production, and county
or parish location of selected fields with sulfur
content of crude oil reserves in the United
States—December 31, 1969 11
2. Proved reserves of crude oil in the United States—
December 31, 1969 13
3. Thirty-seven geographical areas producing oil in
the United States—1969 16
4. Percent of total refinery capacity in the
United States—1969 37
5. Petroleum administration for defense (PAD) and
refinery districts 38
6. Percent of total crude oil production in the
United States—1969 ; 40
7. Geographical areas of the national survey of
burner-fuel oils 47
i
8. Trends in sulfur content of grade No. 2 burner
fuel oil analyses 47
9. Flow diagram—reserves to products—1969 60
-------
ill
TABLES
Follows
No. page
1. Classification of crude oil reserves of selected
fields by sulfur content in the United States—
December 31, 1969 11
2. Classification of total crude oil reserves by sulfur
content in the United States—December 31, 1969 13
3. Classification of 80 percent of the 1969 crude oil
production by sulfur content in the United States 13
4. Classification of total 1969 crude oil production
by sulfur content in the United States 14
5. Classification of total 1969 crude oil production
and reserves as of December 31, 1969, by sulfur
content in the United States 15
6. Number and capacity of petroleum refineries in
the United States by P.A.D. Districts and
States: January 1, 1970 * 38
7. U.S. bulk storage capacity by product,
December 31, 1967 39
8. Crude oil production and refinery receipts by
P.A.D. District in 1969 40
9. Refinery receipts of crude oil, by State and
P.A.D. District in 1969 41
10. Estimated sulfur content of refinery receipts of
domestic crude oil by refinery districts and
P.A.D. districts, 1969 41
11. Average wellhead value of crude oil for 1969 42
12. District average wellhead value of crude oil for 1969 42
13. Annual refinery distillate fuel production in the
United States by refining and P.A.D. districts 44
14. Distillate and residual fuel oil domestic demand
by use, 1961-1969 44
- Lj
-------
iv
TABLES—Continued
Follows
No. page
15. Sales of distillate-type heating oils in the United
States, by P.A.D. District and State: 1969 and 1968 44
16. Sales of residual-type heating oils in the United States,
by P.A.D. District and State: 1969 and 1968 44
17. Distillate fuel oil supply and demand, 1960-70 45
18. Residual fuel oil supply and demand, 1961-1970 45
19. Fuel oil prices for selected cities, 1969 45
20. Fuel oil prices for selected cities, 1970 45
21. Summary of domestic distillate (grade No. 2 burner fuel
oils analyses), 1969 and 1970 45
22. Analyses of domestic grade 2 burner fuel oils, 1969 46
23. Analyses of domestic grade 2 burner fuel oils, 1970 46
24. Bulk terminal stocks of finished petroleum products,
January-March 1971 49
25. Monthly residual fuel shipments 50
26. Salient statistics on refinery operations and fuel
oil output: 1969 53
27. Proposed U.S. residual desulfurization facilities 56
28. Foreign residual fuel oil desulfurization facilities,
yearend 1970 57
Appendix C. Page
1. Estimated production of residual fuel oil ranked by
size of refinery, January-March 1971 69
2. Shipments of residual fuel oil from refineries by
sulfur content, December 1970-March 1971 . 72
3. Stocks of residual fuel oil held at refineries by
sulfur content, December 1970-March 1971 76
-------
TABLES—Continued
No. • Page
4. Shipments of No. 4 fuel oil from refineries by sulfur
content, December 1970-March 1971 80
5. Stocks of No. 4 fuel oil held at refineries by sulfur
content, December 1970-March 1971 84
6. Bulk terminal stocks of No. 4 fuel oil by sulfur
content, December 1970-March 1971 88
7. Bulk terminal stocks of residual fuel oil by sulfur
content, December 1970-March 1971 92
8. Crude oil production by county in 1969 96
9. Imports of residual fuel oil by port of entry and sulfur
level in 1968 201
10. Imports of residual fuel oil by port of entry and sulfur
level in 1969 203
11. Imports of residual fuel oil by country of origin and
sulfur level in 1968 205
12. Imports of residual fuel oil by country of origin and
sulfur level in 1969 207
-------
OIL AVAILABILITY BY SULFUR LEVELS
by
BUREAU OF MINES
ABSTRACT
This report presents information pertaining to the*sulfur content
of crude oil reserves, production, and selected refined products, by
geographical areas. Crude oil reserves (as of December 31, 1969) and
1969 production were classified by sulfur content as were refinery
receipts. Quantity and sulfur content of stocks and shipments of
selected refinery products was determined; also tabulated was sulfur
content of stocks held at bulk terminal storage facilities. Domestic
and foreign desulfurization operations were tabulated and technology
discussed. •- • ' -w -• • •
Reserve estimates were made for more than one thousand individual
reservoirs in 28 States which represent a 67-percent sample of total
United States crude oil reserves. Information on crude oil production
was available for most of the 31 oil-producing States. Crude oil
analyses were available for sulfur content classifying for about 80
percent of the total United States crude oil production. The 80-percent
sample was from 29 States. Based upon this classification of reserve
and production samples, the remaining reserve and production were
apportioned to four sulfur content ranges. Results of the total reserve
and production classifications ^indicated 63.8 percent of the reserves
-------
and 70.3 percent of the production contained less than 0.50 percent
sulfur, 11.8 percent of the reserves and 11.3 percent of the production
contained between 0.51 and 1.00 percent sulfur, 17.4 percent of the
reserves and 10.6 percent of the production contained between 1.01 and
2.00 percent sulfur, and 7.0 percent of the reserves and 7.8 percent of
the production contained greater than 2.00 percent sulfur.
Refinery receipts were classified by the area from which the crude
oil originated and distribution of selected refinery products was
determined. Seventy percent of the 1969 crude oil production came from
Texas, Louisiana, and California with another 25 percent coming from
eight other States. The other 5 percent came from the remaining 20
States. Sulfur levels of residual fuel oil shipments for the first
quarter of 1971 were: 0 to 0.5 percent, 15.4 million barrels; 0.6 to
1.0 percent, 19.8 million barrels; 1.0 to 2.0 percent, 34.5 million
barrels; and over 2.0 percent, 19.8 million barrels. Relatively few
refineries manufactured No. 4 fuel oil and the total for the quarter was
3.8 million barrels with over 75 percent of the shipments in the 0 to
0.5 percent sulfur range. Stocks of No. 4 and residual fuel oils held
at refineries averaged about 1.4 million and 26 million barrels,
respectively, each month; about 65 percent of the residual fuel oil
contained over 1 percent sulfur. Some other refined products were
discussed in relation to refinery output and consumption by use.
0
-------
3
Pertinent data for reserves, production, refineries, and bulk
terminals were incorporated into a national energy data bank.THhe
computerized system contains reserve data, with sulfur content, on over
1,000 fields and production data for over 17,000 fields with sulfur data
for over 3,600 fields. Refinery information consists of individual
company data on capacity, input, output, stocks* and sulfur content of
No. 4 and residual fuel oils. Bulk terminal information contains
refined product stocks with sulfur data for No. 4 and residual fuel oils.
Being included in the system is import data qollected from the Office of
Import Administration; the 1968 and 1969 summations indicated that over
99 percent of the imported residual fuel oil contained over 0.50 percent
sulfur.
INTRODUCTION
Of the Nation's energy needs, 43 percent is derived from petroleum
based upon Btu content. Continued expansion and growth in the United
States is regulated by and largely dependent upon energy from petroleum
and petroleum products, but environmental conditions have required an
assessment of sulfur present in the petroleum reserves, production, and
products. To obtain factual data and classify petroleum by sulfur levels
the Office of Air Programs (OAP) contracted with the U.S. Bureau of Mines
for a study of sulfur in various components of the petroleum industry.
There are two principal objectives to this report contracted for by OAP.
The first objective is to quantify the Nation's petroleum reserves and
production in terms of sulfur content and by geographical areas.
-------
4
Determination of input of crude oil to the 262 operating refineries
(as of December 31, 1969), subsequent volumes of selected products
produced and distributed, sulfur content of No. 4 and residual fuel oils
constitute the other objectives. The purpose of quantifying the crude
oil reserves and production, establishing the consumption at refineries,
and determining the volumes of fuel oils produced is to provide OAF with
factual data concerning sulfur levels in crude oil and selected refined
products. These data are incorporated into a data bank and maintained
with new information as available.
In order to preserve individual company confidential data various
geographical divisions and subdivisions were established for the United
States. Compatability of the divisions was attempted; in general,
States were the common base. Crude oil production and reserve data
were presented for 37 geographical areas comprised of State, combination
of States, subdivisions of States, and combinations of a State with a
geographical subdivision of another State. Crude oil production was
further subdivided by individual counties within a State. Refinery
districts within Petroleum Administration for Defense (PAD) districts
were selected as the primary division for refinery and bulk terminal
information, and where possible finer subdivisions were made.
Information on 1969 production was available for most of the 31
oil-producing States, and crude oil analyses were available for most of
the oil production. Information on reserves, however, had to be calcu-
lated or updated. Reserve estimates were made for more than 1,000
individual reservoirs representing a 67 percent sample of the total
r' 10
-------
5
crude oil reserve (API) in the United States. Geographically, the sample
included fields from 28 States; hone of the principal oil-producing
States were omitted. Crude oil analyses with sulfur content were avail-
able for the classification of 80 percent of the 1969 oil production;
the sample of production was from 29 States. Results of production and
reserves were classified by sulfur content according to geographical area.
Refinery and bulk terminal data, reported by PAD and refinery
districts, include quantity by sulfur content of residual and No. 4 fuel
oils with the number of companies contributing. Where less than five
companies contributed to the total quantity, the number of companies was
withheld to preserve company confidentiality. The individual company
data incorporated into the data bank was tabulated in various categories
and are presented in tables. Methods utilized were simple and direct
with no attempt to establish trends, averages, or any statistical
parameters because of sulfur data for only four months. The data
available for this study were:
1. March, June, September, and December 1970 individual refinery
reports.
2. December 1970, January, February, and March 1971 sulfur data
for residual and No. 4 fuel oils.
3. Refinery capacity reports as of January 1, 1970.
4. Bulk terminal stocks of finished products for January, February,
and March 1971, and December 1970.
5. Bulk terminal stocks of residual and No. 4 fuel oils by sulfur
levels for December 1970 and January, February, and March 1971.
" 11
-------
6
From the limited quantity of sulfur data, particularly the time
covered (four months), only factual presentation of quantities was
attempted for refinery information in this report. It became obvious
from this study that with more historical information a much more com-
prehensive and useful report would be possible. For example, a full year
(at least) of residual and No. 4 fuel oil by sulfur level would indicate
seasonal trends, distribution, demand, and other facets of consumption.
Flow patterns are essentially divided into two parts: the quantity
of crude oil received at refineries and the products shipped from
refineries. The crude oil received by refineries was 3,189 million
barrels in 1969 from which many products were manufactured, and in 1970,
both input and output increased. Distribution of crude oil to the 262
operating refineries and subsequent product shipments to consumers was
accomplished via pipelines, railroads, trucks, and water transportation.
Under terms of the contract with OAF a data bank was established
and is to be maintained and updated periodically by the Bureau of Mines.
This system contains reserve and production data by fields and refinery
and bulk terminal data by individual company. The system contains six
years historical production information for approximately 17,219 fields
and reserve data, as of December 31, 1969, for over 1,000 fields. Data
relative to refineries include four months (December 1970, January,
February, March 1971), and capacities of individual refineries. Stocks
" 12
-------
7
of finished petroleum products held at bulk terminals for January,
February, and March 1971 with sulfur levels for No. 4 and residual fuel
oils by individual companies comprises the data bank for bulk terminals.
Information derived from the Office of Import Administration (OIA)
concerning quantities of residual fuel oil according to sulfur levels
by individual company, port of entry, and country of origin for 1968
and 1969 was incorporated into the data bank.
- 13
-------
CHAPTER 1.—DOMESTIC CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION AND RESERVE
CRUDE OIL SUPPLY
To provicie baste data pertaining to crude Oil supply by sulfur con-
tent for incorporation into a computerized data system, proved reserves
(as of December 31, 1969) of selected fields (or reservoirs) were esti-
mated and 1969 production data were compiled by the Bureau of Mines. The
system alftsslfied segments of the overall crude oil reserves and produc-
tion by sulfur content according to geographical areas. Based on the
classifications obtained, the remaining reserves and production were
apportioned according to four sulfur content ranges* Results of the
total reserve and production classifications indicated 63.8 percent
*f the reserves and 70.3 percent of the production contained lens than
0.30 percent sulfur, 11.8 percent of the reserves and 11.3 percent *f
the production contained between 0.51 and 1.00 percent sulfur, 17*4 per-
cent of the reserves and 10.6 percent of the production contained between
1.01 and 2,00 percent sulfur,, and 7.0 percent of the reserves and 7,8
percent of the production contained greater than 2,00 percent sulfur*
METHODOLOGY
Production figures and son* information used to estimate reserves
were obtained from data published in State oil and gas reports or in other
literature* Because of the methods used in reporting production, most
I/ Total reserve by areas (not available from the Bureau of Mines) is
that published by the American Petroleum Institute,
-------
9
production was obtained on a field total basis and some on a reservoir
total basis. In tabulating results, the total* of the data »Kown am
from fields and reservoirs. Thus, the term fi«ld (or reservoir) was
used in this report to denote the totals obtained.
Of approximately 5*500 fields which have Bureau of Mines crude oil
analyses with sulfur content* about 1*000 fields (or reservoirs) were
selected from most of th* Nation's oil-producing areas to estimate erode
oil reserves., Sulfur content of the production from an additional 2,600
fields (or reservoirs) was included in thin report. Previously* the
Bureau of Minos categorized sulfur content of crude oil by ranges and
correlated this with oil production. This report differs from the pre-
vious Bureau of Mines studies in that the sulfur content of crude oil is
also related to field reserves<,
In selecting fields (or reservoirs) for reserve estimates, an effort
was Made to ascertain sulfur content of the reserves of a «tnimim of 50
percent of the crude oil production in each geographical area; however,
this was found not feasible because of a time element and lack of cruder
oil analysis in some areas0 Thereafter, only fields with 100,000 barrels-
per-year production and a relevant analysis were considered. Production
rate criterion was lowered as necessary to include at Least a crude oil
sulfur content in each geographical area where possible.
Method of Assigning Sulfur .Content
In considering th* sulfur content of a field (or reservoir) only out
Bureau of Mines crude oil analysis was selected to be representative of
each field (or reservoir)« Where more than one reservoir were producing
''" 15
-------
10
in a field and production was reported as a field total, the crude oil
analysis chosen was judged to be representative of that expected from
a composite sample from the producing reservoirs.
Methods of Estimating Proved Reserves
There are three msthods commonly employed by reservoir engineers
to calculate reserves of petroleum. The volumetric method and material
balance method require considerable reservoir data and time* The pro-
duction decline method requires a minimum amount of data and time and
is used most frequently9 but the accuracy is very dependent on the
knowledge and skill of the reservoir engineer using it»
In making the reserve estimates for more than one thousand fields
(or reservoirs) for use in this study, all three of the described methods
were employed to some extent. The method most frequently used was the
production decline using mathematical equations which took into considef-
2/
atlon rates of production and reservoir characteristics— . When using
3/
the volumetric method, recovery factors were derived from published data .
In some cases, oil reserves from published and unpublished source* were
used, and only a preliminary check was made to verify estimates,
SULFUR CONTENT OF OIL IN THE UNITED STATES
The assessment of sulfur content in current and f*turo domestic
2f Arps, Jan J, Estimation of Primary Oil and Gas Reserves. Petro-
letan Production Handbook, ed. by Thomas C« Frick, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., Inc., Now York, N. Y., v. 2, 1962, pp, 37-12 to 37-32.
3/ Amorican Petroleum Institute. A Statistical Study of Recovery
Efficiency, Bull* Dl4, October 1967, 33 pp.
" 16
-------
11
crude oil production will be necessary to assist in the abatement of
air pollution^ Currently, the principal method for reducing sulfur
oxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion sources is the utilization
of low-sulfur fuels (natural gas, low-sulfur fuel oil, and low-sulfur
coal)„ Data pertaining to the sulfur content of the fossil fuels are
needed to facilitate substitution of fossil fuels with lower sulfur
content in areas of air quality control. This study pertains to the
sulfur content in crude oil, the most important fossil fuel.
Classification of Oil Reserves from Selected Fields
The selected fields (fields with reserve estimates) included in
this study are shown in figure !„ Each dot on the map represents one
or more selected fields within a county or parish of the Stat*. These
selected fields had a crude oil reserve of 19,754 million barrels (67
percent of the total reserve) and produced about 1,921 million barrels
of oil (60 percent of the 1969 production). The oil reserves df the
selected fields (or reservoirs) were summarized according to four sulfur
content ranges as shown in table 1, Most of the oil reserve (12,145
million barrels) in the selected fields (or reservoirs) was in the 0 to
0,5 percent sulfur content range, and production associated with this
reserve was 1,216 million barrels. Eight geographical areas had about
75 percent of the reserve in the 0 to 0»5 percent sulfur content range
as follows: Louisiana, south (2,687 million barrels); Texas Railroad
Commission (RRC) district 6 <2,100 million barrels); Texas RRC district
8A (1,241 million barrels); Texas RRC district 3 (921 million barrels)?
Texas RRC district 2 (675 million barrels)j Oklahoma (592 million barrels);
-------
-------
TABLE 1. - Classification of crude oil re^serves of selected fieIda by
sulfur content in the United States—'December 31* 1969
I/
Geographical arear^
California
Illinois. ,
Kentucky and Tennessee.....
Louisiana
New Mexico Northwest
Ohio, New York, and
Texas
West Virginia and Virginia.
Wyoming and South Dakota...
S
0.00-0.50
58,300
432,300
3,284
347
9,055
306,835
35,460
219,097
18,748
126,230
11,720
133,510
2,686,976
30,175
13,689
134,001
9,528
239,714
17,989
123,683
115,060
591,521
21,562
674,592
920,822
299,983
12,210
2,099,610
110.354
191,112
434,720
1,241,400
92,189
172,588
169,359
53,486
334*072
12.145.281
Reserves,
ulfur contc
0.51-1.00
699
4.914
109.000
32,180
718,230
169,000
154
58,383
17.760
44,600
2,709
28,090
55,933
17,254
91,000
37.700
261
275.900
78,009
5.420
118,860
15,700
3.243
18,800
80,750
48.216
2*470
40*485
2.075.720
UOQP bbl
rat* percent
1.01-2.00
^
65,003
6,980
1,293,972
425,100
752
8,340
47,867
*M
135,630
1,810
te
960
17,600
1.460.820
595,200
5*020
183,567
A. 248*621
>2.00
8,054
9,999
103,810
47,830
*=*
^
71,570
3,670
17.789
«ar
*•
m.100
4.890
215.100
132,850
w
396,224
1 283.886
Total
67,05^
432,300
81 j,200
220 337
1 j 383^0^7
1,450,? 65
201B460
219,897
18 8 902
185,365
11,720
151,270
2,731,576
32j,884
121,689
241*471
26,782
466,344
n«989
180*982
1153321
867*421
100 531
680 ,,012
920.822
299«983
m-070
2 405«010
110 354
iqa 245
2 129JL&Q
2 050*200
l&n AQ5
m588
mfiAQ
53,486
954^348
10 7^9 Rnfl
I/ Geographical area la a state, combination of states, subdivision of a ~st»t«,
and combination of a state and geographical subdivision of another state.
-------
12
Texas RRC district 8 (435 million barrels); and Alaska, excluding
North Slope reserves, (432 million barrels). The 1.01 to 2.00 percent
sulfur content range had the second highest oil reserve of 4,249 million
barrels with an associated production of 324 million barrels. In this
higher sulfur content range, three geographical areas had 79 percent of
the reserve as follows: Texas RRC district 8 (1,461 million barrels)5
California, Los Angeles Basin (1,294 million barrels); and Texas RRC
district 8A (595 million barrels). Of the remaining reserve, 2,076
million barrels was in the 0»51 to 1,00 percent sulfur content range and
1,284 million barrels was in the greater than 2.00 percent sulfur content
range. The top seven geographical areas with 75 percent of the oil re-
serve in the 0,51 to 1.00 percent sulfur content range were? California,
San Joaquin (718 million barrels); Oklahoma (276 million barrels);
Colorado (169 million barrels); Texas RRC district 5 (119 million barrels);
California, Coastal (109 million barrels); N*w Mexico, southeast (91 mil-
lion barrels); and Texas RRC district 8A (81 million barrels). Areas with
74 percent of the reserve in the greater than 2.00 percent sulfur range
were: Wyoming and South Dakota (396 million barrels); Texas RRC district
6 (272 million barrels); Texas RRC district 8 (215 million barrels); and
Mississippi (72 million barrels).
Classification of Total Crude Oil Reserves
To classify the total crude oil reserves as of December 31, 1969,
sulfur content was allocated to the remaining reserve (total API reserves
minus Bureau of Mines selected.. field reserves)«, The above allocation
was based on the sulfur content assigned to the reserves of 1,000 selected
"' 20
-------
13
fields (or reservoirs) and that assigned to the production of the addi-
tional 2,600 fields not associated with selected fields (or reservoirs).
As shown in table 2, the breakdown of U.S. reserve by sulfur content
ranges was: 0 to 0*5 percent, 18,908 million barrels; 0,51 to 1.00 per-
cent, 3,499 million barrels; 1.01 to 2.00 percent, 5,151 million barrels;
and greater than 2.00 percent, 2,074 million barrels.
About 82 percent of the U.S. reserve was in Texas, Louisiana, Cali-
fornia, and Oklahoma (fig. 2). The crude oil reserve from these four
areas are classified in table 2 and total 15,779 million barrels of 0 to
0.5 percent sulfur content, 2,638 million barrels of 0,51 to 1.00 percent,
4,558 million barrels of 1.01 to 2.00 percent, and 1,410 million barrels
greater than 2.00 percent.
Classification of 80 Ptercant of the 1969 Production
Sulfur content was assigned to a larger segment of the Nation's oil
production than that associated with the estimated reserves because of
the time required to estimate individual field reserves. About 80 percent
of the production was assigned sulfur content and classified as shown in
table 3. The lowest sulfur content range, 0 to 0.5 percent, had the
largest production of 1,744 million barrels. Eight geographical areas
with about 66 percent of the oil production in this low range were:
Louisiana, south (476 million barrels); Oklahoma (120 million barrels);
Texas RRC district 3 (110 million barrels)} Texas RRC district 8 (109
million barrels)$ California, Los Angeles Basin (103 million barrels);
Texas RRC district 6 (82 million barrels); Texas RRC district 8A (77
million barrels); and Alaska, including 277,000 barrels from the North
-------
TABLE 2. - Classification of total .crude oil reserves by sulfur content
in the United States—December 31« 1969
Geographical area—'
California
Illinois* ,. o ...... „ o .......
Kentucky and Tennessee.....
Louisiana
New Mexico Northwest
Ohio, New York, and
Texas
District lp«. .««..•.•»•••
District 3,,,...»
District 7B ««»»«•. •...**•
District 8A. ....«.....«••
District 10........... »,.
West Virginia and Virginia.
Wyoming and South Dakota...
JL/ Geographical area la a
Reserves, 1,000 bbl
Sulfur content* percent
0.00-0.50
64,414
432,300
9,573
13,484
11,647
461,318
144,230
271,867
41,153
394*613
73,230
289,881
5,130,053
43,933
83,484
152,645
20,551
428,099
38,369
142,256
193,516
999,031
40, W
881,063
1,821,646
563,768
12,403
2,190,955
242,444
306,463
899,82:,
1,457,499
222,178
234,968
187,368
53,486
353,635
18,907,496
0,51-UOO
776
6,533
263,624
65,287
973,174
253,409
248
154
170,517
37,879
225,913
7,168
72,026
64,278
26,284
160,787
52,031
382
389,806
112,260
5,420
12,782
97
121,967
15,830
17,002
151,364
132,717
113,389
3,637
42*378
3,499,119
state, combination of
1.01-2,00
94,869
26,800
1,486,820
518,546
57
1,620
*rt
5,424
416
21,301
53,969
222,163
4,050
1,146
3,717
M
496
34,748
5,690
1,759,582
714,763
5,182
189,711
5,151,070
>2.00
8,899
16,371
345,264
76,766
2,908
*i^
183,387
4,873
**
248
36,167
1,041
348,749
19,198
357,811
261,199
411,296
2,074,177
states, subdivision of
Total
2/ 74,089
-432,300
127 ; 346
649,172
1,646,520
1,953,038
400,604
272,115
41,307
566,750
73,230
333,184
5,355,966
519517
360,198
275,765
46,835
811,297
38S369
234,504
193,898
1,389,983
157,166
886,481
1,834,428
563,865
134,866
2,590,282
242,444
348,353
39168a582
2,566,178
335,567
234,968
196,187
53,486
997»020
•2/29,631,862
a state,
and combination of a state and geographical subdiytsiqn^f another state*
2f Excludes North Slope reserves '
3/ Total API reserve.
-------
%
;'Vf, \<(
-\ \ Vs
/ '
«~£
J >
^-'
^ro
eg
r-H
CO
fl
D
O
C'
w
I
I
to
C)
•n
o
CD
J^
J-)
0
•rl
CJ
T3
* \
/ J -..
• N ''-N / /-'
, •- •./-"••••/ ^
'' '• ''•"' C
'i'l
, : ,,j
•^
/
/
/
/
B
i> O
S .« c 0
a £ -I £ 2
Z " ' ^:;'^
5 :' • iiU "' "">
Vi ' i,1 u
^
a
V)
O
^
*^J
0)
>
0
^1
r-i
i
i
o
0§ CM
~ o or
0 8 0. «' W
O X UT c W
1 -' 0 ? P
o P «- £ O
5!!? II !l 1 s
": sCr-ipr
•* " ••
1 RIH!^!^
$s ! . -1 !•••
3
-------
:la.TJi I': --•' <<-.n of '•:",
T7--
i! of t he_ 11 "69 crude
;•; ':; ' '• I'.nl eV. YuJtos
If
• ',' ;,.i: -..;••.,, i, ron _bi.i
r>i»'lt:'''' I'M-"."'• ' r>77(iOri;rVr7Vrr777l
r
To'..",]
/'] !'< - 1 c'l i i iT-j 'It!
M ., , i- -
, , , ,,.-,-
Cr. I Mot ,-<-••
1 ,-" ' ,V< ,
| , , , 1 _, -,'".,- l( r-c,,.
T r"i s ;' . r .
r!< h • - i
"1* c-I r^-Ji,",
t-0- ;j. - .;-,-,(
0, 1 •"' .- ;
1 (.' C" f.
n- c • , r ,
]ij : 1 i-( .-• 3
pi i, t r' r ">.....
1-1 st i !r f)
i^ : 1 1 r ', :_- / '
\) ' G t ) j r f \ . . . .....
IH bt ,- ' r V
Hi <;ti i rt 1 0
V.'est VJrc; '.-,}.. ,'i:d \'lt(;}iila.
U'yc.iu'p;', nrd Soi'th biliot" . . .
Total ... . .
(•,<' O/
7i|i)3.
3 3 32
26,2'V
56 73 5
7 "04
AS fio3
2 i'?o
/•7r-'o2"'
V , ! 3 2
4,1'-.?
/ 340
r-o i'?
; . " i ' ?
I i ' ' ' "' ':
,1 -. -i i
>;i '.""')
1 ft i.l 7
10R 75°,
1 3 64 3
'*') 7 ')8
3, JO;,-
-H , r ^ •
.'/''
'-^'i i'l
3 M 9
6 , 5 / '-'
5 7 i'' < ','
i' 0
]?. ,7" 0
?4 'x'i'i
i 3 1 . ' ,
4 o ;"
4 , /• ' '<
/ •• (/•-
,". i. >
9
11, V,'
1 , 5'-<-
] , ^'-!?
-\ '''',,'•'••>
6 , 3 ';4
T'f,
voo o-i'.
5 'PI
3,4'M
?K '. c 1
"' 1 4
('• 'J
1,M'.'/
'
/I "O 1
f-,6'-
''31
' /
_
4R
3,322
G^
P2> V) *
70,,'Cr>
I l)20
31 ]'/!
}00, TiO
". :
993
4 31?
26 863
9 429
141
.
10,550
703
91
' 3°. 8
83
_
_
25.845
1,^X4
43,736
31 ,822
_
M
53, "HP-
-j, -,03
1 71'1/
3,333
17
7 ^/iA
5,680
4 ''48
30 867
35.03 6
3 £2, ';07
3 f> •* i
4 "i , 0 ': (•
3 , ? 5 5
3 c 1 (,
' ri 1 :'-, S
1 /• 1 o
5 '>7i
59 151
4 5 V 5
17 , 74S
33 , l)03
553
6, 'i/O
13 , 3 /i 9
3 5 /(Ot;
34,550
4 333
742
650 816
c> 4 i 9
74,313
17 ] i 9
66,3?3
1'. o r,.-.g
•vy f^A
50 "?3
7 R">'.
13*4°')
43.972
6?>?,n;'7
63,^13
4-'' .'-'43
1' 0-"-0
1 1 -i -7 1 q
8 739
.TV/ =33
17 3 05
17 009
/'I ?'<3
80,9/2
11 9,4 31
37 94?
44,42?
284 151
56,885
28,637
23,7'"t
3,105
156,4/-y
3,189 071
}J r.-Oj-.?, ; lil c-il ar^c. in o :'.'•'f , rc-n' ! i,-..t j on of sLatcs, cubdivl aion of a state, and
co'i'blnr.' 1 o'i ol A ttrUt- ".•!.' ;/:r;,- ;,-,';! c;.l M'hiij \ isic" ^Ttaiiother stale.
2.' N'ort'i Slop' pr'HV'Ct't.:!. *.'. "J
-------
14
Slope, (74 million barrels). The 1.01 to 2.00 percent sulfur content
range had the next highest oil production of 300 million barrels. In
this range, four geographical areas with 75 percent of the oil production
were; Texas RRC district 8 (83 million barrels)| Texas RRC district 8A
(70 million barrels); California, Los Angeles Basin (40 million barrels)?
and Wyoming and South Dakota (31 million barrels). Of the remaining pro-
duction, 282 million barrels was in the 0.51 to 1.00 percent sulfur content
range, and 212 million barrels was in the greater than 2.00 percent range.
The top seven geographical areas with 66 percent of the production in the
0.51 to 1.00 percent range were: California, San Joaquin (58 million
barrels); Oklahoma (43 million barrels);5 Louisiana, south (24 million
barrels); Texas RRC district 8 (20 million barrels); New Mexico, southeast
(14 million barrels); Kansas and Missouri (13 million barrels); and Texas
RRC district 8A (13 million barrels). Breakdown of 74 percent of the oil
production in the greater than 2.00 percent range was: Wyoming and South
Dakota (54 million barrels), Texas RRC district 8 (44 million barrels),
Texas RRC district 8A (32 million barrels), an* California, Coastal (27
million barrels).
Classification of Total 1969 Production
Based on the sulfur content assigned to 80 percent of the 1969 pro-
duction, the remaining (20 percent) was apportioned to the four .-sulfur
content ranges to establish the classification of the total 1969 produc-
tion as sham in table 4. It was assumed that the result of assigning
sulfur content by the above method would not vary appreciably from"that
had the actual sulfur content been known. Breakdown of the production
-------
TABLE 4. - Clarification of total 1969 crude, oil production
by sulfur content in the United States
Geographical areai/
California
Louisiana
New Mexico Southeast
New Mexico Northwest
Ohio, New York and Pennsylvania.
Texas
District 4.... ..».*. ««.•*•*.*•
West Virginia and Virginia*.....
1969 production, 1,000 bbl
Sulfur content, percent
6. 00-6.30"
7,910
74,036
1,540
27,657
102,675
56,740
10,730
50,678
7,763
61,431
13,495
37,360
649,860
10,430
19,151
24,924
6,114
33,299
8,759
14,955
17,061
158,676
4,539
70,781
143,887
80,958
2,798
86,971
37,942
39,388
121,050
83,659
40,378
28,637
21,467
3,106
59,630
2,242,435
0.31-1.00
2/277
£/277
2,515
6,919
12,356
57,674
16,961
45
61
25,128
5,832
33,137
1,662
10,505
9,810
5,966
23,034
4,635
44
56,319
11,752
457
1,354
14
10,802
1,697
2,125
22,311
13,700
16,507
337
7,944
362,157
1.01-2,00
7,238
3,665
40,281
28,494
4
519
«•>
780
98
3,860
8,750
35,351
689
279
605
50
3,316
888
92,109
75,833
1,990
32,523
337,324
>2pOO
1,232
5,866
28,282
9,432
191
29,897
759
35
2,474
113
27,447
2,021
48,681
34,373
oa
56,352
247,155
Iota I
9,4L'-;
74,313
17S159
66,523
164,744
142,908
27?886
50,723
79824
87,078
13,495
43,972
68289£7
12,19ft
63rAI'.i
44,243
12,080
113,719
8,759
22,753
17,105
215,274
178009
71,238
145,241
80,972
13,650
119S431
37,942
44,422
284 „ 151
207,567
56,885
28,637
239794
3,106
156,449
3,189,071
JL/ Geographical area is a state, combination of states, subdivision of a State,
and combination of a state and geographical ^subdivision of another state.
2/ North Slope production. ^6
-------
15
by sulfur content ranges was: 0 to 0.5 percent, 2,243 million barrels;
0.51 to 1.00 percent, 362 million barrels; 1.01 to 2.00 percent, 337
million barrels; and greater than 2.00 percent, 247 million barrels.
The classification of the total 1969 crude oil production and
reserves as of December 31, 1969, in the United States is summarized
in table 5. ^ -.
*
-------
o ~* -T r*i f) c> j r- i-C r^ *o Oi r-t
ci i--. o in to o i
- cr> m *n -t tT* °3 M eg o r-< rj c i ,-t r~. m r-, *f vr1
< m ""i o (*•« o c r-* m c" 1 -.t ct in MJ o vf
- v f_ < 1 , v i-g ; , f y , , |-^ ;*•>
,jf j - , i io ^ - r n "• TO -~i
"j| .H .-4
-a . ,- r i r < ct »
1 t 1 1 -- .0 1 00 1 ***• 1
1 1 I I C* 1 1
i r~t i i i i i i i t-. <.r\ t »n i *4- i i n i i i i i^. i
- -
i i i ,'T MJ
0
r--
0
CO
04 in r~(
• r- i T~< c-l •,: Ci O ri r- r* o i t-t c -- -" t r- i co
. co i"O ' o t j • j ." J v.i cr« \o en o •*.• '-•< ^.c <*i r^
i r-- o <*i co i-j j r-- c\ « ;j v ' r -. -n o
J1
!<^i;
144
j ''"^ i.—. r- ' *. r "> j. -,, .-i '. i /-* '•; I f ' r r i • '"^ o ^r i ^O -4" f^ CM r- -
va.» -.c) ft 'o n 'O oo <*i m -1 m i- r> u"; to ^3 •-C >n
^ >n o ^-3 o '-o !-.•»•$•(?»-; --,- ^-j -,t »~* ON to --}
i?LL . .
!:-.N,—o ' - c,-,,/,.;.
ON >/> *H SO v'« t-< r»- O3 OO r-J *^1 /O C~ ' ~> CO t"- t*- O O
j . > CO • .->
^. {
,o -J- c( c-l in
" -5
o r, -1
*3 O t
'^ - I O O & '"3
n. » • O p O
nt v o
y ex. 2:
^ c
)J J^ J r-l
cc :j f-< o
O ^ O 4J
« -^ « P
- - .
r: 4 '-. w o a -' .n s |s n .H ^-« ?S «
'!' '3 t-( * 5 J ^J kJ O ^1 ,^ "J
x .--) 5; n-; >; /: K ^ ^ o O H
-------
16
SULFUR CONTENT OF OIL BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS
Of the 31 States with oil production during 1969, four were
subdivided into a total of 19 areas, and nine were combined with
other States or subdivisions resulting in a total of 37 geograph-
ical areas (fig. 3). Due to a limited discussion in this report,
data sheets of each geographical area are included as additional
information. This information pertains to each area's contribution
to the U.S. production and reserve status, production and reserve
trends, and production and reserve by sulfur content, the latter
based on selected field data.
Alabama and Florida
1, 1969 production of 9.419,000 bbl was 0.30 percent of U.S. pro-
duction. Alabama 7,685,000 bbl. Florida 1,734.000 bbl.
2. Reserve of about 74,089,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
0.25 percent of U.S. reserve (APT).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Alabama's annualserade oil production peaked in
1963 at 9,175,000 tbl.*
B. After 1945 Alabama's annual crude oil reserve peaked in J.966
at 85,344,000 bbl.*
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: J5
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 83.3
C« Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 90.5
f r\
*Florida information not available. *-'
-------
,<•
,- ,r<^!..
i ^-
\(
Is
\ .^^f\ ••
1 ,'/^-s"
•.•• \ < \r.
]
*
I
1
I
t " f
IU I
t- r
J
c ^ *
C
1 t •TT5'*aty*Ti;-v*-^-*[? ""'~ .
V . yl~ •>
I tO ' . ' '
r <<"
• • s s
X*
s.'
tc
*?
> j*' v'
; _ I -• I
•& '" -* ^ s- -,- f*
A 'f -i ' '
•5 [ - >
?• '
^<»IS>T.-J'' v > a -«*
f \
O
3 f'l
SiL-
8-'!f.
otl
O
ro
VO
CTi
r-l
I
I
O
O
4-J
(J
id
CJ
4J
•r-l
O
C
•rJ
O
3
•U
O
!-l
OH
CO
nj
O
rt
o
•H
O
O
60
01
->
4-)
V-i
CO
O
H-l
fn
\-(-..
-------
17
Alaska
1. 1969 production of 74,313,000 bbl was 2.33 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 432,300,000 bbl* as of December 31, 1969 was 1.46
percent of U.S. reserve (API).**
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Alaska's annual crude oil production has not
established a peak.
B. After 1945 Alaska's annual crude oil reserve has not established
a peak.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: J5
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 100.0
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 100.0
* Excludes North Slope reserves.
** Reserve was 10,148,824,000 bbl as of December 31, 1970, including
North Slope.
Arkansas
1. 1969 production of 17,159,000 bbl was 0.54 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 127,346,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 0.43
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Arkansas' annual crude oil production peaked in
1948 at 31,056.000 bbl.
B. After 1945 Arkansas' annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1953
at 358.231.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: _36_
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 67.0
C. Percent of 1969 reserve jrtth assigned sulfur content: 65.3
-------
18
California
1. 1969 production of 374,175.000 bbl was 11.74 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 4,242,730,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
14.32 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 California's annual crude oil production peaked in
1968 at 375,730,000 bbl.
B. After 1945 California's annual crude oil reserve peaked in
1966 at 4.607,951.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: Tjl
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 65.6
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 72.0
California, Coastal
1. 1969 production of 66^523,000 bbl was 2.09 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 649.172.000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 2.19
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 California Coastal's annual crude oil production
peaked in 1953 at 93,942.000 bbl.
B. After 1945 California Coastal's annual crude oil reserve peaked
in 1954 at 853.983,000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: JJO
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 41.2
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 33.9
32
-------
19
California, Los Angeles Basin
1, 1969 production of 164,744,000 bbl was 5.17 percent of U.S. pro-
duction*
2. Reserve of about 1,640,520,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
5.54 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API)t
A. After 1945 California, Los Angeles Basin's annual crtjde oil
production has not established a peak.
B. After 1945 California, Los Angeles Basin's annual crude oil
reserve peaked in 1966 at 1,921.282,000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A* Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 3!L
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 68.0
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 84.3
California, San Joaquin
1, 1969 production of 142,908,000 bbl was 4.48 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 1,953,038,OOP bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
6.59 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A* After 1945 California, San Joaquin1s annual crude oil production
peaked in 1948 at 157.693,000 bbl.
B. After 1945 California, San Joaquin's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1958 at 2.116.491.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A* Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 3,1
B.. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 74.3
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 74.3
^ " ' "
-------
20
Colorado
1, 1969 production of 27.886,000 bbl was 0.87 percent of U.S. pro-
duction,
2. Reserve of about 400,604.000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 1,35
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Colorado's annual crude oil production peaked in
1956 at 58,516.000 bbl.
B. After 1945 Colorado's annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1968
at 420.473.000 bbl.
4* Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: £
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content! 51.3
C, Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 51.0
Illinois
1. 1969 production of 50,723,000 bbl was 1.59 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 272,115,OOP bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
0.92 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API)I
A. After 1945 Illinois' annual crude oil production peaked in
1956 at 82.314.000 bbl.
B. After 1945 Illinois' annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1956
at 700»000,000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: j29
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 80.0
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 80.5
•- • " ' '
-------
21
Indiana
1. 1969 production of 7,824,000 bbl was 0,25 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 41,307,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 0.14
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Indiana's annual crude oil production peaked in
1953 at 12,641,000 bbl.
B. After 1945 Indiana's annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1959
at 73.951.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: j8_
B, Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 44.5
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 45.8
Kansas and Missouri
1. 1969 production of 87,078,000 bbl was 2.73 percent of U.S. pro-
duction. Kansas 87,011,000 bbl, Missouri 67,000 bbl.
2. Reserve of about 566,750,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 1.91
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Kansas' annual crude oil production peaked in 1956
at 124.473.000 bbl.*
B. After 1945 Kansas' annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1955 at
998,068.000 bbl.*
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 44*
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 33«1
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 32.7
*Missouri information not available. 35
-------
22
Kentucky and Tennessee
1. 1969 production of 13,495.000 bbl was 0.42 percent of U.S. pro-
duction. Kentucky 13,463,000 bbl. Tennessee 32,000 bbl.
2. Reserve of about 73,230,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 0.25
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API)s
A, After 1945 Kentucky's annual crude oil production peaked in
1959 at 27,272,000 bbl.*
B, After 1945 Kentucky's annual crude ell reserve peaked in 1956
at 148.442,000 bbl.*
4* Crude oil analysis!
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur contenti 8*
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content! 17^9
C, Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur contentt 1.6,0
*Tennessee information not available.
Louisiana
1. 1969 production of 726,969.000 bbl was 22.78 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 5^689,150,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
19.20 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API);
A* After 1945 Louisiana's annual crude oil production has net
established a peak.
B. After 1945 Louisiana's annual crude oil reserve has not
established a peak.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A, Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: ,95
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 48.3
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 50.7
-------
23
Louisiana, North
1. 1969 production of 43,972,000 bbl was 1,38 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2, Reserve of about 333,184,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
1,12 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3« Production and reserve trends (API)s
A. After 1945 Louisiana, North's annual crude oil production
peaked In 1965 at 51,904,000 bbl,
B. After 1945 Louisiana, North's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1956 at 464.745,000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A, Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 11
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 43,6
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur contents 45.4
Louisiana, South
1. 1969 production of 682,997,000 bbl was 21.40 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 5,355,966,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
18,08 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3» Production and reserve trends (API):
A, After 1945 Louisiana, South's annual crude oil production has
not established a peak.
B, After 1945 Louisiana, South's annual crude oil reserve has not
established a peak.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 84
B, Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 48,6
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 51,0
" 37
-------
24
Michigan
1, 1969 production of 12,190,000 bbl was 0.38 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 5.1,517,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 0.17
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3, Production and reserve trends (API)?
A* After 1945 Michigan's annual crude oil production peaked in
1961 at 18,901.000 bbl.
B. After 1945 Michigan's annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1961
at 78.790.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis!
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 13
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 63.2
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 63,8
Mississippi
1. 1969 production of 63.413.000 bbl was 1.99 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 360.198.000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 1.22
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API)s
A* After 1945 Mississippi's annual crude oil production has not
established a peak.
B, After 1945 Mississippi's annual crude oil reserve peaked in
1954 at 412.276.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A« Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 22
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 33^9
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 33.8
"' 30
-------
25
Montana
1. 1969 production of 44,243,000 bbl was 1.39 percent of U.S. pro-
duction,,
2. Reserve of about 275,765,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
0.93 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A* After 1945 Montana's annual crude oil production peaked in
1968 at 48,460,000 bbl,
B* After 1945 Montana's annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1968 at
345,117,000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A» Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 38^
B» Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 91.0
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 87.6
Nebraska
1, 1969 production of 12,080,000 bbl was 0«38 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 46,835,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 0.16
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3» Production and reserve trends (API)?
A. After 1945 Nebraska's annual crude oil production peaked In
1962 at 25,195,000 bbl.
B. After 1945 Nebraska's annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1961
at 100,429.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis!
A* Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content; 20
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 56.9
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 37.2
"39
-------
26
New Mexico
lf 1969 production of 120,061^000 bbl was 3.77 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2f Reserve of about 83 9, 927 , OOP bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 2.84
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 New Mexico's annual crude oil production peaked
in 1968 at 120,982,000 bbl.
B, After 1945 New Mexico's annual crude oil reserve peaked in
1961 at 1.090.203,000 bbl.
4, Crude oil analysis?
A, Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content? .39
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 57 ,3
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur contents 56.6
New Mexico. Northwest and Arizona
1. 1969 production of 8,759,000 hjjj. was 0.27 percent of U.S. pro-
duction, New Mexico, Northwest 6^341^00.0 bbl. Arizona 2,418,000 bbl.
2. Reserve of about 38^369,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 0.13
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3« Production and reserve trends (API)s
A, After 1945 New Mexico, Northwest's annual crude oil production
peaked in 1961 at 14.211,000 bbl,*
B, After 1945 New Mexico, Northwest's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1961 at 75,080,000 bbl0*
4. Crude oil analysis!
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content! 4_
B» Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 46,9
C» Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 46 • 9
*Arizona information not available. r ' /^ p
-------
27
New Mexico, Southeast
1. 1969 production of 113,719,000 bbl was 3*57 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2, Reserve of about 811,297,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 2
-------
28
Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania
1. 1969 production of ^7,105,000 bbl was 0.54 percent of U.S. pro-
duction. Ohio 10.971.000 bbl. New York 1,256,000 bbl. Pennsylvania
4.878.000 bbl.
2. Reserve of about 193,898,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 0.66
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API);
A. After 1945 these three States' annual crude oil production
peaked In 1964 at 22.836.000 bbl.
B. After 1945 these three States' annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1956 at 238,471.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A, Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 3*
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 67.4
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur contents 57.9
^Excludes Ohio because sulfur samples refer to crude oil grades and
not fields*
Oklahoma
1. 1969 production of 215.274,000 bbl was 6.75 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 1.389,983,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
4.69 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Oklahoma's annual crude oil production peaked In
1967 at 221.278.000 bbl.
B. After 1945 Oklahoma's annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1955
at 2,016.045.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A, Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 30
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 61.0
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 62.4
-------
29
Texas
1. 1969 production of 1,107,144.000 bbl was 34.71 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 13,063^1828OOP bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
44.08 percent of U.S. reserve (API)*
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Texas' annual crude oil production has not
established a peak*
B. After 1945 Texas' annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1951
at 15,314.964*000 bbl.
4. Grade oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 381
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 57.6
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 71«5
Texas, District 1
1. 1969 production of 17,009,000 bbl was 0.53 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 157,166,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 0,53
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API)»
A. After 1945 Texas, District 1's annual crude oil production
peaked in 1956 at 20,104,OOP bbl.
B. After 1945 Texas, District 1's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1967 at 159,435,000 bb!0
4. Crude oil analysis:
A* Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: .15
B* Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 62.6
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 64.0
-------
30
Texas, District 2
1. 1969 production of 71,238,000 bbl was 2.23 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.,
2. Reserve of about 886,4831,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 2,,99
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Texas, District 2's annual crude oil production
has not established a peak,
3* After 1945 Texas, District 2's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1961 at It008.953.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A« Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: £8
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 72»4
C» Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur contents 76.7
Texas, pis trie t 3
1. 1969 production of 145,241,000 bbl was 4.55 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 1,834,428,000 bbl as of December 31> 1969 was
6.19 percent of U.S. reserve (API)..
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Texas, District 3°s annual crude oil production
peaked In 1948 at 182>610,000 bbl,
B. After 1945 Texas, District 3's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1948 at 2*557»022,OOP bbl.,
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content; 43
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 48.4
C« Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 50.2
I;/,
-------
31
Texas» District 4
1. 1969 production of 80.972,000 bbl was 2.54 percent of [1,8, pro-
duction*
2« Reserve of about 563,865,000 bbl as of December 319 1969 was 109C
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API)s
A. After 1945 Texas, District 4's annual crude oil production
peaked in 1953 at 92,946,000 bbl.
B. After 1945 Texas, District 4's annual crude oil reserv®
peaked in 1952 at 1.356,161,000 bbl,
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 37_
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content; 50.3
C, Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur contents 53.2
Texas, District 5
1. 1969 production of 13.650,000 bbl was 0.43 percent of U.S. pro-
duction*
2. Reserve of about 134.866,0^0 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 0,46
percent of U.S. reserve (API);
3. Production and reserve trends (API)?
A. After 1945 Texas, District 5's annual crude oil production
peaked in 1951 at 18.993.000 bbl,
B. After 1945 Texas, District 5"s annual crude oil reserve
was a maximum 295.967,000 bbl in 1946.
4o Crude oil analysis;
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur contents 12
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 91.7
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur contents 97«2
-------
32
Texas. District 6
1. 1969 production of 119,431,000 bbl was 3.75 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 2,590,282»000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
8.74 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3, Production and reserve trends (API)?
A. After 1945 Texas, District 6"s annual crude oil production
p*aked in 1947 at 158,547.000 bbl,
B, After 1945 Texas, District 6's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1952 at 3,507,817,000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysisj
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: J.O
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 83,0
C» Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 92.9
Texas, District 7B
1. 1969 production of 37,942,000 bbl was 1,19 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2* Reserve of about 242,444,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
0.82 percent of U.S, reserve (API).
3* Production and reserve trends (API);
A, After 1945 Texas, District 7B's annual crude oil production
peaked in 1956 at 58ff285sOOO bbl.
B, After 1945 Texas, District 7B's annual crude Ml rtfSftfV®'
peaked in 1957 at 307,207,000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis;
A,, Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content; 43
B« Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 4p»3
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 43«5
-------
33
Texas, District 7C
1. 1969 production of 44,422,000 bbl was 1«39 percent of U.S. pro-
duction,
2. Reserve of about 348,353,OOP bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 1,1,8
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Texas, District 7C's annual crude oil production
peaked in 1955 at 64,103,000 bb!0
B« After 1945 Texas, District 7Cfs annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1951 at 725,498,000 bbl.
4<> Crude oil analysis:
Ao Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur contents 30;
B» Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 60,5
Co Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 57.2
Texas, District 8
1. 1969 production of 284,151,000 bbl was 8.91 percent of U.S. pro-
duction,
2, Reserve of about 3,168,582,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
10.69 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API);
A. After 1945 Texas, District 8's annual crude oil production
peaked in 1967 at 2868081,000 bbl.
B. After 1945 Texas, District 8's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1967 at 3962994%8000 bbl,
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content; 38
Bo Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur contents 52.0
C, Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content; 67.2
-------
34
Texas, District 8A
1. 1969 production of 207,567.000 bbl was 6.51 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 2,566,178,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
8.66 percent of U.S. reserve (API)o
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Texas, District 8Afs annual crude oil production
has not established a peak,,
B. After 1945 Texas, District 8A's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1965 at 2,750,807.000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: _17
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 70.0
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content! 81.8
Texas, District 9
1. 1969 production of 56,885.000 bbl was 1.78 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2. Reserve of about 335,567.000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 1.13
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API)»
A« After 1945 Texas, District 9's annual crude oil production
peaked in 1956 at 77,1483OOP bbl.
B* After 1945 Texas, District 9's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1954 at 544,782,000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis;
A, Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 5_1
B0 Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 36,1
Co Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 41.8
-------
35
Texas, District 10
1. 1969 production of 28,637,000 bbl was 0.90 percent of U.S. pro-
duction.
2, Reserve of about 234,968,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
0.79 percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A» After 1945 Texas, District 10's annual crude oil production
peaked in 1959 at 39.170.000 bbl.
B. After 1945 Texas, District 10's annual crude oil reserve
peaked in 1955 at 362,264,000 bbl.
4. Crude oil analysis:
A« Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur contents 17_
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: .72,1
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 73,5
Utah and Nevada
1, 1969 production of 23,794,000 bbl was 0875 percent of U.S. pro-
duction. Utah 23,571.000 bbl,, Nevada 223.000 bbl.
2. Reserve of about 196,187,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was
0.66 percent of U0S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API);
A* After 1945 Utah's annual crude oil production peaked in 1959
at 39.847.000 bbl.*
Bo After 1945 Utah's annual crude oil reserve peaked in 1963
at 219.576.000 bbl.*
i
4. Crude oil analysis;
A* Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 10*
Bo Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 90.8
C, Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 90.1
!-n
*Nevada information not available. '
-------
36
West Virginia and Virginia
1* 1969 production of 3,106,000 bbl was 0,10 percent of U.S. pro-
duction. West Virginia 3,105,000 bbl» Virginia 1,000 bbl.
2, Reserve of about 53,486,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 0.18
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API);
A. After 1945 West Virginia's annual crude oil production peaked
in 1966 at 3,677,000 bbl.*
B. After 1945 West Virginia's annual crude oil reserve peaked in
1964 at 58,710,000 bbl.* . ?
4« Crude oil analysis:
Ao Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: ^
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 100.0
C. Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 100,0
*Virginla information not available.
Wyoming and South Dakota
1. 1969 production of 156,449,000 bbl was 4,91 percent of U.S. pro-
duction. Wyoming 156,291,000 bbl. South Dakota 158,000 bbl.
2. Reserve of about 997,020,000 bbl as of December 31, 1969 was 3.36
percent of U.S. reserve (API).
3. Production and reserve trends (API):
A. After 1945 Wyoming's annual crude oil production has not
established a peak.*
B. After 1945 Wyoming's annual crude oil reserve peaked in
1960 at 1^427,375,000 bbl.*
4. Crude oil analysis?
A. Number of fields (or reservoirs) with assigned sulfur content: 124
B. Percent of 1969 production with assigned sulfur content: 92,6
Co Percent of 1969 reserve with assigned sulfur content: 95.7
*South Dakota information not available,
-------
37
CHAPTER 2.—REFINERIES AND BULK TERMINALS
LOCATION AND CAPACITIES
The 281 refineries which manufactured the multitude of products
required to meet the United States demand in 1969 were located in 39
States; however, most of the capacity was concentrated in three States.
Texas, California, and Louisiana had 103 refineries and accounted for
52 percent of the U.S. refinery capacity and 18 States had 92 percent
of the total capacity, figure 4. Changes in the number or capacities
of refineries has been of small magnitude in recent years; capacity
increased 2.9 percent in 1969 while the number of refineries decreased
by three.
The basic operation in today's refineries is distillation and
refinery capacities are expressed in terms of crude oil throughput for
this process. Capacities of refineries represent the maximum daily
average crude oil throughput of a plant in complete operation. It
approximates the maximum daily average crude oil throughput or "runs
to stills," that can be maintained for an extended period with allowance
for necessary "downtime." Capacity figures may be expressed in
barrels per calendar day or in barrels per stream day. The former
implies a prorated allowance for regular "downtime" for routine
maintenance and repair. The latter refers to the throughput of a unit
operating for a full day (24 hours) with no allowance for "downtime."
In this report all capacity figures are expressed in barrels per
calendar day, unless otherwise stated. "* ' £*
-------
pc>, \\T4 V-NS-
lx \S\,./^
-------
38
Statistical information relating to capacity of refineries is
usually compiled as of January 1 of each year and is described as
operating or shutdown as of that date. In this discussion only
operating capacity will be used. Shutdown capacity accounts for a
small part of the total. On January 1, 1969, it accounted for 1.4
percent and on January 1, 1970, for 1.6 percent of the total.
On January 1, 1969, there were 264 operating refineries with a
total operating capacity of 11,575,829 barrels per day while on
January 1, 1970, there were 262 refineries with a total capacity of
11,882,393 barrels per day, table 6. The geographic distribution of
operating refining capacity as of January 1, 1970, shows that Texas
leads all other States with 27 percent of the total followed by
California with 14 percent and Louisiana with 11 percent. P.A.D.
District III, figure 5, accounts for 41 percent of the total while P.A.D.
District II has 27 percent. At the refinery district level, the Texas
Gulf district has 24 percent followed by Indiana-Illinois and West Coast
districts, each with about 16 percent.
Increased capacity of down-stream processes, i.e., cracking,
reforming, coking, and alkylation, in refinery operations has reduced the
quantities of distillate and particularly residual fuel oil manufactured.
At the beginning of 1969, operating capacity, expressed in terms of
gasoline output, of these down-stream processes totaled 5,456,754 barrels
per day compared with 5,729,279 barrels per day at the end of the year,
an increase of 5 percent. The geographic distribution of the capacities
of these down-stream facilities follows closely that shown for crude-oil
capacity. About 3,876,531 barrels per calendar day of the total capacity
-------
fABLl. 6. - Number and capacity of petroleum refineries in tlte United States
by P.^.r)..pi*trl£t*_ *pd. -St«tL«jij_ ^l«utary 1^ 1970
Refining District,
P.A.D. District
and State
District I:
Rhode Island
Vlrplnla
West Virginia
Total
District II:
Illinois
Ohio
Oklahoma
Total
District III:
Alabama . .
Mississippi
Nev Mexico
Texan
Total
District TV:
Montana
Utah
Wyoming
Total . . .
District V:
Alaska
California
Nevada
Washington
Total
United States, total
Petroleum
refineries
(Humhcr)
Total
1
1
2
2
7
2
13
I
1
2
32
12
11
12
4
10
3
1
1
2
9
15
1
1
83
6
6
17
5
6
51
91
5
10
5
10
30
2
35
1
1
5
45
281
Opera-
ting
1
1
2
•>
6
2
11
1
1
2
31
11
n
12
4
7
3
1
1
2
7
14
1
1
73
5
6
17
5
5
48
r «
4
9
5
9
27
2
35
1
1
1
5
45
262
Shut-
down
1
1
1
2
3
•>
1
1
10
1
3
5
1
1
1
3
-
-
19
Crude oil distillation^'
Crude oil throughput capacity
(Barrels per calendar day)
Operating
140,000
3,000
8,100
19,000
510,300
87,000
637. 120
7,500
51,400
0,000
1,473,220
709,370
586,000
402,643
142,000
149,518
138,300
83,000
5,000
S3,onn
445,100
455,100
28,500
29,000
3.226,511
27,700
91,000
1,257,400
172,500
41,840
3,235,342
4,825,782
44,700
125,110
114,900
136,900
421,610
37,000
1,631,050
35,000
800
12,000
219,400
1,935,250
11,882,393
Shu
Operable
-
16,000
16,000
6,330
10,000
11,500
2,000
22,500
900
5,000
58,230
6,500
1,000
1,000
32,900
41,400
5,000
4,750
10,000
19,750
3,500
3,500
138,880
:down
Inoperable
20,00(1
20,000
1,500
17,250
18,750
14,300
14,300
_
-
-
-
53,050
140,000
3,000
8,900
19,000
530,300
87,000
653,120
7,500
51,400
9,000
1,509.220
715,700
597,500
402,643
142.000
178,268
138,300
83,000
5,000
55.000
467,600
456,000
28,500
34.000
3,303,511
34,200
91,000
1,258.400
172,500
42,840
3,282,542
4, Ml, 482
49.700
129.8*0
114,900
146,900
441,360
37,000
1.634,550
35,000
100
12,000
219.400
1,938,750
12,074,323
1 Cracking, raformlnf,, coking, and alkylatlon
Gasoline output capacity.?'
(Barrels per calendar day)
Operating
67,100
219,450
34,300
351,638
45,030
2,650
720,168
331,910
220,410
191,287
56,200
68,988
60,500
36,000
2,200
19,820
276,832
221,950
7,700
9,900
1,503,697
38.400
638,479
100,900
17,400
1,533,065
2,328,244
17,250
61,030
49,300
61.630
1(9.210
(91,480
11.6(0
84,800
987,960
5,729,279
Shutdown
Op'er'aVfe
12,000
12,000
3,500
1,500
1,400
7,860
900
15,160
6.150
6,150
1,750
6,110
7.860
5.900
5,900
47,070
Inoperable
1,530
1,530
1,250
8,000
500
9,750
13,530
13.530
600
600
16,095
16.095
41.505
67 .100
219, 45,330
2,650
733,693
335, -.10
220,410
192,537
56,200
78,488
60,500
36,000
2,200
21,220
284,692
222,850
7,700
10,400
1,528.607
38,400
638,479
100,900
17,400
1,552,745
2,347,924
19,000
67,740
49,300
61,630
197,670
913,475
11,680
84,800
1,009,955
5,817,854
I/ Includes a small amount of crude oil charged directly to cracking units
Ij Capacity expressed in terms of gasoline production.
-------
PETROLEUM ADMINISTRATION FOR DEFENSE (PAD) DISTRICTS
(Incl. Alaska
and Hawaii)
BUREAU OF MINES REFINING DISTRICTS
^LOUISIANA
GULF COAST
"TEXAS
GULF COAST
FIGURE 5. - Petroleum administration for defense (PAD) and refinery districts
-------
39
was in P.A.D. Districts II and III, table 6. Reduction of residual oil
output in the past few years has been the result of refiners using
residual oils to obtain higher valued fractions from cracking and
reforming processes.
Storage facilities called bulk stations and bulk terminals are used
to hold various refined products before distribution to dealers and
consumers. In 1967 the Department of Commerce reported 26,338 petroleum
bulk stations with a total storage capacity of 51.5 million barrels and
2,701 bulk terminals with 404.8 million barrels storage capacity,
table 7. The Bureau of Mines collects data on the bulk terminal storage
of gasolines, naphthas, jet fuel, kerosine, fuel oils, lube oils and
greases, asphalt and miscellaneous finished oils from individual companies.
These data are reported as totals for geographical areas, namely
refinery districts, by each company (see Bureau of Mines reporting
Form 6-1302-M, Bulk Terminal Stocks of Finished Petroleum Products).
These companies number approximately 60. Due to the nature of this
report, bulk terminal inventories of products at a lesser geographic
level are not available. No data are collected by the Bureau of Mines
concerning bulk stations or LP gas stations. State and county storage
information is published by the Department of Commerce; the latest
publication, Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals (BC67-WS6), covers
the year 1967. Location of the bulk terminals is a function of storage
requirements to provide adequate distribution of refined products to
consumers.
-------
l! | <*>
) -H| 00
•
«o| 4-l r-l . i
ON i « I
rH
^
,-4
ft
J-i
w
.a
g
W
O
0! i
£3
4-« i ^~*»
'* W
3 .-H
T3 . CD
Oj H
r-M Jj
o., ca
xi
J3 -0
C
>J «)
v 1 to
vi ^
w O
flJ ,£*
OJH
SO '*«/
if
AJ JTi)
C8 r-4
J 'IfM
r-4 O
"H
AJ rH
CO CU
-.-1 3
Q ~n
(U
1 t
•i-!
W
oo
fljTt
0
•A
OO
v~4
o
o
CM
0
(U
^^
n
o
CO (U
r-l CO C x->^
CU CO "v-t CO
3 J3 CO CU
n-i AJ o a
f^ Jj ^
•U D- 01 4-i
CU «0 X
*-» c
^w-*
i ' ^
i'j t i-« co
bni
sCJ
o
*J
iJ3
.^
f-^
I
'
o
to
•
£^>(
-
»"•-.
w
,-J
yq
•^
H
33 »C«
VP^ iJ
0 X
CU D
a co
05 C
0)
c
JA
ON
r-.
Csl
r*l
•^
ON
r-l
O -H «5
A* O
o »
3d co
fu!
o a
"fl "^
U v-l
CO O
••-1 CO
^
»^
CM
O
ON
'N^
> «s
<' M
i.
a1
f>
E
^
la
!
oo
ro
to
"»
^o
CM
W
! C
i j 0
1 '"-I
AJ
vfl
l U
CO
^
r-l
PQ
CM
ft
CO
^'
O
vO
in
ft
A
rH
O
l/%
cn
«,
m
&A
n
cy*
*^
A
s-H
ir^
rH
f™*
P*>
^~
CA
'fcj'
CN
m
r-
f4
A
r**
r— <
m
r*-
f»%.
c*
"^
o
r-
00
«»
vD
•^
rH
CM
^^
ft
tn
rH
O
f>«.
e\
CM
CO
r-l
Qj
d
cu
AJ
r«
rH
3
PQ
OO
CM
OS
CO
CM
in
o
ft
**
oo
CM
••o
r- i
in
i^
CM
ft
CM
m
00
ft
o
o
ft
o
m
\o
r^
in
M
xt"
m
\D
Os
A
s ON
vO
CM
II
rH
fi
ft
^>
O
ON
rH
(M
rH
^O
r-H
rx»
(Ts
\Q
C^
o\
CM
r^
cu \o
•O ON
<« rH
r4
H -
CO
W t-l
r-l CO
CO C
CD ^-1
-------
40
REFINERY INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Crude oil was produced in 31 States, refined in 39 States, and
consumed in varying amounts in all 50 States. The domestic production
of about 9.2 million barrels of petroleum per day and consumption of
14.1 million barrels of products in the U.S. indicates a tremendous
requirement for energy. The sulfur content present in the refinery
crude oil inputs and selected product outputs is part of the petroleum
environmental problem.
Refinery Inputs
Refinery inputs in 1969 were derived from domestic crude oil
production of about 3,189 million barrels, approximately 183 million
barrels of lease condensate, and crude oil imports of 514 million barrels.
An attempt has been made to exclude condensate from crude oil in
quantifying the domestic production by sulfur levels because generally
condensate contains very little sulfur. Crude oil production of
3,189 million barrels in 1969 was summarized from data currently in the
energy data bank. Sulfur data on 2,538 million barrels of this total,
table 8, are available on a field basis.
Seventy percent of the 1969 U.S. crude oil production came from
the three States of Texas, Louisiana, and California, and 95 percent came
from 11 States, figure 6. Individual county production by sulfur levels
within districts and States is presented in table C-8. Distribution of
the produced crude oil to the various refineries was via pipelines,
railroads, trucks, tankers, and barges. During 1969, 76.6 percent of
refinery receipts of crude oil, domestic and foreign, was delivered by
pipeline; 22.2 percent by tankers and barges; and 1.2 percent by tank cars
58
-------
TABLE 8- - Crude oil production and refinery receipts by P.A.D. District and States in 1969
(Thousand barrels)
District 1:
Florida, Virginia, Georgia
New York
West Virginia
Rhode Island
Total
District II:
Illinois
Michigan ...
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Total
District III:
Alabama
Mississippi
New Mexico
Total
District IV:
Total
District V;
California
Other States
Crude
Production
1.73A.3
1,255.7
4,878.0
3,105.0
10,973.0
50,723.4
7,823.9
87,011.3
13,494.5
12,189.6
12,146.9
22,753.3
10,971.6
215,274.4
158.2
432,547.1
7,685.4
17,159.2
726,968.8
63,413.5
120,060.5
1,107,143.9
2,042,431.3
27,886.1
44,243.1
23,571.4
156,290.6
251,991.2
374,175.1
76,953.7
451,128.8
3,189,071.4
oil
Sulfur
content
for
571.8
1,238.3
2,698.0
3,105.0
7,613.1
45,042.9
3,576.5
44,322.5
2,627.9
8,568.4
8,164.2
21,959.4
7,598.0
163,021.8
149.8
305,031.4
7,058.0
12,614.2
529,006.0
22,376.8
73,584.5
899,262.4
1,543,901.9
20,542.2
40,987.7
22,829.7
149,735.3
234,094.9
370,767.1
76,845.7
447,612.8
2,538,254.1
Receipts of crude oil
Domestic
Intrastate { Total domestic
i
5,489.0
1,575.0
7,064.0
21,025.0
6,812.0
77,849.0
8,464.0
11,640.0
~
16,048.0
5,983.0
114,233.0
262,054.0
1,150.0
16,516.0
361,014.0
12,537.0
14,184.0
766,763.0
1,172,164.0
1,680.0
12,831.0
10,172.0
45,279.0
69,962.0
375.767.0
7,905.0
6,384.0
1,638.0
78,849.0
2,480.0
113,690.0
2,864.0
205,905.0
243,734.0
184,183.0
136.717.0
57,330.0
39,473.0
6,556.0
28,641.0
16,938.0
140,940.0
157,985.0
1,012,497.0
8,083.0
30,312.0
423,942.0
59,593.0
14,305.0
1,018,207.0
1,554,442.0
13,265.0
29,328.0
39,375.0
46,386.0
128,354.0
450,390.0
13,841.0
383,672.0 464,231.0
1.894,916.0 3,365,429.0
Foreign
31,720
15,770
94,566
25,965
100,986
269,007
210
12,547
49,476
25,859
148
88,240
711
10,836
1,099
12,646
57,584
86,375
143,959
513,852
59
-------
.±zS:... t
~" ~~~
-------
41
and trucks. Of the total, refinery receipts of domestic crude oil pipe-
lines delivered 82.3 percent, tankers and barges 16.3 percent, and tank
cars and trucks 1.4 percent. In the case of foreign crude receipts, pipe-
lines accounted for 38.8 percent (all from Canada) while the rest was
delivered by tankers.
During 1969 intrastate refinery receipts, domestic crude oil
produced and refined within the same State, was 1,895 million barrels and
1,471 million barrels went to refineries outside the State in which it
was produced, interstate receipts, table 9. Crude oil from P.A.D. Ill,
1,041 million barrels, was shipped to refineries principally in P.A.D.
Districts II, III, and I.
i
It is impossible to designate crude oil production from a specific
field to a particular refinery; therefore, the county production by sulfur
levels is indicative only of the locality of that production. Availability
of crude oil by sulfur levels, table C-8, indicates that 1,743 million
barrels contained less than 0.50 percent sulfur. The distribution of
this quantity of low sulfur crude oil to the various refineries is not
known. Refinery conditions are such that some require total low sulfur,
sweet, crude while others may blend low with high sulfur crude oil to
provide a feedstock with relatively consistent sulfur content. Without
definite knowledge of sulfur content in refinery feedstocks, distribution
of the crude oil by sulfur levels to individual refineries can only be
estimated. Refinery receipts of individual shipments by sulfur content
are not reported; but table 10 shows estimates of sulfur content of
refinery receipts of domestic crude oil by refinery districts and P.A.D.
Districts for 1969. The data in this table were estimated by applying
61
-------
I!
2
o
u
a
I B
tH C
u
W r-f
JS 0
0 *•>
1
1
1 w
§
IM
tt M
0) GU
U
I
rH
4J M
e
•H O
I1
rH
IB M
*J
jl
-
91 rH
Q.Q
•H <
v a*
u
a.
Q *J
d State Intras
re eel
S3
u
CO
Receiving
o o »a u-i *o i
rH tA -^ lA O
i-l
ssllis
f«. rH
^
t 1 t 1 1 1
1 t 1 »A *t O*5
0
CO
CO
5
O
rH
O
•H
CO
r»
l 1 1 l 1 1
O *o -* f^* •* cn
lA rH rH M 00 ^D
M . . 0. O •
M • a o. u •
A CO
O^ -T
<*% 00
o en
i:"
H
M *O
rH
rH U
3S
-------
TABLE 10. - Estimated sulfur content of refinery receipts of domestic
crude
oil by refinery districts and P.A.D. districts, 1969
(Thousand barrels)
Districts
P.A.D. I
Kflcf PnAQt". ......
Appl #1
Tntal
P.A.D. II
Annl #?
Ind.-Ill
Okla.-Kans
P.A.D. Ill
Texas Gulf. ......
Ark. -La. Inland..
N. Mexico
Total
P.A.D IV
P.A.D V
u.s
Percent sulfur content
0.00-0.50
143,854
20,169
164,023
18,824
465,959
15,417
219,080
719,280
95,209
633,891
376,880
66,627
14,245
1,186,852
57,070
272,882
2,400,107
71.3
0.50-1.00
12,312
1,842
14,154
2,879
67,090
4,717
70,965
145,651
10,126
63,831
24,272
8,786
25
107,040
19,574
80,129
366,548
10.9
1.01-2.00
12,247
953
13,200
558
62,837
856
19,861
84,112
22,790
115,543
7,227
9,873
23
155,456
21,407
73,164
347,339
10.3
More than
14,433
95
14,528
1,467
46,046
2,504
13,437
63,454
13,644
63,173
13,798
14,467
12
105,094
30,303
38,056
251,435
7.5
Total
2.00
182,846
23,059
205,905
23,728
641,932
23,494
323,343
1,012,497
141,769
876,438
422,177
99,753
14,305
1,554,442
128,354
464,231
3,365,429
100.0
Note: l)ata estimated by applying percentage distribution of sulfur contained
in dpmestic crude oils (devised from table 3) to refinery receipts.
83
-------
42
the percentage distribution of sulfur contained in domestic crudes as
shown in table 3 to the data on refinery receipts of crude by State of
origin.
The average wellhead value of crude oil in 1969 for 26 of the oil
producing States is tabulated in table 11. The average value ranged
from a low of $2.29 per barrel in South Dakota to a high of $4.52 in
New York and Pennsylvania with the average for the United States of
$3.09. Price of crude oil in Texas ranged from $3.14 in West Texas to
a high of $3.42 for Gulf Coast crude, table 12.
Refinery Output
Of the multitude of products manufactured by refineries, this study
is concerned with only four; these are residual and No. 4 fuel oils,
other distillates, and naphtha. Of these four, emphasis was placed upon
residual and No. 4 distillate fuel oil in determining the quantity
produced and the sulfur content. Standards normally specify less than
0.5 percent sulfur in distillate fuel oils except No. 4 fuel oil;
therefore, sulfur data was requested for only No. 4 distillate fuel oil.
Beginning in December 1970, supplements were sent with the monthly
refinery reports to refinery companies requesting the quantity and sulfur
content of residual and No. 4 fuel oil shipments and stocks. These data
were subsequently entered in the data bank as each month was received,
and the four months of December 1970, January, February, and March 1971
constitute the sulfur information available for refinery output of
residual and No. 4 fuel oils. No sulfur data for P.A.D. District V was
CM
reported for December 1970. VJ l?
-------
TABLE 11. - Average wellhead value of crude oil for 1969
P.A.D. Districts and States $/Barrel
District I
New York 4.52
Pennsylvania , 4.52
West Virginia 3.83
District II
Illinois 3.18
Indiana 3.19
Kansas 3.20
Kentucky 3.11
Michigan 3.07
Nebraska 2.98
North Dakota 2.80
South Dakota 2.29
Ohio 3.29
Oklahoma 3.12
District III
Alabama 2.70
Arkansas 2.83
Louisiana 3.30
Mississippi 2.92
New Mexico 3.13
Texas 3.21
District IV
Colorado 3.12
Montana 2.69
Utah 2.80
Wyoming 2.80
District V
Alaska " ' G ^ 2 *90
Arizona "" 2.90
California 2.45
Total United States 3.09
-------
TABLE 12. - District average wellhead value of crude oil for 1969
States $/Barrel
Louisiana:
Gulf Coast 3.31
Northern 3.22
New Mexico:
Southeastern 3.15
Northwestern 2.86
Texas:
Gulf Coast 3.42
East Texas Field , 3.24
West Texas ' ' rr 3.1k
Panhandle DO 3.17
Rest of State 3.17
-------
43
Other data pertinent to refineries entered in the data bank consisted
of refinery reports in 1970 and refinery capacity data. One month from
each quarter of 1970, March, June, September, and December, was selected
and the individual refinery data was entered in the computer system. Also,
capacity information as of December 31, 1969, for each refinery was made
part of the system. Programs developed by the Bureau of Mines compiled the
data in various ways for inclusion in this report.
Shipments of residual fuel oil from refineries during the first
quarter of 1971 amounted to 89,578,000 barrels, table C-2. Of this
quantity 35,205,000 contained less than one percent sulfur and refineries
in P.A.D. District I shipped only 3,806,000 barrels. P.A.D. District V
was the largest producer of residual fuel oil with over 10 million barrels
each month. P.A.D. Districts III and V each produced about the same
quantity of residual fuel oil containing less than 1 percent sulfur during
the quarter; their combined total was 23.2 million barrels. Of the total
residual fuel oil shipped during the quarter, 54.4 million barrels, 61
percent, contained over one percent sulfur. Obviously, to utilize this
residual fuel oil in areas requiring less than one percent sulfur would
necessitate sulfur removal or blending with lower sulfur fuel oils to
form an acceptable fuel.
Stocks of residual fuel oil held at refineries, table C-3, was about
26 million barrels each month during the first quarter of 1971. The
quantity containing less than one percent sulfur, about 9 million barrels
each month, represented about 35 percent of the total stocks. Relation-
ship of shipments to stocks of residual fuel oil in the respective areas
6?
was approximately the same.
-------
44
>,, i\ distillate fuel oil was manufactured by very few refineries;
.',-, )\-ff distillate is normally the product of blending at terminals.
i > ' 1(» first quarter of 1971, shipments from refineries were 3,829,000
'• . «• in rm' 2.^51,000 barrels contained less than 0.5 percent sulfur,
t \M" C 4. Our ing 1969, imports of No. 4 fuel oil were 27,392,000 barrels,
;•:>,O')0 barrels each month during the quarter. Average quantity containing
' '-^ than one percent sulfur was 1,248,000 barrels for each month and
>"•'•*, nou berrels were in the 0 to 0.5 percent category.
Kifiunry production of distillate fuel oils (including No. 4 fuel oil)
' 5 ^;f>d from 847 million barrels in 1969 to 896 million barrels in 1970.
• >»•••,*•, (>,i! f Coast refinery district was the largest producing area of all
•J "iUUrte f-iel oils with 229 million barrels, table 13. Storage of
' ''!,ite funl oil each month at bulk terminal facilities, indicates that
:\ is ;s petcaut was stored on the east coast. Therefore, P.A.D. District I
• -,_ -'Mi TH')cb of r.lte distillate fuel oil produced in the other P.A.D.
• T?tlr Demand by use of distillates (including No. 4) and residual
1 >' '-. Ln '•?.;•.il.ated in table 14. Over 50 percent of the distillate was
1 " - h'iai I ig oils while the largest use of residual fuel oil was in
' i! 'ifi.Uty power plants. The nine year history, 1961-69, of demand by
. «. ' eating oils, table 16, shows N). 2 distillate and No. 6 residual fuel
•sU.r: UPVQ in the greatest demand.
-------
TABLE 13. - Annual refinery distillate fuel production in the
United States by refining and P.A.D. districts
(Thousand barrels)
1968
1969
1970
By refining district:
P.A.D. I
East Coast 120,821 124,465 127,280
Appalachian No. 1 11,759 12,342 12,938
P.A.D. II
Appalachian No. 2 4,528 5,129 5,523
Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, etc.. 135,746 135,896 152,920
Minnesota, Wisconsin, etc 16,780 17,687 18,630
Oklahoma, Kansas, etc 76,681 78,224 77,962
P.A.D. Ill
Texas Inland 22,840 24,365 25,787
Texas Gulf Coast 229,489 213,560 228,836
Louisiana Gulf Coast 102,053 108,334 120,587
Arkansas, Louisiana Inland, etc... 12,258 12,807 14,239
New Mexico 2,351 2,646 2,897
P.A.D. IV
Rocky Mountain 32,138 34,318 34,587
P.A.D. V
West Coast 71,929 77,090 73,470
Total 839,373 846,863 895,656
-------
NO
ON
0)
CO
3
•a
c
-a
u
•H
4J
CO
o
cu
co
•a
•H
to
0)
•o
a
CO
cu
4J
«t
4J
CO
•rl
O
I
«
(0
VJ
(0
XI
cfl
rH T3 S
<1> 0) 43
CO to 60
O 3 -H
a) ca
4J 0)
•H to
rH 3
to
60
60 C -
rH {3 -rl
0) -rl -O
CO M 3
CO 0) rH ,
CU AS O
> c a
ca
V
o
>-(
r4 4J (0
4J iH W
O rH C
CU -H 0>
rH U rH
cu 3 a
*"O O ^J
C -H cs r^ rH r
•* •* *i ft •* * f
O O\ NO NO CO rH
O 0
*« #»
i-ltNOOO\00
mo«*»a-vOHinoin
rHrHrHOOvOvOOOinrH
OOCOONON
ON 00 vO 00
CM
OOO>OOC, OOOOifO
rH rH r-f rH rH
cofocoroco
vOOOOvOvC
OrHrHmO
CSVTONfOO
to
4J
§
rH
CX
CU
I
to
M
60
n)
4J
CD
-a
0}
0)
ca o>
4J 3
C cr
td 9>
rH CO
co
o o
CLU-I
>. 0)
4J a>
•H O
rH .fl
•H 4J
4-1
3 tl
c
U (4
•H
rH tO
A cu
3 M
CX 3
60
O -H
4j a)
u co
U U
W H
CT>
VO
vO ^O vO vO vo vO
Q^ ON ON ON ON ON
NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
ONONONONONONCNONON
rHl-irHrHrHrHrHrHrH
-------
o\
I
l-l
vO
0)
to
(U
•o
u
•H
4J
(0
0)
•o
to
I-t
0)
cd w c
•u CD ctj
H 3 ^
> e
u
c
3 -H 4J
cs)
O OO
tJ
-w_
M
O
B
CO
-------
Table 15 —C&IL-R <,! DJstlllotc-lyp, H'jeting Oils in the United States,
by P.A.D. District and SWU-: 1969 and 1968
(Thousand barrels)
Inf.Uo.ct 1;
FJoridi
Mar/1 -i1" i
iVw York
Rno'oV IsinrH
West Virginia
Total 1969
Tutal 19C&
Ui strict 2:
Iowa
Nebraska
Ohio . .
Wisconsin
Total 1969
Total 1906
Dit.tri.ct 3;
New M'^yi -o
Total 1969
Total 1968
District k:
Utah ...
Wyoming
Total 1969
Total 196ft
District 5:
Alaska
California
Hawai i ,
Nevada
Washington
Total 1969
Total 1968 . ... .
Unlt-H Stwt"- t<-^"l, 1 J '">
Heating Oils
1969
N->. 1 .
Autosmtic
-JMBUTXS
219
?'o
74
101
i'fj
2(>X
23«
961
170
3B4
2,045
723
£00
37
266
1^4
52 r
l|
1,W
rbiil
2,316
i , rsr
1,453
106
251
4,9.4.3
2,380
537
2£5
730
1,427
99
632
".9
2,4i7
19., 392
^^^.suiiuL,
18
28
32
26
8
413
J?5
513.
355
876
89
92
H
1,1*26
1,797
»»8
62
293
19
95
1,958
3,38r
6,662
6i3y?_.
. 3J.- &* -
J»,3i>
Otlwr
ti' i. tin;'.
l!.l
U'B
^400
560
111
636
5T
337
161
1W
6814
568
252
105
266
67
255
2
I>j202
.5«G!3
695
1,022
1*87
18
67
1,869
983
1438
107
133
185
91
12U
65
958
[,21.2
e,p83__
8
lit
19
30
30
2l40
3l4l
312
257
689
561*
361*
37
1.911
1,615
_
114,356 _
1S.B83
No. 2
16,896
a, 893
2,090
3,178
1,919
6,009
11,775
49,461
6,637
'10,361
Y9,ii'i9
10,61't
37,932
7,068
3,76l
l*,6l*i*
10,261
593
?9'fj^39
?91J59
19,1*29
lit, 068
5,201*
609
1,333
19,3'tT
10,91!*
14,93.8
I,5f8
2,663
13,393
529
I,1* 77
1,801
15,883
H-Jiiy-
i1^6!!^
301
3Ub
606
671
J87
3,0l»0
i.iii
3/50
617
1,708
51*1*
667
670
l*,206
5.61*6
1,660
115
9VT
109
376
l*,827
8,312
16,31*6
.)<>2&=
iii.iS=
l'jr',60?
So. 1*
1,525
10
165
78
208
182
2,183
45
7,823
10,360
53
1,725
100
100
83
25'4
6
2j4_,_i
_.23jJii6_
952
250
16
11
32
301
154
222
14
239
542
2,733
2.367
3
3
6
3
32
1
36
50
-
=JL2i=
25,879
Total
38,781
3,ar4
2,729
3,917
2,119
9,115
12,252
52,942
7,035
'<&, T23
92,538
11,956
'10,709
7.310
4,393
4,948
11,297
6o>
=UJu2i=
23,392
17,067
7,160
744
1,683
26,460
14,431
6,115
1,970
3,540
15,249
719
2,233
1,915
19,840
?.4p^538
327
388
657
727
225
1,696
4,020
1,229
3,276
1,197
1,155
722
7,579
2,506
177
1,240
128
471
6,785
31,693
23,008
.JiMl^
"
1968
Total
18,253
3,190
2,&'>3
4, 4 V,
2,330
8,539
12,603
50,925
6.&ti
47,763
9l,3J-3
12,02-2
40,502
6,57?
4,275
4,506
12,215
637
=£&§&=
23,407
17,349
6,015
909
1,664
26,578
15,036
6,523
2,207
3,777
15,573
663
2,642
2,008
20,859
=iSiSa==
383
256
332
260
175
1,055
2,481
1,080
5,476
1,045
928
579
9,108
2,461
156
1,111
97
463
6,690
11,260
=J?^23!U,
520,6-0
71
-------
Table 16.—Sales of Residual-Type Heating Oils in the United States,
by P.A.D. District and State: 1969 and 1968
(Thousand barrels)
P.A.D. District
and State
Heating oils
No. 5
1969
1968
No. 6
1969
1968
Total
1969
1968
District 1:
Connecticut
Delaware
District" of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Sew Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Total
District 2:
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Oh i o
Oklahoma
South Dakota
Tennessee
Wisconsin
Total
District 3:
Alabama
Arkansas
Louisiana ,,
Mississippi
New Mexi co
Texas
Total
District 4:
Colorado
Idaho
Montana ,
Ut ah
Hyoming ..,
Total
District 5:
Alaska
Arizona
California
H awa i i ,
Nevada
Oregon ..
Washington
Total
United States, total ..
34
195
50i
100
1,542
385
1,301
7,544
382
1,170
1,994
579
4,941
420
247
18
430
170
21,957
7,526
524
142
10
6
422
593
1,004
62
10
101
2
33
10
679
11,124
74
50
2
73
199
223
62
200
389
215
1,089
3
19
942
110
27
2,060
2.327
19 P/>7
227
135
762
51
597
141
1,383
7,498
120
1,102
2,7)8
552
5,635
325
220
39
653
113
4,706
228
7,161
400
806
1,582
3,817
22,129
635
11,659
57,533
503
6,447
1,367
58
123
1,304
21
3,630
181
6,841
745
529
1,177
3,134
24,277
322
11,912
57,524
432
6,294
1,204
147
81
1,893
47
4,740
423
7,666
500
2,348
1,967
5,118
29,673
1,017
12,829
59,527
1,082
11,388
1,787
305
141
1,734
191
22.271
120.479
120,370
142.436
6,896
329
154
33
4
365
119
1,367
84
4
124
3
25
430
7,138
1,786
61
16
97
833
421
640
73
10
328
5
26
324
6,910
1,355
66
46
17
480
78
670
124
2
249
10
15
350
14,664
2,310
203
26
103
1,255
1,014
1,644
135
20
429
7
59
10
' 1.003
9.937
11.. 758
10,372
22,882
74
4
65
6
50
503
114
74
6
100
2
576
143
559
114
758
215
31
284
277
100
223
103
26
373
295
112
47
135
288
203
446
165
226
762
510
907
1,020
785
2.109
19
938
101
30
1,868
2.292
19
16
1,495
159
24
1,340
1.369
13
16
1,490
148
29
1,135
U348
22
35
2,437
269
51
3,400
3.696
5i 24B
4,422
_4,179
9,910
38,506
138.238
3,857
316
7,603
796
1,126
1,318
4,517
31,775
442
13,014
60,242
984
11,929
1,529
367
120
2,546
160
142,641
13,806
1,684
220
79
21
845
197
2,037
208
6
373
10
18
25
780
20,309
74
4
179
257
327
78
419
565
303
1,692
13
35
2,428
249
59
3,003
3.640
9,427
135.820
178.095
174.326
72
-------
45
Supply and demand for distillate and residual fuel oils are shown
in tables 17 and 18. Historically, increases in demand for distillate
fuel oils have come primarily from domestic production, but generally
domestic production of residual fuel oil has declined. To meet increasing
demand for residual fuel oil, imports have increased over 100 percent in
the last decade. In 1970, domestic demand for distillate fuel oil was
927 million barrels, and for residual fuel oil, 804 million barrels.
Fuel oil prices for selected cities remained constant in some
localities but increased in others from 1969, table 19, to 1970,
table 20. Average price for large quantity shipments of No. 2 fuel oil
for 52 cities was 16.9 cents per gallon in 1970 compared to 16.4 cents
in 1969. Prices of Nos. 4, 5, and 6 fuel oils were higher in 1970,
table 20, and the no sulfur guarantee price increased an average
of $.59 per barrel for No. 5 and $.63 for No. 6 fuel oil.
In 1969 the U.S. average retail price for No. 2 fuel oil was 17.80
cents per gallon and $7.48 per barrel according to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. In 1970 the average price increased to 18.48 cents per
gallon and $7.76 per barrel; these prices include applicable taxes.
" 73
-------
o
vO
ON
0
•o
•o
5
O
3
CO
0
0
cd
rH
CO
•rl
Q
H
a
CO
rH
4)
M
M
CO
.0
W
W
O
•H 13
•U C
co cd
4) S
3 0
O -O
Q
4) CO
00 i,!
ecu
CO iH O
CJ CO
0) 4-1 T3
^i O O
O iH
O T3 h
*J fl 0
co 0 a
o
H
co
M
O
fr
0 .
CO rH
3 yp
U
0 0
3 TH
M -O
U
O
U
O
M
CM
(0
0
vO
-------
TABLE 18o - Regidiual fuel oil supply and demand, 1961-1970
(Thousand barrels)
Year
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
Production
315,577
295,679
275,910
266,825
268,56?
263,961
275,956
275,814
265,906
257,510
C ru o e
u.sed
directly
38854
3, 79'7
3,305
3,?2C
3 s 950
3;,551
3,671
4,272
4,334
4S317
Imports
243S268
264,314
272S753
295,771
345,187
376,795
395,939
409S928
461,611
557,845
Stocks
end of
period
44,869
499996
47 , 538
40,403
56,214
61,196
65 , 597
67,359
58,395
53,994
Change
in
stocks
1
+ 5,127
- 2,237
- 7,135
+15,811
+ 4,982
+ 1,741
+ 1,762
- 6,964
- 4,401
Domestic
demand
548,678
545,813
538,924
554,581
587 , Oil
626*430
651,885
668S239
7219924
804,287
Exports
14S022
12,850
15,281
18,870
14,882
12 , 895
21,940
20S013
16,891
19,786
1970
Jan,
Feb.,
Mar.
Apr,
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept,
Oct.
Nov.
Dec „
259963
23,947
23,639
19,829
17,676
17,020
17,688
209670
19,868
20,044
22,230
28,936
378
333
479
355
442
341
372
375
292
315
344
291
553998
56S529
58 , 488
47 , 304
36,825
43,581
44,686
41,659
39S119
42,927
41,777
48,952
49 , 544
46,068
40,320
42,791
44,664
46,036
47,886
48,141
53S954
57,130
58S823
,53,994.,
- 8,851
- 3,476
- 5,748
+ 2,471
+ 1,873
+ 1,372
+ 1,850
+ 255
+ 5,813
+ 3,176
4- 1,693
,.- 4,829
89,716
82,169
87,251
63,642
51,276
58S221
59,166
61,226
50,654
58,864
61,706
80,396
1,474
2,116
1,103
1,375
1,794
1,349
1,730
1,223
2,812
1,246
952
2,612
Total
257,510
557s845
4,401
804,287
19,786
-------
vO
=S=
ft
O
0
3
XI
in
1-1
*
00
m
•
t^
CO
u
11
rH
«
e
vO
O^
^J
r"1
w
0
•H
4J
•H
(J
•o
0
4J
u
0
ft
0
(0
o
«W
a
0
o
•H
M
0
i-(
•H
O
r-l
tn
I
0
1 1
+rf
1
rH
•H
O
rH
0
3
(H
rH
3
•o
•H
CO
4U
PU
T~1 •^
O iH
vO 3
% rH (0
r* 5
fa S5
•
fH C/5
•H •
O X
5>fe »~H A
0
3 8<
M
rH 3
*H ^M
O rH
in 3
•«= rH tfl
0
3 0
ta Z
rH
•H
O
sf
*fe rH
0
3
^Hl
c
1 O
M
^ «9
o» **
^ &
H §
rJ H
rH
rH
•H
+J
CO
, -J
*rt
p
rH
•H
O
CM
"Ss rH
0
fa
0
0
it
+j
a
^4
a
o
•
rH
Xt
rH
XI
*»»
0
jj
i«
(4
3
0
»
rH
XI
XI
•
rH
Xt
XI
-s.
•
rH
X)
X)
•
•
rH
(0
60
co
en
CM
CM m
CO
•
r^
o
r-l
•
CO
O
oo
*
CO
VO
CM
CD
vO
-------
O X
01
Cu
•
rH
&
•CO-
rH m
^J CM
-^ , cr\
1
i
rH ; o
•° vO
^ CO
<0-
•
i-H *3 O O *»^ CN rH rH "^ 00 If) ^3 vO C*J fH *^
,0 rfCOrHiHr^oorovocofor^csjcoov
•
rH oco^oo'^'l^rHONmorHesJ^d>a%
-^f .-(^^^^.-(^j-trHrHrHrHrHrHrH
^>^^dCQ»* •CO"
Q fH5E!|-**Ji*Jf
-ocoocowcue>-H 3 n) eg
O 4J td CO 05 tO Hi ^H 0
}«l 3 *O OOCC^Wj30Cd rH 0 |%
cSaM^^.Sjj.Sj^asaz
fO CO rH rH CN
co oo CM r-» co
CM CM CM rH CM
r-
r—
i.
. v
co o in o
00 00 00 CM
• * • •
CM CM CM CO
OO O CO
rH CM CM rH in
CM rH 00 00 CM CO 00
VO r- VO VO VO P^ xO
o\ a\ . r>-
m o* co
r^ vo r^
rH rH rH
• ,fi
. 60 «
* v* 'd
x 3 a
•H JD aj
C! CO rH
0) 4J 4J
Q 4J fa
tS £ e2
-------
*T3
0)
3
C
•H
4J
£j
O
O
1
1
VO
C7»
rH
*
CO
CU
•H
4J
•H
O
*0
cu
4J
U
cu
rH
Q>
CO
14
O
<44
CO
cu
U
•ft
a
rH
•H
O
rH
CU
3
Cu
!
•
CT*
r-l
W
FQ
H
"•x^
CM]
Ob
rH
cd
a
•H
B
V
4J
1
CO
rH
•H
o
rH
CU
3
rH
CO
3
TJ
•H
CO
CU
pi
*«x»
""ti
o
00
at
[J
*M
C
CO
1
fll
W
4J
cd
tH
t .
ij
CO
— ^
t-H
rH CO
•H •
0 X
vO cd
=3= rH S
CU
3 6s?
[u rH
M CU
i-!3(U
T-4 <4-l 4J
0 rH C
vO 3 CO
=fe rH CO >-l
CU CO
303
f* 53 O
«
rH CO
*r4 '
O X
=«= rH S
CU
3 ihS
PM rH
n cu
rH 3 CO
•H <4-l 4->
O rH C
m 3 at
=*te rH CO I-l
cu at
303
ta 53 cj
rH
,1
•n
o
=tfe rH
(U
D
iH
•H
o
CM
!>fc 1—\
0)
•
iH
tQ
•*x^,
•
rH rO *H
,Q ^t ro
^3
^ CM
•
T— (
r)
pQ
-^^
*
rH OOOOO-3-U".vOrHr-4COvOm
,A rH ^O 00 rH \O CO O *A CO rH lO 00
•ii r^vovor^vjDvor^vor^vor1*^
•
rH ON ON CM ON 00 CO 00 lO ^ VO O CO
tofl v0 to V0 v^ lO ^^ V0 iO f*^ ^* OO ^o
O-
• rH > • O CO • • CO •> •
CU O • -H . 4-1 rH 0)C
CJU -COCUO -MrH rHO
C Tj-H.iSC'OaJ rH4J
O M C2 C3 cQ tQ Q| P^ FTI CQ oQ
TJOOOtJVJrHCU (ii C
•HrHgiJ fe 4J > X Cfl iH
> js jz 4J 4J cu 3 co C j:
OCUU -rHdCdMOrH-HCO
M3-r<-UCOCO«^:-H3>(e
•
^^
rH
•H
cd
Q
rH
•H
O
1
co
CU
X
cd
H
1
X
0)
A
CO
0)
•rl
0)
>
•rl
rH
a)
^*
4J
•H
4J
C
3
er
S
Q
•^
x
a)
53
1
C
rH 0
O 60
r- 3
^
C
01
H
r^ 4J
vO 3
O
M
fX,
VI
w*
TJ
e
CO
M
cd a)
4-1 CO
JS
cJ
«H **..
^
X
at
I
X
0)
i
co
0)
00
CO
cu
>
CO
^
rH
•H
at
0
0
MH
4J
o
a
i
co
Q>
00
CO
0)
(0
A
•r?
p^
TJ
pj
CO
§
rH
,5*
^4
cd
0)
0)
4-*
M
*w
"^*
s
*<
f\
CO
a>
a
M
^
"X,
•
O>
vO
CJv
rH
•t
C
o
•H
4-1
•H
s
r^
4J
vO
»^
1
y
CO
C
*y
rH
•H
O
TJ
§
*^>
O
o
•a
§
n
V
U
"*•
M
rH
,
• j
^^
O
OJ
4J
4J
<0
rH
04
p4cocococococoH
-------
o
ON
i
i~i
*
CO
co
VI
o
(0
0)
o
TJ
a
rH
iH
o
rH
5 r*l
0)
3
rH
•rl
O
vO
=fts rH
-
•
rH
o
43
•
•
rH
o
43
•a>
rH
^f)
^0
*S»^
r-<
f^
43
^ CO CO
rH rH ON LO fsl Ot ON CN| C^ m O^ C*J C*4 CN| CsJ ON rH CO Ol -^ C*4
^^ co ^3 oo \f\ i^) uo ^o ^/^ to co in in in c^ co c? ON in rH c^
•^ri ^ri ^£ *£ ^i ^ti
>7* *5* ^ b^ *7 7
*«^ r^-t (^1 r«-4 ^ |tf-*
r^ 4->O • Cd C CO *h • C * ' ^ *
^ a) nj o ^p^oObO*o -wtOAJCOCnJ^ • o • -H -u o c
r>» ^ AJ fi M (4 C« C *"H r* O O O Ofl 00 {2 rH J^ 0) O4 M O "H 0) ** O
dcrC-HOC-H"HOCOO)rHi-lrH4JCO-H(l)B
(Q |3 CtJ ^J 00 O f"H 5 4^ 44 PJ f^ ^4 |^ 4J C) O ^ Z) rH 0) ^ M (*M 00 CO
rO ^O rH rH 0 ^ *H W CO MH CO Ofl Cd Cd tTj *iH C 0) **H rH t> 0 CQ 4J (4 0
tHtHWrt(flC^vH*HO,3COjSTCTCXiJS*H'HOnj(d(l)CU(U
-------
"C
a
f
*J
rH CO
•rt •
0 X
IT> tfl
If rH ?j
0)
,2^
M 0)
•H 9 01
O rH C
m 9 (0
IS. fH CO rf
QI vd
9 O 9
f^ a o
rH
•H
O
•*
•*• «H4
^p r"^
t2
rH
•H
=S= fH
0)
£
J a»*S
r"1 f^ 11
wa CM r
JO •
*^^ CT| f
•co-
^»,
• ^\l
rH C7N CO \O ^ 00 00
JD 00 CM CO CM 00 m
,0 . . ....
^» CM CM CM Cr. CM CM
•CO-
•
fH
JQ
W
^^
• Ctl
rH 00 -ff CM
JO fH O *O
^n . • •
^*»» CO ^^ '^
•CO- fH
•
rH CM M
& O 00
-V ^ t*
to-
•
Ss S8
•
rH 0t C? ^^ '"^ ^O C^ lO C) ^^ ^* O^ *9 *^ *
- ""* MMrH^"^ ^^^.^.^,
I I I
•H -H rH ,>s >*M CO • * • tt • « •
rHX'H^'^UVV • «M • O •
0-H»H-HOrHrH * 0rH)0i •
0. * > 0 U PC 41 rH * 9 O 4) « .*
(Q 0 C 00 *H • ^ Du > rH |4
(0 {0 CO d$ (0 rH ^ W jC ^ IB 41 «S O >< !
^'u'uSSii«'3ii'§rHc>a>,>
^ m
• •
1 Csl
m IT* NO *o »H
PS. fO rH rH O\
* * • • •
CM CM «"> « CM
0
CO
V
**^ ^D ^O ^^
• * » •
CO f^ (^ CO
f^ rH O*
vO 9> 00
C*^ f*^ f^%
O 00 CM tfy *G CO CM rH O 00
55
7*71 °i "2 ^ *7 °i ^ n
:° :j Jl.^8,5^
!{?| «J1^I JSfSj
1 *C »H *S ?J O W M O*«U
-------
CO
t)
0)
3
C
iH
4-1
C
o
U
I
o
r-.
ON
to
0)
O
-------
46
DOMESTIC DISTILLATE (NO. 2 GRADE BURNER) FUEL OILS
Table 21 summarizes analyses of some domestically produced distil-
late fuel as reported in the latest annual Bureau of Mines, Mineral
Industry Survey, Burner Fuel Oil Survey.
TABLE 21. - Summary of domestic distillate (grade No. 2 burner
fuel oils
Region
Eastern
Southern
Central
Rocky Mountain
Western
Total
Samples
1969
61
20
43
18
22
164
1970
57
17
35
19
21
149
analyses). 1969 and
Sulfur
Minimum
1969
.03
.05
.05
.02
.02
—
1970
.04
.04
.04
.06
.02
—
1970
Content Weight Percent
Maximum Arithmetic Average
1969
.50
.38
.56
.64
.74
—
1970
.49
.35
.60
I/
.42
—
1969
.228
.174
.273
.281
.240
—
1970
.210
.172
.281
.316
.213
—
17 Burner fuel survey shows 1.50 as a maximum sulfur content;
however, this value does not meet ASTM requirements for this
grade fuel oil. The highest reported sulfur in Rocky Mountain
Region meeting requirements was 0.51 percent.
1969 ASTM maximum sulfur requirement 0.70 weight percent
1970 ASTM maximum sulfur requirement 0.50 weight percent
Individual sample data shown in tables 22 and 23 were obtained
under a cooperative agreement between the American Petroleum Institute
and the Bureau of Mines at the request of the National Oil Fuel Institute,
Inc., and the petroleum industry. The survey was designed to provide
analytical data on the characteristics of burner-fuel sold in 16 market-
ing districts and produced in ^3 regional districts. The regional and
u-i.
-------
ANALYSES OP DOlii'SriC OWE 2 BUHNER FUEL OILS, 1969
Item
Eastern
101
10?
1 03
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
Districts _!/
region: Districts,
B2
B
Bl , A2
B3, A3
B,'A
B, A
B, A
B, A, C
B, A, C
B, A5 C
Bl, Al, D3
Bl, Al, D4
B, A, I)
B, A. D
B, A, D
B, A, D
Bl, Al, E35 D4
Bl, 03
B, C
B, C, A
B, C, A
B, C, A
Bl, C2, D3, A4
Bl, C2, D3, A4
B, C, E, A
B, n
01 ,
02 '
C2
C,7
Gravity
ASTM
D287,
°APT
A3 B, and C
32.3
35.3
31.0
35.2
32.6
33.2
34.6
32.5
35.9
36.4
31.5
32.2
31.3
33.0
31.6
34.7
31.9
32.0
35.8
34.3
37.1
33.8
33.0
36.0
34.2
35.1
0") 34.7
J0 35.3
42.1
34.1
Sulf-ur
Coiiten; ,
ASTM
D129,
wt %
0.12
.26
.20
.50
,22
.38
.48
.27
.35
.13
.28
.20
.15
.06
.13
.14
.21
.21
.20
.35
.03
.08
.20
.21
.182
.10
.16
.23
.189
.40
21
-------
TAiP K
A.','ALvc;'.r: or roH'-;spr;c '
CONT.INUED
r; 2 P,UR;\T;K FUEL OILS, 1969
Tix-n
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
161
162
163
164
165
Av.-r;._ .
Mi pir^iii
Max ii iuni
Dif-i r.ic<;c !_/
C3
C3
C3
G3
C
C
C
c
c
C, B. A, D "J
C, F 1.
C, E
C, E
C, E
C, E
c, i:
C, E
C, E
C, E, A
C, E, A
c^JL,_]L> c ]-
D5 A, B, C, E
D, A, B, C, E
Dl, Bl, C3
D3, B3, C3
D, B, J, G
El, C3
E, C
E, C, G 1
E, C, G, F
i;, F; r, c
(yl .- ! -j-A^!.)^
Grrvi ty
ASH*i
0287,
°/PI
37.2
43.8
42.7
. 42.8
43.2
32.9
35.0
32.8
31.7
30.2
34 . 1
35.8
36.0
35.7
39.3
34.1
3/ 23.3
3/ 21.9
34.8
37.6
34.3
38.6
35.7
35.5
34.8
34.4
34.2
34.3
34.8
32.5
35.9
-" 'r * U
"2*1.9
43.8
Sulfur
Conl-ent, 2/
AfJTi-j
D129,
V7fc 7<
.28
.12
.06
.11
.06
.41
.20
.22
. 34
.25
.39
.08
.19
.343
.12
.12
.49
.43
.13
.14
.44
.09
.14
.22
.11
.16
.49
.22
.48
.28
.19
./T'8
.03
.50
-------
TAT',].!•'._?..', . GOOTINUKD
I'Vi-J, OILS, 1969
] ('cm
Soul .it vi
152
153
154
155
156
1 57
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
123
124
126
140
177
179
183
Average
Minimum
Maximum
Central
158
159
160
161
K". 2
Dii-'.. -i^L., I/
i region; District I)
D, A, B, C, E
D, A, B, C, E
DI, BI , c:>
D35 Ti3. O
D, ]j, .1, C
D, E, Cl 1 '
El , A1 , 1>3
Bl, Al, 1)4
B, A, D
B, A, D
r>, A, D
13, A, D
M, Al, F.3, ]:':
Bl, C2, D3, /^
Bl, C2} D3, A4
B, D
C, B, A, D 1
G, D 3
G, E, F, D
G2, 1-2, E2, 13, D4
(20 ramp] os)
region: Districts E,
El
f - CF:
El, C3
E, C
Gi'."\ !.ty
AL.Tf'j
1)28 /,
°A?1
38 . 6
35.7
35.5
3/1.8
34.4
40.1
31.5
32.2
31.3
33.0
31.6
34.7
31.9
33.0
36.0
35.1
30.2
4] .4
35.1
37.1
34.7
30.2
41.4
F, and G
35.5
34.5
35o6
34 . 2
34.3
oUlJ ur
Oontont- , 2/
AS Til
Dl2y,
v?t. %
0.09
.14
.22
.11
.16
.38
.28
.20
.15
.06
.13
.14
.21
.20
.21
.10
.25
.05
.13
.26
.174
.05
.38
0.10
.35
.33
.49
.22.
-------
CM' DOi-h'S'l 1C r'KA'jE 2 miKNJ'R FUEL OILS, 1969
Item
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
117
125
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
Districts _!
E, C, G 1
E, C, G, F
E, F, G, G
E?., G2
J'2, G2
E, G
EJ , G3, F3
E, G5 F
F!
F, E
Gl
G2
G2
C
C, D 3
G, E, F
G, E, F, D
G, F 3
G3, F3, E3
G, F, E
__G2^ F2i_K2,
Bl, Al, E3,
B, C, E, A
C, E 1
C, E
C, E
C, E
C, E
C, E
C, E
C, E
Gravity
/ AST'M
D287,
°API
34.8
32.5
35.9
34.0
32.9
34.9
34.7
33.7
36.6
35.1
36.1
34 . 6
34.2
34.0
41.4
34.1
35.1
35.9
39.7
34.1
13, D4 37.1
D4 31.9
34.2
34.1
35.8
36.0
35.7
CG 39.3
34.1
3/ 23.3
3/ 21.9
Sul fur
Content, 2/
ASTM
D129,
wt 7,
.48
.28
.19
.36
.38
.38
.56
.27
.290
.24
.393
.263
.33
.23
.05
.45
.13
.177
.09
.41
.26
.21
.182
.39
.08
.19
.343
.12
.12
.49
.43
-------
TAl'.LE 22 , CONTINUED
A"A!£
Item
149
150
151
152
153
156
157
Avernpc
Minimum
Maxii.iun
Rocky Mi'
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
156
183
205
208
OOLJ2^TiccRAmL2
DJPtriclr, I/
C, E, A
C, E, A
C, E, F, G 1
D, A, B, C, E
D, A, B, C, E
D, B, J, G
D, E, G 1
(A3 f ampler,)
'tmtain region: Distrl
ll'i
H
H4, 14, K4, L4
11, L
H2, L2, K3
12
13
J4
J, N
J, N
K3 3/
K, I
K3, M4, K4
K, M, N
D, B, J, G
G2, F2, E2, 13, D4
L, N, H, K
N3. 14, K4
- —--liiiil^i-L
Gravity
AHTM
D287,
°API
34.8
37.6
34.3
38.6
35.7
34.4
40.1
34.8
21.9
41.4
ets H, I,
41.0
36.2
29.5
37.6
33.8
34.3
34.4
36.5
35.3
34.1
27.5
38.0
31.0
31.7
34.4 •
37.1 "
34.1
33.1
Sulfur
Content 3 2/
AS Til
D129,
wt %
.13
.14
.44
.09
.14
.16
.38
.273
.05
.56
J, and K
0.28
.35
4/ 1.5
.20
.339
.416
.25
.37
.02
.15
.64
.22
.47
.11
.16
G~^'26
.376
.16
-------
TABLE 22 , CONTINURD
ANALY
SES OF DOMESTIC GRADE
2 BURNER
FUEL OILS, 1969
Item
Districts I/
Gravity
ASTM
D287,
°APT
Sulfur
Content, 2j
ASTM
D129,
wt %
Avera>-,o
Mininiu-n
MaxinvjiTi
Western
198
199
200
201'
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
186
187
188
192
193
196
197
Average
Minimum
Max imum
(18 aawpl.es)
region: Districts L,
L2, M3
L, M
L, M
L, M
LI, M, N
L2, M3, P3
L3, K3
L, N, H, K
M, L
N
N3, 14, K4
N4, M4
N, M, L
04
PI
H4, 14, K4, L4
H, L
H2, L2, K3
J, N
J, N
K3, M4, N4
K, M, N
(22 samples)
34.4
27.5
41.0
M, N, .0,
36.0
35.8
32.3
31.4
31.4
33.6
34.8
34.1
32.9
33.1
33.1
33.8
36.4
38.7
40.2
29.5
37.6
33.8
.35.3
34.1 .
^"* *"
31.0
31.7
34.1
29.5
40.2
.281
.02
.64
and P
O.?.l
.47
.2.0
.28
I/ o 74
.13
.03
.376
.02
.05
.16
.25
.39
.43
.02
4/ 1.5
.20
.339
.02
.15
' 28 .„
.11
.240
.02
.74
-------
TAHhK ZZ , CONTINUED
ANALYST, or ^OT^TTC CHADS 2 EISNER FUEL OILS, 1969
Item Districts I/
Gravity
ASTM
D287,
°API
Sulfur
Content 5
ASTM
D129,
wt %
21
Data Source: Adopted from Bureau of Mines, Mineral
Industry Survey, Burner Fuel Oils, 1970
!_/ District letters refer to the areas in which the
fuels are sold (see fig. ). The arrangement of
district letters for tach item indicates in
decreasing order the relative volume of distribution
of the fuel. Numerals following letters indicate
respective volumes: 1 - over 1,500,000 barrels per
year; 2 - 500,000 to 1,500,000 barrels per year;
3 - 50S000 to 500,000 barrels per year; 4 - under
50,000 barrels per year. A horizontal line separates
those which are generally sold in greater volume from
those sold in lesser volume in the region designated.
2_l Some sulfur determinations were made by other than ASTM
D12.9.
3/ Does nut meet the requirements of this grade.
kj Not included in average. 03
-------
TABLE 2.3
ANALYS
ES OF DOMESTIC GRADE
?. BURNER FUEL
OILS, 1970
Item
Eastern
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
. 123
Districts \J
region: Districts A,
Al, Bl
A2, Bl
A3, B3
Al, Bl, D3
B2
B
B, A
B, A
B, A
B, A
Bl, Al, C3
B, A, C
B, A, C
Bl, Al , D2
Bl, A2, D2
B, A, D
Bl, C2
Bl, C3
B, C, A
B, C, A
B, C, A
B3, C3, D3
Bl, C2, D3, A3
Bl, Dl
B, D
Bl, Dl, A2
Cl
ci "9Q
Cl
C2
Gravity
ASTM
D287,
°API
B, and C
30.1
35.3
34.6
32.4
31.7
34.7
34.1
33.6
35.0
32.1
32.5
36.3
35.6
32.2
31.0
32.7
35.3
31.0
37.2
33.3
36.1
34.0
33.4
37.6
34.9
35.2
33.4
32.3
38.6
35.3
Sulfur
Content, 2/
ASTM
D129,
wt %
0.34
.08
.44
,06
.11
.40
.33
.19
.17
.15
.29
.15
.23
.28
.12
.09
.19
.26
.04
.09
.39
.10
.35
.25
.08
.16
.22
.31
.20
.202
-------
TA.B.I.K 23, (X'NTCMUEI)
ANALYSES OF DOMESTIC GRADK 2 BURNER FUEL OILS, 1970
Item
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
150
151
152
Average
Minimum
Max imum
Districts I/
C2
C2
C3
C3
C3
C3
C
C
C
G
C, El
C, E
C, E
C, E
G, E
C, E, A
C, E, A
Cl, El, Fl, Gl
C, E, F, 01
D, A, 3, C, E
D, A, B, C, E
Dl, Bl
Dl, Bl, C3
D, G, B, J
El, C3
E, C
E, C, Gl
(57 samples)
Gravity
ASTM
D287,
°API
43.1
37.0
36.4
44.0
42.5
43.2
42.5
32.5
32.6
34.0
36.6
31.6
38.9
37.5
35.0
38.1
35.1
35.0
37.5
37.3
34.0
35.2 ,
35.0
34.0
Q1 34-°
°- 34.2
35.0
35.3
30.1
44.0
Sulfur
Content, 2_/
ASTM
D129,
wt %
.085
.41
.16
.12
.079
.07
.08
.25
.35
.28
.36
.13
.11
.12
.455
.18
.13
.28
.35
.08
.20
.191
.20
.20
.49
.25
.46
.210
.04
.49
-------
TABLE 23, CONTINUED
ANALYSES OF DOMESTIC GRADE
2 BURNER FUEL
OILS, 1970
Item
Southern
143
144
145
146
147
148
97
107
108
109
115
116
117
118
119
165
167
Average
Minimum
Maximum
Central
• 149
150
151
152
153
Districts I/
region: District D
D, A, B, C, E
D, A, B, C, E
Dl, Bl
Dl, Bl, C3
D, G, B, J
Dl, G2, E2
Al, Bl, D3
Bl, Al, D2
Bl, A2, D2
B, A, D
B3, C3, D3
Bl, C2, D3, A3
Bl, Dl
B, D
Bl, Dl, A2
G, D3
B, E, F, D
(17 samples)
region: Districts E
El
El, C3 '" P
E, C
E, C, Gl
E, F, Gl
Gravity
ASTM
D287,
°API
37 *>3
34.0
35.2
35.0
34.0
39.8
32.4
32.2
31.0
32.7
34.0
33.4
37.6
34.9
35.2
40.9
35.8
35.0
31.0
40.9
, F, and G
34.5
2 34.0
34.2
35.0
35.9
Sulfur
Content, 2/
ASTM
D129,
wt %
0.08
.20
.191
.20
.20
.30
.06
.28
.12
.09
.10
.35
.25
.08
.16
.04
.22
.172
.04
.35
.12
.49
.25
.46
.16
-------
TABLE 23, CONTINUED
ANALYS
ES 07 DOMESTIC GMU1
3 2 BURNER FUEL
OILS, 1970
Item
ISA
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
147
148
Average
Min imum
Max imurn
Districts !_/
E2, G2
E2, G2
E, G
E, G, F
E, G, F
Fl
F, E
Gl
G3
G3
G
G, D3
G, E, F
G, E, F, D
G3, F3, El
G, F, E
G2, F3, E3, 13
C, El
C, E
C, E
C, E
C, E
C, E, A
C, E, A
Cl, El, Fl, Gl
C, E, F, G
D, A, B, C, E
D, A, B, C,,E,
D, G, B, J
Dl, G2, E2
(35 samples)
Gravity
ASTM
D287,
°API
32.0
34.2
35.5
33.0
36.5
36.4
35.3
33.7
33.9
36.0
33.2
40.9
45.1
35.8
34.7
33.8
34.4
36.6
31.6
38.9
37.5
35.0
38.1
35.1
35.0
37.5
37.3
,34.0
3334.0
39.8
35.7
31.6
45.1
Sul fur
Content, 2/
ASTM
D129,
wt 7,
.44
.33
.40
.210
.15
.30
..16
.60
.27
.47
.21
.04
.50
.22
.29
.49
.39
.36
.13
.11
.12
.455
.18
.13
.28
.35
.08
.20
.20
.30
.281
.04
.60
-------
TABLE 23, CONTINUED
ANALYSES OF DOMESTIC GRADE 2 BURNER FUEL OILS, 1970
Sulfur
Gravity Content, 2j
Item Districts I/ ASTM ASTM
D287, D129,
°API wt %
Rocky Mountain region: Districts H, I, J, and K
171 H4 38.6 0.183
172 H 37.0 .254
173 H2, L2, K3 33.3 .418
174 12 35.1 .320
175 13 36.2 .25
176 I 31.7 .25
177 14, K4 3/ 28.8 3/ 1.5
178 I, K 38.5 .23
179 J2 34.6 .11
180 J3, N3 34.5 .09
181 J3, N3 31.7 .15
182 K3 26.2 .51
183 K3, M4, N4 31.0 . .40
184 K, M. N 35.4 .16
147 D, G, B, J 34.0 .20
170 G2, F3, E3, 13 34.4 .39
185 L, H, I, K 35.2 .18
191 L2, M3, P3, K3, D4 33.7 .06
193 L, N, H, K 35.0 .358
Average (19 samples) 33.9 .316
Minimum 26.2 .06
Maximum 38.6 1.5
Western region: Districts L, M, N, 0, and P
185 L, H, I, K 35.2 .18
186 L2, M3 36.2 .12
187 L3, M3 - - r;, 34.2 .40
188 L, M *• 32.2 .23
189 L, M 31.0 .24
-------
TABLE 23, CONTINUED
ANALYSES OF DOMESTIC GRADE 2 BURNER FUEL OILS, 1970
Item Districts I/
Gravity
ASTM
D287,
°API
Sulfur
Content, 2/
ASTM
D129,
wt %
190 Ll, M3, N3 33.1
191 L2, M3, P3, K3, 04 33.7
192 L3, N3 34.5
193 L, N, H, K 35.0
194 N2, L3 33.5
195 N4, M4 33.6
196 N, M, L 36.8
197 N3, M3, P3 34.7
198 N3, 04 33.3
199 04 39.4
200 PI 38.2
.27
.06
.07
.358
.18
.24
.42
.03
.18
.25
.02
173
180
181
183
184
Average
Minimum
Maximum
H2, L2, K3
J3, N3
J3, N3
K3, M4, N4
K, M, N
(21 samples)
33.3
34.5
31.7
31.0
35.4
34.3
31.0
39.4
.418
.09
.15
.40
.16
.213
.02
.42
Data Source: Adopted from Bureau of Mines, Mineral
Industry Survey, Burner Fuel Oils, 1970
JL/ District letters refer to the areas in which the
fuels are sold (see fig. ). The arrangement of
district letters for each item indicates in
decreasing order the relative volume of distribution
of the fuel. Numerals following letters indicate
respective volumes: 1 - over 1,500,000 barrels per
year; 2 - 500,000 to 1,500,000 barrels per year;
3 - 50,000 to 500,000 barrels per year; 4 - under
50,000 barrels per year. A horizontal line separates
those which are generally sold in greater volume from
those sold in lesser volume in the region designated.
2i/ Some sulfur determinations were made by other than ASXM
D129.
3/ Does not meet the requirements of this grade.
Qr;
•>
-------
47
marketing districts, figure 7, were established according to fuel distri-
bution systems, refinery location, center of population, temperature
zones, and arteries of commerce, such as navigable waters.
Each fuel sample was selected by its manufacturer as typical of
their 1969 and 1970 production for specific grades and brands. The
samples were analyzed by the manufacturers in accordance with recommen-
dations of the Subcommittee on Fuel Surveys of the Petroleum Products
Committee of the American Petroleum Institute. Analytical results were
forwarded to the Bureau of Mines for incorporation into the report,
tables 22 and 23.
By agreement with the cooperating agencies, identification of
sample items is confidential. Approximately one-third of the operating
refineries in 1969 and 1970 participated in the survey; 109 and 106 for
the respective years. Unweighted arithmetic averages are used through-
out the surveys.
The overall national downtrend in sulfur content, figure 3, con-
tinued through 1970. Regional variations in the 1969-1970 summary table
are considered of only minor significance in the overall domestic trend
of sulfur content in distillate fuel production. Sample analyses of the
Central and Rocky Mountain Regions indicated higher arithmetic averages
of sulfur content in 1970 than in 1969, and the Eastern, Southern, and
Western Region samples indicated lower sulfur contents in 1970 than in
_
1969.
-------
\ ' =• IJ-J i rr J
' \ ° /'\ f -
L ('* " „,«•*"* ** *«»«»'*
-
o
cu
D
U_
i
w
CD
c.
h_
3
03
•+-
O
>^
CD
>
v-
n
CO
c
_p
^f
CD
in
D
CD
O
O
Q.
D
O
CD
LJ
cr
-------
-------
48
BURNING CRUDE OIL AT POWERPLANTS
The burning of low-sulfur crude oil at electric powerplants could
help alleviate supply-demand deficiencies for low-sulfur residual fuel
oil. However, this action constitutes an inferior use of a premium fuel.
Experience abroad, especially in Japan, has shown that crude oil
can be burned efficiently in existing oil-fired boilers after modifica-
tions. Reportedly, some U.S. East Coast utilities are now converting
plants to burn low-sulfur crude oil, starting in 1971. This fuel will
be burned not only in steam plants, but also in gas turbines. Other
power companies are planning new units that will burn either crude oil
or residual fuel oil. The successful results of burning crude oil in
Japanese powerplants since 1962 has encouraged this trend. In 1971
Japanese utilities will burn over 70 million barrels of crude (nearly
200,000 barrels per day). This amount will represent 24 percent of
utility plant consumption or 10 percent of the total residual fuel oil
consumption.
Conversion of plants from burning residual fuel oil to crude oil
involves safety problems, as most low-sulfur crudes are more volatile
and have lower flash points than residual fuel oil. Conversion equip-
ment involves additional tankage and valves, in some cases these
modifications could involve considerable time.
A large scale shift to burning crude oil in stationary facilities
could result in insufficient quantities of naphtha and gasoline to
meet demand. However, possible market-refinery adjustments in the
United States would probably be minimal because, for the most part,
imported crude oil would be replacing imported residual fuel oil.
— Qh
-------
49
More importantly, the burning of low-sulfur crude oil prior to
refining is an inferior use practice which does not conform to the
principals of conservation. It may be compared to using a high-grade
iron ore as a road aggregate. The potential for using the high-quality
hydrocarbons for the greatest economic gain literally goes up in smoke.
BULK TERMINAL STOCKS
Beginning in December 1970, supplement forms were sent with the
regular monthly bulk terminal reporting form requesting sulfur infor-
mation on the stocks of No. 4 and residual fuel oil only. After receipt
of the monthly data it was incorporated into the computer system.
Sulfur information was reported for No. 4 and residual fuel oils.
Storage of refined products at bulk terminal facilities was tabulated
for distillate, No. 4, and residual fuel oils, special naphthas, and
naphtha-type jet fuel, table 24. Special naphthas are finished products
in the gasoline range, specially refined to specified flash point and
boiling range, for use as paint thinners, cleaners, solvents, etc., but
not to be marketed as motor gasoline, or used as petrochemical feed-
stocks. This category excludes naphtha for use as petrochemical feed-
stocks. Production of naphtha for petrochemical use in 1969 totaled
57.4 million barrels compared to the production of 28.4 million barrels
of special naphthas. The quantity of No. 4 and residual fuel oils
stored each month as summarized by sulfur levels; all the No. 4 fuel
oil was on the East Coast except for a very minor amount in P.A.D.
District II, table C-6. Sulfur data was not reported for P.A.D.
District V in December 1970. The quantity of No. 4 fuel oil at bulk
ICO
-------
I-l
f"-
ON
i— i
u
P
(0
£
S^
w
CO
3
C
rt
"i
1/1
4J
U
3
T3
O
W
a
£
QJ
r-i
O
Qj
J—l
*J
a>
a
"Q
V
£
09
«r4
0|-l
M-l
<-M
O
ffl
.*
0
O
4J
CO
1— 1
CO
C
n
^j
V
4J
,,*!
i— i
3
M
s
-*
CM
w
.4
«
<;
H
«-4
•/i
r— i
E
K
CO >5
c
to
r-l (0
SO j;
«r4 t3
0 £•
•u &,
O-< CO
«« C
4J
U
-^
i-i
•U
CO
•T-l
Q
SK
V
*
\o
8
1
0
t
I
i
1
]
1
8
1
6
r-l
CO
4J
O
4J
*J
CO
cf
o
0
00 4J
l-l CO
efl
a w
04
CM
CM
1— 1
I
ON
00
en
(a
CM
i-l
CM
CM
>*
c
J
0
g
i
8
1
D
0
g
J
fl
r-l
4J
U
°rl
M
4J
m
-r-l
Q
C
CO
r-l
JS
0
CO
r-4
CO
a
a.
>* 00 CM
r-~ r^ o vo
O en ON O
*V (A ^ 01
<-i o\ -^ m
I-H r», o vo
f^ ^t m r-l
i-4 CM
vO 00 O vO
en vo
en
i g 9 g
1880
G B g i
g 11 o i
! 1 o 0
i g ^t i
i g eO i
g i Q o
0 0 I
B fl o I
B • m >
1 0
CM 4J « y
(U ° 4J
4J ^4)
U « Cfl
•rt • Q «
H X <
4J ^ o 0
(o Z 33
1-1 .
£5 o cj e*
r-4 o o
C r-l U CO
VO
r»« r-i
i u t g
O O r-l VO
00 i-l
-^j
T~\
^
O ON 00
CM O
r-4
g g r--
m
r-4
i e g
8 8
8 8
i 8
g g
i i
1 8
t 8
t 1
g g
1 I
i 0
11 t
1 I
e o
i e
8 I
i i
a g
i i
i c
g 45
i cO
0 4J 8
O G 4J
u 3 co
^ Q CO
x 3d o
01 U
33 «• >.
> Jjrf »o 4-1
$ H U > CO
V O 01
SS 0 BA G&
?• 5"
&4 r\4
ON
00
CM
vO
CM
-*
5
en
•H
CM
r-4
ON
f»
M
vO
r^
00
00
r»
CM
CM
cn
r-i
i
g
r-l
CO
4-1
O
H
-------
"O
3
B
"r-4
•U
B
O
0
1
0
r-4
r^
Os
r-H
f-
o
CO
2
&
CO
3
CO
r^
A
CO
4J
U
3
0
a
§
4
CO
U"» 00 00 00 O 0t tO »™ *
r** \o oo oo o\ O"\ ^ o co - « « U U
4J 4J J«I 01 4J
U U A CO CU
1-1 -r4 • ft A
r4 K X •
co ca co SB £ CO
4-1 1-1 -H A U4 J t»
0 Q Q • « A rH 1H
4J r-| . . TJ t 3 -3 CO
B B r-l 0 CO S 1 C3 B 4J
4J CO COMCOB CO «*-! CO O B 4J
COl-l i-l «H CO i— 1 r-l CO r-4 O 3 CO
cox: x: «» « c 3 s B -r4 5 co
OU UCO M O CO M X £ O
r-4 .. r-l C8 • • MCOCQCQMjg »°rS
Mcoa Ha-OGi-l HXX3^? HO >«»
COO. tX B -r4 ,* 01
•4
c
IT
CN
CN
<
c
cs
sj
r>
s»
C"
IT
r>
a
v£
o
«s
<
r-
r—
«
4,
C
-------
•o
0)
3
B
-rl
4-1
B
O
U
r-l
ON
r,|
.•C
1
rl
CO
3
B
0)
j.
CO
o ^~,
3 EA
w
•O r-l
O 01
W ,4
cx v >i
tO Brt
i "° Ss
Q^ *TD pC*
rM 6 «
O cd H
N co EK
•u 3
Cd O
a x:
4-i
TJ v-'J
cu
JS
CO
1-1
B
"H
^M
IM
O
CO
u!
o
u
to
r-l
to
g
«r-4
E
4*
4J
^
i— 1
^
PQ
1
»
^j-
CM
rl
^*
IN
i— i
CO
3
"0
CO
CD
PS
i—<
O
r-l O
i^ S^lt
3
to
.
4J
(0
rH
r— I
"1-1
4J
CO
Q
r-l CO
CD £
3 4-1
a
4j qj
»
4J r*S ° O
co Z 23
o " - -
B r-l U CO
CO H co B
i-l i-l cO
j3 <» js js^
o cd
n) B « «
«« r-l tO ' '
r-l ffl i-l C tfl
H &.TJ B r-l
a B £ x
PL>
0 i-4 ON I 1
~* cn
m CM
1) 0 0 8 1
in r^ cs cn co
ON r^ r-4 VO O
•^ o m m i— i
B B U
B G 4^
B i V
B 1
B 1 »
0 B o
B B fid
B 1 «W nJ
1 B r-l
T3 1 3 *O
B * O B
td M-I cd O
r-l r-4 CO r-l O
B 3 B B °H
M O « M X
-rl OJ
M to co ca •> jg
M td « "H •
M X X 3 .* >
V CU O rl CU
Q H H (4 < Z
Si
« cn
vO
0*
« Jrf •« 4J
H U > ca
0 (U
PU CM
00
«^
00
M
r-4
CM
cn
CM
«
CM
CM
in
ON
A
CM
SO
00
vO
fX
CM
CM
m
A
1-4
rH
td
u
o
H
-------
50
terminals each month during the first quarter of 1971 averaged 2.2
million barrels. Amounts contained in the four sulfur categories were
quite varied from month to month; for example, the percent in the 0 to
0.5 class each month varied from a high in January of 38 percent
(737,000 barrels) to a low of 19 percent (442,000 barrels) in March.
The Middle Atlantic States held the largest quantity with between 74
and 81 percent of the East Coast total each month.
Residual fuel oil held at bulk terminals averaged 23.7 million
barrels each month during the first quarter of 1971. The average
monthly stocks in the 0 to 0.5 percent sulfur category was 2.8 million
barrels, and in the greater than 2.0 percent category was 9.6 million
barrels. Over 60 percent of residual fuel oil each month was on the
East Coast and the major part of this was in the Middle Atlantic area.
It should be noted that in many areas products held at bulk
terminals contain an unknown quantity of imported refined products.
To obtain the quantity of imported refined products held at bulk
terminals would require a separate survey of the terminals. It would
also be necessary to ascertain if companies distinguish foreign
inventories from domestic produced products in these storage facilities.
Those terminals near ports of entry are utilized for storage of imported
products unless the products are held in bond. No distinction is made
between imported and domestic products held at bulk terminal facilities;
therefore, an unknown portion of the reported products are imports.
This makes it impossible to relate domestic shipments of products with
those held at bulk terminal storage facilities. J.t/4
-------
51
COMPARISONS
With only four months of sulfur data for fuel oils and refinery
data restricted to one month from each quarter in 1970, few comparisons
were attempted. All comparisons were confined to using each month with
no projections outside the factual data presented for that month. The
size of refineries based upon distillation throughput of crude oil, fuel
oil shipments and sulfur content of fuel oils were the variables used
in attempting to find meaningful relationships.
The quantity of residual fuel oil shipped from refineries during
the first quarter of 1968 was 76.9 million barrels and 89.5 million
barrels in 1971, table 25.
TABLE 25. - Monthly residual fuel shipments
(Million barrels)
Month
January
February
March
First quarter
total
Total for year
1968
27.7
24.5
24.7
76.9
275.8
1969
27.9
25.1
25.3
78.3
265.9
1970
26.0
23.9
23.6
73.5
257.5
1971
32.2
29.6
27.7
89.5
—
Assuming a constant relationship between sulfur level and quantity
shipped, the 1969 first quarter shipments of 78.3 million barrels should
have had 30.8 million barrels with less than 1 percent sulfur. In 1970,
the 73.5 million barrels shipped during the first quarter should have
had 28.9 million barrels in the same^^tegory. When the quantity by
-------
52
by sulfur levels for residual fuel oil is complete for the year 1971,
analysis of shipments by quantity, area, sulfur level, and previous
years will be possible. Applying the same average percentage, 0.39,
to the total 1970 residual fuel oil shipments of 257.5 million barrels
would indicate 101.2 million barrels with less than 1 percent sulfur.
An attempt was made to ascertain the residual fuel oil output in
relation to the size of refinery, based upon distillation capacity, and
the percent of residual fuel oil shipments in each category, table C-l.
Of the January 1971 residual fuel oil shipments of 32.2 million barrels,
the largest quantity, 27.0 percent, came from 12 refineries in the over
200,000 barrel per calendar day size. It should be noted that this
category with the greatest quantity of residual fuel oil shipments also
has the largest cracking and reforming capacity. The February and
March 1971 summations show the same relationships and the percentage in
each group remains relatively constant for each month during the first
quarter of 1971. It would appear that 12 refineries are shipping
between 25 and 30 percent of the residual fuel oil each month and the
larger refineries, capacities in excess of 50,000 barrels per calendar
day, are shipping over 60 percent of the residual fuel oil each month.
No. 4 fuel oil shipments were relatively small in comparison to
shipments of residual fuel oil or other distillates; however, of the
3.8 million barrels shipped in the first quarter of 1971 the 0 to 0.5
percent sulfur category contained 2.9 million barrels or 76 percent.
Relation of No. 4 fuel oil shipments from refineries and stocks held at
bulk terminal facilities in the lowest sulfur category was not evident
from the data. Monthly comparison of No. 4 fuel oil held at bulk
' 106
-------
53
terminals and shipments from refineries indicated a maximum of 38 percent
in the 0 to 0.5 sulfur category at the bulk terminals while shipments
averaged 77 percent in the same category. The reason for the wide
difference is unknown and additional data for 1971 may alter the results
to a closer relationship. Sulfur content of No. 4 fuel oil imports may
influence the quantity at the terminals.
Table 26 summarizes the capacity, crude oil input, and output of
distillate and residual fuel oils of refineries by refinery and P.A.D.
Districts. Average U.S. operating ratio was 90.4 percent in 1969.
The percent of yield of residual fuel oil from input of crude oil and
unfinished oils was lowest, 3.4 percent, in P.A.D. District III.
' 107
-------
10
erf
rH
•H
O
0)
3
tj j
CU
4-1
cd
rH
rH
•H
4-1
CO
•H
Q
TJ
C
cd
0)
"2
M
CM
00
c
•H 0
J__l ,_^
Cd 4J
0) r-l
ex
o
0)
"O r-l
3 -H
M O
u
0)
00 cu
cd -o
0) !-<
> CJ
*-l
QJ ;3
.H 4-> r-
t| | 3 ^-^
01 O
erf
/_s
l /-\ 0) •-'
m cu
^-s **~s
.
rH
0
O
J>^
rJ 4-1
mr-t
_J
C Cu ~
•H w m
M-J 3 ^
0) O
erf .
CO
•a c
0) 3
W Q)
c 4J ^
r-l CO
4-1
3 t*^
O. 4-1
rH 60 O r-N
t-4 3 CCj rH
O O CU *-^
J-l CTJ
rC CJ
4-1
CO
o
•H
M
JJ
CO
•H
Q
en m
en CM
O rH
rH
CM vO vO en
oo i-< en o J r" , j *•£
5 & o
p-t
in oo oo -~o -H ON
m rH oo o r^~ o
m rH ON en
rH
\o en CM
en CM rH
vo - m o vo
en >Q en CM
vo ' co r^ CM
• — i en "-O r^«
ft * *
cd M >
4-1 W
o
EH Q Q P
» •
3 3
0 0
M
rC 4J
4J 0)
rH
•i-4 CU
0 43
I 4J
0)
T) CO
3 3
M C
O •!-!
s
° M
ON O
rH
4J
60 •> 3
C rH CU
•H C
•a >. -H
C S-i
3 cd 4J
O 3 CU
M C C
cd
4-1 >-> CU
c ,a
O) TJ I IC<^
"O C . j
CU 3. -1
O, ON rH* '
(1) v0 Cu
T3 ON
C rH CO
•r4 rH
•» rH
O rH T4
4-1 4J
0) i-i
3 cd O
-a 3 4J
c
co cd co
rH r-, C
cd 3
4-1 O> !-l
O rC
4J 4J O>
O i*-l 3
4-) O SJ
0
"O 4)
t3 C)0 M-4
cd cd o
4-1 O) S
^ H
C Cu CO
f-~ rt\ rt*
»^» 01 0)
Cd ,£? rC
£ 4-1 4-1
rH 03 W
•H 4-1 4-1
cd c c
4-1 ai 0)
0) CO CO
Q CU CU
}-4 r-l
•• D. CU
o; o) oi
4J erf erf
o
Z -H C\J
-------
I I
os
vO
Os ,
r-4
4J
3
a
3
O
r-l
•H
O ^-
•a
r-4 CU
CU 4-1
3 cd
£14 4-)
w
•o
c , c
r4 3
. m
r-4
O
r-4
4)
3
U-l
r-4
cd
3
•r-l
M
(11
u/
r-4
•H
O
a>
3
U-l
0)
j_)
a)
r— 1
r-l
•rl
4-1
CO
, J
Q
•a
c
cd
CO
-o
.
r— 1 ^*N
0 4->
•a o c
r-l 0) '"N
.,-4 "' ' ¥, S
>l .-^ CO
r- a.
^^ >«-^
•
r-l
O
O
S_t 4J
0) 3
•r-l 4J t^.
14-) 3 "•— '
0) O
Crf
/"^
^
.
r— 1 X*\
O -U
•o u c
^ OJ
CD »i * CJ s~^
>-l ,— N QJ S— '
LO CU
>^_-' v^x
•
t— 1
o
o
^%
(-1 4J
CO. ^
. 1 ^J x—/
a) O
a: .
CO
"0 C
a) 3
CO O
•H rJ ^
c
CO CO CM
co r-4 r~. <]- co
o co r-i oo r-
O^ \D vO O> CO
CM i— i CO CO CM o m CM
vf r-i r^ vo r~- os
O vo CM vo r~« oo
r-4 00 CM v£! • ^ '
t
CO
(1)
•H
U
Q)
c
•H
CD
60
C
4J .
1-> r-l
(1) -H
a. o
o
•o
U-l 0)
0 rC
>> -r-4 r^\ /°\
4-1 C V-^ ^1 \
•r4 •!-( ^~^^*-^ \
CJ (l 1 ^^^\
cd C
a. 3
O U-l
o
J_)
3 4J
a, 3
M 4J
3 3
O O
^i
rC 4-J
4J 0)
C
r-l
•rl J C
CJ -1-4
ON O
-------
54
CHAPTER 3.—REFINERY TECHNOLOGY
DOMESTIC RESIDUAL FUEL OIL DESULFURIZATION FACILITIES
Desulfurization of the heavier fuel oils has become a matter of
necessity, not of economic choice. Refiners confronted with the task
of providing a low-sulfur residual fuel oil from a high-sulfur crude
oil supply must decide between the direct and indirect methods of
desulfurization. The direct method involves reactor processing of a
topped or reduced crude oil such as a residuum from an atmospheric
distillation unit. The indirect approach involves desulfurization in
a reactor of a gas-oil from the vacuum distillation unit (vacuum
gas-oil) and blending the reactor effluent with residuum from either
the atmospheric unit or the vacuum unit. No refineries in the United
States are known to be employing the direct method. Several refineries
on the East Coast and Gulf Coast are believed to be desulfurizing
heavy gas-oil for the purpose of reducing the sulfur content of residual
fuel oil by blending.
As an outgrowth of years of research, there are now new processes
for desulfurizing gas-oils and residual by either of the two methods.
New and more active catalysts have given the refiners a means to reduce
the sulfur content of different refinery streams. Some mild hydro-
treating processes are used primarily to remove foul smelling mercaptans
(a group of organic sulfur compounds) and other sulfur compounds from
distillate fractions, however, these processes have not been economi-
cally feasible for removing heavier sulfur compounds.
' 109
-------
55
Severe reactor conditions—i.e., higher pressures, higher tempera-
tures, more hydrogen, and more catalyst can reduce the sulfur content
of a vacuum gas-oil by as much as 85 percent. This provides a stock
suitable for blending with rather high-sulfur atmospheric or vacuum
residuum to produce a low to medium sulfur content fuel oil. In some
instances, No. 2 heating oil is substituted for desulfurized vacuum
gas-oils for blending with a high-sulfur residual.
An advantage of the blending (indirect) route is that most
refineries already have distillate hydrodesulfurization (hydrotreating)
facilities used for desulfurizing the lighter gas-oils for diesel oil
production. In addition, refineries with catalytic cracking facilities
generally desulfurize the charge in order to reduce catalyst degenera-
tion. Blending, however, has limited effectiveness because during the
distillation of crude oil the sulfur compounds tend to concentrate in
the heavier fractions. Accordingly, on the average, about two-thirds
of the sulfur in a barrel of oil charged to an atmospheric distillation
unit will be contained in the atmospheric residuum. As reported in
The Oil and Gas Journal, U.S. refineries at yearend 1970 had hydro-
treating capacity of 4,344,450 barrels per day. Essentially, all of
this desulfurization capacity was employed in the removal of contami-
nants from a variety of fuels and products other than residual fuel oil.
Presumably, with refinery adjustments in feedstock, and alterations in
refinery flow patterns, additional desulfurization of residual fuel oil
by blending could be accomplished.
Several direct residual hydrodesulfurization units have recently
been completed in Japan. One of these employs a process licensed by
' 110
-------
56
Gulf Research and Development Co., and has operated successfully since
January 1970. This unit is part of the Mizushima refinery of Nippon
Mining Co., located near Osaka. It can lower 27,760 b/sd of Kuwait
atmospheric residuum from 4 percent sulfur to 1 percent. The key to
the process is a catalyst which remains active after long periods of
use even though large quantities of vanadium and nickel were deposited
on it. It is not practical to regenerate the catalyst, but fortunately
the catalyst is relatively inexpensive and can be replaced after a
single cycle. Gulf Oil plans to install another such unit in its
Okinawa refinery.
Planned U.S. residual desulfurization facilities, shown in table 27,
will provide a total additional residual desulfurization capacity of
345,000 barrels per stream day of approximately 1 percent sulfur heavy
fuel sometime in 1971.
FOREIGN RESIDUAL FUEL OIL DESULFURIZATION FACILITIES
Facilities for desulfurizing residual fuel oil at foreign refin-
eries are concentrated in three areas; Japan, the Caribbean area, and
the Persian Gulf area. The first foreign residual fuel oil desulfuri-
zation unit was built in Japan in 1967. It was built to process residual
products from high-sulfur Middle East crude oil. With the passage of
air quality legislation in Japan that year, plans for other desulfuri-
zation facilities proliferated. Because of the increasing difficulty
in marketing high-sulfur Kuwait and Neutral Zone crude, two plants were
built in Kuwait, the former an all-hydrogen refinery. Since the
establishment of air quality standards in metropolitan areas of the
" 111
-------
CO
<0
•H
rH
•H
U
CO
<4-l
G
O
•H
4J
N
•rl
3
rH
3
co
0)
13
rH
CO
3
•H
CO
4»
rl
•
CO
•
£3
*T3
0)
CO
O
a
o
PH
1
•
r^
CN
W
rJ
H
T3
(U
4J
CO U
0 CO
•H O
4J U
CO
G
TJ 0
CD -H
•u 4-> >
X 8-5 >
O rH CO
M CD
f\ 14.) ,rj
a o
*o
a
id (U
4J
x—x 3
n3 O
CO V
-o oo
•iH
>". CO
4J CO
•H 0)
0 O
«o o
P. rl
CO D.
a
C
0
•H
CO
U
o
rH
•»
^
C
CO
a
e
0
U
e
o
•H
rH
rH
•H
0
o
rH
fMJ
fX
a»
rH
1
,
3 iH
U-i O
rH
3 1**!
CO rl
(U O
Q ><
rH &
Q> Q)
3 55
C
O
•H
rH
rH
•H
0
O
in
rH
o*\
rH
•
O
CJ
J=
U
C rl
O CO
rl CO
0) (U
J= Crf
o
0
o
o
91
m
o^
4J
a
0)
M
iH
0
o
o
o
•*
m
rH
^
4J
H -H
iH 0
O
C rl
CO O
•H ><
"O
rl >
CO CO
Q) (U
O
O
O
ft
o
10
4J
0
(U
rl
•H
a
0
o
o
•»
in
vO
^"»
4J
•H
P. o
3 S3
co
(3
O
•H
rH
rH
•H
0
O
vO
1
1
1
CJ
vH
S1***
o
0
o
tft
o
o
rH
•a
CO U
01
*-• M
0 -H
0) T3
M C
•H M
a
o
o
o
M
m
en
rH
•
o
o
00*0
•rl
C •>
•H 4J
MH C
(U 1H
otf o
PW
JJ
M rN
(0 0)
3 a
(U -H
4J p^
CO
•
o
a,
•
CTi
VO
C3N
rH
«t
^-
rH
^^
rH
3
««
00
CN
•
O
S3
•%
fs»
vO
•
rH
O
ft
rH
CO
2
3
O
^5
CO
CO
O
*o
c
i-H
•H
O
• •
(U
U
0
O
CO
-------
57
United States, four plants have been built in the Caribbean to process
products from high-sulfur Venezuelan crude (or a blend of Venezuelan
and African) for export primarily to the United States. At the end of
1970 the capacity of all foreign facilities built to lower the sulfur
content of residual fuel oil was 720,260 barrels per day. Known plants
under construction at that time totaled 326,500 barrels per day. Data
on each plant are given in table 28.
Over half (54%) of the foreign capacity in operation is at
Japanese refineries. All of the output from these units is marketed
in Japan and presumably not readily available for exportation. Although
specific data are not available, most of the output from the Persian
Gulf facilities is believed to be shipped to Japan, whereas that from
the Caribbean plant is exported to the United States.
Expansion plans include the construction of four plants in the
Caribbean area by 1972 having a combined capacity of 215,500 barrels
per day. When completed Caribbean desulfurization plants will have a
total capacity of 483,500 barrels per day.
For the most part capacity of direct residual fuel oil desulfuri-
zation units means the maximum rate at which high-sulfur residual fuel
oil (as high as 6.3% sulfur) can be desulfurized to 1% S. No foreign
scheme reduces the sulfur content level to less than 1% S using the
direct method.
Indirect processing capacities are the maximum rate at which vacuum
gas-oil may be desulfurized prior to blending with high-sulfur residual
fuel oil. The sulfur level of the vac^uunLgas-oil desulfurized varies
113
-------
o
r-
•o
C
cu
rl
CO
cu
rl
CU
CO
CO
0)
co
u
CO
a
to
co
I
CO
a)
i-i
(II
M
oo
CN
w
>-J
ca
CO
4-1
C
0)
o
o
?**
G
a
Cu
g
o
CO
CO
cu
u
o
Vl
fc
^
4-1
•H
O
CU
CO
CJ
•o
cu
Vi a>
CO r^
cu a
S_i C3
X g
o
>» C!
Vl 0
01 iH
Ci 4J
•H CO
CU O
Prf rH
^
>» c
Vi CO
w a
38
O CJ
o
•
*&
•rl
CO
cu
JJ
•
CO TJ
•H
S-S CO
0 0)
• H
•s^*
C/3
CO
M £*•£
CJ O
& *
O rH
P-4
O
(—1
T>
Q
CJ
Of
4J
U
0)
M
•H
T3 Q
0)
01
a
o o
u o
o
o
r-
vO
o>
CO
•H
x;
CJ
c
CO
CO
o
^
3
CO
4J
•H
e e
to 3
o. -a
tO M
CU
^r;
4-1
»
4-1
^1
CO
(X
4J
co
o
e
cu
r^-
4J
V*
o
X
§
o
CO
M
4-1
U
cu
J.4
•H
•a
G
M
o
o
o
m
CN
00
vC
CT»
to
V)
3
00
cu
13
0
CO
CO
4J
•H
G
3
01
co
0)
4-1
IM
O
CO
cu
•rl
4J
•H
0
(0
a.
CO
u
w
c3
(VJ
W
O
•o
o
o
o
m
CN
CO
vO
CTl
tO
e
>.
JS
nj
o
J>^
O
4->
p»^
4-1
•iH
,_!
•H
f)
cO
^4
•H
CU
XI
4-1
4J
O
0)
f— {
H-l
0)
"
^
to
G
O
co
CJ
Pi
CJ
o
•a
o
c
o
o
CTi
vO
CT>
•H
r*
co
•H
00
0)
R
•rl
01
CO
•H
01
1
CO
(0
00
-a
cu
N
•H
Vl
3
4-1
rH
3
co
CU
tO
a>
u
d
-o
o
Cu
00
c
•H
B
14-1
rH
3
O
0
-a
o
o
o
m
CO
CTi
vO
iH
x:
ca
o
o
cO
e
p"*2
m
•
o
o
4-1
fo
.
o
4-1
3
O
(0
X!
4J
•rl
J5
rH
•H
O
X
cfl
6
O
CO
PJ
o
o
•a
o
o
o
^
rH
a\
vO
(0
4J
•rl
O
-a
cu
T3
C
01
rH
X)
CO
•rl
XI
u
•H
x:
4J
CJ
01
4J
G
O
U
CO
co
Q
W
rH
0)
x:
co
O
T3
O
O
0
-3-
i-H
CTi
VO
0\
•H
CO
CO
!
00 CO
O 33
3
^»
•H
i-i^
0)
co
•H
•n
fe
W
O
;>>
Vl
CU
tO
o
H
p
^^
•rl
A!
0)
CO
c
CO
•H
^
>,
•rl
\>
0)
co
O
>,
•H
*>^
0)
co
3
>.x:
Al co
•H
CO
O
&
«
p
^»
•H
|Jrj
0)
CO
cO
J2
CO
g
3
CJ
cO
£»
>4H
O
^
4J
0)
•H
Vl
CO
to
x:
4J
•H
s
X
3
O
co
PH
O
O
T3
O
O
o
o
CO
en
vO
to
^
X!
CO
N
•f-f
j3
^\
•H
CU
CO
•rl
X!
CO
•H
XI
co
•H
S
cu
to
0)
£2
n)
P.
CO
01
X!
4J
4-1
0)
a)
B
o
4-1
•
r^
•H
CO
CU
Vl
00
c
•H
_*«*,
U
tO
u
•H
C
O
*o
o
o
o
m
n
en
vD
CO
Xi
•H
XI
^
•H
^
0)
CO
jj
0)
N
3
S
»
CO
»<
*
rH
>4-l
O
cu
00
«
Vl
cu
p*
as
CO
i
r-1
rH
01
X!
CO
o
o
o
o
^
CTi
vO
•H
X!
U
3
00
(0
CO
3
•f_|
r^
cu
co
X)
•H
0)
CO
X
CO
W CO
<# M
u
pi pi
W CJ
o o
TJ TJ
o o
o o
0 0
rH 00
o o
r^ r-
3
•H <4-4
tO -H
^2 vi
tO CO
CO g
•H
0)
CO
•H
01 -H
CO CU
co
3 -H
>> 0>
•H CO
*i^
cu 3
co >>
•H
rH ,M
CO 0)
Vl CO
01
rt to
0) O
0 U!
CO
0
g
U •
o -a
u -H
co co
T3 CU
CU rl •
cu o
14-1 co a
CO fr«
rl rH
CU
? O
§ at tS
3 00 O
O C 4J
CO tO 3 XJ
> Vl Cu O
4J iH
§0) 3 X!
*O O ?
•O CN
CO C« -H
rH m IH
•rl W 01 O
O i-l CU
> 3 CO XI
fO P. W
•rl • M rH
4-1 O. rH
13 iH
CU G U-l CO
0) 3 O -H
•H CO
O
co a)
CO i-l
00 rH
CO
>.CJ
§ .
oi a
XI 4J
3 <4H
3 Vl
0)
*10 ^C
CU 4J
X O
•H
e e
Vl 4-1 •
CU -4J vO
0 O
•H X> CO
to
0) 0)
Vl 13 -C •
3 00 CO
G
CU
00
o ca to
Vi M CO C
•O 3) (0
>, S >4-i J3
X3 O O *J
u x;
CO
p-
o
U
(U
rl
o
rl
•H
a
rH XI
•H VI
O CO
I CJ
u
0)
rl
tl
g
ca
4J
y
a>
o
VO
^
i>T
CN
o
a
C3
m
"*
o
0
m
iC
rH
O
vO
CN
0?
00
f)
O
o
0
00
CN
O
r<-
cn
O
fv
cr>
s
X!
CO
3
N
09
Xi
•H
I
CO
cS
o
o
o
•»
m
ro
CT>
vO
CT>
•a
XI
10
n
cu
vO
O
00
(3
5
£
T3
g
0.
-------
"8
3
•H
4J
a
U
|
i
o
CTI
rH
TJ
cu
Vl
cd
CU
ft
to
(U
•H
4J
- i -^
Tl r^*
rH >,
•H Cd
o -a
cd
0)
c a
o
•H ca
4-1 rH
cd cu
N Vl
TH Vl
vi (d
3 -a
rH C
3 -H
to
tu tn
TJ CU
•H
rH 4J
iH -H
O 0
cd
•H D.
cu cd
3 O
i-H
3
*r3
•rl
to
CU
Vl
a
6t
•rl
cu
Vl
o
1
00
CN
W
f-J
(3Q
^
H
CO
4J
C
4J
•rl
U
cd
(X
cd
u
*o
CU
4J
Vi * C
Vi O
> c
vi cd
4J f\
o e
3 0
0 0
o
4-1
O 4J 1 CO
Z cd i C cu -H
Vl O Vl
• W 4J -H
- O O -H Vl (3 rC
rH 4J P-. JS 0) CU 3
P-- CT> H .C CO
O i-H 4J CU i-H
JZ CJ • O H -H
u > c 6~s P-I o
Cd M O rH 1
/
• ^ 13
4J o vi cd I •
•H r^ O O rH T3 "
.(-O CUCOtUCO iH^-« CO
T3 3 rH CO fj iH 4J • 4J ^
•H 4J Cd Cd 4J tO 6'^
COrHC^S'n TjrH XilHO O
Q) iH iH rH d M-l CU rH U3 ClO TJ O •
VQ)4J S18 cd
CO 3 'i | 4_l Vl X rH '1 | CO
34JOO>4H CUCUCU-i-H >4H
rCO3O OO.U3U3 CN3B-S O
UCdCXOtJ 34JP.1-H tOfO
•rl>4J^-~^tJ WCdM-ICU- O
3 3OU3~^.CUCOHO'aO CJ
tHB3 >
13X rHO O 4JU-I4JCUIJ-I
d) 4-* • C^> O SV*CdViC3cJQ tO
13 -u^COOCUS 3CU3 -H
PJg-HcJ "OVlU-l *>4-l4J'O»HW!V,rHin!CdW>OOO.rH £
CO CO
p a
p^ pTj
1 1
rH rH
rH rH
cu cu
cC r^2
CO CO
4J 4J
0 0
cu cu
Vl Vl
•H -H
*Q rO
13 C
M M
J
i O O O
,' O O O
; o oo
M M +>
m oo O
co r*^ **)
{ *~i
1
O^ r-«"
vO ^O
i— f r-f
o
C fl3
0 CJ
*"O ^J
Vi Vi
cd 3
o cj
cd to
rH CU
CU iH •
3 Tl >
N C
CU M •
(3 a
CU 4J
> to •>
cu cu o
•O J2 Cd
o
rH rH tO Cd
rH Cd TJ H
CU 4J d 3
.c o co cj
M 4J H
,0 Vl rH
• T3 3 «) i-H
J3 CXrH
IM B-5 4J 0) 3
O rH rH -H O T3
•H • 3 E u vi ca i-
CU • iH Ct
(
1
1
o co to co f. e • >
3 -H 3 3 -0 cd
•O 6^ S^S 3 T-l
O f*' TJ CN} rH CJ CO 4-
I
Vi • CU-THcdCUO
rxo viC
<^
^
4J
a
cu
Vl
TH
T3
a
M LO
T*"i
• -W
» 1
o
0
o
•v
o
v£)
ON
vO
rH
X
iH
o
Vl
CJ
•
4J
CO
to
c o
cd cj
i-H
tO rH
rH iH
o
a
•H W
60 I»
Vl CU
iH 33
O
vO
CN
•*
O
CN
f** '
TJ
0)
4J
0)
rH
a.
u
rH
cd
4-1
O
H
-------
TJ
01
3
G
^1
4J
C
o
u
1
I
0
ON
rH
a
0>
vi
S
^,
»>
CO
0)
•H
4J
^H ^*
•H CO
0 TJ
CO
*W M
0)
C CX
o
•H ID
4J rH
CO 01
N M
•H M
M Id
IM
rH C
3 *r4
m
o) n
TJ 0)
•H
H 4J
•H -H
0 0
id
rH O.
01 cd
3 CJ
44-4 ^^
rH
tfl
3
TJ
to
01
}•!
c
C4
•H
01
Vi
O
1
CO
CM
U
Jg
H
CO
4J
G
01
o
u
J^
G
CO
o.
B
o
u
(0
co
OI
u
o
^1
OH
*^
rHJ
^
4J
•H
U
id
o.
id
CJ
TJ
01
4J
M 01
td r-t
01 Ob
u
>% c
H 0
0) -H
a 4J
IH to
IM U
rS 5
PS rH
>»
>> G
M CO
4-1 CX
§§
8°
c
o
•H
4J
U
2
4-1
m
C
o
u
u
01
*o
C!
TJ
CO
TJ
•rl
£
•H
M
H
^rjj
S3
^j
as
4-1
O
0)
•H
TJ
c
M
O
O
O
»
rsfc
»<*,
CM
r-^
ON
rH
1
to
1 0)
01 Vi
4J ^
C 01
•H -rl
O PU
CM
•
o
C
M
Tj"
CO
TJ
C
•H
H
O
U
CO
01
H
o u-i
o
01 3 rO
00 O.O
Vi 4J O O
CO 3 O O
J= O -O
o m •
0) TJ rH
& -H 4J
tO CO TJ
0 0)
c
tO
U
4J CO CO
O »-i
3 O O fr-S 6^2
TJ j> cu o n
o cu • •
M CO ^ rH O
PL,
U
01
M
o
o
o
o
oo
ON
to
X)
o
CJ
co
01
TJ
co
CO
01
co
•a
cO
1
id
60
S
^3
£3
^4
3
4-1
U
0)
•H
•a
M
O
O
o
o
«»
CM
ON
4-1
|^
O
4J
rj O Vi Vi Vi O
01 0) -H iH -H 0)
Vi M TJ TJ TJ Vi
•H -H C C C -H
O Q M M M Q
0 OOOOO O Oil
O OOOOO O Ofl
m ooooo o injj
oo o o CM m o r» CNH
rH <• CM rH CO VI- ON ON ON ON O\
to
U
a -H
CO X
c3 TTH oi m id
rH oj to .* CO .n
td 6 Ai « > -H
to -H to to to ,c
EC M o M o C
X-N O
X -H
0> 4J
§0
3
ft i Vi
Nw*' 4J
o m
CO >N JS
O 00 O
a o o
cd O M
CJ r>» M
•H C 00 3 0»
X cd 3 O >» TJ
01 to x {2 -H C
S 0 -H # 3
M Jrf 3 O fl» rH
CO 01 5>"» >* CO Cd rH
O 3 W -rl Vi 4J cd
01 N ^J C O O 4J
rH 4J -H 01 0) 4J 4J O
O ,-H « M S5 3 43 H
U C S M ^5 3
4-1 cOOIClOcOO (A
01 PJTJ id O O >>
PL, td|M M Ui H ^
4J
•H
C
3
CO
0)
U
0
ex
0)
4J
U-l
0
4J
•H
U
CO
S*
U
4J
3
0.
60
O
rl
4J
01
4J
^Q
O
4J
TJ
01
>
0)
•-)
Xi
01
id
co
0)
•H
4-1
•H
U
cd
p.
id
u
4J
Vi
CO
a.
4J
m
o
0
0)
JC
Vi
o
-Hi
-------
58
from 0.1% to 0.3%. Output sulfur levels vary according to the sulfur
content of the charge. The sulfur content of the residual/gas-oil mix
depends on specifications of the purchaser.
•" 1 ~r
JU J. :
-------
59
CHAPTER 4.—RESIDUAL FUEL OIL IMPORTS, 1968 and 1969
Residual fuel oil data gathered by OAP from the Office of Import
Administration (0. I. A.) for the years 1968 and 1969 were made available
to the Bureau of Mines. These data were entered in the data bank. Sum-
mations of these imports were made by port of entry (Table C-9 and C-10)
and country of origin (Table C-ll and C-12) for each year. Included in
the residual fuel oil imports is about 27.4 million barrels of No. 4 fuel
oil in 1969 and 19.1 million in 1968.
Currently information on residual and No. 4 fuel oils for 1970 and
1971 is being collected by the Bureau of Mines. As each month is com-
pleted the data will be entered in the data bank. When data are complete
for January 1970 through June 1971, a supplemental report will be pre-
pared by the Bureau of Mines covering imports of residual fuel oils by
sulfur levels for the three and a half year period.
Imported fuel oil predominately contained over one percent sulfur.
In 1969 all the lowest sulfur fuel oil went to the east coast and cane
primarily from Europe (Tables C-10 and C-12). Less than one percent
(2,301,440 barrels) was in the less than 0.3 percent category and 54
percent (236,859,398 barrels) contained over two percent sulfur. The
quantity of low sulfur residual fuel oil imports, less than 0.51 percent,
declined from 16 million barrels in 1968,,to 12 million barrels in 1969.
•A- ^» V,
-------
60
CHAPTER 5.—CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Of the total API petroleum reserve of 29.6 billion barrels at the
end of 1969, sulfur data was obtained for 19.7 billion barrels and the
1969 crude oil production was 3.2 billion barrels. Distribution of the
production, figure 9, to refineries and the quantities of products
manufactured is a measure of the magnitude of the petroleum industry in
the United States. Sulfur content in the various components of this
industry is an environmental problem. Factual data concerning this
sulfur contents were the primary justifications for this report and
continued surveillance will be required for better and more meaningful
interpretations in the future.
Based on a study of the sulfur content of 67 percent of the API
reserve (as of December 31, 1969), the remaining 33 percent of the
reserve was apportioned to four sulfur content ranges. The classifica-
tion of the total reserve was as follows: 18,908 million barrels,
0 to 0.5 percent; 3,499 million barrels, 0.51 to 1.00 percent; 5,151
million barrels, 1.01 to 2.00 percent; and 2,074 million barrels,
greater than 2.00 percent. Based on 80 percent of the 1969 production,
classification of total U.S. production was as follows: 2,243 million
barrels, 0 to 0.5 percent; 362 million barrels, 0.51 to 1.00 percent;
337 million barrels, 1.01 to 2.00 percent; and 247 million barrels,
greater than 2.00 percent. Reserve estimates made by the Bureau of
Mines for over 1,000 fields are available to government agencies by
*• 1 <\
.X JL J
-------
1
4J
1
CO
4-1
M
O rH
P.
£
CO
3 4J
-1 0
1) H
-i P.
t
•a
c
U CO
Domes t
troduct
P.
j
H 0
co
c a)
•H t>
0) M
Pi O
1
°H
•H O
CO
0 T3
H 3
O
4
CM O
CM 0
r-» cr>
4J
H cd
Cfl <-H
3 «-H
73 °rl
•rH tj
CO CO
CO T"1
Pi 0
L
r>. O
"O 00
ro 00
a oo
3 »H
T3 **
O CO
M
P.
•
CM i
VO 1
CO
4-t
M rH
O (0 •
P. 3 «
B *T3 •
M >rl
(0
Q) o
n
4J
u -a-
O iH
r
H
r>
/-•*
0> CM
4-1
<0 1
H sT
H O\
U • VO
[Q O O\
H £? r-H
a ^ i
CO
u
3
0
M
P.
0
^Hj co X-N
0) CO
S i-i
£ co
0) M
, CO M
<0 (0
M ,0
1 s
CO D
CO M-l
M 3
at co b
w c
m gsp L/
&^
U1
co
0) CM
rH > CO
(0 )-i vO
4-1 CO »
O CO CTi
H (U CM
i , 1
C u
•H 0 3
•H -H «4-l
O 4J r-( d iH
O 3 £ CM
<0 3 CO O O
*O T3 C^ **
3 O S^S ^S i-l
CJ (X 5
C
•-I O
"H -H
O 4-1 i
U
CO 3
'B "o t
CJ p.
T
3
M
S § r*.
05 O rH
S
rH 0 3
•H iH <4-i C3
O 4-1 rH 3
U 3 O rH
co 3 m 0 in
•O T3 A! vO
3 O S-? C
M r« *^ 3
U P. >
r
CO 3
CO «*H C
> rH 5 OO
h 3 O t~*
CO CO C 00
ca A! •>
flJ fr^ C ON
U -v. 3
-------
62
Few refineries ship or keep stocks of No. 4 fuel oil. In
the first quarter of 1971 shipments were 3.8 million barrels and
stocks averaged about 1.4 million barrels each month. Over 75
percent of the No. 4 shipments were in the 0 to 0.5 percent sulfur
category.
No. 4 and residual fuel oils stored at bulk terminal facilities
averaged 2.2 and 23.7 million barrels each month, respectively, during
the first quarter of 1971. In the 0 to 0.5 sulfur range were 0.6
million barrels of No. 4 fuel oil and 2.8 million barrels of residual
fuel oil each month. Bulk terminal storage facilities include unknown
quantities of imported refined products.
Based upon three months sulfur data, the first quarter of 1971,
no meaningful conclusions covering past or future sulfur content of
No. 4 residual fuel oil can be madec At least one full year of sulfur
information will be required before trends or projections can be
determined.
The sulfur content in crude oil run through a refinery bears no
direct relation to the sulfur content in distillate or residual fuel
oil outputs from that refinery. Many variables in refinery processing
cause products with variable sulfur content. Crude oil containing
0.3 percent sulfur may concentrate in the refinery process and result
in residual fuel oil with 1.5 to 2,0 percent sulfur at a particular
refinery. Another refinery may use crude oil with 0.3 percent sulfur
and manufacture residual fuel oil with over 3.0 percent sulfur, In no
case will sulfur content of manufactured residual fuel oil be less than
' 121
-------
63
the sulfur content of the crude oil used to make that residual fuel
oil unless some type of desulfurization process is used. Blending
is another method of reducing sulfur content of residual fuel oil.
Blending of various products of distillates and residual fuel
oil is the technique practiced by most companies to meet their customers'
specifications. Generally blending takes place at the storage facility
and occurs when filling a particular order with specifications of type,
sulfur content, quantity, etc. The Bureau of Mines receives no data
relating to blending of products.
During the course of this study certain information desired by
OAF was not available and resulted in data gaps. Notable among these
are the lack of data sulfur content of refinery receipts of domestic and
foreign crude oils, breakdown of inventories by domestic and foreign
sources, consumption data of fuel oils by sulfur content, inventory
data fuel oils at the state or smaller geographic level, and the price
and sulfur content of crude oil refinery feedstocks. To obtain any of
this information would require canvassing of the industry.
%
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that: (1) coverage (of this study) be expanded
to include all fields (or reservoirs) with crude oil production of
100,000 barrels per year or more, and fields be added as production
exceeds this lower limit; (2) crude oil analysis be made for above fields
for which no sulfur content data are available; (3) all field reserve
estimates with sulfur content be re-evaluated at least every three years;
-------
64
and (4) sulfur content be determined for major potential crude oil
production (Alaska North Slope) and for other possible sources such
as oil shale (Rocky Mountain area) and tar sands (Missouri and Kansas).
Expansion will be determined by availability of funds and personnel.
The Bureau of Mines will continue to collect sulfur data for No. 4
and residual fuel oil and, when feasible, request sulfur data for other
refined products which could have an impact upon environmental con-
ditions such as other distillates or naphtha. Selection of other products,
if any, to be under joint agreement of the Bureau of Mines and Office of
Air Programs based upon need, funds and personnel.
Updating of the national energy data bank by the Bureau of Mines
will be continued. Future data bank additions deemed useful for both the
Bureau of Mines and other government agencies include: (1) expansion
of sulfur content data; (2) calculate additional crude oil reserves;
(3) other elements or compounds which may be environmental factors such
as nitrogen, vanadium, mercury, nickel, etc.; (4) expansion when possible
will include data on natural gas, condensate, and other refined products.
After the end of 1971 when one full year of sulfur data will be in
the data bank for No, 4 and residual fuel oils, these data will be made
available upon request of other government agencies.
To increase the supply of low sulfur residual fuel oil in the United
States several actions could be taken, included in these are: (1) in-
crease imports of low sulfur residual fuel oil; (2) increase production
of domestic low sulfur residual fuel oil by desulfurization; (3) in-
crease refinery feedstocks or use of low sulfur crude oils; (4) increase
imports of lower sulfur crude oil from wlj^ch residual fuel oil could be
jL<:3
manufactured.
-------
65
APPENDIX Ar --GLOSSARY
Alky lat ion --Process by which light, volatile hydrocarbons having two to
four carbon atoms that have high octane numbers are brought into chemical
combination forming heavier compounds called alkylates.
Barrel - ~A volumetric unit of measurement equivalent to 42 U.S. gallons.
Barrels per calendar day --Throughput 01 output of a unit operating for a
full day (24 hours) with a prorated allowance for regular "downtime" on
a unit for routine maintenance and repair.
Blend ing- -Mixing in predetermined and controlled quantities to give a
uniform product.
Bulk terminal --All bulk installations which receive their principal
products by tankers s barges, or pipelines, or any other storage point
with a combined capacity of 50,000 barrels or more, regardless of the
transportation means by which products are received „
Catalyst- -A substance capable of changing the rate of reaction without
itself undergoing any net change,
Cracking --Re finery process in which relatively heavy hydrocarbons (such
as fuel oils and naphthas from petroleum) are broken up into lighter
products (such as gasoline and ethylene) by means of heat, and usually
pressure, and sometimes catalysts.
Crude oil analysis—A quantitative statement of the experimentally
determined physical and chemical characteristic of oil.
Crude petroleum- -A naturally occurring mixture, consisting predominately
of hydrocarbons, and/or sulfur, nitrogen, and/or oxygen derivatives of
hydrocarbons, which is removed from the earth in liquid state or capable
of being so removed.
Desulfurization°-The removal or reduction of sulfur in petroleum
products .
Distillation of petroleum—Refinery process by which heat is applied to
the crude oil in order that its constituents may pass off in vapor, and
by suitable arrangements subsequently collected in the form of a liquid.
Energy demand --Energy demand refers to the market demand for fossil
fuels such as natural gas, oil. and coal for the purpose of performing
power.
~-
-------
67
Product ion--Crude oil production is the volume of petroleum liquid,
excluding condensate,, which is produced from reservoirs during given
periods of time
P rod u c t i on d e c 1 in e c u r ve - A mathematical calculation or graphical method
used to derive reserves after sufficient actual performance data have
become available for a field or reservoir.
Proved cj^ude on_resjarves~ Proved reserves of crude oil as of
December 31, of any given year are the estimated quantities of all
liquids statistically defined as crude oil, which geological and
engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable
in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and
operating conditions. (API)
Refinery--A multitude of integrated processing units designed and
operated for manufacturing with precision a multitude of finished or
semifinished products from crude petroleum.
Refinery capacity--Quantity of crude petroleum that a refinery is
capable of processing in a specified period of time,
Reforming—A procedure for altering the molecules of straight-run or
other naphthas by converting some non-aromatic constituents into
products containing aromatic compounds0
Reserve-production ratio"-Reserve-production ratio is obtained by dividing
the remaining reserve at the end of the year of a given reservoir, field,
or State by the corresponding annual crude oil production for the purpose
of estimating reserves.
Reservoir--A reservoir is that portion of an underground trap which
contains oil and/or gas; it is the common source of oil supply.
Residual fuel oil--Topped crude petroleum or viscous residium obtained in
refinery operation.
Sulfur content"°Sulfur content (percent of weight) is a general charac-
teristic of crude oil and normally found in the form of organic sulfur
compounds. It is derived from a crude oil sample, taken from an oil
reservoir, and based on a crude petroleum analysis.
Volumetric calc^ulat ions^°-Volumet r ic calculation is one of the
mathematical methods used for the purpose of estimating crude oil in
the reservoir " C r
JL./L.O
-------
68
APPENDIX Bo--BUREAU OF MINES PROJECT PERSONNEL
Interraountain Field Operation Center, Denver, Colorado
W, G» Park, Physical Scientist
Ro Jo Hurt, Technical Aid
Petroleum Staff, Mineral Supply Field Offices
Dallas, Texas
Ro W. Martin, Petroleum Engineer
Manuel Carrales, Jr», Petroleum Engineer
J. So Conway, Petroleum Engineer
W» J0 Alexander, Resource Specialist (Petroleum)
Wo Do Dietzman, Petroleum Engineer
Bartlesville, Oklahoma
G. To Mclntyre, Petroleum Engineer
N, A, Kendall, Petroleum Engineer
Laramie, Wyoming
Paul Biggs, Petroleum Engineer
Alaska Field Operation Center
Do Po Blasko, Petroleum Engineer
Division of Fossil Fuels, Washington, DoC.
C« Eo Hennig, Supervisory Survey Statistician
J. M. Diehl, Supervisory Survey Statistician
J. G. Kirby, Industry Economist
Lo Wo Schramm, Chemical Engineer
D» A. Carleton, Supervisory Foreign Mineral Specialist
(Petroleum)
Wo Go Carrico, Statistical Assistant
-------
>-
cc
u.
UJ
CC
U.
O
(/I
CD
O
UJ
z u. «c
UJ O »-
o a
cc t=
UJ
a,
CO
_I
CD
CO
CO
f- U.
_j z a
-
* V
•-« in
69
CM m o o «•»
•H v-t CM ^ CO
o
NO
CO
•»«( CM «^J
O 00 CM
CO
O 03
CM
«o
CM
CM
o-
CM
CM
CO
O
_l
UJ —>
i > OA
a «t
** 3
CO Z
UJ
u.
o
z
a
o
o
ac
OL
h-
CO
UJ
B
O
-J
CD
>-
•4
Q
Z CC
^ Q.
U
«t CO
CC -1
O 00
00
Z <
o o
•-*
»- cc
o
o
m
co
CM
co
in
CM
00
-O
CM
r*.
CO
N. O O
l>°> CO
fw CM CO
CM
fw
in
o
o
o
o
o o o
o o o
«-< in co
O> O CM
CO CO (O
in at f\
o
o
o
o
in
•o
en
o o
in ••«
ro
o
CO
o
co
o
>o
«4 ft CO
CM
in
o
CM
CO
CO
CO
CM
^»
»_
•-4
_J 0
*-« <
O Q.
fr-
CC =>
O Q-
O
ce
X
»=-
e^t
^.
4
O
cc
UJ
a.
CO
j
UJ
cc
cc
<
3)
w*
o
o
o
a
Or
»
O
0
o
o
o
CM
CC
UI
>
o
O
o
o
o
0
«1
o
^_
o
0
0
o
in
o
O
0
O
O
tt
«-«
0
t—
0
o
o
o
o
o
0
19
0
o>
o
QX
o
o
l_
o
o
o
in
o
A
o
o
o
o
«f
N.
0
r_
0
o
o
o
9
0
a
o
o
ON
c*
^
o
H-
o
o
o
tn
0
9
0>
O
O
o
a
«
O
0
o
in
cc
UJ
o
z
_I
«t
t-
a
a ^
in
CM
-< «n
CO
UJ
a.
at
o
o
z
co
>-H
CC
U. I/)
a u
•—i
cc z
UI <
ca a.
z z
3 O
z o
z in
•-«
«c z
»-
-------
CC
UJ
Z
i- _j «r
z u. < »
UIO »-
o a
ce N-
UJ
a.
CO
CM
00
CO
70
o
(M
in
ce
u.
o
ui
Nl
a
»-i >O
O in OS N-
•-i »-i •-« f)
CM
•o
N.
CM
zcr
o
oo
o
ON
in
:s a:
o <«
i-i ZJ
«o ce
Ul CD
OC Ul
o
CM
<*
co
^
v-4
O
o
CO
CM
CO
<*>
«•*
0
0
o
o
in
CO
v4
co
CO
CO
OQ.
O
cc
X
•> o
a O
„ o
o O
O 4-
O •" *>«
o
o o o
o »- »=-
o
CM O O
o o
ce o o
ui o o
> in o
O «"•«•*
o
o\
o
o
o
in
o
O
O»
o
o
o
o
o
tn
o
o
o
in
CM
O*
o*
o*
O Ul
Ul <
CO Q.
z z
3 O
z o
z in
Z X
o t-
o
(A
CO (O
Ul Ul
(/> _l
Ul
X U.
Ul •*
cr *
-------
cr
Ul
t"
z u.
LJO I
U
at
Ul
Q.
•O O
« o
«=l CM
N> CM
a •
~* in
71
O
CM
ui
QC.
U.
O
UJ
CO
QQ
O
Ul
z
<
QC
\n
_i
m
CD **s ^^
CM in
u. <-i
: o
«-»
o z to N. o
00.0 f» O
t=» 1=1 Z If* O
CO X
in m
•sr
o
CM
v->
CM
CM
O
O
>O
O
CM
Ul
=>
u.
3 O
o at
w <*:
ui z
Ul
cc
u.
o
4
a
C9
z cr
l-i UJ
* CL
o
in •*• O>
O CD .H •« f>
O\ «3- O> O N-
m o co « K-
CD
•—I
DC
a
a
tr
a.
a
ui
Ul
I
a
«"•«
•
o
Ul
_J
m
O CO
cr »-«
ui cr
CO U.UI
x o z
rj »-.
z u.
ui
cr
in
CM
OO
CO
CO
CM
•-i Q
•-ioc
cr «£
X 33
» O
a O
« O
• O
ON
O -^
O
o o
O fr-
o
CM O
O
QC. O
Ul O
•» m
a •**
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
ON
ON
a.
o
o
o
o
in
(V-
o
o
o
o
in
O
ON
O
O
O
m
CM
ON
ON
ON
«r
CM
O
ON
ON
O
O
O O
»- a in
t=>
o or
o o ui
o o o
o o z
«4 m =>
O Ul
I— I
cr z
Ul «t
CO O.
z in
«* z
O I-
o
-------
72
o
o
tr
co
>-
CO
CO
cr
UJ
Z
_l
«t
ft--
p^
o
I—
•^
0
&
CM
or
UJ
>
o
o
»
CM
1
w*
o
v-l
O-O O N, -B O O
*
^•^ v^ ^^ ^^ v^ %^ ^^ v>^
O<*>>O •^'•-tvOOCO
s-CMin mN-CMr^in
omin iO^«oco«o
COK N- m
CM«=» * ino o * m
»-i •-« * »-i *
* *
f^.COO «^iO'i=»»- «• •-*
s»h» 1^ O O O O
N-«r CM in CM -« CM
ro n
ro »-« O O «=• in
m CM — • — i «-"
CO <*> >O CO O CM
o >o co co «^ «»
<» «=• CM o fn
eo in CM
K-O * * OO *
CM«-« « « *
« « *
in cxi o o o co
O O •-•
PO CM
om * * * o
•"-• * * *
* * *
>ON- CM CO O O
m <*)
»-«•-«
00
^% ^^
ro en
«-i^-i
vx ^^
«o o
t>-l •-!
m (*>
^*\ ^°\
* *
* *
* +
\^ ^^
«»-«r
eo co
»^w-l
oo
oo
N.
co
CM
«-i
in
CM
o o
oo
oo
oo
o
co
eo
in
CM
m
in
O _J
or o uj
u. h> or
o or
_i .-««c
•-i en
a or
ui u.
—i CD o
Ul X
ZJ Ul CO
u. o o
ui -z
-J O «t
< co
»/)
UJ
cr
o
t-
z
CD
CO
oo o
O «-H v-l
CM * vi *
* *
-B •» O *
«-« * # *
« « *
I >O«O O
^O «-* *-t
- eviev
o «r«
N. «-i r^. CM r^.
CM N- O l>» CO
so -«
S-CM in
o o * * *
* * *
* * *
^^ %^ \>x w v^
CO O UW CM «=»
N. >O CM O
COCO CM h-
mo o
<»> «-< CM
oin CM
in CM
I 00 O CM •**••
o o
o
•o
CO
•—I
or
a
u
*-N
U. CO
O Ul
t-4
cr z
ui <
CD a.
CM
I
O
Ul
_l
CO
u
»—I
cr
t—
to
«—i
o
a t» Or O »
O & O Oi «
CEI—
to x
l-t O
o
o O
• Z
« o O o Z
i-t Z o 1-1
ECU. - >-l
o
I—I
or i
. X o ^ 3B
«UI Ul •< OC Ul
«t I— *- _I
-------
«
f—
o
in o
<*> QX
«*» in
K. « 00 «O
«n »•- CM o o> »n ••*-*
<*in»».o>«N- ro
CM CM
ooeo CM
oo cu
in in CM
»•« -
m
Of.
u.
LJ
IT
o
O
CM
ce
O« Ok O
o o o
>• <» <*
O ft «•*
^** ^'H ^*
o * *
o * *
• * *
CM *«^ *^ *«^
t o «=• o
—« ** «
CM o >o m «*
CO f^ ^J CO
<"1 CM S. <**
CO O «* * Ift
^ •-» «
•o o o in CM
«4 CM <» ^
00 ««-««»>
CM CM
Ok <-• CM «=« «*> •
co ^5 ro co »^
CM CM
~» * * *
# * *
V^W> WXrf \^ **S
N.CO CO CM O O
eo -
ce u* ^^ **** *™*
_l •< O o CM W
UJ 3 O «-• «-«
3 Z tO
u. «x a
"> Z
CM «
CM *
*
-a
*
«
* * o
«•« * * +
* * «
o « co <*>«»•
r>~in
co
OO «M CO o> m
•*—« CO
O
a
x
t=
O
to
*=-
in in * *
o * *
o * -a
%** ^3* «fcrf
ce co o> o
uj « »H tn
o m m
*"% **•=% tf~v *^
o * * •»•
+ # +
« * «
O O
* * * *
o *=»
•-« rn
•O 9 CO O
o ^ —• in »•- CM
COK-
•» -k
^^«^
*» —
o
<0
«-)
in
CO
•-H
tr
»-
z
o
U. (O
O LJ
CD a.
CM
I
O
_J
m
CO
X.
«=-)
t—
o
t<4
ce
t—
CO
»-)
o
o
o
a
4
o
a.
O O
» Oi
0 O
o o
» o
Or *
» *
& a
o o
o
0 *
»o
» z
0
•y
H> ^
W> 1-4
*t !X
00
o ^c
_J
>== <4
COOL
^CQ.
UI 4
^
>-4
t-
o
k->
ce
>-
CO
t-4
O
a
0
o
4
o
a.
9 or
o o
o o
o a
o »
« »
O 0
or O
o o
o
CM
o
°O
Ofc~
ZUf
Z ex
*
o
9 O
CJ> CJ
UI UI
a *
o o
O CO
CO Z
»— t <
3e i£
«v a
» o
Z -t
Z -J
t-=i ic
s: a
o
c»
o
0
o>
«
•
0
o
(=1 a
>^ o
«
H- »
O o
1-4
ecu.
l-_l
i— ic3
a
CO
o<(
Ox
a UI
«Xf=
0
a.
O
0
o
a
o
*
•
o
o
o
*
o
o
2T
<(
-J
Z U
>-* —
CO C
«C
X <
UI <
**"" —
o
9
O
O
a
O
H"
UJ
o
z
_J
2
»_,
c
• Ci
.< •-
I_J >
> u
» «> 3E
0
»^: 2
:ce u
!< Z
>
•«! <
1-
t- X
O
1— 1 >
i ce *
» 1- C
i COC
: i-tce
J 0
a
aU
: 03
1 *l"
: i-
o
>-»
: ce»-
> 1- V]
> co<
: »-»c3
a«j
i »H*
: oon
• UI
4 XT
«
a.
_
<
t~
c,
t-
3> O
Z 0
z in
i— i
< z
H" ^£
Z X
o t-
to
CO (A
UI UI
(A -J
UI
X U.
t— *->
z
UI *
ce *
«t *
o. ^
J
C UI
>-
3 0
Z
-------
in * oo
<£>
mo co oo oo
CV CM
74
00
O 'O'S'CM f»>- «? ifi tM »O «"»!*». O <*> >O lA
^- CO O 00 «H -sf ^ en f**. CO CO *** *T CM ***
O tf*i If* c ^ .5^ r»"» c0 fi=, CVI <*--> CM >O CM
m CM to >o t«- in «-t
*=
UJ
Z O OO CO O p) Q OO # # f-. CO -5 * tf> *
O ^ »=-» * * «»« * •{! #
C^ CM •# *is •& •& ^
ce ce eo co o o o «r o» P-- co to co ^
~'~"^ £^j ^ -i v^-4 ^3 ^if" tP €3 t*f^ *^ t*=* 00 CO
U, 5» »O -O t/^sOvOM O •«>«=» «•*
JO CV! »•-• CV! ==•<
t/5
CD
wj oC«* ^orn^Ti) 2 in ***" **O
U! O -C CM «-< •* *=» # •$ <*
•-« o * .41 * * *
CC CM N«< W « <^ « ^J 1^ HO *!«» <>^ fc* «a> « •»>
UJ g «=i f>>. ^ NaOl^^OCJ* CM lA CM ^ «-» O
Z
-------
<-i CM co •*•«•« CM «-«
m CM O CM O =•* O •*
K» <*} o^ *•* o m
h-. CM •=< «=» CM
\O
CM
or -o •
Ul —••
o
f^k *-* «"•% *"H *"% ^"» *"* #=•»
COCOO O» O « •» •»
C5 C5 ^S ^J "^
m o o in
CM *? m CM
«? »•) «S! "ti VO «
CM «-i -a •» •»
co
GOO N.
•ft «
•ft O (^ ^=$ O4
om * o * o
«•« -ft *
•ft *
%af tt^ S»*«t4* \af «B^
co aO n-j O K, O
f«9. 0^ \f\ (\]
*=*>> ****
in in
to
X
CO
in
CM
p* eu
CM «^
o CM m cy
««
in
CM CM
C4CM
o
o «o
« *
•ft -ft
•ft «
00
r^-N.
«n
o
rt c";
CQ
>o
«n
in
Ul
0
o
(S
o o
t-i X
M5 H=
Ul ««'
GE
U.
O
to
UJ
Q.
m
cr
ui
a
z
>o * *
* -ft
•5 •£
* -ft *
OSfe <«* ftoO^OCMO
co CM in in m «» eo
^i * •» * * *
•Cc •$ *Cx ^ ^
CM »-«
CM
•ft «
•ft -ft
00 CO
eo
in m
CM CM
m m
m m
m
co
o
o
in
a »
o o
CM
I
00
o o
o o
o I-
o Ul
t*3
£E
(=•
Q
o o a
» a
o Z
CM
i o {j
Of-
Z Ul
I
<£ o
O
Ul
t=J
f=)
o o ~3*
t- \fi t~t t—
t=4 O — X
o Q o Z a tj
<: o o oc it
_J o ui o
f^l t/) C5 e^ *y QC
* *£ **5 o c* LsJ
ax x o ie 3c ax
> L.J tti «t or ui
«X N> »=• «J «t Z
o
1-4
cr
to
«£
O
i O
a to
C tiftj
«X 3C
9
a.
CO
•-I
cr
»—
z
a
o
u. to
a ui
»-«
CC Z
co a.
X X
=> o
z o
x in
Z X
O t-
CO «/)
Ul Ul
(A -J
Ul
X U.
»- **
Z
Ul -ft
QC *
< *
O. «-
Ul
I-
o
-------
~4>O N.
«
t-
o
. CM
O •» O >O CO
«r * CM •*
•B
V* V-» Vrf *_/«_/
in <» •» m ff
rn «-»o co co
o •=• c^, «~i
00 •>-• co o o
OO CO O fw O
CM « CM
*ea*«B** *••» *^N <%
«M«-« o o m
CMCM CO
76
***+ o o
o
o
in
UJ
t-
z
a
o
CC
ZJ
u.
_l
o
U3
OJ
>•
O
CMCM -0
— »CM O
*. O f>
m CM «-•
O 00 «
«t
«
<»O««tx.« CMCM OO
CVI «^« « * * «-«»4
* « «
co o
CO
<» «• a
P?) 43- fsj
O -53- CO
«» CVt
«•• in »-• CM
oo
CMOJ
N.
(V
vO
in
>-
CD
CM
R
*
*
•*
00 O CM *
1-1 ••-< -ft
o o
u.
UJ
ac
CM
O O
CO
O
a *.
-I O
Ul ^
X
CC
_l UJ
•x OB
O X
U
_ I O
UJ UI
=) a
e=*
(A
UI
UI
CC
CC
OO O
CM
in * eo «
CM * ••< -ft
* *
OO •**
CM
* o
-ft
*
CM o o o m o
CM ro >o «-<«-<
* *
* *
* *
* *
« *
* *
O O «^OOCM
• O O «O ifl «>•
O CMCM - »* CM
a
* *
* *
o m CM CM
* *
-e *
00 *«
POfO
O O
oo
N.
a a
o o
O 9
» a
o t*
« o
• «
Q a
» o
CM
o ac
I-
WJ
O
z
WJ «-«
«t I
O O
O
Z UJ
UJ
O
t=
UJ
ft
CO Q.
«t QL
H-l Z
tr «
i—
w>
»-i
o
»
O
o
OO
O
<:
Q-Q Z _J
a.z •=> x:
* at
o<4 «i o
QX X » ^ 3C
» UI UJ o
z o
z in
»-t
<< z
H- •«
Z X
O I-
o
CO
V) «O
UJ UJ
-------
CM »-«
O O 00 «H
I— CM •** w+
•» c* in
J» CO
•«
•B
CM
O\ e=4 f» O O «
<3- CM ••« *-• *
CM O <*»•-« O»
•o o f»cy o
«-» •==» CM (A «=*
CO CO *fr •* CM
***+ CM CM O
77
OO
«r -
CD
Ul
•—i
ce
Ul
z
Ul
ce
o -•«-• o
O vH 9*4
CM
<^ v^ \*t
ce min o
^ 11 Q\ Q\
> «-4 «-•
O —i—i
^*0 "fc 4
o * *
* * *
CM >^t <** \*>
•r* CO O CO
«*• o eo *
•rl -6
*
w^ C5 ^5
^, ^^
CM -^
OO
O*
(A
00 O *•=> * if*
O» O O CM N-
«r eo « CM
<* O CM CM
CM «••
CM*-< * * *
* « *
%^«^ W W «M* W
ooDin«)ir><3-
OO^iftf^'O'a'
f*.©«=«CM«-»
CVICM
CM CM * * <*
•*•+ * * •*
* *
^**-* V^ *•* ^»^
OJCM •a-* CM
OO f<^
CMCM CM
* -ft * O
* * *
* * *
•B *
« *
* *
*=<«»»
«»> fn
00 «H
N. N. CM
^O ^3 OO
•o «o > N- »-• ^T-^
*^ ^ -i
to
_J OCC
UJ »-«
X 00
>-
-I CCU.
•w «O
o =>
ZM
_l «O
ZJ
u.
^5 ^|^ ^3 c^ *O tf^ ^
O
-------
78
CM
r»- f- o
i^ o ^
m o> '9
>. o> m ("•-
CM —«o> CM co
•>=> N- »O >O
in m
oo oo co
in in 10 eo «-i in
N. co co o ox
CM f"» «=« OO
'O'O
««-• CMCM
in m
in in
oo
in
CO
in
in
CM
z
o
tx.
:D
u.
O
•
CM
QX O* *
*
CC N> O N-
tij w« f1^ CO
> CO N-
o
*"** *"^ x«* ^^ *°s
CM O CO « *
*+ -V *
•6 *
o
in
o o
00 O> « -6 lf> O
•~* * «
•ft «
-
CD
WO
Ul
CO
CM *•«* v-^ w
I CO O O
•«-> «ar «o in
• »-iN, (*»
CM —i *
*
*«* »«*> "Crttf V^ W
o o m in «-« CM o
o ro m ^-i
* *
•a *
•k •*
w»\»»
OO
CMCM
COCO
**%
ON
ro
N.
CM
CM CO
tO
«-t I.I
o K-CC
-J o or
Ul ^4
Im
UJ
>~
-i cr u.
•-t < O
0 13
ce co
_J CO Q
Ul UIZ
=} U.<
U. bO
•^
-J O
«Z X
13 »-
O w
*•«
to
Ul
or
u.
o
CO
^
0
1—
CO
1
•
ro
1
U
Ul
_J
CD
O <
o o <
» oc
O CM CV
f*\ ^*
in eo *
• *
0 «
cr o c\
ui «r cv
O m r"
z
z>
CO
^"»
^
>-« i— «
QC
»- fr-
C/5 o
»-« »-•
o cr i-
K- V
Cfl «9
>-.c
a «,
0»=
O cf
• <1
-l
c x
30
> «x
_l
> ««
>CL
:o_
«E
*^ <^| «?^» *=~\ #-N
IA * CO
st •^-t ff t^~ O
m «=* «-«
v-l w*
CO O * * •»>
* * *
* * *
» O ro H. (O
in ro •«-•
o o o o
* ^ o o
» o o c»
O » t> *
« 0 » »
•» r o
o o o d
« 0
O r> o
CM 0 O
M 0 *' f-'
h-« »5J LJ |jj
O »-
»— Z UJ <* a
O o <»
•-< z <* o to
cr
»•< o Z «£
Q CLO Z «J
°a,z M *:
«o m
ro » «
CM <*«
tf^S tf1^ ^^ tf^ tf^
Z U, «
t>MC9 «-« _I _J
O ZJ
CO t/5 O «x
o«S «^,
O vO\O « J(t CO
* * ro
« *
o «r<- oo CM
«3'^1 N.^ >C
W-IW4 0)
IT
^** (P^^!^ ^^ ^^ ^«^
* * * COCO IT
+ * * ro
•e « «
^* V^tuf I^V^ »J
m inw* mm «») inm CM
roro rr
CMCM CO
o » «
O o c
00 <
o o «
0-0 «
» • <
0 0 <
<* o a
o o Q
00 fl
• • <
o > c
o 1— 1 a > c
a *•» <
• H-3E *- c
» O O » c
»-*>• •-• •
a ce^c act- «
0 »-0 I~«J «
>-» t*JO WJ«t c
x «=*cr »-*a «
Ul O OO •
x cr «
>JjJ »K=
3t ox ocn _j
Ul a»-> »UI -
CO
Ul
•—I
z
4
a.
x
o
o
o
z
»-t
»-
z>
1 CO
»— 1
ce
i-
z
a
0
*^
u.
O Ul
»«4
ce z
Ul «C
CD a.
X X
• z> o
Z 0
*
* z in
» >— •
• < z
> 1— <
> Z X
O 1-
> t>
> to
• OO CO
> UJ Ul
(A -J
Ul
• X U.
> »- •-«
z
> Ul *
» ce «
» «t *
ii a. «-•
»
Ul
I—
o
z
-------
CM ~«
in * N. o «o
9 * CM «-i
ex *
« CM *
79
-«—• CM CM
o CM co
<» o m
CO CM m O CM
^ CM OO CM9
«=« o **
O* >O <*> «-•
«o o <=« in
<* CM -*
•-4 «-4 N» K- ro
co «O «•« •* N-
«•« CM CM O
O O PO
«=•«-• CM
UI
I-
Z
O
u
cc
u.
o
•
CM
o o o
o> o in * «
* *
* «
CM O « « ^^
^« OO
CMCM 00«0
<*>
o
o
o
m
UI
»—1
a:
UJ
cc
co in *
o *
• *
CM *—' *-* w^
I O CO CM
«H O PO ^O
» O\ ^^ ro
Ox O ••» * vO
*
* O * O
* *
* *
OO
CM CM
O*
N.
ro ^f o^
ro «• ^
<^ CMCM
«r o o> o |f>
CMCM ^ <» O
fwK. O
co
%H
O K.OC
_l CMC
UJ -«•«
x m
x
_l O U.
*4 Qt O
o <
Z O)
-I O
o o o
o -«
CM CM '
in in
o o
CM CM
in «
CM *
«
^^ «^ ^^
CO CM '
« CM i
CO »•
« * O
* «
* *
«o
^i
O
mm
m in
OO
« «
* *
* *
fO
O O> ~*
tn
UJ
O
o
ts
< X
z> »-
o «-,
»M
CO
UJ
cc
u.
o
in
•
o
ac
u
o
oo * *
•* *
« *
eo o
m * « * * *
•^ * * « * «
-e * * * *
<» ro *« «4O <*1
•H o> CM in "-1
«*>
«-«—>
ac
U. CO
o u
o
o
I
o
UI
_I
OB
CO
i—
i—i
or
»-
CO
»-»
a
O
» » o a
o o a •
* » o •
o a o o
-^ CM
* t—I a l
o o
o o •-«
U1U1 «->
»-< •-> z
Q
o
Q
O O
O -« Z
QC U. «*
a »
o
O
UJ
o
»o
»-«a •-• j -ix
o => u
O XX _
» ui ui
MO co<
e-tCC »-*o
O 00
m a.
x x
=J O
z o
z in
•—•
< z
co
U3 CO
UI U
fcO _l
UI
X U.
H> >-i
Z
UI *
cc *
«t *
a. M
ax
QtO
• UJ
o
a.
-------
* * o
* -It
* *
o o
*
*
«
•B O * O * O
•» * *
•* « *
rom o
«r o «-• o «*>
-H CM O
fn CM
•>*
* *
OO
80
oo <»
oo
CM
Ul
h-
Z
o
o
o * * o * o o * o oooooo oo
• * * * *
CM * * * «
tr
txJ
o
oo^o oooooo oo
oo «
OO «-i
tn
>-
OQ
oc
Ul
z
»—I
u.
Ul «•"»
CC CO
_t
X O Ul
O N.OC
* * O * O -S O O OOOOOO OO
o * * * *
• * * * «
CM *•** ^^ v^ ^=<* %=<* **<* «»^ ts/ *fc** is*? **af %** «•*» **^ **f*»*r
i «»-<»o r«.or».oo oooooo oo
»* CM (V •«•<»•
00
*
*
*
OO >-4
N. CC
ooo *o*oo oooooo *«
* * * *
* •» * *
OO -ft
o CB a
X
-I U CO
u. o
o «-> o
o
O £M O
00
oo
ID
» o
o
» cs
> Ul
tvi
ff1 e» CD-
»- H- o Z
(/) O o
»-« *-• z
Q act- <.
o »=-
t- Z Ul
o
«-• z «»<
or < o!
O •—i O i
OO «t Q «t
o
*->
Ul
a
O o O a Z a
M Z o e-«
CE U. «t o O
CK
QL 00. 02: _j
• «t ft " Q. Z •"» iC
-iz:a
• o
a. a.
W3 3 Z I*,
e-< C3 »-«_».
O 3
^5 (^ ^31
O X X o;
» Ul Ul
03
•-I
Q£
I-
z
o
o
U. —I
CC Z
Ul •«
m a.
XX
z o
z tn
« z
»-
-------
* * O ^000
*+
-a*
* O * O
* *
O ••»<•"• O
f- CO CO
o> o «-« in co ^<
CM
**
* *
* *
*— * *-*
eo«o
* * O
* * CM
* *
^* ^ *"^
CM CM **
*- ^ *
«<> CM
81
z
Ul
I-
o
o
ir
13
u.
o * * o
• * *
CM * *
QC
Ul
«o >o o
CM CM
« o « « o « o o o * o * * oo
* * * * + * *
* * * * * * *
-^ i^S \^ **J t^ \^ \^ ^S **J W *•* *"^ *»^ ^"^ *^
O O f>«- CM O *-»O O O «-«O «=*«=• OO
CD
tA
Ul
1-4
or
ooo -» o * o o
o * *
* * *
CM **** *^ *** ^^ *^ v^ **^ ^^
I OOO CO O OO O O
ft mm
OO O O O O * *
« *
•» *
«~»<_» «=»v* w» «-• «-»v*
oooooo
00
OO
^. cr
co
CK (/>
_l
X «->U
O t^QC
ce occ
ooo *o*oo
* +
* *
OO O O OO OO
CO »1 ^XlkrfV* KX«-«*-
in in o> »^ eo
* * * o * o
•» * * *
« * « «
it •»
* *
* *
Oro >o O *WO CM CM
CM «-• «-*«-«
« « CM
* * *-•
CMCM K.
in
Ul
_l
CD
o
^-1
cc
o
•^
cc
o
O
i-t t-t Z
00«I
»-< o
a u
o 1/3
»•<
I
o
a.
a.
«-l Z
CC<
t— »-i
00
•-*
a
CM O CJ »-•
»»=*=- »=<
<>U Ul Ul *-<
a t~
Z Ul ^ «i t=-
o
>-> z
ecu. <
Ul
e»
a. a z
a.z »-«
o
z
z
•-•O «-« —I -J X
O Z> Ul
OO lO O <* Z
»< «t o
OX X oiC 3E
aUI Ul 4 QC Ul
cr it
H- O
07 O
t-ice
o
cc
oUJ
ox
CCI->
H-tf)
00
ot=
QoO
Ul
O
u
o
z
CD
t-4
cc
I-
z
a
o
r*
U. oo
O Ul
CD O.
Z X
o o
z o
z m
a
Q.
00 M
Ul Ul
IA -J
Ul
X U.
ce «
-------
•flC
»—
O
* * O CMOO-H* •* * * O * O
* * *i * * *** *
* * *#**•» *
<•)«*> O room^OCM
«-«»•« t- 00 «O
CM CM «r O fOO«-»CMO OOOOOO «P-I •-» OO CM
CD
U)
Ul
t—i
CC
CM
t
ooo * o * o o oooooo ««
* * •* *
* * * *
OOO -« O »-« O O OOOOOO CMCM
1*1 f) »-l f+
oo
*
*
00 ro Q,
2 -J-
2: ^1 llJ
O N. (T
OC O CC
U. »4 «C
CO
_l >-
•-> ce u,
O 4| O
15
-J CC 40
UJ 00 Q
=> utz
ooo *o«oo oooooo -a* oo *
o * * * * *
• + * -tt * «
i ooo momoo oooooo CMCM oo N.
CM
UI
z
a.
UI
-I
CO
O
1-4
QC
»-t
H-
O
N^
tr
i-.
v
*
Qr
»
9<
*
O
»
9
O
&
*
0
»
9
|~
tA
g»
•
o
o
o
*
»
4»
«-*
0
a
2T
"Z.
*t
t— »
a
o
•
*
*
*
c»
fit
CM
*=4
f^-e a
O
*- •%.
O
^™* "35,
CK *C
1- ^-»
o
*
o
4&
*
•
a
*
a
0
O
1^
U
*l
GH
™»
0
•>
c>
»
O
tfx
o
«
O
£=,
UJ
%
c»
I™1!
(=» >™»
UJ N«l
«K |-
* O
r
«
a
z
» ^
j _j
> ri
>
1
* ^
<*
O
0
o
1™*
UJ
«*
*
o
z
<£
t
Z
*»«
(V
o
a
o
•-• oo »-i o»-)
o o- »-*
cc ^e:
»-o i—vj
ZU.4I-* COO UX
e-i _l _| X •-« CC «-»O
3 UI O OO
10 C3 a, I CC
O COOL
-* *:
«»-• z o
Q x x »
o UJ UI «*
«r 8- M- _J
fl»
a.
a
UJ
m
>-4
or
o
o
•-»
u. to
O UI
>-•
CC Z
UI <
co a.
z z
=3 O
Z O
< z
t- <
Z X
O I-
o
10
to
UI UI
(A _J
UI
X U.
»fc •-•
z
UI *
ac *
<£ *
a. •"
ui
H-
o
-------
83
* * o
_i * *
«r * *
fr— «M* W V^
o <»> <»> o
i- in in
o «-« * *
»•• * *
* «
* o * * * o * *
* * * * * *
* « -tt « * *
o
CM
CM
CMO
CM
in O O eoeo
* *
* -ft
« *
w w
in in
CM CM
IV- N.
CM
CO
m
z
o
o
o * * o
• * *
CM * *
O
oo o o o o
« *
* *
oo o o o o -»«=•
* *
* *
* *
in tn
in
CM
tn
to
X
CD
tr
ui
* * O * O •* O O OOOOOO «« OO
o * * * * * *
• * + * * * *
(M *h^ *>^ ^-* ^-* *-^ *«^ *-* *"^ ^^ *•* *«** **-* W *-* *n*W %^ ^^
I -4-4O OOOOO OOOOOO OO OO
I.I <%
o: i/i
OK»O: ooo mo«o« oooooo oo oo in
tx oac o * •»
U. «H 4 •> # «
CQ —4 «^xx«-' <->vxv^w/<-> <_rw>«^%y%^v/ »->%> ^ « v^
_| X I OOO -4O»-«OO OOOOOO OO OO «-«
»-> O U. -O fOCM-4 to
o oca •
«t o
-I X tO
ui a
o
u
O
X
in
tr
ui
o
z
* * o
+ *
«-»»* o
in o « o «
* *
O O O> <*>
* o * * * o
* * * *
* * * *
* + * *
* * * *
* * « «
ojo N. m o o
CM -*
(0
CM
CO
ui
X
a.
o
UI
_l
00
o
t—«
ac
>-
fcO
•_<
o
» o o o
a «
« o «
CM U O •-<
»_« «» I—• *»• M=«
1-4 »O Ui UI •—'
o Z
: i— zu % «* t-
_ o » o o » o
1-4 z «-»z«oio •-• z
ce»-«t ac-totoz iru> «c
to «t x to
«-t O O »-«
a o •< a
a MO.
-•to.
1 US f
•
a.
• < *z <
a a.a z _i
• a.z •-• 3.C
c o
«< • o
_J a o
z u,« >•=«
»^O •-» _J_| X
O => UI
to «/> o « x
»•< <: o
ox x os£ a:
•ui ui *x ce ui
_i«* z
cc x:
i-o
a
ac
eUl
ox
ffl»-
(/>
1^
a
to
•f
o
o
»«-
(/)
to
t-i
ae
t-
z
o
o
^>
u. to
O UI
1-4
tr z
UI <
ao a.
X X
3 O
z o
z in
o »-
to «/>
ui ui
10 _»
UI
X U.
UI *
ac *
< *
a. «-•
ui
»-
a
-------
a
* * o
* *
* •*
«-'»«» v^
or O CM CM
f» CM
oo —•
mm
00
CO
u
»—
z
a
o
cr
z>
u.
•I
o
QC
UJ
•* * O * O -K O O OOOOOO OO OO *
* * * * *
* * * * *
*t
CD
(A
Ul
i— t
CC
U
Z
CM
I
* * o
* *
* *
<~*s«» vx
o> o- o
* O « O O OOOOOO
* *
* *
o «r o o oooooo
OO
00
oo *
*
*
OO
Ul W)
CC -I
O LJ
H> N» ce
«t 0> £C
«-* <
O CO
_1 CC
Ul Ul U.
at GO o
z
_l Ul 1/3
t-t O Q
O Ul Z
00 O
o
•
«-t \~*1^> **>
I OO O
w
o
* o * o o
« «
* *
W «H^ ^X ^^ «te^
m o «*> o o
•d « o «
* * *
* * *
o o
OO
•» *
« *
CM O «* O O
CX CM
oo
a.
x
o
Ul
=)
U.
a
z
u.
a
o
o
in
I
o
OD
O
X
• * +
o * *
CC **•• v*
Ul •*"* v*
a
z
*
*
CM
* * * o * o oo
* + * *
* -B * *
(j^/ ^.ji 11^ n^ ^j« %^ *«^ S^
C*^ f*=» 4$* ^O Of C} Gt £}
OK- CM
OO N.
%•* **t v*
OO OO
CM
oo
o
•-«
CC
t—
(A
•-<
0
0 C»
e> o
0 0
» «
« V
« *
o »
• •
o
* *^
•-4 » •
»o
t~ • z
o «
*-« z
ce»- «t
1— «/3 •-«
10 C* »
o « « a
» o e a
o » » »
» '•
« & »
f^l C 5 f >
^V w/ %^
»=» Ofr=> {«•
>-i » O Ul bJ
O 1—
1- Z Ul <* e,
O a o>
»-4 Z •* 0 WJ
CC «* o *O Z
H> f»t y »HI a
»— i 2
oeu.<
^^ •
I- •
UJ o
»
<* a
a o
z <»
< 0
«J «
Z a
»—l
a
(~_I-J »o
f> Z3 Z U, ^ •=•
»-«O >-• _JJ X
O => Ul
tfl W5 C3 c, x
ax x »jc x
•Ul UJ - »-l
ceic CEI-
H~ O 1— VJ
co a t/5«c
•-•cc *-«o
0 00
CC
ax ou> _i
o»= »Ul «t
o
z o
z in
>-4
(O
Ul Ul
W> -I
Ul
Ul *
CC *
< *
Q. v
Ul
»-
o
-------
in in o
a «• « o
t- CM CM
O O
«o o *
•ft
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
85
o co r>- —•
-* CM
mo
« K. o
CM CM
mtn
in
UJ
t-
z
o
o
ce
u.
o « « o
• -ft *
CM -ft *
ce
u
o o o
O> O*
CM CM
•ft O * O O
•ft -ft
•ft *
W *•* W W «M^
in o in o o
oooooo oo oo
oo
oooooo oo
*
*
*
w
in
o
CM
CD
tr
UJ
z
(-4
U. *N
UI o
UI 00 CO
O VI «•*
M O « K. «i
m CM
* * * *
•ft -ft -ft *
* « -ft •»
oomoN-o CM CM -l
tr
H-
I—I
o
•
o
<«
o.
CM
•
o
OO »-«
1- l-l
UI M
»-« *-t z •-»;
« •-•
< X
o o
O 4
» • t>
«> O W5 »-* Z
»- fl
ce se cei-
(/> O.
4 Q.
UI 4
OO.
• O.
4 4
CO O Z U. 4 «-i COO
O 3 UJ O
• 4 4 • *UJ
O X X *^Z OX
4 O
•
OL
M>4
00
m
fi
ce
a
o
«*•»
U. (O
O UJ
1-4
ce z
UJ <
m a.
z x
3 O
Z O
z in
i- <
Z X
o >-
o
CO
UI UI
Ml -1
UJ
UJ -ft
ce *
< *
a. v
ui
H-
o
-------
in o
86
_J
<
O CM CM O *H O
>- o o in
in in
* -d
•<> f\J
CM
CMK.
•-( C*t
z
UJ
V-
z
a
o
u.
1/5
>•>
CD
to
UJ
QC.
O « « O •* O •£ O O OOOOOO OO
• * * 9 -tt
CM * * * *
a:
ur
:>
o
i/> o m o o oooooo oo
oo
oo
*
*
CM
* * a « o # o o oooooo
o * * * •»
» * * * *
1 CO CO O >OO>OOO OOOOOO »•««•«
•I CO CO
* «
* «
* *
O O
O O
*
*
*
Vrf
in
o
in
»= K. CC
-
Ul QC U.
3E •« C
_i ce to
>-i m a
O UJ Z
u. «r
•ft « O
o « «
o * *
«4 V^ ^X •!—'
I CM CM O
>o o o
* CM CM
o
•s o *
•St «
* *
o o
•ft
o o o o
oo
oo
*
*
V
N.
in
cu
UJ
=5
U.
O
X
in
o
CC
Ul
o
* * o
* «
* «
* O * * -P
* * * *
« « « *
* * * O * o
* * * *
•» * « *
* *
o o
CM cy
>O O CO •*» CM
f^ CM
CM«»
i O O O CM CM
m
* +
* *
* «
•o -o
o
to
o
a
H-
CO
I
•
in
I
o
Ul
CD
o
oc
t-
tS)
Q
O Or
O
CM
O
»- • Z
O o
»-i Z
CC t- <£
|~ 1/5 f-»
«/> «« I
»-• O O
Q O <
Ul
o
a.
ou
O
•— •
CC
»-«-*«!
in 3T.J
«-• O f"i
Q O «* 3E
ox x • *: a:
i»U4 Ul « CC Ul
o
»-»>- •»
ce
t—
in
f-4
a
O
O
tr
oc
U
X
UJ
1-4
Z
«t
o.
z
o
o
CO
•—!
QC
H-
z
o
o
U. I/)
O Ul
QC Z
Ul •«
CO O-
z> a
z o
z in
1—I
- <
Z X
O H-
o
(O
(/> U)
Ul Ul
«/J —I
U)
Ul *
QC «
-------
87
in
CM CM O
r-- N-
\o
CM CM
* * CM
* * CM
* *
w v^ *->
O
u.
o
o
CM
cr
UJ
o
* * o
* «
* «
« O « O O
* •>
•0 *
oooooo oo
in o in o o
oooooo
oo
* « «
* * *
•b « *
O*
OO CO
•S -6 O •& O « O O
O * * -ft -ft
• -ft * * «
CM «•»»-»*•* v-l <^ -
CD
1/3
CT
UJ
U. *•»
UJ
oe
•^ <
O CD
_J X.
til O U.
x at o
«
-J Z tf)
•-• a
a x
_l CO
UJ 3 f~* *~* '•"•
^ o in * * o
u. x • •> *
i- o * *
«•<•
cr « «*>
z z
o
(O
o o
• »
t> o
o o
O 9
O O
o o
o o
•{cOOOOO -ft-ft OO *
« * •» •* -ft
•ft « * * «
OOOOOO CM CM OO O
CM CM tn
LO
•ft 4>
•ft O
W «M» V^ *M/
CM O
mo « « *
•» •» *
« * «
o o
oo * *
U)
UI
O
u
o
=>
CD
o >o
•CO CO
*<» o
in
i
o
UJ
_l
CD
C/J
» O
o o
9 O O O
a o o o
o a o o
o o o o
o o o <>
o o c> o
» o o o
o o o a
» o
CM 00
i o t= S"=
i o o UJ UJ
o o o o o
o o o w o
o o o o a
o a o o o
o o o o o
o o »O «
o • <» ^ »
o o o UJ o
0009
O 9 O C\ o
O » O 9 o
o o <*O °"
*
o
O fr-
>- Z UI •» c,
** °*
•-« i-t Z e-lZ<*OtO
Q CT t— •< QC •*'•:> O? Z
»_ CO >-• (_»-.Ji-4«
CO «t X fc»X_J3Bi£
i—i a o N^ cj *~*
O O ^ Q ^ c* ex
U o O
>-• Z
ecu. «t
cr *: cr »-
I— O I— «/>
»-• .J.J x i-*
3 UI O
U!
Q.
a.
OOLO Z _J
»0- Z f* ^
«t x: ae
»uj ui
av>
U. CO
O UJ
»-*
cr z
uj
-------
S~* 4*°* f~* fc^ ^*N rf*> #•% *=^ ^** **"\ **** ?"* tf11^ C1"^ «=*% f=<%, f** O O
<-O OO CM •* O « OOOOOOOOOOPO
e-t «-4 # <* •; 1
O O O«~OOOOOOOOOO
cc a
Z3
u.
>- inm**ooooooooooooin
CO O * *
«-i I <9 in CM ^ CO
o*-l
_J «-*
LJ
O *•»
u. to
_l
- IO t-
U> 3 Z>
n *^N *^ «TN a~\ ,r\ tf"s ^^ ^% tf*\ tf>\ f** 6*\ (?*> f^ tf-\ 0*\ r*i CD
_[ X -OeOOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOeO »-i
^ooOA0oo "™^ ^£
o » o » » » at y o« o»oaoo»o 3C O
^ ooooooa O <»» oi»»a»o« Z
• ••••«cx/; « » «•••••• »— z
IjJ a » » CT »nj CVJ f1" O'^oooooao Z^
I o » 9 o LlJ ^ f=" o o o "-t— aUJ»<»«>l~»«><»» OH-
«t |U-»e»-iOt>C5a^i oooUJ^aeo
H" O « a N* *=* e*«* fc^3* o<£ciaoc> oo»o l/> I/)
i— loaZN- DCQi>*Q oo ooaooao UJ(/>
»-lf-5t O» ao.oo.aoo tObJ
1/3 1/3 aXa o»^o»»o LJ— J
1/3 fr- « >- J e-« »-t <* Z o o U..J »Z » o X
_laoQo3Qo^»a Z»-»
ZUJ 2Z_J<7s^2T»CJZ»t-o!> LU
uj_jx<<£t=iwz««u,
Of— e-i c-i 5-<«t.-J»J<:
Lvl
a. a. z *=* ic uj w oa: LUO LU a
-------
tv o --H * o * * ooooooooom
«S CO »-• 1T> fVI O »< «-» O O O OOOOOOO
t— O »* •» ITI CM f*>
oo «n in o
o*o««o«*ooooooooo*
o -B * -B fl •» «
O OC »" tVI
O LU
3»
£E O
>- irin**oo
U.
eo
«C
«t »-t LJ
fw QC »B¥*^«»»i=»ii«>0=»^=>««>-
u. cr u. » oo -• -« |w O ^ O O OO O OO O O OOO OK.
z o: to ro m
OH UN- h- K.
UJ O
»- Z
00 00 9 «J 1C
o«ckOc»a»(7^£; oo ooo»oi>c>(> Z O
1. 1 » a » o «p4 CM H* O a oooo»ao Z 4
_j o»ao UJ a t— oo oO « • » » O I
QD » a O o h- >— oujo^oj— oooo O I—
fr™4 ft • ^d ^^ Of Q£ ^* ^^ 90 oo^tto 90 (^1 V)
(y i Q ^ Z ^* I** 3£ O ^ oooo»oo Ut) tiJ
Z_J4(O(/> 03;° oo O O O -»<» SCI-< UJ
to a. a. a z _»x x r> v: i o to i- »-
-------
z
UJ
o
cc
CD
«H U
N- CC
O CC
<
Z CD
>-
U.CC U.
0«C O
=>
10 CC M
^00 O
oui z
c u. ««*«* « *
m^r^*-io—10000 o o o o oo« in
CC CO i^~ PO CM
UJ »-i CM
a
•>o in * * o o* ooo o o o o oo N-
o * * *
CM O >O «-i rr> O OCMOOO OOOOOO CM
«-« h^ rO <*i ^»
»
«-l
O * +
»-i in cv fo o o OCMOOO OOOOOON-
I O^ *^ flO ^^
^ px v«t iQ IK-
•
O
<'COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO«O
Oxxx-'wxxv xxxxxx xxxx v-< xx xx ^^ xxxx xx
N. Of-OO OOOOO OOO O OO N-
oc to ^ ^} ^Q
o
z
* • ft O » O » <4 «9 9«»« vv •
* • • • 9 O O CS O« OC»«4»«»O
»-iCM*— O« « » » o » » »
• bja » o >— • «« •
^ O & V9**««*
^» 4X 2T * ^ CO CO » X • • o -«>£:uj UJOQCUJ oui a
o
o
OD
»-i
cc
*—
z
o
O V)
UJ
UJ Z
CD X
z o
o
z
M in
a x
o »-
CO (A
LiJ CO
U} hi
UJ -I
X
h- U.
Z —i
UJ
ae *
•at *
at »
UJ
»-
a
-------
^ ^ r* n r^ r* f^ ?-* ,-, ,7- ^ ^ ^ ^ «^ ^ 91
<»• OCM* o * * ooooooooom
co »-> cvj 1*1
mN- «n
CM «-• tvi
Z O****O*OOOOOOOOOO*
Ul ••»«-H«* «
^- C\J V^ X«» V^ ^^ **» ^^ «^^ %^ ^X >^r «^r
2 OK-»-«»^O»*OOOO
c CE PO oo in
<_> UIM oa
>
cr o
r>
u.
CO
ao o
i in o^ ^ cv m
<*) m N.
u.
«fr
^. rtf
«OOOO«OOOOOOOOOO>
O --"< O * *
~y ffi *v^ ^^ ^^ \^ ^^ ^^ ^H/ x^ *•* x^ ^^ x^ \,^ %^ ^XK^ v^
x »*—«« DC
CMOOJOOOOOOOOOO4DOOCM
QC
LkJ O
K- Z U. *•*
z> o ««
^ UJ
_| OC •+
=3 UJ Z
CD m <
z a.
.a»»»aa^i>a<>»«a»o« ZO
1. 1 o » o w v^ CM ^ O o »o»a»a* Z ^
I • « a o UJ °i ^*~ ° o«o « •« o O ^
CD » o o « H- I— obJaoaf— •«»• OH-
< f— »»i-it>t>t>*iC •«»UI»»«»
^— (j «• o t— •— «»=«»-i» »ZH-CCO:>-O «o oae» *«« « faJ
OC_tOo» UJ — I
UO!~— U.
O < _J » o Q »Z> O a < a a Z »-«
ZUJ Z Z — » » UJ
»-UJ_IX<4»-«(^Z-i •-< *-<«I-J_l^_J.o3«O« <«*
XX«ac^£Z=3ZZi-
-------
*•> /••* *"^ *"% »*^ !?•% ^^ *"*> »^ *^ O * vO * * O * * OOOOCO
•-• «-l «-l •& >O « f) •5JCVI fw »-« O
- O m CM «*> «•< CM
—• ^t CM
O«OK.mN-OO***O**OOOOO
iz ujeoN-ro'O tn
ID > K CV CV CM
b. O
QQ r*t, t~\ *°> ^"> e~\ tf°N *"«* *^*^ ^'i *=*•» *»«. *^» sr1^ *** jf"<* f-\ tf"5*
00* *4PGO-* *OOOOOOOOO
i N- eo »n rn co >o
~i -< m «-»
U.
*-%
_l co
<£ _l
r> o LJ to
^3 ^^ fy tf=» tf^^ tf^ 6^* (^=-» ^"i ^^ 4^» *=> tf«^ (t^v #^4 ^=> £^ i?^ tf="% i^* ^J
«-iO>tr eom^-'«io*-{t*oo*ooooo«-' «-i
l/><-*4 O ***i* « «-i 2
oc ir «~>ooooiinoo<^*oooc>oo a.
LU u. ih-^>ocMPoroiri m <» z
U. DD O «CMir>vO <«><^ «*) =-« O
o a: »^ >c oo o
LJ U) O
«/3 O O O
*: uj z z
o o «t »-i
O U3 fr-
»- 13 =>
^3 C3 **^ *^ ^^ **^ ^^ '"^ *"^ *^** ^^ **"* **^ ^** tf^ **^ *** *^ e*^ CD
I ootn*oo*ooo+*ooooeo •-<
-J fr- <» * « •»* OC
>^ %af ^^ *^ %y ^
z «3-oegcsjooi>».oooinOi!Q«t©oco z
>-i ocoo m cvtvi coo
Z UIK- P^- CM O> O
CC. O »•« «i ««
UJ Z U. «
»— Z3 O ««
UJ
1C OC •-•
-t UJ Z
=7 CD 4 CM H* O oaaooaoo Z^
UJ * O » O UJ ^ ^* O O O CJ • A 9 9 f"*l *^
«J « « O o ^~ H- c*UJ^ <* •» ^ <»w »• O !>•••
CD H- « » s— < O O O "* 2£ o o o UJ o o o s
at-loo
Ul «o
Z>- _J
iC H- «l UJ
3et>-
io a
-------
q-j
r^ f~* ,m f^ m s^ - * O O * «OOO*O>
74 4i 41 41 4i 41 4« - <»> CM co PO »-« •wcvi
^ CM
Ul «*"* •="* "^ f^> 6=** f*** if^ f^ <^^ f^ f^* 's^t
>- OCO'Oin»OOO**OO4!-Si
Z • 41 -0 4< •»
O PO«=»«=-l's-»OOtv>«^OOCOcO
trtrifir^O'. eo^ *3-Pi
CC UJ«-»CMr')ir> «r ro
^5 > O »-* £V) OOOOOtftOOOOOOOCO'i!r
!OlT>f>^F>-- fi IfiO
-J vHCNJCMWO tT> Of^
Ul » CM •-< CM IT>
<. _J
13 »-» Ul «/3
5-< O> CC 004i
1/3 »-i - »4O»OOxOCVIoO>OMOOO'«-'OOOOO> QL
ecu. itn^CMCMfim—i cvo- ««o x
th.«D ««[T«>4o»<^ •«» z z
O •* «-"
O U) t=-
H- Z) =>
ootn'OOOOO'QD z
>-« irtno'C N- cvo evi«r o
X Ul O CC IM N.OO
CC O •" <**
Uf Z U. «-«
h- Z) O V)
Ul
^ tr «-•
—1 Ul Z
Z> CD «t
CD 2E 0.
oo ^ooooaoo oaooooo Z) 2C
ooc*r><*ooo»
o • «• » • « »oto •••<><>••••
o a o a fr=* H=- o Ul ooo ^— o o o 9
DC I— oos-tOOO*^ »o>UI»<»o«
< O»»^»^=='f=«tc='<>oc» oo»o
I— >-H o o Z N~ Qi CC ^" O oa r>aC4»»o&
ZUI ZZ^to«flZ"C3Zoe-<>o UJ
^U. -SOZH-o (K*
OUI»-«OOO
-------
94
O
O
a:
^>
u.
CO
a
UJ
3 -< UJ
o h- er
•-» o o:
(/>*-»<
LJ m
a: >-
cr u.
Ik. < O
a =>
ac i/)
co m o
X UJ 2
O U.
CO O
•**««« •* * *CM
OOv ^ <*) in ro <*> o
«•« CM
* O O * * O O O * •-•
• * * + * * •**
*~«COCM«-«OO»OOO o> N. o o o <» o
uj i*> co ^ in ^t •-> CM «-i coto
> ,
o* ** * ^ *-•'
CMaO«OCMO»«OtnOOOOOOOeOCM
»^inm«'ir> «*> eos.
• CM *i CM Ifl v
«-•
(O
o«oo«***oo-k*ooo«in »i
o^*^ **+* * -n *«-• z
eoroino om ««• z
o
o
z
•—I
»-
yDOOin-koo-KOoo-o-kOoo**-! >-•
» «« •« -ft * -^ QC
fiO ^5 4O '^ CJ ^5 ^D C^ ^5 *O C^ UTl ^!? O^ C5 C? *^ 2C
Q^ N- CM lO *CT v*4 fO ^» *f C3
LkJ OO GO ^** *** "^5 CO ^^
O —< CM
Z U. *~*
=7 D CO
UI
ec *-«
^^ 21
m «t
X •.«•*»«•.<><•>•••»• =3Z
......o^;. ........ zo
o.. .*.«<;.. ....... o
.,o«.o.Q. ..«..»... Z
....... ......... t_in
................. <
. • • • • «OtO ••••••••• »-Z
oooovlCMt— t>». . a . . • v Z<4
e o o o Ixf ^ H~ • . • O • • * * O X
. o O « t— I- »UJ«.<.t— »»•» Ot-
^. ........ UICO
CE —iO 4Z^-^—^C O»"*«»*«>». W9UI
»-tO__j^»— OO* •*•*_! .»-«» I— U.
ZUI ZZ_J«*OZ»OZ«N-» UI
H-UI_IX«t«l»-«cOZ- _l
co
-------
95
«o CM co *
»— »-tOO*CMr>-ro<1OCVI
OO O f»»O <"•» m M
i— co «r o f> »-<
000*0
* »4
»•- >o o o o «*> «r
COO ^ in
c*> CM CO N.
i*>^
CM
z
UI
o
o
ct
r>
u.
OCOo cv •«•
o
OO
er
-<<
ui en
tx x
o u.
1^ DC O
O «t
Z CO
co o
•s.
QC
Ui
m
i
O
UJ
_l
CO
•-« *«-!•&««* * •& «-i
»* O K. ro »* «~i O >O O
O
>O « O IT, * OO* OOO * * OOO *«->
« * -a * * * «-«
3^ © ^f C3 ^S ^3 ^ft C? CJ ^3 CS ^M (^
c^ c^ *™* ^o f^
Uico co CM »•* «4ro
O «"< «"* CM
z
r>
• O OO * » ft O O • 99 •• ft 0 • ^
• » » o a * O CO ft* o» **€>•.
O O O O q°4 CVJ I™*1 CJ * i* O » » » OO
* » a » |jj c^ ^— • o » t_J a o » *
9 * O O t*3- fr=~ O UJ O » * t— « O *
I— « » fr»* o O O * id 9 « o tij o c *
O a »(»»~46»4M4a~ O oo o«<^*« a
QC «£ O <1 2£ >* ^— VT Oo10'*^1**0
2 —t ^ i/) (O o ZE ° o » ^ a o *
•^ H» -nrJ fr^ l™t ^ Z O O JJL ^ O Z •
^-»O_J'-4 *
^_t CV O (^ Cd ^J f*l O i^C O
7!UI ZZ_I«COZ »OZ »»- «
t— UI_JX«S«t«-«COZ«£U, «SOZH-
1/5 Q {— t~t t-i *-i-
(~ -«Z«I«I<«^
co a.a.oz_ixx:D*::xo
ui z
CD «X
z a.
=> z
z o
o
o x
CO CO
UI CO
I/) UI
UI -J
X
t_ u.
z •-•
UI
0£ «
-------
CM *•» o«^ o <•• »n *•» «•>*»
*.«•» O«T CO •-« O O <0« «•» o o o <*><•> ro«n
• K. K. K.
W "O « «
(V CM CM
oe «p «• «?
bJw^wwvvfW
a»
o
O*1* O <•* O *^ O *"» O **
'X UIO O O O O O O O
9 > •
O UICM
«J> -II
>- ceo w v* w w »> w» w "7
co a » L •>
!*.-« -;-<
Z -I
O 9
1-4 lA
»- I V
O
3 O O*** O'^ O *^ f) r+ O *^ «*>••«
O O O O O• o o<^ o*^> o<^ o<^ i«.<^ r«-. **
^ m o o o o ««-« «r»«
« O » Q> O>
• •-» I « «
o ac o o o
0
M
QC
O
H-
Ul
«0 0
ac >- (A *
< »- •-» a
co z o x
« 3
_J O W
«e o »
• i-> < tol 09 Ut •
ui ac i- sc x -J •
>- o o ee « »-• M
«c _j o «c o CD »*
h- «« X _* W> O O
«O OD O O Ul X *
-------
O •"» O •"•» O ^>
o o o
97
o
a
z
o
UJ
o
o
o
«
o
o
o
CD
z
o
o
z>
o
a
cr
a.
a
UJ
o
00
i
o
UJ
_1
m
O O <"» O «-»
o o o
fM
cc
I
tO
_l O O ^ O ^
UJ O O O
UJ CM
-I I
ce o »-• v>
tO
I
i *"^ O ^^ ^^ *"* C3 **^
o o o o
v> ««•
to
a
UJ
1 *~* O ^* O *""* O *^
o o o o
W Vrf
o
o
N. *•
o •-»
o
o «
o
o ^
o
-t CM
in
N. f>
K.
N.
CM
CD
1^
ce
o
o
u.
o
CD
X
C\J
o
o
o
cc
to
t—I
o
O
in
<*
I
o
O "»
o
00 <*>
o
00
f--
ao
O
in
o
o
o
o
•o
«_< O vji
in in
o
—
u
»—
•«
I—
to
o
Ul
u.
UJ
o
z
z
UJ
to
UJ
cc
a.
UJ
ce
to
UJ
X
z
Ld
cc
a.
z
to
cc
UJ
CO
UJ
X
UJ
t—
o
-------
£T CM^ CM "> CM r*
^> oiCM m CM m CM
U. »-• «-i «-i
_J CO CO CO
o o o o
o o ^ o ^^ o *"*
<-x O O O O
o •
UJ CV
3 CO
z tr o
t— i UJ »— ' v-' ^ — 1
I- > UJ
Z O «-i
o u.
o
vy O
I Z
O* a QQ
• UJCVI »-<
* -I I IT
>- ft t—
»— CC O v^ ^ s_. Z
Z Z) • / , 0
O U-.-I . O
O _J i- -5
03 , ; Ij^
U3 ' O
>~ I
oo a:
OO'~>O«~>O'~' UJ
Z O O O O 03
O - X
>-• -s Z)
I- I Z
O «M
3 IA +* *^ v^ UJ
O • X
a »-
a:
a. »-
o
o
ui
o cvj o> CM cr
m in OL
o •-< i o o o uj
O Q£ O O O O QC
oc >— ro m m
U (/I CNJ^-r CM »-• CM v-/ U)
B— * *->4
CO O
1 UI
O I
>-
UJ Z
_J UJ
en _j _i cr
- UJ
Of- CO
>-l «I ft
a: »— uj
«s »- i/» CD
z >- m z
o »- •-• z»
NJ z a z
»-• ^
o: a uj
•« o i
• H-
- UJ •
UJ X •
>— O UJ
-------
cr «-i « —• •
o
PO
10
o
z
CO
CM
CM
, X"N tf *"%
oo K- -<
«r1 O
in
CO
o
vO
ft O <^ O* CM) O *3"
in CM «r ~+ oo ft
OO
00
o
UJ
o
o
CM
cr
ui
-4 00
in
CO
o *-> <» ^
O O CM
ro
i ^*» f*> X"%
CM
CM
co
CM
to
o
_J
o
«-4
o
9
>•
»—
z
CD
o
CO
z
o
•—<
H-
o
o
a
cr
a.
UJ
a
o
cr
o
CO
t
o
i
CO
_l O
UI O
> •
UJ CM
_1 I
v-(
a: o
CO
I
o
o
I
»-«
tn
CM
o
•
o O
H- in
O *
»-4 I
a: o
t—
(O
K-1
O
O'"' ©""^ CM'^ O«™» CM*"*
O O >O CM O O CM
O O
N. r>-
in s-
CM m
ft CM
ft
co
CM
ft
ft «-i
in
•o
<*>
o
in
r
L')
in '^ o *~> •-• <•*
N. N- O (M CM
m o
«o •-«
O CM
in
i ^^ €^ '^
o o
m
>—>
cr
>—
z
o
u
o
cr
UJ
m
O '^ O ^^
o o
in
>o
CM
O CO «-• CO CM O O
o* ^o
z
UI
to
at
cr
a.
CM
CO
LJ
00
H-
z
13
O
O
UI
-I
a
-
-------
or CM»-> *o •"* -o «—
Z3 rocO OJ to CM to
u. WK- o o o o
—i o in CM in cvj
3 K- «» 9
in *t in m
»-4v-f 4^ s_^ ^ *«f
O
2.
O
""* O
O • O m CM <*»CM
t*J CM in -« i-«
z cr o PO • "*«-• *t CM q- CVJ rn
o UJ CM CM -^ — « ~7
« _J I 0> CM CM ^
>~ «-" "1 CO OO ^_
t~ tE O »^sj i»\ >_« |/\ vrf -_
Z Z3 « ^
3 -- c- S
2 L' l-
>. r
00 ct
o N-'-> -s ro«~i JT]
Z O rn^ ro >O O >O m
O " m H. »-> (^ •< 2
•— ' «-t •-< «O tO —i
»- i m « «-i CM O3 CO
= in ^ -^w- -«^ u
g " *
" - z
^J °. £
o • o *-•-* tr^ffr*. Y?
»- iTt ^CM CM CM CM CM ^
UjOaf) QC O vJ O «»> £
OC »- ^ « K
<-> V/J X-» »-!«_> — !«-» yj
« o ^
u
h- UJ
o >- «^
M •* ft?
12 °= •- w
"^ »- «« m
<« >- «« S?
Z h- N-l ~
< z Q =*
^ -j Z
QC O . .
-------
O <•"» O «"*> O *"•» ^ <"» O *"* O*^ O *•• O •""> O *"^ 9 <"»
O O O CO CM O O O O O 03 CM
m in
N. N.
O O '> O *•"» O ••"» o*~« O ^ O '*' O •"» O<^ O •••* O'^
*-* ooooooooooo
O •
Ul 4»X .J
»- > UJ
Z O t-4
O U.
O
«-• CJ
•& »j o o»^>
O UJ O O O O CMS- O O O O O (\J K- =>
^4 > » <& \O CD
a UJ CM O O i->
» —I I O O> CC
>- «•* •« «»• »—
H" a: O v-> <^> waov«« v-> w> v>> v«> <>x oo '-' Z
Z 3 <» CM CM O
O U,-* O
O _t
u => u,
IO O
>- i O
CD LO K
o o*"* o<~» m'™> co*~» o^> o^\ o*^ o<™> o»^ «•><% . ui
z o o oo-omm o o o o o m -* ^*"» ao
o « «>i«»)« »wir«z
t-H «^ O O iO 3
I- I O O >O Z
O ^ <» CM « ' v
3 in v> v*> ^ «-* ro *^ v^ v* +^ s^ ^^K>^> UJ
o • in tn i
O H-
cc
a. i-
•^ z
— I O UJ
1-t • «/)
o fl»o o*'^ *<*> r>»<^ **•* ««^ O*N an'^ i*!*"* o *» o'^ ui
»— in CM «-< coo so «r **>•* N-« com o« <»K- CM w* o- o cc
ui o » co in CM CM N- ao N. it m «H « co I «H .-i CM N- «-• K. K- -< CO « CM CM UJ
3£KO«omom»>-«noo>ro(n oc
O (O *>^ v-» f) x^ 00 >»» »-• w w
«-« •-« rn m *-"
00 O M
I U
u z
h-
LJ Z
-I UI
ao _j ac
>-i fi at
z o or UJ
K a> »~ CD
o >-
M Z HP OD <: Q Z
-13 (A O O CO
o
-------
in *""*
r>-«-«
in
in
O •"" O *"»
o o
O '•" O *"» O *"* O>^> f) «"» l>— «"••
o o o co CM >o CM CM in
ro o o
CM o
<*>
^ ro »—•
O
o
O
o
cr
UJ
>
O
CO '"» (»». *•»
o -«••-• o CM
o «•"»
o
m
O
o
O
*•» «-t «
o <» CM in tn m
CO -H CM N. CM
CM«-«C\J
OO
CO
CM
o
-J
LJ
-JO
uio
> •
ut CM
QCO
=> *
> f) vrf
en
•-*
Cg
o
<•>
_,
O
CO
CD
z
O
O
O
(C
a.
O
o
O'™'
oO '^
a> •-< <*><*>
o> «o
in
CC
O
CO
I
-i
O
cos. K. o>
o<-< N. m
K. CM
fo^
ON CM
mo
m CM
CM
Ul
|/J
tU
or
a.
LU
oc
«/J
Ul
X
CD
QC
<
a.
tr
o
U.
«/J
Q
O
a.
to
»-4
OD
a
o
«-«
CC
<
QC
<
aa
CC
to
oc
U
to
UJ
-------
oe o> *•• o »•• in •*" o ••» <»»••
3 m CM o ««-• o o «•» **o
U. K. in m o
M «
w ^ V «^ w CO W
O O^ CM <•» O ^» O "^ CM <"» (»>«•%
<^ O O O O «• CO
O • .-• CO O>^K.«*>
Ul CM CM >O CD -«
=> »n H- CM C»> «/)
Z (X O «*» *t CM Q
i— < UJfw»-'C\J^-'«-»*-'Ovi>^\Ov-> _J
fr- > « uj
z o •-«
o u.
o
v^ O
( Z
O «/J »-«
^ —1 0 i*> <•"» S. *^ O *•» O *•" O <^ CM*^ >—
o uo in *t « x o o om *ta\ 3
«-i>«mCMN.CM »4 <» O> O CD
• UCM «-• «O CO O *-*
• _i i m «-• ora a:
>- *4 K. m CM CM i-
t— ac o m ^ 4 <^ <-• »-> o»-> oiv« z
.
co CD o
S ' ^H
ON-'"»CM^<>O'^O'>Ok'*'CO'^ UJ
z o N- o >o co o o m to v4«4 ao
O • »>«« •« CUM »^O , Z
i-. -i K- z
o •-• •ff o *n in
^3 minv-'>o*«>^-'^cM>»'>o^<' uj
O • *< K X
O H-
ae
OL *~
m z
-JO UJ
1-4 * tO
O * O ** r* f) *~» O ** O *V <*)4*> O<~» Ul
»— m o <"> >o eo o ro •* o in o m ac
uj o » to «* o -^ in «» «o K.CM a.
o >-i i ocM«-i«rm uj
^ •" »-'CMv=»in»-' I/I
>-H O O 00 o-i
to o -« •* w>
• u
o x
i-
UJ Z
_l UJ
03 -J -J oe
H- UJ
«s o h- «n
M »-< - z «/) x
U. I— 1-1 1=1 3
•-< Z (A O O Z
_i z> ui cr
Z H-
»- o cc •-• < o
to _t o ac M z
-------
nr O*""* *O *^ »-* *"* O *"*
13 cooo mm com o
U. CM«-« ^ CM
_i »n «-« -s*
o m eo is.
co <*» CM
«o
O *""*
o
O *"*
O
CO
.-i
s.
O
UJ
•=>
o
0
CM
cc
o
_J
UJ
JO
UJ O
> o
UJ CM
-J I
-.
CEO
z
g
o
co
Z
(D
O
o
ce
0-
CO
O
«
-«
I
O
Z
ai
«-•
X
u.
O
cr
U
00
X
Z)
Z
iij
I
o
O
a:
CO
t
Oo
»-i i
CM
eo
OO
tM »<
O
m
>O
eo
m
O
CM
QC
Q.
I/)
»-»
«A
UJ
CO
Z
u
ut
»-
o
-------
105
CC —•• *•** CM **"* O'^ —•• *^ O* *p> Ch *^» ^ *"* O f^
:D met K. in oo-t *-< K. CMO «r CM m CM o
u. o«» incM CM «-< >o orn c* o m
_l «O N. »-« CM >O 9 CM CM
3 O> «T CO O fO f»>
i/i CM <* to eo cu
«-lN^> W W«(*)W> V^ K. »-> V> Va/
o
z
O CM^* O'^ O*™* O*^> o»~> CM*^ O"^> O *>
^> o o «-• o o o o o •-• o o
Q • O O
iij cv. «-• *<
Z3 <» <» tO
Z QC ^ »« Q
|_lUJ«^'V> V>>Vrf _J
»— > LJ
Z O . »-<
o u.
u
»^ o
I Z
O tO t-i
>O JOO»'^O'^O'^>O'™»O'^*O'^ •* *> O <"^ K—
o ujo o o o o o o m <-< o n
«-i > « OO CO
• UJCM CM «-i
« -I I CC
>- »* f.,-,, »-
H- QC O **<* *** *^ **** *** *~* ^^ ^ ^ Z
z z> • O a
o u.-* ,-j o
0-1 N *
o => u.
to o
CD v ce
O O<™> O*^ O<^ Of **r\ **r\ O''** w< *% UJ
Z O O O O O CM-* CM-* -O -* lf» -* CD
o • o> o> m o z
•-< ••« »< •»* f) O> 13
t- ( O O O O Z
O «-« CM CM <-> O
3 lAv'^'^w'wwi w^ CM <^ UJ
C • — X
o fr-
ee
Q- t-
** CM Z
-JO O Ul
1-1 • • «/)
in CM «r «o o »iCM oo o o --• a.
ui
» ac
oct- O«r O eoi-mro
o
«-> CM
m«*
vO
(s.
0
o<»
9
o
fO
^CM
0«
c»>
«
CO
*-
o
•-4
tr
i-
0 0>
o
V4
CM
m
GO O Q tO
I UI
O I
UI Z
-t UI
CD _J CC
»- H- 0,
O
t- z
1-4
t-
O IX)
M CC
O DC UI
O I- CO
o z o z
-I r> Z O
O O O O UI
O
-------
CC
00
O •"«
O CM .1
f) <"»
CM
OO
CM
OO O
eo «-*
CO CM
O
Ut
13
O
o
»
CM
>
O
O <"*
o
O ••% O «"» O<">
o o o
CM '^
o» -*
O
-
oo
(/>
I
CM CM
ce
UJ
CO
Q
O
CC
OL
O
ut
CO
I
O
•
«-4
Ifl
o
CM
v-' CO v-'
«—» CM ^"
CM
O
tncw N.
*1 N-
CM
• CM
co
CD
m
>o
Ul
or
OL
ui
oc
U)
U
BD
0
t-
Ul
o
Q
<:
cr
o
_i
O
O
UI
(A
O
1-4
cc
t-
-------
QC O ^ lO ^ \f\ **
^^ ^5 ^4 cO ^^ flO ^W CO ^^
u. o «» O O •O >O
a
z
o o ^ o«*^ o *^ o *
o o «•< o o ••• o
• o o o
CVJ •»-> >rt ^
o; in m in
H- >
2O
a
O UJ O O O O O •=>
»-•>•• 00
• 1*4 CO >-<
• _J I (X
>- *4 L-, »-
h-QiO >-''—•'-'<-'. Z
Z 3 • *• -* O
3 U.*« <. i <->
O -t
o => u.
gO O
>- I
OD ac
o o ••» o<~» o <^ o<~« uj
Z O O O O O OD
O IO *^ %rf »•» Vrf U)
O I
O I-
cc
a. •-
O * O O*> O«
*- in o o o o a:
ui o • a.
a t-t i u
3 ce o tr
(r i-
t> «/> ^* *^ V* ««* I/I
•-« •-«
to a «o
I UJ
o x
H-
UJ Z
_J U
QO -i _j ac
< < < <
»- >- h- o.
a o
1-1- z
t-4
I- UJ
o »- «»
M - ui
< »- «0 CD
O >- «fl Z
1-1 >— >-• 3
_J O UI
UL. O X
• DC K-
• LJ >• »
UJ »-* PC •
»- _l Q UI
< _» Z »-
I- O UI O
(A U Z Z
-------
oc
3
u.
-J
=>
uj
o
Oo
O ft
<0
CM
CM
o-«
o
CM
O o
O <±
«•
00
o
in
om
oo
OD-*
m **
in K
*+ CM
Oo
OCM
O
fO
O o
o <*>
CM
o
Ul
O
o
•
(V
o O o
oo
Oo
o
O o
o
Oo
o
O o
o
a
_1
U
>-.
u.
-JO
bJ o
> •
Ul CO
-J t
O *% O *> O <^ O '"» O*~> Oo O *"» O *^ O *^
OOOOOOOOOO
(_,
<_ >
Ott
•-*
CK
CD
«/J
I
O
O
O *^ O *^ O *> O *^
OOOOOO
O *> O *"* O *"»
OOOO
O
QC
L«J
CD
o
3
o
a
cc
a.
ui
Q
=>
ce
O
CO
I
O
Ul
o
O
H- in
o •
i-« I
<~» O •"»
o o cv
c\t
ro
OCM
oo
O<"> O'*'
om OK
N.O
m O
ocv o*«
CDO
cv
^^ CM ^^
Ul
ce
a.
Ul
Z
Ul
ce
xt
a.
o >-
Z I-
>t Z
-J 3
-JO
•-• o
•
.7
Ul
*«
z
<
a
z
o
10
o
cr
o
U.
O
Z
ce
Ul
Ul
x
H-
•
•
ut
»-
o
-------
109
<£5 ^^ ^5 ^^ C5 ^^ ^3 ^^ ^^ ^^ ^5 '^ ^5 ^^ ^3 ^^ ^?* **^ CJ ^^
ocvi o in ocvi o CM»^ O •"> O ^ O •"» O*^ O *"» O*^ O^>
^ ooooooooooo
a «
U) CVJ
n
2 cr a
i"* Lu N^ ^^ '•^ v> ^> ^^ \^ v^ ^^ s^« «J
H- > UJ
2O "-«
a u.
\O _JO O»^ O'^
ouoo ooo oooo o o =>
-• >• • CD
• Ul CV •-<
« -I I CC
>- •••< r - »—
H- Q£ O v^ V** «^ v> %^ v^ v^ K^ v^ %^ f *A Z
z =» • J °
3 U. «1 ^ -1 O
O _J
o o u.
«/) " O
>- I
CD ac
O O"-» O *^ O*^ O *> O *•» O *•* O*^ O«^ O <^ O *^ LJ
Z OOOOOOOOOO O — • 00
o • in x
•— «-t >O O
H- I CO Z
O 04
2 lA^v^ww^wv^sxss LJ
a • i
a fr-
ee
a- h-
o z
-i O LJ
t-i • CO
a • o o<^ o *•> o «^> o/* O/K o « o** o <™> o<^ o *•» ui
t— iri o o o o »o o •" orO OL
O »-i I O •q- CVJ Ut
=>cco r>-4-o«CMO ce
OCI— N. (M <*) O> ft **)
«J lO w Vrf *-• «_>mvc« n^ s-> CO <~» CM «-^ <»>
I LJ
O X
I-
UJ Z
_J UJ
ao cr
< u
i-< nf\
O >• Z
Z »- Z)
^ z z
_» 3
-JO Z UJ
•-• O < Z Z Z X
• H- VJ X UJ «-• *-> O ^ »—
• h- < Q O >- _l »- >- O •
u.
-------
QC O**« O *"* O ^ o *"* O*™> O *"* O "^ O *** o •"»
o or»> om o*» o «r o«n o«*> OVD OCM o-* OCM
U. fw«-t «»• ,-t ,~i <» CM N. O> «-« CO 00 o>
:=> in CM o *-< « in
1/3 CM -* CM
W «^V<»*«»»»»W*^*V/»*»W
o
O O^"» O <"» O *^ O <^ O*^ o '==> O «•"* O ^* O *** O '=a>
^ ooooooooooo
Q *
uj cv.'
23 «9
Z CE Q
1—4 UJ >^ V^ Ktf' U)
z a s=i
o u,
*O — J O O^^* O *^* O *""* O <*^ O'^ O ^ O **^ O *** O ^** O *^* fr=
O UJO OOOOOOOOOO Z)
-< :> » OQ
« UJ CM »=J
« _J • CE
>- i
CD • ^ ce
O O*™* O *"* O *"** O '^ O*"^ O ^^ O *** O ^ O *^ O *^ UJ
Z OOOOOOOOOOO CO
o « z
•- ^ 3
I- » Z
U «•«
13 (Dwih^wvsw^'v^^MW UJ
O • X
o »->
tr
t t~
O Z
-JO UJ
_ » 4O
O • O O*** O ^> O ^** O *^ O^> O*^ O ^^ O ^"* O *^ O *** UJ
^- in OCM o »* oi»> o o o cw o in o «-• o o— < cr
ui o * m N. v< »-» «r o N> o a.
o i— i ro iri n OCM «-> ui
r> a: a o in o CM o -. tr
oc >- o « ^.«3
O c/9 *»* x^ in v^ v^ ^^ s^ CO ^*^ %-^ w v*' i/3
•-< »-•
• -3d
Z I- U
•HZ Z
-J Z> >-
-i O Z K UI
-• O O UJ Z UI UI X
• WO »-iZ Z»-» I—
• oracz a. o z o ac «
ui uiuiuizo- a
H- o.u.-«t-jQ£ ui
- «tUI«X ~3->_ixzxxxxa. z
-------
Ill
oe O'"'
rj o«-i
u. m
_J CM
3 CO
(/> -H
ON.
o
CM
o
in
o
*~ oo
o
4- in
c* <••«
^ CM
O r+ O ** O *^
om oo o -• OK. ON.
in O •-• O«^ 4>v4 4fv4
<*> o *« **> o
CM *4 CM >*) K.
i^ i*> »*> in
o
LJ
z
o
O
>O
>-
H-
z
O
O
»
CV
QC
*
C/>
_J O
UJ O
> »
UCM
_J i
«-l
QCO
O **^
O
O *^
O
O ^^
O
O *"^
O
O ''^
O
O ''^
O
O <^»
O
O *^
O
O «"•»
O
O
_J
Ul
O>
z
CD
•«
ce
o
o
CD
z
O
o
O *^
o «-•
co
«•»
<^ O <•»
oo
O **
o
O **
o
O
tr
UJ
m
O
o
cr
0-
O
ut
o
in *•>
o
O
•
* O
»- m
u«
»-• i
a: o
CM
m
co
o
m
eo
oeu
O **
0*4 o
-to
t-»O
u>
O
z
O
Z
X
o
O«-«
O_J
z uj
CD
o
K-
C9
z
*-«
X
to
LU
X
UJ
»-
O
z
-------
112
QC ^U^^ {5 ^* C* ^^
z> oin o -• in •-» m vrf
a
O O^» O <•> O <•»
*•» o o o o
O •
LJ CM
O t/J
z a: o
*-» UJ v vx \*t —I
>- > U
z o «-«
o u-
o
^ 0
I Z
>O _I O O**» O •-» O *"• ^~
O LJO O O O =>
«^> > « CD
• Ul t\J «-•
» _l I OC
>- ^4 I-
t-QCO«-»^wC'> Z
Z 3 • >.. O
o u.-« r , o
O _l '- -J
o o u.
V) O
>- I
CD CC
O O'^ O »~» O *^ U
ZOOOCMOCM co
O * W « Z
•x *< O O 3
t- t «r «r z
O «^ <_* v^ UJ
O • X
O I-
£T
O. H-
o z
-I O U
>-( • (/>
O «• O O<^ O •"> O ** OH
»-inoocvoeM oc
Ul O » >O O EC I— U
•-1 »— (/> 00
O >- crt X
Z H- i-» 3
»-» Z 0 Z
_j r> z
_1 O O LJ
I- _J Ul
-------
113
in -
N-
& "* IT) •"*
o ao o «o
»-• O
in«»
co in
CM
ao *"* CM •"» in ^"»
ce> «-• m »* o *-
»•• O «-i
CM<*»
O
CM
CO ^
CMCM
>O *•*
>O
o
a
U)
t—
Z
O
o
O
O
•
•
UJ CVJ
-it
O '™» O *""*
OO
O f*
O
O *"^
O
O '^
O
O ''^
O
O *^
O
**^ O '^
OO
O *"^
O
O ^
O
O <^
O
O ^^
O
o
_t
LJ
•-•
U-
o
Z
»-«
H*
3
ao
»-•
ac
Z
=
O
>-
oc
Z
a
e»
O
o
O
I/)
I
O
*
«-l
I
O
a:
UJ
03
z
3
Z
UJ
UJ
Q
:D
oe
O
o
O
o
i-4
tr
O
in
O '•» O "^
o o
O *•*
o
O *>
o
O <"•
o
O <^
o
>O
CM
cvj
UJ
cc
Q-
UJ
cc
oo
I
O
ill
-I
m
UJ
X
LJ
cr
<
z >-
< t-
t-i Z
Q 3
z o
*-> o
UJ
CD
Z
uj
x
UJ
UJ»-«
»-'O
O
W5
>.
Qe
UJ
UJ
H-
o
Z
-------
114
tf r* N.'H <»<"• « <•> <*»*•» N. ** eo«r oo oo
«-i co «* *4 iw «4 m 9N- <» •*-
to o> mcvico N--< N. v«
•<» f> in ro « «•
*•> CM CM
a
z
O
^ ooooooooooo
a «
UJ CV
= CO
2 C£ Q
^~* LtJ *^y ^^ KI» vx *** %x ^^ ^^ N.^ *s J
*~ > UJ
z o *-.
>O -JO
O UJO OOOOOOOOOO 3
•-• >• • QB
« UJCM »-*
a -i i ee
>- *4 |«
^ QC O ^^ ^^ v^ «M» *•> x^ v^ v^ ^^ v^ Z
z o • o
=> U.-H C t>
0-1 f .,
t> o ' u.
«/3 *. -S o
>- I
QD CC
O O<^ O<^ O<"* O'^ O<^ O*^ O*^ O*~» O<^ O<^ UJ
Z O O ON.«« o O O O O f- —i K- -* 03
O • •* w* «M 3f
•-1 -« «o ao eo =>
»- • CM CM CM Z
CJ ^4
O tf> ^> K^ %^ ^^ X^ SM^ %^ %X \^ ^^ t.l
o z
-J O Ul
•-4 » ,/J
O » O K.*^ O*^ O «•% O *% O *^ O **• O <"» O <^ Iw*^ N- *"» Ul
*- in «o« o »o •-• o o o o o eoo «o o> oe
uiu»m o CMCMO,
Q*~*I4 «-< CO CO UJ
o cc o «-« « ^^ ^M^ v./ «^ v/ v> ^^ (^ *M» <*> ^^ tf)
•-< «-!
CO Q M>
> Ul
o x
t—
u« z
« u
00 _l _l CC
* •< «< <:
»- »- *- OL
o a
H- t- z
»*
t- Ul
Oh- WJ
•x < ce
QC I- Ul
< I- CA OD
Z >• »-« x
• CC < CD _l ^ »-
• ui =»• cr _i x o »
U! >- O »-i U! «-> ui_tza:oa3ce i-
>-oa.o«tui"-i«c«* a
««a.«>(o»>»xrK z
-------
115
Of O •"• O'^ O ^ O *•» ••**•» O"* O *"% CM ^ O *"» ^
=30000 o
U, «•<» m «o «O
_J N. CM «O
Z> CM f»
(A CO o **» o*"* o»^ o*^ o ^* o*"* o«~>
^ ooooooooooo
o *
UJ CM
z> to
-Z. OH Q
|E^ L^J ^x' *•' ^^ V> ^M^ ^M/ \* %p^ V^ V^ «J
I- > Ul
Z O >-i
a u.
o
u O
I Z
O 03 i-i
>O _J O O<^ O»~k O*^ O*^ O^> O*^ O*^ O»^ O*^ O«"» H-
(> UJ O OOOOOOOOOO O
*4 > • 00
« Id CM >-•
•=• _l • - »* I-
(=^ QC O ^>^ *•** ^i' v^ ^^ v^ v* ^^ ^^ v^ Z
Z 3 • CO
3 U-«- f^_ O
O _l f
O Z3 <; ' < U,
(A O
>- I
co * cr
O O*~> O •-» O ** O*H «o<^ O*"N O<^ O '^ O <^ O *>v Ul
z o o o o o in »« o o o o o CQ
O • CO X
«-l «-l €•) O
>=• t z
U •*
O inv^vrfvx«^«^»s^«rfv^s^<^ IU
O • X
o *-
ce
a. t-
-4 Z
ui
>— • in «-tii »* •-• o> » o o> N. v« o a.
O»-i|f>f>f>«»>Ol*>«»><»«l'> LiJ
=>croaoo>o>oo>»r^o cc
CT »— «H«~l«-l«-IO«-lv4K.V4
O I/I vrf srf v^ \^ Ov^ w v^ w» fcx «— • IS)
M >-•
CO O —
UJ Z
-I Ul
ca ce
- i
** *" z
«rt Z z
* ° = S ¥
* ° z ** 2 2 if
• o z z> oe «o »-
. W»O CE«*>->-OZ •
ui zarcDZui»-i*iujifc.'~' •
aDoot>
-------
116
O<*» O *•» O «•> »•««"» O*^ O ••> O ^ O*"* O **
O O OCM-^N-CM O O O O O
(/)
O
z
O o»"*> o<~» o **» O*™* o '"*» O *"•> O ^ O*"*
<-i OOOOOOOOOOO
O «•
LJ CM
Z> t/J
z tr: o
«-< l4j«-'<->«kj»VS-*<>'1»V«"->«'rf -J
»- > UJ
z o *-•
o
Z 3 •« - O
O U.«-« f ~ «
O _l . j
03 % ' U.
CO O
>- I
OQ CC
O O<~» O<^» O»^ O«~» O*^ O*^ O*~« O'*' O»~» O^> Ul
Z OOOOOOOOOOO CD
O * X.
o »-
a:
a. i-
-* z
_» O UJ
»-( • W)
N- ^ UJ
_J o O^"» O **** O *** O f* O *"* O *"* O ^^* O *"*» O *^* O *"*
UJ O O O OO OOOOOO
2> *
UJ C\J
f g
K="
o
CO
k»4
ac
uj o •> o o a> «» ^< a* o> o o o a.
Ot->i<*)fi c»> PO ro ro m LJ
Z> QC O O O <7» MOkO«Ok(>» QC
QTK- ^< »-i «-H o •-••-<»-'«-' "^"
O
•-« «-l
CO O (A
I tJ
O *.
t~
UJ Z
_l Ul
m ac
ac
UJ
CD
tO >- Z
«t »- =3
-
«sc o a z ac u
ac o zoo o x
o «« •-. otnzujat »-
• «t _J ZOCOI-Z •
UJ _l i£ >- Z Ul « »- Ul •>
H~ C9 ZOCUJU.ZU»3>Z UJ
< =>^c«z~3_i_j-i z
-------
117
co
in
in
4*~* in •
ox
m
in
O *•> CM'"« O «">
o N- oo o
o
ro
CO
m
o
CM
CO
m
Cl
LJ
z
£ =<
O
o
CV
cr
O **°*
O
O ^"*
O
o
o
\O
O
_JO
U) O
> o
UJ CVJ
— I 8
O <••»
O
O'*'
O
1=
Z)
GO
Z
13
a
>-
CD
z
O
o
o
0*°*
o
o <"»
o
o *^
o
L .
o *^
o
u,
O
OC
w
aa
in *»^
O
O
a
uj
o
=>
-
tO
»-4
Q
co *-»
>o ft
oo
o
00
CM
eo
K.
OO
m
in «-<
CNJ
oo
9
O
o
O
Z
UJ
V)
tu
a:
a.
ui
DC
UI
X
»=•
Z
UJ
CE
-
t-
z
3
O
O
ui
o
<-*
ir
-
v»ui
o_{
UJ»-«
U)
UI
«/)
Z
co
a:
ui
UI
X
ui
i-
O
z
-------
118
o «-<•-*
o «o
m«->
vn
CM
o cw «r«r <*•«•« o ro «-•«-• m in
N. «r CM-* o CM «-• o •=» ~* «r
ro —« o> N. o
•••*••• o
CM*>^ ^" »-* v^ C\J >— ' v^
o
O
»
CV
CC
Itl
Q
_J
Z
o
O
>O
O
>•
E=^
z
3
o
0
>-
03
Z
o
o
s
*
t/3
UJO
_J t
—
Q£ O
3
«/)
O
O
in "•
co
tMCM
«
in
in
in
00 *)
an
«
«*»
ZJ
CD
o
O
UJ
CD
-J O
*-* •
O o
O N.'n>
u o a
O«-i|
fO
CO
I
O
CO
»-<
O
|fi
^-
CM
C\!
O
o
O
a
O>
O
CM
O>
CVJ ^^
wan
o
tVJ
>O
CV
UJ
«o
Ul
•
t-~
z
o
O
O
(=»
cc
»-
«/>
M
o
z
o
trt
0
o
O
O
i->
ce
4
aa
X
>=
a:
o
ui
ee
uj
CD
UJ
x
cr
U1
z
CC
o
cD
tO>
o
o
»-«
ce
UJ
w>
-------
119
Qj ^^ ^^» ^Q ^^ i^J **H <^^ ^^ ^5 ^"* C? ^^ ^3 ^^ €? ^^ ^5 ^^
i? «-!«•« ON. oo o oo o * in*** o <» ooo o o
u. m** in N. o «»> o —• o«-« v^ co «•*
CO CM <»> IT( «J in 00 K. »-» O
^^ N» *<^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^*^
o
O O<™> O**» O'™' O«^ O*^ Qr* O*^ O"^ O»^
»-> ooo ooooooo
O »
Ul CM
ZJ co
z cr a
I—I UJ ^^ Vn' K^ ^^ Wr K^ ^^ ^^ ^ «J
H- > U)
Z O •=«
o u.
u
^^ C5
I Z
^3 ^ £5 (5 ^^ ^3 '^ C3 *^ C5 *^ C^ *^ C3 ^^ C3 ^** {^ ^^ C^ ^^ H~
O Ul O O O O -« O O O O O O =>
^i > « O CO
• ui CM
• _l • -O CC
>- *4 CM »> h-
l-» CC O vx «-* V>W«V<>«^V^W Z
z => • r-- a
ZS U.-* r ^ O
O -J
03 U.
CD v O
>- •
CO CC
c^ CD *** 10 ^^ ^3 *^ c^ ^^ ^j ^^ d5 ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^5 *^ m
z o o ^ m ooo ON o OCM o CD
O « « O O X
»-t «-• o or « 3
>— » o CM in z
U *^ « CM O
13 m «••' «•* v^ K>»%^»rf CMi*' v^ xx s^ Ul
O • X
o »-
cr
a. >-
CM «•> Z
-J O O Ul
1-1 • • «/>
»- m o CM o* i- o o o o«i OCM o o« cr
ui o • «o K.
OCO v^CM*>«- «/J X
< H- >-4 Z>
- << M o
uiz ui ui ui x >- x »
1-1-4 CD a. > o >- a o ui
«x_j cr cr cc z •< z o >-
>-•< ««<:<•-« cr ui uj o
COM no x x ^: a. cc IA z
-------
o-o
O ^
ooo
CO
>O
in
O ^
tn co
ro«
CO <»>
O
O'"*
o cv
o
O *"»
o <•>
o
O '"»
o«*»
o CM
tf\
O '"»
oo
o «r-»
N.
o »•• oo
m ^ o
K. »« K.
^ O>
>-
t—
Z
3
o
>-
CC
o
!Z}
O
a
ce
Q.
uj
D
z>
cc
<_>
00
*
o
UJ
_J
aa
4
I
1/5
UJ O
> 0
UICM
_i i
— «
CCO
Z3 •
O «•«
O
CM
i .,
' ,
' -•>
O O*
o o
• o
O'™'
o in
o
(*)
00
o o
o
K.
CM
o
CD
•"
a:
I-
Z
O
O
U,
O
CC
LU
CD
<*»
O
•
» O
t- in
u»
>-i »
t/)
»•«
O
o«r
o
o
O *"»
o *n
o
o «•
o«-»
O*>
o
<^ O »~»
o o
O *>i
o
o
cu
O <*
o CM
o
o
«n
in
O <^
o
«-• CO «-»
U'
ee
a.
UJ
ac
(/)
UJ
W >-
< O
SC O
•
•
uj
O
»»
CC
t-
CO
1-1
Q
O
ce
o
u.
UJ
i
o
O
O
O
UJ
O
o
a:
O
UI
to
UI
Z
•-»
fa.
-------
121
QC O"^ O *~» O *•» O *-» O^ O « O ** O <"• O *•» O <"»
3 OCM O CO O CM Of) OCM O« O U> ON- O <* O •>»
u. o o oeo o o o OCM o o »-« o
_i eo «r CM in ^ co eo «o CM O ^ O '"' O *"» O*"*
f^ OOOOOOOOOOO
o «
UJ CM
Z3 CO
z cc a
C«4 UJ W K^ X^ W V> V^ ^^ *M^ ^"^ ^^ «l
t- > UJ
"Z O •"!
o u.
o
« a
I Z
O «/> fr*
O <•"» O *^ O *"» O*^ O*^ O *> O *•* O'^ O *"» H»
O UJ O OOOOOOOOOO 3
«^ » • CO
« Ul CM >-«
« _J • CC
>• »* »-
»— CCO ^-^ ^> v^ w v«» \^> v»> «^ w v^("Z
z o . , ' o
13 U. -H I " - O
O _l •, -i
o r> u.
co O
>- I
co „ ce
O O>^ O f> O «^ O*^ O'^ O« O ** O ** O *"» O *^ Ul
Z O O O OCM O O O«* O O O O CO
O « O O X
»-<«-•« v4 O
I- I -* CM Z
O «-> «i O^
Z> U"l *•"•»-• »-•««<» v> «^ «^ «_> v^ UJ
0 • X
o >-
ce
a. t-
<» z
-JO UJ
_ , U)
O »* O Oo O <~» 9 *^ O^> O*^ O *** O*^ O »•* O <~> O <"• IB
i- in o o o o o o«* o«-« o o o cc
ui o • o o a.
O i-i I O«-i Ul
= cc o mo cc
cc >- « m
O CO v^«^^>«^v^«^^«w\^«^ (O
»-< •-•
CO O «A
* UJ
t> X
K-
Ul Z
-I UJ
CO CC
< <
i- a.
z
t~t
U)
ec
ui
CO
«n >- x
<: i- 3
*" z z
Z 3
"* O U;
^ <-> Z Z X
» O _l < »-
• X I- _| Z >• •
Ul «« t- _1 UJ Ul Z «t •
t— OUIXZi-l^OCCZUl Ul
< ce>«««sxfcOo«soz »-
i— oocccc<«caui»->4K o
-------
122
*•% C> ^^ 'O ^^ CD *^*
O OO O x <-• CM »-• vx
0*1 om
OCM O~4
^D O^
<• o
o^ ^^
O *"•
o •*
o«-«
o
00
Oh-
00
- m O»H OCM
o • o o
»-• i «n m
oc. o CM -.
i- CM lv
O-H
O
in
o o CM
o
CM
O'
O
00
ro
m
o «~»
O
OCM
o
o»
CM
z
<;
UJ
o
O
UJ
Z
O
a.
t/>
UJ
u
X
»-
•
•
ui
»-
o
-------
123
Q; eo *•» O *"•' O ^ O «•» O*^ O ^» O *"• in ^> in ***
o o eo «-•
co m o <•» m « >o
vrf v-> w v«» w« v« wfM^^CMv^
O CM *t
O a
UJ CM
=>
2 cr
> u
o ,M
u.
I Z
to ••*
o ui o o o 0000000*4 z>
^4 > « O 00
• UJ CM *» *"*
-» i * 2=
>- trt CM »-
l=»a;o^'^>%-'<— '*^>— '"^ >v^*-' 2
23. r ' O
= u.-* ,, °
0-1 . <-.J
O =5 *• i it
«/) O
£ '
O O •"» O *•» O ** O «•* O*^ O*^ O*1* O ** i»> «•* v Ut
2 o o«<« o o o o o o o in K
»- I «• »« Ok Z
O «M fO «-• K-
3 kf> «^ w ^»s>«^w»s^eO»^CMv-' UJ
Q • w* X.
o »-
cr
Q. *-
a • o o<«»
»-in o o o o oo oo«««-» ce
UJ
• £
o x
UJ Z
-I UJ
CD _j _i ac
< «t «t H- V)
++ «t oe
ee *- ui
t- «o at
>- «« x
I- »-• 3
2 O Z
3
a uj
O Z X
< z z u> »-•
o o
-------
124
u* <«r in ^ f* f* CM CM ^ N» CM o **^ co CM **> CM
to <^
Z OS O
h-4 UJ*—'V^«^S^S^V^>w>V^OV^ _J
t— > u
Z O «-*
o u.
(_>
^ C5
* Z
O. fcO 1-4
^3 —JO O'"' O*™* O<™» O*"* O^> 0*"^ O'^ O<^ O»^ O<^> K-
OUJOOOOOOOOOOO Z>
•* a» • CD
* U CNJ "-•
-I I Q£
> -• I-
h~ Q£ O ^^ >^ ^^ *•** ^^ ^* ^^ ^^ *•* ** Z
Z O • C . O
Z> U. ^4 {•) O
O -J
03 ^ ~S U.
«o o
>- I
CO (K
o o*~» o *^ o«^ o *•» o *% o *^ o •"• o *^ o *•» o»^v uj
Z OOOOOOOOOOO CO
O • Z
>- -i =3
H- I Z
O V^ ^0 ^i' ^df %^ ^> «M^ IjJ
O • I
o »-
•* *% O *^ O^> UJ
t- in o o oo «-• «cvi o «•« cu ^ O Q.
o »-i i o«>o moh. uj
=> tr o o o -* ce
CC I- »-• 00
O I/} fcrf «-f »«» «^ V> •-•«-• v^ «*^ Vrf NX CO
»~t t~*
eo O U)
I UJ
o x
t-
Ul Z
-I LJ
CO CC
or
>- UJ
X CO
o >• ac
=> I- Ul =>
»- Z O Z
Z 13 Q C0
uj o »-• z z tr u
s: o ce «t o UJ x
• z *-« «/3 *: -*ce»-euj(Auiouii-*'>zza._ix»-i »-
»- CC=>X<«KUJOt»3X O
(A aOCDUOXXXZZO Z
-------
125
QC CO*"1
Z> ro CM »-«ir» «t CM m«0 «*1 «-• !•»•»• COO
U. lf> in—« <•>•-• «iCM O> O OCM
_i m >o «t eocsi «o >o m CM
=3 <-• N. CM <-• •*«•!(*)
(/} O CM CO O O CO
O v^ ^) «_> O 'x'
O ^*» O ^% O ^^ O *•* O *^ O '^
<-^ ooooo ooo
O »
LtJ CV
Z) ^> _J
t- > LJ
Z O »-•
O li-
o
O LU O OOOO OOO Z>
.=•:>» co
• Ul CM •-•
» -J I f - K
>~ ~* , •' *-
f—CCO*-'*"''"*'"* \* \^ \^ CO Z
z O • .. -; O
3 U.-* O
O -I
O 3 U.
«n . o
>- •
CD QC
O O »"» O *~> O <*•• O<~> O ••» O ** O ^ 'if
Z O O O O O OOO CD
a • z
O • X
o fr-
ee
a. »-
•n CM Z
_* o o u
•-> • • V)
O • O Oo Ifl *•» O*"* ««>•-> » O m «^ OK
»- in o inru o »<«•> v» o o v<«*) cr
ui o • N. o *• o o» •* a.
OMIK ls>t-t K. U
=>OCO«0 CM CC CM OC
tr i- « « »- «o
O «/) wr w> w» CM«-» «/)«-» w CM »-» V)
«— 1 »-« •_!
00 O O tO
f U
O X
»—
LU Z
-I bJ
00 _J _l _J CC
O Of- W)
i-» i» < CC
>- CC CC IF- U
5C >-*-«« CD
o >- o w) x
31- «-« Ul »"« O
t- Z Q *"• O Z
Z => =>
UJ O GD U)
itf o •-» 3:
» cc ec >••
• U »- •
ui z i- tn •
»- a o u> •-• uj
< a •-• ao o *-
»- O Z UJ Z O
-------
126
QC ^^*"% ^^ <^ ^"* ^s 5(5 ^^ ^^ <^ ^^ ^% {^ ^^ {^> f^ (J) i^\ CO ^^
o o N.«»> o CM •-•<»> o •» o o> CM OXCM «r CM «n «-•
U. ro O co eOCMN-
_t »-t m o O'^
<^> ooooooooooo
O 0
Ul CV
Z3 W
Z EC O
t=« l1JV><~'<^v^'^>*->'<^'^'^> — *
»- :> bj
Z O "-•
O Li-
U
v/ O
I Z.
O> t/3 •-•
>O — J O O*"* O*^* O ^* O *^» O *^» O *"* O <^ O *"* O *^ O *** fr**
O> LJO OOOOOOOOOO O
« > « 00
• UJCVJ •-•
» _i i oe
V ^ I-
H* QC O *»^ *-* ** *^ *^ *^ ^-* *^ ^^ ^^ o
>- I
m ac.
O O*™1* O*^ O *"* O *^* O <** O **» O ^* O ^"* O *^ O '^ LiJ
Z OOOOOOOOOOO 00
o • ac
O » X
o *-
DC
Q. »-
«-• Z
_J «-< IU
•-« • «o
O » O *4<°> tfV* *^ •"» *K *% «^ VKN O o ^ ^s «^ *> O <"» LU
>- in «cw K.CM CM — « o> CM <*— • N- co «immo:o«-iCM«CMeo oc
act- >ornooo>coomcvj
O VI ***** »-•«—> Vrf lO v-* »-« O^> ^ «-
»~t !*)•-«
09 O tO
I UJ
O X
H-
IU1 Z
-1 U
CD OC
< «t
»- a.
Z
H- •-*
CO
<-t tn
< i- ac
z a. ui
- 03 X
«« t- 3
»-« Z Ul Z
3 3 Z U3 X
aozo utzuiui »- z u
-J O O •-. -iOX_tU3 »-• X
* »-i»- _1 «rt O OC UJ Z H- ^-
* (Aa.«SMcecc«xzxae »
ui zx*-«>uj=>x~9X Ul
«««««-«'-t~>_lt«UJt«tO Z
-------
or iw>
Z) t«w <»
u. K. *-•
-j in
=> 00
o co
N. ro
in *•»
oo «o *-•-* -•
o »-> en «•
•"• ^ CM
^ CM CO
•O ^1 «»
CO *•*
OO CM
in
o
>o
CM in
o
CM
in o
o
UJ
O
O
o
CVI
ce
ui
^^ <^ C^ ^^ ^5 ^* O ^** C5 '^
o o o o o
-JO O«"> O«
UI O O O
:> o
ui CM
cc o
Q r* O*^ O*"> O<* O *•» O*^ O *^
O O O O O O O
L";
t-J-
s -3
m
o *n *->
o in *•*
O r* O **
o o o
o <•» o ** o **»
o o o
00
O
_J
LJ
t=H
U.
O
z
CD
i_i
or
t-
x
a
o
u.
a
or
UJ
m
Q
O
• o
»- »n
o «
«-• I
ae o
i-
V)
•—•
o
in
CM
o
m«
in
in «
o
o
o
CM
o
i—i
or
>-
•-i
o
»-t K. O>> »•* «-«CM • «-•'
ox «r -
a
ui
ui
or
ui
CD
ui
UI
03
ui
UJ »-« 1-1
UI
UI
o.
Ui
o
a.
V)
or
UJ
00
UI
X
I-
•
»
UI
-------
QC 9-* *"* if} #™» o\ ^> ro *""* ^5 ^*» ^O *""* CVJ '^
ZJ to CVJ S- in N.CO K. ro cTCM CM O t«
20: o
t-4 UJ «^ S^ •fe' ^^ V^ ^M» «M^ _J
»— > UJ
20 t-.
O U.
<_)
w O
I 2
O «/) l-l
^ _ 4 O O'^ O ^^ O ^^ O ''^ O *"^ O <*^ O ^^ H*
O U O O O O O O O O =}
e> CD
o UJ CNJ *-«
-J i . tr
O -J
O O U.
to O
>• I ' '
00 QC
O O'** O'~»O''"»O*1'>O<'"kO'""»O'"<' '•'
2000OOOOO CD
O
O
- *• *^> «-^ «-«<-» o*™* cc o >o oo in in K- cc
QT I- fw K. CM «t O*
CJ CO «»/«-• \-»
t-< rn -« >• W) X
»-. 2
a >- 2 2 2 ui
o ae «-• 2 o x
«/JO»->-O»-» ^>
Ul Z CC CC CO _» «
o
-------
QC f^ f^ ^f f^ po ^^ ^» ^^ ^M **"* C^ ^^
^ o «»in in CM rn CM o «r CM in «-• K- in in o
133 o fi m o «o
O 0*°^ o '•^ o**» o*15* O*^ O*°» O*°»
<=> oooooooo
Q «
LJ CM
ZJ W
Z QC , O
t-«4 UJ »=* V^ W >-> LJ
Z O «=»
o u.
u
OLJOOOOOOOO 3
«4 > O 00
o UJ CM •»
» _J i ce.
>- «i » »-
h»QCO<»'<>'s^v^«^'«^v^' Z
z =» « ^-J o
Z> U, ~ u.
CO O
>- • v
m CE
z o o o o -
«*> z
_j -* u
»-• o (A
o » o CM*» m*^ »« *•» «*^ »«*^> cw*^> m*^ ui
»- in o— • N. •* CM a:oo>v^fn»-'<*>w»o«^ w
t-4 «-< CM •->
«O O «f>
I U)
O X
t-
UJ Z
-I U
CD _l QC
ac u
< •-» »- ce
•-* >- > «/> x
«fl »=- < •-! 3
•-• z o o z
3 z> a
o o cr => z ui
_i o < ut a x
• o •-" z »o »-
« < ui «A o ac o
ui*-«zce « «r m o o ~? z
-------
OC
:D
u.
_J
CO'™' »•««
eo<*> •-«
•« \o
c*>«
in ro
o «•«
-o — <
CM
ON
«o ••«
€»>*•> CO *"•
eo
oo
eg
Q
UJ
O
o
o
CM
ce
O <^ O *^ O *"*»
ooo
o <°* O'*'
oo
O *"*
o
WJ
o
o
^
(X
O
O
>-
CD
a
•-4
I-
o
O
O
o
DC
OL.
_J O
UI O
^ »
UJ CM
-J •
=> .
O
O
*^ O'"' Q *> 0"^* O'*' O '>
OOOOOOOOO
C j
O *"* O '"^ O '"^ O *^*
OOOOOOOOO
QD
•-»
oe
U.
a
at
l*J
CO
UI
o
3
cc
CO
I
Ul
-J
03
» o ^«-»
»- in CM—
O • N.
•-4 I O
QC O K.
(/I V*
t—I
o
o
CO
m
CM
ID
CO <3T OH
f> »^
K. in
in w wi'
CM CM
in
CM
CM^
OX
o
«O
I/}
u
cc
a.
Ul
DC
«e
UI
X
cc
OL
<
Z
OO
ui
(9
=>
O
DC
UI
UI
O
CE
CO
UI
(O
ae
UI
UI
ui
z
ui
O
«/>
UI
ut
»-
o
-------
131
cc
CO
I «"•» CM r*
c*
N-
o
in
CM
o
co
o
o
ft <•> »•! •> CO **
o CM co m in CM
>o o *> •->
CM O O CM
O r»» «-i ~4
•* N. » •-«
CM w N. v<» N-w* COv-*
CM «T «-» CO
0
o
o
CM
o
o ^> o <•» o <*=i
o o o o
cc
UJ
z
o
a
o
CD
Z
o
a
o
cc
a.
_J O
UJ O
> »
LU CM
-I I
«-i
ceo
z> c.
Ifc. W^
o
o
B
»^
tn
O o O '"^
o o
O«^ O*^ O»™> O'"'
o o o o
O •"* O <^
o o
O*"» «O«^ O'^ ^<~>
o
O
<»
ro
Q
_J
UJ
6^4
u.
o
z
»«t
»-="
o
CO
ft-4
cc
h-
z
o
o
u.
o
cc
UJ
CD
u
X
o
O •-!
o *o*-»
in o •-«
o » f*>
»-< o
CC CO
. «^ ••» »H
i
tn o
in
a
•-i CVJ
o
v> \O »^
UJ
cc
a.
UJ
cc
UJ
a:
aa
«*
_l
<
t-
o
z
UJ
cc
<
a.
z
o
K=4
CC
o
t-^
cc
UJ
i- -
a
CC
z
o
-------
132
I f^ ^5 *^
3 in
to «•<
o
z
CD <»
O
O
O
CM
CNJ v^
in
ON
ro
<» N-
in —«
o ••»
o in
«r
o
vD
ro
o in
<»•
o
>o
o
Ul
O
o
o
tv
o ••» o *•»
o o
i f* o <•»
o o
o •->
o
<£>
*«*
a*
o>
>-
»—
z
o
>-
CO
a
a
cr
a.
ui
o
z>
cr
o
CO
•
o
I
CO
_) O
Ul O
>• 0
Ul CV)
-11
«-l
a: o
13 •
O
o
I
«-•
tn
' ^«% O *"^
o o
o •-»
o
o* -^ o
in
>O ^"> CM '^
O *•"> f) •">
i— m CMin 10 co
o • o» i*>
•-•to o
(£00 -«
*- o o»
tO oiv<* CO ^
CM
i *% C^ '^ ^^ '^
O O CO <**
- CM i
O f".
•- in
ce N.
i- r^
w> (/) <
CM •->
CM CO
K.
in
N-
N.
CM
Z
Ul
to
Ul
CC
Q.
Ul
CC
to
fr*H
to
Ul
CO
z
z
o
CD
Ul
CC
cr
ui
z
o
cr
o
tr
•«*
o
to
CC
m
Ul
X
o
z
-------
133
CO f* O *^
m «*> <*> CM
CMCM *}
^O ^5
N. <*>
ro O
CO r*
to in
CO CM
CO
•o
ox *^ >o *** in *"^ o ***
>O«
^ CM o in
o
z
0
Ul
r>
z
o
o
o
«
CVi
CE
UJ
>
a
O «
O
o <•* o ^>
o o
O
-I
UJ
1-4
u.
_l O
UJ O
^> o
Ul CM
-I I
••«
QC O
o ^
o
»^^ t^ ^^ O <^
o m CM o
tt
in
o ^>
o
CO
o
o
CO
z
o
o
3
O
a
ce
o.
cr
o
o
o
ID
CM
•
• O
»- in
o »
•-i •
ac o
t-
V)
f—t
o
o »•»
o
o «n •*
m
»-•
ac
^-
Z
Q
O
U.
O
oe
CO
CO CM
m CM
w <-» M> M v«
in
m
oo
Ulo*
CM
•o
in
in
o
O lw«4
O
o
m
CO
»» O
o »<
»« in
^9 ^)
*-» O ** CM *%
I *< o O «*»
CM
Z
Ul
(A
Ul
tr
a.
(A
>-l
CO
Ul
UJ
z
Ul
ac
<
o.
z
o
••«
ac
V)
ac.
ui
CD
»-i Z
O =>
O O
-J O
•
»
ui
Ul
Z
ui
z>
at
O
OE
-------
134
OJ »**•* «•! «"• O *"» in<^» o«*> oin inco
_» K. <» in N- o «-• N-
a
O O*** O *"» O*"* O «^
« oooooooooo
O a
U OJ
3 co
-z.ee. o
l—> U*~>S^O^N^V^«^<^ _J
t- > UJ
Z O i-l
o u.
O
w O
• Z
O>> V5 1-4
>O JO O*^ O *"» O'"' O •*» O<^ O <^»
o uj o o o o o o o
•=»>«> * 00
• UJ CM « •-•
• -I • «4 OC
>- «-• in i—
>"• . C^ o
=> U. ^ ( 1 <•>
O _l ^-^
03 ^ J u.
«o o
>- I
CD ff
O O<^ O <* O^> O <^ O'^ O " lit
z ooooooooo too oo
O • CO Z
g
o- >-
tn z
_i «n u
O i8» O <»x«> <^^> CM«-> O ^* <•»«-» ^ »~ «-«<>> «f-> O*> Ul
»- tn o «• »« o mm eM«« «•»••* oc
ui o • ceo o « N. i«^ >o oc
te i- CM «n cw in o
O (/) w «->
CO O CO
I Ul
" X
UJ Z
« UJ
flo -i oc
O t/)
< « a:
z oc ui
< »- m
•* >- w x
«O I- «> •-! S
»*• Z U) O Z
331
o a o or tu
-i o o uj z
• z z >- > qc >-
•O-Jt-tr-tuifOUJ •
ujwoxorz«i- »
«- iC O t» *->
-------
135
f> »> O» •"» CM *~»
^ oo oo ••• iri «• m co i^. «•« o <•><*>
_jco in « CM
CM K. oo «» <•> f»1 *rf s^ <-» CM *^ %^ v^
O o *^ O »^ O'°» O*^ O*^ O •"» O *^ O *•» O*^ O *>
*-. OOOOOOOOOOO
o *
bJ CM
=> to
z oe o
«— i UJ^x^x«^v>^^v^v^v^v^v^ _i
UJ
z o
o
(3
_J O O •"» O <"» O *•* O *^ O ••> O ** O '"^ O *•• O<~> O <~> K-
UIO OOOOOOOOOO =>
> » OD
UICNJ »-•
_ii tr
-« r^, »-
QCO v>> K> vx vrf <«rf \rf <— • <^ vrf wv/2
3 • CT) O
Uu^» j O
_l % ^
=9 U.
«A O
v oe
O O •"> O *"k O <~> O'^ O*"» O ** O <» O <•* O«~> O »^ UJ
OOOOOOOOOOO 00
O - I
O H-
tr
OL >-
O • O ^<^ O»~» O*^ O*> O*^ K>«»- f^^H O ^* O«"» rfX «»• U)
»- tf\ o o o otM »M o*« otn o o o> ^ cr
LJ o • m x> in co «no.
O »-i I O>Mv«« 00 U
Z> CE O «OO4)« OOC
DC I- O •* « CO CM
O U) v«» «rf vrf CM««* ** »rf «*> s^ ^« «^ «-> v^ «/)
•— r •_>
GO O • X
ClO »- 3
»-» z z
=> 3
O O «A < < UJ UJ
_l O UJ -I »-i Z U1«A< X
• _JQ:=)O»-I j 3 i- «n t-
• _l Ul O K _l ^IO«-iUt •
u ui*-*xose:»-«rxxo •
H- >-(^o«totroc< o
M ub.o_izaa: z
-------
136
3 in*- O\ »t CM CM OO ^O
u. « » *-> to > m <•> o>
O -« OX
Z *4
O CJ1^^ C5 ^* C? *"^ CJ ^^
•~ o o o o o o
o •
UI CM
Z) «0
•z cc. a
t- •> ui
•z o •-•
a u.
• z
O> tO *~"
9> U1O O O O O tn CM 3
•H 3» • ^ 00
• UICM f» »-•
*" •* "^ CT> *~
z =>^ v w ^ ^ ^ ,4 o
O =3 U.
«« 1 o
>• I
co ac
o o<-» o<-«O'^O'> o - <•»*> «p «-> _-o»* -iw*-» - m *+ ui
»- m o»w K. »« o »«~«» com ec
ui o » m CM K.«T« mo a,
O(-4|«44cr mq-cvi ui
=>acomco oo - in in »n
o to cvjvx o *•* ***
»-l ^4 O •"•
co a in «a
i ui
u x
i-
ui z
-I UI
oo _i _i ae
< •< «< <
»- i- i- a.
a o
t- h- z
»-•
I- Ui
o >- «fl
< M < OE
Z QC »- UI
•ec 1-07 OD
»•* >- €0 3E
<0 »- M O
•-» Z O Z
=> 3
O O UI
-j u o x
• z »-
•
-------
137
re oO'r> CM **•
o «oo <*>*•>
U. •-••-• >O
_l 0 m
*"» to*1* O*^
CM
O
O
I
• •
UJ CM
J •
«-•
QC O
=> «
O *^
O
O'1*
O
O**>
O
O *•*
O
__.
CO
O
«J
UJ
•-«
b.
£D
»-i
1C
»-
2
CD
Z
O
O
O
oO«-« K-«*>
<"» O *> O ^> O *^
OOOO
Oi
1-1
CD
O
o
ee
0.
UJ
O
=3
OS
O
CO
I
O
O
•
» O
i- irt
o •
»-• I
ocu
«-*
O
m«« eo««
rtfi
O CM
»«(n
CM ••
•» O **
o o
«/)
Ui
DC
oc
«/S
•-•
(A
U
X
DO
UI
OC
Z
•«
O >-
•-• t-
X Z
O 3
*-* O
X U
z
<
o
UI
z
3
a
O
cr
O
M
ui
UI
4«
UI
CD
X
UJ
X
UI
h-
o
-------
138
CO r* CM*"* O *> «O ** «•"»
eo »•« eo cv «o «o m « o<*»
« O *N O *•"» O <^ O '^ O<^ O""* O«^ O 'N
*^ OOOOOOOOOOO
O •
UJ CV
^ * 2
o
-JO O<^ O<-» O«^» O '^ O*> O **
o o o o o o o ^vrf^w»«WSrf CM""* O<^ O<^ O^ Ul
ooooooo tv»«-« o o o m
Ul
o
ce
O"> O*^ <>•"» O <^ Ul
o ocviin o oo o o o • ?
I-* H- i
S 5 i
5 S » Is
3= »- -J Z «A i-
•^fO -10 (C<90 •
waci-tztuws uizx •
H* Q«-OOD^:»-UJUJ«-»O ui
2 •* 55o r-
*^ -
-------
139
iO *•» K. «•* O *•• O«^ «»)«•»
o o> N. <»• «>4 mcM
_IN.rON.»4 >O «•« >O >o »^ «H m in «
i/l CM ro
W>S^W«^
O
O O «"» O *^ O •^ O*^ O »•» O »^ O**> O *^ O *+ O <">
*-. ooooooooooo
o *
" W M
z cc °
M LJ^^W^V^WW^^WW _1
_J O O<^ O •"» O*^ O*-» O*^ O*^ O*^ O ^ O*^ O •^
U) O OOOOOOOOOO
I-CEO ^x«».^»>«www^»rf ._^ Z
i £^- f? 2
5 = fe
W3 O
>- • „
CD *
O f> <"» O *^ O *•» O<^ Ul
z o eo »« o o in— o o in** o o o CM CD
o • m o »* ° *
,_, _ IP «*> CM •"• ^
H- t -« fc
« ^ W
^ Ifix^ww'krfwww^'ww Ul
O *
O K
£
o z
^ o 3
O » O ®« O-^> O»~» •*'» *•«» «**» O*"» - =>
X Z Z
U 3
•- O Ul UJ
Z O Ul X Z X
• « o se _j o o t-
» K-ZOUJ-zr« *
»- oa_t(0(£i-)c«c
-------
140
cO *"* *frf^ (*»• *"* ^ ^^ *•* ^ O *^ If) ***
o «•« in ^ ••««-• N-—• CM CM i/>»« h-—• mm
O K. fl O «t ^* w« «-•
N.CMr^CNJ CO O O N- O
O O*^ O''51' O*™* O*** O *"» O ** o*^ O*"* o*^» O ^*
*% ooooooooooo
Q a
UJ CM
=> 1/5
Z Of O
•"•4 LftJ Vrf* ^p' \^ %^» ^^ V^ ^rfr %•* K^ ^^ ^J
»- 3» LU
Z O »4
a u.
o
^ a
t z
O t/} »-l
^ _J O O^» O<^ O<* O'""* O *^ O ** O *^ O ** © *> © <*» l~
o> uo oooooooooo =>
** > » CC ao
• Ul (M ,.., »-•
_j i o; Q.
>. ^, , »j l_
^» QC O v^ v ^^ «> v^ v^ ^> %^ ^^ w^ 2
Z => • O
3 U.-« O
a _i ,
03 u.
(/) O
>- •
CD QC
O O<^ O'^ O*^ O'™> O'** © *^ CM ^^ ©'s © *"» © ^^ U
z ooooooo »••«•• o o o m
O . M 3L
•-i ** m 3
»- I O Z
O -* CM
3 lf>K»WWWS^W«-'^XWVX UJ
O • X
o »-
cr
a. »-
o z
-JO Ul
»-> • «/>
e * o o^> -- ••» ' o<^ - o»^ • o*» •>*% O'^ o«^ o^ o<^ ui
»- «n o<*> oooomcxioooo et
ui o • -H O QL.
Q »•« • O O UJ
o ae o « CM cc
CE »-
OCA s-*v>«-«vo\->v^\rf«rfv>^-< %fi
»-i »-•
- X
«-• t- Ul =>
X Z _J Z
O 3 (/I Ul
•-» O •-< Z Ul Z Ul
x o o O*-tO Ul
< O UJ t- Ul CO > Z
-------
141
O ^»i O CM O CM
u, o CM «* CM «r
_| tf *-t «•« wf <*4
3 CM CM CM
O >O
w ro w ro «-»
O
z
o o **» o «^ o **»
*=* o o o o
Q o
tsJ CM
3 *^>
2 C£ O
>— 1 tij <«y Va' *J< _J
»- :> iiJ
Z O •=•
O U-
U
« a
t z
•-•
*~* *^> •"• "^ *="
a wo o CM •** CM •-• =)
*-i > o O O CD
a UICM CO CO •->
* _J I >O - «-i
i= ceo v* « w. )- " z
z => « <^ o
3 U.-4 , , O
a -J
03 U.
t/} O
>• I
CD ce
O O "^ OO *~» CO ^> UJ
Z O O 00 »-" O Z
«J «-i vl «-t
o in «-> •-* s^ «-i>-> iti
a x
o »-
cr
a. >-
o z
-JO UJ
»-• • CO
a A o o«-> ^'^ ««» at
t- n o o in om O CM CC
oc I— «•) *n
c> t/j «-• r- vrf is. «— «/>
•—( •— >
00 O V)
I Ul
U X
>-
UJ Z
_l U
en -J -J ae
U »- IX)
>-< < ae
z ae i-» uj
•« »- w» m
o >- «o x
l-< »- »4 3
X Z Q Z
O 3
•-» O UJ
X O X
• I-
» o
UI UJ •
t™ Z Ui
«t >- »-
»~ < o
(AX Z
-------
142
O *^ IP •"• O <~> <*)•"> «» »"» CM'*' CM ^ «O ^* CO ^
o N. <•> co CM — • o eo o »•• h-.»-« in «» «<•> CM o>
<»>»-• N. o <*> ro CM O«*- O» O •* CM
ro « f> «-» v4«-tQk O CM «•*
in ao «y to K> «•« «•> tn
O O*^ O**» rr) f* O **> o**> O1*^ O '^ O*"* h**^ O*™4
<-> o o o«o*-« o o o o OON. o
O o o «->
Ul CM «-• «
3 O Ov c«
z cc «i m o
••»* UJ ^i' V^ *•* K> ^X ^^ ^i^ *^ CO \^ «^ .J
H- a» uj
z o »-«
o u.
U
V CP
I Z
O> (/} >-i
O'* >—
a LJ o o o o o o o o min o o r>
•4 > » N. CD
• UJ CM - -« CM f-j »-
I— Q£O »^ vx *^ w s*'^' vx»rf v^ «-< v—' Z
z 3 • C-^ a
^ u,«* o
O _!
o o u.
«/J - v. O
>- I
OD Q;
O O*^ O''* O«** O<^ O** O*^ O^> O^> IA»"* O'1* UJ
Z OOOOOOOOO N. «» O CD
O • » X
*-* ** « o
»- • *o z
O ^ CM
3 ^••••WVrft-'WMVrfVWM UJ
0 X
O I-
a:
Q- »-
o z
_i O UJ
»-t • W»
o • o A^> o**» o*^ o •"• o** o*"* o ** o*^ jo*^» o o o o o o o ac o N. h- S^^^K^<^W«<«)<>»V «/)
•-• •-•
CO O M
• Ul
« X
UJ Z
-I hi
co ae
< <.
•- o.
z
M
•—t
a. «/)
a. ac
•—i t.i
«/> to
ui >- x
•-• >- =>
VJ Z Z
M 3
•- o z z ui
x o a z ax
• »- H- •-» «> K.
• iu o «« _i u* nc ac »
uj «nuiKzujaeZ(AUJu •
»- z»~ce«-i(rzuioiLu. ui
< <»-»«3>QC«IUJZ«rtU, I-
»- ox_iooocQ:««tuj o
-------
143
or to»"» o *•» ^*^ o*"» in ••» o ••"• CQ« «•>«•* o <•» *^*™»
3 COO «-«-i —i f» 8} CM «•* •« CM CM CO** O* lf» 'O •«-« CO CM
u. CM« h» CM c* >*> "O O
ZD CO CM lA N. -• O O «MM m •«-! OO OOOOOO
o * m o>
bj cv in <*>
3 in o i/>
z or —» o o
t- > ^ UI
Z O •-.
o u.
o
^ o
O^ trt fr-4
>o —J o in ^^ o *** o ^^ ^ ^N o *** o ^^ o^^ o *** o ^*^ o ^ ^
o uj o N.CM o o tn-« oooooo =3
«^ > » O O 00
• uj CM «H
>— in O ^» o oi>~«« o o cc
UJO»0>*. CM CM OL
i^oroo^o m K. cc
i—« , t
00 O
ui
z z
-J O
o to
io
-------
144
or
o o CM tnin >o •» o •» s. K. roeo roco
_i CM w «-• s^ *-» «-> O v> ON-* —J
t~ > »- ••« Ul
Z O •-•
o u.
^^ ^3
• z
Qv (/) H-4
>O i^ C^ C5 '^ C^ ^^* C^ ^^» C^ ^^ ^3 '^ '"^ ^^ f^ '^ ^"^
O^ ^1C? C^ ^3 C3 C3 €5 ^O ^O ^0 flO •••^
»< >• « CO CO CO
o UICM —I *< M
o> _j • or
oro u
o
o
o
O 3 C^J UK
tO O
>- I
m or
z OOON.«-»O»«»-«OOOC>>CO co
O • « If* CD CD Z
*->«-> |/i O O
O 2
-JO Ul
>-4 • >m or
Ul O » CM CO CM 00 CM O.
O »-< I « K. K Ul
z> or o *» m in or
oc »- a K. fw
eo o M
I Ul
t> Z
h-
Ul Z
-J Ul
ca _i _» or
a. o H- «o
a. « •« as
<-> ae >- ui
M fr- CO CD
«-« O Z Ul
zoo x
• z «/> t~
• a z •
Ul (O Z Ul M O •
»- o. »- z sc o ui
< X *^ >> _l N I-
^- •-• z - Z
-------
145
o *^ O *"»
O f* O«-«
U. O O O
-J N- N. N.
3 O O O*"»
*=•» O O O O
O o
UJ CV
Z3 VO
•Z t£ O
f-4 UJ VX »-• *«> I
»- 2> UJ
Z O •-.
O • • U.
O
^ O
* Z
O CO t-4
-O —I O O*> Oo O«> I—
O UJ O O O O =3
-i I »--.• er
co ce
O O'^ O ^* O*^ Ul
Z O O O O CO
o • z
••H •* 3
»- I Z
o «•<
O »f\ v> ^^ w ^j
Q • X
O I-
tr
Q. I-
o z
-i O Ul
»-• • «/>
O • O O«^» O*"» O^» UJ
»- lf( O O O ct
ui o • a.
O •-• I Ul
=> QC O K
cc t-
O W) vrf «-» w« «/)
t-4 |_,
WO «A
—I UI
CD _l _l OC
- v> co
=> >- "> X
a H- »-• r>
fcO Z O Z
CO 3
•-« O O U)
z o ui x
• z »_
• *•* •
Ul U. •
K- U Ul
< o p:
»- z o
Crt O Z
-------
146
m *•» Q*"» o *•* m •»•»
CM ** ^ *& ^O
*^ 4O ^^ O* f*l
* *< «-i CM ro
m
^5 w*^% f^ ^*» f^ ^\ f^ *•> CJ ^"* ^5 ^"°* ^5 **^ G? *^ G^ *^ CJ '^
*"> O f^CM O»< tV CM O O O O O O O
o • m oo o
UJ CM O C*J «-•
3 oo in in to
z o: ^> -• o
>»• ijj V^ W ^«* ^^ VX ^# W %«^ ^^ N^ «•&
*- > UI
z a i-i
o u.
«^ o
I Z
O tO i—i
uio o o «n -H o o o o eo <*> o o =>
> • C > *~
oro to* V^CM^> «—• <—' v« wtn^-* »-* ^-* /--,"• z
3 • <• J O
U.T-1 O
CO CC
^^ c^ *"* ^^ *"^ ^^ *^ in **^ ^» '^ in ^^ ^^ **^ i^" **^ in *^ co ^^ ui
z o o o OQD**O*CMO<*) o in «•• *"> ft o oo
O • |k<«M CU « Z
»-•«-• <^ CM in om 3
t~t »H CO K. K. f> Z
O «-( CM CM «*»
19 in <-' w v^ \^ w CM *•> «L-> %-• ^ w UI
Q • X
a fr-
ee
Q. >-
o z
-I O UI
i—i • tO
t- in o o CM or
uj o • m in ao in a.
o*-i| «-> oo ro no oo in ui
=> or o m CM N- o m or
or H- eo - X
«* H- O
I- Z Z
Z =3
O O UI
X O Z O X
- or _i or >- H-
» ouizorzzuiuifr-bi »
ui xzouiao*-*>-«orz »
»- »-tQD»-tO_IU,OUIO UI
•« o- »-»_J«<««<
-------
147
O '""• CM^ CM ** K.«-> CM <"» in •"» CM «~» O « N. •"> O «"•
«-•«> -«CM OCM «rf» o oo m m m-c o N-in o
O^ O ** O *•» O ^ <> <> O *^ O *•»
*=^ O O N-— O O O O O <»•»* O O
O * ft 1^
Ul CM ^ -*
o
I- 5k UJ
z o *-«
O U.
O
«-x O
• z
O i/J »-«
**•» O *•» O*^ O «^ O *% O»"» O *N f>*^ O*^> *-
O LJ O «-(«-< ro^ O O O O O O «*) CM O 3
«-> > » ^ «•) »-«
» _l I CM OC
>- « «n LD i—
t— CCO <^ *-• vx K-» «-» ^^ ^x v^ w> v-» f"_) Z
z =* • rvj °
3 U.~t OJ O
O _J
O 3 U.
vo O
>- I v
CD or
O »-!'•» O»-k O *> O«~> O *•» v«^s h. <^ O *•» O^N ro »~> Ul
z o » <*> o o o o «-» m *rf LJ
O . X
o »-
ce
0. >-
o z
-JO LJ
»-« • WJ
O • * »•-'-» O«-» 4O *"» fD» < «>•** «•«(« v««> O*^ |w«% O*^ tei
»— in m CM o *»•>•* oro o> ••« «»« mot o m«^ o ce
LJO»O o- in in « o m o.
o « i co mcM«om«o o u
=?eom «o^«n«»« «» oc
cr i— w* ^< o Krf «-» <*>«-• w •« «-» %* +* *s \* \* I/}
>-«*>( >x
CO O 10
I U)
<-> X
»-
UJ Z
—I UJ
00 ce
(A
CC
Ul
< a
Z >- X
- z -i u z
z o _i >•
o a uj •-• t- u
z o x ce a j z x
• oQ x »
uj tuujui_jujco|-'Zui:3 »
»- booox(oujcea-j«t ui
«r bOZxoowiuj»-ocD >-
»- OOO^OOXUIO*-* O
vi z:a.a.a:ce
-------
148
a:
r> ««-< r«- o I*, o
u. * mirt <•> in
-J o in in
r> eo m m
1/5 CM CM
«-• ro w> «•> v>
o
z
*-> O O
O • CM CM
LJ CM r«l CO
3 O O «5
z ce I*. *. a
i-l LJ w/ ^ «— _|
>- > U
20 •-«
O k.
iO -JO CO*^ ••««-» »H •-»
<> Ul O •-»-* «M O^
«-< 3* • CD ND 'O
« UJCM ik. m in
• -J i o o
>- ^. -< »H
*~ QCO « «v^ to ^f
z 3 • a
3 U.*4 O
O _J
O =J U.
«/) O
>• i
CD QC
O >O*~> N. ^ N. *•• UJ
Z O N.*< l*» O> «*> O* OD
O « K. "^ ^ >^ ui
o * x
o »-
DC
CL »-
O Z
-JO tJ
MO V)
O *t» O O^> lk.«~> *. *> £O
*- in o mo mo cr
ui w • CM o «M» «/>
•-« CM CM »-•
CO O «0
• Ul
O X
*-
Ul Z
-J Ul
a» _i _j ac
< «s < <
^- i- »- a.
o a
i- »~ z
»-•
t- Ul
O h- «J
M < ec
a: i- u
< *- «fl OD
Z >- U) X
«* I- *-• 3
*- Z Ul O Z
Z => Z
o a o ui
ac o i- x
• in »-
»x »
Ul O •
*- -I Ul
«« _J I-
H- Ul O
-------
149
(£. in*™1 in »••> O ••» K.<"» CM •"» O> *•» CO *•» »* *•» O *~> CM1
Z3 f-cw o <•» «o <** oo •
u> {j-vo m in in CM •** <* o «•» CMO <•>
_j N. o <*i o o in CM
3 o o «-• CM <•» -«
co o o CM
v>4W W W W W W ^^ ^^ *«4 ^^ '
O
z
O o*"* Or* O<^> O<^ O<^ O^ O *^ O'^
«"« OOOOOOOOOOO
O 0
UJ CV!
o «
3Z Qi O
*—« UJ\-»>_»v^»^*-»««<^rf _J
S— > Ld
Z O •-!
o u.
o
w O
I Z
O CO »-t
O _IO O*™* O*^ O<"^ O*^ O<^ O^> O*^ O*^ O *^ O*> K—
O Ul O OOOOOOOOOO =>
»* > o CD
« Ul CM f"- »-i
« -I I A—1 *
>- v« *—' t-
I— CCO <-* sx ^^ <-» ^^ wr «-• sx v«> C'j Z
z o • o
u u. «-• o
O _l
O 13 - v U.
- I
m ce
O O"~> O^ O r* O«™« O ** O ^ O ^ O <•» O «^ O <~» UJ
Z OOOOOOOOOOO 03
O - X
«->»-• ZJ
N- t 2
O «-i
3 lf)wrw>w>SrfV«K^%<>w««^v^ UJ
Q I
o *-
oc.
a. »>
o z
-to ui
i- in oo m—• o o o o o oo •* m«o o ce
ui o • *t K CM in o* CM a.
O «-" I O CM O ceoo<*i o CM ce
«o o «o
I UI
«-> x
UI Z
^ u
00 Of
»- CL
to
ce
- X
-H>- Z>-OZZO_IOCOCJ UI
•t zujzocececei-xz t-
»- QU.U,OXXJC_l Z
-------
150
VD *"• in <•>
«r CM o in N. ct
^) o ^ in
m ~i o •« incMincM
CO N. CM <•» «-« «•«
CM CM ** O O
o
z
CP ^9 ^** ^^ *"* f^ f^ C? *""* ^5 ^"*
^ ooooooo
O »
UI CM
z o: a
t-xUJvxv^v^v^v^^x _J
H- > LJ
Z O i-4
O U.
O
vy O
I Z
O (/> •**
as ui o o o o o o o =>
•^ ^ 9 CO
« UI CO •-.
• —I I _ QC
t— CCO v»» «^s^ v^ V_F v^ f^HJ Z
Z O « /X, O
3 U. «4 v J O
O —I
U => > U,
«o ; o
m ce
O O*"» •*/•» O'^ O <^ »* *•» »^ *% UI
z o o »«in o o «^ m «*>m CD
t-i »• CM CM «M 3
H* § f> I"O l*> Z
o «-i o o o
O m^9*^*»'*'^<>>4'v> UI
Q • X
a i-
CL t-
O Z
_) O UI
»— m «• CM o mCM o CM *•« CM «->CM ac
o *-i i cv cv in »-< «^ ui
racco** inmp^M as
ce >- « « *« »«
•-< •_«
oo o 10
I UI
O X
»-
UI Z
-I Ut
ca _j _j ce
< - w>
•-• <* ce
•< ae i- ut
x t- «> at
to >- to ac
•* »= U. •-» 3
ce z u. o z
co 3 at z 3
ui o a a —i ui
z o _i 10 ca x
• _l _l O »-
• _j t~» ac to *
ui •-« x
-------
151
a
z
o o *•* o ***
« o o o o
Q o
bJ CM
3 CO
2 tr Q
•"• UJ V* S^ ««< _J
>- > UJ
z o *-,
o u.
— • » a -O - »< CM CM CM /• • v I-
N- CCO v«» w »-• , 2
Z 3 • C j O
3 U.-* O
O _J
o =t u.
v r
CO CC
O O *^ O*^ O** Ul
Z O O O O CO
o « x
g * *
K
0- H-
O z
-JO uj
»-" • «0
O *» O O*» Oo »*^ - - ui
H- m o o o cc
ui o • a.
o »-i i ^
O CC O K
cr t-
O (/) ««* w« ** t/i
»-» »-•
CO O M
- UJ
DO _I J 5
4 «t 4 <
«-i-»- a.
a a
*- *- z
«—•
i- ui
01- V)
•-• < ec
cc t- u.
t- t« en
u
UJ >_
>- o
Z JC
-------
152
QC c> *•» in '"* in "• CM*"* ••* *"» O '^ CV» O *"»
3 ON. co-=r com <-««-« CON- o « ••« CD o « ••• o eo
(/) » K CO bJ
z o «
o u.
U
^ o
I Z
O UJ t-t
» ui o CM«*> -^i»» co in o CM — ' o o o r>
— « » • N- O CM «-• OCM OD
o UJ CM O <3- N. x i-t
o _l I <» -O O »« _,, OC
>- ** in «n f) «») t_J H-
N- QC O ^vj> W< (*> ««> «»• «-« v^ t^ vx ««* »~^ Z
Z 3 o »H CM (• t O
o u.^« '•Jo
O _j
O 3 U.
o o
>- I
CO QC
OO«">eo»"*O»""»O'™»cO*"» O'^O<^>O«™» UJ
Z O O Ov^i/"\»-«CO»-'«-'''r>v"r «-• v^ vx uj
0 . « X
o t-
cc
O. H-
— CM Z
«J O O UJ
•-» • • U)
a *^ o o ^> ••» ** o *^ o "» ** *+ ••» cvi*>^'^o*1^ ' x '
H-tn o m f~ o. — < oojooi— o»tMK.in o cc
u o • co in cc o «->«-( (*)ocm«r -ae
cc»- o»») n»-—
UM »-* O> v ^ ^-> «-> fj Nrf - «n z
XI- •-« =»
z o z
3T Z> «*
U O I- ffi UI
Z O _» >- •-• _J X
• UJ ui or •< i-
* «A > _i ac > *
ui ui u z *t o •
H- s» >- «« « a ui
« c> ui _i x zacto z
-------
153
13 ft (M O «
I*. O»* N. CM
_l O O
13 ••* »->
co <•) co
O O *=* O ^^ \f\ ***
« O O O N. *«
O o O
Ld CM CO
2 or o
«=« UJ w> w> vrf t
t- > Ul
z o _
o u.
tj
w . X
O U) _
•O _l O O«^ O<^» <» *% »-
O UJ O O O CVJ »H 3
«-« > • O «M • - 00
o U CM «i __ _ i^
0 -• • «-• -^ i OC
>- -4 « CO'n> Ul
Z O O O O «0 00
o « 101 «« at
•-« -* in 3
*= • eo 2
o ** «
3 Ift ** ««» f> «rf Uj
O • «4 X
s -
^
-JO UJ
•-« • tf>
a o o AI«> -to ^* -o» •** * ui
i— maa«^4*>"< ui
=> ae o «n m
>^ (^ ^^
« O «,
o S
u, -
— ' Ul
OD _j _i ce
•« < «t 5
»->-»- ct
o o
»- I- Z
•—I
I- Ul
001- „,
0 M «* QC
«-• OS I- ^
X »- tf» Q
Ul >- «0 x
X H- .-4 o
20 2
3K 3 Z
Ul O I.,
Z O Z x
< H.
«0
-------
154
O ^ O *"^ O "> o
=> O O O-* O«-« O
u. >-»»^v<> _J
^ > u/
Z O c=.
O U.
O
^ cs
• Z
O (/> t-4
O.JOO'"»O*"»O''>O''"*O<"» I—
O Ul O O O O O O 3
«-« » » ao
a UJ CV l-i
" -1 * *
O _J
CJ 3 U.
to a
>- I
CD cr
O O *"^ O *^ O ^"* O *^ O *"* i.i
ZOOOOOO CD
O a X
o x
O H-
cr
a- i-
O Z
-JO LJ
O a o o^*"» »•«*-» O •"• t3*~>< O'*~> <- Ul
^ Ifl <»«^ — • "•• O »O ceo-t
H- Ul
O »- «J
»-* «* QC
^ tr >- ui
ac i- u) CD
O >- «O X
>-•=>•-* 3
z to a z
3T Z> Z> •<
Ul O O Z> Ul
z o >- u a> x
« z <: z> i-
» < ee < •
UJ O - 3 ui
< _i i- « »-
*- -J « X O
« O
-------
155
in »••
CM —•
N.
CM
CM O
*•» O •"*
in •* o
o
cc
UJ
>
o
cc
O
CO
t
«
»
*» O -V^
^ i
cc o
o
-
I H-
**• Z
(£3
O O
zo
*
•
Ul
o
Z
•
UJ
Z
LJ
CD
at
=}
Z
hi
>-
QC
-------
156
& r\ so '"* o*™» »H^% eo *"* 00 *"^
ZJ CO-=» «-i«-t in •"• O «-<«»• vi O «-t O
u. o» o co «o o> <»> o* <•>
_i CM N- <*> »i ro m
z> ro >o m CM o ^
O ^> O *^* O ^*
« o ro«r o o o o o o»
O • »•• f*^ f*^
UJ CO CO CO (A
z tr o m (*> Q
t^ UJ •-!*-' w s^ *-• >^ CM «— • CM «-> _J
f- > Ul
Z O «-•
O U.
O
^ o
I Z
Ox CO »-«
O _IO N-*^ O<% O*"* **n Qf^ in <^ U> <^* I—
o> LJ o m«-> o o co «-i o CM tn CM IT =>
v4>»N. CM «-i«4 00
a IUCM K. «-• in m »-<
o _j § o K. o >o ^ oe
~
o => u.
IO , O
>- I
CD QC
o o^-* o ^> o <™« o<~> <•»<-> m *N m *^ LJ
z o o o o o tn CM «•> «*> «*>m CD
o* «th.«niK.«^ z
»-c ~4 ^x»^v^'a''.^-sT^^ UJ
0 X
O I-
(£
Q. »-
O Z
-JO UJ
t-t •
O « O O"""> O *~« O <"> O«^> *"• UJ
t— m o o CM «*> o r>- m f\ tf> m « oe
uj o o «r m«-i»-i9»->'4' o.
o •-! i ro «o'*)'r> LU
OQCO »* vtrotn QC
IT I- <» «» «• *
OU) w> v^«-i»^«-«^)^^<3'«-'^-^^ (/)
t~i *-•*-< »-•
CO Q *"
U UJ
O X
I-
UJ Z
_l UJ
oa -i -i ce;
«t - «/>
2£ i-t « OS
< OC I- UJ
o i— ui co
>- (/> X
X >~ »-« 3
I- Z O X
or r>
O O UJ
z o uj >/) x
_J X »-
_* < •
UJ •-• UJ "!£. *-i •
H- :> a. cr o _j ui
< Z O < QC _l »-
. . i >_ _i O
-------
157
O>«. O «"» O <"» O*~» O »•» * *"» ^
in-* o o o o m «•« in
£ s a
to «•>
O
z
O O*~» O <""» O <*^ O^» O <"> O«"»
^ oooooooo
Q "
U CVI t/)
1 o: 3
f-iUJ^v^wwwwv -*
»- => „
Z O ja.
O
o ca
• z
• •-«
^5 _| O O<^ O «^ O<-» O^* O""» O<» O*^ tl
Os UJO 0000000 =
•-» ;> » ,_,
• uj CM L'. £*•
»a ''I ' -^ £
t_EO^''^^'-'^^wti O
Z => •
o o« O^H o«^
o o o -«• o o o o-» 0*4
*0 O O
- ° ° 2
I m mm
g
O » O O*> O*^- O *>
I— in O OO<^
uio« ooooo
o •-• t >o in K. « eo
^CCo r*»OO'O
Ki- »tnomm
o «« ^ w CNJW
**
SO O
a
oc >-
i- »«
100
o o ui
Z
• >-» Ut X
Ul U. Z O O
t- uj w tr oe
«c o -i z oe
H- z _i o o
«« 3 < Z X
-------
158
QC C5 ^^ lO ^* ^5 <•» i^ ^^ ^3^^ €5 <^^
3 om o»< o<:> o>o o-< o-^
U. ©•* tr\ m Ol'l COCM O«*J Oro
_j e> «r O N- K. N.
i/5 ro ^? ^f GO ^^ ^^
o
z
o o **** o '^ o *"* o '^ o ^^ o <**
ooooo oo
UJ
z tr o
1=1 UJ «-^ •-* ^^ v^ V^K^ _J
H- 3> LU
z o »-•
o u.
o
v-- O
I Z
O UJ •-<
O -JO O'^ O «^ O<"» O *^ O*^ O *% h-
O LJO OCVJ O O O CM O O Z>
«-t > • O O QD
« UJ CVJ »-" «-i >-*
• _i i -* x ce
>- «H IV CM • I ^
oo ac
OO'~»O'~»O'>O^^ OoO'^ UJ
Z O O<-> O O O -< O O 00
0*00 x
•-< »< C\J CNJ 3
I- I Z
U «M
Z> |D v> \^ v^ •_> «^ <— • UJ
O • X
o »-
a:
a. »-
^ CM Z
-JO O UJ
>-> » * I/)
O * C^ O *"* ' O '"^ O *"* •• ^9 ** ' *"* O1^^ d O *^ UJ
i— m OK- o cr
ujo»oooo»->ooo a.
a»-it>O'^O(s.*~iinin ui
3Kootn<*>9(£OO ac
a: i- oo N- eo CO «^ «/3 <>«-• O> «-»
CO O O «0
I UJ
U X
*-
UI Z
-I UJ
CD _i _J ac
«t a: a: ui
z »- >- OD
O >- «fl 40 X
XI- M >-« O
<< z o o z
-I 3
2c a uj
a o x
• z *-
» —I M »
Ul O UJ UJ X »
I- U Z Z Ul Ui
< Z 3K >- Ul I-
I- •-• « < QC O
«« _i a. a. o z
-------
159
O'"* o *•»
o
o
O ^»
o
*"» O *^
oo
(K
1,1
>
O
•
CO
—JO
UI O
» a
wevi
~
Q
O *+
O
«^ O *^
OO
** O *•»
O O
'
z
o
O
o
O *•*
o
*-* O *•*
oo
O
Ul
OD
O
-3
s
Ut
O*"> O **
ocw o«
o o
o «o
o
om
o
-• O«~> O ^*
o*«»-o» CM <-»
Ul
(A
(T
ui
a >-
x »-
< z
-I =>
a* o
O O
Ul
tfl
Ul
Ul
O
O
Ul
Ul
X
(/>
3
U.
^
O
Ul
Ul
U.
_J
4
QC
Ul
Ul
00
Ul
00
Ul
«~
O
-------
160
o
UJ
I-
z
o
tv
o
u.
o
2
O
•>
CM
ce
jliJ
>
o
I
JO
UJ O
> »
LU CV
=> •
O<"» O *"» O *"»
oirt oo o <• oo
o o«-» o o
o <»>
o«-t
O *"*
o ••*
o
O<^ O *"• O **» O1^* O «•» O <"»
OOOOOOOOOO
U.
o
QC
UJ
CD
Q
o
oc
0.
-1
•-t
o
UJ
o
=>
or
o
80
I
O
u
_l
OD
0
o
» o
>- m
O a,
«-i|
oc o
»-
to
|_
O
o
m
tn
** o *»
o o <-<
O
*< o
o<*)
O
c\J
in
o
m «-» vx oo x^ *^
«^ o
o o
O
o>
o
in
w -o
Ul
X
tf>
at
tc
Q-
UJ
ne
UJ
X
I-
z
U
tr
-
XI-
^O
a o
•
•
uj
z
a
ac
ui
UJ
x
ut
a:
UJ
>->a.
uj
0
O
«c
x
UI
o
0
O
o
0
O
-------
161
u.
-I
=>
CO
a
z
K. O f) CM in OO
O* «•!<•> <•» O
o in «o o w*
O « CM O
<•> ••« N. CM
v4«^ «-i%^ w m srf
OCM
o
CM
00
CM
o
o
o
o
a
LJ
t-
Z
a
o
o
•o
o
o
ev
a:
LU
O •"•
o
-JO
UIO
> a
UJCM
-I I
V4
OC O
>^% O **
o o
c.
a
o
CD
Z
o
o
o
(E
W)
o
o
o in «•
o
CM
f\ in *%
CM mm
O
C*
CM
Ul
t=<
u.
(9
Z
co
1-4
QC
^»
Z
O
o
u.
o
OC
CO
X
3
in
o
o
•-*
cc
I-
V)
l-l
o
in
9
I
O
CVJtM
(*>
CM
O
«>. •« «*l CM
CM
in
O
OK
W
1-1
oe
^
w>
1-4
O
>^N -
O T
o
o
Ui
oe
a.
UI
_J
CO
ae
<«
a.
o
X
X O
o o
u
U)
o
c-1
ce
»-
CO
*>«
o
ca
X
a
3
X
o
a.
Ui
_l
o
X
u
(A
-------
162
>•»» O «~» O *•> O *"» O «••• O *•» O f^
oo* oin o«o o «• oco o»»-
U, O**> O CM O O CM O CM O CM O «-• O «O
-i tn «* w ** * £ SP £!
3 CM O> .-••••»« O N. CM
cocom »,ineocoo«o
O O«=^> o **» O ^ O **» O <"» O*"* O *"» O <"»
•^ 000 OOOOOO
O o
UJ CM
3 to
z or 2
e~< UJv^ikrf <-»«_>\-i%^v^ t
- o -
s
• °
C* 10 ^
'O -JO O*"* O *«» O *^ O *> O •-* O •-• O »^ O'^ K-
C> U)O OO OOOOOO 3
•=• >• o on
» UICM »_
x -1! «
*=- CCO \^ \^ w«~»w>«-»v^«_» 2
Z Z> • (— i r-j
=> u.^ Sr S
o j • Cw °
« 3 C\f u.
r °
CD 3.
O O<~» O<=> O'-«O'^'O'~»O»~>O'~»O<^ v Ul
z OOO OOOOOO CO
O a 2
1 • 5
" - ^
~ °. I
O • O . O*^ O*~» •O'^O<^ Ut
»- in OCM oo t- o o «-• om oco o •-• oco or
UJ O » O O t> O O O O O O.
2*~l*'^*r>>~1 mN-cooeo ui
oorocM<»ae ^coox^m or
* *T «CV»- -.-.WK.^
>—' ") -crv^^^^co w>«-««^ v^ »4 •_> oo >^ w to
« S o - 1
I 2
Ul £
! - S
s
*- z
t-«
O M,
•"• or
2 * 5
* *~ CD
a >- vo x
X 1=- _ §
5 i
o S o z o « z
o < -i u> £
• *~ >-« Ul 1-1 »
WO o •-< I- U.Z •
^t; -zc9 H-
^-o «c
-------
163
a:
o *N
o
i*> CM O
OO
CO
CM
a
iu
z>
z
o
o
o
o
o
CM
a:
Ui
o »•»
o
o «
o
»-» o ^*
o o
o
_J
UI
o
o
o
a
o
CD
Z
o
t-l
»-
CJ
a
o
(O
-JO
U)O
» «
LUCM
-I •
•*->
ceo
CA
O •"»
o
*^ O *•»
o o
O •"»
o
O
o
I
»1
to
o »•»
o
o *^
o
o *^
o
o **
o
CO
»•«
DC
o
o
V.
LJ
CO
z
UJ
o
9
UJ
o
OO
I
o
UJ
_l
CD
in
O CJ
\^ C\J >->
CM
CO
o
«-i «o
cc «
H-
o
o
O
M
DC
OCM
o
(M «
om
o
o**
o -*
o
CM«-» w»
a
UJ
or
o,
UJ
or
<
o.
o
or
to
1-4
O
CJ
f*
DC
o
o
ut
UJ
_l
ca
o
o
z
«t
J
UI
>
UI
UI
(A
O
C9
o
CE
UI
CO
UI
X
UI
-------
164
o **•> «-i«->
O f> CM
OO»
CO
O
z
w*f-> «f *•> CO «•» IT* CO O>
.-« N. »O <*> O O»
cO <*«-« O «*>•*>
N. w^^rf «-»«-» «-• >O v^1
O
ui
O O <*>
oo
e\j
IT
O «^ O '•* O *^ O '*^> O *"»
ooooo
Z
O
Z
3
O
o
>•
00
Z
o
I
WJ
-JO O •"»
UJO O
-I •
—
ce o
3 •
l^-*
_J
=>
(A
O
O
O *">i O*^ O *^ O *^ O ^>
OOOOOO
r- '
*-» ^x v
Csi
»H/% O *"» O *> O **> O ^"» w* <•»
~
3
CO
«-i
CE
O
CC
ikl
CO
o
o
or
O.
» c> OW4 O«^ * *-••-> to**! «J«~»j 00
I— in OCM CVIO> I— (^ CM *t N- O^ CM OH
o =» o out oc\j«-«o»
O «-• CVJ «O
<")o~<
CJ
•„« CM Vrf
CVJ
QC
U)
CO O
I
O
UJ
_l
OD
•x
>-•
o
Irt
oe
UI
UI
UI »->
a
UJ
>
o
>-
<
CC
o
UI
»-
o
z
-------
165
CO
a
z
in
<*>
CM
O
oO
o >o
«•>
CM
<*)
*> o <^
fn *•.*»»
in •"» «O
<0
in
in
CM
in
o
UJ
O
o
«•
CV
CC
UJO
>• «
UCM
-J •
-*
QCO
O r+ O <••»
OO
O «~>
O
O r*
O
<> O *^>
OO
O <"»
O
to
O
_J
UJ
»-i
a.
C3
Z
CD
HI
QC
O
o
CQ
z
O
»-"
i-
o
13
O
o
in
>^ O *N
*« o
O <^
o
CM *•*
e»> — •
O »•>
o
O
ce
Ul
OD
(ft
in
>«-» o <~»
o
i«« o
*^ o **
o o
o *•*
o
ui
cc
a.
«
I
o
IS)
CD
UJ
CC
a
x
a
«
•
ui
X
o
Z
o
tS)
tr
«/>
Z
ui
ce
ui
co
Ul
ui
uji->
-------
166
oc tn^ in<-» ev»^ *- *•»
3 ro >o o* «• m K. o o>
u. N> <•»> in «o o o
_i <•» ID in CM o
=> >o C\J &
•z. cr. o
>— « UJ *-* "^ ^J »-• — *
»- > UJ
z o •-*
a u.
o
o*^ o *•» o <^ •"
o uo o o o o CM =>
«4 > » O QO
• UltNJ «-• *~*
•» _i • »« ^. ae
>- »H cv -- •-
t~ QC O S^ v-» \^ ^-' VM Z
(O O
>• I
CD Q£
OO'^O<~>")<^O''~» UJ
z o o o CM in ro « co
o • o ao w *
•-• »« in «o ^
H- • in <» z
O «* O3 O
o in ^^ «-^ v-« CM ^^ ui
o • «r x
o »-
tr
OL t~
~* Z
_J ^ IU
•_ » W)
O •» O W «^ O*°> •-»•-» V^ ' •' UJ
»- in m -< o «» m CM o oc
UJUoN. OO O O O.
a«-ii ac o -t «t ac
«x a: H- u
z »- - «/> z
x *- •-. o
^ O Ul
O O X
• z «* »~
• 4K »- »
Ul Z »-4 »
»- J X UJ
-------
167
(X O «"• O*"» O *"> O **
3 OCNJ o oevi OCM
u. o o o
_to o o
3 CO CO «O
• o
O U.-H «•*
0 -1
0 5 fe
£ •
Z O O O O O CO
5 1
t- I z
U «-"
^ l|^ \^ *^ *rf «^ Ui
g • £
£ $
O z
_J O W
.-. . v>
o * o o *+ o«-» o*^ o>«» - ui
»- in o o—» o »« o •« o:
UI t> » O O O CL
a 1-4 i (o co co u
r> or o o ov ox oe
or »- o o o
O «/) «-• Nw CM*-' CM »> «/3
«— i •""
eo O *"
I W
o •*
u, z
_l UI
QD -J -I QC
z o i- ^
< •-• «E or
>. or t- ui
_i »~ ifl at
>->-«« at
*o *- •-• 3
z z o z
Z 3
UI O O UI
a. o ui 3:
• z »-
• •-» z •
UI U. 4 »
H- UI UI UI
< a x »-
t- Z O O
tfi Z> X Z
-------
168
in ••«
**)
O
O *"** O f^ O ***
o o o
2
3
a
>-
CD
O
3
O
O
tr
u»o
» •
UICM
_j •
-«
ceo
VO
t
»-» o <^
o o
o <^
o
CD
•->
cr
CM *•»
CO
o>
«
o
i
«-i
lf\
ui
00
UJ
o
_J O
«-» o
O •" O
i- in
LJ o •
O M |
3 ae o
a: *-
O »/>
•-«
«o o
t
«B» - O«-v
o o
ae
a.
UJ
cr
CO
*-•
«o
u
UJ
-I
CD
M
o
to
O
O
ae
UI
=>
O
O
a:
•«
X
at
U
X
UJ
>-
o
Z
-------
169
m
CM
<*» •
in
«-•
«•»
(M '
it '
m
«-"
f»
•-»
O
Ul
o
o
a
CV
cr
UJ
>•
O
o <•*•
o
o
-„!
tu
»-4
u.
a
a
O
>-
m
Z
o
_JO
U O
> »
Ul CO
-I •
»«
DC O
3
CO
I
O
O
O •"» O ** O '"»
O O O
CD
»i
QC
O
O
O
oc
Ul
00
O
a
£K
a.
-J
«-4
O
CE
O
CO
•
o
o
O
»
• O
i- in
o •
«-i •
«T O
I-
C/>
»->
O
Ul
a
a.
Ijj
QC
Ul
03
QC
<
a.
Ul
ui
CA
«O >-
Ui »-
z z
ui a
K> O
O
»••
ae
»-
l/i
•-•
o
U)
QC
ui
00
Ul
U.
Ul
o
Ul
»-
o
z
-------
170
O ""k O*""* CM'* »««•> ^* f^
oo s. CM •*+ o V«CM co Ok r~CM »^o mo
CM O CM "** Ok CO O OO Ok «^ flo v^CM
•O -* CM CM 00 eO CM^CM
in
CM ~* m CM
o
z
O O*^ O*^ O*^
<-i OOOOOOOflO'-'OOO
O o •->
Ul CM PI
=3 CO
2 CC O
^ C3
* Z
o> o> >-<
>O -JO O*™» O«*^ O '^ O <^> O *N o**1 1^ •"• O*^ O *> O<^ >—
O UiO O O N- C\) O O O O CM O O O 3
-=«>•» N. O CO
> UJ CM j» v>r s^ w v> C >J 2
= ^-: CNJ 3
O _l
O =} v u.
r ^
co ee
O Of> O<^ O ^* CM '•» O *^ O*^ ^ *•* O'^ *4 r*k O*> LU
Z O -O« O O &• *t O O *•«-• O «-iCM O CD
o • » «% o> •• z
*-••**« «• «x w *~t w* vrf s^ CM v> »^ Ul
O • f
-J »<
•"• •
O » O O<~» O^«^> O>*^ -- to *•* > O *^
»~ m I^CM x9 « m «» r> ui
=> ac o <» o CM o in ae
ac »- «o «
O t/J «^s^w%*ww**^*v^«^ W)
*^ »-»
00 O M
i s
U £
ae
ui
« K- 5
« z z
X O
UI O UJ Ul
*-o« _i u> a. uj x
•«"Q- -J «o ui o _j f-
* O O U) »- O _J _l _J »
ui o a: oc x *-i oc <«
-------
171
CC
Z3
u.
_i
Z>
CO
O
*"> O *">
~4~4 O
O O
«r o
CO
N.
O
O
in
CM CM
in
o CM
CO
«*CM O> N.
CM CM <*> 00
in m CM
in 9
CM in
a
UJ
O
O
»
CV
ac
O f+
O
O *^
O
O ^*
O
«O»<
«"»
«H
00
o
O
o
_J O
uio
> o
ui CM
_j i
•>•
KO
=> •
O
O
O *+ O *•» O ••%
o o o
^» O <^> O*^
o o o
e*«i
t*»
in
oo
in
«•>
O
o
>-
00
O
3
a
o
ac
a.
o •» o *»
>- «\ «
UIU»CM
o»-iiin
3 cc o in
CO
I
O
Ul
-I
CD
_,
C '
C\4
CM
^ 4
*^ O *•* v< <*s O ^ O ** O *>
O O m
OD
Z
O
O
0£
UJ
00
o *•
O>
m
ao
o
o *•
«
«o
e»*^ o «•«
w CM o
in
in
CM
o
z
UI
-------
172
Cj£ ^O ^^ CO ^^ ^O ^^ CO ^^ ^*^ ^^ C^ ^^ ^f ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^
OO CM CM rO «-fO «Ort v^^ m IP O>O
otrt «-• CM ooin POO <*>CM »-i«-i in
CM O O O CM in CM N- C*
^ -+ m o N. CM CM ^ O •"» 0**^ O <"* O*^ O <"» O ^* O '^
^v OOOOOOOOOO
O o
IU CV
=3 (A
Z £T O
»»* JUJ ^> ^s «^ H.^ \^ ^^ ^* ^y v^ «J
I- > UJ
o to «-•
\O -JO O<~» O •"» O ^» O *^ O <"> O*^ O<~» O«^ O »"> »~
O Ul O OOOOOOOOO =>
** » • A
o Ul CM — -, *-•
-» • ~ ' a
>- — CO »-
^ QCO ^" «x> «-• v** «^ v v^ xx *^C''J ^
Z 3 • O
=) U. *4 O
O _J
o z> u.
to o
>- I
co ce
O O'^ O^ O <^> O *> O <•» O<^ O "> O *•» «-• ^> Ul
Z OOOOOOOOO O*< CO
o » at
+* -* CM 3
»- I « X
o «* m
3 mv^wx>K^v^w«<»«*M u
Q X
o *-
ce
a- »>
o z
-1 CM Ul
•-» • «o
O • O O"^ »».»*., »»-«•» «•-> Ul
*- tr> «<» in «r o> ««i o*« N> «o ir»^ o m« o m oe
Ul O • •** 9 •*+ \ft O*O CM O> m CO Q.
o«-«iCMoincMino« iwo> ui
3£eo4r«m*4CMO» CM o* oc.
v4v> <^x CO vx CM<— • «rf v«> >O "•-• Ul
•-* ^i CM M
«D O «0
I Ul
O X
t-~
Ul Z
-J Ul
co ae.
K
Ul
co
>- x
«fl »- 3
« Z Z
X 3
Ul O Ul
1-0 it X
• Z t- Z < O »-
• z>i-ao«««toi-« »
Ul O «-" < t« Ul O O •
»- X3C«-l>£Z Ul
*cui_i _ioac>>u. i-
»— ui aaooc9~>)e_i_ice z
-------
173
t/5
O
z
OCJ
CO
•*> O CM
CM«~» o ++
~«CM is.
in «
o m
m **>
« CM **
*t «-» CM «
of» in <*
o o
CM
K.CM
CM
Q
UJ
z
o
o
O
O
«
CM
a:
ua
>
O
>*•> o '"»
o o
o **•
o
O ">
o
o
_J
Ui
»«4
u.
o
•o
_i o
u o
> «
LJ CM
_l •
«-i
ac o
o «
o
>^% O *•» O f* O ••»
o o o o
o «
o
'CO
C-J
QD
»-i
ce
03
Z
o
U
3
O
a
in »-«so o *«
« o«"« m «-«
*> - O ^>
o o
m
tn
o «
•-I ^4
ce «
»- o
«-. CO «-lw
•—I
O
CO CM
O
r»* O
CM
m
CM
CM
CO
Ui
ot
a.
LJ
tr
in
9*4
tn
UJ
_)
CD
z
Ul
ce
CO
4
X
UJ
UI
o
«-«
(T
>-
c/)
••^
O
tr
o
(K
a
or
CD
a
M
«
ae
OD
z
o
(A
en
ce
ui
co
o
a
<
ce
o
_i
a
o
Ui
>-
ce
ui
CD
Ul
X
Ul
*-
o
-------
174
OC >4>V"» m *"» •*<•> O *•• w« ^% l»~ **» <**"> Ok <"* O •** CM '"^
z> «•«• so—* CM » o in mco com <*>o» N. •* oeo
u. «-«»*i m «• f»- cy o rn ooeo in —•«
_iin>omoco*>
:ai>w«4<«>ino> O **^ O ****
« ooooooooooo
Q o
Ul CV
3 fcT)
2 ce o
l«* i-rj W %i^ V ^X %^ Kri» «^ \^ ^ ^^ ^J
t- > U
Z O e-<
O U.
O
v- O
i z
o» «/> »-•
>O _J O O*^ O ^"» O*^ O ** O ^* O*™» O *> O'^ O*^ O *^ H-
O UIO OOOOOOOOOO Z>
— i > o 00
o UJM i-«
o -IB OC
Z 3 » CO O
3 u.*^ r.j o
O -J *• J
03 u.
<*> o
*• " <.
m oc
O O*** \O »•» O'^ O "^ O <^ o<^ O *"• O *N Oo O <"» U
Z O O rn «4 O CO Z
»X «4 «H Ot 3
N- i m 'WhXS>VSS^«*«^%^ JJ
O . I
a H-
cc
Q. »-
o z
_1 «»> UJ
*-• -o ,. M
o *»
o^ c^ in f^ o c^ ^* 10 v* ^? o* ^^ 40 in c^ *f *>* <>*
uiooin«4 Q.
O •-• I CVJ CV «*>rO oe o in -^ oo « ^ oe
£E H- «»• ro O IT CM «0
00 «o
§ Ul
• X
in *~ O
Ul O O Z Z Ul
H- O Z O O X
• U I- Z W> >- »-
• oDiaozcAOoeqc •- •
Ul uiUI*-i»-i^-UIUI OC •
•— f—^xooewJQ.u. ui ui
< oc_i»-«eac3w}u.uia3 »-
H> O_I_J Z
-------
175
ff CM*"* •"•»"» O> ^"» O**^ O1 ^* *fr **> O *"»
^ in-* »i-+ *o & OCM o »« cv in <•» o
U, O«-» CO •=• CM «•« «O<» « <-• CM-* »»> 9 It I*»
_l O CM«-« O «•» m oo
t/) r«) » •* CM CM O*"^ O*"* o*"* O^* O*5** o**1 0*°^ o ***
•=» o^oooooooooo
O o
Ul CVJ
O tO
z <»> •>^'«^W>«a><»'W _J
t- > UJ
20 •-•
a u.
U
^y O
I Z
o »« •-•
^ . J o O *** O<*^ O ^» O'^- O *"* O*^ O *"* O *^ O *** O *^ K"
O Ul O OOOOOOOOOO 3
f* > e> OD
o Ul CM >-4
» _i § ac
>- -* K-
t= CE O »«»«=» w>w* wwwwv> v«> Z
Z 3 » r •' O
3 U. «-• CO O
o _i cvi
03 *-^ U.
40 " O
>- •
OD ac
o o*^> O'~' o *> o<~» o *^ esi«^ o f* o <*» o*^ o«^ ui
Z O O O O O O 9*4 O O O O CO
o » tft ac
•-<*-< « 3
»= 0 •< Z
u *4 in
Z> Ul^^\^«»>«^«^»^v^vrf«-»>-« Ul
O • X
o fr-
ee
0. I-
o z
-J rq Ul
>-t • V)
O o O O**» fflnr» Ok *% •». ir» m»4» CM "» O <^ O "~» <* *~> Ul
i- «r o ^x «^ vrf ^^ %rf I/)
(DO Wl
I Ul
-
Ul Z
-J Ul
00 CC
Ul
CO
>- X
WJ N- 3
< z o z
X 3 >- »- Z
ui a < ac z a ui
N= o a ui •-« »- x
• z <9<3OO ~9CCUI*-4 A
H- »«<»- H- Z ^ UI*£X Ul
< a»-zx<_iz_i-J«rt H-
i- <«auicco<«>-<« o
en xzxrzoautf>»-xz z
-------
176
oo f^ ^ **• oo ^* *J" ^* IN- '^ oo *** CM *"^ in ****
iw o* K. CM o in oo •-* 0*00 <*> co N- in m **i
u. «=o o o* 'O «- o CM o in N- f>
_j oo N.O o ^ o o«-' in •*> N. «-«
U O O «-« »O N- *O CD CO 00
tf) ^3 O\ c^O
CM*-* <»)«•* ^^v^ CM v^ vrf
O f*>
Z
^^ ^5 ^^ cr^ ^^ CJ ^^ C? ^^ ^^ ^^ C5 ^^ ^3 *£I* ^5 ^^ CJ ^=!*
^ ooo ooooooo
Q a
U! CM
ZJ -•*«• Vrf N^ «_» _J
t- 3» UJ
Z O ^^
o u.
«_/ o
I Z
^ «=t C3 ^? '^ C? *^ C3 ^^ G) -^i O ^* C^ **"* C3 *S*I!* ^5 ^^ ^5 ^"^ K1*
O Ul O O O OOOOOOO O
^i > o CD
o Ul CM •-•
e> _j i - I
03 l CC
^? <^ ^*=% gQ ^=^ CJ '=>* C5 ^* ^S ^^ C? ^* N" ^~* N* ^"* C5 ^N LkJ
z o o —"f o o o o Z
»-<<-< 00 CM O 3
(= i m z
O «-i O
H> |^ v^ «H v^ *»^ \^ ^s ^ *^ *^ ** Ul
O • I
a N-
cc
Q. *-
o o z
-i m o tf«~> QL
at~igin9«^»-ioin •-» o CM ui
r>QCOinOvOC«-i9 CM O CM DC
CC»- CMCVH-'-iN. fT> OCM
U t/> Ow 1/3 *«' CM w *^ f) *^ ^^ <*)«=*
•-««-< >-l >-<
ao a .-• o -
ui z
_l Ul
00 _J QC
«< =. »- a.
o
N> Z
»-«
t—
O W5
tr ui
>~ CD
< Z Q Z
Ul L (A Ul
MO O _J I
• z to z oaj f-
a O ^ ^) O O O Ul °*
ui »- (Ai ^ ac _i _i x 3e »
N-QC ZOUI<< bj
«c«c «* o z > a X x i-
V» X QCQC«!tI>»i-'>-«»-» O
««ac
-------
177
CC \o <-* O r* lf\ "^ «-••••» rO<~> CM*-* C*. *"• *O *•» •-« •"»
O ^00 O O CO O roo> |