Risk Assessment,
Management Communication
A Guide to Selected Sources
Volume 3, Number 1
COMMUNICATION
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Risk Assessment,
Management, Communication
A Guide to Selected Sources
Volume 3, Number 1
COMMUNICATION
Office of Information
Resources Management
and
Headquarters Library
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
March 1989
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ii
RISK ASSESSMENT
GENERAL PERSPECTIVE 1
ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES 14
METHODS OF ESTIMATING RISK* 20
HEALTH RISKS 35
GENERAL 35
CANCER 40
GENOTOXICITY AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS 49
CHEMICAL SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT 52
HAZARDOUS WASTE 65
RADIATION 72
ECOLOGICAL RISK 81
LEGAL ASPECTS 91
BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND OTHER SOURCES 92
RISK MANAGEMENT
GENERAL PERSPECTIVE 95
POLICY 100
LEGAL ASPECTS 101
CHEMICAL SPECIFIC RISK MANAGEMENT 103
HAZARDOUS WASTE 105
RADIATION 110
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 113
CORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT 114
RISK COMMUNICATION
INFORMING THE DECISION-MAKER 117
INFORMING THE PUBLIC 118
INFORMING THE WORKER 125
TITLE INDEX 127
"Includes Quantitative Risk Assessment and Pharmacokinetics.
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This issue of Risk Assessment. Management and Communication: A
Guide to Selected Sources has been prepared and reviewed by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Due to the rapidly expanding
field of risk information, EPA cannot guarantee that all relevant
sources are cited. Publication does not signify that the contents
reflect the views of EPA or that EPA endorses the coverage and scope
of the subject matter as comprehensive, complete and appropriate.
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INTRODUCTION
This issue of Risk Assessment. Management and Communication^
Guide to Selected Sources is the seventh update in EPA's series of
risk management bibliographies. Subsequent issues of the Guide will
be compiled by the Office of Toxic Substances Library. References
were gathered from the environmental, medical and scientific
literature included in the following databases: Toxline, Conference
Papers Index, Enviroline, NTIS, PAIS Public Affairs Information
Service, and Legal Resource Index. The citations cover documents
added to those collections during the period from September 1988
through March 1989. The original Guide appeared in March 1987 and
was followed by quarterly updates. These earlier updates constitute
volume one of the current semiannual series.
Like its predecessors, this document is subdivided into Risk
Assessment, Risk Management and Risk Communication. The Table of
Contents lists further divisions of each of these categories.
Citations are arranged alphabetically by title, with the exception of
the chemical specific references. These citations are grouped
alphabetically by chemical name. Abstracts in the Risk Assessment
section have been shortened or eliminated if the content of the
article is adequately reflected in the title.
The EPA library network can assist EPA staff members and EPA
contractors in obtaining materials cited in the bibliography.
Reference copies of the original Guide and subsequent issues are
available through NTIS at the following address:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
703-487-4650
800-336-4700 (outside Virginia)
* Guide: PB87-185500
1st Update: PB87-203402/AS
2nd Update: PB88-100102
3rd Update: PB88-128178
Volume 2,N. 1: PB88-210596
Volume 2, N. 2: PB89-189641
* These five issues constitute volume 1 of the current series.
11
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Questions or comments concerning Risk Assessment. Management.
Communication: A Guide to Selected Sources may be sent to:
EPA Headquarters Library PM-211A
Risk Management Bibliographies
401 M St., S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
111
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RISK
ASSESSMENT
... IS THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS THAT
EVALUATES THE POTENTIAL FOR
OCCURENCES OF ADVERSE EFFECT.
GENERAL PERSPECTIVE. . . includes cross media approach,
de minimis risk, and uncertainty in asessment
Assessing EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Biotechnology
Research and Information Needs. Report of the Study Group on
Biotechnology
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EC-86/009
Jan 86 18p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Study Group was requested to undertake a preliminary evaluation of the Agency's
existing research and risk assessment capabilities organisms. The Group concluded
that although the Agency has increased its research staff and initiated a research
program in biotechnology, a larger and broader program than that envisioned is needed
by EPA decision makers. Evaluation of environmental effects, in particular, is an issue
which should receive high priority by EPA. The Study Group endorsed EPA's current
regulatory approach toward this developing industry. PB88-244678/XAB
Construction of Plasmids for Use in Risk Assessment Research
Zylstra, G. J. ; Cuskey, S. M. ; Olsen, R. H.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Medical School.
Corp. Source Codes: 002797166
Sponsor: Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/216
Oct 88 16p
Languages: English
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Journal Announcement: GRAI8903
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-R-812679
(NTIS)
The report describes a series of selftransmissible and nonselftransmissible (cloning
vector) plasmids constructed to compare results from different laboratory tests and
plasmid systems. Plasmids were designed to overcome problems of reproducibility,
confusion due to use of different genetic structures with a wide range of capabilities,
and background contamination when enumerating released organisms or recipients in
gene transfer determinations. Inclusion of one or more such plasmids may alleviate
some ambiguity in analysis of data from different environmental milieus. PB89-
118772/XAB
Criteria for Evaluating the Reliability of Literature Data on
Environmental Process Constants (Journal Version)
(Journal article)
Kollig, H. P.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Corp. Source Codes: 057445000
Report No.: EPA/600/J-88/201
1988 28p
Languages: English
Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908
Pub. in Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, v17 n8 p287-311 Aug 88.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
In the assessment of health risk from pollutant exposure, it is important for the
modeler to know the reliability of literature values that are needed for estimating the
fate of toxic substances in the environment. Since literature values, in general, are of
unknown reliability, evaluation criteria were developed for twelve rate and
equilibrium constants used in environment modeling. These evaluation criteria also
can be used to assess the reliability of literature values for other properties.
(Copyright (c) 1986 Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Inc.) PB89-
138796/XAB
ERA'S UNFINISHED BUSINESS
MORGENSTERN RICHARD (EPA) AND ; SESSIONS STUART (SOBOTKA &
CO, DC),
ENVIRONMENT, JUL-AUG 88, V30, N6, P14(10)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE A WIDE VARIETY OF FACTORS COMBINE TO MAKE PRIORITY SETTING
BY EPA DIFFICULT. ONE MAJOR DIFFICULTY STEMS FROM THE MULTIPLE STATUTORY
GOALS GOVERNING THE AGENCY; ACHIEVING ALL OF THE STATUTORY MANDATES WITH
THE LIMITED RESOURCES AVAILABLE IS IMPOSSIBLE. HOWEVER, IN RECENT YEARS
THERE HAVE BEEN SOME IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AGENCY'S PRIORITY SETTING.
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PERHAPS MOST IMPORTANT HAVE BEEN ADVANCES IN RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES
FOR THE HUMAN HEALTH RISKS OF EXPOSURE TO POLLUTANTS. THE RESULTS OF A
YEAR-LONG STUDY INITIATED TO DETERMINE THE COMPARATIVE MAGNITUDE OF THE
VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS THAT EPA MIGHT ADDRESS ARE SURVEYED. THE
MAJOR FINDINGS ARE RANKINGS OF THE 31 PROBLEM AREAS FOR EACH OF FOUR RISK
TYPES. EFFORTS ARE ALSO UNDERWAY TO EXPAND ON THE INITIAL COMPARATIVE
ASSESSMENT EFFORT. (1 DIAGRAM) Enviroline Number: *88-081229
Evaluating EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Current
Objectives and Future Needs for Biotechnology Risk Assessment
Research. Report of the Biotechnology Research Review Subcommittee
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EETFC-88/010
Jan 88 44p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The EPA Biotechnology Research Review Subcommittee commends the program and its
researchers for the number of significant accomplishments achieved in a short period
of time. Preliminary areas of concentration on development of methods were
appropriate and now allow the program to shift to application of methods. Specifically,
new emphasis should be placed on microcosm and field testing, investigating and
analyzing environmental effects, and developing control strategies for containment and
mitigation. The Subcommittee was concerned with the limited scope and lack of strategy
for the health effects component, while supporting the strategy underlying the
engineering component. PB88-248950/XAB
THE EVOLUTION OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS AND TESTING
PROCEDURES,
MCCURDY ROSS F. AND ; MOSS MICHAEL MANN AQUA LABS, CANADA,
WATER & POLLUTION CONTROL, OCT-NOV 88, V126, N5, P4(2)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE PROGRESS IN THE MAINTENANCE AND EXPANSION OF THE SUPPLY
OF CLEAN DRINKING WATER WILL DEPEND IN PART ON DEVELOPMENTS IN THE AREAS
OF DRINKING WATER STANDARDS AND WATER QUALITY TESTING. TODAY, WATER
QUALITY STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES DEAL WITH HEALTH-RELATED PARAMETERS,
AESTHETICS, AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS. AS IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO COMPLETELY
ELIMINATE EVERY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE AND ORGANISM FROM WATER SUPPLIES,
THE CONCEPT OF ACCEPTABLE RISK HAS BEEN USED. IN THE CASE OF SUBSTANCES
THAT APPEAR TO HAVE A THRESHOLD DOSE, A MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE DOSE CAN BE
DETERMINED. THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES HAS OCCURRED
CONCOMITANTLY WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER ANALYSIS METHODS, WHICH
ARE BRIEFLY REVIEWED. (2 PHOTOS) Enviroline Number: *89-000916
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Exposure Measurement for Air Pollution Epidemiology
Ferris, B. G. ; Ware, U. H. ; Spengler, J. D.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Corp. Source Codes: 011983000
Sponsor: Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/167
Aug 88 20p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-R-811650
(NTIS)
The chapter describes the evolution of air pollution epidemiology over a period when
changes in pollution technologies have both lowered total exposures and dispersed them
over vastly greater areas. Since personal exposure and microenvironmental
measurements are expensive, studies oriented toward measurements of total exposure
will be smaller and more intensive. The shift in emphasis to total human exposure also
will affect health risk assessment and raise difficult issues in the regulatory domain.
Considering that outdoor exposures (for which EPA has a regulatory mandate) occur in
the context of exposures from other sources, the potential effect of regulatory action
would probably be small. The regulatory issues are even more difficult for particulate
air pollution since cigarette smoking is the strongest determinant of indoor levels but
the EPA lacks regulatory responsibility for cigarette smoke. PB88-246111/XAB
Hazard and risk assessment and acceptability of chemicals in the
environment
Bro-Rasmussen, F.
Tech. Univ.. Lyngby, Denmark
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in Environment 8835010
University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V OBN
(UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
THE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVE IMPLICATIONS OF TOXICOLOGICAL
STANDARDS: THE NEED FOR CONSISTENT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS,
HSE COMM SCIENCE SPACE TECH HEARINGS 100 CON 2 97, MAR 17, 88 (232)
(ENVIROLINE)
HEARING TRANSCRIPT HEARINGS WERE HELD TO EXAMINE THE INCONSISTENCIES IN
THE VARIOUS LISTS OF SUBSTANCES WHICH CONCEIVABLY COULD BE FOUND TO CAUSE
CANCER IN HUMANS. INCONSISTENT TOXICOLOGICAL STANDARDS BETWEEN THE US
AND OTHER NATIONS MAY DISADVANTAGE US CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS. ALTHOUGH
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT EXISTS ON SCIENTIFIC METHODS USED TO IDENTIFY AND
EVALUATE CARCINOGENS, AGREEMENTS 00 NOT EXIST ON THE TYPE AND DEGREE OF
EVIDENCE NECESSARY TO CLASSIFY A CARCINOGEN AS A KNOWN, PROBABLE, OR
POSSIBLE CARCINOGEN. THE USE OF LISTS DEVELOPED BY HHS, EPA, AND OTHERS AS
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THE BASIS FOR REGULATORY DECISIONS CONCERNING CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IS
CRITIQUED. PRINCIPLES FOR EXPOSURE AND RISK ASSESSMENT ARE SUGGESTED, AS
ARE PROPOSALS FOR HARMONIZING TOXICOLOGICAL STANDARDS. TESTIMONY WAS
PRESENTED BY JOHN HIGGINSON OF GEORGETOWN UNIV.; RONALD LANG OF THE
CHEMICAL MFRS. ASSN.; AND OTHERS. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS AND MEMORANDA ARE
TRANSCRIBED. Enviroline Number: *89-000696
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (for IBM PC
Microcomputers)
(Data file)
Picardi, R. ; Swartout, U.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Research and
Development.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287457
Report No.: EPA/DF/DK-88/050
1988 12 diskettes
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8819
See also PB88-215884.
The data file is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double sided, double density diskettes,
compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII format.
NTIS Prices: CP D06
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), an on-line database of chemical-
specific risk information, was made available outside EPA. IRIS provides information
on how chemicals affect human health and is a primary source of EPA risk assessment
information on chemicals of environmental concern. It is intended to serve as a guide
for the hazard identification and dose-response assessment steps of EPA risk
assessments. The principal section of IRIS is the chemical files. The chemical files
contain: oral and inhalation reference doses for noncarcinogens; oral and inhalation
carcinogen assessments; summarized Drinking Water Health Advisories;
summaries of selected EPA regulations; supplementary data (for example, acute
toxicity information and physical-chemical properties). The two primary types of
health assessment information in IRIS are reference doses and carcinogen assessments.
Reference doses are estimated human chemical exposures over a lifetime which are
just below the expected threshold for adverse health effects. Because exposure
assessment pertains to exposure at a particular place, IRIS cannot provide situational
information on exposure. IRIS can be used with an exposure assessment to characterize
the risk of chemical exposure. This risk characterization can be used to decide what
must be done to protect human health. Oral reference doses (RfD) are provided for
most of the chemicals in IRIS and carcinogen slope factors are provided for some.
Inhalation reference doses are not yet available in IRIS. Inhalation reference doses will
be added after the Agency produces a methodology for developing these RfDs. For more
information on IRIS call IRIS User Support at (513) 569-7254 or FTS 684-7254.
PB88-215892/XAB
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JUDGING LIMITS OF SAFETY IS A REGULATOR'S NIGHTMARE,
LIPKIN RICHARD
INSIGHT, MAY 23, 88, V4, N21, P14(3)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE DECISIONS OF RISK ASSESSORS AND REGULATORS, WHO SET
LIMITS OF SAFETY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES, ARE DIFFICULT TO ARRIVE AT AND OFTEN
IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY AND GENERATE CONTROVERSY AND LAWSUITS. IN THE CASE
OF THE CARCINOGEN DIOXIN, EPA HAS RECOMMENDED A LOWER RISK-SPECIFIC DOSE
THAT WOULD INCREASE THE LEVEL IT CONSIDERS SAFE FROM 0.006 PICOGRAMS PER
KILOGRAM OF BODY WEIGHT/DAY TO 0.1. EPA IS USING THE SAME RISK MODEL-A
LINEARIZED MULTI-STAGE MODEL-BUT MAKING LESS CONSERVATIVE ASSUMPTIONS
THAN CDC, WHOSE DAILY DOSAGE ESTIMATE IS 0.03, AND FDA, WHOSE STANDARD IS
0.06. INCONSISTENCY OF THIS KIND MAKES THE PUBLIC UNDERSTANDABLY
SKEPTICAL. NEVERTHELESS, RISK ANALYSIS IS A NECESSARY IF INEXACT DISCIPLINE.
(1 GRAPH, 4 PHOTOS) Enviroline Number: 88-081224
Methodological Challenges in Health Risk Assessment
(Final rept)
Lewin and Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Corp. Source Codes: 064210000
Sponsor: Public Health Service, Rockville, MD. Office of Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion.
12 Oct 87 466p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8903
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Sponsored by Public Health Service, Rockville, MO. Office of Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion.
NTIS Prices: PC A20/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: PHS-282-83-0069
(NTIS)
Risk assessment, a major activity of both health and regulatory agencies, is subject to
large and unavoidable uncertainties. Thus, different teams of knowledgeable experts
can come to different conclusions about risks to human health from various sorts of
hazards. The report examines and compares analyses by two or more agencies of ten
health hazards or potential hazards: ethylene dibromide, formaldehyde, Tris, dioxin
(limited to cancer risks of contaminated soil), lead (reproductive effects), cotton
dust, noise (long-term hearing impairment), passive smoking, dietary fat (cancer
risks), and the radiation hazards of mammography. Each set of risk assessments is
analyzed in depth. The report then turns to cross-cutting analyses of such matters as
setting priorities for risk assessment, approaches and methods used to evaluate
different kinds of risks, and the relationships between risk assessment and risk
management. Overall, the report found large differences among risk assessments of the
same hazard, but these differences are often quite appropriate. PB89-116032/XAB
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NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Report on
Occupational Safety and Health for Fiscal Year 1986 under Public Law
91 -596
National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Corp. Source Codes: 052678000
Sep 87 58p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8822
See also report for 1984, PB88-237508.
NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
A brief review was provided of the development of the field of occupational safety and
health in the United States. The tasks which NIOSH was mandated to carry out were
briefly defined and its activities in the areas of hazard identification, hazard
evaluation, control systems, and dissemination of information were described. The
organization of the Institute was delineated with explanations of activities given for
each of its various divisions. Efforts were described in the areas of concern. PB88-
23751 6/XAB
Observations on work force and training needs for assessing
environmental health risks.
DeRoos, Roger L. and others.
Public Health Repts 103:348-54 JI/Ag '88, chart
LANGUAGE: Engl
DOC TYPE: P
(PAIS INTERNATIONAL)
Based on the experiences of agencies in six states. Education and risk assessment,
particularly as they relate to schools of public health and the role of continuing
education.
Perspective of PC-Based Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Sattison, M. B. ; Rasmuson, D. M. ; Robinson, R. C. ; Russell, K. D. ; Van Siclen, V. S.
EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls.
Corp. Source Codes: 046580000; 9507781
Sponsor: Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC. Office of Nuclear
Regulatory Research.; Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: EGG-M-33687; CONF-871234-14
1987 9p
Languages: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8818; NSA1300
ASME winter meeting, Boston, MA, USA, 13 Dec 1987.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC07-76ID01570
(NTIS)
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Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) information has been under-utilized in the past
due to the large effort required to input the PRA data and the large expense of the
computers needed to run PRA codes. The microcomputer-based Integrated Reliability
and Risk Analysis System (IRRAS) and the System Analysis and Risk Assessment
(SARA) System, under development at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, have
greatly enhanced the ability of managers to use PRA techniques in their decision-
making. IRRAS is a tool that allows an analyst to create, modify, update, and reanalyze
a plant PRA to keep the risk assessment current with the plant's configuration and
operation. The SARA system is used to perform sensitivity studies on the results of a
PRA. This type of analysis can be used to evaluate proposed changes to a plant or its
operation. The success of these two software projects demonstrate that risk
information can be made readily available to those that need it. This is the first step in
the development of a true risk management capability. (ERA citation 13:029085)
DE88006715/XAB
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F, Hazard Evaluation:
Human and Domestic Animals. Series 81-3 and 82-4. Acute and
Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Testing. Addendum 6 on Data Reporting
Gross, S. B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287124
Report No.: EPA/540/09-89/007
Oct 88 38p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8903
See also PB83-153916 and PB89-124085.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Acute and Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity
Testing, Series 81-3 and 82-4, gives guidance to pesticide registrants on the format
of their study report so that the Agency can review it efficiently. The guidance clarifies
sections in the existing Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F, on data
reporting. It provides an outline for the study report which data submitters can use in
preparing their reports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 data requirements
for the registration of pesticides. The DRG for Series 81-3 and 82-4, Acute and
Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Testing, is only one of a number of DRGs published by
the National Technical Information Service as an addendum to Subdivision F of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines. PB89-124077/XAB
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F, Hazard Evaluation:
Human and Domestic Animals. Series 85-1, General Metabolism.
Addendum 7 on Data Reporting
Ghali, G. Z. ; Engler, R.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287124
Report No.: EPA/540/09-89/008
Oct 88 20p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8903
See also PB89-124077.
8
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NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for General Metabolism, Series 85-1, gives
guidance to pesticide registrants on the format of their study report so that the Agency
can review if efficiently. The guidance clarifies sections in the existing Pesticide
Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F, on data reporting. It provides an outline for the
study report which data submitters can use in preparing their reports for submission
to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 data requirements for the registration of pesticides. The
DRG for Series 85-1, General Metabolism, is only one of a number of DRGs published
by the National Technical Information Service as an addendum to Subdivision F of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines. PB89-124085/XAB
Probability and Control Cost Effectiveness for Accidental Toxic Chemical
Releases
DeWolf, G. B.; Quass, U. D.; Bare, J. C.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Corp. Source Codes: 029117000
Sponsor: Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/137
Jun-88 21p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8820
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-02-3994
(NTIS)
The paper shows how fault tree analysis (FTA) of a process System can be used to
compare the relative effectiveness of various equipment, design, and operating
measures for release prevention and protection applied to process streams. It also
shows how the costs of various safety control measures can be estimated and combined
with accident frequency estimates to provide a basis for efficiently allocating financial
resources for safety. In addition to the positive aspects of the methodology shown,
limitations of the methodology and needs for future investigations are highlighted.
Attempting to prevent and protect against an accidental or emergency release of a toxic
gas or vapor is preferable to actions taken after such a release. Of the various formal,
quantitative methods for estimating how e eases might occur and their probability for
process systems, FTA is being used more frequently. While there are current
limitations to the method, due to a lack of adequate reliability data for process System
components, it can still be used to provide valuable information to planners. PB88-
225032/XAB
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Process safety and risk assessment in public decision making
Waite, P.U.; Shillito, O.E.
Cremer and Warner, UK
CHEMECA '88-Australia's Bicentennial International
Conference for the Process Industries 8830498 Sydney
(Australia) 28-31 Aug 1988
Institution of Chemical Engineers; Institution of Chemical Engineers in Australia;
Royal Australian Chemical Institute; et al.
Institution of Engineers, Australia, 11 National Circuit, Barton, ACT 2600, Australia.
Telephone: (062)70 6549. Telex: AA62758. Facsimile: (062) 73 1488
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Protest movements and the construction of risk
Gerlach, LP.
Wissenschaftszentrum, Berlin (Germany, F.R.). Internationale s Inst. fuer Umwelt
und Gesellschaft.
Corp. Source Codes: 076912001
Report No.: IIUG-DP-86-10
1986 61p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8905
NTIS Prices: PC E07
Country of Publication: Germany, Federal Republic of
(NTIS)
An important event in western society is the often militant protest of major
technologies. Such have been explained in at least five ways; as problems in risk
assessment and management; as problems in decision-making procedures; as a result
of post-industrial transformation; as driven by social movements or as events which
produce public debates which can lead to sociocultural change. This report briefly
criticizes the first three of these and argues the explanatory merits of the last two.
Social movements are analyzed as a phenomenon which drives technological disputes,
controls risk/benefit assessment and procedural adaptation, and generates culture-
changing public debates. Technological risk is constructed in the process of such
disputes as social movements act and interact with established orders and the larger
society. (orig./RHM). (TIB: RO 740(86-10).) (Copyright (c) 1988 by FIZ. Citation
no. 88:082209.) TIB/A88-82209/XAB
Regional Environmental Studies Using National Data Bases and GIS
(Geographic Information System)
Olson, R. U. ; McCord, R. A. ; Dearstone, K. C. ; Timmins, S. P.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Corp. Source Codes: 021310000; 4832000
Sponsor: Analyses Corp., Oak Ridge, TN.; Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: CONF-880385-1
1988 18p
Languages: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823; NSA1300
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. ISRI annual user
conference, Palm Springs. CA, USA, 21 Mar 1988.
10
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NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC05-840R21400
(NTIS)
The Environmental Sciences Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has conducted a
variety of regional and national studies of potential environmental impacts related to
energy development. These studies have included the assessment of acid deposition
impacts, assessment of global climate change, environmental impact and risk analysis,
and landscape pattern analysis. The authors have compiled the Geoecology and ADDNET
data bases for regional studies. These data bases contain extensive national data
regarding soils, land use, agriculture, forestry, aquatic resources, endangered
species, natural areas, air quality, emissions, and climate. SAS is used for data
management, analysis, and display. An in-house geographic information system (GIS)
is also used for mapping. In 1986 we acquired the ARC/INFO system to enhance our GIS
capabilities and to be compatible with other federal agencies. Our evaluation of lake
chemistry data from the Environmental Protection Agency's National Surface Water
Survey demonstrates the use of GIS as a tool for regional studies. In addition, the
interfacing of SAS data sets and ARC/INFO attribute files is discussed. 8 refs. (ERA
citation 13:034817) DE88008368/XAB
Risk Assessment: An Introduction
Travis, C. C.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Corp. Source Codes: 021310000: 4832000
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: CONF-881183-1
1938 34p
Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908 NSA1400
International toxicology seminar on environmental toxicology, Bangkok, Thailand, 14
Nov 1988.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC05-840R21400
(NTIS)
Growing public awareness of the potential risk to humans from hazardous chemicals in
the environment has led to concern over permissible exposure limits. This awareness
has generated a demand for a rational means of estimating risk and of limiting exposure
where risk is judged to be excessive. An outcome of this awareness has been the
emergence of the field of risk assessment. Risk assessment synthesizes available data
on exposure and toxicity of chemicals and uses the best scientific judgment to estimate
the associated risk to humans. The risk analysis process involves four consecutive
steps: Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Management, and Risk
Communication. The focus of this presentation is on the risk assessment component of
this process. 57 refs., 7 figs. (ERA citation 14:001994) DE88016789/XAB
11
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Risk assessment and risk acceptance
Roberts, L.E.J.
Univ. East Anglia, UK
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 8835010 University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington
House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Risk assessment of chemicals: A global approach
Mercier, M.
I PCS, Geneva, Switzerland
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 8835010 University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1v OBN
(UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Risk assessment of domestic chemicals
Melnick, S.C.
Toxic Chem. Inf. Cent., London, UK
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in Environment 8835010
University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V OBN
(UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Risk assessment: Prediction and reality
Warner, F.
Univ. Essex, UK
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 8835010 University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington
House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
12
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RISKY BUSINESS OF ASSESSING DANGER,
LIPKIN RICHARD
INSIGHT, MAY 23, 88, V4, N21, P8(6)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE CARCINOGENS IN PESTICIDES AND SUBSTANCES WITH
"REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY" ARE SOME OF THE TARGETS OF CALIFORNIA'S PROPOSITION
65. SUCH SAFETY MEASURES, COUCHED IN LEGAL LANGUAGE AND BASED ON
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, SET ACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF RISK. EPA, FDA, AND NRC ARE
AMONG THE FEDERAL AGENCIES THAT ATTEMPT TO QUANTIFY RISK. OF THE 7 MILLION
KNOWN MAN-MADE CHEMICALS, LESS THAN 10% HAVE BEEN TESTED FOR TOXICITY;
AND THE VALIDITY OF TEST CONCLUSIONS CAN BE QUESTIONED. SOME OF THE
DIFFICULTIES IN MAKING RISK ASSESSMENTS ARE: ANIMAL TESTING OFTEN FAILS TO
EXTRAPOLATE TO HUMANS; DIFFERENT MATHEMATICAL RISK MODELS USED TO
TRANSLATE ANIMAL DATA YIELD DIFFERENT RESULTS; SCIENTISTS LACK KNOWLEDGE
OF SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN METABOLISM AND THE MECHANISMS OF
CARCINOGENICITY. RISK ANALYSIS ADDRESSES NOT ONLY THE DANGERS OF VARIOUS
CHEMICALS BUT ALSO THE DANGERS INHERENT IN THE ASSUMPTIONS ON WHICH MUCH
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IS BASED. IT IS A FIELD THAT CONTINUES TO GROW IN AN AGE
OF HEALTH-HAZARD AWARENESS. (9 PHOTOS) Enviroline Number: 88-081225
Surviving the 1980s at EPA.
Truax,- Hawley.
Environmental Action 20:12-16 Ja/F '89, il
LANGUAGE: Engl
DOC TYPE: P
(PAIS INTERNATIONAL)
Emergence of the risk assessment process at the Environmental Protection Agency.
Trends in risk assessment from the deterministic to the probabilistic
Farmer, F.R.
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in Environment 8835010
University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews,
Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Ways in Which EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and the
Environmental Health Committee Can Enhance Their Efficiency in
Reviewing Risk Assessments
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EHC-86/018 8
Apr 86 6p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
13
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Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The report identifies areas in which the Environmental Protection Agency and the
Environmental Health Committee of EPA's Science Advisory Board could enhance the
efficiency of carrying out their joint responsibilities. Areas targeted for study are
reviewing risk assessments and methods for planning scientific reviews. The
Committee's viewpoint and current concerns are presented in the document. PB88-
242755/XAB
What should you worry about when doing a risk assessment?
Freeman, R.
Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer
National Meeting 8830985 Denver, CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345
East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017 (USA). Telephone:
(212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No. 65c
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES
Applicability of U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Risk
Assessment Guidelines for Chemical Mixtures
Lutkenhoff, S. D. ; Hertzberg, R. C. ; Sonich-Mullin, C.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office.
Corp. Source Codes: 034680061
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/170
Aug 88 35p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8822
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The U.S. EPA published Guidelines for the health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures
in September, 1986. To facilitate the application of Guidelines procedures the Agency
has developed a data base on known toxicological interactions (synergism, etc.). This
unique resource allos incorporation of interaction data on a case-by-case basis into
mixture risk assessments. Additional technical support information is being compiled,
which will provide the scientific basis for the Guidelines procedures. In the present
paper, the Guidelines still be summarized and illustrated using an example assessment
of contaminated ground water. PB88-238951/XAB
14
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Approach to Uncertainty in Risk Analysis
Rish, W. R.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Corp. Source Codes: 021310000; 4832000
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: ORNL/TM-10746
Aug 88 143p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8904; NSA1300
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A07/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC05-840R21400
(NTIS)
In the Fall of 1985 EPA's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) initiated a project to
develop a formal approach to dealing with uncertainties encountered when estimating
and evaluating risks to human health and the environment. Based on a literature
review of modeling uncertainty, interviews with ORP technical and management staff,
and input from experts on uncertainty analysis, a comprehensive approach was
developed. This approach recognizes by design the constraints on budget, time,
manpower, expertise, and availability, of information often encountered in "real
world" modeling. It is based on the observation that in practice risk modeling is
usually done to support a decision process. As such, the approach focuses on how to
frame a given risk modeling problem, how to use that framing to select an appropriate
mixture of uncertainty analyses techniques, and how to integrate the techniques into an
uncertainty assessment that effectively communicates important information and
insight to decision-makers. The approach is presented in this report. Practical
guidance on characterizing and analyzing uncertainties about model form and quantities
and on effectively communicating uncertainty analysis results is included. Examples
from actual applications are presented. (ERA citation 13:047344)
DE88015332/XAB
Assessment of Reproductive Risks (Journal Version)
(Journal article)
Clegg, E. D.; Sakai. C. S.; Voytek, P. E.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287609
Report No.: EPA/600/J-85/501
1985 14p
Languages: English
Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8907
Pub. in Biology of Reproduction, v34 p5-16 1986.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
In the regulatory process, the hazards posed by potentially toxic agents to the female
and male reproductive systems and to developing young are evaluated by risk
assessment procedures. In the paper, toxicity testing and the regulatory process are
discussed, with emphasis on risk assessment. The suggested testing protocols of the
15
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Pesticide Assessment Guidelines (U.S. EPA) are presented as an example of testing that
might be done to produce toxicity data for an agent. Protocols and end points that are
utilized in testing for reproductive effects are described. Included are acute.
subchronic, chronic, and short-term tests. The four components of reproductive risk
assessment (hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment,
and risk characterization) are examined. Effects of dibromochloropropane on rabbit
testicular parameters are used to demonstrate approaches that could be taken in doing a
reproductive risk assessment. Research needs are identified. Areas in which changes in
reproductive risk assessment are anticipated, as well as the mechanism for
influencing the nature and extent of those changes are discussed. PB89-134746/XAB
Assessment of the Water Hazard of Material with Regard to the Storage,
Transfer and Transport, and Investigation to Clear Up Limits Specific
to Substance and Methods of Assessment of the Water Hazard
(Bewertung wassergefaehrdender Stoffe im Hinblick auf Lagerung,
Umschlag und Transport und Untersuchung zur Abklaerung substanz-
und bewertungsmethodenspezifischer Grenzfaelle bei der Bewertung
wassergefaehrdender Stoffe.)
Trenel, J. ; Kuehn, R.
Bundesgesundheitsamt, Berlin (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Wasser-, Boden- und
Lufthygiene.
Corp. Source Codes: 004845001
Sponsor: Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany, F.R.).
Jul 82 62p
Languages: German
Journal Announcement: GRAI8907
In German,
NTIS Prices: PC E07
Country of Publication: Germany, Federal Republic of
(NTIS)
The aim of the research work was to examine selected materials according to the
criteria of the scheme of evaluation, which had been worked out by the ad hoc Working
Party 'Water hazard ranking of materials' of the BMI Committee on 'Storage and
transport of materials hazardous to water'. The range of tests by which the materials
were examined, was given by the above-mentioned scheme of evaluation. This was: the
determination of toxicity to bacteria; the determination of biodegradability; the
determination of toxicity to algae; the determination of acute toxicity to daphnia; the
determination of acute toxicity to fish, the determination of acute oral toxicity to rats.
The test results obtained are given in tables. Solutions were examined for the problems
or limits of ability to test, arising during the investigations. The test results are
intended for use as a basis for .water hazard assessment. (orig./RHM). (TIB: FR 848.)
(Copyright (c) 1988 by FIZ. Citation no. 88:082798.) TIB/A88-82798/XAB
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation Procedure: Eye
Irritation Studies
Seabaugh, V. M.: Vocci, F. J.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287124
Report No.: EPA/540/09-88/105
Aug 88 36p
Languages: English
16
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Journal Announcement: GRAI8903
See also PB83-153916
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Standard Evaluation Procedure for Eye Irritation Studies states the purpose and
requirements, and the test is further defined in the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines
(Subdivision F, Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals, (1982, revised
1984)). Background information is given on the development of the test, animal
models, scoring system, labeling, and factors affecting the results. There are
discussions on objective and alternative technologies, evaluation based on weight-of-
evidence, epidemiological data, and low dose and dose response studies. A tier system is
presented incorporating present methods and possible future alternatives. Data
Reporting Guidelines (Subdivision F, Series 81-4, Eye Irritation) are available
(National Technical Information Service (NTIS), accession no. PB88-161179 EPA
document no. 540/09-88-023).
Report of the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Workshop on the
Development of Risk Assessment Methodologies for Tumor Promoters
Connery, U.
Eastern Research Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
Corp, Source Codes: 085443000
Sponsor: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment.
Report No.: EPA/600/9-87/013
Jun 87 217p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8821
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment.
NTIS Prices: PC A10/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-03-3234
(NTIS)
At a workshop sponsored by the EPA Office of Research and Development, thirteen
expert panelists discussed research needed to support the development of risk
assessment methodologies for tumor promoters. The panelists exchanged current data
on promotion, identified data gaps, and formulated general and specific research
recommendations. Available data suggest that there are probably at least three stages of
carcinogenesis - initiation, promotion and progression - and that there are agents that
are associated predominantly with these three stages. The panelists agreed that the
mechanism of promotion is not currently understood and they suggest that there may
be several different mechanisms of promotion. Available data suggest that promotion is
substantially different from initiation, and that traditional risk assessment models for
carcinogens are not appropriate for promoters. The panelists agreed that not enough
data are currently available to assess the risks of promoters, and that substantial
research is needed in several areas. PB88-230743/XAB
17
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Review of Technical Documents Supporting Proposed Revisions to EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency) Regulations for the
Disposal/Reuse of Sewage Sludge under Section 405(d) of the Clean
Water Act
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EEC-87/015
Jan 87 82p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
In August 1985 the Environmental Engineering Committee of the Science Advisory
Board was asked by the Office of Water Regulations and Standards (OWRS) to review
technical documents supporting development of EPA regulations for the disposal/reuse
of sewage sludge under Section 405(d) of the Clean Water Act. The Committee was also
asked by the Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection (OMEP) to review technical
documents supporting revisions of the EPA ocean dumping regulations. The Committee
chose to review the two sets of documents together, since they both dealt with a
common subject, and since they shared, in some respects, a common methodology. The
report, however, covers only the review of the OWRS documents, which consist of a set
of risk assessment methodologies (1,2,3,4) for four sludge disposal/reuse options
(landfilling, land application/distribution and marketing, incineration, and ocean
disposal). The reviews of the OMEP documents are covered in separate Committee
reports. The Committee's principal findings are outlined. PB88-Z43407/XAB
Risk Assessment Guidelines Update, 1988
Ehrlich, A. M.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287609
Report No.: EPA/600ID-88/264
Nov 88 34p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8904
See also PB88-123997.
NTIS Prices: Not available NTIS
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
In 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued five guidelines for
conducting risk assessments. The authors describe the process used by EPA to evaluate
the health effects of exposure to environmental toxicants. When those guidelines were
issued, EPA stated its intent to continue the development of new guidelines and revision
of existing guidelines. The paper discusses the seven guideline activities under way as
of September 1988: female reproductive risk, male reproductive risk, exposure
measurements, developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, non-cancer health effects, and
neurotoxicity. PB89-133417
18
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Role of Health-Based Criteria Development in USATHAMA'S (US Army
Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency) Installation Restoration
Program: Final Report
Etnier, E. L.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Corp. Source Codes: 021310000; 4832000
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: ORNL-6489
Jun 88 27p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902; NSA1300
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC05-840R21400
(NTIS)
The purpose of this report is to provide the Project Managers (PM) of the US Army
Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency (USATHAMA) Installation Restoration Program
(IRP) with an overview of the means by which various health-based criteria and
standards are derived and with definitions of health risk terms frequently used in the
risk assessment/risk management scheme. Although certain chemical-specific
criteria or standards may apply directly to ambient conditions at a hazardous waste
site, many require adjustment to make them revelant and appropriate to the exposure
conditions found at a particular site. This report will provide insight into the means of
adjusting available health-based information to provide guidance on cleanup of waste
sites and will give examples to clarify the methodologies. In particular, basic concepts
for derivation of health-based standards and criteria for systemic toxicants and
carcinogens are discussed, as well as the actual standards and criteria themselves.
These include maximum contaminant level goals, maximum contaminant levels.
drinking water health advisories, and ambient water quality criteria for the protection
of human health. It can be seen that several basic precepts are inherent in each of the
methodologies described, and an understanding of these basic concepts will allow the
IRP PM to evaluate the chemical-specific ARARs developed for cleanup of any CERCLA
site. DE88013223/XAB
Use of Short-Term Bioassays in Estimating Human Health Hazards of
Wastewater Effluents
Condie, L W. : Easterly, C. E. ; Glass, L R.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicology and Microbiology Div.
Corp. Source Codes: 057052001;
Sponsor: Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Health and Safety Research Div.
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/132
Jun 88 17p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8820
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Health and Safety Research
Div.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
19
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Effluents from wastewater treatment facilities are discharged as a complex mixture of
numerous chemical substances, which may include cytotoxic, carcinogenic and
mutagenic compounds. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently
established a research program to determine if a bioassay approach for evaluating the
potential adverse human health effects from exposure to complex mixtures might
supplement conventional chemical analysis for setting regulatory limits for
wastewaters. The paper summarizes a bioassay testing strategy for characterizing
cytotoxic and mutagenic activity of various wastewater effluents. The use of a relative
potency framework for assessing complex mixtures for potential health hazards is
addressed. PB88-220686/XAB
METHODS FOR ESTIMATING RISK
Application of groundwater modeling in risk assessment and clean-up
level determination
Djafari, S.H.
IT Corp., Pittsburgh, PA
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer
National Meeting 8830985 Denver, CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345
East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017 (USA). Telephone:
(212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No. 38e
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Background data for risk assessment: An alternative to the traditional
LD sub(50) study?
van den Heuvel, M.J.
DHSS, London, UK
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 8835010 University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V OBN
(UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
CHAWS (Chemical HAzard Warning System) User's Guide: System
Description and Standard Operating Procedures, Pine Bluff Arsenal
Shinn, J. H. ; Novo, M. G.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 068147000; 9513035
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: UCID-21333
Mar 88 183p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8904; NSA1300
Paper copy only, copy does not permit microfiche production.
20
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NTIS Prices: PC A09
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: W-7405-ENG-48
(NTIS)
The Chemical HAzard Warning System (CHAWS) has been designed to collect
meteorological data and to display, in real time, hazardous chemical dispersion as a
result of an accidental release. Meteorological sensors are placed strategically around
each installation and are used to calculate direction and hazard distance for the release.
These data are then graphically displayed on a computer screen showing a site map and
arrows depicting the release direction and distance traveled. The objectives of CHAWS
are as follows: to determine the trajectory of the center of mass of released material
from the measured wind field; to calculate the dispersion based on the measured lateral
turbulence intensity (sigma theta); to determine the height of the mixing zone by
measurement of the inversion height and wind profiles up to an altitude of about 1 km;
to archive meteorological data for potential use in climatological descriptions for
emergency planning; to archive air-quality data for preparation of compliance
reports; and to provide access to the data for realtime hazard analysis purposes. The
system is discussed. (ERA citation 13:049532) DE88014313/XAB
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE INDEX,
EASTERBRCOK JOHN DOW CHEMICAL CANADA INC, CANADA,
ENV CANADA CHEMICAL SPILLS 5TH TECHNICAL SYM, MONTREAL, FEB
9-11, 88, P297(12)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER A CHEMICAL EXPOSURE INDEX (CEI) FORMULATED BY DOW CHEMICAL
PROVIDES A METHOD OF RATING THE RELATIVE POTENTIAL OF ACUTE HEALTH HAZARD
TO HUMANS FROM POSSIBLE CHEMICAL RELEASE INCIDENTS. THE INDEX IS INTENDED
TO SERVE AS A SIMPLE, EMPIRICAL RATING OF THE ACUTE TOXIC HAZARDS FROM
CHEMICALS IN A COMPARABLE AND QUANTITATIVE MANNER. THE CEI FORMULA TAKES
INTO ACCOUNT FIVE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THE MAGNITUDE OF EXPOSURE FROM
ANY POTENTIAL RELEASE: TOXICITY, QUANTITY. DISTANCE, MOLECULAR WEIGHT, AND
PROCESS VARIABLES SUCH AS TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND REACTIVITY. EACH
FACTOR HAS BEEN CATEGORIZED INTO DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL SCALE NUMBERS TO
MAINTAIN QUICK AND SIMPLE CALCULATIONS. (1 DIAGRAM, 1 REFERENCE, 1 TABLE)
Enviroline Number: *88-081174
Comparison and Application of Quantitative Human Reliability Analysis
Methods for the Risk Methods Integration and Evaluation Program
(RMIEP). Final Report
(Technical rept.) Haney, L. N. ; Blackman, H. 5. ; Bell, B. J. ; Rose, S. E. Hesse, D. U.
Idaho National Engineering Lab., Idaho Falls.
Corp. Source Codes: 056198000;
Sponsor: Battelle Columbus Div., OH.; Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington,
DC. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research.
Report No.: EGG-2485
Jan 89 192p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Also pub. as Battelle Columbus Div., OH. rept. no.
BMI-2159. Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Div., OH. Sponsored by
21
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Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC. Office of Nuclear Regulatory
Research.
NTIS Prices: PC A09/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The report documents the human reliability analysis (HRA) portion of the Risk
Methods Integration and Evaluation Program (RMIEP) sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission. A literature search identified 20 HRA methods for
consideration. Twelve methods were evaluated as appropriate for use in probabilistic
risk assessment (PRA) for nuclear power plants (NPPs) by using a criteria set
developed for that purpose. Data were collected at a commercial NPP with operators
responding to walkthroughs of four severe accident scenarios. An HRA systems analysis
was also performed for the plant. The data were used in the application and quantitative
comparison of selected HRA methods. Possible reasons for observed quantitative
differences are discussed. Qualitative comparisons of the 12 methods are provided via
attribute descriptions and utility ratings in an HRA selection tool designed to help
analysis select appropriate HRA methods based on their goals and available resources.
An assessment of the current state of the art of HRA for PRA is presented as well as
recommendations for the future use of HRA in PRA. NUREG/CR-4835/XAB
Draft Risk Screening Analysis of Mining Wastes
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EEC-88/028 26
Apr 88 35p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Mine Waste Risk Screen Subcommittee of the EPA Science Advisory Board's
Environmental Engineering Committee concluded that the general risk screen approach
for analysis of mining waste is appropriate and the risk screen methodology can be
used for setting priorities for collection of additional data when all appropriate
pathways and component models are implemented. The Subcommittee recommended
that, while the model may be appropriate, it should not, in its current state, be used to
provide a context for performing analyses which may lay out options for the scope of
the regulatory approaches for managing mining wastes. The Subcommittee identified
additional pathway receptor combinations approach is conceptually sound and the air
emission factors are appropriate for the present state of development of the risk
screen analysis. PB89-114128/XAB
ELECTRODE SYSTEMS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTANTS (HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICALS),
SMART RONALD B. WEST VIRGINIA UNIV,
HEMISPHERE PUBLISHING CORP REPORT, 1987, V5, P1(27)
(ENVIROLINE)
22
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BOOK VARIOUS ELECTRODE SYSTEMS ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS. THE FUNCTIONS AND CAPABILITIES OF BIOSENSORS
AND VOLTAMMETRIC AND POLAROGRAPHIC ELECTRODE SYSTEMS ARE DETAILED.
MODULATED MODES, STRIPPING ANALYSIS, ELECTRODES, AND APPLICATIONS IN THE
ANALYSIS OF INORGANIC CATIONS AND ANIONS, ORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLJC
COMPOUNDS, AND TRACE METAL SPECIATION ARE DISCUSSED A NEED EXISTS FOR
ELECTRODE SYSTEMS WHICH CAN BE RENDERED MORE SELECTIVE OR SPECIFIC FOR
INDIVIDUAL POLLUTANTS IN COMPLEX MATRICES. THE EMERGING FIELD OF
CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ELECTRODES OFFERS POTENTIAL FOR SOLVING THIS PROBLEM.
(4 DIAGRAMS, 6 GRAPHS, 1 PHOTO, 83 REFERENCES, 3 TABLES) Enviroline Number:
*88-091060
Expert Opinion in Risk Analysis: The NUREG-1150 Methodology
Hora, S. C. ; Iman, R. L
Hawaii Univ. at Hilo.
Corp. Source Codes: 077890000: 9520256
Sponsor: Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM.: Department of Energy, Washington,
DC.
Report No.: SAND-88-0122C; CONF-880601-36
1988 16p
Languages: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8903; NSA1300
American Nuclear Society annual meeting, San Diego, CA, USA, 12 Jun 1988.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC04-76DP00789
(NTIS)
The Reactor Risk Reference Document (US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987) is
the most comprehensive study and application of probabilistic risk analysis and
uncertainty analysis methods for nuclear power generation safety since the Reactor
Safety Study (US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1975). Many of the issues
addressed in PRA work such as NUREG-1150 involve phenomena that have not been
studied through experiment or observation to an extent that makes possible a definitive
analysis. In many instances, the rarity or severity of the phenomena make resolution
impossible at this time. In these instances, the best available information resides with
experts who have studied the phenomena in question. This paper is about a reasoned
approach to the acquisition of expert opinion for use in PRA work and other public
policy areas. (ERA citation 13:045081) DE88012390/XAB
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Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation Procedure: Product
Chemistry
Perfetti, R. B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287124
Report No.: EPA/540/9-86/143
Jul 88 15p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Detailed, stepwise procedures for the evaluation of product chemistry data are
provided. Topics on product Identity and Composition (Guideline Reference Numbers
61-1,2,3), Analysis and Certification of Product Ingredients (Reference Numbers
62-1,2,3), Physical and Chemical Characteristics (Reference Numbers 63-2 thru
63-21) and Other Requirements (Reference Number 64-1) are explained and
important information to be discussed is identified. Special emphasis is placed on the
evaluation of Topics 61-1,2,3 and 62-1,2,3 to assure that the occurance of any
especially toxic impurities in a product are examined in detail. PB88-243191/XAB
Incorporation of Monte Carlo simulation techniques into the R-RAM II
health risk assessment model
McNally, D.E.: Lowe, J.; Tesche, T.W.
Radian Corp., Sacramento, CA
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting &
Exhibition - APCA '88 8825011 Dallas, TX (USA) 19-24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861,
Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Interfacing biotechnology risk assessment with application to
bioremediation
Pritchard, P.H.
U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency. Gulf Breeze, FL
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer
National Meeting 8830985 Denver, CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345
East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017 (USA). Telephone:
(212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
24
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LAVA (Los Alamos Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Methodology): An
Expert System Framework for Risk Analysis
Smith, S. T.
Los Alamos National Lab., NM.
Corp. Source Codes: 072735000; 9512470
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: LA-UR-88-1385; CONF-880593-1
1988 28p
Languages: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823; NSA1300
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. Federal analysis
workshop, Denver, CO, USA, 24 May 1988.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed an original methodology for
performing risk analyses on subject systems characterized by a general set of asset
categories, a general spectrum of threats, a definable system-specific set of protecting
the assets from the threats, and a general set of outcoming resulting from threats
exploiting weaknesses in the safeguards system. Applications of this methodology can
be tailored to address a wide variety of subject systems' risk analysis requirements.
The.Los Alamos Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Methodology (LAVA) models
complex systems having large amounts of "soft" information about both the subject
system itself and occurrences related to the system. Its structure lends itself well to
automation on a portable computer, making it possible to analyze numerous similar
but geographically separated installations consistently and in as much depth as the
subject system warrants. LAVA is based on hierarchical systems theory, event trees,
fuzzy sets, natural-language processing, decision theory, and utility theory. LAVA's
framework is a hierarchical set of fuzzy event trees relating the results of several
embedded (or sub-) analyses: a vulnerability assessment providing information about
the presence and efficacy of system safeguards, a threat analysis providing information
about static (background) and dynamic (changing) threat components coupled with an
analysis of asset "attractiveness" to the dynamic threat, and a consequence analysis
providing information about the outcome spectrum's severity measures and impact
values. Each sub-analysis can be simplified or made complex, depending on the
sensitivity and relative worth of the subject system. 34 refs., 8 figs. (ERA citation
13:035524) DE88009112/XAB
Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area Habitability Study: User's Guide
to the Soil Assessment for Indicator Chemicals Integrated Data Base
(Final rept)
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
Corp. Source Codes: 092459000;
Sponsor: Horizons System Corp., Herndon, VA.; Environmental Protection Agency, New
York. Region II.
Report No.: EPA/902/4-88/002E
Sep 88 119p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8901
See also PB88-249149. Prepared in cooperation with Horizons System Corp.,
Herndon, VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region II.
25
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NTIS Prices: PC A06/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-01-7251
(NTIS)
Directions are provided for the use of the data collected during the Love Canal
Emergency Declaration Area Soil Assessment for Indicator Chemicals study. The data
are contained in a Statistical Analysis System (SAS) relational data base, comprised of
ten separate SAS data sets. The data base is available from Environmental Protection
Agency Region II. The data base contains data from field, preparation laboratory,
analytical laboratory, and data validation sources. Over 1.8 million cells of data are
contained in the data base. The user's guide gives an overview of the source system, file
contents, and SAS data set structure, describes specific data sets, and discusses the
combining of files. Appendices list the data elements contained in the data base and
provide formulas used in computations. PB89-103709/XAB
Methodology of Comprehensive Probabilistic Safety Analyses for Future
HTR-Concepts. A Status Report. Vol. 1. Event Sequences, System
Reliability, Release Frequencies
Hennings, W.
Kernforschungsanlage Juelich G.m.b.H. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Nukleare
Sicherheitsforschung.
Corp. Source Codes: 056217012; 9200695
Report No.: JUEL-SPEZ-388(V.1)
May 87 40p
Languages: German
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908; NSA1300
In German.
U.S. Sales Only.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: Germany, Federal Republic of
(NTIS)
This series of reports establishes the status of the risk analysis methodology in order
to increase the comparability of the analyses being under way for the HTGR concepts
'HTR-100', 'HTR-500' and 'HTR-Modul1. The volume at hand deals with the subject
'event sequence and reliability analyses'. (ERA citation 13:011455)
DE88751961/XAB
Models of the Interaction of Mortality and the Evolution of Risk Factor
Distribution: A General Stochastic Process Formulation (Journal
Version)
(Journal article)
Manton, K. G. ; Woodbury, M. A. ; Stallard, E.
Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Corp. Source Codes: 008097000
Sponsor: Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.; National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC.
Report No.: EPA/600/J-88/093
C1988 20p
Languages: English
26
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Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
Pub. in Statistics in Medicine, v7 p239-256 1988. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and National Science Foundation,
Washington, DC.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-R-811090
(NTIS)
Generally, analyses of longitudinal studies of chronic disease risks do not directly
model the change with time of risk factor values and the interactions of those changes
with risk levels. Failure to account for such process characteristics can lead to
incorrect inferences about the specific effects of risk factors on mortality, the
inability to accurately forecast the future risk of the cohort, and inaccurate statements
about the effects of specific risk factor interventions on morality. A model is presented
which does describe such a process model, and shows how it can be estimated from
longitudinal studies. The effects of certain risk factor process features on the evolution
of disease risk are illustrated, using data from males in the Framingham,
Massachusetts study. (Copyright (c) John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1988.) PB89-
109250/XAB
Organization of Risk Analysis Codes for Living Evaluations (ORACLE)
Batt, D. L ; MacDonald, P. E. ; Sattison, M. B. ; Vesely, W. E.
EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls.
Corp. Source Codes: 046580000; 9507781
Sponsor: Science Applications International Corp., Columbus, OH.; Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: EGG-M-37186; CONF-870820-12
1987 6p
Languages: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8819; NSA1300
PSA 87: international topical meeting on probabilistic safety assessment and risk
management, Zurich, Switzerland, 31 Aug 1987.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC07-76ID01570
(NTIS)
ORACLE (Organization of Risk Analysis Codes for Living Evaluations) is an integration
concept for using risk-based information in United States Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (USNRC) applications. Portions of ORACLE are being developed at the Idaho
National Laboratory for the USNRC. The ORACLE concept consists of related databases,
software, user interfaces, processes, and quality control checks allowing a wide
variety of regulatory problems and activities to be adressed using current, updated
PRA information. The ORACLE concept provides for smooth transitions between on code
and the next without pre- or post- processing. 3 figs. (ERA citation 13:030296)
DE88007723/XAB
27
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PC simulation for reliability and risk analysis
Sutton, I.
Syst. Reliab. Int., Houston, TX
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer
National Meeting 8830985 Denver, CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street. New
York, NY 10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also
Available Paper No. 57c
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
PRISIM: A Plant Risk Status Information Management System for NRC
Inspectors
Reilly, H. J. ; Glynn, J. C. ; Campbell, D. J.
EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls.
Corp. Source Codes: 046580000; 9507781
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: EGG-M-37386; CONF-870820-13 26
Jun 87 7p
Languages: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823; NSA1300
PSA 87: international topical meeting on probabilistic safety assessment and risk
management, Zurich, Switzerland, 31 Aug 1987.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC07-76ID01570
(NTIS)
The Plant Risk Status Information Management System (PRISIM) is a microcomputer
program that presents results of probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs), and related
information, for use by United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
decisionmakers. Plant-specific PRISIMs have been developed for three nuclear plants
in the United States. The usefulness of PRISIM for these plants is now under
evaluation, and an improved PRISIM is being developed. (ERA citation 13:033635)
DE88007728/XAB
Proposed Test Protocol to Determine Toxicant Leaching into Potable
Water
Rossi, R. ; Turner, C. R. ; Basu, D. K.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Corp. Source Codes: 059452000
Sponsor: Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab.
Report No.: EPA/600/2-88/066
Nov 88 61 p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8905
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction
Engineering Lab.
NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01
28
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Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Research was conducted to develop a general test protocol to identify the possible
deterioration of water quality as a result of leaching of toxicants from
distribution/transmission pipes and tanks during distribution and storage of potable
water. The developed protocol was tested with a representative coating material
normally used for corrosion inhibition of standard steel pipes and tanks and is known
to contain a large number of compounds, some of which are suspected to be
carcinogenic. The leaching apparatus of the test protocol is expected to be applicable in
predicting possible toxicant leaching from other coated and uncoated materials that
come in contact with potable water. PB89-125959/XAB
Quantitative Risk Assessment: Biomedical Ethics Reviews, 1986.
(book reviews)
Goodin, Robert E.
Humana Press
Ethics 98 n4 891 July, 1988
ARTICLE TYPE: review
GRADE: B
GEOGRAPHIC CODE:ZINT
JURISDICTION: international
REVIEWEE: Humber, James; Almeder, Robert F.
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Reanalysis of Zion Risk
Park, C. K. ; Unwin, S. D. ; Cazzoli, E. ; Tingle, A. ; Chun, M.
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Corp. Source Codes: 004545000; 0936000
Sponsor: Korea Advanced Inst. of Science and Technology, Seoul (Republic of Korea).;
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: BNL-NUREG-40831; CONF-8710111-45
Oct 87 7p
Languages: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8821; NSA1300
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. 15. water reactor
safety information meeting, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 26 Oct 1987.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC02-76CH00016
(NTIS)
As part of the NUREG-1150 efforts, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has
undertaken a risk analysis of Zion Unit 1 adopting the methodology developed at Sandia
National Laboratories (SNL) under the Severe Accident Risk Rebaselining Program.
Results of the preliminary version of the analysis are reported here. Completion plans
for the Zion study are described also. (ERA citation 13:033614) DE88007575/XAB
29
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Review of EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Assessment of the
Risks of Stratospheric Modification. Review of the Stratospheric Ozone
Subcommittee of the Science Advisory Board
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EC-87/025
Mar 87 34p Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Subcommittee concluded that EPA's draft document represents an extensive effort
to develop an integrated risk assessment based upon currently available scientific
information to ascertain the potential threat to the stratosphere posed by a continued
growth world-wide of emissions of chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) compounds. The
Subcommittee generally finds that EPA has done a commendable job of assembling the
relevant scientific information in the body of the document. The Subcommittee has
provided many specific recommendations for improving the treatment of particular
scientific issues and characterizing scientific uncertainties which are detailed in the
report. PB88-247226/XAB
Risk assessment: A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic approach
Drawbaugh, R.B.
Armstrong Aerosp. Med. Research, OH, USA
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 8835010 University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington
House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Risk Assessment Models for Land Application of Municipal Sludges
(RAMMS Version 3.0). Volume 1. Draft Complete Documentation of the
System/User Manual
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
Corp. Source Codes: 082583000
Sponsor: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water
Regulations and Standards.
Report No.: EPA/SW/DK-89/016A
1989 104p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908
For system on diskette, see PB89-138739.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water
Regulations and Standards.
NTIS Prices: PC A06/MF A01
Contract No.: EPA-68-03-3453
(NTIS)
30
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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a series of models for
calculating the risks associated with the land application of municipal sludge. These
models were used in the development of the Proposed Technical Sludge Regulation, and
have been collected together in a single, user friendly computer program. The manual
contains a basic description of the risk assessment models, explains how to use the
computer program, and documents the code, input, and output data for the program.
The manual is organized in six chapters. The first chapter is a brief description of the
risk assessment models as they are implemented by the program. The second chapter
explains system requirements and how to install the program on appropriate systems.
The third chapter explains how the program is structured and outlines options that can
be invoked at different stages of execution. The fourth chapter steps through typical
execution of the program, showing input screens and output screens that are
encountered. The fifth chapter is the listing of the program code, and the sixth chapter
is a listing of data files used by the program. PB89-149306/XAB
RISK ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICALS),
LINCOLN DAVID CH2M HILL, WA,
HEMISPHERE PUBLISHING CORP REPORT, 1987, V5, P199(34)
(ENVIROLINE)
BOOK THE SAFETY OF RECOMBINANT DNA, DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS, AND OTHER
ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY HAVE BEEN QUESTIONED. A RISK ASSESSMENT
FRAMEWORK IS APPLIED TO THE CONSEQUENCES OF INADVERTENT AND DELIBERATE
RELEASES OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS. THE FATE OF SUCH
MICROORGANISMS IN THE HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, SURFACE WATER, SOIL,
AND GROUNDWATER IS EXAMINED, AND THE POTENTIAL HUMAN HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW SPECIES
ARE CONSIDERED. DUE TO THE MANY UNCERTAINTIES INHERENT IN SUCH ANALYSES,
FURTHER RELEASE, FATE, AND TRANSPORT ASSESSMENT RESEARCH IS ADVOCATED,
AND COMPONENTS OF A RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ARE SUGGESTED. (5 DIAGRAMS,
1 GRAPH, 66 REFERENCES, 3 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *88-091062
Risk Methodology to Evaluate Sensitivity of Plant Risk to Human Errors
Samanta, P. ; Wong, S. ; Higgins, U. ; Haber, S. ; Luckas, W.
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Corp. Source Codes: 004545000; 0936000
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: BNL-NUREG-41719; CONF-880633-9
1988 11p
Languages: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908; NSA1400
International conference on human factors and power plants, Monterey, CA, USA, 5 Jun
1988.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC02-76CH00016
(NTIS)
31
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This paper presents an evaluation of sensitivity of plant risk parameters, namely the
core melt frequency and the accident sequence frequencies, to the human errors
involved in various aspects of nuclear power plant operations. Results are provided
using the Oconee-3 Probabilistic Risk Assessment model as an example application of
the risk methodology described herein. Sensitivity analyses in probabilistic risk
assessment (PRA) involve three areas: (1) a determination of the set of input
parameters; in this case, various categories of human errors signifying aspects of
plant operation, (2) the range over which the input parameters vary, and (3) an
assessment of the sensitivity of the plant risk parameters to the input parameters
which, in this case, consist of all postulated human errors, or categories of human
errors. The methodology presents a categorization scheme where human errors are
categorized in terms of types of activity, location, personnel involved, etc., to relate
the significance of sensitivity of risk parameters to specific aspects of human
performance in the nuclear plant. Ranges of variability for human errors have been
developed considering the various known causes of uncertainty in human error
probability estimates in PRAs. The sensitivity of the risk parameters are assessed
using the event/fault tree methodology of the PRA. The results of the risk-based
sensitivity evaluation using the Oconee-3 PRA as an example show the quantitative
impact on the plant risk level due to variations in human error probabilities. The
relative effects of various human error categories and human error sorts within the
categories are also presented to identify and characterize significant human errors for
effective risk management in nuclear power plant operational activities. 8 refs., 10
figs., 4 tabs. (ERA citation 14:000632) DE89001273/XAB
Structure-Penetration Relationships in Percutaneous Absorption
Ridout, G.; Guy, R. H.
California Univ., San Francisco.
Corp. Source Codes: 005453000
Sponsor: National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
31 Dec 87 21 p
Journal Announcement: GRAI8906
Sponsored by National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Contract No.: PHS-OH-00017
(NTIS)
An attempt was made to predict the kinetics and extent of percutaneous penetration of
the skin by a chemical from the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of
the chemical. If this is possible, then one should be able to determine the risk of
toxicity arising from dermal exposure to pesticide formulations. Penetration data were
gathered for a series of barbiturates, nicotinates, phenols, steroids, and a selection of
other compounds. For these experiments excised skin and artificial membranes were
used. Particular attention was given to the utility of various organic aqueous partition
coefficients as rank order indicators of transdermal flux and on the predictability of
the different model systems investigated. In most cases membrane permeability
increased with increasing organic aqueous partition coefficients. The researchers
conclude that for a structurally related series of chemicals, measurement of a simple
lipid water partition coefficient and selected permeabilities through a model
membrane composed of the lipid can accurately predict rank order transport rates
across the skin. This approach should allow one to select a chemical which
demonstrates high potency for its proposed utilization as a pesticide but presents a low
risk with respect to worker toxicity resulting from dermal exposure. PB89-
130033/XAB
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Techniques for Assessing Industrial Hazards: A Manual
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC.
Corp. Source Codes: 063877000:
Sponsor: Technica Ltd., London (England).
Report No.: WORLD BANK TP-55; ISBN-0-8213-0779-7
C1988 171p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8821
Library of Congress catalog card no. 86-11135. Prepared in cooperation with
Technica Ltd., London (England).
Microfiche copies only. Paper copy available from World Bank, 1818 H St. NW.,
Washington, DC. 20433.
NTIS Prices: MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The manual provides guidelines for the identification of the potential hazards of new or
existing plants or processes in the chemical and energy industries, and for the
assessment of the consequences of the release of toxic, flammable or explosive
materials to the atmosphere. It presents a structured, simplified approach for
identifying the most serious potential hazards and for calculating their effect distances
or damage ranges. It is the intention that by presenting a simplified approach, the
manual should be amenable to use by engineers and scientists with little or no
experience of hazard analysis. Further analysis with a view to mitigation of the
hazards identified may be appropriate in many cases: at this stage it may be necessary
to seek the advice of a specialist. The basic procedure in a hazard analysis is: identify
potential failures, calculate release quantities for each failure, and calculate the
impact of each release on people and property. For large plants this can become highly
complex, and therefore a simplified method is presented, in which the analysis has
been divided into 14 steps. A spreadsheet technique has been devised to permit the
analyses to be carried out on a programmable calculator or personal computer. After
the introductory material, the manual outlines the 14 steps which make up the hazard
analysis. PB88-231220/XAB
Theory of Possibility and Fuzzy Sets: New Ideas for Risk Analysis and
Decision Making
Andersson, L.
Swedish Council for Building Research, Stockholm.
Corp. Source Codes: 060307000;
Sponsor: Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm (Sweden).
Report No.: D8:1988; ISBN-91-540-4865-6
C1988 164p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
Prepared in cooperation with Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm (Sweden).
NTIS Prices: PC E07/MF A01
Country of Publication: Sweden
(NTIS)
Risk analysis and decision making methods are as yet relatively unknown concepts in
the construction industry. As time goes on, construction projects become increasingly
complex and in most cases they have a number of different parties involved. This is
accompanied by tight time schedules and rigid overall cost limits. In view of this and
33
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the continual growth in technical complexity, increasing attention must be given to a
quality and safety approach. The report mainly concentrates on the role of the
consultant in the design of construction schemes or, to an even greater degree, on the
analytical process in design. The report concentrates on methods based on the theory of
fuzzy sets. The theory which was proposed in the middle of the sixties may be seen as
an alternative to the theory of probability, particularly as regards the 'subjective1
theory of probability. PB89-110928/XAB
Use of Genetic Activity Profiles in Hazard Evaluation
Waters, M. D. ; Stack, H. F. ; Brady,
A. L. Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Corp. Source Codes: 048097000;
Sponsor: Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Report No.: EPA/600/0-88/246
Nov 88 23p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8905
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
A methodology has been developed to display and evaluate multiple test quantitative
information on genetic toxicants for purposes of hazard/risk assessment. Dose
information is collected from the open literature: either the lowest effective dose or
the highest ineffective dose tested is recorded for each agent and bioassay system. For
each agent in the data base, the quantitative results from genetic and related test
systems are represented by computer-generated bar graphs 'genetic activity profiles.'
Bioassay systems are organized according to classes of genetic activity and subdivided
by the phylogenetic level of the test organism. Genetic activity profiles were prepared
187 chemicals, e.9.. dibromochloropropane, for the use of the International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC) Working Group. PB89-129415/XAB
User-friendly interface for the air emission risk assessment model
(AERAM)
Gratt, L.B.
IWG Corp., 1940 Fifth Ave., Suite 200, San Diego, CA
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting &
Exhibition - APCA '88 8825011 Dallas, TX (USA) 19-24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861,
Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
34
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Utilization of human factors in risk assessment
Slater, D.
Tech., Columbus, OH
1988 Hazardous Material Spills Conference 8825005 Chicago,
IL (USA) 16-19 May 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AlChE); National
Response Team
Publication Sales, AlChE, 345 East 47th Street. New York, NY 10017 (USA).
Telephone (212) 705-7657, Proceedings available; pre-publication price is $60.00
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
HEALTH RISKS
GENERAL
Acid Air and Aerobiology Related to the Maturing Human Lung
Montonen, T. B. ; Graham, R. C. ; Hofmann, W. ; Eisner, A.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Corp. Source Codes: 058582000;
Sponsor: Duke Univ., Durham, NC.; Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/223
Oct 88 30p
Languages: English Journal Announcement: GRAI8904
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-02-4450
(NTIS)
The effect of 'acid air' on human health was studied by considering the effects of
hygroscopicity upon aerosol deposition in the lung as a function of human subject age.
Children are a critical sub-population to be incorporated into health effects analyses
following ambient exposures. Sulfate particles are products of the combustion of fossil
fuels, are consequences of basic personal needs and industrial uses, and are prevalent
in the atmosphere. Experimental hygroscopic growth information is introduced into a
validated mathematical model describing aerosol deposition in the human lung. The
results are intended for hazard evaluations pertinent to humans subsequent to
exposures to pollutant atmospheres. The influences of hygroscopic growth, taking place
when inhaled particles enter the warm, moist human respiratory tract, are
significant; and should not be ignored in considerations of threat-to-human-health.
The findings can be directed into aerosol therapy functions also, leading to more
efficient administrations of drugs via the inhalation route. Therefore, the findings,
considering age-dependency, are of potential application to pediatric medicine. PB89-
118533/XAB
35
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Assessing and Managing Health and Environmental Risks from Energy and
Other Complex Industrial Systems. Proceedings of a Workshop Held in
Paris, 13-17 October 1986
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria).
Corp. Source Codes: 014014000; 3294000
Sponsor: United Nations Environmental Programme.; World Health Organization,
Geneva (Switzerland).
Report No.: IAEA-TECDOC-453; CONF-861085
Mar 88 444p
Languages: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908
Assessing and managing health and environmental risks from energy and other complex
industrial systems, Paris, France, 13 Oct 1986.
U.S. Sales Only.
NTIS Prices: PC A19/MF A01
Country of Publication: Other
(NTIS)
There is a growing awareness that it is necessary to identify, assess, and manage the
risks of energy and other complex industrial activities in order to minimize their
potential to harm public health and the environment. Therefore, quantitative risk
analysis with emphasis on risk management has become an important aspect in high
level decision making for regulation in developed and developing countries. The
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the United Nations Environment Program
(UNEP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have initiated a project to promote
the use of risk assessment and risk management in environmental health and safety
decision making throughout the world. A meeting was held in Paris, France on October
13-17, 1986. The purpose of the meeting was to: a) Discuss the state of the art of
national and international experience in conducting case studies in the field of
assessing and managing industrial risks from energy and other complex industrial
systems either at the plant level or in highly industrialized areas within a country; b)
Present and discuss planned regional risk management case studies within a country or
international research projects on risk management to be implemented in the future;
and c) Review the Project Document on "Assessing, Controlling, and Managing Health
and Environmental Risks from Energy and Other Complex Industrial Systems". The full
texts, together with abstracts, of the papers given at the meeting are presented. The
summary reviews briefly some of the major points that arose in papers or in the
ensuing discussions. Where a consensus view resulted, conclusions were drawn. Major
differences of opinion are also noted. (Atomindex citation 19:083260)
DE88703967/XAB
Biological age as a measure of risk.
Hochschild, Richard
Journal of the American Society of CLU & ChFC 42 n5 60(7)
Sept, 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
CAPTIONS: Companies that made employees available for testing.; Aging rate vs.
cigarettes smoked per day (packs.); Aging rate vs. high fat foods per day (servings.);
Aging rate vs. red meat - fish & fowl diets. Intensity of exercise.; Aging rate vs. state
life expectancy at birth.; Aging rate vs. combined mortality risk.
(LEGAL RESOURCES INDEX)
36
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Contribution of epidemiology to risk assessment
Doll, R.
Radcliffe Infirm., Oxford, UK
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in Environment 8835010
University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington
House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINANTS,
KOLLER LOREN D. OREGON STATE UNIV
UNIV OF MISSOURI/ET AL TRACE SUBSTANCES IN ENV HEALTH 21ST
CONF, ST LOUIS, MAY 25-28, 87, P247(6)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER THE IMMUNE SYSTEM CAN SERVE AS A SENSITIVE TARGET ORGAN FOR A
VARIETY OF XENOBIOTICS. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT SOME DRINKING WATER
DISINFECTANTS AND DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS ARE POTENTIALLY IMMUNOTOXIC.
CHLORINE IN POTABLE WATER CAN SUPPRESS MACROPHAGE ACTIVITY, WHILE 2,4-
DICHLOROPHENOL ALTERS HUMORAL AND CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY BUT DOES NOT
AFFECT MACROPHAGE FUNCTION; NEITHER 2-CHLOROPHENOL NOR 2,4,6-
TRICHLOROPHENOL SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTS THE IMMUNE RESPONSE.
TRICHLOROACETIC ACID HAS TUMOR PROMOTING PROPERTIES BUT DOES NOT APPEAR
TO ALTER SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSES. (34 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE) Enviroline
Number: *88-091091
Improving the Use of Epidemiologic Data in Health Risk Assessment
(Journal article)
Erdreich, L. S. ; Burnett, C.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Corp. Source Codes: 034122077;
Sponsor: National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Report No.: EPA/600/J-85/528
C1985 19p
Languages: English
Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8820
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v1 n4 p65-81 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health,
Cincinnati, OH.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Epidemiolic data with quantitative exposure measures is infrequently available for
specific environmental agents. The paper discusses screening and evaluating
epidemiologic studies for use in assessing health risk. The approach recognizes that the
various designs used to increase statistical power and to control for covariables have
37
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different functions in contemporary risk assessment as practiced by regulatory
agencies. Each of these study designs is categorized for its role in risk analysis as
useful for hazard identification or for dose-response assessment. The numerical level
of the exposure data is a deciding factor in using valid epidemiologic studies. However,
data measured on an ordinal scale can be used in qualitative assessments and can
demonstrate the strength of the relationship. The application of the procedure is
illustrated using epidemiologic studies on the carcinogenicity of chemicals
contaminated with dioxins. PB88-223292/XAB
ISSUES IN QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS FOR
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY,
KIMMEL CAROLE A. (EPA) AND ; GAYLOR DAVID W. (FDA),
RISK ANALYSIS, 1988, V8, N1, P15(6)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT ATTEMPTS TO ESTIMATE
HUMAN RISK FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY AS A FUNCTION OF DOSE. THE CURRENT
APPROACH IS TO APPLY SAFETY FACTORS TO THE NO-OBSERVED-EFFECT LEVEL. AN
ALTERNATIVE PRESENTED HERE IS TO MODEL THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND APPLY A
SAFETY FACTOR TO AN ESTIMATED RISK LEVEL TO ACHIEVE AN "ACCEPTABLE" LEVEL
OF RISK. IN CASES WHERE THE DOSE RESPONSE CURVES UPWARD, THIS APPROACH
PROVIDES A CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE OF RISK. THIS PROCEDURE DOES NOT PRECLUDE
THE EXISTENCE OF A THRESHOLD DOSE. (2 GRAPHS, 21 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE)
Enviroline Number: 88-081058
Lymphocytes mutagenesis as a tool for risk assessment in humans
exposed to antineoplastic agents in the workplace
Zazi, W.; Vincent, D.; Baron, C.; Dubeau, H.
Univ. Quebec, Montreal, Que. H3C 3P8, Canada
4th International Congress of Cell Biology 8830041 Montreal
(Canada) 14-19 Aug 1988
Canadian Society for Cell Biology (CSCB); International Federation for Cell Biology
(IFCB); National Research Council of Canada; et. al
Publication, Sales and Distribution, National Research
Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A OR6, ISBN No.
0-660-54182-3. Price: $25.00 Poster Paper
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Prospective Epidemiological Study of Health Risks Associated with
Wastewater Utilization in Agriculture (Journal Version)
(Journal article)
Fattal, B. ; Yekutiel, P. ; Wax, Y. ; Shuval, H. I.
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel).
Corp. Source Codes: 063220000
Sponsor: Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Report No.: EPA/600/J-86/477
C1987 12p
Languages: English
Document Type: Journal article
38
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Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
Pub. in Water Science and Technology, v18 n10 p199-209 Oct 86. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
NTIS Prices: Not available
NTIS Country of Publication: Israel
Contract No.: EPA-R-806416
(NTIS)
A prospective epidemiological morbidity and serology study was carried out in Israel
in 1980/82 on the association between enteric disease incidence and wastewater
utilization in 29 kibbutzim. Analysis of morbidity data indicate that no significant
excess of enteric disease episode rates was found in any age group, or in any
occupational group, in kibbutzim exposed to wastewater aerosols, versus kibbutzim
using wastewater. Results of viral antibodies in blood sera of a subsample of the
population generally confirmed the findings of the morbidity study. Of 8
enterovirsuses tested no excess in antibody level was found in the population, exposed
to aerosolized wastewater versus the control kibbutzim. No differences were found
between wastewater-contact and clean water-contact workers. In field studies,
aerosolized enteric bacteria and viruses of wastewater origin were detected in air
samples as far as 730 m downwind of wastewater sprinkler irrigated plots.
(Copyright (c) IAWPRC 1987.) PB89-106868
Toxicity of Selected Contaminants: Chapter 9 of 'Drinking Water and
Health. Volume 61
Thomas, R. D.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Safe Drinking Water Committee.
Corp. Source Codes: 019026217
Sponsor: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1985 168p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8820
See also PB82-249244. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.
NTIS Prices: PC A08/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-01-3169
(NTIS)
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (PL 93-523) authorized EPA to seek the
expertise of a National Research Council committee to identify the health effects
associated with specified contaminants, areas of insufficient knowledge, and
recommendations for future research. The most recent Safe Drinking Water Committee
prepared the sixth volume in the series, which contains the results of a two-part
study conducted at the request of EPA. In the first part, the committee examined
current practices in risk assessment and identified likely areas of innovation in the
assessment of noncancer toxic responses and in the use of toxickinetic data to estimate
delivered dose and response. The second part consisted of a review of the literature on
compounds of interest to EPA and the research community and the calculation of risk
assessments for those compounds. PB88-223904/XAB
39
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CANCER . . . includes carcinogens, carcinogenesis,
carcinogenicity, genetics, epidemiology , and multi-media
exposure
ACETYLATION PHARMACOGENETICS: ACETYLATOR PHENOTYPE
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ARYLAMINE CARCINOGENESIS (CARCINOGEN RISK
ASSESSMENT: NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE
ASPECTS),
WEBER WENDELL W. UNIV OF MICHIGAN.; MATTANO SUSAN S.; LEVY
GERALD N.
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB BANBURY REPORT 31, 1988, P81 (12)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER THERE EXISTS A STATISTICAL RELATION BETWEEN ACETYLATION RATE
PHENOTYPE AND TYPE OF ACRYLAMIDE-INDUCED CANCER. SLOW ACETYLATOR
PHENOTYPE LEADS TO URINARY BLADDER CANCER, WHILE IN WOMEN, RAPID
PHENOTYPE LEADS TO COLORECTAL CANCER AND BREAST CANCER. THREE ACETYLATION
ACTIVITIES HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN THE METABOLISM OF ACRYLAMINES
TO CARCINOGENS; ALL THREE ACTIVITIES ARE IDENTIFIED WITH A SINGLE
HOMOGENEOUS 31.5 KD PROTEIN. THE MECHANISM OF THE CARCINOGENICITY OF
ACRYLAMIDE IS LIKELY DUE TD DNA DAMAGE; HPLC HAS BEEN ADAPTED TO ALLOW
THE STUDY OF ANY COVALENT ADDUCTS FORMED BETWEEN THE DNA NUCLEOTIDES
AND EITHER ACRYLAMIDE DR A METABOLIZED ACRYLAMIDE PRODUCT. (1 DIAGRAM, 1
GRAPH, 34 REFERENCES, 2 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *89-000568
ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENICITY: GENERIC ISSUES AND THEIR
APPLICATION TO DIESEL EXHAUST (AIR POLLUTION, THE AUTOMOBILE,
AND PUBLIC HEALTH),
KAUFMAN DAVID G. UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA,
HEALTH EFFECTS INST REPORT, 1988, P519(35)
(ENVIROLINE)
ASSN REPORT THE EVIDENCE ON THE CARCINOGENICITY OF DIESEL
ENGINE EXHAUSTS AND THE METHODS USED TO MAKE QUANTITATIVE RISK ESTIMATES
FROM THESE DATA ARE EVALUATED. SPECIFIC EVIDENCE CONCERNING
CARCINOGENESIS OF DIESEL EXHAUST IN EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS IS REVIEWED,
HIGHLIGHTING THE GENETIC EFFECTS OF CARCINOGEN DAMAGE TO DNA. PRIORITIES
FOR FUTURE RESEARCH IN THIS FIELD ARE DELINEATED. THE ROLE OF PROMOTERS
AND ENHANCERS IN HUMAN CARCINOGENESIS SHOULD BE DETERMINED, AND METHODS
SHOULD BE DEVELOPED TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS AT HIGH RISK.CRITICAL DATA MUST
BE GATHERED FOR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT, AND ACCEPTABLE METHODS MUST BE
DEVISED FOR DOSIMETRY IN HUMANS. (99 REFERENCES, 6 TABLES) Enviroline
Number: 88-081135
40
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BM and LDH in the risk assessment of extranodal (EN) disease in
intermediate grade lymphoma (IGL)
Swan, F.; Redman, 0.; Rodriguez, M.; Hagemeister. F.;
Velasquez, W.; Mclaughlin, P.
24th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical
Oncology; 79th Annual Meeting of the American Association for
Cancer Research 8825009 New Orleans, LA (USA) 22-28 May 1988
American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO); American Association for Cancer
Research (AACR); William Guy Forbeck Research Foundation; Imerg, Inc., Indiana
Division of the
American Cancer Society; et al.
ASCO, 435 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 1717, Chicago, IL
60611 (USA). AACR, Temple University Medical School.
Philadelphia, PA 19140 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Carcinogenic risk assessment using animal data: The importance of
mechanistic studies
Purchase, I.F.H.
ICI, Macclesfield, UK
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 8835010 University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington
House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Carcinogenity Evaluation of Chemical Substances 2 (Beoordeling van de
Carcinogeniteit van Chemische Stoffen 2)
Gezondheidsraad, The Hague (Netherlands).
Corp. Source Codes: 078090000
2 Mar 88 102p
Languages: Dutch
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
Text in Dutch; summary in English.
NTIS Prices: PC E05/MF A01
Country of Publication: Netherlands
(NTIS)
The 1978 report of the Health Council on 'the carcinogenicity of chemical substances'
is critiqued and recommendations are made. The classification of substances into
categories I and II (those that do and do not initiate irreversible effects) approved. The
uses of short-term tests (DNA interaction tests), long-term animal experiments, and
human epidemiological data in risk assessment of potential carcinogens are discussed.
PB88-244124/XAB
41
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Environmental Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis
Notani, N. K. Chauhan, P. 5.
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay (India).
Corp. Source Codes: 004104000
1986 215p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8903
NTIS Prices: PC E08/MF A01
Country of Publication: India
(NTIS)
A special publication presents a collection of 18 research papers and research
overviews concerning recent findings in environmental causes of mutagenesis and
carcinogenesis transportations at the biological cellular and pathological tissue levels.
Topics include experiments in genetic toxicology, in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity,
mutations induced by chemical and radiation, methodology for assessing DNA mutations
and their repair, case studies, risk assessment, and cancer prevention. Experimental
data and graphs are included, and literature citations are appended to each paper.
PB89-116339/XAB
An epidemiological approach for the risk assessment of chemicals
causing human cancer and other disorders
Li, S.
CAPM, People's Rep. China
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in Environment 8835010
University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington
House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
HUMAN CARCINOGENS AND DNA MODIFICATION: THE FIRST STEP IN RISK
ASSESSMENT (CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT: NEW DIRECTIONS IN
THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS),
SINGER B. UNIV OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY,
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB BANBURY REPORT 31, 1988, P123(16)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER WHILE ON THE CELLULAR LEVEL, SEVERAL PATHWAYS CAN LEAD TO
CANCER; ONE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE NUCLEAR COMPONENT IS DNA. THERE IS
MUCH EVIDENCE CONCERNING THE PRODUCTS, REPAIR ENZYMES AND EFFECTS OF
ADDUCTS ON DNA STRUCTURE FOLLOWING THE METABOLISM OF N-NITROSAMINES
AND N-NITROSUREA. IT IS CLEAR FROM THESE STUDIES THAT WHILE THE ALKYLATION
REACTION OF THESE COMPOUNDS WITH DNA IS PREDICTABLE, REPAIR PROCESSES
WHICH ARE UNIQUE E TO CELL TYPE AND ADDUCT MAKE PREDICTION OF THE
CARCINOGENESIS MECHANISM DIFFICULT. IN CONTRAST TO THESE CHEMICALS, OTHER
CARCINOGENS-ASBESTOS AND ETHANOL-DO NOT FORM COVALENT BONDS TO DNA.
CLEARLY NO SINGLE ADDUCT DR PRODUCT CAN BE USED AS AN INDICATOR OF CANCER
RISK OR EXPOSURE. (6 DIAGRAMS, 55 REFERENCES) Enviroline Number: *89-
000567
42
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IS IT POSSIBLE TO PREDICT THE CARCINOGENIC POTENCY OF A CHEMICAL
IN HUMANS USING ANIMAL DATA? (CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT:
NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS),
ALLEN BRUCE CLEMENT ASSOC, LA,; CRUMP KENNY ; SHIPP ANNETTE
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB BANBURY REPORT 31, 1988, P197(13)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER BASED UPON ESTIMATES OF TRANSFORMING DOSES (TD25),
COMPARISONS ARE MADE OF CARCINOGENIC POTENCY IN ANIMALS AND IN HUMANS
FOR 23 CHEMICALS. THESE COMPARISONS WERE MADE IN AN EFFORT TO ASSESS THE
RELIABILITY OF ANIMAL DATA IN PREDICTING HUMAN DISEASE RISK. THE TD25
VALUES OBTAINED ARE FOUND TD BE STRONGLY CORRELATED. THESE STUDIES ARE
IMPORTANT SINCE HUMAN AND ANIMAL RESPONSES TO CARCINOGENS TEND TD BE
DIFFERENT; FOR EXAMPLE, A HUMAN CARCINOGENIC RESPONSE GENERALLY INVOLVES
A MALIGNANT TUMOR, WHILE AN ANIMAL RESPONSE COULD BE EITHER A BENIGN OR
MALIGNANT TUMOR. APPROACHES IN WHICH ANIMAL DATA WERE FOUND TO BEST
PREDICT HUMAN DATA UTILIZE ANIMAL DATA FROM SEVERAL ROUTES OF EXPOSURE.
(2 GRAPHS, 4 REFERENCES, 3 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *89-000573
MOLECULAR DOSIMETRY DATA IN HUMANS: IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK
ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH (CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT: NEW
DIRECTIONS IN THE QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS),
PERERA FREDERICA COLUMBIA UNIV,
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB BANBURY REPORT 31, 1988, P307(7)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS STANDS TD BE
SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVED BY HUMAN MOLECULAR DOSIMETRY DATA. DESPITE THE
MANY BIOLOGICAL "MARKERS" WHICH DELINEATE HUMAN RISK-CARCINOGEN-DNA
AND CARCINOGEN-PROTEIN ADDUCTS AND SOMATIC CELL MUTATION, FOR EXAMPLE-
NO PARALLEL HUMAN-LABORATORY ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE EXPLOITED THE
POTENTIAL OF THIS DOSIMETRY DATA. THIS DATA COULD ENHANCE CANCER RISK
ASSESSMENT IN SEVERAL WAYS; TIMELY IDENTIFICATION OF CARCINOGENIC HAZARDS;
ESTABLISHMENT OF CAUSAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PARTICULAR EXPOSURES AND
CANCER BY CLASSIFICATION OF STUDY SUBJECTS ACCORDING TO THEIR BIOLOGICALLY
EFFECTIVE DOSE; AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUANTITATIVE RISK EXTRAPOLATION
BETWEEN RODENTS AND A HUMAN POPULATION EXPOSED TO LOWER LEVELS OF THE
SAME CHEMICAL. (17 REFERENCES) Enviroline Number: *89-000570
NONGENOTOXIC MECHANISMS IN CARCINOGENESIS: ROLE OF INHIBITED
INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION (CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT:
NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS),
TROSKO JAMES E. AND ; CHANG CHIA-CHENG MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB BANBURY REPORT 31, 1988, P139(32)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER CARCINOGENESIS IS A COMPLICATED PROCESS INVOLVING SEVERAL
MECHANISMS; INHIBITED INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION HAS BEEN POSTULATED
TD PLAY A ROLE IN TUMOR PROMOTION AND PROGRESSION. THE PROMOTION PHASE OF
CARCINOGENESIS SEEMS TO BE A MITOGENIC (I.E., CELL DIVISIONAL) RATHER THAN A
MUTAGENIC PROCESS. WHILE ALTERATION OF GENE EXPRESSION DOES NOT
NECESSARILY KILL CELLS OR INDUCE MUTATIONS, GAP JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR
43
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COMMUNICATION (GJICP) IS A FUNDAMENTAL PROCESS NECESSARY FOR CELL
GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION. SEVERAL OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THE ROLE OF
THESE GAP JUNCTIONS IN THE CARCINOGENIC PROCESS; CANCER HAS BEEN
CHARACTERIZED AS A DISEASE OF DIFFERENTIATION OR A DISEASE OF DYSFUNCTIONAL
GROWTH CONTROL-BOTH OF THESE DISEASES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DYSFUNCTIONAL
GJIC. (1 DIAGRAM, 89 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE) Enviroline Number: *89-000575
PERSPECTIVE ON RISK ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENS (CARCINOGEN RISK
ASSESSMENT: NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE
ASPECTS),
ANDERSON ELIZABETH L CLEMENT ASSOC, VA,
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB BANBURY REPORT 31, 1988, P281(14)
{ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER THE EPA HAS DEPARTED FROM THE BROAD PRACTICE OF USING RISK-
ASSESSMENT APPROACHES FOR EVALUATION OF HUMAN CARCINOGENS; THE AGENCY
HAS ADOPTED GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING CARCINOGEN RISK AND A RISK
MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO REGULATE SUSPECT CARCINOGENS. IN RISK ASSESSMENT,
FOCUS HAS CENTERED ON THE WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE INDICATING LIKELY
CARCINOGENICITY, THE DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL
EXPOSURES.EVEN MORE ATTENTION, HOWEVER, HAS CENTERED ON THE
CHARACTERIZATION OF SUSPECT CARCINOGENS AND THEIR DOSE-RESPONSE
RELATIONSHIPS. INCREASINGLY, THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS WILL CONSIDER
MECHANISMS OF CARCINOGENESIS. (1 GRAPH, 28 REFERENCES, 2 TABLES)
Enviroline Number: '89-000574
Physical Factors Affecting Lung Deposition of Cigarette Smoke (with
Syncarcinogenic Radon Progeny Effects), and Mineral Fiber
Particulate Matter
Martonen, T. B. ; Hofmann, W. ; Balashazy, I.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Corp. Source Codes: 054518000
Sponsor: Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/266
Nov 88 43p
Languages: English Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8906
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-02-4450
(NTIS)
Unusual dynamic factors affecting the behavior and fate of inhaled cigarette-smoke
particles and mineral fibers within the human lung are addressed. The actions of
interception, for fiber particles, and cloud-settling, for concentrated cigarette smoke,
can enhance focal deposition in locations that would not have been anticipated for dilute
aerosols or for more regularly shaped, sphere-like particles. It is important to
quantitate the efficiencies of these deposition mechanisms because it is after deposition
that deleterious biological effects can occur. Theoretical deposition models are
presented that simulate the actions of the interception and cloud-settling processes,
44
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which are validated by comparisons with in vitro and in vivo data. The sites of
preferential deposition are regions whose cells receive increased doses of hazardous
substances associated with smokes and fibers. They must, therefore, be considered in
risk assessment analyses of human inhalation exposures to airborne toxicants.
Incorporation of these mechanisms in aerosol therapy protocols could conceivably lead
to improved therapeutic procedures. PB89-130454/XAB
QUALITATIVE FACTORS IN CARCINOGEN CLASSIFICATION (CARCINOGEN
RISK ASSESSMENT: NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE QUALITATIVE &
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS),
MUNRO IAN C. CANADIAN CENTRE FOR TOXICOLOGY, CANADA,
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB BANBURY REPORT 31, 1988 (19)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER TESTING OF CARCINOGENS IN ANIMALS TO PREDICT HUMAN
CARCINOGENESIS IS WIDELY ACCEPTED BY REGULATORY AGENCIES. MOST HEALTH
AUTHORITIES FAVOR THE HIGH-DOSE TESTING CONCEPT SINCE IT IS CONSIDERED TO
MAXIMIZE THE POTENTIAL FOR DETECTING CARCINOGENS IN THE USUAL GROUP SIZES
USED IN THE STANDARD CARCINOGEN BIOASSAY. HOWEVER, THE USE OF HIGH DOSE
LEVELS IS CONTROVERSIAL BECAUSE THE USE MAY PRODUCE A HIGHLY ARTIFICIAL
SITUATION OF QUESTIONABLE RELEVANCE TO THE HUMAN POPULATION. THIS
CONTROVERSY IS EXAMINED IN LIGHT OF CONTEMPORARY PROGRAMS DESIGNED TD
REGULATE CARCINOGENS. CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING THE WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE FOR
CARCINOGENICITYARE PROPOSED; THIS ASSESSMENT REQUIRES EVALUATION OF ALL
DATA BEARING ON THE QUESTION OF CARCINOGENESIS. (40 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE)
Enviroline Number: *89-000572
QUANTITATIVE DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS FOR TUMOR PROMOTING AGENTS
(CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT: NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE
QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS),
THORSLUND TODD AND ; CHARNLEY GAIL CLEMENT ASSOC, VA,
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB BANBURY REPORT 31, 1988, P245(11)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER A CARCINOGENESIS MODEL IS PROPOSED FOR THE ACTION OF TWO TUMOR
PROMOTING AGENTS-2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORO-DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AND CHLORDANE-
WHICH INCORPORATES BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION. THIS TYPE OF MODEL ALLOWS
LOW-DOSE ESTIMATES OF RISK THAT ARE MORE DEFENSIBLE BIOLOGICALLY THAN
THOSE OBTAINED WITH THE LINEARIZED MULTISTAGE MODEL. PREDICTED TUMOR
RATES FIT OBSERVED BIOASSAY RATES EXTREMELY WELL. THESE MODELS HAVE
IMMENSE FLEXIBILITY AND CAN BE USED TO PREDICT BIOASSAY RESULTS IN OTHER
EXPERIMENTS SIMPLY BY ADJUSTING FOR DIFFERENCES IN BACKGROUND TUMOR
RATES. (10 REFERENCES, 8 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *89-000571
QUANTITATIVE FACTORS IN CARCINOGENIC RISK ASSESSMENT
(CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT: NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE
QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS),
KREWSKI DANIEL (HEALTH AND WELFARE CANADA) AND : MURDOCH
DUNCAN (CARLETON UNIV, CANADA),
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB BANBURY REPORT 31, 1988, P257(17)
(ENVIROLINE)
45
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CONF PAPER BIOLOGICALLY MOTIVATED MODELS FOR CARCINOGENESIS ARE REVIEWED
WITH MODEL-FREE APPROACHES TO LOW-DOSE RISK ASSESSMENT. LOW-DOSE
LINEARITY MAY BE REASONABLY ASSUMED IN SOME CASES AND WILL PROVIDE AN
UPPER-BOUND IN CASES WHERE SUBLINEARITY OCCURS. THE TWO-STAGE BIRTH-
DEATH-MUTATION MODEL OF MOOLGAVKAR-VENZON-KNUDSON (M-V-K)
ACCOMMODATES MANY IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF CARCINOGENSIS AND PROVIDES A
MORE BIOLOGICALLY MOTIVATED APPROACH TO CANCER MODELING THAN THE
CLASSICAL MULTISTAGE MODEL INITIATION CORRESPONDS TO THE OCCURRENCE OF
THE FIRST MUTATION, WITH PROGRESSION TO MALIGNANCY FOLLOWING A SECOND
MUTATION. PROMOTION INVOLVES INCREASING THE INITIATED CELL POPULATION
THROUGH CLONAL EXPANSION. (4 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH, 40 REFERENCES) Enviroline
Number: *89-000576
Review of EPA's- (Environmental Protection Agency's) Draft Kanawha
Valley Toxics Screening Study
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EC-87/031
27 May 87 13p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Subcommittee unanimously concluded that the Kanawha Valley study represented
an important component of EPA's overall effort to develop methodological to define
public health and environmental priorities. Studies such as this provide (1) valuable
technical challenges and experiences to EPA staff, particularly to regional offices; and
(2) provide a valuable means for developing closer working relationships with state
and local officials and the general public. In general, the Subcommittee viewed the
Draft Kanawha Valley Toxics Screening Study as one step of a continuing process to
assess risks. The current study addresses chronic health exposure to carcinogens
which represent one of many public health concerns in the Valley. PB88-
244389,'XAB
Review of ORD's (Office of Research and Development's) Integrated Air
Cancer Project
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science
Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EC-87/023
25 Feb 87 19p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
46
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The Agency has addressed the carcinogenic potency of mixtures of materials in the
ambient air which is a critical step towards characterizing the exposure of humans to
a complex environment. The Integrated Air Cancer Project was found to be
scientifically well-founded. The project represents a logical and appropriately
innovative approach
that can achieve its long-range goals of addressing these complex environmental health
issues. In addition, the project effectively exploits some of the research tools and
results
developed in the past decade and presents an example of effective multi-laboratory
research management within the Agency. PB88-242847/XAB
Risk assessment techniques for carcinogenic compounds
Batt, S.; Peterson, P.B.
King's Coll., London, UK
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in Environment 8835010
University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington
House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONS AMONG NITROGEN-CONTAINING
ALKYLATING CARCINOGENS (CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT: NEW
DIRECTIONS IN THE QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS),
LIJINSKY WILLIAM NCI-FREDERICK CANCER RESEARCH FACILITY, MD,
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB BANBURY REPORT 31, 1988, P15(19)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER THE CARCINOGENICITY OF MANY N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS AND RELATED
NITROGEN-CONTAINING ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS MAY BE RELATED TO THEIR ABILITY
TO ALKYLATE DNA AND OTHER CELLULAR MACROMOLECULES. TUMORS INDUCED BY
THESE AGENTS ARE DEPENDENT DN THE TYPE OF COMPOUND AS WELL AS THE TYPE OF
ALKYLATION (I.E., METHLYATION, ETHYLATION, ETC.) AND THE DOSE RATE. TABLES
DETAIL THE TYPES OF TUMORS INDUCED-LUNG, NERVOUS SYSTEM, FORESTOMACH,
INTESTINE, MESOTHELIOMA, OR ZYMBAL GLAND-AS A FUNCTION OF TYPE OF
ALKYLATION AND DOSE RATE. OF THESE TUMOR TYPES, IN MALE RATS METHYLATION
CAUSES TUMORS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, FORESTOMACH AND MESOTHELIOMA,
WHILE IN FEMALE RATS METHYLATION CAUSES TUMORS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
FORESTOMACH. (13 REFERENCES, 8 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *89-000569
THE SWEDISH STUDIES OF PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AND CANCER: A CASE
STUDY OF DISCIPLINARY AND MANDATED SCIENCE,
LEVY EDWIN UNIV OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA,
ALTERNATIVES, APR-MAY 88, V15, N2, P48(17)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THREE RESEARCHERS IN SWEDEN EMBARKED DN A SERIES OF
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER THERE IS AN ASSOCIATION
BETWEEN PHENOXY HERBICIDES OR CHLOROPHENOLS AND SEVERAL KINDS OF
CANCERS. THEIR CONCLUSION WAS THAT THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT RELATIVE RISK OF
47
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SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA, HODGKIN'S DISEASE, AND NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA
ASSOCIATED WITH PESTICIDES. THESE STUDIES HAVE BEEN SEVERELY CRITICIZED AND
HAVE RAISED A STORM OF CONTROVERSY. THE SWEDISH STUDIES NEGLECTED TO
ACCOUNT FOR THE FACT THAT ALL OF THE PESTICIDES UNDER CONSIDERATION
CONTAIN DIOXINS AS CONTAMINANTS. EVEN IF A LINK WITH CANCER IS
DEMONSTRATED, THERE IS A RESIDUAL QUESTION WHETHER THE ASSOCIATION IS
WITH THE PESTICIDES OR WITH THE CONTAMINANTS. IN SPITE OF THE VOLUME OF
RESEARCH COMPLETED ON THESE PESTICIDES AND THEIR EFFECTS, THERE IS STILL
SAID TO BE NO DEFINITIVE EVIDENCE SHOWING THAT THEY CAUSE CANCER IN HUMANS.
(5 DRAWINGS, 3 PHOTOS, 96 REFERENCES) Enviroline Number: *88-071070
Thyroid Follicular Cell Carcinogenesis: Mechanistic and Science Policy
Considerations
Hill, R. N. ; Erdreich, L. S. ; Paynter, 0. E. ; Roberts, P.
A.; Rosenthal, S. L.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.Office of
Research and Development.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287457
Report No.: EPA/625/3-88/014A
May 88 169p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8821
NTIS Prices: PC A08/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
EPA's Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment call for use of mechanistic and other
relevant information in making choices about the models to be used in extrapolating
hazard estimates from high to low exposures. The Forum report on thyroid neoplasia
proposes that, under clearly specified conditions, chemical carcinogenesis in thyroid
follicular cells can be analyzed as a threshold phenomenon, rather than assuming low-
dose linearity as EPA customarily does for carcinogenic compounds. Specifically, for
chemicals that induce tumors only in the thyroid gland and alter pituitary-thyroid
status, EPA scientists would use metabolic, lexicological, and ancillary data on
preneoplastic end points to identify a NOAEL or LOAEL as the basis for a cancer potency
estimate. The Forum report reviews the physiology and biochemistry of normal
thyroid-pituitary function, discusses factors influencing thyroid carcinogenesis, and
analyzes human data on thyroid hyperplasia and neoplasia. PB88-230750/XAB
48
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GENOTOXICITY AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS
Analysis of the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base (Journal Version)
(Journal article)
Nesnow, S. ; Bergman, H.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Corp. Source Codes: 048097011
Report No.: EPA/600/B-88/096
1987 19p
Languages: English
Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
Pub. in Mutation Research, v205 p237-253 1988.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base is an evaluated source of cancer data on 506 chemicals,
selected, in part, for their previous assessment in genetic toxicology bioassays. The data base
has been analyzed for the distribution of these chemicals into chemical classes, and for the
distribution of the cancer studies by route of administration, animal species, gender, major
tumor sites, and tumor types. Chemicals in the database have been assessed for species
specific carcinogenic effects, and these results indicate, that for mice and rats, there is a high
correspondence (85%). When chemicals in the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base were examined
for their previous evaluation in 73 genetic toxicology bioassays, only 26 of these bioassays
had 30 or more chemicals. In these 26 bioassays, the prevalence of positive chemicals was
generally greater than 80-90%. This suggests that a thorough evaluation of genetic toxicology
bioassays for their ability to predict carcinogenic effects in animals is premature at this
time. PB89-109284/XAB
Comparison of Maternal and Fetal Toxic Dose Responses in Mammals (Journal
Version)
(Journal article)
Rogers, J. M.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Corp. Source Codes: 048097000
Report No.: EPA/600/J-87/413
1987 12p
Languages: English
Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis, v7 p297-306 1987.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The role of maternal toxicity in adverse developmental outcome and the importance of
maternal toxicity as a factor in developmental risk assessment have received increasing
attention in recent literature. The paper reviews these concepts and some of the experimental
approaches that have been used to assess their importance. The often non-parallel nature of
maternal and fetal toxic dose response curves make specific comparisons of maternal and fetal
49
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toxic doses quite difficult. The use of specific ratios of maternal to fetal toxic doses, such as
the A/D ratio and the Relative Teratogenic Index is discussed, including some of the difficulties
encountered in assigning such ratios, and a compilation of A/D ratios for compounds for which
the ratio could be estimated in more than one mammalian species is included. Results of
studies on the fungicide dinocap, for which the A/D ratio does not seem to be consistent across
species, are briefly reviewed. PB89-105597/XAB
Genetic Activity Profiles and Pattern Recognition in Test Battery Selection
(Journal Version)
(Journal article) Waters, M. D. ; Stack, H. F. ; Rabinowitz, J. R. ; Garrett, N. E.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Corp. Source Codes: 084308000
Sponsor: Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Report No.: EPA/600/U-88/088
C1988 22p
Languages: English
Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
Pub. in Mutation Research, v205 p119-138 1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-02-4031
(NTIS)
Computer-generated genetic activity profiles and pairwise matching procedures may aid in
the selection of the most appropriate short-term bioassays to be used in test batteries for the
evaluation of the genotoxicity of a given chemical or group of chemicals. Selection of test
batteries would be based on a quantitative comparative assessment of the past performance of
similar tests applied to other chemicals of the same structural group. Application of the
method should further our understanding of the relationships between chemical properties and
genotoxic responses obtained in short-term bioassays, and also may contribute to our
knowledge of the mechanisms of complex processes such as carcinogenesis. The approach to
battery selection should be augmented by careful consideration of established principles of
genetic toxicity testing; that is, a chemical should be evaluated in a battery of tests
representing the full range of relevant genetic endpoints. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Science
Publishers B.V. 1988.) PB89-109664/XAB
Genotoxicity of Complex Mixtures: Strategies for the Identification and
Comparative Assessment of Airborne Mutagens and Carcinogens from
Combustion Sources (Journal Version)
(Journal article)
Lewtas, J.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Corp. Source Codes: 048097011
Report No.: EPA/600/J-88/098
1988 22p
Languages: English
Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v10 p571-589 1988.
50
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NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Two strategies for assessment of the toxicity of complex mixtures are described and
illustrated with examples from genotoxicity studies of complex combustion mixtures. The
first is a strategy for identifying biologically active compounds or compound classes in
complex mixtures (bioassay-directed fractionation and characterization). Studies have shown
that a significant portion of the mutagenicity in combustion emissions and urban air is found
in fractions more polar than polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The second strategy
(comparative potency method) provides an approach to evaluating the relative toxicities of a
series of mixtures. The comparative mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of a series of
combustion emissions has been assessed using dose-response studies in bacteria, mammalian
cells, and rodents. Comparative mutagenic and tumorigenic emission rates or emission factors
provide a means to directly compare the relative hazard of the sources. The data base also has
been used to develop a comparative risk assessment methodology for combustion emissions.
PB89-109300/XAB
Use of Computerized Data Listings and Activity Profiles of Genetic and Related
Effects in the Review of 195 Compounds (Journal Version)
(Journal article) Waters. M. D. ; Stack, H F. ; Brady, A. L ; Lohman, P. H. M. ; Haroun, L
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Corp. Source Codes: 048097011;
Sponsor: Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.;
Leiden Rijksuniversiteit (Netherlands).; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon
(France).
Report No.: EPA/600/J-88/089
C1988 20p
Languages: English
Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
Pub. in Mutation Research, v205 p295-312 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., Leiden
Rijksuniversiteit (Netherlands), and International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon
(France).
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Computer-generated listings of data from short-term tests for genetic and related effects
(activity profile listings) were prepared for 195 compounds that included for each compound:
the test system (identified by a three-letter code word); qualitative results; and the lowest
effective dose (LED) or highest ineffective dose (HID) tested. A corresponding bar or line
graph (activity profile) also was generated, in which test systems are displayed along the x-
axis and the LED or HID values along the y-axis. The listings were reviewed and the data
summarized by an IARC Working Group. The methodology used to generate these listings and
plots is described, and results are given for one compound, benzene. The entire data base
contains approximately 7,000 entries from 4,000 references. (Copyright (c) Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V. 1988.) PB89-109680/XAB
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CHEMICAL SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT
ACRYLAMIDE
Analysis of Dose/Time/Response Relationships for Chronic Toxic Effects: The
Case of Acrylamide
Haiti's, D. ; Shapiro, K.
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial
Development.
Corp. Source Codes: 001450010
Sponsor: National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Rockville, MD.
Report No.: CTPID-88-4
Jul 88 72p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
Sponsored by National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Rockville, MD.
NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
To conduct a risk assessment of hazards associated with the handling of acrylamide (79061),
a simple dynamic analysis model was applied to the results of some classic studies of
acrylamide neurotoxicity. The model incorporated the following assumptions: that a particular
adverse effect occurs whenever a specific amount of damage is accumulated in the relevant
portions of the nervous system, that damage is produced at a rate linear with the dose
administered, and that repair of the accumulated damage occurs at a rate directly dependent on
the amount of accumulated damage to be repaired. Preliminary estimates were proposed of the
risk posed to various proportions of the population by exposure to various air concentrations
of acrylamide. For the most part the model focused on the reversible neurotoxic damage and its
associated rates of repair. However, there was also evidence that some of the damage from
acrylamide is not reversible. At ventilation rate of 10 cubic meters per 8 hour day, a 5-year
exposure to acrylamide at 1.5 mg/cu m or a 40-year exposure to 0.18 mg/cu m would show
an association to long term visual changes in average individuals. PB89-109581/XAB
Review of the Acrylamide Health Criteria Document
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB-EHC-88-035 19 .
Jul 88 7p
Languages: English ,
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
See also PB86-117744.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Drinking Water Subcommittee of the Science Advisory Board's Environmental Health
Committee completed its review of the Drinking Water Health Criteria Document for
Acrylamide. Subcommittee made the following conclusions and recommendations: because it
was performed for two full years the Johnson Study should be used in setting the standard, the
52
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final assessment of the carcinogenic potential should await the results of the current bioassay,
the ability of acrylamide to produce heritable germ cell mutations should be given emphasis in
the risk assessment process, the health implications of products formed from acrylamide as a
result of chlorination and oxidation processes are potentially serious and must be considered
in the document, and the potential effects of pH and metal ions in water should be addressed.
PB89-109011/XAB
ALDICARB
Aldicarb Special Review Technical Support Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287124
Report No.: EPA/540/9-88/093
Jun 88 164p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8820
NTIS Prices: PC A08/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Special Review Document addresses the risks and benefits of pesticide products containing
the' subject active ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of products containing
the subject active ingredient may meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR Part
154. Potential hazards will be examined further to determine the nature and extent of the
risk, and considering the benefits of the subject active ingredient, whether such risks cause
unreasonable adverse effects on the environment. PB88-236856/XAB
AMMONIA
Ammonia barging risk assessment
Kaiser, G.D.; Brooks, J.K.: Check, M.C.; McKelvey, T.C.; Raj, A.; Greiner, W.
Sci. Appl. Int. Corp., McLean, VA
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer National Meeting 8830985 Denver,
CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street. New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
47c
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
ANHYDROUS HCL
ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL ACCIDENTAL RELEASE OF ANHYDROUS HCL FROM A
TANK CAR,
EGAN BRUCE A. (ERT INC, MA) AND ; SCHWAB BRADLEY W. (BUONICORE-CASHMAN ASSOC,
NH),
TAPPI ENV CONF, CHARLESTON, SC. APR 18-20, 88, P249(9)
(ENVIROLINE)
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CONF PAPER A CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS ADDRESSED A HYPOTHETICAL ACCIDENTAL RELEASE
OF ANHYDROUS HYDROGEN CHLORIDE TD THE ATMOSPHERE. THE HCL RELEASE IS ASSUMED TO
OCCUR FROM A 70-TON RAILROAD CAR DURING TRANSFER OPERATIONS. A WORST-CASE
RELEASE SCENARIO IS ASSOCIATED WITH FLOW RATES JUST BELOW THAT REQUIRED TO
TRIGGER AN EXCESS FLOW VALVE INSIDE OF THE TANK CAR. THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT
EXCESS FLOW VALVE SIZES IN WORST-CASE DOWNWIND CONCENTRATIONS ARE ANALYZED
USING AN ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION MODEL APPROPRIATE FOR USE WITH HEAVIER-THAN-
AIR GAS RELEASES. THE TOXICOLOGY OF HCL EXPOSURES AND THE FACTORS INVOLVED IN
DEFINING AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE THRESHOLD AIR CONCENTRATION VALUE ARE ALSO
COVERED. (4 GRAPHS, 11 REFERENCES, 2 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *89-000614
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Reed NR, Babapour R; Reed W; Beltran L i Hsieh DPH
California Univ, Davis Dept of Environmental Toxicology.
Health Risk Assessment of Carbon Tetrachloride (TCT) in California Drinking
Water
California Public Health Foundation, Berkeley
California Dept of Health Services, Berkeley
Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I). Issue 01. 1989
PB89-102321 173p
NTIS Prices:PC A08/MF A01
UCD/ET-88/1
California Public Health Foundation, Berkeley
California Dept of Health Services, Berkeley
(TOXLINE)
The purpose of the document is to provide information on the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride
(CTC) and to estimate the exposure of California residents to CTC. The information provided
will aid the California Department of Health Services in developing drinking water standards
for CTC. The four major contributions of the document are (1) a review of the existing
literature pertinent to the health risk from CTC contaminated drinking water; (2) an
estimation of the CTC exposure for California residents; (3) a delineation of the level of CTC
that may cause a noncarcinogenic health effect; and (4) an estimation of the cancer potency
and lifetime cancer risk. Toxics also discussed are: physical and chemical properties;
mechanisms of toxicity; human exposure; health effects; and data gaps. Final rept NTIS
PB89-102321
CHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS
Interim Procedures for Estimating Risks Associated with Exposures of
Mixtures of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and -Dibenzofurans (CDDs and
CDFs)
Bellin, U. S. ; Barnes, D. G.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287609
Report No.: EPA/625/3-87/012
Mar 87 59p
Languages: English
54
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Journal Announcement: GRAI8904
NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
As part of its effort to address risks posed by chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated
dibenzofurans (CDDs and CDFs) in the environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has adopted an interim procedure, based on dioxin toxicity equivalence factors (TEFs),
for estimating the hazard and dose-response of complex mixtures containing CDDs and CDFs in
addition to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The TEF procedure, and the
scientific data upon which it is based, are the subject of the report. The document describes
the recommended interim procedure for generating the TCDD equivalence of complex mixtures
of CDDs and CDFs, based on congener or homologue-specific data, and for using such
information in assessing risk. PB89-125041/XAB
CHROMIUM
Carcinogen Risk Assessment of Chromium Compounds
Gibb, H. J. ; Chen, C. W. ; Hiremath, C. B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Carcinogen Assessment Group.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287601
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/129
Jun 88 50p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8818
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Hexavalent chromium has been identified as a human carcinogen. Evidence to support this
contention derives from epidemiologic, animal, and genotoxicity studies. Although workers
exposed to both trivalent and hexavalent chromium have been shown to be at an excess risk of
respiratory cancer, only hexavalent chromium has been shown to be carcinogenic in animals.
Both hexavalent and trivalent chromium have been shown to be mutagenic, but the evidence
for hexavalent chromium is somewhat stronger than that for trivalent chromium. The
quantitative estimation of the cancer risk due to hexavalent chromium in the ambient air is
calculated on the basis of lung cancer mortality data for chromate production workers. The
lifetime respiratory cancer risk due to 1 microgram/cu m) of hexavalent chromium in the
ambient air is estimated to be 1.2 x .002 on the basis of Mancuso's data and 9.4 x .003 on the
basis of the Braver et al. data. PB88-220363/XAB
DICHOROPHENOXY ACETIC ACID
Delineation and risk assessment for 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid in the
vadose zone
Blunt, D.U.
Exceltech Inc.
2nd National Outdoor Action Conference on Aquifer Restoration, Ground Water Monitoring and
Geophysical Methods
8825013 Las Vegas, NV (USA) 23-26 May 1988
Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers;
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
National Water Well Association 6375 Riverside Drive, Dublin, OH 43017 (USA). Telephone
(614) 761-1711. Telex-241302
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
DICHOROPROPANE
Health Risk Assessment of 1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) in California
Drinking Water
(Final rept.)
Reed, N. R. ; Reed, W. ; Beltran, L ; Babapour, R. ; Hsieh, D. P. H.
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Environmental Toxicology. Corp.
Source Codes: 004365119
Sponsor: California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley.
Report No.: UCD/ET-88/3
18 Nov 88 94p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8906
Sponsored by California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley.
NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The purpose of the document is to provide information on the toxicity of 1,2-dichloropropane
(1,2-DCP) and to estimate the exposure of California residents to 1,2-DCP. The information
provided will aid the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) in developing drinking
water standards for 1,2-DCP. The scope of the document is: a review of the existing literature
pertinent to the health risk posed by the use of 1,2-DCP contaminated drinking water; an
estimation of the 1,2-DCP exposure for California residents based on the most recent data on
1,2-DCP concentrations in California drinking water supplies; a delineation of the level of
1,2-DCP that may cause a noncarcinogenic health effect; and an evaluation of the
carcinogenicity of 1,2-DCP. PB89-132005/XAB
DIOXIN
Dioxin Toxic Equivalency Methodology Subcommittee Following Its Evaluation
of EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Toxic Equivalency Factor
Methodology for CDDs (Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins) and CDFs
(Chlorinated Dibenzofurans). Report of the Science Advisory Board
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EC-87/008
4 Nov 86 12p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
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The Assistant Administrator for Air requested the Science Advisory Board to review a draft
document which sets an approach for assessing the hazards of Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin
(CDD) and dibenzofuran (CDF) mixtures relative to the toxicity of the 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-
dibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD) isomer. The Subcommittee concluded that the draft document
represented a successful interim attempt to articulate a scientific rationale and procedures
for developing risk management decisions for mixtures which contain CDDs and CDFs related
in structure and activity to TCDD. PB88-244801/XAB
THE MOST POTENT CARCINOGEN?,
GOUGH MICHAEL
RESOURCES (RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE), SUMMER 88, N92, P2(4)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE DIOXIN HAS BEEN LABELED AS THE MOST TOXIC MANMADE CHEMICAL AND
THE MOST POTENT CARCINOGEN. NORTH AMERICANS SLOWLY ACCUMULATE DIOXIN IN THEIR
TISSUES OVER THEIR LIFETIMES. WITH THE DECAY OF RESIDUAL DIOXIN FROM HERBICIDE
USE AND THE CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES, LEVELS OF DIOXIN IN
HUMAN TISSUES WILL PROBABLY DECREASE IN THE FUTURE. HOWEVER, THE INABILITY TO
DETERMINE HOW AND IF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES TO DIOXINS MAKE PEOPLE SICK KEEPS
ALIVE THE CONTROVERSY ABOUT HOW HARMFUL DIOXIN MAY BE TO HUMAN HEALTH.
INCIDENTS OF ACCIDENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO THE CHEMICAL ARE
REVIEWED, REVEALING NO CONSISTENT, CONVINCING EVIDENCE OF LONG-TERM ADVERSE
HEALTH EFFECTS. IMPLICATIONS FOR RELATED STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATORY ACTIVITIES
ARE CONSIDERED. (1 GRAPH, 1 PHOTO) Enviroline Number: *89-000647
Risk Assessment for Dioxin Contamination at Midland, Michigan (Second
Edition)
(Final rept.)
Nisbet, I. C. T. ; Mendez, W. M. ; Phillips, W. ; Barnes, D.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region V.
Corp. Source Codes: 032265018
Report No.: EPA/905/4-88/005
Apr 88 220p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824
NTIS Prices: PC A1O/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Results are presented of a comprehensive, multi-media, human health risk assessment of the
contamination in the Midland, Michigan, area with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or
TCDD, and related compounds ('dioxin') resulting primarily from past releases from the Dow
Chemical Company's Michigan Division plant. The risk assessment follows USEPA's published
guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment and exposure assessment. An exposure assessment
section summarizes the available environmental monitoring data for the Midland area and
derives estimated human intakes of dioxin for a number of scenarios based upon exposure of
the local population to ambient air, drinking water, soil, and fish. Finally, a risk
characterization section combines the dose response and exposure information to determine
estimated probabilities of adverse health effects for the scenarios considered. PB88-
249818/XAB
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ETHYL CHLORIDE
Summary of Emissions Associated with Sources of Ethyl Chloride
Hume, G. L
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards.
Corp. Source Codes: 034680059
Report No.: EPA/450/3-88/005
Jun 88 125p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A06/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The potential ambient health impact of ethyl chloride emissions has been investigated. The
document contains information on the sources of ethyl chloride emissions, estimates current
emission levels, summarizes production trends and ambient monitoring results. Results of the
study provided inputs for the exposure and risk assessment of ethyl chloride. PB88-
240247/XAB
HEAVY METALS
Incinerator Ash Quality, Residue Characteristics, and Control of Heavy Metal
Emissions
Carroll, G. U.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Corp. Source Codes: 034122084
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/252
Nov 88 23p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8906
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Limited information from past research indicates that organic concentrations in hazardous
waste incinerator (HWI) ash and air pollution control device residue are low, and that
destruction is the primary reason for high Destruction and Removal Efficiency (ORE) values.
Increasing attention is being focused on HWI stack metal-emissions, which appear to be the
most significant component of HWI risk assessment values derived to date. PB89-
129464/XAB
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MONOCHLOROETHANE
Summary Review of Health Effects Associated with Monochloroethane: Health
Issue Assessment
Opresko, D.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office.
Corp. Source Codes: 034680061;
Sponsor: Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Report No.: EPA/600/8-88/080
Jun 88 43p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8822
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Monochloroethane (ethyl chloride) is released into the environment from anthropogenic
sources and has been identified in air samples from locations around the U.S. The major route
of exposure is inhalation. Histopathological changes in the lungs, liver and kidneys have been
observed in animals at concentrations >20,000 ppm. Severe toxic effects were seen at
concentrations >40,000 ppm. Humans exposed to high concentrations exhibited CNS, cardiac,
and respiratory effects. There is no conclusive information about chronic toxicity of
monochloroethane to humans, and it is in EPA's Group D as to carcinogenicity.
Monochloroethane was found to be non-teratogenic in one animal study. PB88-236047/'XAB
Nature and Extent of Lead Poisoning in Children in the United States: A Report
to Congress
(Final rept.)
Mushak, P. Crocetti, A. F.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.
Corp. Source Codes: 092477000;
Sponsor: North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.; New York Medical Coll., NY.
Report No.: DHHS-99-2699
Jul 88 563p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8901
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill, and New York Medical Coll.,
NY.
NTIS Prices: PC A24/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The findings in the report clearly indicate a continuing health concern that too many children
are exposed to too much lead in their environments. About 17 percent of children in Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Areas are exposed to environmental sources of lead at concentrations
that place them at risk of adverse health effects (using a blood lead criterion of 15
micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood). Three to four million children are estimated to
have this level of risk. Additionally, 400,000 fetuses are estimated to be at risk of excess
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absorption of lead due to maternal exposure. Lead in paint and lead in dust/soil will continue
as major problems into the foreseeable future. These sources of exposure to lead remain, in
large measure, as problems of poor housing and impoverished neighborhoods. The report
recommends effective use of screening programs to prevent development of adverse health
effects in children exposed to environmental sources of lead. The most effective prevention
measure will be removal or marked reduction of lead exposure sources. The report contains an
extensive bibliography. PB89-100184/XAB
OXIDANTS
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE SYMPTOM EFFECTS OF LONG-
TERM CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT LEVELS OF TOTAL OXIDANTS AND
NITROGEN DIOXIDE IN CALIFORNIA SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST RESIDENTS,
EULER GARY L KERN COUNTY HEALTH DEPT, CA,; ABBEY DAVID E. HODGKIN JOHN E.; MAGIE
ALLAN R.
ARCHIVES ENV HEALTH, JUL-AUG 88, V43, N4, P279(7)
(ENVIROLINE)
RESEARCH ARTICLE THE RISK OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE SYMPTOMS
DUE TO LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT LEVELS OF TOTAL OXIDANTS AND NITROGEN
DIOXIDE WAS ASSESSED FOR A SAMPLE OF 7445 SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST NONSMOKERS,
AGED 25 YEARS OR OLDER. THE STUDY POPULATION HAD RESIDED AT LEAST 11 YEARS IN
AREAS OF CALIFORNIA WITH HIGH TO LOW PHOTOCHEMICAL AIR POLLUTION. A STATISTICALLY
SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH CHRONIC SYMPTOMS WAS OBSERVED FOR TOTAL OXIDANTS
ABOVE 10 PPM. CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE SYMPTOMS WERE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH
RELATIVELY LOW N02 EXPOSURE LEVELS IN THIS POPULATION. WHEN THESE POLLUTANT
EXPOSURES WERE STUDIED WITH EXPOSURES TO TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULARS (TSP)
AND SULFUR DIOXIDE, ONLY TSP EXPOSURE ABOVE 200 (GR)MG/CU M SHOWED STATISTICAL
SIGNIFICANCE. (67 REFERENCES, 3 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *89-000015
OZONE
Use of exposure analysis and risk assessment in the ozone NAAQS review
process
Richmond, H.M.; McCurdy, T.
U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting &
Exhibition - APCA '88 8825011 Dallas, TX (USA) 19-24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
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PERCHLOROETHYLENE
Review of a Draft Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for
Perchloroethylene
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EHC-87/018
27 Jan 87 14p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824
See also PB85-249704.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Committee previously reviewed a draft Health Assessment Document on May 9-20, 1984
and an Addendum is desirable because of newly available data, primarily an inhalation
bioassay of rodents by the National Toxicology Program. The Subcommittee believes it is
reasonable to describe the weight of the epidemiological evidence in humans as conforming to
the EPA guideline for carcinogen risk assessment definition of inadequate. The Subcommittee
concluded that the animal evidence of carcinogenicity is limited because of positive results in
only one strain of mouse of a type of tumor that is common and difficult to interpret.
Therefore, the Subcommittee concluded that perchloroethylene belongs in the overall weight-
of-the-evidence category C (possible human carcinogen). PB88-244298/XAB
POLYCHLORINATED DEBENZOFURANS
Review of a Draft Health Assessment Document for Polychlorinated
Debenzofurans
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EHC-87/021
16 Jan 87 7p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The available information on polychlorinated dibenzofurans is scant. For this reason, staff
utilized information about polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in the assessment. The
scientific theory that supports the use of the analogy is sound. Both groups of substances are
thought to cause biological effects by binding with different affinities to the same intracellular
receptor molecule. However, the draft document assumes the theory for one plausible effect of
receptor binding, namely developmental abnormalities, and not for other effects which have
been attributed to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in previous Agency assessments, such as
carcinogenicity. The Subcommittee requests that EPA either assume the same theory for all
effects or provide an explanation of why carcinogenic effects do not follow from binding to the
receptor. PB88-245535/XAB
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RADON
Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV
(Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations)
National Research Council. Washington, DC. Advisory Committee on the Biological Effects of
Ionizing Radiations.
Corp. Source Codes: 019026259
Sponsor: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.: Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Washington, DC.
Report No.: ISBN-0-309-03789-1
C1988 621p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8820
Library of Congress catalog card no. 87-31280. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., and Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
NTIS Prices: PC A99/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-02-3895
(NTIS)
The report addresses demonstrated and potential health effects of exposure of human
populations to internally deposited alpha-emitting radionuclides and their decay products. It
emphasizes carcinogenic effects and, where possible, presents quantitative risk estimates for
cancer induction. The largest part of the report deals with health effects of exposure to radon
and its progeny. The report also addresses health effects of exposure to other groups of
radionuclides and their progeny that emit alpha particles-the isotopes of polonium, radium,
thorium, uranium, and the transuranic elements. The report consists of eight chapters and
eight appendixes. The remainder of the chapter presents a summary of the committee's
findings and its recommendations for future research.PB88-225594/XAB
ESTIMATED RISK OF LUNG CANCER FROM EXPOSURE TO RADON DECAY
PRODUCTS IN U.S. HOMES: A BRIEF REVIEW,
NERO JR. ANTHONY V. LBNL,
ATMOSPHERIC ENV, 1988, V22, N10, P2205(7)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE RISK OF LUNG CANCER FROM RADON DECAY PRODUCTS IN US HOMES
CAN BE DIRECTLY ESTIMATED. ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM INDOOR MONOTORING IN SINGLE-
FAMILY HOMES YIELDS A TENTATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL AVERAGE RADON
222 CONCENTRATIONS WITH AN ARITHMETIC MEAN OF 55 BECQUEREL (BQVCU M AND
ABOUT 2% OF HOMES HAVING 300 BO/CU M OR MORE. APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS OF
OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES TO INDOOR EXPOSURES SUGGESTS THAT THE
AVERAGE INDOOR CONCENTRATION ENTAILS A LIFETIME RISK OF LUNG CANCER OF ABOUT
0.4%, CONTRIBUTING ABOUT 10% OF THE TOTAL RISK OF LUNG CANCER. THE RISK TO
INDIVIDUALS OCCUPYING HOMES WITH 300 BQ/CU M OR MORE FOR THEIR LIFETIMES IS
ESTIMATED TO EXCEED 2%, WITH RISKS FROM HOMES WITH THOUSANDS OF BQ/CU M
CORRESPONDINGLY HIGHER, EVEN EXCEEDING THE TOTAL RISK OF PREMATURE DEATH DUE TO
CIGARETTE SMOKING. (1 GRAPH, 25 REFERENCES) Enviroline Number: *89-000837
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TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
Estimating Exposures to 2,3,7,8-TCDD
(Draft repl)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287609
Mar 88 360p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8821
See also PB88-231212.
NTIS Prices: PC A16/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The exposure assessment document provides a review and update of information related to
exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Several scenarios are
constructed to illustrate how contaminated material from contaminated soil, various land
disposal situations, and municipal waste incineration can result in exposure to 2,3,7,8-
TCDD. Estimates are also provided to show what the human exposure and risk would be via
inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion of contaminated soil. Part One presents an update of
previous work and an analysis of key issues related to exposure assessment for chlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins with emphasis on 2,3,7,8-TCDD, such as the behavior of 2,3,7,8-TCDD
in soil and sediment, bioavailability from soil, the use of pharmacokinetics for estimating
2,3,7,8-TCDD exposures, and plant uptake. Part Two addresses the application of exposure
assessment methods discussed in Part One, in evaluating 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposures from
selected situations. Twenty different exposure scenarios, covering contaminated soil, landfills
and incineration are presented. Human exposure and risk calculations are then computed
under each pathway for the different scenarios. PB88-231196/XAB
Cancer Risk-Specific Dose Estimate for 2,3,7,8-TCDD
(Draft rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287609
Jun 88 72p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8821
See also report dated Mar 88, PB88-231196.
NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The draft report focuses on the hazard identification and dose-response assessment for the
potential human carcinogenicity of the chemical. The objective of the report is to determine if
EPA's 1985 cancer risk assessment for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins should be modified
in light of recent data, alternative risk assessment methods, or alternative interpretations of
data on the chemical. The draft report concludes that (1) the 1985 assessment that associates
a 0.006 pk/kg/day dose with a plausible upper bound increased cancer risk of one in a million
10 to the -6 power should be reconsidered, and (2) a change to a 0.1 pg/kg/day dose as a
plausible upper bound associated with an increased lifetime risk of one in a million is
consistent with the available data and theories, and represents a reasonable science policy for
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the Agency. Also, appendices A through F to the document contain important background
information on a broad range of issues related to 2,3,7,8-TCDD including quantitative
implications (A), epidemiology (B and D), reproductive and developmental toxicity (C),
immunotoxicity (E), and mechanisms of action (F). PB88-231204/XAB
Cancer Risk-Specific Dose Estimate for 2,3,7,8-TCDD: Appendices A through
F
(Draft rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287609
Jun 88 270p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8821
See also report dated Jun 88, PB88-231204.
NTIS Prices: PC A12/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The draft report reexamines the scientific basis and methods used by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating the cancer potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-
pdioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). It focuses on the hazard identification and dose-response
assessment for the potential human carcinogenicity of this chemical. The objective of the
report is to determine if EPA's 1985 cancer risk assessment for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-
dioxins should be modified in light of recent data, alternative risk assessment methods, or
alternative interpretations of data on the chemical. The draft report concludes that (1) the
1985 assessment that associates a 0.006 pk/kg/day dose with a plausible upper bound
increased cancer risk of one in a million 10 to the -6 power should be reconsidered, and (2) a
change to a 0.1 pg/kg/day dose as a plausible upper bound associated with an increased
lifetime risk of one in a million is consistent with the available data and theories, and
represents a reasonable science policy for the Agency. Appendices A through F to the document
contain important background information on a broad range of issues related to 2,3,7,8-TCDD
including quantitative implications (A), epidemiology (B and D), reproductive and
developmental toxicity (C), immunotoxicity (E), and mechanisms of action (F). PB88-
231212/XAB
TRICHLOROETHANE
Health Risk Assessment of 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA) in California
Drinking Water
(Final rept.)
Reed, N. R. ; Reed, W. ; Beltran, L ; Babapour, R.; Hsieh, D. P. H.
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Environmental Toxicology.
Corp. Source Codes: 004365119
Sponsor: California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley.
Report No.: UCD/ET-88/2
2 Nov 88 99p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8906
Sponsored by California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley.
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NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The purpose of the document is to provide information on the toxicity of 1,1,2-trichlorethane
(1,1,2-TCA) and to estimate the exposure of California residents to 1,1,2-TCA. The
information provided will aid the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) in
developing drinking water standards for 1,1,2-TCA. The scope of the document is: a review of
the existing literature pertinent to the health risk posed by the use of 1,1,2-TCA
contaminated drinking water; an estimation of the 1,1,2-TCA exposure for California
residents based on the most recent data on 1,1,2-TCA concentrations in California drinking
water supplies; a delineation of the level of 1,1,2-TCA that may cause a noncarcinogenic
health effect; and an evaluation of the carcinogenicity of 1,1,2-TCA. PB89-131999/XAB
Comparison of approaches to trichloroethylene risk assessment
Brown, L.P.
ICI Epidemiol. Unit, Macclesfield, UK
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in Environment 8835010 University of
Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Ecological risk assessment at hazardous waste sites
Shortelle, A.B.
ERT, Inc., Concord, MA
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer
National Meeting 8830985 Denver, CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345
East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017 (USA). Telephone:
(212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No. 35f
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSONNEL IN HEALTH
RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE,
STERN BARRY 5. PHS, MD,
J ENV HEALTH, MAY-JUN 88, V50, N6, P352(3)
(ENVIROLINE)
RESEARCH ARTICLE A WORKSHOP ATTENDED BY REPRESENTATIVES OF
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS, STATE AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
PROGRAMS, FEDERAL PROGRAMS, AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR GENERATED
RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL WORKFORCE IN RISK ASSESSMENT AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT. CURRICULUM NEEDS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND
MANAGEMENT WERE IDENTIFIED. EDUCATIONAL INGREDIENTS WERE
SPECIFIED WITH REFERENCE TO TRAINING RESPONSE PERSONNEL IN THE
HUMAN HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH TOXIC SUBSTANCES/HAZARDOUS
WASTE EVENTS. (4 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE) Enviroline Number: *88-081198
Escape from RCRA: avoiding compliance through redefinition and risk
assessment. (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Fortuna, Richard C.
Environmental Forum 5 n2 30(5) May-June, 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
STATUTE: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
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Exposure and risk assessment for a proposed hazardous waste incinerator
Dietrich, G. Pyne, D.; Tilly, J.
ICF Technol., Inc., Fairfax, VA
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer
National Meeting 8830985 Denver, CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street. New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
80f
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
From Risk Analysis to Risk Control in Land Transport of Dangerous Materials.
Contribution of Quantitative Evaluation
Hubert, P. ; Pages, P.
Centre d'Etude sur I'Evaluation de la Protection dans le Domaine Nucleaire, Fontenay-aux-
Roses (France).
Corp. Source Codes: 059075000; 9698141
Report No.: CEPN-85
Mar 85 92p
Languages: French
Journal Announcement: GRAI8901; NSA1300
In French.
U.S. Sales Only.
NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01
Country of Publication: France
(NTIS)
The different approaches of risks and risk management system are described: statistics,
potential risk, prevention, information and intervention, quantitative evaluation is developed:
data collection, purposes and methods. Two examples of application are given on risks
associated to road transport of propane and of uranium hexafluoride. In conclusion, level of
risk and practical use of studies on risks are examined. DE88753181/XAB
Hazardous Waste from Small Quantity Generators in the United States
Herndon, R. C. ; Moerlins, U. E. ; Teaf, C. M. ; Lambou, V. W. ; Koutsandreas, U. D.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Corp. Source Codes: 065438000;
Sponsor: Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedical and Toxicological Research
and Hazardous Waste Management.
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/193
1988 11p
Languages: English
Document Type: Journal article
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824
Pub. in Hazardous Waste: Detection, Control, Treatment, p943-951 1988. Prepared in
cooperation with Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedical and Toxicological
Research and Hazardous Waste Management.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
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The EPA must evaluate the potential impact of small quantity generator hazardous waste on
groundwater contamination in the United States, focusing on potential groundwater
contamination due to small quantity generator hazardous waste disposal in municipal sanitary
landfills. Data were analyzed from approximately 20,000 small quantity hazardous waste
generators located within all 67 counties in the State of Florida. The Florida data provide a
useful representation of the hazardous waste generation and management practices of small
quantity generators in the United States. The small quantity generator hazardous waste study
described in the article has identified the types of waste which pose a potential threat to
groundwater in the State of Florida. PB88-251871/XAB
HAZWASTE TECHNOLOGY,
DALEY PETER CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT INC, IL,
HAZMAT WORLD, AUG 88, P38(6)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE RISK ASSESSMENT, BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY, AND OTHER RULES
CONTAINED WITHIN THE RESOURCE CONSERVATION & RECOVERY ACT OF 1976 DO NOT
PROMOTE THE ADVANCEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY. THE
REGULATIONS WERE DEVELOPED WITH COMMERCIAL DISPOSAL IN MIND, AND THEY
EMPHASIZE STABLE OPERATIONS RATHER THAN EXPERIMENTATION. THE SUPERFUND
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION PROGRAM HAS BROUGHT NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO THE
DEMONSTRATION PHASE AND PROVIDED A VISIBLE FORUM FOR NEW METHODS IN REMEDIAL
ACTION. WITH THESE AND OTHER INCENTIVES, THE HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
INDUSTRY PROMISES TO REALIZE MUCH TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS WELL INTO THE 1990S.
RECENT ADVANCES IN WASTE MINIMIZATION, INCINERATION, AND WASTE REDUCTION ARE
NOTED. (3 PHOTOS) Enviroline Number: 89-000403
Optimizing Compliance Training for the Waste Management Worker
Copenhaver, E. D.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Corp. Source Codes: 021310000: 4832000
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: CONF-881054-13
1988 10p
Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908; NSA1300
Annual DOE model conference, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 3 Oct 1988.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC05-840R21400
(NTIS)
Waste management workers are required to participate in special training mandated by a
variety of Federal laws and DOE Orders; these include the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA), Superfund Amendments Reauthorization Act (SARA) as implemented by OSHA in
CFR 1920.120, in addition to requirements for Hazard Communication, Radiation Workers,
Respiratory Protection, Transportation, and Waste Generator training. The Technical
Resources and Training program is examining the course contents and mandated requirements
to determine how to best meld these requirements into a training program that will still
68
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fulfill all requirements but eliminate the potential for duplication of some elements in
successive courses. This approach may not eliminate all duplication between courses, but it
should result in significant savings in manhours demanded in a training environment which
requires similar information to meet a host of regulatory requirements. The training matrix
planned for Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) will be presented and discussed. 22 refs., 3
tabs. (ERA citation 13:056246) DE89001211/XAB
Overview of hazards evaluation and risk assessment technology for spill
prevention
Arendt, S.
JBF Assoc., Inc., Knoxville, TN
1988 Hazardous Material Spills Conference 8825005 Chicago,
IL (USA) 16-19 May 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AlChE); National
Response Team
Publication Sales, AlChE, 345 East 47th Street. New York, NY 10017 (USA). Telephone
(212) 705-7657, Proceedings available; pre-publication price is $60.00
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Review of the Superfund Hazard Ranking System: Review by the Hazard
Ranking System Review Subcommittee of the Science Advisory Board
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/RAC-88/008 Jan 88 120p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824
NTIS Prices: PC A06/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Changes were suggested that will allow EPA's Hazardous Ranking System (HRS) to provide a
more accurate and scientifically based estimate of the relative risk of candidate uncontrolled
waste sites. A revised HRS, better designed to evaluate sites by relative risks, will provide an
improved mechanism for determining which sites should be included on the National
Priorities List (NPL), and can potentially provide useful input to the subsequent
prioritization of NPL sites. Most of the changes needed to improve the current HRS are changes
in the risk variables assessed and in the overall algorithm, not changes with vast new data
requirements. PB88-248935/XAB
RISK ASSESSMENT IN RAIL TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS,
ALP E. CONCORD SCIENTIFIC CORP, CANADA,; OLIVERIO M.; PORTELLI R. V.; NAPIER D. H.
ENV CANADA CHEMICAL SPILLS 5TH TECHNICAL SYM, MONTREAL, FEB
9-11, 88, P351(31)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER FEASIBLE MEANS OF REDUCING RISK TO THE PUBLIC FROM RAIL TRANSPORT OF
DANGEROUS GOODS THROUGH THE TORONTO, CANADA, AREA, WERE SOUGHT. VARIOUS
ALTERNATIVE ROUTES AND OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES WERE CONSIDERED, AS WAS THE
69
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DEGREE OF RISK REDUCTION POSSIBLE THROUGH SUCH MEASURES AS TECHNOLOGY
IMPROVEMENTS. THE BASELINE SOCIETAL RISK FOR THE EXISTING RAIL SYSTEM IS 4.1
STATISTICAL FATALITIES PER YEAR BASED ON 1991 POPULATION DATA, AND 4.6 STATISTICAL
FATALITIES PER YEAR FOR THE YEAR 2011. THESE LEVELS OF PUBLIC RISK ARE RELATIVELY
LOW WHEN COMPARED WITH OTHER SOCIETAL RISKS. RAIL ROUTING OPTIONS THAT CAN
FURTHER REDUCE THESE SOCIETAL RISKS ARE IDENTIFIED. (2 DIAGRAMS, 5 GRAPHS, 2
MAPS, 6 REFERENCES, 8 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *88-081418
Risk Assessment Study on the Transportation of Hazardous Materials Over the
U.S. Railroads
(Final rept. 1984-85)
Raj, P. K.
Technology and Management Systems, Inc., Burlington, MA.
Corp. Source Codes: 077179000 Sponsor:
Federal Railroad Administration, Washington, DC. Office of Research and Development.
Report No.: DOT/FRA/ORD-88/14
Nov 88 164p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908
Sponsored by Federal Railroad Administration, Washington, DC. Office of Research and
Development.
NTIS Prices: PC A08/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: DTFR53-84-C-00012
(NTIS)
A comprehensive and generic risk assessment model has been developed for evaluating the risk
to the public from the transportation of hazardous materials (Hazmat) on rail over specified
routes. The model considers the various operational and Hazmat property parameters. The
model developed was utilized to evaluate the risks posed in transporting LPG, chlorine and
sulfuric acid on two (alternative) routes between the same origin-destination pair. Historical
main line and yard accident data together with the current volumes of transportation of the
specified Hazmats were considered. The results are presented in the form of risk profiles.
Safety measures, such as head shields and shelf couplers, seem to reduce, substantially, the
annual frequency of high casualties but seem to have less impact on the low casualty end of the
risk profile. A similar positive effect in risk reduction is seen from emergency response
action following an accident. Sensitivity of the risk profiles to various other parameters were
also investigated. PB89-138929/XAB
RISK ASSOCIATED WITH RESEARCH OF AN INNOVATIVE PROCESS FOR THERMAL
DESTRUCTION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES: A CASE STUDY,
WENTZ CHARLES A. ANL,
HAZARDOUS WASTE & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, 1988, V5, N2, P155(7)
(ENVIROLINE)
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JOURNAL ARTICLE UNION CARBIDE CONTRACTED WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA
ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER TO DEMONSTRATE HIGH-TEMPERATURE GASIFICATION BY
DESTROYING PCBS IN THE CENTER'S EXISTING PILOT-PLANT LIGNITE GASIFIER. SHORTLY
AFTER THE CENTER RECEIVED NECESSARY STATE AND FEDERAL PERMITS, A GROUP OF LOCAL
CITIZENS CAME OUT AGAINST THE PCB PROGRAM. THE PROJECT THEN CAME UNDER INTENSE
PUBLIC SCRUTINY. DESPITE THE PROJECTS POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND REGARDLESS OF THE
BUILT-IN SAFEGUARDS, THE STATE OPERATING PERMIT WAS REVOKED AND THE PROJECT
WAS TERMINATED. (21 DIAGRAMS, 9 REFERENCES) Enviroline Number: 88-071364
Superfund cleanups, ethics, and environmental risk assessment.
Brown, Donald A.
Boston Col Environmental Affairs Law R 16:181-98 Winter '88
LANGUAGE: Engl
DOC TYPE: P
Determining levels of acceptable risk from the threats of hazardous wastes.
Contents: Risk assessment methodology; Science and ethics distinguished; Risk management
compared to risk assessment; Consequences of failure to identify ethical questions in risk
assessment.
(PAIS INTERNATIONAL)
Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287614
Report No.: EPA/540/1-88/001; OSWER DIRECTIVE-9285-5-1
Apr 88 166p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908
NTIS Prices: PC A08/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Manual provides a framework for the assessment of exposure to contaminants at or migrating
from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, covering the application of both monitoring and
modeling procedures to the exposure assessment process. This process considers all
contaminant releases and exposure routes and assures that an adequate level of analytical
detail is applied to support the human health risk assessment process. The analytical process
covers: analysis of contaminant releases from a subject site into environmental media;
evaluation of the transport and environmental fate of the contaminants released;
identification, enumeration, and characterization of potentially exposed populations;
integrated exposure analysis; and uncertainty analysis. The Manual supports the development
of exposure assessments that are consistent from site to site, and provides a means of
documenting that each site receives adequate evaluation. PB89-135859/XAB
71
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Use of risk analysis results in support of the final programmatic
environmental impact statement for the disposal of the U.S. chemical
weapons stockpile
Flanagan, G.F.
Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer National Meeting 8830985 Denver,
CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
9F
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
RADIATION
CALCULATED RADIONUCLIDE INVENTORIES OF HIGH-EXPOSURE LWR FUELS,
WILSON W. B. LANL, ; ENGLAND T. R.; LABAUVE R. J. ;
MITCHELL U. A.
NUCLEAR SAFETY, APR-JUN 88, V29, N2, P177(17)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE RELIANCE ON HIGHER ENRICHMENT OXIDE FUELS TO ALLOW HIGHER
DISCHARGE EXPOSURES MAY REDUCE LWR OPERATING COSTS BECAUSE OF EXTENDED FUEL
CYCLE LENGTH AND REDUCED SPENT FUEL STORAGE VOLUME. HIGH EXPOSURE FUELS CONTAIN
HIGH TOTAL FISSION PRODUCT AND ACTINIDE INVENTORIES AND THUS COULD POSE GREATER
POTENTIAL RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS. THE INVENTORIES OF 56 RADIONUCLIDES CONTRIBUTING
TO RADIOLOGICAL HAZARD ASSESSMENTS WERE COMPUTED FOR A RANGE OF INITIAL
ENRICHMENTS AND DISCHARGE EXPOSURES. THE CI/METRIC TON OF URANIUM INVENTORIES
ARE COMPILED AND COMPARED WITH THOSE GENERATED IN LWR OXIDE FUELS WITH
CONVENTIONAL ENRICHMENTS AND EXPOSURES. MAXIMUM VALUES THAT WOULD BE
EXPECTED UNDER EQUILIBRIUM CYCLE CONDITIONS ARE TABULATED. (1 GRAPH, 16
REFERENCES, 5 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *88-081320
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROCEDURES FOR THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF
UNDERGROUND DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES: RESEARCH FUNDED BY
THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT 1982-1987,
THOMPSON B. G. UK DEPT OF ENV,
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT & THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE, 1987,
V9, N1-3, P215(42)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE DURING 1982-87, THE UK DEPT. OF ENV. FUNDED EXTENSIVE RESEARCH
ENDEAVORS TO DEVELOP A PROCEDURE FOR POST-CLOSURE RISK ASSESSMENT OF
UNDERGROUND DISPOSAL FACILITIES FOR LOW- AND INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE
WASTES.THIS PROCEDURE IS BASED ON PROBABILISTIC RISK ANALYSIS AND USES THE MONTE
CARLO SIMULATION PROGRAMS SYVAC A/C AND TIME2.THE PROCEDURE IS BEING ADVANCED
BY MEANS OF A SERIES OF TRIAL ASSESSMENTS WHICH ARE DESCRIBED TOGETHER WITH
RESULTS OF SUBSEQUENT EXPLORATORY STUDIES OF A POSSIBLE SHALLOW ENGINEERED
72
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TRENCH FACILITY PROPOSED BY INDUSTRY FOR LOW-LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL. THE
PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT METHOD IS SHOWN TO BE MORE JUSTIFIABLE THAN USE
OF BEST ESTIMATES. (11 DIAGRAMS, 15 GRAPHS, 30 REFERENCES, 2 TABLES) Enviroline
Number: 88-081314
Development of Risk Criteria for the Whole Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Final Report
for the Period 1 September 1983 - 30 September 1987
Bode, G.
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria).
Corp. Source Codes: 014014000; 3294000
Report No.: IAEA-R-3543-F
Feb 88 66p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8907
RELEASE computer code.
U.S. Sales Only.
NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01
Country of Publication: Other
(NTIS)
Methods were developed for intercomparison of the risks arising from normal operation of
different energy producing systems, for determination of socially acceptable security level of
the energy supply, and for estimation of short and medium range transport of radioactive
airborn materials. A computer program was developed for the quick evaluation of situations
arising from accidental radioactive releases from the nuclear power plants. In the production
of electrical energy/heat the intercomparison to other forms of energy can be limited to the
comparison of the effects of airborn pollutants, because other possible harmful effects are
practically the same for all energy production systems. When the effects of a given source are
to be determined, all other realistically possible solutions also have to be investigated. For
the determination of public risk arising from different energy production systems
intercomparison calculations are performed. The air pollution transport models, with
suitable parameters, are effective tools for the risk intercomparison calculations. In each of
the investigated cases, nuclear versus conventional heating plant, and nuclear versus
conventional power plant, the results definitely showed that the nuclear variant produces a
fairly lower public risk than the conventional one. The security of the energy supply from the
consumer's viewpoint was considered an important aspect in the public risk analysis
economically as well as generally.
Figs, tabs. (Atomindex citation 19:069451) DE88703145/XAB
Evaluation of Environmental Change and Its Effects on the Radiological
Performance of a Hypothetical Shallow Engineered Disposal Facility at
Elstow, Redfordshire
Department of the Environment, London (England). Radioactive
Waste Div.
Corp. Source Codes: 034686003; 9050563
Sponsor: Dames and Moore International, Twickenham (UK).
Report No.: DDE/RW-87.124
Mar 88 146p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8903; NSA1300
U.S. Sales Only.
73
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NTIS Prices: PC A07/MF A01
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
(NTIS)
The results of a project designed to evaluate aspects of a hypothetical facility for disposal of
radioactive wastes at Elstow, Bedfordshire, are described. The project included modelling of
environmental change using the TIME2 code, groundwater flow modelling, biosphere modelling
and risk analysis using the SYVAC A/C code. The aims of the work were to demonstrate use of
TIME2, investigate the evolution of the facility's environment and to evaluate the influence of
environmental change on estimates of radiological risk. Risk analysis of several time-
independent environmental system states, using data obtained from the other tasks, indicated
that environmental changes significantly influence estimates of radiological risk. (ERA
citation 13:042793) DE88753404/XAB
EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR RADIONUCLIDE TRANSPORT IN THE PRESENCE OF
PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY,
ROBINSON P. C. AND ; HODGKINSON D. P. HARWELL LAB, UK,
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT & THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE, 1987,
V8, N4, P283(29)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE EXACT SOLUTIONS ARE PRESENTED TO EQUATIONS DESCRIBING THE TIME-
DEPENDENT RISK ARISING FROM THE MIGRATION OF RADIONUCLIDES FROM AN
UNDERGROUND WASTE REPOSITORY. PARAMETER UNCERTAINTIES ARE INCORPORATED BY
INTEGRATING OVER THE LAPLACE-TRANSFORMED SOLUTION TO THE SOURCE TERM AND
GEOSPHERE MODEL, YIELDING ANALYTICAL EXPRESSIONS WHICH ARE NUMERICALLY
INVERTED TO THE TIME DOMAIN. RESULTS ILLUSTRATE THE CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF
UNCERTAINTIES IN THE CONTAMINANT TIME, RELEASE RATE, GROUNDWATER VELOCITY,
RETARDATION FACTOR, AND PATH LENGTH. (6 GRAPHS, 20 REFERENCES, 2 TABLES)
Enviroline Number: 88-071293
For the Interim, the Proposed Central Estimate and Range in EPA's
(Environmental Protection Agency's) Low-LET Risk Estimate for Regulatory
Purposes are Acceptable
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science
Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/RAC-88/041
9 Sep 88 7p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8901
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The EPA Science Advisory Board's (SAB) Radiation Advisory Committee has reviewed EPA's
Low-LET Risk Estimate for Regulatory Purposes and determined that, on an interim basis, the
nominal central estimate of 400 fatal cancers and a range of 120-1200 additional fatal
cancers per million persons exposed to one rad of low-LET radiation is acceptable. However,
several important reports and radiation risks are expected within the year which could alter
74
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the understanding of their magnitude. The reports are based, in part, on new information from
Japan on the survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The SAB urges EPA
to take the findings and conclusions of such reports into account in the development of final
regulations on radionuclides in the environment. PB89-105043/XAB
Methods for Cost-Benefit-Risk Analysis of Material-Accounting Upgrades
Fishbone, L G. ; Gordon, D. M. ; Higinbotham, W. ; Keisch,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Corp. Source Codes: 004545000; 0936000
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: BNL-41513; CONF-880631-49
1988 10p
Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8906; NSA1300
29. annual meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials
Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 Jun 1988.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC02-76CH00016
(NTIS)
We have developed a cost-benefit-risk methodology for evaluating material-accounting
upgrades at key measurement points in nuclear facilities. The focus of this methodology is on
nuclear-material measurements and their effects on inventory differences and
shipper/receiver differences. The methodology has three main components: Cost, Benefits, and
Risk. The fundamental outcome of the methodology is therefore cost-benefit ratios
characterizing the proposed upgrades, with the risk factors applied as necessary to the
benefits. Examples illustrate the methodology's use. 10 refs., 3 figs., 6 tabs. (ERA citation
13:050861) DE88015859/XAB
Microcomputer-Based Probabilistic Risk Assessment for Nuclear Power Plant
Safety Studies
Van Siclen, V. S. ; Russell, K. D. ; Sattison, M. B. ;
Stewart, H. D.
EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls.
Corp. Source Codes: 046580000; 9507781
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: EGG-M-05387; CONF-870669-3
1987 8p
Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8820; NSA1300
Society of Women Engineers national convention, Kansas City,
MO, USA, 24 dun 1987, Portions of this document are illegible
in microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC07-76ID01570
(NTIS)
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Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) information in the analysis of safety issues pertaining to
nuclear power plant systems has been underutilized in the past due to the large effort required
to input the PRA data and to the large size of the computers needed to run PRA codes. The
microcomputer-based Integrated Reliability and Risk Analysis System (IRRAS) and the
System Analysis and Risk Assessment System (SARA), recently developed at the Idaho National
Engineering Laboratory, have greatly enhanced the ability of nuclear power plant analysts to
use PRA techniques in their decision-making and analysis of safety issues. IRRAS is a tool for
modeling and analyzing systems reliability and risk that allows the analyst to create, modify,
update, and reanalyze a plant PRA to keep the risk assessment current with the plant's
configuration and operation. The PRA is created and edited using a graphical fault tree editor,
which significantly enhances the speed and accuracy with which the PRA data can be
manipulated. The SARA system, incorporating the PRA data input in IRRAS, is used to analyze
safety issues in nuclear power plants. To simulate changes to plant systems, SARA users alter
the failure rates of basic events of the plant system models. They then evaluate the
significance of these changes through the calculation of the resultant core damage and accident
sequence probabilities and importance measures. IRRAS and SARA demonstrate that reliability
and risk analysis studies of nuclear power plants, as well as of any other complex systems
such as chemical plants or the space shuttle, can be performed very effectively on
microcomputers, providing powerful and flexible tools for the safety analyst. (ERA citation
13:030349) DE88006804/XAB
THE NIREX SAFETY ASSESSMENT RESEARCH PROGRAMME ON NEAR-FIELD
EFFECTS IN CEMENTITIOUS REPOSITORIES
HODGKINSON D. P. HARWELL LAB, UK,
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT & THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE, 1987,
V9, N1-3, P257(52)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE UK NIREX SAFETY ASSESSMENT R SEARCH PROGRAMME FOCUSES ON
THE NEAR-FIELD EFFECTS OF LOW- AND INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN
CEMENTITIOUS REPOSITORIES. PROCESSES WHICH COULD LEAD TO RADIOACTIVITY
RETURNING TO THE BIOSPHERE ARE BEING STUDIED THEORETICALLY AND EXPERIMENTALLY.
THE RESULTANT KNOWLEDGE IS SYNTHESIZED INTO MATHEMATICAL MODELS WHICH ARE
USED TO EXTRAPOLATE THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT PROCESSES INTO THE
DISTANT FUTURE. RESEARCH TOPICS ADDRESSED INCLUDE CORROSION OF WASTE
CONTAINERS, CONCRETE PROPERTIES, SOLUBILITY LIMITS, SORPTION, NATURAL ORGANICS,
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC MATERIALS, EQUILIBRIUM LEACH TESTS, GAS
GENERATION, AND ASSESSMENT MODELING. RESULTS TO DATE INDICATE THAT THE NEAR-
FIELD CAN PROVIDE A HIGH DEGREE OF PROTECTION REGARDLESS OF THAT PROVIDED BY THE
FAR-FIELD. (5 GRAPHS, 56 REFERENCES, 4 TABLES) Enviroline Number: 88-081315
OCEAN DISPOSAL OF NUCLEAR WASTES,
VAN DYKE JON M. UNIV OF HAWAII,
MARINE POLICY, APR 88, V12, N2, P82(14)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE BECAUSE OF THE OPPOSITION TO OCEAN DUMPING OF RADIOACTIVE
WASTES, COUPLED WITH A CONTINUING NEED TO FIND SOME ACCEPTABLE SITE FOR THESE
WASTES, SCIENTISTS HAVE EXAMINED AND EVALUATED THE ACTUAL RISKS CREATED BY
OCEAN DISPOSAL. FOUR STUDIES PUBLISHED IN RECENT YEARS ON THIS TOPIC ARE
REVIEWED. MOST GROUPS AGREE THAT MORE MONITORING IS NECESSARY AND THAT MORE
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BASELINE STUDIES BE UNDERTAKEN BEFORE PASSING JUDGMENT ON THIS OPTION.
DEFICIENCIES IN A JAPANESE ENV. SAFETY ASSESSMENT SCRUTINIZING A PROPOSAL FOR THE
OCEAN DUMPING OF LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES ARE HIGHLIGHTED. AS THE OCEAN
ENVIRONMENT IS STILL RELATIVELY UNEXPLORED IN MANY RESPECTS, A STRONG CASE CAN
BE MADE IN FAVOR OF CONTINUING THE PRESENT MORATORIUM ON OCEAN DUMPING WHILE
ADDITIONAL RESEARCH IS PERFORMED. (62 REFERENCES) Enviroline Number: 89-000316
Proposed Low-Level Radioactive Waste Standards: Draft Background
Information Document, March 13, 1985
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science
Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/RAC-86/002
28 Oct 85 94p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Radiation Advisory Committee of the Science Advisory Board reviewed the EPA's March
13, 1985-draft Background Information Document to accompany the Agency's proposed
standards on low-level radioactive waste disposal. The Committee addressed eleven issues
associated with the draft document. The Radiation Advisory Committee believes that the
Background Information Document, on the whole, provides a reasonable presentation of the
potential sources and risks associated with the disposal of low-level radioactive wastes. There
are however deficiencies in parts of the document. To remedy these the Committee has
suggested extensive revisions, which should be made before publication of the Background
Information Document. PB88-241252/XAB
Qualitative PRA Insights for Use in the Design Process for ALWRs
Leaver, D. E. ; Krantz, E. A.
IT-Delian Corp., San Jose, CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 092141000; 9523888
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: EGG-M-34887; CONF-880506-1
1988 10p
Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8820; NSA1300
Safety of next generation power reactors, Seattle, WA, USA,
1 May 1988.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC07-76ID01570
(NTIS)
A method has been developed for identifying and classifying qualitative design insights from
probabilistic risk assessments and related studies that should be considered in the design of
advanced light water reactors. These qualitative design insights may be used in the
preliminary design stage when the lack of design detail makes it difficult to perform
77
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quantitative risk analysis. These insights are easily accessible through use of a
microcomputer-based data base system and may be used to provide designers with risk-
related "lessons learned" from existing plant system designs. (ERA citation 13:030353)
DE88007725/XAB
R And D Program on Radioactive Waste Disposal into Geological Formations
(Study of a Clay Formation)
Centre d'Etude de I'Energie Nucleaire, M.
Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
Corp. Source Codes: 048489000; 1910850
Report No.: EUR-11025
1987 220p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824; NSA1300
U.S. Sales Only.
NTIS Prices: PC A10/MF A01
Country of Publication: Other
(NTIS)
This report deals with the R and D activities performed by the Belgian Nuclear Research
Establishment (SCK/CEN) and its subcontractors concerning the disposal of high-level and
long-life conditioned wastes in a deep clay formation, the Boom clay. The studies reported
concern equally experimental as theoretical work spread over the following research issues:
geochemical characterization of the Boom clay, modelling of radionuclide migration in the clay
environment, irradiation effects and corrosion behaviour of candidate canister materials in
the Boom clay, geomechanical, construction, backfilling and sealing studies related to
underground facilities, regional hydrological investigations of the Mol site and safety and risk
analysis. The geomechanical and construction-related studies are to a large extent focused on
in situ research, performed along the construction of the underground Hades laboratory. The
corrosion studies are also dealing with the preparation of in situ experiments in the same
underground laboratory. These various research issues are meant to contribute to the
assessment of the technical feasibility and safety of the geological disposal in an argillaceous
host formation. (ERA citation 13:024150) DE88752570/XAB
RADIONUCLIDES IN DRINKING WATER,
LOWRY JERRY D. (UNIV OF MAINE) AND ; LOWRY SYLVIA B. (LOWRY
ENGINEERING, ME),
AWWA U, JUL 88, V80, N7, P50(15)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE AN ASSESSMENT OF RESEARCH NEEDS, WHICH ALSO PROVIDED
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON COMPLETED AND ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS, SHOWED
THAT RN-222 REPRESENTS THE MOST SERIOUS THREAT TO HEALTH OF ALL THE
RADIONUCLIDES IN DRINKING WATER, LEADING TO THE ANTICIPATION THAT THE NEW
MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS FOR THESE SUBSTANCES COULD BE SET AT A RELATIVELY
LOW LEVEL. SMALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SUPPLIES WERE IDENTIFIED AS BEING MORE
VULNERABLE TO RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATION THAN PUBLIC SYSTEMS SERVING MORE
THAN A FEW HUNDRED PEOPLE, BUT MORE INVESTIGATION IS NEEDED TO ASSESS THE EXTENT
OF THE EXPOSURE AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK. THE PREVIOUS BELIEF THAT HIGH LEVELS OF
RN-222 ARE CONFINED TO A FEW GEOGRAPHIC AREAS WAS FOUND TO BE FALSE. (4 PHOTOS,
93 REFERENCES, 11 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *88-081300
78
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Response to Request to Provide Assistance in Establishing Emergency Criteria
Applicable to Elevated Indoor Radon Concentrations. Structures Built on the
Reading Prong
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science
Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/RAC-86/005
5 Nov 85 6p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
On September 4, 1985 Mr. Sheldon Mayers, the Acting Director of the Agency's Office of
Radiation Programs, requested the assistance of the Science Advisory Board in establishing
emergency criteria applicable to elevated indoor radon concentrations in structures built on
the Reading Prong. (1) Is a range of relative risk coefficients of 1.2 to 2.8 percent a
reasonable range for the Agency to use in evaluating the risks associated with exposures at and
above various alternative interim emergency action levels for the Reading Prong. (2) Are
there any special considerations that should be taken into account in calculating the risks
associated with short-term exposures to radon decay products versus lifetime exposures.
PB88-241245/XAB
Review Of Studies Related to Uncertainty in Risk Analysis
Rish, W. R. ; Marnicio, R. U.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Corp. Source Codes: 021310000; 4832000
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: ORNL/TM-10776
Aug 88 144p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8905; NSA1300
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
NTIS Prices: PC A07/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC05-840R21400
(NTIS)
The Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) is responsible for
regulating on a national level the risks associated with technological sources of ionizing
radiation in the environment. A critical activity of the ORP is analyzing and evaluating risk.
The ORP believes that the analysis of uncertainty should be an integral part of any risk
assessment; therefore, the ORP has initiated a project to develop framework for the treatment
of uncertainty in risk analysis. Summaries of recent studies done in five areas of study are
presented. (ERA citation 13:049624) DE88015335/XAB
79
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Risk Assessment Of Subsidiary Nuclear Technologies
Kalchev, B. ; Ilieva, S. ; Jordanova, P. ; Andreev, P.
Energoprojekt, Sofia (Bulgaria).
Corp. Source Codes: 081222000; 2372650
Report No.: INIS-MF-11178
1984 10p
Languages: Bulgarian
Journal Announcement: GRAI8901
In Bulgarian. National conference on thermal and nuclear
power problems in Bulgaria, Varna, Bulgaria, 17 May 1984.
U.S. Sales Only.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: Bulgaria
(NTIS)
The results from a risk assessment for processing, transportation and storage of radioactive
wastes and for spent fuel storage and transportation are presented. Use of bituments for waste
processing is assumed. A comparative risk analysis for nuclear reactor operation and
subsidiary technologies is given. (Atomindex citation 19:051231) DE88702604/XAB
Science Advisory Board Endorses the Range of Risks Presented by EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency) in Radon Risk Estimates
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science
Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/RAC-88/042
9 Sep 88 8p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The EPA Science Advisory Board's (SAB) Radiation Advisory Committee endorses the range of
risk estimates proposed by EPA's Office of Radiation Programs in Radon Risk Estimates. The
Committee recommends EPA not attempt to develop still another model for radon and radon
daughter risk estimation and projection, but urges the use of existing technical consensus
reports. Three important technical consensus reports on radon risks are of potential use to
EPA. None of these reports is clearly pre-eminent; each has its strengths and weaknesses
which reflect the uncertain state of knowledge in particular areas. Two of these reports
appear to have greater utility for EPA. PB89-105019/XAB
80
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UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSES IN EVALUATING RISK OF HIGH LEVEL
WASTE REPOSITORY,
KIM TAE WOON KOREA ADVANCED INST OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, S
KOREA,; CHANG SOON HEUNG ; LEE BYUNG HO
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT & THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE, 1988,
V10, N4, P321(36)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE SOME METHODS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR THE PROBABILISTIC RISK
ASSESSMENT OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORIES. AS THE REPOSITORY
SYSTEM IS CHARACTERIZED BY HIGHLY UNCERTAIN INPUT PARAMETERS, THE EVALUATED
RISK FOR SOME INPUT VALUES ALSO HAS HIGH UNCERTAINTY. A PREVIOUSLY DEVELOPED
PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL IS USED TO DISCUSS THE APPLICABILITY AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIOUS UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS METHODS. THE
RESULTING UNCERTAINTY OF PROBABLE RELEASE RATE OF EACH RADIONUCLIDE IS
DISTRIBUTED THREE OR FOUR ORDERS AND LEACHING RATES OF WASTE GLASS APPEAR TO BE
THE MOST DOMINANT SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY. (2 DIAGRAMS, 10 GRAPHS, 49
REFERENCES, 8 TABLES) Enviroline Number: 88-091321
ECOLOGICAL RISK
Analysis of untreated drinking water from Lake Ontario: Results and risk
assessment
Fitch, D.E.; Bellandi, R.; Tifft, E.G.; Robinson, J.P.
Onandaga Cty. Metrop. Water Board
31st Conference on Great Lakes Research 8825012 Hamilton
(Canada) 17-20 May 1988
International Association for Great Lakes Research
Conference Services, Commons Building 101B, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L85
4K1 (Canada), Poster Paper
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
ASSESSING THE RISK OF VIOLATING STREAM WATER QUALITY STANDARDS,
HATHHORN WADE E. AND ; TUNG YEOU-KOUNG UNIV OF WYOMING,
J ENV MANAGEMENT, JUN 88, V26, N4, P321(18)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE A METHOD IS PRESENTED FOR QUANTIFYING THE JOINT RISK ASSOCIATED
WITH DISSOLVED OXYGEN DEFICITS EXCEEDING A SPECIFIED STANDARD AND THE LENGTH OF
SUCH VIOLATIONS WITHIN A STREAM ENVIRONMENT. TECHNIQUES ARE EMPLOYED UTILIZING
THE STREETER-PHELPS EQUATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH MONTE CARLO SIMULATION.
FLEXIBILITY IS PROVIDED IN THE FORMULATION BY ALLOWING SEVERAL PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS TO BE ASSIGNED TO EACH PARAMETER IN THE MODEL. A SENSITIVITY
ANALYSIS IS ALSO PERFORMED ON THE JOINT RISK FOR THE VARIOUS PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS AND STATISTICAL PROPERTIES ASSUMED FOR EACH PARAMETER. (15
GRAPHS, 20 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE) Enviroline Number: *88-081373
81
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Assessment of Potential Toxic Problems in Non-Urban Areas of Puget Sound
(Final rept)
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Corp. Source Codes: 071784000
Sponsor: Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.; Battelle Ocean Sciences. Duxbury, MA.
Report No.: EPA/503/3-88/002
Aug 88 190p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8907
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X, and Battelle Ocean Sciences, Duxbury, MA.
NTIS Prices: PC AO9/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-03-3319; EPA-68-02-4341
(NTIS)
The report compiles and interprets information on potential environmental degradation from
toxic chemical contaminants in non-urban areas within Puget Sound. Prior to the publication,
information on toxic contaminants in the areas of concern was scattered among numerous
locations in forms not readily usable. The objectives of the study were (1) to identify, by
interpreting existing information, non-urban areas in Puget Sound that may have serious
contamination or biological problems, and (2) to prioritize those areas for future detailed
studies. Of the 97 non-urban areas of Puget Sound evaluated in the study by the Environmental
Assessment Matrix technique, only 6 received a ranking of HIGH which may qualify them for
consideration as sites for future, detailed investigations. The areas of significant concern are:
the Guemes/Fidalgo Channel, Port Angeles Harbor, Crescent Harbor, Richmond Beach, Liberty
Bay, and East Passage. PB89-134332/XAB
Comparative risk assessment of technologies to treat soil and debris wastes
Reis, U.; Tilly, J.; Offutt, C.
GIF Technol., Inc., Fairfax, VA
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer
National Meeting 8830985 Denver, CD (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street. New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
7
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Concept for ecological risk assessment
Volmer, U.
Fraunhofer-lnst., Schmallenberg, FRG
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in Environment 8835010 University of
Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
82
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DIAGNOSTIC VARIABLES AS PREDICTORS OF ECOLOGICAL RISK,
JOHNSON ALAN R. ORNL,
ENV MANAGEMENT, JUL 88, V12, N4, P515(9)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE PROCESS OF SELECTING DIAGNOSTIC VARIABLES AND CRITERIA IN THE
CONTEXT OF AN ECOLOGICAL SIMULATION MODEL IS EXAMINED. THE STATE OF AN ECOSYSTEM
IS REPRESENTED BY X, A MULTIDIMENSIONAL STATE VECTOR. THE GOAL OF ECOSYSTEM
MANAGEMENT IS TO INSURE THAT THE ECOSYSTEM REMAINS WITHIN SOME SET X OF
ACCEPTABLE STATES. IF THE VECTOR OF DIAGNOSTIC VARIABLES IS FOUND TO BE WITHIN A
SPECIFIED SET, THE STATE VECTOR X IS PREDICTED TO BE WITHIN X. THE SELECTION AND
USE OF SUCH DIAGNOSTIC VARIABLES IS EXPLORED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF AN AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM SIMULATION MODEL. THE ADEQUACY OF A DIAGNOSTIC CRITERION AS A
PREDICTOR OF ECOLOGICAL RISK IS DEMONSTRATED TO BE A FUNCTION OF THE ASSOCIATED
RATES OF TYPE I AND TYPE II STATISTICAL ERRORS. (1 DIAGRAM, 5 GRAPHS, 14
REFERENCES) Enviroline Number: *89-000238
Dyestuffs and the environment: A risk assessment
Brown, D.; Anliker, R.
ICI, Brixham, UK
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 8835010 University of Surrey (UK) 11 14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
FACTORS AFFECTING METAL TOXICITY TO (AND ACCUMULATION BY) AQUATIC
ORGANISMS-OVERVIEW,
WANG WUNCHENG ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY.
ENV INTL, 1987, V13, N6, P437(21)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THIS LITERATURE REVIEW ENCOMPASSES AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL
TOXICITIES OF METALS AND METALLOIDS. THE EMPHASIS IS ON THE INFLUENCING FACTORS
ON METAL TOXICITY TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS. THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON
METAL UPTAKE ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. THE FACTORS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO BIOTIC AND
ABIOTIC. THESE FACTORS CAN ALTER METAL TOXICITY IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
SUBSTANTIALLY. THE LITERATURE SHOWS DIVERGENT RESULTS. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE RESULTS OF
STANDARD TOXICITY TESTS AND SITE-SPECIFIC CONDITIONS WHICH CAN MODERATE METAL
TOXICITY CONSIDERABLY. (37 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE) Enviroline Number: *88-071154
83
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GREAT LAKES SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD 1987 REPORT,
US-CANADA INTL JOINT COMMISSION REPORT, NOV 87 (91)
(ENVIROLINE)
FED GOVT REPORT RECOMMENDATIONS MADE BY THE GREAT LAKES SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
FOR ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF PERSISTENT TOXIC CHEMICALS IN THE GREAT LAKES, AND
FOR REALIZING AN ECOSYSTEMS APPROACH TO MANAGING HUMAN USES AND ABUSES OF THE
BASIN ARE COMPILED. THE US-CANADA INTL JOINT COMMISSION SHOULD ENSURE THAT
THERE IS A UNIFIED INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY PREVENTION PLAN WHICH ENCOURAGES
GREAT LAKES JURISDICTIONS TO ESTABLISH A CLEAR DELINEATION OF RESPONSIBILITY AND
PROVIDES RESOURCES TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES, THUS MINIMIZING THE RISK AND IMPACT OF
SPILLS. RISK ANALYSIS SHOULD BE USED FOR DETERMINING THE RELATIVE RISKS
ASSOCIATED WITH POLLUTION AND OTHER PERTURBATIONS TO LAKE BIOTA AND REGIONAL
HUMAN POPULATIONS. RECOMMENDATIONS ON MONITORING, SURVEILLANCE, AND RESEARCH
ARE INCLUDED (4 DIAGRAMS, 2 PHOTOS, 18 REFERENCES, 3 TABLES) DIALOG File 6: NTIS -
64-89/ISS08 (COPR. 1989 NTIS) Enviroline Number: *88-081434
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation Procedure: Guidance Document
for Conducting Terrestrial Field Studies
File, E. C. ; Turner, L W. ; Cook, N. J. ; Stunkard, C.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Pesticide Programs.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287124
Report No.: EPA/540/09-88/109
Sep 88 66p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8903
See also PB83-153908.
NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The document is a technical paper intended to provide guidance on how to design and perform
terrestrial field studies relative to data requirements under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act as amended (FIFRA, P.L. 92-516). The paper discusses when the Agency
requires these tests, their objective and suggests a general approach and some experimental
designs which could be used to address Agency's concerns. A variety of basic wildlife
investigative methods which have been found useful in these type of studies are briefly
reviewed along with adequate references to assist scientists planning to undertake a study to
support a Federal Pesticide Registration. PB89-124580/XAB
A HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT: A
CONVERGENCE IN ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL THINKING?,
SIMPSON R. W. GRIFFITH UNIV, AUSTRALIA,
ENV MANAGEMENT, MAY 88, V12, N3, P285(11)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE EFFICACY OF TRADITIONAL AIR POLLUTION MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
IN CONTROLLING THE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION IS EXAMINED IN THE CONTEXT OF A HUMAN
ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK. THE BIOHISTORICAL/BIOSOCIAL ANALYSIS OF CURRENT AIR
QUALITY MANAGEMENT TOOLS ASSESSES THEIR EFFECTIVENESS IN PROTECTING THE OVERALL
84
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HEALTH OF BOTH HUMANS AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. THE UNCERTAINTIES INHERENT
IN AIR POLLUTION MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WHICH EMERGE HIGHLIGHT THE NEED TO
REDUCE EMISSIONS RATHER THAN RELY ON SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TO DEFINE CLEAN AIR.
ROLES FOR RESEARCH ARE IDENTIFIED IN VARIOUS AREAS SUCH AS ATMOSPHERIC MODELS,
HEALTH EFFECTS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE. RECOMMENDATIONS STRESS THE NEED FOR
THE INTRODUCTION OF SUCH INCENTIVES TO REDUCE EMISSIONS AS ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS
AND WARN AGAINST USING HEALTH INFORMATION TO DEFINE CLEAN AIR. (2 DIAGRAMS, 19
REFERENCES, 4 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *88-081038
Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations Phase 1 Toxicity
Characterization Procedures
Mount, D. I. ; Anderson-Carnahan, L.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Corp. Source Codes: 049474000
Report No.: EPA/600/3-88/034
Sep 88 68p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8905
NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The manual describes procedures for characterizing the physical/chemical nature of toxicants
in acutely toxic effluent samples. To detect the presence and potency of the toxicants as the
sample is manipulated, the measurement of toxicity using organisms is helpful. The final step
is to separate the toxicants from other sample constituents to simplify the analytical process.
Usually the toxicants must be concentrated for analysis. Sample manipulations to alter
toxicity include: sparging, pH change, filtration, solid phase extraction and addition of
chelating and reducing agents. The results will often reveal information about the
physical/chemical characteristics of the toxicants. PB89-125934/XAB
OIL WELL DRILLING FLUIDS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND
BIOLOGICAL IMPACT (HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICALS),
KANZ JAMES E. AND ; CRAVEY MELANIE 0. TEXAS A&M UNIV,
HEMISPHERE PUBLISHING CORP REPORT, 1987, V5, P291(131)
(ENVIROLINE)
BOOK ABOUT 110,000 TPY OF USED OIL WELL DRILLING FLUIDS ARE DISCHARGED TO THE
OCEAN IN THE US. CONCERN HAS BEEN EXPRESSED THAT THE DISCHARGE OF FLUIDS
CONTAINING A MIXTURE OF NONTOXIC AND TOXIC CHEMICALS COULD BE DAMAGING TO MARINE
ECOSYSTEMS AND FISHERIES, AND ULTIMATELY POSE A HEALTH HAZARD TO CONSUMERS. A
REVIEW OF THIS PROBLEM FIRST FOCUSES ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
DRILLING MUD COMPONENTS, DISCUSSES THE PHYSICAL IMPACT OF MUDS ON THE
ENVIRONMENT, AND DESCRIBES ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING MUD
COMPOSITION THE BIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF MUD DISPOSAL IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT IS
THEN EXAMINED THROUGH SYNOPSES OF ACUTE, CHRONIC, AND SUBLETHAL TOXICITY
STUDIES. HEAVY METAL BIOACCUMULATION RESEARCH AND CURRENT REGULATIONS FOR
DRILLING FLUID DISCHARGE ARE ALSO COVERED. (99 REFERENCES, 8 TABLES)
85
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QSAR and risk assessment in the aquatic environment
Lipnick, R.L.
EPA, USA
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 8835010 University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Report of the Ecological Risk Assessment Review Subcommittee: Review of the
Office of Research and Development's Ecological Risk Assessment Program
(Final report)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science
Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EC-87/017
16 Jan 87 27p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Ecological Risk Assessment Research Review Subcommittee's major conclusion was that
the overall concept of ecological risk assessment developed in the program is comprehensive,
scientifically ambitious, and sets forth a research direction for the long-term (perhaps
twenty years). In the short-term (five-year), it is not achievable as planned, particularly
because some of the key elements (density-dependent population, community and ecosystem
mechanistic models) are based on an incomplete understanding of the fundamental
mechanisms. However, the research staff have made a promising start in identifying some of
the major issues the program should address. PB88-241203/XAB
Review of Ecological Risk Assessment Methods
(Final rept.)
Norton, S. ; McVey, M. ; Colt, U. ; Durda, B. ; Hegner, R.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Corp. Source Codes: 091184000
Sponsor: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Report No.: EPA/230/10-88/041
Nov 88 181p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8907
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
NTIS Prices: PC AO9/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-01-7489
(NTIS)
86
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The report provides a review of several of the methods developed by EPA and other Federal and
State agencies for assessing ecological impacts or risks associated with the release of toxic or
hazardous substances into the environment.lncluded is a review of legislative or executive
directives under which ecological assessment methods have been developed. Three general
objectives of ecological assessments are identified and discussed qualitative and quantitative
methods are discussed, and 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' approaches are compared. Individual
reviews of twenty ecological assessment methods focus on four major components of ecological
risk assessment: receptor characterization, hazard assessment, exposure assessment, and
risk characterization. PB89-134357/XAB
Risk Analysis Model for Marine Mammals and Seabirds: A Southern California
Bight Scenario
(Final rept.)
Ford, R. G.
Ecological Consulting, San Diego, CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 093217000
Sponsor: Minerals Management Service. Los Angeles, CA.
Pacific OCS Region.
Report No.: MMS-85/0104
May 85 264p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8905
Sponsored by Minerals Management Service, Los Angeles, CA.
Pacific OCS Region.
NTIS Prices: PC A12/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: DI-14-12-0001-30224
(NTIS)
The objective of the study was to model the risks to selected species of marine mammal and
seabird populations in the Southern California Bight from oil spills during OCS oil and gas
development and operations. Risk analysis is a procedure designed to investigate the possible
negative effects of projects and activities. The conventional approach to analyzing oil and gas
reserves is through the use of the MMS Oil Spill Risk Analysis Model (OSRAM). OSRAM was
developed to aid in estimating the environmental hazards of developing oil resources in OCS
lease areas Two other computer models were used in these analyses. They are: (2) the short
term oil response model, STORM and (3) the oil spill population response model, OSPREY. In
the report, a methodology for describing the range of consequences which oil spills might have
on Southern California Bight seabird and marine mammal populations and the likelihood of
those effects were developed. Two general categories of spill consequences were examined: (1)
the immediate mortality to a population caused by a spill from a given source, and (2) the
long term marine mammal and seabird populations effects of the projected Southern California
Bight OCS development PB89-126684/XAB
RISK ANALYSIS OF AQUIFER CONTAMINATION BY BRINE,
HOBBS BENJAMIN F. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,; VON PATTERSON
CARL ; MACIEBOWSKI M. E.; HAIMES YACOV Y.
J WATER RESOURCES PLANNING & MANAGEMENT-ASCE, NOV 88, V114, N6, P667(19)
(ENVIROLINE)
87
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JOURNAL ARTICLE A MODEL IS DERIVED FOR ESTIMATING THE RISKS OF GROUNDWATER
CONTAMINATION ARISING FROM THE UNDERGROUND INJECTION OF LIQUID WASTES. THE
MODEL IS APPLIED TO THE CONTROVERSIAL OIL AND GAS BRINE DISPOSAL PRACTICE OF
ANNULAR DISPOSAL. MODEL INPUTS INCLUDE HYDRDGEOLOGIC PARAMETERS, THE
RELIABILITY OF WASTE DISPOSAL, AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA. OUTPUTS ARE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE NUMBER OF RURAL DOMESTIC WELLS OR MUNICIPAL GROUNDWATER
WELL FIELDS THAT MAY BE CONTAMINATED. THE ECONOMIC COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE
RISKS OF ANNULAR DISPOSAL IN OHIO ARE AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE SMALLER THAN THE
BENEFITS OF THE PRACTICE (4 GRAPHS, 27 REFERENCES, 4 TABLES) Enviroline Number:
*89-001015
Risk Analysis of Earth Return Options for the Mars Rover/Sample Return
Mission
Eagle Engineering, Inc., Webster, TX
Corp. Source Codes: 073077000; EA098498
Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC.
Report No.: NAS 1,26:172081; EE-88-183; NASA-CR-172081
13 Jul 88 141p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8905; STAR2702
NTIS Prices: PC A07/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: NAS9-17878
(NTIS)
Four options for return of a Mars surface sample to Earth were studied to estimate the risk of
mission failure and the risk of a sample container breach that might result in the release of
Martian life forms, should such exist, in the Earth's biosphere. The probabilities calculated
refer only to the time period from the last midcourse correction burn to possession of the
sample on Earth. Two extreme views characterize this subject. In one view, there is no life on
Mars, therefore there is no significant risk and no serious effort is required to deal with back
contamination. In the other view, public safety overrides any desire to return Martian
samples, and any risk of damaging contamination greater than zero is unacceptable. Zero risk
requires great expense to achieve and may prevent the mission as currently envisioned from
taking place. The major conclusion is that risk of sample container breach can be reduced to a
very low number within the framework of the mission as now envisioned, but significant
expense and effort, above that currently planned is needed. There are benefits to the public
that warrant some risk. Martian life, if it exists, will be a major discovery. If it does not,
there is no risk.
River Danube pollution and its risk assessment
Benedek, P.
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 8835010 University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
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SHOULD REGULATORY CRITERIA AND STANDARDS BE BASED ON MULTISPECIES
EVIDENCE?,
CAIRNS JR. JOHN VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST & STATE UNIV,
ENV PROFESSIONAL, 1988, V10, N2, P157(9)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE SINGLE SPECIES TOXICITY TESTS ARE USED TO ESTABLISH REGULATORY
CRITERIA AND STANDARDS TO PROTECT AQUATIC ORGANISMS IN THE US. SOMETIMES THE
TEST SPECIES MAY NOT INHABIT THE WATER BODY IN WHICH THE TOXICANTS OCCUR. THE
PRACTICE OF USING SINGLE SPECIES TESTS TO PREDICT RESPONSES AT HIGHER LEVELS OF
BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION HAS BEEN FREQUENTLY QUESTIONED, BUT THERE HAS STILL BEEN
A RELUCTANCE TO USE MULTISPECIES EVIDENCE IN CONJUNCTION WITH SINGLE SPECIES
EVIDENCE TO DEVELOP REGULATORY CRITERIA AND STANDARDS. IT IS SCIENTIFICALLY
UNJUSTIFIABLE TO EXTRAPOLATE FROM THE RESPONSE AT ONE LEVEL OF BIOLOGICAL
ORGANIZATION, SINGLE SPECIES, TESTED IN LABORATORY SYSTEMS TO THE RESPONSE AT
HIGHER LEVELS IN COMPLEX, HIGHLY VARIABLE NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS. (1 DIAGRAM, 1 MAP,
39 REFERENCES) Enviroline Number: 89-000678
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in Environment
3rd FECS Conference on Risk Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 8835010 University of Surrey (UK) 11-14 Jul 1988
Royal Society of Chemistry
Dr. R. H. Andrews, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V OBN (UK)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Transfer of environmental impact assessment methods to concrete
administration planning - for example in infrastructural projects of the
Department of Defense. (Final report) (Umsetzung der
Umweltvertraeglichkeitspruefung in praktisches Verwaltungshandeln - am
Beispiel der raumwirksamen Aufgaben des Verteidigungsbereiches.
Endbericht.)
Burger, M. ; Burkhardt, D. ; Schemel. H.J.
Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H., Ottobrunn
(Germany, F.R.).
Corp. Source Codes: 015334000
Sponsor: Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany, F.R.).
30 Apr 85 276p
Languages: German
Journal Announcement: GRAI8907
In German, With 1 tab., 21 figs.
NTIS Prices: PC E07
Country of Publication: Germany, Federal Republic of
Contract No.: UFOPLAN-Nr
(NTIS)
Based on minimum requirements within the reported project a procedure for environmental
impact assessment (ElA) of infrastructural projects of the Department of Defense of the
Federal Republic of Germany Is developed which allows planning staff to perform the
appropriate steps concurrently with the planning phases. The ElA method adopted is derived
from the concept of ecological risk analysis. Due to the planning of federal construction being
89
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standard procedure for all departments of the Federal Government the EIA proposed may be
transferred to projects of other ministries. Following a description of infrastructural
procedures with regard to the present consideration of environmental aspects pertinent
information is extracted from two case studies. The EIA procedure suggested is applied to these
cases exemplarily. (orig./RHM). (TIB: Ro 5486(1369/02).) (Copyright (c) 1988 by FIZ.
Citation no. 88:082858.) TIB/A88-82858/XAB
THE USE OF RISK ASSESSMENT TO DEFINE A CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN FOR
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS,
CONWAY MICHAEL F. (GRADIENT CORP, MA) AND ; BOUTWELL SCOTT
H. (BOUTWELL & ASSOC, MA),
NATL WATER WELL ASSN/API HYDROCARBONS & CHEMICALS IN GROUND
WATER CONF, HOUSTON, NOV 17-19, 87, P19(22)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER EPA IS REQUIRED BY THE HAZARDOUS & SOLID WASTE AMENDMENTS OF 1984
TO IMPLEMENT A COMPREHENSIVE REGULATORY PROGRAM FOR UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS. THESE TANKS HAVE BEEN A MAJOR SOURCE OF CONCERN DUE TO RELEASES OF
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS TO GROUNDWATER. THE AGENCY HAS PUBLISHED A PROPOSED RULE
FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS INVOLVING LEAK DETECTION AND PREVENTION, FINANCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY, AND CORRECTIVE ACTION FOR ALL UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
CONTAINING REGULATED PETROLEUM AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES. EPA'S PROPOSED RISK
ASSESSMENT PROCESS FOR DEFINING A CORRECTIVE ACTION PROGRAM IS EVALUATED, AND AN
INTEGRATED SITE INVESTIGATION/RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH TO ADDRESS DEVELOPMENT
OF CLEAN-UP CRITERIA IS INTRODUCED. (3 DIAGRAMS, 11 REFERENCES, 4 TABLES)
Enviroline Number: *88-071434
90
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LEGAL ASPECTS
THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF SUPERFUND IN TOXIC TORT LITIGATION,
ROGERS JAMES A. SKADDEN ARPS SLATE MEAGHER & FLOM, DC,
NATURAL RESOURCES & ENV, SPRING 88, V3, N2, P13(6)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE 1986 SUPERFUND AMENDMENTS THAT WILL GENERATE SUBSTANTIAL
NEW INFORMATION ON THE HEALTH IMPACTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL SITES ARE
EXAMINED. THIS NEW DATA MAY ANSWER SOME OF THE QUESTIONS RAISED IN THE
SUPERFUND LIABILITY ASSESSMENT DEBATE AND AFFECT PRIVATE TOXIC TORT LITIGATION.
SUBSTANTIAL NEW PROVISIONS CALL FOR THE PREPARATION OF TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILES
AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT IN AN EFFORT TO STRENGTHEN THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE LINK
BETWEEN CHEMICALS AT SITES AND THE HEALTH OF PEOPLE LIVING NEARBY. TO THIS EXTENT
IT WILL PROVIDE DISTURBING DATA TO POTENTIAL PLAINTIFFS AND WILL MAKE IT EASIER
FOR PLAINTIFF'S ATTORNEYS TO ASSESS A CASE. Enviroline Number: *88-081159
Risk Analysis and Scientific Method: Methodological and Ethical Problems with
Evaluating Scientific Hazards, (book reviews)
Stenzel, Paulette L.
D. Reidel Publishing Co.
University of Cincinnati Law Review 56 n3 989-997 Wntr, 1988
CODEN: UCLRD5
ARTICLE TYPE: review
GRADE: B
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
REVIEWEE: Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S.
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Risk assessment: fact and fiction. (Environmental Law Symposium: Toxic
Waste; Is There a Final Resting Place)
Orloff, Neil
Journal of Law and the Environment 3 1-15 Winter, 1987
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Cervical Cancer: Risk Assessment and Preventive Care. January 1978-
November 1988 (Citations from the Life Sciences Collection Database)
(Rept. for Jan 78-Nov 88)
National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
Corp. Source Codes: 055665000
Dec 88 57p
Languages: English
Document Type: Bibliography
Journal Announcement: GRAI8903
Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Washington, DC.
NTIS Prices: PC N01/MF N01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
This bibliography contains citations concerning the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of
cervical cancer. Cervical cancer screening programs, risk factors, including age, smoking,
use of birth control pills, and sexual activity, and treatments are discussed. Some attention is
given to the epidemiology of this neoplasm including disease related complications and side
effects. (Contains 115 citations fully indexed and including a title list.) PB89-851679/XAB
Risk Analysis and Management. April 1984-July 1987 (Citations from the
Compendex Database)
(Rept. for Apr 84-Jul 87)
National Technical Information Service. Springfield, VA.
Corp. Source Codes: 055665000
Feb 89 176p
Languages: English
Document Type: Bibliography
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908
NTIS Prices: PC N01/MF N01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
This bibliography contains citations concerning methods and techniques used for risk analysis,
assessment, and management in business. Risk studies include potential hazardous risks to
humans in the environment, transportation, manufacturing, agriculture, nuclear power,
construction, and petrochemical industries. Various citations have specific applications to the
insurance industry for computing risk assessment. (This updated bibliography contains 388
citations, none of which are new entries to the previous edition.) PB89-855910/XAB
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Risk Analysis and Management. August 1987-February 1989 (Citations from
the Compendex Database)
(Rept. for Aug 87-Feb 89)
National Technical Information Service. Springfield, VA.
Corp. Source Codes: 055665000
Feb 89 72p
Languages: English
Document Type: Bibliography
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908
Supersedes PB87-863981.
NTIS Prices: PC N01/MF N01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
This bibliography contains citations concerning methods and techniques used for risk analysis,
assessment, and management in business. Risk studies include potential hazardous risks to
humans in the environment, transportation, manufacturing, agriculture, nuclear power,
construction, and petrochemical industries. Various citations have specific applications to the
insurance industry for computing risk assessment. (This updated bibliography contains 115
citations, all of which are new entries to the previous edition.) PB89-855928/XAB
93
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RISK
MANAGEMENT
DESCRIBES THE REGULATORY DECISON-MAKING
PROCESSES TO CONTROL AND MANAGE RISK
GENERAL PERSPECTIVE
DEBATING THE PROBLEMS THAT UNDERLIE POLLUTION CONTROL PROBLEMS,
MCCLOSEKY MICHAEL CHAIRMAN, SIERRA CLUB,
ENV LAW REPORTER, OCT 88, V18, N10, P10413(6)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE DEBATE SURROUNDING POLLUTION CONTROL ISSUES BECOMES MORE
TECHNICAL AND SPECIALIZED AS ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND LITIGATION GROW IN
COMPLEXITY. CONSEQUENTLY, THE FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS THAT
UNDERLIE POLLUTION CONTROL PROBLEMS OFTEN GO UNARTICULATED. THESE ISSUES
INCLUDE HOW RISK AVERSE SOCIETY SHOULD BE. WHO SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
COST OF CLEANING UP POLLUTION, AND HOW TO WEIGH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND
COST. SUCH ASPECTS OF POLLUTION CONTROL SHOULD BE BROUGHT INTO THE OPEN AND
ADDRESSED IN BROAD PUBLIC DEBATE, ESPECIALLY ON THE OCCASION OF AN PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION YEAR. TO ESTABLISH A FRAMEWORK FOR THIS DEBATE, THE TWO BASIC OPPOSING
POSITIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ARE OUTLINED: THE GO-SLOW APPROACH TO
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION, AND THE TOUGH REGULATION POSITION. Enviroline Number:
*89-000753
Decision-Making Methodology for Management of Hazardous Waste
Philbin, 0. 5. ; Cranwell, R. M.
Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM.
Corp. Source Codes: 068123000; 9511100
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: SAND-88-1227C; CONF-881054-9
1988 9p
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908; NSA1300 Annual DOE model conference, Oak Ridge, TN,
USA, 3 Oct 1988.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Contract No.: AC04-76DP00789
(NTIS)
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A decision-making methodology is presented that combines systems and risk analysis
techniques to evaluate hazardous waste management practices associated with DOE weapon
production operations. The methodology provides a systematic approach to examining waste
generation and waste handling practices in addition to the more visible disposal practices.
Release-exposure scenarios for hazardous waste operations are identified and operations risk
is determined. Comparisons may be made between existing and alternative waste management
practices (and processes) on the basis of overall risk, cost and compliance with regulations.
Managers can use this methodology to make and defend resource allocation decisions and to
prioritize research needs. 13 refs., 2 figs. (ERA citation 13:056323) DE89001228/XAB
DOD'S RISK ASSESSMENT AND SAFEGUARDS MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITIES,
GAO REPORT T-PEMD-88-10, JUL 27, 88 (31)
(ENVIROLINE)
FED GOVT REPORT THE FACTORS, STANDARDS, AND METHODOLOGY EMPLOYED BY DOD IN
EVALUATING THE SAFETY AND SECURITY OF ITS CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE R&D
CONTRACTOR FACILITIES ARE CRITIQUED. FOR CHEMICAL CONTRACTORS, THE AGENCY HAS
IMPLEMENTED A REASONABLY SYSTEMATIC AND COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH FOR ANALYZING
AND MANAGING RISKS. THIS APPROACH CONSISTS OF A CONTRACT PROPOSAL REVIEW,
FORMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, AND A PRE- AND
POST-AWARD INSPECTION SYSTEM. IN THE BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE PROGRAM, DOD HAS NOT
DEVELOPED ITS OWN SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS OR CONDUCTED REGULAR EVALUATIONS OF
FACILITIES. THE LACK OF A FORMAL DOD RISK ASSESSMENT AND SAFEGUARDS MANAGEMENT
PROCESS MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE WHETHER CONTRACTORS ARE USING
RECOMMENDED SAFEGUARD GUIDELINES. Enviroline Number: *88-091099
Modeling human actions for risk management
Kazarians, M.
Pickard, Lowe and Garrick, Newport Beach, CA
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer
National Meeting 8830985 Denver, CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
65b
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Off-site risk assessment and risk minimization guidelines
Schaller, LC.
E. I. Dupont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, DE
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer National Meeting 8830985 Denver,
CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
41b
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
96
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Protection Planning and Risk Management at Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory
Hunt, J. S. ; Altman, W. D. ; Hockert, J. W.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
Corp. Source Codes 068147000; 9513035
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: UCRL-98110; CONF-880631-25 26
Jun 88 6p
Languages: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8904; NSA1300
29. annual meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26
Jun 1988.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: W-7405-ENG-48
(NTIS)
Effective safeguards and security management begins with comprehensive strategic planning
that synthesizes protection objectives, threat information, existing protection capabilities,
consequences of protection failure, and the costs and impacts of safeguards changes into cost
effective protection strategies that adequately address credible threats. Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory (LLNL) has developed a structured risk management approach to
safeguards and security planning that is designed to lead to protection strategies that are cost
effective, meet the intent of Department of Energy (DOE) orders, balance protection needs
with programmatic priorities, and acknowledge a level of residual risks that is not cost
effective to eliminate. This risk management approach to safeguards decision making was used
to develop the first DOE-approved Master Safeguards and Security Agreement (MSSA) that
addresses all security interests at a major facility including: special nuclear material,
classified information and materials, computer and communication security, and other DOE
property. This risk management approach also provides the strategic basis for day-to-day
management of the LLNL security program as well as the integration of safeguards programs
upgrades. 2 refs., 2 figs. (ERA citation 13:048324) DE88013093/XAB
Research in a Regulatory Environment
Drehmel, D. C. ; Princiotta, F. T.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
Corp. Source Codes: 034680076
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/173
Aug 88 13p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8822
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The paper discusses the rationale and motivation for integrated environmental control as it
relates to EPA research, particularly as it involves risk management. EPA research, whether
in support of integrated environmental control or not, must be responsive to the Agency's
regulatory function. Risk reduction programs have been successful in the past, leading to
97
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demonstration of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) and low nitrogen oxide (NOx) burner
technologies. One emphasis of current risk reduction research activities is integrated
environmental control because of the possibility of greater cost effectiveness. Two examples of
integrated environmental control are described: limestone injection multistage burners
(LIMB) and electrostatic precipitators-sulfur oxides (E-SOx). Both technologies show great
promise for moderate to high 502 control with very low cost and ease of retrofit. PB88-
239058/XAB
Review Of Research in Support of Extrapolation Models by EPA's
(Environmental Protection Agency's) Office of Research and Development
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EC-87/030
May 87 55p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8823
NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The report's major finding is that there is no overall, conceptually integrated Environmental
Projection Agency (EPA) research program on extrapolation modeling, but a conglomeration
of investigator-initiated projects, many of which are commendable in their design and
implementation. The major recommendation is that EPA should develop a comprehensive plan
for an extrapolation models research program that should: articulate an overall conceptual
objective towards which individual projects would aim; enhance EPA's risk assessment, risk
management philosophy; develop a framework that promotes more planning and resource
stability in support of the research; provide a common nomenclature; improve communication
among the Agency's organizational components; and explain to the nonscientist how the
research on extrapolation models supports the Agency's regulatory decisions. PB88-
247242/XAB
Risk assessment and management: emergency planning perspectives.
Martin, Larry R. G. and Gilbert Lafond, ed.
'88 vii+352p, bibls tables diags charts maps
ORDER INFO: Univ Waterloo Pr (C88-093738-6) (ISBN 0-88898-087-6) pa $37
LANGUAGE: Engl
DOC TYPE: M
Text in French and English.
Based largely on papers presented at a national symposium sponsored by Emergency
Preparedness Canada, and held in Arnprior, Ontario, Sept. 1986.
(PAIS INTERNATIONAL)
Covers disaster prevention and preparedness through forecasting and warning, education and
training, the organization for and management of disasters, stockpiling of key supplies,
earmarking of relief funds and the creation of needed legislation and regulations.
98
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Risk communication, risk assessment and environmental fate: An integrated
approach to risk management
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting &
Exhibition - APCA '88 8825011 Dallas, TX (USA) 19-24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Risk management: not ready for prime time. (Defining the Indefinable: What
Risks Are Acceptable?)
Powell, Jimmie
Environmental Forum 5 n5 22(3) Nov-Dec, 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Risk management programs: Compliance with state and federal regulations
Hazzan, M.J.; Vermaelen, P.
Stone & Webster Eng. Corp., Cherry Hill, NJ
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer National Meeting 8830985 Denver,
CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
51a
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Technological risks in the highly industrialized society. Determination -
assessment - control. (Technische Risiken in der Industriegesellschaft.
Erfassung Bewertung - Kontrolle)
Compes, P.C.
Gesellschaft fuer Sicherheitswissenschaft e.V., Wuppertal (Germany, F.R.).
Corp. Source Codes: 088592000
1986 569p
Languages: German
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8907
In German, 7. international GfS summer symposium on technological risks in the highly
industrialized society: Determination - assessment - control, Bonn (Germany, F.R.), 26-28
May 1986.
NTIS Prices: PC E99
Country of Publication: Germany, Federal Republic of
(NTIS)
Before discussing the technical and other means of risk management, one has to look at the
means and measures available for determining, explaining, evaluating and assessing the risks.
Due to the different cause-response-relationships of the various technological risks, and
their internal or external effects, decision-making processes meet with serious problems.
99
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The topics dealt with at the GfS summer symposium cover aspects such as the law and
practice, risk minimization as an object of legal protection, risk assessment as a scientific
problem, and safety research. The question inevitably involved in all aspects is how
efficiently in practice are institutionalized procedures for creating, maintaining, or even
increasing, safety. Eighteen papers are separately indexed and analyzed for the data base.
(DG). (Copyright (c) 1988 by FIZ. Citation no. 88:082925.) TIB/B88-82925/XAB
POLICY . . . includes federal, state and local policy, science,
public and regulatory policy
Biotechnology; Managing the Risks of Field Testing Genetically Engineered
Organisms
(Rept. no. 2)
General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Resources, Community and Economic Development
Div.
Corp. Source Codes: 010682026; 413437
Report No.: GAO/RCED-88-27
Jun 88 105p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824
NTIS Prices: PC A06/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, House Committee on Energy and Commerce,
requested that GAO review the federal risk management of genetically engineered organisms
intended for agricultural and health uses in the environment. This report (1) evaluates the
scope of regulatory policies applicable to deliberate, small-scale releases, (2) reviews the
administrative procedures for implementing these policies, and (3) identifies technical
methods available to control and monitor risks posed by field testing. It focuses on agencies
directly responsible for regulating environmental introductions: the Department of
Agriculture (USDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA). USDA, EPA, and FDA have limited experience with genetically
engineered organisms used in the environment and are uncertain about their effects. Each
agency generally uses a detailed prerelease evaluation process that draws upon a broad range
of scientific expertise to review proposals for field tests on a case-by-case basis. The
agencies have made efforts to coordinate their policies and review procedures. USDA has issued
a new rule and EPA is considering amending regulations to cover the range of products under
their jurisdictions more completely. Even so, some organisms are not subject to regulation
due to differences in legislative mandates and risk management policies. Although genetically
engineered microorganisms cannot be completely contained at the field-test site, a variety of
control methods are available to limit their dispersal and impact. These include setting
physical barriers at the test site and selecting organisms with vulnerable biological features.
AD-A197 655/4/XAB
100
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New Jersey's perspective: Risk management and self-auditing
Edwards, AT.
New Jersey Dep. Environ. Prot., Trenton, NJ
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer National Meeting 8830985 Denver,
CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street. New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
51b
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Risk management in five states: A survey
Boissevain, A.
ART, Inc., Concord, MA
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer
National Meeting 8830985 Denver, CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
35d
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
LEGAL ASPECTS
California's Proposition 65 and the chemical hazard warning: risk
management under the new code of popular outrage.
Kuryla, Matthew L.
Virginia Journal of Natural Resources Law 8 n1 103-139 Fall, 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUSWCA
JURISDICTION: California
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Predicting the effects of food cancer risk warnings on consumers. (California)
Viscusi, W. Kip
Food Drug Cosmetic Law Journal 43 n2 283-307 March, 1988 illustration; table
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUSWCA
JURISDICTION: California
CAPTIONS: Effects of bleach labels for precaution-taking.; Effects of drain labels on
precaution-taking.; Worker response to hazard warnings.; (Consumers' price response to
changes in risk.); Warning content summaries.; Comparison of California warning with other
wordings.; Risk assessment for Proposition 65 warning.
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
101
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Status of U.S. EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Sludge Incinerator
Regulations
Grumpier, E. P. ; Rubin, A. 8. ; Bostian, H. E.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Corp. Source Codes: 034122084
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/231
Nov 88 8p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8905
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The report describes a potential regulatory approach that the U.S. EPA could use for
controlling sewage sludge incinerators. The approach utilizes a most exposed individual risk
assessment to ensure that sludge incineration air emissions will not cause an unacceptable
health risk. An incinerator facility can demonstrate compliance using a three-tiered system
which proceeds from a simple worst case calculation to a more resource intensive site-
specific demonstration. A key part of the tiering system is development of an accurate and
reliable emissions data base for U.S. sludge incinerators which can be used to develop
reasonable worst case emission control factors. The results of testing to date are discussed in
the paper. PB89-124366/XAB
Toward resolution of insurance coverage questions in toxic tort litigation.
(New Jersey) (Symposium: Toxic Waste)
Bauer, Janine; Lakind, Arnold
Rutgers Law Review 38 n4 677-727 Summ, 1986
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUSLNd
JURISDICTION: New Jersey
CASE: Ayers v. Township of Jackson 461 A.2d 184 (N.J. 1983); Jackson Township Municipal
Utilities Authority v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. 451 A.2d 990 (N.J. 1982)
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Toxic waste liability a risk in acquisitions.
Varnum, John E.; Achterman, Gail L.
National Law Journal v8 col 1 p15 Oct 28, 1985
423 col in
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
102
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CHEMICAL SPECIFIC RISK MANAGEMENT
Adverse health consequences of their use and the limitations of traditional
control standards. (Risk management for hazardous chemicals, part 1)
Oleinick. Arthur; Fodor, William U.; Susselman, Marc M.
Journal of Legal Medicine 9 n1 1-103 March, 1988 illustration; table
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
CAPTIONS: (National occupational hazards survey, 1972-1974.) (Rates of disabling work
injuries and illness from chemical sources.); (Actual of potential exposures to IARC
carcinogens.); Percent attributable risk from asbestos exposure and smoking.; (Reported
cancer risks associated with occupational exposure.); (Risk of lung cancer from occupational
exposure.)
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
ASBESTOS REMOVAL NEED NOT BE DAUNTING,
PALLUZI RICHARD P. EXXON. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, SEP 12, 88, V95, N12, P95(5)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE SINCE US FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS REQUIRE THAT ASBESTOS BE
REMOVED, THIS PROCESS IS RECEIVING MUCH ATTENTION FROM THE CHEMICAL PROCESS
INDUSTRIES. PRESENTED IS AN OUTLINE FOR THE ORGANIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
AN INDUSTRIAL ASBESTOS-REMOVAL PROGRAM. EMPLOYEE SAFETY IS, OF COURSE, PRIMARY
TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAM. ONCE HAZARD ASSESSMENT HAS BEEN ASSIGNED TO
EACH AREA, THE COMPANY CAN EITHER TRAIN IN-HOUSE PERSONNEL TO REMOVE THE
ASBESTOS OR HIRE A SPECIALIZED INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR. METHODS ARE GIVEN FOR
ESTIMATING THE COSTS OF DIRECT ASBESTOS-REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL MONITORING OF THE
AMBIENT AIR IS ALSO VERY IMPORTANT. (5 PHOTOS) Enviroline Number: *88-091070
Dioxin in the agricultural foodchain: A health risk assessment model for MSW
incinerators
Stevens, J.B.
Environ, and Occup. Health, Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting & Exhibition - APCA '88 Dallas, TX
(USA) 19-24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Economic model for evaluating alternative risk management measures applied
to utility PCB equipment risks
Amaral, D.
Univ. North Carolina, CB No. 7410, 311 Pittsboro St., Chapel Hill, NC
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting & Exhibition - APCA '88 8825011
Dallas, TX (USA) 19-24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
103
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Reducing the Risk of Spillage in the Transportation of Chemical Wastes by
Truck
(Final rept. 1 Mar 88-31 Dec 88)
Ervin, R. D. ; Mathew, A.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Transportation Research Inst.
Corp. Source Codes: 002797323
Sponsor: Rohm and Haas Co., Bristol, PA. Engineering Div.
Report No.: UMTRI-I88-28
Jul 88 28p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8906
Sponsored by Rohm and Haas Co., Bristol, PA. Engineering Div.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The spillage of liquids in bulk quantities during transportation is examined from the
viewpoint of the risk reduction which will result from improved vehicle roll stability. Roll
stability limits were first computed for conventional vehicles used currently by the Rohm and
Haas Company to transport chemical waste products. The vehicles in question included
tractor-semitrailer combinations having both van- and tank-type trailer configurations. The
stability level of individual vehicles was related to a national rate of rollover risk, expressed
in rollovers per million miles of travel. The risk projections were based upon an evaluation
of accident and exposure information generated through a detailed survey program undertaken
previously. Improvements in suspension selection, height of the payload center of gravity, and
tractor axle width were also examined by means of the stability analysis. When used in
combination, such improvements were seen to reduce the rollover risk by as much as 35%
relative to Rohm and Haas' current equipment. The problem of fluid slosh occurring when a
bulk tanker is underfilled was also considered by reference to existing literature. PB89-
130082/XAB
104
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Chemical, Physical, and Biological Properties of Compounds Present at
Hazardous Waste Sites
(Final rept)
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Corp. Source Codes: 093221000:
Sponsor: GCA Corp., Bedford, MA.; Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Solid Waste.
Report No.: EPA/530/SW-89/010 27
Sep 85 543p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8907
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Prepared in cooperation with GCA Corp.,
Bedford, MA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
NTIS Prices: PC A23/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The chemical profiles are intended to serve as a concise reference with information on the
physicochemical properties, transport and fate, toxicity, and regulatory standards for
individual chemicals identified by the EPA Office of Waste Program Enforcement at hazardous
waste sites. The profiles can be used in conjunction with the Toxicology and Endangerment
Assessment Handbooks. PB89-132203/XAB
Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Community Review Final Report.
Disposal of Ton Containers of VX
(Final rept. Apr-Oct 87)
Heiser, C. ; Bundy, B. ; Hudson, M. ; Ormond, L ; Greenwell, G.
Concerned Citizens of Vermillion, Parke, Vigo, Fountain and Tippecanoe Counties, Clinton, IN.
Corp. Source Codes: 092011000; 418926
Report No.: SAPEO-CDE-IS-87015
Oct 87 250p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8818
See also AD-A193 350.
NTIS Prices: PC A11/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: DAAA15-87-C-0030
(NTIS)
This report was produced by the concerned citizens in the area of the Newport Army
Ammunition Plant (NAAP) where the Army has proposed to build an incinerator to dispose of
chemical agent stored at NAAP. The report addresses areas of concern which the citizens
identified and makes a series of recommendations to the Army as to how the chemical agent
(VX) at NAAP might be disposed of. AD-A193 349/8/XAB
105
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Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Risk Analysis of the Continued Storage
of Chemical Munitions
(Final rept. 3 Feb 86-25 Aug 87)
Barsell, A. W. ; Bellis, E. A. ; Bolig, C. A. ; Deremer, R. K. Everline, C. J.
GA Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 077753000; 397088
Report No.: GA-C-18564; SAPEO-CDE-IS-87009
Aug 87 338p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8818
See also AD-A193 353. Prepared in cooperation with H & R Technical Associates, Inc., JBF
Associates, Inc. and Battelle-Columbus Div.
NTIS Prices: PC A15/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: DAAA15-85-D-0022
(NTIS)
This document has been prepared for the U.S. Army to support the Final Programmatic
Environmental Impact Statement for the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. This report
describes the results of a comprehensive probabilistic assessment of the frequency and
magnitude of chemical agent release associated with the storage of chemical munitions at eight
U.S. Army installations. Both internal accident initiators (e.g., human error) and external
accident initiators (e.g., earthquakes) were analyzed. AD-A193 352/2/XAB
Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Risk Analysis of the Disposal Of
Chemical Munitions at Regional or National Sites
(Final rept. 3 Feb 86-25 Aug 87)
Barsell, A. W. ; Bellis, E. A. ; Bolig, C. A. ; Deremer, R. K. ; Everline, C. J.
GA Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 077753000; 397088
Report No.: GA-C-18563; SAPEO-CDE-IS-87006
Aug 87 1158p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8818
See also AD-A193 354. Prepared in cooperation with H & R Technical Associates, Inc., JBF
Associates, Inc. and Battelle-Columbus Div.
NTIS Prices: PC A99/MF EOS
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: DAAA15-85-D-0022
(NTIS)
This document has been prepared for the U.S. Army to support the Final Programmatic
Environmental Impact Statement for the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. This report
describes the results of a Comprehensive probabilistic assessment of the frequency and
magnitude of chemical agent release for the storage, handling, on-site transportation, off-site
transportation, and chemical demilitarization plant operations associated with the disposal of
the chemical stockpile at two regional disposal sites or at a single national disposal site. Rail
transportation from seven sites, air transportation from two sites and water transportation
from one site were the off-site transportation modes analyzed. Both internal accident
initiators (e.g., human error, equipment malfunction) and external accident initiators (e.g.,
earthquakes, airplane crashes) were included in the analysis. AD-A193 355/5/XAB
106
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Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Risk Analysis of the
Onsite Disposal of Chemical Munitions
(Final rept. 12 Feb 86-25 Aug 87)
Barsell, A. W. : Bellis, E. A. ; Bolig, C. A. : Deremer, R. K. ; Everline, C. J.
GA Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 077753000; 397088
Report No.: GA-C-18562; SAPEO-CDE-IS-87010
Aug 87 781p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8818
See also AD-A193 355. Prepared in cooperation with H & R Technical Associates, Inc., JBF
Associates, Inc. and Battelle-Columbus Div.
NTIS Prices: PC A99/MF E04
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: DAAA15-85-D-0022
(NTIS)
This document has been prepared for the U.S. Army to support the Final Programmatic
Environmental Impact Statement for the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. This report
describes the results of a comprehensive probabilistic assessment of the frequency and
magnitude of chemical agent release associated with storage, handling, onsite transportation
and chemical demilitarization plant operation at eight U.S. Army installations. Both internal
accident initiators (e.g., human error) and external accident initiators (e.g., earthquakes)
were analyzed. Keywords: Chemical stockpile, Chemical munitions, Disposal of chemical
munitions, Risk analysis, Hazards analysis, Probabilistic risk assessment. AD-A193
354/8/XAB
CLEANING UP A HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE IN A RESIDENTIAL AREA,
DAVIS d. D. AND ; DOUGAS P. P. SINCLAIR KNIGHT 8 PARTNERS, AUSTRALIA,
AUSTRALIAN WATER & WASTEWATER ASSN HAZARDOUS WASTE MGT 2ND
NATL CONF, SYDNEY, NOV 15-18, 87, P23.1(10)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER A REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/FEASIBILITY STUDY APPROACH IS FOLLOWED IN
AUSTRALIA FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND CLEANUP OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL SITES.
THIS PROCEDURE WAS DEPLOYED IN TREATING A HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE DISCOVERED IN A
RESIDENTIAL AREA OF KINGSTON, QUEENSLAND. THE INVESTIGATIONS WERE DIRECTED
TOWARD HEALTH AND ENDANGERMENT ASSESSMENTS AND EFFECTS ON PROPERTY
OWNERSHIP AS WELL AS ON TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO CONTAMINATION. THE CLEANUP AND
REMEDIAL PROGRAM EMPHASIZED THE RECOGNITION Or THE EMOTIONAL STRESS ON LOCAL
RESIDENTS AND THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE MEDIA. FULL INFORMATION ON PROJECT
PROGRESS WAS PROVIDED FOR RESIDENTS. (2 MAPS, 6 REFERENCES) Enviroline Number:
*88-071 1 18
107
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Education and Training for Health Risk Assessment and Management of
Hazardous Waste
(Final rept)
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Corp. Source Codes: 079704000
Sponsor: Bureau of Health Professions, Rockville, MD.
Mar 86 109p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8902
Sponsored by Bureau of Health Professions, Rockville, MD.
NTIS Prices: PC A06/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Principles of risk assessment and management of hazardous waste are difficult to apply, and
information of optimal decisions related to hazardous waste requires a multidisciplinary
approach. Government and private industry personnel often find that a team that makes a risk
assessment and/or hazardous waste management decision does not include staff educated to
accomplish the most informed and effective action. Therefore, to improve education and
training for health risk assessment and management of hazardous waste, a workshop was
convened. The work group examined the knowledge and skills required of a wide range of
hazardous waste personnel and the availability of these skills in the current work force.
Specific risk assessment and risk management basic curricula and continuing education were
recommended by the work group. Suggestions were developed to improve knowledge and skills
of personnel in the field. HRP-0907219/O/XAB
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Region X Guidance Manual for the
Development of an Accidental Spill Prevention Program
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
Corp. Source Codes: 082583000
Sponsor: Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
Report No.: EPA/910/9-87/170
Feb 86 164p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8822
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
NTIS Prices: PC A08/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-01-7043
(NTIS)
The document was prepared for EPA Region X to assist publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs) in implementing a component of their Pretreatment Program, namely the
prevention of accidental spills and slug discharges from industrial users. Such spills and slug
discharges could cause damage to a POTWs collection system, interfere with the operation or
its treatment plant, affect water quality and sludge usage, and potentially affect worker health
and safety. The important elements of an accidental spill prevention program include the
following: identification of potential sources and risks, evaluation and/or development of legal
authority to regulate spills and slug discharges, requirements for industrial users to develop
Accidental Spill Prevention Program plans and submit them to the POTW for review,
inspection and monitoring of potential sources of problem discharges, development of
emergency procedures and resources. PB88-239173/XAB
108
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Hazardous materials routing: risk management or mismanagement?
Glickman, Theodore S.
Resources p 11-13 Fall '88, map
LANGUAGE: Engl
DOC TYPE: P
United States.
(PAIS INTERNATIONAL)
Permit Writers Guidance Manual for the Location of Hazardous Waste Land
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities. Phase 2
(Final rept)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Science Advisory Board.
Corp. Source Codes: 031287050
Report No.: SAB/EEC-86/016
Jun 86 17p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824
See also PB86-125580.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The guidance was prepared by the Office of Solid Waste (OSW) in response to a requirement in
Section 3004 (o) (7) of RCRA, which requires the Agency to publish 'guidance criteria' for
identifying areas of vulnerable hydrogeology and to promulgate regulations specifying criteria
for the acceptable location of new and existing RCRA facilities. PB88-246806/XAB
Update of Innovative Thermal Destruction Technologies
Lee, C. C.; Huffman, G. L
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Corp. Source Codes: 034122084
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/225
Oct 88 39p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8904
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
Five innovative technologies for thermally destroying hazardous wastes were selected and
described in the paper They are Oxygen-Enriched Incineration, Westinghouse/O'Connor
Combustor, Circulating Bed Combustion, Infrared System, and Plasma Arc Two important
criteria used in selecting these technologies are they are at least at the stage of pilot-scale
demonstration, and appear to be promising in terms of destruction effectiveness. PB89-
118541/XAB
109
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THE VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND HAZARDOUS WASTE POLICY,
SMITH V. K. (NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV) AND ; DESVOUSGES WILLIAM H. (RESEARCH
TRIANGLE INST, NC),
LAND ECONOMICS, AUG 88, V64, N3, P211(9)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE SOME RESEARCHERS CONTEND THAT IN SOME CASES, PRE-POLLUTION
ACTIONS TO PREVENT GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION BY HAZARDOUS WASTES WOULD NOT
HAVE BEEN PREFERRED TD REMEDIAL ACTIONS. BY FOCUSING PRIMARILY ON THE
COMMUNITY'S EXPECTED COSTS OF ALTERNATIVE POLICIES, THIS ANALYSIS ASSUMES THAT
EACH POLICY WILL YIELD EQUIVALENT SERVICES. IN CONTRAST, A NEW ANALYSIS SUGGESTS
THAT BENEFIT MEASURES FOR POLICIES INVOLVING RISK FROM HAZARDOUS WASTES OR ANY
OTHER POLICY-RELATED RISKS MAY NEED TO BE CONSTRUCTED DIFFERENTLY FROM THE
MEASURE CONSIDERED IN CONVENTIONAL COST-BENEFIT STUDIES THAT ASSUME CERTAINTY.
THE EXERCISE SHOWS THAT THERE IS MORE THAN THE USUAL ESTIMATION ERRORS PRESENT
IN USING EXPECTED EX POST CONSUMER SURPLUS MEASURES TO INDICATE THE BENEFITS OF
POLICIES DESIGNED TD REDUCE RISKS. (1 GRAPH, 24 REFERENCES) Enviroline Number:
*89-000932
RADIATION
Cost/Risk Analysis of Evacuation Options
Tawil, U. 0. ; Strenge. D. L.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Corp. Source Codes: 048335000; 9512268
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: PNL-SA-13737
Feb 86 39p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8903; NSA1300
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC06-76RL01830
(NTIS)
In this paper we evaluate the costs and risks associated with evacuating an area threatened by
a nuclear power plant accident. The risks refer to the expected health effects from radiation
dose that would be received by individuals if they did not evacuate, while the costs refer to the
evacuation costs. For a given dispersion of radionuclides, the evacuation costs will vary
primarily with 1) the exposure risk level, which determines the outer boundaries of the
evacuation zone, and 2) the shape of the evacuation zone. Results are produced for a range of
exposure risk levels and for two evacuation zone configurations. One configuration minimizes
the number of evacuees for a given exposure risk level; the second is easier to implement.
(ERA citation 13:046656) DE88013185/XAB
110
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Forms for Documenting Radiation Safety Programs
(Final rept.)
Weed, R.; Donovan, L.
Medical Center, Scott AFB, IL.
Corp. Source Codes: 092014000; 418893
Report No.: USAFMCS/TR-88/001
Jan 88 78p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8818
NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The Department of Radiology, US Air Force Scott Medical Center, created and compiled this
booklet of document forms in Quality Assurance/Risk Management and ALARA (as low as
reasonably achievable) for Nuclear Medicine/Radiology Departments. A health physicist
manages, evaluates, trial tests, and currently uses forms such as these. They can be altered or
easily redesigned as the needs of radiation surveillance programs change. These Documental
Forms for Ionizing Radiation (Formless Forms) should be useful for facilities that devise
their own Nuclear Medicine/Radiology Quality Assurance-Risk Management and ALARA
Programs. AD-A193 180/7/XAB
HEALTH AND SAFETY PROTECTION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE NATION'S HIGH-
LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE,
DOE REPORT RW-0169, MAY 88 (3)
(ENVIROLINE)
FED GOVT REPORT DOE IS ESTABLISHING A SCHEDULE FOR THE SITING, CONSTRUCTION, AND
OPERATION OF A GEOLOGIC REPOSITORY THAT WILL PROVIDE A REASONABLE ASSURANCE THAT
THE PUBLIC AND THE ENVIRONMENT WILL BE ADEQUATELY PROTECTED FROM HAZARDS
POSED BY HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL. REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIOLOGICAL
AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY, BASED ON SAFETY STANDARDS AND CRITERIA, WILL BE FACTORED
INTO THE DESIGN OF ALL SYSTEMS IN BOTH THE LICENSED AND UNLICENSED FACILITIES.
ASSURED LONG-TERM PROTECTION OF THE PUBLIC FROM EXPOSURES REQUIRES A DISPOSAL
SYSTEM OF MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT BARRIERS. THESE INCLUDE THE WASTE PACKAGE, THE
REPOSITORY, AND THE NATURAL SYSTEM. SITE SELECTION, RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING, AND
SYSTEMS SAFETY ANALYSIS COMPONENTS OF THE PROGRAM ARE DISCUSSED. (1 DIAGRAM)
Enviroline Number: *88-081338
111
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Risk Assessment for Long-Term Post-Accident Sequences
Ellia-Hervy, A. ; Ducamp, F.
CEA Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Dept. d'Analyse de Surete.
Corp. Source Codes: 056141019; 1290300
Report No.: CEA-DAS-399
Nov 87 5p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8901; NSA1300
PSA 87: international topical meeting on probabilistic safety assessment and risk
management, Zurich, Switzerland, 31 Aug 1987.
U.S. Sales Only.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: France
(NTIS)
Probabilistic risk analysis, currently conducted by the CEA (French Atomic Energy
Commission) for the French replicate series of 900 MWe power plants, has identified
accident sequences requiring long-term operation of some systems after the initiating event.
They have been named long-term sequences, quantification of probabilities of such sequences
cannot rely exclusively on equipment failure-on-demand data: it must also take into account
operating failures, the probability of which increase with time. Specific studies have
therefore been conducted for a number of plant systems actuated during these long-term
sequences. This has required: - Definition of the most realistic equipment utilization
strategies based on existing emergency procedures for 900 MWe French plants. - Evaluation
of the potential to repair failed equipment, given accessibility, repair time, and specific
radiation conditions for the given sequence. - Definition of the event bringing the long-term
sequence to an end. Establishment of an appropriate quantification method, capable of taking
into account the evolution of assumptions concerning equipment utilization strategies or
repair conditions over time. The accident sequence quantification method based on realistic
scenarios has been used in the risk assessment of the initiating event loss of reactor coolant
accident occurring at power and at shutdown. Compared with the results obtained from
conventional methods, this method redistributes the relative weight of accident sequences and
also demonstrates that the long term can be a significant contribution to the probability of
core melt. (ERA citation 13:033617) DE88753167/XAB
112
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ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Application of economic risk assessment to-hazardous waste remediation
projects
Ellis, T.R.
Ellis Int. Serv.. Inc., 1067 St. Paul St., Denver, CO
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting & Exhibition - APCA '88 8825011
Dallas, TX (USA) 19-24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Controlling environmental impairment liability from an insurance
perspective: Risk management for underground storage tanks
Gulledge, W.P.
Environ. Insur. Manage., McLean, VA
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting & Exhibition - APCA '88 8825011
Dallas, TX (USA) 19-24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Economic risk assessment of facilities burning hazardous materials
Holton, G.A.
First Environ., Inc., 314 W. Broadway, Lenoir City, TN
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting &
Exhibition - APCA '88 8825011 Dallas, TX (USA) 19-24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Environmental liability risk management.
Forte, Joseph Philip
Probate and Property 2 n7 57-61 Jan-Feb, 1989
CODEN:PPRODS
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
113
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How risk management cuts insurance costs.
Cummens, John A.
National Law Journal v6 col 3 p15 Oct 17, 1983
69 col in
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
SIC CODE: 8111
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Risk retention groups: a risk-management alternative.
Bader, Allan
Journal of Accountancy 166 n3 152(4) Sept. 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
SIC CODE: 6300
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
CORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT
Auditing and risk management at American Cyanamid
Page, G.
American Cyanamid, Wayne, NU
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer
National Meeting 8830985 Denver, CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 845 East 47th Street, New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
65a
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Comprehensive risk management practices in the developing world: A case
study on the multi-nationals chemical industry in Asian markets
Ives, J.; Covello, V.
Suffolk Univ. Sch. Manage., Boston, MA
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer National Meeting 8830985 Denver,
CD (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street. New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
65f
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
114
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Corporate risk management at Mobil Oil Corporation
Gremillion, C.E.; Petrucco, R.J.
Mobil Oil Corp., Princeton, NB
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer National Meeting 8830985 Denver,
CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street. New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
65g
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Operational safety and risk management at Union Carbide's Seadrift, Texas
plant
Moore, J.D.
Union Carbide Corp., Pt. Lavaca, TX
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 1988 Summer National Meeting 8830985 Denver,
CO (USA) 21-24 Aug 1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Engineering Socities Library, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street. New York, NY
10017 (USA). Telephone: (212)705-7611, Individual Papers are also Available Paper No.
65e
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
115
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RISK
COMMUNICATION
. THE PROCESS OF EDUCATING AND
INFORMING AN AUDIENCE TO MAKE
BETTER PERSONAL AND SOCIETAL
DECISIONS REGARDING RISK
INFORMING THE DECISION-MAKER
Risk communication and local emergency planning committees
Owens, W.L; Conn, W.D.: Rich, B.C.; Manheim, J.B.
Univ. Cent. Environ, and Hazardous Mater. Stud., Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ.,
Blacksburg, VA
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting &
Exhibition - APCA '88 8825011 Dallas, TX (USA) 19-24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
117
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INFORMING THE PUBLIC
Assessing Social and Economic Effects of Perceived Risk. Workshop
Summary Draft: BWIP Repository Project
Nealey, S. M. ; Llebow, E. B.
Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers, Seattle, WA.
Corp. Source Codes: 057602000; 9501199
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: PNL-6515; BHARC-800/88/005
Mar 88 38p
Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8901; NSA1300
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC06-76RL01830
(NTIS)
The US Department of Energy sponsored a one-day workshop to discuss the complex
dimensions of risk judgment formation and the assessment of social and economic effects of
risk perceptions related to the permanent underground storage of highly radioactive waste
from commercial nuclear power plants. Affected parties have publicly expressed concerns
about potentially significant risk-related effects of this approach to waste management. A
selective review of relevant literature in psychology, decision analysis, economics,
sociology, and anthropology was completed, along with an examination of decision analysis
techniques that might assist in developing suitable responses to public risk-related
concerns. The workshop was organized as a forum in which a set of distinguished experts
could exchange ideas and observations about the problems of characterizing the effects of
risk judgments. Out of the exchange emerged the issues or themes of problems with
probabilistic risk assessment techniques are evident; differences exist in the way experts
and laypersons view risk, and this leads to higher levels of public concern than experts
feel are justified; experts, risk managers, and decision-makers sometimes err in
assessing risk and in dealing with the public; credibility and trust are important
contributing factors in the formation of risk judgments; social and economic consequences
of perceived risk should be properly anticipated; improvements can be made in informing
the public about risk; the role of the public in risk assessment, risk management and
decisions about risk should be reconsidered; and mitigation and compensation are central
to resolving conflicts arising from divergent risk judgments. 1 tab. (ERA citation
13:039382) DE88010589/XAB
Atom-plant disclosure: knowledge as a sword?
Sherman, Rorie
National Law Journal v11 n12 col 2 p3 Nov 28, 1988
EDITION: Mon 15 col in
illustration photograph
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
118
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The beginnings of chemical control. (Title III in the Real World)
Millar, Fred
Environmental Forum 5 n4 26(2) Sept-Oct, 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
STATUTE: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Chemical hazard disclosure under federal and state right-to-know laws.
McElveen, Junius, Jr.; Postol, Lawrence P.
Practical Lawyer 31 n4 75-91 June 1, 1985
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
SIC CODE: 2800
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Community Right-to-Know and Emergency Planning: Using Computers to
Conduct Hazards Analysis
(Rept. for May 86-Jul 88)
Bare, J. C.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Corp. Source Codes: 034680076
Report No.: EPA/600/D-88/210
Oct 88 19p
Languages: English
Journal Announcement: GRAI8903
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
(NTIS)
The paper discusses the process of hazards analysis and the basic building blocks of
systems used for data storage, retrieval, correlation, and analysis, to better inform people
choosing and/or evaluating the systems. The remainder of the paper discusses: (1) the
process of hazards analysis, including the three basic steps of hazard identification,
vulnerability analysis, and risk analysis, performed in two phases-screening and
planning; and (2) three basic building blocks of these computer systems-database
management, mathematical capabilities, and graphical capabilities. All discussion relates
to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act of 1986 (Title III of the
Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act-SARA) and its application to facilities
handling designated chemicals in excess of specified quantities. PB89-120018/XAB
119
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Confrontation or compromise? (Title III in the Real World)
Matsumoto, Gene I.
Environmental Forum 5 n4 25(2) Sept-Oct. 1988
illustration; photograph
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
STATUTE: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
DESCRIPTORS: Superfund-law and legislation; Right to know (Hazardous substances)-
law and legislation
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Environmentalists praise oil firms' agreeing to direct Prop 65 warnings.
(California)
Dresslar, Tom
Los Angeles Daily Journal v101 n185 col 1 p2 Sept 15, 1988
EDITION: Thu 3 col in
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUSWCA
JURISDICTION: California
SIC CODE: 1311
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Fuming over fumes: under a community right-to-know law, the local
officials are starting to learn about stockpiles and emissions of dangerous
chemicals, but what will they do with the data?
Kriz, Margaret E.
Nat J 20:3006-9 N 26 '88, il
LANGUAGE: Engl
DOC TYPE: P
United States.
Contents: Federal preemption; Access to information; More controls?
(PIAS INTERNATIONAL)
The law and the promise. (Title III in the Real World)
Berkowitz, Jorge H.
Environmental Forum 5 n4 24(3) Sept-Oct, 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
STATUTE: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Case Studies in Risk
Communication
(Final rept)
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress Center.
Corp. Source Codes: 076365001
Sponsor: Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Report No.: DCN-88-239-001-38-11; EPA/450/5-88/003
Jun 88 48p
Languages: English
120
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Journal Announcement: GRAI8901
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-02-4330
(NTIS)
The report documents the risk communication experience of three agencies. Case studies
are presented describing the experience of the Puget Sound (Washington) Air Pollution
Control Agency and the San Diego County (California) Air Pollution Control District in
communicating the results of source-specific cancer risk assessments. Routine risk
communication practices, rather than a specific case study, are presented for Maryland's
Department of the Environment. The report is intended to be most useful to State and Local
agencies just beginning to do quantitative cancer risk assessments, and seeking to benefit
from the risk communication experience of others. PB89-104277/XAB
The New Jersey Right to Know Act. (Symposium: Toxic Waste)
Treat, Sharon Anglin
Rutgers Law Review 38 n4 755-790-Summ, 1986
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUSLNU
JURISDICTION: New Jersey
STATUTE: New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Noihing to lose but fear itself. (Title III in the Real World)
Young, Glynn
Environmental Forum 5 n4 27(2) Sept-Oct, 1988
illustration; photograph
GEOGRAPHIC COD': NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
STATUTE: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Now it's everybody's job. (Title III in the Real World)
Makris, Jim
Environmental Forum 5 n4 25(3) Sept-Oct, 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
STATUTE: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
121
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Right-to-know: much pain, little gain. (Title III in the Real World)
Bromberg, Kevin L
Environmental Forum 5 n4 24(3) Sept-Oct, 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
STATUTE: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
SIC CODE: 9511
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Risk communication
Wilson, R.
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA
1988 Hazardous Material Spills Conference 8825005 Chicago, IL (USA) 16-19 May
1988
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AlChE); National Response Team
Publication Sales, AlChE, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017 (USA). Telephone
(212) 705-7657, Proceedings available; pre-publication price is $60.00
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Risk communication on the community level: European experience from the
Seveso Directive
Renn, 0.
Clark Univ., 950 Main St., Worcester, MA
Air Pollution Control Association 81st Annual Meeting & Exhibition - APCA '88 8825011
Dallas, TX (USA) 19--24 Jun 1988
Air Pollution Control Association (APCA)
Air Pollution Control Association, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH
(CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX)
Risk Communication: On the Road to Maturity
Russell, M.
Dak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Corp. Source Codes: 021310000; 4832000
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: CONF-8806245-1
Jul 88 18p
Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding
Journal Announcement: GRAI8908; NSA1400
Workshop on evaluation and effective risk communication,
Washington, DC, USA, 2 Jun 1988.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC05-840R21400
(NTIS)
122
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This essay suggests that major opportunities for improving public health now resides in
changing individual behavior, and that such changes require effective risk communication.
Evaluation of efforts has lagged behind practice, however, and indeed many efforts are
likely to be ineffective. Evaluation is the key to improving risk communication practice
and will lead to it being taken more seriously, supported better, and performed more
professionally. At the same time, there are deep value conflicts between the duties of the
State and the rights of individuals when persuasions and manipulative techniques are used.
The essay suggests an approach on which guidelines for appropriate use of risk
communication can be built that lessens these conflicts. (ERA citation 14:001995)
DE89000647/XAB
RISK COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC: HOW SAFE IS DRINKING WATER?,
MCCALLUM DAVID B AND ; ARKIN ELAINE B. INST FOR HEALTH POLICY ANALYSIS, OC,
UNIV OF MISSOURI/ET AL TRACE SUBSTANCES IN ENV HEALTH 21STCONF, ST LOUIS, MAY
25-28, 87, P253(10)
(ENVIROLINE)
CONF PAPER A HEALTHFUL DRINKING WATER SUPPLY HAS BEEN AN ASSUMPTION BY
MOST OF THE PUBLIC FOR DECADES. COMMUNICATING COMPLEX HEALTH RISK
INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC ABOUT WATER SUPPLIES IS FREQUENTLY AS COMPLEX AS
DETERMINING LEVELS OF RISK. RISK ASSESSMENT SEEKS TO QUANTIFY RISK WHILE THE
PUBLIC MAY BE MORE CONCERNED WITH THE QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF RISK. THE
COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES WHICH MUST BE MET CONCERN: HOW TO PROVIDE
INFORMATION WHEN THE SCIENCE IS UNCERTAIN; HOW TO EXPLAIN THE RISK
ASSESSMENT PROCESS; AND HOW TO MAXIMIZE APPROPRIATE PUBLIC RESPONSES AND
MINIMIZE INAPPROPRIATE ONES THE NEED FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION AND FOR
UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET AUDIENCES' NEEDS AND DESIRES IS STRESSED. (13
REFERENCES) Enviroline Number: *88-091395
SHIFTING PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF NUCLEAR RISK: CHERNOBYL'S OTHER
LEGACY,
HOHENEMSER CHRISTOPH AND ; RENN ORTWIN CLARK UNIV,
ENVIRONMENT, APR 88, V30, N3, P4(14)
(ENVIROLINE)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE APRIL 1986 NUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT CHERNOBYL (USSR) EXPOSED
NEARLY 400 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE TO THE RISK OF DELAYED CANCERS CAUSED
BY INGESTION, INHALATION, OR EXTERNAL EXPOSURE. RADIATION DOSES FOR 35
COUNTRIES HAVE BEEN REPORTED BY THE US INTERLABORATORY TASK FORCE AND THE
OECD. PUBLIC OPPOSITION TO NUCLEAR ENERGY INCREASED FOLLOWING THE ACCIDENT IN
DIRECT PROPORTION TO AVERAGE INDIVIDUAL RADIATION DOSES. IN YUGOSLAVIA, FOR
EXAMPLE, THE NUMBER OF OPPONENTS TO NUCLEAR ENERGY ROSE FROM 42% TO 78%
THE TRANSNATIONAL IMPACT OF THE DISASTER TOOK COUNTRIES BY SURPRISE, AND THEY
REACTED IN DIFFERENT WAYS BUT IN ROUGH PROPORTION TO THE AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE.
OTHER FACTORS RELATED TO PROTECTIVE MEASURES WERE THE LEVEL OF COMMITMENT
TO NUCLEAR POWER AND THE INCREASE IN PUBLIC OPPOSITION TO IT. CHERNOBYL
PROVIDES INSIGHTS INTO BOTH RISK PERCEPTION AND RISK MANAGEMENT. (5 GRAPHS, 1
MAP, 3 PHOTOS, 41 REFERENCES, 4 TABLES) Enviroline Number: *88-071290
123
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Technological Conflicts: Problems and Perspectives
Sartori, S.
ENEA, Rome (Italy).
Corp. Source Codes: 085298000; 2372100
Report No.: ENEA-RTI-STUDI-VASA-87-1
Feb 87 77p
Languages: Italian
Journal Announcement: GRAI8824; NSA1300
In Italian.
U.S. Sales Only. Portions of this document are illegible in
microfiche products.
NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01
Country of Publication: Italy
(NTIS)
The conditioning of public opinion, specifically with regard to the risks associated with
developing technologies, is discussed. The paper analyzes the evolution of public opposition
to the development of steam vessels, the automobile, LNG terminals, the supersonic SST
and other technological innovations. A comparison is made between public reaction to the
development of nuclear energy and the reaction to genetic engineering. A discussion is made
about the roles played by federal institutions in managing social behavioral trends. The
paper then suggests a model for risk management decision making. (ERA citation
13:034225) DE88753192/XAB
When the going got tough.... (Title III in the Real World)
Solyst, Jim
Environmental Forum 5 n4 26(3) Sept-Oct, 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
STATUTE: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Your right to know: a new law is revolutionizing how companies,
communities and governments deal with dangerous chemicals.
Environmental Action 20:21-8 S/O '88, il chart
LANGUAGE: Engl
DOC TYPE: P
Includes national, state, and grassroots information sources:US.
(PAIS INTERNATIONAL)
124
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INFORMING THE WORKER
Hazardous chemicals in the workplace: the employer's obligation to inform
employees and the community.
Clare, Nelson A.
St. Mary's Law Journal 20 n2 307-338 Spring, 1989
CQDEN:SMLJDT
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUSTTX
JURISDICTION: Texas
STATUTE: Texas Hazard Communication Act of 1985
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Labor union involvement in occupational safety and health, 1957-1987.
Robinson, James C.
Journal of Health Politics. Policy and Law 13 n3 453-468 Fal, 1988
illustration; table
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
CAPTIONS: (% of union contracts covering selected issues in workplace health.); (% of
workers belonging to unions by level 6f hazard in job.)
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
Risk management for hazardous chemicals; OSHA's hazard communication
standard and EPA's emergency planning and community right-to-know
regulations.
Oleinick, Arthur; Fodor, William J.; Susselman, Marc M.
Journal of Legal Medicine 9 n2 179-278 June, 1988
illustration; chart; table
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUS
JURISDICTION: United States
SIC CODE: 4953; 9511
CAPTIONS: Federal OSHA chemical hazard determination.; (Hazard communication for OSHA
workplace and EPA chemical hazard standards.); Program elements imposed by chemical
hazard communication standard.; (Label and material safety data sheet information for
carcinogens.); (Enforcement experience: violation items.); Percent of selected violation
items classified as serious by OSHA.; Emergency planning and community right-to-know
schematic.
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
State employees: disclose presence of hazardous substances. (Selected 1988
Georgia Legislation)
Bawtinhimer, Stacey B.
Georgia State University Law Review 5 n1 460-463 Fall, 1988
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: NNUSUGA
JURISDICTION: Georgia
(LEGAL RESOURCE INDEX)
125
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TITLE
INDEX
127
-------
3rd FECS Conference on Risk
Assessment of Chemical in
Environment 3rd FECS 89
Acetylation Pharmacogenetics:
Acetylator Phenotype
Susceptibility to Arylamine
Carcinogenesis 40
Acid Air and Aerobiology
Related to the Maturing
Human Lung 35
Adverse Health Consequences
of Their Use and the
Limitations of Traditional
Control Standards 103
Aldicarb Special Review
Technical Support Document 53
Ammonia barging risk
assessment 53
Analysis of
Dose/Time/Response
Relationships for Chronic
Toxic Effects: The Case of
Acrylamide 52
Analysis of Potential
Accidental Release of
Anhydrous HCL From a Tank
Car 53
Analysis of the Gene-Tox
Carcinogen Data Base 49
Analysis of untreated
drinking water from Lake
Ontario: Results and risk
assessment 81
Applicability of US EPA Risk
Assessment Guidelines for
Chemical Mixtures 14
Application of economic risk
assessment to-hazardous
waste remediation projectsl!3
Application of groundwater
modeling in risk assessment
and clean-up level
determination 20
Approach to Uncertainty in
Risk Analysis 15
Asbestos Removal Need Not be
Daunting 103
Assessing and Managing Health
and Environmental Risks
from Energy and Other
Complex Industrial Systems 36
Assessing EPA's Biotechnology
Research and Information
Needs 1
Assessing Social and Economic
Effects of Perceived Risk.
Workshop Summary Draft:
BWIP Repository Project 118
Assessing the Risk of
Violating Stream Water
Quality Standards 81
Assessment of
Carcinogenicity: Generic
Issues and Their
Application to Diesel
Exhaust 40
Assessment of Potential Toxic
Problems in Non-Urban Areas
of Puget Sound 82
Assessment of Reproductive
Risks 15
Assessment of the Water
Hazard of Material with
Regard to the Storage,
Transfer and Transport, and
Investigation to Clear Up
Limits 16
Atom-plant disclosure:
knowledge as a sword? 118
Auditing and risk management
at American Cyanamid 114
Background data for risk
assessment: An alternative
to the traditional LD
sub(50) study? 20
Beginnings of chemical
control 119
Biological age as a measure
of risk 36
Biotechnology; Managing the
Risks of Field Testing
Genetically Engineered
Organisms 100
BM and LDH in the risk
assessment of extranodal
disease in intermediate
grade lymphoma 41
Calculated Radionuclide
Inventories of High-
Exposure LWR Fuels 72
California's Proposition 65
and the Chemical Hazard
Warning: Risk Management
Under the New Code of
Popular Outrage 101
Cancer Risk-Specific Dose
Estimate for 2,3,7,8-TCDD 63
-------
Cancer Risk-Specific Dose
Estimate for 2,3,7,8-TCDD:
Appendices A through F 64
Carcinogen Risk Assessment of
Chromium Compounds 55
Carcinogenic risk assessment
using animal data: The
importance of mechanistic
studies 41
Carcinogenity Evaluation of
Chemical Substances 2 41
Cervical Cancer: Risk
Assessment and Preventive
Care 92
CHAWS User's Guide: System
Description and Standard
Operating Procedures 20
Chemical Exposure Index 21
Chemical hazard disclosure
under federal and state
right-to-know laws 119
Chemical, Physical, and
Biological Properties of
Compounds Present at
Hazardous Waste Sites 105
Chemical Stockpile Disposal
Program. Community Review
Final Report. Disposal of
Ton Containers of VX 105
Chemical Stockpile Disposal
Program. Risk Analysis of
the Disposal Of Chemical
Munitions at Regional or
National Sites 106
Chemical Stockpile Disposal
Program. Risk Analysis of
the Continued Storage of
Chemical Munitions 106
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease Symptom Effects of
Long-Term Cumulative
Exposure to Ambient Levels
of Total Oxidants and
Nitrogen Dioxide 60
Cleaning Up a Hazardous Waste
Site in a Residential
Area 107
Community Right-to-Know and
Emergency Planning: Using
Computers to Conduct
Hazards Analysis 119
Comparative risk assessment
of technologies to treat
soil and debris wastes 82
Comparison and Application of
Quantitative Human
Reliability Analysis
Methods for the Risk
Methods Integration and
Evaluation Program (RMIEP) 21
Comparison of approaches to
trichloroethylene risk
assessment 65
Comparison of Maternal and
Fetal Toxic Dose Responses
in Mammals 49
Comprehensive risk management
practices in the developing
world 114
Concept for ecological risk
assessment 82
Confrontation or com-
promise? 120
Construction of Plasmids for
Use in Risk Assessment
Research 1
Contribution of epidemiology
to risk assessment 37
Controlling environmental
impairment liability from
an insurance perspective:
Risk management for
underground storage tanks 113
Corporate risk management at
Mobil Oil Corporation 115
Cost/Risk Analysis of
Evacuation Options 110
Criteria for Evaluating the
Reliability of Literature
Data on Environmental
Process Constants 2
Debating the Problems that
Underlie Pollution Control
Problems 95
Decision-Making Methodology
for Management of Hazardous
Waste 95
Delineation and risk
assessment for 2,4-
dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
in the vadose zone 55
Development of Procedures for
the Risk Assessment of
Underground Disposal of
Radioactive Wastes 72
Development of Risk Criteria
for the Whole Nuclear Fuel
Cycle 73
-------
Diagnostic Variables as
Predictors of Ecological
Risk 83
Dioxin in the Agricultural
Foodchain: A Health Risk
Assessment Model for MSW
Incinerators 103
Dioxin Toxic Equivalency
Methodology Subcommittee
Following Its Evaluation of
EPA's Toxic Equivalency
Factor Methodology for CDDs
and CDFs 56
DOD'S Risk Assessment and
Safeguards Management of
Chemical and Biological
Warefare Research and
Development Facilities 96
Draft Risk Screening Analysis
of Mining Wastes 22
Dyestuffs and the
environment: A risk
assessment 83
Ecological risk assessment at
hazardous waste sites 66
Economic Model for Evaluating
Alternative Risk Management
Measures Applied to Utility
PCB Equipment Risks 103
Economic risk assessment of
facilities burning
hazardous materials 113
Education and Training for
Health Risk Assessment and
Management of Hazardous
Waste 108
Education and Training of
Environmental Health
Personnel in Health Risk
Assessment and Management
of Hazardous Waste 66
Electrode Systems for
Measurement of
Environmental Pollutants 22
Environmental liability risk
management 113
Environmental Mutagenesis and
Carcinogenesis 42
Environmentalists praise oil
firms' agreeing to direct
Prop 65 warnings 120
EPA Region X Guidance Manual
for the Development of an
Accidental Spill Prevention
Program 108
EPA'S Unfinished Business 2
Epidemiological approach for
the risk assessment of
chemicals causing human
cancer and other disorders 42
Escape from RCRA: avoiding
compliance through
redefinition and risk
assessment 66
Estimated Risk of Lung Cancer
from Exposure to Radon
Decay Products in US Homes 62
Estimating Exposures to
2,3,7,8-TCDD 63
Evaluating EPA's Current
Objectives and Future Needs
for Biotechnology Risk
Assessment Research 3
Evaluation of Environmental
Change and Its Effects on
the Radiological
Performance of a
Hypothetical Shallow
Engineered Disposal
Facility 73
Evolution of Water Quality
Standards and Testing
Procedures 3
Exact Solutions for
Radionuclide Transport in
the Presence of Parameter
Uncertainty 74
Expert Opinion in Risk
Analysis: The NUREG-1150
Methodology 23
Exposure and risk assessment
for a proposed hazardous
waste incinerator 67
Exposure Measurement for Air
Pollution Epidemiology 4
Factors Affecting Metal
Toxicity to (and
Accumulation by) Aquatic
Organisms-Overview 83
Forms for Documenting
Radiation Safety Programs 111
From Risk Analysis to Risk
Control in Land Transport
of Dangerous Materials 67
-------
Fuming over fumes: under a
community right-to-know
law, the local officials
are starting to learn about
stockpiles and emissions of
dangerous chemicals 120
Genetic Activity Profiles and
Pattern Recognition in Test
Battery Selection 50
Genotoxicity of Complex
Mixtures 50
Great Lakes Science Advisory
Board 1987 Report 84
Hazard and risk assessment
and acceptability of
chemicals in the
environment 4
Hazard Evaluation Division,
Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Eye Irritation
Studies 16
Hazard Evaluation Division,
Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Guidance
Document for Conducting
Terrestrial Field Studies 84
Hazard Evaluation Division,
Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Product
Chemistry 24
Hazardous chemicals in the
workplace: the employer's
obligation to inform
employees and the
community 125
Hazardous materials routing:
risk management or
mismanagement? 109
Hazardous Waste from Small
Quantity Generators in the
United States 67
HAZWASTE Technology 68
Health and Safety Protection
in the Management of the
Nation's High-Level
Radioactive Waste 111
Health Risk Assessment of
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
(1,1,2-TCA) in California
Drinking Water 64
Health Risk Assessment of
1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-
DCP) in California Drinking
Water 56
Health Risk Assessment of
Carbon Tetrachloride (TCT)
in California Drinking
Water 54
Health Risks of Radon and
Other Internally Deposited
Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV 62
How risk management cuts
insurance costs 114
Human Carcinogens and DNA
Modification: The First
Step in Risk Assessment 42
Human Ecological Assessment
of Air Quality Management:
A Convergence in Economic
and Ecological Thinking? 84
Immunotoxicology and Risk
Assessment of Drinking
Waste Contaninants 37
Improving the Use of
Epidemiologic Data in
Health Risk Assessment 37
Incinerator Ash Quality,
Residue Characteristics,
and Control of Heavy Metal
Emissions 58
Incorporation of Monte Carlo
simulation techniques into
the R-RAM II health risk
assessment model 24
Integrated Risk Information
System (IRIS) 5
Interfacing biotechnology
risk assessment with
application to
bioremediation 24
Interim Procedures for
Estimating Risks Associated
with Exposures of Mixtures
of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-
Dioxins and -Dibenzofurans 54
International Competitive
Implications of
Toxicological Standards 4
Is it Possible to Predict the
Carcinogenic Potency of a
Chemical in Humans Using
Animal Data? 43
Issues in Qualitative and
Quantitative Risk Analysis
for Developmental
Toxicology 38
Judging Limits of Safety is a
Regulator's Nightmare 6
-------
LAVA: An Expert System
Framework for Risk
Analysis 25
Law and the Promise 120
Love Canal Emergency
Declaration Area
Habitability Study 25
Lymphocytes mutagenesis as a
tool for risk assessment in
humans exposed to
antineoplastic agents in
the workplace 38
Methodological Challenges in
Health Risk Assessment 6
Methodology of Comprehensive
Probabilistic Safety
Analyses for Future HTR-
Concepts. A Status Report 26
Methods for Aquatic Toxicity
Identification Evaluations
Phase 1 Toxicity
Characterization
Procedures 85
Methods for Cost-Benefit-Risk
Analysis of Material-
Accounting Upgrades 75
Microcomputer-Based
Probabilistic Risk
Assessment for Nuclear
Power Plant Safety Studies 75
Modeling human actions for
risk management 96
Models of the Interaction of
Mortality and the Evolution
of Risk Factor
Distribution 26
Molecular Dosimetry Data in
Humans: Implications for
Risk Assessment and
Research 43
Most Potent Carcinogen? 57
National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse:
Case Studies in Risk
Communication 120
Nature and Extent of Lead
Poisoning in Children in
the United States 59
New Jersey Right to Know
Act 121
New Jersey's perspective:
Risk management and self-
auditing 100
NIOSH Report on Occupational
Safety and Health for
Fiscal Year 1986 under PL
91-596 7
NIREX Safety Assessment
Research Programme 76
Nongenotoxic Mechanisms in
Carcinogenesis: Role of
Inhibited Intercellular
Communication 43
Nothing to lose but fear
itself 121
Now it's everybody's job 121
Observations on work force
and training needs for
assessing environmental
health risks 7
Ocean Disposal of Nuclear
Wastes 76
Off-site risk assessment and
risk minimization
guidelines 96
Oil Well Drilling Fluids:
Their Physical and Chemical
Properties and Biological
Impact 85
Onsite Disposal of Chemical
Munitions 107
Operational safety and risk
management at Union
Carbide's Seadrift, Texas
plant 115
Optimizing Compliance
Training for the Waste
Management Worker 68
Organization of Risk Analysis
Codes for Living
Evaluations 27
Overview of hazards
evaluation and risk
assessment technology for
spill prevention 69
PC simulation for reliability
and risk analysis 28
Permit Writers Guidance
Manual for the Location of
Hazardous Waste Land
Treatment, Storage and
Disposal Facilities 109
Perspective of PC-Based
Probabilistic Risk
Assessment 7
-------
Perspective on Risk
Assessment of Carcinogens 44
Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines. Series 81-3 and
82-4. Acute and Subchronic
Inhalation Toxicity
Testing. Addendum 6 on Data
Reporting 8
Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines. Series 85-1,
General Metabolism.
Addendum 7 on Data
Reporting 8
Physical Factors Affecting
Lung Deposition of
Cigarette Smoke and Mineral
Fiber Particulate Matter 44
Potential Role of Superfund
in Toxic Tort Litigation 91
Predicting the Effects of
Food Cancer Risk Warnings
on Consumers 101
PRISIM: A Plant Risk Status
Information Management
System for NRC Inspectors 28
Probability and Control Cost
Effectiveness for
Accidental Toxic Chemical
Releases 9
Process safety and risk
assessment in public
decision making 10
Proposed Central Estimate and
Range in EPA's Low-LET Risk
Estimate for Regulatory
Purposes are Acceptable 74
Proposed Low-Level
Radioactive Waste
Standards: Draft Background
Information Document 77
Proposed Test Protocol to
Determine Toxicant Leaching
into Potable Water 28
Prospective Epidemiological
Study of Health Risks
Associated with Wastewater
Utilization in Agriculture 38
Protection Planning and Risk
Management at Lawrence
Livermore National
Laboratory 97
Protest movements and the
construction of risk 10
QSAR and risk assessment in
the aguatic environment 86
Qualitative Factors in
Carcinogen Classification 45
Qualitative PRA Insights for
Use in the Design Process
for ALWRs 77
Quantitative Dose-Response
Models for Tumor Promoting
Agents 45
Quantitative Risk Assessment:
Biomedical Ethics Reviews,
1986 29
Qunatitative Factors in
Carcinogenic Risk
Assessment 45
R&D Program on Radioactive
Waste Disposal into
Geological Formations 78
Radionuclides in Drinking
Water 78
Reanalysis of Zion Risk 29
Reducing the Risk of Spillage
in the Transportation of
Chemical Wastes by Truck 104
Regional Environmental
Studies Using National Data
Bases and CIS 10
Report of the Ecological Risk
Assessment Review
Subcommittee 86
Report of the EPA Workshop on
the Development of Risk
Assessment Methodologies
for Tumor Promoters 17
Research in a Regulatory
Environment 97
Response to Request to
Provide Assistance in
Establishing Emergency
Criteria Applicable to
Elevated Indoor 'Radon
Concentrations 79
Review of a Draft Addendum to
the Health Assessment
Document for
Perchloroethylene 61
Review of a Draft Health
Assessment Document for
Polychlorinated
Debenzofurans 61
Review of Ecological Risk
Assessment Methods 86
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Review of EPA ORD's
Integrated Air Cancer
Project 46
Review of EPA's Assessment of
the Risks of Stratospheric
Modification 30
Review of EPA's Draft Kanawha
Valley Toxics Screening
Study 46
Review Of Research in Support
of Extrapolation Models by
EPA's ORD 98
Review Of Studies Related to
Uncertainty in Risk
Analysis 79
Review of Technical Documents
Supporting ... EPA
Regulations for the
Disposal/Reuse of Sewage
Sludge 18
Review of the Acrylamide
Health Criteria Document 52
Review of the Superfund
Hazard Ranking System 69
Right-to-know: much pain,
little gain 122
Risk Analysis and Management.
April 1984-July 1987 93
Risk Analysis and Management.
August 1987-February 1989 93
Risk Analysis and Scientific
Method 91
Risk Analysis Model for
Marine Mammals and
Seabirds: A Southern
California Bight Scenario 87
Risk Analysis of Aquifer
Contamination by Brine 87
Risk Analysis of Earth Return
Options for the Mars
Rover/Sample Return Mission
Eagle 88
Risk assessment and
management: emergency
planning perspectives 98
Risk Assessment and Risk
Acceptance 12
Risk Assessment for Long-Term
Post-Accident Sequences 112
Risk Assessment Guidelines
Update, 1988 18
Risk Assessment in Rail
Transportation of Dangerous
Goods 69
Risk Assessment Models for
Land Application of
Municipal Sludges (RAMMS
Version 3.0). Volume 1 30
Risk Assessment of Chemicals:
A Global Approach 12
Risk Assessment of Domestic
Chemicals 12
Risk Assessment of Microbial
Applications in
Biotechnology 31
Risk Assessment Of Subsidiary
Nuclear Technologies 80
Risk Assessment Study on the
Transportation of Hazardous
Materials Over the US
Railroads 70
Risk assessment techniques
for carcinogenic compounds 47
Risk Assessment: A
Physiologically-Based
Pharmacokinetic Approach 30
Risk Assessment: An
Introduction 11
Risk Assessment: Fact and
Fiction 91
Risk Assessment: Prediction
and reality 12
Risk Associated with Research
of an Innovative Process
for Thermal Destruction of
Hazardous Substances 70
Risk Communication 122
Risk communication and local
emergency planning
committees 117
Risk Communication on the
Community Level: European
Experience from the Seveso
Directive 122
Risk communication, risk
assessment and
environmental fate: An
integrated approach to risk
management 99
Risk Communication to the
Public: How Safe is
Drinking Water? 123
Risk Communication: On the
Road to Maturity 122
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Risk management for hazardous
chemicals; OSHA's hazard
communication standard and
EPA's emergency planning
and community right-to-know
regulations 125
Risk management in five
states: A survey 101
Risk management programs:
Compliance with state and
federal regulations 99
Risk management: not ready
for prime time. (Defining
the Undefinable: What Risks
Are Acceptable?) 99
Risk Methodology to Evaluate
Sensitivity of Plant Risk
to Human Errors 31
Risk retention groups: a
risk-management
alternative 114
Risky Business of Assessing
Danger 13
River Danube pollution and
its risk assessment 88
Role of Health-Based Criteria
Development in USATHAMA'S
Installation Restoration
Program 19
Science Advisory Board
Endorses the Range of Risks
Presented by EPA in Radon
Risk Estimates 80
Shifting Public Perceptions
of Nuclear Risk:
Chernobyl's Other Legacy 123
Should Regulatory Criteria
and Standards by Based on
Multispecies Evidence? 89
State employees: disclose
presence of hazardous
substances 125
Status of US EPA's Sludge
Incinerator Regulations 102
Structure-Activity Relations
Among Nitrogen-Containing
Alkylating Carcinogens 47
Structure-Penetration
Relationships in
Percutaneous Absorption 32
Summary of Emissions
Associated with Sources of
Ethyl Chloride 58
Summary Review of Health
Effects Associated with
Monochloroethane: Health
Issue Assessment 59
Superfund cleanups, ethics,
and environmental risk
assessment 71
Superfund Exposure Assessment
Manual 71
Surviving the 1980s at EPA 13
Swedish Studies of Pesticide
Exposure and Cancer: A Case
Study of Disciplinary and
Mandated Science 47
Techniques for Assessing
Industrial Hazards: A
Manual 33
Technological Conflicts:
Problems and Perspectives 124
Technological Risks in the
Highly Industrialized
Society 99
Theory of Possibility and
Fuzzy Sets: New Ideas for
Risk Analysis and Decision
Making 33
Thyroid Follicular Cell
Carcinogenesis: Mechanistic
and Science Policy
Considerations 48
Toward Resolution of
Insurance Coverage
Questions in Toxic Tort
Litigation 102
Toxic Waste Liability a Risk
in Acquisitions 102
Toxicity of Selected
Contaminants: Chapter 9 of
Drinking Water and Health.
Volume 6 39
Transfer of environmental
impact assessment methods
to concrete administration
planning 89
Trends in Risk Assessment
from the Deterministic to
the Probabilistic 13
Uncertainty and Sensitivity
Analyses in Evaluating Risk
of High Level Waste
Repository 81
Update of Innovative Thermal
Destruction Technologies 109
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Use of Computerized Data
Listings and Activity
Profiles of Genetic and
Related Effects in the
Review of 195 Compounds 51
Use of exposure analysis and
risk assessment in the
ozone NAAQS review process
Richmond 60
Use of Genetic Activity
Profiles in Hazard
Evaluation 34
Use of risk analysis results
in support of the final
programmatic environmental
impact statement for the
disposal of the US chemical
weapons stockpile 72
Use of Risk Assessment to
Define a Corrective Action
Plan for Leaking
Underground Storage Tanks 90
Use of Short-Term Bioassays
in Estimating Human Health
Hazards of Wastewater
Effluents 19
User-friendly interface for
the air emission risk
assessment model 34
Utilization of human factors
in risk assessment 35
Valuation of Environmental
Risks and Hazardous Waste
Policy 110
Ways in Which EPA and the
Environmental Health
Committee Can Enhance Their
Efficiency in Reviewing
Risk Assessments 13
What Should You Worry About
When Doing a Risk
Assessment? 14
When the going got tough....124
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