DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR




FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION ADMINISTRATION
            PUBLIC HEARING




            OCTOBER 8, 1968




             MOODY CENTER




           GALVESTON,  TEXAS

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                    ERRATUM






   Page number 279 was inadvertently omitted in numbering




the pages,  'ihe text is correct as presented.

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MR. GALEGAR:  GOOD MORNING.  SHALL WE BRING THE MEETING
       TO ORDER?
               I AM WILLIAM C. GALEGAR, THE REGIONAL
       DIRECTOR OF THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION AND CON-
       TROL ADMINISTRATION WHO WILL ACT AS YOUR CHAIRMAN
       FOR THIS PUBLIC MEETING.
               AS THE FIRST ITEM OF BUSINESS I WOULD
       LIKE TO INTRODUCE TO YOU THE PANEL MEMEBERS THAT
       I AM HONORED TO SIT WITH.
               ON MY RIGHT IS MR. HUGH YANTIS, WHO WILL
       SIT NOT ONLY AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TEXAS
       WATER QUALITY BOARD BUT ALSO AS CO-CHAIRMAN OF
       THIS MEETING.
               ON HIS RIGHT IS MR. MARVIN WOOD, WHO IS
       THE LABORATORY DIRECTOR OF THE ROBERT S. KERR
       WATER RESEARCH CENTER LOCATED AT ADA, OKLAHOMA,
       WHICH IS ALSO ONE OF THE INSTITUTES OF THE FEDERAL
       WATER POLLUTION AND CONTROL ADMINISTRATION.
               ON MY LEFT IS MR. JOHN SMOUSE, WHO IS
       THE DEPUTY REGIONAL DIRECTOR FOR THE SOUTH CEN-
       TRAL REGION OF THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CON-
       TROL ADMINISTRATION LOCATED IN DALLAS, TEXAS.

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        ON HIS LEFT  IS MR.  JOE  SORRELS,  STAFF




MEMBER TO MR. HUGH YANTIS AND A MEMBER  OF THE




TEXAS WATER QUALITY  BOARD,  STATE OF  TEXAS.




THESE ARE THE PANEL  MEMBERS.




        THIS IS A MEETING TO DISCUSS  ONE OF




MAN'S MOST VITAL RESOURCES.  MOST REASONABLE  MEN




WILL AGREE THAT THERE  IS A  NECESSITY  FOR PROTECT-




ING THE QUALITY OF OUR WATER; THAT IS,  THE  BASIS




FOR THE WISE UTILIZATION OF THE RESOURCE FOR  THE




BENEFIT OF ALL OF THE  PEOPLE.   OF ALL OF THE




BODIES OF WATER USED BY MAN WE  HAVE  PROBABLY  PAID





THE LEAST ATTENTION  TO THE  COASTAL ZONES,  POSSI-




BLY BECAUSE THEY ARE AT THE VERY EDGES  OF THE




SEAS, WHICH SEEM SO  VAST AND INDESTRUCTIBLE AND




EVEN POSSIBLY BECAUSE  WE HAVE SEEN PREOCCUPIED




WITH THE CLEANUP OF  OUR RIVERS  AND BASINS FROM




THE POLLUTION EFFORTS  WHICH MAN HAS  SO  DESTRUC-




TIVE LY USED.




        CERTAINLY WE DO KNOW OF THE  IMPORTANCE




OF THE ESTAURINE AREAS AS THE BREEDING  GROUND




FOR FISH AND WILD LIFE AND  ALSO AS A CHALLENGE





TO OUR SPORTING SKILLS.

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        WE HAVE BECOME AWARE, ALSO, OF THE GREAT





POTENTIAL OF THESE AREAS FOR WATER SUPPLY, FOR





FOOD, FOR MINERALS, AS THE SOURCE OF FUEL.





        WE ARE ALSO AWARE THAT THIS POTENTIAL





MAY BE DESPOILED BY THE CARELESS ACTIVITIES OF





MAN.





        IN RECOGNITION OF THESE FACTS CONGRESS





WROTE INTO THE 1966 AMENDMENT TO THE WATER POLLU-





TION CONTROL ACT AS A DIRECTIVE TO THE SECRETARY





OF INTERIOR TO UNDERTAKE A THREE-YEAR COMPREHEN-





SIVE  STUDY OF THE NATION'S ESTAURINE AREAS.





SECTION 5 OF SUBSECTION G OF THE ACT READS:





        THE SECRETARY SHALL, IN COOPERATION WITH





THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY, SECRETARY OF AGRICUL-





TURE, THE WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL AND WITH OTHER





APPROPRIATE FEDERAL, STATE, INTERSTATE OR LOCAL





PUBLIC BODIES, PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS





AND INDIVIDUALS, CONDUCT AND PROMOTE AND ENCOUR-





AGE CONTRIBUTIONS TO A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF





THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION, INCLUDING SEDIMENTA-





TION, IN THE ESTAURIES AND ESTUARINE ZONES OF





THE UNITED STATES ON FISH AND WILDLIFE, ON

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SPORT AND COMMERCIAL FISHING, ON RECREATION,
ON WATER SUPPLY AND WATER POWER, AND ON OTHER
BENEFICIAL USES.  SUCH STUDY SHALL ALSO CONSIDER
THE EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, THE EXPLOITA-
TION OF MINERAL RESOURCES AND FOSSIL FUELS, LAND
AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, NAVIGATION, FLOOD
AND EROSION CONTROL, AND OTHER USES OF ESTUARIES
AND ESTUARINE ZONES UPON THE POLLUTION OF THE
WATERS THEREIN.
        THE ACT CONTINUES:
        IN CONDUCTING THE ABOVE STUDIES THE
SECRETARY SHALL ASSEMBLE, COORDINATE AND ORGANIZE
ALL EXISTING PERTINENT INFORMATION ON THE NATION'S
ESTUARIES AND ESTUARINE ZONES TO CARRY OUT A
PROGRAM OF INVESTIGATION AND SURVEYS TO SUPPLE-
MENT EXISTING INFORMATION IN REPRESENTATIVE
ESTUARIES AND ESTUARINE ZONES AND IDENTIFY THE
PROBLEMS AMD AREAS WHERE FURTHER RESEARCH AND
STUDY ARE REQUIRED.
        THE ACT DIRECTS THE SECRETARY TO SUBMIT
TO CONGRESS NOT LATER THAN THREE YEARS AFTER DATE
OF AN ACTION OF THE ACT--WHICH MEANS IT MUST BE

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PRESENTED TO CONGRESS BY NOVEMBER  1969.





        IT FURTHER STATES THAT REPORTS SHALL





INCLUDE, BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO; (1) ANALYSIS





OF THE IMPORTANCE OF ESTUARIES TO  THE ECONOMIC





AND SOCIAL WELL BEING OF THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED





STATES AND OF THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION UPON THE





USE AND ENJOYMENT OF SUCH ESTUARIES;





        (2)  A DISCUSSION OF MAJOR ECONOMIC,





SOCIAL AND ECOLOGICAL TRENDS OCCURRING IN THE





ESTUARINE ZONES OF THE NATION;





        AND, (3) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A COMPREHEN-





SIVE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PRESERVATION, STUDY,





USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ESTUARIES OF THE NATION





AND RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIES WHICH SHOULD BE





ASSUMED BY THE FEDERAL, STATE AND  LOCAL GOVERN-





MENTS AND BY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS.





        I HAVE GONE INTO CONSIDERABLE DETAIL FROM





TrlE ACT ITSELF TO GIVE YOU AN IDEA OF THE THINK-





ING OF CONGRESS.  AS AN AGENCY OF  THE DEPARTMENT





OF INTERIOR, THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL





ADMINISTRATION HAS BEEN DESIGNATED TO CONDUCT





THE STUDIES.  WORK HAS BEEN UNDER  WAY FOR A

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CONSIDERABLE TIME ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF  THIS





PROJECT.





        THESE PUBLIC MEETINGS ARE  BEING  HELD





THROUGHOUT THE NATION  IN AN EFFORT  TO OBTAIN  A





BROAD BASIS OF THINKING ABOUT THE  FUTURE  ROLE OF





THE ESTUARIES AND THEIR BENEFIT TO  MAN,  THE





RESOURCE THEY REPRESENT.





        A TRANSCRIPT OF THIS MEETING IS  BEING





MADE WHICH WILL BECOME PART OF THE  OVERALL REPORT





TO CONGRESS.





        WE ARE MOST APPRECIATIVE OF THE  COOPERA-





TION PROVIDED BY THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY  BOARD





AND BY THEIR EXECUTIVE SECRETARY,  MR. HUGH YANTIS,





WHO ACTS NOT ONLY AS A PANEL MEMBER BUT  ALSO  AS





THE CO-CHAIRMAN.





        WE ARE ALSO APPRECIATIVE OF THE  EFFORTS





MADE BY THE CITY OF GALVESTON AND  PARTICULARLY





MR. RAY HOOKER OF THE  GALVESTON CHAMtiER  OF COM-





MERCE, MR. JOE DICKERSON OF THE TEXAS AIR AND





WATER RESOURCES FOUNDATION AND MR.  JERRY  COLEMAN





WITH THE HOUSTON-GALVESTON AREA COUNCIL  OF GOVERN-





MENTS .

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               NOW, AT THIS TIME I  WOULD LIKE TO DEVIATE
       FROM MY NORMAL PROCEDURE; THAT IS, NORMALLY THE
       STATE OF TEXAS WOULD INTRODUCE A COMPARABLE STATE-
       MENT, BUT WE HAVE WITH US THIS MORNING A REPRESEN-
       TATIVE—FOUR REPRESENTATIVES--A REPRESENTATIVE
       OF MR. BOB ECKHARDT, MR. KEITH OZMORE IN THE
       AUDIENCE, AND WE WOULD LIKE  TO RECOGNIZE HIM AT
       THIS TIME AND WOULD LIKE TO  ALSO ASK THAT,  IF HE
       WOULD, TO COME FORWARD AND MAKE THIS STATEMENT
       FOR REPRESENTATIVE ECKHARDT.  MR. OZMORE.
MR. OZMORE:  THANK YOU, MR. GALEGAR,  AND OTHER MEMBERS
       OF THE PANEL.
               I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS THE CONGRESSMAN'S
       REGRETS THAT HE COULD NOT 6E HERE.  HE INDICATED
       THAT HE PLANNED TO BE AND WE THOUGHT CONGRESS WAS
       GOING TO RECESS LAST FRIDAY.  AS YOU POSSIBLY
       KNOW THEY ARE TRYING TO WIND UP THE BUSINESS SO
       THEY CAN ADJOURN FRIDAY.
               THIS IS A STATEMENT  BY U. S. REPRESENTA-
       TIVE BOB ECKHARDT, 8TH DISTRICT OF TEXAS, AND
       IT'S ADDRESSED TO MR. TED AUSTIN, REGIONAL
       ESTUARINE PROGRAM COORDINATOR, FEDERAL WATER

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          MR. KEITH OZMOREI


POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION,  DEPARTMENT

OF THE INTERIOR, ADA, OKLAHOMA:

        "I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE  FEDERAL

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION AND  THE

STATE OF TEXAS FOR THIS OPPORTUNITY  TO PRESENT

A STATEMENT CONCERNING POLLUTION OF  THE  GALVES-

TON BAY ESTUARY.

        "THERE ARE SEVERAL POINTS  I  WOULD LIKE

TO TOUCH UPON, AND I HOPE I DO NOT  DUPLICATE  DATA

WHICH IS TO BE PRESENTED BY OTHERS,  PARTICULARLY

MARINE BIOLOGISTS WHO HAVE MUCH  INFORMATION AT

THEIR DISPOSAL.

        "ONE FIGURE WHICH I WOULD  LIKE TO OFFER

HERE IS THE VALUE OF OUR OYSTER  FISHERY.  DURING

THE OYSTER SEASON OF 1966-1067,  OYSTERMEN HARVES-
     •
TED 3,208,571 POUNDS OF OYSTER MEATS, WORTH SOME

$1,466,010.56 AT 30ATSID1.  THIS REPRESENTED  A

1,312,429 POUND DECREASE FROM THE  AMOUNT HARVES-

TED IN THE PREVIOUS YEAR.  THIS  HARVEST  WAS

TAKEN FROM 58 PERCENT OF THE GALVESTON SAY  ESTUARY,

WITH THE REMAINING 42 PERCENT BEING  OFF  LIMITS

FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF OYSTERS  BECAUSE  OF

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          MR. KEITH OZMORE







POLLUTION.





        "I AM INFORMED BY THE TEXAS  PARKS  &  WILD-





LIFE DEPARTMENT THAT THE 42 PERCENT  OF  THE ESTUARY





WHICH IS OFF-LIMITS FOR OYSTER PRODUCTION  CON-





TAINS SOME 1,500 ACRES OF PRODUCING  OYSTER REEFS,





OR ROUGHLY 15.7 PERCENT OF THE OYSTER REEFS  IN





THE ENTIRE ESTUARY.  THIS MEANS THAT EACH  YEAR





WE ARE LOSING 692,429 POUNDS OF OYSTER  MEATS,





WORTH SOME $311,593 BECAUSE THEY  CANNOT BE MAR-





KETED.  AND THIS DOES NOT REFLECT  THE TOTAL  LOSS.





BY THE TIME YOU FIGURE THAT THE TOTAL ECONOMIC





VALUE OF THE OYSTER IS 10 TIMES THE  LANDED





VALUE, THIS MEANS THAT WE ARE LOSING $3,115,930





IN THE OYSTER FISHERY BECAUSE OF  POLLUTION.





        "THIS IS JUST A SMALL FRACTION  OF  THE





ENTIRE WORTH OF THIS IMPORTANT ESTUARY.   IT  IS





IMPOSSIBLE TO COUNT THE MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS  FOR





ITS ESTHETIC VALUE AND AS A PLAYGROUND  FOR LITER-





ALLY MILLIONS OF SPORTSMEN AND VACATIONERS AND





ITS VALUE AS A PRODUCER OF COMMERCIAL FISHES,





ESPECIALLY SHRIMP.





        "NOW, I WOULD LIKE TO SAY  A  FEW WORDS

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                                                10
          MR. KEITH OZMORE







ABOUT WHAT IS HAPPENING TO VARIOUS AREAS  OF  THE




GALVESTON BAY ESTUARY.  I AM TOLD BY  VETERAN OYSTER-




MEN WHO HAVE FISHED EAST GALVESTON BAY  FOR A QUAR-





TER OF A CENTURY THAT THE SHALLOW GRASSLANDS IN




THE UPPER REACHES OF THE BAY HAVE BEEN  PRACTIC-





ALLY WIPED OUT, EITHER BY INDUSTRIAL  OR MUNICIPAL




POLLUTION, OR BY POLLUTION BY SILTATION BY THE




HUGE OYSTER SHELL DREDGES WHICH HAVE  OPERATED IN




THIS AREA FOR HALF A CENTURY.




        UNDER SECTION 5 (G) (1) OF THE  WATER POL-




LUTION CONTROL ACT (PL 84-660), THE SECRETARY




OF THE INTERIOR IS REQUIRED TO CONDUCT  A  COMPRE-




HENSIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION, INCLUD-




ING SEDIMENTATION, IN THE ESTUARIES AND ESTUARINE




ZONES OF THE UNITED STATES ON FISH AND  WILDLIFE,




ON SPORT AND COMMERCIAL FISHING, ON RECREATION,




ON WATER SUPPLY AND WATER POWER, AND  ON OTHER




BENEFICIAL USES.  AND I WOULD QUOTE HERE:  'SUCH




STUDY SHALL ALSO CONSIDER THE EFFECT  OF DEMO-




GRAPHIC TRENDS, THE EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL  RE-




SOURCES AND FOSSIL FUELS, LAND AND INDUSTRIAL




DEVELOPMENT, NAVIGATION, FLOOD AND EROSION CONTROL,

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                                                11
          MR. KEITH OZMORE








AND OTHER USES OF ESTUARIES AND  ESTUARINE  ZONES





UPON THE POLLUTION OF THE WATERS  THEREIN.1





        "I WOULD LIKE TO RESPECTFULLY  REQUEST





THAT THIS ESTUARINE STUDY UNDERTAKE  TO INVESTIGATE





EFFECTS OF 50 YEARS OF SHELL  DREDGING  UPON  THIS





VALUABLE ESTUARY.  IF SILTATION  POLLUTION  HAS





DESTROYED THE SHALLOW GRASSLANDS  OF  THIS  ESTUARY,





THEN ONE OF THE MOST PRODUCTIVE  AREAS  OF  THE  ES-





TUARY MAY HAVE BEEN RUINED FOREVER,  FOR IT  IS IN





THESE SHALLOW GRASSLANDS THAT MARINE LIFE  SUCH





AS SHRIMP AND MENHADEN GROW TO MATURITY TO  RETURN





TO THE GULF TO REPRODUCE AGAIN.





        !IIT IS MY BELIEF THAT THE FEDERAL  GOVERN-





MENT MUST ASSUME A MAJOR ROLE IN  PROTECTING THE





ESTUARIES, FOR I FEEL THAT THE STATE OF TEXAS





HAS BEEN DERELICT IN THIS FIELD.





        !'FIRST, LET KE DEFINE POLLUTION AS  SPELLED





OUT IN THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY ACT:





        "'POLLUTION MEANS ANY DISCHARGE OR





DEPOSIT OF WASTE INTO OR ADJACENT TO THE WATERS





OF THE STATE, OR ANY ACT OR OMISSION IN CONNEC-





TION THEREWITH, THAT BY  ITSELF,  OR IN  CONJUNCTION

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                                                12
          MR. KEITH OZMORE








WITH ANY OTHER ACT OR OMISSION OR ACTS  OF





OMISSIONS, CAUSES OR CONTINUES TO CAUSE  OR  WILL





CAUSE SUCH WATERS TO BE UNCLEAN, NOXIOUS, ODOR-





OUS, IMPURE, CONTAMINATED, ALTERED  OR OTHERWISE





AFFECTS TO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT THEY ARE  RENDERED





HARMFUL, DETRIMENTAL OR INJURIOUS TO PUBLIC HEALTH,





SAFETY, OR WELFARE, OR TO TERRESTRIAL OR AQUATIC





LIFE OR THE GROWTH OR PROPAGATION THEREOF,  OR  TO





THE USE OF SUCH WATERS FOR DOMESTIC, COMMERCIAL,





INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL, RECREATIONAL  OR OTHER





LAWFUL REASONABLE USES.1





        "THE DEFINITION IS COMMENDABLE.  TEXAS





WATER QUALITY STANDARDS, AS SUBMITTED TO THE





FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, SPELL OUT THAT  MOST  OF  THE





WATERS CONTAINED IN THIS ESTUARY SHALL  BE CON-





SIDERED TO BE CLEAN ENOUGH FOR USE  FOR  RECREATION





AND MARINE LIFE REPRODUCTION.





        "BUT I WOULD LIKE TO POINT  OUT  THAT THE





TEXAS WATER QUALITY ACT HAS NOT BEEN ENFORCED.





        "SECTION 15 (A) OF SAID ACT SPECIFIES





THAT ANY PERSONS VIOLATING ANY OF THE PROVISIONS





OF SECTION 14 OF THE ACT SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A

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                                                13
          MR. KEITH OZMORE








CIVIL PENALTY OF NOT  LESS THAN  $50  NOR MORE





THAN $1,000 FOR EACH  AND EVERY  DAY  OF SUCH VIO-





LATION AND FOR EACH AND EVERY ACT OF  SUCH  VIOLA-





TION.  IT FURTHER DIRECTS THAT  THE  TEXAS  PARKS





AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT OR  THE  EMPLOYEES  THEREOF





DULY AUTHORIZED BY SUCH DEPARTMENT,  THE APPRO-





PRIATE COUNTY OR DISTRICT ATTORNEY  SHALL  INSTI-





TUTE AND CONDUCT A SUIT IN  THE  NAME  OF THE STATE





OF TEXAS UNDER THIS SUB-SECTION FOR  ANY VIOLATION





WHICH AFFECTS AQUATIC  LIFE,  BIRDS AND ANIMALS.





IT FURTHER STATES THAT THE  PARKS AND  WILDLIFE





DEPARTMENT SHALL ENFORCE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS





ACT, INSOFAR AS ANY VIOLATION HEREOF  OCCURS





WHICH AFFECTS AQUATIC  LIFE,  3IRD AND  ANIMALS.





        "THERE IS NO  DOUBT  THAT POLLUTERS  HAVE





INTRODUCED SILT, CHEMICAL WASTE AND  OIL INTO THE





:3AY WITHOUT BEING PROSECUTED BY STATE AUTHORITIES,





I CALL UPON THE STATE  OF TEXAS  TO NAME ONE IN-





STANCE IN WHICH SHELL  DREDGERS  OR ANY OTHER





POLLUTERS HAVE BEEN BROUGHT TO  TASK  UNDER  THIS





STATUTE!





        ''UNDER SECTION 10 (D) CD OF  THE  FEDERAL

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                 MR. KEITH OZMORE

       WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT, AS AMENDED, THE
       SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR IS DIRECTED TO CALL
       A POLLUTION ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCE, SUCH AS
       THE ONE HELD RECENTLY IN NEW JERSEY.  THE SECRE-
       TARY IS DIRECTED TO CALL SUCH A CONFERENCE
       WHEN 'HE FINDS THAT SUBSTANTIAL ECONOMIC INJURY
       RESULTS FROM THE INABILITY TO MARKET SHELLFISH
       OR SHELLFISH PRODUCTS IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE
       BECAUSE OF POLLUTION.'   I WOULD LIKE TO FORMALLY
       REQUEST AT THIS MEETING THAT THE SECRETARY OF
       THE INTERIOR CALL SUCH  A POLLUTION ENFORCEMENT
       CONFERENCE ON THE GALVESTON BAY ESTUARY SO THAT
       ALL INFORMATION REGARDING THIS SITUATION bE
       DEVELOPED FULLY.
               "AGAIN, LET ME  THANK YOU FOR THIS OPPOR-
       TUNITY  TO PRESENT A STATEMENT CONCERNING A PROB-
       LEM WHICH IS SO IMPORTANT TO SO MANY PEOPLE ON
       THE TEXAS GULF COAST.'1
               THANK YOU.
MR. GALEGAR:   THANK YOU, MR. OZMORE, AND WOULD YOU EX-
       PRESS OUR APPRECIATION  TO REPRESENTATIVE ECKHARDT
       FOR HIS PREPARING THIS  STATEMENT?

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                                                15
        WE WILL NOW PROCEED WITH OUR  REGULAR





ORDER OF INTRODUCTION OF STATEMENTS.   I WOULD





LIKE TO SAY THIS BEFORE I  INTRODUCE THE CO-





CHAIRMAN FOR HIS STATEMENT.  AS THE ORDER  OF





PRESENTATION WOULD OCCUR, WE WOULD ASK THAT YOU





DO THIS FOR US:





        ALL OF THE STATEMENTS THAT ARE MADE BE





INTRODUCED FROM THIS PLATFORM (INDICATING); IF





YOU HAVE A COPY OF YOUR STATEMENT WOULD YOU PLEASE





LEAVE ONE COPY WITH THE REPORTER; IF  YOU HAVE





ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS--COPIES OF THE  STATEMENT





WITH YOU AND WISH TO LEAVE THEM WITH  US, WOULD





YOU PUT THEM ON THE BANISTER RIGHT HERE SO THAT





THEY MAY BE PICKED UP BY THOSE IN THE  AUDIENCE





WHO DESIRE THEM?





        AT THE CONCLUSION OF EACH STATEMENT WE





WILL ALLOW A BRIEF PERIOD FOR QUESTIONING, BOTH





FROM THE PANEL MEMBERS AND ALSO FROM  THE AUDI-





ENCE.





        NOW, THIS IS A PUBLIC MEETING  FOR  THE





ELICITATION OF INFORMATION AND NOT A  FORUM, SO





WE WOULD LIKE TO HAVE ALL OF THE INFORMATION THAT

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                                                       16
       WE MAY HAVE, BUT  IT'S  NOT  A  MEETING TO RESOLVE





       ANY PARTICULAR QUESTION — BUT IT  IS  INFORMATION





       THAT BOTH THE FEDERAL  GOVERNMENT  AND THE  STATE





       AND IN THE FUTURE WE WOULD HOPE  THE LOCAL INTER-





       ESTS WOULD MAKE USE OF IN  THEIR  PLANNING  OF WHAT





       WE ARE GOING TO DO WITH  THE  ESTUARINE AREAS.





               NOW, AT THIS TIME  I  WOULD LIKE TO INTRO-





       DUCE MY CO-CHAIRMAN FOR  PRESENTATION AND  INTRO-





       DUCTION OF THE ONE WHO IS  GOING  TO  PRESENT THE





       STATEMENT FOR THE TEXAS  WATER  QUALITY BOARD,  MR.





       HUGH YANTIS.





MR. YANTIS:  MR. CHAIRMAN, MR.  SORRELS  OF  OUR STAFF





       WILL READ A STATEMENT  FROM OUR BOARD.





MR. SORRELS:   MR. CHAIRMAN, LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN, THE





       STATEMENT IS DELIVERED BY  THE  TEXAS WATER QUALITY





       BOARD TO THE PUBLIC MEETING  HELD  BY THE FEDERAL





       WATER POLLUTION CONTROL  ADMINISTRATION AT GALVES-





       TON, TEXAS ON OCTOBER  THE  8TH,  1968.





               VALUE OF  ESTUARINE WATERS:   THE ESTUARINE





       WATERS OF THE STATE OF TEXAS AND  THE ASSOCIATED





       SUBMERGED LANDS AND OTHER  CONTIGUOUS LANDS,





       MARSHES, AND SWAMPS, AND THE MINERAL RESOURCES

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                                                17
           MR. JOE SORRELS








BENEATH THEM, CONSTITUTE A MOST  VALUABLE  ASSET





TO THE STATE OF TEXAS AMD ITS  LOCAL  GOVERNMENTS





AND THE PEOPLE WITHIN THE STATE.   EVEN  THOUGH





THE WEALTH AND VALUE OF THIS NATURAL RESOURCE





HAS NOT BEEN FULLY INVENTORIED AND DEVELOPED,





THE PEOPLE OF TEXAS AND THEIR  GOVERNMENTS  RECOG-





NIZE THE VAST BENEFIT WHICH WISE  USE OF THESE





RESOURCES CAN BESTOW.  THE WATERS  MAKE  POSSIBLE





WATER TRANSPORTATION, PROVIDE  SPAWNING  AND NURS-





ERY AREAS FOR SPORTS AND COMMERCIAL  FISHERIES,





PROVIDE NEEDED RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES,  PRO-





VIDE INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLIES,  PROVIDE A MEANS





OF ASSIMILATING WASTES AFTER TREATMENT, CONSTI-





TUTE AN EXTENSIVE FISHERIES RESOURCE FOR  BOTH





SHELLFISH AND FINFISH, AND ADD MATERIALLY  IN AN





AESTHETIC SENSE, AND IN OTHER  WAYS,  TO  THE TOUR-





IST POSSIBILITIES WITHIN THE STATE.   THIS  LIST-





ING IS PROLABLY NOT COMPLETE,  AS  THE WAYS  IN





WHICH PEOPLE USE WATERS AP.E ALMOST ENDLESS.   THE





SUBMERGED LANDS UNDERLYING THESE  WATERS ARE  THEM-





SELVES A RESOURCE OF GREAT VALUE.  WITH PROPER





TECHNIQUES, SHELL AND MUD SHELL  MAY  BE  MINED OR

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           MR. JOE SORRELS








DREDGED WITHOUT UNACCEPTABLE  HARM TO OTHER POR-





TIONS OF THE RESOURCE, AND  AN  EXTENSIVE  OIL PRO-





DUCTION IS TAKEN FROM  BENEATH  THE SUBMERGED





LANDS.  THE SHORE AND  LAND  AREAS  BEYOND  THE





SHORE ARE USED BY MAN  FOR ALL  OF  HIS CUSTOMARY





USES, INCLUDING A TREMENDOUS  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOP-





MENT RELATED IN LARGE  PART  TO  THE AVAILABILITY





OF EXTENSIVE WATER TRANSPORTATION.   MANY OF THE





LAND AREAS PRESENTLY UNDEVELOPED  ARE RAPIDLY





BEING DEVELOPED FOR BOTH RESIDENTIAL AND INDUS-





TRIAL PURPOSES.  MUCH  OF THE  PRESENTLY VACANT





LAND, SOME OF WHICH IS MARSHLAND,  IS A WILDLIFE





RESOURCE OF CONSIDERABLE VALUE ALSO. NO ATTEMPT





TO INVENTORY FULLY ALL VALUES  OF  THE TEXAS COASTAL





AREA CAN POSSIBLY SUCCEED.





        IN LISTING THE STATE'S ESTUARINE RESOURCES,





AND IN ATTEMPTING ANY  EVALUATION  OF  THEM,  IT





MUST BE RECOGNIZED THAT MANY  OF THE  ESTUARINE





RESOURCES REPRESENT PRIVATE PROPERTY.  THERE-





FORE, GOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMS DEVELOPED TO ASSURE





THE DERIVATION OF THE  MAXIMUM  BENEFIT FROM THESE





RESOURCES SHOULD RESPECT PRIVATE  INTERESTS AND

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                                                19
           MR. JOE SORRELS







PRIVATE PROPERTY.  IN  MANY  INSTANCES,  PRIVATE





INTERESTS MAY BE FULLY  CAPABLE  OF  DEVELOPING





EXCELLENT RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTAL  PROGRAMS.





        THE PARTICIPATION  IN  THESE HEARINGS BY





THE STATE OF TEXAS AND  ITS  AGENCIES IS A RECOG-





NITION THAT ADDITIONAL  INFORMATION AND UNDERSTAND-





ING OF THESE COASTAL AREAS  IS VITALLY  NECESSARY,





AND THE STATE GOVERNMENT AND  LOCAL GOVERNMENTS





WITHIN THE STATE ARE SEEKING  TO PROVIDE WAYS OF





OBTAINING THIS INFORMATION  AND  UNDERSTANDING,





BOTH IN COMPANY WITH THE FEDERAL  GOVERNMENT AND





SEPARATELY, AS MAY BE  APPROPRIATE.





        POLICY OF THE  STATE OF  TEXAS:   THE  POLICY





OF THE STATE OF TEXAS  WITH  REGARD  TO ITS COASTAL





AREAS CANNOT BE ENUNCIATED  BY ANY  SINGLE STATE





AGENCY, NOR HAS THERE  BEEN  A  COMPREHENSIVE





POLICY DEVELOPED BY THE STATE THROUGH  WHICH THE





STATE SPEAKS WITH A SINGLE  VOICE.   THE TEXAS





WATER QUALITY BOARD, IN MAKING  THIS STATEMENT,





WISHES TO DRAW ATTENTION TO THE FACT THAT MANY





AGENCIES OF THE STATE  HAVE  THEIR  OWN INTERESTS,





PROGRAMS, AND ACTIVITIES,  AS  DO MANY OF THE LOCAL

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                                                20
           MR. JOE SORRELS







GOVERNMENTS.  IN ADDITION, AND  THIS  IS  AS  IT





SHOULD BE, THE OWNERS, WHERE THERE ARE  PRIVATE





OWNERS, ARE SEEKING TO DEVELOP  THEIR PROPERTIES





ALONG THE LINES OF THEIR OWN INTERESTS.  ONE





POLICY OF THE STATE OF TEXAS, AS  SET FORTH  IN





THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY ACT OF  1967,  IS  TO  MAIN-





TAIN THE QUALITY OF THE WATERS  IN THIS  STATE





CONSISTENT WITH THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND PUBLIC





ENJOYMENT THEREOF, THE PROPAGATION AND  PROTEC-





TION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE, THE  OPERATION OF





EXISTING INDUSTRIES, AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOP-





MENT OF THE STATE.





        IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER  QUALITY





POLICY OF THE STATE:  THE STATE OF TEXAS HAS





ESTABLISHED AND FUNDED A STRONG WATER QUALITY





AGENCY AND PROGRAM FOR THE WATERS IN THE STATE.





OTHER AGENCIES HAVING WATER QUALITY  INTERESTS





AND COASTAL INTERESTS, SUCH AS  THE TEXAS PARKS





AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT, STATE  HEALTH DEPART-





MENT, TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD,  TEXAS  WATER





RIGHTS COMMISSION, COMMISSIONERS  OF  THE  GENERAL





LAND OFFICE, TEXAS RAILROAD COMMISSION,  THE

-------
                                                21
           MR. JOE SORRELS







STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT, AND  TEXAS  TOURIST





AGENCY, AND MANY OTHERS,  ARE PRESENTLY BEING





FUNDED AND ARE ACTIVE  IN  THEIR PROGRAMS ON AN





UNPRECEDENTED SCALE.   FULL  AND EFFECTIVE COOR-





DINATION AMONG THESE AGENCIES  AND  OTHERS IS





EFFECTUATED THROUGH THE DIVISION  OF  PLANNING





COORDINATION IN THE OFFICE  OF  THE  GOVERNOR OF





TEXAS.  IN ADDITION TO THE  PROGRAMS  OF THESE





AGENCIES, AND THE TEXAS WATER  QUALITY  BOARD DOES





NOT SPEAK FOR THEM, A  PROGRAM  HAS  BEEN INITIATED





WHICH WILL, IT IS HOPED,  LEAD  TO  A STRONG, COM-





PREHENSIVE ESTUARINE AND  COASTAL  STUDY FOR THE





ENTIRE TEXAS GULF COAST,  PATTERNED,  AS FAR AS





IS FEASIBLE, AFTER THE GALVESTON  BAY STUDY,





WHICH IS PRESENTLY UNDERWAY.





        THE STATE OF TEXAS  HAS ADOPTED WATER





QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND  THESE ARE UNDER CON-





STANT REVIEW, AND HAS  ESTABLISHED  AN EXTENSIVE





MONITORING PROGRAM AS  A BASIS  FOR  MAINTAINING





WATER QUALITY AT ASSIGNED LEVELS  OR  BETTER.





ALTHOUGH A RELATIVELY  EXTENSIVE WATER  QUALITY





MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE  ESTUARINE AREAS IS

-------
                                                22
           MR. JOE SORRELS







UNDERWAY, THIS EFFORT  PRESENTLY  CONSISTS OF





INDEPENDENT EFFORTS SPREAD  AMONG SEVERAL AGEN-





CIES, INCLUDING SOME FEDERALAGENCIES.   NEVER-





THELESS, EFFORTS ARE UNDERWAY,  IN ADDITION TO





THE FOREGOING, TO STRENGTHEN  THE SURVEILLANCE





AND MONITORING PROGRAM ALONG  THE COAST.   THE





"PERMIT SYSTEM" IS PRESENTLY  IN  FULL EFFECT





WITH, INSOFAR AS IS KNOWN,  ALL  OF THE  MAJOR





WASTEWATER DISCHARGES  BEING REGULATED  BY PERMIT.





A CONTINUAL SEARCH IS  CONDUCTED  FOR UNPERMITTED





WASTEWATER DISCHARGES.   THE DISCHARGES COVERED





BY PERMIT ARE INSPECTED  AND TESTED AT  PERIODIC





INTERVALS TO INSURE THAT THE  PERMITTEE IS COM-





PLYING WITH THE PROVISIONS  OF THE PERMIT.  IF





THE PERMIT IS BEING VIOLATED, CORRECTIVE ACTION





IS INSTITUTED.  IN THE AREA OF  PROMOTIONAL





EFFORT AS OPPOSED TO RL'GULATORY  ACTS,  THE BOARD





13 WORKING V/ITH LOCAL  GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY





TO PROVIDE AREA-WIDE,  WELL-MANAGED AND OPERATED





WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS TO MINIMIZE THE QUANTITY





OF POLLUTANTS WHICH MUST BE DISCHARGED.   PLAN-





NING GRANTS HAVE BEEN  AWARDED TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

-------
                                                23
           MR.  JOE  SORRELS







TO ENCOURAGE SUCH DEVELOPMENTS.   ALSO,  THE BOARD





HAS FINANCED STUDIES  DESIGNED TO IMPROVE OUR





TECHNICAL COMPETENCY  IN  MINIMIZING THE QUANTITY





OF POLLUTANTS DISCHARGED i3Y  CERTAIN INDUSTRIES -





IN PARTICULAR,  THE  CATTLE FEEDING INDUSTRY.  A





STATE UNIVERSITY HAS  BEEN APPROPRIATED FUNDS





FOR PULP AND PAPER  WASTE RESEARCH.





        IN ADDITION TO THESE TOOLS, THE TEXAS





WATER QUALITY BOARD,  AS  A MEMBER OF THE COASTAL





STUDY COMMITTEE OF  THE NATURAL RESOURCES COUNCIL,





PLANNING AGENCY COUNCIL  FOR  TEXAS, IS STUDYING,





ALONG WITH THE  OTHER  MEMBERS OF  THIS COMMITTEE,





THE DESIRABILITY OF THE  STATE ENGAGING IN A





BROAD SCOPE SURVEY  OF ALL THE CSTUARINC RESOURCES





OF THE STATE -  THEIR  VALUE,  PROBLEMS, AND MANAGE-





MENT.  THIS SURVEY, IF UNDERTAKEN, WOULD bE





AIMED AT PROVIDING  i-'ANAGuf SENT DATA AND PROCE-





DURES .





        ESTUARINE WATER  QUALITY  PROBLEMS IN TEXAS





TWO ESTUARINE WATER QUALITY  PROBLEMS OF MAGNI-





TUDE ARE KNOWN  TO EXIST  IN  THE STATE OF TEXAS -





THE GALVESTON BAY COMPLEX (PRIMARILY THE HOUSTON

-------
                                                2H
           MR. JOC  SORRELS







SHIP CHANNEL), AND  THE  SABINE  LAKE  COMPLEX





(PRIMARILY THE NECHES RIVER  ESTUARY).   IN BOTH





CASES, THE TEXAS WATER  QUALITY  BOARD HAS IN





PROGRESS THE NECESSARY  STUDIES  TO  PROPERLY COPE





WITH THESE PROBLEMS.





        THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY  IS  A BROAD-





BASED STUDY DESIGNED TO PROVIDE  THE FACTUAL DATA





AND A MANAGEMENT SCHEME (CONSISTENT WITH THE





PUBLIC INTEREST AND THE STATE  LEGAL AND POLITICAL





FRAMEWORK) TO ENABLE THE GALVESTON  BAY COMPLEX





TO BE MANAGED IN SUCH A WAY  AS  TO  PROTECT THE





BAY FOR ALL BENEFICIAL  USES  AND  TO  PERMIT THE





ENLIGHTENED DEVELOPMENT OF THIS  RESOURCE.  THE





FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL  ADMINISTRATION





IS PARTICIPATING FINANCIALLY  IN  THIS STUDY.





IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT  THIS  STUDY  WILL PROVIDE





METHODOLOGY FOR THL STUDY OF OTHER  ESTUARIES





ALONG THL GULF COAST.





        THE NECHES  RIVLR ESTUARY STUDY IS DESIGNED





TO DEVELOP A PREDICTIVE WATER  QUALITY  MATHEMATI-





CAL MODEL OF THE ESTUARY TO  PROVIDE THE BOARD





WITH A RATIONAL BASIS FOR THE  REGULATION OF

-------
                                                25
           MR.  JOE  SORRELS








WASTE DISCHARGES TO THIS  ESTUARY.   UPON THE





PROVISION OF THIS RATIONAL  BASE,  THE BOARD WILL





INITIATE A PROGRAM  DESIGNED TO ENHANCE THE QUAL-





ITY OF WATER PRESENT IN THE NECHES RIVER ESTUARY.





        OTHER ESTUARINE STUDIES  ARE FULLY JUSTI-





FIED, BUT THE TWO MENTIONED ARE  CONSIDERED TO





HAVE THE FIRST  PRIORITY.





        ESTUARINE WATER MANAGEMENT:  THE STUDY





BEING CONDUCTED IN  THE GALVESTON BAY COMPLEX IS





A PIONEERING EFFORT,  BEING,  INSOFAR AS IS KNOWN,





THE FIRST STUDY  OF  THIS TYPE CONDUCTED ON THE





GULF COAST.  THIS STUDY,  DEVELOPED WITH THE





ASSISTANCE OF TEXAS  ASM UNIVERSITY, THE UNIVER-





SITY OF TEXAS,  AND  TEXAS  TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE,





WILL PROVIDE THE METHODOLOGY REQUIRED TO PROP-





ERLY MANAGE A GULF  COAST  ESTUARY COMPLEX.  THE





TALENT ASSEMBLED DURING T.iE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS





STUDY AND FOR ITS CONDUCT PROVIDES THE TEXAS





WATER QUALITY BOARD WITH  OUTSTANDING AND UNIQUE





RESOURCES TO COPE WITH THE  PROBLEM OF ESTUARY





MANAGEMENT.





        WITH THE TALENT AND METHODOLOGY GAINED

-------
                                                2b
           MR. JOE  SORRELS








FROM THE GALVESTON  BAY  STUDY  TO  PROVIDE A





RATIONAL BASIS FOR  MANAGEMENT AND  THE PROVEN





WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT  TOOLS AVAILABLE TO THE





BOARD TO EFFECTUATE  ITS DECISIONS,  THE TEXAS





WATER QUALITY BOARD  IS  FULLY  QUALIFIED TO MANAGE





THE ESTUARINE WATERS OF THE STATE  OF TEXAS IN





AND FOR THE  INTEREST OF THE CITIZENS OF THE





STATE.





        PARTICIPATION BY  LOCAL  INTERESTS IN





ESTUARINE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT  DECISIONS:





CENTRAL TO THE POLICY OF  THE  TEXAS  WATER QUALITY





30ARD IS THE PROTECTION OF BOTH  WATER QUALITY





AND THE INTEREST OF  LOCAL AREAS  IN  THE ENLIGHTENED





DEVELOPMENT  AND UTILIZATION OF THEIR ESTUARINE





RESOURCES.   TO EFFECT THIS POLICY,  THE ACT ES-





TABLISHING THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY  BOARD AND THE





RULES AND REGULATIONS ADOPTED 3Y THE BOARD PUR-





SUANT TO THE ACT REQUIRES THE FULL  UTILIZATION





OF PUBLIC HEARINGS AND  MEETINGS  WHERE ALL REGULA-





TORY ACTS ARE MADE  IN OPEN PUBLIC  MEETINGS AFTER





A FULL DISCUSSION BY ALL  INTERESTED GROUPS OR





CITIZENS.  IN LINE WITH THIS  POLICY, WE WOULD

-------
                                                27
           MR. JOE SORRELS








EARNESTLY ENCOURAGE ALL  PERSONS  HAVING TESTI-





MONY PERTINENT TO THE  SUBJECT  BEING DISCUSSED





HERE TODAY TO MAKE HIS VIEWS AVAILABLE TO THE





TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD AND  THE FEDERAL WATER





POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION.





        CONCLUSION:   IN  CLOSING,  THE TEXAS WATER





QUALITY BOARD FEELS THAT IT  IS  EXPRESSING THE





VIEW OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE  STATE OF TEXAS,





ITS LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, AND  ITS  PEOPLE WHEN IT





STATES THAT THE EFFORT BEING INITIATED BY THE





FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN  THESE HEARINGS IS A GOOD





ONE WHICH SHOULD BE CARRIED THROUGH TO A SUCCESS-





FUL CONCLUSION IN THE  INTEREST  OF THE PEOPLE





OF THE COUNTRY.  A GREAT DEAL  OF INFORMATION AND





UNDERSTANDING WILL UNDOUBTEDLY  BE GAINED THROUGH





THIS SERIES OF HEARINGS, AND THE ASSOCIATED TECH-





NICAL AND OTHER WORK WHICH WILL  ALSO BE CARRIED





OUT.  NEVERTHELESS, IT IS Till  VIE',,' OF THE TEXAS





WATER QUALITY BOARD THAT THE PRIMARY RESPONSI-





BILITY FOR DEVELOPING  POLICIES  AND PROGRAMS FOR





THE COASTAL AREAS OF THE STATE  RESTS WITH THE





STATE AND ITS LOCAL GOVERNMENTS  AND ITS PRIVATE

-------
                                                       28
                  MR. JOE SORRELS







       CITIZENS.




               THANK YOU.





COLONEL BENDER:  MR. CHAIRMAN AND  PANEL  MEMBERS,   i




       DON'T HAVE A FORMAL STATEMENT;  HOWEVER,  I  DO




       HAVE ONE IN MY OFFICE WHICH I  WILL SEND  TO YOU





       AND IT WILL ELABORATE CONSIDERABLY ON WHAT I




       WILL SAY NOW.




               MR. SORRELS MENTIONED  VERY BRIEFLY THE




       GALVESTON BAY STUDY AND  IT'S THE  THREE-YEAR





       STUDY WHICH WE ARE UNDERTAKING, AND ONE-THIRD




       OF THE TIME HAS ALREADY  SLIPPED BY,   HOWEVER, WE




       DO HAVE A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT  OF  INFORMATION  AND




       WE HAVE GONE INTO A CONSIDERABLE  AMOUNT  OF EFFORT




       DURING THAT ONE-YEAR PERIOD.




               MR. SORRELS MENTIONED  THE OBJECTIVE OF




       THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY.  WE ALL  KNOW THAT THERE




       IS A LIMITED SUPPLY OF FRESH WATER COMING  INTO




       THE GALVESTON BAY SYSTEM.   THERE  ARE MANY, MANY




       VARIED USES OF THE WATERS OF THE  GALVESTON BAY




       SYSTEM AND, THEREFORE, OBVIOUSLY  WE NEED A MAN-




       AGEMENT PROGRAM IF THE OPTIMUM MANAGEMENT  IS  TO




       BE ACQUIRED OR TO SE DEVELOPED FOR THIS  SYSTEM

-------
                                                29
        COLONEL  FRANK  BENDER







OF WATERS.





        WE NEED  A  TECHNICALLY  FEASIBLE PLAN AND





FINANCIAL AND  INSTITUTIONAL  ARRANGEMENTS FOR





THE IMPLEMENTATION OF  THIS PLAN,  AND IN THE END





THIS IS WHAT THE GALVESTON BAY  STUDY IS TO PRO-





DUCE TO GIVE TO  A  MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION.





        THE GALVESTON  BAY STUDY,  AS MENTIONED,





IS A THREE-YEAR  STUDY  OF  THE IMPACT OF MUNICIPAL,





INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL  POLLUTION LOADS ON





THE GALVESTON  BAY  SYSTEM.  IT  IS  TO DESIGN A





WATER QUALITY  MANAGEMENT  PLAN  FOR ALL WATER USES





AND IT, OF COURSE, DURING THE  THREE-YEAR PERIOD





WILL PRODUCE INPUTS, AS WE GO  ALONG AND AS WE





DEVELOP INFORMATION, TO THE  TEXAS WATER QUALITY





BOARD, FOR WHOM  I  WORK.





        KNOWING  THE  IMPACT OF  THE VARIOUS LOADS





ON THE GALVESTON BAY SYSTEM  WE  MUST DETERMINE IN





THE END THE FRESH  WATER INFLOW  TO ASSURE THE





ECOLOGY OF THIS  BAY; WE MUST EVALUATE THE COST





OF ACHIEVING VARIED  INCREMENTS  OF WATER QUALITY





TO ASSURE THAT THE PEOPLE IN THIS AREA WILL





SUPPORT THIS MANAGEMENT PLAN;  WE  MUST DETERMINE

-------
                                                30
        COLONEL FRANK BENDER








THE SOCIAL BENEFITS THAT ACCRUE  FROM  EACH  OF





THESE INCREMENTS OF WATER QUALITY;  WE MUST





DETERMINE THE BENEFIT TO MARINE  LIFE  IN  THE





GALVESTON BAY SYSTEM WITH EACH  INCREMENT AND WE





MUST DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TO





PRODUCE, AS I MENTIONED, A TOOL  FOR AN AUTHORITY





TO BE DEVELOPED.  WHEN WE DEVELOPED THIS OFFICE--





WHEN WE BUILT THIS OFFICE WE  KNEW  THAT WE  COULDN'T





STAFF AN OFFICE WITH THE QUALIFIED PERSONNEL TO





DIG INTO ALL THE DIVERSE DISCIPLINES  THAT  ARE RE-





QUIRED IN SUCH A STUDY, TO GIVE  IT THE BROAD BASE





THAT IT REQUIRES, THEREFORE,  WE  HAVE  A VERY  SMALL





MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF THREE PERSONNEL, INCLUDING





THE SECRETARY, AND WE DO ALL  OUR WORK BY CONTRACT





OR BY HELP FROM OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES.





        I WOULD JUST LIKE TO  SAY SOME OF THE





PROGRESS THAT THESE CONTRACTORS  ARE MAKING.





        THE FIRST CONTRACT THAT  WE MADE  ON SEP-





TEMBER 1ST LAST YEAR WAS WITH THE  JO I NT-VENTURE





OF TWO ENGINEERING FIRMS, TURNER,  COLLIE S





BRADEN AND BERNARD JOHNSON, HOUSTON-BASED  FIRMS,





AND THEY, IN ESSENCE, ARE MY  RIGHT ARM IN  THE

-------
                                                31
        COLONEL FRANK  BENDER







DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT  OF  THIS  PROGRAM.





THEY ARE MY TECHNICAL  HELP  TO  ASSURE  THAT WE




LEAVE NO STONES UNTURNED, THAT WE  DEVELOP THIS




STUDY THROUGH ALL THE  DISCIPLINES  THAT ARE RE-




QUIRED.




        THE JOINT VENTURE THEN HELPS  ME WRITE




THE REPORT TO HELP ME  MONITOR  THIS  PROGRAM;  IT




HELPS ME TO DEVISE THE  DIAGRAM—THE SCHEDULE ON




WHICH ALL INFORMATION  HAS TO BE DEVELOPED, SO




THAT AS WE GO THROUGH  THIS  THREE-YEAR PERIOD





INFORMATION BECOMES AVAILABLE  FOR  THE USE OF




OTHERS WHO ARE WORKING  POSSIBLY IN  OTHER CITIES




IN THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY.




        SO MUCH FOR THE  JOINT  VENTURE.




        WE ARE WELL ALONG THE  WAY.   THEY HAVE




HELPED REMODEL — OR, REDEFINE,  RESCOPE OUR ORIGI-




NAL BLUEPRINT WHIC.i, AS  JOC SORRELS SAID, './AS




DEVELOPED BY THREE UNIVERSITIES HERE  IN TEXAS.




        THE NEXT CONTRACT WAS  LET  WITH TRAYCOR,




WHO ARE RESPONS I RLE FOR  THE VERY MATHEMATICAL




MODELS THAT WILL dE REQUIRED AS A  MANAGEMENT




TOOL FOR THE AUTHORITY,  OR  IF  THERE IS NO

-------
                                                32
        COLONEL FRANK BENDER








AUTHORITY, FOR THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY  BOARD





PROBABLY TO ENFORCE.





        THERE WILL BE HYDROLOGIC, CHEMICAL





AND BIOLOGIC MODELS TO PRODUCE THE  RESPONSES





AND TO PREDICT THE RESPONSES OF THE GALVESTON





BAY SYSTEM ON THE VERY LOADS FROM MUNICIPALITIES,





FROM INDUSTRIES AND FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES.





IT WILL DETERMINE THE TRANSPORT PATTERNS;  IT





WILL EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF RETURN  FLOWS,  IT





WILL EVALUATE THE PHYSIOGRAPHIC CHANGES,  THE





VARIOUS--THE BUILDINGS—THE ACTUAL  PHYSICAL





CHANGES THAT ARE INTRODUCED INTO THE BAY  SYSTEM.





        THEN IT WILL DESIGN THE OPTIMIZATION





MODEL WHICH WILL OPTIMIZE THE VARIOUS OTHER MODELS





THAT ARE CREATED BY TRAYCOR.





        TRAYCOR IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR THE





DEVELOPMENT OF OUR DATA-GATHERING AND RETRIEVAL





SYSTEMS, BECAUSE ALL AGENCIES THAT ARE  INVOLVED





IN THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY MUST BE ASSURED THAT





THEY HAVE ALL THE INFORMATION THAT  IS AVAILABLE





ON WHICH THEY BUILD THEIR PLANS AND BY  WHICH THEY





COME TO THEIR CONCLUSIONS.

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                                                33
        COLONEL FRANK  BENDER








        TRAYCOR'S PHASE-ONE PROGRESS—WHICH IS





THE FISCAL YEAR JUST PASSED--THE  PROGRESS INDI-





CATES THAT WE KNOW THAT  TYPES  OF  MODELS WE WANT





TO USE, THE VARIOUS EQUATIONS  THAT MUST GO INTO





THESE MODELS; THEY HAVE  DEVELOPED THE HYDRAULIC





MODELS.  WE KNOW THAT  THE  PARAMETERS OF INFORMA-





TION THAT WE NEED FROM OUR SAMPLING PROGRAM,





WHICH WAS DEVELOPED BY TRAYCOR WITH THE HELP  OF





OTHERS IN THE PROGRAM; WE  KNOW THE DATA-STORAGE





AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM.  WE  HAVE SELECTED THE TYPE





THAT WE ARE GOING TO USE AND  THE  PROGRAM HAS  BEEN





SPECIFIED; OUR SAMPLING  PROGRAM HAS BEEN ESTAB-





LISHED.





        INITIALLY MY OFFICE WAS DOING THE SAMPLING





THROUGH THE USE OF LEASED  BOATS,  THROUGH THE  USE





OF A BOAT WE BORROWED  FRO.'l THE BUREAU OF COMMER-





CIAL FISHERIES AND THROUGH TWO BOATS THAT WERE





SUPPLIED BY THE TEXAS  A  £  M UNIVERSITY.





        STARTING THIS  MONTH THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS





WILL TAKE OVER OUR SAMPLING PROGRAM.  THEY HAVE





DEVELOPED THEIR EQUIPMENT.  THEY  HAVE TilE EQUIP-





MENT NECESSARY NOW AND THEY WILL  START ON THE

-------
        COLONEL  FRANK  BENDER








15TH OF THIS MONTH TO  DO  THEIR  SAMPLING PROGRAM.





        THE SAMPLING PROGRAMS ARE  DONE ONCE A





MONTH.  THERE ARE 35 STATIONS,  BOTH  IN SHALLOW





AND DEEP WATER,  AND EACH  OF THESE  STATIONS MUST





BE HIT AT AN EXACT TIME--THE  TIME  OF HIGH SLACK





TIDE PERIODS WHICH, OF COURSE,  CHANGES FROM THE





MOUTH OF THE BAY THROUGHOUT THE VARIOUS PARTS OF





THE BAY.  SO IT'S A RATHER DETAILED  PROGRAM WHICH





WE ARE EMBARKED  ON.





        THE ANALYSIS PROGRAM  IS BEING ACCOMPLISHED





BY THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH  UNDER CONTRACT.





THE MONEY FOR THIS IS  BEING SUPPLIED BY THE FED-





ERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL  ADMINISTRATION ON A





GRANT, OR THROUGH THEIR AVAILABLE  FEDERAL MONEY





TO ANALYZE THE VARIOUS  SAMPLES  THAT  ARE TAKEN IN





THE CALVES TON BAY SYSTEM.





        ADDITIONAL SAMPLING WILL BE  INCLUDED AS





THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS  GITS NEW EQUIPMENT TO





STATION EQUIPMENT OUT  AT  VARIOUS PARTS IN THE





BAY TO GET HIGH-FREQUENCY  INFORMATION; THAT IS,





INFORMATION EVERY 30 MINUTES  DURING  VARIOUS





TIDAL CYCLES.

-------
                                                35
        COLONEL FRANK  BENDER







        THE NEXT CONTRACT  THAT  WE  LET WAS WITH




DRS. ECKENFELDER AND REYNOLDS OF  THE UNIVERSITY




OF TEXAS AND TEXAS ASM,  AND THEY ARE INVOLVED




IN REACTION-CONSTANT STUDIES  IN ORDER TO DETER-




MINE THE ASSIMILATED CAPACITY OR  RATE ON WHICH





POLLUTANTS ARE TO BE GRADED CY  OTHERS IN THE




WATERS AS THE EFFLUENTS  R.IACH THE  VARIOUS PARTS




OF THE GALVESTON BAY SYSTEM.  THEY ARE WELL ON





THEIR WAY IN THEIR STUDIES; THEY  ARE MAKING




DETAILED STUDIES OF THE  EFFLUENTS  OF SEVEN MAIN,




PRIMARY INDUSTRIES UP  AND  DOWN  THE CHANNEL, AND




THESE INDUSTRIES ARE SELECTED BECAUSE OF THEIR




VERY TYPES OF EFFLUENTS.




        AND, INCIDENTALLY, WE ARE  HAVING A MEET-




ING WITH 35 OF THE PRIMARY INDUSTRIES TOMORROW




DOWN AT THE PETRO-TEX  PLANT TO  GO  INTO MORE DE-




TAILS SO THAT WE CAN GET CLOSER TO INDUSTRY IN




THE AREA, WHICH I MIGHT  SAY AT  THIS POINT HAS





BEEN MOST GENEROUS TO  US AND MOST  COOPERATIVE




IN OUR GALVESTON BAY STUDY AND  WE  ARE LOOKING




FORWARD TO GETTING EVEN  MORE  INFORMATION FROM





INDUSTRY.

-------
                                                36
        COLONEL  FRANK  BENDER







        NEXT, OUR  ECONOMIC  3ASE  STUDIES, WHICH





ARE BEING DEVELOPED  6Y  DR.  ARBENGAST OF THE





UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS  AND DR. BRADLEY—OR, PROFES-





SOR BRADLEY OF TEXAS A  £  cl, AND  THEY ARE INVOLVED





IN THE VARIOUS ECONOMIC BASE  STUDIES SINCE WATER





QUALITY PROBLEMS RESULT FROM  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT





THROUGHOUT THIS  AREA.





        THEY HAVE  BEGUN THEIR STUDIES ON POPULA-





TION CHARACTERISTICS,  MINERAL, AGRICULTURAL,





FOREST, MARINE,  WATER  RESOURCES,  PRESENT AND





FUTURE MANUFACTURING IN INDUSTRY,  GROWTH PROS-





PECTS AND FINANCE.   IT'S  A  VERY  DETAILED STUDY





AND SOME OF YOU  WHO  ARE IN  INDUSTRY MAY HAVE  BEEN





INTERVIEWED BY THEIR PERSONNEL,  WHO ARE PHYSIC-





ALLY INTERVIEWING  VARIED, SELECTIVE INDIVIDUALS





AND INDUSTRIES IN  THE  AREA  AND ALSO HAVE QUITE





A WELL-DEFINED MAIL  PROGRAM TO DEVELOP THEIR





STUDIES.





        NEXT ARE THE LEGAL  STUDIES BEING CARRIED





OUT 3Y PROFESSOR CORWIN JOHNSON  OF THE UNIVERSITY





OF TEXAS, BECAUSE  OBVIOUSLY AS WE  GO DOWN THE





ROAD THERE ARE GOING TO BE  NUMEROUS LEGAL ObSTA-

-------
                                                37
        COLONEL FRANK BENDER







CLES THAT ARE GOING TO BE  EVIDENCED  AND  INVOLVED




IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLANS  THAT  WE TURN  OVER




AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY.





        WE ARE WORKING CLOSELY  WITH  THE  HOUSTON-




GALVESTON AREA COUNCIL IN  THE DEVELOPMENT  OF LAND





USE STUDIES AND THE MONEY  FROM  THIS  HAS  COME FROM




THE STATE OF TEXAS IN A GRANT TO  THE HOUSTON-




GALVESTON AREA COUNCIL, WHICH IS  DEVELOPING  CON-




TRACTS NOT ONLY FOR VARIOUS LAND-USE STUDIES BUT




FOR THE FIRST DEFINITION OF VARIOUS  ALTERNATIVE




SYSTEMS THAT WE MIGHT USE  IN THE  CLEANUP OF  THE




GALVESTON BAY SYSTEM.




        WE ARE ABOUT TO EMBARK--NOW  THAT WE  ARE




IN OUR SECOND FISCAL YEAR—SECOND ACTUAL YEAR OF




OPERATION—ON BIOLOGICAL-ECOLOGICAL  STUDIES  AND




WE HAD A MEETING YESTERDAY TO FURTHER DEFINE




THE CONTRACT AND WHAT SHOULD BE  IN THE CONTRACT




AND DEVELOP THE FIRST LETTERS OF  AUTHORIZATION





ON WHICH WE CAN ALLOW THE  CONTRACTOR TO  SPEND




MONEY.




        THIS YEAR WILL SEE A CONTINUATION  OF




THE PRESENT STUDIES AND ACTIVITIES;  IT WILL  SEE

-------
                                                38
        COLONEL FRANK BENDER







THE REFINEMENTS OF OUR MODELING  PROGRAM AND




THE VERIFICATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL  MODELS




THAT HAVE BEEN PRODUCED.  WE WILL  BEGIN THE




OPTIMIZATION MODELS FOR PUTTING  IN THE  COST




FEATURES OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF COST IMPACTS




ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INCREMENTAL QUALITY




OF WATER.




        WE WILL CONTINUE WITH OUR  INDUSTRIAL




EFFLUENT STUDIES AND BASE AND DEFINITION;  WE WILL




ESTABLISH OUR WATER QUALITY GOALS;  WE WILL DO




WORK ON AGRICULTURAL RELEASES, ON  FRESH WATER




POLLUTION FACTORS, ON URBAN RUNOFF CHARACTERIS-





TICS AND OTHER WASTE LOADINGS--THE IDENTIFICATION





OF OTHER WASTE LOADINGS THAT GO  INTO  THE GALVES-




TON BAY SYSTEM.




        FOLLOWING THIS WE WILL DEVELOP  THE ALTER-




NATIVE PLANS AND HAVE PUBLIC HEARINGS TO TRY THESE




PLANS ON THE PEOPLE IN THE AREA  TO ASSURL  THAT




WHAT WE ARE SUGGESTING THE LOCAL PEOPLE WILL




BUY IN THEIR LOGICAL CONCLUSIONS.




        WE ALL KNOW THAT THE GALVESTON  BAY STUDY,




BEING A THREE-YEAR STUDY, WILL NOT BE THE  END.

-------
                                                       39
               COLONEL  FRANK  BENDER







       WE ARE NOT A STUDY  TO  RECOMMEND ANOTHER STUDY





       BE MADE, BUT WE  ARE  A  STUDY  TO COME UP WITH





       THE FINAL CONCLUSION BASED  ON  INFORMATION WE





       HAVE NOW.





               AS TIME  GOES ON  AND  OTHER INFORMATION





       BECOMES AVAILABLE WE WILL THEN TAKE THIS INFOR-





       MATION, CRANK  IT INTO  THE MATHEMATICAL MODELS





       THAT ARE ALREADY DEVELOPED  AND REFINE AND REFINE





       AND REFINE AS  YEARS  GO ON AND  CONDITIONS CHANGE.





               I AM GLAD,  MR. GALEGAR,  THAT I HAD THIS





       OPPORTUNITY TO VERY  BRIEFLY  TELL YOU WHAT THE





       GALVESTON BAY  STUDY  IS DOING AND WILL FORWARD TO





       YOU A WRITTEN  STATEMENT  COVERING THIS IN MORE





       DETAIL.





               THANK  YOU.





MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, FRANK,  FOR THAT MOST EXCELLENT





       PRESENTATION AND REVIEW.   I  CANNOT HELP 3UT RE-





       HARK THAT THIS STUDY,  WHICH  IS UNDERTAKEN oY THE





       TEXAS WATER QUALITY  BOARD,  IS  A REAL MAJOR EFFORT





       AND THE EXECUTIVE SECTION KNOWS THIS AND FRANK





       KNOWS THIS VERY  WELL,  AND  IT'S GOING TO TAKE A





       LOT OF PUSHING ON THE  WHEELS TO GET THIS WAGON

-------
                                                       'fO
       OUT OF THE MIRE; AND  I AM SURE HE  IS  GOING  TO




       APPRECIATE ANY HELP THAT YOU CAN GIVE HIM AND




       MR. YANT IS WILL DO THE SAME.




               BUT THIS IS A REAL  COMPREHENSIVE EFFORT




       AND FOR ANY OF YOU THAT ARE LOOKING  FOR  SOMETHING





       TO DO--SOME PLACE TO  CONTRIBUTE--! WOULD ENCOUR-




       AGE YOU TO MAKE CONTACT WITH THESE TWO INDIVIDUALS




               VERY BRIEFLY, MR. YANTIS SAID THAT  HE





       WILL ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS CONCERNING  MR. JOE




       SORRELS' PRESENTATION, OR MR. SORRELS, AS THE




       CASE MAY BE, OR FRANK.




               WE WILL ALLOW A MOMENT HERE  TO SEE  IF




       THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS OR  IF YOU WOULD  PREFER




       TO TALK TO EACH OF THESE INDIVIDUALS  AFTER  WE




       RECESS, LATER IN THE  EVENING.




               SEEING NONE I WILL  TAKE UP THE SUBJECT




       THAT--




               OH, PARDON ME.  WE  HAVE ONE  HERE.   I





       AM SORRY.  I DIDN'T SEE YOUR HAND  UP.




MR. TENNEBONNE:  i WOULD LIKE TO SAY ONE  THING, OR ADD





       ONE THING.




MR. GALEGAR:  PARDON ME.  MAY I ASK YOU TO  DO ONE

-------
       THING?  WOULD YOU  IDENTIFY  YOURSELF?




MR. TENNEBONNE:  MR. TENNEBONNE--ADOLPH  S.  TENNEBONNE.




               ALL OF THESE  STUDIES  AND  ALL  OF THESE





       FINDINGS THAT I FIND  BY  THE TON,  THE  INDIVIDUAL




       HAS TO DIG THEM OUT.  WHY AREN'T  THEY PUBLIC




       INFORMATION?...WHY AREN'T THEY  PRINTED INFORMA-




       TION FOR THE PUBLIC?




               NOW, THIS  STUDY, COLONEL  BENDER SAID




       THERE, HAS BEEN GOING ON FOR  ONE  YEAR.   NOW,




       TO DATE THERE IS NO PUBLIC  INFORMATION TO THE




       PUBLIC ON WHAT HAS GONE  ON.   THIS IS  THE FIRST




       I HAVE HEARD OF IT, AND  IT'S  BEEN IN  OPERATION




       FOR OVER A YEAR.




               AS A MATTER OF FACT,  I  INQUIRED TO THE




       ARMY ENGINEERS TO  FIND OUT  WHO  WAS  EVEN IN CHARGE




       OF IT OR ANYTHING  ELSE.  NOBODY KNEW.




MR. YANTIS:  I GUESS THE  BEST ANSWER IS  THE  FACT THAT




       YOU CAN FIND OUT ABOUT IT AT  ALL  SHOWS THAT IT'S




       PUBLIC INFORMATION.   IT'S BEEN  IN MANY NEWS-





       PAPERS; IT'S BEEN  READILY AVAILABLE  TO MANY,




       MANY PEOPLE FOR A  LONG,  LONG  TIME.   I DO KNOW,




       OF COURSE, THAT THERE IS AN OLD PROVERB AROUND

-------
       OFFICES, "THERE  IS ALWAYS  SOMEONE  WHO IS  THE





       LAST TO KNOW."





               I REALIZE THAT YOU HAVE  NOT KNOWN,  BUT





       YOU COULD HAVE KNOWN.  I THINK THAT EVERYTHING





       WE DO IS PUBLIC  KNOWLEDGE.   THE  BOARD MEETINGS





       THAT WE HAVE ARE PUBLIC AND OPEN,  THE PUBLIC





       HEARINGS THAT WE HAVE ARE  PUBLIC AND OPEN.   I





       THINK THAT ANY INTERESTED  CITIZEN  CAN FIND  OUT





       AND I MUST POINT OUT, YOU,  YOURSELF, DID  FIND





       OUT AFTER YOU TRIED  TO.





MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT.  ANY OTHERS?





               WE DO HAVE A STATEMENT OF  PRESENTATIONS





       TO BE MADE THIS  MORNING AND THE  ORDER IN  WHICH





       WE WILL CALL THOSE FORTH ARE  THE FEDERAL  AGEN-





       CIES, OF WHICH THERE IS TWO--ONE WE HAVE  HEARD--





       THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS AND U. S. GEOLOGICAL





       SURVEY, THE STATE AGENCIES—MY LIST INCLUDES





       FOUR OF THESE; THEN  THE POLLUTANT  SUBDIVISIONS





       BELOW THE STATE  LEVEL, THE CITY  AND COUNTY,





       AND THEN FROM THERE  ON WE  WILL GO  IN ORDER  IN





       WHICH THESE CARDS ARE PASSED  UP  TO ME,  WHICH





       ARE THE GROUPS AND THEN THE INDIVIDUALS.

-------
               WE DO HAVE QUITE A NUMBER  HERE,  BUT  I




       WOULD LIKE TO ASSURE YOU THAT  WE WILL  STAY  HERE




       UNTIL WE HAVE HEARD FROM ALL WHO WISH  TO BE




       HEARD, EVEN IF IT'S NECESSARY  FOR  US  TO  CARRY




       OVER UNTIL TOMORROW.





               BUT BOTH THE STATE AND WE  ARE  ANXIOUS




       TO HEAR ALL OF YOUR THOUGHTS,  SO PLEASE  BEAR WITH




       US IF IT TURNS OUT TO BE A LITTLE  BIT  LONG.  BUT





       THESE ESTUARINES ARE IMPORTANT TO  US  INDIVIDUALLY




       AND TO ALL OF THOSE DIVISIONS  ABOVE  THE  INDIVIDUAL




       AND WE CAN ONLY RECOMMEND AND  DO WHAT  YOU HAVE




       PUT INTO THE RECORD.




               SO WITH THAT, IF THERE ARE NO  QUESTIONS




       WE WILL GO TO THE FIRST FEDERAL SPEAKER  WHO




       HAS ASKED TO BE HEARD, WHO IS  MR.  S.  B.  MOON--




       COLONEL S. B. MOON — PARDON ME--WHO IS  THE DIS-




       TRICT ENGINEER FOR THE DISTRICT LOCATED  IN  GAL-




       VESTOM, TEXAS.  COLONEL MOON.




COLONEL MOON:  MR. GALEGAR, I AM COLONEL  FRANKLIN  13.





       MOON, DISTRICT ENGINEER FOP, THE CALVESTON DIS-




       TRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS.  I  HAVE A  BRIEF  STATE-




       MENT TO MAKE REGARDING THE FUNCTIONS  OF  THE

-------
      COLONEL FRANKLIN B.  MOON







CORPS OF ENGINEERS AS THEY  RELATE  TO THE  PUR-




POSE OF THIS HEARING.




        THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS  HAS THREE  BASIC




FUNCTIONS WHICH ARE PERTINENT.   FIRST,  THE





ADMINISTRATION OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR  ACT  OF




1899 WHICH REGULATES WORK  BY PRIVATE INDUSTRY




AND INDIVIDUALS IN NAVIGABLE WATERS  OF  THE




UNITED STATES, INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION,  DREDG-




ING, DEPOSITING OF MATERIALS, ETC.  REGULATION




OF SUCH ACTIVITIES IS CONTROLLED BY  A PERMIT




SYSTEM, WHICH I SHALL DISCUSS IN MORE DETAIL




LATER.  SECOND IS THE EVALUATION,  DESIGN,  AND




CONSTRUCTION OF RIVER AND  HARBOR,  FLOOD CONTROL,





AND OTHER WATER RESOURCES  PROJECTS IN THE  BAYS,




ESTUARIES, AND TRIBUTARY STREAMS.   THIRD  IS




THE MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING NAVIGATION  PROJECTS.




ALL OF THESE AFFECT IN SOME DEGREE THE  CONDI-




TION OF THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES  AND ALL  HiPINGil




TO SOME DEGREE ON THE FUNCTIONS AND  RESPONSIBILI-




TIES OF OTHER AGENCIES WHICH HAVE  SPECIFIC





INTERESTS IN THE BAYS AND  ESTUARIES.




        THE ESTABLISHED POLICY  OF  THE CORPS

-------
       COLONEL  FRANKLIN  B.  MOON







OF ENGINEERS WITH  RESPECT  TO  THESE FUNCTIONS





IS TO RECOGNIZE THE  DIVERSE INTERESTS OF ALL





OTHER AGENCIES  AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC AND,  WHEN





CONFLICTING OPINIONS  OR  INTERESTS  DEVELOP,  TO





SEEK TO RECONCILE  THEM IN  THE BEST PUBLIC INTER-





EST.  ADMITTEDLY,  SOLUTIONS SATISFACTORY TO ALL





ARE NOT ALWAYS  AVAILABLE,  BUT A  TRUE EFFORT IS





ALWAYS MADE TO  FIND  THEM.





        RETURNING  TO  THE THREE FUNCTIONS MEN-





TIONED, I WILL  SPEAK  FIRST  OF THE  PERMIT SYSTEM.





NO ONE CAN LEGALLY BUILD IN,  ALTER,  OR DEPOSIT





IN NAVIGABLE WATERS WITHOUT THE  EXPRESS PERMIS-





SION OF THE CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS.   EACH PERMIT





APPLICATION IS  PUBLICIZED  NOT ONLY TO THE GENERAL





PUBLIC BUT ALSO TO ALL FEDERAL,  STATE, AND LOCAL





GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES HAVING  INTEREST OR JURIS-





DICTION.  OBJECTIONS  TO  THE PROPOSED PERMIT





ARE REFERRED BACK  TO  THE APPLICANT IN ORDER THAT





HIS PROPOSAL MAY BE MODIFIED  TO  ELIMINATE OoJEC-





TIONABLE ASPECTS.  IN RECENT  YEARS,  WITH THE





INCREASING EMPHASIS ON WATER  QUALITY AND MARINE





ECOLOGY, MORE DETAILED COORDINATION  HAS DEVELOPED

-------
       COLONEL FRANKLIN  B.  MOON








WITH STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES  CONCERNED WITH





POLLUTION, WATER QUALITY, AND  FISH  AND WILDLIFE





RESOURCES.  UNDER PRESENT PROCEDURES,  FAILURE





TO RECONCILE DIFFERENCES  IN THESE ASPECTS AT





THE LOCAL LEVEL REQUIRES  REFERRAL OF THE ENTIRE





MATTER TO WASHINGTON  FOR  RECONCILIATION BETWEEN





THE SECRETARIES OF THE ARMY AND  INTERIOR.  SEV-





ERAL RECENT APPLICANTS FOR  PERMITS  WILL TESTIFY





NOT ONLY THAT THE PROCEDURES ARE  LABORIOUS BUT





ALSO THAT EXTENSIVE EFFORTS ARE  PUT FORTH TO





PROTECT THE ECOLOGY AND  QUALITY  OF  BAY AND





ESTAURINE WATERS.  THE SEVERAL PERMITS WHICH





HAVE RECENTLY BEEN GRANTED  FOR DREDGING SHELL





IN GALVESTON AND SAN  ANTONIO BAYS ARE  EXCELLENT





EXAMPLES.  IN EACH CASE  THESE  PERMITS  WERE ISSUED





ONLY AFTER OBTAINING  THE  EXPRESS  CONSENT OF THE





DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR,  AND THE  BULK OF THE OPER-





ATING RESTRICTIONS INCORPORATED  INTO THE PERMIT





DOCUMENTS WAS SUPPLIED BY THAT DEPARTMENT.  THESE





RESTRICTIONS ARE OF COURSE  DESIGNED TO PROTECT





THE VITAL ASPECTS OF  THE  ECOLOGY  OF THE BAY





SYSTEMS.

-------
       COLONEL  FRANKLIN  B.  MOON








        AS TO OUR  SECOND RESPONSIBILITY, NEW





PROJECTS, NONE  ARE  CONCEIVED OR INITIATED BY





THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS.   EACH IS  SPONSORED BY





LOCAL INTERESTS AND  THEIR POLITICAL REPRESENTA-





TIVES BASED ON  A PUBLIC  OR  ECONOMIC NEED.  IN





FORMULATING AND EVALUATING  EACH PROJECT FOR





CONSIDERATION,  NATURALLY WE HAVE  THE RESPONSI-





BILITY FOR DEVELOPING  THE MOST ECONOMICAL AND





FUNCTIONAL PROJECT  TO  SUIT  THE INTENDED PURPOSE.





THIS RESPONSIBILITY  IS TEMPERED BY AN EQUAL





RESPONSIBILITY  FOR  ENVIRONMENTAL  CONSIDERATIONS.





WE CONSIDER AND EVALUATE, FOR EXAMPLE,  POSSIBLE





ADVERSE EFFECTS ON  FISH  AND WILDLIFE HABITAT





AND INVESTIGATE MITIGATION  MEASURES.  NOWHERE





IS IT MORE ESSENTIAL THAT WE DO THIS AND IN NO





CASE IS THIS QUESTION  RECEIVING MORE ATTENTION





THAN IN OUR CURRENT, VERY COMPLICATED AND COM-





PREHENSIVE STUDY AIMED AT PROVIDING HURRICANE





FLOOD PROTECTION TO  THE  ENTIRE TEXAS COAST.





THIS STUDY WAS  AUTHORIZED LiY THE  CONGRESS SEV-





ERAL YEARS AGO  AND  THt CURRENTLY  MOST ACTIVE POR-





TION OF THE STUDY  CONCERNS  THE GALVESTON BAY COM-

-------
       COLONEL FRANKLIN  B.  MOON







PLEX.  THE ESTIMATED  COST  OF  THE  PROTECTIVE





WORKS FOR THIS AREA ALONE  IS  ABOUT  $600  MILLION





AND MANY OF THESE MILLIONS  ARE DIRECTLY  ATTRIBUT-





ABLE TO THE PROVISION OF CONSERVATION MEASURES.





PROJECT EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT  IS COORDINATED





EVERY STEP OF THE WAY WITH  STATE  AND FEDERAL





AGENCIES CONCERNED WITH  WATER RESOURCES.   COM-





PLETE DETAILS OF UNRECONCILED DIFFERENCES  ARE





PRESENTED TO THE CONGRESS  FOR CONSIDERATION





WITH THE REPORT ON THE PROJECT.  TO  THE EXTENT





POSSIBLE, THE CONGRESS HAS  ALL THE  PROS  AND CONS





AVAILABLE FOR ITS CONSIDERATION OF  THE PROJECT





WHEN IT DECIDES WHETHER  OR  NOT IT SHOULD BE





AUTHORIZED.  AND WITH REGARD  TO NEW PROJECTS,





ONE BASIC PRINCIPLE NEEDS  TO  BE STATED,  UNDER-





STOOD, AND ACCEPTED IF WE  ARE TO  CONTINUE  TO





DEVELOP AND CONTROL OUP  WATER RESOURCES.   PRO-





JECTS AFFECTING WATER RESOURCES CANNOT bE  BUILT





WITHOUT CAUSING SOME  CHANGE IN THE  NATURAL STATE.





CHANGE MAY NOT BE ALL TO THE  GOOD,  AND NEED NOT





BE ALL TO THE BAD.  IT IS  IMPORTANT THAT ALL





EFFECTS, GOOD AND BAD, BE  THOROUGHLY EVALUATED

-------
       COLONEL FRANKLIN  B.  MOON







AND WEIGHED TOGETHER  IN  THE PUBLIC INTEREST,





AND I CAN UNEQUIVOCALLY  STATE  THAT THIS IS





EXACTLY THE AIM OF THE CORPS OF  ENGINEERS.





        THE THIRD FUNCTION,  MAINTENANCE OF





EXISTING NAVIGATION PROJECTS,  PRESENTS  A PARTI-





CULAR PROBLEM.  IT IS OBVIOUS  THAT NAVIGATION





PROJECTS UPON WHICH HUGE  INDUSTRIAL AND SHIPPING





COMPLEXES SUCH AS HOUSTON,  CORPUS  CHRISTI, TEXAS





CITY, FREEPORT, AND PORT  ARTHUR  DEPEND  MUST BE





MAINTAINED.   IT IS EVIDENT  ALSO  THAT THE SEDI-





MENT REMOVED  FROM THESE  CHANNELS  MUST BE PUT





SOMEWHERE.  TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE,  WE  EITHER





PLACE IT IN CONFINED  DISPOSAL  AREAS OR  CARRY  IT





TO SEA WHERE  IT CAN BE EFFECTIVELY DISPERSED.





IN ALL CASES  THE IMPORTANCE OF MINIMIZING AD-





VERSE EFFECTS ON PUBLIC  WATERS IS  KEPT  CLEARLY





IN MIND.  ECONOMICAL  AND  PERFLCT  SOLUTIONS CAN-





NOT ALWAYS BE FOUND,  BUT  WE HAVE  A RESPONSIBILITY





TO SEEK THEM  AND FIND THEM  WHEREVER POSSIBLE.





        ASIDE FROM THE THREE BASIC FUNCTIONS





MENTIONED, THE INTEREST  OF  THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS





IN WATER RESOURCES EXTENDS  WELL  BEYOND  NARROW

-------
                                                50
       COLONEL FRANKLIN B. MOON








PROJECT BOUNDARIES, AND ITS  CURRENT  ACTIVITIES





EXTEND WELL BEYOND THE RELATIVELY  NARROW  MIS-





SION OF A CONSTRUCTION AGENCY.   THIS IS  ILLUS-





TRATED BY OUR CURRENT PARTICIPATION  WITH  THE





STATE OF TEXAS AND OTHER  FEDERAL AGENCIES IN





TWO IMPORTANT SPECIAL STUDIES:   FIRST, WITH THE





TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD  IN THE STUDY  OF





OPTIMUM STATE-WIDE DEVELOPMENT OF  FRESH  WATER





RESOURCES; AND, SECOND, WITH THE TEXAS WATER





QUALITY BOARD IN  ITS GALVESTON BAY POLLUTION





STUDY.  THE LATTER IS, OF COURSE,  VERY RELEVANT





TO THE PURPOSES OF THIS HEARING.





        AND AT THIS POINT, IT  MIGHT  BE APPRO-





PRIATE IF I COMMENT BRIEFLY  ON ONE OF OUR LESS





WELL-KNOWN ACTIVITIES IN  THE POLLUTION FIELD.





THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS IS INVOLVED IN CONTROL





OF" POLLUTION THROUGH ENFORCEMENT OF  THE  REFUSE





ACT (SECTION 13 OF T.HE RIVER 5 HARBOR ACT OF





3 MARCH 1899).  THIS ACT  PROHIBITS THE DEPOSIT





OF REFUSE OF ANY  KIND, INCLUDING OIL, INTO





NAVIGABLE WATERS.  WE RECOGNIZE  THE  REFUSE  ACT





AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR  CONTROLLING POLLUTION,

-------
                                                51
       COLONEL FRANKLIN  B.  MOON
•

AND IT IS OUR POLICY  TO  ASSURE  ITS USE IN THE

PUBLIC INTEREST.  OBSERVATION,  DETECTION AND

INVESTIGATION OF  INSTANCES  OF  POLLUTION IS,

FOR THE MOST PART, ACCOMPLISHED  BY THE COAST

GUARD.  THIS AGENCY THEN FURNISHES US A REPORT

OF THE INCIDENT WHICH  INCLUDES  THE NAMES OF

WITNESSES, ALL PERTINENT DETAILS,  AND POSSIBLY

SAMPLES.  UPON RECEIPT OF A REPORT CONCERNING

POLLUTION DISCHARGE,  THE CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS

REVIEWS THE CASE  FOR  LEGAL  SUFFICIENCY AND APPLI-

CABILITY OF THE REFUSE ACT  AND  FORWARDS THE MAT-

TER TO THE APPROPRIATE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE  FOR PROSECUTION.  IN THE.

PORT AREAS OF THE GULF COAST,  OIL  POLLUTION FROM

30TI-I SHIPS AND SHORE  INSTALLATIONS IS ONE OF

THE MORE COMMON POLLUTION PROBLEMS.   IN THE PAST

T/,'ELVtZ MONTHS, WE HAVE FOR^ARDLD 44  CASES OF

REPORTED OIL POLLUTION IN THE  HOUSTON SHIP CHAN-

NEL, CORPUS CHRISTI HARbOR,  AND  SAB INE-NECHES

WATERWAY ALONE.   TO DATE, PENALTIES  HAVE BEEN

COLLECTED IN 16 OF THESE CASES,  RANGING FROM

THE MINIMUM FINE  OF $500 TO THE  MAXIMUM OF

-------
                                                       52
              COLONEL FRANKLIN B. MOON






       $2,500.




               IT IS OUR HOPE AND INTENTION TO  CON-




       TINUE TO COOPERATE IN AND CONTRIBUTE CONSTRUC-




       TIVELY TO ANY FUTURE ACTIVITIES WHICH  PROMISE




       TO PRESERVE AND ENHANCE OUR ESTUARINE  WATERS.




MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, COLONEL.  IF YOU DON'T  MIND




       WAITING JUST FOR A MOMENT.




               LET ME ASK FIRST FROM MY PANEL MEMBERS,




       DO YOU HAVE A QUESTION OF COLONEL MOON?




               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS FROM THE  AUDI-




       ENCE?




               WE HAVE ONE RIGHT HERE.




MR. TENNEBONNE:  I AM JUST A STUPID FISHERMAN.   PLEASE,




       I  WOULD LIKE TOASK A LOT OF QUESTIONS  SO  I  CAN




       BE EDUCATED.




               WHY IS THE PENALTY OF THE LAW  SO  LOW?




       NOW, ANSWER ME THAT.




MR. GALEGAR:  PARDON ME, SIR.  WILL YOU IDENTIFY YOUR-




       SELF AGAIN FOR THE RECORD?




MR. TENNEBONNE:  MR. TENNEBONNE.




COLONEL MOON:  THANK YOU VERY MUCH, MR. TENNEBONNE,




       FOR ASKING ME A QUESTION  I KNOW THE ANSWER  TO.

-------
                                                       53
               THE PENALTY OF THE  LAW  IS  SO  LOW  BECAUSE




       THE CONGRESS MADE IT THAT WAY.




MR. GALEGAR:  COLONEL, WE WISH TO  THANK YOU  FOR  THIS




       EXCELLENT STATEMENT AND YOU WILL BE PROVIDED A




       COPY OF ALL OF THE TRANSCRIPT.




COLONEL MOON:  THANK YOU, SIR.




MR. GALEGAR:  A MOMENT AGO i GAVE  YOU  THE ORDER  IN WHICH




       WE WOULD PRESENT THINGS AND AS  ALL RULES  ARE




       MADE TO HAVE SOME EXCEPTIONS, WE WILL  HAVE AN




       EXCEPTION TO THE ORDER IN WHICH I  PRESENT IT.




               AS THE CHAIRMAN, THERE  ARE ALWAYS SOME




       THINGS THAT HAPPEN TO YOU AND ONE  OF  THESE IS




       A PARTICULARLY NICE ONE THAT HAPPENED  TO  ME AT




       THIS MOMENT.  THE HOST, THE MAYOR  OF  THE  HOST




       CITY WHICH WE ARE IN HAS ARRIVED HERE  AND SO I




       WOULD LIKE TO INTERRUPT THE SEQUENCE  OF PRESENTA-




       TIONS TO GIVE HIM TWO OPPORTUNITIES:   ONE, TO




       WELCOME US HERE AND THE SECOND  ONE, WHILE HE IS




       HERE, TO ALSO PRESENT THE STATEMENTS  FOR  THE




       CITY OF GALVESTON.




               AT THIS TIME I GIVE YOU MAYOR  EDWARD




       SCHREIBER.

-------
              MAYOR EDWARD  SCHREISER







MAYOR SCHREIBER:  THANK YOU VERY  MUCH.   I  HATED TO




       BREAK INTO THE MIDDLE OF A PROGRAM,  BUT I  AM




       GLAD I DID.




               THE REASON I AM HERE A  LITTLE  BIT  LATE,




       IF YOU DON'T MIND, LADIES  AND GENTLEMEN, IS THAT




       I  JUST GOT THROUGH HELPING TO PRESENT  THE  TWtNTY-




       THIRD BILLIONTH POUND OF SUGAR  TO MRS.  I.  H.





       KEMPNER OF THE IMPERIAL SUGAR COMPANY.




               HOWEVER, AT  THIS TIME,  MR.  GALEGAR, AND




       MEMBERS OF THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION  CONTROL




       ADMINISTRATION, I WANT TO  SAY WELCOME  TO GALVES-




       TON AND TO OUR BEAUTIFUL CITY AND PARTICULARLY




       TO A CITY THAT APPRECIATES THE  FACT THAT YOU




       GENTLEMEN ARE HERE CONCERNED ABOUT  THE  AFFAIRS




       OF WATER POLLUTION IN OUR  AREA  AND  IN  OTHER




       AREAS.




               THE CITY OF  GALVESTON HAS A SERIOUS




       PROBLEM IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL.  IN  A MAJOR




       SENSE, THIS IS CAUSED BY THE FACT THAT  WE  ARE




       AN ISLAND AND A RESORT CENTER.   TO  MAKE THE




       ISLAND ATTRACTIVE TO TOURISTS,  WE MUST  DO  EVERY-




       THING IN OUR POWER TO IMPROVE THE APPEARANCE

-------
                                                55
       MAYOR EDWARD  SCHREIBER







AND CONDITIONS ON THE  ISLAND.





        IN THE AREA  OF WATER POLLUTION:   GALVES-




TON IS VITALLY INTERESTED,  AGAIN  DUE TO THE




FACT THAT WE ARE SURROUNDED BY  WATER.   THE CITY




OF GALVESTON, WITH FEDERAL  ASSISTANCE,  HAS HIRED




A FIRM OF CONSULTING ENGINEERS  TO MAKE  AN INVEN-




TORY OF OUR SANITARY SEWER  SYSTEM AND ALSO TO





MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS, WITH  PRIORITIES,  AS TO




HOW THE CITY SHOULD  UPGRADE THIS  SYSTEM.   THIS




STUDY REPORT HAS JUST BEEN  RECEIVED AND IT WILL




BE FOLLOWED AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE SUBJECT ONLY




TO THE AVAILABILITY  OF FUNDS.   IN GENERAL, IT




RECOMMENDS NEW SANITARY MAINS  IN  THE OLDER AREAS




OF TOWN WHERE WE HAVE COMBINED  SEWERS.   IT RECOM-




MENDS PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE  EFFICIENCY  OF TWO




OF OUR TREATMENT PLANTS.  IT ALSO RECOMMENDS




TWO NEW PACKAGE PLANTS AND  COLLECTION LINES IN




AREAS THAT ARE NOT SERVED BY SANITARY SEWER




SYSTEM.  WE HAVE JUST COMPLETED A COLLECTION




SYSTEM ALONG TEICHMAN ROAD  WHICH  WILL ELIMINATE




THE EXISTING SEPTIC  TANKS ALONG THE NORTH SHORE




OF OFFATS BAYOU.  THE CITY, BY  POLICY,  WILL DO

-------
                                                       56
              MAYOR EDWARD  SCHREIBER







       EVERYTHING POSSIBLE  TO  ELIMINATE  ANY SOURCE




       OF WATER POLLUTION FROM WITHIN  THE  CITY LIMITS.




               FROM THE  FOREGOING,  I AM  SURE THAT YOU




       CAN SEE THAT WE ARE  AWARE  OF THE  PROBLEMS THAT




       AFFECT OUR ENVIRONMENT  AND I CAN  ASSURE YOU THAT




       WE ARE CONSTANTLY STRIVING TO  IMPROVE THE SITUA-




       TION AND MAKE GALVESTON ISLAND  A  BETTER PLACE




       ON WHICH TO LIVE  OR  VISIT.




MR. YANTIS:  THE LAST TIME  I WAS  IN GALVESTON TO MAKE




       ANY KIND OF A PUBLIC ADDRESS I  NOTICED THAT THE




       MAYOR HAD ON A RATHER UNIQUE TIE  PIN.  THIS IS





       IT (INDICATING).  YOU NOTICE I  AM WEARING IT.




       IT'S THE KEY TO THE  CITY.   THE  MAYOR APPARENTLY




       HAS A POCKETFUL OF THESE.   HE  IS  WEARING ANOTHER




       ONE.  BUT BILL GALEGAR  IS  NOT.




                                    (LAUGHTER).




MAYOR SCHREIBER:  HOW OTHERWISE CAN YOU  GET PUT ON A




       SPOT LIKE THIS?   HE  DIDN'T KNOW THAT I WAS GOING





       TO TAKE IT OFF AND SAY  "MR.  GALEGAR, ON BEHALF




       OF THE PEOPLE OF  GALVESTON I WANT TO PRESENT




       YOU THE KEY TO THE CITY, WHICH  IS A TIE CLASP.




                                    (APPLAUSE).

-------
                                                       57
MR. GALEGAR:  MAYOR, IN EXCHANGE--I CANNOT  LET YOU  GET




       AWAY--I HAVE HEARD ABOUT TAKING THE  SHIRT OFF




       OF A FELLOW'S BACK, BUT I HAVE NEVER TAKEN A




       TIE PIN, BUT SINCE YOU Akc NOW ONE OF US, LET




       US PRESENT YOU WITH THE CLEAN WATER  BUTTON,




       WHICH ALSO CAN BE WORN AS A TIE CLASP IF YOU SO




       WISH TO PIN  IT ON.




MAYOR SCHREIBER:  THANK YOU AND I WILL RIGHT THIS MIN-




       UTE.




               SAY, YOU KNOW, IT WORKS.  THERE WE ARE.




       THANK YOU VERY MUCH.




MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU VERY MUCH, MR. MAYOR.




               I NEVER KNOW WHEN I HAVE THESE PRIVI-




       LEGES TO DO THIS JUST HOW MUCH ENJOYMENT THAT




       I AM GOING TO GET, SINCE HUGH ALSO PROVIDES  ME




       SOME AND THE MAYOR HAS PROVIDED ME SOME ADDI-




       TIONAL.




               ALL RIGHT.  NOW, WE SHALL NOW PROCEED




       WITH THE REGULAR PROGRAM.  THE NEXT  SPEAK THAT




       WE HAVE LISTED IS MR. TRIGG TWICHELL, U. S.




       GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, WHO WILL PRESENT  A STATEMENT




       FOR HIS BUREAU.

-------
                                                       58
                MR. TRIGG TWICHELL
                      #


MR. TWICHELL:  MR. CHAIRMAN,  MEMBERS  OF YOUR COMMITTEE,


       I WOULD LIKE TO  INTRODUCE  TWO  MEMBERS OF MY


       STAFF THAT ARE ASSOCIATED  WITH ME IN ESTUARINE


       STUDIES ON THE TEXAS  COAST,  ONE ROBERT SM*ITH


       WHO IS IN CHARGE OF OUR  SUB-OFFICE IN HOUSTON,


       AND DAN HAHL, WHO IS  THE PROJECT CHIEF OF THE


       BAY AND ESTUARY  STUDIES  BEING  CONDUCTED BY THE


       GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.


               I THINK  MANY  OF  THE  PEOPLE IN THIS ROOM


       ARE ACQUAINTED WITH THE  POSITION THE GEOLOGICAL


       SURVEY HAS IN  THIS OPERATION,  BUT FOR THE BENE-


       FIT OF THOSE WHO ARE  NOT,  I  WOULD LIKE TO SAY


       THAT THE ORGANIC ACT  OF  CONGRESS CREATED THE


       GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.  WE HAVE  THE AUTHORIZATION TO


       MAKE WATER RESOURCES  INVESTIGATION OF THE UNITED


       STATES.  AND TO  CONTINUALLY  RE-EVALUATE THESE


       AS DEVELOPMENT TAKES  PLACE.   SO AS A RESULT OF


       THIS INVESTIGATIONS OF THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES


       ARE NATURALLY A  PART  OF  OUR  OPERATION.  WE ARE


       NOT A MONITORING AGENCY, WE  ARE COLLECTING


       BASIC DATA TO  BE USED BY OTHERS WHO HAVE THE


       RESPONSIBILITY OF EVALUATING OR OF DEVELOPING

-------
                                                59
         MR. TRIGG TWICHELL








WAYS AND MEANS OF POLLUTION ABATEMENT AND ALSO





TO ASSIST THEM IN WATER  MANAGEMENT,  SO FAR AS





OUR AUTHORIZATIONS GO.





        WE DO CONFINE  OUR INVESTIGATIONS TO THE





STREAMS, THE MAJOR RIVERS OF THE STATE,  AND THE





ESTUARIES THEMSELVES AND THE BAYS.   NOW THE ONLY





PART THAT WE ARE PLAYING IN THE  GALVESTON BAY





AND HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL INVESTIGATION IS THAT





WE HAVE A LARGE HYDOLOGY PROGRAM IN THE IMMEDI-





ATE AREA OF HOUSTON, A.1D THROUGH THL COOPERATIVE





PROGRAM THAT WE HAVE WITH THE TEXAS STATE BOARD





OF WATER ENGINEERS, OR TEXAS WATcP.  DCVE LOP! ,£: IT





oOARD, WE HAVE ADDED TO  THAT PROGRAM A WATER





QUALITY NETWORK THAT IS  A CONTINUOUS RECORD OF





WATER QUALITY THAT COMES OUT OF  THE METROPOLITAN





AREA AND IS DISCHARGED  IN THE HOUSTON SHIP CHAN-





NEL.  WE HAVE A SIMILAR  NETWORK  OF  WATER QUALITY





STATIONS OVER THE COASTAL STREAMS AND SOME OF





THESE ARE BEING ESTABLISHED TODAY.





        OUR BIGGEST COOPERATOR IN THE STATE OF





TEXAS IS THE TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD, AND





WE HAVE WORKED WITH THAT AGENCY  OR  ITS PREDCCES-

-------
                                                60
         MR. TRIGG TWICHELL







SORS SINCE  1950.




        IN  SEPTEMBER  1967, THE  U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL




SURVEY IN COOPERATION WITH THE  TEXAS  WATER  DE-




VELOPMENT BOARD BEGAN AN APPRAISAL OF WATER




RESOURCES IN THE PRINCIPAL BAYS AMD ESTUARIES




ALONG THE TEXAS COAST — EXCEPTING  GALVESTON  BAY,




WHICH IS BEING STUDIED BY OTHER AGENCIES, AND




THE RIO GRANDE.  OBJECTIVES OF  THE STUDY  ARE  TO




DEFINE:  CD  THE OCCURRENCE, SOURCE,  AND DIS-




TRIBUTION OF NUTRIENTS, (2)  CURRENT  PATTERNS,





DIRECTION,  AND RATES  OF MOVEMENT;  (3)  THE





PHYSICAL, ORGANIC, AND INORGANIC  WATER QUALITY




PATTERNS; AND O) THE OCCURRENCE,  QUANTITY, AND




DISPERSION  OF FRESH WATER AND RETURN  FLOWS




THROUGH THE BAYS AND  ESTUARIES.




        FIELD WORK ON THE BAYS  AND ESTUARIES




STUDY WAS BEGUN SOMEWHAT EARLIER  THAN HAD SEEN




PLANNED, BECAUSE OF THE OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY





CORPUS CHRISTI AND SAN ANTONIO  BAYS UNDER THE




EXTRAORDINARY CONDITIONS OF FLOOD INFLOWS THAT





OCCURRED BECAUSE OF HURRICANE BEULAH.   THE  RE-




SULTS OF THIS STUDY HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED BY  THE

-------
                                                61
         MR. TRIGG TWICHELL







TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT  BOARD  (GROZIER AND




OTHERS, 1968, P. 47-61).




        WORK DONE IN  1968  FISCAL  YEAR GENERALLY




WAS OF A RECONNAISSANCE  NATURE.   FIELD TECHNI-





QUES AND METHODS WERE  DEVELOPED AND SOME BACK-





GROUND INFORMATION WAS OBTAINED FROM MOST OF




THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES.  THE MAJOR  EFFORT WAS





CONFINED TO THE SABINE-NECHES,  LAVACA RIVER,




NUECES RIVER, AND GUADALUPE RIVER ESTUARIES.




HOWEVER, RECONNAISSANCE  STUDIES WERE MADE ON




SOME OF THE OTHER ESTUARIES.   THE FOLLOWING




LIST INDICATES THE ESTUARIES BEING  STUDIED




AND THE NUMBER OF SURVEYS  MADE ON EACH TO DATE.




      ESTUARY               NO. OF  VISITS




SABINE-NECHES                     6




BRAZOS RIVER                      0




EAST MATAGORDA                    0




COLORADO RIVER                    1




LAVACA-TRES PALACIOS              3




GUADALUPE RIVER                   3




MISSION-ARANSAS                   1





NUECES RIVER                      3

-------
                                                62
         MR. TRIGG TWICHELL







        ESTUARY              NO.  OF VISITS




BAFFIN BAY                        1





LAGUNA MADRE                      1




        IN ADDITION TO  THESE STUDIES,  A COOPERA-




TIVE, REMOTE-SENSING STUDY OF THE  SAB INE-NECHES




ESTUARY WAS MADE  IN SEPTEMBER 1968 BY  THE U.  S.




GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS




AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION.  THE  PURPOSE  OF THIS




INVESTIGATION WAS TO TEST THE FEASIBILITY OF




USING REMOTE SENSING TO STUDY WATER QUALITY AND




FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN THE  BAYS AND ESTUARIES.




THE TEST AREA, WHICH INCLUDES SABINE LAKE AND




THE LOWER REACHES OF THE SABINE  AND NECHES RIVERS,




WAS TRAVERSED BY A SENSOR-EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT AT




ALTITUDES OF 1500, 4000, AND 15000 FEET.   DUR-




ING THE OVERFLIGHTS, INFRARED IMAGERY,  INFRARED




COLOR, MULTISPECTRAL, AND COLOR  PHOTOGRAPHS




WERE MADE OF THE TEST AREA.   DURING F.ACH  OVER-




FLIGHT, GROUND-TRUTH DATA, INCLUDING TEMPERA-




TURE, PH, SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE,  AND DISSOLVED




OXYGEN, WERE COLLECTED  BY BOAT.





        DURING THE 1969 FISCAL  YEAR, EMPHASIS

-------
                                                63
         MR. TRIGG TWICHELL







WILL BE ON THE COLLECTION  OF  DATA FROM GUADA-




LUPE, LAVACA-TRES PALACIOS, COLORADO,  AND EAST





MATAGORDA ESTUARIES.  WORK  IN OTHER BAYS  AND




ESTUARIES WILL DEPEND ON LIMITATION OF FUNDS




AND TIME AVAILABLE.




        A PROGRESS REPORT  ON  THE  BAYS  AND ES-




TUARIES STUDY IS SCHEDULED  FOR DECEMBER 1968




AND WILL INCLUDE BASIC DATA AND PRELIMINARY




APPRAISALS.  THEREAFTER, THE  BASIC DATA WILL




BE RELEASED TO ALL INTERESTED AGENCIES ON AS




TIMELY A BASIS AS POSSIBLE AND WILL BE RELEASED




IN AN ANNUAL BASIC DATA COMPILATION.   INTER-





PRETATIVE REPORTS WILL BE  PREPARED AND PUB-




LISHED AS THE DATA WARRANTS.




        TO COORDINATE THE  BAYS AND ESTUARIES




STUDY AND TO AVOID DUPLICATION OF WORK,  DISCUS-




SIONS HAVE BEEN HELD WITH  VARIOUS STATE,  FED-




ERAL, AND OTHER INTERESTED AGENCIES.   THESE





INCLUDE:




        1.  TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD




        2.  TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT





        3.  SABINE RIVER AUTHORITY

-------
         MR. TRIGG TWICHELL







        4.  GALVESTON  BAY  PROJECT




        5.  GULF UNIVERSITIES  RESEARCH  CORPORA-




            TION





        6.  UNIVERSITY OF  TEXAS  MARINE  SCIENCE




            INSTITUTE




        7.  FEDERAL WATER  POLLUTION  CONTROL




            ADMINISTRATION





        8.  U. S. COAST AND  GEODETIC SURVEY





        9.  U. S. BUREAU OF  COMMERCIAL  FISHERIES




       10.  U. S. ARMY CORPS OF  ENGINEERS




       11.  U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY  OFFICE  OF




            MARINE GEOLOGY




        THROUGHOUT THE COURSE  OF THE STUDY,




LIAISON WILL BE MAINTAINED WITH  THESE AGENCIES




TO ASSURE THAT THERE IS NO DUPLICATION  OF  EFFORT




IN THE COLLECTION OF DATA  AND  THAT DATA COL-




LECTED BY THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY  SERVE THE  NEEDS




OF OTHER AGENCIES TO THE MAXIMUM PRACTICABLE




EXTENT.  IN THIS CONNECTION, THE U.  S.  GEOLOGI-




CAL SURVEY AND THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION  CON-




TROL ADMINISTRATION HAVE RECENTLY DEVELOPED A





WORKING AGREEMENT FOR  COORDINATING DATA-

-------
                                                65
         MR. TRIGG  TWICHELL







ACQUISITION AND DATA-HANDLING  ACTIVITIES OF





THE TWO AGENCIES.   UNDER  THIS  AGREEMENT MUCH





OF THE CONTINUING NEED  OF FWPCA FOR WATER DATA





WILL BE MET BY THE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY AND FWPCA





WILL CONCENTRATE ATTENTION ON  SHORT-TERM AND





SPECIAL PURPOSE DATA  NEEDS.  MOST DATA ACQUIRED





BY THE TWO AGENCIES WILL  BE  STORED, PROCESSED,





AND RETRIEVED  IN A  SINGLE COMPUTER ORIENTED





DATA HANDLING  SYSTEM.





        NOW, I WOULD  LIKE TO COMMENT A LITTLE





BIT MORE ON THE RELATIONSHIP WE ARE DEVELOPING





AT THE WASHINGTON LEVEL BETWEEN OUR TWO AGENCIES.





        THE GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  HAS A MASTER NET-





WORK OF STREAM FLOW AND WATER  QUALITY THROUGHOUT





THE UNITED STATES AND THESE  DATA ARE COLLECTED





ON A CONTINUOUS BASIS AND ARE  MADE AVAILABLE TO





THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL  ADMINISTRATION, AS





WELL AS OTHER  AGENCIES.   THIS  WILL BE THE LIMITA-





TION OF OUR OPERATION SPECIAL  STUDIES IN POLLUTED





AREAS WILL BE  CONDUCTED,  AS  I  UNDERSTAND IT,





BILL, BY CREWS OF YOUR  OPERATION AND POSSIBLY





THE STATE INVESTIGATIONAL AGENCIES.

-------
                                                       66
                MR. TRIGG TWICHELL







               OUR PARTICULAR  PURPOSE  IS  TO REFLECT





       THE CONDITION OF STREAMS AND  BAYS  AND ESTUARIES





       AS AFFECTED BY THE PUBLIC.





               I HAVE A COPY OF THIS AND  I  WILL MAIL





       IT TO YOU WHEN I GET BACK  TO  MY  OFFICE.





               IF THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS,  I WILL BE





       GLAD TO ANSWER THEM.





MR. YANTIS:  ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS OF MR.  TWICHELL?





MR. GALEGAR:  THERE ARE A GOOD MANY  DISTINGUISHED PEO-





       PLE HERE IN THE AUDIENCE AND  I  KNOW  WE WON'T





       TAKE TIME TO INTRODUCE  THEM ALL, BUT I NOTICE





       IN THE BACK OF THE ROOM JUDGE RAY  HOLBROOK HAS





       COME IN.  HE HAS, AS COUNTY JUDGE, QUITE AN





       INTEREST IN GALVESTON COUNTY  BAY.





               JUDGE, WILL YOU STAND UP AND LET PEOPLE





       SET; WHO YOU ARE?




                                   (APPLAUSE).





MR. YANTIS:  BILL GALEGAR CORRECTED  ME  A  WHILL" AGO.





       YOU NOTICE THAT HE SAID THAT  THERE WILL LE A





       TRANSCRIPT OF THE MEETING  MADE  AVAILABLE, AND





       PRIVATELY HE TOLD ME THAT  MY  JOKES WILL BE





       EDITED OUT.

-------
                                                b7
        BILL,  I WILL  HAVE  TO  MAKE  ONE.   ANY TIME





YOU DEAL WITH  SOMETHING  AS  COMPLEX AS GALVESTON





BAY, YOU RUN INTO DIFFERENCES OF OPINION.   SOME-





TIMES THEY ARE MORE OR LESS FIRMLY EXPRESSED;





SOMETIMES THEY ARE NOT.  AND  AMONG MY OWN  CLOSE





PERSONAL FRIENDS THERE ARE  MANY  DIFFERENCES OF





OPINION.  SO THAT SOMETIMES I  FEEL A LITTLE BIT





LIKE THE STORY ABOUT  THE OLD  IRISHMAN THAT HAD





BEEN HAVING A  DRINK IN THE  TAVERN  AND ON THE WAY





HOME HE TOLD HIS FRIENDS "I AM GOING TO GO HOME





AND GIVE MY OLD LADY  THE DEVIL."  HE SAID, r'IF





SUPPER AIN'T READY I  AM  GOING TO FUSS AT HER





A80UT IT AND IF IT IS READY I  AIN'T GOING  TO





EAT IT.'1





        SOMETIMES I DO THINK  THAT  HAS APPLICA-





TI ON.




        THERE  IS A LOT SAID ABOUT  SECRECY  OF





INFORMATION, CLOSED MEETINGS  AND 30 ON.  THERE





ARE CERTAINLY  AT LEAST TWO AGENCIES THAT HAVE





A BUILT-IN PROBLEM WITH  THAT:  MY  AGENCY,  THE





WATER QUALITY  BOARD HAS  A  BOARD  MEMBER WHO, AS





A PRACTICING NEWSPAPERMAN,  PUBLISHER AND NEWS-

-------
                                                       68
       PAPER OWNER, MAKES  IT  REAL HARD TO HAVE A MEET-





       ING WITHOUT A NEWSPAPERMAN PRESENT.  THE TEXAS





       WATER RIGHTS COMMISSION  HAS THE SAME PROBLEM.





       OUR NEXT SPEAKER, WILLIAM E.  BERGER IS A NEWS-





       PAPER OWNER, PUBLISHER AND REPORTER.





               MR. BERGER  OF  THE TEXAS WATER RIGHTS





       COMMISSION.





MR. BERGER:  THANK YOU, HUGH.   MY NAME IS WILLIAM E.





       BERGER; I AM A MEMBER  OF THE  TEXAS WATER RIGHTS





       COMMISSION, AND  I WOULD  LIKE  TO PRESENT THIS





       STATEMENT FOR OUR COMMISSION.





               CHAIRMEN GALEGAR AND  YANTIS, LADIES AUD





       GENTLEMEN, IT'S A PLEASURE TO BE HERE WITH YOU





       AND SEE THE GREAT INTEREST IT'1 S OBVIOUS THAT





       THIS PROBLEM HAS, AND  I  AM GLAD TO LEARN MORE





       ABOUT THE KIND OF EFFORTS BEING MADE.





               WITH ME  TODAY  FROM OUR AGENCY IS COLONEL





       R. F. WHITENTON, RECENTLY RETIRED FROM THE CORPS





       OF ENGINEERS, WHO CAME TO AUSTIN FROM THE PENTAGON,





       WE ARE HAPPY TO HAVE HIM HERE.   HE IS HERE IN





       CASE ANY OF YOU WISH TO  VISIT WITH HIM FURTHER.





               I WILL TRY  TO  OUTLINE OUR AGENCY'S

-------
                                                69
        MR. WILLIAM E. BERGER







INTERESTS  IN THIS MATTER AND  GIVE  YOU THE




STATUTES UNDER WHICH  WE OPERATE.




        ARTICLE  16, SECTION  59,  OF THE TEXAS




CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE 7467,  VERNON'S TEXAS




CIVIL STATUTES, STATE:





        "THE WATERS OF THE ORDINARY FLOW AND





UNDERFLOW AND TIDES OF EVERY  FLOWING RIVER OR




NATURAL STREAM, OF ALL LAKES,  BAYS OR ARMS OF




THE GULF OF MEXICO, AND THE  STORM, FLOOD OR





RAIN WATERS OF EVERY  RIVER OR  NATURAL STREAM,




CANYON, RAVINE, DEPRESSION OR  WATERSHED, WITHIN





THE STATE OF TEXAS, ARE HEREBY  DECLARED TO BE




THE PROPERTY OF THE STATE, AND  THE RIGHT TO THE




USE THEREOF MAY BE ACQUIRED  BY  APPROPRIATION




IN THE MANNER AND FOR THE USES  AND PURPOSES




HEREINAFTER PROVIDED, AND MAY  BE  TAKEN OR DI-




VERTED FROM ITS NATURAL CHANNEL FOR ANY OF THE




PURPOSES EXPRESSED IN THIS CHAPTER."




        ARTICLE 7492, VER'JON'S  TEXAS CIVIL





STATUTES, PROVIDES:




        "EVERY PERSON, ASSOCIATION OF PERSONS,




PUBLIC OR PRIVATE CORPORATION,  POLITICAL SUB-

-------
                                                70
        MR. WILLIAM E.  BERGER







DIVISION OF THE STATE,  AGENCY  OF  THE  STATE OR




OF THE UNITED STATES, WHO  SHALL,  AFTER THIS ACT




SHALL TAKE EFFECT, DESIRE  TO ACQUIRE  THE  RIGHT




TO APPROPRIATE, FOR THE PURPOSES  STATED IN THIS




CHAPTER, UNAPPROPRIATED WATER  OF  THE  STATE,





SHALL, BEFORE COMMENCING THE CONSTRUCTION, EN-





LARGEMENT OR EXTENSION  OF  ANY  DAM,  LAKE,  RESER-




VOIR, OR OTHER STORAGE WORK, OR ANY DITCH,




CANAL, INTAKE, HEADGATE, PUMPING  PLANT OR OTHER




DISTRIBUTING WORKS, OR  PERFORMING ANY WORK IN




CONNECTION WITH THE STORAGE, TAKING OR DIVER-




SION OF WATER, MAKE AN APPLICATION IN WRITING




TO THE TEXAS WATER RIGHTS  COMMISSION  FOR  A PER-




MIT TO MAKE SUCH APPROPRIATION, STORAGE OR DIVER-




SION.11




        BY THE ENACTMENT OF THE STATUTES  CON-




TAINED IN THE TEXAS WATER  CODE, THE LEGISLATURE




HAS SOUGHT IN A COMPREHENSIVE  WAY TO  REGULATE THE




USE OF THE STATE'S PUBLIC  WATER TO THE END THAT




IT WILL BE CONSERVED AND USED  FOR THE GREATEST




PUBLIC GOOD AND IN THE  PUBLIC  INTEREST.  TO MAKE




CERTAIN THAT WATER IS SO CONSERVED AND USED,

-------
                                                71
        MR. WILLIAM E.  BERGER







THE LEGISLATURE CREATED THE  TEXAS  WATER RIGHTS





COMMISSION AND ENTRUSTED BROAD  DISCRETION TO





THE AGENCY TO DETERMINE WHETHER AN APPLICATION





FOR A PERMIT TO APPROPRIATE  PUBLIC WATER SHOULD





BE GRANTED OR DENIED.





        I MIGHT DIGRESS FROM THE PRINTED TEXT





HERE TO SAY THAT THIS  IS A CONTINUATION OF THE





AGENCY KNOWN AS THE BOARD OF WATER ENGINEERS,





FIRST CREATED IN 1913,  LATER KNOWN AS THE TEXAS





WATER COMMISSION.  IT  WAS DIVIDED  IN 1965 INTO





THE TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT  BOARD  AND THE TEXAS





WATER RIGHTS COMMISSION.





        BACK TO THE TEXT.





        THE TEXAS WATER RIGHTS  COMMISSION IS





CONCERNED WITH THE PRESENT AND  FUTURE STATUS





OF THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES IN TEXAS.   THE COMMIS-





SION'S JURISDICTION CONCERNING  THE SUBJECT MAT-





TER IS LIMITED TO ISSUING PERMITS  TO USE WATERS





FROM THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES  FOR ANY  PURPOSE





AND IN ISSUANCE OF PERMITS FOR  THE CONSTRUCTION





OF DAMS AND THE DIVERSION OF WATER FROM PUBLIC





STREAMS WHICH MAY ULTIMATELY REDUCE  OR DENY

-------
                                                72
        MR. WILLIAM  E.  BERGER







FRESH WATER INFLOW  INTO THE  BAYS  AND ESTUARIES.




PERMITS FOR THE USE  OF  SALT  OR  BRACKISH WATER




FROM THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES  CURRENTLY ARE




THOSE WHICH INVOLVE  USE  OF SALT WATER FOR COOL-




ING PURPOSES CONNECTED  WITH  THERMALELECTRIC





POWER PRODUCTION AND AS  A RAW MATERIAL IN THE




EXTRACTION OF CERTAIN MINERALS  FROM THE SALT




WATER.




        THE THE EXTENT  FRESH WATER INFLOW INTO




TEXAS BAYS AND ESTUARIES  IS  CONCERNED, THE  TEXAS




WATER RIGHTS COMMISSION  HAS  THE RESPONSIBILITY




OF BALANCING THE DEMANDS  FOR PUBLIC WATER FOR




STATUTORY USES WITH  THE  PUBLIC  WELFARE OF THE




STATE, INCLUDING ITS BAYS AND' ESTUARY RESOURCES.




WITH THIS IN MIND, THE  27TH  REPORT OF THE TEXAS




WATER RIGHTS COMMISSION,  COVERING THE BIENNIUM




SEPTEMBER 1, 19&H TO AUGUST  31, 1966, TO TrIE




GOVERNOR OF TEXAS AND THE*TEXAS LEGISLATURE




CONTAINED THE FOLLOWING  RECOMMENDATION:




        "BECAUSE OF  OUR  RAPIDLY EXPANDING ECONOMY





AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT,  THE PURPOSES FOR




WHICH WATER MAY BE APPROPRIATED (LISTED IN

-------
                                                73
        MR. WILLIAM E. BERGER







ARTICLES 7468 AND 7470, VERNON'S  CIVIL STAT-




UTES) ARE RAPIDLY BEING OUTDATED.   FOR EXAMPLE,




INCLUSION OF CONSERVATION STORAGE  FOR  WATER




QUALITY AND MOSQUITO CONTROL ARE  MATTERS  OF




ACCOMPLISHED FACT IN FEDERAL PROJECTS.   THE




FUTURE MAY WELL REQUIRE INCLUSION  OF  STORAGE




FOR THE PROTECTION OF AQUATIC  HABITAT  IN  THE




STATE'S BAYS AND ESTUARIES.




        "THE COMMISSION RECOMMENDS  THAT ARTI-




CLES 7468 AND 7470 BE AMENDED  TO  ADD AT THE




ENDING OF THE SPECIFIC LISTING OF  USES,  WORDS





TO THE EFFECT THAT WATER MAY BE APPROPRIATED




FOR OTHER BENEFICIAL USES PRESCRIBED  FROM TIME




TO TIME IN THE COMMISSION'S RULES  AND  REGULA-




TIONS.  THE COMMISSION ALSO RECOMMENDS  THAT AN




EIGHTH CATEGORY BE ADDED TO ARTICLE 7471  TO THE




SAME EFFECT.15




        THE COMMISSION BELIEVES THAT  THERE PRE-





SENTLY IS INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION  TO  DETERMINE




THE AMOUNT OF FRESH WATER INFLOW  NECESSARY TO




PRESERVE CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS  OF OUR BAYS




AND ESTUARIES.  THIS PROBLEM MUST  BE  RESOLVED

-------
        MR. WILLIAM E.  BERGER







IN CONTEXT WITH THE OVERALL  PROBLEM RELATING




TO POLLUTION, ECONOMIC  AND  INDUSTRIAL DEVELOP-




MENT, AND THE PUBLIC WELFARE OF  THE PEOPLE OF




TEXAS.




        THE COMMISSION  HAS  RECENTLY JOINED





WITH SEVERAL OTHER STATE  AGENCIES  IN A JOINT





PLANNING EFFORT TO INSURE THAT STUDIES OF THE




PROBLEMS OF BAYS AND ESTUARIES ARE  COORDINATED




AMONG ALL THE VARIOUS STATE  AGENCIES WITH JURIS-




DICTION TOUCHING ON THE SUBJECT  MATTER.   T/,'0




FACTS APPARENT FROM OUR JOINT STUDY ARE  THAT




THE PROBLEM IS COMPLICATED  AND THAT THERE ARE





NO EASY ANSWERS.  FOR MANY  POLLUTION PROBLEMS,




THE INITIAL PROPOSED SOLUTION' IN WATER-RICH




STATES IS TO DILUTE THE POLLUTED WATER WITH




SUFFICIENT FRESH WATER.   HOWEVER,  THERE  IS IN-




SUFFICIENT PUBLIC WATER IN  TEXAS TO DO THIS ON




ANY LONG-RANGE, SUSTAINED BASIS  AND, AT  THE




SAME TIME, SATISFY THE  GROWING NEEDS OF  ALL





POTENTIAL USERS.




        THE TEXAS WATER RIGHTS COMMISSION BELIEVES




THAT THE PRESENT AND FUTURE  DEVELOPMENT  OF THE

-------
                                                75
        MR. WILLIAM E.  SERGER








BAYS AND ESTUARIES IN  TEXAS  ARE  PROBLEMS FOR





THE STATE OF TEXAS TO  RESOLVE.   THE  FEDERAL





GOVERNMENT CAN BEST ASSIST  IN  THE  STUDY AND





RESOLUTION OF THESE PROBLEMS WITH  ITS  FINANCIAL





ASSISTANCE TO THE EXISTING  STATE AGENCIES OF





TEXAS.





        THIS CONCLUDES  OUR  FORMAL  STATEMENT.





        IF I MAY  INDULGE,  I  WOULD  LIKE TO ADD





JUST A FEW PERSONAL COMMENTS THAT  COME TO MIND





AFTER LISTENING TO PREVIOUS  SPEAKERS.





        YOU KNOW, THIS  IS  A  POLITICAL  YEAR AND





SIMPLE SOLUTIONS ARE VERY  POPULAR.   WE HEAR THEM





ADVANCED EVERY DAY BY  VARIOUS  CANDIDATES.  OF





COURSE, THERE IS A SIMPLE  SOLUTION TO  THE POLLU-





TION PROBLEM AND THAT  IS TO  GIVE THE AREA BACK





TO THE INDIANS, BUT THAT CANNOT  BE DONE, WE ARE





HERE AND WE ALL PLAN TO STAY.





        THERE ARE BILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS  OF INVEST-





MENTS LOCATED ON THE RIVER  BASINS  AND  AROUND





THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES  AND  THERE ARE MILLIONS OF





PEOPLE INVOLVED.





        NOW, I APPRECIATE  THE  VERY CAREFUL WAY

-------
                                                76
        MR. WILLIAM E.  BERGER








IN WHICH THE STATE OF  TEXAS  HAS  BEEN PROCEEDING





TO TRY TO ASSURE CORRECT  SOLUTIONS.   I  AM PROUD





OF THE MANNER  IN WHICH  COLONEL BENDER IS CONDUCT-





ING HIS STUDY AND  I THINK  THAT WHILE IT MAY SEEM





AT TIMES THAT THE  STATE  U DOING NOTHING WE MUST





REMEMBER THAT MUCH MORE  HAS  BEEN DONE IN THE





LAST TWO OR THREE  YEARS  THAN IN  THE  LAST TWO





HUNDRED.





        GOVERNOR CONNALLY  HAS SKETCHED  A VERY





BROAD OUTLINE OF STATE  POLICY AND THIS  HAS BEEN





BACKED UP BY THE LEGISLATURE IN  THE  LAST TWO





SESSIONS.





        THE AGENCIES HAVE  BEFN CREATED, GREATLY





EXPANDED, AND THEY ARE  BEING STAFFED; WE ARE ALL





ADDING PEOPLE AS TIME  GOES ON, AND THERE IS A





TREMENDOUS EFFORT  UNDER  WAY  BY MANY  LEVELS OF





STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT,  BACKED UP BY THE





BROAD OVERVIEW GIVEN U5  LiY THE FEDERAL  GOVERN-





MENT AS REPRESENTED BY  MR. GALEGAR TODAY, AND





I FEEL THAT WE ARE ON  THE  WAY TOWARD A  SOLUTION





AND I AM HAPPY TO  SAY  THAT THINGS WILL  LOOK





BETTER.

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                                                       77
               MR. WILLIAM E.  BERGER







               THANK YOU.




               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS?




MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, COMMISSIONER  BERGER.




               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS OF  THE  PANEL?




               ANY FROM THE AUDIENCE?




               COMMISSIONER BERGER, WE THANK YOU FOR




       THIS MOST EXCELLENT STATEMENT AND YOUR  RECOMMEN-




       DATIONS.




               COMMISSIONER SERGER  INDICATES THAT THERE




       ARE ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS HERE  OF HIS PRESENTA-




       TION FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO MAY WISH  TO AVAIL THEM-





       SELVES OF THEM.




               AT THIS MOMENT  I WOULD  LIKE TO  TURN THE




       MICROPHONE BACK TO MR.  HUGH  YANTIS  FOR  SOME




       INTRODUCTIONS.




MR. YANTIS:  AS SOON AS I INTRODUCE SOME PEOPLE,  I




       BELIEVE MAYOR LOWRY OF  TEXAS CITY WILL  3E




       ASKED TO PRESENT HIS STATEMENT, HE  WANTED TO





       BE HOME BEFORE LUNCH.




               COMMUNICATIONS, OF COURSE,  IN WATER




       RESOURCES, WATER QUALITY WORK;  THE  LEGISLATURE




       OF TEXAS KNEW THIS WHEN THEY ORGANIZED  THE

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                                                78
TEXAS WATER BOARD OR  ITS  PREDECESSOR,  WATER




POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD,  BY NOT  ONLY  HAVING




APPOINTEES AS MEMBERS,  BUT HAVING  STATE  AGEN-




CIES INTERESTED IN WATER.




        MR. ROY PAYNE,  BACK HERE,  WHO WILL SPEAK




IN A FEW MOMENTS, FROM  THE TEXAS RAILROAD  COMMIS-





SION, IS A VOTING MEMBER  OF OUR  BOARD REPRESENT-




ING THE TEXAS RAILROAD  COMMISSION.  THE  PRINCI-




PAL MEMBER IS THE CHAIRMAN OF  THE  TEXAS  RAILROAD




COMMISSION.  OF COURSE, THE CHAIRMANSHIP CHANGES




FROM TIME TO TIME.




        MR. JERRY THORNHILL, DOWN  HERE ON  THE




FRONT--WILL YOU STAND,  ROY, SO WE  CAN IDENTIFY




YOU--ROY WILL SPEAK IN  A  FEW MOMENTS  FROM  HIS




PREPARED PAPER.




        MR. JERRY THORNHILL, DOWN  HERE IN  FRONT,




FROM THE TEXAS WATER  DEVELOPMENT BOARD,  IS A




VOTING MEMBER OF OUR  BOARD, SO DESIGNATED  BY




THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR  OF THAT BOARD,  WHO  IS





A PRINCIPAL MEMBER.




        MR. TERRANCE  LEARY IS  A  REPRESENTATIVE




OF THE TEXAS WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT,  IS  ALSO  A

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                                                       79
       MEMBER OF OUR BOARD.  THE VOTING MEMBER  IS  ORDI-




       NARILY MR. W. J. COOPER.  THE  PRINCIPAL  MEMBER




       IS MR. RALPH SINGLETON.




               THE STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT  FURNISHES




       A MEMBER OF OUR BOARD IN THE PERSON  OF THE  COM-




       MISSIONER OF HEALTH.  THE VOTING BOARD MEMBER




       IS ORDINARILY THE DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, MR.  GUS




       HERZEL, BUT THERE ARE AT LEAST TWO MEMBERS  HERE,




       MR. BILL WHIDDLE AND MR. JOHNSON — STAND  UP,




       FELLOWS—REPRESENTING THE STATE HEALTH DEPART-




       MENT.




               SO OUR BOARD HAS SOME  BUILT-IN COMMUNI-




       CATIONS TO MAKE SURE THAT THE  STATE  AGENCIES




       DO TALK AMONG THEMSELVES AS TO WHAT  GOES ON.



               NOW, THE TEXAS WATER RIGHTS  COMMISSION



       IS NOT A MEMBER OF OUR BOARD,  BUT WE  DO  COMMUNI-




       CATE WITH THEM VERY FULLY.



               FROM THE AGRICULTURAL  POINT,  THE COMMIS-




       SIONER OF AGRICULTURE OF TEXAS IS NOT A  BOARD




       MEMBER, BUT AGAIN WE HAVE MANY, MANY  CONVERSA-




       TIONS WITH HIM.




MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, HUGH.   THERE ARE TWO PEOPLE

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                                                       80
       THAT WE'VE MADE  EXCEPTIONS  FOR IN THE ORDER OF




       SEQUENCE BECAUSE THEY  DO HAVE APPOINTMENTS.




       THE FIRST ONE, MAYOR EMMETT LOWRY,  IF YOU WILL




       PROCEED TO THE MICROPHONE,  THE NEXT PERSON, IF




       HE WILL BE READY AT THE  TIME THAT WE HAVE FINISHED





       WITH ANY QUESTIONS OF  THE MAYOR,  COUNTY JUDGE




       RAY HOLBROOK TO  FOLLOW DIRECTLY.




MAYOR LOWRY:  THANK YOU, MR.  GALEGAR,  MR.  YANTIS, GENTLE-





       MEN. OF THE PANEL.




               THE CITIZENS OF  TEXAS CITY  ARE VITALLY




       INTERESTED IN GALVESTON  BAY AND ADJACENT WATERS




       FOR VERY GOOD REASONS.




               ONE, IT  HAS FOR  MANY YEARS  AFFORDED




       RECREATION, SUCH AS FISHING, BOATING, AND SKIING




       FOR OUR RESIDENTS, AS  WELL  AS OTHER CITIZENS




       THROUGHOUT THE AREA.   HERE  IS AN  EXAMPLE OF THE




       VALUE TO US OF GOOD WATERS  IN GALVESTON BAY.




       IN JULY EACH YEAR THE  TEXAS CITY  JAYCEES SPON-




       SOR "TACKLE TIME", A FISHING RODEO  AND CONTEST.




       THE CONTEST JUST THREE MONTHS AGO ATTRACTED TO




       OUR FIVE MILE LONG DIKE  AND FISHING PIER 34,578




       CARS OF FISHERMEN AND  INTERESTED  CITIZENS IN A

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                                                81
        MAYOR  EMMETT  F.  LOWRY








THIRTEEN DAY PERIOD.





        SECONDLY, WE  MUST  HAVE THE WATER BORNE





COMMERCE OVER  GALVESTON  BAY  TO BRING IN RAW





MATERIALS AND  CARRY AWAY  THE FINISHED PRODUCTS





OF OUR LOCAL INDUSTRIAL PLANTS.





        TEXAS  CITY HAS BY  FAR  THE LARGEST PETRO-





CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX  ON GALVESTON BAY.





ITS THOUSANDS  OF EMPLOYEES LIVE THROUGHOUT THE





ENTIRE BAY AREA.  THE JODS THUS PROVIDED HAVE





BROUGHT TREMENDOUS GROWTH  TO THE AREA AND THE





PROBLEMS ATTENDANT THERETO.





        AS FAR BACK AS 1950  TEXAS CITY RECOG-





NIZED THE NEED FOR WATER  POLLUTION CONTROL.





TLXAS CITY CITIZENS VOTED  A  DOND ISSUE AND THE





FIRST COMPLETE TREATMENT  PLANT FOR DOMESTIC





SEWAGE IN GALVESTON COUNTY WAS CONSTRUCTED





It! TEXAS CITY.  SINCE THAT TIME EVERY COMMUNITY





IN GALVESTON COUNTY HAS  PROVIDED A COMPLETE





TREATMENT FACILITY FOR ITS DOMESTIC SEWAGE.





        ALL OF THESE  COMMUNITIES,  WITH THE





ASSISTANCE OF OUR LOCAL  AiJD  STATE HEALTH AND





WATER POLLUTION CONTROL  BOARDS ARE CONTINUING

-------
                                                82
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







TO IMPROVE THEIR FACILITIES, PARTIALLY WITH THE





ASSISTANCE OF FEDERAL GRANTS.




        WITH SUCH A LARGE  CONCENTRATION OF




HEAVY INDUSTRY, CITY  OFFICIALS  AS  WELL A3 THE




CITIZENS OF TEXAS CITY  REALIZED POLLUTION PROB-





LEMS EXISTED.  AS A RESULT OF THE  CONCERN SHOWN




3Y THE GENERAL PUBLIC,  CITY OFFICIALS  AND INDUS-




TRY OFFICIALS FOUR YEARS AGO DECIDED  TO ESTAB-




LISH AN AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION COMMITTEE.




THE TEXAS CITY CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE AGREED TO




SPONSOR SUCH A COMMITTEE.  AS SOON AS  IT WAS





FORMED, TWO TECHNICAL STUDY COMMITTEES WERE




APPOINTED, ONE ON AIR POLLUTION AND THE OTHER




ON WATER POLLUTION.




        THESE STUDY GROUPS REQUESTED  AND HELD




SEVERAL MEETINGS WITH STATE AND LOCAL  AGENCIES




SEEKING NEW METHODS TO  ABATE BOTH  AIR  AND 4ATER




POLLUTION.  THE STUDY COMMITTEES REPORTED THEIR




FINDINGS TO THE PARENT  AIR AND  WATER  CONSERVA-




TION COMMITTEE.





        THE COMMITTEE LAST YEAR DECIDED THAT




THE GENERAL PUBLIC SHOULD  BE MADE  AWARE OF THEIR

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







ACTIVITIES AND  FINDINGS  SO  A SERIES  OF PUBLIC





FORUMS WAS SET  UP.  ALL  LARGE  LOCAL  INDUSTRIES





AND THE CITIES  OF  TEXAS  CITY AND  LA  MARQUE





PARTICIPATED.





        EACH WEEK  ONE  OF THE CITIES  OR ONE OF





THE INDUSTRIES  WOULD  TELL OF THE  POLLUTION





PROBLEMS THEY MAY  HAVE CAUSED,  WHAT  THEY  WERE





PRESENTLY DOING ABOUT  IT AND WHAT THEY INTENDED





TO DO IN THE FUTURE.   THEY  WOULD  THEN ANSWER





ANY QUESTIONS PRESENTED  TO  THEM BY THE CITIZENS





IN ATTENDANCE.





        FOR THE BENEFIT  OF  THOSE  CITIZENS WHO





COULD NOT ATTEND,  THE  GALVESTON,  HOUSTON  AND





TEXAS CITY NEWSPAPERS  CARRIED'EXCELLENT COVERAGE





ON ALL FORUMS.





        THE MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION





WITH OFFICES IN WASHINGTON  D.  C.  SENT A REPRE-





SENTATIVE TO TEXAS CITY  TO  LEARN  MORE ABOUT





THE FACT-FINDING FORUMS.  THE  REPRESENTATIVE,





MR. BRUCE HARRISON, MANAGER OF  COMMUNITY  RELA-





TIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL  INFORMATION  FOR THE





ASSOCIATION STATED AND I  QUOTE, "WE  HAVE  NEVER

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







HEARD OF ANY PROGRAM  SUCH  A3 THIS.   IT IS UNIQUE




AND EXEMPLARY.  WE WERE  EXCITED  WHEN WE HEARD




OF THIS PROGRAM.   IT  SHOULD  BE TRANSPLANTED IN





OTHER AREAS.  YOU  HAVE A SOUND BASIS AND GOOD




IDEAS."  END OF QUOTE.




        A STORY ON OUR PROGRAM WAS  CARRIED IN




"THE PILOT/' THE OFFICIAL  MAGAZINE  OF THE MANU-





FACTURING CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION.




        THE PUBLIC FORUMS  HELD IN TEXAS CITY




BROUGHT OUT THE FACT  THAT  APPROXIMATELY 21




MILLION DOLLARS HAVE  BEEN  SPENT  BY  THE INDUS-




TRIES OF TEXAS CITY TO CURB  POLLUTANTS IN BOTH




AIR AND WATER.  A  MILLION  DOLLARS OF THIS FIGURE




WAS SPENT BY THE CITY OF TEXAS CITY.  IT WAS




ALSO BROUGHT OUT THAT APPROXIMATELY 10 MILLION




DOLLARS WILL BE SPENT ON ANTI-POLLUTION DEVICES




OVF.R THE NEXT THREE YEARS.




        INDUSTRIES BUILDING  NEW  FACILITIES HERE





ARE NOW USING, AMONG  OTHER EXPERTS, IN THE DE-




SIGN WORK, POLLUTION  CONSULTANTS, GEOLOGISTS,





ECOLOGISTS, MARINE BIOLOGISTS AND OCEANOGRAPHERS,




THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THESE EMINENT EXPERTS

-------
                                                85
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY








ARE INCORPORATED  IN THE  DESIGN  AND CONSTRUCTION





OF POLLUTION CONTROL  FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT.





THESE THEN ARE AN  INTEGRAL  PART OF OVERALL





PLANT DESIGN.  LOCAL  INDUSTRIES HAVE PLEDGED





SUCH INSTALLATION  IN  ALL  NEW  FACILITIES.





        ON SEPTEMBER  24,  OF THIS YEAR,  THE TEXAS





LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE  FOR THE STUDY OF  LAND USE





AND ENVIRONMENTAL  CONTROL HELD  A PUBLIC HEARING





IN TEXAS CITY ON AIR  AND  WATER  CONSERVATION.





EACH TEXAS CITY INDUSTRY, THE CITIES OF TEXAS





CITY AND GALVESTON AND THE  COUNTY  OF GALVESTON





MADE STATEMENTS TO THE COMMITTEE.   AT THE CON-





CLUSION OF THE HEARING,  SENATOR CRISS COLE,





CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMITTEE,  COMMENDED TEXAS CITY





FOR ITS EFFORTS IN CONTROLLING  POLLUTION.  ANOTHER





MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE  SAID  HE FELT TEXAS CITY





WOULD 6ECOME A MODEL  CITY IN  THE ABATEMENT OF





POLLUTION.





        AT THE END OF  MY  PRESENTATION I WILL





LEAVE WITH YOU GENTLEMEN  A  COPY OF EACH STATE-





MENT MADE AT THAT  HEARING AS  WELL  AS COPIES OF





MY PRESENTATION HERE  TODAY.

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







        THE "GALVESTON  BAY  STUDY"  NOW IN PRO-




GRESS OFFERS HOPE OF  PROVIDING  MANY  ANSWERS




AS TO QUALITY NEEDS  IN  GALVESTON  BAY.   WE HOPE




EVERY EFFORT WILL BE  MADE TO SUCCESSFULLY CON-




CLUDE THIS VITALLY NEEDED STUDY.   WE ALSO BE-




LIEVE THAT PRESENT LOCAL AND STATE REGULATIONS




ARE ADEQUATE TO CONTROL  OOTH AIR  AND WATER POLLU-




TION IN OUR AREA.




        WITHIN THE PAST  ONE AND ONE-HALF YEARS,





THE TEXAS CITY REFINERY  OF  AMERICAN  OIL COMPANY




HAS INVESTED IN EXCESS  OF $600,000 IN EQUIPMENT





AND INSTALLATIONS FOR THE PURPOSE  OF ABATING




WATER AND AIR POLLUTION.  THE ULTIMATE PROGRAM,




ALTHOUGH NOT COMPLETELY  FINISHED,  WILL NOT ONLY




IMPROVE THE CHARACTER OF REFINERY  WATER EFFLU-




ENTS AND ATMOSPHERIC  EMISSIONS, BUT  WILL ALSO




STRESS CONSERVATION OF WATER AND  MINIMIZE HYDRO-




CARBON LOSSES TO EITHER  AIR OR  WATER ENVIRONMENTS




SIMPLY, THE PROGRAM  IN  RELATION TO WATER POLLU-





TION IS BEING DEVELOPED  TO  INCLUDE THREE PHASES:




        1.  PRETREATMENT OF SELECTED WASTES:




THE OBJECT IS TO TREAT HIGHLY CONCENTRATED

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                                                87
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







STREAMS AT THE SOURCE TO PREVENT  DEGRADING THE




QUALITY OF RELATIVELY CLEAR WATER.   THIS  WILL




INCLUDE THE REMOVAL OF ANY SULFIDES,  MERCAPTANS,




PHENOLICS, AND SOLIDS TO INSURE TREATABILITY




OF THE WASTE WATER.




        2.  PRIMARY TREATMENT:  REMOVAL OF FREE




OIL AND ADDITIONAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS  BY PHYSICAL,




CHEMICAL COAGULATION, AND/OR AIR  FLOATATION




METHODS.




        3.  SECONDARY TREATMENT:   REMOVAL OF




DISSOLVED ORGANICS THAT  MIGHT  CAUSE  HIGH  BOD,




COD,  ETC.  THIS WOULD INCLUDE  SUCH TREATMENTS




AS TRICKLING FILTERS, AERATION PONDS, OR  OTHER




BIO-OXIDATION METHODS.




THE POLLUTION ABATEMENT  PROGRAM HAS  BEEN  A CON-




TINUOUS ONE FOR MANY YEARS, AND AMERICAN  OIL,




AS WELL AS OTHER INDUSTRIES LOCATED  IN TEXAS




CITY, ALREADY LISTS CAPITAL INVESTMENTS IN THE




MILLIONS OF DOLLARS DEDICATED  TO  THE  RESPONSIBIL-





ITY OF CONSERVING AIR AND WATER RESOURCES.




        A BRIEF SUMMATION OF RECENT  AND VARIOUS




MEASURES TAKEN BY THE REFINERY TO IMPROVE WASTE

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT F.  LOWRY







WATER EFFLUENTS AND ATMOSPHERIC  EMISSIONS  IS




PRESENTED IN THE FOLLOWING  TEXT.




        WATER CONSERVATION  AND POLLUTION:




        1.  A NEW API  (AMERICAN  PETROLEUM




INSTITUTE) OIL-WATER SEPARATOR WAS  COMPLETED





AND PUT INTO OPERATION  IN LATE DECEMBER 1967




AT A COST OF $306,000.   THIS FACILITY  IS OF  THE




NEWEST DESIGN WHICH UTILIZES AUTOMATIC FLIGHT




SKIMMERS AND SLUDGE SCRAPERS; IT  REPLACES  AN




OLD EARTHEN SETTLING BASIN, WHICH  IS NOW BEING




REDESIGNED INTO AN AERATION BASIN  OR LAGOON.




AN ADDITIONAL $40,000 WILL  BE INVESTED TO  EQUIP




THIS BASIN WITH FOUR 20-HP  AERATORS OF THE TYPE




ILLUSTRATED IN PHOTO-PLATE  1.  THE  API  SEPARATOR,




WHICH WE DESIGNATE AS NO. 3 SEPARATOR,  RECEIVES




PROCESSING UNITS WATERS  AND SURFACE DRAINAGE




FROM STORAGE TANK AREAS  IN  THE EAST SECTION  OF




THE REFINERY.





        2.  NO. 2 API SEPARATOR,  WHICH SERVES




THE PROCESSING UNITS AND SURFACE  DRAINAGE  IN




THE MIDDLE SECTOR OF THE REFINERY,  WAS  REVAMPED




AT A COST OF $162,000 TO INSTALL  AUTOMATIC

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                                                89
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







SKIMMERS AND SCRAPERS  SIMILAR  TO  NO.  3 SEPARA-




TOR.  THE REVAMPED  FACILITY  RESUMED OPERATION




IN JULY 1968.




        3.  IN MAY  1967,  THE MAIN SETTLING





BASIN, V/HICH RECEIVES  WATERS FROM NO.  1 AND NO.




2 API SEPARATORS, HAD  INSTALLED  IN IT  FOUR 20-HP




AERATORS.  THIS REPRESENTED AN  INVESTMENT OF




$44,000, AND THE SATISFACTORY  PERFORMANCE OF




Tilt: AERATORS REALIZED  3Y  A LOWERING OF THE BOD




ACROSS THE BASIN PROMPTED THE  INSTALLATION OF




TWO ADDITIONAL 20-HP AERATORS  (MAY 1968) AT A





COST OF $20,000.  PHOTO-PLATE  1 SHOWS  THE AERA-




TORS IN OPERATION.  CURRENTLY IN PROGRESS IS THE




INSTALLATION OF BAFFLES  TO REGULATE A  MORE EFFI-




CIENT FLOW PATTERN  THROUGH THE AERATION BASIN.




(COST:  $6,000 - $8,000).  ILLUSTRATED IN PHOTO-




PLATE 2 ARE TWO 5-HP AERATORS  LOCATED  IN THE MAIN




EFFLUENT DITCH.




        4.  A NEW ADDITION TO  THE LIST OF AMERI-




CAN OIL PROJECTS FOR OIL  CONSERVATION  AND THE




ABATEMENT OF WATER  POLLUTION IS AN OIL ABSORP-





TION SKIMMER MOUNTED ON  A CATAMARAN TYPE MOTOR

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                                                90
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







BOAT.  THE FACILITY IS  PICTURED  IN  PHOTO-PLATES




3 £ 4.  THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION  IS  THE  ADHER-




ING OF OIL TO THE ROTATING  POLYURETHANE  FOAM




ROLLER AS THE BOAT IS DIRECTED  INTO AN OIL SLICK




ON THE SURFACE OF THE WATER.  THE OIL  IS PRESSED




FROM THE FOAM AND DELIVERED INTO A  90-GALLON




SUMP TANK LOCATED BETWEEN THE TWIN  HULLS.   IT




IS PLANNED TO MAKE THIS  BOAT AVAILABLE FOR USE




BY ALL INDUSTRIES IN  TEXAS  CITY  IN  THE EVENT OF





AN OIL SPILL IN THE DOCKS AREA OR BAY.   IN HEAVY




OIL SLICKS, THE ABSORPTION  RATE  IS  APPROXIMATELY




50 GALLONS PER HOUR.




        AIR POLLUTION CONTROL:




        1.  CONTINUED SURVEILLANCE  OF  THE  REFIN-




ERY FLARE SYSTEM HAS NOT ONLY PROVED BENEFICIAL




IN THE PREVENTING OF AIR POLLUTION,  BUT  HAS ALSO




DIRECTED ATTENTION TO IMPROVED OPERATING PRAC-




TICES.  A RECENT ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT OF




$27,000 WILL EQUIP THE  SEVERAL REFINERY  FLARES




WITH METERING DEVICES ENA3LING MORE  EFFICIENT





CONTROL OF COMBUSTIBLES  ENTERING THE VENT  AND




FLARE SYSTEM.

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                                               91
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY





        2.  ANOTHER $tf,000 INVESTMENT IS A



MOBILE AIR MONITORING TRAILER, WHICH IS PICTURED



IN PHOTO-PLATE 5.  THIS TRAILER IS EQUIPPED WITH



A BECKMAN 906 SULFUR DIOXIDE ANALYZER, A R.A.C.



HYDROGEN SULFIDE ANALYZER, AND AN M.S.A. HIGH



VOLUME AIR SAMPLER FOR DETERMINING PARTICULATE



MATTER IN THE ATMOSPHERE.   AT PRESENT WE ARE



PERIODICALLY MONITORING 12 STATIONS WITHIN THE



REFINERY BOUNDARIES TO DETERMINE LEVELS OF CON-



CENTRATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE DURING DIFFERENT



WIND DIRECTIONS AND VELOCITIES.  GENERALLY SPEAK-



ING, IN THE CATEGORY OF AIR POLLUTION, THE RE-



FINERY EMISSION LEVELS ARE WITHIN THE STATE REGU-



LATION LIMITS.



        AMOCO CHEMICALS CORPORATION - PROGRAM



FOR ABATEMENT OF AIR AND WATER POLLUTION AT TEXAS



CITY PLANTS:



        i.  GENERAL:



        AMOCO CHEMICALS CORPORATION IS HAPPY



TO HAVE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO DISCUSS ITS PROB-



LEMS CONCERNING AIR AND WATER POLLUTION AND THE



PROGRAMS WE HAVE UNDER WAY TO PERMIT US TO

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                                                92
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







COMPLY WITH EXISTING  LEGISLATION  AND HOPEFULLY




TO MEET THE NEEDS  FOR  THE  REASONABLE FUTURE.




        FIRST, A BRIEF BIT OF  BACKGROUND.   WE





ARE THE CHEMICALS  MANUFACTURING AND MARKETING




SUBSIDIARY OF STANDARD OIL COMPANY  (INDIANA).





IN TEXAS CITY WE HAVE  TWO  PLANT SITES.   PLANT




A, LOCATED ON THE  SOUTH  END OF 6TH  STREET,  IS




THE SMALLER AND OCCUPIES ABOUT 25 ACRES.   THERE




WE MAKE VINYL PLASTICIZERS,  AROMATIC SOLVENTS,




METHYL MERCAPTAN,  AND  HYDROCARBON RESINS  AND




POLYMERS.  WE HAVE UNDER CONSTRUCTION A UNIT




TO MAKE A VARIETY  OF SPECIALTY CHEMICALS  TO BE




USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF  CRUDE PETROLEUM.





        PLANT B IS LOCATED WEST OF  THE  INTERSEC-




TION OF STATE HIGHWAY  519  AND  LOOP  197  AND




OCCUPIES ABOUT 120 ACRES.   THERE WE HAVE  UNITS




OPERATING TO PRODUCE FLOOR TILE RESINS  AND  PARA-




XYLENE, AND UNITS  UNDER  CONSTRUCTION TO PRODUCE





STYRENE MONOMER AND POLYBUTENES.  FURTHER EXPAN-





SION IS PLANNED AT THAT  SITE.




        WE CURRENTLY EMPLOY  A  TOTAL OF  ABOUT




300 PEOPLE AT BOTH LOCATIONS, AND INTERCHANGE

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                                                93
        MAYOR  EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







PEOPLE BETWEEN  THE  SITES.




        II.  WATER  POLLUTION ABATEMENT:




        A.   PLANT A:





        OUR  WATER POLLUTION PROBLEMS AT  PLANT




A ARE MAINLY OIL RELATED AS OPPOSED TO BEING





LARGELY SOLUBLE ORGANICS OR INORGANICS.   TREAT-




MENT PROBLEMS ARE COMPOUNDED BY  THE FACT THAT




THE PLANT  IS OLD AND  WAS NOT DESIGNED FOR GOOD




WASTE WATER  QUALITY CONTROL; I.E.,  THE STORM




SEWER AND  PROCESS SEWER  ARE COMMON  AND THIS




PERMITS THE  ESCAPE  OF SOME OIL  FROM THE  EXISTING




OIL SEPARATOR AND RECOVERY FACILITIES WHENEVER




dEAVY RAINFALL  OCCURS.   OUR INVESTMENT IN EXIST-





ING EFFLUENT HANDLING FACILITIES,  INCLUDING  SEWERS,




OIL SEPARATOR,  ETC.,  IS  ABOUT $150,000.




        ALTHOUGH THE  QUALITY OF  OUR EFFLUENT




IS GENERALLY QUITE  GOOD, IT DOES  NOT NOW MEET




THE REQUIREMENTS SET  3Y  THE TEXAS WATER  QUALITY




CONTROL BOARD.  TO  CORRECT THIS,  ABOUT TWO YEARS





AGO WE RETAINED PROFESSOR A. W.  BUSCH OF RICE




UNIVERSITY,  SOUTHWEST RESEARCH  INSTITUTE,  AND




A HOUSTON  ENGINEERING FIRM TO CONDUCT EXTENSIVE

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







STUDIES AND PROVIDE THE  DESIGN  FOR TREATMENT




FACILITIES REQUIRED TO MEET  OR  EXCEED THE WATER




QUALITY dOARD REQUIREMENTS,  BOTH  FOR THE CUR-




RENT EFFLUENT AND  THAT FOR THE  NEW UNIT UNDER





CONSTRUCTION.  THE COST  OF THE  STUDY INCLUDING




BENCH-SCALE LABORATORY WORK, PROCESS DEVELOPMENT,




AND MECHANICAL DESIGN WAS ABOUT $60,000.  WE




HAVE MANAGEMENT APPROVAL, AND WILL GO OUT FOR




BIDS WITHIN A MONTH,  TO  BUILD A TREATMENT PLANT





ESTIMATED TO COST  ABOUT  $275,000.   THESE FACILI-





TIES WILL INCLUDE  SURGE  CAPACITY  FOR THE STORM




WATER, BIOLOGICAL  OXIDATION, AND  THE REQUIRED




MONITORING EQUIPMENT.  THE SYSTEM IS DESIGNED




FOR AN AVERAGE OF  370,000 GALLONS PER DAY, AND




THE OPERATING COST WILL  BE ABOUT  $60,000 PER




YEAR.




        IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE  INVESTMENT FOR




THE TREATMENT PLANT ITSELF,  THE WATER POLLUTION




ABATEMENT FACILITIES  WITHIN  THE NEW PROCESS UNIT




UNDER CONSTRUCTION WILL  COST ABOUT $60,000.  THIS





WILL PROVIDE FOR THE  SEGREGATION  OF PROCESS WASTE




WATER, STORM WATER AND SANITARY SEWAGE,  AND WILL

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                                                95
        MAYOR  EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







PERMIT THE MOST EFFICIENT  TREATMENT AND HANDLING




OF THESE WASTES.




        B.  PLANT B:




        AS WAS THE  CASE  FOR  PLANT A,  THE WATER




POLLUTION PROBLEMS  AT  PLANT  B  ARE MAINLY OIL RE-





LATED.  THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES  ARE THE LARGER




SIZE OF THE PLANT AND  THE  FACT THAT IT IS NEW




AND WE HAVE BEEN ABLE  TO DEVELOP  A WELL DESIGNED




SYSTEM FOR SEGREGATING THE VARIOUS TYPES OF WASTES




FOR MOST EFFICIENT  TREATMENT.   AT THE BEGINNING




OF OUR CURRENT EXPANSION WE  RETAINED  PROFESSOR





3USCH ET AL TO HELP DEVELOP  A  MASTER  PLAN FOR




THE ENTIRE SITE, INCLUDING COLLECTION SYSTEMS




WITHIN THE PROCESS  UNITS,  PIPELINES THROUGHOUT




THE PLANT, AND THE  TREATMENT FACILITIES PER SE.




        THE STUDY,  INCLUDING BENCH-SCALE LABORA-




TORY WORK, PROCESS  DEVELOPMENT AND MECHANICAL




DESIGN, COST ABOUT  $50,000.  THE  SYSTEM PROVIDES





FOR SEGREGATION OF  PROCESS WASTE  WATER,  STORM




WATER, SLOWDOWN FROM COOLING TOWERS AND BOILERS,




AND SANITARY SEWAGE.   THE  SYSTEM  EMPLOYED TO





HANDLE WASHDOWN WATER  AND  STORM WATER FROM WITHIN

-------
                                                96
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







THE BATTERY LIMITES OF  THE  PROCESS  UNITS  IS  CON-




SIDERED BY PROFESSOR  BUSCH  TO  BE  THE  BEST HE HAS




SEEN, AND HE IS RECOMMENDING THE  SAME APPROACH




TO OTHER CLIENTS.




        SANITARY SEWAGE  WILL BE TREATED  IN A




PACKAGE TREATMENT PLANT  AND THEN  DISCHARGED  TO




THE PROCESS SEWER.  TREATMENT  FACILITIES  FOR





THE PROCESS WASTE WATER  WILL CONSIST  OF OIL




SEPARATORS AT THE INDIVIDUAL PROCESS  UNITS,  AND




CENTRAL AIR FLOTATION UNITS FOLLOWED  BY EQUALIZA-




TION PONDS PLUS THE USUAL MONITORING  FACILITIES.




THESE PONDS ARE DESIGNED TO PERMIT  THE ADDITION




OF BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION, SHOULD THIS  PROVE NECES-




SARY TO MEET THE WATER QUALITY BOARD  REQUIREMENTS,




ALTHOUGH BENCH SCALE  TESTS  DID NOT  SHOW THIS TO




BE REQUIRED.




        THE FACILITIES ARE  SIZED  FOR  AN AVERAGE




3,000,000 GALLONS PER DAY,  ALTHOUGH THE LOAD





WITH PROCESS UNITS NOW UNDER CONSTRUCTION WILL





BE CONSIDERABLY LESS  THAN THIS.   THE  TOTAL COST




OF WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT FACILITIES AT




PLANT B WILL BE ABOUT $1,300,000,  INCLUDING  ABOUT

-------
                                                97
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







$400,000 FOR THE TREATMENT  PLANT PER SE AND





ABOUT $900,000 FOR  FACILITIES  AT THE INDIVIDUAL





PROCESS UNITS, COLLECTION LINES, ETC.   OPERATING





COST WILL BE SOME $60,OOO/YEAR.





        WE HAVE WORKED WITH THE  WATER QUALITY





BOARD DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF  OUR PLANS,  AND





HAVE SUBMITTED APPLICATIONS FOR  AMENDMENTS  TO





OUR PERMITS FOR BOTH  PLANT  A AND PLANT B TO REFLECT





THE CHANGES MADE.





        III.  AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT:





        A.  PLANT A:





        PLANT A HAS A  CENTRAL  PLANT FLARE SYSTZ.';





AND WE HAVE PROVIDED  A FLARE TIP OF THE SMOKELESS





DESIGN,  oJ THERE 15 MO PROBLEM HERE EXCEPT  IN





UNUSUAL TYPES OF PLANT UPSETS.





        THE ONLY UNIT  WHICH IS A POTENTIAL  SOURCE





OF ,MR POLLUTION PROBLEMS IS THE METHYL MERCAP-





TAN UNIT, WHICH CONVERTS METHANOL AND WASTE





HYDROGEN SULFIDE INTO  THE PRODUCT.   TO PREVENT





THE ESCAPE OF THE ODOROUS RAW  MATERIALS AND BY-





PRODUCTS, ALL NON-PRODUCT STREAMS FROM THE  UNIT





ARE VENTED INTO AN  INCINERATOR TO CONVERT THE

-------
                                                93
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







SULFUR COMPOUNDS TO S02.   THE  FLUE  GAS  IS




VENTED THROUGH A 140-FOOT  STACK  TO  DISPERSE THE




S02.  THE EMISSION DOES  NOT NOW  MEET  THE  TEXAS




AIR CONTROL BOARD LIMITS,  AND  WE  HAVE SUBMITTED





A PETITION FOR A VARIANCE  TO PERMIT US  TO  RESOLVE




THE PROBLEM.  IT IS IMPORTANT  TO  NOTE HERE THAT




THE UNIT CONVERTS WASTE  SULFUR, WHICH WOULD




OTHERWISE EITHER HAVE TO BE VENTED  TO THE  ATMOS-




PHERE OR CONSUMED BY  SOME  OTHER  SULFUR  RECOVERY




PROCESS, TO A SALABLE PRODUCT.




        TOTAL INVESTMENT FOR PLANT  A  AIR  POLLU-





TION ABATEMENT FACILITIES  IS ABOUT  $50,000 AND




THE OPERATING COST IS ABOUT $5,000/YEAR.




        B.  PLANT B:




        AT PLANT 8 THE ONLY SIGNIFICANT SOURCE




OF AIR POLLUTION IS WASTE  HYDROCARBON GASES FROM




THE PROCESS UNITS.   TO HANDLE  THIS  WE WILL HAVE




TWO PLANT FLARE SYSTEMS, EACH  EQUIPPED  WITH




SMOKELESS TIPS.  TOTAL INVESTMENT IN  THE  FLARES




AND COLLECTION SYSTEMS IS  ABOUT  $600,000,  AND




THE OPERATING COST IS SOME $8,000/YEAR.




        BORDEN, INC.  - (CHEMICAL  DIVISION/SMITH-

-------
                                                99
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY








DOUGLASS) TEXAS CITY,  TEXAS:





        THE SMITH-DOUGLASS  PLANT  WAS  ORIGINALLY





CONSTRUCTED BY TEXAS  CITY CHEMICAL  COMPANY  IN





1952 FOR THE PURPOSE  OF  PRODUCING DI-CALCIUM





PHOSPHATE.  SMITH-DOUGLASS  ACQUIRED THE  PLANT





IN 1957, AND IN 1962  DISCONTINUED THE PRODUCTION





OF DI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE.  PRESENTLY,  WE  PRODUCE





SULFURIC ACID, PHOSPHORIC ACID  AND  AMMONIUM





PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER  FOR AGRICULTURAL USE  THROUGH





OUT THE SOUTHWEST FARMING AREA.





        SULFURIC ACID  IS PRODUCED BY  BURNING





SULFUR, RELEASING S02, WHICH  IS CONVERTED  TO





S03, THEN ABSORBED  INTO  A DILUTE  SULFURIC  ACID.





ALL OF THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH A COMPLETELY





ENCLOSED SYSTEM WITH  THE EXHAUST  STACK AT  THE





VERY END OF THE PROCESS  FOR THE PURPOSE  OF  PER-





MITTING THE FLOW OF GASSES  THROUGH  THE SYSTEM.





        THE PHOSPHORIC ACID IS  PRODUCED  SY  COM-





BINING SULFURIC ACID  AND ROCK PHOSPHATE, WHICH





IS SHIPPED IN FROM  SMITH-DOUGLASS OWNED  MINES IN





FLORIDA.  THE ROCK  PHOSPHATE  IS GROUND AFTER





IT IS RECEIVED THROUGH THE  ROCK GRINDING MILL

-------
                                                100
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







TO A PARTICLE SIZE OF APPROXIMATELY  70%  MINUS




200 MESH, WHICH  IS ABOUT  70 MICRONS  IN SIZE.





DURING THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING  PHOSPHORIC




ACID, THE PRECIPITATE, WHICH  IS  CALCIUM  SULFATE,




IS PUMPTED AS A  SLURRY TO  THE  SETTLING POND.




ALL OF THE WATER THEN FLOWS BACK BY  GRAVITY  INTO




THE PLANT AND IS REUSED.





        ALL PROCESS WATER  IS  REUSED  MANY  TIMES




SO THAT MOST OF  THE WATER  EFFLUENT  IS MERELY




SURFACE DRAINAGE WATER.




        I WILL DISCUSS EACH OF THE  PRODUCTION





UNITS SEPARATELY.




        SULFURIC ACID:




        WE HAVE  A CHEMICO  CONSTRUCTION DESIGNED




CONTACT SULFURIC ACID PLANT.   IN EARLY 1966, AN




ADDITIONAL THIRD CONVERTER WAS ADDED TO  THE  PLANT,




WHICH INCREASED  THE AMOUNT OF  CATALYST (VANADIUM




PENTOXIDE) BY 40%.  OTHER  IMPROVEMENTS WERE  MADE





AT THAT TIME, SUCH AS ADDING A NEW  BOILER AND




NEW DUCTWORK, MOST OF WHICH CONTRIBUTED  TO IMPROV-




ING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE  PROCESS AND REDUCING





THE EMISSION OF  S02 AND/OR SO  INTO  THE  ATMOS-

-------
                                                101
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







PHERE.  THIS YEAR,  1968,  WE  COMPLETED THE INSTAL-





LATION OF A NEW STACK,  5'6"  IN  DIAMETER AND 250'





HIGH, ESPECIALLY DESIGNED AND ENGINEERED FOR





OUR PLANT BY LEONARD-MONSANTO,  ENGINEERING EX-





PERTS IN THIS FIELD.  WE  WILL TAKE  STACK SAMPLES





PERIODICALLY AND KEEP A  RECORD  OF  THE CONCENTRA-





TION OF EMISSIONS OF  S02  AND SOj.   WE ARE PRE-





SENTLY OPERATING WITHIN  THE  STANDARD FOR AN





INDUSTRIAL AREA AT A  LEVEL OF 0.17  PPM.   HOWEVER,





THIS IS BASED UPON STUDIES MADE  PRIOR TO THE





INSTALLATION OF OUR NEW  250' STACK.   WE HAVE





ONLY RECENTLY COMPLETED  THE  STACK  AND ADDITIONAL





STUDIES HAVE NOT YET  BEEN MADE.





        PHOSPHORIC ACID:





        AS STATED ABOVE,  ROCK PHOSPHATE IS DI-





GESTED WITH SULFURIC  ACID TO PRODUCE PHOSPHORIC





ACID.  THE FUMES WERE DRAWN  FROM THE DIGESTERS





3Y STEAM JET EVACUATORS '/HI CM DILUTED AND DIS-





PERSED THE EMISSIONS.  ALTHOUGH  THIS WAS A SATIS-





FACTORY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL,  WE  DID REPLACE





THIS SYSTEM WITH A SPECIALLY ENGINEERED AND





DESIGNED WET SCRUBBER IN  1967.   THIS NEW SYSTEM

-------
                                               102
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY

DRAWS FUMES FROM THE DIGESTERS AND ABSORBS
THEM BEFORE RELEASING INTO THE ATMOSPHERE
THROUGH A 75' STACK.
        FERTILIZER:
        AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER IS MANU-
FACTURED BY COMBINING PHOSPHORIC ACID AND ANHY-
DROUS AMMONIA.  IN 1964, TWO BANKS OF DUST CY-
CLONES WERE INSTALLED WHICH HAD BEEN ENGINEERED
AND DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR OUR OPERATION.  THESE
DID NOT SOLVE ALL THE PROBLEMS, SO IN 1966 AN
IMPINGING TYPE WET SCRUBBER WAS DESIGNED AND
INSTALLED TO BACK UP THE CYCLONES.  THE EMISSIONS
WERE THEN DISCHARGED FROM THIS SCRUBBER INTO A
150' HIGH, 6' DIAMETER FIBERGLASS STACK.
        IN 1967, A NEW, SPECIALLY DESIGNED NHj
SCRUBBER REPLACED OUR OLD ONE TO CLEAN UP FUMES
FROM THE REACTORS AT THE FERTILIZER UNIT.
        ROCK MILL:
        THIS WAS THE SOURCE OF A VERY FINE DUST,
WHICH WOULD DRIFT AWAY FROM THE EXHAUST STACK OF
THE GRINDING MILL.  THIS PROBLEM IS NOW ELIMINATED
BY PULLING THE DUST THROUGH A BAG DUST COLLECTOR.

-------
                                                103
        MAYOR EMMETT F.  LOWRY







THE DUST COLLECTOR WAS  INSTALLED  DURING  THIS




YEAR, 1968.




        IN 1967, AN OUTSIDE  FIRM  WAS  CONTRACTED




TO MEASURE ATMOSPHERIC  EMISSIONS  FROM OUR  PLANT





IN THE IMMEDIATE AND SURROUNDING  AREAS FOR:





        1.  DUST AND PARTICULATES




        2.  SULFUR DIOXIDE




        3.  FLUORIDES




        k.  ACID MIST OR FUMES




        5.  AMMONIA





        THEIR FINDINGS  WOULD INDICATE THAT WE





ARE NOW OPERATING WITHIN ACCEPTABLE LIMITS ON




ALL OF THESE CATEGORIES.




        AT THE PRESENT  TIME, WE HAVE  PLANS TO




INSTALL ANOTHER BAG DUST COLLECTOR AT THE  END




OF THE PHOSPHATE ROCK TRANSFER SYSTEM.   THE PRE-




SENT PNEUMATIC CONVEYING SYSTEM NOW EMPTIES INTO




A CYCLONE, WHICH IS NOT AS EFFICIENT  AS  THE BAG




DUST COLLECTOR WILL BE.




        PRELIMINARY STUDIES ARE ALSO  BEING MADE




TO IMPROVE THE APPEARANCE OF THE  EFFLUENT  FROM





THE FERTILIZER STACK.

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY








        MEEDLESS  TO SAY,  AS  MODIFICATIONS AND





IMPROVEMENTS ARE  MADE  IN  THE PROCESSING UNITS,





AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION  WILL 3E CONSIDERED





IN THE DESIGNS.





        SPEECH  BEFORE  SENATOR  CHRIS COLE'S COM-





MITTEE - SEPTEMBER 6,  1968:





        THE CITY  OF GALVESTON  HAS  A SERIOUS PROB-





LEM IN THE AREA OF LAND-USE  AND ENVIRONMENTAL





CONTROL.  IN A  MAJOR  SENSE,  THIS IS CAUSED BY





THE FACT THAT WE  ARE  AN  ISLAND AND A RESORT CENTER





TO MAKE THE ISLAND ATTRACTIVE  TO TOURISTS, WE





MUST DO EVERYTHING IN  OUR POWER TO IMPROVE THE





APPEARANCE AND  CONDITIONS ON THE ISLAND.





        IN THE  AREA OF AIR  POLLUTION,  THE CITY





IN THE PAST HAS DISPOSED  OF  ITS SOLID  WASTE BY





BURNING IN AN OPEN PIT.   THE CITY  IS NOW  PLAN-





NING A NEW PROCEDURE,  IN  THAT  WE WILL  GO  TO THE





SANITARY LAND FILL METHOD OF DISPOSAL  OF  RUBBISH





BY JULY 1, 1969.  AT  THE  SAME  TIME IT  WILL BE





NECESSARY FOR THE CITY COUNCIL TO  CONSIDER ADOPT-





ING AN ORDINANCE  WHICH WILL  PROHIBIT ANY  OPEN





FIRE WITHIN THE CITY  LIMITS.

-------
                                                105
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







        IN THE AREA OF  WATER  POLLUTION,  GALVESTON




IS VITALLY INTERESTED,  AGAIN  DUE  TO THE  FACT





THAT WE ARE SURROUNDED  BY  WATER.   THE CITY OF




GALVESTON, WITH  FEDERAL  ASSISTANCE,  HAS  HIRED




A FIRM OF CONSULTING  ENGINEERS  TO MAKE AN INVEN-




TORY OF OUR SANITARY  SEWER SYSTEM AND ALSO TO




MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS, WITH PRIORITIES, AS TO




HOW THE CITY SHOULD UPGRADE THIS  SYSTEM.   THIS




STUDY REPORT HAS JUST BEEN RECEIVED AND  IT WILL




BE FOLLOWED AS RAPIDLY  AS  POSSIBLE SUBJECT ONLY




TO THE AVAILABILITY OF  FUNDS.   IN GENERAL, IT





RECOMMENDS NEW SANITARY  MAINS  IN  THE OLDER AREAS




OF TOWN WHERE WE HAVE COMBINED  SEWERS.  IT RECOM-




MENDS PROJECTS TO UPGRADE  THE  EFFICIENCY  OF TWO




OF OUR TREATMENT PLANTS.   IT  ALSO RECOMMENDS TWO




NEW PACKAGE PLANTS AND  COLLECTION LINES  IN AREAS




THAT ARE NOT SERVED BY  SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM.




WE HAVE JUST COMPLETED  A COLLECTION SYSTEM





ALONG TEICHMAN ROAD WHICH  WILL  ELIMINATE  THE




EXISTING SEPTIC  TANKS ALONG THE NORTH SHORE OF




OFFATS BAYOU.  THE CITY, BY POLICY,  WILL  DO





EVERYTHING POSSIBLE TO  ELIMINATE  ANY SOURCE OF

-------
                                                106
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







WATER POLLUTION FROM  WITHIN  THE  CITY  LIMITS.




        GALVESTON IS  A TOURIST CENTER AND MANY




HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS CF  PEOPLE,  BOTH FROM




WITHIN AND OUTSIDE OF THE  STATE,  COME AND USE




OUR BEACHES.  WITH THEM  COMES THE  CONSTANT PROB-




LEM LITTER.  IN AN EFFORT  TO KEEP  THESE BEACHES




CLEAN, THE CITY OF GALVESTON IN  1966  PASSED A





COMPREHENSIVE LITTER  ORDINANCE.




        IN 1968 THE COUNCIL  PASSED AN ORDINANCE





PROHIBITING GLASS CONTAINERS TO  BE TAKEN ON TO




THE BEACH WITHIN THE  CITY  LIMITS.   BOTH OF THESE




ORDINANCES ARE BEING  ENFORCED, HOWEVER, THE




LITTERING CONTINUES TO BE  A  PROBLEM.   THE INCREAS-




ING AMOUNT OF OIL AND TAR  THAT APPEARS ON THE




BEACHES HAS A TREMENDOUS  NUISANCE  VALUE.   WE  ARE




SURE THAT THE OFFSHORE OIL,  GAS  AND MINERAL




DEVELOPMENTS ARE CONTRIBUTING TO  THE  LITTER ON




THE BEACH.




        THE LITTER AND OTHER PROBLEMS CONNECTED





TO THE BEACH WERE BROUGHT  TO THE  ATTENTION OF




THE STATE BEACH STUDY COMMITTEE,  WHICH HELD ITS





FIRST HEARING IN GALVESTON ON THE  21ST AND 22ND

-------
                                                107
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY








OF AUGUST, AND WE  FIRMLY  HOPE  AND BELIEVE THAT





AT THE CONCLUSION  OF  THEIR  STUDY WE WILL RECEIVE





SOME ASSISTANCE  IN  THIS  AREA.





        FROM THE FOREGOING  I AM SURE THAT YOU





CAN SEE THAT WE  ARE AWARE OF THE PROBLEMS THAT





AFFECT OUR ENVIRONMENT AND  I CAN ASSURE YOU





THAT WE ARE CONSTANTLY STRIVING TO IMPROVE THE





SITUATION AND MAKE  GALVESTON  ISLAND A BETTER





PLACE ON WHICH TO  LIVE OR VISIT.





        STATEMENT  BY  EMMETT F.  LOWRY, MAYOR CITY





OF TEXAS CITY, AT  COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF LAND





USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL  HEARING,  SEPTEMBER





6, 1968, AT TEXAS  CITY,  TEXAS.





        DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS  OF THE COMMITTEE:





        I WILL NOT  CRITICIZE THE PAST BUT I WILL





ADMIT THAT IN THE  PAST THE  CITY OF TEXAS CITY





HAS BEEN GUILTY  OF  POLLUTING THE WATERS OF THE





BAY AND TODAY WE ARE  PROJrttiLY  GUILTY TO SOME





EXTENT OF POLLUTING THE  AIR THROUGH THE "BURN"





SYSTEM OF SOLID  WASTE MATERIAL.





        TEXAS CITY  FIRST  BECAME POLLUTION CON-





SCIOUS IN 1950 WHEN THE  CITY BUILT ITS  FIRST

-------
                                                108
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







WASTEWATER TREATMENT  PLANT WITH  A  CAPACITY  TO




ACCOMMODATE A POPULATION OF  25,-QOO.   ACCORDING




TO THE GALVESTON COUNTY  MAINLAND CITIES  HEALTH





DEPARTMENT, TEXAS CITY WAS THE FIRST  CITY  IN




THE COUNTY TO OFFER COMPLETE TREATMENT OF  RAW




SEWAGE.




        THEN IN 1955  THE CITY CONSTRUCTED  THE




SECOND WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT  TO SERVE




THE NEWLY ANNEXED AREA WEST  OF STATE  HIGHWAY 146





AND'NORTH OF FARM TO  MARKET  ROAD 1765.   SEWAGE




LINE INSTALLATIONS WERE  BEGUN IMMEDIATELY  AND




TODAY ALL BUT 8 OF THE HOMES IN  THIS  AREA  ARE




CONNECTED TO THE SEWER SYSTEM.




        A PROJECT COSTING $450,000  FOR IMPROVE-




MENTS TO AND ENLARGEMENT OF  THE  MAIN  WATER  TREAT-




MENT PLANT WAS STARTED IN 1963.  BIDS ARE  DUE




SEPTEMBER 18, FOR THE FIRST  PHASE  OF  AN  ADDITIONAL




$185,000 IMPROVEMENT  IN  BOTH PLANTS.





        PLEASE BE ASSURED THIS CITY COMMISSION




WILL SEE THAT IT CONTINUES CONSTANTLY TO KEEP




UP WITH THE RAPID GROWTH OF  TEXAS  CITY.  TO BE





POSITIVE ALL TREATMENT FACILITIES  MEET THE  HIGH-

-------
                                                109
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







EST STANDARDS OF PERFECTION  THEY  ARE  CONSTRUCTED




WITH THE ADVICE AND APPROVAL OF  THE  TEXAS  STATE




HEALTH DEPARTMENT AND  RECENTLY THE  TEXAS  WATER




POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD.   OUR PRESENT FACILITIES




SHOULD ACCOMMODATE A  POPULATION  OF  60,000.




        THE STATE REQUIRES THAT  EACH  WASTE  WATER




TREATMENT PLANT BE PLACED  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION




OF ONE CERTIFIED OPERATOR.   THE  CITY  COMMISSION




IN ITS DETERMINED EFFORT TO  ASSURE  MAXIMUM  OPERA-





TION OF THE FACILITIES HAS GONE  BEYOND STATE




REQUIREMENTS, AND EMPLOYED CERTIFIED  OPERATION




ON EACH SHIFT, 7 DAYS  A WEEK, 2
-------
                                                110
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







THAT SOME EFFLUENTS FROM WASTE  WATER TREATMENT





PLANTS CAN BE USED FOR  VARIOUS  PROCESS PURPOSES




IN SOME INDUSTRIES, FOR INSTANCE,  COOLING WATER.




THE CITY HAS COOPERATED WITH ONE  LOCAL INDUSTRY




IN MAKING PRELIMINARY TESTS ALONG  THIS LINE.





OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS YOUR CITY GOVERNMENT




HAS SPENT OVER ONE MILLION DOLLARS ON PREVENTA-




TIVE INSTALLATIONS TO  CURB WATER POLLUTION.   THE




CITY ALSO GIVES SUBSTANTIAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT




TO THE GALVESTON COUNTY  MAINLAND  CITIES  HEALTH




DEPARTMENT TO ASSIST  IN ITS CONSTANT ENDEAVORS





TO FIND POSITIVE SOLUTIONS IN CONTROLLING AIR AMD




WATER POLLUTION.




        FACTS ARE STUBBORN THINGS  AND SOMEONE




HAS SAID "THE BEST WAY  OUT OF DIFFICULTY IS




THROUGH IT/' SO THE CITY COMMISSION, THROUGH




ITS CONSTANT STUDY AND  PLANNING,  PUTS INTO  EFFECT




TODAY WHAT WE PLANNED YESTERDAY AND WE ARE  PLAN-




NING TODAY WHAT WE WILL  PUT INTO  EFFECT  TOMORROW.




THIS DOES NOT MEAN WE ARE ON A  DAY TO DAY BASIS




IN OUR OPERATIONS BECAUSE MANY  OF  OUR STUDIES





CONCERN PROJECTS FAR  IN  ADVANCE OF REQUIREMENTS

-------
                                                Ill
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







BUT WHICH WILL BE READY  WHEN GROWTH  AND NEED




SO DICTATES.  FOR THOSE  OF YOU  INTERESTED  IN COSTS




OF WASTE WATER OPERATION, THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES




SERVING IS  17 AND THE ANNUAL OPERATING  BUDGET




IS $235,000.00.





        OUR IMMEDIATE CONCERN IN  THE POLLUTION




PROBLEMS IS OUR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AREA  LOCATED




IN THE NORTHEAST PART OF THE CITY.   YOU WILL




REMEMBER I  PREVIOUSLY STATED THAT DISPOSAL CON-




TROL OF SOLID WASTE IS BY THE "BURN" SYSTEM RATHER




THAN SANITARY LAND FILLS WHICH  ARE  IMPRACTICABLE





IN THAT PARTICULAR AREA  BECAUSE OF  THE  INSUFFICIENT




AMOUNT OF SOIL BETWEEN THE WATER  TABLE  AND THE




GROUND SURFACE.  HOWEVER, YOUR  CITY  COMMISSION




IS KEEPING ABREAST OF ALL DEVELOPMENTS  IN  OTHER




CITIES WHICH ARE BEING TRIED FOR  SUCH DISPOSAL,




SUCH AS COMPOSTING, INCINERATION,  ETC.   ALL OF




THE NEW DEVELOPMENTS OF  DISPOSAL  ARE BEING EVALU-





ATED WITH CONSERVATION OF THE TAXPAYERS' DOLLARS




UPPERMOST IN THE MINDS OF THE COMMISSION.   UNTIL





THERE IS CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE THAT ONE SYSTEM




OFFERS A COMPLETE AND SATISFACTORY  MEANS OF DIS-

-------
                                                112
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







POSAL WE WILL CONTINUE  TO  MAKE  OUR PLANS  TO




BEGIN A SANITARY LAND FILL PROCEDURE  ON JULY  1,




1969.





        ONE BRIGHT PICTURE IN THE  SOLID WASTE




DISPOSAL PROBLEM IS OUR  EFFICIENT  GARBAGE COLLEC-




TION SYSTEM.  32 EMPLOYEES OPERATE THE  SANITATION




DEPARTMENT WITH AN ANNUAL  OPERATING BUDGET OF




$213,469.00.




        TODAY IT SEEMS  MOST POPULAR TO  ACCUSE




ONLY INDUSTRY OF AIR AND WATER  POLLUTION, BUT I




HAVE SHOWN YOU THAT THE  CITY CAN BE,  WAS, AND




IS, ALSO GUILTY.  AND WHO  IS THE CITY?   NONE




OTHER THAN ITS CITIZENS.   IT HAS BEENSAID THAT




"CIVILIZATION IS PAVED  WITH TIN CANS,"  BUT TODAY'S




CIVILIZATION SEEMS TO BE PAVED  WITH ALUMINUM




BEER CANS AND BUNDLES OF TRASH  OR  GARBAGE ALONG




OUR ROADS AND IN OUR PARKS.  THIS  IS  A  FORM OF




POLLUTION.  YOU HAVE SEEN  THE SECOND  CAR  IN A




FAMILY USED TO TRAVEL TO WORK OR THE  '-JUNKER"





USED TO GO FISHING IN,  ON  OUR STREETS SENDING UP




A CLOUD OF OBNOXIOUS SMOKE.  THIS  IS  A  FORM OF




POLLUTION.  SOME HEALTH  FADISTS CLAIM THE "CHAR"

-------
                                                113
        MAYOR EMMETT F.  LOWRY







FROM GRILLED OR BARBECUED MEAT  IS  A SOURCE  OF





CANCER.  THAT, I DO NOT  KNOW ABOUT,  BUT  I  DO





KNOW SMOKE FROM GRILLS AND  PITS  ARE A FORM  OF





AID POLLUTION, SO YOU SEE EVERYONE IS GUILTY TO





SOME EXTENT FOR POLLUTION.  WE HAVE READ IN THE





HOUSTON NEWSPAPERS THAT  THEY ARE RECEIVING  SOME





AIR POLLUTANTS FROM TEXAS CITY.   THIS IS POSSIBLE,





AND WE CAN FEEL THAT WE  ARE EXCHANGING IT FOR





THE SAME FROM GALVESTON, TO THE  SOUTH OF US.





THIS POINTS OUT THE AREA WIDE EFFECT OF  POLLUTION.





WE CAN DO NOTHING ABOUT  THEIR PROBLEMS EXCEPT





BY SOLVING OUR OWN AMD THIS WE ARE DOING.   I





HOPE OUR GOOD NEIGHBORS  WILL STRIVE AS HARD AS





WE .





        AS I TOLD YOU BEFORE "FACTS ARE  STUBBORN,1





AND IN THE CASE OF LOCAL POLLUTION,  FACT, HAVE  A





WAY OF POINTING THE FINGER  AT ALL  OF US  BUT BY





WORKING TOGETHER AND DISPLAYING  THE PROPER  AMOUNT





OF TOLERANCE WE HAVE AND WILL GAIN AN INSIGHT





TO THE CONCERN OF INDUSTRY  AND OF  THE VAST  AMOUNTS





OF MONEY BEING SPENT, TO PROTECT OUR INTEREST AS





INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS AND  AS  A CITY.

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







        I TAKE PARTICULAR  PRIDE  IN  MY  BELIEF




THAT THERE IS A SPIRIT OF  CLOSE  COOPERATION BE-




TWEEN THE MEMBERS OF  INDUSTRY, THE  AIR CONTROL




DIVISION OF THE GALVESTON  COUNTY  MAINLAND CITIES




HEALTH DEPARTMENT, THE CITY OF TEXAS  CITY,  AS





WELL AS THE CITIZENRY OF THE AREA.  WE FEEL THAT





ONLY THROUGH THIS TYPE OF  COOPERATION  CAN WE




ACCOMPLISH THE GOALS WE  SEEK TO ATTAIN.




        WE BELIEVE THAT  GALVESTON COUNTY  WILL




BECOME A MODEL FOR OTHER AREAS TO FOLLOW  IN THE




FIELDS OF AIR, WATER, AND  SOLID WASTE  CONTROL.




        STATEMENT BY GALVESTON COUNTY  COMMISSIONERS'




COURT TO SENATOR CRISS COLE, CHAIRMAN  AND MEMBERS




OF THE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE FOR  THE  STUDY  OF




LAND USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, CITY  HALL,




TEXAS CITY, TEXAS;




        GENTLEMEN:




        THE GALVESTON COUNTY COMMISSIONERS'




COURT APPRECIATES THE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE FOR




THE STUFY OF LAND USE AND  ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL




MEETING IN TEXAS CITY AND  WELCOMES  THE OPPORTUNITY




TO PRESENT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION  TO THE COMMIT-

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                                                115
        MAYOR  EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







TEE.





        IT  IS  BECOMING  INCREASINGLY MORE APPAR-




ENT THAT COUNTY GOVERNMENT  MUST HAVE LEGAL




AUTHORITY OVER LAND USE  OUTSIDE THE INCORPORATED




CITY LIMITS  IN THE SAME  MANNER  AS  INCORPORATED





CITIES WITHIN  THEIR LIMITS.  THIS  SHOULD INCLUDE




THE AUTHORITY  TO  ISSUE  BUILDING PERMITS,  AUTHOR-




ITY TO REGULATE THE USE  OF  LAND AND ADJACENT SUB-




MERGED LAND  TO PROVIDE  FOR  THE  BEST INTERESTS OF




THE COUNTY.  A BILL SIMILAR  TO  THIS WAS  INTRO-




DUCED IN THE GOTH LEGISLATURE AND  YOUR CONSIDERA-





TION OF SUCH A MEASURE  IS EARNESTLY REQUESTED.




        THE  GALVESTON COUNTY COMMISSIONERS'




COURT ENDORSES THE EFFORTS  OF THE  TEXAS  WATER




QUALITY BOARD  AND THE TEXAS  AIR CONTROL  BOARD TO




ELIMINATE POLLUTION OF  OUR  WATERWAYS AND AIR IN




TEXAS.  DURING THE YEAR  1968, GALVESTON  COUNTY




BEGAN THE AIR  CONTROL DIVISION  WITHIN THE GALVESTON




COUNTY - MAINLAND CITIES HEALTH DEPARTMENT WITH




AID FROM A FEDERAL GRANT.  WE ARE  NOW ACTIVELY




ASSISTING AND  COOPERATING WITH  THE TEXAS AIR




CONTROL BOARD  TO CARRY OUT  ITS  PLAN FOR  THE STATE

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                                                116
        MAYOR EMMETT  F. LOWRY







OF TEXAS.  YOUR ASSISTANCE  IN  PROPERLY  FUNDING




THIS STATE AGENCY WILL BE GREATLY  APPRECIATED.





WE ALSO REQUEST YOUR  CONSIDERATION OF  LEGISLATION




TO GIVE AUTHORITY TO  LOCAL  GOVERNMENTS  TO  PREVENT




AIR POLLUTION AGAINST ALL PERSONS  OR CORPORATIONS




BY COURT ACTION CRIMINALLY  OR  CIVILLY.




        COOPERATION BETWEEN GALVESTON  COUNTY,





THE CITIES OF GALVESTON COUNTY AND THE  VARIOUS




CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE  ON POLLUTION  PROBLEMS  HAS




BEEN VERY ENCOURAGING DURING THE PAST  TWO  YEARS.




IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT  AUTHORITY IS  PROVIDED  FOR




CITIES AND OTHER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS  TO  COOPERATE




WITH THE COUNTY TO COMBAT POLLUTION IF  PRESENT




STATUTES DO NOT PROVIDE SUCH AUTHORITY.  AN IDEAL




EXAMPLE OF THIS IS THE PLANT EFFLUENT  PROBLEM




ALONG HIGHWAY 197 AND F. M. 519  IN TEXAS CITY.




THROUGH COOPERATION WITH THE CITY  OF TEXAS  CITY,




THE AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION COMMITTEE OF THE





TEXAS CITY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, AND GALVESTON





COUNTY THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD IS ACTIVELY




WORKING WITH LOCAL INDUSTRIES  FOR  A PERMANENT




SOLUTION TO THIS POLLUTION  PROBLEM.  HOWEVER,

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                                                117
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







SOME COLLECTIVE AUTHORITY  IS NEEDED  FOR THE CITY




AND COUNTY TO ACT  IN  THE EVENT  THE TEXAS  WATER




QUALITY BOARD DECIDES NOT  TO ACT.




        ONE OF THE MOST  URGENT  LOCAL PROBLEMS




DURING THE NEXT YEAR  REQUIRING  LOCAL GOVERNMENT





COOPERATION IS THE DISPOSAL OF  SOLID WASTE.




MUCH PROGRESS IS BEING MADE IN  GALVESTON  COUNTY




BECAUSE OF THE GALVESTON COUNTY  MAYORS  AND COUN-




CILMEN'S ASSOCIATION  AND THE COOPERATION  BETWEEN




THE COUNTY AND THE CITY  GOVERNMENTS.   THE STATE




HEALTH DEPARTMENT HAS BEEN MOST HELPFUL IN ADVIS-




ING AND ASSISTING US  FROM  A TECHNICAL STANDPOINT




TO REACH A SATISFACTORY  SOLUTION.  THIS COMMITTEE




IS RESPECTFULLY URGED TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL AUTHOR-




ITY TO THE STATE HEALTH  DEPARTMENT SO THEY MIGHT




HELP COUNTIES AND CITIES REACH  A DESIRABLE SOLU-




TION TO THE PROBLEM OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL.




THIS SHOULD INCLUDE SOME FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE  FOR





CAPITAL EXPENDITURES  AS WELL AS  TECHNICAL ASSIST-





ANCE.




        FINALLY, THE  GALVESTON  COUNTY COMMISSIONERS'





COURT URGES THIS HONORABL.il COMMITTEE TO GIVE

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                                                118
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







STRONG CONSIDERATION  TO  THE  PROPOSED GALVESTON




BAY AUTHORITY WHICH WOULD  PROVIDE  FOR A MULTI-




COUNTY TAXING AUTHORITY  TO DEAL  WITH THE LOCAL




PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION,  INCLUDING SEWAGE




AND LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL, AND SOLID WASTE  DIS-





POSAL.  THE GALVESTON  COUNTY  COMMISSIONERS'  COURT




HAS NOT REACHED ANY DECISION  AS  TO  WHETHER  WE




WOULD FAVOR THIS AUTHORITY BUT AS  AN ACTIVE  MEM-




BER OF THE HOUSTON - GALVESTON AREA COUNCIL  WE




HOPE TO SUPPORT AREA-WIDE  AND' .REGIONAL PROGRAMS




FOR THE SOLUTION OF LOCAL  PROBLEMS.   IF THE  PRO-





POSED GALVESTON BAY AUTHORITY APPEARS TO BE  THE




PROPER VEHICLE, WE WOULD ENCOURAGE  THIS COMMITTEE




TO SEEK ITS ADOPTION  IN  THE  61ST LEGISLATURE.




        WE ARE PLEASED TO  HAVE THIS  OPPORTUNITY




TO APPEAR BEFORE THIS  HONORABLE  COMMITTEE.   WE




WELCOME ANY QUESTIONS  OR COMMENTS  ON THE INFORMA-




TION PRESENTED TO YOU.




        RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED,  RAY  HOL3ROOK,




COUNTY JUDGE.




        GAF CORPORATION  REPORT TO  LAND USE  AND





ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY COMMITTEE, TEXAS CITY,  TEXAS,

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                                                119
        MAYOR  EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







SEPTEMBER  6,  1968,  PRESENTED  BY DR.  DAVID E.




GENSHEIMER.





        SEVERAL YEARS  AGO  GAP  CORPORATION RECOG-




NIZED THE  NEED TO EXPAND CERTAIN OF  ITS MANUFACTUR-




ING FACILITIES.  MANY  LOCATIONS OVER THE CONTIGU-




OUS UNITED STATES WERE CONSIDERED.   THE GULF  COAST




OF TEXAS SHOWED ADVANTAGES  AMONG WHICH ARE A





FAVORABLE  CLIMATE,  A  GOOD  EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM  AND




PROXIMITY  TO RAW MATERIALS, WESTERN  MARKETS AND




DEEP WATER TRANSPORTATION.  BECAUSE  OF THESE




AND OTHER  CONSIDERATIONS,  WE HAVE BECOME A NEW




MEMBER OF  THE  TEXAS CITY COMMUNITY.   WE FEEL  THAT




THE CHOICE OF  LOCATION WAS  WELL ADVISED AND SHOULD




BE ADVANTAGEOUS TO  THE STATE,  THE COMMUNITY AND




TO GAF FOR MANY YEARS.




        WE WERE ALSO ADVISED,  HOWEVER,  THAT WE




WOULD BE PLACING OURSELVES  IN  A MOST SENSITIVE





POSITION.  THE CONSTRUCTION AND EARLY OPERATIONS




OF THE PLANT WOULD  OCCUR AT A  TIME WHEN PUBLIC




AND GOVERNMENTAL INTEREST  IN POLLUTION MATTERS




WERE REACHING  NEW HEIGHTS.  THE IMPLICATION IS





NOT THAT THIS  IS BAD BUT QUITE  SIMPLY THAT THE

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                                                120
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







PLANT SHOULD BE EQUIPPED TO  HANDLE  POLLUTION




PROBLEMS.  SECONDLY,  THE PLANT  SITE DRAINS  NATUR-




ALLY INTO MOSES BAYOU, A TIDAL  BACKWATER,  AND




THENCE INTO MOSES LAKE,  AN EXTREMELY SHALLOW




BODY OF WATER WHOSE NORMAL COMMUNICATION WITH





GAliVESTON BAY HAS RECENTLY BEEN RESTRICTED  BY




A FLOODWALL AND FLOODGATE.   THUS, EVEN  THOUGH AN




ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCE  MIGHT BE EXPECTED,  GAF WOULD




BE VULNERABLE.  THIRDLY,  THE GAF  PLANT  WOULD BE




ISOLATED AND THE ONLY  INDUSTRY  ON THE NORTH SIDE




OF TEXAS CITY, MAKING  ANY ERRORS  INSTANTLY  APPAR-




ENT TO THE WHOLE COMMUNITY.




        TO GET BACK TO THE POINT  -  RECOGNIZING





OUR INADEQUACIES AND  DESIRING TO  BE A GOOD  NEIGH-




BOR WE INVOLVED IN THE DESIGN OF  THE NEW PLANT




A POLLUTION CONSULTANT,  AN ECOLOGIST, A GEOLOGIST,




A MARINE BIOLOGIST AND AN OCEANOGRAPHER.   THE




RECOMMENDATIONS OF THESE EMINENT  EXPERTS  WERE




ACCEPTED, INCORPORATED IN THE DESIGN AND HAVE





RESULTED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POLLUTION  CONTROL





FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT VALUED AT  ABOUT TWO




MILLION DOLLARS.

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                                                121
        MAYOR EMMETT  F. LOWRY







        THE PLANT AS  IT NOW  STANDS  CONSISTS  OF




TWO SEPARATE PRODUCTION AREAS, WHOSE  MAJOR WASTES




ARE QUITE DIFFERENT AND HANDLED  SEPARATELY.   THE




FIRST, THE ACETYLENE  CHEMICALS PLANT,  STARTED





LIMITED OPERATIONS EARLY THIS YEAR.   THERE  IS NO




MEASURABLE AIR POLLUTION FROM THIS  PLANT.  THERE




IS NO OPEN DUMP BURNING; AS  A MATTER  OF  FACT




WASTES ARE NOT BURNED AT ALL.  PARTICULATE MATTER




IS TRAPPED IN BAG HOUSES AND OTHER  MATERIALS




ESCAPING TO THE ATMOSPHERE ARE INSIGNIFICANT





BECAUSE OF THE LAVISH USE OF TRAPS, SCRUBBERS





AND OTHER EQUIPMENT DESIGNED TO  PREVENT  SUCH A




NUISANCE.  THE SANITARY WASTE IS  TREATED IN  A




COMMERCIAL AEROBIC DIGESTER, CHLORINATED, AND




TAKEN, ALONG WITH TREATED BOILER  AND  COOLING




TOWER EFFLUENT, INTO A HOLDING BASIN  WITH A




THREE DAY CAPACITY.  THIS POND IS EQUIPPED WITH




OIL SKIMMING AND REMOVING FACILITIES  WHICH THUS




FAR HAVE NOT BEEN NEEDED.  APPORTION  OF  THE




EFFLUENT FROM THIS POND IS PUMPED THROUGH A




MONITOR AQUARIUM, WHICH IS LOCATED  IN  A  CONTROL





ROOM AND KEPT UNDER CLOSE OBSERVATION.   THIS

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                                                122
        MAYOR  EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







EQUIPMENT  IS ALSO OF  MARGINAL  VALUE  BECAUSE THE




THREE DAY  POND SUPPORTS  A  SIZEABLE  FISH POPULA-




TION.  THE POND OVERFLOWS  TO MOSES  BAYOU.   SHOULD




OUR SAMPLES OR THE MONITOR AQUARIUM  SHOW A PROB-




LEM TO EXIST,  THE POND MAY BE  DAMMED AND THE




EFFLUENT PUMPED TO AN EMERGENCY  BASIN HAVING AN




EIGHT DAY  CAPACITY.   FROM  THIS BASIN IT CAN BE




ROUTED BACK THROUGH THE  TREATMENT  FACILITY AND




DISPOSED OF BY OTHER  MEANS OR  ALTERED UNTIL IT




MEETS SPECIFICATIONS.  ANOTHER PORTION OF  THE




WASTE IS HANDLED IN STILL  ANOTHER  FASHION.  THIS





IS AN AQUEOUS  STREAM  WHICH CONTAINS  ORGANIC




CHEMICALS  FROM THE VARIOUS PROCESSES.   THIS WAS




FOUND TO BE BIODEGRADABLE  BUT  THE  RESULTANT




MATERIAL CONTAINED AN UNIDENTIFIED SUBSTANCE




THAT WAS TOXIC TO FISH.  THEREFORE,  THE ORGANIC




WASTES FROM THE ENTIRE PLANT ARE NEUTRALIZED,




SETTLED, COAGULATED,  FILTERED  AND  INJECTED INTO





SALINE SANDS ABOUT 4000  FEET BELOW THE SURFACE.




THE REMAINING WASTES ARE MORE  OR LESS  THE  NORMAL




DEBRIS OF HUMANITY AND OFFICES AND ARE ACCUMULATED





WITHIN THE PLANT AND ARE HAULED OFF  BY COMMERCIAL

-------
                                                123
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







SCAVENGER.




        THE SECOND PRODUCTION  AREA,  THE  HERBICIDE




PLANT, IS NOW UNDER CONSTRUCTION  AND WILL BEGIN




OPERATIONS VERY SOON.  WHILE THERE  ARE SEVERAL





PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS WHICH COULD  BECOME AIR




POLLUTANTS, EACH SOURCE  IS  EQUIPPED WITH AN




EFFICIENT SCRUBBING SYSTEM.  IN  SOME CASES THESE




BECOME SALABLE CHEMICALS.   IN  OTHERS THEY BECOME




PART OF A PROBLEM OF  SUCH MAGNITUDE THAT NO CON-




SIDERATION COULD BE GIVEN TO LOCAL  DISPOSAL.




THESE WASTES ARE TO BE PONDED  IN  LINED BASINS,





NEUTRALIZED, CONCENTRATED WITH SUBMERGED BURNERS




AND THEN PUMPED TO BARGES WHICH  CARRY THEM 100




MILES TO SEA BEYOND THE  CONTINENTAL SHELF FOR




DISCHARGE.  GAF IS NOW BUILDING  A BARGE  DOCK




AND TURNING BASIN IN  MOSES  LAKE  AND DREDGING  A




CHANNEL ACROSS MOSES  LAKE TO DICKINSON CHANNEL




IN ORDER TO ACCOMMODATE  THE WASTE BARGES.




DRUMMED RESIDUES WILL BE DISPOSED OF BY  THE SAME





METHOD.




        PARTS OR ALL  OF  GAF'S  POLLUTION  CONTROL





PROGRAM HAVE BEEN REVIEWED  AND APPROVED  BY MOST

-------
                                                124
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES NOW  CONCERNED  WITH




POLLUTION.  THESE INCLUDE THE TEXAS  WATER QUAL-




ITY BOARD, THE TEXAS PARKS AND  WILDLIFE DEPART-




MENT, THE TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT  BOARD,  THE





CORPS OF ENGINEERS, THE BUREAU  OF  SPORT FISHERIES




AND WILDLIFE, AND THE FEDERAL WATER  POLLUTION





CONTROL ADMINISTRATION.




        WE AT THE TEXAS CITY PLANT HAVE BEEN




CHARGED BY OUR CORPORATE STAFF  TO  ACCEPT  NO PRO-





CESS WHICH DOES NOT CONTAIN ADEQUATE  PROVISION




FOR WASTE DISPOSAL.  I, PERSONALLY,  FEEL  THAT




THUS FAR WE HAVE DONE WELL AND  THAT  GAF IS WILL-




ING TO BACK UP ITS INTENT WITH  DOLLARS.   NEXT




YEAR, WITH THE ADDITION OF NO NEW  EQUIPMENT, OUR




WASTE DISPOSAL BILL WILL APPROACH  ONE  HALF MILLION




DOLLARS.  SINCE WE IN TEXAS CITY EXPECT THIS PLANT




TO EVENTUALLY BE THE LARGEST CHEMICAL  COMPLEX  IN




THE CORPORATION, THERE IS NO REASON  TO EXPECT




THE EXPENDITURE TO DECREASE OR  THAT  THE COMPANY





WILL FAIL TO MEET ITS OBLIGATIONS.




        STATUS REPORT OF AIR CONTROL  DIVISION,




GALVESTON COUNTY-MAINLAND CITIES HEALTH DEPART-

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                                                125
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







MENT, PRESENTED BY JOHN F. CONLON,  PROGRAM  CHIEF,





AT HEARING OF COMMITTEE FOR STUDY OF  LAND USE




AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, HELD  IN  TEXAS CITY,




TEXAS ON SEPTEMBER 6,  1968; AIR  QUALITY MONITOR-




ING PROGRAM SUPPORTED  BY GALVESTON  COUNTY FUNDS




AND FEDERAL GRANT NO.  68A-4706RD, U.  S. PUBLIC




HEALTH SERVICE:




        POLLUTION CAN  BE DEFINED AS RESOURCES




THAT ARE OUT OF PLACE  WITH RESPECT  TO MAN'S




COMFORT AND ENJOYMENT  OF LIFE.   TWENTY-FIVE YEARS




AGO THE RESIDENTS OF GALVESTON COUNTY, LIKE PEO-





PLE IN OTHER AREAS, WERE BEGINNING  TO BECOME




AWARE OF THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF INDUSTRY.  BLISS-





FULLY IGNORING THEIR OWN CONTRIBUTIONS AND  RESPON-




SIBILITIES IN THE SITUATION, THE PEOPLE BEGAN TO




VOICE THEIR COMPLAINTS.  THESE WERE USUALLY




AIMED AT THE INDUSTRIAL PLANTS GROUPED IN A ZONE




ALONG THE SOUTHERN FRINGES OF TEXAS CITY.   THIS




INDUSTRIAL AREA OF TEXAS CITY IS THE  MAJOR  CON-




CENTRATION OF PRODUCTION ACTIVITY IN  THE COUNTY





THAT PRODUCES CONSIDERABLE QUANTITIES  OF EMIS-




SIONS AND EFFLUENTS OF CONTAMINANTS.   ITS PHYSI-

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                                                126
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







CAL PROMINENCE MAKES IT A CONVENIENT  TARGET  FOR




CRITICISM.  ABOUT 1947, A FLURRY OF COMPLAINTS




RESULTED  IN THE FORMATION OF THE TEXAS  CITY  AIR




POLLUTION COMMITTEE.   INCLUDED WAS A  TECHNICAL




SUB-COMMITTEE COMPOSED OF SCIENCE-TRAINED  PER-





SONNEL REPRESENTING EACH OF THE VARIOUS  INDUS-




TRIAL PLANTS.  THIS GROUP PROCESSED COMPLAINTS




FROM THE  CITIZENS AND WAS GENERALLY ABLE TO  IN-




DUCE REMEDIAL ACTION.  PLANT MANAGEMENT  WERE





ALERTED TO ADVERSE REACTIONS IN THE COMMUNITY




RESULTING FROM SPILLS, PROCESS UPSETS AND  CARE-




LESS CONTROLS.  DISAGREEABLE ODORS RANKED  HIGH





ON THE LIST OF COMPLAINTS.




        THE CONTINUED EXPANSION OF INDUSTRY  AND




THE GROWTH IN POPULATION MAGNIFIED THE  PUBLIC'S




ATTENTION TO POLLUTION.  THIS CONCERN WAS  RELAYED




TO OUR LEGISLATORS AND RESULTED IN PROPOSALS




FOR NEW LAWS TO MORE EFFECTIVELY CORRECT THE





PROBLEM.  IN 1965, THE CLEAN AIR ACT  OF  TEXAS




CREATED THE TEXAS AIR CONTROL BOARD TO  SAFEGUARD




THE AIR RESOURCES OF THE STATE FROM MISUSE OR




POLLUTION.  THIS ENTAILED THE FORMULATION  AND

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                                                127
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







ADOPTION OF RULES AND REGULATIONS,  AND THE




ESTABLISHMENT OF QUANTITATIVE  LIMITS  FOR ALLOW-




ABLE LEVELS OF POLLUTANTS  IN THE  ATMOSPHERE OVER




TEXAS.  INVITATIONS BY  THE  BOARD  TO INDUSTRIAL




PEOPLE FOR COMMENTS ON  A PROPOSED REGULATION FOR





SMOKE AND PARTICULATE  MATTER EMPHASIZED THE FACT





THAT THERE WAS A PAUCITY OF DATA  AND  INFORMATION




ABOUT THE QUALITY OF  THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE TEXAS




CITY AREA.  IN ADDITION, BOTH  THE WATER POLLU-




TION CONTROL BOARD AND  THE  AIR CONTROL BOARD




EXPRESSED A DESIRE, EVEN A  NEED,  FOR  A SINGLE




SPOKESMAN FOR A COMMUNITY GROUP OF  INDUSTRIES




SO AS TO MAKE EFFICIENT  USE OF THE  THEN LIMITED




TECHNICAL STAFF AVAILABLE TO THE  RESPECTIVE




BOARDS.  THIS REQUEST  RESULTED IN FORMATION OF




THE TEXAS CITY CHAMBER  OF COMMERCE  AIR AND WATER




CONSERVATION COMMITTEE.  THE PLANT  MANAGERS COM-




PRISE THE PRIMARY POLICY-MAKING COMMITTEE AND




ARE BACKED UP BY TECHNICAL  REPRESENTATIVES FROM





EACH OF THE INDUSTRIAL  PLANTS.  THEY  ARE GROUPED




INTO A TECHNICAL COMMITTEE  ON  AIR CONSERVATION




AND ANOTHER ON WATER  CONSERVATION.

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                                                128
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







        TWO YEARS AGO THE STATE HEALTH  DEPARTMENT




INITIATED 30-DAY SURVEYS OF AIR QUALITY  IN  TEXAS





CITIES HAVING MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY.  THIS




PROGRAM WAS BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION  OF  THE TEXAS




CITY AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION COMMITTEE WHO





APPROVED A REQUEST FOR SUCH A SURVEY  IN  TEXAS




CITY.  THE FORMAL REQUEST WAS MADE  VIA  MR.  GUY





WILKINSON, CHIEF SANITARIAN OF THE  GALVESTON




COUNTY-MAINLAND CITIES HEALTH DEPARTMENT.   THE




SURVEY TOOK PLACE IN FEBRUARY AND MARCH  OF  1957.




INDUSTRY PROVIDED DATA AND ESTIMATES  OF  ALL KNOWN





EMISSIONS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE.  THEY  ALSO MADE




CASH CONTRIBUTIONS TO SUPPORT TWO LOCAL  TECHNI-




CIANS WHO ASSISTED THE STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT




EMPLOYEES.




        DATA OBTAINED IN THE SURVEY INDICATED




THAT THE AMOUNTS OF SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTERS




WERE GENERALLY CLOSE TO THE ALLOWABLE LIMITS.





THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF PROBLEMS RELATED  TO EMIS-




SIONS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE AND FLUORIDES.   REALIZ-




ING THAT THE DEGREE OF POLLUTION AT A GIVEN POINT





IN TIME IS HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON WEATHER  CONDITIONS,

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                                                129
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







THE INDUSTRIAL REPRESENTATIVES EXPRESSED A DESIRE




FOR SOME FORM OF CONTINUATION OF THE SURVEY.




THIS WOULD EVALUATE THE SEASONAL CHANGES IN WEA-




THER.  ESTIMATES OF THE REQUIRED PERSONNEL AND




INSTRUMENTS FOR SUCH A YEAR-ROUND PROGRAM DEFINED





THE MONEY REQUIREMENTS.




        MR. WILKINSON CANVASSED LOCAL MUNICIPALI-




TIES FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO SUCH A PROGRAM BUT




FOUND THAT THEY HAD OTHER MORE DEMANDING FINANCIAL




NEEDS.  FINALLY, THE COMMISSIONERS' COURT OF




GALVESTON COUNTY BUDGETED $11,000 IN CASH AND





$10,900 IN SERVICES IN KIND.  AN APPLICATION




FOR A FEDERAL GRANT OF MATCHING FUNDS WAS MADE




THROUGH THE U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.  THE




APPROVAL OF THIS REQUEST MADE AVAILABLE $65,702




WHICH RESULTED IN A TOTAL BUDGET OF $87,602 FOR




THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN AIR QUALITY MONITORING




PROGRAM IN GALVESTON COUNTY.




        THE AIR CONTROL DIVISION BECAME AN OFFI-





CIAL ACTIVITY OF THE GALVESTON COUNTY-MAINLAND




CITIES HEALTH DEPARTMENT ON APRIL 1, 1968.   THE




TWO MEN WHO ASSISTED IN THE STATE'S 30-DAY SUR-

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                                                130
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







VEY BECAME INSPECTORS  IN THE PROGRAM AND  WERE




JOINED BY A SECRETARY.  THE PROGRAM CHIEF WAS




INITIALLY AVAILABLE ON A LIMITED  PART-TIME  BASIS,




BUT AFTER RETIREMENT FROM INDUSTRY BECAME ACTIVE




AS A FULL TIME EMPLOYEE JUNE 1ST.  ONE  CANDIDATE





FOR ASSISTANT PROGRAM  CHIEF DROPPED OUT AFTER A




3 WEEKS TRIAL.  ON SEPTEMBER 1ST  WE ENLISTED




ANOTHER MAN FOR THIS POSITION.  HE IS A COLLEGE




GRADUATE WITH SCIENCE  BACKGROUND.





        AN OFFICE WAS  ESTABLISHED IN THE  GALVES-




TON COUNTY HEALTH CENTER IN LA MARQUE.  LABORATORY





FACILITIES HAVE BEEN INITIATED IN AN UNUSED





BUILDING IN TEXAS CITY.  THIS FORMER HEALTH




CLINIC AND FIRE STATION WAS MADE  AVAILABLE  BY




THE CITY OF TEXAS CITY.  MAYOR EMMETT LOWRY FOUND




WAYS TO REPAINT THE BUILDING AND  RESTORE  IT TO




GOOD OPERATING CONDITIONS.  THE RENOVATED BUILD-




ING AND SURROUNDINGS NOW STAND OUT AS AN  ATTRAC-




TIVE FACILITY IN THIS  PARTICULAR  NEIGHBORHOOD.





        ACTUAL MONITORING ACTIVITIES BEGAN WITH





THE PURCHASE AND INSTALLATION OF  TEN HIGH




VOLUME SAMPLERS.  THESE ARE LOCATED IN VARIOUS

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                                                131
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







SECTIONS OF LA MARQUE AND  TEXAS  CITY.   IN  GENER-




AL THIS LOCATION PATTERN ENCIRCLES  THE  INDUSTRIAL




AREA OF TEXAS CITY.  THE ARRAY REFLECTS  THE  PLAN




DEVELOPED BY THE STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT FOR




THEIR 30-DAY SURVEY.  SAMPLING AT THE  RATE OF




12 SAMPLES PER MONTH HAS PRODUCED OVER  450 FILTER




SAMPLES.  PRESENTLY ONLY THE WEIGHT OF  PARTICU-





LATE MATTER IS DETERMINED.  AN ORDER HAS BEEN




PLACED FOR EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT  TO  PERMIT  THE




DETERMINATION OF THE ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COM-




PONENTS OF THE FILTER DEPOSITS.  IN ADDITION TO




THIS EQUIPMENT FOR EVALUATION OF SUSPENDED PAR-




TI CULATE MATTER, INSTRUMENTS WILL BE PURCHASED




SO THAT THE FOLLOWING CONTAMINANTS  IN AIR  CAN BE




QUANTITATIVELY AND CONTINUOUSLY  MEASURED:




        (A)  SULFUR DIOXIDE




        (B)  HYDROGEN SULFIDE




        (C)  FLUORIDES





        (D)  HYDROCARBONS





        (E)  CARBON MONOXIDE





        CF)  OXIDES OF NITROGEN




        (G)  OZONE AND OXIDANTS

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                                                132
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







        ANOTHER  PHASE  OF THE  PROGRAM IS  THE




FORMULATION OF A  DESIGN  FOR A  VAN-TYPE  MOBILE




LABORATORY.  THIS WILL PROVIDE A HOUSING FOR





SOME OF THESE INSTRUMENTS.  THE MOBILE  UNIT WILL




PERMIT US TO TRAVEL TO ANY POINT IN  GALVESTON




COUNTY FOR ON-THE-SPOT MEASUREMENTS  OF  AN AIR




POLLUTION INCIDENT.   IT  WILL ALSO ALLOW  THE





ANALYST AND HIS  INSTRUMENTS TO FOLLOW THE PLUME




OF EMISSIONS FROM A KNOWN OR SUSPECTED  SOURCE OF




POLLUTION.




        CURRENT ACTIVITIES OF  THE AIR CONTROL




DIVISION INCLUDE THE  INVESTIGATION OF COMPLAINTS





REGISTERED BY CITIZENS AND BRINGING  THESE TO THE





ATTENTION OF PLANT MANAGEMENT.   ANOTHER  USE OF




OUR FACILITIES IS THE  COLLECTION OF  PARTICULATE




SAMPLES FOR THE STATE  HEALTH DEPARTMENT  IN THEIR




CURRENT RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY.   THIS IS CONCERNED




WITH THE REFUELING AND OVERHAUL OF THE NUCLEAR




SHIP SAVANNAH NOW TAKING PLACE AT THE TODD SHIP-




YARDS.




        WHILE OUR MONITORING ACTIVITIES  ARE




FOCUSED ON AIR POLLUTANTS WE DO KEEP ABREAST OF

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                                                133
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







ACTIVITIES  IN GALVESTON  COUNTY  THAT CONCERN




WATER POLLUTION AND SOLID  WASTES  DISPOSAL.




        MARATHON OIL  COMPANY, TEXAS REFINING




DIVISION, TEXAS CITY,  TEXAS;  PRESENTATION TO:




LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE  FOR  THE STUDY OF LAND USE





AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL,  PUBLIC HEARING,  S. E.




STAFFA, SEPTEMBER 6,  1968.




        MR. CHAIRMAN,  MEMBERS OF  THE LEGISLATIVE




COMMITTEE AND GUESTS:





        MARATHON OIL  COMPANY, AS  A MEMBER OF THE




LOCAL INDUSTRIAL COMMUNITY,  EXTENDS GREETINGS




TO YOU AND OUR APPRECIATION  FOR THE OPPORTUNITY




TO SPEAK BEFORE THIS  COMMITTEE.   VISITORS TO OUR




COMMUNITY AND LOCAL RESIDENTS CANNOT FAIL TO




RECOGNIZE THE DYNAMIC  INDUSTRIAL  GROWTH IN  OUR




AREA, WHICH HAS LED TO A GROWTH IN THE THREE P'S




THAT CONTRIBUTE MOST  TO  THE  CAUSES OF POLLUTION--




NAMELY, POPULATION, PROSPERITY AND PRODUCTIVITY.




        OUR PURPOSE HERE TODAY  IS TO CONVEY TO




YOU WHAT MARATHON OIL  HAS  DONE, IS NOW DOING AND




PLANS TO DO TO HELP ALLEVIATE POLLUTION.




        THE TEXAS AIR  CONTROL BOARD REGULATIONS

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                                                134
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY








FOR THE CONTROL OF AIR  POLLUTION  WERE  PUT INTO





EFFECT ON JANUARY 3,  1968.   MARATHON,  ALONG WITH





MANY OTHERS  IN INDUSTRY, HAD REPRESENTATIVES IN





ATTENDANCE AT THE PUBLIC HEARINGS  HELD DURING





THE FORMULATION OF THE  AIR  CONTROL BOARD REGULA-





TIONS AND AS THE REGULATIONS WERE  SUBMITTED WE





WOULD CHECK  OUR POSITION WITH  RESPECT  TO THE





PROPOSED REGULATION AND DETERMINE  OUR  COMPLIANCE.





WE PURCHASED PORTABLE AMBIENT  TESTING  EQUIPMENT





FOR MAKING IN-PLANT AND BOUNDARY  SURVEYS OF THE





AMBIENT POLLUTANTS, SULFUR  DIOXIDE,  HYDROGEN





SULFIDE AND  PARTICULATE HATTER.   IN  MAKING SUR-





VEYS OF THIS TYPE, WE SAMPLED  THE  AIR  UNDER WIND





CONDITIONS WHICH POSED  THE  WORSE  CONCENTRATION





CONDITIONS FOR ANY AMBIENT  EFFLUENT  FROM OUR





PLANT.  OUR  PARTICULATE MATTER LOSSES  CAME FROM





A FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING  UNIT.   TrlE  INVENTORY





CHANGE AND CATALYST LOSSES  ON  THIS UNIT ARE





CALCULATED WEEKLY AND THESE RESULTS  COMPARED TO





A CALCULATED ALLOWABLE  EMISSION RATE.   ANY EXCES-





SIVE LOSSES  WHICH MIGHT OCCUR  AT  ANYTIME,  DAY





OR NIGHT, WOULD BE DISCOVERED  BY  A CHANGE IN THE

-------
                                                135
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY








LEVEL OF THE CATALYST  WITHIN  THE  UNIT,  SINCE





THIS CATALYST LEVEL  IS MONITORED  CONTINUOUSLY





BY LEVEL RECORDERS IN  THE  PROCESS UNIT  CONTROL





ROOM.  FROM THE RESULTS  OF OUR  AMBIENT  AIR TEST-





ING AND OTHER CONTROLS WE  HAVE  OVER OUR EFFLU-





ENTS, WE FEEL WE ARE  IN  COMPLIANCE WITH THE





TEXAS AIR CONTROL BOARD  REGULATIONS;  HOWEVER, WE





FEEL THAT AMBIENT TESTING  AND OTHER CONTROLS TO





MONITOR PLANT EFFLUENT LEVELS MUST BE DONE AT





REGULAR INTERVALS AND  UNDER THE WORSE WIND CONDI-





TIONS TO ASSURE COMPLIANCE AND  TO DISCOVER ANY





CHANGES IN THE EFFLUENT  MAKE-UP.   MARATHON OIL





COMPANY'S EFFORTS IN  POLLUTION  CONTROL  AND ABATE-





MENT IN THE YEARS PRIOR  TO 1967 WERE  PRESENTED





BY MR. P. R. CORONADO, DIVISION MANAGER,  TEXAS





REFINING DIVISION, BEFORE  THE TEXAS CITY  CHAMBER





OF COMMERCE, AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION COMMITTEE





FACT FINDING FORUM, MAY  8,  1967.   A SUMMARY OF





MR. CORONADO'S REMARKS IS  PRESENTED HERE  BECAUSE





OF THEIR PERTINENCE TO THIS MEETING:





        "AS OUR RECORD PROVES,  MARATHON OIL





COMPANY IS INTIMATELY  CONCERNED WITH  THE  QUALITY

-------
                                                136
        MAYOR  EMMETT  F.  LOWRY








OF AIR AND WATER  IN TEXAS  CITY  AND THROUGHOUT





ITS WORLDWIDE  OPERATIONS.   THIS HIGH PRIORITY





GIVEN TO CONSERVATION  IS PROMPTED BY A KEEN





AWARENESS OF THE  COMPANY'S  RESPONSIBILITY TO THE





PUBLIC WELFARE, AS WELL  AS  A REGARD FOR PRACTICAL





ECONOMICS.





        ON THE CORPORATE LEVEL, THE COMPANY HAS





AN ACTIVE AIR  AND WATER  CONSERVATION COMMITTEE,





AND IN TEXAS CITY, A  POLLUTION  CONTROL OFFICER,





TO KEEP A CONSTANT WATCH OVER  ITS CONSERVATION





PROGRAMS AND TO RECOMMEND  ANY  NEEDED IMPROVEMENTS.





        SINCE  1962 WHEN  IT  ACQUIRED THE TEXAS





CITY REFINERY, MARATHON  HAS SPENT MORE THAN





$2-1/2 MILLION LOCALLY ON  FACILITIES,  PROCEDURES





AND MAINTENANCE WHICH  HELP  TO  REDUCE SOURCES OF





BOTH AIR AND WATER POLLUTION.   OF THE  TOTAL,





MORE THAN $1-1/2 MILLION HAS BEEN SPENT TO FIGHT





AIR POLLUTION, WHILE  OVER  $1 MILLION HAS BEEN





SPENT FOR WATER QUALITY  CONTROL.   THIS IS A





SIZABLE SUM OF MONEY  FOR WHAT  IS  A MEDIUM-SIZED





REFINERY BY OIL INDUSTRY STANDARDS.





        IN TERMS OF TANGIBLE RESULTS,  WE HAVE

-------
                                                137
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







BEEN SUCCESSFUL  IN  REDUCING  THE  OIL  CONTENT OF





OUR WASTE WATER  BY  97% WITHIN  JUST THE  PAST TWO




YEARS, WHILE SUSPENDED SOLIDS  IN THE WASTE  WATER




HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY  NEARLY  90%.  AS A  RESULT,




MARATHON IS MEETING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS SET





BY THE TEXAS WATER  POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, AND




IN SOME RESPECTS, IS  DOING EVEN  BETTER.




        WITH REGARD TO AIR POLLUTION, OUR NEW




CAT CRACKER HAS  REDUCED  THE  EMISSION OF  PARTICULATE




MATTER BY ABOUT  70% OVER THE PAST FOUR  YEARS.   THE




TOTAL EMISSION IS MUCH LOWER THAN THE ALLOWABLE





PROPOSED BY THE  TEXAS AIR POLLUTION  CONTROL




BOARD.  IN ADDITION,  WE HAVE REDUCED BY  17% THE




AMOUNT OF FLUE GAS  EMITTED FROM  THE  REFINERY'S




FURNACES.  LIKEWISE,  THE INSTALLATION OF FLOATING




ROOF STORAGE TANKS  HAS PRACTICALLY ELIMINATED




THE EVAPORATION  OF  VOLATILE  MATERIALS FROM  THESE




TANKS.  OTHER NEW FACILITIES HAVE ALSO  HAD  AiJ





IMPORTANT BENEFICIAL  EFFECT  IN REDUCING  AIR AND




WATER POLLUTION.




        WHILE WE BELIEVE THESE RESULTS  ARE  GOOD,




WE PLAN TO CONTINUE MAKING FURTHER REFINEMENTS.

-------
                                                138
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







IN 1967 ALONE, WE CONTEMPLATE  THE  EXPENDITURE OF




ABOUT A HALF MILLION  DOLLARS ON  OUR CONSERVATION




FACILITIES AT TEXAS CITY.




        WE FEEL THE TEXAS  CITY REFINERY  HAS  MADE




A VERY REAL CONTRIBUTION TO REDUCING AIR AND




WATER POLLUTION AND THAT,  ON THE WHOLE,  MARATHON




CAN BE CONSIDERED AN  INDUSTRIAL  CITIZEN  IN GOOD




STANDING.  WE PLEDGE  OUR CONTINUED INTEREST  AND




SUPPORT TO- THE CAUSE  OF  AIR AND  WATER CONSERVA-





TION IN TEXAS CITY.




        WE REQUEST ONLY  THAT ANY FUTURE  REGULA-




TORY ACTIONS BE BASED ON SOUND,  SCIENTIFIC CRI-




TERIA, WITH DUE REGARD NOT ONLY  FOR THE  LONG-





RANGE WELFARE OF OUR  PRIVATE CITIZENS BUT OUR




INDUSTRIAL CITIZENS AS WELL.11




        INDUSTRIAL EXPENDITURES  FOR POLLUTION




ABATEMENT AS A FRACTION  OF CAPITAL INVESTMENTS,




HAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE PAST  FEW  YEARS





THE OIL COMPANIES IN  THE UNITED  STATES WILL




SPEND $382 MILLION THIS  YEAR ON  WATER AND AIR




POLLUTION CONTROL.  OF THIS AMOUNT $223  MILLION




WILL GO TO PREVENT WATER POLLUTION AND $159

-------
                                                139
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







MILLION IS FOR PREVENTING AIR  POLLUTION.   THIS




REPRESENTS A 7% INCREASE IN EXPENDITURE  OVER




1967 AND A 40% INCREASE OVER  1966.




        EXPENDITURES FOR MANDATORY  EFFLUENT




CLEANUP COME UNDER TWO BROAD  CATEGORIES,  THOSE





WITH ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION AND  THOSE  WITHOUT




ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION.  EFFLUENT CLEANUP,  BY




ITS NATURE, DEMANDS REMOVAL OF RELATIVELY  SMALL




AMOUNTS OF WHAT IS DEEMED A HARMFUL COMPOUND




FROM A BODY OF LESS OFFENSIVE  MATERIAL,  NORMALLY




AIR OR WATER.  THE NATURE OF  COMPETITIVE  BUSI-





NESS REWARDS THE MORE EFFICIENT  OPERATOR  AND





WILL ELIMINATE THE LESS EFFICIENT OPERATOR.




THIS EFFICIENCY IS NORMALLY RELATED TO THE  CON-




VERSION TO AND RECOVERY OF ONE OR MORE SALABLE




PRODUCTS TO THE EXCLUSION OF  ONE OR MORE  UNDESIR-




ABLE BY-PRODUCTS.  A BY-PRODUCT  THAT IS  UNDESIR-




ABLE IS NOT NECESSARILY UNECONOMIC  NOR IS  A dY-




PRODUCT WHICH IS UNDESIRABLE  TO  ONE INDUSTRY




NECESSARILY UNDESIRABLE TO ANOTHER  AND AS  A CON-




SEQUENCE, A MULTITUDE OF POLLUTION  PROBLEMS ARE





CIRCUMVENTED BY AN ECONOMIC EXCHANGE OF  UNPRO-

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







CESSED BY-PRODUCTS  BETWEEN  DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES.




TO THIS POINT, ECONOMICS  AND OUR COMPETITIVE




BUSINESS SYSTEM HAVE  TAKEN  CARE  OF MOST OF OUR




POLLUTION PROBLEMS.   TWO  THINGS  ARE NECESSARY TO




COMPLETE OUR POLLUTION CONTROL;  ONE IS  THE SCIEN-




TIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND STUFY OF THE VARIOUS MEANS




FOR ECONOMICALLY REMOVING SMALL  QUANTITIES OF





BY-PRODUCTS FROM OUR  EFFLUENT  AND DISPOSING OF





THEM, AND THE OTHER IS FINDING A CATALYST FOR




CREATING ACTION BY  INDUSTRY ON THESE PROBLEMS.




        YOU MEN, AS DULY  ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES





OF US AS INDIVIDUALS, ARE THE  CATALYST  IN THE




FINAL SOLUTION TO THIS PROBLEM.   YOUR ACTIONS AND




THE ACTIONS OF THOSE  TO WHOM YOU DELEGATE THE




AUTHORITY TO HELP WRITE OUR POLLUTION CONTROL




LAWS REFLECT YOUR UNDERSTANDING  OF THE  COMPLEXI-




TIES OF THIS PROBLEM.  POLLUTION CONTROL'S FIRST




OBJECTIVE IS THE PROTECTION OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC




AND THE PRESERVATION  OF NATURAL  RESOURCES.  ANY




LAWS PROMULGATING ONLY THE HUE AND CRY  WITHOUT




REGARD TO SCIENTIFIC  STUFY AND SUBSTANTIATED





FACTS, ARE AN INJUSTICE TO BOTH  THE INDUSTRIAL

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







COMMUNITY AND THE PUBLIC.





        OUR  INDUSTRY,  THROUGH  THE  CATALYST OF




SOUND LEGISLATIVE ACTION AND THE ENACTMENT OF





POLLUTION CONTROL LAWS BASED ON SOUND SCIENTIFIC




STUDY, WILL  COMPLY WITH  AND EVEN SURPASS  THESE





REGULATIONS.




        WE,  AT MARATHON  OIL COMPANY,  FEEL WE




HAVE THE RESPONSIBILITY  TO FULFILL THE FOLLOWING





THREE COMMITMENTS AS  MEMBERS OF THIS  COMMUNITY:




        1.   POLICE OUR OWN POLLUTION  PROBLEMS




TO THE EXTENT THAT WE  ARE SURE OF  OUR COMPLIANCE





TO THE POLLUTION CONTROL LAWS.




        2.   MAKE OURSELVES AWARE OF NEW TECH-





NOLOGY AND PROCESSING  METHODS  FOR  TREATING RE-




FINERY WASTES AND DEVELOP, WHERE NECESSARY,  WASTE




HANDLING METHODS THROUGH RESEARCH  AND DEVELOPMENT




THAT MAY OR  MAY NOT BE SINGULARLY  APPLICABLE  TO





OUR PROBLEMS.




        3.   WORK CLOSELY WITH  LOCAL AND STATE




AUTHORITIES  WHEN NEW  REGULATIONS ARE  PROPOSED




AND/OR REGULATION REVISIONS ARE NEEDED.   ALSO,




TO WORK FOR  FREER EXCHANGE OF  DATA AND/OR IDEAS

-------
                                                142
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







WITH OUR INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORS  CONCERNING  MUTUAL




POLLUTION CONTROL PROBLEMS AND THEIR  SOLUTION.




        REPORT OF MONSANTO COMPANY  TO LEGISLA-




TIVE COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF LAND  USE  AND




ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL - SEPTEMBER 6,  1968:




        I WOULD LIKE TO INTRODUCE MONSANTO  COM-




PANY'S PORTION OF THE PROGRAM  BY TELLING  YOU A




LITTLE BIT ABOUT OUR PLANT.  IT IS  LOCATED  IN





THE SOUTHERN EDGE OF TEXAS CITY WITH  THE  BAY ON




THE EAST SIDE AND SHIP DOCKS AND TEXAS  CITY TER-




MINAL RAILWAY YARDS ON THE SOUTH.   RESIDENTIAL





AREAS ARE IMMEDIATELY NORTH OF THE  PLANT  AND




SIXTH STREET BORDERS THE WEST  SIDE.




        WE LOCATED HERE IN 19^2 TO  MANUFACTURE




STYRENE MONOMER FOR THE GOVERNMENT  RUBBER PROGRAM




DURING WORLD WAR II AND HAVE ADDED  MAJOR  EXPAN-




SIONS IN 1952, 195*t AND 1962.   OUR  PRESENT  PROP-




ERTY COVERS 280 ACRES WITH 80  ACRES NORTH OF




TOWN DEVOTED TO WASTE DISPOSAL AND  ABOUT  200





ACRES AT THE PLANT SITE PROPER.




        WE ARE PRIMARILY A PETROCHEMICALS BASE




PLANT PRODUCING MONOMERS FOR OTHER  MONSANTO

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT F.  LOWRY







PLANTS TO PROCESS  INTO POLYMERS.   WE  PRODUCE




NINE FINISHED PRODUCTS AND MANY  INTERMEDIATES




AND BY-PRODUCTS.  WE EMPLOY APPROXIMATELY  1775




PEOPLE INCLUDING RESEARCH AND PROCESS  TECHNOLOGY




GROUPS.





        MONSANTO HAS ALWAYS HAD, AND  MAINTAINED,




A POLICY BOTH LOCALLY AND CORPORATELY  CONCERNING




POLLUTION CONTROL.  POLLUTION CONTROL  FOR  EACH




PLANT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE  PLANT MANAGER





WHO ORGANIZES AND DIRECTS THE EFFORT  AS  IS  NECES-




SARY.  OUR ORGANIZATION  AT TEXAS CITY  CONSISTS





OF THREE BASIC FUNCTIONS.




        THE FIRST FUNCTION BELONGS  TO  THE  OPERAT-




ING ARM OF THE ORGANIZATION.  THIS  GROUP IS Rc-




SPONSIBLE TO CONTROL OPERATIONS  TO  PREVENT  AIR




AND WATER POLLUTION TO THE BEST  OF  THEIR ABILITY




WITH THE EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE TO  THEM.  THE  SECOND




FUNCTION BELONGS TO THE  PLANT WASTE DISPOSAL




COMMITTEE CONSISTING OF  A REPRESENTATIVE FROM





PRODUCTION SERVICES WHO  CHAIRS THE  COMMITTEE





AND MAINTAINS CONTACT WITH ALL STATE  AND LOCAL





LEGISLATION PLUS CONTRACTS FOR OUTSIDE WASTE

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT F.  LOWRY







DISPOSAL.  HE ALSO DEFINES  PROBLEMS  AND  INITIATES




ACTION THROUGH THE OTHER COMMITTEE MEMBERS  TO




GET THINGS DONE IN THE PLANT.  THE OTHER COMMIT-




TEE MEMBERS ARE MANUFACTURING AND PROCESS TECH-




NOLOGY PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN ASSIGNED POLLUTION




CONTROL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THEIk INDIVIDUAL





DEPARTMENTS.




        THE THIRD FUNCTION  OF DEVELOPING NEW OR




IMPROVED WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS  BELONGS  TO  THE





PROCESS TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT.   WE HAVE  SEVERAL




PEOPLE ASSIGNED TO THIS TASK AND ONE OF  THEM HAS





RECENTLY BEEN RECOGNIZED BY A NATIONAL AWARD FOR





HIS WORK IN THIS FIELD.




        BECAUSE OF OUR VULNERABLE LOCATION  WITH




REFERENCE TO THE BAY AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS, WE




HAVE BEEN VERY AWARE OF POLLUTION PROBLEMS  AND




THE NEED TO CONTROL BOTH AIR AND WATER POLLUTION.




I  WOULD LIKE TO CITE YOU A  FEW EXAMPLES  OF  WHAT





WE HAVE DONE.




        1.   WE HAVE A WASTE DISPOSAL UNIT CON-




SISTING OF CHLORINATORS, SEPARATORS,  AND AN





INCINERATOR TO BURN AS MANY OF OUR WASTE STREAMS

-------
I
145
                          MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







                  AS  WE CAN PROCESS IN THIS MANNER.




                          2.   WE HAVE ORGANIC TRAPS IN ALL OPERAT-




                  ING DEPARTMENTS AND OTHER STRATEGIC LOCATIONS




                  TO  PREVENT  SPILLS TO THE BAY.





                          3.   WE HAVE INSTALLED WASTE GAS RECOVERY





                  SYSTEMS  TO  BE BURNED IN THE BOILERS, THE INCINERA-




                  TOR,  OR  FLARE STACKS.





                          4.   WE HAVE INSTALLED SMOKELESS FLARE




                  TIPS  ON  ALL FLARES TO MINIMIZE OR PREVENT SMOKE.




                          5.   WE HAVE INSTALLED VENT SCRUBBERS




                  WHERE OTHER METHODS WERE NOT FEASIBLE.




                          6.   WE HAVE SAMPLE CHARTS THROUGHOUT THE




                  PLANT TO DETECT OVER-SPRAY.




                          7.   WE HAVE ROUTINE SAMPLING OF VARIOUS




                  WATER STREAMS TO DETECT AND STOP ORGANIC LEAKAGE




                  IF  IT OCCURS.




                          8.   WE HAVE HIRED CONSULTANTS TO ADVISE




                  US  ON POLLUTION DEFINITION AND ELIMINATION AND





                  TO  CONDUCT  SURVEYS ON OUR PERFORMANCE.





                          9.   IN NOISE REDUCTION, WE MUFFLE USING





                  THE BEST TECHNOLOGY AVAILABLE.  WE CONDUCT YEARLY




                  SOUND INSPECTIONS WITH OUR OWN EXPERTS PLUS OUT-

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







SIDE CONSULTANTS AND REQUIRE EAR  PROTECTION




WHERE NECESSARY, PLUS ANNUAL HEARING  TESTS  FOR




ALL EMPLOYEES.





        IN SUMMARY WE HAVE  INVESTED OVER  $2.0 M




IN CAPITAL AND HAVE ANNUAL  EXPENSES OF  $700  M/YR




IN OUR WASTE DISPOSAL EFFORTS.




        BUT WE FIND OURSELVES  IN  MUCH THE SAME




SITUATION AS MANY OTHER COMPANIES.  WHAT  WE  ARE




DOING STILL ISN'T GOOD ENOUGH, SO WE  MUST TRY




HARDER. ALTHOUGH OUR WATER  OUTFALLS ARE IN  GOOD




SHAPE MOST OF THE TIME, WE  DO  RUN BORDERLINE TO




THE NEW WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS ON BOD AND




COD.  WE PRESENTLY HAVE NEW WATER TREATING  FACIL-





ITIES IN THE ENGINEERING STAGE TO GIVE  US A  MORE




COMFORTABLE EDGE IN THE FUTURE.




        WE STILL HAVE PLASTIC  FALL-OUT  FROM  OUR




POLYETHYLENE PLANT.  ALTHOUGH  THIS MATERIAL  IS




NON-TOXIC AND EASILY REMOVED WITHOUT  DAMAGE, IT





IS A NUISANCE.  EFFORTS TO  ELIMINATE  THIS PROB-




LEM HAVE FAILED TO DATE BECAUSE OF OTHER  PROCESS





AND SAFETY FACTORS INVOLVED.




        SMOG PROBLEMS INTERMITTENTLY  OCCUR,  BUT

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







IMPROVEMENTS IN THE NEAR FUTURE WILL  ELIMINATE




THIS.  OTHER AIR POLLUTION SOURCES ARE WELL




UNDER CONTROL.




        ONE OF OUR WASTE STREAMS  IS PRESENTLY




STORED ON OUR PROPERTY NORTH OF TOWN.  WE WILL




RUN OUT OF SPACE THERE AND WILL Bt FORCED TO SEEK




NEW LAND UNLESS A NEW PROCESS IS  DEVELOPED.  WE




ARE WORKING ON THIS VIGOROUSLY.





        IN SUMMARY, WE BELIEVE IN EFFORTS NECES-




SARY TO MAINTAIN OUR ENVIRONMENT  HEALTHY AND PLEA-




SANT, AND WE PLEDGE TO DO OUR PART IN THIS PROGRAM.





        R. V. BUTZ.




        REMARKS DELIVERED TO THE  LEGISLATIVE




COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF LAND USE AND ENVIRON-




MENTAL CONTROL AT TEXAS CITY ON SEPTEMBER 6, 1968.




BY W. C.  CHAMBERLAIN.




        MR. CHAIRMAN AND MEMBERS  OF THE COMMITTEE:




        IN AN EFFORT TO OFFER SOME CONSTRUCTIVE





INFORMATION TO THIS COMMITTEE, WE WOULD LIKE TO




TELL YOU SOMETHING ABOUT OURSELVES AND OUR




PHILOSOPHIES, SOMETHING ABOUT OUR PROBLEMS AND





CONCERNS IN THE AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION AREA

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







AND PERHAPS A FEW SUGGESTIONS FOR THE  FUTURE.




        TEXAS CITY REFINING,  INC.,  IS  A MEDIUM




SIZE INDEPENDENT REFINER OF CRUDE OIL  ENGAGED  IN





THE PRODUCTION OF FUELS AND HEATING OILS.  OUR




PRESENT ORGANIZATION DATES FROM  1951,  WITH APPROXI




MATELY 12 EMPLOYEES TO TODAY'S EMPLOYMENT OF 303





PEOPLE.  WE HAVE ALWAYS EMPHASIZED THAT ONE OF




OUR MAIN OBJECTIVES IS TO BE A RESPONSIBLE CITI-




ZEN OF THE COMMUNITY AND TO BE A GOOD  NEIGHBOR.




        OUR PHILOSOPHY HAS LED US FROM THE EARLI-




EST DAYS TO BE ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS  IN  COMMUNITY




PROJECTS RELATED TO AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION.





WE HAVE ACTIVELY PARTICIPATED IN THE MAYOR'S




COMMITTEE ON AIR POLLUTION SINCE ITS INCEPTION




IN 1954; THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE'S AIR AND WATER




CONSERVATION COMMITTEE CWHICH INCIDENTALLY ASKED




THE AIR CONTROL BOARD TO MAKE ONE OF THEIR EARLI-




EST SURVEYS IN OUR AREA) AND WE ARE CONTRIBUTORS





TO THE TEXAS AIR AND WATER RESOURCES FOUNDATION





FOR THEIR PART IN THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY.




        IN OUR EFFORTS TO STAY ABREAST OF TODAY'S




CONSERVATION PROBLEMS, WE ATTEND A MAJORITY OF

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







THE AIR CONTROL BOARD AND WATER QUALITY  BOARD




MEETINGS.  WE HAVE CONSULTED WITH THE  STAFFS OF




THESE ORGANIZATIONS AND ARE APPRECIATIVE  OF




THEIR ADVICE AND COUNSEL.  WE ALSO TAKE  PART IN




VARIOUS SEMINARS AND SYMPOSIUMS ON A STATE OR





NATIONAL BASIS DEALING WITH AIR AND WATER CONTROL.




        WE ARE SPEAKING AS THE LAST ONE  OF THE




THREE PETROLEUM REFINERS SCHEDULED FOR THE HEAR-




ING TODAY, BUT PLEASE BE ASSURED THAT  EACH INDUS-




TRY IN TEXAS CITY HAS A COMMON VIEW-POINT WHEN




IT COMES TO THE ABATEMENT OF AIR OR WATER POLLU-




TION.  RECENTLY, TEXAS CITY REFINING TOOK PART  IN




A NATIONWIDE STUDY CONDUCTED BY THE AMERICAN PETRO-




LEUM INSTITUTE TO DETERMINE THE EXPENDITURES BY




OIL COMPANIES TO HELP CLEAN UP THE NATION'S AIR




AND WATER.  THIS STUDY REVEALED THAT $271 MILLION




WAS SPENT IN 1966, $358 MILLION IN 1967,  AND




$382 MILLION SCHEDULED TO BE SPENT IN  1968.  THIS




TOTALS MORE THAN $1 BILLION FOR THE 1966-68





PERIOD WITH THE MAJOR PORTION, BETTER  THAN 55%,




GOING FOR CLEANING UP OR CONSERVING WATER.  THE




COMPANIES PARTICIPATING IN THIS STUDY, INCIDENTLY,

-------
                                                150
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







PROCESS 97% OF ALL  THE  CRUDE  OIL REFINED IN THE




UNITED STATES.





        THE OTHER INDUSTRIES  CAN OFFER COMPARABLE




FIGURES BUT THE POINT IS  THAT  ALL OF US ARE FULLY




COGNIZANT OF THE PROBLEM  AND HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO





MAKE FIGURES, SUCH  AS THOSE JUST QUOTED, A REALITY




AND NOT JUST SO MANY  PAPER STATISTICS.




        WE ARE IN AGREEMENT WITH THE INTENT OF




THE POLICY STATEMENT  ADOPTED BY  THE  AIR CONTROL




BOARD ON APRIL 18,  1968.  IN OUR EFFORT TO SHOW




THE GOOD FAITH THEY HAVE  REQUESTED,  WE  HAVE APPLIED




FOR A VARIANCE TO THEIR  REGULATION III  IN ORDER





TO INSURE OURSELVES THAT  WE ARE  NOT  POLLUTERS.




THIS VARIANCE HAS BEEN  GRANTED,




        SPEAKING FOR  A  SMALL ORGANIZATION WHERE




EMPLOYEES MUST BY NECESSITY WEAR MORE  THAN ONE




HAT,  THE PROBLEM OF GEARING UP FOR A PROPER




TESTING PROGRAM IS  A  LARGE ONE.   THIS  IS NOT





OFFERED AS AN EXCUSE, BUT AS A STATEMENT OF




REALITY FOR EXAMPLE,  DURING THE  FIRST  EIGHT MONTHS




OF THIS YEAR, WHILE WE WERE FACING OPERATING





PROBLEMS THAT HAVE  GREATLY REDUCED OUR  CAPACITY

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







TO PRODUCE GASOLINE, WE WERE STILL  ACTIVELY




DEVELOPING OUR MONITORING PROGRAM.




        WE FEEL THAT OUR PRIMARY  SOURCES  OF  CON-




CERN IN THE AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION  AREA  DO




NOT RELATE TO POLLUTION PER SE BUT  TO THE  MEASURE-




MENT OF CONTAMINANTS.  IT IS OUR  OBSERVATION THAT





THE DETERMINATION OF THE PROPER SAMPLING  POINTS




AND THE USE OF THE PROPER EQUIPMENT CONFRONT




US WITH OUR MAJOR PROBLEMS.  WE ARE BEING  DELUGED




WITH LITERATURE ON POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT




FROM ALL MANNER OF SUPPLIERS.  IN OUR DISCUSSIONS





WITH OTHER PEOPLE WE HAVE BEEN HARD PRESSED  TO





DETERMINE WHAT TYPE AND BRAND OF  EQUIPMENT WE




CAN REALLY DEPEND UPON.  IT APPEARS TO  US  THAT




THERE IS NEEDED IN INDUSTRY SOME  EVALUATION  TIME




AND PROCEDURES FOR THIS EQUIPMENT.   TO  KEEP




ABREAST OF THE PACE WITH WHICH LEGISLATION IS




MOVING WE HAVE BEEN FORCED TO BUY TESTING  EQUIP-




MENT AND WE ARE NOW BEGINNING TO  WONDER IF OUR




INITIAL INVESTMENTS WERE THE BEST FROM  A  RELIA-





BILITY AS WELL AS A COST VIEW-POINT.




        WE HAVE DISCUSSED SAMPLING  LOCATIONS WITH

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                                                152
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







THE STATE REPRESENTATIVES AND ARE  STILL WORKING




ON A SOLUTION TO THIS PROBLEM.  OUR  PROBLEM  IS




COMPOUNDED BY TALL STACK HEIGHTS,  A  CLOSE  FENCE




ON ONE SIDE AND THE EVER VARYING GULF  BREEZES.




        I THINK THAT WE CAN SUM UP OUR POSITION





VERY BRIEFLY BY SAYING THAT WE ARE AS  CONCERNED




AS THE GOVERNMENT OR THE PUBLIC, BUT DO NOT  BE-





LIEVE WE ARE A POLLUTER AT THE PRESENT TIME.




        THIS HAS NOT KEPT US FROM  ACTION HOWEVER.




IN THE PAST YEAR WE HAVE REVAMPED  OUR  FLARE  STACK




TO MAKE IT SMOKELESS, HAVE INSTALLED A $50,000





BURNER ON OUR CAT CRACKER TO CLEAR UP  ITS  PLUME




AND HAVE INSTALLED A SOUR WATER STRIPPER AND




INCINERATOR TO KEEP HYDROGEN SULFIDE OUT OF  BOTH




OUR WATER AND AIR.




        AS WE LOOK TO THE FUTURE,  WE WOULD MAKE




THESE OBSERVATIONS.  OUR ASSOCIATION WITH  THE




STATE AGENCIES AND INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATES LEAD




US TO BELIEVE THAT SUBSTANTIAL PROGRESS IS BEING




MADE IN AIR AND WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT  IN TEXAS





CITY.  IT SEEMS HOWEVER THAT THE PUBLIC IS NOT





TOO WELL INFORMED ON THIS PROGRESS AND THAT

-------
                                                153
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







SETTER PUBLIC INFORMATION  IS DESIRABLE.




        THERE IS NO DOUBT  THAT A GREAT  DEAL  OF




INFORMATION EXISTS IN THE  AIR AND WATER POLLUTION




ABATEMENT FIELD BUT IT'S READY ACCESS TO PARTICI-




PANTS SUCH AS WE IS OFTEN  DIFFICULT BECAUSE  OF





OUR LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF IT.  THE SOUTH TEXAS




SECTION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL




ENGINEERS, FOR ONE, IS ENDEAVORING TO DO SOMETHING




ABOUT THIS SITUATION.  PERHAPS THERE IS A PLACE




FOR GOVERNMENT PARTICIPATION IN THIS AREA.




        FINALLY WE LOOK TO THE STATE FOR COMPANION-





SHIP IN OUR CONSERVATION EFFORTS.  WE REALIZE




THERE IS A NEED TO CONTROL POLLUTION BECAUSE THERE




IS NO PRACTICAL WAY TO ENTIRELY ELIMINATE IT.




        AS INDIVIDUALS WE  ALL WANT A CLEAN




ENVIRONMENT BUT ONLY COLLECTIVELY CAN WE  ACHIEVE




IT.




        I THANK YOU.




        STUDY OF LAND USE  AND ENVIRONMENTAL  CON-





TROL PUBLIC HEARING IN TEXAS CITY, SEPTEMBER 6,




1968:




        HONORED SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,  HONORABLE




MAYORS OF THE VARIOUS  CITIES,  LADIES  AND GENTLE-




MEN, ON BEHALF OF THE  TEXAS  CITY  TIN  SMELTER,  I




WOULD LIKE TO THANK YOU  AND  YOUR  ASSOCIATES,  PAR-





TICULARLY MEMBERS OF  THIS  LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE





FOR THE STUDY OF LAND  USE  AND  ENVIRONMENTAL CON-




TROL, FOR ARRANGING THIS FORUM FOR  US AND FOR




GIVING US THIS OPPORTUNITY TO  SHARE WITH YOU  OUR




POSITION IN THIS AREA  OF ACTIVITY.   I AM VERY




PLEASED TO MAKE THIS  PRESENTATION ON  BEHALF OF




THE LOCAL MANAGER, TOM MACKEY  AND MY  ASSOCIATES.




        I WOULD LIKE  TO  SHARE  WITH  YOU VERY




BRIEFLY SOME OF OUR BACKGROUND AND  HISTORY.




        AS MOST OF YOU KNOW, THE  TEXAS CITY TIN




SMELTER, AS IT IS MORE COMMONLY KNOWN, WAS BUILT




IN 1941 BY THE UNITED  STATES GOVERNMENT IN ORDER




TO SUPPLY OUR NATION  AND OUR ALLIES DURING THE




SECOND WORLD WAR, WITH BADLY NEEDED TIN METAL.





PRIOR TO THAT TIME, OUR  GOVERNMENT  WAS COMPLETELY





DEPENDENT ON IMPORTS  OF  TIN  METAL FROM MALAYA




AND EUROPE.  DUE TO THE  SUBMARINE WARFARE OF  BOTH




GERMANY AND JAPAN, WE  WERE UNABLE TO  SECURE

-------
                                                155
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







ENOUGH TIN FROM THESE AREAS, THEREFORE  A DECI-




SION WAS MADE TO  INSTALL A  PLANT  IN  THE UNITED




STATES IN ORDER TO CONVERT  BOLIVIAN  TIN CONCEN-




TRATES, WHICH AT  THAT TIME  WAS  THE SECOND LARGEST




MINER OF TIN IN THE WORLD.





        THE SMELTER WAS OPERATED  DY  THE GOVERN-




MENT FROM 1942 THROUGH THE  END  OF 1956.   DURING




THIS TIME, IT SERVED A VITAL FUNCTION  IN SUPPLY-




ING THE ALLIES WITH OVER 90% OF THEIR  TIN REQUIRE-




MENTS DURING WORLD WAR II,  AND  SUPPLYING THE




U. S. WITH ITS TIN REQUIREMENTS DURING  THE KOREAN




WAR.  IN ADDITION, FOR THE  FIRST  TIME  IN THE




HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, A MATERIAL STOCKPILE




SYSTEM WAS SET UP AND THE SMELTER CONTRIBUTED




OVER 350,000 LONG TONS OF TIN METAL  TO  THIS STOCK-




PILE FOR FUTURE EMERGENCY USE.  AS A SIDELIGHT,




I  MIGHT ADD THAT  APPROXIMATELY  THREE YEARS AGO,




IT WAS DECIDED THAT DUE TO  NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENTS,




THE NEXT WORLD WAR WOULD BE A RELATIVELY SHORT




ONE, ESTIMATED BETWEEN THREE TO FIVE YEARS AT




THE MOST AND THEREFORE THE  UNITED STATES HAS




SURPLUS TIN, WHICH IS NOW BEING SOLD FROM THE

-------
                                                156
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







STOCKPILE AT TWO TO THREE  CENTS  PER POUND DIS-




COUNT, WHICH HAS MADE OUR  ECONOMIC  LIFE  A DIFFI-




CULT ONE.  HOWEVER, THIS  IS  NOT  AN  ECONOMIC DIS-




CUSSION AND I WILL NOT GO  INTO THIS ASPECT OF




ECONOMICS.





        IN 1956 THE U. S.  GOVERNMENT,  UNDER THE




EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION  DECIDED THAT IT WAS




ABOUT TIME THAT THE FEDERAL  GOVERNMENT GOT OUT OF




THE TIN BUSINESS, SINCE  THEIR LOSSES EXCEEDED




THIRTY MILLION DOLLARS PER YEAR.  AND  OUR COMPANY,





AMONG OTHERS WAS INVITED TO  SUBMIT  A BID, WHICH





BID STIPULATED THAT THE  SMELTER  WOULD  BE MAIN-




TAINED IN OPERATING CONDITION, SO THAT IN THE




EVENT OF A NATIONAL EMERGENCY, IT WOULD  BE AVAIL-




ABLE TO PRODUCE VARIOUS  METALS,  INCLUDING TIN




METAL.




        WE WERE THE SUCCESSFUL BIDDER, AND FOR




THE PAST ELEVEN AND A HALF YEARS, WE HAVE BEEN




OPERATING THE SMELTER WITH LITTLE OR NO  COMPLAINTS




FROM THE LOCAL CITIZENS  REGARDING AIR  AND WATER





POLLUTION.




        DUE TO THE FACT  THAT THE SMELTER WAS DE-

-------
                                                157
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







SIGNED AND BUILT  FOR  PROCESSING OF TREMENDOUS




QUANTITIES OF TIN CONCENTRATES,  HAS ALLOWED US




TO UTILIZE AT MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY,  THE LARGE




DUST COLLECTION INSTALLATIONS,  SINCE OUR COMPANY





HAS BEEN UNABLE TO OBTAIN  LARGE  QUANTITIES OF





TIN CONCENTRATES  FOR  PROCESSING,  THE EXISTING




UNITS HAVE PROVIDED US WITH  MORE  THAN AMPLE CAPA-




CITY FOR THE REMOVAL  OF  ALL  OF  THE SOLIDS FROM




THE EXIT GASES.




        REGARDING OUR CURRENT OPERATIONS, WE ARE




MEETING AND IN FACT,  EXCEEDING  THE MINIMUM REQUIRE-





MENTS OF THE TEXAS AIR CONTROL  BOARD,  HOUSE BILL




3b2, PASSED JUNE  18,  1965.   WE  HAVE IN OUR PLANT




A NUMBER OF DUST  CYCLONES  AND ELECTROSTATIC PRE-




CIPITATORS, ALL UNITS  OF WHICH  ARE CONNECTED THROUGH




FLUE SYSTEMS, SO  THAT  THE  FURNACE  GASES PASS




THROUGH THEM BEFORE BEING  DISCHARGED TO THE ATMOS-




PHERE THROUGH OUR 250' ST«CK.   THIS EQUIPMENT,




WHEN INSTALLED SEVERAL YEARS AGO,  TOTALED OVER





1.5 MILLION DOLLARS.




        WE HAVE STANDING INVITATIONS TO THE TEXAS




STATE DEPARTMENT  OF HEALTH AND  THEIR ENGINEERING

-------
                                                158
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







STAFF, TO SAMPLE OUR EXIT GASES  DIRECTLY  FROM




OUR 2501 STACK.




        IN THE AREA OF WASTE WATER  DISCHARGE,




WE ARE CURRENTLY BEING REGULATED AND  ARE  OPERAT-





ING UNDER A PERMIT ISSUED BY THE TEXAS  WATER





POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD.  WE ARE VERY FORTUNATE




IN OUR PLANT, HAVING OVER 70 ACRES  OF SETTLING




PONDS WHICH INSURES US THAT ANY  DISCHARGE INTO




THE BAY IS FREE OF SOLID MATTER.  THE ONLY  WATER




BEING DISCHARGED INTO SWAN LAKE  IS  THE  COOLING





WATER FROM OUR PLANT AND SURFACE RUN  OFF.




        WE ARE VERY HAPPY TO REPORT THAT  DUE  TO




A NEW PROCESS, WE HAVE CONVERTED A  WASTE  PRODUCT




INTO A BY-PRODUCT.  IN FACT, WE  ARE SELLING




FERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION TO THE  CITY  OF HOUSTON,




WHICH THEY USE TO PROCESS SEWAGE WASTE  IN ORDER




TO FLOCCULATE THE SOLIDS AND CONTROL  THEIR  OWN





POLLUTION PROBLEMS.




        ALSO A NEW COMPANY HAS LOCATED  IN OUR




PLANT.  THE GULF GRIT CORPORATION IS  NOW  TAKING





OUR WASTE SLAGS AND AREA CONVERTING IT  INTO A




BLASTING GRIT, SO THAT THE FAMOUS t!BLACK  PILES"

-------
                                                159
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







AT THE TIN SMELTER WILL DISAPPEAR,  MAKING  MORE




LAND AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE EXPANSION.




        NEGOTIATIONS ARE CURRENTLY  UNDERWAY  AND




HEARING COMPLETION FOR THE SALE  OF  THE  TEXAS CITY




SMELTER TO NEW OWNERS AND OPERATORS.  UNFORTUN-





ATELY THIS HEARING WAS SCHEDULED PRIOR  TO  THE




COMPLETION OF THE NEGOTIATIONS AND  FOR  THIS  REA-




SON, WE ARE UNABLE TO ANNOUNCE PUBLICLY  AT THIS




TIME, OUR FUTURE GOALS AND PLANS  REGARDING OUR





OPERATION.




        PRESENTATION TO TEXAS LEGISLATIVE  COMMIT-




TEE ON LAND USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, SEPTEM-




BER 6, 1968, J. F. ERDMANN, ENVIRONMENTAL  POLLU-




TION CONTROL COORDINATOR, UNION  CARBIDE  CORPORA-




TION, CHEMICALS AND PLASTICS, P.  0. BOX  471,




TEXAS CITY, TEXAS 77590.




        THE TEXAS CITY PLANT OF  UNION CARBIDE




CORPORATION, CHEMICALS AND PLASTICS GROUP, IS





THE LARGEST OF THE THREE CARBIDE  PLANTS  IN TEXAS.




WE ARE A PART OF THE SECOND LARGEST CHEMICAL





PRODUCER IN THE UNITED STATES.




        THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CHEMICALS  AND  PLAS-

-------
                                                160
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







TICS GROUP BELIEVES THAT THE PROTECTION  OF





ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES IS AN  IMPORTANT  PART  OF




RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP,  REQUIRING  NOT




ONLY THE ACTIVE SUPPORT OF ALL  EMPLOYEES, BUT




ALSO THE COMMITTMENT OF ADEQUATE  FUNDS,  STAFF,




AND ORGANIZATION,




        THE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF ADEQUATE




PROGRAMS AT OUR VARIOUS LOCATIONS SUCH AS TEXAS




CITY INVOLVES, IN ADDITION TO THE ASSIGNED  PLANT




POLLUTION CONTROL STAFF, AN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLU-





TION CONTROL BUSINESS TEAM WITH RESPONSIBILITIES




THROUGHOUT THE CHEMICALS AND PLASTICS GROUP OF




THE CORPORATION.  ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE  FROM




SPECIALISTS IN ENGINEERING AND  IN RESEARCH  AND




DEVELOPMENT MAY BE REQUESTED AS NEEDED.  AS THE




LOCAL PLANT POLLUTION CONTROL COORDINATOR,  I  AM




RESPONSIBLE TO TEXAS CITY PLANT MANAGEMENT  FOR




ALL THE POLLUTION AND WASTE CONTROL ACTIVITIES




AT THIS LOCATION.  WITH THIS BRIEF  INTRODUCTION





TO THE SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION  AND  ITS CONCERN




FOR POLLUTION, I WILL NOW DESCRIBE  THE PRESENT




AND PROPOSED FACILITIES FOR OUR TEXAS CITY  PLANT

-------
                                                161
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







AND GIVE YOU SOME VIEWS OF OUR OBJECTIVES AND




ACCOMPLISHMENTS.




        JUST AS YOU ON THIS LAND USE AND ENVIRON-




MENTAL CONTROL COMMITTEE MUST HAVE A POLITICAL





PHILOSOPHY TO GUIDE YOU IN THE LEGISLATIVE AREAS,





SO MUST WE HAVE A BASIS FOR OUR OPERATIONS IN




THE CONTROL OF OUR ENVIRONMENT.  AT THIS PLANT




WE HAVE THE CONCEPT OF CONTROLLING POLLUTION AT




ITS SOURCE WHERE AT ALL FEASIBLE.  BY  THIS WE




MEAN THAT IF WE HAD NO PRODUCTION UNITS, WE




WOULD HAVE NO POLLUTION.  THEREFORE, IF EACH PRO-





DUCTION UNIT CONTROLS ITS OPERATIONS TO PRODUCE




THE MINIMUM OF WASTE PRODUCTS, NOT ONLY DOES




THE UNIT PRODUCE MORE USEFUL AND SALEABLE PRODUCTS,




BUT THERE IS LESS WASTE MATERIAL TO BE TREATED




AND DISPOSED OF.  SINCE WE HAVE OVER SIXTY PRO-




DUCTION UNITS, SOME OF THEM OVER TWENTY YEARS OLD,




A SIZEABLE AND CONTINUOUS EFFORT IS REQUIRED TO





DEVELOP THIS CONCEPT INTO PRACTICAL REALITY.




        WATER POLLUTION REPRESENTS OUR GREATEST





PROBLEM AND ALSO THE AREA OF A LARGE PART OF




OUR PAST EFFORTS BECAUSE MOST OF OUR PRODUCTS

-------
                                                162
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







ARE LIQUIDS OR SOLIDS WHICH ARE QUITE  WATER




SOLUBLE.  OVER 97% OF OUR FRESH WATER  SUPPLY




IS OBTAINED FROM THE BRAZOS RIVER  BY CANAL  AND




IS USED FOR BOILER FEED, PROCESS NEEDS AND COOL-




ING PURPOSES.  APPROXIMATELY  17 MILLION GALLONS





PER DAY OF THIS WATER IS USED  BY  THE PROCESSES




AND A FLOW OF OVER 385 MILLION GALLONS PER DAY




IS CONSTANTLY RECIRCULATED THROUGHOUT  A CYCLE





SYSTEM FOR COOLING PURPOSES.




        IN ORDER TO CONTROL WATER  POLLUTION WE




NOW SEGREGATE THE PROCESS WASTES INTO  THREE




PARTS; BURNABLE LIQUIDS, CONCENTRATED  WASTE




WATER STREAMS, AND A DILUTE WASTE  WATER STREAM.




AT PRESENT, THE BURNABLE LIQUIDS ARE DISPOSED




OF BY SMOKELESS BURNERS AND THEREFORE  THESE




MATERIALS DO NOT CONTRIBUTE TO AIR OR  WATER POLLU-




TION.  THE GREATER THE AMOUNT OF BURNABLE  MATER-




IAL WE CAN SEGREGATE AND BURN, THE LESS THE WATER





POLLUTION LOAD WE WILL HAVE TO TREAT.




        THE CONCENTRATED WASTE STREAMS MAKE UP




ABOUT 40% OF OUR ORGANIC WASTES IN ABOUT 10%




OF OUR WASTE WATER.  TO PREVENT THESE  MATERIALS

-------
                                                163
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







FROM REACHING NATURAL WATERS  IN  THIS  CONDITION,





A NUMBER OF LARGE LAGOONS  IN  THE PLANT  AND AT




THE OFF PLANT DISPOSAL AREA PROVIDE  SUFFICIENT




TIME FOR NATURAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES  TO REDUCE




THE ORGANIC CONTAMINATION  GREATLY.   THERE IS





NORMALLY NO EFFLUENT  FROM  THESE  LaGOONS  EXCEPT




DURING EXCESSIVE RAINFALL.




        THE DILUTE WASTE WATER STREAM,  WHICH




MAKES UP ABOUT 90% OF THE  TOTAL  FLOW,  CONTAINS




THE REST OF THE ORGANIC  WASTES,  PLUS  SOME OF




THE INORGANIC MATERIALS  REMOVED  FROM  THE RIVER





WATER BY TREATING PROCESSES FOR  BOILER  FEED AND




PROCESS NEEDS.  THIS  DILUTE STREAM  IS  CLARIFIED




TO REMOVE ABOUT 97% OF THE SUSPENDED  MATTER AND




THE EFFLUENT THEN FLOWS  INTO  GALVESTON  BAY AFTER




MIXING WITH DILUTE WASTE STREAMS FROM  TWO NEIGH-




BORING PLANTS.  SLUDGES  FROM  CLARIFIERS  AND PRO-




CESS UNITS ARE TRANSPORTED TO THE LAGOONS FOR




DISPOSAL SO THEY DO NOT  GET INTO THE  EFFLUENT




WASTE STREAM.  CHEMICALLY  CONTAMINATED  MATERIALS





AND NONBURNABLE WASTES GO  TO  A LAND  FILL AT THE





OFF PLANT DISPOSAL AREA.   OTHER  TRASH AND GARBAGE

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







IS HAULED TO THE TEXAS  CITY  DUMP.





        THE ENTIRE PLANT HAS A  NETWORK OF GRAV-




ITY SEWERS AND DITCHES  CONNECTED  TO PUMPING STA-




TIONS WHICH PUMP ALL  THE DILUTE WASTES TO PRIMARY




CLARIFIERS AT THE BACK  OF  THE PLANT.   THE CON-




CENTRATED WASTES ARE  EITHER  PUMPED  OR  TRUCKED TO




THE LAGOONS AND THE BURNABLE WASTES ARE ALSO




PUMPED OR TRUCKED TO  STORAGE TANKS  WHICH FEED




THE SMOKELESS BURNERS.




        THE ENTIRE WASTE WATER  TREATMENT AND DIS-





POSAL SYSTEM IS MONITORED  THROUGHOUT THE PLANT




BY A LABORATORY USING SOME OF THE LATEST ANALYTI-




CAL TOOLS, SUCH AS TOTAL CARBON ANALYZERS AND GAS




CHROMATOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTS, AS WELL AS CONVEN-




TIONAL WET CHEMICAL METHODS.




        IN THE CONTROL  OF  AIR POLLUTION,  EACH




PARTICULAR MAJOR SOURCE  IS EQUIPPED WITH CON-




TROL DEVICES.  THE WASTE GAS FLARES ARE EQUIPPED




WITH STEAM INJECTION  FOR SMOKELESS  BURNING.




THE ETHANOL-ACID STACK  HAS SCRUBBERS,  DEMISTERS





AND AFTERBURNERS WHICH  PREVENT  THE  ESCAPE OF




SULFURIC ACID MIST AND  SULFUR TRIOXIDE.   THE

-------
                                                165
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







COOLING TOWERS NEAR HIGHWAY  146 ARE  EQUIPPED




WITH GAS BURNERS TO HELP DISSIPATE FOG  ON  THE




HIGHWAY DURING THE WINTER MONTHS.  HYDROGEN




SULFIDE REMOVED FROM CRUDE RAW MATERIALS  IS CON-




CENTRATED AND SOLD TO A NEIGHBORING  PLANT.  SPE-





CIAL CARBON MONOXIDE AND CHLORINE MONITORING




SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED  PRIMARILY FOR  SAFETY




OF PLANT PERSONNEL, BUT THEY ALSO SERVE TO PRO-




TECT THE COMMUNITY IN THE EVENT OF ACCIDENTAL





RELEASES.




        IN NOISE ABATEMENT,  THE SILENCING  OF TUR-





BINE GENERATORS AND COMPRESSORS HAS  BEEN BUILT




INTO MOST OF THE INSTALLATIONS, BUT  ONE OF THE




FIRST TURBINES WE INSTALLED  HAS HAD  A PERSISTENT




DIRECTIONAL EMISSION INTO A  RESIDENTIAL AREA




WHICH WAS ONLY RECENTLY IDENTIFIED FOR  CORRECTIVE




ACTION.  A TEMPORARY DEFLECTION BARRIER HAS BEEN




ERECTED AND ENGINEERING FOR  A PERMANENT SOLUTION





IS UNDERWAY.




        ALL OF THE PRESENT GENERAL POLLUTION





CONTROL FACILITIES INSTALLED THROUGH 1967  FOR





THE OPERATION OF THE PLANT REPRESENT A  CAPITAL

-------
                                                166
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







INVESTMENT OF ABOUT $5,600,000.   THE  TEXAS  CITY




PLANT POLLUTION CONTROL GROUPS  IN  1967  SPENT





OVER $600,000 IN OPERATING AND  MAINTENANCE  COSTS




TO KEEP THEIR FACILITIES RUNNING.   A  TOTAL  OF




MORE THAN THIRTEEN MAN-YEARS OF  DIRECT  LABOR




AND SUPERVISION WAS REQUIRED, WHICH DOES  NOT




INCLUDE ABOUT TWICE THAT NUMBER  OF  MAINTENANCE




MAN-YEARS FOR 1967 ALONE.




        MANY INSTANCES OF CAPITAL  INVESTMENT,




OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL  CON-




TROL EQUIPMENT AT INDIVIDUAL UNITS  IS NOT INCLUDED




IN THESE PUBLISHED FIGURES, SINCE  THE COSTS ARE





OFTEN INCLUDED IN THE PROJECTS  AND  BUDGETS  AS




INTEGRAL PARTS OF THE VARIOUS PRODUCTION  DEPART-




MENTS .




        A PARTICULAR EXAMPLE OF  THIS  IS THE IN-




VESTMENT IN FACILITIES TO CONTROL  AIR,  WATER AND




NOISE AT THE NEW ETHYLENE PLANT  JUST  BEING  COM-





PLETED NEAR THE SOUTH END OF OUR PLANT.   COMPLETELY




INTEGRATED EQUIPMENT FOR AIR POLLUTION  CONTROL




COST OVER $1,100,000, FOR WATER  $450,000, AND




FOR NOISE ABATEMENT ANOTHER $450,000.   THIS WILL

-------
                                                167
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY







BE THE LARGEST SINGLE  ETHYLENE  UNIT  IN  THE





WORLD WITH A CAPACITY  OF  1,200,000,000  POUNDS




PER YEAR OF ETHYLENE.




        AT THE PRESENT TIME WE  ARE OPERATING AN




ETHANOL-ACID PRODUCTION  UNIT WITH A  STACK EMIT-





TING SULFUR DIOXIDE UNDER A VARIANCE  APPROVED




BY THE TEXAS AIR CONTROL BOARD  EARLY  INJULY  OF





THIS YEAR.  BY JULY 1, 1969, WE HOPE  TO HAVE




SCRUBBING FACILITIES  INSTALLED  ON THIS  STACK




WHICH WILL BRING OUR S02 RELEASE WELL WITHIN




REGULATION III LIMITS  FOR GALVESTON  COUNTY,  WHICH





INCIDENTALLY ARE ONLY  70% OF THOSE PERMITTED IN




MOST OTHER PARTS OF TEXAS.  A CUTBACK IN PRODUC-




TION WILL BE MADE TO MEET THE EMISSION  LIMITS




IF THE JULY 1ST DATE CANNOT BE  MET.   THE PRE-




LIMINARY CAPITAL INVESTMENT ESTIMATES FOR THIS




IMPROVEMENT ARE IN EXCESS OF $500,000,  AND OPERAT-




ING COSTS MAY EXCEED $200,000 PER YEAR.




        3Y FAR THE LARGEST SINGLE POLLUTION




ABATEMENT INVESTMENT FOR THIS PLANT WILL BE  THE




PROJECTED SECONDARY WASTE WATER TREATMENT UNIT




TO BE CONSTRUCTED NEAR THE OFF  PLANT  DISPOSAL

-------
                                                168
        MAYOR EMMETT F. LOWRY







AREA.  IN THIS NEW  INSTALLATION, WE  ARE  DESIGN-





ING TO PROVIDE AN 80% REDUCTION  IN BIOCHEMICAL




OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD5) FOR THE TOTAL CONCENTRATED




AND DILUTE ORGANIC WASTE STREAMS.  NEW COMBINA-




TIONS OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL  SYSTEMS




WILL BE UTILIZED WHICH ARE PARTICULARLY  SUITED




TO THE KINDS OF WASTES PRODUCED  IN THIS  PLANT.





A PILOT PLANT STUDY HAS BEEN UNDERWAY  FOR  THE




LAST TWO-AND-ONE-HALF C2-1/2) YEARS  DIRECTED  BY




ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL  SCIENTISTS  AND




ENGINEERS FROM OUR CHARLESTON TECHNICAL  CENTER.




THIS EFFORT UTILIZED 3.5 MAN-YEARS PER YEAR AND




COST OVER $50,000 PER YEAR, MOST OF  WHICH  WAS





FOR LABORATORY WORK REQUIRED TO  DETERMINE  THE




EFFECTS OF VARIOUS BACTERIAL SYSTEMS.  THIS WORK




WILL CONTINUE THROUGH 1968, ALTHOUGH PRELIMINARY




ENGINEERING WORK IS EVEN NOW UNDERWAY.




        IN CONSULTATIONS WITH THE STAFF  OF  TME




TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD WE HAVE REVIEWED  THE





DESIGN AND EXPECTED EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROPOSED




TREATMENT PLANT.  WE ARE NOW PREPARING A REVISED





EFFLUENT WATER PERMIT FOR APPROVAL SO WE CAN

-------
        MAYOR EMMETT  F.  LOWRY








ASSURE OUR POLLUTION  CONTROL  TEAM AND CORPORATE





MANAGEMENT THAT THE NEW  PLANT  WILL MEET THE PRE-





LIMINARY REQUIREMENTS  FOR  WASTE  WATER DISCHARGES





INTO GALVCSTON BAY.   PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES OF





PLANT COST ARE AROUND  $4 MILLION WITH AN ADDI-





TIONAL $1 MILLION  FOR  THE  COASTAL SWAMPLAND ON





WHICH TO BUILD IT.  NUMEROUS  OTHER PROJECTS HAVE





BEEN BUDGETED WHICH BRING  THE  TOTAL TO OVER $7





MILLION TO BE COMMITTED  IN 1968  AND 1969 AT THE





TEXAS CITY LOCATION.   THUS, OUR  TOTAL INVESTMENT





WILL EXCEED $12 MILLION.   IN  ADDITION, A FIVE-





YEAR FORECAST INDICATES ANOTHER  $1 MILLION OF





CAPITAL INVESTMENT WILL BE REQUIRED FOR FURTHER





POLLUTION CONTROL  MEASURES THROUGH 1973.





        THE SHORT  TIME ALLOTTED  ON TODAY'S PRO-





GRAM CAN ONLY PROVIDE  THIS BRIEF SUMMARY.   WE





HEJRE AT THE TEXAS  CITY PLANT  OF  UNION CARBIDE





JELIEVE THAT EXISTING  TEXAS STATE POLLUTION





CONTROL LAWS AND REGULATIONS  ARE ADEQUATE  TO





GUIDE ANY IMPROVEMENT  NEEDS AT THIS LOCATION.





AS QUALITY CRITERIA ARE  FURTHER  DEVELOPED, WE





FEEL WE CAN GENERATE  THE TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGNS

-------
                                                       170
               MAYOR EMMETt F. LOWRY
       TO MEET THEM.  I HOPE  I HAVE BEEN ABLE TO CON-
       VEY TO YOU FIRST OUR CONCERN FOR THE MANY PROB-
       LEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL  POLLUTION CONTROL AT THIS
       PLANT, AND THEM A SUMMARY OF OUR PAST EFFORTS,
       PLUS OUR PLANS AND DETERMINATION TO BRING REMAIN-
       ING PROBLEMS TO SATISFACTORY SOLUTIONS.
               THANK YOU, MR. GALEGAR,
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MAYOR,  WE WILL APPRECIATE
       RECEIVING THOSE COPIES INTO THE RECORD, AND IT
       SOUNDS LIKE YOU HAVE MADE A RATHER EXTENSIVE
       APPROACH TO THE PROBLEMS THAT YOU SHARE WITH
       OTHERS.
               LET ME ASK, IF YOU DON'T MIND WAITING
       JUST A MOMENT, IF WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS?  ANY
       QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE?
MR. MYRICK:  MR. MYRICK, UNIVERSITY OF'HOUSTON.  MAYOR
       LO'./RY, I WOULD LIKE TO AS'< YOU TO INFORM US OF
       A NEW PROJECT YOU HAVE GOING ON IN YOUR TREATMENT
       PLANTS,  THE PROCESS MR. CONNELL IS WORKING WITH
       YOU ON,  I THINK THIS WOULD .BE VERY INFORMATIVE.
MAYOR LOWRY:  WE HAVE BEEN PRIVILEGED IN TEXAS CITY TO
       SHARE THE FACILITIES AT OUR SEWAGE TREATMENT

-------
                                                     171
       PLANT NUMBER 2 WITH THE PEOPLE AT UNIVERSITY




       OF TEXAS MEDICAL CENTER IN THEIR ATTEMPT TO




       CARRY ON EXPERIMENTAL WORK THAT NEEDS TO BE




       DONE AND ASSISTING US ALL IN CONTROLLING CERTAIN




       PRODUCTS IN OUR SEWAGE EFFLUENT, WE HAVE OFFERED




       OUR FACILITIES.  THE MEDICAL BRANCH HAS ADDED




       SOME FACILITIES THERE AND IT'S IN AN EXPERIMENTAL




       STAGE AND GOING ON SEVERAL MONTHS.  I AM NOT IN




       A POSITION TO GIVE YOU THE TECHNICAL DETAILS, BUT




       WE DO APPRECIATE THE FACT THAT THEY ARE CARRYING




       ON THIS  WORK THERE AND WE ARE ABLE TO ASSIST.




MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MAYOR.  I BELIEVE THAT WE HAVE




       HERE IN THE AUDIENCE DR. CONNELL WHO IS—IS DR.




       CONNELL HERE?  DR. CONNELL, THERE MAY BE A NUMBER




       OF PEOPLE WHO ARE INTERESTED IN TALKING TO YOU.




               ARE THERE ANY OTHER QUESTIONS?




               THANK YOU VERY MUCH, MAYOR, WE CERTAINLY




       APPRECIATE THIS FINE STATEMENT.




MAYOR LOWRY:  THANK YOU.  I HAVE HERE COPIES OF REPORTS




       FOR COMMITTEE RECORDS.




MR. GALEGAR:  is JUDGE RAY HOLBROOK HERE?




JUDGE HOLBROOK:  THANK YOU VERY MUCH, MR. GALEGAR, AND

-------
                                                172
         JUDGE RAY HOLBROOK







MEMBERS OF THE PANEL AND LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.




I AM RAY HOLBROOK, THE COUNTY JUDGE OF GALVESTON




COUNTY.  I ONLY WISH TO ADD TO MAYOR LOWRY'S




STATEMENT THAT WE DO ENDORSE AND SUBSCRIBE AND




STAND BEHIND THE STATEMENT THAT HE IS PRESENTING





TO YOU GENTLEMEN AS A PART OF THE PACKAGE, THE




STATEMENT WHICH THE GALVESTON COUNTY COMMISSIONERS'




COURT PRESENTED TO SENATOR CRISS COLE AND THE




LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE FOR STUDY OF LAND USE AND




ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL.




        I AM HERE PRIMARILY TO INDICATE THE INTER-





EST OF GALVESTON COUNTY AND THE GALVESTON COUNTY




COMMISSIONERS' COURT IN THE OVERALL PROBLEM OF




WATER POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL.




        COMMISSIONER PAUL HOPKINS AND COMMISSIONER




JACK LAWRENCE WERE HERE EARLIER BUT HAD OTHER




ENGAGEMENTS THEY HAD TO ATTEND TO.




        I ALSO WISH TO PLEDGE OUR COOPERATION




WITH ALL OF THE CITIES IN GALVESTON COUNTY IN





COMBATTING THIS PROBLEM, WITH THE TEXAS WATER




QUALITY BOARD, WITH THE STATE HEALTH DEPART-




MENT, WITH THE PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT AND

-------
                                                173
         JUDGE RAY HOLBROOK







WITH THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINIS-




TRATION.





        WE BELIEVE THE COUNTY OF GALVESTON AND





ALL COUNTIES OF THE STATE, FOR THAT MATTER, NEED





MORE AUTHORITY OVER LAND USE, OF WHETHER IT'S





ABOVE WATER OR WHETHER SUBMERGED, OTHER THAN THAT




USED PRIMARILY FOR NAVIGATION.  HOWEVER, WE RECOG-




NIZE THIS AS PRIMARILY A STATE PROBLEM ON WHICH




THIS ADMINISTRATION COULD PROBABLY GIVE US NO





ASSISTANCE.




        WE BELIEVE, FINALLY, THAT WATER POLLUTION





CONTROL SHOULD BE THE AUTHORITY OF LOCAL AND STATE




AGENCIES.




        WE BELIEVE, HOWEVER, THAT THE FEDERAL




INTEREST IS VERY IMPORTANT AND SHOULD BE OF A




"WATCHDOG" CHARACTER IN SETTING NATIONWIDE STAND-




ARDS AND SEEING THAT THE STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES




THEN FINALLY MEET THESE STANDARDS WITHIN REASONABLE





PERIODS OF TIME.




        I DO BELIEVE THAT THE PRIMARY INTERESTS




OF THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRA-





TION IN HOLDING THESE HEARINGS IN TEXAS SHOULD

-------
                JUDGE RAY HOLBROOK

       HAVE BEEN SPELLED OUT A LITTLE MORE CLEARLY.  I,
       FOR ONE, DO NOT REALLY KNOW WHY YOU ARE HERE OR
       WHAT YOU ARE LOOKING FOR; BUT WE CERTAINLY DO
       PLEDGE OUR COOPERATION AND WANT TO DEMONSTRATE
       OUR INTEREST IN WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN GAL-
       VESTON COUNTY.
MR. GALEGAR:   THANK YOU JUDGE HOLBROOK.  WE KNOW THAT
       THERE  ARE TIMES IN WHICH INFORMATION THAT WE WISH
       TO DISSEMINATE DOES NOT REACH ALL PARTIES AND
       CERTAINLY IS NOT CLEAR, AND WE WOULD LIKE — THERE
       ARE VARIOUS HANDICAPS IN THE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
       AND IN THE WRITTEN WORD IN THE AMOUNT OF INFORMA-
       TION WE ATTEMPT TO DISSEMINATE.  WE DO HOPE THAT
       THIS WILL IMPROVE AND WE DO HOPE THAT WE CAN SHARE
       WITH YOU OUR THOUGHTSMORE DIRECTLY IN THE FUTURE.
               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS OF THE PANEL OR
       OF JUDGE HOLBROOK?
               JUDGE, WE WILL LET YOU GET AWAY.  I HOPE
       YOU DO RETURN TO THE FLOOR MIKE IN THE EVENT WE
       HAVE SOME QUESTIONS.  ANY FROM THE AUDIENCE?
       VERY FINE.
               THE NEXT SPEAKER IS MR. TERRANCE LEARY,

-------
                                                      175
       TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE SERVICE.




MR. LEARY:  MR. CHAIRMAN, MEMBERS OF THE PANEL, LADIES




       AND GENTLEMEN.





               ARTICLE 4026 OF THE REVISED CIVIL STAT-




       UTES OF TEXAS PROVIDES IN PART THAT "ALL OF THE





       PUBLIC RIVERS, BAYOUS, LAGOONS, CREEKS, LAKES,




       BAYS, AND INLETS IN THIS STATE, AND ALL THAT




       PART OF THE GULF OF MEXICO WITHIN THE JURISDIC-




       TION OF THIS STATE, TOGETHER WITH THEIR BEDS AND




       BOTTOMS, AND ALL OF THE PRODUCTS THEREOF, SHALL




       CONTINUE AND REMAIN THE PROPERTY OF THE STATE OF




       TEXAS, EXCEPT IN SO FAR AS THE STATE SHALL PERMIT




       THE USE OF SAID WATERS AND BOTTOMS, OR PERMIT




       THE TAKING OF THE PRODUCTS OF SUCH BOTTOMS AND




       WATERS."




               THE PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT IS THE




       STATE AGENCY CHARGED WITH THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR




       MANAGING THE FISH, WILDLIFE, AND PUBLIC OUTDOOR




       RECREATION RESOURCES OF TEXAS.  WE HAVE FOR SOME





       YEARS MONITORED AND RECORDED ECOLOGICAL DATA




       WITHIN EACH OF OUR COASTAL BAY SYSTEMS, AND WE




       ARE PRESENTLY UNDERTAKING A USE AND DEMAND STUDY

-------
                                                176
         MR. TERRANCE LEARY







OF RECREATION NEEDS ALONG OUR COAST.  WE HAVE




PREVIOUSLY OUTLINED, IN MORE DETAIL, OUR ACTIVI-




TIES TO REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FEDERAL WATER POLLU-




TION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF





THIS NATIONAL ESTUARINE SURVEY.  THE STATEMENTS




MADE HEREIN RESULT FROM OUR STUDIES.




        THE PROBLEMS FACING OUR ESTUARIES ARE




MANIFOLD AND COMPLEX, EACH INFLUENCING OTHER




FACTORS.  TO BEGIN, WE SHOULD DEFINE AN ESTUARY,





AND THIS WE DO USING THE DESCRIPTION GENERALLY




ACCEPTED AND USED BY MARINE BIOLOGISTS AND ECOLO-




GISTS AND WHICH APPEARS IN W. M. CAMERON AND




D. W. PRITCHARD'S WORK, THE SEA.




        "AN ESTUARY IS A SEMI-ENCLOSED COASTAL




BODY OF WATER HAVING FREE CONNECTION WITH THE




OPEN SEA AND WITHIN WHICH THE SEA WATER IS MEA-




SURABLY DILUTED WITH FRESH WATER DERIVING FROM




LAND DRAINAGE."




        BY THIS DEFINITION, ABOUT ONE-THIRD OF





THE INLAND COASTAL WATERS OF TEXAS — THOSE




SOUTH OF ARANSAS PASS ~ COULD NOT BE CLASSIFIED




AS ESTUARIES SINCE THEY NO LONGER CONSISTENTLY

-------
                                                177
         MR. TERRANCE LEARY







RECEIVE FRESH WATER NECESSARY FOR DILUTION.




STILL OTHERS WILL BE RECEIVING LESS AND LESS




DRAINAGE AS TEXAS DEVELOPS ITS WATER RESOURCES




AND DIVERTS STREAM FLOW FROM THE RIVERS.  FOR




THE PURPOSE OF THIS HEARING,  WE SHALL REFER TO




ESTUARINE AREAS AND FORMER ESTUARINE AREAS AS




"BAYS."




        THE IMPORTANCE OF FRESH WATER WHICH




CREATES THE ESTUARINE HABITAT CANNOT BE OVER EM-




PHASIZED, FOR IT CREATES CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR




THE SURVIVAL OF MANY OF OUR MARINE ORGANISMS.




LAST YEAR, FOR EXAMPLE, 99 PERCENT OF OUR TEXAS




COMMERCIAL FISHERY WAS COMPOSED OF ESTUARINE




DEPENDENT SPECIES.  THESE INCLUDE SHRIMP, CRABS,




OYSTERS, MENHADEN, TROUT, REDFISH, DRUM, SHEEPS-




HEAD, AND FLOUNDER, TO NAME A FEW.  THIS YEAR,




WITH ABUNDANT RAINFALL AND RUNOFF, WE HAVE HAD




AN INCREASE IN WHITE OR BAY SHRIMP PRODUCTION,





IN ABUNDANCE OF BLUE CRABS IN AREAS WHERE THEY





HAVE NOT NORMALLY OCCURRED, AND A RECORD CROP OF





JUVENILE REFISH.  IT HAS TAKEN RECORD-BREAKING





RAINFALL TO DO THIS, HOWEVER.

-------
                                                178
         MR. TERRANCE LEARY







        A FACTOR WHICH FURTHER COMPLICATES THE




PROBLEM IS THAT A NUMBER OF INDUSTRIES HAVE




BEEN DISPOSING OF LARGE QUANTITIES OF CONCENTRATED




BRING INTO OUR COASTAL STREAMS AND BAYS.  SOME




SINGLE OPERATIONS CONTRIBUTE AS MUCH AS 1,800,000





GALLONS OF BRINE DAILY AT A SALINITY ALMOST THREE




TIMES THAT OF PURE SEA WATER TO OUR ESTUARINE




ENVIRONMENT.  TO DILUTE THIS AMOUNT OF BRING TO





AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL FROM ONE OPERATION WOULD




TAKE 18,000 ACRE FEET OF FRESH WATER PER YEAR.




ONE TIDAL STREAM HAS FOUR SUCH OPERATIONS ON ITS




LOWER REACHES.  OUR TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD




AND RAILROAD COMMISSION ARE CURRENTLY REVIEWING




THESE PRACTICES TO DETERMINE A SOLUTION TO THE




PROBLEM.




        WE HAVE ALSO BECOME AWARE OF PROBLEM SIT-




UATIONS CREATED BY THE LOCATION OF STEAM GENERAT-




ING ELECTRICAL POWER PLANTS ALONG THE SHORELINES





AND HEAD WATERS OF OUR BAYS.  THESE PLANTS USE





LARGE QUANTITIES OF BRACKISH WATERS FOR COOLING




PURPOSES.  UNFORTUNATELY, THE WATER IS USUALLY




PUMPED FROM AND RETURNED TO AREAS OF NURSERY

-------
                                                179
         MR. TERRANCE LEARY







HABITAT FOR FISH AND SHELLFISH.  THE MILLIONS




OF LARVAL AND JUVENILE FORMS THAT ARE SUCKED





INTO THE STREAM ARE KILLED, AND THE HEATED AND




RETURNED EFFLUENT DURING SUMMER MONTHS CAN BE




LETHAL TO ANIMALS IN A RATHER EXTENSIVE AREA





AT THE DISCHARGE.  STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES




AND THE POWER COMPANIES ARE ACTIVELY SEEKING WAYS




TO PROVIDE THE NEEDED ELECTRICAL SERVICE TO EX-




PANDING COASTAL INDUSTRIES WITHOUT JEOPARDIZING




THE FISHERIES.





        THE RADICAL ALTERATION OF THE BAY HABITAT




BY CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IS ALSO A MAJOR FACTOR




CONTRIBUTING TO THE DETERIORATION OF OUR BAY




AND BAY DEPENDENT FISHERIES.  PIECEMEAL CHANNEL-




ING, FILLING, DREDGING, AND BULKHEADING BY PRIVATE




INTERESTS EAT AWAY AT THE IRREPLACEABLE, SHALLOW




NURSERY AREAS AROUND THE EDGES OF OUR BAYS.




ALMOST EVERY DAY SEES THE LOSS OF ADDITIONAL




ACRES OF THIS PRIME HABITAT.  SOME PUBLIC PRO-





JECTS, HOWEVER, ARE NOT SO SUBTLE IN THEIR EFFECTS,




ONE SUCH U. S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS PROJECT




CURRENTLY UNDERWAY IN SABINE LAKE IS ISOLATING

-------
                                                180
         MR. TERRANCE LEARY







SIX SQUARE MILES, ONE-SIXTH OF THE TEXAS  HALF




OF THE LAKE, BEHIND A LEVEE.  THIS AREA WILL BE




USED AS A SPOIL DUMP FOR MATERIAL DREDGED FROM




THE SHIP CHANNEL.  SIX SQUARE MILES OF DRY LAND





WILL BE CREATED, AND NEEDLESS-TO-SAY, THERE WILL




BE NO MORE SHRIMP PRODUCED THERE.




        ANOTHER PROJECT OF ALMOST INCOMPREHENSIBLE




MAGNITUDE IS THE TEXAS HURRICANE PROTECTION STUDY





OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS.  ONE PROPOSED PLAN FOR




THE GALVESTON BAY SYSTEM WOULD CONSTRUCT A LEVEE,




20 FEET HIGH, OVER 200 FEET WIDE, AND 87 MILES




LONG.   IT WOULD BISECT GALVESTON BAY AND EXTEND




THE LENGTH OF WEST BAY.  SOME 336,000 ACRES OF




BAY WATERS WOULD BE IN THE AREA OF INFLUENCE.




IT IS  NOT DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF




CONSTRUCTION ON THE STRIP ON WHICH THE LEVEE




RESTS  OR ON THOSE BOTTOM AREAS FROM WHICH FILL




MATERIAL WOULD BE TAKEN.  HOWEVER, IT IS VIRTU-




ALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO DETERMINE WHAT THE OVERALL





EFFECTS MIGHT BE ON THE REMAINDER OF GALVESTON




BAY,  THE MOST PRODUCTIVE OF OUR BAY SYSTEMS.




THE DISTRICT OFFICE OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS

-------
                                               181
         MR. TERRANCE LEARY







HAS BEEN EXTREMELY COOPERATIVE IN RUNNING MODEL




TESTS FOR AND SUPPLYING ALL POSSIBLE INFORMA-




TION TO OUR DEPARTMENT AND THE U. S. FISH AND




WILDLIFE SERVICE WHO ARE ATTEMPTING TO EVALUATE




ALL OF THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SUCH AN EXTENSIVE




PROJECT.




        THE PRESENCE OF PESTICIDES IN THE MARINE




ENVIRONMENT IS REACHING SIGNIFICANT LEVELS.  WE




ARE CONCERNED OVER THE RESULTS OF OUR STUDIES BE-




CAUSE THEY INDICATE A TREND OF INCREASING CONTAMI-




NATION.  COMPARATIVELY LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF




THESE PESTICIDES ARE TOXIC TO MANY OF OUR MORE




IMPORTANT MARINE ANIMALS.  A  1 PPB LEVEL OF DDT




WILL KILL BLUE CRABS IN EIGHT DAYS.  A CONCENTRA-




TION OF 0.023 PPM DDT WILL REDUCE THE GROWTH OF




OYSTER LARVAE BY 40 PERCENT AND THEIR SURVIVAL BY




20 PERCENT, WHILE A 0.001 PPM CONCENTRATION OF




THE SAME PESTICIDE IS LETHAL TO WHITE SHRIMP.




DDT IS APPLIED TO COTTON AT A RATE OF 1.75 POUNDS





TO THE ACRE AND IS NORMALLY USED TWICE ON A CROP.




ONLY 5 PERCENT OF THIS MATERIAL USED ON ONE ACRE




IS SUFFICIENT TO KILL ALL THE SHRIMP AND CRABS IN

-------
                                                182
         MR. TERRANCE LEARY







50 ACRES OF SHALLOW BAY NURSERY.




        WE HAVE DETERMINED THAT  IN THE RELA-




TIVELY SMALL WATERSHED OF THE LOWER LACUNA MADRE,





OVER 11.3 MILLION POUNDS OF DDT, DIELDRIN, ENDRIN,




TOXAPHENE, SEVIN, AND PARATHION ARE APPLIED IN




AGRICULTURE ANNUALLY.




        IN OUR WORK, WE ARE MONITORING THE ANI-




MALS TO DETERMINE WHICH SPECIES ARE AFFECTED




AND IN WHAT ORGANS AND TISSUES THE TOXIC MATERIAL




BECOMES CONCENTRATED.  WE HAVE DETECTED HIGH




LEVELS IN THE BRAINS, LIVERS, AND GONADS OF SOME




OF OUR FISH, IN FISH EGGS, AND IN THE EGGS OF




SHOREBIRDS.  OTHER STATE AGENCIES ARE STUDYING




DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE PESTICIDE PROBLEM.




        AS THE POPULATION OF TEXAS EXPANDS AND




BECOMES EVER MORE AFFLUENT, THE DEMAND FOR OUT-




DOOR RECREATION GROWS AT AN INCREASING RATE.  IF




RECREATIONAL FACILITIES ON THE TEXAS GULF COAST




ARE DEVELOPED IN AN ORGANIZED AND ATTRACTIVE





MANNER, THEY COULD HAVE THE ABILITY TO ABSORB





MUCH OF THE RECREATIONAL NEEDS OF TEXAS AND MANY




OF THE LANDLOCKED STATES.  UNTIL RECENTLY, THIS

-------
                                               183
         MR. TERRANCE LEARY







HAS NOT BEEN THE CASE.




        IT IS OUR RESPONSIBILITY TO PROVIDE FOR




THE FULFILLMENT OF THE PRESENT AND FUTURE DEMAND




FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION.  IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS





RESPONSIBILITY, THE DEPARTMENT IS PRESENTLY CON-





DUCTING A COMPREHENSIVE OUTDOOR RECREATION STUDY




FOR THE TEXAS GULF COAST.  THIS STUDY WILL DETER-




MINE THE TYPE, NUMBER, AND LOCATION OF OUTDOOR




RECREATIONAL FACILITIES ALONG THE TEXAS GULF




COAST; NATURAL RESOURCES MOST DESIRABLE FOR




RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT; DEMAND INTENSITIES,




BOTH PRESENT AND FUTURE; TRENDS IN LAND USE




CHANGES; AND OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL LAND ACQUISI-




TION PRIORITIES.  WE PLAN TO PROVIDE POSSIBLE




SOLUTIONS TO THE OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL PROBLEMS




ON THE TEXAS GULF COAST THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE




TO URBANIZATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION BY PRESENT-




ING ALTERNATIVES TO THE PRESENT DEVELOPMENT




PATTERNS.




        THE STATE OF TEXAS RECOGNIZES THE MANY-





FACETED VALUE OF ITS BAY SYSTEMS.  THE SPORT AND




COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ALONE ARE WORTH ABOUT 190

-------
                                                      184
                MR. TERRANCE LEARY

       MILLION DOLLARS A YEAR.  THE RICH MINERAL DEPOSITS,
       WHICH LIE BENEATH THE BOTTOM, AND THE RENEWABLE
       FISH, SHELLFISH, AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES IN AND
       ON THE WATERS, ARE THE PROPERTY OF THE PEOPLE OF
       TEXAS AND ARE HELD IN TRUST FOR THEM BY THE STATE.
       ARTICLE 4026 OF THE REVISED CIVIL STATUTES OF
       TEXAS ALSO PROVIDES THAT THE TEXAS PARKS AND WILD-
       LIFE COMMISSION SHALL HAVE JURISDICTION OVER AND
       CONTROL OF THE TAKING AND CONSERVATION OF FISH,
       SHELLFISH, SHRIMP, CRABS, AND ALL OTHER KINDS AND
       FORMS OF MARINE LIFE, SAND, GRAVEL, MARL, MUDSHELL,
       AND OTHER KINDS OF SHELL.  ARTICLE 4053 AUTHORIZES
       THE COMMISSION TO REGULATE THE DISTURBANCE OF
       OYSTER BEDS AND FISH INHABITING WATERS.
               OTHER STATE AGENCIES ARE SIMILARLY PRO-
       VIDED WITH JURISDICTION OVER THEIR AREAS OF SPECIAL-
       IZATION, AND ALL EFFORTS ARE COORDINATED THROUGH
       THE PLANNING AGENCY COUNCIL OF TEXAS.  WE, THERE-
       FORE, BELIEVE THAT MANAGEMENT AT THE STATE LEVEL
       WILL PROVIDE THE BEST SYSTEM OF MULTIPLE USE IN
       DEVELOPMENT FOR OUR BAY SYSTEMS.
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MR. LEARY.  WOULD YOU MIND

-------
                                                      185
       PAUSING FOR JUST A MOMENT.
               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS FROM THE PANEL?
       ANY QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE?
               THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
               WE'LL TRY TO GET ONE  MORE SPEAKER ON
       BEFORE WE INTERRUPT THE MEETING FOR LUNCH.
               THE NEXT SPEAKER THAT I WOULD LIKE TO
       HAVE COME FORWARD IS ONE WHO  REPRESENTS THE
       STATE RAILROAD COMMISSIONER,  MR. ROY D. PAYNE.
MR. PAYNE:  THANK YOU,  MR. GALEGAR AND MEMBERS OF THE
       PANEL.  I WOULD HOPE THAT IT'S IN ORDER, MR.
       GALEGAR—AS A VOTING MEMBER OF THE TEXAS WATER
       QUALITY BOARD, I WOULD LIKE TO OFFER MY CONGRATU-
       LATIONS TO COLONEL BENDER FOR A VERY THOROUGH
       AND COMPREHENSIVE STATEMENT RELATIVE TO THE
       STUDY BEING CARRIED OUT ON GALVESTON BAY.  I
       THOUGHT HE DID A VERY GOOD JOB.
               I AM ROY D. PAYNE--
               I HAD BETTER GET MY GLASSES.
               ...AND I SERVE AS DIRECTOR OF FIELD
       OPERATIONS IN THE OIL AND GAS DIVISION OF THE
       RAILROAD COMMISSION OF TEXAS.  IT IS MY PLEASURE

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                                                      186
                 MR. ROY D. PAYNE







       TO APPEAR HERE ON BEHALF OF THE COMMISSION AT




       THE REQUEST OF CHAIRMAN JIM C. LANGDON.




               THE COMMISSION IS AN ELECTED AGENCY THAT




       IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE TO THE PEOPLE OF THE




       STATE, AND IT HAS A GENUINE CONCERN FOR THE PRO-




       TECTION OF TEXAS' WATERS.




               THE LEGISLATURE HAS EXPRESSLY DIRECTED




       THAT THE COMMISSION BE "SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR




       THE CONTROL AND DISPOSITION OF WASTE AND THE




       ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION OF WATER,  BOTH SURFACE




       AND SUBSURFACE, RESULTING FROM ACTIVITIES ASSOCI-




       ATED WITH THE EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT, OR PRODUC-




       TION OF OIL OR GAS."  I HAD OCCASION EARLIER THIS




       YEAR TO PRESENT A STATEMENT TO THE TEXAS WATER




       CONSERVATION ASSOCIATION CONCERNING THE EXTENT OF




       OUR RESPONSIBILITY IN THESE MATTERS AND THE EFFORTS




       BEING MADE BY OUR STAFF TO CARRY  OUT THESE DUTIES.




       I  WILL NOT CONSUME YOUR TIME BY READING THAT STATE-




       MENT, BUT, WITH YOUR LEAVE, I  WOULD LIKE TO IN-




       CLUDE IT AS A PART OF THE RECORD  IN THE PRESENT




       HEARING.




MR. GALEGAR:  THAT'S FINE.

-------
                                                      187
                 MR. ROY D. PAYNE
MR. PAYNE:  PART OF THE LEGISLATIVE PLAN IN SETTING
       UP MACHINERY FOR THE ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION IN
       THIS STATE HAS BEEN TO CONSTITUTE THE ADMINIS-
       TRATIVE VODIES IN A WAY TO INSURE COORDINATION
       OF EFFORT AMONG SEVERAL AGENCIES DEALING WITH
       THE SAME SUBJECT MATTER.  FOR EXAMPLE,  THE STATUTE
       SETTING UP THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD NAMES
       THE CHAIRMAN OF THE RAILROAD COMMISSION AS A MEM-
       BER OF THE WATER QUALITY BOARD.  AT THE CHAIRMAN'S
       DIRECTION, I HAVE BEEN WORKING VERY CLOSELY WITH
       THE STAFF OF THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD.
               IN MY JUNE 26, 1968 STATEMENT,  TO WHICH
       I  JUST REFERRED, I LISTED SOME NINE AREAS IN
       WHICH COMMISSION PERSONNEL ARE REGULARLY DIRECTED
       TO PERFORM IN OUR ANTI-POLLUTION EFFORTS.  ONE
       OF THESE WAS THE DISPOSITION OF SALT WATER INTO
       TIDAL WATERS.  PRIMARILY, WE ARE CONCERNED WITH
       THE SALT WATER WHICH IS PRODUCED WITH THE OIL
       AND GAS.  THIS PAST AUGUST THE WATER QUALITY
       BOARD CALLED A HEARING TO CONSIDER WHAT REGULA-
       TORY PRACTICE SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WITH RESPECT TO
       SALT WATER DISCHARGES FROM LPG STORAGE CAVERNS.

-------
                                                188
          MR. ROY D. PAYNE







SOME QUESTION WAS RAISED AT THAT HEARING AS




TO THE APPROPRIATE AGENCY FOR THE CONTROL OF





DISCHARGES OF THAT SORT.  IN A FORMAL STATEMENT




OF SEPTEMBER 18, 1968, CHAIRMAN LANGDON OF THE




RAILROAD COMMISSION ACKNOWLEDGED THAT SALT WATER





PITS, SALT WATER PRODUCTION, HANDLING, TRANSPOR-




TATION, STORAGE, AND RELEASE OR DISPOSITION




ASSOCIATED WITH L. P. GAS UNDERGROUND CAVERN




STORAGE OPERATIONS IS UNDER THE REGULATORY CON-




TROL OF THE RAILROAD COMMISSION OF TEXAS AND IT




WOULD PURSUE ITS STATUTORY DUTY TO REGULATE SUCH'





DISCHARGES.




        WE HAVE A STAFF OF COMPETENT PEOPLE, WELL




ACQUAINTED WITH EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION PRO-




CESSES OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY, AND WE ARE CON-




FIDENT THAT OUR STAFF CAN DO AN EFFECTIVE JOB




OF POLICING THESE OPERATIONS AND ENFORCING THE




APPLICABLE LAWS AND REGULATIONS.




        THE RAILROAD COMMISSION HAS AND USES A




VERY EFFECTIVE MEANS OF ENFORCING ITS REGULATIONS,




THE LEGISLATURE HAS GIVEN THE COMMISSION THE





POWER OF ENFORCEMENT BY PIPELINE SEVERANCE.

-------
                                               189
          MR. ROY D. PAYNE







THERE IS A STATUTORY LIMITATION ON WHAT THE




RAILROAD COMMISSION CAN PERMIT IN REGARD TO SALT




WATER DISCHARGES.  THE STATUTE EXPRESSLY SAYS




THAT THE COMMISSION IS NOT TO PERMIT DISCHARGES




WHICH WILL RESULT IN VIOLATION OF THE WATER




QUALITY STANDARDS ESTABLISHED BY THE TEXAS WATER




QUALITY BOARD.  THIS IS THE AREA WHERE WE MUST




LOOK TO THE EXPERTS IN THE WATER QUALITY BOARD




TO FURNISH US WITH THE BASIC DATA AND THE SCIEN-




TIFIC SUPPORT WHICH WILL ENABLE THE COMMISSION TO




DETERMINE WHETHER ANY VIOLATION OF SUCH STANDARDS





HAS OCCURRED OR IS LIKELY TO OCCUR AS A RESULT OF




SALT WATER DISCHARGES FROM AND OIL AND GAS OPER-




ATIONS.




        THE RAILROAD COMMISSION HAS A LONG HISTORY




OF HEARING FACTS AND CONTENTIONS AND OF RESOLV-




ING DIFFERENCES BY THE ISSUANCE OF ORDERS.  WE




HAVE FOUND FROM EXPERIENCE THAT WE CAN ONLY




ENFORCE VALID ORDERS, AND THAT TO BE VALID, THESE




ORDERS MUST BE SUPPORTED BY SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE.





FROM WHAT WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO LEARN THUS FAR,




THERE IS A VITAL NEED FOR MORE INFORMATION AND

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                                               190
          MR. ROY D. PAYNE







MORE STUDIES CONCERNING THE PROBLEMS OF THE




BAYS AND ESTUARIES AND THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS




OF VARIOUS ACTIVITIES IN THE ESTUARINE ZONES.




THERE IS A NEED FOR MONEY TO CARRY OUT THESE




ESTUARINE STUDIES OVER A WIDE RANGE AND OVER A




CONSIDERABLE PERIOD OF TIME.




        LAST SPRING, WE CALLED ON EVERY PRODUCER




IN THE STATE TO PROVIDE FIGURES ON BARRELS OF




SALT WATER PRODUCED AND METHOD OF DISPOSITION.




THE RESULTS OF THIS SURVEY ARE NOW BEING COMPILED




THROUGH THE COOPERATIVE EFFORTS OF THE TEXAS





WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD.  WE HOPE THAT THIS IN-





VENTORY WILL HELP US TO IDENTIFY OUR PROBLEMS AND




PROVIDE EFFECTIVE APPROACHES TO THEIR SOLUTION.




DIRECTLY RELATED TO YOUR QUERIES AT THIS HEARING,




IT IS OUR HOPE THAT WE COULD PROVIDE A TABULATION




OF WATER VOLUMES AND AREAS OF DISCHARGE ALONG




THE ENTIRE TEXAS COAST.




        IT IS THE POSITION OF THE RAILROAD COM-





MISSION THAT THE AVAILABILITY OF THIS ADDITIONAL




BASIC INFORMATION WILL PROVIDE ALL OF US WITH





BETTER TOOLS FOR CARRYING OUT OUR STATUTORY DUTIES,

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                                                       191
                 MR. ROY D. PAYNE







       IT IS ALSO THE POSITION OF THE COMMISSION THAT




       THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS FOR BALANCING THE




       EQUITIES OF THE MANY SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INTER-




       ESTS INVOLVED IS A FUNCTION WHICH SHOULD BE PRE-




       SERVED AT THE STATE AND LOCAL LEVEL.




               THANK YOU, GENTLEMEN, FOR THE PRIVILEGE




       OF APPEARING HERE.




MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU VERY MUCH, ROY.




               WOULD YOU MIND PAUSING JUST FOR A MOMENT




       TO SEE IF THERE ARE SOME QUESTIONS FROM THE MEM-




       BERS OF THE STAFF?




MR. YANTIS:  I HAVE NO QUESTIONS.




MR. GALEGAR:  ROY, THERE is ONE QUESTION i WOULD LIKE TO




       ASK AND I THINK YOU TOUCHED ON THIS, BUT I AM




       NOT SURE THAT IT CAME THROUGH OR I UNDERSTOOD IT




       CORRECTLY:




               ON YOUR CONTROL OF OIL PRODUCTION IN THE




       SO-CALLED ESTUARINE AREAS OR OFFSHORE FROM THE




       LAND AREAS, DID YOU INDICATE THAT YOUR CONTROL




       EXISTED ONLY IN THE TIDAL AREA OR DID I MISUNDER-




       STAND?




MR. PAYNE:  TIDAL AREAS AND THE BAYS AND TIDAL ESTUARIES,

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                                                      192
MR. YANTIS:  DOES IT EXTEND SEAWARD TO THE EXTENT OF



       TEXAS' JURISDICTION?



MR. PAYNE:  BEG PARDON?



MR. YANTIS:  THE QUESTION is, DOES YOUR JURISDICTION



       AND THE INTEREST IN THE PROGRAM EXTEND SEAWARD



       TO THE EXTENT OF TEXAS' JURISDICTION?  IN OTHER



       WORDS, YOU DON'T OPERATE JUST IN THE BAYS?  DON'T



       YOU ALSO HAVE PROGRAMS GOING OUT EIGHT OR TEN



       MILES, WHEREVER THE TEXAS LIMIT IS?



MR. PAYNE:  YES.  WHEREVER WE CONTROL THE GULF IN OPERA-



       TION OF OIL WELLS, WHICH WOULD BE IN TIDAL WATERS,



MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT,  i THOUGHT WE MIGHT MISINTER-



       PRET YOUR EARLIER REMARKS.  I THOUGHT I WAS COR-



       RECT AND I THOUGHT I UNDERSTOOD THE WAY YOU HAVE



       EXPRESSED IT HERE, BUT IT DOES GO TO THE LIMITS



       OF WHAT WERE DEFINED AS TEXAS' STATE BOUNDARIES,



       WHICH ARE APPARENTLY SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT THAN SOME



       OF THE OTHER STATES?



MR. PAYNE:  YES, SIR.



MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT.  ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS FROM



       THE AUDIENCE?



MR. PAYNE:  THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

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                                                      193
MR. YANTIS:  IT'S NOT IN THE RECORD NOR WAS IT IN THE





       WRITTEN STATEMENT OF OUR AGENCY.  THE SUBMERGED




       LANDS OF TEXAS BELONG TO THE STATE OF TEXAS AND




       I DO NOT KNOW WHETHER THIS IS TRUE IN OTHER STATES




       OR NOT, BUT IT GIVES TEXAS, AS A STATE, AN INTER-





       EST IN WHAT HAPPENS TO THOSE SUBMERGED LANDS AND




       BELOW THEM--A VITAL INTEREST.




               GENERALLY SPEAKING, MOST OF THIS INTEREST




       IS EXPRESSED THROUGH THE COMMISSIONER OF THE




       GENERAL LAND OFFICE, THOUGH OTHER STATE AGENCIES





       ALSO HAVE PROGRAMS.




               ONE FURTHER THING.  SINCE WE ARE IN A




       DIFFERENT PLACE FROM THE HEARING LAST WEEK, I




       HAVE SPOKEN WITH ALL MEMBERS OF THE RAILROAD




       COMMISSION.  THEY ARE QUITE INTERESTED, AS WE




       ARE, IN THE PROBLEM OF OIL SPILLS AT SEA.   AN




       OIL SPILL CAN COME FROM A BROKEN TANKER OR A




       BARGE OR A BROKEN PIPELINE OR EVEN A WILD OIL





       WELL.  EVEN NOW THERE IS A STATE REPRESENTATIVE —





       A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE STATE—I DON'T MEAN A




       MEMBER OF THE LEGISLATURE—IN ROME, ITALY,




       ATTENDING AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE

-------
CONTROL OF OIL SPILLS, SO ANYTHING THAT AFFECTS




THE OIL INDUSTRY IN TEXAS IS OF VITAL INTEREST




TO TEXAS,  SINCE IT'S ONE OF OUR BIGGEST INDUS-




TRIES.





        STATEMENT BEFORE THE TEXAS WATER CONSER-




VATION ASSOCIATION SUBCOMMITTEE BY ROY D. PAYNE,




DIRECTOR OF FIELD OPERATIONS, OIL AND GAS DIVI-




SION, RAILROAD COMMISSION OF TEXAS, JUNE 26,




1968:




        IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY DIRECT INFORMATION




BY THE COMMISSION AS TO THE BACKGROUND OF THIS




COMMITTEE'S STUDY AT THIS TIME TO "REVIEW THE




PRESENT DIVISION OF AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY




BETWEEN THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD AND THE




OTHER STATE AGENCIES" AND "THE NECESSITY AND




DESIRABILITY OF ESTABLISHING ALL RESPONSIBILITY




FOR WATER QUALITY CONTROL WITHIN ONE AGENCY,"




IT SEEMS THAT OUR MAJOR CONTRIBUTION CAN BE MADE




IN EVALUATION OF THE OVERALL EXPERIENCES OF





RECENT MONTHS AND DRAWING SOME CONCLUSIONS FROM





THEM.  TO DO THIS WE HAVE DIRECTED OUR APPRAISAL




NOT SO MUCH TOWARD GRANTS OF AUTHORITY BUT TOWARD

-------
                                               195
PERFECTION OF THE TASK WHICH THE RECENT LEGIS-




LATURE HAS GIVEN TO US TO DO; NAMELY, THE PRO-




TECTION OF WATERS IN THE STATE.




        ACTING ON THE BASIS OF THOROUGH STUDIES




OF TEXAS REGULATORY LEGISLATION AND THE EXPERI-





ENCE OF PREVIOUS YEARS, THE LEGISLATURE DIRECTED




THE TEXAS RAILROAD COMMISSION TO BE "SOLELY




RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CONTROL AND DISPOSITION OF




WASTE AND THE ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION OF WATER,




BOTH SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE, RESULTING FROM ACTIVI-





TIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT




OR PRODUCTION OF OIL OR GAS.11  BOTH THE LEGISLA-




TURE AND THE COMMISSION "EACH BEING RESPONSIBLE




TO THE ELECTORATE" HAVE UNDERWRITTEN FUNDS, MAN-




POWER, AND ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY FOR CARRYING OUT




THIS MANDATE.




        THE COMMISSION RECOGNIZES THE VERY BROAD




AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY GIVEN IT BY THE LEGISLATURE,




WE BELIEVE THIS WAS DELIBERATELY DONE TO PREVENT





DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATORY GAPS OR SO-CALLED





"GRAY AREAS" OF REGULATION WHICH SOMETIMES OCCUR




IN ATTEMPTING TO BE TOO SPECIFIC.  STATED IN

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                                               196
TERMS OF WELL KNOWN FUNCTIONS IN THIS HIGHLY




REGULATED INDUSTRY, SUCH BROAD RESPONSIBILITY




COULD ENCOMPASS EVERYTHING FROM THE DRILLING OF




A WELL TO DELIVERY OF OIL FROM THE WELLHEAD ON





THE LEASE TO THE REFINERY.





        RECOGNIZING THE NECESSARY LIMITATIONS




OF FUNDS AND MANPOWER, THE COMMISSION HAS GIVEN




PRIORITY TO THE SOURCES OF POLLUTION WHICH APPEAR




TO POSE THE GREATEST AND MOST IMMEDIATE DANGER




TO WATER SUPPLIES IN TEXAS.  CONSEQUENTLY, THE




COMMISSION SET OUT TO ABOLISH SALT WATER PITS





FOR THE DISPOSAL OF OIL FIELD BRINES.  ON APRIL




3, 1967, SPECIAL ORDER NO. 20-56,841 WAS ADOPTED




AMENDING STATEWIDE RULE 8 OF THE GENERAL CONSER-




VATION RULES OF STATEWIDE APPLICATION PROHIBIT-




ING THE USE OF SALT WATER DISPOSAL PITS IN ALL




AREAS OF THE STATE FOR STORAGE AND EVAPORATION




OF OIL FIELD BRINES.  THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS





ORDER IS JANUARY 1, 1969.  PRIOR TO THE ISSUANCE




OF THIS ORDER THE COMMISSION, AFTER NOTICE AND




HEARING, HAD ISSUED NO-PIT ORDERS IN 51 COUNTIES




WHERE EVIDENCE INDICATED LEAKING PITS TO BE THE

-------
                                               197
SOURCE OF POLLUTION OR THAT POLLUTION WAS IMMIN-




ENT FROM THE USE OF SUCH PITS.




        ARMED WITH STATE FUNDS APPROPRIATED BY




THE 59TH AND GOTH LEGISLATURES, AND THE STATUTE





ENACTED BY THE 59TH LEGISLATURE AUTHORIZING THE





PLUGGING OF ABANDONED WELLS, THE COMMISSION




PLUGGED A TOTAL OF 173 WELLS SINCE SEPTEMBER 1,




1965, AT A COST TO THE STATE OF $150,709.05.




IN ADDITION, MONIES WERE CONTRIBUTED BY OIL





OPERATORS, LANDOWNERS, AND WATER DISTRICTS IN




THE AMOUNT OF $72,3^1.78 TOWARD THE TOTAL COST




OF PLUGGING THESE WELLS.  THESE TWO FIGURES TOTAL




$223,050.83, OR AN AVERAGE COST OF $1,289.31 PER




WELL.  CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PRIVATE SOURCES UNDER




SECTION 10 OF ARTICLE 6005 TOWARD THE COST OF




PLUGGING THESE ABANDONED OR LOST IDENTITY WELLS




IS 32.4 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL COST.




        THE COMMISSION HAS TIGHTENED UP ON REQUIRE-




MENTS FOR CASING PROGRAMS, CEMENTING AND PLUGGING





PROCEDURES, AND TAKEN OTHER STEPS NECESSARY FOR





THE PROTECTION OF FRESH WATER BEARING STRATA.




THE INSPECTION PROCEDURES HAVE BEEN INCREASED

-------
                                               198
GREATLY.  DURING THE YEAR OF 1967, COMMISSION




PERSONNEL WITNESSED THE PLUGGING OF 88.7 PER-




CENT OF A TOTAL OF 9,503 WELLS PLUGGED.  FROM




JANUARY THROUGH MAY, 1968, COMMISSION PERSONNEL




WITNESSED THE PLUGGING OF 93.9 PERCENT OF A TOTAL




OF 4,077 WELLS PLUGGED.




        THE EMPHASIS THE COMMISSION HAS PLACED




ON POLLUTION CONTROL IS INDICATED BY A RECENT




STUDY OF MANPOWER USE WHICH SHOWS FROM JANUARY,




1967, THROUGH MAY, 1968, 70.5 PERCENT OF FIELD




PERSONNEL TIME HAS BEEN EXPENDED FOR THIS PUR-




POSE.  BY GIVING PRIORITY TO THE MOST PRESSING




POLLUTION THREATS, WE HAVE SOUGHT TO PREVENT




ADMINISTRATIVE INDIGESTION THAT WOULD DEVELOP




FROM TRYING TO DO EVERYTHING, FOR EVERYBODY,




EVERYWHERE AT ONE TIME.




        AREAS IN WHICH COMMISSION PERSONNEL ARE




REGULARLY DIRECTED TO PERFORM IN OUR ANTI-




POLLUTION EFFORTS INCLUDE:




        CA)  DRILLING,




        CB)  PRODUCTION,




        CO  SECONDARY RECOVERY OPERATIONS,

-------
                                                199
             (INCLUDING JUDGMENT AS TO USE OF




             FRESH WATER IN WATERFLOODS),




        CD)  WATER INJECTION PROJECTS,




        CE)  PLUGGING OF DRY AND ABANDONED WELLS,




        CF)  DISPOSITION OF EFFLUENTS FROM GAS




             PROCESSING PLANTS,




        (G)  SUPERVISION AND RESTORATION OF SER-




             VICE AND CLEAN-UP INCIDENT TO PIPE-




             LINE BREAKS,





        (H)  DISPOSITION OF SALT WATER INTO TIDAL




             WATERS,




        CO  LICENSING AND REGULATION OF SALT




             WATER HAULERS.




        YOU WILL RECOGNIZE IN SUCH A MASSIVE




PROGRAM INVOLVING MORE THAN 200,000 WELLS IN SOME




8,000 FIELDS, OPERATED BY MORE THAN 6,000 SEPAR-




ATE FIRMS, WE MUST BE INVOLVED IN A RATHER FAR-




REACHING EDUCATIONAL PROCESS FOR INDIVIDUALS IN




PUBLIC AGENCIES AND AT ALL LEVELS OF THE PETRO-





LEUM INDUSTRY.  IN THE VAST MAJORITY OF CASES





WE HAVE HAD EXCELLENT COOPERATION FROM PEOPLE IN




THE INDUSTRY AT BOTH FIELD AND EXECUTIVE LEVELS.




WE ARE CURRENTLY MAKING A NEW SURVEY WHICH WE

-------
                                               200
BELIEVE WILL REFLECT THE PROGRESS WHICH HAS




BEEN MADE TOWARD DISPOSITION OF OIL FIELD BRINES




AND WE WILL SEE THAT ALL MEMBERS OF THIS COMMITTEE




ARE PROVIDED COPIES AS SOON AS THEY ARE AVAIL-





ABLE.  WE FEEL AT THIS TIME THAT AUTHORITY FOR




THIS PHASE OF THE TEXAS PROGRAM TO PROTECT FRESH




WATERS IS CORRECTLY VESTED IN THE RAILROAD COM-





MISSION WHICH IS ALREADY ENGAGED IN REGULATING




EVERY STEP OF INDUSTRY OPERATIONS.  WE HAVE COM-




PETENT AND KNOWLEDGEABLE PEOPLE ALWAYS ON THE




GROUND IN THE AREAS WHERE POLLUTION FROM THIS





SOURCE IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR.




        WE BELIEVE THOSE WHO HAVE AS THEIR PRI-




MARY GOAL THE PROTECTION OF TEXAS WATERS WILL




FIND THAT THE COMMISSION OFFERS THE MOST FEASIBLE




AND ECONOMICAL MECHANISM TO ACCOMPLISH THIS PUR-




POSE.  THOSE WHO ARE BEING REGULATED TO THIS




END ARE PRETTY WELL INDOCTRINATED AS TO THE





GOALS AND PROCEDURES.  IN OUR OPINION IT WOULD




BE A TRAGIC MISTAKE TO CHANGE SIGNALS AT THIS




STAGE AND ADD NEW LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CON-




FUSION TO THE PROBLEM WHICH IS ALREADY LARGE

-------
                                                      201
       ENOUGH.  IF AN OCCASIONAL INCIDENT OR SHORTCOM-
       ING LEADS SOME PEOPLE TO BELIEVE THERE IS A
       REGULATORY GAP WE FEEL THAT THIS IS A PROBLEM
       THAT CAN BE SOLVED WITH MORE ATTENTION TO COM-
       MUNICATION WITHIN THE INDUSTRY, AMONG VARIOUS
       STATE AGENCIES AND WITH THE GENERAL PUBLIC.  WE
       QUESTION THE NEED FOR RE-STRUCTURING THE GOVERN-
       MENTAL MACHINERY WHICH WAS SET UP ONLY A FEW
       MONTHS AGO.  THE ARRANGEMENT OF HAVING THE CHAIR-
       MAN OF THE COMMISSION AS A MEMBER OF THE TEXAS
       WATER QUALITY BOARD PROVIDES ADEQUATE COORDINA-
       TION BETWEEN THE WATER QUALITY BOARD AND THE COM-
       MISSION.  THE COMMISSION IS CURRENTLY ENGAGED IN
       AN EFFORT TO BETTER INFORM THE OPERATING PERSON-
       NEL AS TO OUR OVERALL GOALS, PROCEDURES AND
       IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES.
MR. GALEGAR:  WE WILL INTERRUPT THIS PUBLIC MEETING AT
       THIS TIME AND RECONVENE AT 1:30, BUT BEFORE WE
       LEAVE HERE, I WOULD LIKE TO MAKE TWO ANNOUNCE-
       MENTS, ONE PERTAINS TO THE MEETING ITSELF.  THE
       RECORD WHICH WE ARE PRODUCING HERE WILL BE HELD
       OPEN FOR 15 DAYS FOR THE SUBMITTAL OF EITHER

-------
                                                       202
       ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, THOSE OF YOU WHO WISH




       TO PRESENT--OR TO PRESENT WRITTEN  STATEMENTS




       BY THOSE OF YOU WHO DO NOT WANT TO PARTICIPATE




       THIS MORNING BUT DO WANT TO PARTICIPATE IN THESE




       PROCEEDINGS—IF YOU WOULD AND YOU  WANT TO SUBMIT





       THAT STATEMENT, SUBMIT IT TO ME, WILLIAM C.




       GALEGAR, AT 1402 ELM STREET, FEDERAL WATER POLLU-




       TION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION, DALLAS, TEXAS, ZIP




       CODE 75202.





               THOSE OF YOU WHO DID NOT GET THE ADDRESS,




       WE WILL PUT IT OVER HERE.  WE IN TURN WILL REPRO-




       DUCE ALL THE INFORMATION SUBMITTED AND IT BECOMES




       A PART OF THE PACKAGE THE STATE AND THE FEDERAL




       GOVERNMENT WILL HAVE AVAILABLE.




MR. YANTIS:  I NOTICE THERE ARE SEVERAL PERSONS HERE




       WHO ARE JUST REPRESENTATIVES THEMSELVES OF THE




       GENERAL PUBLIC AND PEOPLE SOMETIMES FIND IT HARD




       TO GET AWAY AND COME TO A HEARING, AND SINCE WE





       ARE ADJOURNING FOR LUNCH, I WOULD  LIKE TO KNOW





       IS THERE ANYONE HERE WHO WANTS TO  SPEAK OR ASK




       A QUESTION WHO CANNOT BE BACK AFTER LUNCH?  IF





       IT'S IMPORTANT THAT YOU BE HEARD,  I THINK PERHAPS

-------
                                                      203
       WE CAN DO IT BEFORE LUNCH, EVEN THOUGH WE DO
       PLAN TO ADJOURN, SO IF THERE'S ANYONE HERE WHO
       CANNOT COME BACK AFTER LUNCH, PLEASE SAY SO.
MR. GALEGAR:  ONE RIGHT HERE.
MR. ATKINSON:  ALBERT B. ATKINSON, SAN LEON CHAMBER OF
       COMMERCE.  WE PUT OUT THIS STATEMENT.  I CAN'T
       COME BACK.  WHERE SHOULD I LEAVE THIS?
MR. GALEGAR:  WOULD YOU TURN THAT IN TO OUR REPORTERS,
       SIR, IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO MAKE ANY COMMENT AT
       THIS TIME, OR ANY QUESTIONS.
MR. ATKINSON:  THANK YOU.
               THE SAN LEON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE IS
       INTERESTED IN THE POLLUTING OF OUR BAY BY PASSING
       SHIPS, IT IS INTERESTED IN THE POLLUTING OF THESE
       WATERS BY OUR BIG NEIGHBOR, HOUSTON, THROUGH THE
       SHIP CHANNEL, IT IS WORRIED ABOUT A NEW CHANNEL
       IN MOSES LAKE TO A NEW CHEMICAL PLANT.  IF THIS
       CHANNEL IS TO BE USED TO POUR REFUSE INTO THIS
       ESTUARY, WHICH IS KNOWN FOR ITS GREAT CONTRIBU-
       TION TO THE SHRIMP INDUSTRY, IT IS DEEPLY CON-
       CERNED ABOUT POLLUTION IN THESE WATERS SURROUND-
       ING US, GALVESTON BAY, MOSES LAKE, DICKINSON BAY

-------
                                                      204
              MR. ALBERT B. ATKINSON

       AND BAYOU, KILLING OFF ALL OF CJR OYSTER BEDS;
       IT IS CONCERNED ABOUT POLLUTION POURED INTO THE
       BAY BY DISTURBING AND SCATTERING THE MUD AROUND
       THE SHELL THAT THEY TAKE FROM THESE WATERS BY
       THE SHELL DREDGERS, IT IS CONCERNED ABOUT THE
       RECREATIONAL VALUE BEING DIMINISHED TO ZERO BY
       THE GREAT POLLUTION PROBLEM.
               THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF SAN LEON IS
       ALSO CONCERNED ABOUT THE DEGREE OF POLLUTION
       KNOWN AT THIS TIME FROM THE PASSING SHIPS, FROM
       SEWAGE AND FROM INSECTICIDES  AND DETERGENTS.
               THE VALUE OF THESE ESTUARIES IS SUPREME,
       BECAUSE ONLY THROUGH THEM DO  WE GET THE REAL
       USE OF THESE WATERS, AND MUCH MARINE LIFE AS
       MENTIONED ABOVE.  AND, THE BEST USE OF THESE
       ESTUARIES CAN BE HAD BY KEEPING THEM CLEAN AND
       FILLED WITH WATERS PURE ENOUGH FOR MARINE LIFE
       TO LIVE AND MORE IMPORTANT, TO BE HATCHED THEREIN,
               THE LOCAL CHAMBER OF  COMMERCE FEELS THAT
       A STATE SYSTEM OF CONTROL WOULD BE BETTER IN THE
       SOLUTION OF THIS POLLUTION.
MR. GALEGAR:  VERY WELL, WE'LL INTERRUPT THE MEETING

-------
                                               205
UNTIL 1:30




                  (THE HEARING WAS RECESSED AT




                  11:55 A.M.,  OCTOBER 8, 1968.




                  THE HEARING  RECONVENED AT




                  1:30 PwM., OCTOBER 8,  1968,




                  AT WHICH TIME THE FOLLOWING




                  OCCURRED:)

-------
                                                      206
                 AFTERNOON SESSION
MR. GALEGAR:  CAN WE TAKE OUR SEATS?  WE WILL RECONVENE
       THE MEETING.
               THERE ARE A COUPLE OF INDIVIDUALS WHO
       HAVE JOINED US THAT WE WOULD LIKE TO INTRODUCE
       TO YOU AND TO PERFORM THIS INTRODUCTION I WILL
       ASK MR. HUGH YANTIS TO DO THE HONORS.
MR. YANTIS:  TO BE STRICTLY ACCURATE, ONE OF THE PEOPLE
       WHO HAS JOINED US HAS JOINED US IN SPIRIT ONLY;
       HE IS NOT REALLY HERE.
               I DID SPEAK WITH SENATOR CRISS COLE LAST
       NIGHT FROM HOUSTON.  HE HAD PLANNED TO BE HERE,
       BUT AS AN ATTORNEY, WITH CASES IN COURT,  HE
       SIMPLY COULD NOT COME.  BUT AS CHAIRMAN OF THE
       LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
       HE IS INTENSELY INTERESTED AND IS FOLLOWING THESE
       HEARINGS QUITE CLOSELY.
               THE OTHER PERSON I WANTED TO INTRODUCE,
       STATE REPRESENTATIVE GLENN PURCELL FROM HOUSTON,
       WHO WAS FORMERLY THE MANAGER OF THE TEXAS AIR
       AND WATER RESOURCES FOUNDATION, WHICH IS A WATER
       POLLUTION CONTROL AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
       ASSOCIATION IN HOUSTON.  AND REPRESENTATIVE

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                                                      207
       PURCELL WILL, OF COURSE, BE A MEMBER OF THE TEXAS
       LEGISLATURE AND I HOPE HIS INTEREST IN THIS LINE
       OF WORK WILL CONTINUE.
               GLENN, WILL YOU STAND UP?
               AND HE IS ALSO A FORMER INDUSTRIAL PLANT
       MANAGER.
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, HUGH.
               THE FIRST SPEAKER FOR THIS AFTERNOON'S
       MEETING IS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TEXAS WATER
       DEVELOPMENT BOARD, ONE THAT MANY OF YOU KNOW,
       MR. JERRY THORNHILL.
               JERRY, WILL YOU AT THIS TIME?
MR. THORNHILL:  THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN, MEMBERS OF THE
       PANEL.  I WILL READ A STATEMENT OF THE TEXAS
       WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD TO THE BAY AND ESTUARY
       HEARINGS.
               THE TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD IS THE
       STATE AGENCY CHARGED BY STATUTE WITH THE PREPARA-
       TION, DEVELOPMENT, AND FORMULATION OF A COMPRE-
       HENSIVE STATE WATER PLAN FOR THE STATE OF TEXAS.
       THE STATUTE FURTHER PROVIDES THAT AMONG OTHER
       CONSIDERATIONS IN PREPARATION OF ITS PLAN, THE

-------
                                               208
         MR. JERRY THORNHILL







BOARD SHALL GIVE CONSIDERATION TO THE EFFECT OF




UPSTREAM DEVELOPMENT UPON THE BAYS, ESTUARIES, AND




ARMS OF THE GULF OF MEXICO.  THE BOARD IS KEENLY




INTERESTED IN EVENTS AND ACTIONS WHICH RELATE




TO THIS IMPORTANT SUBJECT AND THEREFORE SINCERELY





APPRECIATES THE OPPORTUNITY TO COMMENT ON ITS





ACTIVITIES RELATING TO BAYS AND ESTUARIES.




        A REPORT ON A PLAN FOR FULL DEVELOPMENT




OF TEXAS' WATER RESOURCES, WHICH HAS BEEN IN




PREPARATION BY THE BOARD AND IS NOW NEARING COM-




PLETION, PROPOSES THE ALLOCATION OF WATER TO




ASSIST IN MAINTAINING INFLOWS NEEDED FOR PRESER-




VATION OF THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES.  INSOFAR AS




POSSIBLE, THESE FRESH-WATER INFLOWS MUST BE MAIN-




TAINED AT A LEVEL TO ASSURE OPTIMUM SALINITY GRADI-




ENTS FOR THE PRESERVATION AND PROPOGATION OF




MARINE LIFE AND FOR THE CONTINUED ENHANCEMENT OF





COMMERCIAL AND SPORTS FISHERIES.  IT IS RECOGNIZED





THAT INCREASED RETURN FLOWS AND MAJOR MODIFICA-




TION OF THE FLOW OF RIVERS COULD GREATLY AFFECT





THE QUALITY OF WATER IN THE BAY SYSTEMS.  THERE-




FORE, QUALITY CRITERIA FOR THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES

-------
                                                209
         MR. JERRY THORNHILL







CANNOT BE PREDICATED UPON MAINTAINING HISTORICAL




VOLUMES OF FLOW.  SUCH AN APPROACH WOULD PRECLUDE





UPSTREAM DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACE-WATER RESOURCES.




TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE SUBJECT,




THE BOARD AUTHORIZED AND FINANCED STUDIES OF THE




IMPACT OF RETURN FLOWS ON THE TEXAS BAY SYSTEMS




AND POSSIBLE STRUCTURAL, HYDRAULIC, AND OPERAT-




ING MODIFICATIONS OF THE SYSTEMS.




        A REPORT TITLED, "RETURN FLOWS, IMPACT




ON TEXAS BAY SYSTEMS," PREPARED FOR THE BOARD




BY BRYANT-CURINGTON, INCORPORATED, INDICATED




THE RESULTS OF A STUDY DESIGNED TO COLLECT AVAIL-




ABLE DATA AND TO DESCRIBE THE GENERAL ECOLOGY




OF THE BAYS, DEVELOP A MODE OF WASTE-WATER,  ESTI-




MATION, AND PROJECT RETURN FLOWS TO EACH BAY




SYSTEM.  WITHIN THE AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA,




ESTIMATES WERE PREPARED ON BOTH THE PHYSICAL




EXCHANGE AND BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION WHICH MAY





OCCUR AS THE DILUTED WASTE WATERS ARE TRANSPORTED




INTO THE BAYS.  ATTENTION WAS ALSO DIRECTED TO




THE FRESH-WATER INFLOWS NECESSARY FOR EACH OF





THE MAJOR BAYS AND ESTUARIES TO PRESERVE THE

-------
                                               210
         MR. JERRY THORNHILL







EXISTING FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES AND THE




FRESH-WATER INFLOWS NECESSARY TO PREVENT THE





DEVELOPMENT OF NUISANCE CONDITIONS UNDER PRESENT




AND ANTICIPATED CONDITIONS.





        A REPORT TITLED, "WATER FOR PRESERVATION




OF BAYS AND ESTUARIES", PREPARED FOR THE BOARD




BY LOCKWOOD, ANDREWS AND NEWNAM, INCORPORATED,




FORECASTED AN AMOUNT OF FRESH WATER NEEDED  IN SIX




BAYS AND ESTUARIES TO MAINTAIN THEM FOR RECREA-




TION AND FISH SPAWNING.  THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES




STUDIED WERE GALVESTON BAY, MATAGORDA BAY,  SAN




ANTONIO BAY, ARANSAS BAY, CORPUS CHRISTI BAY,




BAFFIN BAY, AND UPPER LACUNA MADRE.  THE ESTIMATE





OF NECESSARY FRESH-WATER INFLOWS WAS BASED  ON




THE CONCEPT OF MAKING MAXIMUM USE OF GULF WATER




TO MINIMIZE THE FRESH-WATER NEEDS.  ALSO "FRESH




WATER" COULD INCLUDE RETURN FLOWS PROPERLY




TREATED TO MEET THE PECULIAR REQUIREMENTS OF THE





ESTUARY.





        BASIC DATA PROGRAMS TO OBTAIN INFORMA-




TION ON STREAM DISCHARGE, CHEMICAL QUALITY, WATER





TEMPERATURE, AND SEDIMENT LOADS HAVE BEEN CARRIED

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                                               211
         MR. JERRY THORNHILL







ON BY THE WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD AND PREDECES-





SOR AGENCIES FOR MANY YEARS.  IN ADDITION, THE





BOARD HAS MADE RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL STUDIES OF





THE MAGNITUDE OF HISTORIC AND PROJECTED FRESH-




WATER INFLOWS TO THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES.  THESE





DETERMINATIONS WILL BE REFINED AS ADDITIONAL





DATA ARE OBTAINED.





        DURING FISCAL YEAR 1968, A DATA COLLEC-




TION PROGRAM WAS DESIGNED TO DEFINE THE QUALITY




AND HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAYS, EX-




CLUSIVE OF GALVESTON BAY, WAS FORMULATED AND





INITIATED UNDER A U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-WATER




DEVELOPMENT BOARD COOPERATIVE PROGRAM.  THE BAYS





AND ESTUARIES TO BE STUDIED, IN THE ORDER OF




PRIORITY INCLUDE:  MATAGORDA BAY, SAN ANTONIO,




SABINE LAKE, EAST MATAGORDA BAY, CORPUS CHRISTI,




COLORADO ESTUARY, BRAZOS ESTUARY, AND LAGUNA




MADRE-BAFFIN BAY.




        DURING THIS FISCAL YEAR DATA WILL CONTINUE




TO BE COLLECTED AND AN EXTENSIVE EVALUATION OF




THE DATA ALREADY COLLECTED WILL BE COMMENCED AS





A PART OF THE BOARD-SURVEY PROGRAM.

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                                                      212
               MR. JERRY THORNHILL

               CONTINUED PLANNING AMD COORDINATION OF
       DATA ACQUISITION PROGRAMS BY THE SEVERAL STATE
       AGENCIES WILL PROVIDE DETAILED INFORMATION
       NEEDED AT THE PROPER TIMES FOR PERIODIC EVALUA-
       TION OF WATER QUALITY OF THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES,
       AND FOR NECESSARY ADMINISTRATIVE DETERMINATIONS
       REGARDING NEEDED FRESH-WATER INFLOWS.
               THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT
       THIS STATEMENT, MR. CHAIRMAN.
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MR. THORNHILL.
               WOULD YOU WAIT JUST A MOMENT?
               DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS?  ARE THERE ANY
       QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE?
               THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
MR. THORNHILL:  THANK YOU.
MR. GALEGAR:  THE NEXT SPEAKER is THE MAYOR OF FRIENDS-
       WOOD, MR. RALPH W. SOMERS.
MR. SOMERS:  THANK YOU, MR. GALEGAR, FOR GIVING ME
       THE OPPORTUNITY TO SPEAK WITH YOU HERE.
               MY NAME IS RALPH SOMERS, MAYOR OF THE
       CITY OF FRIENDSWOOD.  I AM SPEAKING FOR THAT
       COMMUNITY.  JUDGING FROM THE INVITATION RECEIVED

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                                               213
        MAYOR RALPH W. SOMERS







TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS HEARING, IT APPEARS THAT




WE ARE HERE TO CONSIDER THE CURRENT CONDITION




OF ESTUARINE AREAS AS REGARDS POLLUTION AND





PERHAPS WHAT WE ARE TO DO ABOUT THE SITUATION.




IF I MAY, I WILL COMINGLE ESTUARIES WITH BAYS.





I SAY THIS BECAUSE MY KNOWLEDGE AND CURRENT




INTEREST IS CONCERNED WITH THE TWO - ONE RELATED





TO THE OTHER.  I SPEAK PARTICULARLY OF GALVESTON





BAY, CLEAR LAKE AND THE HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL.





        YOU HAVE SUGGESTED THAT WE PRESENT OUR




VIEWS ON THE VALUES OF THESE BODIES OF WATER,





THEIR CURRENT CONDITION, AND THEIR FUTURE.   IT




APPEARS TO ME THAT THEIR VALUE IS SELF EVIDENT.




FROM THE REPORTS WE GET, THE DEGREE OF DAMAGE TO




THE AREAS DUE TO POLLUTION VARIES.  CERTAINLY




SOME DAMAGE HAS OCCURRED.  I DO NOT FEEL QUALI-




FIED TO COMMENT ON THE EXTENT OF THIS DAMAGE.




I WOULD, HOWEVER, STATE THAT ACTION IS NEEDED TO





ASSURE THAT THESE BODIES OF WATER BE PRESERVED





FOR USE BY THE GENERAL PUBLIC FOR RECREATIONAL,




INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL USES.  IT IS THE COURSE





OF ACTION WE SHOULD BE CONCERNED ABOUT.

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        MAYOR RALPH W. SOMERS







        TO PROPERLY MANAGE A PROGRAM DESIGNED




TO PROVIDE CLEAN WATER IN THE SUBJECT BAYS AND





LAKES, WE MUST HAVE SOUND INFORMATION AS TO





WHAT IS REQUIRED.  THIS INFORMATION CAN ONLY BE





PROVIDED BY A THOROUGH SCIENTIFIC STUDY.  I





BELIEVE VERY STRONGLY, THAT SUCH PROGRAMS AS




THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY ARE THE ONLY POSITIVE




MEANS OF ATTAINING THE DESIRED OBJECTIVE OF CLEAN





WATER IN A REASONABLE LENGTH OF TIME AT A REASON-





ABLE COST TO THE COMMUNITY.




        I AM A MEMBER OF THE POLICY ADVISORY





COUNCIL TO THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY REPRESENTING




COUNTY JUDGE RAY HOLBROOK.  THIS GROUP IS COM-




PRISED OF A CROSS SECTION OF THE COMMUNITY -




GOVERNMENTAL, INDUSTRIAL, CONSERVATIONIST,




ENGINEERING.  THEY ALL SHARE A COMMON GOAL - TO




SEE A SOUND, WELL-DESIGNED PROGRAM THAT WILL




ACCURATELY DEFINE THE PROBLEMS AND WHAT MUST BE





DONE TO CORRECT THEM.  ONCE THIS GOAL IS ATTAINED,




THE MECHANICS OF EFFECTING THE PROGRAM WILL BE





RELATIVELY SIMPLE.  GOVERNMENTAL BODIES, INDUS-




TRIAL GROUPS AND CONSERVATIONISTS, IN THE MAIN,

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                                                      215
               MAYOR RALPH W. SOMERS
       ALL SHARE A COMMON GOAL IN THIS RESPECT.
               THE FOREGOING GIVES SOME SUBSTANCE TO
       WHAT I BELIEVE THIS BOARD SHOULD CONCLUDE FROM
       ITS HEARINGS.  FIRST, EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS ARE
       NEEDED.  SECONDLY, THESE PROGRAMS MUST HAVE THE
       SUPPORT OF THE FEDERAL, STATE, COUNTY AND CITY
       GOVERNMENTAL BODIES AS WELL AS THE INDUSTRIAL
       COMMUNITY.  SUCH PROGRAMS AS THE GALVESTON BAY
       STUDY SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED IN EVERY WAY POSSIBLE,
       THESE ARE SURE TO PROVIDE THE MOST POSITIVE AND
       COMPLETE ANSWER TO A GENERAL PROBLEM.  RESULTS
       OF THESE STUDIES WILL BE READILY ACCEPTED BY
       ALL CLEAR THINKING SEGMENTS OF OUR COMMUNITY.
               THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU.  WILL YOU PAUSE FOR JUST A
       MOMENT, PLEASE?
               DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, ANY FROM THE
       AUDIENCE?
MR. WHITWORTH:  MR. GALEGAR, MR. YANTIS, MEMBERS OF THE
       PANEL.  MY NAME IS HARRY WHITWORTH, AND I AM
       AUSTIN COUNSEL FOR THE TEXAS CHEMICAL COUNCIL,
       AN ASSOCIATION OF 53 CHEMICAL COMPANIES WHICH

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                                               216
        MR. HARRY P. WHITWORTH







OPERATE MORE THAN 70 CHEMICAL PLANTS WITHIN





THE STATE OF TEXAS.  OUR ASSOCIATION REPRESENTS




MORE THAN 90% OF AN INDUSTRY WHICH PROVIDES JOBS




FOR MORE THAN 60,000 EMPLOYEES AND PROVIDES A




PAYROLL OF MORE THAN $400 MILLION PER YEAR.




TEXAS RANKS SECOND THROUGHOUT THE NATION AS A




CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING STATE, AND OUR INDUSTRY




CONTINUES A VIGOROUS RATE OF EXPANSION AND GROWTH.




THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY HAS PLAYED, AND WILL CON-




TINUE TO PLAY,  A MAJOR ROLE IN KEEPING THE TEXAS




ECONOMY HEALTHY THROUGH PAYROLLS, PRODUCTION,





TAXES, TRANSPORTATION, CONSTRUCTION, AND PURCHAS-





ING POWER.




        AS TO WHY TEXAS CHEMICAL COUNCIL IS VIT-




ALLY INTERESTED IN TEXAS ESTUARIES, LET ME STATE




THAT ABOUT 90% OF THE CHEMICAL PLANTS WE REPRE-




SENT ARE LOCATED ALONG OR NEAR THE TEXAS GULF




COAST, IN AND AROUND ESTUARY AREAS UNDER CON-




SIDERATION BY THIS COMMITTEE.  SUCH CONCENTRATION





OF CHEMICAL PLANTS IN ESTUARY AREAS HAS NOT BEEN




ACCIDENTAL.  THESE PLANTS WERE LOCATED THERE TO





BENEFIT FROM (1) FRESH WATER AVAILABLE FROM

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                                                217
        MR. HARRY P. WHITWORTH







TEXAS RIVERS, AND (2) TRANSPORTATION AVAILABLE




THROUGH THE GULF OF MEXICO.  THESE WERE NOT




THE ONLY CONSIDERATIONS OF SITE SELECTION, BUT




WERE CERTAINLY TWO OF THE MOST IMPORTANT.




        IT IS, OF COURSE, OBVIOUS THAT PRESENT




AND FUTURE USE OF TEXAS ESTUARIES IS OF VITAL




CONCERN TO THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY.  WE BELIEVE





THE VALUE OF AN ESTUARY IS CLOSELY RELATED TO





THE UNDERSTANDING AND FAR-SIGHTEDNESS OF  ITS




MANAGEMENT.  PROPERLY MANAGED, AN ESTUARY CAN




SERVE MANY BENEFICIAL USES—USES RELATED  TO




INDUSTRY, COMMERCE AND TRADE, RECREATION, WATER




DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION, WASTE DISPOSAL,




COMMERCIAL AND PRIVATE FISHING, AS WELL AS




AESTHETIC VALUES INVOLVED.  WE BELIEVE EACH




ESTUARY SHOULD BE TREATED SEPARATELY AS TO MAN-




AGEMENT, AND DETERMINING PRIORITY OF USE.  SOME




ESTUARIES ARE BETTER SUITED, AS A RESULT  OF




GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION, OR AS A RESULT OF  ACCEPTED





OR ANTICIPATED USE, FOR RECREATION; OTHERS FOR




INDUSTRY OR FISHING INTERESTS.  IT WOULD  SEEM





IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE A SINGLE DETERMINATION AS TO

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                                                218
        MR. HARRY P. WHITWORTH







THE BEST USE OF ALL ESTUARIES.  DETERMINATION




OF USE, AND MANAGEMENT, WOULD BE BEST LEFT TO




REGIONAL AND STATE AUTHORITIES, WITH THE FEDERAL




GOVERNMENT SETTING BROAD GUIDELINES AND PROVIDING




VALUABLE ASSISTANCE IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT,




AND CONTINUING STUDIES OF ESTUARY USE.  WE HAVE




A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE THAT THE PEOPLE OF




TEXAS, AND SUCH STATE AGENCIES AS THE TEXAS WATER





DEVELOPMENT BOARD, TEXAS WATER RIGHTS COMMISSION,




AND THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD, CAN AND WILL




MAKE WISE DETERMINATIONS IN THIS MATTER, TAKING





INTO ACCOUNT THE DIVERSE USE AND DIVERSE OPINION.




        YOU SUGGESTED SPECIFICALLY THAT WE ADDRESS




OURSELVES TO THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION IN ESTUARIAL




AREA5.  CERTAINLY POLLUTION CONTROL IS OF PRIMARY




IMPORTANCE TO THIS COMMITTEE, AS IT IS TO ALL




CITIZENS OF TEXAS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF TEXAS




CHEMICAL COMPANIES.  THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY





BELIEVES WHOLEHEARTEDLY IN POLLUTION CONTROL,




BOTH FOR AIR AND WATER, AND HAS SPENT MORE THAN




$100 MILLION TO BUILD PERMANENT POLLUTION CONTROL




FACILITIES AT OUR PLANT LOCATIONS.  THE CHEMICAL

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                                               219
        MR. HARRY P. WHITWORTH







INDUSTRY OF TEXAS BEGAN A PROGRAM OF POLLUTION




CONTROL SEVERAL YEARS BEFORE FEDERAL, STATE, OR




LOCAL LAWS WERE PASSED TO REQUIRE COMPLIANCE.




HOWEVER, DESPITE GIANT STRIDES TOWARD BETTER




CONTROL, WE RECOGNIZE EVEN MUCH MORE MUST BE




ACCOMPLISHED.  WORKING TOWARD SUCH A GOAL, TEXAS




CHEMICAL COUNCIL URGED PASSAGE OF REGULATORY




LAWS FOR BOTH AIR AND WATER POLLUTION, AND HAS




COOPERATED WITH REGULATORY AGENCIES IN GETTING




THESE LAWS ENFORCED.  WE BELIEVE THE TEXAS WATER




QUALITY BOARD HAS DONE AN OUTSTANDING JOB OF




DEVELOPING STANDARDS, ENCOURAGING COMPLIANCE, AND





ENFORCING COMPLIANCE WHERE NECESSARY.  OUR COM-




PANIES HAVE MADE EVERY EFFORT TO MEET THE STAND-




ARDS WHICH HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED.  MEANWHILE, AS




A SUPPLEMENT TO POLLUTION CONTROL, WE ARE CON-




TINUING PROGRAMS FOR WATER CONSERVATION.  AS YOU




PERHAPS KNOW, THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY USES LARGE





QUANTITIES OF WATER (MANY PLANTS IN TEXAS PUMP




AS MUCH WATER EACH DAY AS A CITY OF 200,000




POPULATION).  THROUGH IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY AND





CONCERNED MANAGEMENT, TEXAS CHEMICAL PLANTS TO-

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                                                      220
               MR. HARRY P. WHITWORTH

       DAY REUSE ABOUT 90% OF ALL WATER THEY PUMP.
       OBVIOUSLY, THIS HAS REDUCED CONSIDERABLY OUR
       WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS.
               IN CLOSING, LET ME AGAIN CALL YOUR ATTEN-
       TION TO THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
       TO THE STATE OF TEXAS, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF
       ESTUARIES TO OUR INDUSTRY.  THEREFORE, WE URGE
       THIS COMMITTEE, IN ANY RECOMMENDATION IT MIGHT
       MAKE, TO RECOGNIZE THE MULTIPLE USES OF TEXAS
       ESTUARIES.  THEY ARE IMPORTANT TO FISHERMEN,
       SWIMMERS, AND RECREATION LOVERS; THEY ARE ALSO
       OF OVERWHELMING IMPORTANCE TO VITAL INDUSTRIES
       OF TEXAS, SUCH AS OURS, WHICH PROVIDE JOBS EN-
       ABLING CITIZENS OF TEXAS TO SEEK OUT AND ENJOY
       RECREATIONL  I APPRECIATE YOUR INVITATION TO
       APPEAR HERE TODAY AND THANK YOU FOR THIS TIME.
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MR. WHITWORTH.  WOULD YOU MIND
       WAITING JUST FOR A MOMENT?  MR. YANTIS HAS A
       QUESTION.
MR. YANTIS:  i AMWARE OF SOME RELATIVELY EXTENSIVE
       EFFORTS ON THE PART OF MANY INDUSTRIES, AND I
       ASSUME THIS REOUIRES A FAIR AMOUNT OF MONEY.  CAN

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                                                      221
       YOU MAKE AN ESTIMATE OF THE AMOUNT OF MONEY




       SPENT IN WASTE FACILITIES BY THE INDUSTRY AMONG




       YOUR MEMBERSHIP, AND COULD YOU MAKE AN ESTIMATE




       OF THE AMOUNT OF MONEY WHICH THEY SPEND EACH




       YEAR IN MAINTAINING OR OPERATING FACILITIES LIKE




       THAT?...JUST A ROUND-FIGURE GUESS.




MR. WHITWORTH:  WE HAVE, AS i STATED IN THIS STATEMENT,




       MR. YANTIS, 100 MILLION INVESTED AND WE THINK




       THAT IF THIS FIGURE INCLUDED THOSE THINGS WHICH




       WERE OF THE FINAL EXPENDITURE OF 1967--WE ARE




       IN THE PROCESS OF UPDATING THAT AND THIS DOES




       NOT COMPLETE, OF COURSE, THOSE PROJECTS WHICH ARE




       ON THE DRAWING BOARDS AND AT VARIOUS STAGES OF




       COMPLETION AS THE RESULT OF MORE RIGID STANDARDS.




       I HAVE THAT FIGURE OF OPERATING COSTS.  THE FIGURE




       SLIPS MY MIND.  I CAN FURNISH IT TO THE COMMITTEE.




MR. YANTIS:  WELL, i WAS LISTENING AND i THOUGHT i




       MISSED THAT FIGURE AS YOU WENT THROUGH YOUR STATE-




       MENT, BUT YOU DID HAVE THAT FIGURE IN YOUR STATE-




       MENT, $100 MILLION?




MR. WHITWORTH:  YES, A HUNDRED MILLION.




MR. YANTIS:  UH HUH.

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                                                      222
MR. WHITWORTH:  i COULDN'T RELATE IT TO THE INVESTMENT
       BECAUSE—
MR. YANTIS:  NO.  I DIDN'T MEAN THAT.  I MEAN JUST THE
       TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
       AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I AM INTERESTED IN,
       PEOPLE WHO OFTEN SAY NOTHING IS BEING DONE--I
       AM NOT GENERALLY IN THE HABIT OF LOOKING AT 100
       MILLION DOLLARS AS NOTHING, AND I JUST WANT THAT
       FIGURE IN THE RECORD, OR WHATEVER FIGURE IS THE
       CORRECT FIGURE.
MR. WHITWORTH:  I THOUGHT YOU WERE ASKING ALSO FOR THE
       ANNUAL OPERATING COST, WHICH WE DO HAVE.
MR. YANTIS:  WELL, IN ANY WAY THAT IT WOULD BE MEANING-
       FUL.
MR. WHITWORTH:  BE HAPPY TO SUBMIT THAT TO THE BOARD.
               I WOULD CALL YOUR ATTENTION THAT THIS
       100 MILLION DOES RELATE TO 400 MILLION, WHICH
       IS OUR ANNUAL PAYROLL HERE IN TEXAS, OR ONE-
       FOURTH OF OUR COST TO THE PEOPLE.
MR. YANTIS:  NOW, THIS is YOUR MEMBERSHIP?
MR. WHITWORTH:  YES, SIR.
MR. YANTIS:  DOES THIS REPRESENT 20% OF THE INDUSTRY

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                                                       223
       ALONE IN THE SHIP CHANNEL?




MR. WHITWORTH:  I AM NOT SURE ABOUT THAT.  OF THOSE




       THAT ARE CLASSIFIED AS CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS,




       WE REPRESENT 90% IN THE STATE.




MR. YANTIS:  NO.  MY THOUGHT IS THIS:  THAT  IF WE DID




       A LITTLE EXTRAPOLATING, THAT THE CHEMICAL  INDUS-




       TRY HAS SPENT "X" DOLLARS, AND IF WE  ASSUME THAT




       IT — LET'S CALL IT PLAIN OIL REFINERIES OR  STEEL




       REFINERS ARE SPENDING THE SAME LEVEL, WE CAN




       MAKE AN ESTIMATE OF THE LEVEL FOR WASTE TREATMENT




       THAT HAS BEEN SPENT ALONG THE SHIP CHANNEL.




MR. WHITWORTH:  WELL, i CAN GIVE YOU AN ESTIMATE OF THE




       NUMBER OF COMPANIES THAT WE REPRESENT.  IT'S




       53, 25 OF WHICH ARE LOCATED IN HARRIS COUNTY,




       WHICH IS ROUGHLY ONE-HALF.




MR. YANTIS:  THANK YOU.  i THINK THAT'S ALL.




MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU.




               MARVIN.




MR. WOOD:  IT'S QUITE COMMON FOR THE MANY INDUSTRIES




       TO GATHER WATER QUALITY INFORMATION DATA PERTAIN-




       ING TO THE STREAMS AND ESTUARIES THAT THEY ARE




       LOCATED ON.  AS PART OF OUR STUDY HERE IN CON-

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                                                       22k
       JUNCTION WITH THE VARIOUS STATE AGENCIES  IS AN




       ATTEMPT TO COMPILE RECENT WATER QUALITY AND




       PHYSIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ON THESE ESTUARIES.




               DO THE COMPANIES THAT YOUR ASSOCIATION




       REPRESENTS HAVE ANY OF THIS THAT THEY CARE TO




       SUBMIT?  WE WOULD BE VERY HAPPY TO SUBMIT IT  IN




       OUR STUDY.




MR. WHITWORTH:  I BEG YOUR PARDON, BUT I MISUNDERSTOOD




       THE FIRST PART OF YOUR QUESTION AND DIDN'T UNDER-




       STAND WHAT YOU WERE ASKING FOR.




MR. WOOD:  I STATED THAT A PART OF OUR STUDY WAS THE




       COMPILATION OF RECENT WATER QUALITY DATA AND




       PHYSIOGRAPHIC DATA.  IN ESSENCE, ANYTHING OF




       EVIDENCE OR PERTINENT TO THIS ESTUARINE AREA AND




       SINCE MANY COMPANIES AND INDUSTRIES DO GATHER




       THIS DATA ON THEIR OWN, IF THE COMPANIES YOUR




       ASSOCIATION REPRESENTS HAVE ANY OF THIS WHICH




       THEY CARE TO SUBMIT WE WOULD CERTAINLY LIKE TO




       INCLUDE IT IN OUR WORK.




MR. WHITWORTH:  i AM NOT SURE HOW MUCH, BUT WHATEVER




       WE HAVE WE WILL BE, OF COURSE, WILLING TO PROVIDE.




MR. GALEGAR:  DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE?

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                                                      225
               WE HAVE ONE RIGHT BACK HERE, MR. WHIT-
       WORTH.
MR. TENNEBONNE:  SIR, i WOULD LIKE TO ASK YOU ONE QUES-
       TION.  ON YOUR STATISTICS THERE, DO YOU HAVE
       ANY STATISTICS THAT YOU COULD FURNISH THIS BOARD
       ON HOW MANY DOLLARS YOU HAVE COST THE INDIVIDUAL
       TO PROTECT THEIR HEALTH?
MR. WHITWORTH:  THEIR HEALTH?
MR. TENNEBONNE:  YES, THEIR HEALTH.  YES, THEIR HEALTH,
       FROM POLLUTED AIR AND POLLUTED WATER.
MR. WHITWORTH:  NO, SIR.  i DON'T HAVE ANY SORT OF
       INFORMATION LIKE THAT.
A VOICE:   MR. CHAIRMAN, WOULD YOU MIND REPEATING THE
       QUESTION?  WE CAN'T HEAR SO WELL BACK HERE
       SPEAKING FROM THE AUDIENCE.
MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT.  THE QUESTION THAT WAS POSED
       IS DOES MR. WHITWORTH HAVE ANY DOLLAR COST THAT
       HIS COMPANIES IN HIS ASSOCIATION HAVE COST THE
       CITIZENS IN ILL HEALTH IN AIR POLLUTION, ET
       CETERA.
               MR. WHITWORTH, IF YOU MIGHT, JUST A
       COUPLE OF POINTS.  MR. YANTIS RAISED AN EXCELLENT
       AVENUE OF EXPLORATION HERE WHICH I THINK YOUR

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                                                       226
       COMPANY OR YOUR GROUP MAY HELP US OUT WITH APPRE-




       CIABLY.  ONE OF THE AREAS, OF COURSE, THAT WE




       HOPE TO BE ABLE TO ANSWER IN USE OF THE  ESTUARINES




       IS THE FUTURE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC USES.





               WOULD IT BE POSSIBLE FOR YOUR COUNCIL--




       YOUR GROUP TO PROVIDE THE COMMITTEE WITH INFORMA-




       TION RELATING TO FUTURE PROGRESS OR FUTURE TRENDS




       IN RELATIONSHIP TO, NUMBER ONE, THE LOCATION OF





       INDUSTRIES IN THE ESTUARINE AREAS AND, NUMBER TWO,




       THE PROJECTED WATER USE AND, AS A COMPANION OF




       THAT WATER USE, SUCH INFORMATION AS IS POSSIBLE




       CONCERNING THOSE WASTES THAT MIGHT BE RETURNED.




MR. WHITWORTH:  AS I UNDERSTAND IT, NOW, YOU ARE ASKING




       FOR ANY INFORMATION THAT WE MIGHT HAVE FOR THE




       FUTURE AS TO LOCATION OF CHEMICAL COMPANIES IN




       THE ESTUARINE AREAS AS WELL AS THEIR CONTEMPLATED




       USE AND POSSIBLE—POSSIBLE LOADING OF THEIR ANTI-




       CIPATED WASTE LOADING?




MR. GALEGAR:  ...LOADINGS.  YES, SIR.





               JUST A MOMENT.  PARDON ME, SIR.




MR. WHITWORTH:  THIS is DIFFICULT INFORMATION.  WE




       WILL MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO COME UP WITH IT, BUT

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                                                      227
       OUR PEOPLE FLUCTUATE SOMEWHAT IN THE PROCESS,
       AS YOU WELL KNOW.
MR. GALEGAR:  YES.
MR. WHITWORTH:  ...DEPENDING ON THE ECONOMIC ACCEPTANCE
       THAT THE MARKET PLAYS.
MR. GALEGAR:  RIGHT.
MR. WHITWORTH:  BUT INSOFAR AS WE CAN GUESS WITH YOU
       WE WOULD BE HAPPY TO ATTEMPT TO FURNISH THAT
       INFORMATION.
MR. GALEGAR:  REAL FINE.  I THINK PROBABLY YOUR ASSOCIA-
       TION, ALONG WITH COMPANIONS, ARE IN THE BEST SPOT
       TO MAKE SUCH JUDGMENTS TO US, WHICH WE, IN TURN,
       CAN COMPILE IN THIS OVERALL USE SPECTRUM.
MR. WHITWORTH:  HOW SOON DO YOU NEED THAT INFORMATION?
MR. GALEGAR:  WE WOULD LIKE TO HAVE IT AS SOON AS POSSI-
       BLE.  SINCE I KNOW THAT ECONOMICS IN THE TREND
       DATA IS SOMEWHAT DIFFICULT TO GATHER AND SINCE
       YOU DO REPRESENT QUITE A NUMBER OF INDUSTRIES,
       WE WILL COMPLETE OUR MEETINGS,  WHICH WILL BE ALSO
       IN THE STATE OF LOUISIANA, AT THE END OF THIS
       MONTH.  COULD WE POSSIBLY HAVE THOSE BY THE--
       SOMEWHERE BETWEEN THE MIDDLE AND THE 20TH OF

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                                                      228
       NOVEMBER?
MR. WHITWORTH:  WE WILL MAKE EVERY EFFORT.
MR. GALEGAR:  WE WOULD CERTAINLY APPRECIATE IT.
               NOW, I WANT TO BE SURE THAT—  I THINK
       MR. YANTIS HAS SOME QUESTION.
MR. YANTIS:  IT'S NOT REALLY A QUESTION, BUT CAPTAIN
       TENNEBONNE DID RAISE THE QUESTION ABOUT PUBLIC
       HEALTH.  I THINK HE SHOULD WRITE THE UNITED STATES
       PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE AND I SUPPOSE THEY COULD
       GIVE HIM A GREAT DEAL OF INFORMATION ON PUBLIC
       HEALTH IN GENERAL.
               I WOULD POINT OUT THE DIFFICULTY OF
       ANALYZING STATISTICS LIKE THIS.  YOU RUN INTO
       SUCH THINGS AS 50 YEARS AGO SOMEBODY CAUGHT
       PNEUMONIA, THEY DIED; TODAY THEY CATCH PNEUMONIA
       AND TAKE $50 WORTH OF ANTIBIOTICS AND THEY ARE
       PLAYING FOOTBALL IN TWO WEEKS.  SO YOU REALLY
       CANNOT ANALYZE THE STATISTICS EASILY.  IF YOU
       HAVE A LUNG PROBLEM IT'S BECAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION
       OR BECAUSE YOU SMOKE.  BUT I  DO THINK YOU SHOULD
       WRITE THE U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE AND PER-
       HAPS THEY CAN GIVE YOU ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.

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                                                      229
MR. GALEGAR:  MR. WHITWORTH, i UNDERSTAND ONE OF MY



       COLLEAGUES UP HERE--ONE WAS INTERESTED IN ASKING



       A QUESTION AS TO WHETHER YOUR CAPITAL INVESTMENTS



       —WHAT PERCENT YOUR CAPITAL INVESTMENTS FOR WASTE



       TREATMENT WORK WERE REPRESENTED IN YOUR TOTAL



       CAPITAL INVESTMENT THAT YOU HAD.



MR. WHITWORTH:  i AM SORRY,  i SPENT A LOT OF TIME TRY-



       ING TO FIND CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN PLANTS AND



       I DON'T HAVE ANYTHING VERY ACCURATE ON THAT.



       THE ONLY REAL MEASURE THAT I HAVE AS TO THE IMPORT



       OF THAT HUNDRED MILLION FIGURE IS IT'S ONE-FOURTH



       OF OUR ANNUAL PAYROLL.



MR. GALEGAR:  UH HUH.



MR. WHITWORTH:  ...WHICH is QUITE SIGNIFICANT.



MR. GALEGAR:  is THAT WATER RIGHTS?



MR. WHITWORTH:  YES.



MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT.  ANY OTHER QUESTIONS?  ANY



       FROM THE AUDIENCE?



MR. WHITWORTH:  i MIGHT ADD THAT A HEAVY PROPORTION OF



       IT IS WATER,  INASMUCH AS WE ARE A GOOD BIT AHEAD



       ON WATER CONTROL REQUIREMENTS IN TEXAS OVER OUR



       AIR CONTROL.

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                                                      230
MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT.  WELL, THANK YOU VERY MUCH
       FOR THAT MOST EXCELLENT STATEMENT.
               THE NEXT SPEAKER THAT WE WILL ASK IS
       MR. CECIL REID, THE SPORTSMEN'S CLUB OF TEXAS,
       WHO HAS ASKED TO BE HEARD.  MR. REID.
MR. REID:  MR. CHAIRMAN, MEMBERS OF THE PANEL, MY NAME
       IS CECIL REID, I AM EMPLOYED AS THE EXECUTIVE
       SECRETARY OF THE SPORTSMEN'S CLUBS OF TEXAS,
       WHICH IS AN ORGANIZATION OF 127 CLUBS AND 93,000
       MEMBERS; IN ADDITION TO THE CLUB MEMBERS WE HAVE
       4500 SUSTAINED MEMBERSHIPS.
               THIS ORGANIZATION IS A CONSERVATION ORGAN-
       IZATION.  IT CONCERNS ITSELF WITH NATURAL RESOURCE
       USE AND MANAGEMENT.  IT HAS LONG BEEN CONCERNED
       WITH HABITAT DESTRUCTION IN OUR BAYS AND ESTUAR-
       IES.  A RECENT STATEMENT WAS MADE TO THE EFFECT
       THAT AT PRESENT, SEVEN PERCENT OF THE COASTLINE
       OF THE UNITED STATES HAS BEEN TAKEN UP THROUGH
       INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS.  REGULARLY,
       THE U. S. CORPS OF ENGINEERS SENDS OUT NOTICES
       OF REQUEST FOR PERMITS TO CONSTRUCT BULKHEADS
       IN THE BAYS OF OUR STATE.  THESE BULKHEADS ARE

-------
                                               231
           MR. CECIL REID







PLACED OUT IN THE WATER AND FILLED IN ON THE





LAND SIDE WITH DIRT.  THE LENGTH OF THE BULKHEAD




DETERMINES JUST HOW MUCH OF THE NURSERY GROUNDS





WERE RUINED FOR SHRIMP AND SMALLER FISHES.  A




SHEER WALL CANNOT PROVIDE FOOD AND PROTECTION




AS DOES THE VERY SHALLOW WATERS.




        IT WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO GIVE AN EXACT




FIGURE SHOWING THE VALUE OF THE BAYS AND ESTUAR-




IES BUT FROM A SHORT SURVEY OF ONE SMALL SECTION




IN THE YEAR OF 1955, WE ARE CONVINCED THAT THE




RECREATIONAL VALUES HAVE AN ANNUAL WORTH IN




EXCESS OF TWO HUNDRED MILLION DOLLARS TO THE




ECONOMY OF THE COASTAL AREA OF TEXAS.  WE SHOULD




CONSIDER THE TOURISTS WHO MUST CROSS THE STATE




TO REACH THE COAST AND WE WOULD FIND OTHER VALUES




NOT NORMALLY INCLUDED IN ESTIMATES.




        THE AMOUNT OF DAMAGE DONE BY POLLUTION




WOULD ALSO BE A GUESS.  IN SOME INSTANCES IT





HAS BEEN A SLOW PROCESS AND IN OTHERS IT HAS




BEEN RAPID AND OBVIOUS.  POLLUTION CAN BE INSIDI-




OUS.  IT CAN DESTROY THE MINUTE PLANTS AND ANI-





MALS WITHOUT KILLING FISH DIRECTLY.  BUT THROUGH

-------
                                               232
           MR. CECIL REID







THE DESTRUCTION OF THESE SMALLER ORGANISMS NOT




NORMALLY VISIBLE TO THE EYE, THE FOOD CHAIN IS




BROKEN AND THE HABITAT DESTROYED.  CONSEQUENTLY,




THE FISHES HAVE VANISHED WITHOUT A DIRECT KILL.




        IN ANY STUDY OF MATERIALS SUSPECTED TO





BE TOXIC TO MARINE OR AQUATIC ORGANISMS, PLANK-




TONIC GROUPS SHOULD BE USED AS INDICATORS ALONG




WITH THE VERTEBRATES.  THIS IS AN IMPORTANT




METHOD OF TESTING THAT HAS LONG BEEN OVERLOOKED.




        WITH BOTH POLLUTION AND SHELL DREDGING




OF BAY WATERS WE CAN LOOK ONLY FOR A REDUCTION





IN FISH, OYSTER AND SHRIMP PRODUCTION.




        THIS ORGANIZATION HAS CALLED FOR DREDGING




ONLY THAT SHELL WHICH IS OVERBURDENED WITH SAND,




SILT OR CLAY.  THAT SHELL THAT IS NOT COVERED




WITH THESE MATERIALS SHOULD BE LEFT FOR THE




GOOD OF OUR FISHERY.  NEW REEFS MADE BY MAN




CANNOT BE EFFECTIVE IN THE PRODUCTION OF OYSTERS.





USUALLY THEY BECOME COVERED WITH SILT.




        IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO DREDGE SHELL FOR





CALCIUM CARBONATE OR TO DREDGE SHELL FOR BUILD-




ING MATERIALS.  THERE ARE THOUSANDS OF SQUARE

-------
                                               233
           MR. CECIL REID







MILES OF GOOD LIMESTONE IN CENTRAL TEXAS.  WE




SHOULD USE THIS LIMESTONE AND PRESERVE THOSE




FEW REEFS THAT ARE REMAINING.




        AS FOR MANAGEMENT OF BAYS AND ESTUARIES,




THE MOST LOGICAL WOULD BE FOR EACH STATE THAT




BORDERS THE OCEAN TO PROVIDE PROPER REGULATIONS




FOR USAGE AND DEVELOPMENT.  IN SOME INSTANCES,




BECAUSE OF VARIOUS INFLUENCES, THIS IS IMPOSSI-




BLE.  WHEN AND WHERE NECESSARY TO PRESERVE A





NON-REPLENISHABLE RESOURCE, THE FEDERAL AGENCY




COULD MAKE A SURVEY AND POINT OUT PUBLICLY THAT




LETHARGICAL ATTITUDES PREVAIL OR THAT POLITICAL




PROCESSES INHIBIT PROPER PROCEDURES FOR BETTER




MANAGEMENT.




        I MIGHT ADD, 20 YEARS AGO OR 22, RIGHT




AFTER WORLD WAR II I HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO DO




SOME ANTIPOLLUTION WORK FOR A STATE AGENCY.  AT




THAT TIME IF WE CALLED A MEETING SUCH AS THIS





WE MIGHT HAVE GOTTEN A DOZEN PEOPLE HERE, AND





MOST OF THEM WERE CONCERNED WITH DEALING WITH





EITHER ONE OR THE OTHER GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES.




BY THE MERE FACT WE HAVE MORE PEOPLE AT THESE

-------
                                                234
           MR. CECIL REID







MEETINGS AND THAT WE HAVE MORE IN THE NEWSPAPER




IS PROOF ENOUGH THAT WE ARE GOING TO MAKE PRO-




GRESS.  MY ONLY HOPE THAT EACH ONE OF THESE




ACTIVITIES WILL BECOME ACTIVE ENOUGH TO NOT DRAG




THE STUDIES OUT.





        IN ALL OF OUR WORK FROM A TECHNICAL




POINT OF VIEW WE HAVE ALWAYS MAINTAINED THAT WE




NEED MORE STUDY, WE CANNOT SAY ANYTHING THAT'S




FACTUAL.  I THINK THAT THESE FINDINGS THAT WE




COME ACROSS NOW THAT IS IMPORTANT TO PRODUCE




PROGRESS REPORTS.  I THINK THAT IT IS IMPORTANT





FOR US TO POINT OUT JUST WHAT IS HAPPENING TO




OUR WATERS.  I THINK THAT WE OUGHT TO CONSIDER




THESE HYDROCARBONS THAT ARE ENTERING THESE WATERS




THAT ARE SPOILING AGRICULTURAL CROPS.  RECENTLY




STUDY WAS MADE IN ONE OF THE EASTERN STATES TO




THE EFFECT THAT DDT WAS BEING BUILT UP IN THE




ORGANISMS ON THE BOTTOM OF THE FLOOR AND THAT





THE FISHES WERE EATING THESE ORGANISMS AND OF





COURSE, BEING BUILT UP INTO FISHES, AND THE





FISHES REACH THE BIG FISHES TO WHERE IT WILL




EVENTUALLY EFFECT THE PEOPLE WHO ARE EATING THOSE

-------
                                                       235
                  MR. CECIL REID







       FISHES.





               I THINK THERE HAS BEEN ENOUGH REDUCTION




       IN OUR PRODUCTION THAT WE WILL LOOK OVER THE





       AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY AND THE METHODS THEY ARE





       USING IN THEIR INSECTICIDES AND POISONS.





               GENTLEMEN, THAT'S ALL I HAVE.   I DO




       APPRECIATE HAVING THE OPPORTUNITY TO TALK TO




       YOU.





MR. GALEGAR:  MR. REID, WOULD YOU STAND THERE  FOR JUST




       A MOMENT?




               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS FROM THE PANEL?





       ARE THERE ANY FROM THE AUDIENCE?




               I WOULD LIKE TO JUST ASK ONE QUESTION.




       THERE IS A WIDE AND VERY EXTENSIVE INTEREST IN




       THE USE OF THE ESTUARINE ZONES BY INDUSTRY, BY




       THE SPORTSMEN, BY THE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, AND




       OF COURSE, IT IS OUR HOPES AND PLANS THAT WE CAN




       MAKE OPTIMUM USE OF THESE ESTUARINE ZONES BY





       PROPER MANNING AND PROPER MANAGEMENT, AND THERE





       HAS BEEN A NUMBER OF COMMENTS OFFERED TO THE




       GROUP THIS MORNING WHICH GO IN THIS DIRECTION




       AND THAT'S WHAT WE'RE INTERESTED IN.

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                                                      236
               I WONDER IF YOUR SPORTSMENS GROUP OR
       ASSOCIATION HAD ANY THOUGHTS ALONG THAT LINE THAT
       THEY WOULD LIKE TO SUBMIT TO THIS GROUP THAT
       WOULD RECOGNIZE THAT THERE ARE I/IDE VARIETIES
       OF USES, AND YET RECOGNIZE, ALSO, THE SPORTSMEN'S
       DESIRE IN THE USE OF THAT ESTUARINE AREA, OTHER
       THAN WHAT YOU HAVE PROVIDED HERE.  DO YOU THINK
       THAT THERE ARE SOME MORE SPECIFIC AREAS THAT
       YOUR ASSOCIATION WOULD LIKE TO PROVIDE?
MR. REID:  I DON'T BELIEVE I QUITE UNDERSTAND YOUR QUES-
       TION, IF YOU BACK UP JUST A LITTLE BIT WHERE YOU
       FIRST BROUGHT IN THE VALUES.
MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT.  THERE ARE SOME EXTENSIVE..USES
       DESIRED FOR THESE ESTUARINE AREAS AND SO IT IS
       THE DESIRE OF BOTH THE STATE AND THE FEDERAL
       GOVERNMENT THAT WE MAXIMIZE THE USE OF THESE
       ESTUARINE RESOURCES.  WE ARE TRYING TO LAY OUR
       HANDS ON THE SPECIFICS AS TO HOW WE MIGHT THEN
       PREPARE MANAGEMENT'S PLAN.  YOU'VE GIVEN US SOME
       VERY CONSIDERABLE QUALITY IN YOUR PRESENTATIONS
       HERE, BUT 1 WONDER IF THERE ARE ANY ADDITIONAL
       FACTS THAT YOU WILL WANT TO PRESENT TO US IN

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                                                       237
       TERMS OF SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHIC AREAS,  SAY,  THAT




       THE SPORTS FISHING GROUP WOULD  BE  INTERESTED  IN




       PRESERVING, CERTAIN AREAS THAT  MIGHT  BE  DESIR-




       ABLE FOR THAT PURPOSE?





               FOR INSTANCE, MR. WHITWORTH'S  CHEMICAL




       ASSOCIATION, THEY HAVE AN ACTIVE  INTEREST IN THE




       PORT FACILITIES AND THAT SORT OF  THING.




MR. REID:  I WOULD BE HAPPY TO PREPARE A  SUPPLEMENT TO




       THIS STATEMENT TO THE EFFECT THAT  THERE  ARE SOME




       SPECIFIC AREAS.  WE ARE OF THE  OPINION THAT WE





       CANNOT AFFORD TO DESTROY A RESOURCE MERELY FOR





       THE PRESENT-DAY ECONOMY OR FOR  INDUSTRIAL USE.




       THIS IS A RESOURCE THAT BELONGS TO THE PEOPLE: OH




       TEXAS AND WE WANT TO PRESERVE IT,  WE  WANT TO USE




       IT, MANAGE IT TO THE BENEFIT OF MOST  OF  THE PEO-




       PLE, NOT JUST THE FEW.  GENERALLY  THAT IS OUR




       ATTITUDE.  WE CANNOT SEE SACRIFICING  ONE  RESOURCE




       IMMEDIATELY FOR ECONOMIC GAIN OF  A SMALL  GROUP.




               1 MENTION THIS SHELL DREDGING  CALCIUM





       CARBONATE, WE KNOW THAT WE DO HAVE BIG RESERVES




       OF CALCIUM CARBONATE, OF CALICHE, OF  LIMESTONE,




       IN CENTRAL TEXAS, THERE IS ONLY A  FEW  CENTS

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                                                       238
       DIFFERENCE IN MOVING FROM THE COAST, AND  I




       THINK THAT GAP WILL SOON BE CLOSED, AND WE WON'T




       HAVE THE PROBLEM.  BUT ONCE YOU REMOVE A  LIVE




       REEF, THEN YOU HAVE DESTROYED THAT REEF COMPLETELY




       AND IT WILL NEVER COME BACK AGAIN, NOT IN ANY-




       BODY'S LIFETIME, OR MANY, MANY LIFETIMES, IT




       WILL NEVER BE BACK, AND THAT RESOURCE IS  GONE.




               IT'S NOT JUST THE OYSTERS THAT ARE THERE,




       BUT IT EFFECTS THE WHOLE HABITAT OF THE BAY FLOOR;




       IT AFFECTS THE FISHES AND THE FISHING ITSELF.




       SO IT'S NOT ALTOGETHER JUST FOR THE OYSTERS, BUT




       THE FISHES THAT COME INTO A LIVE REEF WILL COME




       IN MUCH MORE REGULARLY THAN THEY WILL OVER MUD,




       OR MUCH MORE READILY THAN THEY WILL OVER  DEAD




       SHELL.  SO THIS IS ONE OF OUR APPROACHES  TO IT,




       THE CONSERVATION OF THE RESOURCE.




MR. GALEGAR:  REAL FINE.  WELL, I JUST WANTED TO ASSURE




       YOU WE WOULD WELCOME ANY ADDITIONAL THOUGHTS THAT




       YOU WISHED TO SUBMIT INTO THE RECORD.




MR. REID:  THANK YOU.




MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU.




MR. KECK:  MR. GALEGAR, MR. YANTIS, MEMBERS OF THE PANEL,

-------
                                                230
          MR. DAVID R.  KECK







AND LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.   I Ait  DAVID  R.  KECK.




I REPRESENT THE MANUFACTURERS  COMMITTEE  OF THE




HOUSTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE  IN PRESENTING THE




FOLLOWING STATEMENT:





        THE MANUFACTURERS  COMMITTEE  OF THE




HOUSTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE  INCLUDES REPRESENTA-




TIVES OF MANY MANUFACTURING  AND  PROCESSING CON-




CERNS, LARGE AND SMALL, WHICH  OPERATE  INDUSTRIAL





PLANTS ON AND NEAR THE  HOUSTON SHIP  CHANNEL




(BUFFALO BAYOU), A TRIBUTARY OF  GALVESTON BAY





WHICH WE ASSUME TO BE A '-NATIONAL  ESTUARINE




AREA'1 WITHIN THE PURPOSE OF  THIS STUDY.   THIS




STATEMENT IS SUBMITTED  BY  SUCH COMMITTEE,  AND




NOT IN LIEU OF OR AS A  STATEMENT BY  ANY  PARTICU-




LAR MEMBER-CONCERN.  OUR REMARKS RELATE  PRIMARILY




TO THE ESTUARINE AREA OF GALVESTON BAY AND ARE




NECESSARILY QUITE GENERAL  IN NATURE.




        POINT ONE:  PRIMARY  RESPONSIBILITY FOR





POLLUTION CONTROL OF WATERS  OF GALVESTON  BAY




AND ITS ENVIRONS SHOULD REST WITH  AND  BE  EXER-




CISED BY THE STATE OF TEXAS, WITH  THE  COOPERATION




AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

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                                                240
          MR. DAVID R. KECK








        THE PERTINENT  FEDERAL AND  STATE  STATUTES





DIRECT COOPERATION AMONG GOVERNMENTAL  AGENCIES





TO THE END THAT THE HIGHEST  PRACTICABLE  WATER





QUALITY MAY BE MAINTAINED AT THE EARLIEST DATE.





WE SUBMIT THAT RECOGNITION OF PRIMARY  AUTHORITY





IN THE STATE WOULD BEST EFFECTUATE THIS  OBJEC-





TIVE.





        LOCAL GOVERNMENTS SHOULD PARTICIPATE





ONLY UNDER THE DIRECTION OF  THE STATE.





        POINT TWO:  ESTUARIES, SUCH AS GALVESTON





BAY, SHOULD BE MAINTAINED AT THE HIGHEST PRACTIC-





ABLE WATER QUALITY, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT  ALL USES





MD FACTORS INCLUDING  RECREATION,  NAVIGATION,





WILDLIFE, NATURAL RESOURCES, AND RESIDENTIAL





AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH.





        THE FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES EXPRESSLY





RECOGNIZE THIS AS THE  VALID, GENERAL OBJECTIVE





OF ,-/ATcR POLLUTION CONTROL.





        THE GALVESTON  BAY AREA IS  PRIMARILY AN





INDUSTRIAL ONE, AND ITS BURGEONING POPULATION





AND PLANT-EXPANSION CREATE WASTE-DISPOSAL PROB-





LEMS FOR ALL WHO LIVE  AND WORK IN  IT.  THE

-------
          MR. DAVID R. KECK

HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL HAS LONG BEEN ESSENTIALLY
AN ARTERY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY, WITH ALL OF
THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES INHERENT THERE-
IN.
        TO ANSWER YOUR SPECIFIC QUESTIONS; WHAT
ARE THE VALUES OF THESE ESTUARIES, HOW MUCH DAM-
AGE HAS BEEN CAUSED BY POLLUTION, AND, HOW CAN
WE MAKE THE BEST USE OF THEM, REQUIRES AN EXTEN-
SIVE AND DETAILED STUDY.  SUCH ANSWERS WILL RE-
SULT FROM THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY CURRENTLY BEING
CONDUCTED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE TEXAS WATER
QUALITY BOARD.  WE STRONGLY SUPPORT THIS STUDY
SINCE WE FEEL ORDERLY IMPROVEMENT CAN BEST BE
BROUGHT ABOUT THROUGH A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN
DETERMINING THE FACTS.
        POINT THREE:  CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE
GIVEN TO ADVISABILITY OF ESTABLISHING APPROPRIATE
':AREA AUTHORITIES", AS GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES
OF THE STATE, TO REGULATE WATER QUALITY CONTROL.
        PARTICULARLY IN A STATE AS LARGE AS
TEXAS, WITH WIDELY-VARYING NATURAL AND MAN-MADE
ENVIRONMENTS, MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY IN REACHING

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                                                242
          MR. DAVID  R.  KECK







AND MAINTAINING OPTIMUM WATER  QUALITY  STANDARDS





MAY BE HAD  IN ESTABLISHING A SPECIAL GOVERNMEN-




TAL AGENCY  OF THE STATE TO REGULATE  AN APPRO-




PRIATELY-RELATED AREA.  THE GALVESTON  BAY AREA




MAY BE ESPECIALLY ADAPTABLE TO SUCH  A  PROCEDURE.




        WE  DO NOT FAVOR CREATION  OF  NEW SUB-




GOVERNMENTS, AS A GENERAL PROPOSITION,  WITH THE




NEW LAYERS  OF LOCAL  TAXATION AND  REGULATION THAT





GOES WITH THEM.  BUT THIS MAY  BE  A SITUATION IN




WHICH A ''GALVESTON BAY  AREA AUTHORITY51 SHOULD




BE SERIOUSLY CONSIDERED.  PROBABLY SUCH AN AUTHOR-





ITY SHOULD  BE A WASTE-DISPOSAL AS WELL AS A REGU-




LATORY ENTITY, WITH  A GOAL OF  ULTIMATELY ATTAIN-




ING SUBSTANTIAL SELF-SUPPORT FROM CHARGES FOR




THE FORMER  SERVICE.




        SENATE BILL  NO. 596 IN THE 60TH LEGISLA-




TURE OF TEXAS BY SENATOR CRISS COLE  WAS A START




ALONG THESE LINES.




        IN  THE INTEREST OF UNIFORMITY  AND STA-




BILITY IN REGULATION, AND PARTICULARLY AT THE





OUTSET, IT  IS OUR FIRM  BELIEF  THAT SUCH AN




AUTHORITY MUST BE SUBORDINATE  TO  THE STATE BOARD,

-------
                                                       243
                 MR. DAVID R. KECK






       ESPECIALLY IN ESTABLISHING AND ENFORCING STAND-




       ARDS.




               I THANK YOU.




MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MR. KECK.




               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS FROM  THE PANEL?




               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS?  YES, A QUES-




       TION FROM THE AUDIENCE.




MR. WALTER:  MY NAME IS JACK WALTER.




MR. GALEGAR:  WOULD YOU USE THE MIKE THERE ON THE  FLOOR?




MR. WALTER:  MY NAME is JACK WALTER AND  i AM REPRESENT-




       ING THE BAYSHORE ROD, REEL AND GUN CLUB.  I




       WOULD LIKE TO ADDRESS A QUESTION  TO MR. KECK.




       IN THE EARLY PART OF HIS STATEMENT HE STATED  THAT




       GALVESTON BAY WAS LARGELY AN INDUSTRIAL BODY  OF




       WATER.  CERTAINLY WE KNOW OF THE  MULTIPLE USE—




       THAT WOULD BE ONE DEFINITION--BUT YOU HAVE




       NEGLECTED THE FACT THAT GALVESTON BAY IS ONE  OF




       THE MOST PROLIFIC PRODUCERS OF SEAFOODS IN  ANY




       ESTUARY ALONG THE TEXAS COAST AND CERTAINLY THIS




       USE OF GALVESTON BAY FOR PRODUCTION OF SEAFOOD




       CERTAINLY SHOULD NOT BE OVERLOOKED AND THE  STATE-




       MENT SHOULD SHOW--THAT MR. KECK MADE--SHOULD  SO

-------
       REFLECT THIS AREA IS IMPORTANT IN THE PRODUCTION
       OF SEAFOOD AS WELL AS A RECREATIONAL AREA AND
       IS NOT--AND I EMPHASIZE — IS NOT PRIMARILY AN
       INDUSTRIAL BODY OF WATER.
MR. GALEGAR:   MR. KECK, DO YOU--
MR. KECK:  I--EXCUSE ME.  THE MANUFACTURER'S COMMITTEE
       CERTAINLY AGREES WITH YOU AND WE HAVE IN THE
       PAST SUPPORTED VERY STRONGLY THE MAINTAINANCE
       OF GALVESTON BAY AS A RECREATIONAL AND SPORT AREA
       AND WE HAVE FURTHER MENTIONED ON NUMEROUS OCCA-
       SIONS  OUR BELIEF THAT THE HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL
       IS PRIMARILY AN INDUSTRIAL AREA AND SHOULD BE
       DEDICATED TO INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE.
MR. GALEGAR:   THANK YOU, MR. KECK.
               ANY MORE?  OH, PARDON ME.  IS THERE ANY
       MORE FROM THE AUDIENCE?
               I HAVE A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS HERE I WOULD
       LIKE TO ASK.  I KNOW THAT THE GALVESTON SAY STUDY
       IS IN  NEED OF ALL THE SUPPORT THAT WE CAN PROVIDE
       TO IT  FROM ALL DIFFERENT WAYS.  WOULD IT 3E POSSI-
       BLE FOR YOU TO COMMENT OR PROVIDE FOR THE RECORD
       THE TYPE OF SUPPORT THAT YOUR COMMITTEE IS GIV-

-------
                                                       245
       ING TO THIS GALVESTON  BAY  STUDY  EFFORT?




MR. KECK:  IN THE PAST?




MR. GALEGAR:  ...IN THE PAST  AND  WHAT YOU SEE YOUR




       FUTURE SUPPORT MIGHT BE.




MR. KECK:  IN THE PAST OUR—THE MANUFACTURER'S  COMMITTEE





       OF THE HOUSTON CHAMBER OF  COMMERCE HAS ENDORSED




       THIS STUDY AND I THINK, GOING BACK TO 1964,  IT




       WAS FIRST MENTIONED AND THEN AGAIN IN 1965,  WE




       MADE A VERY CONCERTED  EFFORT TO  GET THE  STUDY





       UNDER WAY—AS A MATTER OF  FACT,  WE PROVIDED TO




       THE TEXAS WATER POLLUTION  CONTROL  BOARD  AT THAT





       TIME AN OUTLINE FOR A  STUDY, WHICH IS QUITE SIliI-




       LAR TO THE STUDY THAT  IS BEING CARRIED OUT NOW.




       WE HAD A VERY SIMILAR  PROGRAM ALL  OUTLINED.




               THE FIRST PORTION  WHICH  WAS SUGGESTED BY




       OUR STUDY CONCERNED ONLY THE HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL




       BECAUSE THIS IS WHERE  THE  POLLUTION SEEMS TO BE




       CONCENTRATED, AND THIS  PARTICULAR  PART OF THE




       STUDY WAS ESTIMATED TO  COST ABOUT  $600,000.




               IT WAS FELT BY  THOSE WHO WERE LOOKING AT





       THE BROADER PICTURE THAT THE STUDY THAT  ENCOM-





       PASSES THE ENTIRE GALVESTON BAY, WHICH WE EST Ii'iATED

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                                                       246
       WOULD COST 2.2 MILLION, I BELIEVE, WOULD  BE—





       WOULD BETTER SERVE THE NEEDS OF THE  ENTIRE  AREA




       AND THE STATE OF TEXAS AND THE NATION, AND




       TOWARD THE STUDY THAT WAS FINALLY STARTED A NUM-





       BER OF INDUSTRIES CONTRIBUTED TO THE TEXAS  AIR





       AND WATER CONSERVATION GROUP, WHICH  PROVIDED A





       SMALL AMOUNT OF FUNDS—MUCH SMALLER  THAN  MY




       FRIEND, MR. YANTIS, HAD HOPED FOR, IN  THE AMOUNT




       OF $50,000, I BELIEVE.  I AM NOT AWARE OF THE




       EXACT AMOUNT, BUT IT'S IN THAT ORDER OF MAGNI-




       TUDE.





               BUT THIS IS WHAT OUR COMMITTEE HAS  DONE




       IN THE PAST FOR THESE STUDIES.




MR. GALEGAR:  YOU HAVE SECOND-GUESSED WHAT  MR. YANTIS'




       QUESTION MIGHT BE AND THAT IS HOW MUCH, IN  TERMS




       OF THIS.




               WELL, IT APPEARS TO ME THAT  YOUR  COMMIT-




       TEE DOES HAVE AN AWFUL LOT TO OFFER  THIS  STUDY





       AND ITS ULTIMATE RESULTS ON THE ESTUARIAN WATERS




       IN THE BAY AREA.




               I WOULD SUPPOSE--  IS THERE  ANY DOUBT





       IN YOUR MIND THAT YOUR COMMITTEE IS  NOT GOING

-------
                                                      247
       TO--  WELL, LET ME PUT IT IN THE POSITIVE WAY.
               IS THERE ANY--  PARDON ME.  LET ME
       START IT AGAIN.
               YOUR COMMITTEE, I ASSUME, WILL AGGRES-
       SIVELY SUPPORT THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY AS IT
       PROGRESSES THROUGH TO A HOPED-FOR SUCCESSFUL CON-
       CLUSION.  IS THERE ANY DOUBT IN YOUR MIND THAT
       YOUR COMMITTEE WILL NOT AGGRESSIVELY SUPPORT
       THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION IN THE SHIP CHANNEL IN
       THIS AREA?
MR. KECK:   NO.   THERE IS NO DOUBT IN MY MIND.  AS A MAT-
       TER OF FACT, THERE IS A QUESTIONNAIRE OUT FROM
       MR. YANTIS NOW ON SELF-REPORTING.
MR. GALEGAR:  UH HUH.
MR. KECK:   ...THE VOLUMES AND ANALYSES OF EFFLUENT
       STREAMS  FROM THE MEMBER PLANTS.  WE HAVE SUB-
       MITTED AN ENDORSEMENT TO THIS SELF-REPORTING, BUT
       1  PERSONALLY FEEL--MOT THE MANUFACTURERS — BUT I
       PERSONALLY FEEL THAT THE INDIVIDUAL REPORTING
       WILL GO  A LONG WAYS TO EFFECTING CONTROL IN THE
       HOUSTON  SHIP CHANNEL IF IT'S CARRIED ON, AND I
       AM SURE  IT WILL BE CARRIED ON.

-------
                                                      243
MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT.  LET ME ASK YOU—YOU HAVE



       RAISED ANOTHER QUESTION IN MY MIND.



MR. KECK:  BETTER BE QUICK.



MR. GALEGAR:  IN TERMS OF THE LAND USE OF THE HOUSTON



       SHIP CHANNEL, AT THE PRESENT TIME I UNDERSTAND



       THERE IS NO ZONING OR RESTRICTION OF THIS TYPE,



       AND THIS IS DEPENDENT ON THE CITY, I AM SURE.



       BUT HOW DO YOU FORESEE THE CONTROL THAT SHOULD



       BE EXERCISED IN THE RELEASE OF WASTES INTO THE



       HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL OR ITS ENVIRONS, CONSIDERING



       THE BAY AREA AS PART OF THAT ENVIRONS?



MR. KECK:  WOULD YOU READ THAT QUESTION BACK?



MR. GALEGAR:  i WAS JUST ASKING--



MR. KECK:  THAT IS A VERY BROAD QUESTION.



MR. GALEGAR:  ...A VERY BROAD QUESTION, AND i WAS JUST



       WONDERING IF YOUR COMMITTEE HAS ADDRESSED ITSELF



       TO THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF WASTE INTO THE



       HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL OR THE CALVESTON LAY AREA.



MR. KECK:  WELL, THIS IS MY PERSONAL OPINION AND IN



       MANY OF THE MEETINGS THAT WE HAVE HELD OVER THE



       YEARS WE HAVE COMMITTED OURSELVES TO NOT INCREAS-



       ING THE AMOUNT OF POLLUTANCE GOING INTO THE

-------
                                                       249
       CHANNEL AS OUR OWN PLANTS GROW AND AS NEW  INDUS-




       TRIES COME IN, BECAUSE WE ARE GROWING AT A VERY




       RAPID RATE AND EACH PLANT IS INSTALLING FACILITIES




       TO REDUCE THE POLLUTION OF — CONTRIBUTION OF THE




       PRESENT FACILITIES.  THERE ARE NEW PLANTS  COMING




       ON; THE CITY IS GROWING; THE CITY  IS HAVING A




       TOUGH TIME KEEPING UP WITH THEIR TROUBLES,  WITH




       THEIR GROWTH, AND  I THINK THAT THE GENERAL POSI-




       TION THAT WE HAVE ALWAYS HAD WAS TO NOT LET THE




       LOAD GET ANY GREATER THAN IT WAS; AND I THINK




       THAT SOME OF THESE PEOPLE THAT I HAVE HAD  CONVER-




       SATIONS WITH FEEL THAT WE WILL ACTUALLY BE ALLE




       TO IMPROVE THE OVERALL SITUATION FROM INDIVIDUAL




       PLANTS.




               BUT WE CANNOT PERSONALLY BE RESPONSIBLE




       FOR NEW PLANTS THAT COME IN AND APPLY FOR  A PERMIT




       AND HAVE THAT GRANTED AND THEREBY  INCREASE THE




       LOAD, BECAUSE THAT'S OUT OF OUR CONTROL.




MR. GALEGAR:  UH HUH.  ALL RIGHT.  THANK YOU.




               ONE LAST QUEST I Oh'.  HAS YOUR COMMITTEE




       TAKEN A STAND--AND I DON'T QUITE UNDERSTAND YOUR




       TESTIMONY ON THIS QUESTION — BUT I KEPT HEARING

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                                                       250
       THE WORD "BAY," IN THERE — THAT A  GALVESTON  BAY




       AUTHORITY MAY BE THE ANSWER.




               HAS YOUR COMMITTEE THOUGHT  OF  THE WAY




       THAT THIS CAN BE MANAGED?





MR. KECK:  OUR COMMITTEE HAS MET WITH SENATOR CRISS  COLE





       TO DISCUSS THE BILL THAT HE HAS SUBMITTED--!




       BELIEVE LAST FALL—THAT HE SUBMITTED,  AND  I




       HAVEN'T HEARD ANYTHING SINCE — SINCE THE MEETING




       OF THE LEGISLATURE LAST SUMMER ON IT,  BUT WE  SUB-




       MITTED A NUMBER OF COMMENTS AND I  BELIEVE THE WAY




       THAT IT WAS LEFT IS THAT WE WOULD WITHHOLD  OUR




       FINAL COMMENTS UNTIL THE MEETING--ALMOST FINAL




       DRAFT OF THE BILL, BECAUSE HE HELD  A HEARING--




       WELL, NOT A HEARING, BUT HE MET WITH PEOPLE--




       VARIOUS GROUPS ALL OVER THE AREA--FREEPORT, TEXAS




       CITY AND HOUSTON, AND PROBABLY SEVERAL GROUPS  IN




       HOUSTON, TO GET THEIR COMMENTS ON HIS  BILL.





MR. GALEGAR:  I SEE.  WELL--




MR. KECK:  WE MET WITH HIM.   I--I FEEL--WELL,  I DON'T




       KNOW WHAT THE POSITION WILL BE BECAUSE THAT IS





       SPEAKING FOR TOO MANY PEOPLE.




MR. GALEGAR:  UH HUH.  ALL RIGHT.  WELL,  WOULD IT  BE

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                                                      251
       CORRECT TO SAY THAT THE MANUFACTURER'S COMMITTEE
       HAS NOT--
MR. KECK:  WE HAVE NOT OPPOSED IT.
MR. GALEGAR:  ...OPPOSED IT OR HAS NOT ENDORSED IT AS
       OF THE PRESENT TIME?  IS THAT CORRECT?
MR. KECK:  RIGHT.  BUT WE HAVE CONSIDERED IT.
MR. GALEGAR:  YOU HAVE CONSIDERED THE BILL?
MR. KECK:  YES.
MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT.  ANY OTHER QUESTIONS?
MR. KECK:  AM I  WRONG, HUGH?  IS THERE SOME INFORMATION
       I  HAVE LEFT OUT?
MR. YANTIS:   I THINK YOU ARE APPROXIMATELY CORRECT.  I
       WAS THINKING THERE WAS A FELLOW WALKING DOWN THE
       STREET WHO MET A PANHANDLER AND THE PANHANDLER
       SAYS  "BUDDY, GIVE ME A DOLLAR FOR A CUP OF COFFEE
               THE FELLOW SAYS "COFFEE DOESN'T COST A
       DOLLAR; A DIME IS ENOUGH.51
               HE SAYS "LOOK, BUDDY, IF YOU DON'T WANT
       TO GIVE ME A DOLLAR DON'T DO IT, tsUT DON'T TRY
       TO TELL ME HOW TO RUN MY BUSINESS."
               I SOMETIMES THINK OF INDUSTRY'S RESPONSE
       TO SUPPORTING WITH CASH THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY

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                                                252
WE HAD HOPED TO GET ABOUT A HALF  A  MILLION  DOLLARS





AND WE GOT ABOUT  10% OF THAT.   I  HAVE  LEARNED




SINCE THAT INDUSTRY--NOT CHANNEL  INDUSTRY,  BUT




RELATED, HAS GIVEN ALMOST THIS  MUCH  MONEY TO A




UNIVERSITY FOR RESEARCH OF THE  SAME  GENERAL KIND,





AND SOMEWHERE IN  THERE THERE  IS A MORAL.  THE




GALVESTON BAY STUDY WAS AN OUTGROWTH OF  TWO DIF-




FERENT HAPPENINGS AT THE SAME TIME.




        IN 1950 THE STATE HEALTH  DEPARTMENT MADE




A STUDY OF GALVESTON BAY AMD  PUBLISHED A REPORT.




TEN YEARS LATER THE BAYSHORE  ROD, REEL AND  GUN





CLUB, THE SAME PEOPLE THAT JACK WALKER REPRESENTS,





CAME TO US AND ASKED FOR A STUDY  TO  COMPARE IT




WITH THE ONE OF APPROXIMATELY 10  YEARS EARLIER




TO SEE WHETHER WE WERE GAINING  GROUND OR LOSING




GROUND, AND WE STARTED PUTTING  TOGETHER  SUCH A




STUDY.




        AT ABOUT THE SAME TIME THE BOARD  GOT




INTO A POSITION TO UNDERTAKE  SOME MEANINGFUL




REGULATION OF WASTE DISCHARGES  AND WE BEGAN ALONG




THE HOUSTON SHIP  CHANNEL AND  AFTER MANY  CONFER-





ENCES, MANY HEARINGS AND A GREAT  DEAL OF STAFF

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                                                253
WORK WE ADOPTED  ORDER  65-9  IN  DECEMBER 1965.





INDUSTRY  IN ACCEPTING  THE ORDER—AND THEY DID--




IT WAS JOINTLY DEVELOPED--SAID ''ALTHOUGH WE




ACCEPT THIS ORDER  YOU  SIMPLY  DO NOT KNOW ENOUGH




ABOUT THE HOUSTON  SHIP CHANNEL AND GALVESTON BAY





TO REGULATE US INTELLIGENTLY.   YOU WILL MAKE MIS-




TAKES AND THEY WILL  BE EXPENSIVE MISTAKES AND




INDUSTRY WILL PAY  THE  COST."




        SO INDUSTRY  ASKED FOR  ANOTHER STUDY OF




GALVESTON BAY AND  THE  HOUSTON  SHIP CHANNEL, SO




WE MERGED THE TWO.   THE  PURPOSE WAS TO GIVE US A





SOLID INFORMATIONAL  BASIS SO  THAT WHEN WE TOLD




AN INDUSTRY TO SPEND THREE  MILLION DOLLARS WE




WERE NOT GUESSING, AND INDUSTRY IMPLIED THAT WE




WOULD PAY THEIR  SHARE  OF THE  COST OF THIS STUDY,




WHICH WAS ESTIMATED  AT ANYWHERE FROM TWO MILLION




TO FOUR MILLION  DOLLARS  TOTAL.




        I STILL  DON'T  THINK THAT INDUSTRY HAS





MET ITS RESPONSIBILITIES IN SUPPORTING THIS STUDY




WITH MEANINGFUL  CASH CONTRIBUTIONS.   SO ''MISTER,




IF YOU HAVEN'T GOT A DOLLAR,  DON'T TELL ME HOW





TO RUN MY BUSINESS.1'

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                                                      254
                                   (APPLAUSE).
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MR. YANTIS, CO-CHAIRMAN.
               THE NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. C. H. CONNELL
       FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCH IN
       GALVESTON.  DR. CONNELL.
DR. CONNELL:  MR. GALEGAR, MR. YANTIS, PANEL MEMBERS,
       THANK YOU FOR THE INVITATION TO PRESENT A STATE-
       MENT TODAY.
               MR. GALEGAR, BEFORE I READ THE PREPARED
       STATEMENT, MAY I ATTEMPT A VERBAL COMMENT AT THE
       REQUEST OF MAYOR LOWRY?
MR. GALEGAR:  GO AHEAD.
DR. CONNELL:  YOU REMEMBER THIS MORNING MAYOR LOWRY GOT
       QUITE EMBARRASSED BECAUSE HE COULDN'T REMEMBER
       WHAT THAT STUFF WE WERE TRYING TO MOVE FROM THIS
       PLANT NUMBER 2 WAS, AND I MET HIM OUT THERE JUST
       AFTER THAT AND HE SAID, "I  THOUGHT OF IT, IT'S
       PHOSPHORUS. '  AND HE COULDN'T REMEMBER WHETHER IT
       WAS COD, POD, BACTERIA, OR WHAT IT WAS, BUT HE
       NOW REMEMBERED PHOSPHORUS.
               OF COURSE, I REGRET I WAS NOT ABLE TO
       IMPRESS UPON HIM THE IMPORTANCE OF PHOSPHORUS

-------
                                                255
          DR. C. H. CONNELL







IN OUR WASTEWATER GOING  INTO OUR  STREAMS,  BUT




HE IS IMPRESSED ENOUGH TO  BE VERY  COOPERATIVE




IN A PROJECT OF RESEARCH,  DEMONSTRATION  PROJECT,





THAT WE ARE CONDUCTING AT  THIS  TREATMENT PLANT




NUMBER 2, MAKING THE PLANT WHOLLY  AVAILABLE  TO




US TO OPERATE AS WE SEE  BEST, NOT  ONLY  TO REMOVE




THE NORMAL COMPONENTS, NORMAL POLLUTION  COMPON-




ENTS, THAT WE TRY TO REMOVE FROM  SEWAGE,  BUT ALSO




TO REMOVE PHOSPHORUS, WHICH IS  A  COMPONENT THAT




DOES PROMOTE EXCESSIVE ORGANIC  GROWTH  IN RECEIV-




ING WATERS.




        AND HE HAS ASKED US TO  PROVIDE  HIM A





WRITTEN STATEMENT TO BE ATTACHED  TO  THIS  STATE-




MENT TODAY AND RELATIVE TO THE  PROJECT,  AND  IN




BRIEF IT IS THIS, THE RESEARCH  DEMONSTRATION




PROJECT, TEXAS CITY NUMBER 2 WASTEWATER  TREAT-




MENT PLANT, SUPPORTED BY THE SOAP  AND DETERGENT




CORPORATION, THE CALGON CORPORATION  AND  THE





FEDERAL WATTER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION,




IS BEING CONDUCTED IN COLLABORATION  WITH  TEXAS




CITY TO DEMONSTRATE THE EFFECTIVENESS,  THE




FEASIBILITY AND REMOVAL OF PHOSPHORUS FROM

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                                                256
          DR. C. H.  CONNELL







WASTEWATER AT A LEVEL  OF  ABOUT  THREE-QUARTER




MILLION GALLONS DAILY.  WE ARE  MAKING PROGRESS




ON THIS AND WE'LL HEAR  MOiiE  ON  IT LATER.





        AS TO THE WRITTEN STATEMENT,  THE  SUBJECT




IS -PHOSPHORUS FROM  THE ESTUARY WATERSHEDS OF




THE GALVESTON BAY."




        FIRST, THE TRINITY.   BY THE WAY,  SOME





OF THESE DATA I'M QUOTING TAKEN FROM STUDIES




THE PAST TWO OR THREE  YEARS,  THREE  OR FOUR YEARS,




IS RESEARCH SUPPORTED  BY  SEVERAL RIVER AUTHORI-




TIES AND TEXAS WATER QUALITY  BOARD.




        THE OBSERVED AVERAGE  DAILY  TRANSPORT LOAD




OF PHOSPHORUS IN THE TRINITY  AT THE USGS  GAGING





STATION NEAR ROMAYOR—THAT'S  BETWEEN LIBERTY




AND THE SITE OF LAKE LIVINGSTON DAM--, OCTOBER




1, 1965 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30,  1966--IN 1966 WATER




YEAR—WAS APPROXIMATELY 100,000 POUNDS OF PHOS-




PHATE, THAT IS, THE  EQUIVALENT  PO^  CHEMICAL





SYMBOL FOR PHOSPHATE,  AVERAGE OF 1.05 PARTS





PER MILLION SOLUBLE  PHOSPHATE,  FOR  THIS WET




YEAR A FLOW OF 6.5 MILLION ACRE-FEET--A MEAN




FLOW RATE 39^6 CFS.  EIGHTY  TO  NINETY PERCENT

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                                                257
          DR. C. H. CONNELL







OF THE SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS ORIGINATED  FROM MUNICI-




PAL WASTEWATER.  IN THE  1966-67  WATER YEAR,  DRY





YEAR, PHOSPHORUS FROM MUNICIPAL  WASTEWATER WAS




SUFFICIENT TO CONTRIBUTE A WEIGHTED AVERAGE  OF





5 PARTS PER MILLION P04 TO THE TOTAL  OF  1.3  MILLION





ACRE-FEET OF FLOW THROUGH THE ROMAYOR STATION.




        INCIDENTALLY, THAT IS ALSO  1.05  MILLI-




GRAMS PER LITER OF SUSPENDED PHOSPHATE DURING




THE WET YEAR, ALONG WITH 1.05 MILLIGRAM  PARTS




PER MILLION OF SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE.




        MOST OF THE SUSPENDED PHOSPHATE  IS SILT-





BORN, BUT SIGNIFICANT PORTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED




WITH ORGANIC MATTER FROM UPSTREAM BIOLOGICAL




GROWTH.  SUCH GROWTH TAKING TWO  TO THREE  POUNDS




OF PO^ FOR EACH 100 POUNDS OF ORGANIC MATTER




PRODUCED.  THE SUSPENDED PHOSPHATE REACHING  THE




ESTUARY IS DEPOSITED WITH LITTLE OF THE  SILT-




BORN BUT MUCH OF THE ORGANIC-ASSOCIATED  PHOS-





PHORUS BECOMING READILY AVAILABLE FOR PROMOTION




OF ADDITIONAL BIOLOGICAL GROWTH.




        LAKE LIVINGSTON, UPON COMPLETION,  WILL




FOR MANY YEARS ASSIMILATE MOST OF THE PHOSPHORUS

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                                                258
          DR. C. H. CONNELL







ENTERING THE LAKE, WITH  DETRIMENTAL ORGANIC




GROWTH IN THE LAKE, BUT  AFFORDING  PROTECTION TO




THE TRINITY ESTUARY.




        NOW TO HOUSTON SHIP  CHANNEL,  PLUS  UPPER




AND LOWER ESTUARIES.





        FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER  ALONE, APPROXI-




MATELY 250 POUNDS OF PHOSPHATE ARE ENTERING WITH




EACH MILLION GALLONS OF  MUNICIPAL  WASTEWATER




EFFLUENT; 25,000 POUNDS  PER  MILLION DAY  PER





MILLION SEWERED POPULATION;  THIS WITHOUT DEMON-




STRABLE DETRIMENT IN AREAS HEAVILY POLLUTED BY




ORGANIC MATTER, BUT WITHOUT  ADEQUATE  ASSIMILA-




TION OF THE PHOSPHORUS,  AND  THEREFORE PERMITTING




RESIDUAL PHOSPHORUS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER




AND OTHER SOURCES AS YET NOT DETERMINED  TO MOVE




INTO AREAS FOR PROMOTION OF  HEAVY  BIOLOGICAL




GROWTH.




        A RECOMMENDATION:  IT is RECOMMENDED




THAT STUDIES BE EXTENDED AND INTENSIFIED ON





SOURCES,  LOADS, AND FATE OF  PHOSPHORUS  IN  THE




GALVESTON BAY ESTUARY TO DELINEATE THE EXTENT




OF DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS AND TO POINT TO MEANS

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                                                       259
                 DR. C. H. CONNELL







       FOR REDUCING THESE EFFECTS.




               THANK YOU.





MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, DR. CONNELL.




               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS?  ANY  QUESTIONS




       ON THIS SIDE?




MR. SORRELS:  NO.





MR. GALEGAR:  ANY QUESTIONS  IN THE AUDIENCE?




               DR. CONNELL,  LET ME JUST ASK YOU  ONE




       QUESTION, IF I MIGHT, AND  IT MAY BE PREMATURE,




       IN YOUR ESTIMATION OF THE  PHOSPHATE PROBLEM,




       WOULD IT APPEAR THAT  IT IS PRACTICAL TO CONTROL





       THIS PARTICULAR POLLUTANT  AND  ITS SPREAD  OVER




       OUR WATER-BORN ENVIRONMENT, TO AT LEAST CONTROL




       IT TO THE POINT WHERE IT DOESN'T BECOME A PROB-




       LEM?




DR. CONNELL:  THE ANSWER IS YES.




               I WOULD ILLUSTRATE BY  SOME OBSERVATIONS —




       AND, MR. YANTIS, YOU WILL  GET  THIS FINAL  REPORT




       FAIRLY SOON ON THESE  RIVERS--THAT IN THE  TRINITY




       RIVER THAT IS RECEIVING DAILY  ABOUT 25 TONS PER




       DAY OF PHOSPHATE, PO^, FROM MUNICIPAL  WASTEWATER,





       AND SOME ADDITIONAL SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS FROM

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                                                260
RUNOFF, BUT SIGNIFICANT, MOST OF  IT  FROM  MUNICI-




PAL WASTEWATER.   IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED  OVER  A




73-DAY PERIOD OF  CONTINUOUS SAMPLING THAT ALTHOUGH




GROWTH WAS SO HEAVY THAT THE RIVER WAS--THE TRIN-




ITY RIVER AND GREEN RIVER--AND  THE PHOSPHORUS




WAS DROPPED OUT AT THE RATE OF  ABOUT 20 TONS  PER





DAY IN A 400 MILE STRETCH.  AND THIS WAS  PRACTIC-





ALLY ORGANIC MATTER, AT THE RATE  OF  BETTER  THAN




40 OR 50 POUNDS OF ORGANIC MATTER, FOR EACH




PHOSPHATE POUND REMOVED.  AND THAT ORGANIC  MATTER




LATER WAS MOSTLY  DEPOSITED IN THE BAY  IN  A  DE-




CAYING CONDITION.




        AND THE QUESTION UOW IS THIS SOLELY DUE




TO PHOSPHATE OR IS IT ALSO NITROGEN?




        WELL, IN  PRODUCING THIS SOMETHING OVER




A MILLION POUNDS  A DAY OF ORGANIC MATTER  FOR  EVERY




POUND OF PHOSPHATE THAT ALGAE HAD TO HAVE,  THEY





HAD TO HAVE ABOUT FIVE POUNDS OF  NITROGEN,  AND




THAT NITROGEN WAS NOT AVAILABLE FROM RUNOFF,  NOT




AVAILABLE FROM FERTILIZERS EITHER; IT  WAS NOT




AVAILABLE FROM EITHER THE NITROGEN OF  THE SEWAGE,




SEWAGE EFFLUENTS.  THESE ALGAE  HAD TO  GROW  TO

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                                                      261
       PRODUCE THEIR OWN NITROGEN IN A PURE SENSE, SO
       IN THIS CASE PHOSPHATE WAS A LIMITED FACTOR IN
       PRODUCING THAT.
               NOW, WITH THE SILT-BORN MATERIAL GOING
       DOWN THE RIVER, MAYBE A LOT OF OUR PHOSPHATE AND
       ORGANIC MATTER WOULD BE ASSIMILATED, BUT ANY
       AMOUNT THAT WE CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF PHOS-
       PHORUS COMING IN WILL REDUCE THE PROBLEM, AND IF
       WE CAN REDUCE 80% WE'LL GO A LONG WAY TOWARD
       IMPROVING THE CONDITION.
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, DR. CONNELL.
               THIS IS THE MOST INTERESTING ASPECT OF
       OUR BATTLE TO CONTROL POLLUTION.
               THE NEXT SPEAKER THAT I HAVE--
MR. WALKER:  I'M GOING TO HAVE TO LEAVE, BUT MAY i
       INTERRUPT HERE JUST A MOMENT TO MAKE A STATEMENT
       HERE?
MR. GALEGAR:  WOULD YOU IDENTIFY YOURSELF?
MR. WALKER:  i AM JACK WALKER AND i AM REPRESENTING
       BOTH THE HOUSTON SPORTMEN'S CLUB AND BAYSHORE
       ROD AND GUN CLUB, THESE ORGANIZATIONS ARE CON-
       SERVATION ORGANIZATIONS, ONE LOCATED IN THE CITY

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                                                262
OF HOUSTON AND THE OTHER ONE  IN  THE  CITY  OF  BAY-




TOWN.




        I WOULD LIKE TO SAY HERE  FOR THE  RECORD




THAT WE ARE WHOLLY, HEARTILY  SUPPORTING  THE




GALVESTON BAY STUDY ADVISORY  BOARD,  WORKING  WITH




MR. YANTIS AND COLONEL BENDER.   WHILE WE  CAN'T




FINANCIALLY SUPPORT IT, WE ARE GIVING IT  ALL





THE PUBLIC SUPPORT WE CAN.




        THERE HAS BEEN MENTIONED HERE THIS AFTER-




NOON OR TODAY ABOUT THE CREATION  OF  A GALVESTON




BAY AUTHORITY, HAVING TO DO WITH  POLLUTION.   WE




GIVE THIS OUR WHOLEHEARTED SUPPORT,  WE FEEL  THAT




ONE OF THE MAJOR PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITHIN  THIS





AREA—WE'VE HEARD TODAY THE VARIOUS  AGENCIES,




BOTH ON THE STATE AND LOCAL AND  FEDERAL  LEVEL,




AGENCIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE  CONTROL OF  POLLUTION




IN OUR AREA, GALVESTON BAY AREA.





        CERTAINLY THAT'S UNDERSTANDABLE  BECAUSE




OF THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM,  BUT IT'S VERY





DIFFICULT, HAVING BEEN ASSOCIATED  WITH THIS




PROBLEM FOR A GOOD MANY YEARS, TO  TRY TO  WORK




THE PROBLEM THROUGH WHEN THERE ARE SO MANY

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                                                       263
       AGENCIES  INVOLVED  IN TRYING  TO  SOLVE  THE  PARTICU-




       LAR PROBLEM.





               SO WE THINK THAT  THE CREATION OF  AN




       AUTHORITY, SUCH AS PERHAPS THE  GALVESTON  BAY




       AUTHORITY, WOULD GO A  LONG WAY  TO  HELP SOLVE  THE





       PROBLEMS  IN OUR AREA.  WE ARE HOPING  THAT THIS




       BILL WILL PASS--SENATOR COLE WILL  BE  SUCCESSFUL,




       AND WE WILL GIVE IT ALL OUR  SUPPORT  IN THE NEXT





       SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE.




               IN THE ABSENCE OF THE PASSAGE OF  THIS




       BILL, I WOULD LIKE TO  GO  ON  RECORD AS SAYING  WE





       RECOMMEND TO CONGRESS, IN THE ABSENCE THE STATE




       DOES NOT ACT IN THE VERY  NEAR FUTURE, IN  CREATION




       OF AN AGENCY THAT WILL HAVE  THE  OVERALL AUTHORITY




       TO TAKE ACTION, THEN CONGRESS SHOULD  ACT  AND




       CREATE SUCH AN AUTHORITY.




               THIS IS THE CONCLUSION  OF  THE STATEMENT.





MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU.  DO  YOU HAVE  ANY QUESTIONS?




       ANY QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE, LADIES AND





       GENTLEMEN?




               THANK YOU FOR  SPEAKING  UP  ON  THIS SUBJECT,




       WE'RE SORRY THAT WE DIDN'T GET  TO  YOU SOONER.

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                                                26^
        NOTES ON GALVESTON BAY POLLUTION BY




HOUSTON SPORTSMEN'S CLUB, INC.:





        WATER POLLUTION  IN GALVESTON BAY COMES





FROM MANY SOURCES.  WE ARE LISTING A FEW OF




THESE SOURCES AND THE RESULTS OF THEIR POLLUT-




ANTS ENTERING THE GALVESTON BAY COMPLEX.




        1.  THE HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL (BUFFALO




BAYOU).  THIS STREAM IS CALLED ONE OF THE WORST




POLLUTED IN THE SOUTH.  ON ITS BANKS MANY AND




VARIED TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL PLANTS ARE LOCATED.





AMONG THEM ARE OIL REFINERIES, CHEMICAL PLANTS




OF VARIOUS TYPES, A PAPER MANUFACTURING PLANT





AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANTS FOR THE CITY OF




HOUSTON AND PASADENA.




        WHEN THIS STREAM IS SWOLLEN BY TORREN-




TIAL RAINS IT EMPTIES ITS WATER, ALONG WITH




MANY TYPES OF POLLUTANTS INTO THE GALVESTON




BAY COMPLEX.  RESULTS:  A TREMENDOUS FISH KILL.





THIS HAS HAPPENED SEVERAL TIMES IN THE PAST





FIVE YEARS.




        2.  SEA-GOING SHIPS (TANKERS MOSTLY).




TANKERS LEAVING DOCKS ALONG THE HOUSTON SHIP

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                                                265
CHANNEL ARE USUALLY  LOADED  WITH  DIESEL OIL,





CRUDE OIL, GASOLINE,  CHEMICALS OF VARIOUS TYPES




AND OTHER LIQUIDS.   WHEN  THESE TANKERS REACH




THEIR DESTINATION AND EMPTY  THEIR CARGO THEY




FILL THEIR TANKERS WITH SEAWATER BALLAST TO





BALANCE THE SHIP.




        UPON ENTERING THE GALVESTON  BAY AREA




OF THE HOUSTON SHIP  CHANNEL  ON THEIR RETURN  FOR




RELOADING THEY START EMPTYING THEIR  SEAWATER




BALLAST INTO THE GALVESTON  BAY COMPLEX.  THIS




WATER POLLUTED WITH  WHATEVER LIQUID  THEIR TANKS





CONTAINED PREVIOUSLY HAS  SERIOUS EFFECTS UPON




MARINE LIFE IN THE BAY ALONG THIS SHIP CHANNEL.




TOP-OF-THE-WATER FEEDERS  SUCH AS SPECKLED TROUT




SMELL AND TASTE LIKE OIL  PRODUCTS WHICH RENDERS




THEM UNUSABLE AS FOOD.  BOTTOM FEEDING FISH  SUCH




AS DRUM, SHEEPSHEAD,  CROAKERS, GAFTOPS, ETC.,




ARE RENDERED UNUSABLE  AS  A  FOOD  BY THE CHEMICALS




WHICH SETTLE TO THE  BAY BOTTOM.




        3.  TEXAS CITY INDUSTRIAL AREA.  THIS





AREA, ALONG THE BANKS  OF  GALVESTON dAY ON THE




MAINLAND NEAR GALVESTON CONSISTS OF  OIL REFIN-

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                                                '66
ERIES, CHEMICAL PLANTS AND A  TIN  SMELTER.




        IN THE EARLY PART OF  1965 A FISH  KILL




OF TREMENDOUS PROPORTIONS RESULTED FROM POLLU-




TION.  A SAMPLE OF THE BAY WATER  BETWEEN  THE




RAILROAD AND AUTOMOBILE CAUSEWAYS WAS  SENT  TO





U. S. CUSTOMS LAB IN NEW ORLEANS  FOR ANALYSIS.




A COPY OF THE LABORATORY REPORT  IS ATTACHED TO





THESE NOTES FOR THE COMMITTEE'S  INFORMATION.




BOTTOM-FEEDING FISH IN THIS INDUSTRIAL AREA





ARE NOT EATABLE.  WHEN OPENED FOR CLEANING  THEY





SMELL OF CHEMICALS INSTEAD OF FRESH FISH.   IN





JULY 1968, SOME WERE CAUGHT AND  THEIR  INTESTINES




EXAMINED.   A BLUE-GREEN SUBSTANCE WAS  FOUND THAT




HAD AN ODOR OF SOME TYPE OF SULFIDE, WHICH  THEY




HAD PICKED UP OFF THE BAY BOTTOM.




        4.  THE GREAT OYSTER  KILL.   IN THE  EARLY




AND MIDDLE 1950'S WEST GALVESTON  BAY AROUND NORTH




DEER ISLAND AND SOUTH DEuR ISLAND WAS  AMONG THE




BEST OYSTER HARVESTING AREAS  OF  THE GULF  COAST.




TODAY, THE ONLY THING FOUND IN THESE AREAS  ARE





DEAD OYSTER SHELLS THAT HAVE  TURNED GREEN FROM




CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS.  AS EARLY AS FALL OF 1967

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                                                267
LIVE, HEALTHY OYSTERS EXISTED  IN  THE  LAKES




BORDERING BASTROP BAYOU BETWEEN GALVESTON AND




FREEPORT.  INSPECTION OF OYSTERS  IN THIS AREA




IN JULY, 1968 INDICATED THESE  SHELL FISH WERE




FAST BECOMING VICTIMS OF A CHEMICAL POLLUTANT





THAT TURNS THEIR SHELL A SLICK DARK GREEN COLOR.




SOME SPORTSMEN ATTRIBUTE THIS  TO  CHEMICAL PLANTS




IN THE AREA AND SOME OTHERS CLAIM THE  DUMPING




VATS OF A PAPER MILL BEHIND THE CITY  OF HITCH-




COCK SPILL OVER INTO THE GALVESTON BAY AREA





CAUSING THIS LATEST SHELL FISH KILL.   THESE  VATS





BELONG TO A HOUSTON PAPER MANUFACTURING COMPANY.




        REPORT FROM U. S. CUSTOMS  LABORATORY:




        THE SAMPLE, AS EVIDENCE BY ODOR AND




CHEMICAL TEST, CONTAINS DISSOLVED SULFIDES AND




YIELDS HYDROGEN SULFIDE GAS ON HEATING.




        SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS FOR METAL SALTS




INDICATES THAT ONLY THOSE METAL ELEMENTS NORM-





ALLY EXPECTED IN SEA WATER ARE PRESENT.




        HYDROGEN SULFIDE, A FLAMMABLE  GAS WITH





THE CHARACTERISTIC ODOR OF ROTTEN  EGGS, IS




EXTREMELY POISONOUS AND CAUSES DEATH  BY RESPIRA-

-------
                                                       268
       TORY FAILURE IN MAN AND OTHER ANIMALS.   IN




       ITSELF IT IS POISONOUS TO FISH AND,  IN  ADDITION,




       THROUGH THE CHEMICAL ACTION  DESCRIBED BELOW,




       LOWERS THE AMOUNT OF ABSORBED OXYGEN  IN WATER  -




       THE OXYGEN NEEDED BY FISH TO LIVE.




               HYDROGEN SULFIDE RESULTS  FROM THE DECAY




       OF ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS  AND  IS WIDELY DISTRI-




       BUTED IN INDUSTRY IN THE WASTE WATERS AND SEW-




       AGE FROM TANNERIES, GLUE FACTORIES,  SUGAR REFIN-




       ERIES, VISCOSE RAYON FACTORIES,  OIL  REFINERIES,




       COAL, SULFUR, OR GYPSUM MINES, AND IN AMMONIACAL




       GAS LIQUOR (FROM DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF




       BITUMINOUS COAL IN GAS OR COKE MANUFACTURE),




       SULFUR DYE LIQUORS, SEPTIC SEWAGE, ETC.  IT  IS




       SOLUBLE IN WATER, HOWEVER, IN WATER  SOLUTION  IT




       REACTS WITH OXYGEN ABSORBED  FROM THE AIR AND




       DEPOSITS FINELY DIVIDED ELEMENTAL SULFUR.




MR. GALEGAR:  SHALL WE RECONVENE THE MEETING AND PRO-




       CEED?




               WOULD THE REPRESENTATIVE  FROM THE GAL-




       VESTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE COME  UP TO THE FRONT




       HERE JUST FOR A MOMENT?

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                                                       209
                         (DISCUSSION  OFF  THE  RECORD.)




MR. GALEGAR:  THE NEXT SPEAKER  IS CHARLES  COLBY  FROM





       THE GALVESTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.   CHARLES.




MR. COLBY:  GENTLEMEN, TODAY I REPRESENT  THE  CHAMBER




       OF COMMERCE OF GALVESTON THROUGH THEIR AIR  AND




       WATER POLLUTION COMMITTEE.   I  SPEAK FOR MYSELF




       AND THE CHAMBER WHEN I SAY WE  ARE  HAPPY TO  SEE




       EVIDENCE OF INTEREST IN THE  POLLUTION  PROBLEM




       BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY.




               A WRITTEN REPORT WILL  BE SUBMITTED  TO




       YOUR GROUP LATER COVERING THE  ENTIRE FIELD  OF





       AIR AND WATER POLLUTION AS IT  AFFECTS  US  LOCALLY.





               AT THIS TIME, MY PURPOSE IS TO CALL TO




       YOUR ATTENTION ONE SOURCE OF POLLUTION THAT MAY




       HAVE ESCAPED YOUR NOTICE.  GALVESTON BEACH, AND




       THE BEACHES OF ALL GULF PORTS, ARE  PLAGUED  ,VITH




       OIL, TAR, AND TRASH THAT HAS BEEN  DUMPED  FROM





       SHIPS IN VIOLATION OF EXISTING FEDERAL AND  STATE




       LAW.  WE ARE TOLD THE LAW IS UNENFORCEABLE.




       THE ECONOMY OF THIS AREA IS  DEPENDENT  ON  OUR  BEACH




       FOR ONE THIRD OR MORE OF ITS DOLLAR VALUE.  THE





       RECREATIONAL VALUE OF THE BEACHES  IS GREATLY

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                                                       270
                 MR. CHARLES COLBY







       IMPARED 3Y THE CUMPING OF THIS  BILGE  MATERIAL,




       GARBAGE AND SO FORTH.




               WHILE THIS IS A SMALL FRACTION  OF  OUR




       POLLUTION PROBLEM, WE FEEL  IT IS WORTHY  OF NOTE




       SINCE ITS DOLLAR VALUE IS SO HIGH AND SINCE IT





       SPOILS THE RECREATION VALUE OF  OUR  GULF  BEACHES




       FOR OVER 6,000,000 INLAND FAMILIES  WHO  WANT CLEAN




       BEACHES.  THIS 6,000,000 PEOPLE  REPRESENT  92





       TIMES THE POPULATION OF GALVESTON ISLAND.   AS A




       RESULT, IT SEEMS TO BE A PROBLEM OF NATIONAL INTER-




       EST.





               WE HAVE HADE A WRITTEN  APPEAL TO EACH




       SHIP'S MASTER THAT ENTERS OR LEAVES THE  PORT OF




       GALVESTON OR OUR SISTER PORTS WITHIN  50  MILES.




       WE CAN ONLY APPEAL TO THEIR GOOD NATURE.   WE




       WOULD LIKE FOR OUR COAST GUARD  TO HAVE  SUITABLE




       LAWS SO ENFORCEMENT COULD BE POSSIBLE.




               THANK YOU, GENTLEMEN.





MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MR. COLBY.  WOULD YOU  GIVE




       YOUR STATEMENT TO THE REPORTER?




               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS?





MR. YANTIS:  BECAUSE OF OUR ECHOES IN  THE  ROOM  IT'S

-------
                                                       271
       HARD TO HEAR.   I WISH YOU WOULD  READ  THAT  FIRST




       SENTENCE OR TWO AGAIN.




MR. COLBY:  YES, SIR.





               I REPRESENT THE CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE




       THROUGH THEIR AIR AND WATER POLLUTION  COMMITTEE.





       I SPEAK FOR MYSELF AND THE CHAMBER  WHEN  I  SAY




       WE ARE HAPPY TO SEE EVIDENCE OF  INTEREST  IN  THE




       POLLUTION PROBLEM BY FEDERAL AUTHORITY.




MR. YANTIS:  NO.  THE  PART YOU MENTIONED,  YOU SAID  SOME-





       THING ABOUT BEACHES COVERED WITH OIL.




MR. COLBY:  I AM AFRAID NOT, SIR.  YOU  MUST HAVE  MIS-




       UNDERSTOOD.




               I SAID  THIS:




               THE RECREATIONAL VALUE OF THE  BEACHES




       IS GREATLY IMPARED BY THE DUMPING OF THIS  BILGE




       MATERIAL, GARBAGE AND SO FORTH.  GALVESTON BEACH




       AND BEACHES OF ALL GULF PORTS ARE PLAGUED  WITH




       OIL, TAR AND TRASH THAT HAS BEEN DUMPED  FROM





       SHIPS IN VIOLATION OF EXISTING FEDERAL AND STATE





       LAW.




MR. YANTIS:  THIS is THE POINT,  i HAD  THE  IMPRESSION




       THAT YOU WERE SAYING THAT THEY WERE CONSISTENTLY

-------
                                                      272
       COVERED WITH, WHICH I DO HOT THINK  IS CORRECT.



MR. COLBY:  NO, SIR.  THAT WOULD BE AN  INCORRECT STATE-



       MENT.



MR. YANTIS:  FREQUENTLY BOTHERED.



MR. COLBY:  WE ARE FREQUENTLY BOTHERED.  YES, SIR.



MR. GALEGAR:  ARE THERE ANY OTHER QUESTIONS BY THE



       PANEL?...BY THE AUDIENCE?



               MAY I JUST ASK FOR ONE ADDITIONAL BIT



       OF INFORMATION, IF IT'S POSSIBLE FOR YOU TO SUP-



       PLY ME, MR. COLBY?



MR. COLBY:  I WILL TRY.



MR. GALEGAR:  YOU MENTION THAT THE BEACHES ARE USED,



       DID YOU SAY, BY 8,000,000 PEOPLE?



MR. COLBY:  6,000,000, SIR, ACCORDING ID OUR MOST RECENT



       SURVEY.  THAT IS PER YEAR.  THAT IS ON AN ANNUAL



       BASIS.



MR. GALEGAR:  is THERE ANY WAY THAT THE CHAMBER OF



       COMMERCE OR THE GROUP THAT IT MAY HAVE CONTACT



       WITH BE ABLE TO PROVIDE ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE USE



       OF THE BEACHES IF THEY ARE MAINTAINED IN A SATIS-



       FACTORY CONDITION?



MR. COL3Y:  I AM CERTAIN IT WOULD TAKE A STUDY OVER A

-------
                                                273
PERIOD OF TIME, BECAUSE AT THIS TIME THE  65,000





GALVESTON RESIDENTS ARE PAYING TAXES TO PROVIDE




A GREAT DEAL OF UPKEEP AND MAINTENANCE ON THE




BEACHES ALREADY.




        NOW, YOU CAN CHECK THE GALVESTON  TAX





ROLLS AND YOU WILL FIND THAT THE TAXES ARE  QUITE




HIGH.




        WE HAVE BEEN KEEPING THEM CLEAN TO  THE




BEST OF OUR ABILITY.  HOWEVER, THERE ARE  TIMES





WHEN IT'S IMPOSSIBLE.  AND THIS SITUATION EXISTS




BECAUSE THE OIL THAT IS DUMPED IS NOT IN  HUGE





QUANTITIES, THE TARS THAT SHOW UP ON THE  BEACH,





AS THE GENTLEMAN POINTED OUT, ARE NOT IN  HUGE




QUANITIES.  IF THEY WERE, IT WOULD THEN BE  POSSI-




BLE TO REGULATE AND HAVE A BIG SYPHON-SORT  OF




ARRANGEMENT WHERE YOU ASSESS EVERYONE--TO GO OUT




AND ASSESS EVERYONE, TO GO OUT AND SUCK ALL OF




THIS STUFF UP.  AS IT IS, YOU GET ENOUGH  OF THIS





STUFF WHERE THE PEOPLE ON THE BEACH GET IT  ALL




OVER THEMSELVES, WHERE THEY WILL NOT COME  BACK.




        NOW, HOW MANY WILL NOT COME BACK  WE CAN-





NOT SAY.  WE DO KNOW THAT IF THE BEACHES  WERE

-------
                                                      274
       CLEAN WE WOULD HAVE A LOT LESS UNHAPPY PEOPLE.
               NOW, AS FAR AS THE STUDY ON THIS IS
       CONCERNED, IT WOULD PROBABLY TAKE SEVERAL SEASONS
       TO GIVE YOU ANYTHING THAT WOULD BE ACCURATE.  WE
       HAVE TO START FROM A BASE LIST THAT WE HAVE TO-
       DAY.  BUT WE DO KNOW THAT AT THIS TIME THE EX-
       PENSE IS QUITE HIGH TO MAINTAIN THE BEACHES IN
       THE CONDITION THAT WE ARE ABLE TO MAINTAIN THEM
       AT THIS TIME.
MR. GALEGAR:  ONE ADDITIONAL QUESTION.
MR. COLBY:  YES.
MR. GALEGAR:  IS THE 6,000,000 ARRIVED AT BY AUTOMOBILE
       COUNT OR IS THAT AN ESTIMATE BASED ON SOME OTHER
       METHOD?
MR. COLBY;  SIR, i AM AFRAID i AM NOT PREPARED TO ANSWER
       THAT ACCURATELY.  HOWEVER, WE WILL SUPPLY YOU WITH
       THIS INFORMATION WHEN WE GIVE YOU THE TOTAL BREAK-
       DOWN ON THE OTHER.
               WE DO HAVE A STUDY, BUT I CAN'T GIVE YOU
       THE BASIS OF THE STUDY.  I DON'T KNOW.
MR. GALEGAR:  VERY FINE.  WE WOULD APPRECIATE THAT,
       MR. COLBY.

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                                                      275
MR. COLBY:  YES, SIR.



MR. GALEGAR:  MR. YANTIS HAS SOME ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS.



MR. YANTIS:  WELL, IT'S PROBABLY THE SAME QUESTION, BUT



       IF YOU TAKE 6,000,000 DIVIDED BY A HUNDRED,



       ROUGHLY THREE MONTHS, THAT IS ROUGHLY THE SUMMER



       SEASON, 6,000 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENT PEOPLE PER



       DAY, I WONDER IF THE 6,000,000 IS NOT MAN DAYS



       RATHER THAN NUMBER OF PEOPLE, BECAUSE, IN OTHER



       WORDS, SOMEBODY IS HERE TODAY, THAT COUNTS TWICE,



MR. COLBY:  IT COULD WELL BE, SIR.  I AM NOT IN A POSI-



       TION TO ANSWER THAT AT THIS TIME.



MR. YANTIS:  BUT YOU WOULD HAVE IT IN YOUR DATA?



MR. COLBY:  YES, SIR.  I AM SURE THE BASE COULD BE



       DETERMINED, BECAUSE THE STUDY DOES EXIST, BUT I



       AM NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE STUDY, ONLY THE RESULTS



       OF IT.



MR. YANTIS:  THANK YOU.



MR. COLBY:  THANK YOU.



MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MR. COLBY.



               THE NEXT SPEAKER IS ALBERT B. ATKINSON,



       SAN LEON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.



               I AM ADVISED THAT MR. ATKINSON HAS SUB-

-------
                                                       276
       MITTED A WRITTEN STATEMENT FOR THE  RECORD.




               THE NEXT SPEAKER  IS MR. H.  H.  MEREDITH,





       JR., TEXAS MID-CONTINENT  OIL £ GAS  ASSOCIATION.




       MR. MEREDITH.




MR. MEREDITH:  MR. GALEGAR, CO-CHAIRMAN YANTIS,  MR.





       WOOD, MR. SMOUSE, MR. SORRELS, HONORED GUESTS--




       IF THERE ARE ANY LEFT AT  THIS LATE  HOUR--LADIES




       AND GENTLEMEN, I AM H. H. MEREDITH, JR.,  AND  I





       PRESENT THIS STATEMENT ON BEHALF OF THE TEXAS




       MID-CONTINENT OIL £ GAS ASSOCIATION, A TRADE




       ORGANIZATION REPRESENTING COMPANIES WITH  OPERA-




       TIONS IN ALL SEGMENTS OF  THE TEXAS  OIL AND  GAS





       INDUSTRY.  THIS IS A CONSENSUS STATEMENT  OF THE




       ASSOCIATION'S TECHNICAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON AIR AND




       REFINERY EFFLUENT AND ITS TECHNICAL AND ENGINEER-




       IMG SUBCOMMITTEE, BOTH OF WHOM REPORT  TO  THE




       ASSOCIATION'S AIR AND WATER CONSERVATION  COMMIT-




       TEE.





               A FEW BRIEF STATISTICS WILL SERVE TO




       SHOW THE INTEGRAL PART THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY




       HAS IN THE ECONOMY OF THIS AREA AND THE DEGREE




       OF OUR RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WISE  USE OF THE

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                                                277
        MR. H. H. MEREDITH, JR.







STATE'S NATURAL RESOURCES.  THE  STATISTICS  WILL




REFER TO R. R. COMM. DISTRICT  III, WHICH  COVERS




SEVEN COASTAL OR ESTUARINE BORDERING  COUNTIES





ON THE TEXAS COAST FROM PORT LAVACA TO  PORT





ARTHUR, AND 22 INLAND COUNTIES.




        IN DISTRICT  III DURING  1966 THE  INDUSTRY




PRODUCED 133 MILLION BARRELS OF  CRUDE OIL AND




ABOUT 1-1/2 TRILLION CUBIC FEET  OF NATURAL  GAS,




VALUED AT ALMOST $600 MILLION.   ROYALTY  PAYMENTS




TO LANDOWNERS EXCEEDED $12 MILLION; AND  PRODUC-




TION TAXES TO THE STATE EXCEEDED $31  MILLION.




THE INDUSTRY OPERATES 18 REFINERIES AND  54  NATURAL





GASOLINE PLANTS; AND PAYMENTS  TO ITS  68,375 EM-




PLOYEES IN 1967 EXCEEDED $592  MILLION.




       WE APPRECIATE THE OPPORTUNITY  TO  MAKE A




STATEMENT AT THIS MEETING, WHICH WE UNDERSTAND




IS ONE OF A SERIES TO COMPLY WITH THE MANDATE




OF THE CLEAN WATER RESTORATION ACT OF 1966  TO




MAKE "A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS  OF





POLLUTION, INCLUDING SEDIMENTATION, IN  THE  ESTUAR-





IES AND ESTUARINE ZONES OF THE UNITED STATES.1'




THE ASSOCIATION IS IN AGREEMENT  THAT  SUCH A STUDY

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                                                278
        MR. H. H. MEREDITH,  JR.







IS ESSENTIAL  IF  INTELLIGENT  CONCLUSIONS  ARE TO




3E REACHED CONCERNING  THE  FUTURE  USE  OF  OUR




ESTUARIES AND ESTUARINE  ZONES.




        INASMUCH AS THE  ACT  OF  CONGRESS  EXPRESSLY




INCLUDES IN THE  SCOPE  OF SUCH ESTUARINE  STUDY




i!THE EFFECT OF...THE EXPLOITATION OF  MINERAL




RESOURCES AND FOSSIL FUELS...UPON THE POLLUTION




OF THE WATERS THEREIN,l:  WE ARE  ADDRESSING THIS




STATEMENT TO  THAT AREA OF  STUDY;  AND  WITHIN THAT




AREA WE HAVE  ATTEMPTED TO  DEVELOP CONCISE ANSWERS





TO THE SPECIFIC  QUESTIONS.




        1.  WHAT ARE THE VALUES OF AN ESTUARY?




        UNLIKE FRESH WATERS, THEY HAVE LITTLE




VALUE FOR CONSUMPTION. EXCEPT POSSIBLY FOR THOSE




RARE INSTANCES WHERE FEASIBILITY  OF SEA  WATER




CONVERSION IS BEING TESTED.  THEIR VALUE LIES




IN THEIR USE  FOR BENEFICIAL  PURPOSES.  BECAUSE




OF THE MANY BENEFICIAL USES  OF  ESTUARINE AREAS,




IT IS NOT POSSIBLE FOR US  TO DEVELOP  NUMERICAL





DOLLAR VALUES FOR THESE  AREAS.  HOWEVER,  TECHNOL-





OGY HAS ACHIEVED A LEVEL TODAY  WHERE  IT  IS SCIEN-




TIFICALLY POSSIBLE TO  MEET ALL  PRESENT QUALITY

-------
                                                280
        MR. H. H. MEREDITH,  JR.







CRITERIA, BUT  IN EVERY  INSTANCE  OF  MULTIPLE




USE WE BELIEVE IT IS ESSENTIAL TO BALANCE  THE




SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC GAINS AGAINST THE  COST OF




QUALITY IMPROVEMENT.  THIS BALANCING OF  INTER-





ESTS SHOULD BE DONE ONLY AFTER THE  DEVELOPMENT





AND EVALUATION OF BASIC SOCIAL,  ECONOMIC,  AND





SCIENTIFIC DATA.  WE ENDORSE  THIS STUDY  AUTHORI-




ZED BY CONGRESS AS A NECESSARY FIRST STEP.




        SECONDLY, HAVE THE ESTUARIES BEEN  DAMAGED




BY POLLUTION AND, IF SO, HOW  MUCH?





        THIS CAN BE DETERMINED ONLY BY LONG-





TERM COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATIONS.  NORMAL CYCLES




OF ECOLOGICAL CHANGES, FRESH  WATER  DIVERSIONS,




FLOOD CONTROL AND ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS,




AS WELL AS THE SOCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES




OF MAN, CREATE EFFECTS WHERE  AN  ACTUAL ASSESS-




MENT OF DAMAGE IS INDETERMINATE  WITH A CASUAL





SURVEY.  IN OUR INDUSTRY'S OPERATIONS  THESE




ESTUARIES ARE USED IN MANY CASES FOR CARRYING




TO THE OCEAN THE BRINE WHICH  IS  PRODUCED WITH





OIL AND GAS.  THIS IS AN AREA WHERE WE NEED SUB-




STANTIAL COMPREHENSIVE STUDY  TO  OBTAIN TRUE

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                                                281
        MR. H. H. MEREDITH, JR.







BASIC DATA ON THE OVERALL  LONG-TERM  EFFECT  IN





ORDER TO DEVELOP GOOD WATER MANAGEMENT  PLANS.





THERE IS LITTLE DOUBT THAT THE  PRESENCE  OF  FREE




OIL IN SUCH DISCHARGES CAN AND  HAS CAUSED DAMAGE




WE CONSIDER THAT FREE OIL  IN SUCH DISCHARGES





IS AN ABUSE AND NOT A USE, OF THE ESTUARIES.




TEXAS MID-CONTINENT SUPPORTS THE EFFORTS OF ALL




OIL AND GAS OPERATORS TO LOCATE AND  STOP SUCH




RELEASE OR ESCAPE OF OIL INTO ESTUARINE  ZONES.




        THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY  USES  SOME TEXAS




ESTUARIES AS RECEIVING WATERS FOR EFFLUENT  FROM





REFINERIES.  EFFLUENT QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS  ARC




BEING EFFECTED BY MOST REFINERIES SO THAT THE





POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGING DISCHARGES IS DECREAS-




ING.  WHERE ORDERS OF THE  TEXAS WATER QUALITY




BOARD ARE IN EFFECT, OUR INDUSTRY IS MOVING




RAPIDLY TOWARD ENHANCING EFFLUENT QUALITY AS





REQUIRED BY SUCH REGULATION.  FOR EXAMPLE,  MORE




THAN 90% OF THE WASTE WATER COVERED  BY  DISCHARGE




PERMITS FROM INDUSTRIAL PLANTS  ALONG THE HOUSTON




SHIP CHANNEL HAVE RECENTLY BEEN REVISED  AND UP-




DATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH TEXAS  WATER QUALITY

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                                                282
        MR. H. H. MEREDITH, JR.







BOARD RULES.  WE UNDERSTAND THE  REMAINING  PERMITS




ARE UNDER ACTIVE REVIEW AND WILL  BE  APPROVED





WHEN THE BOARD IS SATISFIED THEY  ARE ADEQUATE.





        IN BOTH CASES OF USE BY  THE  PRODUCING




AND REFINING SEGMENTS OF THE INDUSTRY,  WE  WISH




TO POINT OUT THAT THERE IS CONSIDERABLE ECONOMIC




NECESSITY FOR OUR USE OF THESE WATERS TO CONTINUE.




THERE COULD BE SERIOUS UNWARRANTED ECONOMIC  PENAL I -




TIES CREATED BY ANY SWEEPING ORDERS  PROHIBITING





DISCHARGES INTO BAYS AND ESTUARIES.   ANY SUCr,




ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN ONLY IF CAREFUL  STUDY OF




EACH AREA REVEALS THESE DISCHARGES ARE  PRECLUD-




ING OTHER, MORE IMPORTANT USES.




        NOW, AS TO WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF THE




NATION'S COASTAL ZONES?




        ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND  REASONABLE ACTION




BY BOTH INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT  SHOULD  ALLOW




CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE BENEFICIAL





USES OF THESE ZONES TO THEIR MAXIMUM PUBLIC




ECONOMICAL VALUE.  WE BELIEVE THAT IN DEVELOPING





THE CONCEPT OF BEST OVERALL ECONOMICAL  ANDSOCIAL





USE, MANY FACTORS MUST BE BALANCED TO OBTAIN

-------
                                                283
        MR. H. H. (MEREDITH, JR.







THE LOWEST COST/BENEFIT RATIO  FOR  THE  PUBLIC.





THIS IS WHY WE ENDORSE COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING





STUDIES.





        NOW, HOW CAN WE MAKE THE BEST  USE  OF





OUR ESTUARIES?





        A COMPREHENSIVE, LONG-RANGE AREA MANAGE-





MENT PLANNING STUDY SHOULD PROVIDE THE  BASIS  FOR





ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT.





SINCE WE BELIEVE IN A MULTI-USE CONCEPT, THE





GREATEST ECONOMICAL POTENTIAL  SHOULD BE REALIZED





WITHOUT HAVING TO COMPLETELY SACRIFICE  ANY NORMAL





USE.





        NOW, AS TO WHAT SYSTEM OF  MANAGEMENT  -





LOCAL,  STATE, FEDERAL, OR A COMBINATION -  WILL





PROVIDE ESTUARY DEVELOPMENT.





        IT IS OUR 3ELIEF THAT  FIRST-LINE MANAGE-





MENT OF ESTUARINE AREAS SHOULD REST WITH A LOCAL





GOVERNMENT AGENCY SO LONG AS IT HAS JURISDICTIOiJ





OVER THE ENTIRE BODY OF WATER.  A  SPECIFIC EXAM-





PLE IS  GALVESTON BAY.  BECAUSE THIS LARGE  BAY





BORDERS ON SEVERAL COUNTIES, AN INTER-COUNTY





OR STATE AGENCY IS NEEDED TO PROVIDE CONSISTENT

-------
        MR. H. H. MEREDITH, JR.







AND UNIFORM MANAGEMENT.  BUT EVEN  WHERE  ESTUARINE




WATERS HAVE PROBLEMS OF AN  INTERSTATE  NATURE,




WE BELIEVE MANAGEMENT SHOULD BE  IN THE HANDS  OF




AN AGENCY WITH MEMBERSHIP FROM THE LOCAL GOVERN-




MENTS; OR, IF THOUGHT NECESSARY, THE  INVOLVED





STATE GOVERNMENTS.  THEREFORE, ADDITIONAL STATE




LEGISLATION MAY BE NEEDED IN SOME  AREAS  TO PRO-




VIDE FOR REPRESENTATIVE MANAGEMENT.   WE,  OF




COURSE, RECOGNIZE THAT OTHER GOVERNMENTAL AGEN-




CIES WITH INTEREST IN THESE AREAS  SHOULD BE




REPRESENTED IN ANY PLANNING STUDY.





        THE ASSOCIATION HAS IN THE PAST  AND




WILL CONTINUE TO ENCOURAGE  CONSERVATION  OF OUR




NATURAL RESOURCES, INCLUDING ESTUARIES AND ESTUAR-




INE WATERS.  THE CONTINUED  REASONABLE  USE OF




ESTUARINE WATERS IS ESSENTIAL TO OUR  INDUSTRY IN





PROVIDING THE NATION WITH ENERGY FROM  PETROLEUM




FUELS.  IN USING THESE WATERS, WE  INTEND TO CON-




TINUE GOOD OPERATING PRACTICES SO  THAT THERE  WILL




BE NO UNREASONABLE ENCORACHMENT  ON OTHERS'  USE





OF THESE SAME WATERS.




        THANK YOU.

-------
                                                      285
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MR. MEREDITH.  YOU MIGHT WAIT



       JUST FOR A MOMENT.



               DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS FROM OUR CO-



       CHAIRMAN?



MR. WOOD:  MR. MEREDITH, I WOULD LIKE TO REPEAT MY RE-



       QUEST OF THIS MORNING TO THE CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS



       COUNCIL, THAT WE ARE AWARE OF COURSE SOME INDUS-



       TRIES OR INDUSTRY GROUPS WHO COLLECT DATA ON



       THE RECEIVING WATERS.  INASMUCH AS OUR STUDY



       ENCOMPASSES GATHERING INFORMATION, DATA FROM



       STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES, WE WOULD ALSO BE PLEASED



       TO RECEIVE FROM YOUR GROUP OR ANY OF THE MEMBER



       AGENCIES WHO HAVE AVAILABLE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL,



       THERMAL, THIS SORT OF INFORMATION.



MR. MEREDITH:  THANK YOU, MR. WOOD,  i WOULD SAY IN



       THIS CONNECTION THAT TO MY SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE



       P.AMY OF THE REFINERIES ARE ALREADY FURNISHING TO



       TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD INFORMATION CONCERNING



       THE QUANITY, THE QUALITY OF THEIR EFFLUENTS.



       THIS HAS BEEN GOING ON FOR QUITE SOME TIME.



               NOW, ARE YOU INDICATING THAT SOMETHING



       OVER AND BEYOND THIS PRACTICE WOULD BE INDICATED

-------
                                                      286
       IN CONNECTION WITH THIS PARTICULAR STUDY?




MR. WOOD:  WELL, OUR SPECIFIC INTEREST RIGHT NOW IS




       RECENT QUALITY TAKEN, SAY, PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL,




       BIOLOGICAL, BACTERIOLOGICAL ON THE ESTUARINE



       WATERS THEMSELVES.




MR. MEREDITH:  IS WHAT YOU ARE SAYING, MR. WOOD, THE




       EFFECTS?




MR. WOOD:  YES.




MR. MEREDITH:  I'M AFRAID WE HAVE NO INFORMATION ALONG




       THOSE LINES, I KNOW OF NO INDIVIDUAL COMPANIES



       WHO HAVE SUCH INFORMATION.  THIS WILL BE THE




       SOURCE OF ANY ASSOCIATION INFORMATION.




MR. WOOD:  THANK YOU.




MR. GALEGAR:  MR. MEREDITH, LET ME ASK IF THERE ARE




       ANY OTHER QUESTIONS OVER HERE.  ARE THERE ANY



       QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE?



               I HAVE JUST A COUPLE HERE I WOULD LIKE.




       TO ASK.




               I ASKED THIS OF YOUR REPRESENTATIVE AND




       I DON'T REMEMBER WHETHER THAT WAS AT CORPUS OR  .




       AT BROWNSVILLE, WE ARE OBVIOUSLY INTERESTED IN




       ALL THE USES THAT CAN BE MADE OF ESTUARINE AREAS,

-------
       AND MINERAL HARVESTING IS ONE OF THOSE THAT IS



       SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE BILL AND THE



       RESULTS THEREOF.



               IS YOUR ASSOCIATION PURSUING ANY INVES-



       TIGATIONS OR TAKING ANY STANDS IN REGARD TO CON-



       TROLLING POLLUTIONS THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE



       EXPLOITATION OF PETROLEUM OR ANY OTHER MINERALS



       THAT MAY BE AVAILABLE TO THEM OUT IN THE ESTUARINE



       OR THE GULF AREAS?



MR. MEREDITH:  i THINK IF THERE is ANY POSTURE THAT THE



       INDUSTRY AS A WHOLE HAS TAKEN IN THIS RESPECT IS



       TO SUPPORT REASONABLE REGULATIONS HAVING TO DO



       WITH OUR ACTIVITIES.  I THINK THEY STAND AS A



       MATTER OF RECORD THAT WE HAVE SUPPORTED REGULA-



       TIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN PROPOSED AND HAVE BEEN



       ADOPTED IN THE STATE OF TEXAS.



MR. GALEGAR:  WOULD THIS INCLUDE SUCH THINGS AS SUPPORT-



       ING—AS TO USE AN EXAMPLE WE DID EARLIER THIS




       MORNING--THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY, WHERE YOU



       WERE ATTEMPTING TO GET—DEVELOPING INFORMATION




       TO PREPARE A PLAN?



MR.MEREDITH:  YES, IT CERTAINLY WOULD.  CERTAINLY WOULD.

-------
                                                       288
       I THINK THE INDUSTRY HAS SUPPORTED THIS  STUDY




       MONETARILY, IT HAS ALSO COOPERATED TO  THE EXTENT




       OF FURNISHING INFORMATION THAT  IS REQUESTED  IN




       CONNECTION WITH THIS STUDY.





MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT, i THINK THOSE ARE ALL  THE  QUES-




       TIONS I HAVE.  THANK YOU VERY MUCH, MR.  MEREDITH.




               OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS MR. J. M.  MC REYNOLDS.




MR. MC REYNOLDS:  MR. GALEGAR, MR. YANTIS, MEMBERS  OF




       THE PANEL.





               GENTLEMEN, MY NAME IS J. M. MC REYNOLDS;




       I AM VICE-PRESIDENT OF ENGINEERING FOR THE




       HOUSTON LIGHTING £ POWER COMPANY.  I AM  VERY




       PRIVILEGED TO BE HERE THIS AFTERNOON TO  PRESENT





       A STATEMENT OF THE HOUSTON LIGHTING &  POWER  COM-




       PANY CONCERNING THE GALVESTON BAY ESTUARINE




       SYSTEM.




               OUR COMPANY AS THE SUPPLIER OF ELECTRI-




       CAL ENERGY TO THE HOUSTON-GALVESTON AREA HAS A





       GREAT INTEREST IN THE GALVESTON BAY ESTUARINE





       COMPLEX.  WE SHARE IN THE GENERAL INTEREST  IN




       GALVESTON BAY FOR ITS RECREATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL




       VALUE TO THE PEOPLE OF THIS AREA WHO ARE OUR

-------
                                                289
        MR. U. M. MC REYNOLDS







CUSTOMERS BUT OUR PRIMARY  INTEREST  STEMS  FROM





THE FACT THESE WATERS ARE  ESSENTIAL TO  THE




PROPER OPERATION OF OUR GENERATING  PLANTS FROM




WHICH WE SUPPLY ELECTRICITY TO  THESE CUSTOMERS.




AS WITH WATER, AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY OF DEPEND-





ABLE LOW COST ELECTRICAL ENERGY  FOR INDUSTRIAL,




DOMESTIC AND OTHER NEEDS IS ESSENTIAL TO  THE




WELFARE AND CONTINUING GROWTH OF OUR STATE.




SINCE THERE ARE NO RIVERS  IN TEXAS  SUITABLE  FOR




LARGE HYDRO ELECTRIC PLANTS, THE ELECTRICAL




ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF TEXAS ARE SUPPLIED ALMOST





ENTIRELY BY GENERATION IN  THERMAL STEAM ELECTRIC




PLANTS.  THESE REPRESENT 98% OF  THE APPROXIMATELY




TWENTY MILLION KILOWATTS TOTAL  GENERATING CAPA-




CITY OF THE STATE.





        THE PRODUCTION OF  ELECTRICAL ENERGY




FROM THERMAL PLANTS INVOLVES THE USC OF HIGH




PRESSURE STEAM WHICH IS EVENTUALLY  EXHAUSTED




AT LOW PRESSURE TO A CONDENSER  WHERE ITS  REMAIN-




ING HEAT IS ABSORBED AND CARRIED OFF BY COOLING





WATER CIRCULATED THROUGH THE CONDENSER.   THE





REQUIRED RATE OF FLOW OF THIS COOLING WATER  IS

-------
                                                290
        MR. J. M. MC REYNOLDS







APPROXIMATELY 30 GALLONS  FOR EVERY  KILOWATT




HOUR PRODUCED OR, IN OTHER WORDS,  30,000,000




GALLONS OF COOLING WATER  PER HOUR  MUST  BE  CIR-




CULATED TO SUSTAIN A MODERN  1,000,000  KILOWATT




PLANT.  THERE ARE TWO PRACTICAL  METHODS OF DIS-




POSING OF THE HEAT ABSORBED  FROM THE  COOLING




WATER.  ONE IS TO USE FRESH  WATER  AND  PUMP THE





WATER OVER TOWERS WHERE THE  HEAT DISSIPATION  IS




ACCOMPLISHED BY EVAPORATION.   THE  OTHER METHOD




IS BY EXTENDED CIRCULATION OF  RIVERS,  LARGE




LAKES OR TIDAL WATERS WHERE  THE  HEAT  IS DISSI-




PATED BY MIXING THE WARM  WATER WITH COOLER WATER,




THE DISADVANTAGES OF USING COOLING TOWERS  ARE




SEVERAL:  THEY HAVE POOR  RELIABILITY,  ESPECIALLY




IN THIS AREA WHERE WE ARE PERIODICALLY  SU3JECTED




TO TROPICAL STORMS; THEY  HAVE  A  HIGH  INITIAL




COST AS WELL AS EXCESSIVE MAINTENANCE  COSTS,




AND THEY RESULT IN HEAVY  FOG CONCENTRATION DUR-





ING CERTAIN WEATHER AND h'JMIDITY CONDITIONS.




HOWEVER, OF MORE IMPORTANCE  TO THE PUBLIC  IS




THE FACT THAT EFFICIENT COOLING  TOWERS  REQUIRE





GOOD QUALITY FRi£5H V/ATER  WHICH IS  CONSUMED AT

-------
                                                231
        MR. J. M. MC REYNOLDS







A RAPID RATE.  IF COOLING TOWERS  WERE  USED  TO




DISPOSE OF HEAT FROM ALL OF  THE  EXISTING GENERAT-




ING PLANTS IN TEXAS MORE THAN  120,000  ACRE-FEET




OF FRESH WATER WOULD BE CONSUMED  ANNUALLY.   BY




THE YEAR 1985 THIS FIGURE WOULD APPROACH  A  HALF





MILLION ACRE-FEET PER YEAR.  CONSUMPTION  OF




THIS MAGNITUDE WOULD 3E ALARMING.   THE CONSERVA-




TION OF FRESH WATER HAS BECOME ESPECIALLY IMPOR-




TANT IN VIEW OF THE SUBSIDENCE PROBLEMS ALONG




THE GULF COAST.  RECENT STUDIES  MADE  BY THE




STATE INDICATE THERE WILL 5E CRITICAL  FRESH




WATER SHORTAGES IN TEXAS IN  FUTURE  YEARS.




        WITH THESE CONSIDERATIONS  IN  MIND HOUSTON




LIGHTING & POWER COMPANY HAS ELECTED  TO CIRCU-




LATE SALT OR BRACKISH WATER  FROM  THE  GALVESTON




BAY SYSTEM FOR CONDENSER COOLING  IN ITS NEWER




PLANTS.  THIS ELECTION  IS IN LINE  WITH THE  RECOM-




MENDATIONS OF THE TEXAS WATER  DEVELOPMENT BOARD





AND THE TEXAS WATER RIGHTS COMMISSION. THESE




AGENCIES HAVE ENCOURAGED ELECTRIC  UTILITIES




LOCATED IN COASTAL AREAS TO  USE  SALT  WATER  FOR





COOLING AS A MEANS OF CONSERVING  FRESH WATER.

-------
                                               292
        MR. J. M. MC REYNOLDS
        IT IS UNFORTUNATE THAT AN ATTEMPT HAS
BEEN MADE TO CLASS AS POLLUTION THE USE OF SALT
WATER FOR COOLING.  ACCORDING TO WEBSTER'S DIC-
TIONARY TO POLLUTE IS "TO MAKE PHYSICALLY IMPURE
OR UNCLEAN:  BEFOUL, DIRTY, TAINT."  WE DO NOT
DO ANY OF THESE THINGS.  UNTIL RECENTLY, WE
WERE UNAWARE THAT THERE WAS ANY CONCERN THAT
OUR USE OF GALVESTON BAY WATER PRODUCED ANYTHING
OTHER THAN BENEFICIAL EFFECTS.  EXCEPT FOR THE
RISE IN TEMPERATURE WHICH AVERAGES FROM 8°F TO
14°F, THE PASSAGE AND USE OF THE COOLING WATER
THROUGH THE PLANT IN NO WAY ALTERS OR AFFECTS
ITS QUALITY, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, OR VALUE FOR
OTHER PURPOSES.
        THE DISCHARGE CANALS AT OUR PLANTS HAVE
ALWAYS BEEN POPULAR WITH FISHERMEN, SO MUCH SO
THAT PARKING AND OTHER FACILITIES WERE BUILT
AT THE P. H. ROBINSON PLANT NEAR BACLIFF TO
ACCOMMODATE THEM.  THESE FACILITIES ARE USED
DAILY.  WE HAVE AT TIMES COUNTED MORE THAN A
HUNDRED PEOPLE FISHING IN THE PLANT OUTFALL.
SINCE 1952 WHEN THE FIRST WEBSTER GENERATING

-------
                                                293
        MR. J. M. MC REYNOLDS







PLANT WAS PLACED IN OPERATION A  CONGREGATION




OF FISHERMEN AROUND THE PLANT DISCHARGE  OUTFALL





IN CLEAR LAKE HAS BEEN A COMMON  SIGHT.




        HOUSTON LIGHTING S POWER COMPANY HAS




ENGAGED INDEPENDENT CONSULTANTS  TO  PROVIDE




INFORMATION ON TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION  AND RE-




LATED EFFECTS IN THE BAYS RESULTING FROM THE




DISCHARGE OF COOLING WATER FROM  ITS POWER PLANTS.




THIS WORK HAS INCLUDED SAMPLING  STUDIES  OF PLANK-




TON BEFORE AND AFTER UNITS WERE  PLACED  IN OPERA-




TION; STUDY OF OXYGEN BALANCE IN THE  PLANT COOL-





ING WATER SYSTEMS; AND SAMPLING  STUDIES  OF FISH




AND INVERTEBRATES IN GALVESTON BAY  AT THE ROblN-




SON PLANT DISCHARGE POINT.  THE  PLANKTON STUDIES




WHICH BEGAN IN 1964 IN CLEAR LAKE  INDICATE THAT




THE WEBSTER PLANT OPERATION HAS  NOT RESULTED




IN A SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN PLANKTON POPULATION





IN CLEAR LAKE, NOR HAS A PARTICULARLY DOMINANT




SPECIES EMERGED WHICH WOULD INDICATE  A MAJOR




UPSET IN THE LAKE ENVIRONMENT.   THE OXYGEN BAL-




ANCE STUDIES SHOW BENEFICIAL RESULTS.  THE CIR-




CULATION OF WATER IN PLANT OPERATION  RESULTS

-------
                                                294
        MR. J. M. MC REYNOLDS







IN A SUBSTANTIAL PICKUP OF OXYGEN  IN  THE  WATER,




OCCURRING MAINLY IN THE DROP STRUCTURES.   AT





CLEAR LAKE IT HAS BEEN FOUND THAT  OXYGEN  IS




3EING ADDED TO THE WATER AT THE  RATE  OF APPROXI-




MATELY 3600 POUNDS PER DAY.  THE SAMPLING STUDIES




AT THE ROBINSON PLANT, WHILE NOT YET  COMPLETE,




SHOW A GREAT ABUNDANCE OF MANY SPECIES OF FISH,




SHRIMP, AND CRABS ATTRACTED TO THE  WARM WATER




OF THE PLANT DISCHARGE CANAL.





        THERE IS AVAILABLE VERY  LITTLE FACTUAL




INFORMATION TO ANSWER MANY OF THE  QUESTIONS  BE-





ING ASKED ABOUT THE ECOLOGY IN THE  GALVESTON  BAY




SYSTEM.  A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF  RESEARCH AND




STUDY WORK IS NEEDED BEFORE ADEQUATE  ANSWERS  CAN




BE GIVEN,  HOWEVER, WE MUST EMPHASIZE  THAT IN  NO




INSTANCE HAVE ANY OF THE STUDIES WE HAVE  MADE




INDICATED THAT OUR OPERATIONS ARE  ADVERSELY




AFFECTING THE GALVESTON BAY COMPLEX.  UE  ARE  fiOST





WILLING TO COOPERATE IN FINDING  ADDITIONAL





ANSWERS TO OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS.   TO THIS END




WE HAVE ENTERED INTO A CONTRACT  WITH  TEXAS A. £




M. UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION  FOR AN  ORGANISM

-------
                                                295
        MR. d. M. MC REYNOLDS







SURVIVAL RATE STUDY AT OUR P. H.  ROBINSON  PLANT.




A SIMILAR STUDY WILL BE CONDUCTED AT  THE NEW





CEDAR BAYOU PLANT.  IN ADDITION,  WE ARE WORKING




WITH The TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD AND  THE GAL-




VESTON BAY STUDY GROUP IN AN ATTEMPT  TO DEVELOP





ADDITIONAL MEANINGFUL INFORMATION CONCERNING




THE EFFECTS OF WARMWATER DISCHARGES ON  THE




ECOLOGY OF GALVESTON SAY.





        WE WISH TO RESTATE THAT WE RECOGNIZE  THE





GALVESTON BAY ESTUARINE SYSTEM  IS A MOST IMPOR-




TANT ASSET TO THE PEOPLE OF TEXAS.  WE  BELIEVE





THAT THESE WATERS, OUT OF NECESSITY,  MUST  BE




USED FOR MANY PURPOSES IN THE PUBLIC  INTEREST.




THE REASONABLE USE OF THESE WATERS FOR  COOLING




PURPOSE IS IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST.  SUCH USE




BY OUR COMPANY HAS TO DATE CREATED NO KNOWN




PROBLEMS.




        WE PLEDGE FULL COOPERATION TO THE  E;,ID





THAT OUR COMPANY'S USE OF GALVESTON BAY WATER




WILL CREATE NO SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS IN  THE




FUTURE.  WE ARE MOST ANXIOUS TO WORK  WITH  ALL





INTERESTED AGENCIES, STATE AND  FEDERAL.  TO

-------
                                                      296
               MR. J. M. MC REYNOLDS
       DATE IT HAS BEEN THE POLICY OF CONGRESS TO
       VEST PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY AT THE STATE AND
       LOCAL LEVEL.  WE BELIEVE THIS POLICY SHOULD
       BE CONTINUED.  EACH AREA HAS ITS OWN PROBLEMS.
       CONDITIONS DIFFER.  THE PROBLEMS WHICH SURROUND
       TROUT FISHING IN MONTANA ARE IRRELEVANT IN A
       CONSIDERATION OF THE ECOLOGY OF GALVESTON BAY.
       WHEN CONTROL IS PLACED AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL
       THERE IS A TENDENCY TO DEVELOP NATIONWIDE STAND-
       ARDS AND GUIDELINES.  THESE SIMPLY ARE NOT PRACTI-
       CAL.  AN INITIMATE KNOWLEDGE OF LOCAH.CONDITIONS
       AND AREA NEEDS ARE PREREQUISITES TO A PROGRAM
       OF EFFECTIVE OVERALL DEVELOPMENT WHICH WILL RE-
       SULT IN MAXIMUM BENEFICIAL USE.  PRIMARY REGULA-
       TORY RESPONSIBILITY SHOULD REMAIN AT THE STATE
       AND LOCAL LEVEL.
               THANK YOU.
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MR. MC REYNOLDS.
               ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS?  MR. WOOD ASKED,
       ARE THERE COPIES OF THE REPORT YOU CITE AVAIL-
       ABLE?
MR. MC REYNOLDS:  MR. YANTIS HAS COPIES OF BOTH OF

-------
                                                       297
       THESE AND THOSE HE DOESN'T HAVE  WE  WILL CERTAINLY




       MAKE AVAILABLE TO HIM.




MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT.  WE CAN OBTAIN THOSE  FROM





       MR. YANTIS, THEN.




               ARE THERE ANY OTHER QUESTIONS?




MR. YANTIS:  BRIEFLY, WHEN THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY





       STANDARDS WERE BEING COMPILED AND THEN  LATER




       ADOPTED WE HAD GRAVE RESERVATIONS AT THAT TIME




       THAT WE KNEW ENOUGH ABOUT TEMPERATURES  TO PUT





       REALLY MEANINGFUL AND WISE TEMPERATURE  LIMITA-




       TIONS INTO THE STANDARDS.




               THE FEDERAL PEOPLE TOOK  A DIFFERENT VIEW




       AND WE DO HAVE TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS  IN THE




       STANDARDS.




               WE STILL THINK THAT THIS IS ONE OF THE




       THINGS THAT WE SIMPLY DON'T KNOW ENOUGH ABOUT




       IN ORDER TO REGULATE WISELY.  THE ELECTRICAL




       INDUSTRY HAS SPONSORED RESEARCH.  WE ARE TRYING




       TO GET INTO IT.  I THINK THERE  IS SOME  WORK ON





       IT GOING ON ALL OVER THE UNITED  STATES,  BUT




       THERE IS, I THINK, AN OPEN QUESTION IN  THE FINER




       REGIONS OF DECISION-MAKING ABOUT WHAT TEMPERATURE

-------
                                                       298
       REALLY DOES.




MR. GALEGAR:  ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS  HERE?   ANY QUES-




       TIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE?




               MR. MC REYNOLDS,  MAY  I  ASK YOU A COUPLE




       OF QUESTIONS THAT TOUCHES  THIS  SUBJECT OF YOUR




       TALK?





               IN TERMS OF THE USE OF  THE ESTUARINE




       AREAS AS A SOURCE OF COOLING  WATER, WOULD IT BE




       POSSIBLE FOR YOU TO PROVIDE US  SOME  INFORMATION




       WHICH WE MIGHT USE TO EITHER  PREDICT  HOW MUCH




       MORE USE THE ESTUARINE WATERS WOULD HAVE ON THEM




       FOR COOLING PURPOSES EITHER FROM  YOUR COMPANY OR




       AN ASSOCIATION YOU MIGHT  BELONG TO,  IN TERMS OF




       HOW MUCH THE ESTUARINE WOULD  THE  ELECTRICAL INDUS-




       TRY LIKE TO SEE USED FOR  COOLING  PURPOSES;  HOw'




       MUCH—AND I DON'T KNOW EXACTLY  HOW THIS QUESTION




       CAN BE PHRASED--BUT WHAT  I AM REALLY  ASKING YOU




       IS HOW MUCH OF A HEAT SINK IS DESIRABLE FOR THE





       ESTUARINE AREAS?





MR. MC REYNOLDS:  WELL, ARE YOU  ASKING OVER  AN EXTREMELY




       LONG PERIOD OF TIME, MR.  GALEGAR?




MR. GALEGAR:  WELL, I DON'T KNOW  HOW LONG TO ASK THIS

-------
                                                       299
       FOR IN THE FUTURE.   I ASSUME  THERE  HAS  BEEN  SOME




       PROJECTIONS MADE AT  THE ELECTRICAL  NEEDS  THAT




       WILL uE BASED IN THE ESTUARINE AREAS  AND  PRESUM-




       ABLY THEY ARE PLACED THERE BECAUSE  THEY WILL




       MAKE USE OF THE ESTUARINE WATERS.   I  DON'T  KNOW




       WHAT A REASONABLE PERIOD OF TIME  IS.




MR. MC REYNOLDS:  WELL, IT WOULD BE  POSSIBLE FOR US,




       I BELIEVE, TO GIVE SOME FAIRLY REASONABLE ESTI-




       MATE OVER THE NEXT TEN OR FIFTEEN YEARS,  BUT




       BEYOND THAT IT'S JUST A PERIOD THAT MIGHT 3E A




       LITTLE BIT DIFFICULT TO DO.




MR. GALEGAR:   ALL RIGHT.  WELL, i THINK--




MR. MC REYNOLDS:  i THINK i COULD GET THAT INFORMATION




       TOGETHER.  YES, SIR.




MR. GALEGAR:   ALL RIGHT.  WELL, i THINK ANYTHING ALONG




       THESE LINES WOULD BE WELCOME  TO PLACE IN  THE




       RECORD TO BE CONSIDERED.  WE  WOULD  LIKE TO  HAVE




       AS MUCH INFORMATION  CONCERNING ALL  THE  USES  AS




       IS POSSIBLE.




               THE OTHER IS THAT YOU TOUCHED UPON  COOL-




       ING TOWERS AS A METHOD FOR COOLING, AND I AM




       NOT ACQUAINTED ENOUGH WITH YOUR INDUSTRY  TO  KNOW

-------
                                                      300
       WHAT ALTERNATIVES ARE AVAILABLE TO YOU IN ADDI-



       TION TO THESE, BUT LET ME JUST PHRASE THE QUESTION



       THIS WAY:



               IS IT POSSIBLE TO PROVIDE US WITH INFOR-



       MATION CONCERNING ALTERNATIVES FOR COOLING OF



       YOUR EFFLUENTS THAT WE COULD PLACE INTO THE



       RECORD?



MR. MC REYNOLDS:  YES, SIR.  YES, SIR.



MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT, SIR.  WE WOULD APPRECIATE HAVING



       THAT.



               NOW, ONE THIRD QUESTION.  IS IT NECESSARY



       TO USE ESTUARINE WATER OR COULD YOU USE WHAT WE



       WOULD TERM SEA WATER AND THE DIFFERENCE BEING



       ESTUARINE WATER IS THAT MIXTURE OF FRESH WATER



       AND SEA WATER?



MR. MC REYNOLDS:  YES, SIR.  IT WOULD BE POSSIBLE, I



       THINK, FOR US TO USE SEAWATER.



MR. GALEGAR:  ALL RIGHT.  IS IT PRACTICAL TO DO SO?



MR. MC REYNOLDS:  PARDON ME.  AT THE PRESENT TIME THERE



       WILL HAVE TO BE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES DEVELOPED,



       BUT I BELIEVE THAT THIS IS CERTAINLY POSSIBLE



       AND IT'S WITHIN THE CAPABILITIES OF THE INDUSTRY

-------
       TO DO THIS.
MR.  GALECAR:  COULD WE HAVE YOUR THINKING ON THIS QUES-
       TION, TOO?
MR.  MC REYNOLDS:  YES, SIR.
MR.  GALEGAR:  VERY WELL.   THANK YOU VERY MUCH.  WE APPRE-
       CIATE YOU TAKING THE TIME TO GIVE US THIS INFORMA-
       TION.
               THE NEXT SPEAKER THAT I  HAVE IS ROY W.
       MANN, WHO IS SPEAKING FOR HIMSELF.  ROY.
MR.  HANN:  THANK YOU, MR. GALEGAR, MR.  YANTIS.
               I MIGHT MENTION THAT A FORMAL STATEMENT
       FROM TEXAS ASM UNIVERSITY DESCRIBING OUR CAPA-
       BILITIES ,AND INTERESTS IN THE ESTUARINE AREA WILL
       BE SUBMITTED LATER, I ALSO WILL SUBMIT THESE
       COPIES TO YOU LATER.
               MY PURPOSE TODAY IS TO APPEAR AS A CON-
       CERNED PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER, CITIZEN, TO EXPRESS
       A FEW COMMENTS REGARDING THE STATUS OF THOSE
       ESTUARIES ON THE GULF COAST ABOUT WHICH I HAVE
       SOME KNOWLEDGE.  MY COMMENTS WILL BE BRIEF AND
       TO THE POINT.
               GULF COAST ESTUARIES DIFFER GREATLY FROM

-------
                                                302
        MR. ROY W. HANN, JR.







THE ESTUARIES ON EAST AND WEST  COASTS  BECAUSE




OF THE LIMITED TIDAL ACTION.  THE  SMALL  TIDAL




RANGE--ON THE ORDER OF FOOT--RESULTS  IN  LIMITED




REOXYGENATION OF WATERS EXPERIENCING  OXYGEN  DE-




MANDS, RESULTS IN ABNORMALLY LONG  SLUSHING TIME





FOR CONSERVATION MATERIALS  DISCHARGED  INTO THE




ESTUARINE WATER, AND RESULTS IN  LOW CURRENT




VELOCITIES WHICH WILL NOT SCOUR  ORGANIC  SLUDGES.




        AS A RESULT, SOME GULF  COAST  ESTUARIES





HAVE BEEN UNABLE TO ASSIMILATE  THE TREMENDOUS




WASTE LOADINGS APPLIED TO THEM AND HAVE  THUS





BECOME PRIME EXAMPLES OF POLLUTED  WATER.




        MY MAIN POINT IS TO EMPHASIZE  THE  UNIQUE-




NESS OF THESE ESTUARINE WATERS AND TO  POINT  OUT




THAT SIMILAR WASTE LOADINGS APPLY  TO  OTHER ESTUAR-




IES IN OTHER PARTS OF THE COUNTRY  WOULD  NOT  CAUSE




SIMILAR PROBLEMS.




        IN MY CLASSES I OFTEN DISCUSS  WHAT I





ARBITRARILY CALL PERMANENT  AND  TEMPORARY  POLLU-





TION.




        TEMPORARY POLLUTION IS  DESCRIBED  AS  THOSE





CONDITIONS WHICH WOULD QUICKLY  CLEAR  UP  IF THE

-------
                                                303
        MR. ROY W. HANN, JR.







WASTE LOAD CAUSING THE POLLUTION  WAS  REMOVED.





PERMANENT POLLUTION  IS DESCRIBED  AS  THOSE  CONDI-





TIONS WHICH HAVE  LONG-LASTING  EFFECTS.





        FOR EXAMPLE, THE ORGANIC  SLUDGE  DEPOSITS





FOUND IN SEVERAL  TEXAS ESTUARIES  AND  TYPIFIED  BY





THE OVER 20,000 ACRE FEET  OF SLUDGE  MATERIAL ON





THE BOTTOM OF THE HOUSTON  SHIP  CHANNEL AND ADJA-





CENT BAYS ARE AN  EXAMPLE OF MORE  PERMANENT POLLU-





TION.





        I CONSIDER IT PERMANENT BECAUSE  THE uOTTOM





COMPOSITION IS CHANGED WELL INTO  THE  FORESEEABLE





FUTURE AND BECAUSE OXYGEN  DEMANDS  WILL BE  EXERTdD





ON OVERLYING WATERS  BY THE DEPOSITS  FOR  YEARS.





        WE MUST BE MORE CAREFUL TO PREVENT THE





DISCHARGE OF MATERIALS WHICH WILL HAVE LONG-LAST-





ING EFFECTS.





        DURING THE LAST DECADE  IT  HAS BEEN NECdS-





SARY TO ABANDON THE  SINGLE PROJECT CONCEPT OF





WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN  FAVOR  OF A SYSTEMS





APPROACH.  THIS PROVED NECESSARY  BECAUSE WATER





RESOURCE PROJECTS WERE NO  LONGER  INDEPENDENT





ENTITIES BUT WERE INSTEAD  HIGHLY  RELATED TO ONE

-------
                                                304
        MR. ROY W. HANN,  JR.







ANOTHER.   IT APPEARS  TO ME  THAT  ESTUARINE MANAGE-




MENT IN GENERAL HAS BEEN  LAGGING BEHIND IN THE




CONSIDERATION OF ESTUARIES  COMPONENTS  AS  AN




INTERRELATED SYSTEM.   IN  OTHER iVORDS,  SINGLE





PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL  MODIFICATIONS,  SUCH AS




UPSTREAM FLOW DIVERSIONS, FLOW DIVERSIONS, WITHIN




ESTUARIES, SHIP CHANNELS, DREDGING,  FILLING OF




LOW-LYING AREAS AMD POLLUTION DISCHARGES  GENERALLY




HAVE BEEN EVALUATED AS INDIVIDUAL ENTITIES.




        IT IS MY BELIEF.THAT THE TIME  IS  FAST




APPROACHING WHEN ESTUARIES  WILL  NO LONGER BE UNDER




THE CONTROL OF THE WINDS  OF NATURE BUT INSTEAD




WILL BE MANAGED BY MAN FOR  THE BENEFIT OF MAN.





        TOWARDS THIS  END  rt'E MUST MORE  CAREFULLY




EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL  MODIFICATIONS




AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON THE SYSTEM AS A




WHOLE AND WE MUST TRAIN MORE PEOPLE WITH  THE




TECHNICAL EXPERTISE TO MAKE SUCH ANALYSES.




        THE BURDEN OF  EVALUATING THE  EFFECT OF





A PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENTAL  MODIFICATION OR




ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION SHOULD REST WITH THE




PERSON OR ENTITY PROPOSING  THE CHANGE.  IT HAS

-------
                                                305
        MR. ROY W. HANN, JR.







COME TO MY ATTENTION THAT  IN SOME  CASES  THOSE




ENTITIES PROPOSING WASTE DISCHARGES  TO ESTUARINE




SYSTEMS HAVE NOT BEEN REQUIRED TO  DESCRIBE  THE




EFFECT THAT SUCH DISCHARGES WILL HAVE  IN  THE




SYSTEM.




        IT IS MY OPINION THAT ENTITIES SHOULD BE




REQUIRED BY REGULATING AGENCIES TO DESCRIBE  IN




DETAIL THE EFFECT WHICH THEIR PROPOSED DISCHARGE




WILL HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THAT  IT  SHOULD




3E THE ROLE OF THE REGULATING AGENCY TO  EVALUATE





THE ACCURACY OF SUCH PREDICTION BOTH PRIOR  TO




PERMITTING THE DISCHARGE AND AFTER THE ENTITIES




BEGIN THEIR DISCHARGES.




        IN CLOSING, I SEE  MUCH HOPE  IN THE  PRO-




GRESS THAT IS EVIDENCED BY THE ATTENTION  WHICH




IS BEING PAID TO OUR ESTUARIES AND BY  THE ALLOCA-




TION OF RESOURCES TO ATTACK ESTUARINE  PROBLEMS.




THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD AND  THE  FEDERAL




WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION ARE





PARTICULARLY COMMENDED FOR THEIR EFFORTS.




        THE INVITATION TO  PRESENT  THESE  IDEAS




IS DEEPLY APPRECIATED.

-------
                                                      306
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, ROY.  WOULD YOU PAUSE FOR JUST

       A MOMENT?  ANY QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE?

               THANK YOU VERY MUCH, ROY.

               THE NEXT SPEAKER IS MR. ADOLPH S. TENE-

       BONNE.  I MAY NOT BE PRONOUNCING THAT CORRECTLY.

       IS HE HERE?

MR. TENEBONNE:  MR. CHAIRMAN, CO-CHAIRMAN, GENTLEMEN

       AND LADIES.  I AM JUST A FISHERMAN.  I AM NOT

       CLAIMING TO HAVE ANY TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE--! DON'T

       HAVE — CLAIM TO HAVE ANY ACADEMIC KNOWLEDGE, BUT

       I DO THINK, I BELIEVE I HAVE THE KNOWLEDGE OF

       SELF-PRESERVATION.

               NOW, I HAVE HEARD TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE

       ON TOP OF TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE AND WE ARE ALL
                                                 *
       GOING BACK TO SCHOOL.  WELL, I FEEL AWFUL OUT

       OF PLACE HERE.  AS A MATTER OF FACT, IF I HAD

       KNOWN THIS WAS A SCHOOL SESSION I WOULD HAVE

       WORE MY BUSTER BROWN SUIT AND BROUGHT MY LUNCH

       KIT ALONG.  THAT IS WHAT THIS AMOUNTS TO.

               WE HAVE HAD STUDIES, WE HAVE GOT LAWS

       THAT ARE SEVEN YEARS OLD AND COLONEL MOON IS THE

       FIRST PERSON THAT HAS BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION

-------
                                                307
        MR. ADOLPH S. TENEBONNE







OF THE PUBLIC WHERE THIS HAS EVER  BEEN  ENFORCED.





        NOW, SCHOOLING  IS WONDERFUL AND STUDYING




IS WONDERFUL, BUT HERE'S A LAW THAT IS  SEVEN




YEARS OLD.  IF IT HAD BEEN ENFORCED TO  ANY  EXTENT




--JUST THINK OF THE PROBLEMS WE ARE FACING  TODAY





THAT WE WOULDN'T HAVE.  THAT IS THE SAME THING





WITH RIGHT NOW.





        I AM NOT GOING  TO DISCREDIT ANY OF  THIS




TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE.  I AM NOT GOING  TO DISCREDIT




ANY OF THESE STUDIES.   BUT THERE  IS A TIME  TO





ACT AND NOW IS THE TIME TO ACT AS  WELL  AS STUDY.





THERE IS NOT ENOUGH EMPHASIS PLACED ON  ACTION.




        NOW, I HEARD A  PERSON MENTION THE WORD




'•INDIANS/'1 AND I GOT TO THINKING AS A SENSE OF




HUMOR, JUST THINK WHERE WE WOULD BE IF  OUR  FORE-




FATHERS WOULD STOP TO STUDY WHERE  A HOSTILE




INDIAU WAS ATTACKING; WHERE WOULD  YOU BE?   YOU





WOULDN'T BE HERE.  MAN  HAG SURVIVED BY  LIVING





UNDER THE BASIC LAWS OF NATURE.  WE AIN'T EVEN




TRYING.  WE HAVE DECLARED AIR POLLUTION AGAINST





OURSELVES; WE HAVE DECLARED WATER  POLLUTION





AGAINST OURSELVES.

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                                                308
        MR. ADOLPH S. TENEBONNE







        DO YOU THINK THAT WE ARE  INTELLIGENT?




I  WILL TELL YOU, WE AIN'T.  WE ARE  ACADEMICALLY




LEARNING; WE ARE TECHNICALLY LEARNING,  BUT  WE




ARE NOT VERY SMART, BECAUSE REVERTING  BACK  TO




NATURE, THE ESSENTIALS OF LIFE IS NOT  AUTOMOBILES,




ITS NOT TELEVISIONS, IT'S NOT PRETTY CLOTHES--




WATER, FOOD AND AIR, THOSE ARE THE  THREE  ESSEN-





TIALS OF LIFE.




        AND WE HAVE JUST RUN 90 MILES  AN  HOUR




IGNORANTLY DESTROYING ALL OF THEM AND  INSTEAD  OF




TAKING ACTION TO CORRECT THAT WRONG WE  ARE  GOING





TO SCHOOL LIKE A BUNCH OF SCHOOLBOYS;  WE  ARE




GOING TO STUDY.




        NOW, YOU HAVE STATE LAWS THAT  ARE NOT




ENFORCED; YOU HAVE FEDERAL LAWS:THAT AREN'T




ENFORCED.  AND SO ACTUALLY THE EMPHASIS ON  THIS




STUDYING IS FINE.  LET'S PUT THE EMPHASIS WHERE





IT WILL DO SOME REAL IMMEDIATE GOOD.   LET'S PUT




IT ON OUR JUDICIARY SYSTEM OF THIS  COUNTRY.




THAT IS WHERE THE REAL POLLUTION  IS.   THAT  IS




THE SOURCE OF ALL POLLUTION, NOT JUST  POLLUTION




IN THE WATER, POLLUTION IN THE AIR--YOUR  CIVIL

-------
                                                309
        MR. ADOLPH S. TENEBONNE







DISOBEDIENCE POLLUTION,  IT ALL COMES  FROM YOUR





JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT BECAUSE THEY  HAVE  INTER-




PRETED THE LAWS OF THE  LAND TO READ NOT INDIVIDU-




ALLY RESPONSIBLE BUT COLLECTIVELY  RESPONSIBLE.





THAT IS WHAT IS WRONG.





        THE CONSTITUTION OF THE  UNITED  STATES




IS WROTE IN ONE PERSON'S SIGNATURE.   NOW,  I




AM JUST AN INDIVIDUAL CITIZEN.   EVERY TIME I




HAVE APPROACHED A FEDERAL AGENT  I  HAVE  ACTUALLY




BEEN INSULTED.  I HAVE  FILLED OUT  ONE OF  YOUR




CARDS OUT THERE AND IT  GAVE ME A SENSE  OF BEING




INSULTED.




        WHO DO YOU REPRESENT?




        THE CONSTITUTION OF THE  UNITED  STATES




DOESN'T SAY I HAVE TO REPRESENT  ANYBODY.   ALL




I HAVE GOT TO BE IS AN  AMERICAN  CITIZEN TO GET




THOSE RIGHT.




        NOW, I HAVE THE  RIGHT TO LIVE AND THAT




IS WHAT I AM FIGHTING FOR, MY LIFE.   AND  INDIRECTLY




I AM FIGHTING FOR YOURS, BECAUSE WITH ALL OF




YOUR TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE AND ALL OF YOUR  ACADEMIC




LEARNING YOU AIN'T LEARNED HOW TO  LIVE  YET

-------
                                                310
        MR. ADOLPH S.  TENEBONNE







WITHOUT WATER, FOOD AND AIR.   AND  WE  ARE GOING




90 MILES AN HOUR DESTROYING  THEM ALL  AND WE




ARE GOING TO STUDY.




        NOW, I HAVE A  LOT OF  TECHNICAL INFORMA-




TION HERE.  I HAVE TECHNICAL  INFORMATION HERE TO





THE EXTENT THAT UNDER  ANY GIVEN  WEATHER CONDITION




WITH THE AMOUNT OF HYDROGEN  SULFIDE  IN GALVESTON




BAY THAT THE COMPLETE  INHABITANTS  OF  THIS ISLAND




COULD BE WIPED OUT OVERNIGHT;  AND  WE  ARE GOING TO




STUDY?





        I HAVE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION HERE BY





THE UNITED STATES WILDLIFE SERVICE WHERE BOTULISil




IS PRESENT THROUGHOUT  THE GULF COAST;  THAT AT




ANY GIVEN TIME ANY NUMBER OF  INHABITANTS WHO




EAT FISH OR SHRIMPS OR CRAB  CAN  DIE  FROM BOTULISM




AND YOU ARE GOING TO STUDY?




        I V/OULD LIKE TO SAY  THIS:  JUST HOW




STUPID CAN WE GET?  WE ARE GETTING SMART, BUT




WE ARE ALSO GETTING STUPID ALONG WITH IT.





        NOW, I HAVE TALKED WITH  LEGAL PEOPLE,




BECAUSE TO ME THERE IS THE SOLUTION  TO POLLU-




TION.  I HAD A MEETING WITH  A JUDGE  RIGHT HERE

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                                                311
        MR. ADOLPH S. TENEBONNE







IN THE STATE OF TEXAS ON THIS OYSTER  QUESTION,




OF PUBLIC RECORD, OF GOING TO THE  EXTENT  OF SAY-




ING WHEN THE OYSTER MEN PROTESTED  THE  SHELL DREDG-




ERS THEY HAD NO INTEREST IN  THE  SHELL  DREDGERS;




THE SHELL DREDGERS BOUGHT SHELL  THAT  BELONGED TO




THE STATE OF TEXAS.





        ALL RIGHT.  STOP AND THINK ABOUT  THAT.





WHO IS THE STATE OF TEXAS?   ISN'T  IT  THE  INHABIT-




ANTS?  THE STATE OF TEXAS IS A MYTH.   IF  YOU




TOOK EVERY PERSON ALIVE OUT  OF THE STATE  OF TEXAS




WHERE WOULD THE STATE OF TEXAS BE?...GO  RIGHT





BACK TO THE INDIANS, WOULDN'T IT?




        WELL, THAT IS WHAT YOU ARE ADVOCATING




BY THE JUDICIARY INTERPRETATION  OF THE LAW.




THAT IS LIKE THIS REFUSE PART OF THE FEDERAL CODE




THAT IS SEVEN YEARS OLD.




        NOW, THIS IS HOW THIS WAS  HANDLED:   THIS





WAS ENACTED BY THE CONGRESS, HANDED OVER  TO THE




ARMY ENGINEERS WITHOUT ONE CENT  APPROPRIATION





TO CONDUCT IT.  I WILL TELL  YOU  WHAT  HAPPENED TO




IT.  THREE YEARS AGO I DUG IT UP.   I  DON'T  THINK





ANYBODY EVEN KNEW ABOUT IT IN THIS AREA  UNTIL

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                                                312
        MR. ADOLPH S. TENEBONNE







THREE YEARS AGO.  YOU CAN  CHECK  WITH  YOUR LIBRARY




OF CONGRESS AND YOU WILL BE AMAZED  ON HOW MANY




TIMES THIS LAW WAS CITED.  YOU CAN  COUNT THEM




ON ONE HAND AND KNOCK DOWN THREE FINGERS.   THAT'S





HOW MANY TIMES IT WAS USED IN THE PAST SEVEN




YEARS, UP UNTIL COLONEL MOON COME UP  WITH HIS




43 CASES THAT ARE BEFORE THE U.  S.  DISTRICT




ATTORNEY NOW.





        NOW, I WILL SAY THIS:  ALL  OF THIS IS




WELL AND GOOD, BUT WE HAVE GOT TO ACT;  WE HAVE




GOT TO PUT THE EMPHASIS WHERE IT BELONGS,  BECAUSE





EVERY DAY WE ARE WAITING ON PUTTING THE EMPHASIS




WHERE IT BELONGS WE ARE SUBJECTING  YOUR LIFE





AND MY LIFE TO DESTRUCTION AT OUR OWN HANDS.




        NOW, THAT IS CONTRARY TO THE  LAW OF




NATURE.  SELF-PRESERVATION IS THE FIRST LAW OF




NATURE.  HOW CAN YOU KID YOURSELVES AND THEN





PROFESS TO BE SMART?  I CAN'T SEE NO  INTELLIGENCE





THERE.




        THAT IS JUST LIKE  COMMITTING  SUICIDE--





TAKE A GUN--ALL RIGHT—THAT IS SOMETHING THAT




IS VERY TANGIBLE.  YOU SEE THE GUN  IN MY HAND,

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                                                313
        MR. ADOLPH S.  TENEBONNE







BLOW MY HEAD OFF--ALL  RIGriT.   BUT THIS POLLUTION




IS SOMETHING THAT  IS TEN  TIMES MORE  DANGEROUS




TO EVERYBODY, BUT  IT'S  SOMETHING  THAT IS SLOWLY





CREEPING ON--BEEN  CREEPING  ON  EVER SINCE THE DAY




MAN WAS BORN.  HE  HAS  BEEN  POLLUTING THE AIR--




EVERY TIME HE EXHALES  HE  POLLUTES THE AIR.




        THE POPULATION  IS  INCREASING AND WE ARE




JUST KEEPING ON POLLUTING  UNADULERATED.




        NOW, THESE STUDIES  IS  ALL RIGHT, THEY





MAY HAVE THE FACTS AND  THEY MAY HAVE THE PLACE--




THEIR PLACE, 3UT IMMEDIATE  ACTION IS NECESSARY




TO SAFEGUARD THE HEALTH AND LIVES OF THE PEOPLE!,




INCLUDING YOUR OWN.





        NOW, THESE LAWS ARE INADEQUATE.   ANY




INDUSTRIAL LAWYER, ANY  CITY LAWYER CAN BEAT YOUR




EARS DOWN.  BUT I AM GOING  TO  TELL YOU SOMETHING,




YOU CAN'T BUILD A HOUSE UNLESS YOU GET STARTED




ON IT, AND ALL OF  THE  BLUEPRINTING IN THE WORLD




AIN'T GOING TO MAKE NOTHING HAPPEN TO THOSE BLUE-





PRINTS.  YOU CAN TAKE  ALL  OF THAT PAPER, BUT




IT AIN'T GOING TO  STOP  IT.  AND THAT'S THE  SAME




THING WITH THIS STUDY.  YOU HAVE  GOT TO  GO  TO

-------
        MR. ADOLPH S. TENEBONNE








WORK FIRST.  ALONG WITH  THIS  PAPER  YOU HAVE  GOT





TO ALWAYS WORK.





        AS I SAY, THE REAL ANSWER  IS  IN YOUR





JUDICIARY INTERPRETATION OF THE  LAW.   NOW,  I





HAVE HEARD OVER AND OVER AGAIN THAT JUSTICE





SHOULD BE TEMPERED WITH WORSHIP.   THEREIN  LIES





ONE OF THE WORST INTERPRETATIONS OF JUSTICE  THERE





IS.  I AM SURE THAT A LOT OF  YOU ARE  FATHERS AND





MOTHERS.  IF YOU DON'T CORRECT YOUR CHILD  THE





FIRST TIME HE DOES SOMETHING  WRONG  HE IS GOING





TO GO ALONG AND GET INTO WORSE THINGS.   THAT'S





THE SAME THING HERE.  IF YOU  DON'T  GET STARTLD





AND DO SOMETHING IT'S GOING TO GO  ON  WORSE ANO





WORSE ALL THE TIME WHILE YOU  ARE STUDYING.   YOU





HAVE GOT TO GET STARTED.





        THESE LAWS SHOULD DE  PRESSED  AND LROUGHT





INTO COURT IN THE PROPER INTERPRETATION.





        NOW, I AM GOING  TO TELL  YOU WHY I  AM SAY-





ING THIS:  AS AN EXAMPLE RIGHT HERE WITHIN THE





CITY WHICH I AM FAMILIAR WITH--GALVESTON,  MY





HOMETOWN THAT I WAS DORN AND  RAISED IN--IF YOU





MOVE INTO THE CITY LIMITS YOU HAVE  TO HAVE A

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                                                315
        MR. ADOLPH  S.  TENESONNE







SANITARY TOILET.  THAT'S  THE  LAW.   BUT YET THAT




SAME CITY CAN FIGHT THAT  SEWAGE,  UP UNTIL JUST




HERE RECENTLY, RAW  RIGHT  OUT  INTO  YOUR WATER,





CONTAMINATING THE FOOD THAT YOU,  IN TURN, EAT.




NOW, HOW IS THAT?   IT AIN'T VERY  SMART,  IN MY




BOOK.




        THERE IS NO LAW THAT  SAYS--TO  ENFORCE





THAT UP UNTIL JUST  HERE RECENTLY,  AND  IN THE




MAJORITY OF CASES THESE THINGS ARE CORRECTED ONLY




BY PUBLIC DEMANDS.  THEY  ARE  NOT  CORRECTED BY




ANY WRITTEN LEGISLATION.





        AND SO FOR  MY  PART  I'D SAY THAT WE OUGHT




TO INSIST ON FRANK  INTERPRETATION  OF THE LAW TO




APPLY TO EVERYBODY.




        NOW, TO MY  KNOWLEDGE  OF TALKING WITH




LAWYERS--I AM NOT A LAWYER--I HAVE TALKED TO




LAWYERS--I WAS BORN AND RAISED ON  THIS ISLAND--I





HAVE TALKED WITH A  PROMINENT  ATTORNEY  FOR YEARS




AND YEARS, WHO I ASSOCIATED WITH AS A  FRIEND,  AND




TALKED THE ASPECTS  OF  THIS  THING AND IT'S ACTUALLY




HIS INTERPRETATION  THAT I HAVE TRIED TO RELATE




TO YOU PEOPLE NOW,  AND THAT IS THE CORRECT

-------
                                                316
        MR. ADOLPH S.  TENEBONNE







INTERPRETATION OF THE  LAW.   NO  LAW IS WROTE WITHIN





THE BOUNDS OF THE CONSTITUTION  OF THE UNITED





STATES THAT DOESN'T APPLY  TO EVERYBODY.





        BUT YOUR JUDICIARY  SYSTEM HAS INTERPRETED





THAT LAW TO EXCLUDE CERTAIN GROUPS,  CERTAIN PEO-





PLE OF PRESTIGE, CERTAIN PEOPLE  OF WEALTH,  AND





IT'S NOT JUSTICE, AND  YOU  WILL  NEVER ACCOMPLISH





ANYTHING UNTIL 'THAT ONE CONDITION IS RECTIFIED,





BECAUSE HERE I AM A POLLUTANT AND I  AM,  YOU ARE,





WE ALL ARE.  THIS IS NOT A  PROBLEM FOR ANY





INDIVIDUA; IT'S A PROBLEM  FOR EVERYBODY.





        IF I CORRECT MINE  UNDER  THE  LAW,  THEN





I AM JUST A SIMPLE FISHERMAN--I  DON'T HAVE  TOO





MANY FINANCIAL MEANS TO HIRE EXPENSIVE LAWYERS





OR ANYTHING ELSE--I AM GOING TO  BE SUBJUGATED





UNDER THAT LAW.  BUT HERE  COMES  AN INDUSTRY WITH





UNLIMITED AMOUNT OF CAPITAL TO  HIRE  LEGAL CON-





SULTANTS AND THEY WILL EITHER GET OUT OF THE LAW





OR THEY WILL KEEP YOU  IN THE LAW COURT FOR  THE





NEXT 20 YEARS.   IS THAT JUSTICE?





        AND ALL OF THIS STUDYING WITHOUT ACTION--





LEGAL ACTION, LIKE COLONEL  BENDER, WHEN I ASKED

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                                                317
        MR. ADOLPH S.  TENEBONNE







HIM THE QUESTION, WHAT IS  $2500  TO ANY  BIG




CHEMICAL OUTFIT?  IT'S NOTHING.




        NOW, TO ME $2500  IS  JUST ABOUT  A THIRD




OF THE NET PROFIT THAT I  MAKE  A  YEAR.   THAT IS




A LOT OF MONEY TO ME,  BUT  IT AIN'T NOTHING TO




THEM.





        SO YOU SEE, YOUR  REAL  POLLUTION IS IN




YOUR JUDICIARY, ENFORCEMENT  OF ADEQUATE LAWS




WHICH DON'T EXIST.




        NOW, YOU CAN COME  UP WITH ALL THIS STUDY




AND LORD KNOWS I KNOW  THERE  IS MILLION  A TON  OF





THIS STUDY — MILLIONS OF TONS RIGHT HERE IN THIS




HALL TODAY, REPETITION OF  THE  SAME COCKEYED THING,




JUST LIKE RIGHT NOW WE HAVE  GOT  A STATE STUDY;




YOU HAVE GOT AN INDUSTRIAL STUDY;  YOU HAVE GOT




A FEDERAL STUDY.  WASTING  YOUR TIME, WASTING  YOUR




MONEY.  ALL OF YOU DOING  THE SAME THING.   WHERE




IS ANY RESULT GOING TO COME  FROM THAT?   BECAUSE





IN THE ULTIMATE END, WHAT  YOU  FIND OUT, WHAT




HE FINDS OUT, WHAT I FIND  OUT  AIN'T GOING TO




MEAN A CONTINENTAL THING  UNTIL IT GOES  3EFORE




A LAW COURT.  THERE IS WHERE EVERYTHING IS

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                                                318
        MR. ADOLPH S. TENEBONNE







SETTLED.  THAT JUDGE  IS THE  MAN  GOING TO RENDER




THE DECISION.  THAT  IS WHAT  YOU  THINK--NOT WHAT




YOU THINK, NOT WHAT  I THINK, NOT WHAT YOUR STUDY




COMES UP WITH, NOT WHAT HIS  STUDY COMES  UP WITH




BUT WHAT THAT JUDGE  IS GOING TO  SAY.   THAT IS




THE ULTIMATE END OF ANYTHING IN  THIS  COUNTRY.




AND WE HAVE GOT TO GO 3Y  THE LAW.   AND IT'S





THE ONLY WAY THAT MAN CAN  SURVIVE,  BY OBEYING




THE LAW.  BUT THE SAME LAW HAS TO BE  OBEYED BY




EVERYBODY.  AND IT ALSO HAS  TO BE ENFORCED ON




EVERYBODY.




        NOW, LOOKING AT IT FROM  A PURELY SELF-




PRESERVATION ANGLE, NONE  OF  THIS WEALTH  THAT rt'E





ARE TRYING TO ACCLAIM; NONE  OF THIS PRESTIGE WE




ARE TRYING TO ACCLAIM AS  INDIVIDUALS, I  WILL




TELL YOU FRANKLY, I  CAN'T  SEE WHERE IT'S WORTH




ANYTHING TO ANYBODY  IF YOUR  HEALTH  IS INJURED OR




YOUR LIFE IS IMPAIRED PERMANENTLY.   THIS IS THE





ONLY LIFE YOU HAVE GOT.   IN  MY BOOK THAT IS THE




MOST IMPORTANT THING  I HAVE  GOT.   IT'S THE MOST




IMPORTANT THING I WILL EVER  HAVE.   AND TO STAND




AROUND AND STUDY WHEN THERE  ARE  SOME  ACTIONS

-------
                                                      319
               MR. ADOLPH S. TENEBONNE
       THAT CAN BE TAKEN ON THIS STUFF, I DON'T GO
       ALONG WITH IT WHATSOEVER.
               NOW,  THIS ISN'T MUCH OF A CONTRIBUTION,
       I KNOW, BUT I AM GOING TO GIVE IT TO YOU WITH
       THIS THOUGHT:  THAT YOU CAN PLACE THIS INFORMA-
       TION ALONG WITH THE REST OF YOUR PAPERS--IN ABOUT
       SIX MONTHS YOU CAN THROW IT ALL IN THE INCINERA-
       TOR AND BURN IT AND POLLUTE THE AIR.
MR. GALEGAR:  THANK YOU, MR. TENEBONNE.  ARE THERE ANY
       QUESTIONS?
MR. YANTIS:  MR. TENEBONNE.
MR. GALEGAR:  MR. YANTIS HAS A QUESTION.
MR. TENEBONNE:  SURELY.
MR. YANTIS:  I SPEAK BETTER FRENCH, I THINK, THAN BILL
       GALEGAR.  CAPTAIN TENEBONNE, I DO APPRECIATE
       YOUR REMARKS  AND I DID WHEN YOU SPOKE TWO YEARS
       AGO AT A PUBLIC HEARING WE HELD DOWN IN THE GAL-
       VESTON COUNTY COURTHOUSE WHEN WE WERE ADOPTING
       THE TEXAS QATER QUALITY STANDARDS.   I THINK MANY
       OF THE THINGS YOU HAVE SAID ARE ENTIRELY TRUE
       AND TO THE POINT.  I THINK SOMETIMES YOU ARE
       TRYING TO GET TO THE SAME PLACE WE ARE, ALTHOUGH

-------
                                                320
YOU DON'T EXPRESS  IT  IN QUITE  THE  SAME  WAY.





        I HAVE A LITTLE MORE FAITH IN OUR




JUDICIARY, PERHAPS, THAN YOU DO.   I  THINK PER-




HAPS MORE IS BEING DONE THAN YOU  REALIZE  IS  BEING




DONE.  BUT I THINK IN YOIRWAY,  AND I  KNOW IN MY





WAY WE ARE TRYING  TO  SAY THAT  WE  ARE  DEEPLY  AND




HONESTLY CONCERNED ABOUT THE WORLD WE LIVE IN




AND I THINK WE SHOULD BE.   I DO THINK PROGRESS




IS BEING MADE.  SOMETIMES  IT'S  TOO SLOW.   I  DON'T




THINK ALL THE PAPER WORK IS REALLY WASTED.




        REMEMBER THE  GENERAL THAT  GOT ON  HIS




HORSE AND RODE OFF IN ALL  DIRECTIONS AT ONCE.




WE SIMPLY CAN'T DO THAT.   WE MUST  LOOK  BEFORE WE




LEAP.  WE DO HAVE  TO  PLAN  BEFORE  WE ACT.




        SO I THINK SOME OF THIS PAPER WORK IS




VALUABLE; IT'S NECESSARY.   BUT I  DO AGREE WITH




YOU THAT IF WE PLAN AND DO NOT  ACT THIS IS USE-




LESS.




        I THANK YOU FOR YOUR STATEMENT.  I THINK




THAT WE MUST HEAR  FROM THE PEOPLE--THE  PEOPLE




WHO ARE CONCERNED, AND I THINK THAT EVENTUALLY




WE WILL PRODUCE SOME  BENEFIT FROM  THAT, THE

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                                                       321
       BENEFIT THAT WE ARE TRYING TO PRODUCE.



               SO THANK YOU.



MR. GALEGAR:  MY APOLOGIES, CAPTAIN TENEBONNE,  FOR  MIS-



       PRONOUNCING YOUR NAME.  MY GLASSES AREN'T  READ-



       ING TOO WELL THIS LATE  IN THE DAY.



               ARE THERE--



MR. YANTIS:  YOU KNOW, IT SEEMS NEARLY EVERY OTHER  PERSON



       HAS SAID SOMETHING ABOUT GIVING THIS COUNTRY  BACK



       TO THE INDIANS.  WELL,  BILL GALEGAR SAYS HE  WON'T



       TAKE IT.



MR. GALEGAR:  I  HAVE GOT A COMMENT, BUT  I CAN'T TELL IT



       IN MIXED COMPANY.



                                   (LAUGHTER).



MR. GALEGAR:  ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS ON MY LEFT?



               ALL RIGHT.  ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS  IN



       THE AUDIENCE?



               VERY WELL.  WELL, I THINK I CAN ECHO



       HUGH'S COMMENTS TO A CERTAIN EXTENT.  CAPTAIN



       TENEBONNE, IN THE FACT  THAT IT DOES SEEM LIKE  IT



       TAKES A LONG TIME AND NO DOUBT BUT IT DOES, WE



       ARE DEALING WITH MAJOR  ECONOMIC RESOURCES  IN



       THE COUNTRY IN THESE DAYS AND WHEN WE MAKE A

-------
                                                322
CHANGE WE LIKEWISE ARE  DEALING  WITH MAJOR CHANGES.





SO TO THE EXTENT THAT  IT'S  POSSIBLE,  WE WANT TO





MOVE FAST, BUT WE MUST  MOVE IN  THE RIGHT DIREC-





TION AND WE MUST MOVE WITH  SOME DEGREE OF CARE.





        THAT  IS THE  LAST  CARD  THAT I  HAVE ON MY





LIST.  ARE THERE ANY OTHERS IN  THE AUDIENCE THAT





I  HAVE LEFT OUT?  I  DO  NOT  HAVE A CARD FOR THOSE





WHO MAY HAVE  COME IN LATE AND WISH TO MAKE A STATE-





MENT.





        VERY  WELL.   THEM  I  WOULD LIKE TO ADVISE





YOU OF THIS:  THAT THE  RECORD  FOR THIS PUbiLIC





MEETING WILL  REMAIN  OPEN  FOR 15 DAYS  FOR THE ADDI-





TION OF ANY INFORMATION THAT ANYONE WISHES TO





MAKE, WHETHER YOU HAVE  SUBMITTED ANYTHING AT THIS





MEETING OR NOT.  IF  YOU CARE TO MAKE  SUCH ADDI-





TIONAL INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO US I  WOULD ASK





THAT YOU WOULD SEND  IT  TO ME, AND MY  NAME--IF MY





NAME ESCAPES  YOU--IS WILLIAM C. GALifGAR.  SEND





IT TO THE REGIONAL DIRECTOR, FEDERAL  WATER POLLU-





TION CONTROL  ADMINISTRATION, 1402 ELM STREET,





DALLAS, TEXAS, ZIP CODE 75202.   THAT  INFORMATION





WILL BE ADDED TO THE RECORD.

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                                                323
        IN CLOSING  I WOULD  LIKE  TO SAY THAT IT





HAS BEEN A REAL PRIVILEGE AND  A  PLEASURE TO





CO-CHAIR WITH THE STATE  OF  TEXAS  THIS  PUBLIC MEET-





ING WHICH STARTED OUT  DOING THE  JOB THAT WE ALL





FEEL IS GOING TO BE NECESSARY  AND THAT IS HOW TO





PROPERLY MANAGE THE ESTUARINE  RESOURCES  OF THIS





NATION, OF WHICH TEXAS HAS  A LARGE AND EXTENSIVE





BOUNDARY.





        IN ADDITION TO THAT I  WOULD LIKE TO RECOG-





NIZE, AS I DID EARLIER,  THAT WE  ARE THE  GUESTS OF





THE CITY OF GALVESTON, AND  WE  WISH TO  THANK MAJOR





SCHREIBER--MAJOR?...MAYOR SCHREIBER, MR. RAY





HOOKER OF THE GALVESTON  CHAMBER  OF COMMERCE,





JOE DIXON, TEXAS AIR AND WATER RESOURCES FOUNDA-




TION AND MR.JERRY COLCMAN,  THE HOUSTON-GALVESTON





AREA COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS.





        WE WISH TO ALSO  TilANK  ALL OF THOSE WHO





HAVE TAKEN THE TIME FROM THEIR BUSY SCHEDULES





THAT THEY COULD COME AND PARTICIPATE WITH US IN





THIS MEETING AND SHARE THEIR THOUGHTS  WITH US.





        IT BEHOOVES THEM AND YOU WHO HAVE COME





HERE TO SHARE IN THIS  TASK,  BECAUSE IT'S YOUR

-------
                                                324
CONTRIBUTIONS THAT WILL  LARGELY  DIRECT WHAT




HUGH YANTIS1 AGENCY AND  THE  OTHER  TEXAS STATE




AGENCIES AND THE FEDERAL  GOVERNMENT DOES IN TERMS




OF THESE VALUABLE RESOURCES.




        SO ON BEHALF OF  HUGH  AND MYSELF AND OUR




OTHER STAFF MEMBERS WE WISH  TO THANK YOU.




        WITH THAT WE WILL ADJOURN.










          _A_D_D_E._N_D_U_M_




        STATEMENT TO BE  MADE  FOR HEARING-UNITED




STATES DEPT. OF INTERIOR  FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION




CONTROL ADMIN., HELD AT  GALVESTON,  TEXAS,  OCTOBER




8, 1968:




        MY NAME IS DICK  RAYCRAFT.   I AM ASSIST-




ANT TO HARRIS COUNTY JUDGE BILL  ELLIOTT, WHO




COULD NOT BE HERE TODAY  DUE  TO PRIOR COMMITT-




MENTS.




        I DO NOT HAVE A  PREPARED STATEMENT,  BUT





ON BEHALF OF HARRIS COUNTY  I  WOULD LIKE TO SAY




FOR THE RECORD THAT WE ARE COGNIZANT OF THE FACT




THE SHIP CHANNEL THAT FLOWS  FROM HOUSTON IS A




MAJOR POCKET OF POLLUTION DUE TO INDUSTRIAL WASTES

-------
                                                325
WE ARE SEEKING SOLUTIONS  TO  THIS  PROBLEM,  AS WELL




AS TO OTHER POLLUTION PROBLEMS  IN HARRIS  COUNTY.




IN DOING SO, WE ARE WILLING  TO  WORK WITH  STUDY




GROUPS, SUCH AS THE GALVESTON BAY STUDY GROUP,




OR WITH ANY AGENCY  IN ATTEMPTING  TO FIND  FEASIBLE




METHODS TO COMBAT THIS ACUTE PROBLEM OF UNCLEAN




WATER.










        COMMENTS PREPARED BY THE  WATER SUPPLY




AND SEA RESOURCES PROGRAM, PUBLIC HEALTH  SERVICE,




REGION VII, PRESENTED AT  THE PUBLIC MEETING ON





POLLUTION PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ESTUARINE




AREAS, OCTOBER 8, 1968, GALVESTON TEXAS:




        HEALTH IS A MAJOR CONCERN IN ESTUARY





MANAGEMENT.




        ESTUARIES EITHER  PRODUCE  OR ARE IN THE




PRODUCTION CHAIN OF MANY  OF  OUR SEAFOODS.   HEALTHY




ESTUARIES ARE ABSOLUTELY  NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN




REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH FOR  MANY  SPECIES  OF FISH,




SHRIMP, CRABS, AND  SHELLFISH.   MOST OF OUR SHELL-





FISH ARE PRODUCED IN ESTUARIES  -  ABOUT 95% OF




THE TEXAS OYSTER PRODUCTION  COMES FROM GALVESTON

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                                                326
BAY.  SINCE SHELLFISH  CONCENTRATE BACTERIA,





VIRUSES AND CHEMICALS,  GROWING WATERS MUST MEET





STRICT QUALITY  REQUIREMENTS  TO ASSURE THAT SHELL-





FISH ARE SAFE TO  EAT.





        ESTUARIES ARE  A MAJOR  PART OF OUR WATER





RECREATIONAL PLAYGROUND.   ENJOYMENT OF THESE





WATERS SHOULD NOT BE MARRED  BY KISHAP, NOR SHOULD





IT BE MARRED BY DISEASE AND  SICKNESS.  RECREA-





TIONAL WATERS SHOULD AND MUST  RE  MAINTAINED IN





BOTH QUALITY AND  CONDITION FOR THE FULL ENJOYMENT





OF OUR PEOPLE.





        ESTUARIES CAN  AND DO PRODUCE VECTORS





SUCH AS MOSQUITOS AND  OTHER  INSECTS WHICH MAY





TRANSMIT DISEASE AS WELL AS  CAUSE DISCOMFORT





TO THEIR VICTIMS.  WATER DEPTH,  SHORELINE CON-





FIGURATION, AQUATIC GROWTHS  AND TEMPERATURES





ARE CONTROLLABLE  FACTORS  THAT  AFFECT THE REPRO-





DUCTION OF THESE HARMFUL NUISANCES.





        THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE HAS LONG tsEEN





IN THE BUSINESS OF PROTECTING  THE PUBLIC'S





HEALTH AND IN ASSISTING OTHERS TO PROTECT THE





PUBLIC'S HEALTH.  WE ARE,  THEREFORE, SERIOUSLY

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                                                327
AND INTIMATELY CONCERNED  WITH  WATER QUALITY AS





IT RELATES TO HEALTH.





        ON SEPTEMBER  1,  1966,  PRESIDENT JOHNSON





APPROVED AN  INTERDEPARTMENTAL  AGREEMENT BETWEEN





THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,  EDUCATION AND WELFARE





AND THE DEPARTMENT OF  THE  INTERIOR.  THIS AGREE-





MENT SETS FORTH THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE TWO





DEPARTMENTS  IN THE FIELD  OF  WATER POLLUTION CON-





TROL.   UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, THE  SURGEON GENERAL





OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE SHALL PROVIDE CON-





SULTATION, ADVICE AND  ASSISTANCE  RELATIVE TO





THE HEALTH ASPECTS OF  WATER  POLLUTION,  ESPECI-





ALLY AS IT AFFECTS MAN'S  DRINKING WATER; WATER





CONTACT IN RECREATION  AND  WORK;  TO THE  CONTAMINA-




TION OF FOOD SOURCES,  PARTICULARLY SHELLFISH,





AND TO SPECIFIC INSECT VECTORS OF DISEASE.





        IN REFERENCE TO THE  PROTECTION  OF SHELL-





FISH GROWING WATERS,  IT HAS  BEEN  AGREED THAT THE





FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL  ADMINISTRATION





WILL SUBMIT  TO THE PUBLIC  HEALTH  SERVICE FOR





REVIEW, CONSTRUCTION GRANT APPLICATIONS FOR WASTE





TREATMENT FACILITIES AND  FEDERAL  INSTALLATIONS

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                                                328
WHOSE OPERATION MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT  SHELL-




FISH GROWING WATERS.   IN 3UCH REVIEWS,  THE  PUB-




LIC HEALTH SERVICE, IN COOPERATION WITH THE




STATE SHELLFISH CONTROL AUTHORITIES,  PROVIDES





THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRA-




TION WITH INFORMATION  REGARDING  THE SPECIES,




QUANTITY OF SHELLFISH  AND THE LOCATION  OF  THE




BEDS IN RELATION TO THE TREATMENT FACILITY  OUT-




FALL WITH COMMENTS CONCERNING THE EFFECTS  WHICH




MIGHT BE EXPECTED TO THE GROWING AREAS.  RECOM-




MENDATIONS ARE ALSO MADE TO INCORPORATE IN  THE




SEWERAGE SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA, DEVICES  AND




SAFETY FEATURES WHICH  MAY BE EXPECTED TO PROVIDE




MAXIMUM RELIABILITY FOR UNIFORM  QUALITY OF  THE




EFFLUENT OF THE WASTE  TREATMENT  PLANT.




        THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE HAS BEEN  IN-




VOLVED IN THE NATIONAL SHELLFISH SANITATION  PRO-




GRAM IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATES,  OTHER  FED-




ERAL AGENCIES AND THE  SHELLFISH  INDUSTRY FOR




MORE THAN FORTY YEARS.  THE MAJOR OBJECTIVE  OF





THIS PROGRAM IS TO ASSURE CONTINUED SAFE USE  OF




SHELLFISH FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION  AND TO  ENCOURAGE

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                                                329
WATER QUALITY PROGRAMS WHICH WILL  PRESERVE





POTENTIAL SHELLFISH PRODUCING  AREAS  FOR THIS





BENEFICIAL USE.





        THE PRINCIPAL ROLES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH





SERVICE IN THE PROGRAM ARE TO:   (1)   PROVIDE





LEADERSHIP AND TO COORDINATE FEDERAL AND STATE





SHELLFISH SANITATION ACTIVITIES;  (2)  CONDUCT





ANNUAL EVALUATIONS OF EACH STATE'S PROGRAM AND





SUPPLY A SEMI-MONTHLY LIST OF  ALL  VALID INTER-





STATE SHELLFISH SHIPPERS  TO HEALTH AUTHORITIES





AND OTHERS CONCERNED; AND, (3)  ESTABLISH STAND-





ARDS FOR GROWING WATER QUALITY.





        IN RESPECT TO RECREATIONAL USE AND VEC-





TOR CONTROL, THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE REPRE-





SENTS THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,  EDUCATION AND





WELFARE IN WATER RESOURCES PLANNING  ACTIVITIES





AND HEALTH ASPECTS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL.





THROUGH REVIEW OF PLANS AND PARTICIPATION ON





INTERAGENCY COORDINATING  COMMITTEES,  WE FURNISH





GUIDELINES, CONSULTATION  MiND RECOMMENDATIONS





WITH REGARD TO HEALTH RELATED  ASPECTS OF PRO-





POSED WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECTS.

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                                               330
        THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE IS CONCERNED




THAT OUR ESTUARIES BE USED IN A MANNER TO PRO-




VIDE THE CREATES BENEFIT TO THE MOST PEOPLE.




WE, THEREFORE, SUPPORT THE FEDERAL WATER POLLU-




TION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION IN ITS EFFORTS TO




DETERMINE THE AFFECTS OF MAN'S ACTIVITIES ON




THE USES, ENJOYMENT AND VALUE OF ESTUARIES AND





THEIR EFFORTS TO PREPARE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A




"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PRESER-




VATION, STUDY, USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ESTUARIES




OF THE NATION, AND THE RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILI-




TIES WHICH SHOULD BE ASSUMED BY FEDERAL, STATE




AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND BY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE




INTERESTS.










        STATEMENT OF GALVESTON COUNTY COMMIS-




SIONERS' COURT AT PUBLIC HEARING, GALVESTON,




OCTOBER 8, 1968:




        THE GALVESTON COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' COURT




SUPPORT AND ENDORSE THE STATEMENT PRESENTED TO




YOU BY MAYOR EMMETT LOWRY OF TEXAS CITY AND




WISH TO REAFFIRM OUR STATEMENT PRESENTED TO

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                                               331
YOU BY MAYOR LOWRY, WHICH WAS FIRST PRESENTED




TO THE TEXAS LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE ON LAND USE




AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN TEXAS CITY LAST




MONTH.




        I AM HERE TODAY TO INDICATE THE INTENSE




INTEREST OF GALVESTON COUNTY AND GALVESTON




COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' COURT IN THE SUBJECT OF




WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, AND COMMISSIONER PAUL




HOPKINS AND COMMISSIONER JACK LAWRENCE ARE HERE




TO REINFORCE THIS.




        WE ALSO REAFFIRM AND PLEDGE OUR COOPERA-




TION WITH ALL THE CITIES OF GALVESTON COUNTY IN




A COOPERATIVE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM




AND PLEDGE OUR COOPERATION NOW AND IN THE FUTURE




WITH THE TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD, THE STATE




HEALTH DEPARTMENT, AND THE TEXAS PARKS AND




WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT, AND THE FEDERAL AGENCIES




CONCERNED, ESPECIALLY THE U. S. ARMY CORPS OF




ENGINEERS AND THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CON-





TROL ADMINISTRATION.




        WE PRIMARILY BELIEVE THAT COUNTIES NEED




MORE AUTHORITY OVER LAND USE WHETHER ABOVE WATER

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                                               332
OR SUBMERGED LANDS OTHER THAN THAT USED PRIMARILY




FOR NAVIGATION.  HOWEVER, WE RECOGNIZE THIS AS




A STATE LEGISLATIVE PROBLEM ABOUT WHICH THE




FEDERAL INTEREST CAN DO LITTLE OR NOTHING.




        FINALLY, WE BELIEVE THAT WATER POLLUTION




CONTROL SHOULD BE THE AUTHORITY OF LOCAL AND




STATE GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES.  HOWEVER, THERE IS




A DEFINITE FEDERAL INTEREST IN THIS AREA, AND




WE BELIEVE THIS SHOULD BE OF A WATCH-DOG CHARAC-




TER AND TO SET AND ENFORCE FINALLY NATION-WIDE





STANDARDS IF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL AGEN-




CIES WILL NOT ENFORCE SUCH STANDARDS.




        GALVESTON COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' COURT




APPRECIATES VERY MUCH THE FEDERAL WATER POLLU-




TION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION BEING PRESENT IN




GALVESTON COUNTY AND FOR HOLDING THIS HEARING.




HOWEVER, WE ARE NOT AWARE OF WHAT YOUR PRIMARY




INTEREST IS HERE, AND WE LELIEVE THAT THIS




SHOULD BE MORE CLEARLY DEFINED SO THAT WE MIGHT




PRESENT INFORMATION AND PROVIDE ASSISTANCE IN




YOUR ENDEAVORS.

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                                               333
        STATEMENT ON TEXAS BAYS AND ESTUARIES
FROM THE BUREAU OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, THE UNIVER-
SITY OF TEXAS (AUSTIN) TO THE FEDERAL WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION BY PETER T.
FLAWN, DIRECTOR AND RESEARCH SCIENTIST J. H.
MC GOWEN:
        THE FOLLOWING IS A BRIEF STATEMENT OF
THE TYPE OF STUDY WE RECOMMEND AS HELPFUL IN
DEVELOPING AN UNDERSTANDING OF SEDIMENT FILL
AND DISPERSAL IN TEXAS BAYS AND ESTUARIES, AND
THE AREA IN WHICH THE BUREAU OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS CAN CONTRIBUTE.  SEDI-
MENTARY PROCESSES WITHIN THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES
AND THE EFFECTS OF MAN ON ACCELERATING OR DECEL-
ERATING THE NATURAL PROCESSES OPERATING ON THE
MAINLAND SIDE OF BAYS ARE THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS
THAT REQUIRE STUDY.  A LOGICAL FIRST STEP TOWARD
SOLVING POLLUTION, AND OTHER LAND AND WATER USE
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE BAYS AND ESTUARIES OF
TEXAS IS A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY
PROCESSES WITHIN THE BAY AND ADJACENT MAINLAND,
BARRIER ISLAND, AND SHOREFACE AREAS.  THIS WOULD

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                                               334
ENTAIL THE STUDY OF INTERACTION OF FLUVIAL PRO-




CESSES, CIRCULATION PATTERNS WITHIN THE BAY,




CURRENT SYSTEMS WITHIN TIDAL PASSES AND CREEKS,




AND EFFECTS OF HURRICANES ON BOTH SEAWARD AND




MAINLAND SIDES OF BAYS.  THESE TYPES OF STUDY




REQUIRE MONITORING OF SELECTED AREAS DURING AN




EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME BECAUSE BAYS ARE NOT




IN A STATE OF EQUILIBRIUM.




        MAN IS CONTINUALLY ALTERING THE PHYSICAL




ENVIRONMENT BY CONSTRUCTING DAMS ACROSS MAJOR




RIVER SYSTEMS, BY AFFECTING VOLUME OF SEDIMENT




CARRIED BY BOTH LARGE AMD SMALL FLUVIAL SYSTEMS




THROUGH FARMING PRACTICES AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE,





AND BY ALTERING CIRCULATION PATTERNS WITHIN BAYS




BY DIVERTING SITES OF DISCHARGE OF MAJOR FLUVIAL




SYSTEMS AND BY DREDGING CHANNELS WITHIN THE BAYS.




EXAMPLES OF ACCELERATED SEDIMENTATION RATES




CAUSED BY MAN ARE:  (1) THE BREAKING UP OF A LOG




JAM IN THE COLORADO RIVER AND THE RESULTANT RAPID





PROGRADATION OF THE DELTA ACROSS MATAGORDA BAY




(REMOVAL OF THE LOG JAM BEGAN IN 1925 AND BY




1936 THE DELTA HAD PROGRADED ACROSS THE BAY),

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                                               335
AND (2) CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINAGE CHANNELS IN




SAN PATRICIO COUNTY (ONE OF THE SYSTEMS, DRAIN-




AGE DISTRICT 2, DISCHARGES INTO NUECES BAY.




SINCE 1939 ABOUT 0.5 SQ. MI. OF THE BAY HAS




BEEN FILLED BY SEDIMENT DISCHARGED THROUGH THIS





SYSTEM.  SEDIMENT REMOVAL FROM BANKS AND FLOORS




OF THE CHANNEL SYSTEM IS ACCELERATED BY BREAK-




DOWN OF MUDDY SAND BY OIL FIELD BRINE THAT IS




DISCHARGED THROUGH THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM.  A SINGLE




DEPOSITIONAL EVENT ASSOCIATED WITH HURRICANE




BEULAH, 1967, INCREASED THE VOLUME OF SEDIMENT




IN THIS AREA BY SOME 270,000 CUBIC YARDS).




        PROCESSES OPERATING IN SUCH SYSTEMS AS




THE TEXAS BAYS AND ESTUARIES ARE REFLECTED IN




THE DISPERSAL AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEDIMENT AND




SEDIMENT TYPE.  AN UNDERSTANDING OF THESE PRO-




CESSES IS BASIC TO ANY PLAN OF POLLUTION CONTROL.




        MAPS SHOWING SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION ON




BOTTOMS OF BAYS AND ESTUARIES ARE VALUABLE IN




DETERMINING THE NET TRANSPORT DIRECTION WITHIN




BAYS, AND IN ANALYZING THE GROSS CURRENT PATTERNS




OPERATIVE WITHIN BAYS.  IN ADDITION, SEASONAL

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                                               336
MONITORING IS NECESSARY DURING THE YEAR.  FOR




EXAMPLE, MONITORING CURRENTS DURING THE TWO




RAINFALL MAXIMA (MAY AND SEPTEMBER) TO DETER-




MINE THE ROLE PLAYED BY INFLUX OF FRESH WATER




AND SEDIMENT FROM THE MAINLAND,  IN THE WINTER





WHEN WATER LEVEL IS LOWERED ALONG THE MAINLAND




SHORE AND RAISED ALONG THE BAYWARD SIDES OF




BARRIER ISLANDS, AND WHEN DIRECTIONS OF PREVAIL-




ING WINDS CHANGE.  HURRICANE EFFECTS ARE BEST




STUDIED ALONG THE BARRIER CHAIN  THROUGH CHANGES




IN PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES SUCH AS FOREDUNE RIDGES,





WASHOVER FANS AND ASSOCIATED CHANNELS, AND BY




MAPPING SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE ADJACENT




BAYS.  ON THE MAINLAND SIDE OF BAYS HURRICANE




AFTERMATH RATHER THAN STORM SURGE FLOOD IS THE




PROCESS AFFECTING WATER AND SEDIMENT DISCHARGES




AND ULTIMATELY CIRCULATION WITH  THE BAYS.




        CAREFUL, DETAILED STUDIES OF SEDIMENT




DISPERSAL AND CURRENT PATTERNS IN AREAS OF BAY-




HEAD DELTAS, FAN DELTAS, TIDAL CHANNELS AND




ASSOCIATED TIDAL DELTAS ARE OF PRIME IMPORTANCE




AS THESE ARE THE SITES OF THE MOST INTENSE PHYSI-

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                                               337
CAL PROCESSES.  SALINITY GRADIENT AND SEDIMENT





INFLUX IS GREATEST IN PARTS OF THE BAY ADJACENT




TO BAYHEAD DELTAS, AND THE GREATEST EXCHANGE




BETWEEN WATERS OF THE GULF OF MEXICO AND TEXAS




BAYS IS IN THE IMMEDIATE AREA OF TIDAL PASSES.





        TIDAL RANGE ALONG THE TEXAS GULF COAST




IS LOW, SOUTHWARD FROM ST. JOSEPH ISLAND TO PORT




ISABEL IT IS IN THE RANGE OF 1.5 TO 2.0 FEET,




AND IS CONSIDERABLY LESS IN THE BAYS.  IN SOME




BAYS, E.G. NUECES BAY, ASTRONOMICAL TIDES ARE




IN THE RANGE OF 0.25 FOOT.  BECAUSE OF THE




BARRIER ISLAND CHAIN AND LIMITED NUMBER OF TIDAL




CHANNELS CONNECTING THE GULF OF MEXICO AND TEXAS




BAYS THE TIDAL PRISM CONCEPT OF DILUTION PRE-




SUMABLY CANNOT BE APPLIED TO TEXAS BAYS.




        THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES




AND THE BUREAU OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, THE UNIVERS-




ITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN, HAVE BEEN ACTIVE IN THE




STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES AND SEDIMENT DIS-




TRIBUTION ALONG THE TEXAS GULF COAST SINCE THE




LATE 1950'S.  SINCE THAT TIME DATA HAS BEEN AC-




CUMULATED ON THE AREA LYING BETWEEN PORT ISABEL

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                                                338
AND THE NORTHERN PART OF ST. JOSEPH  ISLAND.





THESE STUDIES INCLUDE:  CD DETAILED GRANULO-




METRIC STUDIES OF NERITIC, BEACH, BAY, AND DUNE




SEDIMENT; (2) SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES AND  SEDIMENT




DISPERSAL ALONG THE FORESHORE AND BEACH  OF BARRIER




ISLANDS, WASHOVER FANS, TIDAL DELTAS, AND FAN




DELTAS; (3) OSTRACOD ECOLOGY OF TIDAL DELTAS, AND




MOLLUSCAN ECOLOGY OF MESQUITE BAY; (if) PLANT




DISTRIBUTION ON WASHOVER FANS, TIDAL DELTAS, AND




BAY MARGINS; (5) CLAY MINERAL DISTRIBUTION IN




VARIOUS DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF WASHOVER




FANS; (6) AND EFFECTS OF HURRICANES ON COASTAL




LAGOONS AND BAYS.




        WE HAVE SOME DATA ON SPECIFIC AREAS




AND HAVE THE CAPABILITY OF INTEGRATING THIS AND




THE NECESSARY ADDITIONAL DATA INTO A UNIFIED SEDI-




MENTARY PROCESS AND SEDIMENT DISPERSAL STUDY OF




SELECTED TEXAS BAYS.










        LETTER TO MR. WILLIAM C. GALEGAR FROM




MR. REX BRAUN, STATE REPRESENTATIVE, HARRIS





COUNTY, DISTRICT 23, PLACE 4:

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                                               339
        THANK YOU FOR YOUR LETTER OF SEPTEMBER




10TH INVITING ME TO APPEAR OR TO SUBMIT A STATE-




MENT AT ONE OF YOUR PUBLIC MEETINGS ON POLLUTION




OF ESTUARINE AREAS.





        I DO NOT FEEL THAT I HAVE THE TECHNICAL




EXPERTISE REQUIRED TO MAKE A CONTRIBUTION TO




YOUR HEARINGS ON THIS IMPORTANT TOPIC, AND  I AM




AT A LOSS TO COMMENT ON SEVERAL OF THE QUESTIONS




LISTED IN THE GUIDELINES WHICH ACCOMPANIED  YOUR




LETTER.  AS A STATE LEGISLATOR REPRESENTING THE




MOST HEAVILY POLLUTED DISTRICT IN THE ENTIRE




STATE OF TEXAS I AM PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH THE




EFFECTS OF WATER AND AIR POLLUTION IN OUR URBAN




AREAS,  AND I HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO GIVE SUFFI-




CIENT ATTENTION TO THE POLLUTION PROBLEM IN THE




ESTUARIES.




        HOWEVER, POLLUTION OF GALVESTON BAY IS




OF VERY GRAVE CONCERN TO ALL OF US.  THE ECONOMY




OF MY DISTRICT DEPENDS IN NO SMALL WAY ON GALVES-





TON BAY, AND TENS OF THOUSANDS OF WORKING PEOPLE




IN HARRIS COUNTY USE GALVESTON BAY FOR SPORTS




FISHING AND RECREATION PURPOSES, AND I TRUST

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                                                339
        THANK YOU FOR YOUR LETTER OF SEPTEMBER




10TH INVITING ME TO APPEAR OR TO SUBMIT A STATE-




MENT AT ONE OF YOUR PUBLIC MEETINGS ON POLLUTION




OF ESTUARINE AREAS.




        I DO NOT FEEL THAT I HAVE THE TECHNICAL




EXPERTISE REQUIRED TO MAKE A CONTRIBUTION TO




YOUR HEARINGS ON THIS IMPORTANT TOPIC, AND  I AM




AT A LOSS TO COMMENT ON SEVERAL OF THE QUESTIONS




LISTED IN THE GUIDELINES WHICH ACCOMPANIED  YOUR




LETTER.  AS A STATE LEGISLATOR REPRESENTING THE




MOST HEAVILY POLLUTED DISTRICT IN THE ENTIRE





STATE OF TEXAS I AM PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH THE




EFFECTS OF WATER AND AIR POLLUTION IN OUR URBAN




AREAS,  AND I HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO GIVE SUFFI-




CIENT ATTENTION TO THE POLLUTION PROBLEM IN THE




ESTUARIES.




        HOWEVER, POLLUTION OF GALVESTON BAY IS




OF VERY GRAVE CONCERN TO ALL OF US.  THE ECONOMY




OF MY DISTRICT DEPENDS IN NO SMALL WAY ON GALVES-




TON BAY, AND TENS OF THOUSANDS OF WORKING PEOPLE




IN HARRIS COUNTY USE GALVESTON BAY FOR SPORTS




FISHING AND RECREATION PURPOSES, AND I TRUST

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YOUR AGENCY WILL KEEP THIS IMPORTANT RECREATIONAL




FACTOR IN MIND IN DEVELOPING AN ANSWER TO THE




QUESTION ABOUT THE VALUE OF AN ESTUARY CONTAINED




IN YOUR GUIDELINE.




        IT GOES WITHOUT SAYING THAT MANY OF OUR




ESTUARIES HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY POLLUTION, AND




GALVESTON BAY IS TO MY MIND A PERFECT EXAMPLE OF




THE RAPE OF A GREAT NATURAL WATERWAY BY THE IN-




DUSTRIAL POLLUTERS.  THE SHAMEFUL POLLUTION OF




GALVESTON BAY IS MATCHED ONLY BY THE GREED OF




THE SHELL DREDGERS WHO ARE ALSO PLUDERING THE




BAY.




        I HOPE THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WILL




TAKE PROMPT AND EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT ACTION




AGAINST THE INDUSTRIAL POLLUTERS WHO ARE DUMP-




ING THEIR WASTES INTO THE BAY, AND I DO NOT




BELIEVE THAT THE FEDERAL LAWS MOW ON THE BOOKS,




MUCH LESS OUR TOTALLY UNSATISFACTORY STATE LAWS,




ARE CAPABLE OF DEALING WITH THIS PROBLEM.










        STATEMENT FILED WITH THE FEDERAL WATER




POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION BY THE LEAGUE

-------
                                               341
OF WOMEN VOTERS OF TEXAS IN RESPONSE TO MR.




W. C. GALEGAR'S INVITATION TO PARTICIPATE IN




THE MEETINGS BEING HELD IN BROWNSVILLE, CORPUS




CHRISTI, GALVESTON AND ORANGE IN OCTOBER, 1968:




        THE LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF TEXAS IS




PLEASED TO RESPOND TO THE INVITATION TO SUBMIT




A STATEMENT FOR INCLUSION IN THE RECORD OF THE




MEETINGS HELD IN TEXAS BY THE FEDERAL WATER POLLU-




TION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION IN OCTOBER, 1968.




        THE LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF TEXAS IS




A VOLUNTEER CITIZENS ORGANIZATION WORKING IN THE




FIELD OF GOVERNMENT ON LOCAL, STATE AND NATIONAL




ISSUES.  IT HAS 4000 MEMBERS IN 38 AREAS THROUGH-




OUT THE STATE.  NATIONALLY THE LEAGUE HAS BEEN




STUDYING WATER RESOURCES SINCE 1956 AND HAS




TAKEN ACTION IN THIS FIELD SINCE 1960.




        THE IMPORTANCE OF ESTUARINE WATERS IS




KNOWN TO LEAGUE MEMBERS AND IS OF PARTICULAR




CONCERN TO THOSE IN TEXAS.  THESE TIDAL AREAS




WHERE SALT AND FRESH WATER MEET, AND THEIR ADJA-




CENT SALT MARSHES AND SHALLOW COASTAL BAYS ARE




VERY PRODUCTIVE REGIONS.  ESTUARINES ARE UNUS-

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                                               342
UALLY RICH IN NATURAL RESOURCES AND IN RECREA-





TION POTENTIAL.  THEY ARE VULNERABLE BECAUSE




THEY SHELTER ORGANISMS AND BECAUSE THEY ARE A





NATURAL TRAP FOR WATER-BORNE POLLUTION.  THESE




ONCE ISOLATED NURSERIES FOR FINFISH AND SHELLFISH





ARE BECOMING DUMPING AREAS FOR DREDGING SPOILS




AND SOLID WASTES.  IN SOME SECTIONS SHALLOW BAYS




ARE BEING DREDGED AND THE SALT MARSHES FILLED.





        SOME OF OUR COASTAL CITIES IN TEXAS HAVE




BECOME GREAT PORTS BECAUSE THEY ARE LOCATED ON




ESTUARIES.  THROUGH THESE ESTUARIES MOVE MANY




IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.  BECAUSE OF THEM GREAT MANU-




FACTURING COMPLEXES HAVE LOCATED IN THESE AREAS.




THESE HAVE IN TURN BEEN THE CAUSE OF MUCH POLLU-




TION.  IT IS TO BE HOPED THAT IMPROVEMENTS IN




MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WILL




IN TIME BRING THIS EXCESSIVE WATER POLLUTION




UNDER CONTROL.




        WE AGREE WITH THE REPORT OF THE WATER





POLLUTION CONTROL ADVISORY BOARD'S MEETING IN




TEXAS IN JUNE, 1967, THAT:  "IN THE INTEREST OF




FISH, WILDLIFE, RECREATION AND COMMERCIAL FISHING,

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                                               343
TEXAS' MANY RESERVOIRS SHOULD INCLUDE STORAGE




TO MAINTAIN PROPER SALT AND FRESH WATER BAL-





ANCES IN THE GULF COAST ESTUARIES."  MANY RESER-




VOIRS IN TEXAS - BOTH EXISTING AND PROPOSED -




ARE APPARENTLY NOT CONSIDERING INCLUDING STORAGE





FOR PURPOSES OF FRESH WATER RELEASES TO ESTUARIES




TO MAINTAIN PROPER BALANCE FOR FISH AND OTHER




AQUATIC LIFE.




        WE AGREE WITH THE BOARD THAT THESE RELEASES




SHOULD NOT SUBSTITUTE FOR ADEQUATE TREATMENT OF




WASTES BEFORE DISCHARGE INTO THE STREAMS.  WE




ALSO ENCOURAGE RESERVOIR STORAGE IN THE INTEREST




OF FISH AND WILDLIFE IN TEXAS ESTUARIES AT THE




SAME TIME REALIZING THAT EFFORTS MUST BE MADE TO




ASSIST THE MANY FORMS OF AQUATIC LIFE WHICH




DEPEND UPON SALT WATER FOR THEIR EXISTENCE.




IS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SOME KIND OF SALINE





LAGOON POSSIBLE OR REALISTIC?




        THE INTEREST OF TEXAS IS CLEARLY RECOG-




NIZED BY THE CONGRESS IN ITS STATEMENT OF POLICY




"TO PRESERVE AND PROTECT THE RESPONSIBILITIES




OF THE STATES IN PROTECTING, CONSERVING AND

-------
RESTORING THE ESTUARIES IN THE U. S."  WE HOPE




THAT SUCH AREAS CAN BE PROTECTED ADEQUATELY




THROUGH LOCAL, STATE OR FEDERAL LEGISLATION





WITHOUT FEDERAL LAND ACQUISITION OR ADMINISTRA-




TION.  WHERE LOCAL AND STATE AGENCIES ARE CONDUCT-




ING A SATISFACTORY MANAGEMENT OF ESTUARINE AREAS,




THE LEAGUE THINKS THEY SHOULD BE LEFT IN CHARGE.





WE THINK IT IS NECESSARY TO EXPLAIN TO STATE AND




LOCAL CITIZENS JUST WHAT IS BEING DONE AND WHY.




WE THINK A POPULAR PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS




OF ANY STUDY SHOULD BE MADE LOCALLY.  THIS




EFFORT IS NECESSARY TO CREATE CITIZEN DEMAND




FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LOCAL ESTUARIES.










        COMMENTS PREPARED BY THE TEXAS STATE




DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH FOR INCLUSION AS PART OF




THE RECORD OF THE PUBLIC MEETING ON POLLUTION




PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ESTUARINE AREAS,





OCTOBER 8, 1968, GALVESTON, TEXAS:




        ESTUARINE AREAS OF TEXAS ARE OF GREAT




ECONOMIC AND RECREATIONAL VALUE TO THE STATE




AND TO THE NATION.  ECONOMIC VALUE IS IN PART

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                                               345
GENERATED BY ESTUARINE AREA CAPACITY TO PRODUCE




SAFE AND EDIBLE MARINE FOODS.  TEXAS FOR INSTANCE,




RANKED 6TH NATIONALLY IN OYSTER PRODUCTION DUR-




ING 1967.  OYSTER PRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD





1966 TO 1967 HAS BEEN ESTIMATED CONSERVATIVELY




AT 8,278,200 POUNDS.  THIS 8,278,200 POUNDS CF




OYSTERS WOULD PROVIDE SOMETHING LIKE 27,594,000




SERVINGS OF ONE DOZEN OYSTERS PER SERVING. ASSUM-




ING THAT EACH SERVING OF OYSTERS WOULD RETAIL




FOR $1.50 PER SERVING, THE VALUE OF TEXAS OYSTERS




FOR THE PERIOD 1966 TO 1967 COULD BE ESTIMATED AT




$41,391,000.00.  THE OYSTER, OF COURSE, WHILE




IMPORTANT AS A TEXAS MARINE PRODUCT IS EXCEEDED




IN ECONOMIC VALUE BY SHRIMP AND OTHER MARINE




PRODUCTS.




        THE TEXAS STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH HAS




FOR MANY YEARS CONDUCTED WATER QUALITY PROGRAMS




OF THE BAY WATER OF TEXAS AS THEY SPECIFICALLY




RELATE TO SHELLFISH.  IN 1965 THE 59TH LEGISLA-




TURE ENACTED THE TEXAS SHELLFISH SANITATION LAW




(VERNON'S REVISED CIVIL STATUTES 4050F) WHICH




STIPULATES THAT THE COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH HAS

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                                               346
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF DECLARING AN AREA POLLUTED





AND CLOSED TO THE HARVESTING OF SHELLFISH IF





SUCH AN AREA IS DETERMINED AS UNSUITABLE FOR




THE HARVESTING OF SAFE EDIBLE SHELLFISH (OYSTERS),




THE TERM "POLLUTED" IS DEFINED BY THE STATUTE




"AS AN AREA WHICH IS CONTINUOUSLY OR INTERMITT-




ENTLY SUBJECT TO THE DISCHARGE OF SEWAGE OR OTHER




WASTE OR TO THE PRESENCE OF COLIFORM ORGANISMS




IN QUANTITIES LIKELY TO INDICATE THAT SHELLFISH





TAKEN THEREFROM ARE UNFIT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION."




IT MUST BE BORNE IN MIND THAT WATERS CONSIDERED




AS UNSUITABLE FOR THE HARVESTING OF SAFE EDIBLE




SHELLFISH MAY EXCEED STANDARDS OF QUALITY RE-




QUIRED FOR OTHER PURPOSES.  THE BACTERIOLOGICAL




QUALITY STANDARDS FOR OYSTER HARVESTING WATERS




AS SET FORTH IN PART I OF THE NATIONAL SHELLFISH




SANITATION MANUAL AS APPLICABLE TO TEXAS BAYS




AND ESTUARINES ARE MORE STRINGENT THAN THOSE




GENERALLY SET FOR NATURAL BATHING PLACES.




        THE CONTINUOUS APPRAISAL OF WATER QUALITY




AND CLASSIFICATION OF TEXAS' BAY WATERS AS TO




THEIR SUITABILITY AS SHELLFISH HARVESTING WATERS

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                                               347
ARE NECESSARY IN VIEW OF THE ABILITY OF THE




OYSTERS TO FILTER OUT AND CONCENTRATE BACTERIA,




PESTICIDES, RADIONUCLIDES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES




SUCH AS HEAVY METALS THEREBY POSING A DANGER




TO PUBLIC HEALTH IF PRESENT IN THE OYSTERS BEING





MARKETED.  IN THIS RESPECT THE OYSTER IS PERHAPS




UNIQUE IN THAT HIS ENVIRONMENT IS ALL IMPORTANT




IN DETERMINING WHETHER OR NOT HE WILL BE OF




ACCEPTABLE QUALITY FOR A FOOD PRODUCT.  THE




COMPLETE DEPENDENCY UPON ENVIRONMENT IS DUE




TO THE FACT THAT THE OYSTER IS IMMOBILE AND




THEREFORE UNABLE TO SEEK A NEW ENVIRONMENT.




        APPROXIMATELY 80% OF THE SURFACE AREA IN





TEXAS' BAYS HAS BEEN CLASSIFIED AS APPROVED FOR




THE HARVESTING OF SAFE EDIBLE SHELLFISH AS




SHOWN BY THE FOLLOWING CHART.

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               APPROXIMATE SURFACE AREA  (%}
               OF  TEXAS BAYS BY CLASSIFICATION
                                                                       348
CYFITEM
                     APPROWD AREAS
CONDITIONALLY
   APPROVED
     AREAS
                                                                CLOSET? AREAS
       Lake*

1-s.lveston Bay

Bastrop, Cedar
'->. Christmas  P"yn

Matagorda Bay

"arancahua Bay

Vrer; Palaeior, Bay

Lavaca Bay

Zspiritu Santo
 Bay

.'•m Antonio  Pay

Mesquite Bay

Copano, Minsion,
;Jt. Charles  and
•Je.T%

^'Includes portion in  Louisiana
                                             1.2;'
                                                                    19.1/i

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                                               349
        THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT TEXAS WITH AN





EXPANDING INDUSTRIAL CAPABILITY WHICH WILL BE




REFLECTED IN THE FUTURE BY AN EVER INCREASING




POPULATION ALONG THE TEXAS COAST LINE WILL NEED




TO MAINTAIN AND MANAGE HER ESTUARINE AREAS WITH





CARE AND DILIGENCE.




        THE TEXAS STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH




BASED ON PAST EXPERIENCE AND CURRENT OPERATING




PROGRAMS IS OF THE OPINION THAT THE PUBLIC HEALTH




RESPONSIBILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH ESTUARINE AREAS




CAN BE AND ARE BEING MET.  IT IS ALSO FELT THAT




IN ORDER TO PROVIDE FOR OPTIMUM ESTUARY DEVELOP-




MENT, A STATE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM UTILIZING THE




COORDINATED ACTIVITIES OF ALL INTERESTED STATE




AGENCIES PROVIDES THE BEST APPROACH AND HAS THE




GREATEST CHANCE FOR SUCCESS.










        LETTER FROM TEXAS CONSERVATION COUNCIL,




INC., 11909 KNIPPWOOD LANE, HOUSTON,  TEXAS 77024,




BY L. N. DEXTER, BOARD CHAIRMAN:




        AT THE FEDERAL HEARING HELD IN GALVESTON





ON OCTOBER 8TH, WE HEARD SOME IMPRESSIVE STATIS-

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                                                350
TICS GIVEN BY STATE AGENCIES TO SHOW THAT THE




HOUSTON AREA IS MAKING HEADWAY AGAINST WATER




POLLUTION.  THE TESTIMONY SOUNDED VERY CONVINC-




ING - AT LEAST TO THE LAYMAN - BUT THE SHIP





CHANNEL WATER DOESN'T SEEM TO BE ANY LESS




POLLUTED AND DR. WATER QUEBEDEAUX, HARRIS COUNTY




POLLUTION CONTROL DIRECTOR, HAS BEEN QUOTED AS




SAYING THAT IT ISN'T GETTING ANY BETTER.  A




FISH KILL OF AN ESTIMATED 30,000 FISH IN THE





MORGAN'S POINT AREA IN SEPTEMBER WAS BLAMED ON A




HEAVY RAIN THAT WASHED POLLUTED WATERS INTO THE




BAY FROM THE HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL.  THIS DOESN'T




INDICATE IMPROVEMENT.




        WE FEEL THAT THE RECREATIONAL VALUES OF




OUR STREAMS AND ESTUARINE AREAS SHOULD BE GIVEN




MORE CONSIDERATION THAN THEY APPEAR TO BE RECEIV-




ING.  THESE VALUES ARE NOT OFTEN EXPRESSED IN




TERMS OF DOLLARS AND CENTS, BUT THE BUREAU OF




BUSINESS RESEARCH OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS





MADE SUCH A STUDY IN 1958.  IN A REPORT ENTITLED




"THE MARINE RESOURCES OF THE CORPUS CHRISTI




AREA," IT PLACED A YEARLY VALUE OF $150 ON EACH

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                                                351
ACRE OF BAY.  NOW, TEN YEARS LATER, THE RECREA-




TIONAL VALUE OF THIS BAY COULD EASILY BE SEVERAL




TIMES THIS AMOUNT AND FOR GALVESTON AND TRINITY




BAYS IT WOULD BE MUCH HIGHER BECAUSE THESE BAYS




ARE SURROUNDED BY ONE OF THE LARGER URBAN CEN-





TERS OF THE NATION.  WE BELIEVE THE RECREATIONAL




VALUE COULD RUN INTO THE BILLIONS YET POLLUTERS




ARE RAPIDLY DESTROYING THIS TREMENDOUS NATURAL




RESOURCE.




        THESE BAYS ARE OF GREAT VALUE ALSO FOR




THEIR AQUATIC LIFE - THE FISH, THE SHRIMP AND




THE OYSTERS - ALL OF WHICH ARE DEPENDENT ON




THE ESTUARINE AREAS DURING AT LEAST A PART OF




THEIR LIVES.  IT IS PROBABLY UNNECESSARY FOR US




TO REVIEW THE VALUES OF THE BAYS TO COMMERCIAL




FISHERMEN SINCE THEY HAVE UNDOUBTEDLY BEEN RE-




PORTED TO YOU BUT PERHAPS WE SHOULD MENTION THAT




THE FOOD GROWN IN OUR BAYS AND ESTUARIES SUSTAINS




OUR LARGE BIRD POPULATION.  THE ROSEATE SPOON-




BILLS, WHICH WERE APPROACHING EXTINCTION SOME





YEARS AGO, ARE NOW MORE ABUNDANT IN THE GALVESTON-




TRINITY BAY AREA THAN ANYWHERE ELSE IN THE NATION,

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                                               352
OUR RARE WHOOPING CRANES, WHICH ARE A GREAT





TOURIST ATTRACTION, DEPEND FOR SURVIVAL ON FAVOR-




ABLE FEEDING CONDITIONS  IN THE BAYS NEAR THEIR




WINTER SANCTUARY ON THE ARANSAS WILDLIFE REFUGE




YET THE TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE COMMISSION HAS





GRANTED PERMITS FOR SHELL DREDGING THAT WILL




SILT UP AND OTHERWISE DAMAGE THEIR FEEDING




AREAS.




        WE RECEIVE COPIES OF PERMIT APPLICATIONS




FOR VARIOUS BAY PROJECTS FROM THE CORPS OF




ENGINEERS, GALVESTON DISTRICT.  WE REALIZE THAT





THERE IS A PRESSING NEED FOR BULKHEADS, WHARVES,




PIPELINES, DRILLING PLATFORMS ETC.  WHILE MOST




SINGLE REQUESTS ARE MINOR, THE SUM TOTAL IS




STAGGERING.  THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT IS TO DESTROY




OUR SHALLOW WATER AREAS AND POLLUTE WHAT REMAINS




OF OUR BAYS.




        SOME REMEDY MUST BE FOUND.  AGAIN AND




AGAIN AT THE HEARING WE HEARD OUR STATE AGENCIES




SAY THEY COULD AND THEY WOULD CLEAR UP POLLUTION




WITHOUT FEDERAL HELP BUT WE FEEL THAT THIS IS





WISHFUL THINKING AND THAT WE CANNOT DEPEND ON

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                                               353
THE STATE LEGISLATURE TO PROVIDE THE LAWS




NECESSARY TO ADEQUATELY CONTROL POLLUTION.





THE LAST LEGISLATURE HAD AN EXCELLENT OPPOR-




TUNITY TO PASS THE REX BRAUN BILLS FOR ENFORCING




ANTI-POLLUTION LAWS BY PERMITTING SUITS AGAINST




INDUSTRIAL CORPORATIONS.  SIMILAR BILLS WERE




ALSO PRESENTED IN PREVIOUS YEARS BY CONGRESSMAN




BOB ECKHARDT WHEN HE WAS A STATE REPRESENTATIVE




FROM HARRIS COUNTY.  ALL SUCH BILLS WERE DEFEATED





BY SPECIAL INTERESTS.  WE SEE LITTLE HOPE OF




IMPROVEMENT WITHOUT FEDERAL PRESSURE AND WE URGE





THAT YOU APPLY THAT PRESSURE.










                            (END)

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                           JOHN CONNALLY
                            GOVERNOR OF TEXAS

                            October 17, 1968
Mr. Joe G. Moore, Jr.
Commissioner
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
U.S. Department of the Interior
Washington, D.C. 20242

Dear Joe:

          I am pleased that the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
has sponsored, with the cooperation of the Texas Water Quality Board, a number
of local hearings along the Texas Coast in connection with the National
Estuarine Pollution Study of the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966.

          As you know, the State of Texas has been active in the implementation
of various techniques and planning efforts to foster full utilization of its
rich coastal resources.  The Galveston Bay Work Plan is a Texas initiated pro-
gram to determine and develop the management techniques to allow the optimum
development of the great assets of Galveston Bay to its fullest economic end
conservation potential.  This study is envisioned as a pilot effort for a
Statewide survey of the entire Texas Gulf Coast.

          Additionally, under the authority granted to me in H.B. 276, Acts of
the 59th Legislature, Regular Session,  I have created a Natural Resources
Council of those State agencies having the major responsibilities in this araa
of interest.  The Council was instituted to coordinate the long-range planning
efforts and field operations of its member governmental jurisdictions.  The
Natural Resources Council has created and directed a Coastal Study Committee
to develop the guidelines for an initial study design plan of the bays and estu-
aries of Texas.

          To provide you with a documentation of these efforts I am submitting
the following statement for the record of the hearings just held along the
Texas Coast.

          With kindest regards.

                                             Sincerely,

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                   STATEMENT OF GOVERNOR JOHN CONNALLY
                            GOVERNOR OF TEXAS
               NATIONAL ESTUARINE POLLUTION STUDY HEARINGS
          Texas alone among the 37 states which have been added to the Union
was a truly independent nation before its annexation.  The Republic of Texas
did not cede to the Union the ownership of the land and minerals within its
boundaries, but specifically retained this ownership under the terms of the
agreement between the Republic and the United States.

          This fact of Texas independence places the State in an extraordinary
position so far as its jurisdiction to submerged lands in the Gulf of Mexico
is concerned.  The State has a unique heritage in that the bays and estuaries
of the Texas Gulf Coast are the property of the people of Texas, held in trust
for them by the State.  This trust carries with it a responsibility to assure
optimum development and use of these great natural assets.

          The Texas coastal bay systems are rich in natural resources and are
rapidly being developed for industrial, residential, navigational, fishing,
and recreational purposes.  Although the bays and estuaries of the Texas coast
are of precious economic and cultural value to the State, our knowledge of
their precise physical and quality characteristics and of their behavior under
varying conditions to which they are subjected is incomplete.  The boundaries
of our knowledge must be expanded as we improve the ability of Texas to main-
tain continuing jurisdiction and supervision over this great asset of our
natural and political heritage.

          The recently Texas-initiated broad-based study of the Galveston Bay
System is a significant step towards solving the questions of the effect on
the Coastal areas of land use development, water pollution, and upstream con-
struction of reservoirs.  The techniques used and results of this study should
serve as a guide for similar State studies of the remaining bays and estuaries
of the Texas Coast.

          Only recently have basic data needs been fully realized, and many
years of intensive study will be required to assimilate such data necessary
for sound planning for the continued preservation and maintenance of our
coastal system.  The State of Texas has accepted this responsibility and intends
that its State agencies have available the basic data required for efficient
execution of their assigned functions in assuring Texas determination of coastal
development.

          The 59th Legislature, to foster the coordination of agency activities
at all levels of operation, designated the Governor as the Chief Planning Officer
of the State and established a Division of Planning Coordination within the

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Governor's Office.  The Bill, H.B. 276, also provided for the creation of
interagency planning councils composed of the administrative heads of the
participating agencies in functional areas of State responsibility.

          I have since created the Natural Resources Council to give atten-
tion to the interagency coordination necessary for unified development of
Texas water, parks, and environmental quality programs.  Underlying these
actions was my conviction that Texas State government must continue its
primary responsibility for the protection and development of our natural
resources.

          With this perspective, the Natural Resources Council has recognized
the desirability of meshing together the long-range planning efforts and the
field operations of the various State agencies in regards to their activities
along the Gulf Coast.  The Council has created a Coastal Study Committee
whose purpose is to recommend the policy and standards for a multi-disciplinary
survey of the Texas Coast as a prelude to new coordination in State efforts
directed toward the development of these rich coastal assets and resources.

          This initial survey will be the first of three steps evolved in the
development of the tools needed for the proper management of each estuarine
complex.  Data will be defined as that needed by State agencies for efficient
execution of their assigned functions and also that which is neither available
nor being presently collected.  The completed study will suggest in order of
priority the projects and/or programs related to the Texas Coast that appear
justified for increased economic and conservation development or for correction
of present or overlapping problems.

          We believe these State actions to be consistent with the goals set
by Congress in its consideration of the present status.  In H.R. 25, recently
signed by the President, Congress declared that it is its policy to preserve
the responsibilities of the States in protecting, conserving, and restoring
the estuaries of the nation.

          Congress stipulated in H.R. 25 that the Governor must approve any
project undertaken at the local, state, or federal level under the Act's author-
ization.  This is in accord with our views for Texas intends to maintain and
perpetuate its State responsibility in the determination of how any of its
coastal areas and resources are developed.

          Texas has been fortunate in being endowed with a truly magnificient
coastal system.  The extensive natural composition of our bays and estuaries
have been a source of pride, pleasure, and economic support to many of our
people.  The Gulf Coast of the State, stretching hundreds of miles from Galveston
Bay to the north to the Laguna Madre to the south, encompasses a rich natural
resource which, if developed properly, would be able to support a prosperous
economy while still retaining its great conservation assets.  Towards this goal
we shall constantly strive.

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                                               October  24,  1968
Mr. Wm, C. Galegar, Regional Director
South Central District
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
1402 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas  75202
                                      STATEMENT FOR ESTUARY HEARING
                                      HELD OCTOBER 8, 1968
                                      AT GALVESTON, TEXAS
Dear Sir:
I attended the above hearing, having requested earlier in the year, at
Mr. Eugene Jensen's suggestion, to be notified of it.  I hope this
letter and attached material will arrive at your office in time to
become part of the record of that hearing.

Attachment A to this letter is a xerox copy of material I sent to
Mr. Udall in June, 1967.  I believe it is self-explanatory (see
statements included) and it expresses my view with regard to Questions 1
and 2 of your very helpful guideline.

Attachment B calls attention to a special threat to Galveston Bay --
spoil dumping and subsequent transformation of the reclaimed area to
industrial use.  I believe state law entitles the State to sell land,
created on its submerged lands by spoil dumping, for industrial use only
for one dollar per acre, to private buyers.  To a large extent, I believe,
the back bays of the Galveston Bay 'system have been filled and much of
this land is now in the ownership of private industrial corporations as
well as the Navigation District.  I believe further transformations of
this nature in Galveston Bay will be very much against the public interest.
I urge the Federal Government to move quickly to:

       1.  Prohibit further spoil dumping in Galveston Bay between
           Morgan's Point and Texas City.

       2.  Forbid and prohibit any development on Atkinson Island
           (the north end is not spoil and is privately owned but
           the remaining 3 or 4 miles is spoil) and make it a permanent
           natural area.

My reasons for feeling this should be done for the best use of Galveston
Bay are stated in Attachment B.
                                         Adair Sullivan
                                         1520 Roscoe St.
                                         LaPorte, Texas  77571

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ATTACHMENT A

1.  Uppermost Galveston Bay and its shores are worth, more for their recreational
    and ecologic value than as convenient waste receptacles for municipalities
    and industries.

2.  Although uppermost Galveston Bay is being destroyed by pollution, it is
    daily the more eagerly sought for recreational use as the population in
    this area increases.

3.  The preceding pages (A series of photographs not included here) are an
    attempt to intimate (and can but feebly intimate so great a need) the
    need that the people of Houston and Harris County have for uppermost
    Galveston Bay as a clean, open bay for fishing, swimming, boating and
    enjoyment of salt air and open space.

4.  There is pressure to change these shores to industrial plant use and to
    declare these waters unfit for recreational use.  The latter, of course,
    would almost certainly result in the former.

5.  The Texas Water Pollution Control Board has been in existence six years
    and Galveston Bay has become more polluted every year.  Studies are made
    and more studies but they seem to be more an excuse to postpone pollution
    control action than a sincere effort to reserve this greatly needed body
    of water for its recreational role.

6.  From Morgan's Point to Red Bluff (uppermost Galveston Bay) there is no
    industrial development on the shores.  The land use is: public shell
    beach at Morgan's Point, homes, Boys Harbor (home for needy boys maintained
    by service clubs, more homes, Seabreeze Sailing Center (semi-private
    boating club), Happy Harbor (methodist home for old people), St. Mary's
    Catholic Church, Sylvan Beach County Park, homes, Houston Yacht Club,
    Bayport Canal, Red Bluff.

7.  The properties on uppermost Galveston Bay are established.  The real estate
    is for the most part paid for, hence, there will be no influential real
    estate developer to defend this area as there will be in the lower Galveston
    Bay and West Bay areas that are presently being developed for resort homes
    and still have interest to be paid on them.  And yet this area is more
    vital to the welfare of the population of this area than any I know.

8.  If uppermost Galveston Bay is not preserved for the recreational use of the
    increasingly congested area it will be a mistake.  If this bay and these
    shores are changed from their present use to industrial use, it will not
    be progress -- economic or any other kind -- it will be a new low in
    judging human needs and in providing for them.

9.  I am one of the lucky Americans who still lives in the area I was born
    and raised in.  If my home must someday no longer be mine for some public
    good, I will be able to understand its going for a park, some other children,
    some other people will enjoy the Bay as I did, but I will never believe
    that changing these shores to house a petrochemical plant or a refinery
    will benefit the public more than saving these shores and this bay for
    ecological participation forever more and the joy it can give to men while
    they last.

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10.  The State of Texas seems not to be protecting its bays for its citizens
     effectively.  I ask that the Federal Government do everything it can.

11.  The spoil islands shown here harbor many waterfowl and shorebirds.
     Further, I believe marshes could be developed on their perimeters that
     might help to replace the marshes lost on shores developed and bulk-
     headed.  I suggest that Atkinson Island be made some kind inviolable bird
     sanctuary.  I am aware that the Harris County Houston Ship Channel Navigation
     District has other plans.  I believe the birds and the people need it more.
     Besides, a bird sanctuary does little polluting as compared to industrial
     plants.

12.  If more fill is deposited in uppermost Galveston Bay the temptation to use
     the reclaimed land for industrial plants will be great.  The fill will
     destroy this small bay.  I ask your help in this matter, too.

13.  The speed with which the barbecue is progressing is frightening.

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ATTACHMENT B
     SPOIL DUMPING IN GALVESTON BAY, originating with navigation district
projects, is a threat that is almost unknown to the public although pollution
and dredging of the live oyster reefs have at last met with some opposition.
If spoil dumping plans of the navigation districts are not changed, Galveston
Bay will be destroyed by this damage even if the many other threats are
overcome.  USC&GS Chart 519 shows extensive spoil dump areas planned that
will divide Galveston Bay from Trinity Bay.  Dumps across the south end of
the Bay are planned which will probably result in greatly curtailing exchange
of water between the Gulf and the bays and between the bays themselves.  At
the time these spoil areas are completed, flow from the Trinity and San Jacinto
Rivers into Galveston Bay will have been diminished by completion of the
Livingston and Conroe dams on these rivers.  (Liquid supply for Galveston Bay
may then depend largely on effluent from sewage plants and industrial works,
it seems.)  In the north end of Galveston Bay (Chart 588) large spoil areas
are planned which will bury present nesting islands along Cedar Bayou Channel
and fill in the bay between this channel and the mainland.  An example of
this extensive diking and filling lies immediately west of this area where
San Jacinto Bay is now nothing but an oily dead end and Black Duck Bay has
been so completely filled that it no longer appears on the Chart (1282).  Not
long ago these were beautiful back bays inhabited by fish, shrimp and crabs.

     ATKINSON ISLAND was created when the Houston Ship Channel was constructed;
it was a little piece cut off of Morgan's Point when the Channel cut across
the Point and had a small tail added at the south end by spoil dump.  The tail
now wags the island for five miles down into the bay and it is this tail that
will eventually separate Galveston from Trinity Bay.  As this spill island
grew, it cut off the view of Texas' largest bay from its most highly populated
shore; it partially enclosed by its extension the section of bay between
Morgan's Point and Red Bluff, and directed the horrendously increasing flow
of sewage and industrial waste from the Houston Ship Channel into this small
scallop bay that it had enclosed.  Erosion difficulties were created on the
west mainland shore and other damages which the public has docilely accepted
since it might as well, but these losses and others will be repeated so many
times if navigation project spoil areas are realized, that Galveston Bay
will probably cease to function.  ATKINSON ISLAND has some silver linings
in spite of its damaging effects.  It should not be added to nor developed.
It is valuable for these reasons:

       1.  Since Atkinson is undeveloped there is no necessity to
           bulkhead it (at least not on the off-channel side).  Natural
           beaches and marsh have been lost from the mainland shores
           of Galveston Bay as it is increasingly developed.  The loss
           is serious and will increase.  Exactly the same kind of
           natural beach, marsh and tidal flat area, however, that is
           disappearing from the mainland shore is coming into existence
           on this spoil island.  Probably it is due to this significant
           re-creation of natural beach and marsh that we have retained
           as much marine life in Galveston Bay as we have retained.

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       2.  This island is now wild.  In this state it creates very  little
           pollution.  If it were emitting air and water pollutants,  the
           value of the wind over the bay as a clearing agent for the
           mainland would be lost.  In fact, the wind from the water would
           become dangerous.

       3.  The value of keeping the Bay an open space in the center of a
           congested population seems to need no explanation.  If this
           island down the middle of this bay were developed, this value
           would no longer exist.

       4.  In the past five years Atkinson Island has increasingly attracted
           shorebirds, both for nesting and summering.  A list of birds
           habitually seen on this island from May to November follows:

                      1.  White pelican
                      2.  Great Blue Heron
                      3.  Common Egret
                      4.  Snowy Egret
                      5.  Roseate Spoonbill
                      6.  Black Crowned Night Heron
                      7o  La. Heron, Little Blue, or Reddish Egret
                      8.  American Bittern
                      9.  Wood Ibis
                     10.  Black Skimmer (nesting)
                     11.  Gulls (nesting)
                     12.  Terns
                     13.  American Avocet
                     14.  Black Necked Stilt
                     15.  Sandpiper
                     16.  Redwinged Blackbird
                     17.  Hawk (can't identify kind, nesting)
                     18.  Brown speckled bird,  long bill turned up
                     19.    "      "      "     "     "    "    down

       Glossy ibis and cattle egret along with some wading birds I don't know
are to be seen on nearby mainland.  Armadilloes and rabbits are plentiful on
Atkinson Island.  There is a variety of grasses, shrubs, trees, and flowers.
Hackberry, toothache and tallow grow fairly tall.  Possibly live oak mottes
could be formed, certainly liveoaks would survive.  The grasses are prairie
as well as salt.  Typically Texas plants seem to gravitate to this place;
mesquite, prickly pear, cena, cow myrtle and blue gentian (which is rare with
us now) among others.  Ducks and geese, of course, stop here and on April 2,
1967, I counted two-thousand and forty-nine white pelicans as they flew over
a certain spot in single file on Atkinson Island.  Around six hundred white
pelicans, I believe, remain here all summer.

       As this island grows larger and solider, the temptation to take it for
industrial, commercial or municipal use increases.  Already, a sewage plant
has been suggested for its northern end.

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                    "X
                  tr     /o           ./      p       ,n  q
                  'fcn  Uonseryotioa  LxOunol,  Jnc.
                                                11909 Knippwood Lane
                                                Houston, Texas 77024
                                                October 21,  1968

Mr. William D. Gallagher, Director
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
1402 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75202
                                        For Record of Federal Hearing
                                        held in Galveston,  Texas,  on
                                        October 8, 1968
Dear Mr. Gallagher:

At the federal hearing held in Galveston on October 8th, we heard  some
impressive statistics given by state agencies to show that  the Houston
area is making headway against water pollution.  The testimony sounded
vary convincing - at least to the layman - but  the Ship Channel  water
doesn't seem to be any less polluted and Dr. Walter Quebedeaux,  Harris
County Pollution Control Director, has been quoted as saying that  it
isn't getting any better.  A fish kill of an estimated 30,000 fish in
the Morgan's Point area in September was blamed on a heavy  rain  that
washed polluted waters into the bay from the Houston Ship Channel.
This doesn't indicate improvement.

We feel thr.r. the recreational values of our streams and estuarine  areas
should be given more consideration than they appear to be receiving.
These va^u^s are not often expressed in terms of dollars and cents,  but
the Bureau of Business Research of the University of Texas  made  such a
study in 1958.  In a report entitled "The Marine Resources  of the  Corpus
Christi Area," it placed a yearly value of $150 on each acre of  bey.
Now, ten years later, the recreational value of this bay could easily be
several times this amount and for Galveston and Trinity Bays it  would be
much higher because these bays are surrounded by one of the larger urban
centers of the nation.  We believe the recreational value could  run  into
the billions yet polluters are rapidly destroying this tremendous  natural
resource.

These bays are of great value also for their aquatic life .'the  fish, the
shrimp and the oysters - all of which are dependent on  the  estuerine areas
during at least a part of their lives.  It is probably unnecessary for
us to review the values of the bays to commercial fishermen since  they
have undoubtedly been reported to you but perhaps we should mention that
the food grown in our bays and estuaries sustains our large bird popula-
tion.  The roscateppoonbills, which were approaching extinction  some years
ago^are now rcors abundant in the Galveston- Trinity Bay area th?.n  anywhere
             . PPfSlDtN'
L ') P (FtP. VICE PRF.bU'LMI
.','?-> A v EMMOTI. ScCRETARY
'.IKS Jfssf |,A-. il' TREA^'h'.'lR
MRS L N DEXIFR. EDITOR
OR RICHARD O ALBERT, ALICE
CASH AbHEP, CORPUS CHRIST!
OR 3'
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else in the nation.  Our rare whooping cranes, which are a great tourist
attraction, depend for survival on favorable feeding conditions in the
bays near their winter sanctuary on the Aransas Wildlife Refuge yet the
Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission has granted permits for shell  dredging
that will silt up and otherwise damage their feeding areas.

We receive copies of permit applications for various bay projects  from the
Corps of Engineers, Galveston District.  We realize that there is  a pressing
need for bulkheads, wharves, pipelines, drilling platforms etc. While most
single requests are minor, the sum total is staggering.  The cumulative
effect is to destroy our shallow water areas and pollute what remains of
our bays.

Some remedy must be found.  Again and again at the Hearing we heard our
state agencies say they could and they would clear up pollution wi thout
federal help but we feel that this is wishful thinking and that we cannot
depend on the State Legislature to provide the laws necessary to adequately
control pollution.  The last Legislature had an excellent opportunity to
pass the Rex Braun bills for enforcing anti-pollution laws by permitting
suits against industrial corporations.  Similar bills were also presented
in previous years by Congressman Bob Eckhardt when he was a state  repre-
sentative from Harris County.  All such bills were defeated by special in-
terests.  We see little hops of improvement without federal pressure and
we urge that you apply that pressure.

                                                Sincerely,
                                                L.N. Dexter,  Board Chairman

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