Annual Program Review Fy-1964- Fy-1965- Fy-1966 Great Lakes-illinios River Basins Project

ANNUAL PROGRAM REVIEW FY-196U - FY-1965 - FY-1966 GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT December 31, 1963 ------- Project Directory Names and Addresses Telephone Project Headquarters Department of Health, Education & Welfare Public Health Service Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project 1819 West Pershing Road Chicago, Illinois 60609 Lafayette 3-5500 Area Code 312 Project Director W. Q. Kehr Deputy Project Director S. Megregian Planning and Reports Branch C. R. Ownbey Field Operations Branch C. Pemberton Laboratory Branch C. Risley Lake Erie Field Station Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project Lake Erie Field Station 7298 York Road (Bldg. 49-A) Cleveland 30, Ohio Office Exts. 2271, 2272 Home TE-2-5388 Office Exts. 2271, 22,: Home TE-3-7592 Office Ext. 2230 Home FL-4-2088 Office Ext. 2210 Home WO-S-0381 Office Exts. 2T/6- 2175, 2178 Home 964-0765 845-2200 Area Code 216 ------- ------- Field Station Director C. W. Northington Office 845-2200 Home 234-2032 Deputy Field Station Director G. L. Hubbs Office 845-2200 Home 845-0638 ------- ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 CONSULTANTS 3 TECHNICAL COMMITTEES 11 ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FY 1964 17 Basic Data Collection 17 Economic Studies 20 Field Operation 21 Lake Current Studies 28 Laboratory Activities 31 Engineering Analyses and Plan Formulation 39 Flow Regulation Studies 43 Studies by Other Agencies 45 Bibliography 46 Significant Progress in Pollution Abatement 51 Departure From 1964 Plans 53 PLANS AND SCHEDULES - FY 1965 57 Introduction 57 Basic Data Collection 58 Economic Studies 59 Field Operations 60 Lake Current Studies 6l Laboratory Activities 61 Engineering Analyses and Plan Formulation 63 Flow Regulation Studies 65 PLANS - FY 1966 66 Introduction 66 Long-Range Goal 67 Program for Achieving Long-Range Goal 68 Relation of FY 1966 Program to Long-Range Goal 68 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 69 Project Schedules 69 Organization Charts 69 Functional Statements 69 Personnel Rosters 78 ------- ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) PAGE BUDGETS 88 Working Budget, FT '64 88 Working Budget, FY '65 99 Long Range Estimates 112 External Expenditures 113 Budget by Activities 115 Summary of Changes 117 APPENDIX Lake Huron General Study Plan '-. v-"' '< • ' . • ------- ------- LIST OF TABLES TABLE NUMBER TITLE Special Quadrangle Maps for Lake Michigan Drainage Basin Special Quadrangle Maps for Lake Huron Drainage Basin FOLLOWING PAGE 19 59 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE FOLLOWING NUMBER TITLE PAGE 1 Map of Study Area 1 2 Sketch of Current Meter Stations 28 3 Identification Sheet 28 k Lake Erie Current Meter Locations 6l 5 Lake Ontario Current Meter Locations 6l 6 Lake Current Study Schedule 6l 7 Project Schedule 69 8 Lake Erie PERT Diagram 69 9 Project Organization Chart 69 10 Lake Erie Field Station Organization Chart 69 ------- ------- PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project, in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local agencies is engaged in a compre- hensive study of water quality of the Great Lakes and Illinois River Basins. ' This study, one of several being undertaken in the nation's major drainage basins under provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, is a part of the program of the Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control, Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. For study and reporting purposes, the area has been divided into six major parts, consisting of the Illinois River Basin and each of the five Great Lakes basins. Each major part is further subdivided into subdrainage basins for water resource and water quality considerations, and into subregions - generally along county lines - for economic base studies. Boundary lines of the six major parts are shown on the study area map (Fig. l). The general objectives of the Project have been described as follows:' A determination of the causes of wa.ter pollution and the effects of such pollution on the quality of water resources and on beneficial uses. The development of agreements on the desired beneficial uses anq" the water quality required to accomodate those uses, I Iftye development of water quality control measures to achieve tjie desired objectives, including the establishment of a time table for their accomplishment. The specific objectives of the Project are: To determine the present quality of the waters of the Illinois River Basin and the five Great Lakes Basins and their trib- . utaries. This is being accomplished by a review of existing .records supplemented by extensive field sampling and labora- tory programs. To inventory water uses and trends of usage in each Basin for municipal and industrial water supply, recreation, aquatic and wildlife, navigation, agricultural, and .other purposes. ------- To identify sources of wastes, and compile data on quantities and characteristics of water-borne wastes, in each sub-drainage basin, catalogued by sources and points of discharge. To appraise the adequacy of present practices in land use, water use, and waste disposal in relation to water quality protection. To measure the Great Lakes currents and establish their pat- terns as an aid to predicting the fate of pollutants dis- charged into the Lakes and resultant effects on the Lakes. To make economic and demographic studies leading to pro- jections of future growth, accompanying water demands, and associated water-borne wastes. To determine the existing and potentially developable water resources, ground and surface, within each Basin. To formulate a plan for guidance of a cooperative program aimed at improving and protecting the quality of waters in each Basin. This includes development of agreements on the water quality goals, analysis of measures for achieving these goals, and time tables for their accomplishment. To publish a series of comprehensive reports, one on each major Basin, to present the information developed by the Project for basic reference and guidance in establishing "Water Supply and Pollution Control" management programs. For assistance in meeting these objectives, the Project has solicited participation, advice, assistance, and cooperation on the part of: other Federal agencies; State agencies concerned with public health, water pollution control, water resource management and related fields; interstate agencies; municipalities; industry; and many other interested groups, both public and private. Most gratifying, also, has been the coordination of effort with our Canadian counterparts achieved through both official and informal channels of communication. Thus it is proving possible to study each of the international boundary lakes as a physical - At this time (December 1963) the intensive phase of work has been completed in the Illinois River Basin, is approaching completion in the Lake Michigan Basin, and is well under way in the Lake Erie Basin. The Lake Huron and Lake Ontario Basins are next on the schedule for detailed study. ------- SCALE IN MILES iZ! 0 25 50 100 150 20O ------- ------- CONSULTANTS AND FORMAL COORDINATING GROUPS The Consultants presented below are divided into tvo groups, those paid from Project funds for their services and those consulted informally. In addition, a separate listing is included of Consultants utilized only by the lake Erie Field Station. Paid Consultants Dr. Donald J. O'Connor, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, Manhattan College, New York, N. Y. Advises on methods and procedures for lake and stream quality analyses. Assists in the development of mathematical models for predicting water quality. Periodically reviews completed analyses and renders comments thereon. Assists project in planning sampling programs and field surveys. Advises on techniques, frequency parameters and other pertinent matters. Professor Fred A. Clareribach, Professor of Regional Science, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. Professor Clarenbach is consulted to provide guidance and judgment concerning appropriate scope and content of economic and related studies pertaining to the GLIRBP study area activities. Dr. LaVerne Curry, Head of Biology Department, Central Michigan University has been consulted on the specific identifications of a large group of organisms known as the Tendipedidae. His knowledge of this group of aquatic insects has made possible a more accurate evaluation of the effects of wastes on the water quality conditions in Lake Michigan. Mr. Roy D. Gaul, Texas A&M College - consulted on specific oceanography problems. Drs. Blair Kinsman and Donald Pritchard, Chesapeake Bay Institute, Johns Hopkins University, and Mr. Emanuel Mehr, New York University - were used in connection with data processing and development of mathematical models on lake current studies. ------- Others Consulted Dr. W. M. Ingram, Taft SEC was consulted on several occasions relative to the merits of the Lake Michigan biological work, and in regard to algal problems in Indiana and Illinois lakes. Paul Kabler, Microbiologist, M.D., and Harold Clark, Microbiologist, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. The chief services provided by Kabler and Clark are advice to the Project on the feasibility of various phases of its microbiological studies and review of the finished reports. W. H. Ewing, Microbiologist, Ph.D., Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga. Provides technical services in the serological identification of strains of Salmonella isolated in the GLIRBP laboratory. Tom D. Y. Chin, Virologist, M.D., Communicable Disease Center, Kansas City. Provides technical service in the isolation and identification of enteroviruses isolated from the polluted waters of the Chicago Metropolitan Area and the Illinois River. John R. Baylis, Engineer, Nicholas Kuehn, Engineer, James C. Vaughn, Chemist, City of Chicago, Department of Water and Sewers, contributed basic data from their records which was incorporated into our reports. Glen Metcalf, Engineer, Chicago Park District, submitted basic data on the water quality of Chicago beaches. Philip Fragassi, Chemist, City of Evanston, Filtration Plant, submitted basic data on the water quality in the Evanston water intakes. E. R. Krumbiegel, M.D., City of Milwaukee, Public Health Department, conducted special studies in cooperation with GLIRBP on the water quality occurring at the Milwaukee beaches. Dwight Ballinger, Chemist, R. A. Taft SEC. Used in regard to polarographic techniques on metal analysis and dissolved oxygen. Also field instrumentation for dissolved oxygen. Jesse Cohen, Chemist, R. A. Taft SEC. Consultation in regards to modifications on Technicon Auto-Analyzer and polarographic • methods of dissolved oxygen. Ferdinanc J. Ludzack, San. Eng., R. A. Taft SEC. Consultation on Technicon Auto-Analyzer procedures for C.O.D., kjeldahl nitrogen and other parameters. ------- 5 A. A. Rosen, Ph.D., R. A. Taft SEC. Consultation in regards to organic analysis, infra-red interpretation and gas chromatography. A. W. Breidenbach, Ph.D., R. A. Taft SEC. Consultation on carbon filter studies, organic contaminants, infra-red spectroscopy. Robert A. Kroner, R. A. Taft Center. Consultation on analyses of trace metals and general analytical procedures. H. P. Nicholson, Ph.D., Chief, Pesticide Control Laboratory, Atlanta, Ga., Region IV. Consultation in regards to analysis of pesticides, gas chromatography, and column chromatographic "clean up" processes. Lee Hausler, Plant Supt., Ernie Murray, Health Physicist, and Cy Hartman, Radiochemical Engineer of the Big Rock Point Nuclear Reactor of the Consumers Power Co., Charlevoix, Michigan - consulted about the radiological effects of the reactor on Lake Michigan and the potential hazards of the reactor. Robert F. Sullivan of the AEG Division of Compliance, Denver, Colorado. consulted regarding the safeguards imposed by the AEC on the Big Rock Point Reactor. Harry Thornburg, of the AEC Division of Compliance, Chicago Operations Office, Oak Brook, Illinois - consulted to determine vhat agencies bore the responsibility for safeguarding the environment in the.area of the Big Rock Point Reactor, and the potential hazards of the Dresden reactor, Armour reactor and Argonne reactors. Jacob Sedlet, Radiochemist, Industrial Hygiene and Safety Division, Argonne National Lab., Argonne, Illinois - consulted regarding procedures for specific radionuclide analysis of water samples, results of samples analyzed by Argonne National Lab., and procedure for disposal of radioactive waste materials held by the GLIRBP Laboratory. Henry Lucas, Radiological Physics Division, Argonne National Lab., Argonne, Illinois - consulted regarding the radium content of ground and surface waters in the Chicago Area and procedures for determining Radium in water. Enrico Conte and Bill Brobst, Health Physicists, AEC Chicago Operations Office, Argonne, Illinois, were consulted regarding the disposal of radioactive wastes from the Argonne National Laboratory. ------- Conrad' Straub, Chief., Radiological Health Research Activities, Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, consulted concerning the future direction which radiological studies on the Great Lakes should take. His staff also was used to review reports and publications of the section. Geery Karches, Physicist, Taft SEC, Cincinnati, Ohio, was consulted regarding calibration and characteristics of the GLIRBP laboratories radiation equipment, Mr. Ed Fredkin, President, Information International, and Mr. M. L. Greenough, U. S. Bureau of Census, were consulted in developing a readout system for translating current meter date for machine processing. Dr. G. E. Hutchinson, Dept. of Biology, Yale University; Prof. Henry Stommel, Department of Oceanography, Harvard; and Dr. William Richardson and Mr. W. Fofonoff, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - were consulted on various aspects of lake current studies. Lake Erie Field Station Dr. Robert Thoman, Technical Director, of the Delaware Estuary Study has been consulted in person and via telephone on several occasions. These consultations have been most fruitful and have tended to elucidate the use of mathematical models as water quality management tools. Plans are to continue these consultations with Dr. Thoman as the need arises and as his primary duties permit. Coordinating Groups Lake Erie Study Group The Lake Erie Study group is composed of agencies and universities both Canadian and U. S. (including Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project), who are actively engaged in studies in Lake Erie and its drainage basin. The group has banded together for the purpose of assisting one another where possible and to provide for inter-change of data and services. ------- Some of the advantages that have accured to the Lake Erie Field Station to date are as follows: 1. The Canadian agencies persuaded their government to invite the U. S. government to participate in a joint study of the Lake. 2. Several cooperative sampling cruises embracing the entire Lake on both U. S. and Canadian laboratory vessels. 3. Plans for a central data repository. h. Contacts from whence is coming valuable data. The following is a list of the Group Members: U. S. Members U. S. Army Engineer Division North Central ,Corps of Engineers 536 South Clark Street Chicago 5, Illinois Commanding Officer U. S. Weather Bureau Washington 25, D. C. Mr. D. Lee Harris U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 5 Research Drive Ann Arbor} Michigan Dr. J. W. Moffett Director, Engineering Experiment Station Water Resources Center Ohio State University 1791 Weil Avenue Columbus 10, Ohio Mr. George P. Hanna, Jr. U. S. Army Engineer District Lake Survey 630 Federal Building Detroit 26, Michigan Lt. Col. L. F. Kengle ------- 8 Natural Resources Institute Ohio State University 1885 Hell Avenue Columbus 10, Ohio Dr. Charles A. Dembach, Director Great Lakes Research Division University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Dr. David C. Chandler, Director Department of Natural Resources Ohio Departments Building Columbus 13, Ohio Mr. Fred E. Morr Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project • Region V, Dept. of Health, Educ. and Welfare Room 712, New P.O. Building lj-33 W. Van Buren Street Chicago 7, Illinois Mr. William Q. Kehr, Project Director Lake Erie Field Station 7298 York Road, Bldg. ^9-A Cleveland 30, Ohio Mr. C. W. Northington Canadian Members Lake Erie Study Group Great Lakes Institute University of Toronto Toronto 5, Canada Mr. G. K. Rodgers ; Dr. G. B. Langford Department of Northern Affairs and Natural Resources Ottawa, Canada Mr. R. H. Clark Essex College Assumption University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario Canada Mr. G. T. Csanady ------- University of Western Ontario Department of Geology London, Canada Mr. James R. Kramer University of Toronto Botany Department Toronto, Canada Mr. H. P. Badenhuizen Ontario Water Resources Commission 801 Bay Street Toronto 5, Canada Dr. A. E. Berry Department of Transport 315 Bloor Street West Toronto 5, Canada Mr. P. D. McTaggart - Cowan Coordinating committees have been established with a member from each country. Agreements with the Group of States The Project has agreed to meet with the states individually and collectively to develop study plans and discuss management plans and policy plans. The intent is to prepare detailed study plans with the states individually with a possible collective review. States are encouraged to participate as much as their other responsibilities will permit. Special Arrangements with Individual States Formal arrangements for collecting data from the state of Michigan files have been made with the Detroit River-Lake Erie Project who will collect the data upon written request. Routine field station contacts will be with the Michigan water pollution control agency. ------- 10 Formal agreements have been made with the New York agencies that permit us to operate through contacts with the water pollution control agency. Most of the field work is handled directly with their regional engineer in Buffalo. The water pollution control agency is furnished copies of all correspondence within the state. The agreements in Pennsylvania permits us to deal through the water pollution control agency. A great deal of our field contact is made with their regional engineer in Meadville. The water pollution control agency is furnished copies of all correspondence within the state. All contacts and arrangements in Ohio are made through the water pollution control agency. Contact with the regional engineers to date have been through the State office. Contacts with the City of Cleveland are made directly with the Public Health Service being responsible for keeping the state abreast of activities. Copies of all direct correspondence in the state1 are furnished to the State water pollution control agency. Contacts within the State of Indiana are made through the water pollution control agency. The inventory data from the State of Indiana have been collected by the Chicago office. Public Health Service Region II ,Close liaison and cooperation is maintained with the' Region II Water Supply and Pollution Control Director in New York. Initial contacts with state agencies were made through the Region II office. They are invited to all meetings with the water pollution control administrators. Copies of all official correspondence and contact reports are furnished to the Region II office. This arrangement has been most helpful in guiding the Field Station personnel away from internal conflicts within the State of New'York. Inventory data collection is. coordinated through the Region II office. ------- 11 TECHNICAL COMMITTEES This is a brief statement concerning the organization, objectives and activities of the Technical Committees to the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project. Members of these committees are men in responsible positions in State water resource and water pollution control agencies, municipal water and sewer departments, private research organizations, conservation groups, and industry. Lake Michigan-Illinois River Basins Technical Committee The purpose of the Technical Committee was stated by the Surgeon General in a letter to prospective members, in which he asked if they would be willing to serve as members of a technical committee "... to work with and assist the Public Health Service on a study to develop long term plans for the control of pollution affecting Lake Michigan and the Illinois Waterway." He indicated ^further, "¥e wish to carry on this study in cooperation with the States, municipalities and industries in the area so that we can develop a program which will protect these waters for the beat uses of all concerned." He also pointed out that a "... high degree of communication and understanding, as well as the dis- semination of reliable information, is a necessity." At the first meeting of the committee on March 10, 19&L, Dr. Gordon McCallum, Chief, Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control reviewed the need and authorization for comprehensive studies of water pollution and said "the people in an area should decide what kind of water they want and the uses to be made of it. • It would not be meaningful to prepare a theoretical plan if the plan did not meet the needs of the area or was not feasible." To carry out its mission the committee, engages in principal activities as follows: 1. Periodically reviews progress of studies and activities of GLIREP, usually at scheduled meetings. 2. Reviews work plans for future work and suggests desirable modifications, if any. 3. Suggests problems that need to be studied. h. Participates in tbe^dcvoLopsient- of -agreetoants on beneficial water uses. ------- 12 5. Studies and suggests water quality parameters and limits therefor, appropriate to particular uses. 6. Assists in the acquisition of information pertinent to project studies. 7. Reviews comprehensive and/or special reports and provides critical comments. 8. Disseminates to respective groups represented the results of committee activities, activities and accomplishments of GLIKBP and any other matters of mutual interest or concern. To accomplish Item No. 5 'the Technical Committee organized four sub-committees called Water Quality Work Groups. Each work group was assigned the task of determining parameters suitable as indicators of water quality for a particular use or group of uses. In addition, the work groups determined limits for each parameter which could be used in establishing water quality goals necessary to accommodate desired beneficial uses of surface waters. Work group members are men in responsible positions in municipal water and sewer departments, research organizations, universities, conservation groups, industries, and State and Federal Agencies. They have technical knowledge and familiarity with water quality requirements for uses under consideration and in many cases have on their staffs specialists who assist them in the work group efforts. Each work group chairman is a member of the Technical Committee and in this capacity he reports on the activities and accomplishments to the committee. Membership of the Technical Committee for Lake Michigan and Illinois River Basins is listed on the following pages. ------- 13 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Lake Michigan and Illinois River Basins Mr. Loring F. Oeming Executive Secretary State of Michigan Water Resources Commission 200 Mill Street Lansing 13, Michigan Mr. C. W. KLassen Technical Secretary State of Illinois Sanitary Water Board Springfield,, Illinois Mr. Norval E. Anderson Chief Engineer The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago 100 East Erie Street Chicago 11, Illinois Dr. C. S. Boruff Technical Director Hiram Walker & Sons, Peoria 1, Illinois Inc. Mr. R. A. Hirshfield General Hydraulic Engineer Commonwealth Edison Company Chicago 90, Illinois Mr. B. A. Poole Technical Secretary Stream Pollution Control Board 1330 W. Michigan Street Indianapolis 7, Indiana Mr. 0. J. Muegge State Sanitary Engineer The State of Wisconsin Board of Health State Office Building Madison 2., Wisconsin • Mr. Ross L. Harbaugh Superintendent, Chemical Department Inland Steel Company Indiana Harbor Works East Chicago, Indiana Mr. A. F. Endres Manager Whiting Refinery American Oil Company 2400 New York Avenue Whiting, Indiana Mr. Burton H. Atwood National Treasurer Izaak Walton League Crystal Lake, Illinois Mr. Horace R. Frye Superintendent, Water & Sewer Dept. City of Evanston Evanston, Illinois Mr. Edward C. Logelin Vice President •U. S. Steel Corporation 208 South La Salle Street Chicago 90, Illinois. '. ------- Mr. P. J. Marschall Vice President in charge of Engineering Abbott Laboratories 14th and Sheridan North Chicago, Illinois Mr. C. J. McLean c/o Northeastern Illinois Metro- politan Area Planning Commission 72 West Adams Street Chicago 3, Illinois Mr. H. H. Gerstein Chief Water Engineer, Bureau of Water Department of Water and Sewers City of Chicago Chicago 2, Illinois Mr. Marvin Past Executive Director Great Lakes Commission Rackham Building Ann Arbor, Michigan Lake Erie Basin Technical Committee A great deal has been accomplished towards the formation of a technical committee to assist the Field Station and the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project in accomplishing their goal of attaining full cooperation of state and local agencies, municipalities, universities, other federal agencies and the general public in developing a program for water quality management. The ultimate need for this committee is its aid in gaining acceptance of the final water quality management plan. This 15-member committee will be composed of the water pollution control administrators from the five states, representatives from: (l) the major industries within the basin, (2) interest groups, (3) municipalities, and (4) the public at large. The representative members will be chosen from men in managerial capacities. Each member will be afforded the privilege of bringing technical consultants or colleagues to meetings. Also a member may send a substitute to meetings on occasions. The present thinking is that a Committee Member's tenure of office should expire if he disassociates with the group he represents or if he ceases to have a direct interest in the Lake Erie Basin. The committee should be functional through the life of the Public Health Service study. Names of persons recommended to the Surgeon General for appointment to the Lake Erie Basin Technical Committee are listed on the following pages. ------- 15 LAKE ERIE BASIN TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Proposed Membership List INDIANA 1. Mr. B. A. Poole, Director Bureau of Environmental Sanitation Indiana State Board of Health 1330 West Michigan Street Indianapolis 7, Indiana MICHIGAN 1. Mr. Loring P. Oeming, Chief Engineer Water Resources Commission Reniger Building 200 Mill Street Lansing 13, Michigan 2. Mr. C. H. R. Johnson, President Consolidated Paper Company Monroe, Michigan 3. Mr. Marvin Fast Great Lakes Commission Ann Arbor, Michigan PENNSYLVANIA 1. Mr. Karl M. Mason, Director Bureau of Environmental Health Pennsylvania Department of Health Health and Welfare Building Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 2. Mr. Michael E. Wargo Park Superintendent Presque Isle State Park Box 1115 Erie, Pennsylvania HEW YORK Dr. Meredith H. Thompson Assistant Commissioner Division of Environmental Health Services State Department of Health 8k Holland Avenue Albany 8, Nev York ------- 16 OHIO 1. Mr. George Eagle, Chief Division of Sanitary Engineering Ohio State Department of Health 101 North High Street Columbus 15, Ohio 2. Mr. R. H. Ferguson, Assistant Director of Industrial Relations Republic Steel Corporation Cleveland, Ohio Mr. R. H. Ferguson is in charge of all the water pollution control activities for the Republic Steel Corporation. 3. Mr. Charles E. Spahr, President Standard Oil Company Midland Building Cleveland, Ohio Mr. C. E. Spahr is President of the Standard Oil Company of Ohio. By reason of their refinery activities in Ohio, they are quite interested in water quality as well as water pollution problems from the oil refining industry. k. Mr. Walter Gerdel Commissioner of Sewage Disposal City of Cleveland City Hall Cleveland, Ohio 5. Mrs. Donald Francis League of Women Voters of Ohio 2228 Woodmere Drive Cleveland, Ohio ------- 17 ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FY 1964 The activities and accomplishments of the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project for FY '64 are presented by major areas of activ- ity with each of the major areas further subdivided to show degree of accomplishment by basins, and by Project organization group, whereappro- priate. Some of the material presented herein includes work done in earlier years which had not been previously summarized. The major areas of activity are: Basic Data Collection; Economic and Demographic Studies; Field Operations; Lake Current Measurements; Laboratory Activities; Engineering Analysis and Evaluation; Flow Regulation Studies; Coopera- tive Studies by other Agencies; Bibliography; Departures from FY '64 Plans; and Significant Progress toward Pollution Abatement. Ba_sic Data Collection The principal activities and work items are as follows: (l) Location and identification of waste sources - Compilation of data in inventory forms and report summaries; (2) Inventory of municipal, industrial and other water uses; (3) Acquisition and compilation of water quality data of record; (4) Index-coding for Data Storage and Retrieval System; and (5) Data Processing. In the subsequent para- graphs there is presented by separate drainage basins a summary of significant accomplishments and the current status of work activities. Illinois River Basin . . The inventory of municipal sewerage facilities contains infor- mation on nearly 600 communities. Over 200 of the communities and waste data therefore are listed separately in the basin report summary. Work is completed. . - ... An industrial wastes inventory, listing 186 industries with independent outfalls, was completed. Information was obtained from State and Sanitary District records and supplemented with visits to 54 plants and field measurements at 12 plants or locations. The inventory of municipal water supplies is completed and covers Approximately the same communities as the municipal sewerage inventory. The inventory of industrial process water supplies and other water uses is completed. Water quality data from about 75 State of Illinois monitoring stations was abstracted and compiled. Available data from other agencies was obtained and work activity is now. completed. ------- 18 Index-coding on 157 U.S.G.S. quadrangle maps is nearing comple- tion. Over 1,500 codings are shown, including nearly 600 communities. Overall work about 80$ complete. Estimate completion by 2/1/64. Systems were developed to code and store on punch cards all raw laboratory data and field observations of physical data. Approximately 70 computer programs were written to transfer the stored data to magnet- ic tape, to calculate stream loadings, and to perform statistical analyses to determine maximum, minimum, and average loadings, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variance, and standard error of each set of data. These programs have been used to transfer approximately. 35,000 items of data to magnetic tape, and to perform statistical analyses on these data. Programs were also written for machine calculation of the oxygen- sag equation, for calculation of alpha and beta radio-activity from radio-chemistry data, and for statistically analyzing data from the bacteriological laboratory. Lake Michigan Basin The inventory of municipal sewerage facilities will contain information on over 1,000 communities of which about 400 will be listed separately in the comprehensive report. Work is about 60$ complete. Estimate completion by 6/30/64. The industrial wastes inventory at present lists, about 360 industries with independent outfalls. Information was obtained from State agencies and supplemented with visits to 20 plants and field measurements at 15 plants. The work is about 60 percent completed. Estimate completion by 6/30/64. A study of pollution of Lake Michigan by vessels was completed. Information was obtained from Port Commissions,U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, and Park Districts. Commercial vessels carry 95,000,000 tons of cargo on 6?,000 trips in a year. An estimated 20,000 pleasure craft use Lake Michigan for about 400,000 trips. The inventory of municipal water supplies will include the same communities covered in the municipal sewerage inventory. Work is about 60$ complete and is expected to be complete by 6/30/64. Record water quality data in published form has been obtained. Abstraction of data from file records is still in progress. Work is about-4Q&~complete and completion is expected prior to 6/30/64. ------- 19 Index-coding on over 400 U.S.G.S. quadrangle maps is in progress. Over 4,000 individual codings will be required of which about 1,000 will be for communities. Table 1 is a list of special maps needed for coding.purposes. Work is about 20% complete. About 75$ completion is expected by 6/30/64. Variations of the Illinois River programs have been used to store about 15,000 items of Lake Michigan data on magnetic tape, and printouts of these data have been supplied for use of Project personnel. Lake Erie Basin The Municipal Water Supply Inventory is essentially complete for the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana. Approximately 490 water supplies have been inventoried in this program. The Municipal Sewage Inventory is essentially complete for the State of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana with 550 municipalities having been inventoried. The Industrial Waste and Water Use Inventory is essentially complete for the States of New York, Pennsylvania, and .. Indiana. The inventory for Ohio is approximately 2Q& com- plete. Data has been collected from a total of 18? industries. A considerable number of published reports pertaining to Lake Erie and its tributaries have been collected and reserved for pertinent water quality data. The reports have been catalogued and filed in the Field Station's library. Data for the land use study were collected for the States of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. The inventory data will be tabulated by tributary drainage subbasins to depict the waste load to the Lake and/or -to the water sources. This tabulation will be according to the method outlined in "The Storage and Retrieval of Data for Water Quality Control" by R. S. Green, Chief, Basic Data Branch, January, 1963. The program is essentially divided into two phases; storing and retrieving. Data is stored on magetic tape according to streanr level and mileage from the mouth of the stream and it is retrieved by utilizing control points identified by stream level and mileage. This Project has been computing river mileage indices which are the backbone of the program. These indices are being computed from and recorded on U.S.G.S. 1:24,000 topographic maps and 1:62,500 when ------- 20 the larger scale maps are not available. However, these large scale maps are not available for the northeast section of Indiana and the southeast section of Michigan. We have not computed mileage indices for the 1:250,000 topographic maps for these areas because of,the • limited accuracy but will wait until the larger scale maps become available. River mileage indices have been computed for all of the .major rivers and streams tributary to Lake Erie in the States of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Water course mileage from the mouth to the confluence of all streams have been computed for all levels of the streams. Watercourse mileages have also been computed to U.S.G.S. gaging stations, municipal sewage treatment plants and water treatment plants. Mileages to industrial waste outlets will also be computed as part of the inventory of industrial waste discharges. The next phase of the program will be the final coding of the streams according to levels. This phase of the program will be getting underway as soon as personnel are available. The report will consist of a relatively short narrative em- phasizing the major or critical sections of the inventory depicted in the tabulation. Special waste sources will be evaluated separately in the report. The inventory section will be essentially complete by the end of FY 1964. Economic Studies Illinois River Basin A preliminary chapter was prepared describing the major popu- lation and economic aspects of the 15 economic subregions of the Basin. Items covered included trends in value added by manufacture, population (total and municipal), employment, agriculture and trade and services. Five state regional trends (East North Central) were also analyzed and charted. Population projections (total and municipal) were also made for subregions to the year 2010. Supporting data was also prepared and analyzed. To the extent available projections by local government agencies were utilized. "' ,' A preliminary study was completed of the Legal, Administrative and Regulatory aspects of water pollution control in the Illinois River Basin. Items covered included a description of State and local organizations concerned with water pollution control and a description of the major statutory authorities and responsibilities of these or- ganizations together with citations of court decisions. The first. draft of this report has been prepared. ------- TABLE 1 SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGE BASIN* 15 -Minute Michigamme Herman Sidnaw Champion Negaunee Keweenaw Bay Skanee Huron Mtn. Big Bay Marquette Thayer Watersmeet Kent on Roussea Perch Lake Ned Lake Witch Lake Republic Ishpeming Gwinn Skandia Laughing Fish Pt. Au Train Wood Island Grand Portal Pt. Muns ing Shingleton Echerman Strong Shelldrake Brimley Sault St. Marie ...ake George Steuben Corner Lake Trenary Rock Northland Ralph Sagola Three Rivers Vandal ia State of Foster City Gladstone Rapid River Garden Cooks Fairport Peninsula Pt. Escanaba Wausaukee Stephens on Marinette Cross Village Kellston Mullett Lake Tower Petoskey Beaver Isl . Gull Isl. Hog Isl. South Fox Isl. Charlevoix Bayshore Wolverine Worth Manitou Worthport Central Lake Cheboygan Gaylord Empire Maple City Traverse City Elk Rapids Mancelona Alba Frankfort Thompsonville Kingsley Fife Lake Kalkaska Fletcher Benton Harbor Cassopolis Michigan Grayling Bar Lake Onekema Copemish Mesick Caddilac Worth Lake City Houghton Lake Man is tee Free soil Wellston Luther Cadillac South Marion Harrison Ludington Custer Baldwin Reed City Evart Lake Clare Hart Hesperia White Cloud Woodville Big Rapids Mt . Pleasant Montague Twin Lake Fremont Sand Lake Howard City Alma Merrill Lake Harbor Muskegon Ravenna Cedar Springs Perrington Hartford Niles Elsie Chesaning Durand Corunna Laingsburg De Witt Portland Ionia Lowell Grand Rapids Grandville Holland Fennville Allegan Wayland Hastings Nashville Charlotte Lans ing Mason Fowlerville Lowell Dexter Stockbridge Rives Jet. Springport Marshall Battle Creek Kalamazoo Gobies Bango South Haven Manchester Saline Jackson Spring Arbor Homer Union City Leonidas Schoolcraft Marcellus Three Oaks All Lake Michigan Basin maps needed prior to 1/1/6U ------- ------- TABLE 1 (Cont'd.) SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGE BASIN State of Michigan Tj-Mirmte Michigamme Lake Mary Champion Diorte Marquette Marquette NW Wegaunee SW Wegaunee Witch Lake Republic Ishpeining Greenwood Palmer Sands Gwinn Fibre Rudyard Pickford Pickford NW Munussong Munussong NE Moran NW Moran NE Big Beaver Creek Piatt Lake Hulbert Eckerman McNearing Lake Strongs Pendills Lake Sullivan Creek Sheephead Lake Timberlost Shelldrake Emerson Dollar Settlement Norway Brimley Paco Kinross Shallows Sault Ste. Marie S. Lafter Barbeau Payment Baiede de Wasai Oak Ridge Helena N¥ Helena NE Helena SW Helena SE Ralph NW Ralph WE Kiernan Channing Lake Margrethe Sagola Amas Kels Jet. Fortune Lakes Crystal Falls Sunset Lake Gibbs City Iron River Gaastra Naults Stagger Commonwealth Randville Iron Mtn. Gladstone NW Gladstone SW Gladstone NE Gladstone SE Rapid River SW Rapid River SE Bark River NE Buican Vermilion Vermilion SE Whitefish Point Otsego Lake Turtle Lake Big Bradford Lake K P Lake Black Creek Fletcher Cote Dame Marie Grayling Wakeley Lake Perecheney Roscommon Worth Baldwin NW Baldwin NE Baldwin SW Baldwin SE Bedford Bellevue Ceresco Battle Creek Delton Galesburg Augusta Banfield Hillsdale North Adams Reading Frontier Camden California Kinderhook Bronson S. Burr Oak Sturgis Nottawa Colon Bronson N Coldwater W Coldwater E Michigan areas needed but not shown as available on state index map: Luce Schoolcraft Mackinac Menominee Montcalm Counties Portions of: Dickerson Charlevoix Roscommon Clare Gratiot Hillsdale Branch St. Joseph ------- ------- TABLE 1 (Cont'd.) SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGE BASIN State of Wisconsin 15-Minute Star Lake Phelps Beechwood Minoc qua Ro~bbins Three Lakes Alvin Long Lake Florence Iron Mountain Norway Cassian Rhinelander Monico Crandon Laona Goodman Dunbar Bembine Tomahawk Parrish Elcho Wisconsin Rapids Whiting Amherst Waupaca Weyauwega New London Appleton De Pere Denmark Kewaunee Milladore Stevens Point Rosholt Tigerton Clintonville Enibaras s Seymour Green Bay Hew Franken Casco Algoma Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan South Mauston Oxford Montello Keshkoro Ripon Rosendale Fond Du Lac Kiel Howards Grove Sheboygan North Arkdale Coloma Wecedah Wautoma Redgranite Weenah Chilton Reedsville Manitowoc Racine Silver Lake Lake Geneva Eagle Hales Corners South Milwaukee Hartland Waukesha Milwaukee Horicon Hartford West Bend Port Washington Reedsburg Ellison Bay Washington Island Sister Bay Sturgeon Bay Jacksonport Merton Oconomo Hartland Sussex Menominee Falls Waukesha Wauwatosa Thiensville Milwaukee Port Washington W. Port Washington E. Cedarburg Appleton De Pere Bellevue Green Bay West Green Bay East Oshkosh Wisconsin areas needed but not shown as available on state index map: Adams County Winnebago County A Portion of Door County ------- ------- TABLE 1 (Cont'd.) SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGE BASIN State of Wisconsin T?-Minute Wisconsin Dells Briggsville Portage Randolph Fox Lake Waurun Campbellsport Kewaskum Lily Wabeno Thunder Mountain Athelstane Wausaukee Stephenson Merrill Doering Antigo White Lake Langlade Mountain Coleman Porterfield Marinette Marathon Wausau Hatley Wittenburg Gresham Shawano Gillett Oconto Falls Oconto Stonebank Iron River Gaastra Fortune Lakes Naults Stage r Commonwealth Randville Norway Vulcan Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan South School Hill St. Wendell Franklin Howards Grove Cleveland Sheboygan North Manitowoc Sturtevant Racine South Pleasant Prairie Kenosha Paddock Lake Muskego Hales Corners Waterford North Cape Greendale S. Milwaukee Frandsville Racine North ------- ------- TABLE 1 (Cont'd.) SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN State of Indiana 15-Minute ?1?-Minute (Cont'd.) Tolleston Lydick Porter South Bend West South Bend East TJ-Minute Osceola Schneider Shelby DeMotte Weatfield Lowell Leroy Hebron Kouts La Crosse St. John Crown Point Palmer Valpariso Wanatah Hanna Kingsford Hts. Hamlet Walkerton Lapaz Bremer Nappanee West Nappanee East Milford Wawasee Ligonier Ormas North Webster Leesburg Bourban Inwood Donaldson Knox East Knox West Warsaw Pierceton Lorane Plymouth Indiana a.reas needed but not shown as available on state index map: Newton County Jasper County Starke County Fulton County Kosciusko County Whitley County Wabash County Pulaski County White County Marshall County La Porte County St. Joseph County ------- TABLE 1 (Cont'd.) SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN State of Illinois 1$-Minute 7?-Minute McHenry Wheeling Gray's Lake Highland Park Waukegan Arlington Heights Elgin Park Ridge Barrington Evanston ------- 21 Lake Michigan Watershed Information was compiled on past economic and population trends (total and municipal) for the 1? subregions of this watershed. Major economic items for which trend data was analyzed included value added by manufacture and employment. Descriptions of the agricultural econ- omy were also included. Preliminary population projections were made for economic subregions. An outline and a proposed contract was prepared relative to Legal, Administrative and Regulatory aspects of water pollution control. Items to be covered include organizational structures, statutory provisions and analysis of the adequacy of these factors. Lake Erie Watershed Information was compiled on past population and economic trends for the 17 subregions of this watershed. Major economic items included were value added by manufacture and employment. Detroit River-Lake Erie Study In connection with the Enforcement Study of this area, past and future population growth characteristics were summarized. Past trends in manufacturing activity were also summarized, and analyzed. A report draft was prepared for the Detroit River-Lake Erie Project. Field Operations In support of the Project's objectives to obtain factual water quality data for use in comprehensive basin planning activities, the Field Operations Branch has been engaged in an intensive program of sample collection, stream flow measurement, lake current studies and data processing responsibilities. The activities and accomplishments of the first three sections of this Branch are reported below. The activities and accomplishments of the Data Processing Section have been incorporated in the report on Basic Data Collection. Illinois River Basin Field operations in the Illinois River Basin in FY '64 consisted mainly of completing activities which had been started earlier. Eight stations on the Illinois River, for the purpose of col- lecting virus and bacteria by the Moore gauze pad technique, were dis- continued in November, 1963 at the conclusion of this study. These stations had been serviced weekly for more than one year. ------- 22 Carbon filters' Installed on the Illinois Waterway at Wilmette and Lockport, and continuous dissolved oxygen analyzers at Wilmette, Lockport and Peoria were removed in October, completing this phase of the study. An investigation of bottom deposits in the upper waterway, Wilmette to Lockport, was made in February and March. A previous study, made in August 1961, indicated that sludge deposits five to seven feet in depth existed in most of the waterway. In ther . later study, sediment depths were found to be significantly less than those found previously. It is believed that high flows which occurred during September 196l, as a result of over Ik inches of rain, scoured the channel, and that deposits have not yet built ! up to the depths which obtained earlier. In connection with the sewer overflow studies, water level gages were operated in the Roscoe Street sewer during the first half of FY 6k} while gages were removed from the Union Avenue sewer. Rainfall has been very sparse throughout the fall, producing very few overflows. All gages will be removed by January 1. ' First drafts of sections of the basin report have been written, covering sampling activities, hydraulic measurements and computations, and special studies conducted by the Branch. Lake Michigan The major emphasis in collection of samples and hydraulic measurements was in the following areas of activity in the Lake Michigan Basin during the year. These were lake sampling, tributary sampling, Calumet area, Menominee River, and Beach and-Marina Studies. Lake Sampling - Sampling of Lake Michigan was conducted through- out the working season, using three vessels operated by the Corps of Engineers, and one operated by the Fish and Wildlife Service. A total of 1,410 station stops were made, with an average of about k depths sampled at each station. In general, extended range stations were visited once, and harbor and inshore stations several times each. In addition, various physical observations and measure- ments were made for meteorological and oceanographic purposes. This activity is 95$ complete, and will be completed during the 4th quarter, FY 64. During the past season, most of the sampling in Lake Michigan has been accomplished using the vessel T-509 which is equipped with a laboratory and quarters for a crew of eight. The vessel T-501, a sister ship to the T-509, will be equipped with a laboratory and ------- 23 crew's quarters this winter at the Corps of Engineers' boatyard in Kewaunee, Wisconsin. Thus, the Project will have two lab boats available during the 4th quarter FY 1964. The T-509 will be assigned to the Lake Erie Field Station, for full time work in Lake Erie next season. The T-501 will be used for deep water sampling in the areas occupied by current meter stations in Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Tributary Sampling - Sampling of Lake Michigan tributaries on a weekly basis was begun in April 1963 and is scheduled to continue for one year. Twenty-nine stream stations were established, generally near the mouths of the tributaries. However, selected stations were located inland to determine waste loads from runoff from areas with different types of land use. In connection"with this program, it was necessary to establish and operate four stream gaging stations in order to determine daily flows on those streams for which the U. S. Geological Survey could not furnish the data. Calumet Area, Illinois and Indiana - An intensive survey of the streams and lake front in the Calumet area was made during August and September. The study was conducted for two ten-day periods with a four-day break in between. A total of 35 river stations were sampled daily, and 50 lake stations were sampled five times during the survey. Stream flow was measured at four locations during the study. The industrial complex in the Calumet area was the subject of a screening survey for industrial wastes during October, November, and December. A total of 95 outfalls and 10 water intakes were sampled at selected industries on Calumet Harbor and Indiana Harbor. Stream samples were also collected at selected locations. Samples were collected at 2 or 3-hour intervals and"composited on a 24 or 48-hour basis for each industry sampled. A flow measurement was made at the time each sample was collected. Results of this survey will be used to determine which industries will be intensively studied in the coming months. Inshore and harbor stations in the Calumet area of Lake , Michigan were investigated on three occasions for phenolics concen- tration. Samples were collected in October, November and December at 42 locations from Calumet Harbor to Burns Ditch. Particular emphasis was placed on areas adjacent to municipal water intakes. Menominee River Sampling - During August, field support was furnished to personnel from R. A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, in a joint sampling program of the Menominee River and Menominee Harbor. Data was collected on the water quality of the area to ------- 24 support an enforcement study "by PHS. Technical and scientific ; personnel and equipment were furnished for a two-week period., Twenty stations were sampled twice a day for ten days. Beach and Marina Sampling - A study of water quality in bathing areas of public beaches and at marinas in Milwaukee and the Chicago area was made in late August. Samples were collected in the morning and afternoon,, for 5 days including a weekend, at four beaches in the Chicago area, .At Milwaukee beach samples were collected for Ik days. Samples were also collected once daily at marinas•located in the general vicinity of the beaches. Lake Erie Basin Reconnaissance Activities- During the year a development sampling program was undertaken. Nine harbor and lake-affected tributary areas were sampled at lh-0 stations for a total of 1,000 samples. During the year two cruises were made of the,inshore and extended range stations in the U. S. and Canadian portions of .lake Erie. Samples were collected from three depths at the,extended range stations and from mid-depth at inshore stations. Selected chemical, bacteriological and biological analyses were made on the samples.. Five-hundred samples were collected from 150 stations in U. S. Waters and 33 stations in Canadian Waters. In addition, 200 samples were collected in dispersion studies at two areas of river confluence with the Lake. Tributary Sampling Program - The Lake Erie Basin Tributary Program will begin during the 3rd quarter and will consists of studying the significant streams to furnish a water quality, manage- ment plan that can be used to control the quantity and quality of . water at the desired levels. In order to prepare such a water quality management plan, one : must be able to predict the water quality and water quantity under varying conditions of weather, waste loading, and flow rates. These predictions can be made through judicious use of mathematical models or formulas derived from data collected from the stream under varying conditions. The tributary sampling program will be designed to collect data necessary for the derivation of these mathematical models. ------- 25 The following streams will be studied: Maumee River Ottawa River Portage River Sandusky River Black River Rocky River Cuyahoga River Clinton River Tributary Load Contribution Studies - The tributary load contribution studies will begin in January, 196^. These studies will be conducted for the purpose of determining the waste contributed to the lake by the streams. A principal use of this data will be the construction of long term water quality models on the lake A great deal of study has resulted in the conclusion that the most practical way of determining the waste contribution of streams to Lake Erie is to add the waste contributions to the lake-affected area to that coming into the area from upstream. Specifically, the proposal is to establish sampling points at convenient points above the lake-affected areas where fairly accurate flow measurements can be made. Analysis will be made for phosphorous, nitrogen, BOD, DO, and other routine waste parameters plus other parameters of local significance. The load contribution from the lake-affected area will be determined from the inventory supplemented by data collection in the tributary model studies. In addition to the streams listed above, the St. Glair River and Lake St. Clair will be included in this phase of the study. Results obtained by the Detroit-Lake "Erie Project will be incorporated into these studies also. Harbor and Inshore Sampling Program - The inshore sampling program will begin during the rth quarter. This program is designed to collect data that can be mathematized %mto a formula or model to be used as a tool in managing the water quality of areas with critical water uses. ------- 26 Intensive or synoptic type surveys will begin during the Vbh quarter. This program vill furnish data necessary to,construct a prediction model for areas of the lake adjacent to areas with critical water uses and will consist of sampling a large number of stations for a few significant parameters over a two day period. When particular conditions exist causing the waste to "plume" into the lake, special studies will be made to collect data to mathematize and to describe the effects on water quality. The parameters measured will depend upon the character of the waste under study. Several parameters easily and quickly determined such as specific conductivity, chlorides and temperature will be used to guide the sampling and confine it to the plume, except for control samples taken from the surrounding waters. We estimate two to three such studies will be made. Meteorological data, such as wind velocity, duration, temperature, sunshine, precipitation, etc., will be collected for each study period. Four of the synoptic studies will be made in each area under study. Twelve general areas are considered for study,— four from Detroit and eight from Cleveland. The four from Detroit are: two in Lake St. Glair, Detroit, and Toledo. The eight from Cleveland are: Sandusky, Lorain, Cleveland, Pairport, Ashtabula, Erie, Irving, and Buffalo. There will be one to three synoptic survey areas in each of the general areas. This program may be conducted in conjunction with a two weeks per season type inshore sampling program. Samples will be analyzed for phosphorous, nitrogen, BOD, DO and other routine waste parameters of local significance. Extended Bange Sampling - The extended range cruises will furnish data to supplement existing data for the construction of a long-term prediction model. One such cruise will be conducted in each of the three seasons, spring, summer and fall, using a T-boat with laboratory, Special Studies - These studies will be designed to assist in the evaluation of special problems that will arise during the course of the study, to establish significant sources of pollution, and the development of the comprehensive .water quality management program. The need for special studies will be determined as each individual phase of the study is completed and evaluated. ------- 27 At the present time it is unknown exactly how many special studies will be undertaken. The following activities will be considered: Storm water overflows., Carbon filter studies,, Bathing beach surveys and Industrial waste surveys. In general, the special studies will be joint efforts with state, county, city and local agencies. The Pub lie'-Health Service will act as.coordinator and furnish laboratory and technical assistance as required to facilitate the programs. Combined Sewer and Storm Run-off studies planning is in the formative stage at this time. Present thinking is that the Combined Sewer studies are likely to be confined to compilation, review, and analysis of existing data and reports. Such a program should include the Cities of Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Erie, and Buffalo. On the other hand, if legislation presently before Congress should secure early passage, special emphasis will be placed on the Combined Sewer study in Cleveland. A special survey has been conducted in conjunction with the City of Cleveland to collect and sort data oh its combined sewer system. The results of this survey have been forwarded to the Basic Data Branch in Washington. Carbon filter stations will be located at tributary sites and at such places along the watercourse as would be subject to changing conditions of organic loading. No valid and firm location of the carbon filter stations can be made without an on-site survey. The following locations indicate the sites of existing or proposed stations: Detroit River, Maumee River, Cuyahoga River, Niagara River (2 locations), and Buffalo River. The following locations will be considered in selecting sites for additional carbon filter units:. Blade River, Grand River and Lake Erie - Selected water intakes, It is anticipated that sampling of bathing beaches will be undertaken to determine the extent of bacteriological pollution. ' Sampling at the beaches will, involve determination of the bathing loads, weather conditions, and the bacteriological quality. It is anticipated that this study will be a cooperative effort with state, county, city, and local agencies and the field station will coordinate the activities. It is anticipated that sampling of waste water outlets from selected industrial waste sources discharging separately to the watercourses under study will be required. ------- 28 Industrial waste sampling would include the installation of special flow measuring equipment and other sampling and monitoring equipment as required by the waste "being sampled. It is anticipated that this will "be a cooperative program with the various industries and state agencies. Lake Current Studies Lake Michigan Basin Current Measurements - The current meter program for FT 1964 included a total of 32 stations. These stations were removed from the lake in October and November and 18 new stations were set for operation through the winter of 1963-64. The data from the summer- fall stations will be processed in the third and fourth quarter. A typical setting is described by reference to Figure 2. The station is set and descriptive information included with a sketch similar to Figure 2 for each station. This is filed in the master-log book as an "out" station. The station is allowed to remain in the lake for a period of 3-4 months, on a predetermined schedule. Upon retrieval, an identification sheet, Figure 3; is made out for each meter, and is sent with the film to the film processor. The film is removed from the meters, checked for distance moved, indexed to the meter number and forwarded to Cine Service for processing. Cine Service sends two copies of the film to the Geodyne Corporation who previews the film stores the original and forwards the previewed film to Information International. The preview dis- closes the exact start, film irregularities, unusual changes, etc. Information International reads the film according to the New York University instructions and places the data on magnetic tape. The tape is sent to N.Y.U. New York University runs the tape on any of several programs , constructed by the staff of GLIHBP. The contract with W.Y.U. has only been in force for one month and further programming has not been completed. At present, we now program a two hour envelope of speed and direction, standard deviation, histogram - bivariate frequency distribution of speed and direction, data printout, and 6, 12, 24, and 48-hour averages. ------- ,34. ^ locatior—U!Q p/( '-•' o? OvJ - set 6 August 1563 .-- 1215 CDI aneir. . 12li>' CJT 184- floo ._ .. 3ot> FIGURE 2 398 it D its ------- Date Film Serial No. Type of Inst. Date/Time Started Date/Time Ended Speed of Film (Cont.) Lat: Lake: Beginning Ft. Mark Emulsion No. Serial No. Station No. Depth Time (interval) Long: Job: Frames Skipped Batch No. Processing Neg. Edge No's Original Positive Quantity Prints Original Stored 1st Print Stored 2nd Print Stored Film to be read Continuous Recovery Buoy $ Interval Temperature Recorder # Copy _Geodyne Information International _NYU Permanent File Other Files GREAT LAKES 8 ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT IDENTIFICATION SHEET AND LOG US DEPT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, 8 WELFARE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE REGION V CHICAGO, ILLINOIS FIGIIRF 3 ------- 29 Perhaps the unique accomplishment is the collection and . tabulation of nearly one million current meter readings and the collection of nearly one million temperature records to date. The data has disclosed several important factors: 1. The presence of high speed (1.6 mph) currents at the 800 foot depth. • 2. The presence of rotating or wave form movements at nearly all depths with a period near the inertial period (17+ hours). This period is induced by the earth's rotation. 3. The presence of long and short period internal waves on the thermocline over the entire lake. These periods vary from 20 minutes to over 17 hours (the inertial period); The-wave heights on the thermocline appear to be about 25 feet high during August. 4. Southern Lake Michigan has two principal circulations, clockwise in winter and counterclockwise in summer. 5. The winter '62-'63 data have been analyzed in some detail and the circulation appears to be wind dependent. In addition to the earlier reports of Lake Current Studies, LM Series 7 thru 11, submitted to the Department of Justice, the Section has submitted LM 12, "Currents in the Southern Basin" which was also entered in evidence. The Section has completed, in draft form, a report on the. initial studies in Lake Michigan covering the Period December 1962 to April 1963. This report includes the types and kinds of equipment being used and methods of processing the data. It is expected to be available by February of this year. Wind and Current Relationships - Progress was made in developing a general model of lake currents produced by several of the possible wind regimes for Lake Michigan. A computer program has been written for this purpose. Availability of buoy and aerovane wind data with some of the current data, and development of a method of systematically relating this wind observation to the air pressure field over the Lake, assisted in this task. Comparative Rainfall Studies - (a) A comparative rainfall study, warm season only, between the Chicago area and the 68th Street Crib, 3 miles offshore in Lake Michigan, is being conducted to develop better understanding of shore to over water rainfall. ------- 30 (b) Rainfall data, warm season only, is being recorded on three Chesapeake and Ohio Kailroad car ferries in central Lake Michigan to gain familiarity with over-water rain occurrence on this portion of the Lake. Additional data are needed to .carry out meaningful analysis. (c) A small network of 10 cooperative stations for observation of snowfall and temperature has been established on the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan. A study of these data is expected to provide a better understanding of conditions leading to the development of the different types of lake snow storms. This should lead to a method for estimating the amount of water which evaporates from the lake surface during periods of snowfall, and to an improvement in the prediction of lake snowfall intensities. Comparative Cloud Observations - Cloud data for Lake Michigan were gathered by C-LIKBP sampling crews while on the water. Worth Central Airlines also supplied over-water cloud cover data. Comparison of over-water cloud cover to that over surrounding shore areas will permit estimation of radiation differences received by the water and by surrounding land areas. Reduction of these data by the meteorologist, at this time, is not planned. Meteorological Tower - A steel tower rising 55 feet above the water surface, located a mile west of Muskegon, Michigan, in 50 feet of water, was erected by the Corps of Engineers. This tower provides a platform for the study of momentum flux between air and water. This tower, which is movable, will remain in the Lake, except during winter months when it is stored at Grand Haven, Michigan. Instrumentation during the fall of 19^3 provided preliminary data, and studies will be carried on during next spring, summer and fall. The meteorologist will keep the Project advised of the progress of this study. ------- 31 Laboratory Activities In support of this Project's objectives to o"btain factual vater quality data for use in comprehensive "basin planning activities, the Laboratory Branch has been engaged in an intensive analytical program consisting of biological, microbiological, chemical and r~-Biochemical analysis of samples collected for these purposes, and reports incorporating the findingsresuiting from these analyses. These activities and accomplishments are reported below by the various sections of the Laboratory Branch. Illinois River Basin Biology - Pour seasonal field studies of the Illinois River System were completed prior to July 1, 1962, and laboratory analyses of approximately 915 collections were completed in May, 1963- Some of these data were used to report effect of Chicago Metropolitan Area wastes to the Special Master in the U. S. Supreme Court diversion hearings. Tabulations and graphic presentations of the data are finished and a final report evaluating biological conditions of the Illinois River System is in progress. A study was made to determine the causes of severe algal problems in the Fox River Chain of Lakes. About forty phytoplankton and water chemistry samples were analyzed to better define the severity of bloom. The history of the lakes was gleaned from the file of several agencies and from field inspections. A report was completed that discussed the elements of the problem and outlined immediate and long-term remedial measures. A similar study was made at Cedar Lake but only six sets of samples were analyzed. Previous work at the lake by the Project biologist obviated the necessity for a large sampling program. A report was prepared that defined the problem and suggested remedial measures. Microbiology - This activity involved intensive field samplings collected throughout the basin, beginning in 196! and continuing through 1962, with a study of virus prevalence continuing through 1963. Included in this activity were the basic microbiological investigations of the principal streams in terms of coliform and fecal strep density, studies of storm water overflow, sewage treatment plant effluents, effect of chlorination on treatment plant effluents, survival of indicator organisms in various environments, and occurrence of entero-pathogenic bacteria and virus. Approximately 22,000 analyses were performed on the samples obtained. ------- • 32 Special reports were prepared on the findings of the above studies and have been incorporated in the Project's report to' the Department of Justice and in the "Chicago and Environs" report to the Jones Committee. The report of microbiological findings to be incorporated in the Illinois River Basin Comprehensive Plan is in its terminal stage of completion. Chemistry - The primary objective of the Chemistry laboratory was to determine the physical and chemical quality of waters in this basin. This study which included Lake Michigan , the upper and lower Illinois R}.ver, storm water overflows, tributaries,, industrial wastes, and sewage, treatment plants consisted of the collection of over • 11,300 samples and over 200,000 analytical tests. The major tests are listed as follows; Biochemical Oxygen Demand ABS Dissolved Oxygen Iron Chlorides Toxic Metals Sulfates Suspended Solids Ammonia Nitrogen Dissolved Solids Organic Nitrogen Alkalinity Nitrate Nitrogen Organic Contaminants Phosphates (a) Carbon Chloroform Extracts Phenols (b) Carbon Alcohol Extracts The data programmed on an electronic computer was printed out and analyzed. Graphic illustrations and tabulations have been' made. The final report of findings in the Illinois River Basin is now under preparation and will be completed in January The laboratory was enabled to complete this tremendous volume of analyses through the acquisition of two Technicon Auto-Analyzers and the intensive use of other instrumentation on many of the analytical procedures . . Radiochemis try - The study of radiochemical quality of water in the basin has consisted of direct laboratory analyses and collection of information from State, local and private records. ' Laboratory analyses, consisting of gross alpha and beta counts of samples of suspended and dissolved solids, bottom muds, algae and bottom dwelling organisms, have resulted in a total of 2700 deter- minations. Laboratory automation and data processing by computer techniques has minimized the cost and manpower needs of this activity. Preliminary results of the findings have already been incorporated ------- 33 into the reports to the Department of Justice. The final report, for inclusion in the Illinois River Comprehensive Plan, is scheduled for completion "by January 1964. Lake Michigan Basin Biology - Lake sampling began in 1962 and carried through • to December 1963. In order to determine the lake areas adversely affected by wastes, and the general biological condition of the lake, approximately 2,250 collections were made of three principal parameters: the benthic fauna to evaluate localized effects of pollutants and to determine the progress of eutrophication; net plankton to assay biological productivity and to measure the standing crop of photosynthetic materials; and phytoplankton to determine the species distribution of the standing crop. Related limnological measurements such as secchi disc readings, temperature, and pH were made in the field. All of the laboratory examinations for 1962 lake specimens are complete and about 60$ of the 19^3 examinations are complete. All of the Lake Michigan data will be ready for tabulation in April 1964. ..-• , ---In November and December, 19&3 a wildfowl kill involving an estimated 10,000 birds occurred on the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan. Project biologists devoted many days to a study '<& the kill, including the dissection of birds, analysis of thei'r organs arid gut contents. Early coordination of the investigation by several federal and state agencies was assumed. Bioassays were made of 56 industrial waste samples ;as a "part of the Calumet area survey. Tests are continuing but^an -interim report has been completed and submitted to the Engineering Section. - ------- Special investigations were made in July and August, of an infestation of Lake Michigan littoral waters by filamentous algae, generally Cladophora. Project biologists were in contact with the Chicago South District Filtration Plant where the material clogged water plants intake screens. Microbiology - A comprehensive survey of the distribution - of certain bacterial forms in Lake Michigan is being made to detect the extent of existing pollution and the general organic enrichment of these waters. These include the incidence and distribution of coliform, fecal streptococci, and bacterial flora capable of growth at 20°C and 35°C. Generic identification of the growths at 20°C and 35°C was also undertaken. Special laboratory vessels, fitted with oceanographic equipment} were necessary for this activity. Short-term investigations were made on several streams tributary to Lake Michigan, with greatest emphasis on the network of streams at the southern tip of the Lake in Illinois and Indiana where the largest industrial complex in the entire study area is located. This activity is completed. The results will be included in the Lake Michigan Comprehensive Report. A special field laboratory with professional personnel was provided for a short-term study pf the Menominee River in Michigan as part of an anti-pollution enforcement action. Five beaches and five marinas were studied. The beaches and marinas were located in Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. The objective was to determine the present water quality in these areas and to study the effect of the respective recreational usages of the waters. The Microbiology Section has prepared reports of its findings in the study of Lake Michigan for inclusion in the Project's report to the Department of Justice and also in the "Chicago and Environs" report to the Jones Committee. It has also prepared several reports for publication as listed elsewhere. Its report on findings in Lake Michigan, for the Lake Michigan Comprehensive report is scheduled for completion by July, 196^. Chemistry - The objective was to determine the existing , chemical quality of the lake waters and to determine the effects, of additional pollutional loads on the quality in future years. Approximately 1200 samples have been collected since the beginning ------- 35 of the fiscal year. Over 5.000 analyses have been completed to date. The total analyses when completed on all collected samples will approximate about 25,000 determinations. The parameters under study are essentially those listed earlier for the Illinois River .basin. The data are processed electronically at the facility in SEC and will be analyzed and presented in a comprehensive report to be completed in July 1964. A study was made to determine the concentration of phenolics, oil, and ammonia, and the pattern of distribution of these pollutants in the southern basin of Lake Michigan. This activity has entailed the collection of ^65 samples and 1^00 analyses to date. Tributaries studies were undertaken on the tributaries discharging into Lake Michigan, to measure the loads of pollution entering the lake from this source. Over 900 samples have been collected to date and 3>9^0 analyses made. The completion of this study will entail the collection of approximately 1,600 samples and 33,000 analytical determinations. In the tributaries program, special attention was devoted to the Calumet River system, since this is perhaps the most heavily industrialized area. This study included collection of about 700 samples with 16,000 analytical , determinations. The primary objective of the industrial wastes survey was to determine the effect and extent of pollution from industrial outfalls discharging wastes into the tributaries and also, the lake. This study began in October 1963- Approximately 130 samples have been collected to date and 780 chemical determinations performed. Included in these analyses have been tests for phenols, cyanides, sulfides, phosphates, D.O. and iron. The complete study will approximate around 2,600 chemical determinations. A comprehensive study of chemical pollution indicators was undertaken on five beaches and five marinas located in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The principal objective of the study was to determine the chemical quality of the water in respect to recreational usage and requirements. A special pesticide residual testing program was conducted along the streams discharging from the fruit country in lower Michigan.' Three streams were sampled a total of l4 times from June thru September. The samples were processed in GLIRBP laboratories and later sent to Atlanta, Georgia for analysis by gas chromatography. ------- 36 A study of taste and odor problems at six Chicago and vicinity water intakes was begun FY 64. The carbon filter is used in this study to determine the organic contaminants. Sixty-four samples have been analyzed to date. Radiochemis t ry - Radiochemical levels are being investigated as a part of the' study of water quality of the lake and its tributaries, using the same parameters as in the Illinois River. Some Sr-90 analyses are also being carried out on samples from tributaries discharging to the lake. Approximately 17,000 analytical determinations will result from this study. A preliminary report of radiochemical findings in Lake Michigan has been corporated in the Project's report to the Department of Justice. The report of findings in Lake Michigan is scheduled for completion by July 1964, for inclusion in the Lake Michigan Comprehensive Plan. Special sampling of Lake Michigan in the area near the Big Rock Point Nuclear Reactor was planned for December 1963 and April of 1964. The December study was cut short by bad weather. 'The April study will be of five days duration. This study will include sampling for water, plankton, algae, bottom muds and biological specimens, which will be analyzed for gross alpha and beta activity and for specific radionuclides when gross activities are high. Approximately 100 water samples, 100 plankton samples, 100 bottom muds and over 100 biological specimens will be collected. Over 1,000 analyses will be made at a laboratory cost of 45 man days and $4,000. The report of this study will be included in the lake Michigan Comprehensive Report. Lake Erie Basin Biology - Biological investigations in the Lake Erie area will be undertaken with four ultimate objectives: To evaluate the general biological conditions of the lake; to define local or zonal effects from tributaries and waste discharges; to provide the biological information required for explanation and interpretation of certain chemical, bacterial and physical data; and to guide the development of water quality control measures that will promote desirable, and inhibit undesirable aquatic life. ------- 37 .Samples of benthic animals, attached flora, and phytoplankton will be collected at stations selected to coincide with stations where chemical, physical and bacteriological measurements will be made. A minimum program would involve studies of the biological. parameters as outlined below: Parameters Frequency Phytoplankton " Bi-weekly in streams A3.1 samples from lake . Benthic fauna Seasonal Attached algae Seasonal Rooted weeds Seasonal The following activities have been begun, completed., or scheduled for FY 1964-: 1. Biological investigations will be extended to the - Detroit and St. Clair Rivers, and Lake St. Clair in the spring of 1964. Also upstream portions of Lake Erie tributaries, selected for study by Field. Operations will be sampled. 2. All navigable portions of major Lake Erie tributaries and harbors have been sampled for bottom fauna and attached algae two to three times, and for aquatic weeds once. The final survey of bottom fauna and attached algae in this area is planned for spring 1964. 3- Curing the past year biologists were aboard three Lake Erie inshore cruises and one extended range cruise collecting benthic and plankton samples. One extended , range cruise is scheduled for the spring of 1964. 4. Bi-weekly plankton sampling of 31 stations-in-~l4 -Lake Erie tributaries has begun and will continue for at least one year, 5. Laboratory personnel have begun processing benthic samples and this will continue for the reirainder of the year. Plankton samples are being counted by biologists in the Chicago laboratory. ------- 38 6. One preliminary report has been prepared on the first tributary sampling trip. 7- A literature survey of reports, papers, etc. pertinent to aquatic biology in Lake Erie will begin in January 1964. Approximately 130 stations in 15 river and 15 harbor areas have been sampled twice each. In addition approximately 250 benthic samples and 250 plankton tows have been collected from the lake. Microbiology - The following parameters are being studied by Field Station Microbiologist in FY 1964: Coliform determinations, Coliform differentiations, Fecal Streptococcus, Total Plate Count, and special studies, which include Pathogen detection and Survival studies. Approximately 1500 samples have been analyzed for bacteriological parameters. Chemistry ~ The chemistry laboratory program consists of the analysis of the following parameters, distributed between Cleveland and Chicago in accordance with established laboratory capabilities as follows: Cleveland - pH, alkalinity, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, chloride, BOD, COD, dissolved and suspended solids, cyanide, phenols, and turbidity. Chicago - composited samples of gross minerals (Ka, K, Ca, Mg, Si, SOjL, F), carbon, chloroform extracts, ABS, nitrogen, phosphate, oil, heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ft>). About 12,000 analyses have already been made on approximately 1700 samples. Because of the large backlog of preserved samples in Chicago, it is estimated that much of the chemical data will not be available for several months after collection. Radiochemistry - The investigation of Lake Erie will follow essentially the same pattern as that of Lake Michigan. Sample collection started in April 1963 and continued throughout FY 6k. Samples were collected for Radiochemistry at the same time and location as those collected for chemical, physical, biological and ------- 39 microbiological studies. Water samples,, plankton, algae samples and bottom sediment samples were collected and analyzed for gross alpha and beta activities, and selected samples were analyzed for Strontium-90. All analyses are being conducted at the Chicago laboratory. Three hundred and thirty analyses were completed by the end of FY 1963 and 2,000 analyses will be completed by the end of FY '6k. Special sampling of Lake Erie in the area near the Fermi Reactor will be conducted in May 1964. The study will be similar in scope and cost to the Big Rock Point study. The report of this study will be included in the Lake Erie Comprehensive Report. Headquarters laboratory Cooperative Activities Since June 19^3, 272 samples received and 3000 analytical determinations were performed for the Detroit-Lake Erie Enforcement Project. A regular program of carbon filter studies is being conducted for the International Joint Commission. This program includes infra-red characterization of carbon chloroform .extracts. To date 450 determinations have been made on kB samples received. The Laboratory Branch is providing support services to the Indianapolis recreational water quality study, Engineering Analyses and Plan Formulation Principal activities included under this section are detailed as follows: Hydrology - Appraisal of adequacy of ground and surface water sources to supply present and future demands;, low-flow frequency- analyses to determine design drouth conditions-..for relating stream flow to water quality objectives; estimation of flow regulation for water quality control; and water balance studies. Land Use - Analysis of present and future land use. practices as related to water quality; determination of pollutional charac.ter- istics of surface runoff from urban and rural areas. Water Demands and Waste Return Flows - Evaluation of factors for association with economic projections to determine future water demands and waste flows. ------- Water Quality Goals - Development of water quality guides for selected categories of use; determination of desirable beneficial uses for stream or lake sectors; and establishment of water quality goals to accommodate uses. Stream and Lake Quality Analyses - Determination of the waste assimilation capacity of principal streams and significant tributaries by means of mathematical formulation or models; evaluation' of effects of present and future waste loads on lakes and streams; identification of present and potential problem areas; and estimation of flow regulation or other control measures required to achieve water quality goals. Water.Quality Control Measures - The analysis and development of measures to improve or preserve water quality and the establishment of a timetable for accomplishment. Illinois River Basin Hydrology work is about 90% complete and over-all completion is expected by 2/1/6^, Low-flow frequency analyses were performed for several stream gaging stations on the main stem and at least one station in each of 10 subbasins. Water resource studies and report drafts are completed. Curves showing stream temperatures throughout the year were prepared for representative locations in the basin. Also prepared were flow-velocity.and depth-velocity curves for use in conjunction with stream quality analyses. A draft of Appendix IX, Water Quality Related to Land Use and Agricultural Water Needs,, has been completed. Land use practices that harm water quality have been determined and are discussed along with recommended improvement measures. Present and projected land uses are tabulated for each of the l6 subbasins. Present and projected water uses for irrigation,, domestic supply and stock watering have been determined and are tabulated for each subbaein. The quality of runoff and the adverse effects of significant impurities have been determined and are presented. Determination of water demands and waste return flows is essentially completed. Water use factors were derived from a study of records of 15 selected communities, each of which were contacted to obtain operational data for a ten-year period. Waste return flow factors for the same communities were derived from 10 years of operational data for the sewage treatment facilities. Factors for the ten-year period, together with other ------- 41 indicator trends, were used to develop factors for estimating future water demands and vaste flows. A draft of Appendix V, Correlation of Water Use and Waste Factors,is completed. The Technical Committee, assisted by Project staff, has about completed its task in developing water quality goals for - ... the basin. Each of the Work Groups determined quality guides for assigned categories of use, irrespective of location. It , is believed substantial agreement and acceptance have been obtained for proposed water uses and related water quality goals. Uncompleted work consists of preparation of the draft of a Chapter and an Appendix, both titled: "Water Quality Goals," for the basin report. The drafts are expected to be ready for review by 2/1/64-, Stream quality analyses are being conducted for the. Upper Illinois River System, the Gal-Sag Channel System, the Lower Illinois River and 10 principal tributary streams. Extensive studies and. analyses have been undertaken on the Upper River for which mathematical formulation includes effects of combined sewer overflow loads and bottom sludge deposits. Numerical solutions for dissolved oxygen- and flow regulation are calculated by electronic computer. Similar but less involved analyses have been completed for the Fox and Sangamon Rivers. For the remaining tributary streams, analyses have been made at significant waste discharge locations to determine stream deficiencies and flow regulation requirements. The results of stream quality analyses will be summarized in Chapter 10, Impact of Waste Loads on Streams. The analyses and the Chapter draft are expected to be completed by 2/15/64. Lake Michigan Basin The water balance studies for. Lakes Michigan and Huron are essentially completed. Other studies are expected to start in,-... February, 1964. It is estimated Hydrology activities will be ,75$ completed by 6/30/64. A draft of the Appendix on Land Use has been completed. Included in the draft is a review of soil types and a map of the basin showing major soil groups. Types of farming are depicted , on a map on which the basin is subdivided into 9 -,sub-areas. Land use practices and their effects on water quality, .together with recommended improvement measures, are detailed in the draft. Efforts to determine water demands and waste return f3.ows will commence in February 1964. Completion is expected by 6/30/64. ------- 42 It is expected approximately 10 selected communities will be contacted to obtain operational data from vater and sewerage systems. -Tnforma- tion developed for the Illinois River Basin will be utilized in evaluating water use and waste return flow factors'. Development of water quality goals will require employment of procedures similar to those followed for the Illinois River Basin. Much of the background data, literature review and Project staff reports on hand should be useful. Work groups require re- organizing for equitable representation. Assuming commencement of activities in February 1964, work should be about 60$ complete as of 6/30/64. Stream -quality analyses will be conducted on approximately 18 principal tributaries to the Lake. Extensive analyses are contemplated for the Fox, Grand, Kalamazoo and St. Joseph Rivers. Limited analyses are expected to suffice on the balance of the principal tributaries to evaluate stream deficiencies and flow regulation requirements. Work is expected to start about 2/15/64 and progress to about 60% completion by 6/30/64. Lake quality analyses will be designed to determine local and lake-wide effects of pollutants on water quality. Estimates of long' term trends and critical 'concentration levels will'be made. Work is expected to start about 4/1/64 and progress to about 50$ completion by 6/30/641 : • - No work is expected on water quality control measures prior to 6/30/64. • •-.' • Lake Erie Basin The engineering analysis section is responsible for the evaluation' of the data generated by the Project as well .a^s evaluating 'the historical data. This activity has been recently started. Accomplishments are limited to defining the problems and setting forth the methods used to solve these problems. The evaluation will include the determination of needs for further studies, preparation of detailed study plans to obtain specific information, formulation of mathematical models of both • tributaries and Lake Erie, and coordination of activities for the preparation of reports. The initial activities will be involved with determining the adequacy of existing data and the design of detailed s±udy plans to complete the data. ------- This activity will continue for the duration of the Project. The additional responsibility of report preparation will be assigned to this section at the conclusion of field activities. Flow Regulation Studies Reports to construction agencies on the needs and value,, if any/ of municipal and industrial water supply and/or water quality storage in proposed reservoirs are made by the Cooperative Studies Section, Planning and Reports Branch of the Project Headquarters, are now in progress. Studies have been made, for areas of Region V outside of the GLIRB Projects study area and for areas of Region II that are included within the GLIRB Project Study area. Two of our current projects in this program are comprehensive water resources studies covering a full river basin. In each of these two basin. studies, the Grand in Michigan and the Genesee in New York and Pennsylvania, the Corps of Engineers has established a Coordinating Committee consisting of representatives of all interested Federal Agencies and the state or states in which the basin lies. The principal states involved have formed their own Coordinating Committees to aid in the coordination and development of the plan for the water resources. Although there will be direct cooperation between state and federal agencies having similar responsibilities, the state Coordinating Committee will be represented on the Federal, Coordinating Coizanittee by its one representative. Public hearings have been used to make the public aware of the scope of the study with coordinating epramittees at the- state and federal level and to enlist the aid and cooperation of municipal and local agencies, so that the program will be responsive to the desires and needs of local interests. In FY 196^, Flow Regulation Studies represent 2^ rnari years of work, or less than 2% of the overall project effort in terms of manpower. . , Little Miami River Basin, Ohio Preliminary Water Resources Studies were reported for proposed reservoirs on the East Fork of the Little Miami River Basin and Caesar -Creek. These two reports were approved for release on December k, 1963- The Little Miami River drains ,an. - ; area of 1700 square miles. It flows into the Ohio River at.the eastern suburbs of Cincinnati. ------- Whiteoak Creek Basin, Ohio It is anticipated this report on a Water Resources Study will be cleared for release in FY 1964. Whiteoak Creek drains an area of 234 square miles. It flows into the Ohio River about...thirty miles southeast of Cincinnati. Hocking River, Ohio This study pertains to the Logan Reservoir on Clear Creek. If manpower requirements are filled, it is anticipated that this study will be completed in FY 1964. The Hocking River drains an area of 1200 square miles. It flows into the Ohio River in south- eastern Ohio. Tonawanda Creek, New York Region II negotiated this reservoir study with the Corps of Engineers 'since the study area is within their Region. It is anticipated that this study will be completed in FY 1964. Tonawanda Creek drains an area, of over 360 square miles before it becomes a portion of the New York State Barge Canal. Tonawanda Creek drains to the Niagara River, during periods of high flow. Low flows are used to augment the flow in the targe canal. Buffalo Creek, New York .Region II negotiated this reservoir study with the Corps of Engineers since the study area lies within their Region. If manpower requirements are filled, it is anticipated this study will be completed in FY 1964. Buffalo Creek drains an area of over 145 square miles before it flows into Buffalo River and hence to Buffalo harbor at the head of the Niagara River. . Grand River Basin, Michigan This is a Comprehensive Water Resources Planning Study. This study initiated by the Corps of Engineers in the latter part of FY 1963 is anticipated to extend over a four to five year period. Coordinating Committeeshave been formed to insure that adequate consideration will be given to present and anticipated future water needs in the basin. The Grand River Basin drains almost 6,000 square miles before it flows into Lake Michigan at Grand Haven. ------- 45 Gene see River Basin, New York and -Pennsylvania This is a Comprehensive Water'"-Res durc'es Ftudy. This study initiated by the Corps of Engineers in FY 1963, is expected to extend f''thro^gh'FT .1965'. The State of New York1 has ' taken an active interest in 'ihis'basin study and is financing the economic study.,-' The 'majo'r portion ''of ''fhe 2,5^0 square mile drainage, a'rea is within New York State. Th:e Genesee" River flows 'into Lake Ontario at . • Rochester,, New York. Studies By Other Agencies Fish and Wildlife > A report on fish and wildlife of the Illinois River Basin has been completed by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Department of the Interior. This was'"financed by a transfer of • Project funds". The report contains a history of fish and wildlife, describes current extent of management programs, and states how poor water quality has damaged the resource. Areas are detailed' where suitable habitat for desirable species exist if provided' with water of better quality, and suggestions for management improvement are discussed. ' . A similar report is being developed for the Lake Michigan study ;are'a.. Most of the field work is completed. This has involved a search? of the literature and the' files 'of the•appropriate State and Fede'r_al agencies, inspection" of the- streams and wildlife areas, and "interviews with local''" sportsmen and'commercial fishermen. While preparation of the Lake Michigan -report is in progress, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife investigators are beginning their preliminary work oh Lakes Erie and Huron. Close .cooperation is maintained' between the Fish and Wildlife biologists and" the Project biologist who serves as liaison. Monthly progress reports are received and frequent conferences are held to assure maximum efficiency in reporting, and to apprise the investigators of water quality conditions in each section of the study areas. Recreation A study of water-oriented recreation in the Illinois River Basin was completed by the Bureau'of Outdoor Recreation of the U-. S. Department of the Interior. Items covered included recreation resources and'their use, recreation needs, problems related-to recreation development and summary of findings as to water pollution and water recreation. A similar study has been started for Lake Michigan in FY 1964. ------- U6 Bibliography Project Reports Published A series of special reports on the Illinois Riyer System was published for the Justice. Department in FT 1963 but riot listed in a bibliography in the previous Annual Program Review. The series consisted of five reports listed below: Title and Date Report Number Water Quality Conditions (U Vols.)(l-63) --'- IRB-l.. .„. . , Special Report On Water Quality Goals For Upper Illinois River System (3-63) IRB-2 Recommended Measures For Improving Water Qualities (1-63) IRB-3" Effects On Water Quality Of Recommended • Improvement Measures (1-63) IRB-U Stream Flows Required For Water Quality Control (3-63) IRB-5 A series of special reports on Lake Michigan Studies was published for the Justice Department starting in FY 1963 and ending in June 1963. These reports were discussed but not all listed in the previous Annual Program Review. The series con- sis.ted of. 12 reports listed below: Title and Date Report Number Trends In Water Quality - Southern Basin (U-63) ' LM-1 Sampling Surveys (U-63) LM-2 Physical And Chemical Investigations (U-63) ' LM-3 " Biological Investigations (U-63) LM-U Microbiological Investigations (U-63) LM^5> Radiochemical Investigations (U-63) LM-6 ------- U7 Title and 'Date Report Number Introduction To Lake Current Studies (lj-63) LM-? Lake Temperatures (U-63) LM-8 Lake Currents At A Single Station (U-63 ) LM-9 Drogue Surveys Of Lake Currents Near r ' ' . Chicago (5-63) LM-10 Currents .At Fixed ^Stations Near Chicago (5-63) LM-11 Currents In The Southern Basin (6-63) LM-12 Other special reports were published for various purposes and are listed below: Title and Date ' ' ".''".. Infectious , Hepatitis In Peoria, Illinois ..From .1957 -to 1961 (3-'63), .Y,. ... Lake Erie Watershed Study Plan (3-63) ' ! ''''" Fox Chain-0-Lakes , Illinois, Algal Problem (8-6J) . . ,. ' c."-' • '•••' • • - - •• • ' \ •(.''• Memorandum Report - Water Discharged To Milwaukee Harbor (6-63) Statement On Water, Quality Conditions - Chicago and Environs, '.', Jones Committee' (8-63) Special Report On Water .Quality In Green Bay, Wisconsin (12-63) Fox Chain Of Lakes Algal Problem, G. Cook, October", 1963, to Congressman Robert McClory , ,, • . ..,,,, .••.,.. •• ,••••'; f ." . • . .- '•'••"; - ,-'.- • i ,""3^-.. , Report On Sanitation And Algal Problems, Cedar Lake, , Indiana, '_ G. Cook, December, 1963, submitted to Congressman Ray St . Madden , • ....... U.S. Public Health Service Report To The Subcommittee Oh, Water.. Pollution Of The Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, Peoria, Illinois, by Grover Cook, January, 196U ------- U8 Papers and Presentations "A Comprehensive Water Quality Study," prepared and given by J. Verber for a. ¥. Poston, September 26,. 1961, The Illinois . , Garden Club, Monticello, Illinois. "The Proposed Study of Currents in Lake Michigan," J. Verber, January 18, 1962, Coordinating Committee on Oceanography, Washington, D.C. "Biological Investigations on the Illinois River," by G. Cook,,, February 2, 1962, PHS, WS&PC Research Advisory Committee, Chicago, Illinois. .... "A Description..of GLIRBP Organization, Activities, and Objectives with Emphasis on Biological Investigation," by G. Cook, March 1, 1962 Seminar,-Illinois Normal University, Bloomington, Illinois, and March 2, 1962 Seminar, Central Michigan University, Mt. , Pleasant, Michigan. "Studies of Currents in Lake Michigan and Related Activities," by J. Verber, April 10, 1962, 5th Conferenpe on Great Lakes Research, Toronto, Canada. • . - • "Some Scientific Aspects of a Physical,Oceanographic Survey of. Lake Michigan," by J. S. Farlow III, May 18, 1962, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois* __,,-;• „ , "Proposed -Biological Investigations in Lake Michigan," by. G. .Cook, June 5, 1962, Conference on Lake Michigan Fisheries, Chicago, Illinois. . ;i ,. ... , "Studies of Currents in Lake Michigan," by J. Verber, August 11, 1962, XV Conference of Limnology, Madison, Wisconsin* ,. r^.v , "Automatip Dissolved Oxygen Titration Apparatus," by W. D.: Johnson, B. L. Lurie and S. Megregian, .August ,£3, 1962, Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation. "Electronic Instrumentation for, the .Great Lakes,Water Quality Study," by J. Verber, October 10, 1962, National Electronics Conference, Chicago, Illinois. "Brief-Description of GLIRBP Biological Activities," by G. November 7, 1962.,. Fish, and,Wildlife Biologists, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois. ,...-,. ------- h9 "The Biological Condition of the Illinois River; a Preliminary Report," by G. Cook, January 15, 1963, Illinois Department of Conservation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, and PHS, Peoria, Illinois. "Investigative Techniques in Water Pollution Surveys," by SY ' Megregian, April 18, 1963, Illinois Public Health Association, • Chicago', Illinois'. "Lake Michigan. Current Studies," prepared by J. Verber for Mr. 'W.rQ. Kehr,'May lU, 1963, ASCE Water Resources Engineering' -'•' : Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. "Comb'.ined Sewer Overflows," by C, Pemberton, Jr.> May lh>'-1.9631 ASCE'Water Resources Engineering'Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. "Radioactivity Levels in Lake Michigan: A Preliminary Report" by C. Risley,-June 13,'1963, 26th Annual Meeting of American Society Limnology and Oceanography' (ASLO) and 6th Conference on Great Lakes Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan. • : "Radioactivity'Levels in Lake Michigan," by C. Risley> September 10, 1563, American 'Chemical Society-National Meeting, New York> NvY. "Chemical Characteristics of Lake Michigan, A Preliminary Report," by Stephen' Megregian; Frederic Fuller; and Clifford Risley, : -: September iOy 1963 American Chemical Society National Meeting/ - New York, N.Y. "Microbiological Survey of Lake Michigan: The Distribution of- Bacterial Densities," L. E. Scarce, September 9, 1963, American Chemical Society. : .' "The Distribution of Benthic Fauna and Phytoplankton in Lake' Michigan: A Preliminary Report," G. Cook, September, 1963, American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, New York City, ' "Currents in Lake-Michigan," by J. Verber, September, 1963, " American Chemical Society Meeting, at New York City-, Ndw York. "•' ' "Isolations of Enterovirus from Sewage-and River Water in''a -"•'- ;' Metropolitan Area," -by Chin, Lamb, and Scarce, November•" Ui.y American Public Health Association. » ' .',' . 'r, •-/"•;-r: : "Fresh Water: Temperature of Maximum Density Calculated from Compressibility," by H. Eklund, was published in Science, Iit2, (1963). ------- "The Use of Fixed Systems For Current Measurements in Lake • . Michigan," by Jo Verber,, October 29, 1963, National Electronics Conference^ tlhicago'/" Illinois. i-1.- ••. lV • "Scientific Research and Water Quality Management," 'byy'H* W, Poston, We Q. Kehr, and C. Re Ownbey, American Society of Limnology ''and 'Gc'eahography'and 'the Sixth Great, -Lakes Research .• Conference, June 1$,, 19&3i at th'e University df Michigan, • Ann Arbor, Michigan. - v ' . • "The' Biology of Polluted 'Lakes 'and -Streams," -G. Cook, November, l "U.S". Public ''Health Service' Report to the Subcommittee on. Water Pollution of the" Upper "Mississippi Conservation 6 owmit tee," ," ,-,; G. Cook, January, 19^3, Winona,- Minnesota.." " : .Health Cons idsratione 'in Water 'Supply Reservoir' Manage- : m'ent'/"1'1 G. Cook\T Febiniary, 1963, 'Illinois Section American Water Works Association, Reservoir Managers Meeting, Bloomington, Illinois. "Algae ari&' Weeds 'in Surface' Wate'j? ^'Supplies," Gf. C'opkj. December, Southern Illinois Waterworks Meeting, Carbondale, Illinois. "Biological Aberrations in Lake Michigan," G. Cook, December, 1963, Chicago iQ dune il on Adult Education, Chicago. .. ••• ' . • -,-•• •; ; ' •: ' ' ' '" . I •_ ' '- . "Wind and Current Relationships in Southern Lake Midbigan," by • James L. Verber and George C0 Williams, December 27, 1963, The American Meteoro'ld'gida'l Society Meeting 'at Cleveland, Ohio. , , '. ' ' ' * " „ • • • "Some Unmanned Wea'ther Buoy 'arid- Current Meter Mdofing Systems," -. by John S. Far low and Paul Farris Smith, December 27, 1963, The American Association -.'for the Advancement of Science Meeting at Cleveland. Chic, s;" • " • • "Lake Erie Water Quality1' Studies)" by 'H. W.; Poston and ..C. W. i( : Nbrthin'gtonp June, 1-963, Ohio Wa-tfef Pollution Control - • - - • Conference, Toledo,, Ohio. •''"•"' ' '•••',-. , r ------- 51 Significant Progress Toward Pollution Abatement The Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project in its three years of existence has been recognized by governmental, scientific and local groups for significant contributions toward pollution abatement, even though its principal mission, the development of water quality manage- ment planij for the basins has not.yet been accomplished. In the para- graphs "below are. described some,. ofv the more significant achievements attributable to the presence of the Project In the Great Lakes:area. '.•'.'. - . " '•••-,- y.. ' Recognition in the Chicago Diversion Controversy . , -.:. "The first-^nd aost important, of these has been its work for the. . , U. S^ Department of Justice, wherein,it presented factual data,,,and rec- onmendations;.concerning the diversion of Lake Michigan waters by Chicago, and testimony?before the Supreme Court relative to its findings in .this case. These findings have been received with substantial interest by all parties to this case. The magnitude of this effort has beeri:docu- mented by admission as evidence of 17 separate volumes of findings and recommendations resulting from the Project's studies. The importance of the Service's contribution was officially recognized by the Solicitor General of the United States in a communication to the Surgeon General, from which:is quoted as follows — "Only by such cooperation was it possible to-, present in these proceedings substantial results of the Great Lakesrlllinpis River Basins Project, results which I am confident will be extensively relied upon by the Special Master and the Supreme Court in the ultimate disposition of this litigation." •»; Breakthroughs in Unique Oceanographic Studies The Project has been .conducting the largest and most comprehensive Study of current measurements.. ever undertaken in a major body of water. In this study/ it is us.ing techniques and methods never before applied on sucH^a-massive scale, even \|ri the study; bf ocean currents. As a result, many .agencies of the Government, including the Department of the Navy, the National. Oceanographic Data Center, the U. S.' Lake Survey i the .. ; Weather Bureau --- and-.pthers, have maintained close liaison .with the Project, Findings to date have"shown the influence of prevailing wind on water movement, clockwise and counterclockwis^ currents "in Lake-, Michigan, the variability of the theraocline, large internal waves, and rotary currents. This study will result in invaluable information which can be applied to the water quality management program of the Great Lakes y:-particularly in-f the location of water intake points and waste out- falls,, and in predicting the effect of waste discharges on water quality at various locations, resulting from,the physical forces that influence water movement, ' ^ ------- Cited by City of Chicago The Mayor of Chicago, Richard J,; Daley, in.-a statement before the Natural Resources and Power Subcommittee, :U. .&. House of Representatives, (Jones Committee), holding hearings in Chicago, on September 6, recognized the contributions of the U. S. Public. Health Service and particularly the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project in the. following statement: "Chicago has received much technical aid from the United States Public Health Service in the study of sources ,of lake pollution. At present the United States Public Health Service - Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins1 Project is carrying on extensive studies to obtain basic infewaa- tion regarding lake currents and how they cause the drift of pollution in the lake, «nd regarding the long range effects on lake water quality caused by continued -'discharge of wastes. The results of these studies will be very helpful to the various agencies in this area in planning their future aetions for the control of pollution in. the southern end of lake Michigan." ~ - -..-.-. Pioneering in Development of Water Quality Goals One ef the important "firsts" initiated by the Project for its water quality management programs in the technique, for the development of water quality goals in the basins under study. In the first attempt of this kind, the Project sponsored, guided and supported through its Teehni- al Cenmitt»e, an extensive review, by interested water users of the Illinois River Basin, of the water quality factors influencing water uses in this basin. Committee activities resulted first, in the development of water quality guides, in which each water quality parameter was assessed with respect to the particular water use under consideration, and limits setj second, in the study of present usee and anticipated future uses of * the water of the basin; and third, the development of water quality, goals for the bavin, taking into consideration these uses. These deltboiMxtiooff have resulted in the achievement of a series of water quality guides, agreed to by all water use-rs with respect to the.,critical parameters listed, by which the. water quality management plan can be focused in time and space to the attainment of the needed water quality to acconotodvte the most critical of the water uses expected. : J' •, Other Accomplishments As a result of evidence presented in testimony by the Project, The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Great Chicago has intensified its activities toward elimination of direct discharges of untreated industrial wastes to the Upper Illinois Waterway. As a first step, it is bringing. direct pressure on those industries, now discharging to the canal, to con- nect to available sewers. Where sewerage facilities are not yet available, it is has stepped up its program of extending trunk lines to provide con- nections to those industries not now served. Where sewerage is not ------- 51b available, treatment facilities are being required. The Project had reported in its testimony that the Upper Waterway was receiving 22,000 pounds per day of BOD from directly discharged industrial wastes. The Sanitary District has also corrected a malfunctioning storm relief sewer which was shown to be discharging 32,000 pounds per day of untreated sewage BOD into the Waterway. It has stepped up its monitoring activities by means of a new laboratory equipped vessel to patrol the Waterway for purposes of detecting illicit discharges and malfunctions. This has resulted in a noticeable reduction in visible pollution, espe- cially in the downtown Chicago portion of the Waterway. The .Sanitary District has shown a keen interest in its storm water problem. , It has presented testimony before Congress, in support of studies of this problem, with a direct request of 3 million dollars for study in the Chicago area.. One of the proposed study plans would be the impoundment of stormwaters in upstream areas, for later release to the stream. " * It has also made application to the PHS for $600,000 in support of a new research facility to study problems related to further treat- ment and reduction of waste, loads into the Waterway. -.-'-" ------- • -•,'" • 52 One industry (Hills-McCanna) has informed the Project that,,.as a result of its visit to this plant, the company ,ha;s proceeded with steps to connect to the city sewerage system. _ . in the Lockport-Joliet area, several industries have taken steps to review their waste problems, either through hiring of consultants or by inplant improvements. In the downstream Illinois River area, and as the result of Project investigations, four major industries at Pekin, 111. (Quaker Oats, Standard Brands, Corn Products and American ; fiistillefs) have undertaken inplant studies toward reduction ;, of their waste loads and are studying the feasibility of con- necting with the city of Pekin or of providing collective treatment of their wastes. The daily waste loads from these plants were determined by survey to tptal about 1±0,000 pounds "of 5-day BOD. ' , ; - ,' . ' At Peoria, major effort is being expended to connect all industrial wastes to the city system. Already two companies have connected and one large waste source (Hiram Walker) has initiated plans for connection to the city which should bear fruit in about 2 years. Daily waste loads of about 16,000 pounds of 5-day BOD would be eliminated. In Milwaukee, Wis., the Project has provided technical assistance and manpower to the Milwaukee Health Department in a study of the pollution of lake front beaches* The purpose of this study was to develop monitoring techniques whereby the Health r>epartment could minimize the closing of beaches affected by pollution. The Project provided two part-time personnel for two summers, additional laboratory supplies in the form of membrane filters and radiotagged chemicals, and loaned laboratory equipment for this study. The Health Department will provide the Project with a report of its studies. The Southeast Wisconsin Planning Commission has asked the Project for technical assistance in its study and development of water resources for this area of the state. The expected assistance will be in the form of laboratory support and technical advice for this Project, At the Jones Committee hearings in Chicago, the Chief Sanitary Engineer of Indiana stated that his state is awaiting ------- 53 the results of GLIRBP surveys and its recommendations to help guide['further action to update water pollution control measures in the Calumet area of Indiana. Public awareness of pollution problems .coupled with publicity resulting from the Project's activities have brought to the Project's attention many incidents directly attributable to pollution or suspected of being pollution-related. Fish kills in Lake Michiganj the nuisances resulting from algae washed-ashore on beaches; a wildfowl kill resulting in the death of about 10,000 fish-eating birdsj taste and odor problems affecting municipal water supplies; and nuisances resulting from• industrial discharges are some of the problems which-the, Proj'ect has investigated. ,.. • <..:.••;•'• Departure from 196U Plans • . ., The following factors have necessitated some readjustment, in the Project's plans for FT 6U, and have influenced plans,for FY 65. "1. Extended requirements of the Dept..of Justice-* relative to the Chicago Diversion Hearings. 2. Inability to- complete contract negotiations for boat services for the; Oceanography program, 3. Reduction in anticipated funds. U« Recruitment problems„ 5« Incidental diversions from Project schedules. 6. Availability of Detroit-Lake Erie Project for GLIRBP programs. • • 1<> The Project has been most grateful and proud of its involvement in the Chicago Lake Water Diversion hearings, and has placed this above all other program commitments in/priority and effort. Its accomplishments are well known and appreciation for the effort expended has been liberally acknowledged. How- ever, 'the impact of this effort on Project programs has beerufelt by all activities and schedules, and has resulted in many .re- adjustments. ' ••-.•:- ••..... 1/Jhen originally scheduled, it was anticipated that Project participation would be essentially completed by spring of 1962, In actual fact, Project involvement was extended through' ithe summer of 1963S and reached a olimax with the appearance of. the Project Director and two staff members to giye testimony. The intensive preparations required for this effort necessitated the full time of the Project Director, key members of the Project staff, and a large portion of staff time, in support services. This has resulted in reappraisal of the scope of the ------- activities programmed for Lake Michigan, a delay in organization and implgroentaition ,of ,the Lake Iprie study and rescheduling of the Iiyiio^'^ve^.Reportor' Although thj^.type of diversion-in ' •••- the Project's future schedules is hot exp'"ec4ie.d to recury:'itsrv' effects will continue to be felt on future'programs.' ' ' 2p,- :The oceanographic study of Lake Michigan was'seri'ddsly handicapped in the...spring and summer of 1963 .by failure to >'"-;\ '>'•'' negotiate .a contract-for.boat services for tills activity. Severe curtailment in the installation and retrieval of current metering stations has resulted in a three month lag in this program The ; ' Project has; therefore adjusted its plans to reduce the time period for the Lake Michigan, study in, order.that it can return to schedule for the.remaining lakes 0 How could this delay in contract ' : negotiations have been avoided? It is felt that ample time was '•"•' available when the contract negotiations were initiated, in February 1963? with an anticipated award date in April0 Delays, resulting in failure to complete the award, were in hands ot&jgi" ." '.''•: than Project personnelo 3,^ The working'budget requested for FT 6U was 23 million. The resulting budget of 2«17 million, coupled with increased ccst of personnel due to pay increases, has resulted in some curtailment of FT 6U plans, particularly with respect to the scope of..the .activities, planned. The two principal areas curtailed hay;e been -the number, of current meter stations dccupi-ied '• in Lake Michigan,, and a delay in development of staff for "the '~° :rn; Lake Erie Study,, In the first case, the current meter stations '' ' were reduced from 60 to UOP because funds were not available to procure the additional meters. In the second case, the time table for the Lake Erie study has been extended particularly with respect to field activities, from the end of FY 6U into the second quarter FY. 65. : " Lu,.,-Recruit:iieh;v problems continue to plague the' Project in two specific areas^ first, unavailability of experienced'person- '.-• nel, particularly engineers, for key'positions at field station and headquarters; second, lack of trained scientific manpower, particularly mierobiologists. In the latter instance, other personnel!-are, being trained to carry out routine functions under sup&rvision .of -senior scientists, but this can result in work of lesser-quality due to the lack of the judgment value inherent in'-^ professional trainingc The lack of experienced manpower has resulted in-the doubling up of responsibility of key personnel on duty, resulting dr. less attention to the principal responsibility of these, indjLyi' "' " " ------- £<> Incidental diversions from scheduled Project activities can ba considered a normal function of all projects working in areas of deep public interest„ This project is no exception. It has been called upon for special reports of many kinds, and is most anxious to comply wherever and whenever its competencies and interests apply. In many instances these result in gains for the project and the Water Pollution Control program of the Public Health Service in terms of public awareness of the work going on and the benefits to be derived therefrom,, These diversions how- ever have a price^ which in many instances is paid by the individuals detaiiod, in terms of extra and uncompensated time, since there is little or no provision in the Project's schedule for time spent in these areas„ Examples of diversions experienced at GLIRBP in the past year are: The Report to the Jones Committee entitled, "Water Quality Conditions - Chicago and Environs" Report on the Chain 0!Lakes region, Fox River, Illinois Report on Cedar Lake, Indiana The Bird Kill in Lake Michigan Fish Kill incidents in Lake Michigan Algae nuisance incidents Menominoe River enforcement study Popcorn slag investigation Report on Walter QuaL'.by Conditions in Green Bay Numerous papers and presentations before technical and lay group." 6r, The availability of the Detroit-Lake Erie Project personnel and facilities for work in the Lake Erie Study area and for the Lake Huron study has provided GLIRBP with an opportunity to return to its initial schedulesc Therefore, this departure from program schedules submitted last year is in the nature of a major benefitt It will enable the Lake Erie Study to proce3d at full speed during its period of critical need for manpower, without reduction in scope of work planned for ------- that basin» It will enable GLIRBP to carry out studies in both Lake Huron and Lake Ontario simultaneously, by eliminating much of ,,-jbhe;lead time necessary to equip and staff a field station '' ' '' ------- • • - ; - PLANS AND SCHEDULES, FY 65 Introduction . In- anticipation of a working budget of 2.5 M with 183 positions, .the FY 65 general plan of work for the Great Lakes- Illinois River Basins Project is as follows: In the Illinois River Basin, detailed plans are being made pending implementation efforts of the Comprehensive Plan for this basin. Initiation of surveillance activities for upgrading the plan and to provide the Basic Data Branch with changes as they occur, will begin in FY 65. In the Lake Michigan Basin, completion of the first draft of the Report for this basin is scheduled for December 1961;. All field activities will have been terminated by the beginning of FY 65, except for tributary studies related to Corps of Engineers needs,, and surveillance. In the: Lake Erie Basin, the full scale study of water quality of ,the Lake- will be in progress. Field sampling activities will be completed by December 1961;. The Lake Erie Field Station will be assisted by personnel from Detroit in the studies of the western portion of this basin. Lake Current studies will begin in spring of 1961; and continue for one year. , .In the Lake Huron Basin, study will begin in the fall of using the facilities and residual personnel, augmented as necessary, of the existing Detroit-Lake Erie Project. With the exception.of possible suboffices in the Bay City and Sault Ste. Marie areas, the study will operate out of the Grosse lie office. The intensive field activities of this study will begin in spring 1965 and continue for one year. The lake cur- rents study will begin in the spring of 1965. Appended to this program review is the study plan proposed for the Lake Huron basin. ,1® the,Lake Ontario Basin, efforts to procure space "and facilities for this study will be initiated early in 1961; and a small staff, about 5 positions, will be established to prepare the space-and facilities, develop operating plans and make ad-vance contacts,. Full scale field activities will be initiated in spring of 1965 and continue for one year. It is anticipated ------- that manpower released from the Lake Erie study will be available for this study* The lake current study in Ontario will begin in spring of; 1961\|? concurrently with the Lake Erie study y> and con- tinue ¥or one year. Concurrent s'tudy of these two lakes-, appears feasible, because of their relatively small size and proximity to each other o Also^ savings in n&w instrumentation will result, since the' number p.? metsr^ available from the Lake Michigan study can be used' to "ins trume.it both1 lakes >'"' • •' • Detailed plans for' accomplishing the objectives in FY 1?65> : are described below n - ' • ' Basic fiata Collection ;.- 1 " • Laka Michigan Basin ' " • '• . • : i • , The water supply and K nicipal and industrial wastes inventories fp\-> Lsko Michigan will be essentially completed prior to •"(..& beginning of 'this ?Y^ Index ceding on USGS' quadrangle maps-' and other wor> related td the data storage and retrieval systsjn in the Laic? Mfcliigari Basin Is' expected' 'to- be completed ty 9/l/6.Mc> A miniiav.^ prog* vim or surveillance iniHii&'tsd'tb p'-foTido up-to-dabe ;d.ata for the Basic 'Data Branch. 'The laboratory data fjroiu the 1963 lake sarpling program will be processed by ccmput^r ,'IG dr.f.:cribed eai.-lier for FY 196U. •;''-" ; Lake Erie Basin "'• • ' • The -m aid-pal water supply and "waste inventories have bee£':- essentially e triple :£d for the b'asini. Intensive 'effort will be ' giveri to complete \,he industrial waste inventory, which has ' lagge.d behind prim&rily due to the reluctance of the- State of ' Ohio' 'in releasing' available data& Headquarters' 'will cont'iriue " -'• to give' close '{yuyi-orli to ths I!'ield Station on technical problem^ of data prouetajr.go Lake 'Haron Basin '-""'"•TH^'prdgra^'^or Lake Huron will' be initiated early in' -this ' fiscal year,, in accordance with the'' enclosed Lake Huron Study : " Inventories of municipal and industrial waste sources will coiiimence on or about 9/1/6)4. and progress to about 60^ completion by 6/30/65,, ------- 59 Inventories of municipal water supplies, industrial ,process water-.supplies and other -water uses will start on or abotit 9/1/6U and progress to about 60$ completion by 6/30/65. Index-coding will be performed on about 150 USGS quadrangle maps. Over 1,500 individual codings will be required of which about 600 will be for communities. Table 2 is a list of special mapa in order of priority. Work is expected to start about 1/1/65 "and be completed by 6/30/65. Personnel of the Lake Huron Field Station will be instructed in the data processing methods used by the Project. Data generated by the lab-boat activity on Lake Huron will be handled directly by headquarters data processing staff. Lake Ontario Basin The Lake Ontario work schedule has not yet been established, •;but basic data collection is expected to begin about July 196U« As the Field Station is being organized and staffed, head- quarters will provide technical assistance in setting_up data. processing procedures in the Field Station, similar to those in use for Lakes Michigan and Erie. o Economic Studies • In. the Lake Erie Watershed^ economic and population studies by Project staff will be carried £hrough to" completion of projections for each subregion and preparation of drafts of appropriate report sections. Detailed studies will;be. started in the Lake Huron and Lake Ontario Basins, and continued into Flf 1966. The scope and depth of such studies will be. as described in previous program reviews and as outlined in the LAKE HURON WATER- SHED GENERAL STUDY PLAN which accompanies this report. The time table for completion of the economics section of the final up- dated Lake Michigan basin report is contingent upon a decision as to contracting for a broad-based economic study, as= discussed below. The Economics Section, Technical Services Branch, Washington, has recommended reconsideration of an Economic Base Study to be made by an outside contractor such as the National Planning Association, Arthur D. Little Company, or Battelle Institute. The question of required scope and depth of economic base studies ------- ... .•. ,- >>' ••' . • n •> ,.•,.. in,' support of future projection?, .has, been the. subject of, .periodic. discussion and correspondence over, the past two,,, and, a haif yearis* Project effort in this aspect of the program has been geared to procedures, that evolved from those discussions,. .Thf scope, of this effort has been substantially as described inian.outiinje..jfor tfre. Illinois River .Basin report, which was. submitted for ^yieWj in,, the : spring of 1962. The Project's consultant. qn 1r.elg4-onai,.,p3tanning and economics, Professor Fred Clarenbach of 'the ^University 'of .Wisconsin, has reviewed and approved the work as appropriate to and sufficient f, or. its -purpose. • Nevertheless., the.jProject staff .is ..planning to proceed with implementation of , the, recommendations. , from, .head- qua^rters, recognizing the importance of. being. sure, thai thM-.y^tal area is not slighted-. Although an accurate ,, estimate, of .the.tim.e, required for a contractor to make a broad-based economic study has not been obtained, it seems clear that some adjustment would be required in time tables for final reports of some major sub- basins. Our present thinking is as fpllqws: >l) if such a, study is .made, it should be. confined to the Great -. Lakes, Basin incluid^ng the Chicago area but excluding the remainder of the Illinois River Basin; 2) the Illinois River Basin ,an,d Lake .Michigan reports should be .completed and published in ;,a,. tentative .form without -,<.,,. awaiting the results of the, ..study, the Project, Is, ..economic base.." , data would be used for projections j, .,3) .ttoe , final . report for the . Lake Erie Basin should be deferred as necessary to incorporate the results of the study; and U) the results would -^ -avail^b^/ in time to be included in reports for the remaining basins,' """' Ontario, ijuronj and Superiqr, ^,,assun$ng-.an early decisjpn,.. availability, of funds, and.. Wc early, s tart j . $) in- Fyjl9o% ,- the -i;r< Illinois River, and Lake.;Michigan repoEtp. wpuld .be up4at,aid'aii}d,; ,Tf any necessary revisions _,made..... to incorD'ora^,..n,ew .da^a,.,b\|'ae.^.,o,n .',-/',. the economic, ,Jja^ej study* ^ ... -,.c /-. ,.',.'„ ,.,. -:',^".^ '. Vs "•'.•'.•• -.. ,- . . Field Operations .. . • . ,,. ,. . • , ' . • f.,Lake ,-J- . j p, j -,-t% ;• _ -. ." _,: ',_•, ,, -.}, •- ; .•,, ;,-,., •, -.'.• •}•••' 'I; ,., ...,, The- field .operations .program .will,, consist" of. intensive ' . .. sampling, with hydraulic measurements support, of the tributary* harbor and inshore, extended range studies of the Lake, and . spepial... studies as described; under,,lT 6lj, activities. $nd • accomplishments ... .- ., :''-.-.-'•..••-,••' ..••.', .4 • . j,- • ' ' --••'. - ' ""• • ' - .'j -,-. ' : - .';• . i ;»>' ^.— Jj: - .-Lakes Huron.. and Ontari9..Basinsi .,;.;.,- tu..-;-;i, -3-,, The major activities of FY 1965 will be staffing and equip- ------- TABLE 2a SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS OF LAKE HURON BASIN* STATE OF MICHIGAN 15-Minute Alma Merrill St. Charles Saginaw Perrinton Elsa Chesaning Burt Flint La ingsburg Corunna Durand Holly Mason Fowlerville Lowell Milford Rives Junction Stockbridge South Lyon Ypsilanti Saline Jackson Spring Arbor Blissfield Dundee Vermillion Brimley Sault Sainte Marie Lake George Sheldrake Eckerman Big Rapids Woodville Mt. Pleasant Shepherd Sanford Bay City Grace Cross Village Pellston Mullet Lake Bayshore Petoskey Wolverine Tower Onaway Gaylord Hetherton Atlanta Hillman Mancelona Alba Otsego Lewiston Comins Kalkaska Fletcher Grayling Glennie Harrisville East Tawas Tawas City Houghton Harrison Marion Reed City Evart Lake Clare Strongs Portions of Counties showing no quadrangle map area: Luce Mackinac Presque Isle Charlevoix Alpena Crawford Ros common Ogemaw Arenac Mecosta Clare Gladwin Os coda Alcona Midland Isabella Huron (Entire County) Maps needed on or before ------- ------- TABLE 2b SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS OF LAKE HURON BASIN STATE OF MICHIGAN _Tgr-Minute Worth Adams Hillsdale Allen Kinderhook California Camden Reading Frontier Yale Capac Brc^kway Hadley Met amor a Thornville Almont Allenton Memphis Goodell Smiths Creek Port Huron St. Clair " 'at tie Run Adair Armada Romeo T_e±e Orion Oxford Ortonville Marine City Nevr Baltimore New Haven Waldenburg Utica Rochester Pontiac Worth 'Jlarkston Milford Highland Walled Lake Pontiac South Birmingham Warren Mt . Clemens W. Mt. Clemens E. Rudyard Moran WW St. Clair Flats Algonac Salem Northville Redford Royal Oak Highland Pk. Grosse Pointe Dent on Wayne Inkster Dearborn Detroit Belle Isle Ypsilanti Telleville Detroit Wayne Airport Wyandotte Rockwood Flat Rock Carleton Maybe e Estral Beach Stony Point Monroe Ida Samaria Erie Otsego Lake Turtle Lake Johannesburg Lawiston Portions of Counties showing no quadrangle Mont calm Tuscola Sanilac Hillsdale Lenawee Lapeer Big Bradford Sault St. Marie Lake South K.P. Lake Barbeau Lovells Pickford NW Comstock Hills Pickford Black Creek Baie De Wasai Lake Margrethe Payment Grayling Oak Ridge Munussong Fibre Munussong WE Moran WE Wake ley Cote Dame Marie Fletcher Perecheney Ros common N. Vermilion Vermilion SE Sheephead Lake Shelldrake Whitefish Pt. Timberlost Emerson Big Beaver Creek Piatt Lake Hulbert Eckerman Strongs McNearney Lake Pendills Lake Sullivan Creek Dollar Settlement Paco Kinross Brimley Shallows Lafter maps area : Maps needed on or before ------- 61 "v '•'• f ping the,Lake. Ontario Field Station, establishing a sub-office on Lake Huron -for operation of sampling vessel equipped with laboratory, and providing technical assistance and advice to personnel at field stations. Transfer .of personnel and equipment to Lake Ontario Field Station will be started by the Uth Quarter, FY 6U. It is planned to operate a sampling vessel in Lake Ontario during September- November, and preserved samples will be shipped to the headquarters laboratory. Full scale field operations will be started in the spring of 1965, using techniques developed and tested in Lakes Michigan and Erie. One lab boat will be assigned full time to Lake Ontario. It will be necessary to establish a sub-office on Lake Huron as a home port for lake sampling operations about February 196$. One lab boat will be assigned full time to Lake Huron, afi'd full scale field operations will be started in the spring of 1965, with sampling under the direction of the Lake Huron .Field Station at Detroit. The Field Station will consist of personnel, equip- ment and space which now comprises the Detroit-Lake Erie Project, augmented as required to conduct the field work for the Lake Huron basin study. Key personnel remaining at Project headquarters will spend considerable time at the Field Stations rendering technical assistanceo Lake Current Studies . „ , Lakes; Erie, and .Ontario'W^ill be-instrumented beginning, in the Uth Quarter, FY 611, using, operational-techniques similar ,to" those used in Lake Michigan,, Instrument shops will be located in the. Cleveland area and a't a suitable port on Lake Ontario. The • processing and computer.techniques for data analysis are expected to be the same as used for Lake Michigan** The proposed locations of current meter stations are shown on Figures U' and 5, and the work schedule is shown on Figure 6. Laboratory Activities Lake Erie Basin , .'." .'. Laboratory activities in FY 1965 will be essentially'a ' continuation of the programs initiated in FY 196lu ------- , ; " ; 62 It is anticipated that analyses of preserved samples in Chicago will be accelerated and lag time reduced. Since sampling is scheduled to terminate in December, the remainder of FT 1965 will be used in processing the backlog of chemical samples. The Microbiology Section will continue its FY 196U activities until the end of sampling in December. At this time, plans are to accelerate special studies, e.g. survival and enteric pathogens, and to begin work on reports. The Biology Section plans to continue sampling upstream areas of Lake Erie harbors and tributaries in addition to, the St. Glair River and Lake St ------- ------- ------- a CO 0) •H ^•i CO p p CO o a i •p g H 3 0 ij CO c o •H -p (U Pi « "* to ^ P_J s +i s s 0) K CO •P a to •H CO >> •3 ^ ifi P a c 0 •H CO >-< a CU (i 4i O P< K IH O ^ •H CO T3 •H > O K 0) cfl o 3 . r~ -;DCAT i Alice a n i IMO;Q BASINS PROJECT LAKE ERE AND LAKE ONTARIO US DEPT. OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, 8 WELFARE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE REGION V CHICAGO, ILLINOIS FIGURE 6 ' ------- 63 vessel assigned to Lake Huron. take Ontario Basin Acquisition of laboratory space and modification to provide field station laboratory facilities will begin in 'the l$h Quarter1 of FT 196U. Laboratory services,, as developed for the Lake Erie Field Station^ wil1 be available by spring of 1965. The laboratory program in Lake Ontario will be patterned closely to that now existing in Lake Erie, with chemistry, biology, and microbiology the principal activities0 Also, some provision will be made for early laboratory support (possibly 3 chemists) for the 'Genesee River Cooperative Study. As in other field'station operations,, laboratory activities will be limited to those tests requiring immediate attention. Preserved samples will be analyzed in Chicago, However, extended range sampling will precede the other laboratory programs, beginning in the first quarter FY .because of the availability of a laboratory vessel for this purpose, and because the lake currents program will begin to place metering stations in the lake at that time* Headquarters Laboratory Cooperative Activities In addition to lab support for field operations in Lake Erie, Huron, and Ontario, the headquarters laboratory provides or will provide support to other programs in Region V0 Included.are: Recreation Water Quality Study - Indianapolis, tipper 'Mississippi (Twin"Cities) Enforcement Project^' I.-J-.C.'-" Detroit, S.E-.^ifisconsln Water Quality Study (support to local agency), Genesee River Cooperative Study-, and Surveillance operations, Illinois' River and Lake Michigan. Engineering Analyses and. Plan Formulation' Lake Michigan Basin •-6s Activities expected to be'in progress and hot completed a'S' of, 7/1/6U include hydrology, water quality goals-, stream and lake quality analyses, and water quality control'measures.;-c\Thds!e;. "•' activities, including ------- 6k In the analysis of stream flow and assimilation program, the initial phase will be to determine the adequacy of existing published data and the design of sampling programs to fill existing gaps in the data. This study will 'include the ' * '"'•-' calculation of critical drought flows as well as the formula- tion of oxygen sag curves for the major tributaries. ' : the initial phase of the analysis of lake data'will be- the tafculatio'ri.of historical data pertaining to water quality? the - ' design of sampling programs to fill gaps in existing dataj the . continuation of existing lake study programs; and the obtaining.1" of 'data 'necessary to produce mathematical models -of Lake "Erie; ' ; This Study will also include the formulation and calculation of various'mathematical .models of Lake Erie. '' ' ' Lake Huron Basin ;¥atei* balance studies will have been completed in conjunction with Lake Michigan studies. Other hydrology work is expected to •commence about ll/l/6ii and progress to about 60$ completion by 6/30/6$." ' Work on land use and related water quality is expected to start about 1/1/65 and be completed by 6/30/65• Analyses of water demands and waste return flows are •estimated to start about 11/1/6U and be completed by 5/1/65* •Efforts on water quality-goals are expected to'start about 1/1/65 and progress'to about175$ completion by 6/30/65. Stream quality,analyses will be Conducted for approximately 10 principal tributaries. Extensive analyses are planned for the Saginaw River, and may be indicated also for the St. Marys and "' Cheboygan Rivers, depending upon results of findings from field surveys. The balance of the streams'!will be .given limited " analyses in sufficient detail to evaluate stream deficiencies and flow regulation requirements. Arialyses will commence about 1/1/65 and be about 60$ complete as of 6/30/65. Work on lake quality analyses~and water quality"'control measures is not" expected to start prior to" 6/30/65.' ; ' ' ------- Lake Ontario Basin The Lake Ontario time schedule has not yet been established but can be expected to follow the general pattern of activities described for Lake Huron. Flow Regulation Studies In FY 1965 Flow Regulation Studies will represent about Uf- man-years of work, or less than 3% of the overall Project effort in terms of manpower. Individual studies planned at this time are listed below. Grand River Basin, Michigan - This study is scheduled to continue through FY 1966 and possibly FY 1967. Stream sampling and analysis of data will continue through FY 1965. Genesee River Basin, New York and Pennsylvania - This study is scheduled to continue through FY 1965 with stream sampling and analysis of data. Saint Joseph River Basin, Michigan and Indiana - The Corps of Engineers, has held a Public Hearing on this basin. A full comprehensive water resources planning study has been scheduled, but due to lack of funds, the scope has been reduced to a study of individual projects. Based on the public concern over the water quality in this river at the public hearing, it is anticipated that a complete water quality study may be required, Fox River, Wisconsin - A comprehensive study had been scheduled for FY 19614 by the Corps of Engineers, but it had to be cancelled due to lack of funds.. Individual projects could be authorized in FY 1965. Sandusky River, Ohio - The Corps of Engineers has a project planned which could require a PHS study. ------- 66 PLANS - FY. ' 66 ,., (As Submitted to Headquarters - 11/20/63) Introduction Establishment of the Great Lakes-Illinois River''Basins- Project in 1961 launched the largest of the Comprehensive water quality manage- ment programs undertaken by the Public.Health Service. The heed for protection of this vast water resource, was recognized by Congress in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act '(PL 660 - 8Hh Congress), ' which authorized this important program and spelled out, in Section Mf)> specific requirements that studies with respect to the quality of these waters include an analysis-of present and projected future water quality under varying,conditions of waste treatment and dis- posal, an evaluation of the water quality needs of those to be served, an-evaluation of municipal, industrial, and vessel waste treatment and disposal practices,, and'a"-study-of-alternate means of. solving water pollution problems (including additional waste treatment measures), with respect to such waters. An importarrt'j activity of the P.roject since its iope'ption has been i'fcs studies of water quality of the; Chicago drainage system and adjacent Lake Michigan waters, to provide the Department of "JustjLce with factual information, and." .judgment for its use in .litigation, between the Lake States and Illinois, concerning the diversion of water at Chicago. In this regard the Prpject has. already provided expert testimony, 'and a total of seventeen special reports, including reports on the present water,.quality of the Chicago drainage system and.the Illinois River, water quality of adjacent, waters, of Lake Michigan?) fecpbaaeodations of corrective measures needed..to reduce'.existing pollution/;and studies of Lake Michigan currents. Each of these reports 'have been'entered in. evidence by the Department of Justice. j '' • ,,.'{-,' i With respect to'comprehensive w,ater-.qualityr-manag;emettt- activities, the Project has completed the study of the Illinois River Basin'and is engaged in the preparation of the comprehensive plan. It will complete all field activities associated with the study of Lais Michigan, except oceanography by spring of 196^, with oceanography to be completed by July. The comprehensive plan for Lake Michigan will be completed by December 1964. Field activities have been initiated in Lake Erie and are scheduled for completion by fall of 196^1-, with the plan to be avail- able by December 1965- Study plans for Lakes Huron, Ontario, and Superior are now being developed. Present scheduling calls for initiating field activities in Lake Huron in the summer of 196^-; in Lake Ontario by spring of 1965; in Lake Superior by spring of 1966. ------- 67 The scope of these activities will be patterned after the studies now in progress in Lake Michigan; namely, economic and demographic studies, studies of water use and waste disposal practices, the present water quality of the lakes and tributary waters, studies of lake currents, the corrective measures necessary to preserve water quality for legitimate uses, and a water quality management plan for maintenance .of adequate water quality for future uses, and any special studies peculiar to the lake "basin under study. Comprehensive Program GLIRBP - 1964 1965 1966 . 1967 1968 1969 Pos. Ant. Pos. Ant. Fos._ Amt. Pos. Anrfc._ Pos. Amt. Fos. Amt 200 2,780,000 216 3,000,000 165 2,300,000 86 1,200,000 43 600,000 36 500,0 1964 196$ 1966 Change Pos. Amt. Pos. Amt. Pos. Amt. 2002,780,000 2163,000,0001652,300,000 -51 -700,000 Long-Range Goal To provide programs for the management of water quality in the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins through studies of water resources, water use and waste disposal practices, and economic and demographic factors. To provide such programs for each of the basins and to provide surveillance for updating these programs as progress is made in the implementation and operation of these programs. The need for this program has been expressed by many interests, including the Great Lakes Commission, the larger cities, and various conservation groups. The Department of Justice and the Special Master appointed by the Supreme Court for the diversion litigation have special interests. A most recent statement by the Chief Sanitary Engineer of Indiana before the Jones Committee hearings in Chicago indicated that his State is awaiting the Lake Michigan report to provide him with the information needed to update water pollution control activities in that portion of Indiana. Authority - PL 660-84, Section 2(a) and Section Mf). ------- 68 Program for Achieving Long-Range Goal Oar long-range goal for the management of water quality of the Great Lakes and Illinois River Basins is to provide a practical, workable program which spells out: a. The causes of water pollution and its effects on the quali- ty of the water resources and on 'beneficial water uses. b. The development of agreements on the desired beneficial water uses and the water quality objectives necessary to accomodate these uses. c. The development and implementation of pollution control measures to achieve the desired objectives, including the establishment of a timetable for their accomplishment. d. Surveillance for updating of the program in order that it remain capable of accommodating changing technology and changing water quality needs. The six-year program, including the completion of efforts to determine causes and effects of water pollution in the basins, the completion of the management plans for these basins and initiation of methods for implementation of these plans. The six-year plan will also provide for initial activities in surveillance and updating of the programs already under way. /ureas to be covered will include changes in requirements for additional waste treatment facilities, changes in needs for augmentation of stream flow, and review and revision of water quality requirements based on changes in water uses. Relation of JFY1966 Program to Long-Range Goal By FY 1966 Project activities will have progressed through to the completion of management programs for the Illinois River and Lake Michigan Basins. The Lake Erie Basin report should be in its first draft stage. Active field studies will be in progress, in Lakes- Huron and Ontario, and the first phases of the Lake Superior Study will be initiated. All major capital expenditures will have been completed- except for field station development for the Lake Superior Study. ------- ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 9 , Project Schedule Figure 7 and 8 present graphically the general Project Sched- ule for the remainder of the GLIRBP Study Program and a PERT diagram of the Lake Erie Field Station Program, respectively. The general Project Schedule does not include surveillance programs for the "basins. These programs, although minimal in scope, will be expected to continue throughout the life of GLIRBP and should be continued, following ex- piration of GLIRBP, by regional laboratory programs or other support. Organization Charts The enclosed organization charts Figures 9 and 10, represent the current line relationships for Project Headquarters and for Lake Erie Field Station, without significant change from previous submittals. The functions of these positions are described in subsequent paragraphs. Functional Statements The Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project has the responsi- bility for development of comprehensive programs for the improvement of water quality in the Great Lakes and Illinois River Basins, taking into consideration the conservation and use of these waters for public water supply; propagation of aquatic and wildlife, recreation, agriculture, industry, and other legitimate uses. Activities involved in carrying out these responsibilities are the operation of extensive laboratories involving scientists of various disciplines such as chemistry, biology, microbiology, and radiochemistry; conducting studies of'mass water move- ments using complex oceanographic techniques; conducting'hydrologic studies of water resources; conducting economic and demographic studies needed to determine projections of future growth and related water uses; operation of extensive field sampling and measurement activities in sup- port of project studies; conducting numerous special studies such as waste loads from combined sewer overflows, survival of fecal bacteria under various conditions; negotiating contracts for technical studies; reviewing, correlating and coordinating the data from all Project activ- ities and preparing numerous technical reports in fulfillment of the Project's responsibilities. Project Director's Office This office provides overall direction in the conception, de- velopment and planning of the broad framework of the 'GLIRBP'-Comprehen- sive'water quality studies. It directs the activities of the Project, making major decisions and recommendations involving engineering'/" adminis- tration and scientific aspects of the Project's"work. 'It exercises line authority in directing the overall activities of the Project's personnel. ------- 70 •* ii- It coordinates and directs the activities of the Branches of the Project including the Field Stations. It receives consultation through various consultant groups., including its Technical Committees. It represents the Project in meetings with federal, State, and local government officials, members of industry, and lay groups and others having'common interests in water quality management. Administrative Services Provides personnel management and advice to all Project and field station personnel. This includes evaluation of qualifications, implementation of department regulations, working with Civil Service Commission certificates, and related personnel functions. Provides financial management assistance to key Project person- nel. Maintains commitment registers showing unobligated funds for each major organizational activity. Develops working budgets for each major organizational component or field station within the Project. Provides procurement services for supplies and equipment in- cluding the issuance, evaluation, and award of requests for quotations and formal invitations for bid. Maintains property accounting system for all field, office, and laboratory equipment in 'the Project and its Field Stations. Initiates the acquisition and development of new raw space in the establishment of Field Stations. This includes the procurement and installation of all facilities necessary to convert raw space to working Project facilities.' Planning and Reports Branch This Branch is responsible for the synthesis of all elements of Project work into a plan for the guidance of water quality management programs, and for preparation, editing, and publication of Project reports. Elements of work performed directly within the Branch in- clude the collection of basic data on water uses, waterboard wastes, and historical water quality, engineering and economic analyses in- cluding projections of future conditions, the development of water quality goals to accommodate present and anticipated water uses, determination of the need for and value of storage for municipal and industrial water supply and flow regulation for water quality control on major streams and tributaries and at specific reservoir sites re- q^-jsted by the Corps of Engineers, and evaluation of alternative measures for attaining water quality goals. The Branch'negotiates reimbursable -agreements with other Federal agencies and acts as Project liaison for special studies and reports by cooperating agencies such ------- CD (0 U. f- (0 U. (D JO b. m u. (0 b. ' • ' "• ILLINOIS RIVER BASIN Report Completion LAKE MICHIGAN Field Activities nrannogrnphy Engineering Evaluation a Report Preparation LAKE ERIE Field Activities \ \ \ 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 • . 1 • JLake Huron field station support Orennnnrnnhv [Engineering Evaluation 8 Report Preparation LAKE HURON . • ' Field Activities \ a k* a c 1 Engineering Evaluation a Report Preparation LAKE ONTARIO Facilities Development -FIoW Artiuitiee irV.annnnrnnhu Engineering Evaluation a Report Preparation LAKE SUPERIOR . . Facilities Development Fialri ArtiuiKac 1 I c I & 1. . , . Engineering Evaluation a Report Preparation GREAT LAKES 8 ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT • Summorv Ranort U a: x -§ S \| £ 5» S «j a A* ^"% -T- «J H O S y g Q. ,j o * V ^ ' •• • v; \s! -(V -a , L ' ' ' * ' ------- TC=5{ re - ac Te=34 OFFICE OPENED TL=0 10-8-62 10-8-62 HIRING OF PROFESSIONAL PERSONNEL BEGUN TE = I 10-15-62 IO-IS-62 47 Te=is PLANNING FOR ALL INVENTORIES BEGUN TE = I6 TL«I6 2-4-63 2-4-63 48 Te=4 PLANNING FOR ALL INVENTORIES COMPLETED TL= 20 2-25-63 2-26-63 49 DATA PROCUREMENT BEGUN TE=2I TL=2I 3-4-63 3-4-63 Te- Te 22 ------- o EH DIRECTOR UTION CON I-T a o K CU M » «js O EH M 8- o ^ w o EH o 1 gg & w EH cr o ^"»* r^ r-H CONSULTANTS c 3 \| §P a 1 EH < M [£ o-» ^-t r "•* f^ ^— fr>^ ^ 2S O <£ Ho > c IRECTOR AN a M EH g § O ^3 P"1"] O § £ . CO fr, 5 I i 1 NTRACTS ) O . Ci i ADMINISTRATIVE otrmrTr»T?o O •< H SH < SM 0 ii, -t •< -1 EH 33 CO 3 p ' 0^ !• < E O C f 3 R t- W C SI «. PM 1 CO •) M > M • O o ^~ ^5 3 -t - Q 3 ^ Q ID 1^1 2 S o o o" CO E-i Crf fi O ffl S o ^ § ° " tti • M OQ Pi 0-, CO O S feS ° i> ^ r- *^ r»i i — < p^- O EC t-4 C-H p c^ 0 p., ^ 5 o L- CO ^ 2"^ ?< ^ . a: • 9 « S prj EH fc . 1 • M « •< CO S EH CO 1— t O • FIELD VSUREMENTS . W. LIBBY M Pi a ^ O >H O a EH O -g CO CQ CQ i-d ° i3 O i-5 1— 1 9 CHEMICAL LABORATORIES F. D. FULLER — M COO EH MC7) ggs c3 So 0- EH "3 Q CO 8 « 1. - CO CUM 0^0 tj g w S g • 0 Q • W S: CO S o p £3 ££]' « 0 3EANOGRAPHY . L. VERBER O ""3 ^ CO W M p >H H EH H O O 1 — 1 O W 04 Q t-3 • 5 O BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY G. W. CC-^K FIGURE. ------- O § P* CO M co O M 9 p H CJ h-> 3c •-. • P.1 o ed-t M ( t-l-f O I • ' ^ -* i^ o ~" • (0 y ^ •H Services l I i i o o -P w '"/ f j o H o :3 M rj O O CJ •H "o 3 ^ fn O 0 -P ^-P CJ O 0 0 ~: o f-i c-> it -ri IHQ CO i>j r ~s j ,-t H OG ft, p •r: * P3.£ OT M-P ,n PJ $H »O r>^ Q r^ ^2 • * * * O O LEFS Administrative Services ' — A .-, _P ^ O PH ', * j ' ' Co 1 C^ I (Q « 0 f^ •tJ fe 2^ o Ss 3 ^5 Cnarations Branc V/r McElwee V Cj s! c o -H •P O CO rt >. 4-i i. » * O pj •H CO 1 g -p o C) f-i CO 0) .. •? ^ --H n 1' o 1 % Measurements Sec r. ITarcelcno o s! i CJ c •p t) CO to c W O Q -P 0 ^3 0 -H o is £ . Ct! rf -P Cu 1 ! c o •H , -P f-t O O 0) CX CO to c •H PQ 1 -drology Section C. Oster & l o •H -P O (i CO g, • •A o 3 Q • c -a; •n to C w 1 c o •H -P O C)-P w r w 6 -P ij o 1 C o •rt 4J 0 0 c CO O to G-P •3£ •H 2s 0 1 CJ o .al Studies Secti< ?. Marceleno ! * FlfiOKfc ------- 71 as'the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, USDI. The Branch is divided into four sections: Engineer- ing, Economics, Cooperative Studies, and Report Preparation. The functions of each Section are described in greater detail below. Engineering Section - This Section performs the detailed engineer- ing investigations, studies and analyses required for developing compre- hensive water quality management programs. The Section is composed of four operational units„ The principal functions and work activities of each unit are presented in subsequent paragraphs. The Basic Data Unit 1) Obtains data and prepares inventories of municipal sewerage facilities, including waste loads to receiving waters; 2) Compiles inventories of municipal and industrial water supplies; 3) Determines location and extent of other water uses; 4) Obtains water quality data of record from other agencies; and 5) Performs index-aoding of river systems and lakes for data storage and retrieval system. The Environmental Analysis Unit • •'•.•;';:.' 1) Performs stream and lake water quality analyses,, jjtilizing mathematical techniques; < .=.-, ,.<-/-- 2) Analyzes and develops water use and waste return.flowvfactors; 3) Translates economic projections into future water demands and waste loads; 4) Assists the Technical Committee in developing water quality guides and goals; 5) Evaluates control measures required to achieve water quality 'objectives; and 6) Conducts benefit and cost studies. The Industrial Waste Unit . - 1) Obtains and compiles data on amounts and character of indus- , . trial' wastes; '...'•• ------- 72 2) Appraises industrial waste control facilities" and practicesj 3) Conducts special industrial waste surveys; 4) Determines factors for estimating waste discharge for various industrial processes; and 5) Evaluates effects of industrial wastes on water uses and deter- mines corrective measures for problem conditions. • The Hydrology Unit 1) Appraises adequacy of surface and ground water sources to supply present and future needs; • '' 2) Performs low-flow frequency analyses to determine design flows for stream quality analyses; 3) Analyzes the water balance in lakes and reservoirs; and 4) Conducts flow regulation^studies in conduction with stream quality analyses by others. \ Cooperative Studies Section - This Section is responsible for studies and reports on the needs for and value of storage for municipal and industrial water supply and/or flow regulation for water quality control in reservoirs proposed by Federal construction agencies. This involves analysis of the factors that influence municipal and industrial water use and waterbome wastes, translation of population projections and economic growth into engineering estimates of water uses, the effect of accompanying waste loads on the receiving streams, the selection of proper water quality indicators, and recommendations for the establish- ment of water quality goals. The value of storage for water supply and flow regulation in proposed reservoirs is based on alternate costs, ad- justed for differences in transmission, treatment, time of need, etc. The views of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare are based on these reports. The inventory of municipal and industrial water supplies and waste loads as determined for the GLIRBP Study will in most cases, be utilized. Where economic.base studies are being made for- the Corps of Engineers on sub-basin projects they will be coordinated with the GLIRBP Study. Mathematical models and computer programs .developed for the GLIRBP Study will be utilized by the Cooperative Studies Section where applicable. ' - • .. ..••;,-, Economics Section - This Section is primarily concerned with the compilation and analyses of population and selected economic factors ------- 73 having a bearing upon estimating future municipal and industrial water requirements and waste flows. To the extent practicable, study is also to be made of benefits (primarily intangible) from water quality control measures. Assistance will also be provided in the preparation of costs for implementing such control measures. Report Preparation Section_- This Section is mainly responsible for the report writing, illustration, and publishing activities of the Project. This requires: the planning, coordination, and direction of reporting activities; Trciting, editing, and assisting others in their reporting responsibilities; illustrating, reproducing and binding documents for publication; and, distributing reports, maintaining files, and keeping records of publication and distribution. This Section ob- tains review comments and approvals for publication and release of documents, from Washington headquarters. Technical papers and speeches are written or edited and also cleared .for publication or delivery. On occasion, the Section Chief may appear as a Project Representative before groups and deliver prepared talks and speeches. Contacts with television and news media have been maintained and will be developed on occasion to promote the dissemination of news and information about the Project activities, particularly when any significant developments have occurred. Laboratory Branch The Laboratory Branch plans and coordinates several areas of separate scientific study including biological, bacteriological, chemical and radiochemical disciplines. The Branch evaluates the results which have been obtained by known analytical methods and may propose new techniques or approaches to solve problems under consideration. The Branch determines the role of each laboratory Section, exercises adminis- trative supervision of these Sections and reviews and evaluates reports of each Section in terms of scientific soundness, accuracy and adequacy ia. in meeting the objectives of the Project. The Branch prepares inter- pretations and reports for the Project Director, other Branch Chiefs, Field Station Directors, and others. Chendstry Section - This Section is responsible for all chemical and related physical measurements resulting from Project activities. This includes the analysis of water samples at the Project headquarters and aboard laboratory vessels operating on the Great Lakes. The samples originate from the laboratory vessels, from tributary sampling, from industrial waste surveys, and samples collected in support of related studies. The laboratory reviews the results of the collected data and prepares narrative reports of physical and chemical''findings for the use of the Project. ------- 74 Biology Section - This Section is responsible for all biological activities of the Project. It establishes methods for conducting in- vestigations and conducts field sampling and investigations of the Great Lakes and its watershed as well as laboratory analyses of the samples collected during the field investigations. The Section also performs special studies which require devising new techniques for determining the effects of sewage and industrial wastes upon aquatic life which normally inhabit the Great Lakes. The Section prepares results and interpretations of investigations and discusses these with other Laboratory Sections, the Laboratory Branch, other Branches of the Project, and the Project Director. These reports are made available for Project use. Microbiology S_ection - This Section is responsible for the Micro- biological Laboratory activities and field investigations. The Section performs routine identifications of microorganisms in the'Great Lakes and their watershed and performs special complex studies requiring new approaches and techniques. These special studies involve determination of unusual microbiological forms, use of microorganisms to measure lake water movement and to determine water quality. The Section prepares reports and recommendations for future studies and for corrective action. These reports are used to advise the Laboratory Branch, other Branches of the Project,, and the Project Director in the development of water quality studies. Radiochemiatry Section - This Section is responsible for the radio- chemical activities of the Project in the Great Lakes and its watershed. The Section recommends which areas are to be studied and designates the type of samples to be collected. All samples are returned to the Lab- oratory for radiochemical analysis. The Laboratory also conducts spe- cial investigations and advises the Laboratory Branch., other Project Branches, and the Project Director on all aspects of radiological im- portance to the Project. Reports of the studies made are prepared and made available for Project use. Field Operations Branch This Branch conducts the field investigations and research necessary to collect data which is adequate for use as a basis for Project recommendations,, and reduces the data to forms suitable for engineering and scientific analyses. The Branch Chief plans and coordi- nates activities of the Sections and reviews reports submitted by the Sections. Field Measurements Section. - The Section is responsible for col- lecting samples of river and lake water, sediment, sewage and industrial wastes, and transporting these samples in the proper condition to the laboratory. In addition, the Section makes observations and measurements ------- 75 of a number of physical phenomena which are important to the meteorologi- cal and oceanographic phases of the Project studies. The Section prepares reports of activities and findings for inclusion in Project documents. Hydraulics Section - The Section measures flows of streams, canals, sewers, outfalls, etc., in the field, and makes related computations of velocity of flow, time of water travel, average flows, and rainfall- runoff relationships. The Section coordinates these studies with Project activities so that pollution loadings are available when needed. The Sec- tion prepares reports of findings for use in preparation of Project reports. QceanograBhsr Section - The Section conducts oceanographic studies on the Great Lakes to determine mass water movements, and to develop relationships between lake currents and winds for use in predicting the fate of pollutants discharged to the lakes. The Section analyzes and interprets the results of investigations, and reports on these findings. Data Processing Section - The Section plans data processing sys- tems, develops computer programs necessary for analyzing the data, and interprets the results of computer analyses. The Section also provides for the storage and retrieval of data, so that the data are available to engineers and scientists for review and analysis. The Section pre- pares reports on data handling and results of analyses. Lake Erie Field Station The Field Station in Cleveland, Ohio, was opened for the purpose of conducting a study of the Lake Erie Basin which is one of the six major basins included in the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basin. The functions of this comprehensive program performed by the various branches and sections of the Field Station are described in the following paragraphs. Field_ Station Director's Offiee - This office provides overall direction in the conception, development and planning of field station activities within the broad framework laid down by the GLIRB Project Director. It directs the activities of the Field Station, making major decisions and recommendations involving engineering;, administration and scientific aspects of the Field Station work. Line authority is exer- cised in directing overall activities of field station personnel and in coordinating activities of its branches. This office receives consulta- tion through various consultant groups, including the Lake Erie Study ( Group and the Lake Erie Technical Committee. It represents the Project in meeting with Federal, State, and local government officials, members of industry, lay groups and others having common interest in water qual- ity management. Field^0j^ej?ati.ons Branch - The Branch plans and coordinates field activities. It conducts investigations and research necessary for Project recommendations and puts data into a form suitable for engineering and ------- 76 scientific analysis. It reviews reports of all its sections. The Field Measurements Section coordinates collection and measure- ment activities. It collects water and waste samples, performs related field measurements and reports findings. The Hydrology Section conducts hydrologic studies; coordinating these studies with other Project activities. It reports on the results of its investigations including appropriate interpretation of these results. The Special Studies Section conducts reconnaissance surveys as a preliminary to larger scale studies in order to determine the feasibility of the ranges to be sampled, travel times, various routes of travel, etc. In addition this section programs activities such as: carbon filter studies storm water overflows, bacteriological studies, sludge studies and sewage ,• and industrial wastes sampling surveys. Laboratory Branch - The Branch plans and coordinates all laboratory activities. It reriews 'and evaluates all laboratory results besides assisting in planning the Field Station study program. The Chemistry Section performs the required chemical analyses and makes the results available for Project use. The Microbiology Section performs the required microbiological analyses and makes the results available for Project use. The Biology Section conducts biological sampling of tributaries and harbors and makes the test results available for Project use. Planning and Reports Branch - This Branch plans and coordinates activities of the various Sections. It correlates the interpretations and conclusions of all reports, and plans program for obtaining additional information. The Branch is responsible for directing the development of the final comprehensive Lake Erie Report. The Inventory Section collects municipal water and sewage inventory data, industrial water and waste inventory data and historical basic data. The Data Processing Section plans the data processing programs and developscomputer programs necessary for the Field Station's activities. It ..interprets the results of computer analyses and reports .the results. The Engineering Section will conduct a comprehensive engineering analysis using all data collected by the Lake Study. These analyses in- clude construction of a mathematical model of Lake Erie and its major tributaries. Short range and long range effects of waste loadings will be determined and water quality management programs formulated. ------- 77 The Reports Section in addition to preparing and writing reports, plans the technical report writing activities of the Field Station. This Section will be responsible for the preparation of the final comprehensive report. ------- DIVTSIOH OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT (Comprenhensive) January 1, Title Grade Series Pos. No. Name Duty Station OFFICE OF THE PROJECT DIRECTOR Project Director SE DIR Deputy Director SAN DIR (R)(T) Public Information Officer GS-12 10 8l Secretary GS-6 318 Secretary (Steno) GS-5 3l8 Clerk-Typist GS-k 322 ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH Administrative Officer GS-12 Asst1 Adm. Officer GS-9 Administrative Aide GS-6 Personnel Clerk (Typing) GS-5 Secretary (Steno) GS-5 Procurement Clerk GS-U Stock Control Clerk(Typ) GS-U Storekeeping Clerk GS-U Storekeeping Clerk GS-U Storekeeping Clerk GS-3 Kehr, W. Q. Megregian, S EH-63-161 Vacant 3/ RO-353 Kristalyn, A RO-574 Butgereit, Chicago, Illinois J. E. RO-^38 Metker, B. BSS-5090 301 RO-320 203 318 2020 20^0 2033 RO-336 2033 RO-3361A 2033 RO^Si RO-J4-65 RO-339 Banish, C. E. Thorsteinsson, P.J.E. Scelsi, M. Ahamnos, C. J. Morgan, A. F. Krajicek, L. Russo, C. M. Griffin, C. S. McGeehan, P. G. Cravens, J. C. FIELD OPERATIONS BRANCH Supvry. Sanitary Engineer GS-1^ 819 BSS-^337 Pemberton, C. (Actg) Secretary GS-5 318 RO-H26 Gose, R. Field Measurements Section Supvry. Sanitary EngineerGS-13 819 Sanitary Engineer ASE(R)(T) Sanitary Engineer General Mechanic Supvry. Engr. Tech. Secretary (Steno) Aquatic Sample Collector ASE(R)(T) WB-ll GS-7 802 GS-5 318 WB-U 3501 ESS-3989 Libby, R. W. Schieble, W. Alessi, C. R. B3S-5317 Witt, S. A. • EH-63-120 Sutnmey, Richard D. RO-535 Kwiatt, L. C. BSS-^2371A Bo, A. Jr. Degutis, W. J. Demske, E. P. B/ " Edvards, P. C/~ " Harrison, Z. D., Jr. " Kampinnen, T. L. D/ Kash, A. A. O'Connell, E. M., Jr. " Slovick, J - " --^Winslow, P. P. Bald-win, W. F.J. X/ " Maurer, J. J. X/ " Chorowicki, D. W. X/ Stockdale, B. E. X/ II II II II II tl It ------- 79 DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT (Comprehensive) January 1, Title Grade Series Pos. No. Name Duty Station FIELD OPERATIONS BRANCH (Cont'd) Hydraulics Section Hydraulic Engr. (Gen.) Sanitary Engineer Sanitary Engineer Hydraulic Engr. Tech. GS-13 813 GS-12 819 ASE(R)(T) GS-5 802 BSS-3966 BSS-6724 ESS -6690 Oceanography Section Hydrographer HSO (R) Hydrographer HSO(R)(T) Sanitary Engineer ASE(R)(T) Sanitary Engineer ASE(R)(T) Hydrographer Engineering Technican Secretary (Steno) Cartographic Draftsman Hydrographer (Physical) Hy4rographer (Physical) Data Processing Section GS-12 GS-5 GS-5 GS-^ GS-9 GS-7 1360 802 318 8l6 1360 • 1360 BSS-6668 EH-63-360 RO-480 BSS-lj-llOlA BSS-5315 ESS -6671 Supvry. Digital Coup. Prcg. Digital Computer Prog. Statistical Clerk Mathematics Technician Cartographic Draftsman Statistical Clerk Statistical Clerk Statistical Clerk LABORATORY BRANCH Director, Laboratories Secretary (Steno) Clerk-Typist Clerk-Typist Chemical Laboratory Supvry. Chemist (Analytic) Chemist Chemist (Analytical) GS-12 331 ASE(R)(T) GS-5 1531 1512 8l6 1531 1531 GS-5 GS-5 GS-U GS-4 GS-U 1530 BSS-4226 RO-550 W-k36klA BSS-40251A RO-4352A RO-435 ROU351A. Pemberion, C. Chicago, Illinois Tellekson, M. W. " Martin, B. F. D/ Callier, J. " Verber, J. L. Farlo-w, J. S. KCI Rasmussen, J. H. Farmer, V. H. Vacant, j?/ Hutchinson, C. K. Bryant, C. J. Martin, M. J. Vacant 5/ Reilly, B. J. Zink, K. W. Conger, C'. S. Johnson, A. T. Hickey, J. B. Dennis, J. Motley, K. L. Johnson, V. McDonald, Newman GS-lU GS-5 GS-4 GS-4 1320 318 322 322 RO-38U RO-407 RO-4071A GS-13 1320 BSS-3879 SR SAN GS-11 1320 GS-9 Chemist AHSO(R)(T) GS-5 GS-5 1320 1320 BSS-3876 BSS-38761A n BSS-41211A BSS-lj-121 BSS-lflZUA BSS-50571A Risley, C. (Actg.) Gordon, I'.C. Dyer, I. C. Booker, M. A. Fuller, F. D. Calbert. C. E. Johnson, W. D. Kelley, P. ¥." " Whitworth, R. S. Vacant 2/ Doolas, G. Hall, R. H. King, E. T. Hawley, J. E. Meiggs, T. 0. Vacant 2/ Putnam, T. B. ------- 80 DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT (Comprehensive) January 1, Title Grade Series Pos. No. Name Duty Station LABORATORY BRANCH (Cont'd) Chemical Laboratory(Cont'd) Physical Science Tech (Chem) GS-5 " " " " . GS-5 Laboratory Helper GS-3 Microbiological Laboratory Supvry. Bacteriologist (Gen) GS-13 U20 Bacterilogist SAHSO(R)(T) Bacterilogist SAHSO(R)(T) Biological Aide GS-4 U02 1311 BSS-1^235 Frye, G. Chicago, Illinois 1311 BSS-^2351A Allen, 0. -E. 1398 BSS-53^6 Troupe, L. A. BSS-38TT Scarce, L.E. Rubenstein, S. Bond, H. A. BSS-61T3 Dixon, M. L. Radiological Laboratory Supvry. Chemist (Analytical) Chemist Physical Science Tech. Biologi cal Laboratory GS-13 1320 AHSO(R)(T) GS-5 1311 Supvry. Biologist Biologist Biologist (Water Poll.) BiologicalLab. Tech. (Gen).GS-T Biologist (Water Poll.) Biologist (Water Poll.). Biologist (Water Poll.) Laboratory Helper GS-13 SAHSO(R)(T) cs-9 GS-T GS-T GS-T GS-2 Uoi PLANNING AND REPORTS BRANCH Supvry. Sanitary Engineer GS-lU Soil Conservationist (Staff) GS-12 Secretary (Typing) GS-5 Clerk-Typist GS-U kOI 1398 819 Engineering Section Supvry. Sanitary Engineer Secretary (Steno) Basic Data Unit Sanitary Engineer Sanitary Engineer Sanitary Engineer Statistical Clerk Clerk-Typist GS-13 GS-5 318 322 819 318 SR SANE SA SANE ASANE GS-U 1531 GS-U 322 BSS-6T3T RO-Ull RO-U8U BSS-5371 Tovnsend, L. E, RO-383 Ehlert, L. S. Minkin, J. L. Start, G. P. Vacant 2/ RO-U351A Crawford7 J. M. RO-^08 Morwitz, D. BSS-5518 Risley, C., Jr. Abbott, W. L. BSS-^2351A Cornier, R. F. BSS-U096 Cook, G. W. " Fox, J. L. BSS-^25 Schuytema, G. J. BSS-56ll4- Vacant I/ • " BSS-M4-26 Marciniak, P. " BSS-UU261A Powers, R. E. " BSS-H261A Rummel, L. H. Townsend, J. L. X/ " Ovmbey, C. R. Vacant J/ Fischbach, T. G. Hawkins, D. A. ------- 81 DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT (Comprehensive)-- — January 1, 1964 Title Grade Series Pos. No. Name Duty Station PLANNING AND REPORTS BRANCH (Cont'd) Environment Analysis Unit Sanitary Engineer Sanitary Engineer Sanitary Engineer Mathematics Technician Sanitary Engineer GS-12 819 ASE(R)(T) GS-9 819 GS-5 1521 ASE(R)(T) Industrial Wastes Unit Sanitary Engineer Sanitary Engineer Hydrology Unit Hydraulic Engineer ~SRSANE(R)(T) ASE(R)(T) Cooperative Studies Section Sanitary Engineer (Chief) SANE(R ) ( T ) Sanitary Engineer ASE(R)(T) Sanitary Engineer GS-12 819 Economics Section Economist General GS-13 Regional Economist GS-5 Statistical Clerk GS-5 Report Preparation Section Tech. Publ. Writer Engr. GS-12 Cartographic Draftsman GS-5 ' Cartographic Draftsman GS-4 Technical Writer GS-9 110 1531 1083 8l6 8l6 1083 Vacant 2/ Chicago, Illinois Ross, J.~M. " BSS-5292 Pinkstaff, E. Elder, J. ¥. " ': Chaussee, D. R. " Eklund, H. Dunne, W. M. GS-12 813 BSS-6212 Willeke, G. E, Johnson, R. E. Hopkins, D. R. Vacant 2/ ESS-^926 Schuck, W. J. EH-63-ii-32 Kee, D. RO-520 Vacant I/ Buchanan, H. A. BSS-^025 Buckhaulter, A. BSS-^llO Johnson, L. A., Jr. A/ Vacant h/ ------- 82 DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT LAKE ERIE FIELD GTATION January 1, 1964 Title Grade Series Pos. No. Name Duty Station ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH.. Project DirectorSR SANE Deputy-Director- SE DIR Public Health Analyst GS-5 Administrative Aide GS-6 Secretary (Steno) GS-5 Secretary (Typing) GS-k 685 EH-63-439 301 RO-320 318 RO-162 318 RO-605 FIELD OPERATIONS.BRANCH Chief, Sanitary Engineer SAN(R)(T) Secretary (Steno) GS-4 3l8 General Mechanic WB-11 kjkd Sanitary Engineer SANE Sanitary Engineer SANE Field Measurements Section Supvy. Sanitary Engineer SA"SANE(T) Sanitary Engineer . A SME(R)(T) Boat Operator WB-8 5903 Bqat Operator WB-8 5903 Aquatic SampleCollector WB-4 3501 Sanitary Engineer Sanitary Engineer ASANE ASANE Hydraulics Section Supvy. Sanitary Engineer SA SANE(R)(T) Sanitary Engineer LABORATORY BRANCH Director, Laboratories Secretary (Steno) Chemical Laboratory Chemist Analytical Chemist A SANE(R)(T) SCI DIR GS-4 GS-ll GS-7 11 GS-5 318 1320 North! ngton,C-W. Cleveland, Ohio Hubbs, G. L. Vacant ' " Vacant " Cline, C.. "" " Pastva, J. D. " McElwee, W. C. Eggleston, B. C. Vacant kf Vacant "5/ Vacant "%/ Marceleno, T . Warren J . BSS-5687 Jones, W. L. BSS-568T1A Frye, W. BSS-ii23TlA Fuller, -F.-'-Dr, Jr. Bacher, J. " Good, J. S. " McGuinness, J. " Sprenger, R. " Ziats, R. J. " Chrencik, C. F. White, W. H. " Peterson, T. W. " Robinson, C . W. Vacant- -i/ • - Vacant Oster, C. C. Carrara, R . S RO-549 BSS-3876 "DC! CI ) i T (~\} i J3OO ~ H-LLJH- ii BSS-5057 Frohne, W. C. Wagner, A. R. Fisher, W. C. Schroeder, V. C. Ross, C. Osterland, C. Tedde, F. A. ------- 83 DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT LAKE ERIE FIELD STATION January 1, 196k Title Grade Series Pos . No. Name Duty Station LABORATORY BRANCH (Cont'd) Chemical Laboratory (Cont'd) Chemi st GS-9 1320 GS-T GS-5 Biological Laboratory Biologist Biologist Biologist SAHSO(R)(T) SAHSO(R)(T) GS-5 Microbiological Laboratory Bacteriologist (Gen.) GS-11 if-20 Bacteriologist GS-9 ^20 Biological Aide GS-5 Biological Aide GS-J PLANNING AND REPORTS BRANCH Supvy.Sanitary Engineer GS-13 Secretary (steno) GS-k 318 Cartographic Draftsman GS-5 8l6 BSS-4122 EH-63-43 R0-5k6 BSS-40251A Vacant 4/ Cleveland, Ohio Vacant V Vacant ~5/ Vacant V Casper, V. L. Kleveno, C. C. Vacant 2/ Peterson, M. Vacant k/ Vacant V Vacant V Day, R. V. Oliver, J. Alexander, D . Basic Data Section Sanitary Engineer Sanitary Engineer ASANE(R)(T) SANE Data Processing Section ASANE(R)(T) GS-^4- 322 Sanitary Engineer Clerk-Typist Engineering Section Sanitary Engineer SANE Sanitary Engineer SASANE(R)(T) Sanitary Engineer ASANE Reports Preparation Engr. SANE Fazzino, S. C Vacant 2/ Witte, R. D. Vacant I/ Vacant 2/ Martinez, ¥. W. Vacant 4/ Vacant 3/ ------- DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT LAKE ONTARIO FIELD STATION January 1, 1964 Title Grade Series Pos. No. Name Duty Station Acting Project Director SR SANE Administrative Assistant GS-T 301 Secretary GS-5 318 Sanitary Engineer . ASE(R)(T) Aquatic Sample Collector WB-4 3501 BSS-4237 Vacant 4/ Rochester, Nev Yo: Vacant "%/ Vacant "4~/ Vacant "6/ Vacant "6/ I/ I EOD EOD EOD EOD EOD EOD 1-64 2-64 3-64 4-64 5-64 6-64 A/ Term. 1-10-64 B/ Term 4-64 C/ Transfer to Cleveland 4-64 T)/ Transfer to Rochester N-Y. 6-64 X/ Temporary limited appointment ------- CQ £, S I I CQ et •H CO 03 PQ 4) •H CQ •r) O a •H t CQ OJ •3 -§ 0) S •p O (U •o O f-t P4 -P CO -P ft Pi CQ 0) •H 0) CQ -P •H a c c rHt-O,C7\iHOOOHO COUAHHrOOJOJOJOOJ O -d- co co UA oo ro oo^j- ^j- H H H H H OJ OJ OJ OJ i— I H CO O H or) m CD o •H O -P CQ 0 -H IH CD S •H -P tt) S O CQ CD CU 0) ------- ------- HHrocOVD^OCJCVI oooo ifNO o~>rororo H H H H H ------- SPACE 86 Project: Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project EY : 196H Date : December, Location 3>8l9 W. Pershing Rd. Chicago, Illinois T298 York Road Cleveland, Ohio Rochester, Nev York (l) Utilities (2) Rent 1 Use ] Office, Laboratory, ! and Storage Office, Laboratory, and Storage Office, Laboratory, and Storage Area (sq. ft.) 29,337 15,000 7,000 Cost $ 23,500 (1) 1,500 (1) 500 (1) 10, OCX) (2) ------- SPACE 87 Project: Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project IY : 1965 Date ; December, Location Use Area (sq. ft.) Cost 1019 W. Pershing Rd. Chicago, Illinois 7298 York Road. Cleveland, Ohio Rochester, Nev York Naval Air Station Grosse lie, Michigan (l) Utilities (2) Rent Office, Laboratory, • 'and Storage Office, Laboratory, and S ,orage Office, Laboratory, and Storage Office, Laboratory, and Storage 29,337 15,000 ,000 >,200 23,500 (1) 1,500 (1) 21,000 1,000 (2) (1) 800 (1) ------- ESTIMATED WORKING BUDGET PLAK ELscel Year 1964 88 Ragion and Location Region 1964 Allowance Wo. Program/Project No. 207/645 Chi c ago ., Ill • and Title Great Lakes- Illinois River Basins Project 1964 Estimate 11 Personnel Compensation Summer employment Consultants' fees 12 Personnel benefits 21 Travel Temporary duty travel Change of station including dependents and dislocation allowance Car rental 22 Transportation of things Change of station Other 23 Rents, communications & utilities 24 Printing and reproduction 25 Other services Contracts Other 26 Supplies and materials 31 Equipment Total $ 951,000 5,000 2,000 144,000 160,000 10,000 30,000 24,000 1,000 44,000 2,000 524,500 21,900 66,000 180,000 $2,165,400 ------- ESTIMATED WORKING BUDGET PLAN BY QUARTER 89 Fiscal Year 1964 Program/Project Ho. 207/64. Region and Location Region V, Chicago, Illinois and Title Great Lakes- 1964 Allowance No. 4-3155 1st Qtr. Personnel Compensation and benefits $ 262,000 Travel 49,000 Contracts* 115,000 Other 66,800 Total $ 492,800 lst Quarter includes: Weather Btireau Communicable Disease Center Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Geological Survey Corps of Engineers Boats Renovation Bureau of Outdoor Recreation 2nd Quarter includes: New York University Chesapeake Bay Institute Bureau of Outdoor Recreation Jlsh and Wildlife. Service Private Boat 2nd Qtr. $ 271,000 \| 48,000 .255,000 81,500 $ 655,500 $ $ 18,000 15,060 9,060 6,800 50,000 8,100 10,000 '• 52,000 -5,000 30,000 . ' 30,000 105,000 3rd Qtr. 1 232,000 $ in, ooo 148,000 124,100 . 595,100 $• River Basins Prc 4th Qtr. Total 285,000 $ 1,100,000 62,000 200,000 6,500 52^,500 68,500 340,900 422,000 $ 2,165,400 #3rd Quarter includes: Information International $ . ' Corps of Engineers Battelle Institute Laboratory Services , ! JiCt 4l,C 55,C 50, c 2,C ------- ^ vo a\ H M . 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J4 -P tH cd tfl 0 ^ H X -H J-i cd O o ^ PH S !2i CO 3: . rti a> c^ •H +>' ' -P W >> Crf •H fn -H -P -P P cd tjO CQ w G -P O -H -H •H G O 0 0 0 Cd -H fi ff co co pq o C o o i O O • • -a- CM -d- CM VO CO •V ^ ro t— O CO H O O O O CO ON t— _=f o vo ITA ON ITN VO t- H +3 , .O t a f™t .- 3 pq 1 W , o Sj 03 , ^ EH -H cd O Q • -P EH C ' CO •H iH T3 ------- TORKUSO BUDGET Request for Funds, Fiscal Year 1965 99 Program/Project No. 207/61-5 Region and Location Region V, Chicago, and Title Great Lakes-Illinois River 1964 Allowance No. Illinois Basins Project 11 Personnel Compensation Consultantss fees 12 Personnel benefits 21 Travel Change of station including dependents and dislocation allowance Car rental 22 Transportation of things Change of station Other 23 Rents, communications & utilities 2k Printing and reproduction 25 Other services Contracts Other (Lake Ontario) 26 Supplies 31 Equipment 1965 Request 1,281,000 3,000 172,000- 150,000 10,000 20,000 4,000. ii6,000 25,000 612, ooc 21,000 50,000. 76,000 Total $ 2,500,000 ------- 100 -p o 0) o rl P-I CQ d •ri CQ cd PQ •rl W ra •rl O IA d -4- -H VO H C- M O i CM CQ CU • Cd O i-P 40 -p cd O CU 0) fn O S-t P-i 0) Cjj t_J bO O ^ P^ d CO •rl O d •ri H H H •i, o 60 CO CJ •H ,£3 O ^ K^ d o 'So cu K d o •H 1 ^ cd o c 1 d o I -rl :f b CQ ^ --, ^ •"•- ^ K CQ -p •H CD -p d W 0> co pq 3, cu d K O •ri LA -P vp cd r-( d PH rf o o •g H 0) CO CU ri d "is ps d K u «a; (D r! o -p d 0) c3 IA O LA d H H CO . o CU CU 0 H d -p Cd -ri » PJ H d H O s oo oo •&• O Q O LA O LA VO -=r CO CO IA H LA OO ON CM MD ON O H ON\JD LTN -j- H H -ee- O O O LTN O UTN \O -J- CO CO LTN H LTN OO ON CM VO ON O H ONVO LTN J" H H -&^ X K H "W'H i i i qe; MCO CO co CM H Pi O H r-t CM P t-H OO OO OO W < CQ CO CO CQ CO CQ O O O O ' • W • • • CQ <; 1-3 » C? ^ r ^ . d c -P pq « CD J^i 'ri ES -ri H CD -v CS bD cd f-i ?n g-, CD CJ CQ -p M £-1 CU • - — tQ EH -P 03 03 t? 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(U 4J O 47 +3 cu ------- BUDGET BY ACTIVITIES (thousands of dollars) Project: Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project FY : 1561i- Date : December, 1963 Activity - Fiscal-Year •^Headquarters and administration: Rent, office and lab. 232 Social sciences: Projections 77 Benefit analysis 6 Physical sciences: Inventory 9^ Field instrumentation Il6 Measurements and sampling 670 Laboratory equipment 5C Laboratory services Machine data processing Data analysis and evaluation 120 Reports: Preparation 27 Printing 10 Comprehensive Planning Engineer evaluation 71 Flow regulation 33 Land use 9 Recreation (Bureaxi of Outdoor Recreation) kd Aquatic Life (Fish and Wildlife Service) ___38 Total 2,165 Includes all overhead items (administrative services, motor pool, communications, utilities, etc.)- ------- BUDGET BY ACTIVITIES 116 (thousands of dollars) gect: Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project : 1965 ,e : December, 1963 Activity Fiscal Year idquarters and administration: it, office and lab. 380 iial sciences: Projections iVf Benefit analysis 10 ysical sciences: Inventory 65 Field instrumentation 9^ Measurements and sampling 653 Laboratory equipment 52 Laboratory services 520 Machine data processing 152 Data analysis and evaluation 150 ports: Preparation 55 Printing o ------- 11T o o o o o o o o o o r t\ r\ U~\ O OO H CO O o o vo O O o o CM LT\ o o o o o o o o o o o o LT\ O O O O O i UA t— t- CO OJ O O\O W O P-i ro O UA OJ H H H H m -p o ? •H 'ft rCJ M 0) ?H to ^ Tt O P CL> PQ w &0 5rO C C! •H CO rM r^-t fn t) ^"s (0 'l -P -P cd H £3 -H -H ?S HJ PQ 03 " ^ C! w o 0) 53 CfJ Ci> o — - ?H r3 1^ ^ f-i tfl 0 05 O O> 0) ,-H d CL) o d S o ,""^~~s rO O vo H f3 •H t3 (U N •H Cu W O •H -P •H W O P< 0) P! CH O £ O 1 CO -H rH 0 rJ 03 a> o •:-t CH to > -H w O" rH -H PH -H g J^- Pt Ti •\|^ (U O O w (3J w c3 (U fH o £ H OJ Incre aj a b Items Progr 1965 Estimated Requirements 1. Eev Positions „ UJ •i-1 •H CH 0) a> PQ r^j cd a o (_i -p aj w a OJ p-l S O 0 El %j & -fj 01 O tj cl (]\ U/ >>^ )-3 j \| P «M r^ £3 o3 b •rl -P cti M •H H cd 3 s3 pj d (D 0) >-T -P CD ^Q HI O G s-gg •ti c cti Or- 4- •r C •r~ f- a -i- c C CQ 0) H -P •H Td C CD (-4 '3 ^ ta g Pi ^ CQ ce 0) rH OJ 0) 0 0) „ ^ JcJ s 3 a o -s dJ g O ^ a £ ^ §• -d ^ o •H be ill eople #100 % used since ------- ------- APPENDIX ------- LAKE HURON WATERSHED GENERAL STUDY PLAN PRELIMINARY December 1963 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project ------- ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I INTRODUCTION 1 The Lake Huron Study Area 2 Objectives of the Lake Huron Basin Study 2 Organization for the Study 3 II BASIC DATA COLLECTION 5 Water Uses 5 Water Borne Wastes 6 Water Quality Appraisal 6 Water Resource Appraisal 6 Land Use 7 III FIELD OPERATIONS 8 Sampling Program S Flow Measurements 9 Special Studies 10 IV LABORATORY PROGRAM 11 Biology 11 Chemistry 12 Microbiology 13 Radiochemistry 14 V ECONOMIC-DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES 15 Population 1930-2010 15 Economy of the Area 15 Economic Outlook 16 VI RELATED STUDIES 17 VII PLAN FORMULATION 18 ------- ------- LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE FOLLOWING NUMBER TITLE PAGE 1 Location Map 1 2 Lake Huron Study Area -1 3 Current Meter Stations 10 ------- I - INTRODUCTION Background The Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project, in cooperation with State agencies and others,, is engaged in a comprehensive study of water quality on a broad scale. This study5 one of several being undertaken in the nation's major drainage basins under provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, is a part of the program of the Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control, Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The Project's study area, as shown on Figure 1, comprises the Illinois River Basin, and the United States portion of the Great Lakes, their tributaries and contributing watersheds. For study and reporting purposes, the area has been divided into six major parts, consisting of the Illinois River Basin and each of the five Great Lakes basins. Each major part is further subdivided into subdrainage basins for water resource and water quality con- siderations, and into subregions - generally along county lines - for economic base studies. Boundary lines of the six major parts are outlined on Figure 1. Additional details for the Lake Huron Study Area are shown on Figure 2. The general objectives of the. Project have been described as follows: l) A determination of the causes of water pollution and the effects of such ^pollution on the quality of water resources and on belieficial uses. 2) The development of agreements on the desired beneficial uses and the water quality required to accommodate those uses. 3) The development of water quality control measures to achieve the desired objectives, including the establish- ment of a time table for their accomplishment. To meet these objectives, the Project has solicited participation, assistance, advice, and cooperation on the part of: other Federal agencies; State agencies concerned with public health, water pollu- tion control, water resource management, and related fields; inter- state agencies; municipalities; industry; and many other interested groups, both public and private. Most gratifying, also, has been the coordination of effort with our Canadian counterparts achieved through both official and informal channels of communication. Thus it is prov- ing possible to study each of the international boundary lakes as a physical entity. ------- At this time (December 1963) the intensive phase of work has been completed in the Illinois River Basin, is approaching completion in the Lake Michigan Basin, and is well under way in the Lake Erie Basin. The Lake Huron and Lake Ontario Basins are next on the schedule for detailed study, and therefore this study plan was prepared. It has two purposes: l) to serve as a general guide to preparation of detailed plans for study in the Lake Huron area, and 2) to inform interested parties who may not have been already familiar with GLIRB Project. The Lake Huron Study Area The study area begins on the west at the Straits of Mackinac, where Lake Michigan joins Lake Huron, and at the outlet of Lake Superior, and terminates at the Lake Huron outlet, just north of the mouth of Black River, where it joins the Lake Erie study area. The choice of terminal boundaries is somewhat arbitrary, but conforms with the rule that, in general, connecting channels between the Great Lakes are treated as tributary to the downstream Lake. The,Lake Huron study area forms a connecting link, between the two headwater basins of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, and the down- stream Lake'Erie Basin. With respect to population concentration and industrial development, the Lake Huron area is dwarfed in importance by the two study areas it connects, i.e., Lakes Michigan and Erie. A similar situation applies in regard to the magnitude and gravity of present water quality problems, and that is why the Lake Michigan and Lake Erie Basins received earlier attention. There are certain aspects that are common to all areas and should not be slighted. These include but are not necessarily limited to: 1) Water Budget Studies, an appraisal of the ground and surface water resources available to the area; 2) Lake Current Studies, to determine both mass movements and local current patterns in selected areas; and 3) A Sampling Program, sufficient in details of coverage and parameters analyzed to provide a base line for future observation of changes in water quality. Objectives of the Lake Huron Basin Study Specific objectives of the study are: 1. To determine the present quality of the waters of Lake Huron and its tributaries, by a review of existing records supplemented by a field sampling program. 2. To inventory water uses and trends of usage in the Basin, for municipal and industrial water supply, recreation, aquatic and wildlife, navigation, agriculture, and other purposes. ------- ------- D "V-S^- CHEBOVGA LEGEND- Loke Huron Basin Boundary Intemotional Boundary State Boundary - Subbasin Boundary GREAT LAKES « 'L- RA'ER BAS'NS PPCJLCT LAKE HURON STUDY AREA N'. IS FIGURE 2 ------- 3. To identify sources of pollution, and compile data on quan- tities and characteristics of water-borne wastes, in each sub-drainage basin, catalogued by sources and points of discharge. 4". To appraise the adequacy of present practices in land use, water use, and waste disposal in relation to water quality protection. 5. To measure Lake Huron currents and establish their patterns as an aid to predicting the fate of pollutants discharged into the Lake and resultant effects on the Lake. 6. To make economic and demographic studies leading to projec- tions of future growth, accompanying water demands, and associated water-borne wastes. 7. To determine the existing and potentially developable water resources, ground and surface, within the Basin. 8. To formulate a plan for guidance of a cooperative program aimed at improving and protecting the quality of waters in the Basin. This includes development of agreements on the water quality goals, analysis of measures for achieving these goals, sind time tables for their accomplishment. Organization for the Study Except as otherwise noted in this report, the intensive phase of the study will be carried out by the Lake Huron Field Station, which will operate as a Branch of the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project. The Field Station Director (to be designated) will be re- sponsible to the GLIRB Project Director, and will be in direct charge of all activities of the station. Tentatively, it is planned that the Lake Huron Field Station will take over the space, facilities, and available manpower, of the Detroit River-Lake Erie Project (an enforce- ment activity) at Gross lie, Michigan, when that Project is completed next year. In addition to the main field station, substations will be needed for certain activities. Two substations will probably be established - one in the Saginaw Bay Area, at or near Bay City, and one at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Substations will be under the main Field Station. Local laboratories of other agencies, and a mobile laboratory, will be utilized as necessary. Activities to be conducted from GLIRB Project headquarters in Chicago include: economic-demographic studies and contracts therefor; land use management practices in relation to water quality; and Lake current (oceanographic) studies. Contract arrangements have been made through Chicago headquarters for cooperative studies by the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation and by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, ------- USDI; these arrangements provide for continuity throughout the GLIRfep study and will continue to be administered from headquarters.. Project headquarters staff will exercise technical supervision said/or render technical assistance to the Lake Huron Field Station as provided herein under subsequent sections dealing with specific activities; and otherwise as directed by the Project Director or re-. quested by the Field Station Director with the Project Director's concurrence. ------- 5 II - BASIC DATA COLLECTION Water Uses , - - The collection of basic data will be one of the first activ- ities started, and will be a continuing activity. Contacts will be established and maintained with persons and agencies in the area having pertinent information and records. First efforts will be directed toward determining what information is available, the gaps in needed information, and how these gaps may be filled, either by Project investigations or cooperative effort by others. Discussion of specific categories of basic data follows: For the sake of uniformity, water uses will be grouped into the following categories, in conformity with the grouping already estab- lished in studies of other parts of the GLIRB Project study area: 1. Municipal Water Source 2. Industrial Process Water 3. Recreation A. Whole-body contact B. Limited bodily contact 4. Irrigation 5. Fish and Aquatic Life A. Tolerant B. Facultative C. Intolerant 6. Wildlife and Livestock Watering 7. Hydroelectric Power 8. Commercial Shipping 9. Cooling 10. Esthetics 11. Waste Water Assimilation The inventory of municipal and industrial water uses in the Lake Huron Basin will be compiled for each sub-drainage basin. The published data will be updated where needed through state office visits for collecting data from unpublished reports. Results will be ------- published in the form established by the Basic Data Branch of WS&PC Division, Washington, including the national coordinate system for describing point locations. For other water uses, the extent of usage will be described in appropriate terms, as quantitatively as possible. Examples are: acreage irrigated and type of irrigation practiced; rated capacity in KW and annual energy generation in KWH for hydroelectric and thermal power plants; annual tonnage (historical and projected) for commercial shipping; and, for recreational boating, number and type of boats registered, berthing capacity of marinas, etc.. Bathing beach areas on Lake Huron will be mapped and described. Water Borne jJastes A comprehensive picture of the waste loadings to receiving waters in the basin will be obtained. The state agencies and other agencies will be asked to cooperate in obtaining the data via state records, plant visits and/or plant sampling at selected plant sites, both industrial and municipal. Information will be obtained relative to the loadings contributed by boats, shipboard discharges, and dredging operations in Lake Huron and tributary streams. Water Quality Appraisal Existing reports will be used as a source of data for determin- ing the present water quality and as a guide in determining where stream and Lake sampling is needed. Records of water analyses from water intakes, beaches, or other points in Lake Huron will be analyzed for historical trends in water quality at selected points in the Lake. Water Resource Appraisal The adequacy of ground and surface water sources to supply present and projected demands will be appraised. This involves a study of the geology and hydrology of the area. From low-flow frequency data on tributary streams., design drouth conditions will be developed so that water quality objectives can be associated with adopted recurrence intervals of extreme conditions. For projecting long-term trends in overall average water quality in Lake Huron, an estimate of the net annual flow-through of water will be required. Hydraulically, Lakes Michigan and Huron act as a single lake; therefore the water balance study for Lake Huron will have been completed in connection with work on Lake Michigan Basin. Information will be collected on the effects of fluctuating Lake surface levels on water uses. ------- Land Use The quality of water reaching streams and lakes from surface runoff is closely associated with land use. Patterns of existing land use will be determined from Department of Agriculture records and other sources. Representative watersheds will be selected for field studies to determine quality of runoff water and establish factors to be applied to the whole land area. This work will be directed from Project headquarters by a staff specialist, possibly through coopera- tive arrangement with the Department of Agriculture. ------- 8 III - FIELD OPERATIONS Sampling,Program Conduct of the field sampling program will be a major responsi- bility of the Field Station and its substations. This will include coordinating car routes, boat sampling, processing and delivery of samples to laboratories, and installation, maintenance and operation of automated sampling equipment such as DO (dissolved oxygen) analyzers and carbon filter stations. Lake Huron-Extended Range Sampling Sampling in the main body of the Lake will be conducted in boats equipped with laboratory facilities for making certain tests (see LABORATORY PROGRAM) and with quarters for the boat crew and necessary Project personnel. Lake sampling stations will be located at each current meter station (see Lake Current Studies) and at intermediate points. Cruises will be scheduled to collect samples at least once during each of the three seasons, spring, summer, and fall. One of the cruises should be conducted either in late fall or early spring, as close to winter conditions as ice and weather permit. At each station call, a temperature sounding shall be taken from top to bottom with the Bathythermograph, and samples collected at three depths: near the surface, near the bottom, and at mid-depth. Data collected on the first cruise shall be processed promptly and examined for both horizontal and vertical variations in quality; spac- ing of sampling stations and depths on subsequent cruises will then be modified according to the variations thus disclosed. Lake Huron-Intensive Local Sampling Sampling activities in Saginaw Bay will be generally the same as described for the main Lake, except that stations will be more closely spaced, and sampling probably will be conducted by fast boats not equipped with quarters or laboratory. Detailed plans for sampling in the Bay will be worked out with regard for areas of concentrated usage, such as bathing beaches, and heavy sources of pollutional input. In the St. Mary's River - connecting channel between Lakes Superior and Huron - International Joint Commission (IJC) staff will provide much of the needed information. Additional sampling will be designed only to supplement the IJC data. ------- Sampling at the confluence of major tributaries with Lake Huron will be designed to provide a basis for estimating the annual and sea- sonal input to the Lake and show the patterns of dispersal of constit- uents into Lake water. This program will be conducted for the following tributaries: Cheboygan River Thunder Bay River Au Sable River Rifle River Saginaw River St. Marys River Kawkawlin River The sampling pattern at a tributary confluence will consist of one or more stations located upstream from Lake backwater effect, and additional stations radiating outward until the water quality merges with that of the main Lake. Stream Sampling Sampling of streams on the watershed will include areas of importance to population concentrations, industry and recreation. Existing records, of state and other agencies, will be screened to de- termine where supplementary sampling may be needed. The field program will probably include these areas: 1) Industrial-urban (Saginaw River Valley) 2) Agricultural (Cass River) 3) Forested (Au Sable River) Sampling stations will be located above and below major waste-water outfalls, and downstream through the zone of assimilation and recovery for decomposing organic wastes. Lake Current Studies Objectives of the Lake current studies are to determine the mass movements of Lake water, the pattern of currents and relationship of currents to wind and other forces, effective mixing volumes, and the mechanics of the mixing process - all for the purpose of pre- dicting the fate of pollutants discharged and their effect on Lake water quality and water uses. A combination of fixed-position record- ing stations and tracer techniques will be used. Figure 3 shows tentative locations of current meter stations in the Lake. Stations will be operated continuously for a period of one ------- 10. year. General procedures will be the same as developed in the earlier studies on Lake Michigan. Drogue and dye studies will be conducted in selected inshore areas, and especially in Saginaw Bay, where sufficient tracings will be carried out to establish dispersion coefficients and velocity pat- terns over the range of different wind conditions. Stream and Waste Water Flows Flow data will be obtained as needed to translate the concen- trations, determined by laboratory analyses of samples, into quantity of material transported. It is expected that much of the required flow information can be obtained by utilizing existing stream gaging pro- grams of USGS and other agencies. Necessary supplemental field measure- ments will be accomplished by use of conventional current meters, weirs, Parshall flumes or other appropriate equipment. Special Studies Special field studies may include surveys of sludge deposits, core sampling of the Lake bottom, and studies of combined sewer operation. Sampling and flow measurements should be made on a number of representative small drainage areas to obtain factors for estimating the pollutional contributions of natural runoff from urban and rural areas. For the latter, this work should be coordinated with the general study of land use and related water quality (see Land Use). ------- ANTICIPATED CANADIA PROPOSED UNITED^ PATTERN STATES PATTERN EGENO- i.oke Huron Basm Boundary ntemationcil Bourdory State Boijnacry • - Current Meters 3RCAT L.AKCS Vf" BAS'NS LAKE HURON CURRENT METER LOCATIONS ------- 11 IV - LABORATORY PROGRAM Biology Biological investigations in the Lake Huron area will be under- taken with four ultimate objectives: 1) To evaluate the general biological condition of the Lake. 2) To define local or zonal effects from tributaries and waste discharges. 3)t To provide the biological information required for ex- planation and interpretation of certain chemical, bacterial and physical data. 4) To guide the development of water quality control measures that will promote desirable, and inhibit undesirable, aquatic life. Samples of benthic animals, attached flora, and phytoplankton will be -collected at stations selected to coincide with stations where •chemical, physical and bacteriological measurements will be made. A minimum program would involve seasonal studies of the biolog- ical parameters as outlined below; Parameters Phytoplankton Frequency Bi-weekly in streams All samples from Lake Benthic fauna May, Aug., Oct. Attached algae May, Aug., Oct. Collected by Aquatic Samplers Biologists Rooted weeds Net Plankton July or Aug. Each Lake Station Analyzed by Chicago Lab. Field Sta. Lab. (assisted by Chgo.) Field Sta. and/or Chicago Chicago Lab. Field Station-based biologists would be responsible for tribu- tary work and some of the lake cruises. Chicago-based biologists would also work some of the lake cruises. Except on deep-water cruises, sampling by biologists will be made independently of chemical and bacteriological sampling. ------- 12 Laboratory Procedures Samples collected from the Lake waters would be screened at the Field Station laboratories, preserved and returned to the GLIRBP lab- oratory in Chicago. Here they would be processed (macro and micro- examination) for enumeration and identification. The laboratory analyses will consist of: 1) Bottom fauna identification and enumeration. 2) Attached plant life, including algae and fungi, identification and measure of abundance. 3) Phytoplankton identification and enumeration. 4) Net plankton, identification and organic content. Special projects will include studies on the use of artificial substrata for eutrophication evaluation; chlorophyll densities of the subject waters; diurnal fluctuations of dissolved oxygen, and elec- trofishing and bioassay as needed. Chemistry The bulk of this program will consist of routine sampling -of the waters under study. Samples will be delivered to the field lab- oratory for the analyses which are to be made there. The remainder of the samples will be sent to GLIRBP laboratory in Chicago. An out- line is presented segregating the analytical tests to be performed at the field laboratory and at GLIRBP into various groups based on the need for repeated determinations for each parameter under study. Field Station Laboratory Outline Tests to be run-. Frequency of Test: pH All samples . - • Specific Conductivity All samples DO All samples Alkalinity All samples Chloride All samples Turbidity All samples BOD Inshore & Tributary samples COD • Tributary samples Solids Waste samples (a) Dissolved All samples (b) .Suspended Inshore & Tributary samples Cyanide Special samples, waste Phenols Special samples, waste ------- 13 GLIRBP Laboratory Program Outline Tests to be run: Frequency of Test: Carbon Chloroform Extracts & Special samples at Carbon Alcohol Extracts selected stations Nitrogens (NHo, Kjeldahl, NO^) All samples collected; 3 depths Total Phosphates All samples collected; 3 depths Oil Special samples as needed Toxic Metals (Cu, Pbj Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr) Once at each station; composited depths Gross Minerals (Nas Kj Ca, Mg, SQ^, SiO, ) Lake Samples - once at each station; 3 depths Tributaries - once at each station on composite samples ABS All. stations collected; 3 depths Trace Elements ' •'• * Same as Gross Minerals Microbiology The objectives of the microbiological investigation will be to determine the present quality of the waters of each lake and its drainage basin through the use of certain parameters which express the sanitary status of the waters investigated and through the use of other parameters which help to express other qualities of.the lake. This information will provide information as to points of influx of domestic sewage and the wastes of certain industries, as well as lo- calizing areas of pollution within the Lake itself. The tests listed below will be the chief items comprising the microbiological survey of the Lake. Coliform Tests 1. Total coliform via membrane filter (All samples). 2. Coliform differentiation on selected samples by elevated tem- perature test (gas production from lactose, at 44-5 - 45-0° in 24 hours). ------- 14 Fecal Streptococcus Tests 1. Total fecal streptococci via membrane filter using K.F. Agar plates. - Inshore and Tributary samples as indicated by reconnaissance studies. 2. Streptococcus differentiation on selected samples via special fermentation and metabolic tests. Total Plate Counts . • Total plate counts - All Lake samples plus selected Inshore and Tributary samples. Procedure will be membrane filter or special pour plates. a. 20° C. b. 35° C. c. With further special bacteriological identification tests on selected samples. Pathogen Detection a. Enteroviruses b. Salmonella c. Other selected tests Radio chemist ry All samples for radioactivity studies will be sent back to the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project laboratory in Chicago for analysis. Samples are to be collected at the same stations where chemical, physical and biological tests are to be made. Special samples will be collected when high results are encountered from routine samples. Sewage treatment plant outfalls and waste outfalls will be sampled, particularly where known radioisotope users are involved. Special biological samples will also be collected for radio- activity determinations. This will include plankton on the lake, bottom samples on the lake and tributaries and filamentous algae on the tributaries. ------- 15 V - ECONOMIC-DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES The Economic and Demographic Study would include the following activities: Population studies and projections for each sub-region or other area deemed of value to the study; an economic study of each of the above areas; and an analysis of the rate and direction of popu- lation and industrial growth of selected industries through the year 2010. The following is an outline of the proposed Economic and Demographic Study: Population 1930-2010 A. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. B. County Data C. Community Data. Selected communities or townships. D. Service Area. Existing and likely future area. E. Density of population (persons per square mile). Economy, of the Area A. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Employment 1950-1960 Total Manufacturing-tot al Selected Industries Value Added by Manufacture 1939-1947-1957 Total Selected Industries B. County Data Employment 1950-1960 Total Manufacturing-total Selected Industries Value Added by Manufacturer 1939-1947-1957 Total Selected Industries Other production measures, e.g., units, tons, When available Location of Key Plants ------- .u C. Major City or Sub-Area Value Added by Manufacture 'EcQnojn^.0 Outlook Analysis of rate and direction of growth, shift in area or sub-area industry patterns and quantity of production; projection of population and levels of selected industries to 2010. ------- 17 VI - RELATED STUDIES Cooperative arrangements have been, or will be, made with other Federal agencies to conduct studies and submit reports concerning those facets of water use and water quality management in which the agencies have special responsibility and competence. These include: Water Oriented Recreation, by the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, U. S. Depart- ment of the Interior; Fish and Wildlife Aspects, by Fish and Wildlife Service, USDI; and possibly, Land Use in Relation to Water Quality, by the1 Soil Conservation Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. ------- VII - PLAN FORMULATION The end product of the Project's endeavors will be a synthesis of all elements of the study into a coordinated plan for the guidance of water quality control programs. The plan will identify existing water pollution problemsj spot the location's of problem areas; appraise the nature and gravity of problems, the water uses affected and the extent of detriment to those uses; and recommend steps to be taken for the abatement of pollution. Where alternative plans would accomplish the objectives, these will be thoroughly presented as a guide to decision-making bodies. Engineering analyses will be made for translating the projections of population growth and industrial activity into accompanying water demands and associated waste loads. An essential element of the planning function is the statement, in terms as quantitative as possible, of the water quality goals toward which the program should be directed, and against which the forecast water quality can be compared. The establishment of these water quality objectives will be carried out through consultation and coordination with the Project's Technical Advisory Committee, the State of Michigan, other Federal agencies, and Project staff. The impact of present and future waste loads on receiving waters will be analyzed. Where these receiving waters are tributary streams, this analysis will include identification of waste inputs, the effec- tiveness of collection and treatment measures, and the stream flows available under adopted drought conditions for assimilation of waste residues after treatment. Generalized estimates will then be made of the amount of regulation needed from tributary storage reservoirs to alter the flow regimen to maintain the quality goals. With respect to Lake Huron itself, a different set of questions arises in predicting the fate of pollutants and their effects on Lake water quality. Questions include both locf.: id Lake-wide effects and long-term trends. Mathematical models will set up for estimating these effects. The desired answers include: 1) the steady-state con- centrations of persistent constituents corresponding to existing and future rates of gross annual input; 2) the time required for concentra- tions to reach critical levels under projected input rates, if the steady-state concentration is above the limits set for water quality goals; 3) local dispersion patterns in the vicinity of significant waste input points; and 4) correlation between Lake currents and wind or other causative factors, to aid designers in determining strategic locations to minimize short-circuiting between waste input points and water use points. -------


          ANNUAL PROGRAM REVIEW



       FY-196U - FY-1965 - FY-1966



GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT
           December 31, 1963

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                         Project Directory
Names and Addresses
Telephone
                        Project Headquarters

Department of Health, Education & Welfare
Public Health Service
Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
1819 West Pershing Road
Chicago, Illinois  60609
Lafayette 3-5500
Area Code  312
Project Director

       W. Q. Kehr


Deputy Project Director

       S. Megregian


Planning and Reports Branch

       C. R. Ownbey


Field Operations Branch

       C. Pemberton


Laboratory Branch

       C. Risley
                        Lake Erie Field Station

Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
Lake Erie Field Station
7298 York Road (Bldg. 49-A)
Cleveland 30, Ohio
Office Exts. 2271, 2272
Home  TE-2-5388
Office Exts. 2271, 22,:
Home  TE-3-7592
Office Ext.  2230
Home  FL-4-2088
Office Ext.  2210
Home  WO-S-0381
Office Exts.  2T/6-
          2175, 2178
Home  964-0765
845-2200
Area Code  216

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Field Station Director

       C. W. Northington                            Office  845-2200
                                                    Home  234-2032

Deputy Field Station Director

       G. L. Hubbs                                  Office  845-2200
                                                    Home  845-0638

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                        TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                           PAGE

PROJECT DESCRIPTION                                          1

CONSULTANTS                                                  3

TECHNICAL COMMITTEES                                        11

ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FY 1964                    17

        Basic Data Collection                               17
        Economic Studies                                    20
        Field Operation                                     21
        Lake Current Studies                                28
        Laboratory Activities                               31
        Engineering Analyses and Plan Formulation           39
        Flow Regulation Studies                             43
        Studies by Other Agencies                           45
        Bibliography                                        46
        Significant Progress in Pollution Abatement         51
        Departure From 1964 Plans                           53

PLANS AND SCHEDULES - FY 1965                               57

        Introduction                                        57
        Basic Data Collection                               58
        Economic Studies                                    59
        Field Operations                                    60
        Lake Current Studies                                6l
        Laboratory Activities                               61
        Engineering Analyses and Plan Formulation           63
        Flow Regulation Studies                             65

PLANS - FY 1966                                             66

        Introduction                                        66
        Long-Range Goal                                     67
        Program for Achieving Long-Range Goal               68
        Relation of FY 1966 Program to Long-Range Goal      68

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT                                 69

        Project Schedules                                   69
        Organization Charts                                 69
        Functional Statements                               69
        Personnel Rosters                                   78

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                  TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)

                                                           PAGE

BUDGETS                                                      88

        Working Budget, FT '64                               88
        Working Budget, FY '65                               99
        Long Range Estimates                               112
        External Expenditures                              113
        Budget by Activities                               115
        Summary of Changes                                 117

APPENDIX

        Lake Huron General Study Plan



                          *'-.  v-"' '< •   ' . •

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                       LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NUMBER
               TITLE

Special Quadrangle Maps for Lake
Michigan Drainage Basin

Special Quadrangle Maps for Lake
Huron Drainage Basin
FOLLOWING
  PAGE

   19


   59
                       LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE                                                    FOLLOWING
NUMBER                      TITLE                           PAGE

   1         Map of Study Area                               1
   2         Sketch of Current Meter Stations               28
   3         Identification Sheet                           28
   k         Lake Erie Current Meter Locations              6l
   5         Lake Ontario Current Meter Locations           6l
   6         Lake Current Study Schedule                    6l
   7         Project Schedule                               69
   8         Lake Erie PERT Diagram                         69
   9         Project Organization Chart                     69
  10         Lake Erie Field Station Organization Chart     69

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                        PROJECT DESCRIPTION
       The Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project, in cooperation
with other Federal, State, and local agencies is engaged in a compre-
hensive study of water quality of the Great Lakes and Illinois River
Basins. ' This study, one of several being undertaken in the nation's
major drainage basins under provisions of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, is a part of the program of the Division of Water Supply
and Pollution Control, Public Health Service, Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare.

       For study and reporting purposes, the area has been divided into
six major parts, consisting of the Illinois River Basin and each of the
five Great Lakes basins.  Each major part is further subdivided into
subdrainage basins for water resource and water quality considerations,
and into subregions - generally along county lines - for economic base
studies.  Boundary lines of the six major parts are shown on the study
area map (Fig. l).

       The general objectives of the Project have been described as
follows:'

       A determination of the causes of wa.ter pollution and the
       effects of such pollution on the quality of water resources
       and on beneficial uses.

       The development of agreements on the desired beneficial uses
       anq" the water quality required to accomodate those uses,
                                I
       Iftye development of water quality control measures to achieve
       tjie desired objectives, including the establishment of a
       time table for their accomplishment.

The specific objectives of the Project are:

       To determine the present quality of the waters of the Illinois
       River Basin and the five Great Lakes Basins and their trib-
      . utaries.  This is being accomplished by a review of existing
       .records supplemented by extensive field sampling and labora-
       tory programs.

       To inventory water uses and trends of usage in each Basin
       for municipal and industrial water supply, recreation,
       aquatic and wildlife, navigation, agricultural, and .other
       purposes.

-------
       To identify sources of wastes,  and compile data on quantities
       and characteristics of water-borne wastes, in each sub-drainage
       basin,  catalogued by sources and points of discharge.

       To appraise the adequacy of present practices in land  use,
       water use,  and waste disposal in relation to water quality
       protection.

       To measure  the Great Lakes currents and establish their pat-
       terns as an aid to predicting the fate of pollutants dis-
       charged into the Lakes and resultant effects on the Lakes.

       To make economic and demographic studies leading to pro-
       jections of future growth, accompanying water demands, and
       associated  water-borne wastes.

       To determine the existing and potentially developable  water
       resources,  ground and surface,  within each Basin.

       To formulate a plan for guidance of a cooperative program
       aimed at improving and protecting the quality of waters in
       each Basin.  This includes development of agreements on
       the water quality goals, analysis of measures for achieving
       these goals, and time tables for their accomplishment.

       To publish  a series of comprehensive reports, one on each
       major Basin, to present the information developed by the
       Project for basic reference and guidance in establishing
       "Water Supply and Pollution Control" management programs.

       For assistance in meeting these objectives, the Project has
solicited participation, advice, assistance, and cooperation on the
part of:  other Federal agencies; State agencies concerned with public
health, water pollution control, water resource management and related
fields; interstate agencies; municipalities; industry; and many other
interested groups, both public and private.  Most gratifying, also,
has been the coordination of effort with our Canadian counterparts
achieved through both official and informal channels of communication.
Thus it is proving possible to study each of the international boundary
lakes as a physical -
       At this time (December 1963)  the intensive phase of work has
been completed in the Illinois River Basin, is approaching completion
in the Lake Michigan Basin, and is well under way in the Lake Erie
Basin.  The Lake Huron and Lake Ontario Basins are next on the schedule
for detailed study.

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       SCALE IN  MILES
       iZ!
0  25  50     100     150    20O

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               CONSULTANTS AND FORMAL COORDINATING GROUPS
       The Consultants presented below are divided into tvo groups,
those paid from Project funds for their services and those consulted
informally.  In addition, a separate listing is included of
Consultants utilized only by the lake Erie Field Station.

Paid Consultants

Dr. Donald J. O'Connor, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering,
Manhattan College, New York, N. Y.

       Advises on methods and procedures for lake and stream quality
analyses.  Assists in the development of mathematical models for
predicting water quality.  Periodically reviews completed analyses
and renders comments thereon.

       Assists project in planning sampling programs and field
surveys.  Advises on techniques, frequency parameters and other
pertinent matters.

Professor Fred A. Clareribach, Professor of Regional Science,
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin.

       Professor Clarenbach is consulted to provide guidance and
judgment concerning appropriate scope and content of economic
and related studies pertaining to the GLIRBP study area activities.

Dr. LaVerne Curry, Head of Biology Department, Central Michigan
University has been consulted on the specific identifications
of a large group of organisms known as the Tendipedidae.  His
knowledge of this group of aquatic insects has made possible a
more accurate evaluation of the effects of wastes on the water
quality conditions in Lake Michigan.

Mr. Roy D. Gaul, Texas A&M College - consulted on specific
oceanography problems.

Drs. Blair Kinsman and Donald Pritchard, Chesapeake Bay Institute,
Johns Hopkins University, and Mr. Emanuel Mehr, New York University -
were used in connection with data processing and development of
mathematical models on lake current studies.

-------
Others Consulted

Dr. W. M. Ingram, Taft SEC was consulted on several occasions
relative to the merits of the Lake Michigan biological work,
and in regard to algal problems in Indiana and Illinois lakes.

Paul Kabler, Microbiologist, M.D., and Harold Clark, Microbiologist,
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
The chief services provided by Kabler and Clark are advice to the
Project on the feasibility of various phases of its microbiological
studies and review of the finished reports.

W. H. Ewing, Microbiologist, Ph.D., Communicable Disease Center,
Atlanta, Ga.  Provides technical services in the serological
identification of strains of Salmonella isolated in the GLIRBP
laboratory.

Tom D. Y. Chin, Virologist, M.D., Communicable Disease Center,
Kansas City.  Provides technical service in the isolation and
identification of enteroviruses isolated from the polluted waters
of the Chicago Metropolitan Area and the Illinois River.

John R. Baylis, Engineer, Nicholas Kuehn, Engineer, James C. Vaughn,
Chemist, City of Chicago, Department of Water and Sewers, contributed
basic data from their records which was incorporated into our reports.

Glen Metcalf, Engineer, Chicago Park District, submitted basic
data on the water quality of Chicago beaches.

Philip Fragassi, Chemist, City of Evanston, Filtration Plant,
submitted basic data on the water quality in the Evanston water
intakes.

E. R. Krumbiegel, M.D., City of Milwaukee, Public Health Department,
conducted special studies in cooperation with GLIRBP on the water
quality occurring at the Milwaukee beaches.

Dwight Ballinger, Chemist, R. A. Taft SEC.  Used in regard to
polarographic techniques on metal analysis and dissolved oxygen.
Also field instrumentation for dissolved oxygen.

Jesse Cohen, Chemist, R. A. Taft SEC.  Consultation in regards
to modifications on Technicon Auto-Analyzer and polarographic •
methods of dissolved oxygen.

Ferdinanc J. Ludzack, San. Eng., R. A. Taft SEC.  Consultation on
Technicon Auto-Analyzer procedures for C.O.D., kjeldahl nitrogen
and  other parameters.

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                                                               5

A. A. Rosen, Ph.D., R. A. Taft SEC.  Consultation in regards to
organic analysis, infra-red interpretation and gas chromatography.

A. W. Breidenbach, Ph.D., R. A. Taft SEC.  Consultation on carbon
filter studies, organic contaminants, infra-red spectroscopy.

Robert A. Kroner, R. A. Taft Center.  Consultation on analyses of
trace metals and general analytical procedures.

H. P. Nicholson, Ph.D., Chief, Pesticide Control Laboratory,
Atlanta, Ga., Region IV.  Consultation in regards to analysis of
pesticides, gas chromatography, and column chromatographic "clean up"
processes.

Lee Hausler, Plant Supt., Ernie Murray, Health Physicist, and Cy
Hartman, Radiochemical Engineer of the Big Rock Point Nuclear
Reactor of the Consumers Power  Co., Charlevoix, Michigan - consulted
about the radiological effects of the reactor on Lake Michigan and
the potential hazards of the reactor.

Robert F. Sullivan of the AEG Division of Compliance, Denver, Colorado.
consulted regarding the safeguards imposed by the AEC on the Big
Rock Point Reactor.

Harry Thornburg, of the AEC Division of Compliance, Chicago Operations
Office, Oak Brook, Illinois - consulted to determine vhat agencies
bore the responsibility for safeguarding the environment in the.area
of the Big Rock Point Reactor, and the potential hazards of the
Dresden reactor, Armour reactor and Argonne reactors.

Jacob Sedlet, Radiochemist, Industrial Hygiene and Safety Division,
Argonne National Lab., Argonne, Illinois - consulted regarding
procedures for specific radionuclide analysis of water samples,
results of samples analyzed by Argonne National Lab., and procedure
for disposal of radioactive waste materials held by the GLIRBP
Laboratory.

Henry Lucas, Radiological Physics Division, Argonne National Lab.,
Argonne, Illinois - consulted regarding the radium content of
ground and surface waters in the Chicago Area and procedures for
determining Radium in water.

Enrico Conte and Bill Brobst, Health Physicists, AEC Chicago
Operations Office, Argonne, Illinois, were consulted regarding
the disposal of radioactive wastes from the Argonne National
Laboratory.

-------
Conrad' Straub, Chief., Radiological Health Research Activities,
Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, consulted
concerning the future direction which radiological studies on the
Great Lakes should take.  His staff also was used to review reports
and publications of the section.

Geery Karches, Physicist, Taft SEC, Cincinnati, Ohio, was consulted
regarding calibration and characteristics of the GLIRBP laboratories
radiation equipment,

Mr. Ed Fredkin, President, Information International, and Mr. M. L.
Greenough, U. S. Bureau of Census, were consulted in developing a
readout system for translating current meter date for machine
processing.

Dr. G. E. Hutchinson, Dept. of Biology, Yale University; Prof. Henry
Stommel, Department of Oceanography, Harvard; and Dr. William Richardson
and Mr. W. Fofonoff, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - were
consulted on various aspects of lake current studies.

Lake Erie Field Station
Dr. Robert Thoman, Technical Director, of the Delaware Estuary
Study has been consulted in person and via telephone on several
occasions.  These consultations have been most fruitful and have
tended to elucidate the use of mathematical models as water quality
management tools.

       Plans are to continue these consultations with Dr. Thoman
as the need arises and as his primary duties permit.

Coordinating Groups

                        Lake Erie Study Group

       The Lake Erie Study group is composed of agencies and
universities both Canadian and U. S.  (including Great Lakes-Illinois
River Basins Project), who are actively engaged in studies in Lake
Erie and its drainage basin.

       The group has banded together for the purpose of assisting
one another where possible and to provide for inter-change of
data and services.

-------
       Some of the advantages that have accured to the Lake Erie
Field Station to date are as follows:

       1.  The Canadian agencies persuaded their government to
           invite the U. S. government to participate in a joint
           study of the Lake.

       2.  Several cooperative sampling cruises embracing the
           entire Lake on both U. S. and Canadian laboratory
           vessels.

       3.  Plans for a central data repository.

       h.  Contacts from whence is coming valuable data.

The following is a list of the Group Members:

                      U. S. Members

           U. S. Army Engineer Division
           North Central ,Corps of Engineers
           536 South Clark Street
           Chicago 5, Illinois
           Commanding Officer

           U. S. Weather Bureau
           Washington 25, D. C.
           Mr. D. Lee Harris

           U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
           5 Research Drive
           Ann Arbor} Michigan
           Dr. J. W. Moffett

           Director, Engineering Experiment Station
           Water Resources Center
           Ohio State University
           1791 Weil Avenue
           Columbus 10, Ohio
           Mr. George P. Hanna, Jr.

           U. S. Army Engineer District
           Lake Survey
           630 Federal Building
           Detroit 26, Michigan
           Lt. Col.  L. F.  Kengle

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                                                      8
Natural Resources Institute
Ohio State University
1885 Hell Avenue
Columbus 10, Ohio
Dr. Charles A. Dembach, Director

Great Lakes Research Division
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. David C. Chandler, Director

Department of Natural Resources
Ohio Departments Building
Columbus 13, Ohio
Mr. Fred E. Morr

Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project  •
Region V, Dept. of Health, Educ. and Welfare
Room 712, New P.O. Building
lj-33 W. Van Buren Street
Chicago 7, Illinois
Mr. William Q. Kehr, Project Director

Lake Erie Field Station
7298 York Road, Bldg. ^9-A
Cleveland 30, Ohio
Mr. C. W. Northington

           Canadian Members

Lake Erie Study Group
Great Lakes Institute
University of Toronto
Toronto 5, Canada
Mr. G. K. Rodgers                             ;
Dr. G. B. Langford

Department of Northern Affairs and Natural Resources
Ottawa, Canada
Mr. R. H. Clark

Essex College
Assumption University of Windsor
Windsor, Ontario
Canada
Mr. G. T. Csanady

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           University of Western Ontario
           Department of Geology
           London, Canada
           Mr. James R. Kramer

           University of Toronto
           Botany Department
           Toronto, Canada
           Mr. H. P. Badenhuizen

           Ontario Water Resources Commission
           801 Bay Street
           Toronto 5, Canada
           Dr. A. E. Berry

           Department of Transport
           315 Bloor Street West
           Toronto 5, Canada
           Mr. P. D. McTaggart - Cowan

       Coordinating committees have been established with a member
from each country.

                   Agreements with the Group of States

       The Project has agreed to meet with the states individually
and collectively to develop study plans and discuss management
plans and policy plans.

       The intent is to prepare detailed study plans with the states
individually with a possible collective review.

       States are encouraged to participate as much as their other
responsibilities will permit.

                   Special Arrangements with Individual States

       Formal arrangements for collecting data from the state of
Michigan files have been made with the Detroit River-Lake Erie
Project who will collect the data upon written request.

       Routine field station contacts will be with the Michigan
water pollution control agency.

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                                                                10

       Formal agreements have been made with the New York agencies
that permit us to operate through contacts with the water pollution
control agency.  Most of the field work is handled directly with
their regional engineer in Buffalo.  The water pollution control
agency is furnished copies of all correspondence within the state.

       The agreements in Pennsylvania permits us to deal through
the water pollution control agency.  A great deal of our field
contact is made with their regional engineer in Meadville.

       The water pollution control agency is furnished copies of
all correspondence within the state.

       All contacts and arrangements in Ohio are made through the
water pollution control agency.  Contact with the regional engineers
to date have been through the State office.  Contacts with the City
of Cleveland are made directly with the Public Health Service being
responsible for keeping the state abreast of activities.

       Copies of all direct correspondence in the state1 are furnished
to the State water pollution control agency.

       Contacts within the State of Indiana are made through the
water pollution control agency.

       The inventory data from the State of Indiana have been
collected by the Chicago office.

                   Public Health Service Region II

       ,Close liaison and cooperation is maintained with the' Region II
Water Supply and Pollution Control Director in New York.   Initial
contacts with state agencies were made through the Region II office.
They are invited to all meetings with the water pollution control
administrators.  Copies of all official correspondence and contact
reports are furnished to the Region II office.  This arrangement has
been most helpful in guiding the Field Station personnel  away from
internal conflicts within the State of New'York.

       Inventory data collection is. coordinated through the
Region II office.

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                                                                11

                         TECHNICAL COMMITTEES
        This is a brief statement concerning the organization,
 objectives and activities of the Technical Committees to the
 Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project.  Members of these
 committees are men in responsible positions in State water
 resource and water pollution control agencies, municipal water
 and sewer departments, private research organizations, conservation
 groups, and industry.

 Lake Michigan-Illinois River Basins Technical Committee

        The purpose of the Technical Committee was stated by the
 Surgeon General in a letter to prospective members, in which he
 asked if they would be willing to serve as members of a technical
 committee "... to work with and assist the Public Health Service
 on a study to develop long term plans for the control of pollution
 affecting Lake Michigan and the Illinois Waterway."  He indicated
^further, "¥e wish to carry on this study in cooperation with the
 States, municipalities and industries in the area so that we can
 develop a program which will protect these waters for the beat
 uses of all concerned."  He also pointed out that a "... high
 degree of communication and understanding, as well as the dis-
 semination of reliable information, is a necessity."

        At the first meeting of the committee on March 10, 19&L,
 Dr.  Gordon McCallum, Chief,  Division of Water Supply and Pollution
 Control reviewed the need and authorization for comprehensive
 studies of water pollution and said "the people in an area should
 decide what kind of water they want and the uses to be made of it.  •
 It would not be meaningful to prepare a theoretical plan if the
 plan did not meet the needs of the area or was not feasible."

        To carry out its mission the committee, engages in principal
 activities as follows:

        1.  Periodically reviews progress of studies and activities
 of GLIREP, usually at scheduled meetings.

        2.  Reviews work plans for future work and suggests desirable
 modifications, if any.

        3.  Suggests problems that need to be studied.

        h.  Participates in tbe^dcvoLopsient- of -agreetoants on
 beneficial water uses.

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                                                               12


       5.  Studies and suggests water quality parameters and limits
therefor, appropriate to particular uses.

       6.  Assists in the acquisition of information pertinent to
project studies.

       7.  Reviews comprehensive and/or special reports and provides
critical comments.

       8.  Disseminates to respective groups represented the results
of committee activities, activities and accomplishments of GLIKBP
and any other matters of mutual interest or concern.
       To accomplish Item No. 5 'the Technical Committee organized
four sub-committees called Water Quality Work Groups.  Each work
group was assigned the task of determining parameters suitable
as indicators of water quality for a particular use or group of
uses.  In addition, the work groups determined limits for each
parameter which could be used in establishing water quality goals
necessary to accommodate desired beneficial uses of surface waters.

       Work group members are men in responsible positions in
municipal water and sewer departments, research organizations,
universities, conservation groups, industries, and State and Federal
Agencies.  They have technical knowledge and familiarity with water
quality requirements for uses under consideration and in many cases
have on their staffs specialists who assist  them in the work group
efforts.  Each work group chairman is a member of the Technical
Committee and in this capacity he reports on the activities and
accomplishments to the committee.

       Membership of the Technical Committee for Lake Michigan
and Illinois River Basins is listed on the following pages.

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                                                                13
                        TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

             Lake Michigan and Illinois River Basins
Mr. Loring F. Oeming
Executive Secretary
State of Michigan
Water Resources Commission
200 Mill Street
Lansing 13, Michigan

Mr. C. W. KLassen
Technical Secretary
State of Illinois
Sanitary Water Board
Springfield,, Illinois

Mr. Norval E. Anderson
Chief Engineer
The Metropolitan Sanitary District
    of Greater Chicago
100 East Erie Street
Chicago 11, Illinois
Dr. C. S. Boruff
Technical Director
Hiram Walker & Sons,
Peoria 1, Illinois
Inc.
Mr. R. A. Hirshfield
General Hydraulic Engineer
Commonwealth Edison Company
Chicago 90, Illinois

Mr. B. A. Poole
Technical Secretary
Stream Pollution Control Board
1330 W. Michigan Street
Indianapolis 7, Indiana
Mr. 0. J. Muegge
State Sanitary  Engineer
The State of  Wisconsin
Board of Health
State Office  Building
Madison 2., Wisconsin  •

Mr. Ross L. Harbaugh
Superintendent, Chemical Department
Inland Steel  Company
Indiana Harbor  Works
East Chicago, Indiana

Mr. A. F. Endres
Manager
Whiting Refinery
American Oil  Company
2400 New York Avenue
Whiting, Indiana

Mr. Burton H. Atwood
National Treasurer
Izaak Walton  League
Crystal Lake, Illinois

Mr. Horace R. Frye
Superintendent, Water & Sewer Dept.
City of Evanston
Evanston, Illinois

Mr. Edward C. Logelin
Vice President
•U. S. Steel Corporation
208 South La  Salle Street
Chicago 90, Illinois.  '.

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Mr. P. J. Marschall
Vice President in charge
     of Engineering
Abbott Laboratories
14th and Sheridan
North Chicago, Illinois

Mr. C. J. McLean
c/o Northeastern Illinois Metro-
    politan Area Planning Commission
72 West Adams Street
Chicago 3, Illinois
Mr. H. H. Gerstein
Chief Water Engineer, Bureau
            of Water
Department of Water and Sewers
City of Chicago
Chicago 2, Illinois

   Mr. Marvin Past
   Executive Director
   Great Lakes Commission
   Rackham Building
   Ann Arbor, Michigan
Lake Erie Basin Technical Committee

       A great deal has been accomplished towards the formation
of a technical committee to assist the Field Station and the Great
Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project in accomplishing their goal of
attaining full cooperation of state and local agencies, municipalities,
universities, other federal agencies and the general public in
developing a program for water quality management.

       The ultimate need for this committee is its aid in gaining
acceptance of the final water quality  management plan.

       This 15-member committee will be composed of the water
pollution control administrators from the five states, representatives
from:   (l) the major industries within the basin,  (2) interest groups,
(3) municipalities, and (4) the public at large.

       The representative members will be chosen from men in managerial
capacities.  Each member will be afforded the privilege of bringing
technical consultants or colleagues to meetings.  Also a member may
send a  substitute to meetings on occasions.

       The present thinking is that a Committee Member's tenure
of office should expire if he disassociates with the group he
represents or if he ceases to have a direct interest in the Lake
Erie Basin.

       The committee should be functional through  the life of the
Public Health Service study.

        Names of persons recommended to the Surgeon General for
appointment to the Lake Erie Basin Technical Committee are listed
on the  following pages.

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                                                                15
                LAKE ERIE BASIN TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

                      Proposed Membership List

INDIANA

1.   Mr. B. A. Poole, Director
     Bureau of Environmental Sanitation
     Indiana State Board of Health
     1330 West Michigan Street
     Indianapolis 7, Indiana

MICHIGAN

1.   Mr. Loring P. Oeming, Chief Engineer
     Water Resources Commission
     Reniger Building
     200 Mill Street
     Lansing 13, Michigan

2.   Mr. C. H. R. Johnson, President
     Consolidated Paper Company
     Monroe, Michigan

3.   Mr. Marvin Fast
     Great Lakes Commission
     Ann Arbor, Michigan

PENNSYLVANIA

1.   Mr. Karl M. Mason, Director
     Bureau of Environmental Health
     Pennsylvania Department of Health
     Health and Welfare Building
     Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

2.   Mr. Michael E. Wargo
     Park Superintendent
     Presque Isle State Park
     Box 1115
     Erie, Pennsylvania

HEW YORK

     Dr. Meredith H. Thompson
     Assistant Commissioner
     Division of Environmental Health Services
     State Department of Health
     8k Holland Avenue
     Albany 8, Nev York

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                                                               16


OHIO

1.   Mr. George Eagle, Chief
     Division of Sanitary Engineering
     Ohio State Department of Health
     101 North High Street
     Columbus 15, Ohio

2.   Mr. R. H. Ferguson, Assistant
     Director of Industrial Relations
     Republic Steel Corporation
     Cleveland, Ohio

     Mr. R. H. Ferguson is in charge of all the water pollution
     control activities for the Republic Steel Corporation.

3.   Mr. Charles E. Spahr, President
     Standard Oil Company
     Midland Building
     Cleveland, Ohio

     Mr. C. E. Spahr is President of the Standard Oil Company of
     Ohio.  By reason of their refinery activities in Ohio, they
     are quite interested in water quality as well as water pollution
     problems from the oil refining industry.

k.   Mr. Walter Gerdel
     Commissioner of Sewage Disposal
     City of Cleveland
     City Hall
     Cleveland, Ohio

5.   Mrs. Donald Francis
     League of Women Voters of Ohio
     2228 Woodmere Drive
     Cleveland, Ohio

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                                                              17

             ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FY 1964
       The activities and accomplishments of the Great Lakes-Illinois
River Basins Project for FY '64 are presented by major areas of activ-
ity with each of the major areas further subdivided to show degree of
accomplishment by basins, and by Project organization group, whereappro-
priate.  Some of the material presented herein includes work done in
earlier years which had not been previously summarized.  The major areas
of activity are:  Basic Data Collection; Economic and Demographic Studies;
Field Operations; Lake Current Measurements; Laboratory Activities;
Engineering Analysis and Evaluation;  Flow Regulation Studies;  Coopera-
tive Studies by other Agencies;  Bibliography;  Departures from FY '64
Plans; and Significant Progress toward Pollution Abatement.

Ba_sic Data Collection

       The principal activities and work items are as follows:  (l)
Location and identification of waste sources - Compilation of data in
inventory forms and report summaries;  (2) Inventory of municipal,
industrial and other water uses;  (3) Acquisition and compilation of
water quality data of record;  (4) Index-coding for Data Storage and
Retrieval System; and (5) Data Processing.  In the subsequent para-
graphs there is presented by separate drainage basins a summary of
significant accomplishments and the current status of work activities.

                       Illinois River Basin   .                .

       The inventory of municipal sewerage facilities contains infor-
mation on nearly 600 communities.  Over 200 of the communities and
waste data therefore are listed separately in the basin report summary.
Work is completed.            . -                   ...

       An industrial wastes inventory, listing 186 industries with
independent outfalls, was completed.  Information was obtained from
State and Sanitary District records and supplemented with visits to
54 plants and field measurements at 12 plants or locations.

       The inventory of municipal water supplies is completed and covers
Approximately the same communities as the municipal sewerage inventory.
The inventory of industrial process water supplies and other water uses
is completed.

       Water quality data from about 75 State of Illinois monitoring
stations was abstracted and compiled.  Available data from other
agencies was obtained and work activity is now. completed.

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                                                               18

       Index-coding on 157 U.S.G.S. quadrangle maps is nearing comple-
tion.  Over 1,500 codings are shown, including nearly 600 communities.
Overall work about 80$ complete.  Estimate completion by 2/1/64.

       Systems were developed to code and store on punch cards all raw
laboratory data and field observations of physical data.  Approximately
70 computer programs were written to transfer the stored data to magnet-
ic tape, to calculate stream loadings, and to perform statistical analyses
to determine maximum, minimum, and average loadings, standard deviation,
variance, coefficient of variance, and standard error of each set of
data.  These programs have been used to transfer approximately. 35,000
items of data to magnetic tape, and to perform statistical analyses on
these data.

       Programs were also written for machine calculation of the oxygen-
sag equation, for calculation of alpha and beta radio-activity from
radio-chemistry data, and for statistically analyzing data from the
bacteriological laboratory.

                         Lake Michigan Basin

       The inventory of municipal sewerage facilities will contain
information on over 1,000 communities of which about 400 will be listed
separately in the comprehensive report.  Work is about 60$ complete.
Estimate completion by 6/30/64.

       The industrial wastes inventory at present lists, about 360
industries with independent outfalls.  Information was obtained from
State agencies and supplemented with visits to 20 plants and field
measurements at 15 plants.  The work is about 60 percent completed.
Estimate completion by 6/30/64.

       A study of pollution of Lake Michigan by vessels was completed.
Information was obtained from Port Commissions,U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers, and Park Districts.  Commercial vessels carry 95,000,000
tons of cargo on 6?,000 trips in a year.  An estimated 20,000 pleasure
craft use Lake Michigan for about 400,000 trips.

       The inventory of municipal water supplies will include the same
communities covered in the municipal sewerage inventory.  Work is about
60$ complete and is expected to be complete by 6/30/64.

       Record water quality data in published form has been obtained.
Abstraction of data from file records is still in progress.  Work is
about-4Q&~complete and completion is expected prior to 6/30/64.

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                                                                19

       Index-coding on over 400 U.S.G.S. quadrangle maps is in progress.
 Over 4,000 individual codings will be required of which about 1,000 will
 be  for communities.  Table  1  is a list of  special maps needed for
 coding.purposes.  Work is about 20% complete.  About 75$ completion is
 expected by 6/30/64.

       Variations of the Illinois River programs have been used to
 store about 15,000 items of Lake Michigan data on magnetic tape,  and
 printouts of these data have been supplied for use of Project personnel.

                          Lake Erie Basin

       The Municipal Water Supply Inventory  is essentially complete
       for the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana.
       Approximately 490 water supplies have been inventoried in
       this program.

       The Municipal Sewage Inventory is essentially complete for
       the State of New York, Pennsylvania,  Ohio, and Indiana with
       550 municipalities having been inventoried.

       The Industrial Waste and Water Use Inventory is essentially
       complete for the States of New York,  Pennsylvania, and  ..
       Indiana.  The inventory for Ohio is approximately 2Q& com-
       plete.  Data has been collected from  a total of 18? industries.

       A considerable number of published reports pertaining to Lake
       Erie and its tributaries have been collected and reserved  for
       pertinent water quality data.  The reports have been catalogued
       and filed in the Field Station's library.

       Data for the land use study were collected for the States  of
       Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York.

       The inventory data will be tabulated by tributary drainage
subbasins to depict the waste load to the Lake and/or -to the water
sources.   This tabulation will be according to the method outlined in
"The Storage and Retrieval of Data for Water Quality Control" by R.  S.
Green, Chief,  Basic Data Branch,  January,  1963.

       The program is essentially divided into two phases;   storing
and retrieving.  Data is stored on magetic tape according to streanr*
level and mileage from the mouth of the stream and it is retrieved by
utilizing control points identified by stream level and mileage.

       This Project has been computing river mileage indices which are
the backbone of the program.   These indices are being computed from
and recorded on U.S.G.S.  1:24,000 topographic maps and 1:62,500 when

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                                                              20

the larger scale maps are not available.  However, these large scale
maps are not available for the northeast section of Indiana and the
southeast section of Michigan.  We have not computed mileage indices
for the 1:250,000 topographic maps for these areas because of,the •
limited accuracy but will wait until the larger scale maps become
available.

       River mileage indices have been computed for all of the .major
rivers and streams tributary to Lake Erie in the States of Ohio and
Pennsylvania.  Water course mileage from the mouth to the confluence
of all streams have been computed for all levels of the streams.

       Watercourse mileages have also been computed to U.S.G.S. gaging
stations, municipal sewage treatment plants and water treatment plants.
Mileages to industrial waste outlets will also be computed as part of
the inventory of industrial waste discharges.

       The next phase of the program will be the final coding of the
streams according to levels.  This phase of the program will be getting
underway as soon as personnel are available.

       The report will consist of a relatively short narrative em-
phasizing the major or critical sections of the inventory depicted in
the tabulation.  Special waste sources will be evaluated separately in
the report.  The inventory section will be essentially complete by the
end of FY 1964.

Economic Studies

                       Illinois River Basin

       A preliminary chapter was prepared describing the major popu-
lation and economic aspects of the 15 economic subregions of the Basin.
Items covered included trends in value added by manufacture, population
(total and municipal), employment, agriculture and trade and services.
Five state regional trends (East North Central) were also analyzed and
charted.  Population projections (total and municipal) were also made
for subregions to the year 2010.  Supporting data was also prepared
and analyzed.  To the extent available projections by local government
agencies were utilized.

"' ,'   A preliminary study was completed of the Legal, Administrative
and Regulatory aspects of water pollution control in the Illinois
River Basin.  Items covered included a description of State and local
organizations concerned with water pollution control and a description
of the major statutory authorities and responsibilities of these or-
ganizations together with citations of court decisions.  The first.
draft of this report has been prepared.

-------
                        TABLE 1




SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGE BASIN*

15 -Minute
Michigamme
Herman
Sidnaw
Champion
Negaunee
Keweenaw Bay
Skanee
Huron Mtn.
Big Bay
Marquette
Thayer
Watersmeet
Kent on
Roussea
Perch Lake
Ned Lake
Witch Lake
Republic
Ishpeming
Gwinn
Skandia
Laughing Fish Pt.
Au Train
Wood Island
Grand Portal Pt.
Muns ing
Shingleton
Echerman
Strong
Shelldrake
Brimley
Sault St. Marie
...ake George
Steuben
Corner Lake
Trenary
Rock
Northland
Ralph
Sagola
Three Rivers
Vandal ia
State of

Foster City
Gladstone
Rapid River
Garden
Cooks
Fairport
Peninsula Pt.
Escanaba
Wausaukee
Stephens on
Marinette
Cross Village
Kellston
Mullett Lake
Tower
Petoskey
Beaver Isl .
Gull Isl.
Hog Isl.
South Fox Isl.
Charlevoix
Bayshore
Wolverine
Worth Manitou
Worthport
Central Lake
Cheboygan
Gaylord
Empire
Maple City
Traverse City
Elk Rapids
Mancelona
Alba
Frankfort
Thompsonville
Kingsley
Fife Lake
Kalkaska
Fletcher
Benton Harbor
Cassopolis
Michigan

Grayling
Bar Lake
Onekema
Copemish
Mesick
Caddilac Worth
Lake City
Houghton Lake
Man is tee
Free soil
Wellston
Luther
Cadillac South
Marion
Harrison
Ludington
Custer
Baldwin
Reed City
Evart
Lake
Clare
Hart
Hesperia
White Cloud
Woodville
Big Rapids
Mt . Pleasant
Montague
Twin Lake
Fremont
Sand Lake
Howard City
Alma
Merrill
Lake Harbor
Muskegon
Ravenna
Cedar Springs
Perrington
Hartford
Niles


Elsie
Chesaning
Durand
Corunna
Laingsburg
De Witt
Portland
Ionia
Lowell
Grand Rapids
Grandville
Holland
Fennville
Allegan
Wayland
Hastings
Nashville
Charlotte
Lans ing
Mason
Fowlerville
Lowell
Dexter
Stockbridge
Rives Jet.
Springport
Marshall
Battle Creek
Kalamazoo
Gobies
Bango
South Haven
Manchester
Saline
Jackson
Spring Arbor
Homer
Union City
Leonidas
Schoolcraft
Marcellus
Three Oaks
  All Lake Michigan Basin maps needed prior to 1/1/6U

-------

-------
                              TABLE 1 (Cont'd.)
      SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGE BASIN
                        State of Michigan
Tj-Mirmte

Michigamme
Lake Mary
Champion
Diorte
Marquette
Marquette NW
Wegaunee SW
Wegaunee
Witch Lake
Republic
Ishpeining
Greenwood
Palmer
Sands
Gwinn
Fibre
Rudyard
Pickford
Pickford NW
Munussong
Munussong NE
Moran NW
Moran NE
Big Beaver Creek
Piatt Lake
Hulbert
Eckerman
McNearing Lake
Strongs
Pendills Lake
Sullivan Creek
Sheephead Lake
Timberlost
Shelldrake
Emerson
Dollar Settlement
Norway
Brimley
Paco
Kinross
Shallows
Sault Ste. Marie S.
Lafter
Barbeau
Payment
Baiede de Wasai
Oak Ridge
Helena N¥
Helena NE
Helena SW
Helena SE
Ralph NW
Ralph WE
Kiernan
Channing
Lake Margrethe
Sagola
Amas
Kels Jet.
Fortune Lakes
Crystal Falls
Sunset Lake
Gibbs City
Iron River
Gaastra
Naults
Stagger
Commonwealth
Randville
Iron Mtn.
Gladstone NW
Gladstone SW
Gladstone NE
Gladstone SE
Rapid River SW
Rapid River SE
Bark River NE
Buican
Vermilion
Vermilion SE
Whitefish Point
Otsego Lake
Turtle Lake
Big Bradford Lake
K P Lake
Black Creek
Fletcher
Cote Dame Marie
Grayling
Wakeley Lake
Perecheney
Roscommon Worth
Baldwin NW
Baldwin NE
Baldwin SW
Baldwin SE
Bedford
Bellevue
Ceresco
Battle Creek
Delton
Galesburg
Augusta
Banfield
Hillsdale
North Adams
Reading
Frontier
Camden
California
Kinderhook
Bronson S.
Burr Oak
Sturgis
Nottawa
Colon
Bronson N
Coldwater W
Coldwater E
Michigan areas needed but not shown as available on state index
                                            map:
              Luce
              Schoolcraft
              Mackinac
              Menominee
              Montcalm
           Counties
           Portions
              of:
          Dickerson
          Charlevoix
          Roscommon
          Clare
        Gratiot
        Hillsdale
        Branch
        St. Joseph

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-------
                              TABLE 1  (Cont'd.)
     SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGE  BASIN
                          State of Wisconsin
15-Minute

Star Lake
Phelps
Beechwood
Minoc qua
Ro~bbins
Three Lakes
Alvin
Long Lake
Florence
Iron Mountain
Norway
Cassian
Rhinelander
Monico
Crandon
Laona
Goodman
Dunbar
Bembine
Tomahawk
Parrish
Elcho
Wisconsin Rapids
Whiting
Amherst
Waupaca
Weyauwega
New London
Appleton
De Pere
Denmark
Kewaunee
Milladore
Stevens Point
Rosholt
Tigerton
Clintonville
Enibaras s
Seymour
Green Bay
Hew Franken
Casco
Algoma
Sheboygan Falls
Sheboygan South
Mauston
Oxford
Montello
Keshkoro
Ripon
Rosendale
Fond Du Lac
Kiel
Howards Grove
Sheboygan North
Arkdale
Coloma
Wecedah
Wautoma
Redgranite
Weenah
Chilton
Reedsville
Manitowoc
Racine
Silver Lake
Lake Geneva
Eagle
Hales Corners
South Milwaukee
Hartland
Waukesha
Milwaukee
Horicon
Hartford
West Bend
Port Washington
Reedsburg
Ellison Bay
Washington Island
Sister Bay
Sturgeon Bay
Jacksonport
Merton
Oconomo
Hartland
Sussex
Menominee Falls
Waukesha
Wauwatosa
Thiensville
Milwaukee
Port Washington W.
Port Washington E.
Cedarburg
Appleton
De Pere
Bellevue
Green Bay West
Green Bay East
Oshkosh
Wisconsin areas needed but not shown as available on state index map:

Adams County
Winnebago County
A Portion of Door County

-------

-------
                              TABLE 1 (Cont'd.)
      SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGE BASIN
                           State of Wisconsin
T?-Minute

Wisconsin Dells
Briggsville
Portage
Randolph
Fox Lake
Waurun
Campbellsport
Kewaskum
Lily
Wabeno
Thunder Mountain
Athelstane
Wausaukee
Stephenson
Merrill
Doering
Antigo
White Lake
Langlade
Mountain
Coleman
Porterfield
Marinette
Marathon
Wausau
Hatley
Wittenburg
Gresham
Shawano
Gillett
Oconto Falls
Oconto
Stonebank
Iron River
Gaastra
Fortune Lakes
Naults
Stage r
Commonwealth
Randville
Norway
Vulcan
Sheboygan Falls
Sheboygan South
School Hill
St. Wendell
Franklin
Howards Grove
Cleveland
Sheboygan North
Manitowoc
Sturtevant
Racine South
Pleasant Prairie
Kenosha
Paddock Lake
Muskego
Hales Corners
Waterford
North Cape
Greendale
S. Milwaukee
Frandsville
Racine North

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-------
                             TABLE 1 (Cont'd.)
          SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN
                          State of Indiana

15-Minute                         ?1?-Minute (Cont'd.)

Tolleston                         Lydick
Porter                            South Bend West
                                  South Bend East
TJ-Minute                         Osceola
Schneider
Shelby
DeMotte
Weatfield
Lowell
Leroy
Hebron
Kouts
La Crosse
St. John
Crown Point
Palmer
Valpariso
Wanatah
Hanna
Kingsford Hts.
Hamlet
Walkerton
Lapaz
Bremer
Nappanee West
Nappanee East
Milford
Wawasee
Ligonier
Ormas
North Webster
Leesburg
Bourban
Inwood
Donaldson
Knox East
Knox West
Warsaw
Pierceton
Lorane
Plymouth
Indiana a.reas needed but not shown
as available on state index map:

Newton County
Jasper County
Starke County
Fulton County
Kosciusko County
Whitley County
Wabash County
Pulaski County
White County
Marshall County
La Porte County
St. Joseph County

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                              TABLE 1 (Cont'd.)

          SPECIAL QUADRANGLE MAPS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN
                         State of Illinois

1$-Minute                         7?-Minute

McHenry                           Wheeling
Gray's Lake                       Highland Park
Waukegan                          Arlington Heights
Elgin                             Park Ridge
Barrington                        Evanston

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                                                              21

                      Lake Michigan Watershed

       Information was compiled on past economic and population trends
(total and municipal) for the 1? subregions of this watershed.  Major
economic items for which trend data was analyzed included value added
by manufacture and employment.  Descriptions of the agricultural econ-
omy were also included.  Preliminary population projections were made
for economic subregions.

       An outline and a proposed contract was prepared relative to Legal,
Administrative and Regulatory aspects of water pollution control.  Items
to be covered include organizational structures, statutory provisions
and analysis of the adequacy of these factors.

                        Lake Erie Watershed

       Information was compiled on past population and economic trends
for the 17 subregions of this watershed.  Major economic items included
were value added by manufacture and employment.

                   Detroit River-Lake Erie Study

       In connection with the Enforcement Study of this area, past and
future population growth characteristics were summarized.  Past trends
in manufacturing activity were also summarized, and analyzed.  A report
draft was prepared for the Detroit River-Lake Erie Project.

Field Operations

       In support of the Project's objectives to obtain factual water
quality data for use in comprehensive basin planning activities, the
Field Operations Branch has been engaged in an intensive program of
sample collection, stream flow measurement, lake current studies and
data processing responsibilities.  The activities and accomplishments
of the first three sections of this Branch are reported below.  The
activities and accomplishments of the Data Processing Section have
been incorporated in the report on Basic Data Collection.

                       Illinois River Basin

       Field operations in the Illinois River Basin in FY '64 consisted
mainly of completing activities which had been started earlier.

       Eight stations on the Illinois River, for the purpose of col-
lecting virus and bacteria by the Moore gauze pad technique, were dis-
continued in November, 1963 at the conclusion of this study.  These
stations had been serviced weekly for more than one year.

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                                                             22

     Carbon filters' Installed on the Illinois Waterway at Wilmette
and Lockport, and continuous dissolved oxygen analyzers at Wilmette,
Lockport and Peoria were removed in October, completing this phase
of the study.

     An investigation of bottom  deposits in the upper waterway,
Wilmette to Lockport, was made in February and March.  A previous
study, made in August 1961, indicated that sludge deposits five
to seven feet in depth existed in most of the waterway.  In ther .
later study, sediment depths were found to be significantly less
than those found previously.  It is believed that high flows which
occurred during September 196l, as a result of over Ik inches of
rain, scoured the channel, and that deposits have not yet built    !
up to the depths which obtained earlier.

     In connection with the sewer overflow studies, water level
gages were operated in the Roscoe Street sewer during the first
half of FY 6k} while gages were removed from the Union Avenue sewer.
Rainfall has been very sparse throughout the fall, producing very
few overflows.  All gages will be removed by January 1.

    ' First drafts of sections of the basin report have been written,
covering sampling activities, hydraulic measurements and computations,
and special studies conducted by the Branch.

                          Lake Michigan

     The major emphasis in collection of samples and hydraulic
measurements was in the following areas of activity in  the Lake
Michigan Basin during the year.  These were lake sampling, tributary
sampling, Calumet area, Menominee River, and Beach and-Marina Studies.

     Lake Sampling - Sampling of Lake Michigan was conducted through-
out the working season, using three vessels operated by the Corps
of Engineers, and one operated by the Fish and Wildlife Service.
A total of 1,410 station stops were made, with an average of about
k depths sampled at each station.  In general, extended range
stations were visited once, and harbor and inshore stations several
times each.  In addition, various physical observations and measure-
ments were made for meteorological and oceanographic purposes.  This
activity is  95$ complete, and will be completed during the 4th
quarter, FY  64.

     During  the past season, most of the sampling in Lake Michigan
has been accomplished using the vessel T-509 which is equipped with
a laboratory and quarters for a crew of eight.  The vessel T-501,
a sister ship to the T-509, will be equipped with a laboratory and

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                                                             23

crew's quarters this winter at the Corps of Engineers' boatyard
in Kewaunee, Wisconsin.  Thus, the Project will have two lab
boats available during the 4th quarter FY 1964.  The T-509 will
be assigned to the Lake Erie Field Station, for full time work in
Lake Erie next season.  The T-501 will be used for deep water
sampling in the areas occupied by current meter stations in Lake
Erie and Lake Ontario.

     Tributary Sampling - Sampling of Lake Michigan tributaries
on a weekly basis was begun in April 1963 and is scheduled to
continue for one year.  Twenty-nine stream stations were established,
generally near the mouths of the tributaries.  However, selected
stations were located inland to determine waste loads from runoff
from areas with different types of land use.  In connection"with
this program, it was necessary to establish and operate four stream
gaging stations in order to determine daily flows on those streams
for which the U. S. Geological Survey could not furnish the data.

     Calumet Area, Illinois and Indiana - An intensive survey of
the streams and lake front in the Calumet area was made during
August and September.  The study was conducted for two ten-day
periods with a four-day break in between.  A total of 35 river
stations were sampled daily, and 50 lake stations were sampled
five times during the survey.  Stream flow was measured at four
locations during the study.

     The industrial complex in the Calumet area was the subject of
a screening survey for industrial wastes during October, November,
and December.  A total of 95 outfalls and 10 water intakes were
sampled at selected industries on Calumet Harbor and Indiana Harbor.
Stream samples were also collected at selected locations.  Samples
were collected at 2 or 3-hour intervals and"composited on a 24 or
48-hour basis for each industry sampled.  A flow measurement was
made at the time each sample was collected.  Results of this survey
will be used to determine which industries will be intensively
studied in the coming months.

     Inshore and harbor stations in the Calumet area of Lake  ,
Michigan were investigated on three occasions for phenolics concen-
tration.  Samples were collected in October, November and December
at 42 locations from Calumet Harbor to Burns Ditch.  Particular
emphasis was placed on areas adjacent to municipal water intakes.

     Menominee River Sampling -  During August, field support was
furnished to personnel from R. A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center,
in a joint sampling program of the Menominee River and Menominee
Harbor.  Data was collected on the water quality of the area to

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                                                              24

support an enforcement study "by PHS.  Technical and scientific  ;
personnel and equipment were furnished for a two-week period.,
Twenty stations were sampled twice a day for ten days.

     Beach and Marina Sampling - A study of water quality in bathing
areas of public beaches and at marinas in Milwaukee and the Chicago
area was made in late August.  Samples were collected in the morning
and afternoon,, for 5 days including a weekend, at four beaches in
the Chicago area, .At Milwaukee beach samples were collected for Ik
days.  Samples were also collected once daily at marinas•located in
the general vicinity of the beaches.

                          Lake Erie Basin

     Reconnaissance Activities- During the year a development
sampling program was undertaken.  Nine harbor and lake-affected
tributary areas were sampled at lh-0 stations for a total of 1,000
samples.

     During the year two cruises were made of the,inshore and extended
range stations in the U. S. and Canadian portions of .lake Erie.

     Samples were collected from three depths at the,extended range
stations and from mid-depth at inshore stations.  Selected chemical,
bacteriological and biological analyses were made on the samples..

     Five-hundred samples were collected from 150 stations in U. S.
Waters and 33 stations in Canadian Waters.

     In addition, 200 samples were collected in dispersion studies
at two areas of river confluence with the Lake.

     Tributary Sampling Program - The Lake Erie Basin Tributary
Program will begin during the 3rd quarter and will consists of
studying the significant streams to furnish a water quality, manage-
ment plan that can be used to control the quantity and quality of .
water at the desired levels.

     In order to prepare such a water quality management plan, one  :
must be able to predict the water quality and water quantity under
varying conditions of weather, waste loading, and flow rates.  These
predictions can be made through judicious use of mathematical models
or formulas derived from data collected from the stream under varying
conditions.  The tributary sampling program will be designed to
collect data necessary for the derivation of these mathematical models.

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                                                              25

       The following streams will be studied:

              Maumee River
              Ottawa River
              Portage River
              Sandusky River
              Black River
              Rocky River
              Cuyahoga River
              Clinton River

       Tributary Load Contribution Studies - The tributary load
contribution studies will begin in January, 196^.  These studies
will be conducted for the purpose of determining the waste contributed
to the lake by the streams.  A principal use of this data will be
the construction of long term water quality models on the lake

       A great deal of study has resulted in the conclusion that the
most practical way of determining the waste contribution of streams
to Lake Erie is to add the waste contributions to the lake-affected
area to that coming into the area from upstream.

       Specifically, the proposal is to establish sampling points
at convenient points above the lake-affected areas where fairly
accurate flow measurements can be made.  Analysis will be made for
phosphorous, nitrogen, BOD, DO, and other routine waste parameters
plus other parameters of local significance.

       The load contribution from the lake-affected area will be
determined from the inventory supplemented by data collection in
the tributary model studies.

       In addition to the streams listed above, the St. Glair River
and Lake St. Clair will be included in this phase of the study.

       Results obtained by the Detroit-Lake "Erie Project will be
incorporated into these studies also.

       Harbor and Inshore Sampling Program - The inshore sampling
program will begin during the *rth quarter.  This program is designed
to collect data that can be mathematized %mto a formula or model to
be used as a tool in managing the water quality of areas with
critical water uses.

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                                                              26

       Intensive or synoptic type surveys will begin during the
Vbh quarter.  This program vill furnish data necessary to,construct
a prediction model for areas of the lake adjacent to areas with
critical water uses and will consist of sampling a large number of
stations for a few significant parameters over a two day period.

       When particular conditions exist causing the waste to "plume"
into the lake, special studies will be made to collect data to
mathematize and to describe the effects on water quality.  The
parameters measured will depend upon the character of the waste
under study.  Several parameters easily and quickly determined
such as specific conductivity, chlorides and temperature will be
used to guide the sampling and confine it to the plume, except for
control samples taken from the surrounding waters.  We estimate two
to three such studies will be made.  Meteorological data, such as
wind  velocity, duration, temperature, sunshine, precipitation,
etc., will be collected for each study period.

       Four of the synoptic studies will be made in each area under
study.  Twelve general areas are considered for study,— four from
Detroit and eight from Cleveland.  The four from Detroit are:  two
in Lake St. Glair, Detroit, and Toledo.  The eight from Cleveland
are:  Sandusky, Lorain, Cleveland, Pairport, Ashtabula, Erie,
Irving, and Buffalo.  There will be one to three synoptic survey
areas in each of the general areas.

       This program may be conducted in conjunction with a two weeks
per season type inshore sampling program.

       Samples will be analyzed for phosphorous, nitrogen, BOD, DO and
other routine waste parameters of local significance.

       Extended Bange Sampling - The extended range cruises will
furnish data to supplement existing data for the construction of
a long-term prediction model.

       One such cruise will be conducted in each of the three
seasons, spring, summer and fall, using a T-boat with laboratory,

       Special Studies - These studies will be  designed to assist
in the evaluation of special problems that will arise during the
course of the study, to establish significant sources of pollution,
and the development of the comprehensive .water  quality management
program.  The need for special studies will be  determined as each
individual phase of the study is completed and  evaluated.

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                                                               27

       At the present time it is unknown exactly how many special
studies will be undertaken.  The following activities will be
considered:  Storm water overflows., Carbon filter studies,, Bathing
beach surveys and Industrial waste surveys.

       In general, the special studies will be joint efforts with
state, county, city and local agencies.  The Pub lie'-Health Service
will act as.coordinator and furnish laboratory and technical assistance
as required to facilitate the programs.

       Combined Sewer and Storm Run-off studies planning is in the
formative stage at this time.  Present thinking is that the Combined
Sewer studies are likely to be confined to compilation, review, and
analysis of existing data and reports.  Such a program should include
the Cities of Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Erie, and Buffalo.  On the
other hand, if legislation presently before Congress should secure
early passage, special emphasis will be placed on the Combined Sewer
study in Cleveland.  A special survey has been conducted in conjunction
with the City of Cleveland to collect and sort data oh its combined
sewer system.  The results of this survey have been forwarded to the
Basic Data Branch in Washington.

       Carbon filter stations will be located at tributary sites and
at such places along the watercourse as would be subject to changing
conditions of organic loading.  No valid and firm location of the
carbon filter stations can be made without an on-site survey.  The
following locations indicate the sites of existing or proposed stations:
Detroit River, Maumee River, Cuyahoga River, Niagara River (2 locations),
and Buffalo River.

       The following locations will be considered in selecting sites
for additional carbon filter units:.  Blade River, Grand River and
Lake Erie - Selected water intakes,

       It is anticipated that sampling of bathing beaches will be
undertaken to determine the extent of bacteriological pollution. '
Sampling at the beaches will, involve determination of the bathing
loads, weather conditions, and the bacteriological quality.

       It is anticipated that this study will be a cooperative
effort with state, county, city, and local agencies and the field
station will coordinate the activities.

       It is anticipated that sampling of waste water outlets from
selected industrial waste sources discharging separately to the
watercourses under study will be required.

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                                                               28

       Industrial waste sampling would include the installation
of special flow measuring equipment and other sampling and
monitoring equipment as required by the waste "being sampled.

       It is anticipated that this will "be a cooperative program
with the various industries and state agencies.

Lake Current Studies

                        Lake Michigan Basin

       Current Measurements - The current meter program for FT 1964
included a total of 32 stations.  These stations were removed from
the lake in October and November and 18 new stations were set for
operation through the winter of 1963-64.  The data from the summer-
fall stations will be processed in the third and fourth quarter.

       A typical setting is described by reference to Figure 2.
The station is set and descriptive information included with a
sketch similar to Figure 2 for each station.  This is filed in the
master-log book as an "out" station.  The station is allowed to
remain in the lake for a period of 3-4 months, on a predetermined
schedule.

       Upon retrieval, an identification sheet, Figure 3; is made
out for each meter, and is sent with the film to the film processor.
The film is removed from the meters, checked for distance moved,
indexed to the meter number and forwarded to Cine Service for
processing.  Cine Service sends two copies of the film to the Geodyne
Corporation who previews the film stores the original and forwards
the previewed film to Information International.  The preview dis-
closes the exact start, film irregularities, unusual changes, etc.

       Information International reads the film according to the
New York University instructions and places the data on magnetic
tape.  The tape is sent to N.Y.U.

       New York University runs the tape on any of several programs  ,
constructed by the staff of GLIHBP.  The contract with W.Y.U. has
only been in force for one month and further programming has not
been completed.  At present, we now program a two hour envelope of
speed and direction, standard deviation, histogram - bivariate
frequency distribution of speed and direction, data printout, and
6, 12, 24, and 48-hour averages.

-------
    ,34.
                                                           ^
                                             locatior—U!Q p/(  '-•'
                                                       o?  OvJ  -*

                                             set 6 August 1563 .--  1215 CDI
                                               aneir. . 12li>' CJT
                                                                     184-

floo
                            ._ ..   3ot>
                    FIGURE 2
                                                                     398
                                                                   it
                                                                  D
                                                                     its

-------
Date
Film Serial No.
Type of Inst.
Date/Time Started
Date/Time Ended
Speed of Film (Cont.)
Lat:
Lake:
Beginning Ft. Mark
Emulsion No.
Serial No.
Station No.
Depth
Time (interval)
Long:
Job:
Frames Skipped
Batch No.
Processing Neg.
Edge No's Original
Positive Quantity
Prints
Original Stored
1st Print Stored
2nd Print Stored
Film to be read
Continuous
Recovery Buoy $
Interval
Temperature Recorder #
Copy
     _Geodyne

      Information International

     _NYU

      Permanent File

      Other Files
                                           GREAT LAKES  8  ILLINOIS
                                             RIVER BASINS PROJECT
                                       IDENTIFICATION  SHEET AND LOG
                                       US DEPT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, 8 WELFARE
                                               PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
                                       REGION V               CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
                                                               FIGIIRF 3

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                                                               29

       Perhaps the unique accomplishment is the collection and .
tabulation of nearly one million current meter readings and the
collection of nearly one million temperature records to date.
The data has disclosed several important factors:

       1.  The presence of high speed (1.6 mph) currents at the
800 foot depth.

     •  2.  The presence of rotating or wave form movements at nearly
all depths with a period near the inertial period (17+ hours).  This
period is induced by the earth's rotation.

       3.  The presence of long and short period internal waves on
the thermocline over the entire lake.  These periods vary from 20
minutes to over 17 hours (the inertial period);  The-wave heights on
the thermocline appear to be about 25 feet high during August.

       4.  Southern Lake Michigan has two principal circulations,
clockwise in winter and counterclockwise in summer.

       5.  The winter '62-'63 data have been analyzed in some detail
and the circulation appears to be wind dependent.

       In addition to the earlier reports of Lake Current Studies,
LM Series 7 thru 11, submitted to the Department of Justice, the
Section has submitted LM 12, "Currents in the Southern Basin"
which was also entered in evidence.

       The Section has completed, in draft form, a report on the.
initial studies in Lake Michigan covering the Period December 1962
to April 1963.  This report includes the types and kinds of equipment
being used and methods of processing the data.  It is expected to be
available by February of this year.

       Wind and Current Relationships - Progress was made in developing
a general model of lake currents produced by several of the possible
wind regimes for Lake Michigan.  A computer program has been written
for this purpose.  Availability of buoy and aerovane wind data with
some of the current data, and development of a method of systematically
relating this wind observation to the air pressure field over the
Lake, assisted in this task.

       Comparative Rainfall Studies -  (a) A comparative rainfall
study, warm season only, between the Chicago area and the 68th
Street Crib, 3 miles offshore in Lake Michigan, is being conducted
to develop better understanding of shore to over water rainfall.

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                                                              30

       (b)  Rainfall data, warm season only, is being recorded on
three Chesapeake and Ohio Kailroad car ferries in central Lake
Michigan to gain familiarity with over-water rain occurrence on
this portion of the Lake.  Additional data are needed to .carry out
meaningful analysis.

       (c)  A small network of 10 cooperative stations for observation
of snowfall and temperature has been established on the southeastern
shore of Lake Michigan.  A study of these data is expected to provide
a better understanding of conditions leading to the development of
the different types of lake snow storms.  This should lead to a
method for estimating the amount of water which evaporates from the
lake surface during periods of snowfall, and to an improvement in
the prediction of lake snowfall intensities.

       Comparative Cloud Observations - Cloud data for Lake Michigan
were gathered by C-LIKBP sampling crews while on the water.  Worth
Central Airlines also supplied over-water cloud cover data.

       Comparison of over-water cloud cover to that over surrounding
shore areas will permit estimation of radiation differences received
by the water and by surrounding land areas.  Reduction of these
data by the meteorologist, at this time, is not planned.

       Meteorological Tower - A steel tower rising 55 feet above
the water surface, located a mile west of Muskegon, Michigan, in
50 feet of water, was erected by the Corps of Engineers.  This
tower provides a platform for the study of momentum flux between
air and water.  This tower, which is movable, will remain in the
Lake, except during winter months when it is stored at Grand Haven,
Michigan.  Instrumentation during the fall of 19^3 provided
preliminary data, and studies will be carried on during next spring,
summer and fall.  The meteorologist will keep the Project advised
of the progress of this study.

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                                                              31

Laboratory Activities

        In support of this Project's objectives to o"btain factual
vater quality data for use in comprehensive "basin planning activities,
the Laboratory Branch has been engaged in an intensive analytical
program consisting of biological, microbiological, chemical and
r~-Biochemical analysis of samples collected for these purposes, and
reports incorporating the findingsresuiting from these analyses.
These activities and accomplishments are reported below by the
various sections of the Laboratory Branch.

                       Illinois River Basin

        Biology - Pour seasonal field studies of the Illinois River
System  were completed prior to July 1, 1962, and laboratory analyses
of approximately 915 collections were completed in May, 1963-  Some
of these data were used to report effect of Chicago Metropolitan
Area wastes to the Special Master in the U. S. Supreme Court diversion
hearings.  Tabulations and graphic presentations of the data are
finished and a final report evaluating biological conditions of
the Illinois River System is in progress.

       A study was made to determine the causes of severe algal
problems in the Fox River Chain of Lakes.   About forty phytoplankton
and water chemistry samples were analyzed to better define the
severity of bloom.   The history of the lakes was gleaned from the
file of several agencies and from field inspections.   A report
was completed that discussed the elements of the problem and
outlined immediate and long-term remedial measures.

       A similar study was made at Cedar Lake but only six sets of
samples were analyzed.   Previous work at the lake by the Project
biologist obviated the necessity for a large sampling program.   A
report was prepared that defined the problem and suggested remedial
measures.

       Microbiology -  This activity involved intensive field
samplings collected throughout the basin,  beginning in 196! and
continuing through 1962, with a study of virus prevalence  continuing
through 1963.   Included in this activity were the basic microbiological
investigations of the principal streams in terms of coliform and
fecal strep density, studies of storm water overflow, sewage treatment
plant effluents,  effect of chlorination on treatment plant effluents,
survival of indicator organisms in various environments, and occurrence
of entero-pathogenic bacteria and virus.   Approximately 22,000 analyses
were performed on the samples obtained.

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                                                           •  32

       Special reports were prepared on the findings of the above
studies and have been incorporated in the Project's report to' the
Department of Justice and in the "Chicago and Environs" report to
the Jones Committee.

       The report of microbiological findings to be incorporated
in the Illinois River Basin Comprehensive Plan is in its terminal
stage of completion.

       Chemistry - The primary objective of the Chemistry laboratory
was to determine the physical and chemical quality of waters in this
basin.  This study which included Lake Michigan , the upper and lower
Illinois R}.ver, storm water overflows, tributaries,, industrial wastes,
and sewage, treatment plants consisted of the collection of over •
11,300 samples and over 200,000 analytical tests.  The major tests
are listed as follows;

       Biochemical Oxygen Demand     ABS
       Dissolved Oxygen              Iron
       Chlorides                     Toxic Metals
       Sulfates                      Suspended Solids
       Ammonia Nitrogen              Dissolved Solids
       Organic Nitrogen              Alkalinity
       Nitrate Nitrogen              Organic Contaminants
       Phosphates                       (a) Carbon Chloroform Extracts
       Phenols                          (b)  Carbon Alcohol Extracts

The data programmed on an electronic computer was printed out and
analyzed.  Graphic illustrations and tabulations have been' made.
The final report of findings in the Illinois River Basin is now
under preparation and will be completed in January
       The laboratory was enabled to complete this tremendous volume
of analyses through the acquisition of two Technicon Auto-Analyzers
and the intensive use of other instrumentation on many of the
analytical procedures .

       . Radiochemis try - The study of radiochemical quality of water
in the basin has consisted of direct laboratory analyses and
collection of information from State, local and private records. '
Laboratory analyses, consisting of gross alpha and beta counts of
samples of suspended and dissolved solids, bottom muds, algae and
bottom dwelling organisms, have resulted in a total of 2700 deter-
minations.  Laboratory automation and data processing by computer
techniques has minimized the cost and manpower needs of this activity.
Preliminary results of the findings have already been incorporated

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                                                               33

into the reports to the Department of Justice.  The final report,
for inclusion in the Illinois River Comprehensive Plan, is scheduled
for completion "by January 1964.

                        Lake Michigan Basin

       Biology - Lake sampling began in 1962 and carried through •
to December 1963.  In order to determine the lake areas adversely
affected by wastes, and the general biological condition of the
lake, approximately 2,250 collections were made of three principal
parameters:  the benthic fauna to evaluate localized effects of
pollutants and to determine the progress of eutrophication; net
plankton to assay biological productivity and to measure the standing
crop of photosynthetic materials; and phytoplankton to determine the
species distribution of the standing crop.  Related limnological
measurements such as secchi disc readings, temperature, and pH were
made in the field.

       All of the laboratory examinations for 1962 lake specimens
are complete and about 60$ of the 19^3 examinations are complete.
All of the Lake Michigan data will be ready for tabulation in April
1964.     ..-•    ,

     ---In November and December, 19&3 a wildfowl kill involving an
estimated 10,000 birds occurred on the southeastern shore of Lake
Michigan.  Project biologists devoted many days to a study '<& the
kill, including the dissection of birds, analysis of thei'r organs
arid gut contents.  Early coordination of the investigation by
several federal and state agencies was assumed.

       Bioassays were made of 56 industrial waste samples ;as a "part
of the Calumet area survey.  Tests are continuing but^an -interim
report has been completed and submitted to the Engineering Section.
                                                             - 
-------
       Special investigations were made in July and August,
of an infestation of Lake Michigan littoral waters by filamentous
algae, generally Cladophora.   Project biologists were in contact
with the Chicago South District Filtration Plant where the material
clogged water plants intake screens.

       Microbiology -  A comprehensive survey of the distribution -
of certain bacterial forms in Lake Michigan is being made to
detect the extent of existing pollution and the general organic
enrichment of these waters.  These include the incidence and
distribution of coliform, fecal streptococci, and bacterial flora
capable of growth at 20°C and 35°C.  Generic identification of the
growths at 20°C and 35°C was also undertaken.  Special laboratory
vessels, fitted with oceanographic equipment} were necessary for
this activity.

       Short-term investigations were made on several streams
tributary to Lake Michigan, with greatest emphasis on the network
of streams at the southern tip of the Lake in Illinois and Indiana
where the largest industrial complex in the entire study area is
located.  This activity is completed.  The results will be included
in the Lake Michigan Comprehensive Report.

       A special field laboratory with professional personnel was
provided for a short-term study pf the Menominee River in Michigan
as part of an anti-pollution enforcement action.

       Five beaches and five marinas were studied.  The beaches and
marinas were located in Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan.
The objective was to determine the present water quality in these
areas and to study the effect of the respective recreational usages
of the waters.

       The Microbiology Section has prepared reports of its findings
in the study of Lake Michigan for inclusion in the Project's report
to the Department of Justice and also in the "Chicago and Environs"
report to the Jones Committee.  It has also prepared several reports
for publication as listed elsewhere.  Its report on findings in
Lake Michigan, for the Lake Michigan Comprehensive report is
scheduled for completion by July, 196^.

       Chemistry - The objective was to determine the existing ,
chemical quality of the lake waters and to determine the effects,
of additional pollutional loads on the quality in future years.
Approximately 1200 samples have been collected since the beginning
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                                                               35

of the fiscal year.  Over 5.000 analyses have been completed to date.
The total analyses when completed on all collected samples will
approximate about 25,000 determinations.  The parameters under
study are essentially those listed earlier for the Illinois River .basin.

       The data are processed electronically at the facility in
SEC and will be analyzed and presented in a comprehensive report
to be completed in July 1964.

       A study was made to determine the concentration of phenolics,
oil, and ammonia,  and the pattern of distribution of these pollutants
in the southern basin of Lake Michigan.  This activity has entailed
the collection of ^65 samples and 1^00 analyses to date.

       Tributaries studies were undertaken on the tributaries
discharging into Lake Michigan, to measure the loads of pollution
entering the lake from this source.  Over 900 samples have been
collected to date and 3>9^0 analyses made.  The completion of this
study will entail the collection of approximately 1,600 samples and
33,000 analytical determinations.  In the tributaries program,
special attention was devoted to the Calumet River system, since
this is perhaps the most heavily industrialized area.  This study
included collection of about 700 samples with 16,000 analytical ,
determinations.

       The primary objective of the industrial wastes survey was
to determine the effect and extent of pollution from industrial
outfalls discharging wastes into the tributaries and also, the lake.
This study began in October 1963-  Approximately 130 samples have
been collected to date and 780 chemical determinations performed.
Included in these analyses have been tests for phenols, cyanides,
sulfides, phosphates, D.O. and iron.  The complete study will
approximate around 2,600 chemical determinations.

       A comprehensive study of chemical pollution indicators was
undertaken on five beaches and five marinas located in Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin.  The principal objective of the
study was to determine the chemical quality of the water in respect
to recreational usage and requirements.

       A special pesticide residual testing program was conducted
along the streams discharging from the fruit country in lower
Michigan.'  Three streams were sampled a total of l4 times from
June thru September.  The samples were processed in GLIRBP laboratories
and later sent to Atlanta, Georgia for analysis by gas chromatography.
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                                                               36


       A study of taste and odor problems at six Chicago and vicinity
water intakes was begun FY 64.  The carbon filter is used in this
study to determine the organic contaminants.  Sixty-four samples
have been analyzed to date.

       Radiochemis t ry - Radiochemical levels are being investigated
as a part of the' study of water quality of the lake and its
tributaries, using the same parameters as in the Illinois River.
Some Sr-90 analyses are also being carried out on samples from
tributaries discharging to the lake.   Approximately 17,000
analytical determinations will result from this study.

       A preliminary report of radiochemical findings in Lake
Michigan has been corporated in the Project's report to the
Department of Justice.  The report of findings in Lake Michigan
is scheduled for completion by July 1964, for inclusion in the
Lake Michigan Comprehensive Plan.

       Special sampling of Lake Michigan in the area near the Big
Rock Point Nuclear Reactor was planned for December 1963 and April
of 1964.  The December study was cut short by bad weather.  'The
April study will be of five days duration.  This study will include
sampling for water, plankton, algae, bottom muds and biological
specimens, which will be analyzed for gross alpha and beta activity
and for specific radionuclides when gross activities are high.

       Approximately 100 water samples, 100 plankton samples, 100
bottom muds and over 100 biological specimens will be collected.
Over 1,000 analyses will be made at a laboratory cost of 45 man
days and $4,000.  The report of this study will be included in
the lake Michigan Comprehensive Report.

                         Lake Erie Basin

       Biology - Biological investigations in the Lake Erie area
will be undertaken with four ultimate objectives:

       To evaluate the general biological conditions of the lake;
to define local or zonal effects from tributaries and waste
discharges; to provide the biological information required for
explanation and interpretation of certain chemical, bacterial
and physical data; and to guide the development of water quality
control measures that will promote desirable, and inhibit
undesirable aquatic life.
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                                                               37

       .Samples of benthic animals, attached flora, and phytoplankton
will be collected at stations selected to coincide with stations
where chemical, physical and bacteriological measurements will be
made.

       A minimum program would involve studies of the biological.
parameters as outlined below:

            Parameters          Frequency

            Phytoplankton   "    Bi-weekly in streams
                                A3.1 samples from lake
          .  Benthic fauna       Seasonal
            Attached algae      Seasonal
            Rooted weeds        Seasonal

       The following activities have been begun, completed., or
scheduled for FY 196*4-:                                	

       1.   Biological investigations will be extended to the -
           Detroit and St. Clair Rivers, and Lake St. Clair in
           the spring of 1964.   Also upstream portions of Lake
           Erie tributaries, selected for study by Field. Operations
           will be sampled.

       2.   All navigable portions of major Lake Erie tributaries
           and harbors have  been sampled for bottom fauna and
           attached algae two to three times, and for aquatic
           weeds once.  The  final survey of bottom fauna and
           attached algae in this area is planned for spring 1964.

       3-   Curing the past year biologists were aboard three Lake
           Erie inshore cruises and one extended range cruise
           collecting benthic and plankton samples.   One extended  ,
           range cruise is scheduled for the spring of 1964.

       4.   Bi-weekly plankton sampling of 31 stations-in-~l4 -Lake
           Erie tributaries  has begun and will continue for at
           least one year,

       5.   Laboratory personnel have begun processing benthic
           samples and this  will continue for the reirainder of
           the year.   Plankton samples are being counted by
           biologists in the Chicago laboratory.
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                                                               38

       6.  One preliminary report has been prepared on the first
           tributary sampling trip.

       7-  A literature survey of reports, papers, etc. pertinent
           to aquatic biology in Lake Erie will begin in January
           1964.

       Approximately 130 stations in 15 river and 15 harbor areas
have been sampled twice each.  In addition approximately 250
benthic samples and 250 plankton tows have been collected from the
lake.

       Microbiology - The following parameters are being studied by
Field Station Microbiologist in FY 1964:

       Coliform determinations, Coliform differentiations, Fecal
Streptococcus, Total Plate Count, and special studies, which include
Pathogen detection and Survival studies.  Approximately 1500 samples
have been analyzed for bacteriological parameters.

       Chemistry ~ The chemistry laboratory program consists of the
analysis of the following parameters, distributed between Cleveland
and Chicago in accordance with established laboratory capabilities
as follows:

       Cleveland - pH, alkalinity, specific conductance, dissolved
       oxygen, chloride, BOD, COD, dissolved and suspended solids,
       cyanide, phenols, and turbidity.

       Chicago - composited samples of gross minerals  (Ka, K, Ca,
       Mg, Si, SOjL, F), carbon, chloroform extracts, ABS, nitrogen,
       phosphate, oil, heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ft>).  About
       12,000 analyses have already been made on approximately
       1700 samples.

       Because of the large backlog of preserved samples in Chicago,
it is estimated that much of the chemical data will not be available
for several months after collection.

       Radiochemistry - The investigation of Lake Erie will follow
essentially the same pattern as that of Lake Michigan.  Sample
collection started in April 1963 and continued throughout FY 6k.
Samples were collected for Radiochemistry at the same time and
location as those collected for chemical, physical, biological and
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                                                               39

microbiological studies.  Water samples,, plankton, algae samples
and bottom sediment samples were collected and analyzed for gross
alpha and beta activities, and selected samples were analyzed for
Strontium-90.  All analyses are being conducted at the Chicago
laboratory.

       Three hundred and thirty analyses were completed by the end
of FY 1963 and 2,000 analyses will be completed by the end of FY '6k.

       Special sampling of Lake Erie in the area near the Fermi
Reactor will be conducted in May 1964.  The study will be similar
in scope and cost to the Big Rock Point study.  The report of this
study will be included in the Lake Erie Comprehensive Report.

              Headquarters laboratory Cooperative Activities

       Since June 19^3, 272 samples received and 3000 analytical
determinations were performed for the Detroit-Lake Erie Enforcement
Project.

       A regular program of carbon filter studies is being conducted
for the International Joint Commission.  This program includes
infra-red characterization of carbon chloroform .extracts.  To date
450 determinations have been made on kB samples received.

       The Laboratory Branch is providing support services to the
Indianapolis recreational water quality study,

Engineering Analyses and Plan Formulation

       Principal activities included under this section are detailed
as follows:

       Hydrology - Appraisal of adequacy of ground and surface
water sources to supply present and future demands;, low-flow
frequency- analyses to determine design drouth conditions-..for
relating stream flow to water quality objectives; estimation of
flow regulation for water quality control; and water balance studies.

       Land Use - Analysis of present and future land use. practices
as related to water quality; determination of pollutional charac.ter-
istics of surface runoff from urban and rural areas.

       Water Demands and Waste Return Flows - Evaluation of factors
for association with economic projections to determine future water
demands and waste flows.
-------
      Water Quality Goals - Development of water quality guides
for selected categories of use;  determination of desirable
beneficial uses for stream or lake sectors; and establishment of
water quality goals  to accommodate uses.

       Stream and Lake Quality Analyses -  Determination of the
waste assimilation capacity of principal streams and significant
tributaries by means of mathematical formulation or models;
evaluation' of effects of present and future waste loads on lakes
and streams; identification of present and potential problem
areas; and estimation of flow regulation or other control measures
required to achieve water quality goals.

       Water.Quality Control Measures - The analysis and development
of measures to improve or preserve water quality and the establishment
of a timetable for accomplishment.

                      Illinois River Basin
       Hydrology work is about 90% complete and over-all completion
is expected by 2/1/6^,  Low-flow frequency analyses were performed
for several stream gaging stations on the main stem and at least
one station in each of 10 subbasins.  Water resource studies and
report drafts are completed.  Curves showing stream temperatures
throughout the year were  prepared for representative locations
in the basin.  Also prepared were flow-velocity.and depth-velocity
curves for use in conjunction with stream quality analyses.

       A draft of Appendix IX, Water Quality Related to Land Use
and Agricultural Water Needs,, has been completed.  Land use
practices that harm water quality have been determined and are
discussed along with recommended improvement measures.  Present
and projected land uses are tabulated for each of the l6 subbasins.
Present and projected water uses for irrigation,,  domestic supply
and stock watering have been determined and are tabulated for
each subbaein.  The quality of runoff and the adverse effects of
significant impurities have been determined and are presented.

       Determination of water demands and waste return flows is
essentially completed.  Water use factors were derived from a
study of records of 15 selected communities, each of which were
contacted to obtain operational data for a ten-year period.
Waste return flow factors for the same communities were derived
from 10 years of operational data for the sewage treatment
facilities.  Factors for the ten-year period, together with  other
-------
                                                              41
indicator trends, were used to develop factors for estimating
future water demands and vaste flows.  A draft of Appendix V,
Correlation of Water Use and Waste Factors,is completed.

       The Technical Committee, assisted by Project staff, has
about completed its task in developing water quality goals for - ...
the basin.  Each of the Work Groups determined quality guides
for assigned categories of use, irrespective of location.  It  ,
is believed substantial agreement and acceptance have been obtained
for proposed water uses and related water quality goals.  Uncompleted
work consists of preparation of the draft of a Chapter and an
Appendix, both titled:  "Water Quality Goals," for the basin report.
The drafts are expected to be ready for review by 2/1/64-,

       Stream quality analyses are being conducted for the. Upper
Illinois River System, the Gal-Sag Channel System, the Lower Illinois
River and 10 principal tributary streams.  Extensive studies and.
analyses have been undertaken on the Upper River for which
mathematical formulation includes effects of combined sewer overflow
loads and bottom sludge deposits.  Numerical solutions for dissolved
oxygen- and flow regulation are calculated by electronic computer.
Similar but less involved analyses have been completed for the Fox
and Sangamon Rivers.  For the remaining tributary streams, analyses
have been made at significant waste discharge locations to determine
stream deficiencies and flow regulation requirements.  The results
of stream quality analyses will be summarized in Chapter 10, Impact
of Waste Loads on Streams.  The analyses and the Chapter draft
are expected to be completed by 2/15/64.

                       Lake Michigan Basin

       The water balance studies for. Lakes Michigan and Huron are
essentially completed.  Other studies are expected to start in,-...
February, 1964.  It is estimated Hydrology activities will be ,75$
completed by 6/30/64.

       A draft of the Appendix on Land Use has been completed.
Included in the draft is a review of soil types and a map of the
basin showing major soil groups.  Types of farming are depicted ,
on a map on which the basin is subdivided into 9 -,sub-areas.  Land
use practices and their effects on water quality, .together with
recommended improvement measures, are detailed in the draft.

       Efforts to determine water demands and waste return f3.ows
will commence in February 1964.  Completion is expected by 6/30/64.
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                                                                42
It is expected approximately 10 selected communities will be contacted
to obtain operational data from vater and sewerage systems.   -Tnforma-
tion developed for the Illinois River Basin will be utilized in
evaluating water use and waste return flow factors'.

       Development of water quality goals will require employment
of procedures similar to those followed for the Illinois River
Basin.  Much of the background data, literature review and Project
staff reports on hand should be useful.  Work groups require re-
organizing for equitable representation.  Assuming commencement of
activities in February 1964, work should be about 60$ complete  as
of 6/30/64.

       Stream -quality analyses will be conducted on approximately
18 principal tributaries to the Lake.  Extensive analyses are
contemplated for the Fox, Grand, Kalamazoo and St. Joseph Rivers.
Limited analyses are expected to suffice on the balance of the
principal tributaries to evaluate stream deficiencies and flow
regulation requirements.  Work is expected to start about 2/15/64
and progress to about 60% completion by 6/30/64.

       Lake quality analyses will be designed to determine local
and lake-wide effects of pollutants on water quality.  Estimates
of long' term trends and critical 'concentration levels will'be made.
Work is expected to start about 4/1/64 and progress to about 50$
completion by 6/30/641                                  :  •   -

       No work is expected on water quality control measures prior
to 6/30/64.                                             •   •-.' •

                          Lake Erie Basin

       The engineering analysis section is responsible for the
evaluation' of the data generated by the Project as well .a^s
evaluating    'the historical data.  This activity has been recently
started.  Accomplishments are limited to defining the problems and
setting forth the methods used to solve these problems.

       The evaluation will include the determination of needs for
further studies, preparation of detailed study plans to obtain
specific information, formulation of mathematical models of both •
tributaries and Lake Erie, and coordination of activities for the
preparation of reports.

       The initial activities will be involved with determining
the adequacy of existing data and the design of detailed s±udy
plans to complete the data.
-------
       This activity will continue for the duration of the Project.
The additional responsibility of report preparation will be assigned
to this section at the conclusion of field activities.

Flow Regulation Studies

       Reports to construction agencies on the needs and value,, if
any/ of municipal and industrial water supply and/or water quality
storage in proposed reservoirs are made by the Cooperative Studies
Section, Planning and Reports Branch of the Project Headquarters,
are now in progress.  Studies have been made, for areas of Region V
outside of the GLIRB Projects study area and for areas of Region II
that are included within the GLIRB Project Study area.  Two of our
current projects in this program are comprehensive water resources
studies covering a full river basin.  In each of these two basin.
studies, the Grand in Michigan and the Genesee in New York and
Pennsylvania, the Corps of Engineers has established a Coordinating
Committee consisting of  representatives of all interested Federal
Agencies and the state or states in which the basin lies.  The
principal states involved have formed their own Coordinating Committees
to aid in the coordination and development of the plan for the
water resources.  Although there will be direct cooperation between
state and federal agencies having similar responsibilities, the
state Coordinating Committee will be represented on the Federal,
Coordinating Coizanittee by its one representative.  Public hearings
have been used to make the public aware of the scope of the study
with coordinating epramittees at the- state and federal level and to
enlist the aid and cooperation of municipal and local agencies, so
that the program will be responsive to the desires and needs of
local interests.

       In FY 196^, Flow Regulation Studies represent 2^ rnari years
of work, or less than 2% of the overall project effort in terms
of manpower.                   .                              ,

                  Little Miami River Basin, Ohio

       Preliminary Water Resources Studies were reported for
proposed reservoirs on the East Fork of the Little Miami River
Basin and Caesar -Creek.  These two reports were approved for
release on December k, 1963-  The Little Miami River drains ,an. -  ;
area of 1700 square miles.  It flows into the Ohio River at.the
eastern suburbs of Cincinnati.
-------
                 Whiteoak Creek Basin, Ohio

       It is anticipated this report on a Water Resources Study will
be cleared for release in FY 1964.  Whiteoak Creek drains an area of
234 square miles.  It flows into the Ohio River about...thirty miles
southeast of Cincinnati.

                       Hocking River, Ohio

       This study pertains to the Logan Reservoir on Clear Creek.
If manpower requirements are filled, it is anticipated that this
study will be completed in FY 1964.  The Hocking River drains an
area of 1200 square miles.  It flows into the Ohio River in south-
eastern Ohio.

                        Tonawanda Creek, New York

       Region II negotiated this reservoir study with the Corps of
Engineers 'since the study area is within their Region.  It is
anticipated that this study will be completed in FY 1964.
Tonawanda Creek drains an area, of over 360 square miles before it
becomes a portion of the New York State Barge Canal.  Tonawanda
Creek drains to the Niagara River, during periods of high flow.
Low flows are used to augment the flow in the targe canal.

                          Buffalo Creek, New York

       .Region II negotiated this reservoir study with the Corps
of Engineers since the study area lies within their Region.  If
manpower requirements are filled, it is anticipated this study
will be completed in FY 1964.  Buffalo Creek drains an area of
over 145 square miles before it flows into Buffalo River and hence
to Buffalo harbor at the head of the Niagara River.

                     . Grand River Basin, Michigan

       This is a Comprehensive Water Resources Planning Study.
This study initiated by the Corps of Engineers in the latter part
of FY 1963 is anticipated to extend over a four to five year period.

       Coordinating Committeeshave been formed to insure that adequate
consideration will be given to present and anticipated future water
needs in the basin.  The Grand River Basin drains almost 6,000
square miles before it flows into Lake Michigan at Grand Haven.
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                                                              45


                     Gene see River Basin, New York  and -Pennsylvania

       This is a Comprehensive Water'"-Res durc'es  Ftudy.  This  study
initiated by the Corps of Engineers  in FY 1963,  is  expected  to
extend f''thro^gh'FT .1965'.  The State of New York1  has ' taken an  active
interest in 'ihis'basin study and is  financing the economic study.,-'
The 'majo'r portion ''of ''fhe 2,5^0 square mile drainage, a'rea is  within
New York State.  Th:e Genesee" River flows 'into Lake  Ontario at    . •
Rochester,, New York.

Studies By Other Agencies

                         Fish and Wildlife
                                 >
       A report on fish and wildlife of the Illinois River Basin
has been completed by the Bureau of  Sport Fisheries and  Wildlife,
Department of the Interior.  This was'"financed  by a transfer of •
Project funds".  The report contains  a history of fish  and wildlife,
describes current extent of management programs, and states  how
poor water quality has damaged the resource.  Areas are  detailed'
where suitable habitat for desirable species exist  if  provided' with
water of better quality, and suggestions for management  improvement
are discussed.             '                               .

       A similar report is being developed for  the  Lake  Michigan
study ;are'a..  Most of the field work  is completed.   This  has  involved
a search? of the literature and the' files 'of the•appropriate  State
and Fede'r_al agencies, inspection" of  the- streams and wildlife areas,
and "interviews with local''" sportsmen  and'commercial  fishermen.   While
preparation of the Lake Michigan -report is in progress,  the  Bureau
of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife investigators are beginning  their
preliminary work oh Lakes Erie and Huron.

       Close .cooperation is maintained' between  the  Fish  and  Wildlife
biologists and" the Project biologist who serves as  liaison.  Monthly
progress reports are received and frequent conferences are held to
assure maximum efficiency in reporting, and to  apprise the investigators
of water quality conditions in each  section of  the  study areas.

                            Recreation

       A study of water-oriented recreation in  the  Illinois  River
Basin was completed by the Bureau'of Outdoor Recreation  of the  U-.  S.
Department of the Interior.  Items covered included recreation
resources and'their use, recreation  needs, problems related-to
recreation development and summary of findings  as to water pollution
and water recreation.  A similar study has been started  for  Lake
Michigan in FY 1964.
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                                                             U6

Bibliography

                    Project Reports Published

     A series of special reports on the Illinois Riyer System
was published for the Justice. Department in FT 1963 but riot
listed in a bibliography in the previous Annual Program Review.
The series consisted of five reports listed below:

          Title and Date                      Report Number

Water Quality Conditions (U Vols.)(l-63)      --'- IRB-l.. .„. .  ,

Special Report On Water Quality Goals For
   Upper Illinois River System (3-63)            IRB-2

Recommended Measures For Improving
   Water Qualities (1-63)                        IRB-3"

Effects On Water Quality Of Recommended                         •
   Improvement Measures (1-63)                   IRB-U

Stream Flows Required For Water Quality
   Control (3-63)                               IRB-5

     A series of special reports on Lake Michigan Studies was
published for the Justice Department starting in FY 1963 and
ending in June 1963.  These reports were discussed but not all
listed in the previous Annual Program Review.   The series con-
sis.ted of. 12 reports listed below:

          Title and Date                      Report Number

Trends In Water Quality - Southern Basin
    (U-63)                       '                 LM-1

Sampling Surveys  (U-63)                          LM-2

Physical And Chemical Investigations  (U-63)     ' LM-3 "

Biological Investigations  (U-63)                 LM-U

Microbiological Investigations  (U-63)            LM^5>

Radiochemical Investigations  (U-63)              LM-6
-------
                                                              U7

          Title and 'Date                       Report Number

Introduction To Lake Current Studies  (lj-63)      LM-?

Lake Temperatures  (U-63)                          LM-8  *

Lake Currents At A Single  Station  (U-63 )          LM-9

Drogue Surveys Of Lake  Currents Near         r     '      '   .
   Chicago  (5-63)                                 LM-10

Currents .At Fixed ^Stations Near Chicago (5-63)   LM-11

Currents In The Southern Basin  (6-63)             LM-12

     Other special reports were published for  various purposes
and are listed below:

          Title and Date                 '     '       ".''"..

Infectious , Hepatitis In Peoria, Illinois
  ..From .1957 -to 1961 (3-'63),        .Y,.  ...

Lake Erie Watershed Study  Plan  (3-63)          '   !    '''*'"

Fox Chain-0-Lakes , Illinois, Algal Problem (8-6J)      .  . ,. '  c."-'
     • '•••'    • •        -  -                  ••      • '    \   •(.''•
Memorandum Report - Water  Discharged To Milwaukee Harbor (6-63)
Statement On Water, Quality  Conditions  - Chicago and Environs, '.',
   Jones Committee' (8-63)

Special Report On Water .Quality  In  Green Bay,  Wisconsin (12-63)

Fox Chain Of Lakes Algal Problem, G. Cook,  October", 1963, to
   Congressman Robert McClory   ,   ,,     • .  ..,,,,    .••.,..  ••
  ,••••';*   f   ." .  •     .      .-        '•'••";    - ,-'.-  •  i  ,""3^-.. ,
Report On Sanitation And Algal Problems,  Cedar Lake, , Indiana, '_
   G. Cook, December, 1963,  submitted  to Congressman Ray
   St . Madden                       , •                 .......

U.S. Public Health Service  Report To The Subcommittee Oh, Water..
Pollution Of The Upper Mississippi  River Conservation Committee,
   Peoria, Illinois, by Grover Cook, January,  196U
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                                                             U8

                    Papers and Presentations

"A Comprehensive Water Quality Study," prepared and given by
J. Verber for a. ¥. Poston, September 26,. 1961, The Illinois .  ,
Garden Club, Monticello, Illinois.

"The Proposed Study of Currents in Lake Michigan," J. Verber,
January 18, 1962, Coordinating Committee on Oceanography,
Washington, D.C.

"Biological Investigations on the Illinois River," by G. Cook,,,
February 2, 1962, PHS, WS&PC Research Advisory Committee, Chicago,
Illinois.     ....

"A Description..of GLIRBP Organization, Activities, and Objectives
with Emphasis on Biological Investigation," by G. Cook, March  1,
1962 Seminar,-Illinois Normal University, Bloomington, Illinois,
and March 2, 1962 Seminar, Central Michigan University, Mt. , Pleasant,
Michigan.

"Studies of Currents in Lake Michigan and Related Activities," by
J. Verber, April 10, 1962, 5th Conferenpe on Great Lakes Research,
Toronto, Canada.                        •   .    -      •

"Some Scientific Aspects of a Physical,Oceanographic Survey of.
Lake Michigan," by J. S. Farlow III, May 18, 1962, University  of
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois*                           __,,-;•    „ ,

"Proposed -Biological Investigations  in  Lake Michigan," by. G. .Cook,
June 5, 1962, Conference on Lake Michigan Fisheries, Chicago,
Illinois.                      .                          ;i ,. ...  ,

"Studies of Currents in Lake Michigan," by J. Verber, August 11,
1962, XV Conference of Limnology, Madison, Wisconsin*   ,.  r^.v  ,

"Automatip Dissolved Oxygen Titration Apparatus," by W. D.:
Johnson, B. L. Lurie and S. Megregian, .August ,£3, 1962, Journal
of Water Pollution Control Federation.

"Electronic Instrumentation for, the  .Great Lakes,Water Quality  Study,"
by J. Verber, October 10,  1962, National Electronics Conference,
Chicago, Illinois.
 "Brief-Description of GLIRBP Biological Activities,"  by G.
 November 7,  1962.,. Fish, and,Wildlife Biologists, Abbott Laboratories,
 North Chicago,  Illinois.                      ,...-,.
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                                                              h9

 "The Biological Condition of the Illinois River; a Preliminary
 Report," by G. Cook, January 15, 1963, Illinois Department of
 Conservation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Outdoor
 Recreation, and PHS, Peoria, Illinois.
 "Investigative Techniques in Water Pollution Surveys," by SY '
 Megregian, April 18, 1963, Illinois Public Health Association,
• Chicago', Illinois'.

 "Lake Michigan. Current Studies," prepared by J. Verber for Mr.
'W.rQ. Kehr,'May lU, 1963, ASCE Water Resources Engineering'   -'•'  :
 Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

 "Comb'.ined Sewer Overflows," by C, Pemberton, Jr.> May lh>'-1.9631
 ASCE'Water Resources Engineering'Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

 "Radioactivity Levels in Lake Michigan: A Preliminary Report" by
 C. Risley,-June 13,'1963, 26th Annual Meeting of American Society
 Limnology and Oceanography' (ASLO) and 6th Conference on Great
 Lakes Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan*.                      •  :

 "Radioactivity'Levels in Lake Michigan," by C. Risley> September*
 10, 15*63, American 'Chemical Society-National Meeting, New York>  NvY.

 "Chemical Characteristics of Lake Michigan, A Preliminary Report,"
 by Stephen' Megregian; Frederic Fuller; and Clifford Risley,      : -:
 September iOy 1963* American Chemical Society National Meeting/  -
 New York, N.Y.

 "Microbiological Survey of Lake Michigan: The Distribution of-
 Bacterial Densities," L. E. Scarce, September 9, 1963, American
 Chemical Society.                                          :    .'

 "The Distribution of Benthic Fauna and Phytoplankton in Lake'
 Michigan: A Preliminary Report," G. Cook, September, 1963,
 American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, New York City,  '

 "Currents in Lake-Michigan," by  J. Verber, September, 1963,  "
 American Chemical Society Meeting, at New York City-, Ndw  York.   "•' '

 "Isolations of Enterovirus from Sewage-and River Water in''a  -"•'- ;'
 Metropolitan Area," -by Chin, Lamb, and Scarce, November•" Ui.y
 American Public Health Association.      » '   .','     . 'r,   •-/"•;-r:  :

 "Fresh Water: Temperature of Maximum Density Calculated from
 Compressibility," by H. Eklund, was published in Science, Iit2,
      (1963).
-------
"The Use of Fixed Systems For  Current Measurements in Lake  •  .
Michigan," by Jo Verber,, October 29,  1963, National Electronics
Conference^ tlhicago'/" Illinois.               i-1.-  ••.        lV •

"Scientific Research and Water Quality Management," 'byy'H* W,
Poston, We Q. Kehr, and C. Re  Ownbey, American Society of
Limnology ''and 'Gc'eahography'and 'the Sixth Great, -Lakes Research  .•
Conference, June 1$,, 19&3i at  th'e University df Michigan, • Ann Arbor,
Michigan.                          - v  '        .    •

"The' Biology of Polluted 'Lakes 'and -Streams," -G. Cook, November,
l

"U.S". Public ''Health Service'  Report to the Subcommittee on. Water
Pollution of the" Upper "Mississippi Conservation 6 owmit tee,"  ,"  ,-,;
G. Cook, January, 19^3, Winona,- Minnesota.." "                      :
        .Health Cons idsratione 'in Water 'Supply Reservoir' Manage- :
m'ent'/"1'1 G. Cook\T Febiniary,  1963, 'Illinois Section American Water
Works Association, Reservoir Managers Meeting, Bloomington, Illinois.

"Algae ari&' Weeds 'in  Surface' Wate'j? ^'Supplies," Gf. C'opkj. December,
      Southern Illinois Waterworks Meeting, Carbondale, Illinois.
"Biological Aberrations in Lake Michigan," G. Cook, December,
1963, Chicago iQ dune il on Adult Education, Chicago. ..  •••   ' .  • -,-•• •;
          ; '  •:          ' ' '            '"     .            I •_     '     '- .
"Wind and Current Relationships in Southern Lake Midbigan," by •
James L. Verber  and  George C0 Williams, December 27, 1963, The
American Meteoro'ld'gida'l Society Meeting 'at Cleveland, Ohio. ,    ,
               '.           ' '  '   *        "     „           •    • •
"Some Unmanned Wea'ther Buoy 'arid- Current Meter Mdofing Systems," -.
by John S. Far low and Paul Farris Smith, December 27, 1963,
The American Association -.'for the Advancement of Science Meeting
at Cleveland. Chic,  s;"          •         "          •     •

"Lake Erie Water Quality1' Studies)" by 'H. W.; Poston and ..C. W.  i( :
Nbrthin'gtonp  June, 1-963, Ohio Wa-tfef Pollution Control -  • -     - •
Conference,  Toledo,,  Ohio.      •''"•"' '          '•••',-.
       , r
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                                                                 51

Significant  Progress Toward Pollution Abatement

       The Great Lakes-Illinois  River Basins  Project  in its  three years
of existence has been  recognized by governmental,  scientific and local
groups for significant contributions toward pollution abatement, even
though its principal mission, the development of water quality manage-
ment planij for the basins has not.yet been accomplished.   In the para-
graphs "below are. described  some,. ofv the more significant achievements
attributable to the presence of  the Project In the Great Lakes:area.
    '.•'.'.      -   .                            "     '•••-,- y.. '
           Recognition in the Chicago Diversion  Controversy    .     ,

    -.*:. "The first-^nd aost important, of these  has been its work for the. . ,
U. S^ Department of Justice, wherein,it presented  factual data,,,and rec-
onmendations;.concerning the diversion of Lake Michigan waters by Chicago,
and testimony?before the Supreme Court relative  to its findings in .this
case.  These findings  have  been  received with substantial interest by
all parties  to this case.   The magnitude of this effort has  beeri:docu-
mented by admission as evidence  of  17 separate volumes of findings and
recommendations resulting from the  Project's  studies.   The importance of
the Service's contribution  was officially  recognized  by the  Solicitor
General of the United  States in  a communication  to the Surgeon General,
from which:is quoted as follows  —  "Only by such cooperation was it
possible to-,  present in these proceedings substantial  results of the
Great Lakesrlllinpis River  Basins Project,  results which  I am confident
will be extensively relied  upon  by  the Special Master and the Supreme
Court in the ultimate  disposition of this  litigation."

          •»; Breakthroughs  in Unique Oceanographic Studies

       The Project has been .conducting the  largest and most  comprehensive
Study of current measurements.. ever  undertaken in a major  body of water.
In this study/ it is us.ing  techniques  and methods  never before applied on
sucH^a-massive scale,  even  |ri the study; bf ocean currents.   As a result,
many .agencies of the Government, including the Department of the Navy,
the National. Oceanographic  Data  Center, the U. S.'  Lake Survey i  the   .. ;
Weather Bureau --- and-.pthers, have maintained close  liaison .with  the
Project,  Findings to  date  have"shown the  influence of prevailing  wind
on water movement, clockwise and counterclockwis^  currents "in Lake-,
Michigan, the variability of the theraocline,  large internal waves,  and
rotary currents.   This study will result in invaluable information which
can be applied to the water quality management program of the Great
Lakes y:-particularly in-f the  location of water  intake points and waste out-
falls,, and in predicting the effect  of waste  discharges on water quality at
various locations, resulting from,the  physical forces that influence water
movement,                         '                                ^
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                       Cited by City of Chicago

       The Mayor of Chicago, Richard J,; Daley, in.-a statement before the
Natural Resources and Power Subcommittee, :U. .&. House of Representatives,
(Jones Committee), holding hearings in Chicago, on September 6, recognized
the contributions of the U. S. Public. Health Service and particularly the
Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project in the. following statement:
"Chicago has received much technical aid from the United States Public
Health Service in the study of sources ,of lake pollution.  At present
the United States Public Health Service - Great Lakes-Illinois River
Basins1 Project is carrying on extensive studies to obtain basic infewaa-
tion regarding lake currents and how they cause the drift of pollution in
the lake, «nd regarding the long range effects on lake water quality
caused by continued -'discharge of wastes.   The results of these studies
will be very helpful to the various agencies in this area in planning their
future aetions for the control of pollution in. the southern end of lake
Michigan." ~ -       -..-.-.

            Pioneering in Development of Water Quality Goals

       One ef the important "firsts" initiated by the Project for its
water quality management programs in the technique, for the development of
water quality goals in the basins under study.  In the first attempt of
this kind, the Project sponsored, guided and supported through its Teehni-
*al Cenmitt»e, an extensive review, by interested water users of the
Illinois River Basin, of the water quality factors influencing water uses
in this basin.  Committee activities resulted first, in the development
of water quality guides, in which each water quality parameter was assessed
with respect to the particular water use under consideration, and limits
setj second, in the study of present usee and anticipated future uses of  *
the water of the basin; and third, the development of water quality, goals
for the bavin, taking into consideration these uses.  These deltboiMxtiooff
have resulted in the achievement of a series of water quality guides,
agreed to by all water use-rs with respect to the.,critical parameters
listed, by which the. water quality management plan can be focused in time
and space to the attainment of the needed water quality to acconotodvte the
most critical of the water uses expected.                         :
                                                      J'              •,
                         Other Accomplishments

       As a result of evidence presented in testimony by the Project,
The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Great Chicago has intensified its
activities toward elimination of direct discharges of untreated industrial
wastes to the Upper Illinois Waterway.  As a first step, it is bringing.
direct pressure on those industries, now discharging to the canal, to con-
nect to available sewers.  Where sewerage facilities are not yet available,
it is has stepped up its program of extending trunk lines to provide con-
nections to those industries not now served.  Where sewerage is not
-------
                                                                51b

available, treatment facilities are being required.  The Project had
reported in its testimony that the Upper Waterway was receiving 22,000
pounds per day of BOD from directly discharged industrial wastes.

       The Sanitary District has also corrected a malfunctioning storm
relief sewer which was shown to be discharging 32,000 pounds per day of
untreated sewage BOD into the Waterway.  It has stepped up its monitoring
activities by means of a new laboratory equipped vessel to patrol the
Waterway for purposes of detecting illicit discharges and malfunctions.
This has resulted in a noticeable reduction in visible pollution, espe-
cially in the downtown Chicago portion of the Waterway.

       The .Sanitary District has shown a keen interest in its storm
water problem. , It has presented testimony before Congress, in support
of studies of this problem, with a direct request of 3 million dollars
for study in the Chicago area..  One of the proposed study plans would
be the impoundment of stormwaters in upstream areas, for later release
to the stream.    "            *

       It has also made application to the PHS for $600,000 in support
of a new research facility to study problems related to further treat-
ment and reduction of waste, loads into the Waterway.  -.-'-"
-------
         •                 -•,'"                •        52

      One industry  (Hills-McCanna) has informed the Project
 that,,.as a  result  of  its visit to this plant, the company
,ha;s proceeded with steps to connect to the city sewerage
 system.   _                                                .

      in the Lockport-Joliet area, several industries have
 taken steps to  review their waste problems,  either through
 hiring of consultants or by inplant improvements.

      In the downstream Illinois River area,  and as the result
 of Project  investigations, four major industries at Pekin, 111.
 (Quaker Oats, Standard Brands, Corn Products and American        ;
 fiistillefs) have undertaken inplant studies  toward reduction ;,
 of their waste  loads  and are  studying the feasibility of con-
 necting with the city of Pekin or of providing collective
 treatment of their wastes.  The daily waste  loads from these
 plants were determined by survey to tptal about 1±0,000 pounds
"of 5-day BOD.        '   ,    ;   -    ,'      .  '

      At Peoria, major effort  is being expended to connect all
 industrial  wastes  to  the city system.  Already two companies
 have  connected  and one large  waste source (Hiram Walker) has
 initiated plans for connection to the city which should bear
 fruit in about  2 years. Daily waste loads of about 16,000
 pounds of 5-day BOD would be  eliminated.

      In Milwaukee, Wis., the  Project has provided technical
 assistance  and  manpower to the Milwaukee Health Department in
 a study of  the  pollution of lake front beaches*  The purpose of
 this  study  was  to  develop monitoring techniques whereby the
 Health r>epartment  could minimize the closing of beaches affected
 by pollution.  The Project provided two part-time personnel for
 two summers, additional laboratory supplies in the form of
 membrane filters and  radiotagged chemicals,  and loaned laboratory
 equipment for this study.  The Health Department will provide
 the Project with a report of  its studies.

      The Southeast Wisconsin  Planning Commission has asked the
 Project for technical assistance in  its study and development
 of water  resources for this area of  the state.  The expected
 assistance  will be in the form of laboratory support and
 technical advice for  this Project,

      At the Jones  Committee hearings in Chicago, the Chief
 Sanitary  Engineer  of  Indiana  stated  that his state  is awaiting
-------
                                                             53

the results of GLIRBP surveys and its recommendations to help
guide['further action to update water pollution control measures
in the Calumet area of Indiana.

     Public awareness of pollution problems .coupled with
publicity resulting from the Project's activities have brought
to the Project's attention many incidents directly attributable
to pollution or suspected of being pollution-related.  Fish
kills in Lake Michiganj the nuisances resulting from algae
washed-ashore on beaches; a wildfowl kill resulting in the death
of about 10,000 fish-eating birdsj taste and odor problems
affecting municipal water supplies; and nuisances resulting
from• industrial discharges are some of the problems which-the,
Proj'ect has investigated.             ,..    •         <..:.••;•'•

Departure from 196U Plans   •                     .        .,

     The following factors have necessitated some readjustment,
in the Project's plans for FT 6U, and have influenced plans,for
FY 65. "1.  Extended requirements of the Dept..of Justice-*
relative to the Chicago Diversion Hearings.  2.  Inability to-
complete contract negotiations for boat services for the;
Oceanography program*,  3.  Reduction in anticipated funds.  U«
Recruitment problems„  5«  Incidental diversions from Project
schedules.  6.  Availability of Detroit-Lake Erie Project for
GLIRBP programs. •                        •

     1<>  The Project has been most grateful and proud of its
involvement in the Chicago Lake Water Diversion hearings, and
has placed this above all other program commitments in/priority
and effort.  Its accomplishments are well known and appreciation
for the effort expended has been liberally acknowledged.  How-
ever, 'the impact of this effort on Project programs has beerufelt
by all activities and schedules, and has resulted in many .re-
adjustments.              '                 ••-.•:-      ••.....

     1/Jhen originally scheduled, it was anticipated that Project
participation would be essentially completed by spring of 1962,
In actual fact, Project involvement was  extended through' ithe
summer of 1963S and reached a olimax with the appearance of. the
Project Director and two staff members to giye testimony.  The
intensive preparations required for this effort necessitated
the full time of the Project Director, key members of the
Project staff, and a large portion of staff time, in support
services.  This has resulted in reappraisal of the scope of the
-------
activities programmed for Lake Michigan, a delay in organization
and implgroentaition ,of ,the Lake Iprie study and rescheduling  of
the Iiyiio^'^ve^.Reportor'  Although thj^.type of diversion-in  ' •••-
the Project's future schedules is hot exp'"ec4ie.d to recury:'itsrv'
effects will continue to be felt on future'programs.'   '         '

     2p,-  :The oceanographic study of Lake Michigan was'seri'ddsly
handicapped in the...spring and summer of 1963 .by failure to  >'"-;\ '>'•''
negotiate .a contract-for.boat services for tills activity.   Severe
curtailment in the installation and retrieval of current metering
stations has resulted in a three month lag in this program*  The ; '
Project has; therefore adjusted its plans to reduce the time period
for the Lake Michigan, study in, order.that it can return to  schedule
for the.remaining lakes 0  How could this delay in contract       ' :
negotiations have been avoided?  It is felt that ample time was  '•"•'
available when the contract negotiations  were initiated, in
February 1963? with an anticipated award date in April0  Delays,
resulting in failure to complete the award, were in hands ot&jgi" ." '.''•:
than Project personnelo

     3,^  The working'budget requested for FT 6U was 2*3 million.
The resulting budget of 2«17 million, coupled with increased
ccst of personnel due to pay increases, has resulted  in some
curtailment of FT 6U plans, particularly with respect to the
scope of..the .activities, planned*.  The two principal areas
curtailed hay;e been -the number, of current meter stations dccupi-ied '•
in Lake Michigan,, and a delay in development of staff for "the '~° :rn;
Lake Erie Study,,  In the first case, the current meter stations '' '
were reduced from 60 to UOP because funds were not available  to
procure the additional meters.  In the second case, the time  table
for the Lake Erie study has been extended particularly with
respect to field activities, from the end of FY 6U into the second
quarter FY. 65.                                   :              "

     Lu,.,-Recruit:iieh;v problems continue to plague the' Project  in
two specific areas^ first, unavailability of experienced'person- '.-•
nel, particularly engineers, for key'positions at field station
and headquarters; second, lack of trained scientific  manpower,
particularly mierobiologists.  In the latter instance, other
personnel!-are, being  trained to carry  out routine functions  under
sup&rvision .of -senior scientists, but this can result in work of
lesser-quality due to the lack of the judgment value  inherent in'-^
professional trainingc   The lack of experienced manpower has
resulted in-the doubling up of responsibility  of key personnel on
duty, resulting dr. less  attention to the principal responsibility
of these, indjLyi'                                         "' " "
-------
     £<>  Incidental diversions from scheduled Project activities
can ba considered a normal function of all projects working in
areas of deep public interest„  This project is no exception.  It
has been called upon for special reports of many kinds, and is
most anxious to comply wherever and whenever its competencies and
interests apply.   In many instances these result in gains for
the project and the Water Pollution Control program of the Public
Health Service in terms of public awareness of the work going on
and the benefits to be derived therefrom,,  These diversions how-
ever have a price^ which in many instances is paid by the
individuals detaiiod, in terms of extra and uncompensated time,
since there is little or no provision in the Project's schedule
for time spent in these areas„  Examples of diversions
experienced at GLIRBP in the past year are:

     The Report to the Jones Committee entitled, "Water
     Quality Conditions - Chicago and Environs"

     Report on the Chain 0!Lakes region, Fox River, Illinois

     Report on Cedar Lake, Indiana

     The Bird Kill in Lake Michigan

     Fish Kill incidents in Lake Michigan

     Algae nuisance incidents

     Menominoe River enforcement study

     Popcorn slag investigation

     Report on Walter QuaL'.by Conditions in Green Bay

     Numerous papers and presentations before technical
     and lay group."

     6r,  The availability of the Detroit-Lake Erie Project
personnel and facilities for work in the Lake Erie Study area
and for the Lake Huron study has provided GLIRBP with an
opportunity to return to its initial schedulesc  Therefore,
this departure from program schedules submitted last year is
in the nature of a major benefitt  It will enable the Lake Erie
Study to proce3d at full speed during its period of critical need
for manpower, without reduction in scope of work planned for
-------
that basin»  It will enable GLIRBP to carry out studies in both
Lake Huron and Lake Ontario simultaneously, by eliminating much
of ,,-jbhe;lead time necessary to equip and staff a field station
  ''       ' ''
-------
      • •   -    ;   -  PLANS AND SCHEDULES, FY 65


Introduction  .

     In- anticipation of a working budget of 2.5 M with 183
positions, .the FY 65 general plan of work for the Great Lakes-
Illinois River Basins Project is as follows:

     In the Illinois River Basin, detailed plans are being made
pending implementation efforts of the Comprehensive Plan for
this basin.  Initiation of surveillance activities for upgrading
the plan and to provide the Basic Data Branch with changes as
they occur, will begin in FY 65.

     In the Lake Michigan Basin, completion of the first draft of
the Report for this basin is scheduled for December 1961;.  All
field activities will have been terminated by the beginning of FY
65, except for tributary studies related to Corps of Engineers
needs,, and surveillance.

     In the: Lake Erie Basin, the full scale study of water quality
of ,the Lake- will be in progress.  Field sampling activities will
be completed by December 1961;.  The Lake Erie Field Station will
be assisted by personnel from Detroit in the studies of the
western portion of this basin.  Lake Current studies will begin
in spring of 1961; and continue for one year.

    , .In the Lake Huron Basin, study will begin in the fall of
      using the facilities and residual personnel, augmented as
necessary, of the existing Detroit-Lake Erie Project.  With the
exception.of possible suboffices in the Bay City and Sault Ste.
Marie areas, the study will operate out of the Grosse lie
office.  The intensive field activities of this study will
begin in spring 1965 and continue for one year.  The lake cur-
rents study will begin in the spring of 1965.  Appended to this
program review is the study plan proposed for the Lake Huron
basin.

     ,1® the,Lake Ontario Basin, efforts to procure space "and
facilities for this study will be initiated early in 1961; and a
small staff, about 5 positions, will be established to prepare
the space-and facilities, develop operating plans and make
ad-vance contacts,.  Full scale field activities will be initiated
in spring of 1965 and continue for one year.  It is anticipated
-------
that manpower released from the  Lake Erie study will be available
for this study*  The lake  current study in Ontario will begin in
spring of; 1961|? concurrently with the Lake Erie study y> and con-
tinue ¥or one year.  Concurrent  s'tudy of these two lakes-, appears
feasible, because  of their relatively small size and proximity to
each other o  Also^ savings in  n&w instrumentation will result,
since the' number p.? metsr^ available from the Lake Michigan study
can be used' to "ins trume.it  both1 lakes >'"'       •       •' •

     Detailed plans for' accomplishing the objectives in FY 1?65>  :
are described below n               -           '          •  '

Basic fiata  Collection              ;.-

 1         "           • Laka Michigan Basin        '       "    • '•  . •
           : i                   •                                 ,
     The water supply and  K nicipal and industrial wastes
inventories fp\-> Lsko Michigan  will be essentially completed
prior to •"(..& beginning  of 'this ?Y^  Index ceding on USGS'
quadrangle  maps-' and other  wor> related td the data storage and
retrieval systsjn  in the  Laic? Mfcliigari Basin Is' expected' 'to- be
completed ty 9/l/6.Mc>   A miniiav.^ prog* vim or surveillance
iniHii&'tsd'tb p'-foTido  up-to-dabe ;d.ata for the Basic 'Data Branch.
'The laboratory data fjroiu the 1963 lake sarpling program will be
processed by ccmput^r ,'IG dr.f.:cribed eai.-lier for FY 196U.

                •;''-"     ;  Lake Erie Basin  "'•        •     '    •

      The -m  aid-pal water supply and "waste inventories have bee£':-
essentially e triple :£d for the b'asini.  Intensive 'effort will be '
giveri to complete \,he industrial waste inventory, which has  '
lagge.d  behind prim&rily due to the reluctance of the- State of   '
Ohio' 'in releasing' available data&  Headquarters' 'will cont'iriue  " -'•
to give' close '{yuyi-orli to ths I!'ield Station on technical problem^
of data prouetajr.go

                          Lake 'Haron Basin

   '-""'"•TH^'prdgra^'^or Lake Huron will' be initiated early in' -this '
fiscal  year,, in accordance with the'' enclosed Lake Huron Study   :
             "
      Inventories of municipal and industrial waste  sources will
coiiimence on or about 9/1/6)4. and progress to about 60^  completion
by 6/30/65,,
-------
                                                              59


      Inventories of municipal water supplies,  industrial ,process
 water-.supplies  and other -water uses will start on or abotit 9/1/6U
 and progress to about 60$ completion by 6/30/65.

      Index-coding will be performed on about 150 USGS quadrangle
 maps.  Over 1,500 individual codings will be required of which
 about 600 will  be for communities.   Table 2 is a list of special
 mapa in order of priority.  Work is expected to start about 1/1/65
"and be completed by 6/30/65.

      Personnel  of the Lake Huron Field Station will be instructed
 in the data processing methods used by the Project.  Data
 generated by the lab-boat activity on Lake Huron will be handled
 directly by headquarters data processing staff.

                        Lake Ontario Basin

      The Lake Ontario work schedule has not yet been established,
•;but basic data  collection is expected to begin about July 196U«

      As the Field Station is being organized and staffed, head-
 quarters will provide technical assistance in setting_up data.
 processing procedures in the Field Station, similar to those in
 use for Lakes Michigan and Erie.
  o
 Economic Studies

    •  In. the Lake Erie Watershed^ economic and population studies
 by Project staff will be carried £hrough to" completion of
 projections for each subregion and preparation of drafts of
 appropriate report sections.  Detailed studies will;be. started in
 the Lake Huron  and Lake Ontario Basins, and continued into Flf 1966.
 The scope and depth of such studies will be. as described in
 previous program reviews and as outlined in the LAKE HURON WATER-
 SHED GENERAL STUDY PLAN which accompanies this report.  The time
 table for completion of the economics section of the final up-
 dated Lake Michigan basin report is contingent upon a decision
 as to contracting for a broad-based economic study, as= discussed
 below.

      The Economics Section, Technical Services Branch, Washington,
 has recommended reconsideration of an Economic Base Study to be
 made by an outside contractor such as the National Planning
 Association, Arthur D. Little Company, or Battelle Institute.
 The question of required scope and depth of economic base studies
-------
      ...           .•.  ,-   >>'      ••'  .    •  n    •>   ,.•,..
 in,' support of future projection?, .has, been the. subject  of, .periodic.
 discussion and correspondence  over, the past two,,, and, a  haif yearis*
 Project effort in this aspect  of the program has been  geared to
 procedures, that evolved from those discussions,.  .Thf scope, of this
 effort has been substantially  as described inian.outiinje..jfor tfre.
 Illinois River .Basin report, which was. submitted for ^yieWj in,, the
: spring of 1962.  The Project's consultant. qn 1r.elg4-onai,.,p3tanning and
 economics, Professor Fred Clarenbach of 'the ^University 'of .Wisconsin,
 has  reviewed and approved the  work as appropriate  to and sufficient
 f, or. its -purpose. • Nevertheless., the.jProject staff .is ..planning to
 proceed with implementation of , the, recommendations. , from, .head-
 qua^rters, recognizing  the importance of. being. sure, thai thM-.y^tal
 area is not slighted-.  Although an accurate ,, estimate, of .the.tim.e,
 required for a contractor to make a broad-based economic study
 has  not been obtained, it seems clear that some adjustment would
 be required in time tables for final reports of some major sub-
 basins.  Our present thinking  is as fpllqws:  >l) if such a, study
 is .made, it should be. confined to the Great -. Lakes,  Basin incluid^ng
 the  Chicago area but excluding the remainder of the Illinois River
 Basin;  2) the Illinois River  Basin ,an,d Lake .Michigan  reports
 should be .completed and published in ;,a,. tentative .form  without -,<.,,.
 awaiting the results of the, ..study, the Project, Is, ..economic  base.." ,
 data would be used for projections j, .,3) .ttoe , final . report for the .
 Lake Erie Basin should be deferred as necessary to incorporate
 the  results of the study; and   U) the results would -^ -avail^b^/
 in time to be included in reports for the remaining basins,'    """'
 Ontario, ijuronj and Superiqr, ^,,assun$ng-.an early decisjpn,..
 availability, of funds, and.. Wc early, s tart j . $)  in- Fyjl9o% ,- the -i;r<
 Illinois River, and Lake.;Michigan repoEtp. wpuld  .be  up4at,aid'aii}d,; ,Tf
 any necessary revisions _,made..... to incorD'ora^,..n,ew .da^a,.,b|'ae.^.,o,n .',-/',.
 the economic, ,Jja^ej study*    ^   ...    -,.c /-. ,.',.'„    ,.,. -:',^".^  '. Vs "•'.•'.••
                 -..  ,-      .   .
 Field Operations   ..    . •  . ,,. ,.

      .   •  ,  '  .    •      f.,Lake
    ,-J- . j p, j -,-t% ;• _      -. ." _,: ',_•,  ,,   -.},  •-  ; .•,, ;,-,.,  •,  -.'.•    •}•••'     'I;
  ,., ...,, The- field .operations .program .will,, consist" of. intensive  ' .  ..
 sampling, with hydraulic  measurements support, of the tributary*
 harbor and  inshore,  extended range studies  of  the Lake, and
. spepial... studies as  described; under,,lT 6lj, activities. $nd •
 accomplishments ...        .-         .,  :''-.-.-'•..••-,••'  ..••.',        .4
       • . j,- • '    ' --••*'. -       '          ""• •  '  - .'j -,-.  ' :  - .';• .  i ;»>'
     ^.— Jj:   -    .-Lakes Huron.. and  Ontari9..Basinsi  .,;.;.,-   tu..-;-;i,  -3-*,,

      The  major activities of FY 1965 will be staffing and equip-
-------
                               TABLE  2a
            SPECIAL  QUADRANGLE MAPS OF LAKE HURON BASIN*
                         STATE OF MICHIGAN
15-Minute
Alma
Merrill
St. Charles
Saginaw
Perrinton
Elsa
Chesaning
Burt
Flint
La ingsburg
Corunna
Durand
Holly
Mason
Fowlerville
Lowell
Milford
Rives Junction
Stockbridge
South Lyon
Ypsilanti
Saline
Jackson
Spring Arbor
Blissfield
Dundee
Vermillion
Brimley
Sault Sainte Marie
Lake George
Sheldrake
Eckerman
Big Rapids
Woodville
Mt. Pleasant
Shepherd
Sanford
Bay City
Grace
Cross Village
Pellston
Mullet Lake
Bayshore
Petoskey
Wolverine
Tower
Onaway
Gaylord
Hetherton
Atlanta
Hillman
Mancelona
Alba
Otsego
Lewiston
Comins
Kalkaska
Fletcher
Grayling
Glennie
Harrisville
East Tawas
Tawas City
Houghton
Harrison
Marion
Reed City
Evart
Lake
Clare
Strongs
Portions of Counties showing no quadrangle map area:
Luce
Mackinac
Presque Isle
Charlevoix
Alpena
Crawford
Ros common
Ogemaw
Arenac
Mecosta
Clare
Gladwin
Os coda
Alcona
Midland
Isabella
                              Huron (Entire
                                     County)
*Maps needed on or before
-------
-------
                              TABLE 2b

            SPECIAL  QUADRANGLE  MAPS OF LAKE HURON BASIN*
                          STATE  OF MICHIGAN
_Tgr-Minute
Worth Adams
Hillsdale
Allen
Kinderhook
California
Camden
Reading
Frontier
Yale
Capac
Brc^kway
Hadley
Met amor a
Thornville
Almont
Allenton
Memphis
Goodell
Smiths Creek
Port Huron
St. Clair
" 'at tie Run
Adair
Armada
Romeo
T_e±e Orion
Oxford
Ortonville
Marine City
Nevr Baltimore
New Haven
Waldenburg
Utica
Rochester
Pontiac Worth
'Jlarkston
Milford
Highland
Walled Lake
Pontiac South
Birmingham
Warren
Mt . Clemens W.
Mt. Clemens E.
Rudyard
Moran WW
St. Clair Flats
Algonac
Salem
Northville
Redford
Royal Oak
Highland Pk.
Grosse Pointe
Dent on
Wayne
Inkster
Dearborn
Detroit
Belle Isle
Ypsilanti
Telleville
Detroit Wayne Airport
Wyandotte
Rockwood
Flat Rock
Carleton
Maybe e
Estral Beach
Stony Point
Monroe
Ida
Samaria
Erie
Otsego Lake
Turtle Lake
Johannesburg
Lawiston
Portions of Counties showing no quadrangle
Mont calm
Tuscola
Sanilac
Hillsdale
Lenawee
Lapeer
Big Bradford Sault St. Marie
Lake South
K.P. Lake Barbeau
Lovells Pickford NW
Comstock Hills Pickford
Black Creek Baie De Wasai
Lake Margrethe Payment
Grayling Oak Ridge
Munussong Fibre
Munussong WE Moran WE
Wake ley
Cote Dame
Marie
Fletcher
Perecheney
Ros common N.
Vermilion
Vermilion SE
Sheephead Lake
Shelldrake
Whitefish Pt.
Timberlost
Emerson
Big Beaver
Creek
Piatt Lake
Hulbert
Eckerman
Strongs
McNearney Lake
Pendills Lake
Sullivan Creek
Dollar
Settlement
Paco
Kinross
Brimley
Shallows
Lafter
maps area :



*Maps needed on or before
-------
                                                              61

          "v '•'•*     f
ping the,Lake. Ontario Field Station, establishing a sub-office
on Lake Huron -for operation of sampling vessel equipped with
laboratory, and providing technical assistance and advice to
personnel at field stations.

     Transfer .of personnel and equipment to Lake Ontario Field
Station will be started by the Uth Quarter, FY 6U.  It is planned
to operate a sampling vessel in Lake Ontario during September-
November, and preserved samples will be shipped to the headquarters
laboratory.  Full scale field operations will be started in the
spring of 1965, using techniques developed and tested in Lakes
Michigan and Erie.  One lab boat will be assigned full time to
Lake Ontario.

     It will be necessary to establish a sub-office on Lake
Huron as a home port for lake sampling operations about February
196$.  One lab boat will be assigned full time to Lake Huron, afi'd
full scale field operations will be started in the spring of 1965,
with sampling under the direction of the Lake Huron .Field Station
at Detroit.  The Field Station will consist of personnel, equip-
ment and space which now comprises the Detroit-Lake Erie Project,
augmented as required to conduct the field work for the Lake Huron
basin study.

     Key personnel remaining at Project headquarters will spend
considerable time at the Field Stations rendering technical
assistanceo

Lake Current Studies             .     „  ,

     Lakes; Erie, and .Ontario'W^ill be-instrumented beginning, in the
Uth Quarter, FY 611, using, operational-techniques similar ,to" those
used in Lake Michigan,,  Instrument shops will be located in the.
Cleveland area and a't a suitable port on Lake Ontario.  The •
processing and computer.techniques for data analysis are expected
to be the same as used for Lake Michigan**  The proposed locations
of current meter stations are shown on Figures U' and 5, and the
work schedule is shown on Figure 6.

Laboratory Activities

                          Lake Erie Basin     ,  .'."  .'.

     Laboratory activities in FY 1965 will be essentially*'a  '
continuation of the programs initiated in FY 196lu
-------
          	 ,          ;       "                    ;           62

      It  is  anticipated that  analyses  of preserved samples  in
Chicago  will be  accelerated  and  lag time  reduced.  Since
sampling is scheduled to  terminate in December,  the remainder
of FT 1965  will  be used in processing the backlog of chemical
samples.

      The Microbiology Section will continue its  FY 196U activities
until the end  of sampling in December. At this  time, plans are
to accelerate  special studies, e.g. survival and enteric pathogens,
and  to begin work on reports.

      The Biology Section  plans to continue sampling upstream areas
of Lake  Erie harbors and  tributaries  in addition to, the St. Glair
River and Lake St
-------
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r~ -;DCAT i Alice a n i IMO;Q
                                                  BASINS  PROJECT
                                      LAKE  ERE  AND  LAKE ONTARIO
                                     US DEPT. OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, 8 WELFARE
                                              PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
                                     REGION V              CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

                                                             FIGURE 6 '
-------
                                                              63

vessel assigned to Lake Huron.

                       take Ontario  Basin

     Acquisition  of laboratory space and modification  to provide
field station laboratory facilities  will begin  in 'the  l$h Quarter1
of FT 196U.  Laboratory services,,  as developed  for  the Lake  Erie
Field Station^ wil1 be available by  spring  of 1965.  The
laboratory program in Lake Ontario will be  patterned closely to
that now  existing in Lake Erie, with chemistry, biology,  and
microbiology the principal activities0  Also, some provision will
be made for early laboratory support (possibly  3 chemists) for
the 'Genesee River Cooperative Study. As in other field'station
operations,, laboratory activities  will be limited to those tests
requiring immediate attention.  Preserved samples will be analyzed
in Chicago,  However, extended range sampling will  precede the
other laboratory  programs, beginning in the first quarter FY
.because of the availability of a laboratory vessel for this
purpose,  and because the lake currents program  will begin to place
metering  stations in the lake at that time*

          Headquarters Laboratory Cooperative Activities

     In addition  to lab support for  field operations in  Lake Erie,
Huron, and Ontario, the headquarters laboratory provides or  will
provide support to other programs  in Region V0  Included.are:
Recreation Water  Quality Study - Indianapolis,  tipper 'Mississippi
 (Twin"Cities) Enforcement Project^' I.-J-.C.'-" Detroit, S.E-.^ifisconsln
Water Quality Study  (support to local agency),  Genesee River
Cooperative Study-, and Surveillance  operations, Illinois' River
and Lake  Michigan.

Engineering Analyses and. Plan Formulation'

                      Lake Michigan  Basin
                                •-6s
     Activities  expected to be'in progress  and hot  completed a'S'
 of, 7/1/6U  include hydrology, water  quality  goals-, stream and lake
 quality analyses, and water quality control'measures.;-c\Thds!e;.   "•'
 activities,  including
-------
                                                              6k

 In  the  analysis  of  stream flow  and assimilation program,  the
 initial phase will  be to  determine the  adequacy of existing
 published data and  the  design of  sampling  programs to fill
 existing  gaps in the data.   This  study  will 'include the  ' * '"'•-'
 calculation  of critical drought flows as well as the formula-
 tion of oxygen sag  curves for the major tributaries.

  '  :  the  initial phase  of the analysis  of  lake data'will  be- the
 tafculatio'ri.of historical  data pertaining to water quality? the - '
 design  of sampling  programs  to  fill  gaps in existing dataj  the  .
 continuation of  existing  lake study  programs; and the obtaining.1"
 of  'data 'necessary to produce mathematical  models -of Lake "Erie; ' ;
 This Study will  also include the  formulation and calculation  of
 various'mathematical .models  of  Lake  Erie.  ''                ' '

                          Lake Huron  Basin

     ;¥atei* balance  studies will have been  completed in conjunction
 with Lake Michigan  studies.   Other hydrology work is expected to
•commence  about ll/l/6ii  and progress  to  about 60$ completion by
 6/30/6$." '

      Work on land use and related water quality is expected to
 start about  1/1/65  and  be completed  by  6/30/65•

      Analyses of water  demands  and waste return flows are
•estimated to start  about  11/1/6U  and be completed by 5/1/65*

     •Efforts on  water quality-goals  are expected to'start about
 1/1/65  and progress'to  about175$  completion by 6/30/65.

      Stream  quality,analyses will be Conducted for approximately
 10 principal tributaries. Extensive analyses are planned for the
 Saginaw River,  and  may  be indicated  also for the St. Marys and "*'
 Cheboygan Rivers, depending  upon  results of findings from field
 surveys.   The balance of  the streams'!will  be .given limited "
 analyses  in  sufficient  detail to  evaluate  stream deficiencies
 and flow regulation requirements. Arialyses will commence about
 1/1/65  and be  about 60$ complete  as  of  6/30/65.

      Work on lake quality analyses~and  water quality"'control
 measures  is  not" expected to  start prior to" 6/30/65.'  ;  '   '
-------
                       Lake Ontario Basin

     The Lake Ontario time schedule has not yet been established
but can be expected to follow the general pattern of activities
described for Lake Huron.

Flow Regulation Studies

     In FY 1965 Flow Regulation Studies will represent about Uf-
man-years of work, or less than 3% of the overall Project effort
in terms of manpower.  Individual studies planned at this time
are listed below.

     Grand River Basin, Michigan - This study is scheduled to
continue through FY 1966 and possibly FY 1967.  Stream sampling
and analysis of data will continue through FY 1965.

     Genesee River Basin, New York and Pennsylvania - This study
is scheduled to continue through FY 1965 with stream sampling and
analysis of data.

     Saint Joseph River Basin, Michigan and Indiana - The Corps
of Engineers, has held a Public Hearing on this basin.  A full
comprehensive water resources planning study has been scheduled,
but due to lack of funds, the scope has been reduced to a study
of individual projects.  Based on the public concern over the
water quality in this river at the public hearing, it is
anticipated that a complete water quality study may be required,

     Fox River, Wisconsin - A comprehensive study had been scheduled
for FY 19614 by the Corps of Engineers, but it had to be cancelled
due to lack of funds..  Individual projects could be authorized in
FY 1965.

     Sandusky River, Ohio - The Corps of Engineers has a project
planned which could require a PHS study.
-------
                                                                66

                          PLANS - FY. ' 66

        ,., (As Submitted to Headquarters - 11/20/63)
Introduction

       Establishment of the Great Lakes-Illinois River''Basins- Project
in 1961 launched the largest of the Comprehensive water quality manage-
ment programs undertaken by the Public.Health Service.  The heed  for
protection of this vast water resource, was recognized by Congress in
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act '(PL 660 - 8Hh Congress),  '
which authorized this important program and spelled out, in Section
Mf)> specific requirements that studies with respect to the  quality
of these waters include an analysis-of present and projected  future
water quality under varying,conditions of waste treatment  and dis-
posal, an evaluation of the water quality needs of those to be served,
an-evaluation of municipal, industrial, and vessel waste treatment and
disposal practices,, and'a"-study-of-alternate means of. solving water
pollution problems (including additional waste treatment measures),
with respect to such waters.

       An importarrt'j activity of the P.roject since its iope'ption has
been i'fcs studies of water quality of the; Chicago drainage  system  and
adjacent Lake Michigan waters, to provide the Department of "JustjLce with
factual information, and." .judgment for its use in .litigation, between the
Lake States and Illinois, concerning the diversion of water at Chicago.
In this regard the Prpject has. already provided expert testimony,  'and a
total of seventeen special reports, including reports on the  present
water,.quality of the Chicago drainage  system and.the Illinois River,
water quality of adjacent, waters, of Lake Michigan?) fecpbaaeodations of
corrective measures needed..to reduce'.existing pollution/;and  studies of
Lake Michigan currents. Each of these  reports 'have been'entered in.
evidence by the Department of Justice.
     j                      ''         • ,,.'{-,'              i
       With respect to'comprehensive w,ater-.qualityr-manag;emettt- activities,
the Project has completed t*he study of the Illinois River  Basin'and is
engaged in the preparation of the comprehensive plan.  It  will complete
all field activities associated with the study of Lais Michigan,  except
oceanography by spring of 196^, with oceanography to be  completed by
July.  The comprehensive plan for Lake Michigan will be  completed by
December 1964.  Field activities have  been initiated in  Lake  Erie and
are scheduled for completion by fall of 196^1-, with the plan to be avail-
able by December  1965-  Study plans for Lakes Huron, Ontario, and
Superior are now being developed.  Present scheduling calls for initiating
field activities in Lake Huron in the  summer of 196^-;  in  Lake Ontario
by spring of 1965;  in Lake Superior by spring of 1966.
-------
                                                                 67

       The scope of these activities will be patterned after the studies
now in progress in Lake Michigan;  namely, economic and demographic
studies, studies of water use and waste disposal practices, the present
water quality of the lakes and tributary waters, studies of lake
currents, the corrective measures necessary to preserve water quality
for legitimate uses, and a water quality management plan for maintenance
.of adequate water quality for future uses, and any special studies
peculiar to the lake "basin under study.
Comprehensive Program

GLIRBP -

  1964         1965          1966         . 1967          1968         1969
Pos. Ant.    Pos. Ant.     Fos._ Amt.     Pos. Anrfc._     Pos. Amt.    Fos. Amt

200 2,780,000 216 3,000,000 165 2,300,000 86 1,200,000  43 600,000  36 500,0
  1964            196$          1966            Change	
Pos. Amt.       Pos. Amt.     Pos. Amt.

2002,780,000   2163,000,0001652,300,000    -51     -700,000
Long-Range Goal

       To provide programs for the management of water quality in the
Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins through studies of water resources,
water use and waste disposal practices, and economic and demographic
factors.  To provide such programs for each of the basins and to
provide surveillance for updating these programs as progress is made in
the implementation and operation of these programs.

       The need for this program has been expressed by many interests,
including the Great Lakes Commission, the larger cities, and various
conservation groups.  The Department of Justice and the Special Master
appointed by the Supreme Court for the diversion litigation have special
interests.  A most recent statement by the Chief Sanitary Engineer of
Indiana before the Jones Committee hearings in Chicago indicated that
his State is awaiting the Lake Michigan report to provide him with the
information needed to update water pollution control activities in that
portion of Indiana.

       Authority - PL 660-84, Section 2(a) and Section Mf).
-------
                                                               68

Program for Achieving Long-Range Goal

       Oar long-range goal for the management of water quality of the
Great Lakes and Illinois River Basins is to provide a practical,
workable program which spells out:

       a.  The causes of water pollution and its effects on the quali-
ty of the water resources and on 'beneficial water uses.

       b.  The development of agreements on the desired beneficial
water uses and the water quality objectives necessary to accomodate
these uses.

       c.  The development and implementation of pollution control
measures to achieve the desired objectives, including the establishment
of a timetable for their accomplishment.

       d.  Surveillance for updating of the program in order that it
remain capable of accommodating changing technology and changing water
quality needs.

       The six-year program, including the completion of efforts to
determine causes and effects of water pollution in the basins, the
completion of the management plans for these basins and initiation of
methods for implementation of these plans.  The six-year plan will also
provide for initial activities in surveillance and updating of the
programs already under way.  /ureas to be covered will include changes
in requirements for additional waste treatment facilities, changes in
needs for augmentation of stream flow, and review and revision of water
quality requirements based on changes in water uses.


Relation of JFY1966 Program to Long-Range Goal

       By FY 1966 Project activities will have progressed through to
the completion of management programs for the Illinois River and Lake
Michigan Basins.  The Lake Erie Basin report should be in its first
draft stage.  Active field studies will be in progress, in Lakes- Huron
and Ontario, and the first phases of the Lake Superior Study will be
initiated.  All major capital expenditures will have been completed-
except for field station development for the Lake Superior Study.
-------
                   ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT                 9 ,

Project Schedule

       Figure 7 and 8 present graphically the general Project Sched-
ule for the remainder of the GLIRBP Study Program and a PERT diagram
of the Lake Erie Field Station Program, respectively.  The general
Project Schedule does not include surveillance programs for the "basins.
These programs, although minimal in scope, will be expected to continue
throughout the life of GLIRBP and should be continued, following ex-
piration of GLIRBP, by regional laboratory programs or other support.

Organization Charts

       The enclosed organization charts Figures 9 and 10, represent
the current line relationships for Project Headquarters and for Lake
Erie Field Station, without significant change from previous submittals.
The functions of these positions are described in subsequent paragraphs.

Functional Statements

       The Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project has the responsi-
bility for development of comprehensive programs for the improvement of
water quality in the Great Lakes and Illinois River Basins, taking into
consideration the conservation and use of these waters for public water
supply; propagation of aquatic and wildlife, recreation, agriculture,
industry, and other legitimate uses.  Activities involved in carrying
out these responsibilities are the operation of extensive laboratories
involving scientists of various disciplines such as chemistry, biology,
microbiology, and radiochemistry; conducting studies of'mass water move-
ments using complex oceanographic techniques; conducting'hydrologic
studies of water resources; conducting economic and demographic studies
needed to determine projections of future growth and related water uses;
operation of extensive field sampling and measurement activities in sup-
port of project studies; conducting numerous special studies such as
waste loads from combined sewer overflows, survival of fecal bacteria
under various conditions; negotiating contracts for technical studies;
reviewing, correlating and coordinating the data from all Project activ-
ities and preparing numerous technical reports in fulfillment of the
Project's responsibilities.

                     Project Director's Office

       This office provides overall direction in the conception, de-
velopment and planning of the broad framework of the 'GLIRBP'-Comprehen-
sive'water quality studies.  It directs the activities of the Project,
making major decisions and recommendations involving engineering'/" adminis-
tration and scientific aspects of the Project's"work. 'It exercises line
authority in directing the overall activities of the Project's personnel.
-------
                                                              70
•*
ii-
It coordinates and directs the activities of the Branches of the
Project including the Field Stations.  It receives consultation through
various consultant groups., including its Technical Committees.  It
represents the Project in meetings with federal, State, and local
government officials, members of industry, and lay groups and others
having'common interests in water quality management.

                      Administrative Services

       Provides personnel management and advice to all Project and
field  station personnel.  This includes evaluation of qualifications,
implementation of department regulations, working with Civil Service
Commission certificates, and related personnel functions.

       Provides financial management assistance to key Project person-
nel.  Maintains commitment registers showing unobligated funds for each
major  organizational activity.  Develops working budgets for each major
organizational component or field station within the Project.

       Provides procurement services for supplies and equipment in-
cluding the issuance, evaluation, and award of requests for quotations
and formal invitations for bid.

       Maintains property accounting system for all field, office, and
laboratory equipment in 'the Project and its Field Stations.

       Initiates the acquisition and development of new raw space in
the establishment of Field Stations.  This includes the procurement
and installation of all facilities necessary to convert raw space to
working Project facilities.'

                    Planning and Reports Branch

       This Branch is responsible for the synthesis of all elements of
Project work into a plan for the guidance of water quality management
programs, and for preparation, editing, and publication of Project
reports.  Elements of work performed directly within the Branch in-
clude the collection of basic data on water uses, waterboard wastes,
and historical water quality, engineering and economic analyses in-
cluding projections of future conditions, the development of water
quality goals to accommodate present and anticipated water uses,
determination of the need for and value of storage for municipal and
industrial water supply and flow regulation for water quality control
on major streams and tributaries and at specific reservoir sites re-
q^-jsted by the Corps of Engineers, and evaluation of alternative
measures for attaining water quality goals.  The Branch'negotiates
reimbursable -agreements with other Federal agencies and acts as Project
liaison for special studies and reports by cooperating agencies such
-------
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-------
                                                                71

  as'the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries
  and Wildlife, USDI.  The Branch is divided into four sections: Engineer-
  ing, Economics, Cooperative Studies, and Report Preparation.  The
  functions of each Section are described in greater detail below.

         Engineering Section - This Section performs the detailed engineer-
  ing investigations, studies and analyses required for developing compre-
  hensive water quality management programs.  The Section is composed of
  four operational units„  The principal functions and work activities of
  each unit are presented in subsequent paragraphs.

         The Basic Data Unit

         1)  Obtains data and prepares inventories of municipal sewerage
  facilities, including waste loads to receiving waters;

         2)  Compiles inventories of municipal and industrial water supplies;

         3)  Determines location and extent of other water uses;

         4)  Obtains water quality data of record from other agencies; and

         5)  Performs index-aoding of river systems and lakes for data
  storage and retrieval system.

         The Environmental Analysis Unit   •              •'•.•;';:.'

         1)  Performs stream and lake water quality analyses,, jjtilizing
  mathematical techniques;                              <    .=.-,  ,.<-/--

         2)  Analyzes and develops water use and waste return.flowvfactors;

         3)  Translates economic projections into future water demands and
  waste loads;

         4)  Assists the Technical Committee in developing water quality
  guides and goals;

         5)  Evaluates control measures required to achieve water quality
 'objectives; and

         6)  Conducts benefit and cost studies.

         The Industrial Waste Unit                            .    -

         1)  Obtains and compiles data on amounts and character of indus-
, . trial' wastes;                                       '...'••
-------
                                                               72

       2)  Appraises industrial waste control facilities" and practicesj

       3)  Conducts special industrial waste surveys;

       4)  Determines factors for estimating waste discharge for various
industrial processes; and

       5)  Evaluates effects of industrial wastes on water uses and deter-
mines corrective measures for problem conditions.              •

       The Hydrology Unit

       1)  Appraises adequacy of surface and ground water sources to
supply present and future needs;                           •  ''

       2)  Performs low-flow frequency analyses to determine design flows
for stream quality analyses;

       3)  Analyzes the water balance in lakes and reservoirs; and

       4)  Conducts flow regulation^studies in conduction with stream
quality analyses by others.           \

       Cooperative Studies Section - This Section is responsible for
studies and reports on the needs for and value of storage for municipal
and industrial water supply and/or flow regulation for water quality
control in reservoirs proposed by Federal construction agencies.  This
involves analysis of the factors that influence municipal and industrial
water use and waterbome wastes, translation of population projections
and economic growth into engineering estimates of water uses, the effect
of accompanying waste loads on the receiving streams, the selection of
proper water quality indicators, and recommendations for the establish-
ment of water quality goals.  The value of storage for water supply and
flow regulation in proposed reservoirs is based on alternate costs, ad-
justed for differences in transmission, treatment, time of need, etc.
The views of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare are based
on these reports.

       The inventory of municipal and industrial water supplies and
waste loads as determined for the GLIRBP Study will in most cases, be
utilized.  Where economic.base studies are being made for- the  Corps of
Engineers on sub-basin projects they will be coordinated with the GLIRBP
Study.  Mathematical models and computer programs .developed for the
GLIRBP Study will be utilized by the Cooperative Studies Section where
applicable. '  -  •                  ..         ..••;,-,

       Economics Section - This Section is primarily concerned with the
compilation and analyses of population and selected economic factors
-------
                                                               73

having a bearing upon estimating future municipal and industrial water
requirements and waste flows.  To the extent practicable, study is also
to be made of benefits (primarily intangible) from water quality control
measures.  Assistance will also be provided in the preparation of costs
for implementing such control measures.

       Report Preparation Section_- This Section is mainly responsible
for the report writing, illustration, and publishing activities of the
Project.  This requires: the planning, coordination, and direction of
reporting activities; Trciting, editing, and assisting others in their
reporting responsibilities; illustrating, reproducing  and binding
documents for publication; and, distributing reports, maintaining files,
and keeping records of publication and distribution.  This Section ob-
tains review comments and approvals for publication and release of
documents, from Washington headquarters.  Technical papers and speeches
are written or edited and also cleared .for publication or delivery.  On
occasion, the Section Chief may appear as a Project Representative
before groups and deliver prepared talks and speeches.  Contacts with
television and news media have been maintained and will be developed on
occasion to promote the dissemination of news and information about
the Project activities, particularly when any significant developments
have occurred.

                        Laboratory Branch

       The Laboratory Branch plans and coordinates several areas of
separate scientific study including biological, bacteriological, chemical
and radiochemical disciplines.  The Branch evaluates the results which
have been obtained by known analytical methods and may propose new
techniques or approaches to solve problems under consideration.  The
Branch determines the role of each laboratory Section, exercises adminis-
trative supervision of these Sections and reviews and evaluates reports
of each Section in terms of scientific soundness, accuracy and adequacy ia.
in meeting the objectives of the Project.  The Branch prepares inter-
pretations and reports for the Project Director, other Branch Chiefs,
Field Station Directors, and others.

       Chendstry Section - This Section is responsible for all chemical
and related physical measurements resulting from Project activities.
This includes the analysis of water samples at the Project headquarters
and aboard laboratory vessels operating on the Great Lakes.  The samples
originate from the laboratory vessels, from tributary sampling, from
industrial waste surveys, and samples collected in support of related
studies.  The laboratory reviews the results of the collected data and
prepares narrative reports of physical and chemical''findings for the
use of the Project.
-------
                                                              74

       Biology Section - This Section is responsible for all biological
activities of the Project.  It establishes methods for conducting in-
vestigations and conducts field sampling and investigations of the
Great Lakes and its watershed as well as laboratory analyses of the
samples collected during the field investigations.  The Section also
performs special studies which require devising new techniques for
determining the effects of sewage and industrial wastes upon aquatic
life which normally inhabit the Great Lakes.  The Section prepares
results and interpretations of investigations and discusses these with
other Laboratory Sections, the Laboratory Branch, other Branches of the
Project, and the Project Director.  These reports are made available for
Project use.

       Microbiology S_ection - This Section is responsible for the Micro-
biological Laboratory activities and field investigations.  The Section
performs routine identifications of microorganisms in the'Great Lakes
and their watershed and performs special complex studies requiring new
approaches and techniques.  These special studies involve determination
of unusual microbiological forms, use of microorganisms to measure lake
water movement and to determine water quality.  The Section prepares
reports and recommendations for future studies and for corrective action.
These reports are used to advise the Laboratory Branch, other Branches of
the Project,, and the Project Director in the development of water quality
studies.

       Radiochemiatry Section - This Section is responsible for the radio-
chemical activities of the Project in the Great Lakes and its watershed.
The Section recommends which areas are to be studied and designates the
type of samples to be collected.  All samples are returned to the Lab-
oratory for radiochemical analysis.  The Laboratory also conducts spe-
cial investigations and advises the Laboratory Branch., other Project
Branches, and the Project Director on all aspects of radiological im-
portance to the Project.  Reports of the studies made are prepared and
made available for Project use.

                      Field Operations Branch

       This Branch conducts the field investigations and  research
necessary to collect data which is adequate for use as a basis for
Project recommendations,, and reduces the data to forms suitable for
engineering and scientific analyses.  The Branch Chief plans and coordi-
nates activities of the Sections and reviews reports submitted by the
Sections.

       Field Measurements Section. - The Section is responsible for col-
lecting samples of river and lake water, sediment, sewage and industrial
wastes, and transporting these samples in the proper condition to the
laboratory.  In addition, the Section makes observations  and measurements
-------
                                                              75

of a number of physical phenomena which are important to the meteorologi-
cal and oceanographic phases of the Project studies.  The Section prepares
reports of activities and findings for inclusion in Project documents.

       Hydraulics Section - The Section measures flows of streams, canals,
sewers, outfalls, etc., in the field, and makes related computations of
velocity of flow, time of water travel, average flows, and rainfall-
runoff relationships.  The Section coordinates these studies with Project
activities so that pollution loadings are available when needed.  The Sec-
tion prepares reports of findings for use in preparation of Project
reports.

       QceanograBhsr Section - The Section conducts oceanographic studies
on the Great Lakes to determine mass water movements, and to develop
relationships between lake currents and winds for use in predicting the
fate of pollutants discharged to the lakes.  The Section analyzes and
interprets the results of investigations, and reports on these findings.

       Data Processing Section - The Section plans data processing sys-
tems, develops computer programs necessary for analyzing the data, and
interprets the results of computer analyses.  The Section also provides
for the storage and retrieval of data, so that the data are available
to engineers and scientists for review and analysis.  The Section pre-
pares reports on data handling and results of analyses.

                      Lake Erie Field Station

       The Field Station in Cleveland, Ohio, was opened for the purpose
of conducting a study of the Lake Erie Basin which is one of the six
major basins included in the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basin.  The
functions of this comprehensive program performed by the various branches
and sections of the Field Station are described in the following paragraphs.

       Field_ Station Director's Offiee - This office provides overall
direction in the conception, development and planning of field station
activities within the broad framework laid down by the GLIRB Project
Director.  It directs the activities of the Field Station, making major
decisions and recommendations involving engineering;, administration and
scientific aspects of the Field Station work.  Line authority is exer-
cised in directing overall activities of field station personnel and in
coordinating activities of its branches.  This office receives consulta-
tion through various consultant groups, including the Lake Erie Study       (
Group and the Lake Erie Technical Committee.  It represents the Project
in meeting with Federal, State, and local government officials, members
of industry, lay groups and others having common interest in water qual-
ity management.

       Field^0j^ej?ati.ons Branch - The Branch plans and coordinates field
activities.  It conducts investigations and research necessary for Project
recommendations and puts data into a form suitable for engineering and
-------
                                                              76

scientific analysis.  It reviews reports of all its sections.

       The Field Measurements Section coordinates collection and measure-
ment activities.  It collects water and waste samples, performs related
field measurements and reports findings.

       The Hydrology Section conducts hydrologic studies; coordinating
these studies with other Project activities.  It reports on the results
of its investigations including appropriate interpretation of these
results.

       The Special Studies Section conducts reconnaissance surveys as a
preliminary to larger scale studies in order to determine the feasibility
of the ranges to be sampled, travel times, various routes of travel, etc.
In addition this section programs activities such as: carbon filter studies
storm water overflows, bacteriological studies, sludge studies and sewage ,•
and industrial wastes sampling surveys.

       Laboratory Branch - The Branch plans and coordinates all laboratory
activities.  It reriews 'and evaluates all laboratory results besides
assisting in planning the Field Station study program.

       The Chemistry Section performs the required chemical analyses and
makes the results available for Project use.

       The Microbiology Section performs the required microbiological
analyses and makes the results available for Project use.

       The Biology Section conducts biological sampling of tributaries and
harbors and makes the test results available for Project use.

       Planning and Reports Branch - This Branch plans and coordinates
activities of the various Sections.  It correlates the interpretations
and conclusions of all reports, and plans program for obtaining additional
information.  The Branch is responsible for directing the development of
the final comprehensive Lake Erie Report.

       The Inventory Section collects municipal water and sewage inventory
data, industrial water and waste inventory data and historical basic data.

       The Data Processing Section plans the data processing programs and
developscomputer programs necessary for the Field Station's activities.
It ..interprets the results of computer analyses and reports  .the results.

       The Engineering Section will conduct a comprehensive engineering
analysis using all data collected by the Lake Study.  These analyses in-
clude construction of a mathematical model of Lake Erie and its major
tributaries.  Short range and long range effects of waste loadings will
be determined and water quality management programs formulated.
-------
                                                              77

       The Reports Section in addition to preparing and writing reports,
plans the technical report writing activities of the Field Station.  This
Section will be responsible for the preparation of the final comprehensive
report.
-------
                  DIVTSIOH OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL
                             TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH
                     GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT
                                 (Comprenhensive)
                                 January 1,
    Title
Grade   Series  Pos. No.
            Name
                                                                    Duty Station
OFFICE OF THE PROJECT DIRECTOR
Project Director      SE DIR
Deputy Director       SAN DIR (R)(T)
Public Information Officer GS-12   10 8l
Secretary              GS-6     318
Secretary (Steno)      GS-5     3l8
Clerk-Typist           GS-k     322
ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH
Administrative Officer GS-12
Asst1 Adm. Officer     GS-9
Administrative Aide    GS-6
Personnel Clerk (Typing) GS-5
Secretary (Steno)      GS-5
Procurement Clerk      GS-U
Stock Control Clerk(Typ) GS-U
Storekeeping Clerk     GS-U
Storekeeping Clerk     GS-U
Storekeeping Clerk     GS-3
                          Kehr, W. Q.
                          Megregian, S
                EH-63-161 Vacant  3/
                RO-353    Kristalyn, A
                RO-574    Butgereit,
                             Chicago, Illinois
                     J. E.
                RO-^38    Metker, B.
                BSS-5090
           301  RO-320
           203
           318
          2020
          20^0
          2033  RO-336
          2033  RO-3361A
          2033  RO^Si
RO-J4-65
RO-339
                                               Banish,  C. E.
                                               Thorsteinsson, P.J.E.
                                               Scelsi,  M.
                                               Ahamnos, C. J.
                                               Morgan,  A. F.
                                               Krajicek, L.
                                               Russo, C. M.
                                               Griffin, C. S.
                                               McGeehan, P. G.
                                               Cravens, J. C.
FIELD OPERATIONS BRANCH
Supvry. Sanitary Engineer GS-1^   819  BSS-^337  Pemberton, C. (Actg)
Secretary               GS-5    318  RO-H26    Gose, R.
  Field Measurements Section
Supvry. Sanitary EngineerGS-13  819
Sanitary Engineer        ASE(R)(T)
Sanitary Engineer
General Mechanic
Supvry. Engr. Tech.
Secretary (Steno)
Aquatic Sample Collector
    ASE(R)(T)
    WB-ll
    GS-7    802
    GS-5    318
    WB-U   3501
ESS-3989  Libby, R. W.
          Schieble, W.
          Alessi, C. R.
 B3S-5317  Witt, S. A.   •
 EH-63-120 Sutnmey, Richard D.
 RO-535   Kwiatt, L. C.
 BSS-^2371A  Bo*, A. Jr.
          Degutis, W. J.
          Demske, E. P. B/
     "    Edvards, P. C/~
     "    Harrison, Z. D., Jr.
     "    Kampinnen, T. L. D/
          Kash, A. A.
          O'Connell, E. M., Jr.
     "    Slovick, J  -
     "  --^Winslow, P. P.
          Bald-win, W. F.J.  X/
     "    Maurer, J. J.  X/
     "    Chorowicki, D. W.  X/
          Stockdale, B. E.  X/
                                     II

                                     II
                                     II

                                     II
                                     II
                                     tl
                                     It
-------
                                                                       79
                  DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL
                             TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH
                     GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS  RIVER BASINS PROJECT
                                 (Comprehensive)
                                 January 1,
    Title
Grade   Series   Pos.  No.
                                                     Name
                                          Duty Station
FIELD OPERATIONS BRANCH (Cont'd)
Hydraulics Section
Hydraulic Engr. (Gen.)
Sanitary Engineer
Sanitary Engineer
Hydraulic Engr. Tech.
GS-13 813
GS-12 819
ASE(R)(T)
GS-5 802
BSS-3966
BSS-6724
ESS -6690
   Oceanography Section
Hydrographer            HSO (R)
Hydrographer            HSO(R)(T)
Sanitary Engineer       ASE(R)(T)
Sanitary Engineer       ASE(R)(T)
Hydrographer
Engineering Technican
Secretary (Steno)
Cartographic Draftsman
Hydrographer (Physical)
Hy4rographer (Physical)
   Data Processing Section
GS-12
GS-5
GS-5
GS-^
GS-9
GS-7
1360
802
318
8l6
1360 •
1360
BSS-6668
EH-63-360
RO-480
BSS-lj-llOlA
BSS-5315
ESS -6671
Supvry. Digital Coup. Prcg.
Digital Computer Prog.
Statistical Clerk
Mathematics Technician
Cartographic Draftsman
Statistical Clerk
Statistical Clerk
Statistical Clerk

LABORATORY BRANCH
Director, Laboratories
Secretary (Steno)
Clerk-Typist
Clerk-Typist

   Chemical Laboratory
Supvry. Chemist  (Analytic)
Chemist
Chemist (Analytical)
                        GS-12    331
                        ASE(R)(T)
                        GS-5    1531
                                1512
                                 8l6
                                1531
                                1531
GS-5
GS-5
GS-U
GS-4
GS-U
                                1530
                BSS-4226

                RO-550
                W-k36klA
                BSS-40251A
                RO-4352A
                RO-435
                ROU351A.
                                                  Pemberion,  C.    Chicago,  Illinois
                                                  Tellekson,  M.  W.       "
                                                  Martin, B.  F.     D/
                                                  Callier, J.            "
                                                  Verber,  J.  L.
                                                  Farlo-w,  J.  S.  KCI
                                                  Rasmussen,  J.  H.
                                                  Farmer,  V.  H.
                                                  Vacant,   j?/
                                                  Hutchinson, C. K.
                                                  Bryant,  C.  J.
                                                  Martin, M. J.
                                                  Vacant  5/
                                                  Reilly,  B.  J.
Zink, K. W.
Conger, C'. S.
Johnson, A. T.
Hickey, J. B.
Dennis, J.
Motley, K. L.
Johnson, V.
McDonald, Newman
GS-lU
GS-5
GS-4
GS-4
1320
318
322
322

RO-38U
RO-407
RO-4071A
                         GS-13  1320   BSS-3879
                        SR SAN
                        GS-11   1320
                        GS-9
Chemist
                        AHSO(R)(T)
                        GS-5
                        GS-5
        1320
        1320
               BSS-3876
               BSS-38761A
                   n
               BSS-41211A
               BSS-lj-121
               BSS-lflZUA
                                       BSS-50571A
                                                  Risley, C. (Actg.)
                                                  Gordon, I'.C.
                                                  Dyer, I. C.
                                                  Booker, M. A.
                           Fuller, F. D.
                           Calbert. C. E.
                           Johnson, W. D.
                           Kelley, P. ¥." "
                           Whitworth, R. S.
                           Vacant  2/
                           Doolas, G.
                           Hall, R. H.
                           King, E. T.
                           Hawley, J. E.
                           Meiggs, T. 0.
                           Vacant  2/
                           Putnam, T. B.
-------
                                                                       80
                  DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL
                             TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH
                     GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT
                                 (Comprehensive)
                                 January 1,
   Title
                        Grade
      Series  Pos.  No.
            Name
Duty Station
LABORATORY BRANCH (Cont'd)
   Chemical Laboratory(Cont'd)

Physical Science Tech (Chem) GS-5
   "        "     "     "  . GS-5
Laboratory Helper          GS-3

   Microbiological Laboratory
Supvry. Bacteriologist (Gen) GS-13   U20
Bacterilogist              SAHSO(R)(T)
Bacterilogist              SAHSO(R)(T)
Biological Aide            GS-4    U02
                                  1311   BSS-1^235   Frye,  G.     Chicago,  Illinois
                                  1311   BSS-^2351A Allen, 0. -E.
                                  1398   BSS-53^6   Troupe, L. A.
                                         BSS-38TT   Scarce,  L.E.
                                                    Rubenstein, S.
                                                    Bond,  H. A.
                                         BSS-61T3   Dixon, M. L.
   Radiological Laboratory
Supvry. Chemist (Analytical)
Chemist
Physical Science Tech.

   Biologi cal Laboratory
                           GS-13  1320
                           AHSO(R)(T)
                           GS-5   1311
Supvry. Biologist
Biologist
Biologist (Water Poll.)
BiologicalLab. Tech. (Gen).GS-T
Biologist (Water Poll.)
Biologist (Water Poll.).
Biologist (Water Poll.)
Laboratory Helper
                           GS-13
                           SAHSO(R)(T)
                           cs-9
GS-T
GS-T
GS-T
GS-2
                                   Uoi
PLANNING AND REPORTS BRANCH
Supvry. Sanitary Engineer  GS-lU
Soil Conservationist (Staff) GS-12
Secretary (Typing)         GS-5
Clerk-Typist               GS-U
                                   kOI
                                  1398
                                   819
   Engineering Section
Supvry. Sanitary Engineer
Secretary (Steno)

   Basic Data Unit
Sanitary Engineer
Sanitary Engineer
Sanitary Engineer
Statistical Clerk
Clerk-Typist
                           GS-13
                           GS-5
                                   318
                                   322
        819
        318
                           SR SANE
                           SA SANE
                           ASANE
                           GS-U   1531
                           GS-U    322
              BSS-6T3T
              RO-Ull
              RO-U8U
BSS-5371   Tovnsend, L. E,
RO-383     Ehlert, L. S.
                         Minkin, J. L.
                         Start, G. P.
                         Vacant  2/
              RO-U351A   Crawford7 J. M.
              RO-^08     Morwitz, D.
              BSS-5518   Risley,  C.,  Jr.
                         Abbott,  W. L.
              BSS-^2351A Cornier, R.  F.
BSS-U096   Cook, G. W.         "
           Fox, J. L.
BSS-^25   Schuytema, G. J.
BSS-56ll4-   Vacant  I/  •        "
BSS-M4-26   Marciniak, P.       "
BSS-UU261A Powers, R. E.       "
BSS-H261A Rummel, L. H.
           Townsend, J. L.  X/ "
           Ovmbey, C. R.
           Vacant  J/
           Fischbach, T. G.
           Hawkins, D. A.
-------
                                                                       81
                   DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL
                              TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH
                      GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT
                                  (Comprehensive)--       		—
                                  January 1, 1964
   Title
                        Grade   Series   Pos. No.
            Name
Duty Station
PLANNING AND REPORTS BRANCH (Cont'd)
   Environment Analysis Unit
Sanitary Engineer
Sanitary Engineer
Sanitary Engineer
Mathematics Technician
Sanitary Engineer
                         GS-12    819
                         ASE(R)(T)
                         GS-9     819
                         GS-5    1521
                         ASE(R)(T)
   Industrial Wastes Unit
Sanitary Engineer
Sanitary Engineer

   Hydrology Unit
Hydraulic Engineer
                         ~SRSANE(R)(T)
                         ASE(R)(T)
   Cooperative Studies Section
Sanitary Engineer (Chief) SANE(R ) ( T )
Sanitary Engineer        ASE(R)(T)
Sanitary Engineer        GS-12    819
    Economics  Section
 Economist General        GS-13
 Regional Economist        GS-5
 Statistical Clerk        GS-5

    Report Preparation Section
 Tech.  Publ. Writer  Engr.  GS-12
 Cartographic  Draftsman   GS-5
' Cartographic  Draftsman   GS-4
 Technical Writer         GS-9
                                  110
                                 1531
                                 1083
                                  8l6
                                  8l6
                                 1083
          Vacant  2/   Chicago, Illinois
          Ross, J.~M.          "
BSS-5292  Pinkstaff, E.
          Elder, J. ¥.         "        ':
          Chaussee, D. R.      "
          Eklund, H.
          Dunne, W. M.
                         GS-12    813    BSS-6212  Willeke, G. E,
                                                   Johnson, R. E.
                                                   Hopkins, D. R.
                                                   Vacant  2/
ESS-^926  Schuck, W. J.
EH-63-ii-32 Kee, D.
RO-520    Vacant  I/
          Buchanan, H. A.
BSS-^025  Buckhaulter, A.
BSS-^llO  Johnson, L. A., Jr. A/
          Vacant  h/
-------
                                                                       82
                   DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL
                              TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH
                      GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT
                                LAKE ERIE FIELD GTATION
                                  January 1, 1964
   Title
Grade   Series   Pos.  No.
                     Name
              Duty Station
ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH..
Project DirectorSR SANE
Deputy-Director-        SE DIR
Public Health Analyst   GS-5
Administrative Aide     GS-6
Secretary (Steno)       GS-5
Secretary (Typing)      GS-k
          685   EH-63-439
          301   RO-320
          318   RO-162
          318   RO-605
FIELD OPERATIONS.BRANCH
Chief, Sanitary Engineer SAN(R)(T)
Secretary (Steno)       GS-4      3l8
General Mechanic        WB-11    kjkd
Sanitary Engineer       SANE
Sanitary Engineer       SANE

   Field Measurements Section
Supvy. Sanitary Engineer  SA"SANE(T)
Sanitary Engineer      . A SME(R)(T)
Boat Operator           WB-8     5903
Bqat Operator           WB-8     5903
Aquatic SampleCollector WB-4     3501
Sanitary Engineer
Sanitary Engineer
ASANE
ASANE
   Hydraulics Section
Supvy. Sanitary Engineer SA SANE(R)(T)
Sanitary Engineer

LABORATORY BRANCH
Director, Laboratories
Secretary (Steno)

   Chemical Laboratory
Chemist Analytical
Chemist
A SANE(R)(T)
SCI DIR
GS-4
GS-ll
GS-7
 11

GS-5
 318
1320
                   North! ngton,C-W.  Cleveland, Ohio
                   Hubbs,  G. L.
                   Vacant               '   "
                   Vacant                  "
                   Cline,  C..          ""   "
                   Pastva, J. D.           "
                            McElwee, W. C.
                            Eggleston, B. C.
                            Vacant  kf
                            Vacant  "5/
                            Vacant  "%/
                   Marceleno,  T .
                   Warren J .
       BSS-5687    Jones, W.  L.
       BSS-568T1A  Frye,  W.
       BSS-ii23TlA  Fuller, -F.-'-Dr,  Jr.
                   Bacher, J.
           "        Good,  J. S.
           "        McGuinness, J.
           "        Sprenger,  R.
           "        Ziats, R.  J.
           "        Chrencik,  C. F.
                   White, W.  H.
           "        Peterson,  T. W.
           "        Robinson,  C . W.
                   Vacant- -i/ • -
                   Vacant
                   Oster, C. C.
                   Carrara, R .  S
RO-549


BSS-3876
"DC! CI ) i T (~\} i
J3OO *~ H-LLJH-
   ii

BSS-5057
Frohne, W. C.
Wagner, A. R.
Fisher, W. C.
Schroeder, V. C.
Ross, C.
Osterland, C.
Tedde, F. A.
-------
                                                                       83
                 DIVISION  OF WATER SUPPLY AND  POLLUTION  CONTROL
                            TECHNICAL  SERVICES BRANCH
                    GREAT  LAKES-ILLINOIS  RIVER BASINS PROJECT
                               LAKE ERIE FIELD  STATION
                                 January  1,  196k
   Title
Grade   Series   Pos .  No.
                                                      Name
                                                                 Duty Station
LABORATORY BRANCH (Cont'd)
   Chemical Laboratory (Cont'd)
Chemi st
                        GS-9
         1320
                        GS-T
                        GS-5
   Biological Laboratory
Biologist
Biologist
Biologist
                        SAHSO(R)(T)
                        SAHSO(R)(T)
                        GS-5
   Microbiological Laboratory
Bacteriologist (Gen.)    GS-11     if-20
Bacteriologist           GS-9      ^20
Biological Aide         GS-5
Biological Aide         GS-J

PLANNING AND REPORTS BRANCH
Supvy.Sanitary Engineer GS-13
Secretary (steno)       GS-k      318
Cartographic Draftsman  GS-5      8l6
                                        BSS-4122
                EH-63-43
                R0-5k6
                BSS-40251A
                                                     Vacant  4/  Cleveland, Ohio
                                                     Vacant  V
                                                     Vacant  ~5/
                                                     Vacant  V
                             Casper, V. L.
                             Kleveno, C. C.
                             Vacant  2/
                             Peterson, M.
                             Vacant  k/
                             Vacant  V
                             Vacant  V
                                                     Day, R. V.
                                                     Oliver, J.
                                                     Alexander, D .
   Basic Data Section
Sanitary Engineer
Sanitary Engineer
                        ASANE(R)(T)
                        SANE
   Data Processing Section
                        ASANE(R)(T)
                        GS-^4-      322
Sanitary Engineer
Clerk-Typist

   Engineering Section
Sanitary Engineer       SANE
Sanitary Engineer       SASANE(R)(T)
Sanitary Engineer       ASANE
Reports Preparation Engr.  SANE
                             Fazzino, S. C
                             Vacant  2/
                             Witte, R. D.
                             Vacant  I/
                                                     Vacant  2/
                                                     Martinez, ¥. W.
                                                     Vacant  4/
                                                     Vacant  3/
-------
                  DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AND POLLUTION CONTROL
                             TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH
                       GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT
                                 LAKE ONTARIO FIELD STATION
                                     January 1, 1964
   Title
Grade
Series  Pos. No.
Name
Duty Station
Acting Project Director SR SANE
Administrative Assistant GS-T     301
Secretary                GS-5     318
Sanitary Engineer    .    ASE(R)(T)
Aquatic Sample Collector WB-4    3501
                BSS-4237
                    Vacant  4/  Rochester, Nev Yo:
                    Vacant  "%/
                    Vacant  "4~/
                    Vacant  "6/
                    Vacant  "6/
I/
I
EOD
EOD
EOD
EOD
EOD
EOD
1-64
2-64
3-64
4-64
5-64
6-64
                                        A/  Term. 1-10-64
                                        B/  Term 4-64
                                        C/  Transfer to Cleveland 4-64
                                        T)/  Transfer to Rochester N-Y. 6-64
X/  Temporary limited appointment
-------
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                                      SPACE
                                                                      86
Project:  Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
EY     :  196H
Date   :  December,
Location
3>8l9 W. Pershing Rd.
Chicago, Illinois
T298 York Road
Cleveland, Ohio

Rochester, Nev York

(l) Utilities
(2) Rent
1
Use
] Office, Laboratory,
! and Storage
Office, Laboratory,
and Storage

Office, Laboratory,
and Storage



Area
(sq. ft.)
29,337
15,000

7,000



Cost
$ 23,500 (1)
1,500 (1)

500 (1)
10, OCX) (2)



-------
                                      SPACE
                                                                     87
Project:  Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
IY      :  1965
Date    ;  December,
       Location
                               Use
  Area
(sq.  ft.)
                                          Cost
1019 W. Pershing Rd.
Chicago, Illinois

7298 York Road.
Cleveland, Ohio

Rochester, Nev York
Naval Air Station
Grosse lie,  Michigan
(l) Utilities
(2) Rent
Office, Laboratory,
 • 'and Storage

Office, Laboratory,
  and S ,orage

Office, Laboratory,
  and Storage
                        Office, Laboratory,
                          and Storage
                                                   29,337
                                                   15,000
                                                     ,000
  >,200
                23,500    (1)


                 1,500    (1)
                                                                  21,000
                                                                   1,000
                          (2)
                          (1)
                                             800    (1)
-------
                         ESTIMATED WORKING BUDGET PLAK
                                ELscel Year 1964
                                                                      88
Ragion and Location Region
1964 Allowance Wo.
                                           Program/Project No.   207/645
                              Chi c ago .,  Ill • and Title Great Lakes- Illinois River
                                                       Basins Project
                                                     1964 Estimate
11  Personnel Compensation
    Summer employment
    Consultants' fees
12  Personnel benefits
21  Travel
    Temporary duty travel
    Change of station including dependents
      and dislocation allowance
    Car rental
22  Transportation of things
    Change of station
    Other
23  Rents, communications & utilities
24  Printing and reproduction
25  Other services
    Contracts
    Other
26  Supplies and materials
31  Equipment
                                       Total
                                                    $  951,000
                                                         5,000
                                                         2,000
                                                       144,000

                                                       160,000
                                                        10,000
                                                        30,000

                                                        24,000
                                                         1,000
                                                        44,000
                                                         2,000

                                                       524,500
                                                        21,900
                                                        66,000
                                                       180,000
                                                    $2,165,400
-------
                       ESTIMATED WORKING BUDGET PLAN BY QUARTER
                                                                        89
                                  Fiscal Year 1964

                                                 Program/Project Ho.  207/64.
Region and Location Region V, Chicago, Illinois  and Title  Great Lakes-
1964 Allowance No. 4-3155
1st Qtr.
Personnel Compensation
and benefits $ 262,000
Travel 49,000
Contracts* 115,000
Other 66,800
Total $ 492,800
*lst Quarter includes:
Weather Btireau
Communicable Disease Center
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Geological Survey
Corps of Engineers Boats
Renovation
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
*2nd Quarter includes:
New York University
Chesapeake Bay Institute
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Jlsh and Wildlife. Service
Private Boat

2nd Qtr.
$ 271,000 |
48,000
.255,000
81,500
$ 655,500 $
$ 18,000
15,060
9,060
6,800
50,000
8,100
10,000
'• 52,000
-5,000
30,000
. ' 30,000
105,000

3rd Qtr.
1 232,000 $
in, ooo
148,000
124,100
. 595,100 $•
River Basins Prc
4th Qtr. Total
285,000 $ 1,100,000
62,000 200,000
6,500 52^,500
68,500 340,900
422,000 $ 2,165,400
#3rd Quarter includes:
Information International $
. ' Corps of Engineers
Battelle Institute
Laboratory Services

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                                   TORKUSO BUDGET

                        Request for Funds, Fiscal Year 1965
                                                                        99
                                          Program/Project No.  207/6*1-5
Region and Location  Region V, Chicago,   and Title  Great Lakes-Illinois River
1964 Allowance No.
                       Illinois
                                                       Basins Project
11  Personnel Compensation

    Consultants*s fees

12  Personnel benefits

21  Travel

    Change of station including dependents
      and dislocation allowance

    Car rental

22  Transportation of things

    Change of station

    Other

23  Rents, communications & utilities

2k  Printing and reproduction

25  Other services

    Contracts

    Other  (Lake Ontario)

26  Supplies

31  Equipment
                                                 1965 Request

                                                  1,281,000

                                                      3,000

                                                    172,000-
                                                    150,000

                                                     1*0,000




                                                     20,000

                                                      4,000.

                                                     ii6,000

                                                     25,000



                                                    612, ooc

                                                     21,000

                                                     50,000.

                                                     76,000
                                       Total   $  2,500,000

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  1968                                 J-K3                 600,000

  1969                                 36                 500,000
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                          BUDGET BY ACTIVITIES
                         (thousands of dollars)

 Project:  Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
 FY     :  1561i-
 Date   :  December, 1963
 	Activity     	- Fiscal-Year

•^Headquarters and administration:
 Rent, office and lab.                               232

 Social sciences:
    Projections                                       77
    Benefit analysis                                   6

 Physical sciences:
    Inventory                                         9^
    Field instrumentation                            Il6
    Measurements and sampling                        670
    Laboratory equipment                              5C
    Laboratory services
    Machine data processing
    Data analysis and evaluation                     120

 Reports:
    Preparation                                       27
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 Comprehensive Planning
    Engineer evaluation                               71
    Flow regulation                                   33
    Land use                                           9

 Recreation (Bureaxi of Outdoor Recreation)            kd
 Aquatic Life (Fish and Wildlife Service)          ___38

                                      Total        2,165
 *Includes all overhead items (administrative services, motor pool,
  communications, utilities, etc.)-
-------
                            BUDGET  BY ACTIVITIES                       116
                           (thousands of  dollars)
 gect:   Great Lakes-Illinois River  Basins  Project
      :   1965
 ,e    :   December,  1963
       Activity	Fiscal Year

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 Projections                                      iVf
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 Field instrumentation                             9^
 Measurements and sampling                        653
 Laboratory equipment                              52
 Laboratory services                              520
 Machine data processing                          152
 Data analysis and evaluation                     150

ports:
 Preparation                                       55
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APPENDIX
-------
               LAKE HURON WATERSHED

                GENERAL STUDY PLAN
                   PRELIMINARY
                  December 1963
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
             Public Health Service
   Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control
      Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
-------
-------
                          TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                           PAGE

I      INTRODUCTION                                          1

               The Lake Huron Study Area                     2
               Objectives of the Lake Huron Basin Study      2
               Organization for the Study                    3

II     BASIC DATA COLLECTION                                 5

               Water Uses                                    5
               Water Borne Wastes                            6
               Water Quality Appraisal                       6
               Water Resource Appraisal                      6
               Land Use                                      7

III    FIELD OPERATIONS                                      8

               Sampling Program                              S
               Flow Measurements                             9
               Special Studies                              10

IV     LABORATORY PROGRAM                                   11

               Biology                                      11
               Chemistry                                    12
               Microbiology                                 13
               Radiochemistry                               14

V      ECONOMIC-DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES                         15

               Population 1930-2010                         15
               Economy of the Area                          15
               Economic Outlook                             16

VI     RELATED STUDIES                                      17


VII    PLAN FORMULATION                                     18
-------
-------
                     LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE                                               FOLLOWING
NUMBER                     TITLE                       PAGE
  1               Location Map                         1
  2               Lake Huron Study Area               -1
  3               Current Meter Stations              10
-------
                      I - INTRODUCTION

Background

       The Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project, in cooperation
with State agencies and others,, is engaged in a comprehensive study
of water quality on a broad scale.  This study5 one of several being
undertaken in the nation's major drainage basins under provisions of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, is a part of the program of
the Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control, Public Health
Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

       The Project's study area, as shown on Figure 1, comprises the
Illinois River Basin, and the United States portion of the Great Lakes,
their tributaries and contributing watersheds.

       For study and reporting purposes, the area has been divided into
six major parts, consisting of the Illinois River Basin and each of
the five Great Lakes basins.  Each major part is further subdivided
into subdrainage basins for water resource and water quality con-
siderations, and into subregions - generally along county lines - for
economic base studies.  Boundary lines of the six major parts are
outlined on Figure 1.  Additional details for the Lake Huron Study
Area are shown on Figure 2.

       The general objectives of the. Project have been described as
follows:

       l)  A determination of the causes of water pollution and
           the effects of such ^pollution on the quality of water
           resources and on belieficial uses.

       2)  The development of agreements on the desired beneficial
           uses and the water quality required to accommodate
           those uses.

       3)  The development of water quality control measures to
           achieve the desired objectives, including the establish-
           ment of a time table for their accomplishment.

To meet these objectives, the Project has solicited participation,
assistance, advice, and cooperation on the part of: other Federal
agencies; State agencies concerned with public health, water pollu-
tion control, water resource management, and related fields; inter-
state agencies; municipalities; industry; and many other interested
groups, both public and private.  Most gratifying, also, has been the
coordination of effort with our Canadian counterparts achieved through
both official and informal channels of communication.  Thus it is prov-
ing possible to study each of the international boundary lakes as a
physical entity.
-------
       At this time (December 1963) the intensive phase of work has
been completed in the Illinois River Basin, is approaching completion
in the Lake Michigan Basin, and is well under way in the Lake Erie
Basin.  The Lake Huron and Lake Ontario Basins are next on the schedule
for detailed study, and therefore this study plan was prepared.  It has
two purposes:  l) to serve as a general guide to preparation of detailed
plans for study in the Lake Huron area, and 2) to inform interested
parties who may not have been already familiar with GLIRB Project.

The Lake Huron Study Area

       The study area begins on the west at the Straits of Mackinac,
where Lake Michigan joins Lake Huron, and at the outlet of Lake
Superior, and terminates at the Lake Huron outlet, just north of the
mouth of Black River, where it joins the Lake Erie study area.  The
choice of terminal boundaries is somewhat arbitrary, but conforms with
the rule that, in general, connecting channels between the Great Lakes
are treated as tributary to the downstream Lake.

       The,Lake Huron study area forms a connecting link, between the
two headwater basins of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, and the down-
stream Lake'Erie Basin.  With respect to population concentration and
industrial development, the Lake Huron area is dwarfed in importance
by the two study areas it connects, i.e., Lakes Michigan and Erie.  A
similar situation applies in regard to the magnitude and gravity of
present water quality problems, and that is why the Lake Michigan and
Lake Erie Basins received earlier attention.

       There are certain aspects that are common to all areas and
should not be slighted.  These include but are not necessarily limited
to:  1) Water Budget Studies, an appraisal of the ground and surface
water resources available to the area;  2) Lake Current Studies, to
determine both mass movements and local current patterns in selected
areas; and 3) A Sampling Program, sufficient in details of coverage
and parameters analyzed to provide a base line for future observation
of changes in water quality.

Objectives of the Lake Huron Basin Study

       Specific objectives of the study are:

       1.  To determine the present quality of the waters of Lake
Huron and  its tributaries, by a review of existing records supplemented
by a  field sampling program.

       2.  To inventory water uses and trends of usage in the  Basin,
for municipal and industrial water supply, recreation, aquatic and
wildlife,  navigation, agriculture, and other purposes.
-------
-------
                                                     D
"V-S^*-
  CHEBOVGA
LEGEND-
  Loke Huron Basin Boundary
  Intemotional Boundary
  State Boundary  -
  Subbasin Boundary
                                             GREAT  LAKES  «  'L-
                                               RA'ER  BAS'NS PPCJLCT
                                             LAKE HURON STUDY AREA
                                                                          N'. IS
                                                                  FIGURE 2
-------
       3.  To identify sources of pollution, and compile data on quan-
tities and characteristics of water-borne wastes, in each sub-drainage
basin, catalogued by sources and points of discharge.

       4".  To appraise the adequacy of present practices in land use,
water use, and waste disposal in relation to water quality protection.

       5.  To measure Lake Huron currents and establish their patterns
as an aid to predicting the fate of pollutants discharged into the
Lake and resultant effects on the Lake.

       6.  To make economic and demographic studies leading to projec-
tions of future growth, accompanying water demands, and associated
water-borne wastes.

       7.  To determine the existing and potentially developable water
resources, ground and surface, within the Basin.

       8.  To formulate a plan for guidance of a cooperative program
aimed at improving and protecting the quality of waters in the Basin.
This includes development of agreements on the water quality goals,
analysis of measures for achieving these goals, sind time tables for
their accomplishment.

Organization for the Study

       Except as otherwise noted in this report, the intensive phase
of the study will be carried out by the Lake Huron Field Station, which
will operate as a Branch of the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins
Project.  The Field Station Director (to be designated) will be re-
sponsible to the GLIRB Project Director, and will be in direct charge
of all activities of the station.  Tentatively, it is planned that the
Lake Huron Field Station will take over the space, facilities, and
available manpower, of the Detroit River-Lake Erie Project (an enforce-
ment activity) at Gross lie, Michigan, when that Project is completed
next year.

       In addition to the main field station, substations will be needed
for certain activities.  Two substations will probably be established -
one in the Saginaw Bay Area, at or near Bay City, and one at Sault Ste.
Marie, Michigan.  Substations will be under the main Field Station.
Local laboratories of other agencies, and a mobile laboratory, will be
utilized as necessary.

       Activities to be conducted from GLIRB Project headquarters in
Chicago include:  economic-demographic studies and contracts therefor;
land use management practices in relation to water quality; and Lake
current (oceanographic) studies.  Contract arrangements have been made
through Chicago headquarters for cooperative studies by the Bureau of
Outdoor Recreation and by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife,
-------
USDI; these arrangements provide for continuity throughout the GLIRfep
study and will continue to be administered from headquarters..

       Project headquarters staff will exercise technical supervision
said/or render technical assistance to the Lake Huron Field Station as
provided herein under subsequent sections dealing with specific
activities; and otherwise as directed by the Project Director or re-.
quested by the Field Station Director with the Project Director's
concurrence.
-------
                                                              5

                    II - BASIC DATA COLLECTION

Water Uses    ,                               -             -

       The collection of basic data will be one of the first activ-
ities started, and will be a continuing activity.  Contacts will be
established and maintained with persons and agencies in the area
having pertinent information and records.  First efforts will be
directed toward determining what information is available, the gaps
in needed information, and how these gaps may be filled, either by
Project investigations or cooperative effort by others.  Discussion
of specific categories of basic data follows:

       For the sake of uniformity, water uses will be grouped into the
following categories, in conformity with the grouping already estab-
lished in studies of other parts of the GLIRB Project study area:

                 1.  Municipal Water Source

                 2.  Industrial Process Water

                 3.  Recreation

                       A.  Whole-body contact
                       B.  Limited bodily contact

                 4.  Irrigation

                 5.  Fish and Aquatic Life

                       A.  Tolerant
                       B.  Facultative
                       C.  Intolerant

                 6.  Wildlife and Livestock Watering

                 7.  Hydroelectric Power

                 8.  Commercial Shipping

                 9.  Cooling

                10.  Esthetics

                11.  Waste Water Assimilation

       The inventory of municipal and industrial water uses in the
Lake Huron Basin will be compiled for each sub-drainage basin.  The
published data will be updated where needed through state office
visits for collecting data from unpublished reports.  Results will be
-------
published in the form established by the Basic Data Branch of WS&PC
Division, Washington, including the national coordinate system for
describing point locations.

       For other water uses, the extent of usage will be described in
appropriate terms, as quantitatively as possible.  Examples are:
acreage irrigated and type of irrigation practiced; rated capacity in
KW and annual energy generation in KWH for hydroelectric and thermal
power plants; annual tonnage (historical and projected) for commercial
shipping; and, for recreational boating, number and type of boats
registered, berthing capacity of marinas, etc..  Bathing beach areas
on Lake Huron will be mapped and described.

Water Borne jJastes

       A comprehensive picture of the waste  loadings to receiving
waters in the basin will be obtained.  The state agencies and other
agencies will be asked to cooperate in obtaining the data via state
records, plant visits and/or plant sampling at selected plant sites,
both industrial and municipal.  Information will be obtained relative
to the loadings contributed by boats, shipboard discharges, and
dredging operations in Lake Huron and tributary streams.

Water Quality Appraisal

       Existing reports will be used as a source of data for determin-
ing the present water quality and as a guide in determining where
stream and Lake sampling is needed.  Records of water analyses from
water intakes, beaches, or other points in Lake Huron will be analyzed
for historical trends in water quality at selected points in the Lake.

Water Resource Appraisal

       The adequacy of ground and surface water sources to supply
present and projected demands will be appraised.  This involves a study
of the geology and hydrology of the area.  From low-flow frequency data
on tributary streams., design drouth conditions will be developed so
that water quality objectives can be associated with adopted recurrence
intervals of extreme conditions.

       For projecting long-term trends in overall average water quality
in Lake Huron, an estimate of the net annual flow-through of water will
be required.  Hydraulically, Lakes Michigan and Huron act as a single
lake; therefore the water balance study for Lake Huron will have been
completed in connection with work on Lake Michigan Basin.

       Information will be collected on the effects of fluctuating
Lake surface levels on water uses.
-------
Land Use

       The quality of water reaching streams and lakes from surface
runoff is closely associated with land use.  Patterns of existing land
use will be determined from Department of Agriculture records and
other sources.  Representative watersheds will be selected for field
studies to determine quality of runoff water and establish factors to
be applied to the whole land area.  This work will be directed from
Project headquarters by a staff specialist, possibly through coopera-
tive arrangement with the Department of Agriculture.
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                                                               8

                       III - FIELD OPERATIONS

Sampling,Program

       Conduct of the field sampling program will be a major responsi-
bility of the Field Station and its substations.   This will include
coordinating car routes, boat sampling,  processing and delivery of
samples to laboratories, and installation, maintenance and operation
of automated sampling equipment such as  DO (dissolved oxygen) analyzers
and carbon filter stations.

                Lake Huron-Extended Range Sampling
       Sampling in the main body of the Lake will be conducted in boats
equipped with laboratory facilities for making certain tests (see
LABORATORY PROGRAM) and with quarters for the boat crew and necessary
Project personnel.  Lake sampling stations will be located at each
current meter station (see Lake Current Studies)  and at intermediate
points.

       Cruises will be scheduled to collect samples at least once
during each of the three seasons, spring, summer, and fall.  One of
the cruises should be conducted either in late fall or early spring,
as close to winter conditions as ice and weather permit.

       At each station call, a temperature sounding shall be taken
from top to bottom with the  Bathythermograph, and samples collected
at three depths: near the surface, near the bottom, and at mid-depth.
Data collected on the first cruise shall be processed promptly and
examined for both horizontal and vertical variations in quality; spac-
ing of sampling stations and depths on subsequent cruises will then be
modified according to the variations thus disclosed.

                Lake Huron-Intensive Local Sampling

       Sampling activities in Saginaw Bay will be generally the same
as described for the main Lake, except that stations will be more
closely spaced, and sampling probably will be conducted by fast boats
not equipped with quarters or laboratory.  Detailed plans for sampling
in the Bay will be worked out with regard for areas of concentrated
usage, such as bathing beaches, and heavy sources of pollutional input.

       In the St. Mary's River - connecting channel between Lakes
Superior and Huron - International Joint Commission (IJC) staff will
provide much of the needed information.  Additional sampling will be
designed only to supplement the IJC data.
-------
       Sampling at the confluence of major tributaries with Lake Huron
will be designed to provide a basis for estimating the annual and sea-
sonal input to the Lake and show the patterns of dispersal of constit-
uents into Lake water.  This program will be conducted for the following
tributaries:

                     Cheboygan River
                     Thunder Bay River
                     Au Sable River
                     Rifle River
                     Saginaw River
                     St. Marys River
                     Kawkawlin River

The sampling pattern at a tributary confluence will consist of one or
more stations located upstream from Lake backwater effect, and additional
stations radiating outward until the water quality merges with that of
the main Lake.

                         Stream Sampling

       Sampling of streams on the watershed will include areas of
importance to population concentrations, industry and recreation.
Existing records, of state and other agencies, will be screened to de-
termine where supplementary sampling may be needed.  The field program
will probably include these areas:

       1)  Industrial-urban (Saginaw River Valley)

       2)  Agricultural (Cass River)

       3)  Forested (Au Sable River)

Sampling stations will be located above and below major waste-water
outfalls, and downstream through the zone of assimilation and recovery
for decomposing organic wastes.

                       Lake Current Studies

       Objectives of the Lake current studies are to determine the
mass movements of Lake water, the pattern of currents and relationship
of currents to wind and other forces, effective mixing volumes, and
the mechanics of the mixing process - all for the purpose of pre-
dicting the fate of pollutants discharged and their effect on Lake
water quality and water uses.  A combination of fixed-position record-
ing stations and tracer techniques will be used.

       Figure 3 shows tentative locations of current meter stations in
the Lake.  Stations will be operated continuously for a period of one
-------
                                                               10.

year.  General procedures will be the same as developed in the earlier
studies on Lake Michigan.

       Drogue and dye studies will be conducted in selected inshore
areas, and especially in Saginaw Bay, where sufficient tracings will
be carried out to establish dispersion coefficients and velocity pat-
terns over the range of different wind conditions.

                    Stream and Waste Water Flows

       Flow data will be obtained as needed to translate the concen-
trations, determined by laboratory analyses of samples, into quantity
of material transported.  It is expected that much of the required flow
information can be obtained by utilizing existing stream gaging pro-
grams of USGS and other agencies.  Necessary supplemental field measure-
ments will be accomplished by use of conventional current meters, weirs,
Parshall flumes or other appropriate equipment.

Special Studies

       Special field studies may include surveys of sludge deposits,
core sampling of the Lake bottom, and studies of combined sewer
operation.

       Sampling and flow measurements should be made on a number of
representative small drainage areas to obtain factors for estimating
the pollutional contributions of natural runoff from urban and rural
areas.  For the latter, this work should be coordinated with the
general study of land use and related water quality (see Land Use).
-------
                                                  ANTICIPATED CANADIA
                                    PROPOSED UNITED^     PATTERN
                                    STATES PATTERN
EGENO-
 i.oke Huron Basm Boundary
 ntemationcil Bourdory
 State Boijnacry  •	 -
 Current Meters
    3RCAT  L.AKCS
       Vf"  BAS'NS
         LAKE HURON
CURRENT  METER  LOCATIONS
-------
                                                               11
                      IV - LABORATORY PROGRAM
Biology
       Biological investigations in the Lake Huron area will be under-
taken with four ultimate objectives:

       1)  To evaluate the general biological condition of the Lake.

       2)  To define local or zonal effects from tributaries and
           waste discharges.

       3)t To provide the biological information required for ex-
           planation and interpretation of certain chemical,
           bacterial and physical data.

       4)  To guide the development of water quality control
           measures that will promote desirable, and inhibit
           undesirable, aquatic life.

       Samples of benthic animals, attached flora, and phytoplankton
will be -collected at stations selected to coincide with stations where
•chemical, physical and bacteriological measurements will be made.

       A minimum program would involve seasonal studies of the biolog-
ical parameters as outlined below;
Parameters

Phytoplankton
Frequency

Bi-weekly in streams
All samples from Lake
Benthic fauna   May, Aug., Oct.

Attached algae  May, Aug., Oct.
Collected by

Aquatic Samplers


Biologists
Rooted weeds

Net Plankton
July or Aug.

Each Lake Station
Analyzed by

Chicago Lab.
                                          Field Sta. Lab.
                                          (assisted by Chgo.)
                                          Field Sta. and/or
                                          Chicago
                   Chicago Lab.
       Field Station-based biologists would be responsible for tribu-
tary work and some of the lake cruises.  Chicago-based biologists
would also work some of the lake cruises.  Except on deep-water cruises,
sampling by biologists will be made independently of chemical and
bacteriological sampling.
-------
                                                              12

                       Laboratory Procedures

       Samples collected from the Lake waters would be screened at the
Field Station laboratories, preserved and returned to the GLIRBP lab-
oratory in Chicago.  Here they would be processed (macro and micro-
examination) for enumeration and identification.

       The laboratory analyses will consist of:

       1)  Bottom fauna identification and enumeration.

       2)  Attached plant life, including algae and fungi,
           identification and measure of abundance.

       3)  Phytoplankton identification and enumeration.

       4)  Net plankton, identification and organic content.

       Special projects will include studies on the use of artificial
substrata for eutrophication evaluation; chlorophyll densities of the
subject waters; diurnal fluctuations of dissolved oxygen, and elec-
trofishing and bioassay as needed.

Chemistry

       The bulk of this program will consist of routine sampling -of
the waters under study.  Samples will be delivered to the field lab-
oratory for the analyses which are to be made there.  The remainder
of the samples will be sent to GLIRBP laboratory in Chicago.  An out-
line is presented segregating the analytical tests to be performed at
the field laboratory and at GLIRBP into various groups based on the
need for repeated determinations for each parameter under study.

                 Field Station Laboratory Outline

Tests to be run-.                     Frequency of Test:

       pH                            All samples   .           -  •
       Specific Conductivity         All samples
       DO                            All samples
       Alkalinity                    All samples
       Chloride                      All samples
       Turbidity                     All samples
       BOD                           Inshore & Tributary samples
       COD                          • Tributary samples
       Solids                        Waste  samples
          (a)  Dissolved             All samples
          (b)  .Suspended             Inshore & Tributary samples
       Cyanide                       Special samples, waste
       Phenols                       Special samples, waste
-------
                                                               13

                 GLIRBP Laboratory Program Outline

Tests to be run:                     Frequency of Test:

Carbon Chloroform Extracts &         Special samples at
  Carbon Alcohol Extracts            selected stations

Nitrogens (NHo, Kjeldahl, NO^)       All samples collected; 3 depths

Total Phosphates                     All samples collected; 3 depths
Oil                                  Special samples as needed

Toxic Metals
(Cu, Pbj Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr)             Once at each station; composited
                                     depths

Gross Minerals
(Nas Kj Ca, Mg, SQ^, SiO, )           Lake Samples - once at each station;
                                     3 depths
                                     Tributaries - once at each station
                                     on composite samples

ABS                                  All. stations collected; 3 depths

Trace Elements                  ' •'• *  Same as Gross Minerals

Microbiology

       The objectives of the microbiological investigation will be to
determine the present quality of the waters of each lake and its
drainage basin through the use of certain parameters which express
the sanitary status of  the waters investigated and through the use of
other parameters which help to express other qualities of.the lake.
This information will provide information as to points of influx of
domestic sewage and the wastes of certain industries, as well as lo-
calizing areas of pollution within the Lake itself.  The tests listed
below will be the chief items comprising the microbiological survey of
the Lake.

                          Coliform Tests

1.  Total coliform via membrane filter (All samples).
2.  Coliform differentiation on selected samples by elevated tem-
    perature test (gas production from lactose, at 44-5 - 45-0° in
    24 hours).
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                                                              14

                     Fecal Streptococcus Tests

1.  Total fecal streptococci via membrane filter using K.F.  Agar
    plates. - Inshore and Tributary samples as indicated by
    reconnaissance studies.

2.  Streptococcus differentiation on selected samples via special
    fermentation and metabolic tests.

                        Total Plate Counts                          .   •

       Total plate counts - All Lake samples plus selected Inshore
and Tributary samples.  Procedure will be membrane filter or special
pour plates.

       a.  20° C.

       b.  35° C.

       c.  With further special bacteriological identification tests
           on selected samples.

                        Pathogen Detection

       a.  Enteroviruses

       b.  Salmonella

       c.  Other selected tests

Radio chemist ry

       All samples for radioactivity studies will be sent back to the
Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project laboratory in Chicago for
analysis.

       Samples are to be collected at the same stations where chemical,
physical and biological tests are to be made.  Special samples will
be collected when high results are encountered from routine samples.
Sewage treatment plant outfalls and waste outfalls will be sampled,
particularly where known radioisotope users are involved.

       Special biological samples will also be collected for radio-
activity determinations.  This will include plankton on the lake,
bottom samples on the lake and tributaries and filamentous algae on
the tributaries.
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                                                               15

                 V - ECONOMIC-DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES
       The Economic and Demographic Study would include the following
activities:  Population studies and projections for each sub-region
or other area deemed of value to the study; an economic study of each
of the above areas; and an analysis of the rate and direction of popu-
lation and industrial growth of selected industries through the year
2010.  The following is an outline of the proposed Economic and
Demographic Study:

Population 1930-2010

       A.  Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
       B.  County Data
       C.  Community Data.  Selected communities or townships.
       D.  Service Area.  Existing and likely future area.
       E.  Density of population (persons per square mile).

Economy, of the Area

       A.  Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

                Employment 1950-1960

                     Total
                     Manufacturing-tot al
                     Selected Industries

                Value Added by Manufacture 1939-1947-1957

                     Total
                     Selected Industries

       B.  County Data

                Employment 1950-1960

                     Total
                     Manufacturing-total
                     Selected Industries

                Value Added by Manufacturer 1939-1947-1957

                     Total
                     Selected Industries
                     Other production measures, e.g., units, tons,
                                                When available
                     Location of Key Plants
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                                                                .u

        C.  Major City or Sub-Area

                 Value Added by Manufacture

'EcQnojn^.0 Outlook

        Analysis  of rate  and direction of growth,  shift in area
        or  sub-area industry patterns and quantity of production;
        projection of population  and levels of selected industries
        to  2010.
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                                                               17

                       VI - RELATED STUDIES
       Cooperative arrangements have been, or will be, made with other
Federal agencies to conduct studies and submit reports concerning those
facets of water use and water quality management in which the agencies
have special responsibility and competence.  These include:  Water
Oriented Recreation, by the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, U. S. Depart-
ment of the Interior; Fish and Wildlife Aspects, by Fish and Wildlife
Service, USDI; and possibly, Land Use in Relation to Water Quality, by
the1 Soil Conservation Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
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                      VII - PLAN FORMULATION
       The end product of the Project's endeavors will be a synthesis
of all elements of the study into a coordinated plan for the guidance
of water quality control programs.  The plan will identify existing
water pollution problemsj spot the location's of problem areas; appraise
the nature and gravity of problems, the water uses affected and the
extent of detriment to those uses; and recommend steps to be taken for
the abatement of pollution.  Where alternative plans would accomplish
the objectives, these will be thoroughly presented as a guide to
decision-making bodies.

       Engineering analyses will be made for translating the projections
of population growth and industrial activity into accompanying water
demands and associated waste loads.

       An essential element of the planning function is the statement,
in terms as quantitative as possible, of the water quality goals
toward which the program should be directed, and against which the
forecast water quality can be compared.  The establishment of these
water quality objectives will be carried out through consultation and
coordination with the Project's Technical Advisory Committee, the State
of Michigan, other Federal agencies, and Project staff.

       The impact of present and future waste loads on receiving waters
will be analyzed.  Where these receiving waters are tributary streams,
this analysis will include identification of waste inputs, the effec-
tiveness of collection and treatment measures, and the stream flows
available under adopted drought conditions for assimilation of waste
residues after treatment.  Generalized estimates will then be made of
the amount of regulation needed from tributary storage reservoirs to
alter the flow regimen to maintain the quality goals.

       With respect to Lake Huron itself, a different set of questions
arises in predicting the fate of pollutants and their effects on Lake
water quality.  Questions include both locf.:  id Lake-wide effects and
long-term trends.  Mathematical models will    set up for estimating
these effects.  The desired answers include: 1) the steady-state con-
centrations of persistent constituents corresponding to existing and
future rates of gross annual input; 2) the time required for concentra-
tions to reach critical levels under projected input rates, if the
steady-state concentration is above the limits set for water quality
goals; 3) local dispersion patterns in the vicinity of significant
waste input points; and 4) correlation between Lake currents and wind
or other causative factors, to aid designers in determining strategic
locations to minimize short-circuiting between waste input points and
water use points.
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