A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING
TEMPERATURE IN RIVERS AND RIVER-RUN  RESERVOIRS
                    Prepared by
                 John R.  Years ley
                   Working Paper
                     No.  65
    United States Department of  the Jnterior
 Federal "water Pollution Control Administration
      Northwest Region,  Portland,  Oregon
                          1969

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e
     The development and testing of  jhe  temperature prediction model

  scribed  in  tnis  paper has b^.ne^:i c^e irom  che  cooperation and contri-

butions of several individuals ; as well  as various  public and private

agencies .

     Initial  development ana prc0ra:;j.v_ng of  che  model was done by

Mr. William Morse  " of the :-*.-.?CA_ ?ati.:ic Northwest Water Laboratory;

Corvallis.,  Oregon.

     The hydraulic calculations ar^- c,c^pted  rrcm techniques developed

by Dr. Bruce  Tichenor er.^ /.r. A_een C.'.riseianson or the FWPCAj r'aciiiic

A o r >- nwes u  ^vater ijaoorci^ory^ vjcrvc- — ^,-t.^^ ^r^gon.

     Mr. Robert Cleary, a Or^^.u^ce s^ucent in  chetuical engineering

at che University  o; Massecn^^cis .,  i\;:.herst, Massachusetts, providea

technical  support  while working for  tn^  Tivl-'CA., Northwest Regional Offiee^

?ortlanc3  Oregon,  as a temporary employee during the summer of 1963.

     A major  part  of cevclopi.-.g and  .reccing  the  model has been the

ccrr.piia cion and organize cion or necejt-ary caca.   The autncr wishes to

thank che  US  Army  Corps of ^n^ineere; "leather  Bureau; Bureau of Commercial

"fisheries ;  US Geologeeal Survey; j'i_cev^l Aviation Agency; Acomie Energy

Commission; Cne^an., Granc ane Do^-^-^c. County VUD's  and Bactelle Xorthwest,

for providing hydraulic, rr.et.-oro-o^it anc water  temperature data.
  Xr. Morse  is  presently ^ r;.^jl'.ir.^^^c_:*-;i v/Ich  the  Bonneville
  -Jcv/oir .-**criTi.!Ln^.s ti^rs L^-on ,  - GIT c _o.r^c ,  uir^'_G.I *

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     r* Gne~ a j-^an3 j-Ona L temperature ^r^.ai.C to-On mOGei.  naS  Deen develo

 nd tested on  the  Columbia reiver.  lY.a modal in  its  present form is
      (i)  Cross-occcicnal chc_^cccri.i t^c.s 3 including wacer surface
          \-7idch  and  cross-3i.cc^.c,r.^_ area  ^re available.

      (2)  Adequate raeceoro-O^ic ^aja ii available.

      (3)  Water  surface e^ivacror. od.;a i3 available.

      (4)  Svaporacion c..ic sensible n^a^ flux can.  be evaluated in
          terras  of rcj^on.,1 vr^ather aata  and the  results  of representa-
          tive field _,c^aioo.

      (5)  Lateral and -/artioal v^rlc-tions in temperature  are negligible.

      (6)  The flow can be consiueru^. caasi-s teady.

     Punched cards containing the 7 C. \1Iw-X statements shox>7n in Appendix C

can be obtained  from the Y.-.-J^j  Xortnv/cst Regional Office,  Portland,

Oregon.  The program can also ba ^xoe^ced directly from  the FHTCA data

cell at  the Departmenc of the Interior Computer Center in Washington, D.

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      j. n e A. ma i.  i o ac ^  irrt.^ o ^ ^^  u^^~- _ — \ ^ r ^j  ab a  resuj.^ o A.  ii.ec*. e rejection





  .orn menu^accurm^  a^.^. p ^. .;>_.*,  ^^.-^^-^-^ _^ -...(.^us^iT-^eSj  j_rrt.poun^rnen«- ^y





  *..tnD^  C*l.lU  J.i.iJ_^TC*.ta,^-vJti. ^_^_V^.	-^ — ^/kt ^^i— ', •»—  ....—^w.1— ^'— »iii->l^A.C«.i_^-«-4.t^ Ctti. J-iilJ^X Wi-tLiU. ViOkL.^.*.
















                                                                     i ~ s " r a e "* o n





l\or thwes t  Regional  Ci~~lco_>  is aev e,.^_jinj a coir.pueerized sys ten:.. 01










reservoirs.






                                                                            ^  ^



uor  preeiecmg ceiuperajur^^  m riv — _s ^.n^ea  are reguiaced oy  darris wj_a\





r^-.n— or-cne^ri-ver^, or s,v.^._^  ^^^--'_<- ^ *_ore^„ capacj-cy reservoirs j anc \.jnien





ruay  also have reaches  whlcn  ar^. Jr^u-Jlov/ing.





      In the river-run  n;oe^^^  ^"_;._j^  vo-urr.cs  01  waeer,  or water parcels3





c.r e  r e i eas ec  rror.i an up o - r c:a.v. ^ ^^.r - — n ,^  pome  at sp ec i r i ec m eervais or





                                            .ownstrcam ehrou^h reservoirs  and
open  river reache
flow  re^ula tion,
                                            parcel  ceiuperature due  to weathe




                                           are predicted .

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      .i.ne rTiOce^ cove*.o~3ir.^t.t  ~^r^
                                                      ^xT j. cTJip CTTci. w U-j^
   :orporatec, with cne  2;
.liver  Thermal Zffecus S
program.,  is to pro vie a


crature rej^irr.e  o^-  tn^_ rr.c.m  ^ ^.^




river's ecology, partic^ar-'/




-fishery.




      Dur
                                        ;^ vv^^iccion efforts  have been
                                               n  c/ic ScuGy3  2.  uv-7 o — y o ^ r
                                              j- G IT  c ^ e e v s. -^ ^j 
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                                                   u.rpc s e  or predicting  t eruper ~

acures in rivers \vmen  are r >^0v--acoa  oy aa^s wien  srn.3.11  storage  c3.pc.cLzy,

1C  IS  dSSenClciJ. COr aO j j_ICa ClOn. a C  ^.-.^ *AOC. i l. Uric4, u  tt"l£ C^TOSS — SGCul.Oi1C.J,

cnc*iTci.c L^X"j.s uxC6 on  CiTic  ^TL_\'^ir  o^, r.,i-v^n .   j u^r criC^'jrfkOjTc3  L.c  nss bccn  3.ssur^uCi

chac:

      (1) Til a prototype  io  ch^r.;^,ily w'cll-:rLixed vertically
          ar^d laterally.

      /o\  -  ^ -» '  i_ ji _-  --_•"'   *  _    •  _: -       •         v      •*  41
      V,'-^  JLtUj.i^j.w'UG.^ttct^.  C^	^.^_-^_'.. ^. ,-^,  >-^.L._v^:i.i>^wi.x v«c**i uC i^U^j-C^Ut-tCi

      ^ ji y  j. n e w c. L. e r s "e r — ^ ^ c < -  ^ ~ j	,	^ ^ >	\ >' c c..  o c r.^ o — s c*. i_ "i^n c .	o i i
           or iong3_C"J.G^-1"!^j,  >-_.j cc.,~vv- —  o.\j_y.   ^',',a cer surracG pro11. j.e  reLers
           lo tne s :i r" o  e -  c.-^ v^ ie"_" ^u r^ece  as s cer; ^.n a lor.^i. tucinal
           section  ar.e eo^o no c  ^.. p-_y  a.": a^joiute suriace eievatron.

      \,4;  Weacner  da ta  ^rc:;. a  rt^r^ocn j^txve s tation  is  adecua te  lor
           cescri.oxn^  ccr*u^ _!^ c_*s <_»j-on^/  a speci.jLj.eG  porej_on  or tn.e  rj_vcr.

                                   coer -j*-. :,„•„.". j!J.  can be  used no  eva j_uu tc- neat
                                                            ce.

           Longi cucir.al van. a cicn^  la  croo o-sec c ion a I  character is tics
           are imp or can o  cn^v  —n z o ^zar  as  t ney e r r ec t t ne  wa cer velocity.

     Given  the above  asju;;,o clcns  c^:..^>eracure changes can be predicted
     wnere
                                                        water veoci
                                            .c'-^^c  neat  o£ water
                                                   o£ wacer

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•Y
                                                               0"J :~

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         (2)   Qr - shore \.-aYc refine j^ aolar  radiacion


         / ^ \   ,-,               '         - -
         v.J;   s;a - -£•:  ac^G^p^ir^c  r^_;.i.cr.



         (4)   Q-u, - bach, or ^.v.l^.u.^ r^.:._^ciori  from the wacer surface








         ^o^   QQ ~ ser.si-G^e a^a_  cGaa^cd-Gr^












   Lin tac  raoaelj  che r.c^ haac ^-^x,  C,  caa i;e expressed as  either



j.inear or  parabolic iar.c^_G.". or  c:.^  ,/^.cer  ^err.peracure3 T.   The r:\Gce



                   so C-^u-c e_^ticr ~<— ac nca CuTi. oe cnosen,  nov/ever.



                     inaica;es eaac a.^u ^_aear 1'unction. is adecuate .
   r o
                                             ^  -.,    *«* o
                                                              (5.5)

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      Finally,  if cr;e





3XOOS UTc CLulC 3  ^ C~ Z - /
L c 1 e 3  U ( x j t) 5  is  kr. ovra 5   en e




:roni  the  equation:







                         (3.3)
                                                    - e. cc.rrn.ineG  i r ora e i en er
 _C ac* ClOTt 3.1) OT o . / .
                                                                    wiu'a  the

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     flux,  Q,  ar.d t
Ts  aua  so^.1-  e cc...-i>
                                           scation wich weather  typical
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tne
               V- i»O. -_ c^L
                                                  o   che river system
               w.i ^r.
                                           a ci.cua  cover as
          a ^
                                                  (2)

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                                   ^Tci t LLl'C O £ uuc
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