450R85101
FIELD STANDARD OPERATDJG PROCEDURES
FOR
AIR SURVEILLANCE
F.S.O.P. 8
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND RWEDIAL RESPONSE
HAZARDOUS RESPONSE SUPPORT DIVISION
WASHINGTON". D.C. 20460
-------
The *nt,on of r, ws „
for Ulustratton purposes .„< *es «t constate «*rse*nt or
for use by the Enviro^t,, rrotection Agency.
Contents of this «nu.l do ,»t n«,s«nly reflect tKe
policies of. the Environmental Protection Agency.
,nd
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TABLE OF QMTDTTS
i. nrmooucTioi
Objectives 1
Background 1
Brief Description of Air Surveillance 1
Types of lacldents 1
General Surveillance Methods 2
II. EQUIWENT 4
Equipment for Air Surveillance and Sampling , ' 4
III. FLOW CHART for AIR SURVEILLANCE . 5
IV. PROCEDURE for ON-SITE AIR SURVEILLANCE 6
V. U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCT, ENVIRONMENTAL 9
RESPONSE TEAM'S GENERIC ASBESTOS AIR MONITORING
GUIDES FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
VI. PROCEDURES.FOR WELL HEADSPACE SURVEILLANCE 10
Direct Pull Technique 11
Water Sample Headspace Technique 1.2
VII. P*OW 127 - 13
VIII BLANK SITE WORK MAP ' 23
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SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
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F.S.O.P. «*
PROCESS: AIX SURVeiLLAWZ
I. Objectives
This tfBcmmerrt provides air monitoring procedures that field
PILI iommtl can mse t§ metal* the mita needed to minimize the risk of
exposure to hazardous substances.
II. tact ground
These procedures have been derived by reorganizing the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial
Responses, (U.S. EPA, OEM), Washington. DC. "Standard Operating
Safety Guides", November 1984, to a format more appropriate for use
in the field at hazardous material, air, spill, and well monitoring
responses.
III. Brief Description of Air Surveillance
1. Personnel entering sites of hazardous substance incidents must use
adequate safety precautions to minimize exposure to contaminants
which may have health effects. These safety precautions encompass
both monitoring methodologies used to characterize site hazards as
well as personal protective'equipment and procedures (refer to FSOP
#4 and 17 for Site Entry/Decon). Air monitoring is one of the first
methods of gaining Important Information on site hazards. From
initial monitoring surveys, decisions for appropriate levels of
protection may be based.
j
Air surveillance is accomplished using direct reading instruments
and air sampling (collecting air on suitable media followed by
analysis) in order to determine the type and quantity of airborne
contaminants present during the incident. Information gained by
these means can also be used to help characterize water pollution.
(This procedure is described in Section VI, Page 16, Procedures for
Air Monitoring in Well Headspace.)
2. Types of Incidents
Two general types of Incidents are encountered:
- Environmental emergencies. Including chemical fires, spills, or
other releases of hazardous substances which occur over a
relatively short period of time. Air sampling generally 1s
limited unless the release continues long enough for appropriate
equipment to be brought in and you can afford to wait for the
analyses of the samples.
Longer-term cleanup, including planned removals and remedial
actions at abandoned waste sites, as well as restoration after
emergency problems have been controlled. During this period,
especially at waste sites, workers and the public may be exposed
to a wide variety of airborne materials over a much longer
Page 1
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F.S.O.F. Mo. 8
period of time. Air sampling can usually be used In those
s1taat1oas.
3. fteneral S«m*ni«iice Methods
During site operations, data are needed about air contaminants and
any changes that my occur 1n air quality. A1r sampling and
subsequent analysis 1s the most informative method of evaluating air
contaminants but 1s costly and time consuming. Direct reading
Instruments (OKI) can be used to provide approximate total
concentrations and detect many organics and a few Inorganics.
Caution must be taken, however, when using these instruments. Under
certain conditions the data obtained can be grossly misinterpreted.
To obtain air quality data rapidly at the site, instruments
utilizing flame lonization detectors (FIDs) and photoionization
detectors (PIDs) can be used. These may be used as survey
instruments (total concentration mode) or operated as gas
chromatographs (gas chromatograph mode). As gas chroroatographs,
these Instruments can provide real-time, qualitative/quantative data
when calibrated with standards of the air contaminants, if known.
Combined with selective laboratory analysis of samples, these field
gas chromatographs provide a tool for evaluating airborne organic
hazards on a real-time basis at a lower cost than taking and
analyzing all the samples needed to get the same amount of data.
For more complete information"about air contaminants, measurements
obtained with direct reading instruments must be supplemented by
collecting and analyzing air samples. To assess air contaminants
more thoroughly, air sampling devices equipped with appropriate
collection media are placed at various locations (sampling stations)
throughout the area. These samples provide air quality information
for the period of time they operate, and can indicate contaminant
types and concentrations over the lifetime of site operations if
continuously operated. In addition to air samplers, direct reading
instruments equipped with recorders can be operated continuously.
Area sampling stations are located In various places as described in
Table 8-1.
Accurate calibration of air surveillance equipment is required in
order to have confidence in the resultant data. As a minimum, the
system should be calibrated before and after use. The system should
also be calibrated periodically during use. The overall frequency
of calibration will depend upon the general handling and use of a
given sampling system.
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F.S.O.P. to. 0
Table 8-1
Sapling Station Location
Location
Rationale
1. Upwind
2. Support Zone
3. Con tan 1 nation Reduction Zone
4. Exclusion Zone
5. Downwi nd
Establish background air contaminant
levels
Ensure that command post and other
support facilities are located In a
"clean" area
*
Ensure that decontamination workers are
properly protected and that on-site
workers are not removing protective fear
In a contaminated area
Verify and continually confirm and
document selection of proper levels of
worker protection as well as provide
continual record of air contaminants
Indicate if any air contaminants are
leaving the site.
Page 3
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SECTION II
EQUIPMENT
FOR
AIR SURVEILLANCE
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F.S.O.P. ft>. 8
PROCESS: Equipment Surveillance
III.
At preset*!, the following equipment Is used for organic gas/vapor
•ofiltorfiig. fowever, other equivalent equipment can be substituted:
• Photo lonlzatlon Detectors (PID)
- Organic Vapor Analyzers (FID)
- 5 - 200 cc/o>1n personal sampling pumps
• 0.5-3 L/01n personal sampling puaps
• Tenax adsorption (metal) tubes
• Carbon sphere adsorption (metal) tubes
• Carbon-packed (glass) adsorption tubes
(150 Bllllgran and 600 mi 111 gran sizes)
- Florls 11-packed (glass) adsorption tubes
(150 nil 11 gram size)
- Real-tine Aerosol Monitors
- Coloriaetric Detection tubes
- Silica-packed (glass) adsorption tubes
Table II
•
Compounds and Collection Media
Compound
Possible Collection Media
Organic Vapors w/bp above 0°C
High M.W. hydrocarbons,
organophosphorous compounds,
and certain pesticides vapors
Aromatic Anlnes
PCBs
Inorganic Gases
Aerosols
Known specific compound
Activated Carbon Tube (P+UW 127)*
Tenax or Chromasorb
Silica gel tube (P+CAM 166)*
Rorisll Tube (P+C/W 253)*
Silica gel tube (P+CAH 339)**
Partlculate filter (glass fiber or
•embrane type)
Coloriaetric detector tute
127 *
168
253
- P+C/M 339 **
NIOSH Manual of
Analytical Methods
Volume 1, April, 1977
NIOSH Manual of Analytical
Methods Volume 7, August. 19fil
Pace 4
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SECTION III
FLOW CHART
FOR
AIR SURVEILLANCE
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F.S.O.P. Mo. 8
PROCESS AIR SURVEILLANCE
Generic Procedural Steps
Wind Direction
5 DETEWIHE CONTAMINANTS
UAVIKG SITE
4 COLLECT DUPLICATES OF STEP 3
WSITIVES FOR OFF SITE ANALYSIS
EXCLUSION , _ ,„
ZONE 3 COLLECT AREA SAMPLES
(TK3XAL TUBES FOR SCREENING)
V
2 DETEJWINE CONCENTRATION ON-SITE
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
ZONE
* """"""""""*•••----
°RT Z°NE } DE-TERM INE BACKGROUND
CONCENTRATIONS
Page 5
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SECTION IV
PROCEDURES
FOR
ON-SITE AIR MONITORING
Note: This procedure is generally applicable to most
responses, but may need to be modified for specific
responses.
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SECTION V
ASBESTOS AIR MONITORING
NOTE: Contact the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Response Team (201) 321-6740 or FTS 340-6740
to obtain a copy of the latest procedure for asbestos air
monitoring for hazardous waste sites.
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F.S.O.P. Ho. 8
PROCESS: Air Surveillance
The objective of these headspace Monitoring procedures 1s:
1) To establish safety procedures to be enforced for personnel working
at the well.
2) To obtain some gross Measure of what contaminants are In the well.
3) To allow for the development of a site-specific relative
concentration Measure (I.e.. 1f well "A" has 100 ppm of benzene In
the headspace and 250 ppw In the water, and well "B" has a similar
headspace concentration, then 1t may have similar concentrations In
the water).
The following Is an outline of procedures used to Monitor headspace in
wells. While the procedures may seem straightforward, there are a number
of factors which need be considered when evaluating results. These
include: 1) Cap design - whether vented or non-vented, threaded or slip
on, or if a cap exists at all. 2) Location - 1s the well located In a
windy area, shade, or direct sunlight? What Is the proximity to roadways
or railways, rivers, ponds, recharge basins? 3) Hell construction -
what is the well diameter? Where is the top of the screen relative to
the water level? What is the distance from top of casing to water
level? 4) Well condition and use - Is It a domestic or supply well?
What is the pumping schedule? Are there pumps, wiring, piping etc. in
the well? If-a monitoring well, when was it last evacuated and sampled?
These factors should be considered.and accounted for when evaluating
results.
Page 11
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SECTION VII
P4CAM 127
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Analyte:
Matrix:
Procedure:
Organic Solvents
(See Table 1)
Air
Adsorption on charcoal
desorption with carbon
disulfide, GC
ORGANIC SOLVENTS IN AIR
and Che»1cal Analysis Branch
Analytical Method
Method No.:
Range:
P4OW 127
For the specific
compound, refer
to Table 1
Date Issued: 9/15/72
Date Revised: 2/15/77
1. Principle of the Method
Precision:
10.5% RSD
Classification: See Table 1
1.1 A known volume of air is drawn through a charcoal tube to trap the
organic vapors present.
1.2 The charcoal in the tube is transferred to a snail, graduated test
tube and desorbed with carbon disulfide.
1.3 An aliquot of the desorbed sample is injected into a gas
chromatograph.
1.4 The area of the resulting peak is determined and compared with areas
obtained from the injection of standards.
2. Range and Sensitivity
The lower limit in mg/sample for the specific compound at 16 X 1
attenuation on a gas chromatograph fitted with a 10:1 splitter is shown in
Table 1. This value can be lowered by reducing the attenuation or by
eliminating the 10:1 splitter.
3. Interferences
3.1 When the amount of water in the air is so great that condensation
actually occurs in the tube, organic vapors will not be trapped.
Preliminary experiments indicate that high humidity severely
decreases the breakthrough volune.
3.2 When two or more solvents are known or suspected to be present in the
air, such Information (including their suspected identities), should
be transmitted with the sample, since with differences in polarity,
one may displace another from the charcoal.
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3.3 It aust be emphasized that any compound which has the SMK retention
t1«e as the specific compound under study at the operating conditions
described In this method 1s an Interference. Hence, retention time
data on a single column, or even on a number of columns, cannot be
considered as proof of chemical Identity. For this reason It Is
laportant that a Maple of the bulk solvents(s) be submitted at the
sane tine so that Identity(les) can be established by other weans.
3.4 If the possibility of Interference exists, separation conditions
(column packing, temperatures, etc.) must be changed to circumvent
the problem.
4. Precision and Accuracy
4.1 The mean relative standard deviation of the analytical method is Si
(11.4).
4.2 The mean relative standard deviation* of the analytical method plus
field sampling using an approved personal sampling pump is 101
(11.4). Part of the error associated with the method is related to
uncertainties In the sample volume collected. If a more powerful
vacuum pump with associated gas-volume integrating equipment is used,
sampling precision can be Improved.
4.3 The accuracy of the overall sampling and analytical method is 10%
(NIOSH-unpublished data) when the personal sampling pomp is
calibrated with a charcoal tube in the line.
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Method
5.1 The sampling device is small, portable, and involves no liquids.
Interferences are minimal, and most of those which do occur can be
eliminated by altering chromatographic conditions. The tubes are
analyzed by means of a quick, Instrumental method. The method can
also be used for the simultaneous analysis of two or more solvents
suspected to be present in the same sample by simply changing gas
chromatographfc conditions from isothermal to a temperature-
prog rammed mode of operation.
15.2 One disadvantage of the method is that the amount of sample which can
be taken Is limited by the number of milligrams that the tube will
hold before overloading. When the sample value obtained for the
backup section of the charcoal tube exceeds 251 of that found on the
front section, the possibility of sample loss exists. During sample
storage, the more volatile compounds will migrate throughout the tube
until equilibrium is reached (331 of the sample on the backup
section).
5.3 Furthermore, the precision of the awthod is limited by the
reproducibility of the pressure drop across the tubes. This drop
will affect the flow rate and cause the volume to be imprecise,
because the pump is usually calibrated for one tube only.
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6. Apparatus
6.1 An approved and calibrated personal sampling pump for personal
samples. For an area sample, any vacuum pump whose flow can be
determined accurately at 1 liter per minute or less.
6.2 Charcoal tubes: glass tube with both ends flame sealed, 7 cm long
with a 6-mm 0.0. and 4-nm I.D., containing 2 sections of 20/40 mesh
activated charcoal separated by a 2-mm portion of urethane foam. The
activated charcoal Is prepared from coconut shells and 1s fired at
600°C prior to packing. The absorbing section contains 100 mg of
charcoal, the backup section 50 mg. A 3-nm portion of urethane foam
is placed between the outlet end of the tube and the backup section.
A plug of sllyated glass wool Is placed 1n front of the absorbing
section. The pressure drop across the tube must be less than one
inch of mercury at a flow rate of 1 liter pnr.
6.3 Gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector.
6.4 Column (20 ft X 1/8 In.) with 101 FFAP stationary phase on 80/100
mesh, acid-washed DMCS Chromosorb U solid support. Other columns
capable of performing the required separations may be used.
6.5 A mechanical or electronic integrator or a recorder and some method
for determining peak area.
*
6.6 Nicrocentrifuge tubes, 2.5 ml, graduated.
6.7 Hamilton syringes: 10 uL, and convenient sizes for making standards.
6.8 Pi pets: 0.5-wL delivery pi pets or 1.0-mL type graduated in 0.1-mL
increments.
6.9 Volumetric flasks: 10 ml or convenient sizes for making standard
solutions.
7. Reagents
7.1 Spectre quality carbon dlsulfide (Matheson, Coleman, and Bell).
7.2 Sample of the specific compound under study, preferrably
chromatoquality grade.
7.3 Bureau of Mines Grade A helium.
7.4 Prepurifled hydrogen.
7.5 Filtered compressed air.
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8. Procedure
8.1 Cleaning of Equipment: All glassware used for the laboratory
analysis should be detergent washed and thoroughly rinsed with tap
water and distilled water.
8.2 Calibration of Personal Pumps. Each personal pump Bust be calibrated
with a representative charcoal tube 1n the line. This will minimize
errors associated with uncertainties In the sample volume collected.
8.3 Collection and Shipping of Samples
8.3.1 Immediately before sampling, the ends of the tube should be
broken to provide an opening at least one-half the Internal
diameter of the tube (2m).
8.3.2 The small section of charcoal Is used as a back-up and should
be positioned nearest the sampling pump.
8.3.3 The charcoal tube should be vertical during sampling to
reduce channeling through the charcoal.
8.3.4 Air being sampled should not be passed through any hose or
tubing before entering the charcoal tube.
8.3.5 'The flow, time, and/or volume must be measured as accurately
as possible. The sample should be taken at a flow rate of 1
liter per minute or less to attain 'the total sample volume
required. The minimum and maximum sample volumes quoted must
be collected 1f the desired sensitivity is to be achieved.
8.3.6 The temperature and pressure of the atmosphere being sampled
should be measured and recorded.
8.3.7 The charcoal tube should be capped with the supplied plastic
caps immediately after sampling. Under no circumstances
should rubber caps be used.
8.3.8 One tub should be handled in the same manner as the sample
tube (break, seal, and transport), except that no air is
sampled through this tube. This tube should be labeled as a
blank.
8.3.9 Capped tube should be packed tightly be'fore they are shipped
to Minimize tube breakage during shipping.
8.3.10 Samples of the suspected solvent(s) should be submitted to
the laboratory for qualitative characterization. These
liquid bulk samples should not be transported in the sane
container as the samples or blank tube. If possible, a bulk
air sample (at least 50 liters of air drawn through tube)
should be shipped for qualitative Identification purposes.
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8.4 Analysis of Staples
8.4.1 Preparation of Samples. In preparation for analysis, each
charcoal tube Is scored with a file In front of the first
section of charcoal and broken open. The glass wool Is
reooved and discarded. The charcoal In the first (larger)
section Is transferred to a saall stoppered test tube. The
separating section of foM Is moved and discarded; the
second section Is transferred to another test tube. These
two sections are analyzed separately.
8.4.2 Desorptlon of Samples. Prior to analysis, one-half nl of
carbon dlsulflde Is pipetted Into each test tube. (All work
with carbon dlsulflde would be performed 1n a hood because of
Its high toxlcfty.) Tests Indicate that desorption Is
complete In 30 minutes 1f the sample Is stirred occasionally
during this period.
8.4.3 GC Conditions. The typical operating conditions for the gas
chromatograph are:
1. 85 cc/m1n. (70 psig) helium carrier gas flow.
2. 65 cc/min. (24 psig) hydrogen gas flow to detector.
3. 500 cc/min. (50 psig) air flow to detector.
4. 200°C Injector temperature.
5. 2000C manifold temperature (detector).
6. Isothermal oven or column temperature - refer to Table 1
for. specific compounds.
8.4.4 Injection. The first step in the analysis is the injection
of the sample into the gas chromatograph. To eliminate
difficulties arising fro* blowback or distillation within the
syringe needle, one should employ the solvent flush injection
technique. The 10 uL syringe Is first flushed with solvent
several times to wet the barrel and plunger. Three
microliters of solvent are drawn into the syringe to increase
the accuracy and reproducibility of the injected sample
volume. The needle is removed from the solvent, and the
plunger is pulled back about 0.2 uL to separate the solvent
flush from the sample with a pocket of air to be used as a
marker. The needle is then immersed in the sample, and a
5-uL aliquot is withdrawn, taking into consideration the
volume of the needle, since the sample.In the needle will be
completely Injected. After the needle Is removed from the
sample and prior to injection, the plunger Is pulled back a
short distance to minimize evaporation of the sample from the
tip of the needle. Duplicate injections of each sample and
standard should be made. No aore than a 31 difference In
area Is to be expected.
8.4.5 Measurement of area. The area of the sample peak is measured
by an electronic Integrator or some other suitable form of
Page 18
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area measurement, and preliminary results are read from a
standard curve prepared as discussed below.
8.5 Determination of Oesorptlon Efficiency
8.5.1 Importance of determination. The desorptlon efficiency of a
particular compound can vary fron one laboratory to another
and also from one batch of charcoal to another. Thus, It Is
necessary to determine at least once the percentage of the
specific compound that Is removed In the desorptlon process
for a given compound, provided the same batch of charcoal Is
used. NIOSH has found that the desorptlon efficiencies for
the compounds In Table 1 are between 81% and 1001 and vary
with each batch of charcoal.
8.5.2 Procedure for determining desorption efficiency. Activated
charcoal equivalent to the-amount In the first section of the
sampling tube (100 mg) is measured into a 5-cm, 4-mm I.D.
glass tube, flame sealed at one end (similar to coramerically
available culture tubes). This charcoal must be from the
same batch as that used in obtaining the samples and can be
obtained from unused charcoal tubes. The open end is capped .
with ParafUm. A known amount of the compound is injected
directly into the activated charcoal with a microliter
syringe, and the tube is capped with more Parafilm. The
amount injected is usually equivalent to that present in a
10-liter sample at a concentration equal to the Federal
standard.
At least five tubes are prepared in this manner and allowed
to stand for at least overnight to assure complete absorption
of the specific compound onto the charcoal. These five tubes
are referred to as the samples. A parallel blank tube should
be treated in the same manner except that no sample is added
to it. The sample and blank tubes are desorted and analyzed
in exactly the same manner as the sampling tube described in
Section 8.4.
Two or three standards are prepared by injecting the same
volume of compound into 0.5 ml of C$2 with the same syringe
used in the preparation of the samples. These are analyzed
with the samples.
The desorption efficiency equals the difference between the
average peak area of the samples and the peak area of the
blank divided by the average peak of the standards, or
Desorptlon Efficiency • Area sample - Area blank
Area Standard
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9. Calibration and Standards
It Is convenient to express concentration of standards In terns of ag/0.5
•L CS? because samples are desorbed In this amount of CSj. To
•1n1»Tzc error due to the volatility of carbon dlsulflde, one can Inject
20 tines the weight Into 10 ml of OS?. For example, to prepare a 0.3
•9/0.5 ml standard, one would Inject 6.0 mg Into exactly 10 ml of C$2 In
a glass-stoppered flask. The density of the specific compound Is used to
convert 6.0 mg Into ulcrollters for easy measurement with a microliter
syringe. A series of standards, varying In concentration over the range
of Interest, 1s prepared and analyzed under the same GC conditions and
during the same time period as the unknown samples. Curves are
established by plotting concentration In mg/0.5 ml versus peak area.
NOTE: Since no Internal standard Is used In the method, standard
solutions must be analyzed at the same time that the sample analysis is
done This will minimize the effect of known day-to-day variations and
variations during the same day of the FID response.
10. Calculations
10.1 The weight, In mg, corresponding to each peak area is read from the
standard curve for the particular compound. No volume corrections
are needed, because the standard curve is based on mg/0.5 ml C$2
and the volume of sample Is identical to the volume of the standards
injected.
10.2 Corrections for the blank must be made for each sample.
Correct mg » mgs - mg^
where:
mgs » mg found in front section of sample tube "
•igb * m9 found in front section of blank tube
A similar procedure is followed for the backup sections.
10.3 The corrected amounts present in the front and backup sections of the
same sample tube are added to determine the total measured amount in
the sample.
10.4 This total weight Is divided by the determined desorption efficiency
to obtain the corrected mg per sample.
10.5 The concentration of the analyte in the air sampled can be expressed
in mg per m3.
mg/m3 » Corrected mg (Section 10.4) X 1000 (I1ters/m3)
Air volume sampled (liters)
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10.6 Another method of expressing concentration Is ppw (corrected to
standard conditions of 25°C and 760 m Hg).
ppa • mg/m* X 34.45 X 760 X (T * 273)
MV P 755
where:
P * pressure («n Hg) of air sampled
T • temperature (°C) of air sampled
24.45 « aolar volume (liter/bole) at 25°C and 760 on Hg
MW • nolecular weight
760 • standard pressure (mo Hg)
298 • standard temperature (K)
11. References
«
11.1 «h1te, L. D.. 0. 6. Taylor, P. A. Hauer, and R. E. Kupel, "A
Convenient Optimized Method for the Analysis of Selected Solvent
Vapors in the Industrial Atmosphere", An. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.,
31:225. 1970.
%
11.2 Young, D. M. and A. D. Crowell, Physical Adsorption of Gases, pp.
137-146, Butterworths, London,
11.3 Federal Register. 37:202:22139-22142, October 18, 1972.
11.4 NIOSH Contract HSM-99-72-98, Scott Research Laboratories, Inc.,
"Collaborative Testing of Activated Charcoal Sampling Tubes for
Seven Organic Solvents", pp. 4-22, 4-27. 1973.
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Table 1
Palters Associated With UC« Analytical Method Mo. 127
Organic Solvent
Acetone
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachlorlde
Chlorofom
Diehioromethane
p-Dioxane
Ethylene Olchlorlde
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Styrene
Tetrachloroethy1ene
1.1,2-TMchloroethane
1 • 1,1-Tdchloroe thane
(Methyl Chloroform)
Trichl oroethy 1 ene *
Toluene
Xylene
0
A
A
A
0
A
0
B
D
B
B
B
A
B
A
0.01
0.20
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.01
0.10
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.5
0.5
10
0.5
0.5
1
1
0.5
1.5
1
10
0.5
1
0.5
0.5
7.7
55
60
13
3.8
18
12
13
34
25
97
13
17
22
31
(a)
(b)
60
90
60
80
85
100
90
80
150
130
150
150
90
120
100
volume. 1n liters, required to measure 0.1 „.. the OSHA standard
5
1*
11
8
*
9
7
10
16
13
13
13
9
10
'«• th| potential pl,t m.,
(11.3) or 500 ppm, whichever is lower 250C !L ran !°r 1n 31r at 5 tlmes the OSHA *tam
be as much as 5056 lower for atmospheres of hi 2V ^rr "J1* assumed- These values wi
contaminatns have not been investiga^d Lt ?J J""1*1^' Th eff«*ts of multiple
displace more volatilelompoCnds See 3*1 and 3 2) SUSpected that ^« volatile compound:
Page 22
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SECTION VIII
BUNK SITE WORK MAP
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SITE WORK NAP
The preparation of • site MP Is an essential task when sampling an area where
existing aaps are not available. The map, when finished, will yield sample
point Information such as compass direction, street addresses, grid system
orientations as well as environmental features. A site map will also enable
the sampler to relate discreet analytical data points to the overall site
contamination at the time sampling had been performed. Maps are useful In
report writing, plume construction, and future sampling Investigations at the
site.
Page
%r*£ZZ«r*-*~
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