STATE OF NEW MEXICO
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS SUMMARY
FEBRUARY 1970
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
NEW MEXICO
WATER QUALITY BOARD
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PREFACE
This summary is intended for use by those who have an interest
in the water quality standards of the State of New Mexico.
The information contained herein has been summarized from six
documents and amendments thereto prepared under the direction
of the New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission. These
documents, dated June 1967 and subsequent amendments, have
been approved as official State and Federal Water Quality Standards
by the Secretary of the Interior and have the following titles:
1. "Implementation and Enforcement Plan for Water Quality
Control in New Mexico."
2. "W_ater Quality Standards for the San Juan, La Plata, and
Animas Rivers in New Mexico."
3. "Water Quality Standards for the Gila and San Francisco
River in New Mexico."
4, "Water Quality Standards for the Rio Grande in New Mexico."
5. "Water Quality Standards for the Pecos River in New Mexico."
6. "Water Quality Standards for the Canadian River in New
Mexico."
A summarization of this type, of necessity, omits some details.
For more detailed' information the user should refer to the com-
plete text of the documents cited and amendments thereto or the
New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission.
February 1970
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CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 1
Water Uses 3
Water Quality Standards 7
Implementation Plan 20
Definition of Terms 26
State and Federal Agency Addresses 29
TABLES
I. Water Use Designations 5
II. Water Quality Standards 18
FIGURES
I. State of New Mexico
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SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
FOR
THE INTERSTATE WATERS OF NEW MEXICO
INTRODUCTION
Congress authorized the establishment of water quality standards
for interstate (including coastal) water by passage of the Water
Quality Act of 1965. The purpose of these standards is to protect
and enhance the quality and productivity of the Nation's interstate
waters to serve a variety of beneficial uses, such as public water
supply, recreation and protection of aquatic life, and industrial
and agricultural uses. This publication summarizes the standards
for the general information of the American public and Federal,
State, and local officials as to the uses and associated require-
ments for interstate waterways in New Mexico.
The Act, which amended the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act, provided for the States to have the first opportunity to es-
tablish standards for their interstate waters, which were then
subject to review and approval by the Secretary of the Interior.
All of the States, the District of Columbia and the Territories
of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands participated in this
landmark effort to set standards. In the course of establishing
the standards, public hearings were held by the States and other
jurisdictions noted above to give the public an opportunity to
participate in setting water quality objectives and standards.
New Mexico adopted standards for its interstate waters on June
7, 1967, which were then submitted to the Department of the In-
terior. Subsequently, certain revisions were made by the State
in the original standards, and the Secretary of the Interior approved
the standards, as revised on July 9, 1968, with certain exceptions.
At the request of the Secretary of the Interior, New Mexico adopted
a policy to protect its high quality interstate waters, and revised
all other criteria excepted from approval.
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The Secretary of the Interior totally approved New Mexico's
Water Quality Standards as Federal standards by his letter of
August 21, 1969. The approved standards are thus both State and
Federal standards. Protection of the standards is achieved under
the New Mexico water pollution control statutes, the New Mexico
Water Quality Act, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
as amended (Section 10). The waters for which standards were
adopted are shown on the map in Figure I.
The standards consist of three major components: designations
of the uses which interstate waters are to serve, specification
of narrative and numerical criteria to protect and enhance water
quality, and specification of a plan of implementation and enforce-
ment, which includes treatment and control requirements for
municipal, industrial, and other waste discharged to or affecting
interstate waters. These components are discussed in the following
sections; all three are essential to a complete standards program.
The standards are now being implemented. However, there will
be continuing research on water quality requirements for various
beneficial uses and improved collection and evaluation of water
quality data. As more information becomes available and ex-
perience with implementing the standards is gained the standards
will be refined and improved to reflect this new knowledge.
Should more detailed information be required on any aspect of
the standards, it may be obtained from the New Mexico Water
Quality Control Commission or the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration Regional Office in Dallas, Texas. Constituent
agencies of the New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission
are the State Game and Fish Department, the Oil Conservation
Commission, the State Engineer Office and Interstate Stream
CommJssion, the State Department of Agriculture, the Parks and
Recreation Commission, and the Health and Social Services De-
partment. The addresses of these agencies are provided on page
33.
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WATER USES
All beneficial uses are allowed. Certain reaches are designated
for higher standards to protect fishing and recreation. Existing
water uses in the State of New Mexico include: agriculture and
livestock; municipal and rural domestic uses; fish, wildlife and
recreation; industrial and m'.litary applications; evaporation from
streams, rivers, adjacent uncultivated lands, and stock ponds;
transpiration from native vegetation; and nonbeneficial uses, such
as, willows, cottonwood trees, and salt cedars. Synoptic use-
designations for the interstate waters covered by the New Mexico
Standards are provided in Table I,
The general aim in designating uses for particular interstate
waters is to recognize present uses and practicable future uses,
to provide where possible for a variety of uses. In order to satisfy
the intent of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to enhance
water quality, the standards specifically provide that no inter-
state waters may be used solely or primarily for waste assimila-
tion.
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MAJOR INTERSTATE WATERS
i
STATE
FIGURE I
of NEW MEXICO
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TABLE I
INTERSTATE STREAM
SAN JUAN RIVER BASIN
STREAM:
NAVAJO RESERVOIR IN NEW MEXICO
THE MAIN STEM OF THE SAN JUAN RIVER FROM
NAVAJO DAM DOWNSTREAM TO N. M HIGHWAY 17 AT
BLANCO, NEW MEXICO, 8 THE MAIN STEM OF THE
ANIMAS RIVER FROM THt NEW MEXICO - COLORADO
LINE DOWNSTREAM TO U.S. HIGHWAY 550 AT AZTEC,
NEW MEXICO, a THE LOS PINOS a NAVAJO RIVERS
IN NEW MEXICO.
r
THE MAIN STEM OF THE SAN JUAN FROM N. M. Lj
HIGHWAY 17 AT BLANCO, NEW MEXICO DOWNSTREAM
TO THE POINT WHERE THE SAN JUAN LEAVES NEW MEXICO a RE-ENTERS
COLORADO 8 THE MAIN STEM OF THE ANIMAS RIVER FROM U.S. HIGHWAY
550 AT AZTEC, NEW MEXICO DOWNSTREAM TO ITS JUNCTION WITH THE
SAN JUAN RIVER a THE MANCOS RIVER.
GILA RIVER 8 SAN FRANCISCO
RIVER BASIN
STREAM:
THE MAIN STEM OF THE SAN FRANCISCO RIVER JN NE
STATE ROAD 12 AT RESERVE , NEW MEXICO, & THE It
WEST FORKS OF THE GILA RIVER FROM THEIR HEADWX
TO GILA HOT SPRINGS, NEW MEXICO.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE SAN FRANCISCO FROM
STATE ROAD 12 AT RESERVE, NEW MEXICO
DOWNSTREAM TO THE POINT WHERE THE SAN
FRANCISCO LEAVES NEW MEXICO a ENTERS
ARIZONA , a THE MAIN STEM OF THE GILA
RIVER FROM GILA HOT SPRINGS, NEW MEXICO
DOWNSTREAM TO WHERE IT LEAVES THE STATE
OF NEW MEXICO
W MEXICO ABOVE
kST , MIDDLE a
(TERS DOWNSTREAM
¥
./— '
RIO GRANDE BASIN
STREAM:
THE MAIN STEM OF THE RIO GRANDE & THE RIO
CHAMA FROM COCHITI 0AM UPSTREAM TO NEW MEXICO -
COLORADO LINE AT ALL FLOWS.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE RIO GRANDE FROM THE HEA
WATERS OF ELEPHANT BUTTE RESERVOIR UPSTREAM
TO COCHITI DAM.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE RIO GRANDE FROM ONE
MILE BELOW PERCHA DAM TO THE HEAD WATERS
OF ELEPHANT BUTTE RESERVOIR.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE RIO GRANDE FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY a WATER COMMISSION
SAMPLING STATION ABOVE AMERICAN DAM AT
EL PASO, TEXAS UPSTREAM TO ONE MILE BELOW P
D
M ,
f
%
-r-33
ERCHA DAM.
WATER USES
PUBLIC WATER
SUPPLY
INDUSTRIAL WATER
SUPPLY
IRRIGATION
LIVESTOCK
FISH a WILDLIFE
PROPAGATION
EVAPORATION -
TRANSPI RATION
RECREATION (which
may or may not include
body contact aquatic
sport*.)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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TABLE I
INTERSTATE STREAM
PECOS RIVER BASIN
STREAM:
THE MAIN STEM OF THE PECOS RIVER FROM
ANTON CHICO.NEW MEXICO TO THE HEAD WATERS.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE PECOS RIVER FROM
TANSIL LAKE UPSTREAM TO ANTON CHICO, NEW
MEXICO.
FROM HARROUN DAM UPSTREAM TO TANSIL LAKE.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE PECOS RIVER FROM THE
NEW MEXICO -TEXAS LINE UPSTREAM TO HARROUN
DAM.
Jl
CANADIAN RIVER BASIN
STREAM:
THE MAIN STEM OF THE CANADIAN RIVER FROM
THE NEW MEXICO -COLORADO LINE DOWNSTREAM
TO TAYLOR SPRINGS 8 FOR CHICORICA CREEK
FROM THE NEW MEXICO -COLORADO LINE
DOWNSTREAM TO LAKE ALICE DAM.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE CANADIAN RIVER FROM
TAYLOR SPRINGS DOWNSTREAM TO THE NEW
MEXICO- TEXAS LINE INCLUDING CONCHAS
RESERVOIR S LITE LAKE.
-i—*
WATER USES
PUBLIC WATER
SUPPLY
INDUSTRIAL WATER
SUPPLY
X
X
X
X
X
IRRIGATION
LIVESTOCK
FISH a WILDLIFE
PROPAGATION
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
EVAPORATION -
TRANSPI RATION
X
X
X
X
X
.X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
RECREATION (which
may or may not include
body contact aquatic
sports.)
X
X
X
X
X
X
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WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
The protection of water quality and uses requires the establish-
ment of numerical and narrative limits on pollutants which
damage these uses. Numberical standards are used wherever it
is necessary or reasonable to do so. However, narrative standards
are also necessary in some cases, particularly with respect to
aesthetic considerations.
Stream standards seek to protect the quality of the surface waters
of the State of New Mexico,, The standards specified for the various
streams are intended to accomplish the following:
1. to provide as high a quality of water as practicable for
beneficial uses.
2. to preclude pollution of the stream, and in this fashion to
enhance the quality of the stream.
3. to protect the quality of the water stored in the reservoirs
of the stream system.
It should be noted that these standards are stream standards and
not effluent standards, as samples taken for the administration
of these standards are to be collected at the mid-point of the
stream flow at locations a sufficient distance downstream from
the point of introduction of a wastewater inflow to provide for
reasonable mixing of the stream and the inflowing water. Where
stratification exists, other sampling techniques may be employed.
Sampling in reservoirs and lakes for the purpose of the standards
may be at any point in the body of the water, bat not closer than
250 feet from the point of inroduction of a water contaminant.
A reservoir or lake is considered to include all of the area flooded
when the water in the basin is at the spillway level.
The appropriation of water in the State of New Mexico is subject
to the application of water to beneficial use. The appropriative
right to water does not include the right to pollute, but concomitant
to use is the degradation of quality to some degree. Thus, inherent
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with the beneficial use of water is some deterioration of its quality.
Degradation is not considered to be readily preventable by
economical treatment methods. For those interstate waters with
a higher quality than the minimum levels assigned for protection
of water uses, the standards seek to protect this higher quality
as much as possible in the face of increasing social and economic
development. New Mexico adopted the following provision which
was approved November 19, 1968, by the Secretary of the Interior
for the protection of New Mexico's high quality waters:
Degradation of waters whose existing quality is better than
the stream standards established by the New Mexico Water
Quality Control Commission, unless justifiable as a result
of necessary economic or social development, is not reason-
able degradation and is subject to abatement under the
authority granted the Commission by the Water Quality
Act of 1967. To protect the existing quality of water, the
effluent standards established by the Commission under
that act will require the highest and best degree of effluent
treatment practicable, In implementing this paragraph, the
Commission through the appropriate regional offices of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration will
keep the Secretary of the Interior advised and provided with
such information concerning the interstate waters of New
Mexico as he will need to discharge his responsibilities
under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL 84-
660), as amended.
Insomuch as possible, the New Mexico Standards are tailored
to present water quality or that quality anticipated to result from
installation of high-degree waste treatment facilities. These stan-
dards as applied to interstate waters are outlined in Table II.
GENERAL STANDARDS
The following general standards apply to all interstate waters
in New Mexico regardless of the magnitude of flow. Detection of
an infraction of these standards in a single sample shall be suf-
ficient cause for investigation with the sources of pollution subject
to abatement in accordance with regulations of the New Mexico
Water Quality Control Commission.
1. Odor and Taste of Fish - Water contaminants shall be
limited to concentrations in the receiving water that will
not impart unpalatable flavor to fish, or result in offensive
odor arising from the stream or otherwise interfere with
the reasonable use of the water. Materials of natural
origin affecting odor and taste of fish are not subject to
this section.
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2. Floating Solids, Oil and Grease - Receiving waters shall
be free of objectionable floating solids, oils, and grease
where these materials come from other than natural
sources.
3. pH - pH of the receiving water should be within the range
6.6 to 8.6. Sudden fluctuation of pH from that normally
found at a particular sampling station shall be subject to
study. If these fluctuations of pH are considered to be
inimical to beneficial uses, sources of pollution are subject
to abatement. Changes attributed to natural causes are
not subject to this section.
4. Turbidity - Turbidity of receiving waters shall not reduce
light transmission to the point that existing aquatic life
in that section of the stream is inhibited or that will cause
substantial visible contrast with natural appearance of
water. Naturally occurring turbidity caused by silt and
suspended sediment or by the reasonable operation of irri-
gation or flood control facilities are not subject to these
regulations.
5. Color - Color of receiving waters should not create an
esthetically undesirable condition nor should color impair
the use of the water by existing aquatic life with abatement
action to be taken only where color is caused by pollution.
6. Bottom Deposits - The stream bottom shall be free of
debris and sediment of other than natural origin that will
adversely inhibit the growth of normal stream flora and
fauna or significantly alter the physical and chemical
properties of the bottom.
7. Toxic Substances - Toxic substances such as, but not
limited to, pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals, and or-
ganics, shall not be present in receiving waters in con-
centrations which will change the ecology of receiving
waters to an extent detrimental to existing forms of life
or which are toxic to human, plant, fish and animal life.
Toxicities of substances in receiving waters will be de-
termined by appropriate bioassay techniques, or other
acceptable means, for the particular form of aquatic life
which is to be preserved with the concentrations of the
toxic materials not to exceed 10 percent of the 48-hour
median tolerance limit.
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8. Radionuclides - The concentration of radioactivity will be
maintained at the lowest practical level. Radionuclides
shall not be present in receiving waters in concentrations
that are inimical to aquatic life or that will, after con-
ventional drinking water treatment, prevent meeting the
U. S. Public Health Service 1962 Drinking Water Standards
or be greater than 1/30 of the 168 hour value for other
radioactive substances specified in the "National Bureau
of Standards Handbook 69."
SPECIAL STANDARDS
In addition to the general standards, special standards have been
adopted to protect the waters of New Mexico for both existing
and for potential future uses. In addition to the quality character-
istics protected by the general standards, the most significant
criteria for a fishing water is the dissolved oxygen (DO) concen-
tration. Trout, or cold-water fish, require a higher minimum DO
than do warm-water fish. The DO concentration in water is
directly dependent upon the water temperature because the solu-
bility of oxygen decreases as the water temperature increases.
The biochemical oxygen demand is a measure of the organic
matter in solution and in suspension in the stream. Thus, the
special standards for this purpose differ from one reach to the
next, depending upon water temperature and the type of fish life
possible. Special standards are also designed to protect the waters
of these rivers for their continued use for domestic and municipal
supplies and for recreational purposes. Special standards to pro-
tect the chemical quality of the water for these same purposes
and for irrigation and industrial use are provided.
1. Temperature - Special standards under this section apply
at any point on the river's course between the indicated
stations at all times. Detection of an infraction of these
standards in a sampling period shall be sufficient cause
for investigation with the sources of pollution subject to
abatement. Deviations from the established speqial stan-
dards as a result of natural causes shall not constitute
an infraction of these standards.
a. For Trout - The temperature of lakes and streams
shall not exceed 70 degrees F. The introduction of heat
in a stream shall not increase the temperature of the
water, as measured above the point of introduction,
more than 2 degrees F., provided that this temperature
standard shall not apply to impoundments constructed
offstream or on ephemeral streams for the purpose
of heat disposal.
10
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For Warm-Water Fish - The temperature of lakes
and streams shall not exceed 93 degrees F0 The intro-
duction of heat in a stream shall not increase the
temperature of the water, as measured above the point
of introduction, more than 5 degrees F., provided that
this temperature standard shall not apply to impound-
ments constructed offstream or on ephemeral streams
for the purpose of heat disposal,,
Exceptions - Three exceptions to the above temperature
criteria and the stream reach they cover are listed
below:
(1) For the main stem of the Pecos River from the
New Mexico-Texas line upstream to Anton Chico,
New Mexico. The temperature of lakes and streams
shall not exceed 93 degrees F. The introduction
of heat in a stream shall not increase the temper-
ature of the water, as measured above the point
of introduction, more than 5 degrees F.; provided,
however, that in the reach from Tansil Lake to
Harroun Dam the introduction of heat in the stream
may increase the temperature of the water, as
measured above the point of introduction by not
more than 9 degrees F. These standards apply
at all flows.
(2) For the main stem of the Rio Grande from the
headwaters of Elephant Butte Reservoir upstream
to Cochiti Dam. Temperature of receiving waters
should not be such so as to render the water un-
suitable for beneficial use nor should the temper-
ature of the receiving water be increased so as to
result in a water pollution condition. These stan-
dards apply to all flows.
(3) For the main stem of the Rio Grande from the
International Boundary and Water Commission
sampling station above American Dam at El Paso,
Texas upstream to one mile below Percha Dam.
Temperature of receiving waters should not be
such so as to render the water unsuitable for
beneficial use nor should the temperature of the
receiving water be increased so as to result in
a water pollution condition. These standards apply
to all flows.
11
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2. Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand
a. For Trout - Materials in solution and in suspension
which exert an oxygen demand, shall not be present in
concentrations sufficient to reduce the dissolved oxygen
in the stream to 50 percent of the saturation concen-
tration or to 6,0 mg/1, whichever yields the higher
value. A lower dissolved oxygen concentration in a
single sample will be cause for investigation of the
sources of pollution by the Commission, with the source
of any pollution subject to abatement.,
b. For Warm-Water Fish - Materials in solution and in
suspension which exert an oxygen demand, shall not be
present in concentrations sufficient to reduce the dis-
solved oxygen in the stream to 50 percent of the satura-
tion concentration for longer than 8 hours per 24-hour
period for the particular stream conditions or 5.0
mg/1 whichever is the higher oxygen concentration.
A dissolved oxygen concentration below 400 mg/1 in a
single sample will be cause for investigation of the
source, with pollution subject to abatement.
c. Exceptions - The following exceptions apply to the
stream reach as shown:
(1) For Navajo Lake - Materials in solution or sus-
pension which exert an oxygen demand shall not
be present in any portion of the lake in concentra-
tions sufficient to reduce the dissolved oxygen in
the lake as measured in the epilimnion (that region
of the lake that extends from the surface to the
thermocline and does not have a permanent tem-
perature stratification) to 50 percent of the
saturation concentration or to 6.0 mg/1 whichever
yields the higher value.
(2) For the main stem of the Rio Grande from the
headwaters of Elephant Butte Reservoir upstream
to Cochiti Dam. Materials in solution and sus-
pension which exert an oxygen demand shall not
be present in concentrations which will deplete the
dissolved oxygen in the stream to a point that
water pollution exists. These standards apply to
all flows.
(3) For the main stem of the Rio Grande from the
International Boundary and Water Commission
sampling station above American Dam at El Paso,
Texas upstream to one mile below Percha Dam.
Tne average BOD as determined during any 3-day
sampling period shall not exceed 10 mg/1. A 3-day
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sampling period is three consecutive days during
which samples are collected at 4-hour intervals
and composited in proportion to flow into a daily
sample which is analyzed for the particular con-
stituent. The average dissolved oxygen concentra-
tion in the stream shall not be less than 5.0 mg/1
during any one-day sampling period,, A one-day
sampling period is any 24-hour period during
which samples are collected at one-hour intervals
for analysis for a particular constituent. This
standard applies at times when the flow in the
river equals or exceeds 350 cfs at El Paso.
Fecal Coliform Bacteria* - Five consecutive daily stream
samples collected under similar conditions shall not exceed
the values set at designated flows measured in cubic feet
per second (cfs) for the stream reach as shown in Table II.
It should be noted that geometric average is designated on
stream reaches, where body contact recreation uses are
to be protected and arithmetic on other stream reaches.
Dissolved Ionic Constituents - The Commission will make
every practical effort to limit the degree of degradation
resulting from an increase in the dissolved ionic con-
stituents of the waters.
a. Main stem of the San Juan, La Plata, Animas, San
Francisco, and Gila Rivers - Reasonable degradation
of water quality resulting from beneficial use shall be
allowed. The Commission will, however, make every
effort to lim't the degree of degradation resulting from
an increase in the dissolved ionic constituents of the
waters within the specific reach. Full consideration
will be given to all practical methods within the current
technology to limit, control and/or reduce the degree
and nature of the deterioration. Future development
and utilization of these water resources for expansion
of irrigated agriculture, increases in population, and
industrial growth will be accompanied by progressive
increases in consumptive losses of water and attendant
increases in concentration of dissolved solids.
*As determined by any method prescribed in the most current
edition of "Standard Methods".
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b0 Rio Grande - Relatively long-term records of chemical
analysis are available for six points on the main stem
of the Rio Grande in New Mexico, with the principal
sources of this information being the U0 S. Geological
Survey and the International Boundary and Water Com-
mission. These analyses are for a number of con-
stituents but the most important for chemical quality
control purposes are the common cations and anions,
with chlorides and sulfates usually the principal anion
constituents. It will be possible to monitor the river
for pollution by establishing standards for these two
anions and for total dissolved solids at points along
the river for which records are available. At very low
flows, the concentration of some of the chemical con-
stituents is quite high and quite variable but these flows
represent a relatively small part of the total water
supply of the river. To allow for these low flow periods,
the standards are not imposed below certain flows.
Because of the regulation of the flow of the Rio
Grande by dams and reservoirs, the experience at
many of the stations is that either relatively high flows
exist or that there is virtually no flow.
Special standards for this purpose apply only to samples
collected at the station indicated and only for periods
during which the monthly average flow equaled or ex-
ceeded the indicated minim am. Samples shall be
collected and analyzed in a manner similar to that used
by the agency which has maintained the indicated sta-
tion in the past. The Commission will initiate an in-
vestigation to determine the source of pollution should
the conditions required by the special standards in this
section not be met during more than one calendar
month in any water year, with any pollution found sub-
ject to abatement.
(1) For the main stem of the Rio Grande in New
Mexico above the U. S. Geological Survey sampling
station at Otowi Bridge. These standards shall
not apply during months when the average monthly
flow falls below 100 cfs at Otowi Bridge.
(a) Chlorides - The monthly average concentra-
tion of chlorides shall not exceed 25 mg/1 as
determined by chemical analysis of the sam-
ples collected at the U0 S0 Geological Survey
gaging station at Otowi Bridge, New Mexico.
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(b) Sulfates - The monthly average concentration
of sulfates shall not exceed 150 mg/1 as de-
termined by chemical analysis of the samples
collected at the U0 S. Geological Survey
gaging station at Otowi Bridge, New Mexico.
(c) Total Dissolved Solids - The monthly average
concentration of total dissolved solids shall
not exceed 500 mg/1 as determined by chemi-
cal analysis of the samples collected at the
U. S. Geological Survey gaging station at
Otowi Bridge, New Mexico.
(2) For the main stem of the Rio Grande from Otowi
Bridge downstream to the U_ S. Geological Survey
sampling station at San Marcial, New Mexico.
These standards shall not apply during months
when the average monthly flow falls below 100 cfs
at San Marcial,,
(a) Chlorides - The monthly average concentra-
tion of chlorides shall not exceed 250 mg/1
as determined by chemical analysis of samples
collected at the U. S. Geological Survey gaging
station at San Marcial, New Mexico,,
(b) Sulfates - The monthly average concentration
of sulfates shall not exceed 500 mg/1 as de-
termined by chemical analysis of the samples
collected at the U. S. Geological Survey gaging
station at San Marcial, New Mexico.
(c) Total Dissolved Solids - The monthly average
concentration of total dissolved solids shall
not exceed 1,500 mg/1 as determined by
samples collected at the U. S. Geological
Survey gaging station at San Marcial, New
Mexico.
15
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(3) For the main stem of the Rio Grande from San
Marcial downstream to the International Boundary
and Water Commission sampling station above
American Dam at El Paso, Texas (reported as the
Rio Grande at El Paso). These standards shall
not apply during months when the average monthly
flow falls below 350 cfs at the International Boun-
dary Commission sampling station above American
Dam.
(a) Chlorides - The monthly average concentra-
tion of chlorides shall not exceed 400 mg/1
as determined by chemical analysis of the
samples collected by the International Boun-
dary and Water Commission at the El Paso,
Texas sampling point.
(b) Sulfates - The monthly averageconcentration of
sulfates shall not exceed 500 mg/1 as determined
by chemical analysis of the samples collected by
International Boundary and Water Commission
at their El Paso, Texas sampling point.
(c) Total Dissolved Solids - The monthly average
concentration of total dissolved solids shall
not exceed 2000 mg/1 as determined by
chemical analysis of the samples collected
by International Boundary and Water Com-
mission at their El Paso, Texas sampling
point.
c. Pecos River - There is a general degradation in the
chemical quality of water as it is used, or when water
water is stored for future uses and for recreational
purposes; this degradation becoming more noticable
as the river proceeds downstream. Special standards
to protect the chemical quality must be related to
points where sampling stations have been maintained
for long periods of time. For this reason the river is
divided into separate reaches for special standards
related to these characteristics.
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Relatively long-term records of chemical analysis are
available for five points on the main stem of the Pecos
River in New Mexico with the principal source of this
information being the U. S. Geological Survey. These
analyses are for a number of constituents bat the most
important for chemical quality control purposes are
the common cations and anions, with chlorides and
sulfates usually the principal anion constituents. It will
be possible to monitor the river for pollution by es-
tablishing standards for these two anions and for total
dissolved solids at points along the river for which
records are available. At very low flows, the concen-
tration of some of the chemical constituents is quite
high and quite variable, but these flows represent a
relatively small part of the total water supply of the
river. Because of its hydrologic nature and because
of the regulation of the flows of the Pecos River by
dams and reservoirs, the experience at many points on
the river is that either relatively high flows exist or
that there is virtually no flow in the stream. To allow
for these'low flow periods, and to protect the quality
of the stream at high flows, the standards for chlorides,
sulfates, and total dissolved solids have been formulated
in terms of mathematical relationships between flow
and the concentration of the particular constituent. The
special equations for determination of the stream
reaches of the Pecos River have been intentionally
omitted so as to prevent any misunderstanding. Those
people interested in the chlorides, sulfates, and total
dissolved solids criteria should contact either the
State or Federal agency listed on the last page of this
booklet.
d0 Canadian River - Reasonable degradation of water
quality resulting from beneficial use shall be allowed.
The Commission will, however, make every effort to
limit the degree of degradation resulting from an
increase in the dissolved ionic constituents of the
waters within the specific reach. Full consideration
will be given to all practical methods within the cur-
rent technology to limit, control and/or reduce the
degree and nature of the deterioration. Because of
recently constructed projects, the uncertain nature of
proposed uses and the limited and incomplete basic
data concerning total dissolved solids, sulfates, and
chlorides suitable predictive values are now available
at this time. When suitable answers and data are
available, numerical values for total dissolved solids,
sulfates, and chlorides will be established.
17
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TABLE H
INTERSTATE STREAM
SAN JUAN RIVER BASIN
STREAM:
NAVAJO RESERVOIR IN NEW MEXICO
THE MAIN STEM OF THE SAN JUAN RIVER FROM
NAVAJO DAM DOWNSTREAM TO N M HIGHWAY 17 AT
BLANCO, NEW MEXICO, 8 THE MAIN STEM OF THE
ANIMAS RIVER FROM THE NEW MEXICO- COLORADO
LINE DOWNSTREAM TO U.S HIGHWAY 550 AT AZTEC,
NEW MEXICO, 8 THE LOS PINOS a NAVAJO RIVER
IN NEW MEXICO.
p
THE MAIN STEM OF THE SAN JUAN FROM N M. Lj
HIGHWAY 17 AT BLANCO, NEW MEXICO DOWNSTREAM
TO THE POINT WHERE THE SAN JUAN LEAVES NEW MEXICO 8 RE-ENTERS
COLORADO a THE MAIN STEM OF THE ANIMAS RIVER FROM U.S. HIGHWAY
550 AT AZTEC, NEW MEXICO DOWNSTREAM TO ITS JUNCTION WITH THE
SAN JUAN RIVER 8 THE MANCOS RIVER.
GILA RIVER S SAN FRANCISCO
RIVER BASIN
STREAM:
THE MAIN STEM OF THE SAN FRANCISCO RIVER IN NE
STATE ROAD 12 AT RESERVE, NEW MEXICO, 8 THE U
WEST FORKS OF THE GILA RIVER FROM THEIR HEADW/
TO GILA HOT SPRINGS, NEW MEXICO.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE SAN FRANCISCO FROM
STATE ROAD \Z AT RESERVE, NEW MEXICO
DOWNSTREAM TO THE POINT WHERE THE SAN
FRANCISCO LEAVES NEW MEXICO 8 ENTERS
ARIZONA , 8 THE MAIN STEM OF THE GtLA
RIVER FROM GILA HOT SPRINGS, NEW MEXICO
DOWNSTREAM TO WHERE IT LEAVES THE STATE
OF NEW MEXICO.
W MEXICO ABOVE
tST , MIDDLE 8
HERS DOWNSTREAM
¥
_^
RIO GRANDE BASIN
STREAM.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE RIO GRANDE 8 THE RIO
CHAMA FRO"M COCHITI DAM UPSTREAM TO NEW MEXICO -
COLORADO LINE AT ALL FLOWS.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE RIO GRANDE FROM THE HE*
WATERS OF ELEPHANT BUTTE RESERVOIR UPSTREAM
TO COCHITI DAM.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE RIO GRANDE FROM ONE
MILE BELOW PERCHA DAM TO THE HEAD WATERS
OF ELEPHANT BUTTE RESERVOIR.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE RIO GRANDE FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY a WATER COMMISSION
SAMPLING STATION ABOVE AMERICAN DAM AT
EL PASO, TEXAS UPSTREAM TO ONE MILE BELOW F
tD
Ji -
t_
>ERCHA DAM.
* STANDARDS
TEMPERATURE
|
O
g
U.
0
8
X
X
X
2'F MAX INCREASE
5°F MAX. INCREASE
9* FT MAX. INCREASE
DISSOLVED
OXYGEN
MIN. OF 50% SAT.
PROVIDED THE VAIVE
IS NOT LOWER THAN
mg/l
X
X
X
6.0
6.0
5.0
BACTERIA
FECAL COLIFORM)
200/100 ml
GEOMETRIC AVG.
X
2,000/IOOml
ARITHMETIC AVG.
X
9.0OO/IOO ml
ARITHMETIC AVG.
X
pH
IO
00
o
i-
u>
u>
MINERAL
SEE
NARRATIVE
STANDARDS
OTHER
SEE
GENERAL
STANDARDS
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6.0
5.0
X
X
SEE
PAGE
It
X
X
SEE
PAGE
II
6.0
SEE
PAGE
12
5.0
5.0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
>330
eft
X
X
<350
Cfl
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
18
NOTE! The General Standards are an integral
part of these requirements.
-------
TABLE
INTERSTATE STREAM
PECOS RIVER BASIN
STREAM.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE PECOS RIVER FROM
ANTON CHICO, NEW MEXICO TO THE HEAD WATERS.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE PECOS RIVER FROM
TANSIL LAKE UPSTREAM TO ANTON CHICO, NEW
MEXICO.
FROM HARROUN DAM UPSTREAM TO TANSIL LAKE.
THE MAIN STEM OF THE PECOS RtVER FROM THE
NEW MEXICO - TEXAS LINE UPSTREAM TO HARROUN
DAM.
J.
CANADIAN RIVER BASIN
STREAM:
THE MAIN STEM OF THE CANADIAN RIVER FROM
THE NEW MEXICO- COLORADO LINE DOWNSTREAM
TO TAYLOR SPRINGS a FOR CHICORICA CREEK
FROM THE NEW MEXICO- COLORADO LINE
DOWNSTREAM TO LAKE ALICE DAM
THE MAIN STEM OF THE CANADIAN RIVER FROM
TAYLOR SPRINGS DOWNSTREAM TO THE NEW
MEXICO -TEXAS LINE INCLUDING CONCHAS
RESERVOIR 8 UTE LAKE.
-r— J
-
^STANDARDS
TEMPERATURE
X
i
u.
o
R
X
g
Z
u:
o
ro
0>
2°F MAX. INCREASE
UJ
CO
li-
9° IT MAX. INCREASE
DISSOLVED
OXYGEN
MIN. OF 50% SAT.
PROVIDED THE VALVE
IS NOT l£WER THAN
mg/l.
BACTERIA
(FECAL COUFORM) pH
200/100 ml
GEOMETRIC AVG.
2,000/roo qti
AWITffMETIC AVO
5,000/100 ml
ARITHMETIC AVG.
CD
CO
o
1-
co
to
MINERAL
SEE
NARRATIVE
STANDARDS
OTHER
SEE
GENERAL
STANDARDS
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6.0
5.0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
NOTE! The General Standards are an integral
part of these requirements.
-------
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
The "action" plan of the standards is the plan of implementation
and enforcement. This plan sets forth the requirements for treat-
ment and/or control of all conventional municipal and industrial
waste discharges in the State which affect interstate waters,
specifies the time within which this is to be accomplished, and con-
tains programs for dealing with other water pollution control
problems. All municipal treatment plants have secondary treat-
ment* in New Maxico. All industrial wastes are to receive the
equivalent of secondary treatment or control by 1972. Information
on the requirements for any particular waste discharge may be
obtained from the New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission
or one of its constituent agencies „ Information concerning waste
discharges from facilities for the production refinement and pipe-
line transmission of oil and gas, or products thereof, is available
from the Oil Conservation Commission; Health and Social Services
Department administers other waste discharges.
As stated earlier, the New Mexico Water Quality Control Com-
mission is the official water pollution control body for the State
with constituent agencies comprised of the State Game and Fish
Department, the Oil Conservation Commission, the State Depart-
ment of Agriculture, the Parks and Recreation Commission, the
State Engineer Office and Interstate Stream Commission, and
Health and Social Services Department. By legislation, the Water
Quality Control Commission consists of the Directors of these
constituent agencies.
The Water Quality Control Commission does not have a staff,
and it has designated general duties to constituent State agencies
as follows:
1. The Health and Social Services Department - Acts as
administrative body for the Commission, keeps the re-
cords of the Commission, administers Public Law 660,
works with the Federal Water Pollution Control Adminis-
tration as a water pollution control agency, analyzes
*Commonly defined as that process or group of processes capable
of removing virtually all floating and settleable solids, generally
from 80 to 95 percent of the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand,
and a similar level of removal of suspended solids.
20
-------
samples collected by the Department and other agencies,
and files water quality data.
2. Department of Game and Fish - Enforces the Water Quality
Control Commission Regulations to prevent pollution that
affects the game and fish resources of the State.
3. Oil Conservation Commission - Controls pollution from
oil and gas production activities.
40 Department of Parks and Recreation - Enforces the Water
Quality Control Commission Regulations to prevent pollu-
tion from small marinas and boats at State park facilities.
5. State Engineer Office and Interstate Stream Commrssion -
Continue financing of water quality monitoring stations
and flow data required by the Commission.
6. Department of Agriculture - Administration of the New
Mexico Economic Poison Act, and the New Mexico Pesti-
cide Applicators Law.
The constituent agencies will strive to obtain voluntary compliance
with the standards or rules adopted by the Commission. If they
cannot obtain compliance, the problem is turned over to the Com-
mission for legal action.
Persons making discharges of waste water to the waters of the
State are asked and encouraged to monitor their discharge on a
regular basis, and to submit routine monitoring reports to the
Water Quality Control Commission. This self-monitoring may
extend to the receiving waters. Periodic checks on these waste
discharges and the receiving waters are made by county sani-
tarians who also submit reports on their findings to the Water
Quality Control Commission. Finally, the Water Quality Control
Commission makes periodic checks on the waste discharges and
the receiving waters.
The program for discharge and receiving stream monitoring may
include all or a portion of the following:
1. Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants, 1.0 million gallons
per day (mgd), or More - Daily recording of flow, settleable
solids, chlorine residual and contact time. Three-time-
weekly BOD of the effluent, fecal coliform bacteria con-
centration in the effluent (either MF or multiple tube
method), and stream tests above and below the point of
discharge (at locations to be specified by the Water Quality
Control Commission) to include DO, temperature, fecal
21
-------
coliform bacteria, and visual observations for sludge de-
posits, oil, grease, or other floating materials,,
2, Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants, Less Than 100 mgd -
Daily recording of flow, settleable solids, chlorine residual
and contact time, Once per week BOD of the effluent, fecal
coliform bacteria concentration in the effluent (either M"?
of multiple tube method), and stream tests above and
below the point of discharge (at locations to be specified
by the Water Quality Control Commission) to include DO,
temperature, fecal coliform bacteria, and visual observa-
tions for sludge deposits, oil, grease, or other floating
materials,
30 Industrial and Irrigation Waste Discharges - Monitoring
programs for industrial and irrigation waste discharges
will be designed to suit the characteristics of the waste
under question. The extent of monitoring programs will
correspond to the significance of the discharge and its
potential effect on the receiving waters0 A generalization
of the tests for various types of wastes is tablulated below:
Type Waste Discharge Tests
Organic
Mineral
Toxic
Cooling
Sand & Gravel
Oily
Flow, BOD, COD,
s s
Flow, TD3, Chlo-
rides, 804
Flow, 96-hr TLM
Others as neces-
sary
Flow, Temp.
Flow, Turbidity
Flow, Ether Sol-
uble Materials
Stream Tests
DO, Temp, visual
TDS, Cnlorides,
Stream Live Boxes
Aquarium Studies
Temp. & Chem. Anal.
Turbidity
Visual for oils
Local Health Offices - The county sanitarians inspect
waste water discharges on a routine basis, and during
these inspections make notes on plant operation and run
tests or grab samples for analyses. These inspections
are made on a weekly or monthly basis depending upon the
size and significance of the discharge. Reports summarizing
the findings of these inspections and tests are to be sub-
mitted by the sanitarians to the Health and Social Services
Department.
22
-------
5. Water Quality Control Commission - Representatives of
the Commission make inspections of all waste water dis-
charges on a routine basis, the frequency depending on the
size and significance of the discharge and on the need as
indicated by monitoring programs, reports of persons
making discharges and of county sanitarians. Significant
discharges are to be inspected at least once a year.
Additional programs for water quality control include, but are
not limited to, the following:
1. Agricultural Waste Waters - Agricultural use of water
affects stream quality through consumptive use of irrigation
return flows containing substantially all of the dissolved
ionic constituents originally present in the total flow di-
verted for irrigation. In addition to such concentration of
dissolved solids, irrigation return flows may also contain
salts leached from the soil, residue from use of fertilizers
and m;cro-contam*nants from the use of pesticides and
similar materials,,
Dissolved ionic constituents in irrigation return flows
constitute a source of degradation when these waters reach
the stream. Economically feasible means of control or
enhancement of the quality or irrigation return flows are
not currently available. However, the State of New Mexico
will cooperate whenever possible with the Federal Govern-
ment or others in meaningful programs or studies aimed
at improving the quality or irrigation return flows.
2. Economic Poisons - Control over the use of economic
poisons in New Mexico is in two principal areas. County
extension agents carry out a program to aid farmers and
ranchers in the proper use of economic poisons, thereby
minimizing possible damage to water supplies through
misuse of the economic poisons.
In addition, the New Mexico Department of Agriculture
administers two State laws concerning economic poisons. The
New Mexico Economic Poison Act requires all economic poi-
sons sold in the State to be registered and approved for
use by the New Msxico Department of Agriculture. Before
State approval is granted, the economic poison must be
registered and approved by the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture. The Act also requires proper labeling regarding
use, application, precautions, and container disposal.
23
-------
The New Mexico Pesticide Applicators Law requires all
commercial applicators of pesticides to take a test de-
monstrating their knowledge and ability to properly use
pesticides,, The law provides that the applicators must be
banded. The New Msxico Department of Agriculture grants
and revokes licenses to the applicators under the terms
of the law,
3. Fertilizers - County extension agents carry out a program
to aid farmers and ranchers intheproper use of fertilizers.
One goal of this program is to reduce the quantities of
fertilizers reaching surface waters, thereby reducing nu-
trient enrichment of these waters.
In addition, the New Mexico Department of Agriculture
administers the New Mexico Fertilizer Act which requires
that substances sold to promote plant growth must be
registered with the State, Fertilizers must be properly
labeled as to content.
40 Land Erosion - In New Mexico, one of the principal pro-
blems of water quality is that associated with land erosion.
Daring periods of high runoff, eroding land contributes to
sedimentation of streams with consequent high suspended
solids content and turbidity. A namber of State and Federal
agencies have active programs to control land erosion
and stream sedimentation. These programs employ a wide
variety of land treatment and management practices. Some
of these methods include grass seeding; brush control to
reduce competition with soil holding grasses; soil stabili-
zation through ripping, furrowing, and check dams; pre-
vention of destructive grazing, including fencing;
reforestation; detention dams for controlled releases of
runoff water; gully dikes; small watershed dams; terracing;
and bank protection and stabilization.
50 Other programs to improve water qaality include:
a. Malaga Bend Project - Approximately 20 miles south
of Carlsbad, several natural springs add brine to the
Pecos River. This project consists of pumping brine
from the underground formation into an evaporation
pond to reduce the brine inflow to the river.
b0 Pecos River Basin Non-Beneficial Consumptive Use
Reduction Program - This is a program to remove
24
-------
salt-cedars from land bordering the Pecos River to
conserve water for beneficial uses downstream,
Rio Grande Water Salvage Project - This project
initially consisted of rehabilitating irrigation and drain-
age systems, river channelization, and levee improve-
ments. Later, it was expanded to include the removal
of salt-cedars from land bordering the Rio Grande.
O'.l and Gas Field Pollution Control - The Oil Con-
servation Commission is responsible for administering
State laws, rules and regulations regarding the pre-
vention of water pollution which nr'ght be a result of
oil and gas operations.
Pollution Affecting Game and Fish - The State Game
Commission and Department of Game and Fish are
responsible for the protection and enhancement of
wildlife and their habitat, especially the waters of the
State,
25
-------
DEFINITION OF TERMS
For the purposes of these standards, the terms employed are
to be interpreted in light of their context in the standards and
their most obvious implication, unless otherwise specifically de-
fined in the text. The folio wing terms have been given more specific
definitions:
10 Pollution - Water pollution means introducing or per-
mitting the introduction into water, either directly or in-
directly, of one or more water contaminants in such quantity
and of such duration as will with reasonable probability
injure human health, animal or plant life, or property, or
to unreasonably interfere with the public welfare or the
use of property.
20 Water Contaminant - Water contaminant means any sub-
stance which alters the physical, chemical or biological
qualities of water.
30 Wastes - Wastes means sewage, industrial wastes or any
other liqaid, gaseous or solid substance which will pollute
any waters of the State.
4. Degradation - Degradation is used to describe the de-
terioration of water quality which results through beneficial
uses, but which is not readily preventable by economical
treatment methods.
5» Treatment Works - Treatment works means any plant or
other works for the purpose of treating, stabilizing or
holding wastes „
60 Conventional Waste-Water Treatment - Conventional waste-
water treatment means one of the many economically
feasible waste-water treatment techniques which have been
evolved through engineering practice,,
70 Natural - Natural means nat resultingfrom-mn's activities.
o '
8. Dissolved Ionic Constituents - This term is used to imply
the filterable inorganic substances dissolved in water. For
practical purposes, it is taken to be equivalent to the total
26
-------
dissolved solids content of a water as determined by the
filterable residue test described on page 245 of the twelfth
edition of "Standards Methods for the Examination of
Water and Waste-Water."
9. Sampling Period - A sampling period is the time interval
specified in the language of a particular standard over
which samples are to be collected for analysis for the
detection of an infraction of the particular standard,,
10. BOD - 5-day, 20 degrees C, biochemical oxygen demand
in mg/1 as determined by the dilution bottle technique
described in most current edition of "Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Waste-Water," published
by the American Public Health Association.
11. DO - Dissolved oxygen concentration in mg/1 as deter-
mined by the unmodified Winkler technique as described
in the most current edition of "Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Waste-Water," or by an ap-
propriate modification of the Winkler method as described
in that text.
12. M?N Technique - A method used to evaluate the most
probable number of coliform bacteria in a unit volume of
water; for techniques, see the most current edition of
"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Waste-Water."
13. mg/1 - Milligrams per liter; equivalent to parts per
million (ppm) for waters with a specific gravity of one.
14. Main Stem of the Rio Grande - The main Rio Grande
channel from the International Boundary and Water Com-
missions sampling station above the American Diversion
Dam at El Paso, Texas, upstream to where the Rio Grande
crosses the New Maxico-Colorado line. The term main
stem does not include diversion canals or drain ditches,
but does include the flow in the Rio Grande in conveyance
channels.
15. MDnthly Average Concentration - The monthly average
concentration is the mean value of analytical values ob-
27
-------
tained for samples collected during any calendar month
when samples representative of each day of the month have
been collected and analyzed.
16. Monthly Flow Weighted Average Concentration - The
monthly flow weighted average concentration is deter-
mined from monthly composites made by taking from each
independent water sample an amount of water volumetri-
cally proportional to the river flow represented by that
sample.
28
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STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCY ADDRESSES
A. STATE
New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission
P. (X BOX 2348
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
Attn: Water & Liquid Waste Section
New Mexico Health & Social Services Department
P. (X BOX 2348
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
State Engineer & Interstate Stream Commission
State Capitol Building
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
Department of Game and Fish
State Capitol Building
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
Oil Conservation Commission
Land Office Building
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
Department of Agriculture
c/o New Mexico State University
Las Cruces, New Mexico 88001
State Parks and Recreation Commission
141 E,, DeVargas Street
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
B. FEDERAL
South Central Region
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
1402 Elm Street, 3rd Floor
Dallas, Texas 75202
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Department of the Interior
Washington, D. C. 20242
29
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