905R81116
HEALTH EFFECTS ^WJAL OF APPENDIX VII & APPENDIX VIII SUBSTANCES
PER
40 CFR PART 261 SUBPART D
PREPARED BY
PROCESS EVALUATION UNIT ( PEU )
TECHNICAL PROGRAMS & COMPLIANCE SECTION
WASTE MANAGEMENT BRANCH
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION V
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905R81116
HEALTH EFFECTS fWWAL OF APPENDIX VII & APPENDIX VIII SUBSTNCES
CFR PART 20. SUBPART D
PREPARED BY
PROCESS EVALUATION UNIT ( PBJ )
TECHNICAL PROGRAMS & COMPLIANCE SECTION
WASTE MANAGEMENT BRANCH
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION V
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF APPENDIX VII AND APPENDIX VIII SUBSTANCES
HEALTH EFFECTS LISTINGS
APPENDIX I
REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION
This manual represents a compilation of information gathered from
various sources and deals with the health effects and toxicological
properties of the substances listed in Appendix VII and Appendix VIII,
40 CFR, Part 261, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). As stated
in the May 19, 1980 Federal Register, Appendix VII identifies those
(waste) constituents which resulted in a waste stream being listed as an
IP (extraction procedure) toxic waste or as a toxic (T) waste in the lists
of hazardous wastes from specific and non-specific sources. The substances
in Appendix VIII are those materials which have been shown in reputable
scientific studies to have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic
effects on humans or other life forms.
The data for each entry was presented under seven headings: SYNONYM,
STRUCTURE, USE/OCCURRENCE, HEALTH EFFECTS, TOXICITY DATA, and TLV
(threshold limit value). Publications used for the SYNONYM and STRUCTURE
included the Kerck Index (Stecher, 19S8 and 1976), the Farm Chemicals
Handbook (Berg, 1976), and EPA document 540/9-75-011 dealing wjth
pesticide labeling (USEPA, 1975). The main sources of information for
the USE/OCCURRENCE section were the USEPA Backround Documents for
Subtitle C, RCRA (USEPA, 1980), Suspended and Cancelled Pesticides
(USEPA, 1979), and Occupational Diseases (Key, 1977). The HEALTH
EFFECTS section was compiled using the USEPA Backround Documents (USEPA,
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1980), the NIOSH publication fay Key (Key, 1977), the NIOSH registry
document (Lewis, 1879), Toxicology ( Casarett and Doull, 1975), and the
Sax book (Sax, 1979) which also provided information on thermal decomposition
products. A chemical was listed as a carcinogen if it was so determined fay
CAG (USEPA Carcinogen assessment Group), or if not evaluated by CAG, then
identified as being carcinogenic by IARC (the International Agency for
Research on Cancer, World Health Organization), or by NCI (National Cancer
Institute). Where no determination had been made, a substance was labeled
an experimental carcinogen, mutagen, etc., in this manual if positive
animal studies were cited in the NIOSH registry document (Lewis, 1979).
The TOXICITY DATA section was developed from the MIOSH registry book
(Lewis, 1979). As an aid to the interpretation of this information, a
toxicity rating system has been included in Appendix I (MDNR, 1980).
This table can be used to obtain the relative acute toxicity of any listed
chemical. It should also be kept in mind that USEPA has defined as
acutely hazardous those (waste) substances which have been shown to be
fatal to humans in low doses or have been shown irr mammalian studies to
have • an oral LD50 of less than 50 mg/kg in rat, an inhalation LC50
of less than 2000 mg/m3 in rat, or a dermal LD50 of less than 200 mg/kg
in rabbit ( 4-3-CFR, May, 19, 1930, RCRA).
The reader ia encouraged to consult the Definitions page for the
meanings of unfamilar abbreviations or words encountered within the text
of this report.
**f OUl 1981
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DEFINITIONS
CNS * central nervous system
dermal * relating to the skin
DOT * US Department of Transportation
SI • gastrointestinal
L050 * Lethal Dose 50; the dose of a substance which leads to the death
of 502 of the animals in a test population. (Lewis, 1979)
LC « Lethal Concentration (via inhalation)
LCLo » Lethal Concentration Low; the lowest concentration of a substance
in air which has been reported to have caused death in humans or
animals (Lewis, 1979)
mutagen * a compound which induces alterations in the genetic material
(DNA) of an organism (Loomis, 1973)
neoplastic * tumor-forming
TC * toxic concentration
teratogen * a substance which, when administered to a pregnant female,
results in malfbrraed offspring (i.e., birth defects)
TLV » Threshold Limit Value, the airborne concentration of a
material to which a worker cab be exposed day after day without
adverse effect (ACGIH, 1980)
TLV/TWA - TLV/Time Weighted Average, the time weighted average ~"
concentration for a normal 8-hour workday or 40-hour
work week to which nearly all workers may be exposed re-
peatedly without adverse effect (ACGIH, 1980)
TLV/C » TLY/Ceiling, the exposure concentration of a material that
should not be exceeded even instantaneously (ACGIH, 1980)
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Alphabetical Listing of Appendix VII and Appendix VIII Chemicals
ACENAPHTHTHENE *
ACETALDEHYDE
ACETONITRILE **
3-(alpha-ACETONYLBENZYL)-4-HYDROXYCOUMARIN and salts
2- ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE
ACETYL CHLORIDE
l-ACETYL-2-THIOUREA
ACROLEIN
ACRYLAMIDE **
ACRYLONITRILE **
AFLATOXINS
ALDRIN
ALLYL ALCOHOL
ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE
4-AMINOBIPHENYL
5-(AMINOMETHYL)-3-ISOXAZOLOL
4-AMINOPYRIDINE
AMITROLE
ANILINE **
ANTIMONY and compounds, N.O.S. **
ARAMITE
ARSENIC and compounds, N.O.S. **
ARSENIC ACID
ARSENIC PENTOXIDE
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE
AURAMINE
AZASERINE
BARIUM and compounds, N.O.S.
BARIUM CYANIDE
BENZ(c)ACRIDINE
BENZ(a)ANTHRACENE **
BENZENE **
BENZENEARSONIC ACID
BENZENETHIOL
BENZIDINE
BENZO(a)ANTHRACENE
BENZO(b)FLUORANTHENE **
BENZO(j)FLUORANTHENE
BENZO(a)PYRENE **
BENZOQUINONE
BENZOTRICHLORIDE **
BENZYL CHLORIDE **
BERYLLIUM and compounds, N.O.S.
BIS(2-CHLOROETHOXY)METHANE
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)ETHER **
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N,N-BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)-2-NAPHTHYLAMINE
BIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL)ETHER
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER **
BIS (2-ETHY.LHEXYL) PHTHALATE
BROMOACETONE
BROMOFORM
BROMOMETHANE
4-BROMOPHENYL-PHENYL ETHER
BRUCINE
2-BUTANONE PEROXIDE
BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
2-sec-8UTYL-4,6-OINITROPHENOL(DNBP)
CADMIUM and compounds, N.O.S. **
CALCIUM CHROMATE
CALCIUM CYANIDE
CARBON DISULFIDE **
CARBON TKRACHLCRIDE *
CHLORAMBUCIL
CHLORDANE **
CHLORINATED BENZENES, N.O.S.
CHLORINATED ETHANE, N.O.S.
CHLORINATED FLUOROCARBONS *
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS
CHLORINATED NAPHTHALENE, N.O.S.
CHLORINATED PHENOL, N.O.S.
CHLOROACETALDEHYOE **
CHLOROALKYL ETHERS **
p-CHLOROANILINE
CHLOROBENZENE
CHLOROBENZILATE
l-(p-CHLOROBENZOYL)-5-METHOXY-2-METHYLINDOLE-3-ACETTC ACID
p-CHLORO-m-CRESOL **
l-CHLORO-2,3-EpeXYBLTANE
2-CHLOROETHYL VINYL ETHER
CHLOROFORM
CHLOROMETHANE
CHLOROMSTHYL METHYL ETHER
2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE
2-CHLOROPHENOL **
1-(0-CHLQROPHENYL}THIOUREA
3-CHLOROPROPIONITRILE
alpha-CHLOROTOLUENE
CHROMIUM, HEXAVALENT **
CHRYSENE **
CITRUS RED NO. 2
COAL TARS
COPPER CYANIDE
CREOSOTE **
CRESOL **
CRESYLIC ACID **
CROTONALDEHYDE
CYANIDES and CYANIDE SALTS **
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CYANIDE, COMPLEXED **
CYANOGEN
CYANOGEN BROMIDE
CYANOGEN CHLORIDE
CYCASIN
2-aCLOHEXYL-4,6-OINITROPHENOL
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
DAUNOMYCIN '
ODD
DDE
DDT
DIALLATE
DIBENZ(a,h)ACRIDINE
DIBEMZ(a,J)ACRIDINE
DIBENZ(a,h)ANTHRACENE **
7H-QIBENZO(c,g)CARBAZOLE
DIBENZO(a,e)PYRENE
DIBENZO(a,h)PYRENE
DIBENZO(a,j)PYRENE
1.2-OIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE
1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
DIBROMOMETHANE
DI-n-BUTYL PHTHALATE
DICHLOROBENZENE, N.O.S. **
1,2-QICHLOROBENZENE (ortho-OICHLOROBENZENE) *
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE *
3,3'-OICHLOROBENZIDINE
1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
1,2-QICHLOROETJANE **
DICHLOROETHYLENE, N.O.S. **
1,1-OICHLOROETHYLENE **
1,2-BICHLORCETHYLENE
trans-1,2-OICHLOROETHYLENE
DICHLOROMETHANE
2,4-OICHLOROPHENOL ** —
2,6-OICHLOROPHENOL **
2,4-OICHLOROPHENOXYACEnC ACID (2,4-0)
DICHLOROPHENYLARSINE
DICHLOROPROPANE
1,2-OICHLOROPROPANE
DICHLOROPROPANOL, N.O.S. **
DICHLOROPRGRENE, N.O.S.
1,3-OICHLOROPROPENE
DIELDRIN
DIEPOXYBUTANE
DIETHYLARSINE
o,o-OIETHYL-S-(2-ETHYLTHIO)ETHYL ESTER of PHOSPHOROTHIOTIC ACID
1,2-OIETHYLHYDRAZINE
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o.o-OIETHYLPHOSPHORIC ACID, o-p-NITROPHENYL ESTER
01ETHYL PHTHALATE
0,0-OIETHYL-o-(2-PYRAZINYL)PHOSPHOROTHIDATE
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL
DIHYDROSAFROLE
3,4-OIHYDROXY-alpha-(METHYLAMINO)-METHYL BENZYL ALCOHOL
DI-ISOPROPYLRUOROPHOSPHATE(DFP)
OIMETHOATE
DIMETHOXY8ENZIDINE
p-OIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE
7,12-DIMETHYLBENZIDINE
OIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE
1,1-OIMETHYLHYDRAZINE
1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE
3,3-OIMETHYL-l-(METHYLTHIO)-2-8UTAMDNE-0-(METHYLAMINO)CAR80NIC)OXIME
OIMETHYLNITRISAMINE
alpha, alpha-OIMETHYLPHENETHYLAMINE
2,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL **
DIMETHYL PHTHALATE
DIMETHYL SULFATE
DINITROBENZENE, N.O.S.
4,6-OINnTRO-o-pCRESOL and salts
2,4-OINITROPHENOL **
2,4-DINITROTOLUENE **
2,6-OINITROTOLUENE
DI-n-OCTYL PHTHANLATE
1,4-OIOXANE
DIPHENYLAMINE **
1,2-OIPHENYLHYDRAZINE
DI-n-PROPYLNITROSAMINE
DISULFOTON
2,4-OITHIOBIURET
ENDOSULFAN
ENDRIN and metabolites
EPICHLOROHYORIN **
ETHYL CARBAMATE
ETHYL CYANIDE
ETHYLENEBISOITHIOCARBAMATE CEBDC]
ETHYLENE DIAMINE
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE *
ETHYLENEIMINE
ETHYLENE OXIDE
ETHYLENETHIOUREA
ETHYL METHANESULFONATE
FLUORANTHENE **
FLUORINE
2-FLUCROACETAMIDE
FLUDRCACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
FORMALDEHYDE **
FORMIC ACID *
GLYCIDYLALOEHYOE
HALOMETHANE, N.O.S.
HEPTACHLOR **"
J
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HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE (d-,B-, and r-isomers)
HEXACHLOROBENZENE **
HEXACHLQROCYCLOHEXANE
HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE **
HEXACHLOROETHANE **
1,2,3,4,10.,10,-HEXCHLORO-l,4,4a,5,8,8a-HEXAHYDRO-l,4:5,8-ENDO,ENDO-
DIMETHANONAPNTHALENE
HEXACHLOROPHENE
HEXACHLOROPROPENE
HEXAETHYL TETRAPHOSPHATE
HYORAZINE
HYDROCYANIC ACID **
HYDROFLUORIC ACID
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
INDENO (1,2.,3-c,d)PYRENE **
IODOMETHANE
IRON DEXTRAN
ISOBUTANOL/ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL **
ISOCYANIC ACID, METHYL ESTER
ISOSAFROLE
KEPONEvLASIOCARPINE ' . ,
LEAD and compounds, N.O.S.**
LEAD ACETATE
LEAD, INORGANIC **
LEAD PHOSPHATE
LEAD SUBACETATE
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE **
MALONITRILE
MELPHALAN
MERCURY and compounds, N.O.S. **
MERCURY, ALKYL **
MERCURY, fWN-ALKYL **
METHAPYRILENE
METHOHYL
METHOXYCHLOR
METHYLAZIRIDINE
3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE
METHYL CLORIDE *
4,4f-METHYLENE-BIS-(2-CHLOROANILINE)
METHYLENE CHLORIDE *
METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK) **
METHYL HYDRAZINE
2-METHYLLACTONITBILE
METHYL METHACRYLATE
METHYL METHANESULFONATE
2-METHYL-2-(METHYLTHIO}PROP!ONALDEHYOE-o-(METHYLCARBONY) OXIME
N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE
METHYL PARATHION
METHYLTHIOURACIL
MITOMYCIN C
MONOCHLOROBENZENE *
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MUSTARD GAS
NAPHTHACENE **
1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE **
1-NAPHTHYLAMINE
2-NAPHTHYLAMINE
1 -NAPHTHYL-2-THIOUREA t»
NICKEL and compounds, N.O.S. ** ^
NICKEL CARBONYL
NICKEL CYANIDE .'
NICOTINE and salts
NITRIC OXIDE
p-NITROANILINE ^
NITROBENZENE ** "1
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN MUSTARD and hydrochloride salt
NITROGEN MUSTARD N-OXIDE and hydrochloride salt ;
NITROGEN PEROXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE J
NITROGLYCERINE H
4-NITROPHENOL
4-NITROQUINOLINE-l-OXIDE
NITROSAMINE, N.O.S.
N-NITRQSODI-N-8UTYLAMINE
N-NITROSOOIETHANOLAMINE
N-HITROSODIKETHYLAMINE
N-NITROSODIPHENYLAMINE
N-NITROSODI-N-PROPYLAMINE
N-NITROSO-N-ETHYLUREA
N-NITROSOMETHYLETHYLAMINE
N-NITROSO-N-METHYLUREA
N-NITROSO-N-METHYLURETHANE
N-NITROSOMETHYLUINYLAMINE
N-NITROSOMORPHOLINE
N-NITROSONORNICOTINE
N-NITROSOPIPERDINE
N-NITEOSOSARCOSINE
5-NITRO-o-TOLUIDINE
OCTAMETHYLPYROPHOSPHORAMIDE
OSMIUM TETROXIDE
OXBlCYCLO(2,21)HEPTANE-2,3-OICARBOXYLIC ACID
PARALDEHYDE *
PARATHION
PENTACHLOR08ENZENE **
PENTACHLOROETHANE
PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE (PCNB)
PENTACHLOROPHENOL **
PHENACETIN
PHENOL **
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PHENOUC COMPOUNDS *
PHENYLENE DIAMINE **
PHENYL OICHLOROARSINE
PHENYLMERCURY ACETATE
N-PHENYLTHIOUREA
PHORATE *
PHOSGENE
PHOSPHINE
PHOSPHORODITHIOTIC and PHOSPHOROTHIOTIC ACID ESTERS
PHOSPHOROTHIOTIC ACID, o.o-OIMETHYL ESTER, o-ESTER with
N.N-OIMETHYL BENZENE SULFONAMIDE
PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS, M.O.S.
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE **
2-PICOLINE **
POLYCHUWINATED BIPHENYL, N.O.S.
POTASSIUM CYANIDE
POTASSIUM SILVER CYANIDE
PRONAMIDE
1,3-PROPANE SULTONE
PROPIONITRILE
PROPYLTHIOURACIL
2-PROPYN-l-ol
PYRIDINE **
RESERPINE
RESORCINOL
SACCHARIN
SAFROLE
SELENIOUS ACID
SELENIUM and compounds, N.O.S.
SEUENIUM SULFIDE
SELENOUREA
SILVER and compounds, M.O.S.
SILVER CYANIDE
SODIUM CYANIDE
STREPTOZOTOCIN
STRONTIUM SULFIDE
STRYCHNINE and SALTS
TARS *
1,2,4,5- TETRACHLOROBENZENE
2,3,7,8- TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-OIOXIN (TCDD)
TETRACHLOROETHANE, N.O.S.
1,1,1,2- TETRACHLOROETHANE **
1,1,2,2- TETRACHLOROETHANE **
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE/TETRACHLOROETHENE **
TETRACHLOROPHENOLS *
TETRAETHYL DITHQPYROPHOS
TETRAETHYL LEAD **
TETRAETHYLPYROPHOSPHATE
TETRAMETHYL LEAD **
THALLIC OXIDE
THALLIUM and compounds, N.O.S.
THALLIUM(I) ACETATE
THALLIUM(I) CARBONATE
THALLIUM(I) CHLORIDE
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THALLIUM (I) NITRATE
THALLIUM SELENITE
THALLIUM (I) SULFATE
THIOACETAMTDE
THIOSEMICARBAZIDE
THIOUREA
THIURAM
TOLUENE **
TOLUENE - 2,4 - DIAMINE **
o-TOLUIDINE HYOROCHLORIDE
TOLYLENE DIISOCYANATE/TOLUENE OIISOCYANATE **
TOXAPHENE **
TRIBROMOMETHANE
TRICHLOROBENZENES *
1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
1,1,1,- TRICHLOROBETHANE **
1,1,2- TRICHLOROETHANE **
TRICHLOROETHYLENE/TRICHOLORETHNENE **
TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE *
TRICHLOROMETHANETHIOL
TRICHLOROPHENOLS *
2,4,5- TRICHLOROPHENOL
2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL
2,4,5-TRICHOLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID C2,4,5-T)
2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYPROPIONIC ACID (2,4,5-TP) (SILVEX)
TRICHLOROPROPANE, N.O.S.
1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE
1,1,2-TRICHLORO - 1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE *
TRIETHYL PHOSPHOROTHIDATE
TRINITROBENZENE
TRIS(1-AZRIDINYL)PHOSPHINE SULFIDE
TRIS (2',3-OIBROMOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE
TRYPAN BLUE
URACIL MUSTARD
UflgTHANE
/ANADIC ACID, AMMONIUM SALT
VANADIUM PENTOXIDE (dust)
VINYL CHLORIDE **
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE **
ZINC CYANIDE
ZINC PHOSPHIDE
* appears only in Appendix VII
** appears in both Appendix VII and Appendix VIII
All unasteriked entries appear only in Appendix VIII
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ACENAPHTHENE
peri-etylene naphthalene
3,8-acenaphthenylene
USE/OCCURRENCE
Dye intermediate, used fn manufacture of plastics, fungicide; insecticide?
derived from coal-tar
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A skin and mucous membrane irritant
2) May cause vomiting if ingested in large amounts
3) An experimental tumor-forming agent
TQXrCITY DATA
N.A.
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ACETAUEME
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
ethyl aldehyde CH3CHO
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate in industrial processes; found in
cigarette smoke and in automobile exhaust; a common air con-
taminant
HEALTH EFFECTS .. .
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT) ; safce DOT label
2) A.n irritant of the eyes, skin, upper respiratory passages,
and bronchi
3) Acute exposures may result in pulmonary edema and narcosis
4) Repeated skin contact may result in dermatitis
5) Chronic effects have not been reported
6) An experimental mutagen and a possible experimental teratogen
TOXICITY DATA-
1) Inhalation TCLo causing irritation in human »-134 ppm for
30 minutes
2) Oral LD50 in rat » 1930 mg/kg
3) 40 mgw a severe eye irritant in rabbit
4) 50 ppm for 15 minutes results in eye irritation in human
TLV/TWA » 130 mg/ra-
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ACEITJNITRILE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
methyl cyanide CH3 CN
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, extractant; used in a manufacture of plastics, synthetic
fibers, elastomers, and solvents; a component of cigarette smoke
HEALTH EFFECTS
1} FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT}; same DOT 1-afael
2) Absorbed via Inhalation, tngestion, and the skin
.3) Exposure may result 1n eye, nose and throat Irritation; and
chest tightness
4} Acute exposures may lead to nausea, respiratory depression, shock,
and possibly death (fatal poisoning via Inhalation has been reported
in exposed workers)
5) Acetonitril* and its subsequent metabolic release of cyanide may cause
disorders of the CNS, liver, kidneys, cardiovascular system, and the
SI tract, unlike the immediate on set of cyanide toxicity, nitrile
poisoning displays a delayed on^set of symptoms
6} An experimental teratogen
7] No chronic type disease has been reported in humans, although experimental
studies have reported the following symptons following repeated exposures:
bronchial inflammation; desquamatization, hyper swttion of mucus, liver
and kidney lesions, brain effects, reduction 1n body weight, poor
coordination, and blood cell effects
3} When heated to decompositian nitrites emit toxic fumes containing cyanides
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral TDLo in human producing CNS effects * 570 mg/kg
2) Oral L050 1n rat = 3800 mg/kg
3) Inhalation LCLo in rat * 3000 ppm for 4 hours
4} Dermal LDSO in rabbit » 1250 mg/kg
5). 20 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
5) 10 mg for 24 hours is a skfn irritant dose 1n rabbit
TLV/THA * 70 mg/m3
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SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Coumadin
Warfarin
USE/OCCURRENCE
Kodenticide (anticoagulant)
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Teratogenic effects have been reported-in human females
exposec to this chemical
2) Repeated ingestion of coumarins may resultr~fmra~se and gum
bleeding, blooay stools and urine, pallor, and hemorrhages
with possible shock and death
3) Inhibits prothrombin formation during blood clotting and
damages blooo. capillaries
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 3 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse * 374 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in dog » 200 mg/kg
TLV/TWA .0.1 mg/m3
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2-ACETYLPMIfmjJORBE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
AAF
N-2-fluorenylacetamide ^sX^^x^. NHCOCH3
USE/OCCURRENCE
Used in cancer research; originally patented as a pesticide
*
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGEN (OSHA)
2) Bcperimental mutagen and teratogen
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/TMA = N.A.
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&EIYL CHLORIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
ethanoyl chloride CH3COC1
USE/OCCURRENCE .
Acetylating agent
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) FLAMMABLE. LIQUID (DOT); same DOT label
2) Irritant and corrosive
3) Death or penrajient injury may.result after only short exposure
4) when heated to decomposition, emits ohosgene fumes
5) Way cause severe burns and be extremely irritating to the eyes
TOXICITY DATA - -
1) inhalation TCLo in human resulting in irritant effects
2 ppm for 1 minute
TLV/TWA
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l-AEIYL-2-THIOUREA
— SYNONYM STRUCTURE
ITSAF EK-4890
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) 'Thiourea is\ an experimental carcinogen, poison, goitrogen,
and allergen
2) Reacts violently with, acrolein
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 50 mg/kg
TLV/TWA " M.
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ACRDLEIN
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
acrylic aldehyde H2OCHCHO
propenal
. Aqua!i n
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical feedstock for plastics, synthetic fibers, etc., biocide,
crosslinking agent; generated via combustion of fuels and
cellulosic materials
HEALTH EFFECTS
^^MH^^MIMMMM^^^BW - f
1) itense irritant of the eye, and respiratory tract membranes
2) Repeated exposure may result in skin burns and dermatitis
3) Acute exposure may result in pulmonary edema
4} A possible experimental mutagen
5) Flammable
6) Toxic effects are antagonized by ascorbic acid and phiol groups
7) May be explosive 1f allowea to polymerize in.a closed system in tne presertce
of alkaline materials and strong acids
TOXICITY DATA
1} 500 ppb for 12 minutes is an eye irritant in human
2) Oral LD50 in rat - 46 mg/kg
3) Inhalation TCLo in man producing an irritant effect - Ippm
4) 1 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
5) 562 mg/kg is a dermal LD50 in rabbit
6) Inhalation LCLo in human a 153 ppm for 10 minutes
7) Inhalation LCSO in mouse * 66 ppm for 5 hours
TLV/TWA - 0.025 mq/m3
-------
AOWMICE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
acrylic amide CH2-CHCONH2
USE/OCCURRENCE
Dye and polymer synthesis, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
I/ Can be absorbed through unbroken skin
2) Intoxication has caused peripheral neuropathy, erythema, and
peeling of the palms
3} T'oxic effects on the central nervous system (CNS)
4) A.n experimental mutagen
5) When heated to decomposition, emits acrid fumes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Qral LD50 in rat - 170 mg/kg
2) SO mg for 3 days - mild skin irritant in rabbit
3) 100 mg for 24 hours * severe eye irritant in rabbit
4) Dermal LDLo in rabbit - 1000 mg/kg
0.3 mg/m3
-------
ALLYL ALCOHOL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
propenyl alcohol
vinyl carbiaol
2-propene-l-ol
USE/OCCURRENCE
chemical intermediate in allyl ester, glycerol, and pharmaceutical
production, a fungacide and herbicide, esters of allyl alcohol
are used as food flavorings ~ " "
HEALTH EFFECTS '- .
i) FLAMMABLE LIQUID $P0*)I the DOT i»?»«i *•« FLAMMABLE LIQITJD /POISON
2) Highly irritating to byes, upper respiratory tract, and skin
3) Systemic effects' may include muscle spasm at sites of skin
abserption
4} j£ ay be absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes
5) Moderate air exposures have led to lacrimation, eye pain,
and blurred vision in man
6) Effects of exposure including pulmonary edema, liver and skin
damage, convulsions and death reported experimentally
7) tfhen heated, emits toxic fumes
37 Taa vapor is extremely hazardous
TOXICITY DATA
1) 25 ppm is a severe eye irritant in human
2) 4270 ug is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
3) Inhalation TCLo in human producing an irritant effect * 25 ppm
4) Oral LD50 id rat - 64 mg/kg
5) a e ratal LD50 in rabbit - 53 mg/kg
TLV/TWA - 5 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
AGffLONITRILE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
vinyl cyanide CH2*CHCN
acrylon
Acritet
cyanoethyl ene
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate for rubber and plastics manufacture
; may be liberated by the burning of polyacrylonitrile
fiber ; pesticide use restricted
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (GAG)
2} ' FLMWAffllE CIQUH3- (DOT); the DOT label is FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND POISON
3) Exposure may resul-fc in eye and skin irritation, skin
blistering-, flushing of the face, increased salivation,
mild jaundice, CHS effects, and leucocytosis (increased
white blood cell count)
4) Acute exposures may lead to nausea, asphyxia, and death
5) Little evidence of cumulative action on repeated exposures
6) An experimental mutagen, teratogen, and neoplastic agent
7) Toxicity is due to the acrylonitrile molecule itself as well
as to the metabolically released cyani.de ion
3) HCN and CO enhance acrylonitrile toxicity
9) Penetrates leather and causes rubber to swell and soften
TOSICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 82 mg/kg
2) 20 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
TLV/TWA * N.A. (human carcinogen)
-------
AFLAKJXINS
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
aflatoxins 3,fl,G,G
USE/OCCURRENCE
Toxic fungal metabolites found most commonly in grains,
peanuts, tree nuts, and -cotton seed meal or oil
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Probable HUMAN CAHCIttOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen
3) E-xtr?emely toxic when ingested
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human « 229 ug/tng
2) Oral LD50 in monkey » 1750 ug/kg
N.A.
-------
ALDRIN
STRUCTURE
1
hexachlorohexahydro-endo,exo-
dlmethanonaphthalene
USE/OCCURRENCE
gyclodiene insecticide; biologically altered in the environ-
ment to dieldrin which is more stable and equally toxic ;
most uses cancelled by US EPA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (GAG)
2) POISON B (DOT); the DOT labells POISON
3) A-n experimental teratogen and mutagen
4) Experimental chronic exposure studies have resulted in
shortened lifespans, changes in liver structure, etc.
5) Lnhalation, ingestion, or dermal absorption may result in
irritability, convulsions, and depression
TOXICITY DATA
1) 0ral LDLo in human child a 1250 ug/kg
2) Oral LD50 in rat » 39 mg/kg
3) Dermal LD50 in rabbit - 15 mg/kg
TLV/THA = 0.25 :ng/m3
-------
ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
phostoxin A1F
USE/OCCURRENCE
Insecticide and fumigant, and an animal food additive; see
PHOSPHINE listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) FLAMMABLE SOLID (DOT); the DOT label is FLAMMABLE SOLID
AND DANGEROUS WEEN WET
2) A poison with high toxicity via oral and inhalation routes
3) Moisture releases phosphine gas ( a CNS toxicant)
4) Emits highly toxic fumes of P0_ when heated to decomposition
5) See PHOSPHINE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in human - 20 mg/kg
2) Inhalation LCLo in mammal * I ppm
TLV/TTTA - 0.4 mg/m3 (phosphine)
-------
WIINCBIPHB-1YL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
aminodiphenyl
p-xenylamine
USE/OCCURRENCE
Present usage only in research; formerly was a rubber
antioxidant and dye intermediate
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC) of the bladder
2) Acute exposure produces headache, cyanosis, urinary burning,
and hematuria (blood in the urine)
3) An experimental mutagen and carcinogen
4) Emits toxic fumes when heated strongly
TOXICITY OATA
1) Gral LD50 in rat » 500 mg/kg
2) Oral LDLo in dog - 25 mg/kg
TL7/TVA » N.A. (human carcinogen)
-------
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
agarin
pantherine
•f
H3NCH2
or
I ii
r H3NCH2
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 45 mg/kg
2} 109 ug/kg resulted in CNS effect in human (unknown route
of administration)
TLV/TWA * N.A.
-------
MMINOPYRIDINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
.Avitrol M
4-pyri dinamine
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 20 mg/kg
NHj
USE/OCCURRENCE
Pesticide (bird repellant)
4
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) High toxicity via oral route
TLV/TWA - N.A.
-------
AMITROLE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
»
(I
JJ
~\>
3-amino-l,2,4-triazole
amizol
Weedazol
USE/OCCURRENCE
Herbicide; use restricted
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Low acute toxicity
3) A potent anti-thyroid agent which has induced goiter
formation, thyroid adenomas (gland-like tumors), and
adenocarcinomas in experimental studies
4) When heated strongly, emits highly toxic fumes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 1100 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse - 14700 mg/kg
TL7/TWA - H.A.
-------
ANILINE
SYfJO
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
amiaobeazene
pheaylamine
USE/OCCURRENCE
n
Chemical intermediate in production of dyestuffa, resins,
Pharmaceuticals, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS •
1) POISON B (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) Absorption via the skin, inhalation, routes
3) The liquid is a mild eye irritant
4) Absorption leads to the formation of methemoglobin with
subsequent anoxia Clack of oxygen in the blood) and
cyanosis,leading to headache, drowsiness and possible death
5) Repeated exposures may result in hemolysis of red blood cells,
liver damage, and dark colored urine, anemia, weight loss,
and cutaneous lesions
6) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes
7) The reported incidence of tumors of the urinary bladder due
to aniline has been linked to intermediates present in the
manufacture of coal tar (aniline) dyes and not to aniline
itself
TOXICIT7 DATA
1) LDLo in man - 150 mg/kg (unknown rode of administration)
2) Oral LD50 in rat - 440 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in dog * 195 mg/kg
4) Dermal LD50 in rabbit - 820 mg/kg
IL7/TWA - 10 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
ANTIMONY
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Sb
(elemental
symbol)
qSE/QCCnSBENCZ
Alloy material, plasticizer, abrasive, therapeutic agent, ecc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Absorption mainly via inhalation and ingescion
2) A primary skin irritant
3) Acute and/or chronic poisoning may occur
4) The moat severe human health effects due to chronic antimony exposure
are cardiovascular changes; other systems also effected include
pulmonary, dermal, and reproductive
5) Some studies have reported reproductive effects in female workers
6) Antimony trichloride, pentachloride, and fluoride are highly toxic
7) Acute poisoning symptoms (ingestion) are similar to those seen in arsenic
poisoning and may include vomiting, watery diarrhea, collapse, irregular
respiration, lowered temperature, with possible death resulting
8) Industrial poisoning (inhalation) may result in upper respiratory tract
irritation, pneunonitia, dizziness, diarrhea, vomiting, and dermatitis
3) Antimony miners have been reported to contract benign forms of silicosis
10) Stilbine gas may be produced by dissolving Zn-Sb or Mg-Sb in HC1 or it
may be released from, antimony-containing alloys after acid contact:
stilbine gas is a powerful hemolvtic. and. CNS aoisoa.
11) Antimony (III) chloride, antimony (7) chloride, and
antimony (V) pentafluoride are CORROSIVE MATERIALS (DOT)
TOXICITY DATA
1) LOLo in man * 15 m.g/kg (unknown route) —
2) Inhalation TCLo in human producing pulmonary and GI
effects - 73 mg/m3 (/kg) (SbCl3)
3) Oral LD50 in rat - 525 mg/kg(SbC!3)
4) Oral LQ50 in rate - 1115 mg/kg (SbCls)
5) Oral LD50 in rat - 115 «g/kg (C4H407Sb-K)
6) Oral LDLo in human - 2 m.g/kg (C^^ySb-K)
7) Ihhalation TCLo in human producing blood and GI effects -
580 ug/m3 for 35 weeks (Sb2S3)
TLV/TWA - 0.5
-------
ARAMITH
SYNONYM
2-(p-t-butylphenoxy)-l-methyl-
ethyl-2-chloroethyl ester
sulfurous acid
STRUCTURE
OCHgCHOSOCHgCHgCl
CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE
Miticide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) May cause skin, irritation
3) Acute exposure may result in CNS depression
4) Emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides when heated to
decomposition
TDXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human - 429 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in rat - 3900 mg/kg
TLV/TWA
•^^^^
-------
ARSENIC,N,o,s,
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
colloidal arsenic \g
USE/OCCURRENCE .
Hide and wood preservative, glass manufacturing component,
pesticide, etc.
<
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (GAG)
2) POISONB(DOT) ; the DOT label is POISON
3) absorption via inhalation and ingestion routes t-
4) skin exposures may lead to dermatitis formation and
Iceratoses (skin thickening)
5) symptoms of poisoning include constriction of the throat,
severe stomach and intestine irritation, bloody stools and
vomiting, and diarrhea vith possible shock and death
6) symptoms associated vith inhalation poisoning include headache, -.
chest pain, and extreme general weakness
7) Reported chronic toxicity has resulted in weight loss,
diarrhea and constipation, skin thickening and a gangrenous
condition of the hands and feet, liver damage, polyneuritis,
and numbness of the extremities ( "glove and stocking"), and
blood system changes ,«
3) Levels of arsenic are maintained for'-long peroids of time in
bone, hair,, and nails
9) arsenic hydride and its methyl derivatives are considered to
be the most toxic of the inorganic arsenic compounds
lfl);an experimental mutagen an^ teratogen
11) arsine gas (AsH3) is FLAMMABLE (DOT) and a POISONA(DOTJ : it
may be generated when inorganic As compounds contact sources "'
of nascent I^t in metal pickling and in metal dressing, the
TEV/TWA for Arsine gas is 0.05 ppm
TOXICITY DATA
-~*
1) Intramuscular LDLo in rat « 20 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in rat - 48 mg/kg (arsenic acid)
3) Oral LDSO in rat * 20 mg/kg (arsenic acid, calcium salt)
4) Oral LD50 in rat * 14 mg/kg (arsenious acid, potassium salt)
J
TL7/TWA - 0.2 mg/m3 (As)
-------
ARSENIC ACID
See ARSENIC listing
-------
ARSENIC PBflTJXIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
arsenate
USE/OCCURRENCE
agricultural pesticide, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS . ,_
1) POISONS(DOT); the DOT label ^ POISON
2) experimental studies have shown high absorption via 61 tract
3) skin exposure may produce sensitization and contact
dermatitis
4) an experimental teratogen and carcinogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) oral LD50 in rat - 3 mg/kg
2) oral LD50 in mouse - 55 mg/kg
0.2 mg/m3 (AS)
-------
ARSENIC TRIOXEE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
afcsenite ^ 0
whice arsenic
arsenous oxide
USE/OCCURRENCE
Pesticide, manufacture of Pharmaceuticals, source of other arsenic
compounds; a by-product of ore smelting
HEALTH EFFECTS'
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) POISON B (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
3) corr%ive to the skin, mucous membranes, and conjunctiva; may
see nasal septum perforation
4) wrists and gen talia can be common sites of dermatitis
5) exposure may produce skin sensitization and contact dermatitis
6) the symptoms of acute exposures are due to severe inflammation
of mucous membranes and a greatly heightened permeability of
blood capillaries
7) omly slightly soluble in vater, but a high absorption via the
GI tract has been reported in humans
TOXICITY DATA
v
1) oral L050 in man - 1430 ug/kg
2) oral LOSO in rat - 20 mg/kg
( SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN/IARC)
-------
AUWTOE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
4,4'-(imidocarbonyl)bi3- 0
(N.N-diaechyl)aniline
yellow pyoctanine
USE/OCCURRENCE
miticide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) an experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
N.A.
-------
AZKSERINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
diazoacetate(estar)L-3erine N2CHCOOCH2CH(NH2)COOH
USE/OCCURRENCE
A.ntineoplastic drug
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) o ral LD50 in rat - 170 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 In mouse - 150 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
BARHJFU.o.s.
SYNONYM
none
STRUCTURE
Ba
USE/OCCURRENCE
A»lloy material, residual gas remover from vacuum tubes, component
in varied manufacturing processes, etc.; primary sources are the
minerals barite (BaSO^) and witherite
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Absorption reported via in-gestion or inhalation
2) Alkaline compounds of barium may cause eye, nose, throat and
skin irritation
3) Ingestion of soluble ionized forms of barium markedly increases
the contractility of all muscles; can lead to GI tract effects,
CNS paralysis, and heart stoppage
4) Barium cyanide is- a POISON (DOT)
5) Inhalation of barium sulfate dust may result in dust deposits
in the lung ("baritosis")
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LOLo in human - 57 mg/kg (barium carbonate)
2) Oral LD50 in rat - 630 mg/kg (barium carbonate)
3) Oral LDLo in human - 11 mg/kg (barium chloride)
4) Oral LD50 in rat * 113 mg/kg (barium chloride)
5) Oral Ld50 in rat - 355 mg/kg (barium(II)nitrate)
TLY/TWA - 0.5 mg/m3 (as soluble barium)
-------
BARIUM CYANIDE
see BARIUM and CYANIDE listings
-------
BENZ&OACRIDINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
alpha-chrysidine
alpha-ttaphthacridine
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/TWA - N.A.
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
naphthanthracene
tetraphene
benzo(a)anthracene
USE/OCCURRENCE
a PAH, see TARS listing; a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
which has been found among the by-products of incomplete
organic material incineration, ubiquitous in the environment
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (GAG)
2) an experimental mutagen-
3) due to metabolism and excretion, it is unlikely that the
PAH accumulate in the body with chronic low-level exposure
TOXICITY DATA
1) intravenous LDLo in mouse « 10 mg/kg
TLV/THA - N.A.
-------
BENZBE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
benzol
USE/OCCURRENCE
solvent, extractant, chemical intermediate
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC '(CAG)
2) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT> 3ame DOT label
3) leukeaogenic in man (causing leukemia)
4) A primary irritant of skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract
5} Aspiration of liquid can lead to pulmonary edema and
hemorrhage
6) Acute exposuee leads to CNS depression and possible death
7) A cumulative-acting toxic compound
8) An experimental teratogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) ^nhalation TCLo in human producing blood effects • 210 ppm
2) Inhalation TCLo in human producing a carcinogenic effect -
100 ppm for 10 years (intermittant exposure)
3) oral LD50 in rat - 3800 mg/kg
4) Inhalation LCLo in human * 20000 ppm for 5 minutes
5) Inhalation L050 in rat • 10000 ppm for 7 hours
6) Inhalation 1C in man producing a carcinogenic effect * 2100 mg/rn^ for
4 years (intermittent exposure)
10 ppm
-------
BENZEEARSCNIC ACID
SYNONYM
phenylarsanic acid
STRUCTURE
AsO(OH)2
USE/OCCURRENCE
Reagent for cinproduction
HEALTH EFFECTS
See BENZENE and ARSENIC listings
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 50 mg/kg
2) oral LD50 in mouse - 270 ug/kg
-------
BEfflEIHIOL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
pheny.1 mercaptan
thiophenol
USE/OCCURRENCE
Mosquito larvicide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Exposure may lead to severe .dermatitis, headache, and dizziness
2) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes
of SO,,
TOXICTTY OATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 46 mg/kg
2) Inhalation LCSO in rat - 33 ppm for 4 hours
-------
BBEDINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
4,4'-diamlnobiphenyl
USE/OCCURRENCE
dyestuffs intermediate, various other usea
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CA6)
2) inhalation, and especially,-dermal route are modes of
absorption
3) initial symptoms of benzidine-induced bladder cancer in
man are hematuria, frequency of urination, and pain
4) occupational henzidine-induced dermatitis has been reported
S) an experimental mutagen
6) emits highly toxic fumes when heated to decomposition
TOXICITY IWTA
1) inhalation TCLo in man producing a carcinogenic effect
13 mg/m for 13 years (intermittaut exposure)
2) oral L050 in rat - 309 mg/kg
TLV/TUA - &.A. (HUMAN CARCINOGEN)
-------
BENZDOQWIHRAOEPE
see BENZ(a)ANTHRACENE listing
-------
BENZD(B)RJJORAfmBE
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
benz(e)acephenanthryleae
USE/OCCURRENCE •
a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; see TARS listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (GAG)
2) exposure to carcinogenic PAH.may produce widespread
tissue damage as well as selective destruction of
proliferating tissues (hematopoietic and lymphoid)
3) an experimental mutagen
4) Occupational exposure- criteria have been established for coke oven
emissions, coal tar products, and coal tar pitch volatiles, all of
which contain large amounts of PAH
5) See TARS listing
TOXICITY HATA
TLV/TttA
N.A.
-------
BBED(J)RJJDWWIBE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
benz(j)aceanthrylene
cholanthrene
USE/OCCURRENCE
a PAH; see TARS listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) an experimental carcinogen
2) See TARS listing
TOXICmf DATA
TLV/TWA - S.A.
-------
BBGDfcOPYPBE
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE'
a PAH; see TAILS listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (GAG)
2) among the most potent animal carcinogens known, regardless
of tissue site or route of administration
3) readily transported across the intestinal mocosa and
respiratory membranes
TOXICITY DATA
N.A.
-------
BENZDQUINONE
see PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS listing
-------
BENZDTRICHU3RIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
alpha, alpha, alpha-trichlorotoluene
USE/OCCURRENCE
Intermediate in dye production
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) ftay cause local irritation of the skin and mucous
membranes
2) Large doses may result in CNS depression
3) Decomposes in moist air to benzoic and hydrochloric acids
TOXICITY DATA
1) 50 ug - severe eye irritation in rabbit
2) 10 mg for 24 hours causes severe irritation on rabbit skin
3) 125 ppm inhalation dose for 4 hours in rat vas an LCLo
TLV/THA - N.A.
-------
BBCYLCHLmnE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
CH?C1
alpha-chlorotoluene
n
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate, especially in benzaldehyde production
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIHAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) CORROSIVE MATEKTAL (DOT); the DOT label is CORROSIVE
3) Occupational exposures have reportedly 1-ad to- lacrimation,
conjunctivitis, and irritation of the respiratory tract
and eyes
4) Liquid benzylchloride has the potential for skin irritation
based upon release of HC1 upon hydrolysis
5) A weak, experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 1231 mg/kg
2) Inhalation LD50 in rat - 150 ppm for 2 hours
TLV/TWA . ! ppm
-------
BEKYllIUM,N,o,s,
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
none Be
USE/OCCURRENCE
alloy material, various uses in atomic energy production, etc;
produced during combustion of fossil fuels
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (GAG)
2) poorly absorbed orally, but the soluble forms are efficiently
absorbed via inhalation route
3) the soluble salts are skin sensitizers, primary irritants
(which can result in lesions oa broken skin), and res-
piratory irritants
4) acute inhalation exposure may result in severe chemical
pneumonitis and pulmonary edema
S) chronic inhalation of beryllium may result in pulmonary
symptoms, pain in the joints, shortness of breath, liver
and spleen changes, weight loss, spontaneous skin changes
and lesions, decreased lung capacity, pneumothorax, physical
wasting, and possible death due to heart or respiratory
failure
TOXICITY DATA
1) inhalation TCLo resulting in pulmonary effects • 300 mg/kg
2) oral LD50 in rat - 86 mg/kg (beryllium chloride)
3) oral L050 in rat - 32 mg/kg (beryllium sulfate)
TLV/TWA • 2 ug/m3
-------
BIS(2-CHU]RDETH3)COf€mE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
BCEZM
dichloroethyl formal
USE/OCCURRENCE
chloroalkyl ehters are used as intermediates in organic syntheses,
textile treatment, polymer manufacturing, and as solvents and
degreasers
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) high tozicity via oral, dermal, and inhalation routes
TOXICITY DATA
1) oral LD50 in rat - 65 mg/kg
2) 500 mg is an irritant dose in rabbit eye
3) 19 mg for 24 hours is an irritant dose oa rabbit skin
N.A.
-------
BBCWHfHEHYUEIffiR
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
dichloroethyl echer
USE/OCCURRENCE
solvent, chemical intermediate, soil fumigant
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (GAG)
2) an eye and respiratory tract irritant
3) can cause a mild bronchitis
4) may see drowsiness at higher exposure concentrations
5) an experimental mutagen
6) when heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes,
reacts with water or steam to evolve toxic and corrosive fumes
7) readily absorbed orally
8) in man, brief exposures can lead to irritation of the nasal
passages and eyes with profuse lacrimation
9) the beta-chloroalkyl ethers, due to their stability and low
water solubility, may have a high tendency to bioaccumulate
TOXICITT DATA
1) oral LD50 in rat - 75 mg/kg
2) 20 mg is an irritating dose in rabbit eye
3) dermal LD50 in rabbit - 720 mg/kg
TL7/TWA - 30 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
N,IWISG-
-------
BIS(2-CHL£RDISOPRDFYL)EfflER
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
BCIE
di chloroisopropyl ether I I
GIG — 0 — CCL
I I
CH3 CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE
a beta- chloroalkyl ether, see BIS(2-CHLOROETHOXY)METHANE listing
HEALTH EFFECTS < . . . -L .
1) CORROSIVE MATmAT. (DOT); the DOT label is CORROSIVE
2) readily absorbed orally
3) BCIE is an isomerie form of other chloroalkyl ethers which
have been, reported to be potentially carcinogenic
4) experimental studies have indicated possible liver and
pulmonary system^daaage as a result of chronic exposures
5) an experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) oral LD50 in rat - 240 mg/kg
2) dermal LD50 in rabbit - 3000 mg/kg
3) 500 mg is an irritant dose in rabbit eye
- N.A.
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
BCME C1CH2PCH2C1
USE/OCCURRENCE
alkylating agent In polymer production, organic syntheses inter-
mediate, ion exchange resin intermediate; may form spontaneously
in warm moist air or by combination of formaldehyde and HC1
HEALTH EFFECTS -
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) very irritating to skin? mucous membranes, and the cornea
3) has a suffocating odor
4) the initiating activity of several chloroalkyl ethers
indicates that these compounds will interact with other
substances to produce skin papillomas (benign skin growths
which may undergo cancerous changes
TOXICITY DATA
1) oral LD50 in rat - 210 mg/kg
2) dermal LD50 in rabbit - 280 mg/kg
3) inhalation LCLo in man * 100 ppm
0.001 ppm (HUMAN CARCINOGEN)
-------
BIS(2-£fflYU€XYDPffimJ\TE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
dioctyl phthalate
di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
DJ
USE/OCCURRENCE •
PVC platlcizar
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) readily absorbed from the intestinal tract and the lungs:
experimental studies have indicated absorption via the
dermal route as well
2) animal studies have indicated that liver damage is a
consequence of chronic exposure
3) an experimental mutagen and teratogen
TOXICITY OATA
1) oral TDLo in man producing gastrointestinal effects « 143 tag/kg
2) oral LD50 in rat - 31 gm/kg
3) dermal LD50 in -rabbit - 25 gm/kg
4) 500 mg for 24 hours is a mild eye irritant in rabbit
-------
BRCTOACEBE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
bromo-t-2-propanane
USE/OCCURRENCE
chemical warfare agent
HEALTH EFFECTS
]_) POISON A (JDOT); the DOT label is POISON GAS
2) a powerful lacrimator and strong irritant
TOXICITY DATA
1) inhalation LCLo in human » 572 ppm for 10 minutes
2) Inhalation LCLo in mouse - 600 mg/nr3
TLV/TWA
-------
BROKOFORH
See TRIBROMOMETHANE listing
-------
BRTOEfflANE
SYNONYH . STRUCTURE
methyl bromide
monobromoine thane
USE/OCCURRENCE
Insect fumigant, chemical intermediate, refrigerant, solvent, extraction
agent, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT); the DOmabel is POISON
2) inhalation and percutaneous routes of adsorption
3) an irritant of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes of the upper res-
piratory tract; severe skin bums may result
4) acute inhalation exposure may result in pulmonary edema and daath;
symptoirs are usually delayed and include visual disturbances, con-
vulsions, headache, vertigo, nausea, tremor, coma, and death due to
pulmonary/cardiac failure
5} kidney and permenant brain damage may result after recovery from a
toxic exposure
6) chronic poisoning results mainly in CNS damage
7) nonfatal poisoning has resulted from exposure to concentrations of
100-500 ppm bromomethane
TOXICITY DATA
1) inhalation TCLo in human producing gastrointestinal disturbances
35 ppm
2) inhalation LCLo in rabbit- 20QO mg/m3 for u hours
3) Inhalation LCLo in rat * 3120 ppm for 15 minutes
60 (3kln)
-------
PHENYL
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
TOXICITY DATE
Br
TLV/TWA
-------
BRUCLNE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
dimethoxy strychnine
USE/OCCURRENCE
a plant alkaloid
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON (DOT)
2) emits toxic fumes when heated
TOXICITY DATE
1) oral LD50 in rat * 1 rag/kg
2) oral LD50 1n rabbit » 4 mg/kg
-------
2-BUTOTE PEROXIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
methyl ethyl ketone peroxide CH3COOCH2CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) an Irritant
2) an experimental neoplastle agent
TOXICITY DATE
1) oral 1n LD50 fn'rat » 484 mg/kg
2) oral TDLo in human producing GI effects * 480 mg/kg
TL7/C - 1.5 mg/m3
-------
BUTYL BENZYL PHTHAUflE
SYNONYM
benzyl butyl phthalate
phthalic acid, benzl butyl ester
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
See PHTHALIC ACID ESTER listing
STRUCTURE
0
COC4Hg
DJ
,COCH2C6H5
0
TOXICITY OATA
1) Intraperitoneal LD50 in mouse * 3160 mg/kg
TLV/TWA - N.A.
-------
SYNONYM
ONBP
dinitro-o-sec-butyl phenol
butaphene
Dinoseb
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
herbicide , dormant, fruit spray, desaicant
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) high toxlclty via oral'and dermal routes
2) an experimental neoplastlc agent and teratogen
TOXICITY DATE
1} oral LD50 1n rat * 25 rag/kg
2) dermal LD5Q 1n rabbit « 80 mg/kg
CHCH2CH3
NO,
TLV/TWA - N.A.
-------
CADMIUM
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Cd
USE/OCCURRENCE
electroplating, paint, and pigment manufacture, a plastics stabilizer; is
strongly adsorbed to clays, muds, humic and organic materials and some
hydrous oxides; universally associated with zinc in natural deposits;
sources of environmental pollution include emissions from metal refining
and smelting plants, incineration of polyvinyl chloride plastics, emissions
from use of fossil fuels, use of certain phosphate fertilizers, and
leaching of galvanized iron pipes, food, and tobacco smoke
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) well absorbed via Inhalation, retained in kidney, pancreas, and liver;
poorly absorbed orally
3) a respiratory tract irritant; in acute exposures, 15% fatalities may
result
4} chronic exposure may lead to lung and kidney effects (Itai-Itai disease)
and emphysema
5} an experimental teratogen and mutagen
6) cadmium body burden in humans increases with age: in liver, kidneys,
pancreas, and salivary glands
7) low protein diets enhance the uptake of cadmium.-from the 61 tract
TOXICITY DATA
1) oral LD50 1n rat • 225 mg/kg
2) inhalation LCLo in man » 39 mg/nr for 20 minutes
TLV/TWA « 0.05 mg/m3
-------
CALCIUM CHRCMATE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
chromic acid, calcium salt(l;l) dihydrate
calcium chrome yellow
pigment yellow 33.
USE/OCCURRENCE
pigment, corrosion inhibitor, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) see CHROMIUM, HEXAVALENT listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) oral LD50 in ratr» 327 rag/kg
O.Q5 mg/m (as Cr)
-------
CALCIUM OfflNIEE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
cyanogas Ca(CN)2
calcyanide
USE/OCCURRENCE
fumigant
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) see CYANIDE listing
TOXICITY DATE
1) oral LD50 in rat * 39 mg/kg
TLV/TWA • 5 mg/m3 (as CN)
-------
CARBCN BISULFIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
carbon bisulfide CS2
USE/OCCURRENCE . _._ -
solvent, degreaser, chemical intermediate, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS .
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT); sane label
2) vapor can be severely irritating to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes
the liquid may cause skin blistering
may see localized degeneration of peripheral'nerves
intoxication is manifested by psychological, neurological, and
3
4
5.
cardiovascular disorders
6) repeated exposure can lead to neuritis, visual disturbances, pain in
effected limbs, and often, gradual loss of strength
7) An experimental teratogen
TOXICITY DATE
1) oral LDLo in human * 14 mg/kg
2) inhalation LCLo in human * 4000 ppm/30 minutes
3) Inhalation LCLo In mammal * 2000 ppm for 5 minutes
30 mg/m3 (skia)
-------
CARBON TETRACHLDREE
tetrachloromethane
perch!oromethane
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, drying agent, chemical intermediate, fumigant, antihelmintic, etc.;
banned from household use by the USFDA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CA6)
2} Consequences of acute exposure may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, diarrhea, liver and lidney damage, CMS depression, coma, and death
due to acute renal failure
3) Effects of chronic toxicity may include liver and kidney damage" and
visual disturbances
4) Liver damage may result from either acute or chronic exposures; CC1,
has been reported to cause cirrhosis of the liver
5) Repeated skin exposure may result in dermatitis (defatting of skin)
6) Marked variation in susceptibility exists among individuals
7) An experimental teratogen and carcinogen
8} Toxic effects are pontentiated fay alcohol ingestion
9) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of phosgene
TOXrClTY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human » 43 mg/kg
2) Oral TCLo in woman producing systemic effects * 1800 mg/kg
3) Inhalation TCLo in man producing CNS effects = 1700 mg/kg
4) Inhalation LCLo in human * 1000 ppm
5) Inhalation TCLo in human producing gastrointestinal effects * 317 ppm for
30 minutes
6) Oral LDSO in rat » 2300 mg/kg
7) Oral LDSO in mouse » 12800 mg/kg
8) Inhalation LC50 in mouse * 9526 ppm for 8 hours
9) Dermal LDSO in rat = 5070 mg/kg
65 mg/m (skin)
-------
CHLflWBUCIL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
phenylbutyric acid nitrogen mustard
butyric acid, 4-(p-bis(2-chloroethy1)aminopheny1)-
USE/OCCURRENCE
anttneoplastic/anti-leukemic agent
HEALTH EFFECTS
1. POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC/NCI)
2. Has been reported to be teratogenic in women
3. Experimental teratogen
4. Possible side effects include anorexia (loss of appetite), nausea,
and vomiting
TOXICITY DATA
1. intravenous LDLo in dog * 3mg/kg
2. intravenous LDLo in monkey * 3mg/kg
N.A.
-------
OiLLTOE
SYNONYM
octachloro-4,7-methanotetrahydroindane
Chlorkill
USE/OCCURRENCE
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide; persists for prolonged periods in
the environment
HEALTH EFFECTS
1. CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID (DOT) ; no DOT label requirement
3. Quite toxic to humans; poisoning has resulted in fatalities
4. Readily absorbed in oral and dermal routes
5. Implicated in the development of aplastic anemia
6. A CNS stimulant, convulsant, and emetic
7. May be a cumulative neurotoxin
8. Ability to deposit in fatty tissues
9. An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY fWTA
1. Oral LDLo in human » 40 mg/kg
2. Dermal LD50 in rat » 700 mg/kg
3. Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 780 mg/kg
4. Oral LD50 in rabbit • 100 mg/kg
TLV/TMA =0.5 mg/m3
-------
CHLORINATED BENZENES^,o,s,
see CHLOROBENZENE listing
-------
CHLORINATE]
see individual listings
-------
CHLORINATED RJJRKAFBONS
STRUCTURE
Freon II, Freon 113, etc Various
USE/OCCURRENCE
Refrigerants, polymer Intermediates, propellants, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) In general, fluorocarbons are of relating low toxidty and their
predominant hazard 1s from simple asphyxia
2) Exposure to very high levels of fluorocarbons may result in mild CNS
depression, tremor, incoordination, dizziness, and unconsciousness;
cardiac arrythmias with sudden death have occurred
3) Liver and kidney damage have been reported following chronic exposure
to f 1 uoroal kenes but not to fluoroalkanes
4) Thermal decomposition (or contact with hot metal) of chlorine-containing
fluoromethanes produces HC1, HF, phosgene, C02 and C12
5) Also see individual listings foe TRICHLOROFLUORQMETHANE and
TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LCSO in rat * 72 pph for 30 minutes (dlchJorotetrafluoroethane)
2) Inhalation LCSO in mouse * 700,000 ppm for 30 minutes
(1,2-dichloro-l,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane)
3) Inhalation TC50 in human producing eye effects * 50,000 ppm for 30 minutes
4) Inhalation LCSO in mouse » 10 pph for 30 minutes (trichlorofluoromethane)
7000 mg/m (dichlorotetrafluoroethane)
4950 mg/m (dichlorodifluoromethane)
40 mg/m (dichlorofluoromethane)
3500 mg/'m (chlorodifluoromethane)
5600 mg/m (trichlorofluoromethane)
-------
CHUDRINATED HYDROCARBONS
see individual listings for further information
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS —- -
1) chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (DDT, dieldrin, lindane, etc.)
persist in the environment, are efficiently absorbed via ingestion
route, and act on the CMS causing dizziness, and abdominal pain, with
possible coma and death
2) aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroform, etc.) have a greater
anethestic effect than aliphatic hydrocarbons and can act not only on
the CNS but also on the liver, heart, and kidney
3) aromatic chlorinated hydrocarbon. :toxicity is for the most part no
greater than the related aromatic hydrocarbon (except for naphthalene)
4) when heated to decomposition, emit highly toxic fumes
TOXICITY DATA and TLV
see individual listings
-------
CHLORINfflED NAPHTHALBEN.o.s,
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
chloronaphthalenes
USE/OCCURRENCE
components of eletrical condensers, wire Insulation production, lubricant
additives, coatings, fabric dyeing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) adsorption via inhalation of fumes dermal passage of liquid
2) chronic skin exposure may result in chloracne
3) systemic poisoning after inhalation of fumes may result in headache,
vertigo, anorexia, and weight loss <
4) the more chlorinated forms seem tb be the most toxic (Cl4 and higher)
5) severe poisoning has been reported to produce damage to the liver,
pancreas, gall bladder, lungs, adrenal glands, and kidneys
TOXICITY DATE
TLY/TWA » 3 mg/m3 (trfchloeonaphthalene)
2 mg/m3 (tetra " ")
0.5 mg/nH (penta •
0.2 mg/nH (hexa " "
0.1 mg/m3 (octa "
-------
CHU3RINATH3 PHENOLS, o,s.
see Individual listings for further Information
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS — --------
1) also see individual listings for CHLOROPHENOL, DICHLOROPHENOL, etc.
2) uncouplers of oxldative phosphorylation and affect carbohydrate metabolism
3) exposures may result in nervous system effects
4) when heated to decomposition, emit highly toxic fumes of chlorides
5] highly toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-diox1ns may be formed during the
chemical synthesis of some chlorophenols " '
6) 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and 3-chlorophenol have been reported to
experimentally promote papilloma formation
7) chronic 4-chloophenol exposures have been reported to result in
neurological disorders among workers
TOXICITY DATA and TLV
see individual listings
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
2-chloro-l-ethanal
USE/OCCURRENCE
fungicide, chemical intermediate, bark remover
HEALTH EFFECTS
*
1) highly irritating via dermal, oral, and inhalation routes
2) an experimental mutagen
3) a severe irritant of the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin
TOXICITY DATE
1) oral LOSO in rat » 23 rag/kg
Z\ oral LD50 in mouse * 21 mg/kg
3) dermal LDSO in rabbit » 67 mg/kg
TL7/C - 3 mg/ta3
-------
CHU3ROAUC/L EIHERS
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
chloromethyl methyl ether (CMME) various
bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME)
bis(2-ch1oroethyl)-ether (BCEE)
bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether (BCIE)
USE/OCCURRENCE
organic sysntheses, textile treatment, insecticide and polymer manufacturing,
degreasing agents, ion exchange resin preparation
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAS)
2) experimental mutagens
3) see individual listings
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/THA
-------
HHfHMNIlJE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
1-ami no-4-chlorobenzene
4-chlorophenylamine
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
L) an allergen
2) effects of exposure Include blood damage
3) possible experimental, tjporgenic agent and mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) oral LD50 in rat » 420 mg/kg
2) dermal LD50 in rabbit « 360 mg/kg
3) 250 mg for 24 hours is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
4) 500 mg for 24 hours is a mild skin irritant in rabbit
M.A.
-------
CHUDRDBENZBE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
monochlorobenzene
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Solvent, intermediate in dye-stuffs, phenol, and DDT production
HEALTH EFFECTS
I FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT) ;, same label requirements
2 Irritating to skin, conjunctiva, and upper respiratory tract mucous
membranes
3 Prolonged contact with liquid may cause skin burns
4 Acute exposure may cause drowsiness, incoordination, and unconscious-
ness
5 Chronic exposure may result in liver, kidney, and lung damage
6 Highly lipophilic and hydrophobic
TOXICITY OATA
1. Oral LD50 in rat « 2910 mg/kg
2. Oral LD50 in rabbit » 2830 mg/kg
TLV7TWA - 350 mg/m3
-------
CHUOTENZILATE
SYNONYM • STRUCTURE
4,4'-
-------
^ ACID
SYNONYM
indomethazine
indomethacin
. CH3O
USE/OCCURRENCE
1) Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic agent
« »
•»
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Blocks prostaglanditt synthesis
2) Use may induce- psychological effects
STRUCTURE
TOXICITY DATA
1) oral TDLo 1n human woman producing psychological effects » 20 gm/kg
for 4 years
2) oral TDLo in human producing psychological effects » 2433 mg/kg for
4 years
3) oral LD50 in rat a 12 mg/kg
4) oral LD50 in mouse » 20 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
p-CHLDROM-CRESOL
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
*-ch'loro-m-cresol
2-chloro-hydroxytoluene
USE/OCCURRENCE'
External germicide and preservative; can be formed during water chlorina-
tion of effluent from a domestic sewerage treatment facility, and during
chlorination of water receiving cooling waters from electric power-genera-
ting plants.
HB\LTOFFECTS
1. highly irritating via subcutaneous and oral routes
2. an allergen
3. see CRESOL listing: cresol is very corrosive to all tissues and 1s a
systemic poison.
TOXrCITY DATA
1. oral LDLo in rat 500 mg/kg
2. subcutaneous LD50 in rat * 400 mg/kg
•7/TWA - 22 5ijj/m3 (as
-------
l-CHLORO-2,3-EPOXYBUTANE
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
TOXICITY DATA
CH2C1CHCHCH3
0
TLV/TWA » N.A,
-------
2-CHLDROEIHYL VINYL EIHER
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
vinyl -2-chloroethyl etfaer CH2C1 CH20CH-CH2
2-chloroethoxy ' ethene
USE/OCCURRENCE
in rubber, plastic, chemical products, leather, fabricated metal products,
and in manufacture, of anesthetics, sedatives, and cellulose ethers
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) an eye Irritant
2) potential for bioaccumulaticn related to stability towards hydrolysis
3) the hydrolysis product (2-chloroethanol) has been reported to be
mutagenic
TOXICITY DATA
1) oral LD50 1n rat - 250 mg/kg
2) Inhalation LCLo in rat » 250 ppm for 4' hours
3) 500 rag 1s an eye irritant 1n rabbit
4) 525 mg 1s a severe skin (open) Irritant 1n rabbit
TLV/TWA » N.A.
-------
CHLOROFORM
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
trichloromethane - CHC13
USE/OCCURRENCE ..
Solvent, manufacturing process Intermediate', etc.; ubiquitous distribution
in the environment due to chlorfnation of water and wastewater; U3e in
cosmetic/drug, and food packaging products banned by FDA
HEALTH- EFFEETJ
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) 61 absorption by humans is essentially 100 per cent, also absorbed via
inhalation and dermal routes to a lesser extent
3) May cause skin bums
4) Intoxicating exposures can exert an anesthetic action with possible liver
damage, cardiac arrest, and death
5) Chronic effects are liver, kidney, and nervous system damage
6) Epldemiologic studies have associated trihalomethanes in drinking water
with increased incidence of bladder cancer in humans
7) An experimental teratogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 800 mg/kg
2) Oral LDLo in human * 140 mg/kg
3) 10 mg for 24 hours (open) results in mild skin irritation 1n rabbit
4} 148 mg is an irritant dose in rabbit eye
TLV/TWA » 50 mg/m3
-------
CHLOROMETHANE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
methyl chloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
Methylating and chlorinating agent, solvent, refrigerant, propellant,
chemical Intermediate, etc.; also, natural sources of synthesis (oceans);
chloromethane is the predominant halomethane in indoor air.
HEALTH-SHEETS1' - _. _ . .
1) FLAMMABLE GAS (DOT); same DOT label
2) Chronic exposure symptoms include staggering gait, difficulty in speech,
nausea, headache, Increased mucous flow, dizziness and blurred vision
(latent period)
3) Acute exposure symptoms include coma, or convulsive seizures via CNS
depression, renal and hepatic damage, and possible bone marrow depres-
sion
4) When heated to decomposition, highly toxic fumes of chloride are- emit-
ted
5) Readily absorbed via the lungs
6) An experimental mutagen
Toxicrrr DATA
1) Inhalation LCSO in rat » 15,200 mg/m3 for 30 minutes
21 Inhalation LCSO tn mouse » 3146 ppm for 7 hours
TLV/TWA - 210mg/m3
-------
CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
chloromethoxymethane C1CH20CH3
methylchloromethyl ether
CMME
USE/OCCURRENCE
Highly reactive methylatlng agent
HEALTtM-FHBilV
1} SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT) ; DOT Label is FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND POISON
3) Absorption via Inhalation and possibly via the skin: CMME only moder-
ately toxic via oral route
4) Actue inhalation.exposure results in pulmonary edema and pneumonia
5) Vapor cjtpciars. results in severe eye, skin, and nose irritation
6) An experimental carcinogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 1n rat - 817 mg/kg
2) Inhalation LCSO in rat » 55 ppm for seven hours
TLV/THA -
-------
2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE
SYNONYM • STRUCTURE
beta-chloronaphthalene
USE/OCCURRENCE
Engine crankcase, gauge fluids, heat exchange fluids, specialty solvents,
etc.; formerly used as a wood preservative; Industrial pollutant.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1. Appears to bioconcentrate 1n animals
2. See CHLORINATED NAPHTHALENES listing
TOXICITY DATA
1. Oral LD50 In rat-* 2078 mg/kg
2. Oral L050 1n mouse » 886 mg/kg
-------
2-CHLDROPHENOL
SYNONYM • STRUCTURE
6-chlorophenol
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate, extract ant . in coal processing; can be formed
during the chlorinatlon of phenol-contaminated water.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1 ) Moderately irritating via oral, subcutaneous, and inhalation routes
2.) An experimental tumor promoting agent
3 ) A convulsant and weak uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylatlon
4 ) See CHLORINATED PHENOLS listing
TOXICITY fWTA
1-) Oral LD50 in rat » 670 mg/kg
2 ) Oral LD50 in mammal » 440 mg/kg
TLV/THA - N.A.
-------
I-(O-CHLCRCPHBIYL) THIOUREA
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
l-(-o-chlorophenyl)-2-th1ourea
2-chlorophenyl thiourea
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1 ) Very toxic via oral route of entry
TOXICITY DATA
1 ) Oral LD50 in rat » 4600 ug/kg
2 ) Oral LD50 in rat * 25 mg/kg(3-chlorophenyl thiourea)
3 ) Oral LD50 in rat * 15 mg/kg(4-chlorophenyl thiourea)
TLV/THA - H.A.
-------
3-CHLOROPROPIONITRILE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
3-chloropropanonitrile C1CH2CH2CN
USE/OCCURRENCE
Pharmaceutical and polymer production
1) Penetrates skin to produce systemic cyanide poisoning
2) Chlorine atom is more reacttve than would be expected, due to the pre-
sence of the cyano group
3) See CYANIDES listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 50 mg/kg
TLV/THA - N.A.
-------
ALPHA-CHIDRCTOQJENE
See BENZYL CHLORIDE listing
-------
oram
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
none Cr*° (various)
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chromium compounds are used as pigments, mordants, in alloys, and in re-
fractories production, in cfirome plating, and in chrome tanning of leather
goods; chromic acid, chromates, chromium carbonyl, dichromate, and
chromium (VI) oxide are in the hexavalent form; chromic acid anhydride
mixed with H£0 gives chromic acid and dichromic acid - -
HEALTH EFFECTS
CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
Chromate salts, are recognized carcinogens of the lungs, nasal cavity,
and paraaasal sinus
3) Chromium (VI) compounds are irritants and corrosive via inhalation, in-
gestion, and dermal absorption
4) Acute exposures may result in dypsnea, headache, fever, nasal damage,
and bronchospasm
5) Chronic exposures may result in damage to the liver, kidneys, skin, nose,
and respiratory system
6) Allergic dermatitis is a pronounced property of exposure to either tri-
or hexavalent forms
7) Working in the chromate-producing industry increases the risk of
developing lung cancer
8) Hexavalent chromium is reduced to the trivalent form in the skin
9) Chromium has a relatively long biological half .life
10) Chromium (VI) dioxychloride is a CORROSIVE MATERIAL (DOT)
11) Chromium (VI) oxide (1:3) is an OXIDIZER (DOT) and an experimental
teratogen
12) Chromium (Cr+6) is an experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA ~
1) Inhalation TCLo in man producing a carcinogenic effect « 800 ug/a3
for 7 years/internrittant dosing (chromic acid, disodium salt)
2) Inhalation TCLo in human producing a carcinogenic effect » 110 ug/m3
(chromium (VI) oxide, 1:3)
TLV/TWA » 0.05 mg/nr* (chromates,chromic acid)
-------
CHRYS0JE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
1,2-benzphenanthrene
USE/OCCURRENCE
A PAH air pollutant; see BENZANTHRACENE listing
V
HEALTH EFFECTS
l) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2.) Highly toxic via dermal, subcutaneous, and probably inhalation routes
3.0 Experimental mutagen
TOXICITY nATA
TIV/THA . N.A.
-------
CITRUS RED NO, 2
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
l-((2,5-dimethoxyphenyl )azo)-2-naphthol
solvent red 80
USE/OCCURRENCE
Coloring agent for orange skins not intended for processing; a monoazo
color made from diazonium and phenol ( Winter, 1978)
HEALTH-JO-FELIV
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Experimental mutagen
3) Contains 2-naphthol which is toxic to skin, the eye lens, kidney, GI
tract and circulatory system ( winter, 1978)
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/TWA
-------
COAL TARS
see CREOSOTE and TARS listings
-------
COPPER (II) CYANIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
copper cyanide (DOT)
cupric cyanide (DOT)
USE/OCCURRENCE
'See CYANIDES listing
HEALTH- EFFECTS'
1) POISON B (DOT)j DOT lab«l requirement Is POISON
2) See CYANIDES listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Intraperitoneal LDLo in rat » 50 mg/kg
TLV/THA. 5 mg/ra3 (as CN)
-------
CREOSOTE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
creosote, coal tar (DOT) variable
naphthalene oil
coal tar oil
USE/OCCURRENCE . _ ..."
Wood preservative, animal dip, waterproofing agent, pesticide, etc.;
produced by the destructive distillation of wood or coal tar (Its com-
position is highly variable and contains PAH)
HEALTH- EFFEETT
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID (DOT) ; ao label requirement
3) A recognized carcinogen ot the skin, forearm, scrotum, face, neck,
and penis
4) An experimental carcinogen of the lungs
5) A strong skin and eye irritant
6) Systemic effects can lead to convulsions, respiratory difficulties,
and death
7) Human fatalities have occured after ingestion of seven grams by adults
or one to two grams by children
8) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1-) Oral LD50 in rat = 725 mg/kg
2) Oral LOLo in dog - 600 rag/kg
TLV/TWA • 0.2 mg/ta3 Ccoal tar pitch volatiles, as benzene solubles)
-------
CPESPLS
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
cresylic acid
cresylol
trf cresol _
C»3
USE/OCCURRENCE
Disinfectant, ore floatation agent, chemical 1ntermedister metal cleaner,
motor oil additive; a mixture of o-, m-, and p- cresols, cresylic acid is
the refined product from coal tar and contains the three isomers
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Cresol is very corrosive to all tissues and exposure results in
burning, loss-of feeling, skin softening, and possible.J).lindaass
2) A systemic poison, especially of the liver and kidney
3) A tumor-promoting agent
4) Unlikely to bioaccumulate in mammals due to rapid metabolism
5) An oral dose of 8 grains or more will produce rapid circulatory collapse
and death
6) Chronic poisoning may result in digestive and nervous disorders,
jaundice, kidney damage, and skin eruptions
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 1454 mg/kg (cresol)
2} 517 mg for 24 hours produces severe skin irritation in rabbit
3) 103 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
.4.) Oral LD50 in rat - 242 mg/kg (3-cresol)
5) Oral LD50 in rat • 121 mg/kg (2-cresol)
6) Oral LD50 in rat - 207 mg/kg (4-cresol)
7) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 2000 mg/kg (cresol)
8) Dermal LD50 in rabbit a 2050 mg/kg (3-cresol)
9) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 890 mg/kg (2-cresol)
10) D rmal LD50 in rabbit » 301 mg/kg (4-cresol)
TLV/THA « 22 mg/m3 (skin) (all isomers)
-------
CRESYUCACID
See CRESOL listing
-------
CROTONAUEHYDE
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
trans-2-butenal
jJ-methyl acrolein
propylene aldehyde
CH3CH-CHCHO
USE/OCCURRENCE
'Solvent, leather tanning, Insecticides, alcohol denaturant, Intermediate
in manufacture of n-butanol, crotonic acid, and sorblc acid, etc.j a re-
active component of auto exhaust
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID;DOT label '-Is. FLAMHABLZ LIQUID AND POISOtT
2) Associated with increased Incidence of malignant tumors in aldehyde
factory workers
3) Very dangerous to the eyes; can cause cornea! burns; a lacrimator
4) A strong mucous membrane irritant
5) Reacts violently with 1,3-butadiene
6) Not expected to bioaccumulate
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing irritant effects
minutes
12 mg/rn3 for 10
Oral LD50 in rat » 300 mg/kg
Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 380 mg/kg
45 ppm is an eye irritant in human
5) Inhalation. LC50 in rat " 4000
for 30 minutes
TL7/TWA - 6 mg/m3
-------
CYANIDE AND CYANIDE SALTS
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid) HCN
sodium cyanide NaCN
potassium cyanide KCN
etc. ' etc.
USE/OCCURRENCE
Steel, plastics, synthetic fibers, chemical electroplating,
and metallurgical industries; HCN vapor is released when
cyanide saltscome into contact with any acid; all pesticide
uses of sodium cyanide have been cancelled and suspended by
US EPA except for regulated use in mammalian predator control
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Hydrogen cyanide is a POISON A (DOT); the DOT label is
POISON GAS AND FT.AMMABLZ GAS
2) Deaths from acute exposures are due to chemical asphyxia
at the cellular level
3) Hydrogen cyanide and its soluble salts are rapidly acting
poisons
4) Common inorganic cyanides are rapidly absorbed across
the skin, stomach, duodenum, and lungs
5) Repeated sublathai doses do not result in cumulative
adverse effects
TOXICITY DATA
I) Oral LDLo in human - 570 ug/kg (HCN)
2) Oral LD5Q in rat - 10 mg/kg (HCN)
3) Oral LDLo in human - 2857 ug/kg (KCN and NaCN)
4) Intraperitoneal LD50 in mouse - 3 mg/kg
5 mg/m3 (skin) (cyanides, as CN)
10 mg/m3 (skin) (HCN)
-------
GfflNUE
see individual listings: ACETONITRILE
ACRYLONITRILE
CALCIUM CYANAMIDE
METHYLENE BISPHENYL ISOCYANATE
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE
-------
CYANOGEN
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
ethane dinitrile
prusslte
dlcyan
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate
HEALTH EFFECTS
U POISON A (DOT); 1JOT label is'FLAMMABLE GAS AHD POSON GAS
2) Reacts to form highly toxic fumes when in contact with add, add
fumes, water or steam, or when heated to decomposition
3) See CYANIDES listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo producing Irritant effects In human * 16 pom
2) 16 pom for six minutes 1s an eye Irritant in human
3) Inhalation LC50 in rat * 350 ppm for one hour
TL7/TWA - 20
-------
CYANOGEN BROMIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
bromine cyanide BtCN
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) Strong irritant
3) See CYANIDE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LCLo in human - 92 ppm for 10 minutes
2) Inhalation LCLo in mouse - 500 mg/m^ for 10 min tes
TLV/TWA • 20 mg/m^ ( as cyanogen )
-------
CYANOGEN CHLORIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
chlorcyan CNC1
chlorine cyanide
USE/OCCURRENCE
In chemical synthesis, military poison gas, metal cleaner, fumigant,
ore refining
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) NONFLAMMABLE GAS and POISON GAS (DOT) label; a DOT POISON A
2) Readily converted to hydrogen cyanide in, vivo
3) Eye and throat irritant
4) See CYANIDES listing
5) Produces highly toxic and corrosive fumes when heated to decomposi-
tion, or brought into contact with water and steam
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing toxic eye effects » 10 mg/m3
2) 100 mg/m3 for two minutes is a severe eye irritant in human
3) Inhalation LCLo in mouse » 780 mg/tn3 for seven and one half minutes
TL7/C - 0.6 mg/m3
-------
CYCASIN
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
methylazoxymethanol B-glucoside
Brt
HO'™
USE/OCCURRENCE
H OH
Toxic material from Cycas seeds, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS - - -
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC) and POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN
(NCI)
2) Experimental mutagen and teratogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 270 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse * 500 mg/kg
TLV/TWA
-------
SYNONYM
dtni tro-o-cyclohexylphenol
USE/OCCURRENCE
Insecticide (especially mitldde)
STRUCTURE
N02
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) High toxicity via oral route
TOXICITY DATA
l) Oral LD50 in rat » 65 ing/kg
2 Oral L050 in mouse * 50 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in manual * 50 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
^-^——— \ """'™~""™™"™1™
Cytoxan H^CM-CI
endoxan CH2CH2Cl
N-CH2CH2C1
USE/OCCURRENCE
Antineoplastic agent (in lymphomas and certain leukemias)
HEALTH EFFECTS
!. SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC) and a POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN
(NCI)
2. Human teratogenic agent
3. Experimental teratogen and mutagen
4. Side effects may include GI disturbances, leukopenia (decreased white
blood cell count), nausea, alopecia (hair loss), and liver dysfunc-
tion.
5. When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of POX and NOX
TOXICITY HATA
1. Oral TDLo in human producing 61 effects « 20 mg/kg
2. Oral TDLo 1n woman producing g'landular effects * 45 ma/kg
3. Oral LD50 in rat » 94 mg/kg J
-------
DAUNOMYCIN
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
acetyladriamycln
leukaenomydn C
USE/OCCURRENCE
Antibiotic of the rhodomycin group used as an antineoplastlc agent.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC).
2) Experimental teratogen ad mutagerr
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo 1n human * & rag/kg
2) Intravenous LD50 1n rat « 13 mg/kg
3) Intravenous LD50 1n dog » V mg/kg
A/. A
-------
DDD
SYHOHYM STRUCTURE
l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenol)-ethane
TDE
dichloro diphenyl dichloroethane
USE/OCCURRENCE
A contaminant of commercial grade DDT; first metabolite of DDT Breakdown
in the body; all products containing ODD have been cancelled by the USEPA.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CAB.CIHOGEN (IARC)
2) Storage of ODD in human adipose tissue is less than that of either
DDT or DDE
3) Experimental mutagen
4) Highly toxic fumes of chlorides are released during decomposition by
heating
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human * 5000 nig/kg
2) Oral LD50 in rat - 113 mg/kg
3) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 1200 mg/kg
TLV/TMA ^ H.A.
-------
DDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene
DDT dehydrochloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
Contaminant of technical DDT; one end product of DDT metabolism; most of
the biological residues 1n the U. S. from DDT applications are p,p'-DDE.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (NCI)
2) A highly lipophilic compound which'is efficiently absorbed from the
61 tract
3) Undergoes no further metabolism in the body
4) Human adipose storage of DDE is greater than that for DOT, and DOE
is eliminated from the body very slowly
5) Most DDE stored in tissue is from ingested DDE and not from DDT meta-
bolism
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 880 tng/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse * 200 mg/kg
M.A.
-------
DDT
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
l,l-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)-
bi s-4-chlorobenzene
USE/OCCURRENCE
A broad sperfrum Insecticide (especially against the malaria mosquito)
banned from general use 1n the U.S.; still 1n use 1n other countries;
very perslstant 1n the environment; technical grades contain ODD and
ODE as contaminants
HEALTH EFFECTS
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7
8
9)
10)
CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
Absorption from the SI tract has been reported to be over 90£ efficient
when ingested with dietary fat
DOT acts on the CNS and poisoning may result in vomiting, nausea,
diarrhea, partial paralysis of the extremities, and mild convulsions
Effects of chronic exposure in man are not known
Toxic reproductive effects have not been observed in man, although
such damage has been reported in rodents and birds
Preferentially is stored in adipose (fat) tissue; DDT has a long
residency in the body
An experimental carcinogen in mice
A strong inducer of the'mixed function oxidase system in the body
which could effect the metabolism of other ingested foreign compounds
An experimental mutagen
Biomagniflcation results from ingestion of contaminated water and
and from passage of DDT residues up the food chain; may be very
highly concentrated in aguatic organisms
TOXICITY DATA
Oral LDLo in infant » 150 mg/kg
Oral TDLo in hunan producing CNS effects * 6 mg/kg
3) LDLo in man » 221 mg/kg (unknown route of administration)
4) Oral LD50 in rat » 113 mg/kg
TLV/THA » 1 mg/m3
-------
DIALLATE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
2,3-dlchloroallyl d11sopropyl thiocarbamate
>COSCH2CC1»CHC1
USE/OCCURRENCE
herbicide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1} Oral rat LD50 « 395 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 • 2000 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » M A.
-------
DIBENZ(A,H)ACRIDINE
SYNONYM
!,2,5,6-d1naphthacrid1ne
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
HeterocycHc aromatic hydrocarbon
See TARS listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/TWA -
-------
DIBBIZ(A,J)ACRIDINE
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
3,4,5,6-dinaphthacridine
USE/OCCURRENCE
Heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
See TARS listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/TWA * S.A.
-------
DIBEHZ CA,H) ANTHRACENE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
OB(a,h)A
USE/OCCURRENCE
A polynuclear (polycyclic) aromatic hydrocarbon; a fraction of coal
tar; see BENZANTHRACENE listing '
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) An experimental mutagen
3) Chronic feeding of carcinogenic PAH have resulted in lymph node
changes, decreased growth, and decreased spleen weight
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/TWA
-------
7H-DIBENZO(c,G) CARBAZOLE
SYNONYM
••••••••••w
3,4,5,6-dinaphthacarbazde
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
TOXICITY OATA
STRUCTURE
TLV/TWA = *. A.
-------
DIBENZD(A,E) PYRENE
SYNOMYM
naphtho(l,2,3,4-def) chrysene
USE/OCCURRENCE
See TARS listing; a PAH
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
TQXICITY fWTA
STRUCTURE
TLY/TWA =•
-------
DIBB!ZO(A,H) PYRENE
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
dibenzo (b.def) chrysene
1,2,6,7-dibenzopyrene
USE/OCCURRENCE
See TARS listing; a PAH
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
TOXICITY HATA
TLV/TMA ^ A/. A .
-------
DIBENZO(A,J) PYRENE
SYNONYM
benzo(rst) pentaphene
1,2,7,8-dibenzopyrene
USE/OCCURRENCE
A PAH; see TARS listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
STRUCTURE
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC).
2) Experimental mutagen
TOXICITY nATA
TLV/THA =
-------
L2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPRCPANE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
DBCP CH-BrCHBrCl^Cl
nemagon
fuiazone
USE/OCCURRENCE
Soil fumigant, nanatocide; registration for all uses (except on pine-
apples) has been suspended by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agen-
cy (USEPA)
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC/NCI)
Has been linked to sterility in male factory workers
Skin and mucous membrane irritant
Narcotic in high doses
Experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 173 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 1400 mg/kg
Ten grams is a severe skin Irritant in rabbit
One percent solution 1s a mild eye irritant in rabbit
3)
4)
-------
1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
SYNONYM
ethylene d1bromide
glycol dibromide
STRUCTURE
CH2BrCH2Br
USE/OCCURRENCE
Fumigant, constituent of ethyl gasoline, solvent, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1 POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC/NCI)
2 Routes of absorption are Inhalation and dermal
3 Eye and mucous membrane Irritant
4) Skin exposure may result in ulceration
5) Acute inhalation of vapor may result in CNS depression, respira-
tory tract injury, and extreme vomiting
6) Repeated exposures may result in liver damage
7) Has been linked to cases of sterility in factory workers
8) Experimental mutagen
9) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of bromides
10) Can penetrate most rubber and leather protective clothing
TOXICITY DATA
1} Oral LOLo in woman * 90 mg/kg
2) Oral L050 in rat - 108 mg/kg
3) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 300 mg/kg
(Potential human carcinogen) -
-------
DIBROHOMETHANE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
methylene bromide
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Toxic fumes of bromide are given gff when heated to decomposition
TOXICITY DATA
1} Subcutaneous LD50 in mouse » 3738 ing/kg
TLV/TWA
-------
DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
COOC4Hg
phthalic acid, dibutyl ester
USE/OCCURRENCE
Plasticizer in polyvinyl acetate emulsions, insect repellent ,. .....
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Experimental mutagen and teratogen
2} Phthalic acid esters are readily absorbed via lungs,"fntestfnaT"
tract, and the peritoneal cavity
3) Associated with toxic polyneuritis incidence in exposed workers
TOXICITY DATA
Oral TDLo
Oral LD50 in mouse * 12,000 mg/kg
1) Oral TDLo in human producing eye effects * 140 mg/kg
2)
TLV/TWA « 5 rog/m3
-------
DICHtOROBENZENES
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Paramoth To-Unw.*./- -o-,Hn-,-p-,d1chlorobenzenes
dlchloricide$ r lsowe^
USE/OCCURRENCE
See Individual listings; l,3-d1chlorobenzene 1s found as a contaminant 1n
the other two Isomerfc forms
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Lipophillc chemicals which deposit 1n fatty tissues
2) Chronic exposures (1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4- dichlorobenzene) result 1n
liver, blood, CMS, and respiratory effects
3) Absorbed-via lungs, GI tract, and intact skin
4) Induce drug metabolizing enzymes
TOXICITY DATA
See Individual listings
TlV/TWA » See Individual listings
-------
1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE
SYNONYM
o-dichlorobenzene
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, fumigant, Insecticide, chemical intermediate; may be produced
during the chlorinatfon of water containing organic precursor material.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Irritating to the skin, conjunctiva, and mucous membranes of the
upper respiratory tract
2) Repeated contact with the liquid can cause skin burns
3) Acute exposure may cause drowsiness, incoordlnation, and uncon-
sciousness
4) Chronic exposure may result in liver, kidney, blood, CNS, and lung
damage
5) An experimental carcinogen
6) 0- isomer is probably more toxic than the m- or p- forms
7) Deposits in fatty tissues
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral in rat » 500 rag/kg LD50
2) 100 mg for 30 seconds a mild Irritant in rabbit eye
TL7/C - 300 mg/m3
-------
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
PDC8
paracide
p-dichlorobenzene
IJSE/OCCURRENCE
Air deodorant, Insecticide; produced as a by-product of monochloroben-
zene manufacture
HEALTH EFFECTS
ii
Significant absorption via 61 tract
Chronic toxicity in experimental studies using animals resulted in
growth depression, liver pathology, and increased liver and kidney
weights
3) Induces drug metabolizing compounds
4) Exposure Co Taper nay result in irritation of akin, eyes,
and throat
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral TDLo in humans showing systemic Effects * 300 mg/kg
2) LOLo in man (unknown route of administration) * 221 mg/kg
3) Eighty ppm is an eye irritant in human
4-) Oral LD50 ia rat - 500 mg/kg
TLV/TWA - 450 mg/m3
-------
3,3'-DICHLQRQBENZIBINE
SYNONYM
DCS
3,3'-d1chloro-4,4'-d1aminofaiphenyl
USE/OCCURRENCE
Used in the manufacture of azo dyes
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) Experimental mutagen
3) Crosses the placenta
TOXICITY OATA
1} Oral LDLo in rat » 4740 mg/kg
TU//TKA * W-A. (suspected human carcinogen)
-------
1,1-DICHLORQETHANE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
ethyl1dene dichloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, cleaning agent, degreasing agent, chemical intermediate
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Chloroethanes are rapidly absorbed via oral or inhalation routes
of exposure; it has been indicated that 1,1-dichloroethane can al-
so be significantly absorbed through the skin; may cause liver
damage
2) An experimental* teracogen and .possible -aeoplastic ageat
3) Poisoning results in respiratory tract irritation and CNS depres-
sion; marked excitation of the heart
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDSO in rats » 725 rag/kg
TL7/TWA - 810 mg/m3
-------
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
STRUCTURE
ethyl ene di chloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
Fumigant, chemical Intermediate, solvent* anti-knock agent, degreaser,
etc. —
HEALTH EFFECTS
CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT); same label
Absorbed rapidly via oral or inhalation route, significant dermal
absorption can probably occur
Can see skin and cornea damage
Narcotic effects of exposure can include nausea and dizziness
Symptoms of chronic poisoning include diffuse dystrophic changes
in the brain and spinal cord, and liver and kidney damage
7) Experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo In man » 810 mg/kg
2} Oral LD50 in rat « 680 mg/kg
3) Inhalation TCLo in human producing CNS effects » 4000 pom/hour
4) Sixty-three mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
TLV/TMA - 40
-------
DICHLORQETHYLEHES
See individual listings
-------
Ll-DICHLOROETHYLENE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
«B**M^» fl^^^^MMB^HN^BBMBM
Vinylidene Dichloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
As a vinyl monomer 1n the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride and other
resins; as a chemical intermediate, and as a solvent
HEALTH-
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Suspected carcinogen based upon structural similarity to vinyl
chloride HgC-CHCI •
3) Chronic exposures during experimental studies have resulted in
liver damage and increased mortality
4) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human resulting in systemic effects a 25 ppm
2) Oral LD50 in rat » 200 rag/kg
3) Inhalation LCLo in rat = 10,000 ppm for 24 hours
TLV/THA = H.A.
-------
L2-DICHLOROETHYLB1E, N, 0, S,
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Cl H
trans- 1,2-dichloroethylene
sym-dichloroethylene . „
acetylene dlchloride "
H
(sym-)
C1
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent for waxes, resins, and acetyl cellulose; an oil and rubber
extractant; a refrigerant; a chemical Intermediate
HEALTH-
1) Primary irritant producing dermatitis and mucous membrane irrita-
tion (liquid)
2) Exerts a narcotic effect resulting in CNS depression
3) Acute exposure to vapor may result in dizziness, nausea, frequent
vomiting, and transient kidney effects
4) Gradual decomposition results in HCT formation in the presence of
UV light or upon contact with hot metal
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LOSO in rat » 770 mg/kg (sym-)
2) Inhalation TCLo in human producing CNS effects « 4800 mg/m3 for
10 minutes (trans-)
IL7/TWA - 790 mg/m3 (.acetylene dichloride)
-------
TRANS-1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
trans-acetylene dlchlorlde i
trans-dichloroethylene HOCH
ethylene 1,2-dichloro-, (E)- i,
acetylene d1chloride u
USE/OCCURRENCE
Manufacture of ethyl glycol, diaminoethylene, nylon, various plastics,
photo
-------
DICHLOROflETHANE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
methylene chloride
methylene dichloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
Low temperature extractant, degreaser, solvent
HEALTH^EFFEEIS'
1) Experimental carcinogen/experimental mutagen/animal teratogen
2) Very dangerous to the eyes
3) metabolized to carbon monoxide, etc.; may see elevated carboxyhemo-
globin levels in the blood placing persons with cardiovascular
disease and those who are pregnant at increased risk of disease
4) Exposure can result in skin burns, dermatitis, pulmonary edema,
and CNS narcosis with possible encephalopathy
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human which produced blood effects =• 500 ppm
for eight hours
2) Inhalation TCLo in human which produced CNS effects * 500 ppm for
one yesr (intermittant exposure)
Oral LD50 in rat » 167 mg/kg
Ten mg is a mild eye irritant in rabbit
810 mg for 24 hours is a severe skin irritant in rabbit
TL77TWA - 700 mg/at3
-------
2.T-DICHLOROPHEMOL
SYNOHYM STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Chemical intermediate 1n the manufacture of industrial and agricultural
products
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Possible agent in causation of chloracne in exposed workers
2) An apparent tumor promoting agent in mice
TOXICITY OATA
1) Oral 1050 in rat - 580 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse * 1600 mg/kg
TLV/TMA - A/. A,
-------
2,6-DICHLOROPHENOL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
Starting material in the manufacture of various phenol compounds
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Chronic exposure in rats induces liver damage
2} Olchlorophenols are less likely to be absorbed through the skin than
monochlorophenols and are less toxic by skin contact: by comparison
with other chlorophenols, it is expected that 2,6-d1chlorophenol is
absorbed through the skin and from the GI tract, and 1s then rapidly
eliminated.
3) At relatively high concentrations, 2,6-dichlorophenol affects the
nervous system
TOXICITY RATA
1) Oral LD50 1n rat - 2940 rag/kg
2) 250 u-g for 24 hours 1s a severe eye Irritant in rabbit
3) 500 mg for 24 hours is a severe dermal irritant in rabbit
N.A.-
-------
2^-DICHLORQPHENOXY ACETIC ACID (2,4-D)
SYNOHYM STRUCTURE
2,4-0
C
USE/OCCURRENCE
Herbicide; to increase latex output of old rubber trees
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Can cause nausea, vomiting, and central nervous system depression
3) Liver and kidney Injury have been reported In experimental animals
4} Exposures h«ve produced sarcomas in experimental studies.
as well as tumors
5) An experimental mutagen and teratogen
TOXICITY 1WTA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing CNS effects * ><* mg/m3
2) Oral L050 in human * 80 mg/kg
3) Inhalation TCLo in man producing gastrointestinal tract effects
to mg/m
4) Oral LD50 in rat » 375 mg/kg
5) Skin LD50 in rat » 1500 mg/kg
TLV/TUA , 10
-------
DICHLDRCPHENYLARSIHE (HYDROGIORIDE)
SYNOHW STRUCTURE
AsCl
(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) dichloroarsine n
hydrochloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
Medical use: Has been used as antisyphilitic; Veterinary use: against
adult Dirofilaria
HEALTH EFFECTS
TOXICITY HATA
1) Parenteral TDLo in humans producing gastrointestinal tract effects
957 ^/kg
2) Oral LDLo in rats » 500 mg/kg
TLV/TWA
-------
DICHLOROPROPANE
SYNONYM
propylidene dicfaloride (1,1-isomer)
propylene dichloride (1,2-isomer)
trimethylene dichlaride (1,3-isomer)
STRUCTURE
CH3CH2CHCl2
CH3CHC1CH2C1
USE/OCCURRENCE
Soil fumigant; oil and fat solvent (I,2-isomer)
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Shown to be mutagenic in the Ames assay
2) 1,2-dicfaloropropane is a DOT FLAMMABLE LIQUID (same label)
3) The 1,2-isomer may be irritating to the eyes, mucous
membranes; may be narcotic in high concentrations; has
caused liver and kidney damage in experimental studies
TQXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 6500 mg/kg (1,1-isomer)
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit- 14 g/kg (1,1-isomer)
3) Inhalation LCLo in rat » 4000 ppm for 4 hours (1,1-isomer)
4) Oral LD50 in rat - 1900 mg/kg (1,2-isomer)
5) Dermal LDSO in rabbit - 8750 mg/kg (1,2-isomer)
6) Inhalation LCLo in rat • 1500 ppm for 4 hours (1,2-isomer)
7) 5 mg is a severe eye irritant ia rabbit (1,2-isomer)
8) Oral LDLo in dog- - 5000 mg/kg (1,2-isomer)
9) Oval LDLo in dog - 3000 mg/kg (1,3-isomer)
TL7/TWA - 350 mg/m3 (1,2-isomer)
-------
1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
••^^••MM ^MMMiHMM^^M^mHM
propylene dichloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
Used for degrees1ng and dry cleaning; also as a soil fumigant
HEALTH-Jit-TbaV
FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT) ", same DOT label
Route of entry, inhalation of vapors;causes dermatitis by defatting
the skin
3) Moderately irritating to the eyes, but does not cause permanent in-
jury
4) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1} Oral LD50 in rats • 1900 mg/kg
Skin LD50 in rabbit - 8750 mg/kg
Inhalation LCLo in rat » 1500 ppm for four hours
Five mg is a severe eye Irritant in rabbit
500 mg for 24 hours is a severe skin irritant in rabbit
TLV/THA * 350. mg/m3
-------
DICHLQROPROPANOLS
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol CH9C1CHOHCH-C1
2,3-dichloropropanol * c
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, chemical Intermediate, a cement for celluloid, a binder"for
water colors
HEALTH-
1) May decompose at high temperatures to phosgene gas
. 2) Experimental mutagens
3) Irritant effect
4) Intoxication symptoms are similar to carbon tetrachloride poisoning
TOXICITY DATA
Oral LD50 in rat * 90 mg/kg (2,3-dichloropropanol)
Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 200 mg/kg (2,3-dichloropropanol)
3) Ten mg for 24 hours is an irritant on rabbit skin (2,3-dichloropropa-
nol)
4) Oral LD50 in rat * 490 mg/kg (1,3-dichloro 2-propanol)
5) Dermal LD50 in rabbit a 800 mg/kg (1,3-dichloro 2-propanol)
6) Ten mg for 24 hours is a mild ,(op^n) skin irritant in rabbit
TL7/TWA - H.A.
-------
DICHLOROPROPBIE
See listing for 1,3-Dichloropropene
-------
1,3-DICHLORQPROPENE
SYNONTM STRUCTURE
1,3-dichloropropylene C1CH2CH-CHC1
USE/OCCURRENCE
A mixture of dichloropropenes and dichloropropanes has
been used as a soil fumigant compound
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A tumor initiator or promoter o* mouse skin (in vivo)
2) When heated to decomposition, gives off toxic fames
of chlorides
3) An experimental mutagen
4) An irritant of the slcin, eyes, and mucous membranes
5) Has produced liver and kidney damage in experimental
studies
TOXICIT7 DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 250 mg/kg
TLV/TWA - 5 ag/m3 (skin)
-------
DIELDRIN
SYNONYM • - STRUCTURE
hexachloroepoxyoctahydro-endo,exo-d1methanonaphtha1ene
compound 497
USE/OCCURRENCE
Was used as a broad spectrum Insecticide until 1974 ; 'most us«s
cancelled by US EPA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG) • '
2) An experimental mutagen and teratogen
3) Absorption via oral route/ readily "absorbed through the s-kln
TOXICITY IWTA
1} Oral LD50 1n rat * 46 mg/kg ,
2) Inhalation LCSO in rat - 43 mg/nr/4H
3) Skin LD50 1n rat » 60 mg/kg
4) Skin LD50 in rabbit « 45 mg/kg .
5) Unk LDLo in human * 28 mg/kg
TLV/THA * °-25 "g/™ (skin)
-------
DIEPOXYBUTANE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Butadiene Dioxide
Erythritol Anhydride F^CO CH2 CH20CH2
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH^EFFEEIT
1) An experimental Mutagen and possible experimental neoplastic agent
TOXICITY DATA
1} Oral LOSS in rat. » 78 mg/kg
2) Inhalation LDSO in Rats a 90 ppra for 4 hours
3) Skin L050 in Rabbits - 89 mg/kg
4) Qral LDSO in mouse » 72 mg/kg
5) IQmg for 24 hours is a severe skin irritant in rabbit
6} 250 Mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
TLV/TWA * ri.A.
-------
DIETHYLARSINE
(information given for Arsine]
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
(C2H5)2 ASH
USE/OCCURRENCE
not use4in any Industrial process, but this gas is generated by side
reactions or unexpected!ys occurs as an impurity in acetylene.
HEALTH^EFFEETT
1) Route of entry: • Inhalation of gas
2) Can be fatal if inhaled in sufficient quantities.
3) In high concentration will cause damage to the eyes.
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLO in man producing systemic effects * 230 gm/m3
2) " LCLO " humans * 25ppm/30 minutes
3) " " • Rats - 30Qrag/m3/15 minutes
4) " " • Rabbit - 500mg/m3/15minutes
5} " TCLO in human producing R8C effects » 3ppm
TLV/TWA * 0.2 mg/m3. (afSine)
-------
0,0-DIETHYL-S-(2-ETHYLTHH)I ETHY ESTER' OF PHOSPHOROTHIOIC ACID
See QISULFOTON listing
-------
1,2-DIETHYUYBRAZINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
hydrazoethane
USE/OCCURRENCE
"Hydrazlnes are used in liquid rocket fuels.
HEALTtt^EFFEETS'
1) POSITIVE, ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Routes of Entry: Inhalation and percutaneous absorption.
3) highly irritating to the eyes, upper respiratory fact, and
skin; severe exposure may produce temporary blindness.
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/THA -
-------
0,0-DIETHYL-S-METHYl ESTER PHOSPHORODITHIOTIC ACID
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
(C2H5)2-P-S-CH3
S
USE/OCCURRENCE
Structurally related to the phosphorodithioate -Insecticides
(i.e., azinphosmethyl, phorate, disulfoton)
HEALTH EFFECTS
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in mouse * 156 mg/kg
TL7/TWA - N.A.
-------
0,0-DIETHYLPHOSPHORIC ACID, 0-P-NITROPHENYL ESTER
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
tf
Oiethyl p-nitrophenyl Phosphate .. u-„ {j ,,
Parathion C2H50-P-0-
USE/OCCURRENCE
Organophosphate Insecticide; the use of parathlon
(ethyl) has been restricted by USEPA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B(DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) A cholinesterase inhibitor which effect smooth muscle, skeletal
muscle, nerve endings, and the CNS
3) An experimental mutagen and teratogen
4) Onset of symptoms, after organophosphate compound poisoning
is usually rapid (2-3 hours)
5) A variety of symptoms may result including chest tightness,
wheezing expiration, increased bronchial secretion and
salivation, nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, heart
rate changes, involuntary urination and defecation, constriction
of the pupils, muscular fatigue, twitching, djpnea,
-------
DIETHYL PHTHALATE
SYNONYM • STRUCTURE
ethyl Phthalate
USE/OCCURRENCE
solvent for cellulose acetate 1n manuf. varnishes
and dopes; fixative for perfumes.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Irritating to mucous membranes, and in high
concentration, narcotic.
2} an experimental teratogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing an irritant effect
1000 mg/m3
2) Intraperitoneal LD50 in Rats * 5058 rag/kg
3) Oral LDLo in Rabbits » 1000 mg/kg
4} 112 mg is an eye irratant dose in rabbit
TLY/THA * 5 mg/m3
-------
0,0-DIETHYL-Q-(2-PYRAZINYL) PHOSPHOROTHIOATE
SYNOHYM STRUCTURE
zinophos
thlonazln S
J-P—
COT
OC2H5
OC2H5
USE/OCCURRENCE
Organophosphate nematocide and Insecticide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Cholinesterase inhibitor; see PARATHION listing
2) Highly toxic via oral and dermal routes
3} When heated to decomposition, emits highly
toxic fumes
TOXICITY IWTA
11 Oral 1050 in Rats » 3500 ug/kg
2) Skin LD50 in Rats » 8 mg/kg
-------
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
3,4-bis(P-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heacene
StilSaster61 HO
USE/OCCURRENCE
Medicinal use in «strogenic hormone therapy; veterinary use
in replacement therapy for underdeveloped females
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Has been reported to be a human teratogen
3) An experimental ratrtagen, teratogen, carcinogen,
and neoplastic agent
TOXICITY HATA
1) Oral TDLo in woman producing a carcinogenic effect » 35 mg/kg
(2-17 weeks of pregnancy!
2) Dermal TDLO in human producing glandular effects * 60 wg/kg
for 14 days.
3) TDLQ in woman producing teratogenic'effects » 240 mg/kg for 35 wks*
4) TOLO in man producing possible tumori3«*»/c effects « 180 mg/kg
for 12 years (intermittant dosing, unknown route)
* intermittant doaiag, unknown route of administration
TLV/THA * N.A.
-------
DIHYDROSAFRCLE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
1,2-methylene dioxy-4-
propy/benzene
CH2CH2CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE
A safrole derivative
HEALTH EFFECTS
(1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN ClARC)
TOXICITY nATA
CD Oral LD50 in rat » 2260 rag/kg
(2) Oral LD50 in mouse * 3700 mg/kg
TLV/TUA 3 N.A.
-------
3,4- DIHYDROXY-ALPHA-(METHYL AflINO)-fETHYL BENZYL ALCOHOL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
——•___•__
Ep1nephr1ne ^v. ^ /
Adrenal i ne HO"Tr^l — f " CH2"M
HO—KJj t \
OH
USE/OCCURRENCE '
A natural body hormone which mimics the 'effects of stimulation of
the sympathetic nervous system; medicinal usage in treatment of
bronchial spasms, allergic reactions, constricts peripheral blood
vessels,. may restore heartbeat in cases of acute cardiac «rrest;
1} Use may result in a sharp rise in Blood pressure
2) Side effects of use may include weakness, headacne,
dizziness, anxiety, fear, and respiratory difficulties
3} an experimental teratogen
TOXICITY DATA
11 Subcutaneous LDLo in man * 735 ug/kg
21 Oral LD50 in mouse * 50 mg/kg
31 Intravenous L050 rat * 980 ug/kg
4] skin LD50 in Rat « 52 mg/kg
51 Oral LDLo in Rat » 30 mg/kg
TLV
-------
DIISOPROPYLFLUROPHOSPHATE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
OCH(CH3)2
DFP /
Oiisopropoxyphosphoryl fluoride F'Pv* 0
>OCH(CH3}2
USE/OCCURRENCE
An early organophosphate insecticide; used fn Germany
as a basis for nerve gases
HEALTH EFFECTS _,_
1) High toxicity via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes
2) A cholinesterase inhi&itor: see PARATHION listing
3} Can cause damage to eyes, nausea, vomiting
TOXICITY DATA
11 Oral LDSO in Rat » S rag/kg
2} Inhalation LC50 in Rat » 360 rog/ra3 for 10 minutes
3} oral LDSO in mouse » 37 mg/kg
4) dermal LDSO in mouse « 72 mg/kg
5) 'Oral L050 in ra&6it * 9780 ug/kg
6) 19 mg/m for 10 minutes is an irritant dose in human eye
T1.V/THA * M.A.
-------
DI1CTHOATE
STRUCTURE
s
0,0-Dimethyl 5-C2-Gnethylamfnol-2- II
Oxoethyl) Phosphorodithioate CHsO-P-SCHgCONHCHS
OCH3
USE/OCCURRENCE
Organophospnate insecticide, icaricide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Acts as irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme cholinesterase:
See PARATHION listing
2) Absorbed by fngestfon, skin, eye and inhalation.
3} Causes symptom«$headache, fatigue, sweating and vomiting
in mild organophasphaCte. poisoning; moderate poisoning signs nay be
unable to walk, marked miosis, and muscle twitchings;
in sCvere poisoning, unconsciousness, and seizures,*4? result
4) An experimental mutagen, teratogen, and carcinogen
TOXICITY DATA
1} Oral 1050 in human * 30 ing/kg
21 Oral L050 in Rat » 152 mg/kg
3) Dermal LD50 fn Rat « 353 mg/kg
41 Oral LD50 in Rabbit * 300 mg/kg
TLV/TWA * N.A.
-------
3,5'-DIMETHOXYBEHZIDINE
SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
Diairfsidtne
USE/OCCURRENCE
manufacture of Azo dyes.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN CIARC)
2) Can cause skin Irritation
3) An experimental neoplastic agent
TOXICITY DATA
11 ral LD50 in rat - 1920 rag/kg
2) pal LDLo fn dog * 500 mg/kg
-------
p-DIWETHYLAMINO AZO BENZENE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
aniline, N,»-dimetayl-P-phenylazo
Sudan yellow
butter ye low
USE/OCCURRENCE
Used for research purposes; formerly used as a dye in
margarine; reagent for determination of free HC1 in
gastric juice; a PH indicator (red at PH - 2.9, yellow at
PH - 4.0
HEALTH EFFECTS
L) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Route of entry by inhalation, percutaneous, and oral
absorption
3) An experimental mutagen, teratogen, and neoplastic
agent
TOZICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 200 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse - 300 mg/kg
3) Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat » 500 mg/kg
TLV/TWA - N.A. CQSHA carcinogen)
-------
7,12-DIMETHYL BENZ(A) ANTHRACENE
SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-
benzanthracene
Dimethyl Benzanthrene
USE/OCCURRENCE
A PAH; see TARS listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) See TARS listing
2) An experimental mutagen, teratogen.
Carcinogen, neoplastfc agent
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDSO in Rat » 327 mg/kg
2) Intravenous LDSO in Rat » 54 mg/kg
3) Oral L050 in mouse * 340 mq/kq
-------
3,3'-DIMETHYL BENZIDINE
SYNONYM
0-Tolidine
USE/OCCURRENCE
Dyes manufacture; a sensitive reagent for gold determination
and far free chlorine'in water
HEALTH EFFECTS " _
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in Rat » 404 mg/kg
2) Oral LDLo in dog « 600 mg/kg
TLV/THA - N.A.
-------
DIMETHYLCARBAWOYLCHIJORIDE
STRUCTURE
d1 methyl carbamyl chloride _
n,n-0imethyl Carbonyl Chloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) A lachryraator (tear-producing agent)
3) Produces strong local irritating action
4) Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and
corrosive fumes
5) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in Rat • 1000 mg/kg
2} Inhalation LCLo in mouse - 1000 mg/nr for 10 minutes
3) Intrapen'toneal L050 in mouse * 300 mg/kg
N-A. (potential human carcinogen)
-------
U-DIMEIWUiYDRAHNE
SYNONYM . STRUCTURE
N, N - dimethyl hydrazine (CH3)2 NNH2 • HCT
USE/OCCURRENCE •
Base in rocket fuel formulation ._ •
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC) ..
2) FLAMMABLE LIOJJID (DOT); the DOT label is FLAMMABLE LIQUID and POISON
3) Highly corrosive and irritating to skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and
upper respiratory tract
4) An experimental m vita gen
5) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes
6) A sensitization dermatitis may be produced
'7) A. convulsant poison
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LC50 in Rat - 252 ppm/4H
2) Intraperi tonal LD50 in Rat * 102 mg/kg
3) Inhalation LC50 in Mouse « 172 ppm for 4 hours
TL7/TWA » 1 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
1,2-DJramJflDRAZIfE
STRUCTURE
N, N1 - dimethylhydrazine CH3~NH-NH-CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN. (IARC)
2) An experimental mutagen
3) See 1,1^DIMZTHYLHYDRA2INZ listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in Rat » 100 mg/kg
2) Inhalation LCLo in Rat » 280 ppm for 4 hours
3) Intramuscular L050 in Hamster » 95 mg/tcg
-------
CARBQNYU-QXIME
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Thiofanox . CgH-igN-O-S
ffacamox
USE/OCCURRENCE
Carbamate insecticide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Highly toxic via oral route
2) Cholinesterase inhibitor (reversible action)
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat »8500 ;»g/1cg
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit * 39 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » A/.>1.
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
N - nitrosodimethylamine CH3^s.
DMN • ru ^m *
USE/OCCURRENCE
Interraedfate 1n the formation of dimethylhydrazine, rubber industry chemical;
a component of tobacco smoke; environmental occurrence and formation
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) A highly potent carcinogen in animals via ingestion or inhalation
(liver, kidney and lung tumors)
3) Highly toxic in most species, including man
4) Exposure nay result in nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
fera, weakness, and jaundice
5} Chronic exposure may result in Hver damage .
6) An experimental mutagen
TQXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat * 26 mg/kg
2) Oral LDLo in dog * 20 mg/kg
TLV/TWA -
N.A. (OSHA - carcinogen)
-------
ALPHA, ALPHA-DIMETHYLPHENETHYLAMIHE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Phentermine
Phenyl - tart butyl ami ne /^\ T 3
CH2-C—NH2
CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE
Anorexigenie agent
HEALTH EFFECTS
TOXICITY DATA
1} Intravenous LD50 in mouse * 14 mg/kg
2) Oral 1050 in mouse * 105 mg/kg
3) Intraperitoneal L050 in mouse * 71 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » M.A.
-------
2,MIMETHYLPHE10L
SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
2, 4 - xylenol
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical Intermediate in a number of industrial and agricultural products;
occurs naturally in tea, tobacco, and marijuana; used is cha
preparation, of coal tar disinfectants (xylenol)
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Absorbed readily through the skin
2) Chronic exposure in a rat study led to liver, spleen, kidney, and
heart damage
3) May be a cancer-promoting agent
4) May inhibit vasoconstriction
TOXICITY PATA
1) Oral 1050 in rat » 3200 rag/kg
2) Orat LOSO in mouse * 309 mg/kg
3) Dermal LD50 in rat » 1040 mg/kg
-------
• DDEIHVL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
phthalic acfd dimethyl ester
methyl phthalate
OMP
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent and plasttcfzer for cellulose acetate, Insect repel!ant; environmental
contamination may occur through, leaching from plastics
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Route of Entry: Inhalation of dust, fume or vapor
2} A potent irritant of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract
3} Repeated exposure may result in bronchitis, emphysema, allergic asthma,
and chronic eye irritation
4) An experimental mutagen and teratogen
5} One experimental study has Indicated kidney damage as a result of chronic
exposures
5} A comparison of LDSD val*uss in mice after intraperitoneal dosing for a
series of phthalate esters shoved dimethyl phthalate was the most toxic
of the compounds tested
7) Ingestion. aray result, la CNS depression
8) Hot appreciably absorbed through the skin
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 6900 mg/kg
2! Tntraperitoneal LD50 in rat » 3375 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 fn raBbft » 4400 mg/kg
4} 119 mg is an eye irrftant dose in rabbit
-------
DIMETHYL SULFATE
SYNONT.M STRUCTURE
sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester (CH3)2S04
USE/OCCURRENCE-
Used in the manufacture of methyl esters, ethers, and amines,
in dyes, drugs, perfumes, phenol derivatives and other
organic chemicals; a war gas
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) CORROSIVE MATERIAL (DOT); the DOT label is CORROSIVE AND POISON
3) The liquid is highly irritating to eyes, mucous mem-
branes, and skin: may cause skin vessiculation
4) Lesions are slow healing and may result in scar tissue
formation
5) An experimental mutagen and carcinogen
6) No symptoms nay be apparent until toxic quantities have
been absorbed
7) Dermal absorption may result in poisoning
8) Following a latent period, vapor exposures may result
in severe inflammation and necrosis of eyes, mouth,
respiratory tract with possible fatal pulmonary damage
9) Symptoms of chronic poisoning may include prostration,
convulsions, delirium, paralysis, coma, and damage to
liver, kidney, and heart
TOXICITT DATA
1) Inhalation LDLo in human - 97 ppm for 10 minutes
2) Inhalation LCLo in rat - 32 ppm for 4 hours
3) Oral LDLo in rabbit- 45 mg/kg
4) Inhalation LCLo in mouse * 75 ppm for 17 minutes
5) Oral LD50 in rat - 440 mg/kg
6) 50 ug for 24 hours is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
7) 50 mg for 24 hours is a severe skin irritant in rabbit
TLV/TWA - 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
DINrTRGBEHZENE, N.O.S.
SYNONYM
o-dini trobenzene
ra-dinitrobenzene
'p-dam-J trobenzene
USg/OCCURRgNCg
(o-isomer)
(m-1soroer) (p-isoraer)
Olnitrobenzenes are used 1n dyestuffs, explosives, celluloid production; of
the three isomers of d1nitrobenzene, the meta-forra (m-) 1s the most widely used
HEALTH EFFECTS -— - -
1) 01 nitrobenzene, solid, 1s a POISON 8 (-SOT); the DOT label requirement 1s
POISON
2) 01 nitrobenzene 1s readily absorbed through Intact skin and also via
Inhalation
3) The most potent raethemoglobin-forming compound among the nltroaromatlcs;
rapid cyanosis may result following exposure
4} .Exposure may produce methemoglob1nem1a with resultant headache, Irritability,
dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, drowsiness, unconsciousness,
and possible death: other sumptoms of exposure may Include a bitter almond
taste or burning sensation in the mouth, dry throat, thrfst, reduced vision,
liver damage, hearing loss, and ringing of the ears
5) Repeated or excessive exposures may result in anemia
6) Toxic effects are Intensified by alcohol consuption. sunlight, or hot baths
7) Contact with dinltrooenzenes-oay result 1n a yellowish discoloration
of the skfn, eyes,, and hair
8) The o-fsomer Is highly explosive, and when heated to decomposition,
emits highly toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and explodes
9) The m-fsomer is an experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Dermal TDLo in man producing blood effects * 4 mg/kg_for 2 days
.• (intermittant exposure) (ra-isoner)
2) Oral 1050 in wild bird » 42 mg/kg (ra-isomer)
3) Oral LOLo in cat » 27 mg/kg (m-isomer)
4} Oral LDLo in cat » 29 mg/kg (p-isoraer)
Tl.V/TWA «» 1 mg/ra (all isomers of dinitrobenzene)
-------
M-DINITRQBENZENE
See DINITROBENZENE listing
-------
^5-DIMITRD-O-CRESOL tf!D SALTS
STRUCTURE
DNOC OH
3, 5 - dinitro - 2 - hydroxy toluene
3, 5 - dinitro - 0 - cresol
USE/OCCURRENCE
Used primarily as a blossom thinning agent on fruit trees and as a fungicide,
insecticide and miticide on fruit trees during the dormant season;
HEALTH EFFECTS
1). Readily absorbed via the skin, respiratory tract, and GI tract
2} Human use of ONQC as a dieting aid has resulted in reported poisonings at
accepted therepatic dose levels: overdoses have resulted in some cases of
cataract formation
31 An uncoi'pler of oxidative phosohorylation; a cumulative poison
4) Dermal exposures may result in local necrosis -and toxic
systemic effects
5) Symptoms of exposure are similar to those seen with di-
rtier ophenol, .but more toxicity .s«.en
TOXICITY DATA
11 Inhalation TCLo in human producing CNS effects * 1 mg/m'
2J LDLo 1n man * 29 mg/kg (unknown route of administration I
3) Oral LDSO in rat » 10 mg/kg
4) Dermal L050 in rat » 200 mg/kg
51 Oral LDSO in mouse » 47 mg/kg'
TIV/THA - 0.2 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
2^-DINITRQPHBO.
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
2,4-ONP
HC2
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate in explosives, pesticides, dyes, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Dinitrophenol solution is a (DOT). POISON 8; the DOT label is POISON
2) Readily abosrbed orally, dermally, and via Inhalation
3) Acute poisoning leads to rapid respiration, nausea, headache, possible
jaundice and death
4) Phytotoxic
5) When used as a human dieting aid, has led to cataract formation
6) May see yellow staining of skin with dermatitis
7) An experimental mutagen
TQXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human » 4300 Mg/kg ~~
2) Oral LD50 in rat » 30 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in dog * 30 mg/kg
4) Oral LDSO in bird - 13 mg/kg
5) 300 mg over 4 weeks (intermittant) is a mild skin irritant in rabbit
TLV/TWA » N.A.
-------
2,4-DINITROTOLUENE
SYNOHYM
dinttrotoluol
DNT
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
Intermediate In the manufacture of explosives and dyes 1n organic synthesis
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CA6)
2) Known to be absorbed via Inhalation and dermal routes
3) Can produce anoxia due to the formation of methemoglobln, cyanosis
can result with headache, dizziness, vomiting, etc., and death will
result if not treated
4>) An Irritant and allergen
5) Can cause anemia and liver damage
6) A experimental mutagen
TOXICITY HATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 268 rag/kg
2) Oral LOSO in mouse * 1525 rag/kg
TL7/TWA - 1.5 rng/nr (skin)
-------
2,WHNITROTOUJENE
SYNONYM
USE/OCCURRENCE
Dinitrotoluene Isomers are Intermediates in the manufacture of toluene
dlisocyanates, toluenediamides, and trinitrotoluene; ingredient in explosives
manufacturing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Routes of entry include oral and inhalation routes and absorption
through the skin
2) Exposure may result in anoxia (severe lack of oxygen) due to the
formation of methemoglobin; other effects include cyanosis with headache,
dizziness, nausea, unconsciousness and possible death depending on dose
3) Chronic exposure may result in anemia
4) Repeated dosing in experimental studies have resulted in decreased
muscular coordination, weight loss, decreased appetite,
methemoglobinemia, anemia, tissue lesions in the liver, spleen, brain
and tastes.
5) Experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 177 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse » 1000 mg/kg
TLV/TWA * 1-5 mg/m (as dinitrotoluene)
-------
DI-N-OCTYL RflHAWIE
STRUCTURE
Octyl Phthalate CO,CH,CH(C,H-)C.H
OOP 2 2 2 i 4
di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate
USE/OCCURRENCE .
Platicizer in plastics production; environmental contaminant resulting from
leaching, volatilization, and incineration of plastics
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Experimental teratogen which has also produced other reproductive
effects in animal models
TOXrCITY DATA
1} 5 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
2) 500 mg for 24 hours is a mild skin irritant in rabbit
3) Oral LD50 in.rat » 31 gm/kg (di-sec-octyl phthalate)
4) Dermal 1050 in rabbit * 25 gra/kg (di-sec-octyl phthalate)
TLV/THA * 5 mg/m3 (di-sec-octyl pnthalate)
-------
SYNONYM
1,4-Oiethylene dioxide
1,4-D1oxane
Glycol ethylene ether
para-dioxane
USE/OCCURRENCE .
Solvent for cellulose compounds, resins, oils, waxes, fats, dyes, paints,
lacquers, mineral oil, etc; wetting and dispersing agent; used in paint and
varnish strippers, and in the preparation of hlstological slides
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC/NCI)
2) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT); same DOT label
3) A skin and eye irritant
4) May be absorbed through the skin and produce systemic toxicity
5) Fatal industrial poisonings have been reported showing lung and brain
congestion, and liver and kidney damage; death resulting from acute
.inflammation of the kidney; repeated exposure to low concentrations
has resulted in human fatalities
6) Acute exposures may result in eye and nose irritation, headache,
drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting
7) Chronic exposure symptoms may include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, malaise, liver enlargement, kidney damage, and death
8) May form explosive peroxides during storage
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 4200 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit - 7600 mg/kg
3) 300 ppm-for 15 minutes is an Irritant dose in human eye
4) Inhalation LDLo in human * 470 ppm for 3 days
.5) Inhalation TCLo producing eye effects » 5500 ppm for 1 minute
6) Inhalation LD50 in rat * 46 grams/m for 2 hours
TLV/THA * 180 mg/m3 (skin) (technical grade dioxane)
-------
DIPHENYLAMINE
SYNONYM
phenylaniline
anilinobenzene
OPA
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate, stabilizer,
dyes manufacture
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Experimental teratogen
2} When heated to decomposition/ emits
highly toxic fumes
3) May cause mucous membrane irritation
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L3U in rat » 3000 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in guinea pigs * 300 mg/kg
TLV/TMA
10 mg/nT
-------
L2-DIPHENYUIYDRAZINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
JP5 . HN NH
hydrazobenzene .
N, N'-bianiline
USE/OCCURRENCE •
Intermediate in the synthesis of benzidlne for use in dyes *nd phenyl
butazone (anti-arthritic drug)
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) Experimental studies have indicated that one metabolite of diphenyl
hydrazine is benzidine, a known carcinogen
3) Chronic exposures in experimental studies have resulted in liver and
kidney damage
TOXrCITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 301 mg/kg
-------
Di-M-PRDPYUIITRDSflHIIE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
N-nitrosodipropylamine H r
OPN . 7 3 •> N-N-0
H,C, ^
USE/OCCURRENCE
Nitrosominss can be readily synthesized by the Interaction of common
precursors, nitrites or oxides of nitrogen, and amines: this process of
nitrosation may take place 1n the environment, within the digestive systems
of higher organisms, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Experimental carcinogen, neoplastic agent, and mutagen
3) See NIZROSAMIHE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat « 480 mg/kg
TLV/THA » N.A.
-------
DISULFOTON
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
0,0-diethyl-s-2-(Ethy1thio) HgC-O S
ethyl phosphorodi thioate ^» ji __ s __ CH CH S — C H
urn "^"^ 22 25
Disyston H5C2°
Demeton
USE/OCCURRENCE •
Agricultural Insecticide used mainly to control sucking insects such as
aphids and plant feeding mites
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A highly toxic organophosphorus insectide which produces symptoms of
central and peripheral na^ouS system toxicity following sublethal dose
exposures
2) Causes anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive salivation,
bronchoconstriction, muscle twitching, convulsions, coma, and respiratory
failure
3) Readily absorbed through skin
4) Choiinesterase inhibitor
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human is estimated to be 5 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in rat * 5 mg/kg
3) Dermal LD50 in rat » 6 mg/kg
4} Oral LD50 in mouse * 5500 mg/kg
3
TLV/TWA * O.l mg/nT (skin)
-------
2,4-DITHIOBIURET
SYNONYM
2-Thio-l-(Thiacarbamoyl-
urea).
STRUCTURE
NH2CSNHCSNH2
USE/OCCURRENCES
Use as plasticizer, rubber, accelerator,
intermeidate 1n resin manufacturing.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) High toacicity via oral route
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 5 rag/kg
2) Intraperitoneal LDLo in rat * 80 mg/kg
TL77TVA - N.A.
-------
ENDOSULFAN
SYNONYM
hexachlorohexahydromethano -
2,4,3-benzd1oxath1epin 3-oxide
Thiodan
USE/OCCURRENCE
Broad spectrum insecticide of the organo-
chlorocyclodlene group, ." an
acarlclte; on USEPA restricted 11st.
STRUCTURE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Slowly and Incompletely absorbed from the
mammalian tract In the undiluted form;
absorption Increased when dissolved in
(cottonseed) oil.
2) At high levels of exposure, see CNS
toxlclty: Endosulfan is a convulsant and
causes fainting, tremors, mental confusion
irritability, difficulty in urination, loss
of memory, and Impairment of visual-motor
coordination.
3) High levels seen 1n liver and kidney after
poisoning (human).
4) Chronic effects are manifested in CNS dlsordsri
5) Chronic exposures in experimental studies have
resulted in kidney damage, parathyroid hyperplasia
(overgrowth), testicular atrophy, and lowered..
survival rates. .
6) A nonspecific inducer of drug metabolizing
enzymes.
7) Has been reported to be an experimental teratpgen and
neoplastlc agent.
3) Does not accumulate slgificantly in human tissue.
9) See DIELQRIN listing:
-------
ENDOSULFAiN (CONT.)
TOXICITf DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat - 18 dig/kg.
2) Dermal UJ50 in rat « 74 mg/kg
3) Dermal LD50 In rabbit » 167 mg/kg
TLV TWA » 100 ug/m3 (skin)
-------
BDRIN
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
hexach1oroepoxyoctahydro-endo,
endo-dimethanonaphthalene
USE/OCCURRENCE
Broad spectrum pesticide of the polycychic
chlorinated cyclodrine group; also see
DIELDR-IN and ALDRIN; use restricted by
USEPA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Known to absorbed via the skin, lungs, and
'61 tract
2) Notsignificantly stored in human tissues; one
of the least persistent chlorinated hydrocarbon
pesticides
3) More toxic than other cyclodrine insecticides in
both acute and chronic studies
4) Human poisoning have resulted in convulsions, vomiting,
mental confusion, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness,
muscle twitching, and headache; such symptoms have
resulted from exposure to doses as low as 0.2 mg/kg
body weight; death may result as a consequence of
respiratory failure (see next page)
TOXICITY DATA
•^^^^•••iHMM^HMWBMHBV • i
1) Oral L050 in rat 3 3 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rat * 12 rag/kg
3) Oral LD50 in rabbit » 7 mg/kg
4) Dermal LD50 in rabbit * 60 mg/kg
TLV/TWA « 0.1 mg/m3
-------
ENDRIN (CONT.)
HEALTH EFFECTS - cont'd
5) In experimental studies, chronic exposures have resulted
in CNS toxicity, convulsions, lung, liver, kidney, and
heart changes
6) An experimental teratogen which also has caused other
reproductive effects
-------
EPICHLOROHYDRIN
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
l-chloro-2,3-epoxy propane
H2
-------
.ETHYL GARB/TOE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
urethane tJH.COOC^He
.carbamic acid, ethyl ester
USE/OCCURRENCE :
Solvent, chemical intermediate in resin production: monomer fn polyurethane
production
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental mutagen, neoplastic agent, and teratogen
3>) Causes depression of bone marrow and occasionally focal degeneration in
the brain: can also produce CNS depression, nausea, and vomiting
4} Emits toxic fumes when heated
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in mouse » 2500 mg/kg
2) Intraperitoneal LDSO in rat « 1500 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » N.A.
-------
ETHYL CYAfllDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
propionitrile CH CH
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Route of Entry: Oral, inhalation, and dermal
2) SEE CYANIDE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat « 39 mg/kg
2) Dermal 1050 in rabbit » 210 rag/kg
3) Inhalation LCLo in rat = 500 ppm for 4 hours
JLV/JWA. N.A.
-------
EIHVLBeiSDITHIXWfWESCEBDO
SYNONYM
Nabam (disodium salt)
Ma neb
Zineb
STRUCTURE
C4H6fl2S4 ' 2Na (Nabaffl)
C4H6N2S4 ' Mn
C4H6N
2S4
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Carfaamate pesticides
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Both the zinc and maganese derivatives are suspected animal carcinogens
(IARC) and have been reported to be experimental teratogens,
2) Cholinesterase inhibitors
3) Symptoms of carbamate pesticide poisoning may include blurred vision,
nausea, blood pressure changes, vomiting and profuse sweating
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat * 395 mg/kg (disodium ethylenebis(Nabam dithiocarbamate)
2) Oral LDSO in rat » 4500 mg/kg (manganese ethylenefais(dithiocarbamate),
maneb) .
3) Oral LDSO in rat » 5200 mg/kg (zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate, zineb)
N.A.
-------
ETWIBE BICHLORIDE
See: 1,2-OICHLOROETHANE listing
-------
ETHYLENEIMJNE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
dimethylenimine fyH
axacyclopropane u ..
ngv*
USE/OCCURRENCE
Manufacture of triethylenenrilamine; used in
organic syntnesesis, a fumigant base, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Irritating to eyes, mucous membranes
3) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 15 mg/kg
2) Inhalation LCLo in rat « 25 mg/kg
3) Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat » 3800 ug/kg
4) Dermal L050 in guinea pig » 14 mg/kg
5) 2 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
6) 10 mg for 24 hours is a skin irritant in rabbit
1 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
ETKYLBiE DIAHINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
1,2-01aminoethane HN CH CH
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, an emulsiRer for casein, chemical
Intermediate, and insecticides and resins, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT); same label requirements
2) Entry Route: by Inhalation or vapors and percutaneous
absorption
3) May cause irritation of the nose and tingling of the
face
4) Animals exposed to high concentration suffered irritation
of the eye and cornea! damage; and damage to liver, lungs
and kidneys
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo 1n human resulting 1n irritation
effects a 200 ppm
2) Inhalation LC50 in rat a 4000 ppm/8H
3) Dermal LC50 in rabbit » 730 mg/kg
4) 675 ug is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
5) 10 mg for 24 hours is a severe skin irritant
in rabbit
TLY/TWA « 25 mg/m3
-------
ETHYLENE OXIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
1,2-Epoxyethane
dimethylene / \
oxirane CH—C
USE/OCCURRENCE
As an intermediate in organic synthesis,
fumlgant foe food stuffs, textiles, an.
agriculture/ fungicide , a sterilization agent
for surgical instruments
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT); same DOT label
requirement
2) Entry Route: Inhalation of gas
3) Irritant of moist skin, and eyes
4) Acute exposure may result in frostbite
5) .An experimental teratogen, mutagen, and
neoplastic agent
TOXICITY DATA
T) Inhalation TCLo in human producing irritant
effects « 12,500 ppm for 10 seconds
2) A 1% solution for 7 seconds is a skin irritant
in human
3) Oral LD50 in rat = 72 mg/kg
4) Inhalation LC50 1n rat * 1462 ppm/4 hours
5) Inhalation LC50 in mouse * 836 ppm/4 hours
6) Intraveous LDLo in rabbit * 175 mg/kg
7J Oral LD50 in Guinea pig * 270 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » 90 mg/nt3
-------
ETHYLENE THIO UREA
SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
2-Imidazol idinethione H
1 ,3-Ethylene-e-Thfo. M
'
NH
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental teratogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 1n rat » 1832 mg/kg
-------
ETHYL flEIMNESULRlJATE
STRUCTURE
methanesulfonic acid, ethyl ester CH,S07-0-CH,CH
EMS J * *
USE/OCCURRENCE •
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN.(IARC)
2) Experimental mutagen and teratogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Intraperitoneal LDLo in mouse * 200 mg/kg
-------
FLUCRANTHBIE
SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
benzo( jk)fluorene
:ori
USE/OCCURRENCE
See TARS listing;
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found
in air pollution studies;
ubiquitous in the environment
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A possible animal neoplastic or
cocarcinogenic agent
2) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat * 2000 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 3180 mg/kg
TLV/THA a N.A.
-------
FLUORINE
STRUCTURE
F~
USE/OCCURRENCE .
Used in the conversion of uranium tetrafluoride to uranium frexafluoride,
in the synthesis of organic and inorganic fluorine compounds, and as an
oxidizer in rocket fuel; -pesticide use of sodium fluoride restricted by
USEPA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) NONFLAMMABLE SAS (DOT); the DOT label is POISON and OXIDIZER
2) Primary irritant of skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and lungs; thermal
or chemical burns may result from contact
3) Nosebleeds and sinus trouble may result from low level exposures in air,
higher concentrations may lead to bronchospasms, laryngospasms,
pulmonary edema, and possible 61 symptoms
4) . 25 ppm exposure level has led to sore throat, chest pain, irreparable
lung damage and death
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LC50 in rat » 185 ppm for 1 hour
2) Inhalation LC50 in rabbit * 270 ppm for 30 minutes
3) 25 ppm for 5 minutes is a mild eye irritant in human
2 mg/m
-------
2-FLUOfmH/WEE
STRUCTURE
Compound 1081 F-CH2-CO-NH2
USE/OCCURRENCE .
Rodenticide; use restricted by USEPA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Highly toxic via oral route
TOXICITY QATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat « 5750 u,g/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rat » 80 mg/kg
3) Oral L050 in mouse * 31 mg/kg
4) L050 in mammal (unknown route) » 4 mg/kg
* M.A.
-------
ACID, SODIUM SPLT
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Compound 1080 o
sodium fluoroacetate Jj
F-CH2-C-ONa
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Rodenticide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A highly toxic poison which causes CNS stimulation (convulsions) and
cardiac arrhythmias: dangerous dose for man » 0.5-2 mg/kg
2) Rapidly absorbed via the GI tract, but only slowly through uncut skin
3) Early symptoms of poisoning includes nausea and mental apprehension,
followed by convulsions,. heart irregularities, and death
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human » 714 ug/kg
2) Oral LD50 in rat - 220 ug/kg
3) Oral 1050 in.mouse » 4 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » 0.05 mg/m
-------
SYNONYM
formalin
methylene oxide
USE/OCCURRENCE
Fungicide, embalming fluid, chemical intermediate, etc.; released from
home insulation resins; found in photo chemical smog, in incineration and
combustion processes
HEALTH EFFECTS ,
1) COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID (DOT); no label requirement
2) Readily ab orbed via the lungs and GI tract, may also enter the body
via skin and eyes
3) A primary irritant, 4-5 ppm concentrations are intolerable to most
peopl e
4) Gas may cause severe irritation of the mucous membranes of the
respiratory tract and eyes
5) Inhalation'exposures may result in uticaria (hives)
5) Formalin solution exposures may lead to eye burns, and cause severe
irritation of the mouth, throat, and stomach after ingestion
7) An experimental carcinogen and mutagen
3) Bioaccumulation unlikely; it is very reactive
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in woman » 36 mg/kg 3
2) Inahlation TOLo in man producing an irritant effect » 17 mg/m for 30
minutes
3) LDLo in man * 477 mg/kg (unknown route)
4) Oral LD50 in rat » 800 rag/kg
5) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 270 mg/kg
6) 4 ppm for 5 minutes is an irritating does in human eye
7) 750 ug is a severe eye irritant dose in rabbit
3) 540 mg is a mild skin irritant (open) in rabbit
3 mg/m
-------
FORMIC
STRUCTURE
methanolc acid o
hydrogen carboxylic acid II
formyllc acid ' HC-OH
USE/OCCURRENCE
A strong reducing agent, a decalcifier; used in wool dyeing, "electroplating,
leather operations; a chemical intermediate, etc..; occurs naturally in
stinging insects, plants, and in some foods; has been reported to migrate into
foods from packaging materials
HEALTH EFFECTS - - - -
1) CORROSIVE MATERIAL (DOT); the DOT label is CORROSIVE
2) Absorbed via ingestion, inhalation, and via the skin
3) A severe irritant of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes: exposure may
result in lacrimatfon, Increased nasal discharge, cough, throat discomfort,
erythema (skin redness) and blistering
4) Ingestion of formic acid has led to severe poisoning and deaths:
symptoms may include salivation, vomiting, burning sensation in the
mouth, bloody vomiting, diarrhea, pain, shock, breathing difficulties,
kidney failure, circulatory collapse, and secondary ischemic lesions
in the liver and heart.
5) Chronic exposures have been reported to result in albuminuria and
hematuria
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 1210 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse * 1100 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in dog > 4000 mg/kg
4) 122 mg is a severe eye irritant dose in rabbit
5) 610 mg is a mild skin (open) irritant dose in rabbit
9 mg/m
-------
GLYCIDY1ACEHYDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
CHH6°2
US1/QCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A strong Irritant of skin, eyes, and mucous
membranes
2) Large doses have resulted in convulsions
in experimental animals
3) Chronic injections have Ted to bone
marrow depression in experimental studies
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/THA
-------
HALOMEIWNE, N.O.S,
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
various various
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chlorinated-, brominated-, and flourainated-
methans have be used as fumigants, solvents,
regrigeiants, and in fire extinguishers
HEALTH EFFECTS
1} See listings for individual halomethanes
2) Acute toxicity results in CMS depression
and liver damage with the fluorohalomethanes
3) Several halomethanes have been shown to be
mutagenic in the Ames assay.
4) Epidemiologic studies have shown some type of
association between trihalomethane levels in
drinking water and increased cancer rates
TOXICITY DATA
See individual listings
TLV/TWA • See individual listi'ngsi
-------
HEPTACHLQR
SYNONYM " STRUCTURE
heptachl orotetrahydro- Cl Cl
4,7-methanoindene
CT
USE/OCCURRENCE .
A chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide;
persists in the environment; use restricted
by USEPA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGEMC (CAG)
2} Readily absorbed from the GI tract
3) Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide act
on the CNS causing dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, which can progress to severe
irritability, convulsive seizures, coma,
or death
4) Acute exposure causes liver damage, while
chronic doses in exp. animal have also lead
to liver damage.
5) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY HATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 40 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit = 2000 mg/kg
3) Dermal LD50 in rat * 119 mg/kg
4} Oral LD50 in mouse » 68 mg/kg
TLV/TWA =» 0.5 mg/m3
-------
HEPTfflDR EPQXIBE
SYNONYM
hlptachlor expoxlde
STRUCTURE
d-B-, and r-lsomers
of heptachlor epoxlde
USE/OCCURRENCE
The principal metabolite of heptachlor In
micro-organisms, soil, plants, animals, and
probably man
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Readily absorbed via the S.I. tract
2) More acutety toxic than heptachlor
3) An experimental mutagen and carcinogen
4) Relatively perslstant 1n the environment
and will bioconcentrate
5) See HEPTACHLOR listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 1n rat » 62 mg/kg
2) Oral LDLo In mouse » 40 mg/kg
TLV/THA » Q.5 mg/m3 (as heptachlor)
-------
SYNONYM
perch!orobenzene
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE-
Fungicide, plasticizer for PCV, flame retardant; a waste by-product of
chlorinated hydrocarbon production; released Into the atmosphere by various
industrial facilities and waste dumps; degraded in the environment very
slowly
HEALTH EFFECTS
1} CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) Readily absorbed in the presence of lipid material
3) Human poisonings (via ingestion of treated wheat) have resulted in toxic
porphyria cutanea tarda (metabolism disturbances) showing skin symptoms
of photo sensitivity, deep scarring, bulbae formation, permanent loss
of hair, and skin atrophy
4) Chronic exposure can lead to hepatic and spleen damage
5) Experimental teratogen; can pass the pal cental barrier and produce
toxic or lethal effects on the fetus
6] Stored for long periods of time in adipose tissue
TOXICITY DATA
1) LDLo in man * 220 mg/kg (unknown route of adminstration)
2) Oral LD50 in rat » 10,000 mg/kg
TLV/THA • N.A.
-------
HDWCHLDRCHJraiBE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
HC8D C1-C
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Organic solvent and chemical interim; a
significant -by-product in the manufacture of
chlorinated hydrocarbons; appears to rapidly
absorb to soils
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) Toxic via oral and inhalation routes
3) Target organ during chronic exposure is
the kidney
4) Experimental teratogen
.TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 90 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit - 1211 mg/kg
3) 162 mg a mi'ld irritating does in rabbit
.eye
4) 810 mg for 24 hours a moderately irritating
dose on rabbit skin
TLV/TWA » N.A.
-------
HEXAOJLDRXYCUDifXANE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
HCH C1
benzene hexachloride (.BHC) Cl ^^.Cl
lindane (gamma-isomer) J j
Cl^VCl
A
USE/OCCURRENCE
Broad spectrum organochlorine insecticide, a mixture of 5 configurational
isomers no longer used in the United States, however, imported lindane
(gamma isomer) is used in a wfde range of insecticide appfcations, lindane
use in vaporizers has been cancelled by USEPA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) Unusually soluble in water, absorbed via oral and dermal routes
3) Lindane is the most acutely toxic isomer of HCH
4) HCH is a convulsant
5) Occupational exposure to technical grade HCH has produced headache,
vertigo, and irritation of the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract mucosa,
with reported effects on carbohydrate and Ifpid metabolism
5) Chronic occupational exposure to HCH has been reported to result in toxic
hepatitis
7) Lindane exposures have resulted in CNS irritation, nausea, vomiting,
spasms, weak respiration with cyanosis and blood dyscrasia
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 100 mg/kg
2) Dermal L050 in rat » 900 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in rat » 177 mg/kg (alpha-!indane)
4) Oral L050 in rat * 6000 rag/kg (beta-1 indane)
5) Oral LDSO in rat » 1000 mg/kg (delta-!indane)
5) Oral LDSO in rat » 76 mg/kg (lindane)
7) Oral LDLo in child » 180 mg/kg 0indane)
TLV/THA « 0.5 mg/m3 0indane)
-------
KEXACHLOROCYCLOPEHTADIBIE
' SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
HEX
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical interim in the production of flame
retardants and chlorinated pesticides; polymerizes
at low termperatures between 20-200 C
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Toxic via oral and dermal routes
2) Chronic exposures in animal studies have resulted
in damage to liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, brain,
and skin
3} Effects of human exposure may include eye and mucous
memfarance irritation, lacrimation, salivation, skin
blistering, pulmonary edema, nausea, diarrhea, etc.
TOXIcm HATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 113 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit * 430 mg/kg
3) 100 mg for 5 minutes is a severe irritant
to rabbit__eye
4) 500 mg for 4 hours is a severe irritant to
rabbit skin
5) 10 mg is a severe irritant to monkey skin
TLV/TWA = o.i mg/m3
-------
HEXACHJQROETFANE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
carbon hexachloride CI-CCCl-
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, cleaning and degreasing agent, chenu
interm.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN.(MCI)
2) May see CNS depression as well as liver, kidney,
and heart degeneration as a result of exposure
3) A liver toxicant
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 6000 mg/kg
TLV/THA » 10 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
^^^
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Compound 711 C,,H0C1..
Isodrin IZ 8 5
USE/OCCURRENCE '
An Isomer of aldrin no longer
manufactured
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Experimental studies using this class of
compounds have resulted 1n liyer injury and
acne-1ike rashes
2) See ALDRIN listing
3) Highly toxic via oral and dermal routes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 7 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rat * 23 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in mouse * 8800 tig/kg
4) 'LD50 in mammal (unknown route) » 7 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
SYNONYM
2,2 -emthylenebis
Phisohex
3,4,6-trichlorophenol )
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE'
Topical anti-infective agent for humans, disinfectant for hospital
equipment, broad-spectrum soil fumigant, veterinary anti-helminthic,
ingredient in germicidal soaps.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Absorbed via dermal and oral routes
2) Chronic exposures in humans have resulted in CNS effects including
dipiopia (double vision),'irritability, weakness of lower extremeties
and convulsions
3) In experimental studies has been shown to induce reproductive changes
4) An experimental- teratogen: the compound crosses the placenta
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 60 rag/kg
2) Oral LDLo in child » 250 mg/kg
3) Oral TDLo in woman resulting in CHS effects * 600 mg/kg
4) 50 ing for 24 hours is a mild skin irritant in rabbit
5) 3 mg for 3 days (intemrittant dosing) is a mild skin irritant in human
6) 1250 mg for 24 hours is a mild skin irritant in rabbit
TLV/TMA * N.A.
-------
HEXACHLOROPROPENE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
hexachloropropylene C,C1-
3 6
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A powerful irritant
2) High toxicity via inhalation route
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LC50 in rat - 425 ppm for 30 minutes
2) I ritra peritoneal LD50 in rat » 400 mg/kg
3) Inhalation LC50 in mouse » 300 ppm for 30 minutes
4) Inhalation LCLo in rabbit ' 85 ppm for 30 minutes
N.A.
-------
HEXAETHYL TETRAPHOSPHATE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Ethyl tetraphosphate (C,HC0}CP,07
HETP 2 5 5 4 7
USE/OCCURRENCE
Pesticide mixture of ethyl polyphosphates
containing 12-2055 tetraethyl pyrophosphate
which is the active ingredient; see TETRAETHYL
PYROPHOSPHATE listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B(OOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) Absorbed rapidly through the skin of warm
blooded animals.
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat » 7 rug/kg
2) Dermal LDLo in rat * 2500 ug/kg
3) Oral LD5b in rabbit a 21 mg/kg
4) Intravenous LD50 in rabbit » 690 ug/kg
TLV/TWA « N.A.
-------
HYDRAZINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Hydrazine anhydrous H-NHH-
USE/OCCURRENCE
Use as liquid rocket fuels, and reducing
agent.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) May see absorption via inhalation and
percutaneous routes
3) Highly irritating to the eyes, skin and
upper respiratory tract.
'4) May sea a caustic action on skin and mucous membranes
5) Exposures may r«4«le in. liver and blood effects
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LC50 in rat a 570 ppra/4 hours
2) Intraperitoneal LD5O in rat » 76 rag/kg
3) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 91 mg/kg
.3
TLY/TWA » o.i mg/m (skin) (suspected human carcinogen)
-------
HYDROCYANIC ACID
Sea CYANIDE (HYDROGEN) listing
-------
• HYDROFLUORIC ACID
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
hyarogen fluoride HF
USE/OCCURRENCE
Starting material for production of fluorine compounds,
a catalyst, pesticide, fluorination process component; a
solution of hydrogen fluoride gas in vaterj.a common air
contaminant
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CORROSIVE MATERIAL (DOT)/the DOT. label is CORROSIVE
2) A ' primary irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes,
and lungs: exposure may result in slow healing chemical
burns, nosebleeds, sinus troucle, and systemic effects
of fluoride poisoning after fluorice absorption via
the skin
3) Acute inhalation exposure may produce bronchospasm,
laryngospasm, and pulmonary edema: brief exposure to 25 ppm
has been reported to cause sore throat, chest pain,
irreparable lung damage, and death
4) Ingestion of toxic quantities may result in nausea,
vomiting, diffuse abdominal cramps, diarrhea, CNS effects,
muscle twitching, convulsions, and coma
5) Prolonged (chronic) absorption will result in deposition
of fluorine in bone (osteosclerosis) which can be
visualized by x-ray
5) When heated, emits highly corrosive fumes of fluorides;
will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive
fumes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TDLo in man producing an irritant effect
110 ppm for 1 minute
2) Inhalation LCLo in human = 50 ppm for 30 minutes
3) Inhalation LC50 in rat - 1276 ppm for 1 hour
4) Inhalation LC50 in monkey » 1774 ppm for 1 hour
5) Inhalation LC50 in mouse » 456 ppm for 1 hour
5) Iritraperitoneal LDLo in rat » 25 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » 2.5 rag/m3 (hydrogen fluoride, as F)
-------
HY2ROGEN SULFIEE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Hydrosulfuric Acid
Sulfuretted hydrogen
Stink damp
USE/OCCURRENCE
Used in sulfuric acid and chemical production;
occurs in most petroleum and natural gas deposits;
liberated in coking operations or in the production
of manufactured gases from coal.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1} FLAMMABLE SAS (DOT); the DOT label is FLAMMABLE SAS AND
POISON.
2) Route of entry: Inhalation.
3) Very toxic; can cause death at concentration of 800 —
1,000 ppm in 30 minutes.
4) Low concentrations (50-200 ppm) result in local tissue
irritation, especially inthe eye ("gas eye")
5) Greater exposures may result in cough, dyspnea, and
possible pulmonary edema.
6) Chronic poisoning results in headache, inflammation
of the conjunctiva and eyes, loss of weight and
digestive disturbances.
7) At concentrations of 150 ppm, the olfactory nerve
is paralyzed and the presence of the gas is no
longer sensed.
8) Recovery from acute poisoning may show irreversible
damage to certain cells of the body due to prolonged
oxygen starvation.
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LCLo in human * 600 ppm/30 minutes
2) Inhalation LC50 in rat * 444 ppm
TLY/TWA « 14 mg/m3
-------
HYDRCQUINONE
SYNONYM
quinol
1,4-benzenediol
hydroquinol
USg/OCCURRENCg .
Reducing agent, photographic developer, antioxidant, stabilizer, etc.;
cocklebur weed contains high concentrations of hydroqulnone
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A ]1ver toxicant
2) Oxidation of hydroqulnone may produce qulnone vapor which is highly
irritating - .
3} The dust is a mild primary irritant which may cause dermatitis, may also
lead to eye staining, corneal opacity, and loss of visual ac<*.J ty after
prolonged exposures to concentrations not high enough to produce
systemic effects
4) Oral ingestion of 1 gram may result in blurred speech, tinnitus
(ringing in the ears), tremors, a sense of suffocation, vomiting,
muscular twitching, headache, convulsions, dyspnea, cyanosis
(methemoglobinemia), dark-colored urine, coma, and collapse from
respiratory failure: death has been reported to have resulted after
ingestion of 5 grams of hydroquinone
5} An active allergen
6) No systemic symptoms have been reported following inhalation of
hydroquinone dust
7) More toxic than phenol, inhalation of vapor, especially at high
temperature, must be avoided
TOXrCITY DATA
1) Oral LOLo in human * 29 nig/Ice,
2) Oral L050 in rat » 320 rag/kg
3} Oral 1050 in mouse * 400 mg/kg
4) Ora^LOSO-Tin dog * 200 mg/kg
5) Intravenous 1050 in rat * 115 mg/kg
mg/m
-------
INEDCL2>CD)PflBE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
2,3-phenylenepyrene
USE/OCCURRENCE.
A PAH formed from incomplete combustion
of organic material; ubiquitious in the environment
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINGOGENIC (CAG)
2) A weak carcinogen, but a positive animal
carcinogen and experimental mutagen
3) Little likelihood of bioaccumulation due
to chronic exposures
TOXICITY DATA
TU/THA » M.A.
-------
IODOMETHANE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
methyl Iodide CH3I
USE/OCCURRENCE
As -imbedding material for examining diatoms, and 1n
testing for pyrldlne; used 1n methylatlons
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) May cause severe narcosis and lung Irritation
following acute exposures
3) An experimental mutagen
41 Vesicant (blistering) burns may result following
extended skin contact
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in rat « 150 ug/kg
2) Inhalation LCLo in rat « 3790 ppm for 15 minutes
3) Dermal LDLo 1n rat » 800 mg/kg
4) Subcutaneous LD50 In mouse * 110 mg/kg
5) 1 gram for 10 minutes 1s a mild skin irritant in human
6) 1 gram for 30 minutes is a mild skin irritant in rat
TLV/TWA - 28 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
DEXTRAN (COMPLEX)
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Imferon the approximate
MW * 180,000
USE/OCCURRENCE
Parsnteral iron preparation
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental carcinogen and neoplastic agent
TCXICITY DATA
1) Intraperitoneal LDLo in rat a 2500 mg(Fe)/kg
2) Intravenous LD50 in mouse » 1000 mg(Fe)/kg
TLV/TVA - N.A.
-------
ISOBUIMX
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
isobutylalcohol (CH)
USE/OCCURRENCE •'
Solvent, chemical Interim
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) An experimental carcinogen
2) Acute human exposure can result in narcotic
effects, eye and throat irritation, and loss
of appetite.
TOXICITY DATA
1} Oral LD50 in rat « 2460 mg/kg
2) Dermal LttSO in rabbit * 4240 mg/kg
3) 2 mg is a severe ittitant in rabbit
4} -500 mg for 24 hours is a moderate dermal
irritant in rabbit
150 mg/m
-------
ISOCYANIC ACID, METHYL ESTER
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Methyl Isoj:yanate CH3NCO
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS .
1) Highly irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes: absorbed via the skin
2) Exposure may result in pulmonary edema
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing an irritant effect » 2ppm
2) Oral LD50 in rat * 71mg/kg
3) Inhalation LC50 in rat » 5ppni/4 hours
4) Dermal LD50 in rabbit = 220 mq/kg
TLV/TWA » 0.05 mg/m^skin)
-------
ISOSAFROLE
SYNONYM
1,2-(methy1enedi oxy)-4-
propenylbenzene
USE/OCCURRENCE CH»CHCH3
Manuf. heliotropin, to modify oriental perfumes, to strengthen soap perfume
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat = 1340 mg/kg
2) Oral L050 in mouse=2470 mg/kg
3) 500 imj for 24 hours is a moderate skin (closed) irritant in rabbit
TLV/TWA * N.A.
-------
KEPONE
SYNONYM
-
decachloroctahydro-1,3,4-methano-
2,4-cyclobuta(cd) pentalen-2-one
chlordecone
USE/OCCURRENCE
STRUCTURE
-----
Cl
Organochlorine Insecticide, 2000 times more soluble In water than nrirex;
environmentally persistant; all registered products containina kepone
were effectively cancelled by May 1, 1978 (USEPA)
HEALTH EFFECTS . __________
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (NCI)
2) . Highly toxic to a variety of organisms
3) Bioconcentrates; stored in liver and fat
tissues in humans and has been found in
mother1 s mil k
4) Toxic effects in huma'ns may include weight
loss, neurologic impairment, abnormal liver
function, skin rash, reproductive failure,
nervousness , cremoc, opsoclonia, hepatomegaly,
and abnormal vCperm morphology
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LCT50 in rat » 95 mg/kg
2) Dermal L050 in rabbit » 345 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in rabbit « 65 mg/kg
4) Oral L050 in dog » 250 mg/kg
5) L050 in mammal * 126 mg/kg
(Unkown route of administration)
TLV/TWA
-------
LASIOCARPINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Heliotridine ester with lasiocarpum and Angelic acid
USE/OCCURRENCE
An alkaloid isolated form H_. Tasiocarpum
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE'ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral 1050 in rat * 150 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » N.A.
-------
LEAD, N.O.S.
See Individual'listings
-------
LEAD ACETATE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
^
Lead (2*)salt
Acetic acid
USE/OCCURRENCE
Topical astringent, was used as a treatment of diarrhea and catorrhal inflammations;
all due to the possibility of lead poisoning
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Absorption may cause lead poisoning
2) An experimental mutagen and teratoaen
3) See LEAD listing
4} Lead acetate produces less of an irritant effect than "other metate salts
TOXICITY DATA
1) Intraperitonal L050 in rat * 204 rag/kg
2) Intraperitonal LQ50 in mouse » 120 mg/kg
3) Intravenous LDLo in rabbit = 50 mg/kg
4) Oral LDLo in dog * 300 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
LEAD, INORGPWIC
STSUCTUag
Pb
USE/OCCURRENCE
Electroplating, metallurgy, construction materials, radiation protection
devices, paints, etc.; stable in the environment due to 'its elemental nature
HEALTH EFFECTS . ...... .
1) A suspected carcinogen of the lungs and kidney
2) Absorption via inhalation and ingestion
3) Once absorbed, lead tends to accumulate in the bone (90% of body builder),
although lead concentrations have been found to be higher in aorta, liver,
lidney, pancreas and lungs
4) Symptoms of acute lead poisoning may include thirst, a marked astringent
effect, a metallic taste, nausea, milky vomiting (lead chloride), black
stools (lead sulfide), and circulatory collapse, which 1s then followed
days later by muscular weakness, acute hemolytic crisis, and kidney
damage
5) Chronic lead poisoning is manifested by CNS effects (enciphalopathy, tremor,
convulsions, intellectual deterioration, etc.), GI symptoms (especially
colic and constipation), blood system changes (including decreased
hemoglobin and red cell production), kidney damage, weakness of extensor
nuscles (wrist or foot drop), skin pallor, loss of weight, and a gum
lead line
6) Exposure has lead to miscarriages and still births among female workers
in the lead industry and to sperm damage among male workers
7) An experimental
TOXrCITY DATA - '
1 ) Oral LDLo in human producing CNS effects « 450 rag/ kg for 6 years
TLV/TtiA » 0.15 mg/m (inorganic lead, fumes and dusts, as Pb)
. 0.15'mg/m (lead arsenate, as Pb)
0.05 mg/m (lead chromate, as Cr; suspected human carcinogen)
-------
LEAD PHOSPHATE
SYNONYM
Lead ft* I. salt(2..3)_ phosphoic acid
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
StabfHlfzer for plastics
HEALTli EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN ClARC)
2) Poisonous
3) See LEAD listing
TOXICITY DATA
-------
LEAD SUBACETATE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Bis Cacetato}tetrahydoxytri Pb(C2H302)
Lead
USE/OCCURRENCE'
In sugar analysis to remove coloring matters and decolorizing other solution
^organic substances
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN
2) See LEAD listing
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/THA « N.A. ' \
-------
LEAD, TETRAETHYL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
TEL Pb (CH
USE/OCCURRENCE •'
Anti-knock additive in gasoline, a common air
pollu-tant
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B(DOT); the DOT label is POISON —
2) Alkyl lead can penetrate the skin without
producing appreciable local injury
3) May be irritating to eyes, skin, and upper
respiratory tract; mild intoxication causes
headache, anxiety, insommia, and minor SI
symptoms with a metallic taste in the mouth
4) The absorption of a sufficient quantity of
TEL may cause acute intoxication of the CNS
leading to encephalopathy (brain disease)
5) Decomposition via exposure to sunlight forms
triethyl lead which also is poisonious
6) An experimental carcinogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) LDLo in man a 1470 ug/kg (unknown route)
2) Oral LDLo in rat » 17 mg/kg
3) Parenteral "LQ50 in rat a 15 mg/kg
4) 'Inhalation LCSO in rat « 850 mg/m for 1 hour
5) Dermal LDLo in rabbit * 830 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » 0.100 mg/m3 (skin)1 (as Pb)
-------
LEAD, TETRWHYL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
TML Pb(CH)
USg/OCCURR£NCg •
Anti-knock additive in gasoline; an
alkyl lead compound
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) An experimental carcinogen
2) Toxic via oral, dermal, and inhalation
routes
3) Alkyl lead intoxication effects mainly the CNS
resulting in anorexia (loss of appetite),
vomiting, and diarrhea; acute poisoning may
result in delirium, hallucinations, convulsions
and coma
4) TML exposure in experimental animals has
resulted in lethargy and coma
5) No cases of TML poisoning have been reported
in humans
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 109 mg/kg
2) Dermal LOLo in rabbit » 3391 mg/kg
TLV/JWA * 0.150 mg/m3 (skin) (is Pb)
-------
MALEIC ANHWRIEE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
2,5- furandione . .
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical Intermediate in production of certain resins, fumar-ic add, and
pesticides; a by-product of phthalic anhydride manufacture
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A possible animal carcinogen __
2) Highly Irritating to skin, eyes, arid mucous membranes ' """"
3) Exposures may result In burns to the eyes and skin, and an allergic
reaction
4) Inhalation of vapors may cause pulmonary edema
5) Chronic exposure may lead to bronchitis and dermatitis
6) Not expected to bioconcentrate
7) Emits toxic fumes when heated
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat - 481 mg/kg
2) Dermal L050 in rabbit » 2520 mg/kg
3) 1% solution is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
2
1 mg/m
-------
MAUDNONITRILE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Cyanacetonitrile CH-(CN)2
methylene dicyanide
USg/OCCURfigNCg •
As a lubricating oil additive, for thiamine
synthesis, for pteridine-type anti-cancer agent
synthesis; use in the treatment of various form
of mental illness to stimulate protein and nucleic
acid production in brain cells
HEALTH EFFECTS _
1) Route of Entry: Inhalation (readily), and
skin absorption
2) May cause headaches, vomiting, muscle spasms,
could hands and feet, facial redness, numbness
and tachycardia
3) Metabolic source of cyanide ion
4) When heated to decomposition, nitriles
emit toxic fumes containing cyanides
5) See CYANIDE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat » 61 mg/kg
2) Subcantaneous in rabbit LDLo * 6 mg/kg
3) 5 mg for 24'hounrs- is a severe eye irritant
.in rabbit
TLV/TWA * N.A.
-------
MELPHALAN
SYNONYM
1) 3-(P-(SisC2-chloroethyl}
aminolphenyl) L-Alanine
2] Sar~colysine
STRUCTURE
HOOCHCH
I
NH2
N(CH2CH2C1)2
USE/OCCURRENCE
Alkylating antintoplastic agent
HEALTH EFFECTS
1)
2)
3)
4)
SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOt
PQSTHVE ANIMAL CARCINOt
:N
May cause, nausea, vomiting and bone marrow depression
An • experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1} Oral TDLo in man producing a carcinogenic effect
(.intermittant dosingj
2\ Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat 3 4484 ug/kg
3) Intraperitoneal LD50 in mouse 3 4mg/kg
67 mg/ka for 4.3 years
N.A.
-------
MERCURY, N.O.S,
See MERCURY, ALKYL, AND MERCURY, NON-AUYL, listings
-------
MERCURY, ALKYL
STRUCTURE
compounds of methyl mercury, Various
ethyl mercury, and methyl
ethyl mercury
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Former uses as.a seed treatment, wood preservative; disinfectant; all
pesticide uses for mercury have been cancelled by USEPA for specific furagicide
applications; short chain alkyl mercury compounds carr be formed from mercury
in the environment by sediment bacteria
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Very efficient absorption vi-a oral and inhalation routes, possible dermal
absorption as well; after absorption found in kidney, brain.and blood
2) Alkyl similar to infantile cerebral palsy has been reported in infants
born to methyl mercury poisoned mothers (flinamata episode)
3) Primary skin irritants, exposures may result in skin burns, dermatitis,
and sensitazation
4) Principal target tissue is the CNS including the brain; chronic poisoning
leads to progressive signs of degeneration with possible constriction of
visual fields as well
5) Experimental teratogen- and mutagen
6) Results from experimental studies have indicated that increased dietary
selenium may decrease the toxicity of methyl mercury in birds and rats
7) When heated to decomposition; emits highly toxic fumes of mercury
TQXrCITY DATA
TLV/TWA » n m nm/m3
0.01 mg/ra Cskin) Calkyl compounds, as Hg)
-------
MERCURY, NON-ALKYL
quicksilver Hg, HgS, HgClg, etc.
cinneban
etc.
USg/OCCURRENCg
Catalyst, bainjt Ingredient, in electrolytic cells, in the chlorinealkali
industry, etc.; released durfng possible fuel use; all pesticide uses for mercury
have been cancelled by US EPA except for specific fungicide applications
HEALTH EFFECTS . .... . . .
1) Inorganic mercury salts and metallic mercury are not well absorbed from
the SI tract 3
2) Efficient absorption via inhalation; exposure to 1.2-8.5 mg Hg/m has
resulted in acute poisoning in man
3) Acute exposure in experimental studies have resulted in severe hemorrhage
of the kidneys, brain, heart colon, and lungs
4) Chronic exposures can produce a variety of CMS symptoms including
sialorrhea (flow of salvia), increased irritability, muscular tumors,
with possible gingivitis, kidney and SI tract disturbances
5) Acute or chronic exposures may lead to" permanent damage of affected tissue
6) Absorbed mercury and ionic mercury concentrates in the kidneys which may
lead to kidney dysfunction '
7) A primary irritant of skin and mucous membranes: Ingestion of mercuric
chloride leads to an ashen-grey appearance of the mouth
8) Acrodynia (pink disease) has resulted in children due to ingestton of
mercury compounds in teething powders or paint
9} Mercury can be transferred to the fetus from an exposed mother:
mercury chloride is an experimental teratogen
10) Bioconcentrates
11) Elemental mercury can be metabolized within the body to an oxidized
form which is more reactive toward tissue ligands
12) When heated, emits highly toxic fumes
TOXIC ITY DATA ' '
1) Inhalation TDLo 1n woman producing CNS effects^ 150 mg/m for 46 days
2) Inhalation LCLo in rabbit - 29 mg/ra for 30 hours
O.QS mg/m Call forms of mercury except alkyl, as Hg)
-------
METHAPYRILENE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
(-2-isomer)
USE/OCCURRENCE '
antihistaminic drug with hypnotic side effects; a common ingredient in
several nonprescription sleeping tablets, including Sleep-eze and
Sominex (Histadyl)
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Symptoms of sedation may include dizziness, dry mouth, fever, flushing,
GI irritation, fixed dilated pupils, nervousness, increased heart
rate, coma, tremors, and convulsions (Histadyl}
TOXICITY DATA
1) Subcutaneous LDSO in rat * 150 mg/kg (-2-isomer)
2) Oral L050 in mouse » 182 mg/kg (-2-isomer)
3) Intraperitoneal LDSO in mouse » 77 mg/kg (-2-isomer)
4) Oral TDLo in human producing CNS effects * 50 mg/kg (-3-isomer)
5) Oral LDSO in rat » 525 mg/kg (-3-isomer)
N.A.
-------
METHQMYL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
S-methyl N-(methylcar6amoyloxy] »
th.ioacetimidate CH3-C»N-0-C-NH-CH3
Lannate I ru
• Nudr-fn S"CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE ' _
Carbamate Insecticide - nematoclde
HEALTH EFFECTS
l\ Readily absorbed via Inhalation OP dermal exposure: almost completely
eliminated from the 5ody within 24 hours
2) Carfaamate pesticides, such as methonyl, have chomergic properties similar
to those of organic phosphates, but of shorter duration; inhibits RBC
and plasma cholinestease activity for approximately 1-2 hours with re-
covery usually in 24-48 hours
3) Reported cases of human poisoning have listed symptoms of respiratory failure,
mfosis, myofbrillary twitching* increasein air way secretions, loss of
consciousness, and reduced serum cholinesterase activity with complications of
pulmonary edema,, hepatitis, and polyneuritis
4) Chronic exposures during experimental studies have resulted in kidney, spleen,
testis, and liver changes
5'} A potential product of the reaction of methomyl with certain nitrogen compounds
in t*ie environment or in mammalian systems is nitrosomethomyl, which is a
TOXICTTY DATA PoteiT(: niutagen, carcinogen, and teratogen
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 17 mg/kg
2) Inhalation LC50 in rat » 77 pom
3) Subcantaneous LOLo in rat • 9 mg/kg
4) Oral LD50 in mouse * 10 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » 2500 ug/m3(skin)
-------
METHOXYCHLOR
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
2.,2-tri s(p-methoxyphenol}-1,1,1-
trichloroethane
CH30
USE/OCCURRENCE ' '
Ogano-chlorine insecticide
HEALTH EFFECTS .
11 Slightly irritating
2) Not readily absorbed through the skin
3) May cause Kidney damage if ingested over long period
4) An experimental teratogen
5) Much less acutely toxic than DDT and presents less of a hazard with
respect to biomagnification and persistence in the environment
61 An estimated fatal.oral, dose (.human) » 7.5" g/kg
7) See DDT Tfsting
.TOXICITY DATA
1} Oral LDLo in human * 6430 mg
2) Dermal TDLo in human producing unspecified effects « 2414mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in rat = 5000 mg/kg
4) Oral LD50 in mouse = 1850 mg/kg
10 mg m3
-------
2-KETHYLAZIRIDINE
STRUCTURE
Propylene imine, H
1,2-Propylenimine ^N>
CH3C
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Chemical intermediate (Basel
HEALTH EFFECTS
11 POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARCI
2). FLAMMABLE LIQUID COOT); same la&el.
3) An experimental mutagen .
41 HTgh toxfcity via dermal. Inhalation, and -oral routes
5) When heated to decomposition, emits toxic fumes of NOx
TQXICITY DATA
1) Oral LO 50 in rat * 19 ma/kg
2). Inhalation LCLo in rat * 500 ppm/4Hour*
3) 250 ug is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
TLV/THA - 5gm/m3Cskinl
-------
3-WETHYLCHLOANTHRENE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
l,2-Dihdro-3-methyl ben.z(j)acenanthryl ene
USE/OCCURRENCE
A PAH-'see Tars listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A potent experimental carcinogen
2) Experimental mutagen and teratogen
ToxiciTY DATA
1) Tntraperitoneal LDLo in mouse * 100 mg/kh
TLV/TWA « N.A.
-------
METHYL CHLORIDE
See CHIOROMETHANE listing
-------
4' -METHYLENE-BIS- (2-CHLQRQANI LI f!E)
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
1) 01(-4 amino-3-cholorphony1)methane
2) 3,3 -Oichloro-4,4'-Dianrinediphony methane
USE/OCCURRENCE
Used in the production of solid elastomerfc parts, curing agent for epoxy resins.
and cross-linked urethane forms in auto seats
HEALTH EFFECTS
1} POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Route & Entry: Inhalation and percutaneous absorption
3) Experiment feeding and rat produced liver and lung cancer; no tumors were
found in dogs
4) No tumors or other illness has been reported from acute exposure in man
5} An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
TLY/TWA * 0-02 ppm(skin) (Susoected Human Carcinogen)
-------
HETHYLEE CHLORIDE
See DICHLOROMETHANE listing
-------
fBHYL EIHYL KEIOE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
butanone 0
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, chemical intermediate, paint remover, etc
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT); same label
2) May see a dermatitis after repeated exposure
3) High vapor concentration may irritate the
conjunctiva and mucous membranes of the eyes,
nose and throat
4) At higher doses can see narcosis with nausea,
light headness, and unconsciousness
5) Limited reports of loss of feeling in fingers
and arms of exposed workers
6) Experimental teratogen
TQXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 3400 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 13 gm/kg
3) Inhalation TCLo in human causing irritant
.effects * 100 ppm for 5 minutes
4) 350 ppm is an irritant does to human eye
5) 80 mg is an irritant dose to human eye -
6) 500 mg for 2* hours is a moderate irritant
onrabbitskin
TLV/TKA » 590 mg/m3
-------
METHYL HYDRAZINE
STRUCTURE
1) Hydrazomethane
2) Tmethyl Hydrazine
USE/OCCURRENCE
Fuel base
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID: (DOT); the DOT label is FLAMMABLE LIQUID and POISON
2) An experimental teratogen, mutagen, neoplastic agent, and carcinogen
TDXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LC50 in rat » 74 ppm/4 hours
2) Dermal LD50 in rat » 183 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in rat • 33 mg/kg
4) Dermal LD50 in rabbit - 95 mg/kg
TLV/TWA * 0.35 mg/m3(sicin)
-------
2-FOWLLACTIOMITR1LE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Acetone cyanohydrin CH3
<*-Hydroxymisobutyronitri1e |
OHCH2-CH-C3N
USE/OCCURRENCE
In .preparative organic chemistry for
transcyanonydri nat i on
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B(DOT); the DOT label is POISON. __
2) May be slightly irritating to the skin and
mucous membranes.
3) Decomposes readily to form hydrogen cyanide,
which is highly toxic.
4) See CYANIDE listing.
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat « 17 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse « 14 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in rabbit - 13500 ug/kg
4) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 17 mg/kg
20SQ
5) Inhalation LCLo in mouse «Amg/m3 for 2 hours
-------
PETHYL fHHAOME
SYNONYM
Methacrylic Add t methyl ester
STRUCTURE
CH,
CH2*C-COO-CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE'
Used 1n manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics, ion exchange resins,
dentures, etc.'
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID(OQT); same label
2) Route of entry: inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption
3) May act as strong irritant
4) Has narcoti-c effects
5) Mutagenic changes have been reported in workers exposed to mixture of
methyl methacrylate and chloroprene
6} Chronic exposures in workers havebeen reported to result in headache,
pain in the extremetles, fatigue, sleep disturbances, loss of memory
and irritability (0.5-50 ppm exposures for several years)
7) An experimental teratogen
3) Chronic exposures in experimental studies have resulted, in liver and
kidney damage
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing irritant effects
2} Inhalation TCLo in human producing CNS effects a 150 mg/m
3) Oral LOLo in rat « 8000 mg/kg
4) Inhalation LC50 in rat » 3750 ppm
5) -Oral LDLo in rabbit * 6550 mg/kg 3
6) Inhalation LCLo in rabbit » 17500 mg/m for 4 hours
TI.V/TWA » 410 mg/m"
-------
METHYL METHANE SULFONATE
SYNONYM • STRUCTURE
methanesulfonic acid
methyl Ester CH$0
USE/OCCURRENCE
Catalyst in polymerization, alkylation and
esterification reaction, and as a solvent
HEALTH EFFECTS
W^HBMMM^^^^^MH^M^^M^ f
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Strong irritant
3) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Subcutaneous L050 in rat » 125 ing/kg
2) Intravenous L050 in rat « 175 mg/kg
3) Intravenous TOLo in rat » 96 mg/kg
N.A. i \
-------
2-MEm-2-(METHYLTHIO) PROPIONALDEHYDE-0-(METHYL CARBONYU
OXIHE
SYNONYM STRUCPJRc
CN, 0
2-methy-2(mthyltnio) propomal, rtl crru
0-(methyl ami no )carbo-nyl )oxime m^un
CN-
'aldlcarb J
temlk
USE/OCCURRENCg
Carbamate insecticide, acariade, and
nematocide for soil use.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Extremely toxic via oral and dermal routes of
exposure
2) A cholinesterase inhibitor
3) See METHOMYL Listing for health effects of
carbonate pesticides
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LQ50 in rat • 1 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rat » 2500 ug/kg
3) Oral LO in mouse • 300 ug/kg
•4) 'Dermal LD50 in rabbit » .HOC mg/kg
JLV/TWA « N.A.
-------
N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-f 1-NITROSCGUANIDINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
1-methyl-3-nitro-l-nitrosoguanidine CHj-N-CNHNO
NO NH
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental mutagen and teratogen
TQXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 90 ing/kg
2} Subcantaneous L050 in rat * 420 mg/kg
3) Oral TOLo in mouse * TOO mg/kg
JLV/JWA » N.A.
-------
MITOWCIN C
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
MHC
ametycin
mitomycin C
NH
USE/OCCURRENCE
£ntineoplastic agent in medicinal usagej Isolated from Strep. £.
HE.i\LTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC and MCI)
TOXICITY HATA
1) Cral LDSO in rat • 14 rag/kg
2) Oral LDSO in mouse » 17 mg/kg
3) 750 ug in human (unknown route of administration) resulted
in blood effects
N.A.
-------
METHYL PARATHION
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
phosphorothfoic acid 0,0 -
dimethyl 0-p-nitro phenyl Ester OCH3
Metron
USE/OCCURRENCE
Organophosphate insecticide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Very toxic via oral route
2) An experimental mutagen and teratogen
3) See PARATHION listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in Rat » 6 mg/kg--
2) Inhalation LC50 in Rat » 120 mg/m for 4 hours
3) Dermal LD50 in 'rabbit « 300 mg/kg
4) Orae ID 50 in mouse » 23 mg/kg
5) Dermal LD50 in rat * 63 mg/kg
TLV/JWA » 0.2 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
METKYLTHIQURACIL
SYNONYM
6-methyl-2-thlouradl
Wuracll
USE/OCCURRENCE
Antlthyrold agent.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCI-NOGEN (IARC)
2) Reported to be a human teratogen
3} Side effects may include drug fever,
skin reaction, and granulocytopenla
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral TDLo 1n woman producing a teratogenlc
effect * 1120 mg/kg (dosing during 20-39th
weeks of pregnancy)
2) Oral LDLo 1n Rabbit » 2500 mg/kg
3} Introperltoneal 1050 1n mouse « 200 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
MONOCHLQROBENZENE
See CHLOROB.ENZENE listing
-------
MUSTARD GAS
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Bis(2-ch1oroethyl) sulfide
Yperite citH
C1CH2CH2
USE/OCCURRENCE •
Mar gas
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC).
2) A primary lung irritant.
3) May cause edema, ulcerations, necrosis of
respiratory tract and exposed skin, conjuncti-
uitis, and blindness.
4) Irtgestion can cause nausea, and vomiting
5) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LC50 in human * 1500 mg/m for 1 minute
2) Inhalation LCLo in human 3 23 ppm for 10 minutes
3) Dermal LDLo in humans » 64 mg/kg .
4) Inhalation LT50 in Rat * 420 mg/m for 2 minutes
5) . D-ermal LD50 in Rat * 9 mg/kg
6) Dermal LD50 in Rabbit « 100 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » N.A.
-------
•WH1KALEE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
•tar camphor
moth flake
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate, moth repellant, fumigant
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Inhaling large cone, of vapor or ingesting may cause intravascular
hemolysis with eye irritation, headache, nausea, abdominal pain,
jaundice, renal damage, coma
2) A suspected, experimental neoplastic agent-
3) The dust and vapor can form explosive mixtures with air
4) Toxicity due to the formation of highly reactive metabolites
5) Effects of chronic exposure include cataracts, hemolytic anemia,
and renal disease.
5) Can cross the placenta
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral rat LD50 » 1780 mg/kg
2) Oral LOLo in child » 100 mg/kg
3) 100 mg is a mild irritant in rabbit eye
4) 495 mg is a mild irritant on rabbit skin (open)
TLV/THA - 50 mg/m3
-------
1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE
SYNONYM
1 ,4-naphthalen,ediorjfi
USE/OCCURRENCE
Polymerization regulator, chemical
Intermediate, fungicide, algldde;
oegredatlon product of certain nap .
derivatives
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) An experimental neoplastlc agent.
2) Serious acute effects via oral, route
3) Can see hematologlcal changes, Irritant
and allergenlc effects, and decreased
activity of selected biochemical oxidation
reactions.
4) Would be expected to bioaccumulate to some
extent based on low water solubility
TOXICITY DATA
1} Oral L050 In rat » 190 mg/kg
2) Intraperltoneal LD50 In mouse » 10 mg/kg
TLV/TMA 3 N.A.
-------
1-NAPHTHYLAMINE
SYNONYM
2-naphthylamine
naphthalidam
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
Used in dye, condensation and rubber
production, and in many other chemical
syntheses.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC).
2) Absorption via dermal and inhalation routes.
3) Workers exposed- to V-napnthylamine have developed
bladder tumors (mean latent period * 22 years),
but, this effect is possibly due to.contamination
by 2-naphthylamine, a known human carcinogen.
4) An experiment mutagen.
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral 1050 in rat « 779 mg/kg
2) Oral Ldls in mammal * 4000 mg/kg
3) Subcutaneous LdLo in rabbit » 300 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
2-NAPHTHYLAMINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
beta -naphthy!amine
2-arainonaphtha!ene
USE/OCCURRENCE'
Presently used only for research purposes;
present as an Impurity In l-naphthylamine;
was widely used in the past in the manufacture
of dye stuffs, as an antioxidant for rubber,
and in rubber coated cables.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC) of the
bladder •
2) Can be absorbed via inhalation and skin routes.
3) Mildly irritating to the skin, has produced
contact dermatitis
4) Latent period for bladder tumor production
has been reported to be about IS years:
Symptoms include frequent urination,
dysuria (impaired and/cr painful urination),
and nematuria (blood in urine).
5) Acute poisoning has lead to met-hemoglobinemia
or aucute hemorrhagic cystitis (bloody, inflamation
o* the urinary bladderl
6) An experiment mutagen and carcinogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) LTJLo In dog » 500 mg/kg (unknown route)
TLV/TWA » N.A. (human carcinogen)
-------
l-NAPHTHYL-2-THIOUREA
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
alpha-naphthylthiourea
alpha-naphthylthiocarbamide
antu
USE/OCCURRENCE
Rodenticide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Poisoning may result in death due
to pulmonary edema.
2) Chronic exposure has been reported to
lead to drug rashes and a decrease in
the white blood cells.
3} Reported to be an experimental neoplastic
agent
4) On decomposition, emits toxic fumes
TOXICITY DATA
1) LOLo in man * 588 mg/kg (unknown route
of administration)
2} Oral LD50 in Rat * 6 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in Monkey » 4250 mg/kg
TLV/TWA « N.A.
-------
NICKEL CARB.ONYL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Raney nickel Hi(CO)4
nickel tetracarbonyl
USE /OCCURRENCE _.__._
Nickel production, gas plating, catalyst; formed by nickel or its compounds
in the presence of carbon monoxide; a common air contaminant; found in sig-
nificant quantities in cigarette smoke
HEALTH EFFECTS .._ .
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT); the DOT label is FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND POISON
3) A highly volatile liquid which decomposes above room temperature releasing
CO and finely divided nickel
4) Absorbed via inhalation and dermal routes
S) Epidemiological studies have linked nickel carbonyl to cancer of the lungs
and nose
6) Inhalation of vapor and subsequent release of carbon monoxide (CO) in the
lungs initially may lead to headache, nausea, chest tightness, vomiting,
and shortness of breath: vary severe symptoms may develop hours or days
later and these include rapid respiration, shortness of breath, cyanosis,
extreme weakness, with possible convulsions, acute chemical pneumonitis,
and death
7) An experimental teratogen
TDSICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LCLo in human - 30 ppm for 30 minutes
2) Inhalation TCLo in human producing CNS effects * 7 rng/m^
3) Inhalation LC50 in rat - 35 ppm for 30 minutes
4) Inhalation LC50 in rat - 580 mg/m3 for 15 minutes
0.35 mg/m3 (as Ni)
-------
NICKEL, N.O.S.
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
various compounds Ni
USE/OCCURRENCE
Alloy metal, catalyst, Intermediate, in
stainless steel, coins, batteries, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAS)
2) FLAMMABLE SOLID (DOT); same label
3) A skin sensitizer often leading to chronic
eczema development ("Nickel itch")
4) Irritants of the eye conjunctiva and mucous
membranes*, of the upper respiratory tract
5) Chronic exposure can result in upper and lower
respiratory tract damage in man
6) May synergistically affect the carcinogenicity
of polycyclic hydrocarbons, asbestos, and viruses
7) Doses of nickel sulfate have induced myocardial and
.1 iyer damage
3) Serum nickel is increased in- humans after myocardial infarction
9) High dose of the soluble salts induce giddiness and nausea
TOXICITY DATA
1) Intravenous LOLo in mouse * 50 mg/lcg
2} IntracraciieolLDLo in rat * 12 rag/kg
3) Intravaneous LOLo in dog * 10 mg/kg
4) 'Oral LD50 in rat « 350 mg/kg (nickel (II) acetate)
5) Oral LD50 in rat - 105 mg/kg (nickel (II) chloride)
5) Oral L050 in rat » 490 mg/kg (nickel biscyclopentadrine)
TLV/TWA 3 0.1-1 mg/m (nickelimetal, soluble compounds)
-------
NICKEL CYANIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
Nickel-plating
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B(DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) See CYAMOE and NICKEL listings
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/THA » 5 mg/m3 (skin) (cyartidds, as CN)
0.1 mg/m (soluble nickel compounds, as Ni)
-------
AND SALTS
SYNONYM
3-(-1-MethyK-Pyrro1i dy1) Pyr di ne
Black leaf 40
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
A plant alkaloid found in tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tapacum); an insectide
and furn igant'whose use has large been replaced by organophosphate incecticides;
little or no nicotine is now produced in the United States with respect to
pesticides usage
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT); DOT label is POISON; 40 mg orally has been fatal in man
2) Toxic effects may result following ingestion, inhalation, or absorption
through the skin
3) An extremely toxic alkloid caoable of producing nervous system stimulation
followed fay severe nervous system depression *
4} Green-tobacco sickness(weakness, nausea, vonrftina) seen in persons pulling
tobacco leaves durina cropping is believed to result as a conseauence of
dermal absorption of nicotine in green tobacco gum.
5) An experimental teratooen
6) When heated emits highly toxic fumes
*May see mental disturbances, convulsions, twitching, evacuation of bladder
and bowel, cessation of respiration
TDXICITY DATA ' . .
1) LDLo in man *882 ug/kg (unknown route)
2) Rectal TOLo in man producina blood pressure effects
3) Oral LD50 in.rat = 53 mg/kc
A) Dermal LD50 in rat » 1*0 mg/kg
5) Dermal LD50 in rabbit * 50 mg/kn
6) Intraperitoneal LD50 in rabbit * 14 mg/ka
«1430 ug/kg
0.5 mg/m (skin)
-------
NITRIC OXIDE
SYNONYM , STRUCTURE
mononitrogren monoxide NO
nitrogen monoxide
USE/OCCURRENCE'
Manufacture of nitric acid, also in
bleaching of rayon; as a stabilizer
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON A(DOT); the DOT label is POISON
GAS.
2) Entry Route: Inhalation of gas, mist
• or vapor.
3) Can cause irritation to the eyes and
mucous membranes.
4) May produce yellowish or brownish
staining to the skin and teeth.
5) May cause burn, ulcers, and neCcrosis
of the skin, mucous membranes and
eye tissues.
6) In high concentration may cause severe
pulmonary irritation and methemoglobinemia
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LCLo in mouse » 320 ppra
2) Inhalation LCSO in rabo-ft » 315 pprn for 15 minutes
TLY/TWA • 30 mg/m3
-------
P-NITROANILINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
l-amino-4-nitrobenzene
USE/OCCURRENCE
Dyestuff intermediate
HCALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT); the DOT label 1s POISON
2) Acute exposure may cause methemoglobinemla, cyanosis, stupor, weakness,
vomiting, nausea, and headache
3) Chronic exposure may cause liver damage
4) Also see ANILINE listing •
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 750 mg/kg
2) Oral. LD50 in mouse = 812 mg/kg
3) Intravenous LDLo fn mammal 3 40 mg/kg
TLY/TWA « 6 mg/ra3 (skin)
-------
NITRCBEN2BE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
nitrobenzol NO
2
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical .intermediate in explosives, dyes, a solvent; a common air contaminant
tigALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT); the DOT label 1s POISON
2) Absorption can occur via all possible routes; will pass directly
through the skin
3) May cause eye irritation
4} One to four hours post exposure may see CNS effects of headache, vomiting,
weakness and coma
5) . Chronic exposures may lead to spleen and liver damage cyanosis
(methemoglobin formation), jaundice, anemia, and dark colored urine
6) A suspected experimental carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen
7) Menstrual disturbances have been reported in chronically exposed
workers
3) Once in the body, remains for prolonged periods of time
9) Nitrobenzene belongs to a group of compounds which can influence
ferric hemoglobin levels and thus contribute to asoluula±lon
10) Produce Heinz Bodies (dark granules) in red blood cells
TOXrCITY DATA
1) Oral TDLo in woman producing blood effects « 200 rag/kg
2) into in man » 35 mrj/kg (unknown route)
3) Oral L050 in.rat » 640 rag/kg
4) Dermal 1050 in rabbit » 600 mg/kg
5) 'Dermal U50 in rat » 2100 mg/kg
6) 500 mg f r 24 hours is a moderate skin irritant in rabbit
7) SOO mg for 24 hours is a mild eye irritant in rabbit
5 mg/ra (skin)
-------
NITROGEN DIQXII3E
X
nitrogen tetroxide
STRUCTURE
NO-
US g/OCCURftgNCg
Intermediate i.n nitric and sulfuric acid production, and in the nitration
of organic compounds and explosives; an air pollutant; cigarette smoke
contains appreciable quantities of nitrogen dioxide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Liquid nitrogen dioxide is designated a POISON A (DOT); DOT label
requirement is OXIOIZIR and POISON GAS
2) Low concentrations may cause inflammation of the lungs with only slight
irritation which will pass unnoticed: acute pulmonary edema may result
several hours later
3) Acute exposures may produce immediate malaise, cyanosis, cough, dyspnea,
chills, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, pulmonary edema, collapse,
and death
4) Exposures to low concentrations can produce tolerance to subsequent
higher exposures so that acute symptoms are not experienced: chronic
damage will ensue from such rfipea.tfid low dosings
5) Exposures at high concentrations have resulted in methemoglobinemia in
experimental studies
6) Chronic effects include lung damage resembling emphysema
7} Experimental studies have indicated that nitrogen dioxide causes
configurational changes in lung, collagen and el astin, causes lipid
peroxidation in lung and increases susceptibility to"respiratory
infection by bacterial pneumonia or influenza virus
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LCLo in human * 200 ppra for 1 minute
2) Inhalation TCLo in man producing pulmonary effects « 90 ppm for 40 minutes
3} Inhalation LC50 in rat * 83 ppm for 4 hours
4} Inhalation LCSO in rabbit * 315 ppm for 15 minutes
9 mg/m3
-------
NITROEN MUSTARD AND HYDRDCHU3RIIE SALT
SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
2,2-dichloro-n-methyldiethylamine ' CH3N(CH2CH2CL)2
CH.N(CH,CH.CL)--HCL
Caryolysin •* c * '
Chloramine (hydrochloride salt)
Caryolysine (hydrochloride salt)
USE/OCCURRENCE -
Alkylating agent used as a cancer chemotherapeutic drug; nitrogen mustards are
analogs of 1'ewisitfe (World War I poison gas)
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) The hydrochloride salt is a. POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Nitrogen mustard and its hydrochloride salt are experimental mutag«ns and
teratbgens
3) A vesicant which may cause severe eye and skin burns on contact in very low
concentrations
4) Exposure may result in nausea., vomiting, and leukopenia
TDXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LDLo in rat » 440 mg/m for 10 minutes
2) Dermal LD50 in rat » 14 mg/kg
3) Dermal LDLo in rabbit * 15 mg/kq
4) Intravenous LDSO in rat » 1.1 mg/kg
5) Intravenous TDLo in human producing CNS effects • 400 ug/kg (hydrochloride salt)
6) Oral LDSO in rat * 10 mg/kg (Hydrochloride salt)
7) Oral LDSO in mouse » 20 mg/kg (hydrochloride salt)
8) Intravenous DL50 in rat » 1600u.g/ktj (hydrochloride salt)
9) 400 iig is severe eye irritant in"rabbit
TLV/TWA » N.A.
-------
MUSTARD N-QXIDE AND HYDROCHLJDRIDE SALTS
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
2,2'-dichloro-n-methyldiethylamine-n-oxide ' o
II
CH3-N-{CH2CH2CL)2
o
II
CH3-N - (CH2CH2CL)2 • HC1
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Se« NITROGEN MUSTARD listina
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) The hydrochloride salt fs a POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental mutaaen and carcinogen
3) See NITROGEN MUSTARD listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 80 mg/kg
2) Intravenous LD50 in rat * 45 mq/kg
3) Intravenous LDLo in monkey a 8 mg/kg (hydrchloride salt)
4) Intravenous LDLo in dog * 4 mg/kg (hydrochloride salt)
N.A.
-------
NITROGEN PEROXIDE
See NITROGEN DIOXIDE listing
-------
NITROGEN TETRQXIDE
See NITROGEN DIOXIDE listing
-------
NITROGLYCERINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Ancrinine " • C
Nitroglycerol }
Casting aelatin • CH_nNO
Trmttroglycerol . 2
CN2-ON02
USE/OCCURRENCE .'
Dynamite manufacture; medicinal use in heart disease patients (coronary vasodilator)
HEALTH EFFECTS _ __.
1) CUSS A EXPLOSIVECDOT); DOT label is EXPLOSIVE A
2) Absorbed via innestion, inhalation,.skin, and mucous membranes
3) Subacute exposures may cause severe throbbing headaches, while lamer
exposures may result in nausea, vomiting, cyanosis, palpitations of the heart,
coma, cessation of hreatnino and death
'4) Symptoms of chronfc poisonino may include headache, hallucinations, and skin
. rashes
5) Alcohol aggravates nitroglycerin toxicity
TDXICITY DATA
I) LDLo in human » 28 mg/ko (unknown route)
2) Intravenous LDLo in r.abbit * 40 nw/ka
3) Subcutaneous -LDLD in rabbit » 400 mq/kq
mg/m3 (skin)
-------
4-NITROPHENOL
SYNONYM
P-nitrophenol
4-hydrox.vni trobenzene
USE/OCCURRENCE ' - ._ .
Dyestuffs synthesis chemical intermediate in production of pigments, pharima-
ceuticals, rubber chemicals, lumber presentatives, pesticides, etc.;
itrophenols may be formed as a result of microbial denredation, photo degradation,
or metabolism of parathion; a chemical indicator fat PH5.6*colorless, at PH7.6=
vt EFFECTS ..-__ .
1) May be absorbed via innestion, inhalation, and througKthe skin
2) Animal studies have indicated that symptoms of exposure may include central
and peripheral vagus nerve stimulation, CMS depression, methemoqlobinemia,
dyspnea, hepatitis, soleen changes and hyperthermia
3) The p-isoner is the most toxic nitrophenol
4.) A weak experimental mutagen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 350 ma/Kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse « 467 mg/kf
a
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide •
o
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS - -
1) An experimental mutanen, carcinooen, and tumor-forming agent
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/TlJA
-------
N.O.S,
SYNONYM • STRUCTURE
Rl
N-NO
h
(R.,, (^'various groups)
USE/OCCURRENCE ; _
Research chemicals; N-nitrosod'fphenylanrine is used in rubber'processina;
widespread fn the environment fair, diet, smoking); also see
OIHETHYLNITROSAMINE Ifsffnn,
HEALTH EFFECTS
1] CARCINOGENIC CCAfil
21 MetafaofiteT of nitrosamines are thouqht to be active teratogens,
mutaaens, and carcfnonens
3} The water concentration,of DWI corresponding to a lifetime cancer risk
for humans of 10-5 fs 0.026 mo/1
4) In rodents, nttrosamfnes:have been shown to cause cancer in liver, kidney,
lung, esophagus, bladder, nasal sinuses, trachea, tongue
5) Chronic exposures in experimental studies have resulted in pathological liver.
changes
6] Ferric oxide, cigarette smoke, volatile acids, aldehydes, methyl nitrite,
and benzoCa) pyrene have been theorized to act in concert with dimethylni-
trosamine to produce a carct'noaenic response
TOXICITY DATA
See individual listings
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURg
N-6utyl-n-nitroso~l-butananrine •
TQXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDSO in rat » 1200 mg/fcg
2) Subcutaneous.LDSO in rat a 1200 mg/kg
X
/N-NO
(C4Hg/
USE/OCCURRENCE •
See NITROSAMIME listing
HEALTH EFFECTS ___
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN ClARCj'
2) See NITROSAWNE listing
3) An experimental mutagen and carcinogen
H.A.
-------
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 7500 ntg/kg
2) Subcutaneous LD50 in hamster « llgm/kq
STRUCTURE
2,2'-Oihydroxy-n-nitroso • CHgOH CNg
Dietnylamine \
«
USE/OCCURRENCE '
See NITROSAMINE listing
HEALTH EFFgCTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) See NTTROSAMINE listing
TLV/TlJA » ".A.
-------
• , M-NITOSQDIEIWUV1INE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Diethylnitrosamine • .
USE/OCCURR£NC£ .
See MITROSAMINE listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN -(IARCJ
2) POSITIVE &HD1AL CARCINOGEN C"CD
3) An experimental mutagen and teratogen
4) See NITROSAMINE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 280 ing/kg
2) Intravenous LD50 in rat »280 mg/kq
TLV/TCA
N.A.
-------
N-NITRDSODIF3HENY1J1INE •
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Di pheny1ni trosami ne
NDPhA
:N-NO
USg/OCCURR£NC£ ' „
Vul cam" ration, retarder in the rubBer industry
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN .(NCI)
2) An experimental mutagen
3) When heated to decomposition; emits hiahly toxic fumes of NOV
4) See NITROSAMINE listing *
TOXICITY DATA •
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 1650 mq/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse 3 3850 ma/kg
3) 500 mg far 24 hours is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
TLV/TWA • N.A.
-------
H-NITRDSODI-M-PRDPYLffllNE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
NDPA ' C3H?
Di-n-propylnitrosamine \
N-NO
USE/OCCURRENCE '
See NITROSAMINE listing; NDPA has been detected in food, alcholic bevaaes,
pesticides, and in thewaste-water from several chemical plants
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAS)
2) Should be regarded as a human'carcinogen CIARC}
3) An exoerimental mutaoen and carcinogen
4] Animal studies have shown NDPA exposure results in cancers or tumors of the
liver, esophagus, tongue, nasal cavity, luna, kidney, etc.
•SI See NITROSAMINE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 480 rug/kg
2) Subcutaneous LD50 in rat 487 mo/kg
3) Subcutaneous LD50 in mouse * 689 ing/kg
TLV/TMA - N.A.
-------
1) Ethyl nitorsourea
2.) Nitrosoethylurea
fHIITRDSO-N-EMlJREA -
' STRUCTURE
H,N-C
USE/OCCURRENCE '
See NITROSAMINE listincj
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental teratogen and mutagen
3) See NITROSAMINE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 300 mg/kg
2) Subcut neous LD50 in rat * 240 mg/kg
3) Intravenous LD50 in rat a 240 mg/kg
TLV/TIJA
-------
TOXICITY DATA
11 Oral DL50 fn rat » 90 mg/kg
SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
Ethylmethyl Nitrosamine
N.N-Methyl Ethyl Nitrosamine CH3v.
C2H5
USE/OCCURRENCE .
See NITROSAMINE listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN QARC)
21 See NITROSAMINE listing
TLV/THA « N.A.
-------
WITROSO-fHOYlJUREA •
' STRUCTURE
1-Methyl -1 Nitrosourea
CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE ' H,N-
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
N-Methyl-N-Nitroso Carbamic • ...
Acid, Ethyl Ester UH2
«-NO
HCC,'-0-C
5-2
USE/OCCURRENCE .
See NITROSAMINE listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2} An experimental teratogen and mutagen
3) See NITROSAMINE listing
4) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of NO
A
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 180 mg/kg
2} Intravenous L050 in rat * 4 mg/kg
3) Intraperitoneal LD50 in mouse * 37 mg/kg
TLV/TWA - N.A.
-------
STRUCTURE
^
I3
H2C=CH-N-NO
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1} SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN CIARC)
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral DL50 in rat » 24 nw/kg
Z\ Inhalation LD50 in rat » 22 nig/kg
N.A.
-------
N-NnHOSOfWHQLBE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
4-Nitrosomorpnoline
NMOR
USE/OCCURRENCE •
See NITROSAMINE listinn
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN
2) An experimental mutagen, carcinogen, and neoplastic agent
3) See NITROSAMINE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 282 mg/kg
2) Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat * 282 mg/kg
3) Subcutaneous LD50 in rat » 170 mg/kg
4) Intravenous LD50 in rat * 98 mg/kg
TLV/TWA »N.A.
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
1) 3-(l-Nitroso-2-Pyrrolidynyl) '
Pyridine
2) 1-Nitroso-l-Oemethyl-Nicotine
USE/OCCURRENCE '
See NITROSAMINE listina
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental mutagen, carcinogen, and tumor-forming agent
NO
TOXrCITY DATA
TLV/TKA » H.A.
-------
MITflOSOPIPERIDINE
SYNONYM . STRUCTURE
NPIP
1-Ni trosooi peri di ne
N-0
0
USE/OCCURRENCE .
See NITROSAMINE listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental mutagen, carcinogen, and neoplastic agent
3) See NITROSAMINE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat * 200 rag/kg
2) Subcutaneous LD50 in rat » 100 mg/kg
3) Intravenous LD50 in rat * 60 rag/kg
TLV/THA
-------
NiNITRDSOPYRRDLIDINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
NPYR
1-Nitroso-Pyrrolidine
N»0
USE/OCCURRENCE '
See NITROSAMINE listing
HEALTH EFFECTS . .. .__
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN ClARC)
2) An experimental mutaqen, carcinoqen, and tumor-forminq agent
3) See NITROSAMINE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 900 mq/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse » 125 met/kg
3) Subcutaneous L050 in mouse * 125 mq/kg
TLV/TWA - N.A.
-------
MITTOSQSARCQSINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
N- Methyl * N - Nitroso - Glycine ' COOH
I
CH,
I Z
ON-N-CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE •
See NITROSAMINE listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1] SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC1
2) An experimental carcinoaen
3) See NITROSAMINE listing"
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDSO in rat - 5000 mg/kg
TLV/TWA - N.A.
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
4 - N1tro - 2 - Aminotoluene
CH3
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Positive Animal Carcinogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 574 mg/kg
TLV/TIM - N-A-
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
OMPA
Schradan
Pestox III
CCH3}2
.
CCH) r ^
*3'2
USE/OCCURRENCE •
Organophasphate insecticide; all products containing OMPA have been cancelled
(voluntary) by-USEPA
HEALTH EFFECTS __ „.
1) See PARATHION listing; a cholinesterase inhibitor
2) High toxicity via oral, dermal, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 5 mg/kg
2) Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat » 8 mg/kg
3) Subc taneous L050 in rat » 9 mg/kg
4) Oral LDSO in mouse « 2 "»9/k9
5) Intraperitoneal LDSO in mouse - 10 mg/kg
6) Intravenous LDSO in mouse a 9400 ug/kg
7) Oral LDSO in rabbit » 25 mg/kg
TLV/TWA > N.A.
-------
OSMIUM TETRQXIDE
STRUCTURE
Osmic acid Q
USE/OCCURRENCE •'
Oxidizing agent (especially in-the conversion of alefins to glycols; a
fixative for tissues in electron microscopy; osmium tetroxide can be formed
by heating osmium metal
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Vapors are poisonous and extremely irritating to the-eyes:-exposure to
low vapor concentrations may result in weeping and persistant conjunctivitis,
while longer exposures may result in cornea! damages with halo vision, and
blindness
2) Skin exposures may result in green or black discoloration, dermatitis, and
ulceration
3) Inhalation of fumes results in severe irritation of the respiratory system
. which may result in bronchitis, bronchial spasm, tracheitis (inflammation
of the trachea), difficulty in breathing which may persist for several
hours, and possible serious Inflammation of the lungs with bronchopneumonia
and gangrene
4) A case of human poisoning was found to result in bronchopneumonia, kidney
damage, and death
5) When heated to decomposition, emits toxic fumes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in man producing eye effects « 133 ug/ra 3
Z) Inhalation TCLo in human producing irritant effects * 100 ug/m
3) Oral 1050 in rat • 14 mg/kg
4] Oral LD50 in mouse » 162 mg/kg
5) Inhalation LDLo in rat * 40" ppm for 4 hours
6} Inhalation LDLo in mouse * 40 ppm for 4 hours
7) Intraperitoneal LQ50 in mouse » 14 mg/kg
0.002 mg/m3 (as QS)
-------
7-QXABICYCLO (2,2,1) HEPWE-2,3-DICARBQXYUC ACID
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Endothall
USE/OCCURRENCE .
Herbicide, defoliant, desiccant, growth regulator
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Very irritating to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes
2) Highly toxic via oral and dermal routes
3) Ingestion may result in vomiting and diarrhea
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 38 mg/kq
2) Oral L050 in rat * 51 mo/kg (disoduim salt of endothall)
3) Dermal LD50 in rabbit * ion mg/kq (disoduim salt of endothall)
TIV/TWA » n.A.
-------
PARAUEHYBE
STRUCTURE
paracetal dehyde
trimethyl trioxane
CH3
USg/OCCURRgNCg
Hypnotic and analgesic drug; used in the manufacture of organ /c compounds
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT); same DOT label
2) Rapidly absorbed via ingestion and pa renter a 1 administration
3} Therapeutic doses to induce sleep range from 4-8 ml; overdose may include
very rapid, labored breathing, marked depression of blood pressure, and
degenerative changes in the kidney and liver, with possible prolonged
coma, and death due to respiratory failure
4) Effects of chronic poisoning may include acidosis, bleeding gastvitis,
muscular irritability, azotania (uremia), oliguria (decreased urine flow),
albuminuria, leukocytosis, liver and kidney damage, pulmonary hemorrhage,
and dilation of the right heart
5) Chronic use may induce tolerance and addiction
5; Readily cresses the placenta- and has been reported to cause toxic
effects on neonates following administration to the mother during labor
7) Decomposes to the toxic compounds acetic acid and acetaldehyde
8) No reported cases of industrial poisoning
9) Exposure may result in skin eruptions similar to those caused by chloral
hydrate
10) Bioaccumulation is unlikely due to metabolism of this compound in the
body
11) Emitsrtoxic fumes when heated
12) A suspected experimental neoolastic agent
TOxrCITY DATA
1) Oral TDLo in human producing psychlogical effects * 14 mg/kg
2) Intravenous TDLo in human producing psychlogical effects * 14 mg/kg
3) Intramuscular TDLo in human producing psychological effects » 71 mg/kg
4) Rectal TDLo in human producing psychological effects « 14 mg/kg
- 5) Oral LD50 in rat « 1530 mg/kg
5) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 14 grams/kg
-------
PARATHION
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
0,0-diethyl 0-p-m'trophenyl
hosphrothioate
Thiophos
USE/OCCURRENCE'
Organophosphate insecticide; use of ethyl parathion restricted* by USEPA
HEALTH EFFECTS _ _ . .
1) POISON 8 (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) Organophosphates are irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme cholinesterase,
and are rapidly absorbed via ingestion, through intact or broken skin
and the eye, and via infialatfon
31 Symptoms of mild poisoning may include headache, fatigue, dizziness,
Blurred vision, excessive sweating, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps,
. dfarrnea, and salfvatfon
41 Symptoms of more severe poisoning may also include difficulty in walking,
chest tightness, mfosfs Cpupil constriction), muscle twitching
5) Severe poisoning may result fn rapid o*nset of unconsciousness, seizures,
and possible death as a.result of respiratory failure
61 Organophosphates effect nerve tissue, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle,
the fteart, exocrfne galnds, the CNS, and the respiratory system.
TOXICITY DATA CCONT'°- °" page 2)
11 Oral LDLo in human * 240 ug/kg
2J Oral TDLo in woman producing CNS effects * 5670 ug/kg
3) LOLo fn man -.1471 ug/kg (unknown route)
41 Oral LD50 fn rat » 2 mg/kg
51 Oral LDSO in mouse * 6 mg/kg
6J Oral LDSO in rabbit - 10 mg/kg
71 Dermal LDSO in raSBit - 40 mg/kg
31 Dermal .LDSO in rat » 6800 ug/kg
9) Dermal LDSO in mouse * 32400 ug/kg
10) Inhalation LCLo in rat * 10 mg/ra for 2 hours
1 0.1 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
PARATHION (CONT.)
HEALTH EFFECTS - CONT'D.
7) Onset of symptoms after exposure is usually rapid
8) Other sumptoms of organophosphate poisoning may include involuntary
defacation and urination, bradycardia and possible heart block, easy
fatigue, pallor, elevatlorjbf blood pressure, hyperglycemia, slurred
speech, anxiety, insomnia, etc.
9) Local effects may be seen at the sites of exposure before generalized
symptoms become apparent: vapor exposures may produce eye and lung
effects (inhalation, skin sweating (dermal absorption); oral ingestion
may result in 61 symptoms first
10) Effects of parathion exposure are comulative
11) An experimental mutagen.and teratogen
12) When heated to decomposition,- emits highly toxic fumes of NO , POY, SO
A A A
-------
PENTACHIOROBENZENE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
QCB
Cl
Cl
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate in fungicide production, flame retardant; a by-product
of chlorobenzene synthesis
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Experimental teratogen
2) A possible, experimental carcinogen
3) See TETRACHLOROBENZENE listing for health effects of chlorinated benzenes
TOXICITY OATA
TLV/TWA
N.A.
-------
PBITACHLDRDEMC
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Ethane pentachloride ' C1.C-CHCU
Pentalln 3 2
USE/OCCURRENCE '
HEALTli EFFECTS
1) May act as a CMS depressant and Narcotic; liver damage a possible result
of over exposure
2) Moderately toxic via oral route
3) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LCLo in rat * 4238 ppm for 2 hours
2) Inhalation LCLo in mouse * 35 mg/nr for 2 hours
3) Oral LDLo in dog » 500 mg/kg
4) Intravenous LDLo in dog « 100 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » M.A.
-------
PENTACHLDRDNITRCENZBE (POT)
SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
PCNB • . NQ
Terrachlor V2
Quintozene •
Cl
USE/OCCURRENCE .
Fungicide; commercial PCNB fungicides contain toxic impurities such as
hexachloro benzene, penta-chlorobenzene, and tetrachloronitrobenzene
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAG)
2) An experimental teratogen
3) Very little accumulation^ the bddy-, due to rapid metabolism and
elimination
4) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides on
' N0x
5) The chloro-fflono-nitrobenzenes are similar in their toxic effects to
nitrobenzene: see NITROBENZENE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 1650 mg/kg
2) Mammal LD50 = 1650 mg/kg (unknown route)
N.A.
-------
PBraCHLQRDPHBa
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
PCP
Dowicide 7
USE/OCCURRENCE
Herbicide, molluscicide, algacide, wood preservative, etc.; widely
dispersed in the environment
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT); the DOT label is POISON (human fatalities have been
reported)
2) Readily absorbed through the skin
3) Acute poisoning is marked by weakness and respiratory tract irritation,
blood pressure and urinary output changes, also causes dermatitis,
convulsions and collapse
4) Chronic exposure can cause liver and kidney injury
5) An experimental neoplastic and teratogenic agent
6) Does not significantly accumulate in body tissues
7) Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation
8) Dangerous when heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of
chlorides
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human * 29 mg/kg
2) Oral TDLo in human » 196 rag/kg (CNS effects)
3) Oral LD50 in rat » 50 mg/kg
4) Dermal LDLo in rabbit » 40 mg/kg
5) 10 mg for 24 hours is a mild skin irritant (open) in rabbit
TLY/TWA « 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
PHEWCETIN
SYNONYM
acetophenetidine
p-acetophenetidide
STRUCTURE
NHCOCH,
USE/OCCURRENCE .
Analgesic drug (pain reliever) and anti-pyretic (anti-fever) '
HEALTH EFFECTS ._
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Symptoms of misuse Include weakness, dizziness, depression, collapse,
cyanosis and*possible death
3) It is believed that phenacetin can directly damage kidney cells
4) Chronic effects include weight loss, insomnia, shortness of breath,
weakness, and possible aplastic anemia: can be habit-forming
5) .An experimental mutagen
6) When heated to decomposition; emits.toxic fumes
TQXICITY DATA
1) Oral TDLo in human producing a carcinogenic effect - 57 mg/kg for 47 years
(intermittant dosing)
2) Oral TDLo in human producing CNS effects » 1000 mg/kg
3) LDLo in man * 74 Tig/kg (unknown route)
.4) Oral LD50 in rat » 1650 mg/kg
5) Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat * 1020 mg/kg
TLV/THA » N.A.
r
-------
PHENOL
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
carbolic acid
n
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermdiate, disinfectant, etc.; a common air contaminant
HEALTH EFFECTS
1} POISON 8 (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) Corrosive on any tissue
3) Absorbed via all routes of administration
4) Can cause severe eye damage and blindness
5) Systemic poisoning can lead to CNS depression, weakness, ear ringing,
shock, frothing of the nose and mouth, kidney damage, and death
6) Chronic po.isoning following prolonged exposures to low concentrations
of vapor or mist results in digestive disturbances, nervous disorders,
skin eruptions, and liver damage
7} Reported to be carcinogenic and teratogenie in animal studies
.3) Emits toxic fumes when heated
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human = 140 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in rat - 414 mg/kg
3) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 850 mg/kg
4) 5 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
5) 535 mg is a severe irritant on rabbit skin (open)
TLV/TWA - 19 mg/ra3 (skin)
-------
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
See the following 1 si tings: CRESOL
CREOSOTE
HYDROQUINONE
QUINONE
-------
PHETIYLENE DIAfllNE
SYNONYM
o-,m-,p-phenylenediami nes
o-,m-,p-aminoanl1i nes
m-1soraer
USE/OCCURRENCE
STRUCTURE
o-1somer p-isomer
Used in dye manufacturing, rubber curing agent (m-isomer), hair dye (p-isomer),
etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) p- and m- isomers are experimental mutageis and neoplastic agents
2) p-isomer is a powerful skin and eye, conjunctive irritant, asthmatic
agent, respiratory tract toxicant, and liver toxicant
3) When the p-isomer is heated, it burns and emits highly toxic fumes of
nitrogen compounds
TOXICITY IWTA
1)
ij
4)
5)
Oral LD5Q in rat « 550 rag/kg (m-isomer)
Oral L050 in rat * 1070 mg/ka (o-isomer) ~
Oral L050 in rat * 80 mg/kg (p-isomer)
250 mg for 24 hours is a mild skin irritant in human (p-isomer)
250 for 24 hours is a moderate skin irritant in rabbit (p-isomer)
TLV/TWA » 0.1 mg/m3 (skin) (p-1somer)
-------
HENYL mCHLQRQARSIiC
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
CgHgA C1-
dlchlorophenylarsine
USE/OCCURRENCE .'
A lacrymator type of military poison gas
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT) ; she DOT label is POISON
2) High toxicity via'oral, inhalation and dermal routes
3) When heated to decomposition; emits highly toxic fumes of arsenic
4) Reacts with water or steam to produce corrosive fumes
5) See ARSENIC listing
TOXrCITY OATA
1) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 500.
2) Dermal LD50 in rat » 16 mg/kg 3
3) Inhalation LCLp in mouse * 370 mg/ra
TLV/TWA » 0.2 mg/m (as arsine or for arsenic and soluble arsenic compounds,
as As)
-------
ACEIWE
PMA
Agrosan
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURKENCg
Fungicide, herbicide; no longer cleared for use in the U.S.; organic mercury
compounds are common air contaminants
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) High toxicity via oral and intraperitoneal routes
2) An experimental mutagen and teratogen
3) Aryl (phenyl) mercury compounds may cause skin burns and be absorbed
througn the skin
4) Organic mercury compounds have an affinity for lipoid-containing organs
resulting in CNS disturbances
5} Mercury is a general protoplasmic poison and once within the body is
stored in liver, kidneys, spleen, and bone
6) When heated to decomposition; emits highly toxic fumes of mercury
7) See MERCURY listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) 100 g for 24 hours is a severe skin irritant in humba
2) 50 ua for 24 hours is a sever eye irritant in rabbit
3) Oral LD50 in rat » 30 mg/kg .
4) Oral LD50 in mouse * 26 mg/kg
5) Intraperitoneal LD50 in mouse * mg/kg
0.05 mg/m3 (all forms of H except alky!)
-------
JHffiflLTHIOUREA
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
l-phenyl-2-thiourea CgHgNHCSNH,
phenylthfocarbamide
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Rodenticide; also used in medical genetics
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) High toxicity via oral and intraperitoneal routes
2) When heated to decomposition; or on. contact with acid or acid fumes,
emits highly toxic fumes of SO and NO
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral rat LD50 » 3 mg/kg
2) Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat * 5 rag/kg
3) Oval mouse LD50 = 10 mg/kg
4) Intraperitoneal LOSO in mouse * 25 mg/kg
,5} Oral LD50 in rabbit » 40 mg/kg
TLV/TWA - N.A.
-------
PHORATH
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Thimet
0,0-diethyl S-/"~( ethyl th1o)methy1_/ \B - -.. -r „
phosphorodlthioate t^~ 2 2 5
USE/OCCURRENCE
Organopjiosphate insecticide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Highly toxic via skin, inhalation, and oral contact
2) A cholinesterase inhibitor, see PARATHION listing
3} Cases of industrial poisoning have been reported to result in confusion,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pupil constriction, respiratory distress,
cardiac arrhythmia, and unconsciousness: death may result from
respiratory failure
4) Commercial grades may contain formaldehyde as a contaminant
TOXIC!TY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat - 1100 ug/kg 3
2) Inhalation LCSO in rat » 11 mg/m for 1 hour
3) Dermal LD50 in rat » 2500 ug/kg
4} Oral LD50 in mouse » 11 rag/kg
0.05 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
PHOSGENE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
carbonyl chloride 0
carbon oxychloride . ||
chloroformyl chloride C x.
/ ci
USE/OCamRENCg
Oyestuffs manufacture based on triphenylmethane, coal tar, an'durea; component
in synthesis of isocyanates, carbonic acid esters, and acid chlorides; a .
common air contaminant
HEALTH EFFECTS . _____
1) POISON A (DOT); DOT label is POISON GAS
2) The gas is an irritant of the eyes (may cause lacrfnation), conjunctiva,
and upper respiratory tract, the liquid nay cause skin burns (3-5 ppm
in air cause eye and throat irritation with coughing)
3) Once within the body, phosgene combines with moisture to produce
hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide
4) .Acute exposures may result in pulmonary edema after a latent period of
5-12 hours; symptoms include dizziness, chills, discomfort, thirst,
increasingly tormenting cough, viscous sputum which thins out later,
dyspnea, tracheal rhonci (wheezing), grey-blue cyanosis, with possible
death as a resul t'-of. respiratory or cardiac failure
5) Phosgene exposure at low levels (205 mg/m ) may produce no warning
symptoms (50 ppm is rapidly fatal after short exposures)
6) Chronic exposure may produce irreversible pulmonary changes of
emphysema and fibrosis
7-) When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam, will
react to produce toxic and corrosive fumes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LCSO in human - 3200 mg/m
2) Inhalation TCLo in human proudwing Irritant effects « 25 ppm for 30 minutes
3) Inhalation LCLp in rat - 50 ppm for 30 minutes
4) Inhalation LCLb in dog « 80 ppm for 30 minutes
5) Inhalation LCLo in mammal « 50 pom for 5 minutes
TLV/TWA * 0.4 mg/m3 (carbonyl chloride)
-------
PHOSPHINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Celphos • pu
hydrogen phosphide 3
Phostoxin
Phosphorettad hydrogen
USE/OCCURflgNCE
Insecticidal fumigant: Phostoxm is a commercial preparation', composed of
aluminum phosphide formulated with ammonium carbamate and hard pharmaceutical
paraffin, which releases phosphlne gas with moisture upon contact;
Phosphlne may be evolved during the generation of acetylene from impure
calcium carbide, as well as during metal shaving, sulfuric acid tank cleaning,
rust proofing, and ferrosilicon, phosphoric acid and yellow phosphorous
explosives handling
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON A (DOT); DOT label is FLAMMABLE GAS and POISON GAS
2) A colorVess gas with an nausating odor of decaying fish
3) Systemic effects due to acute inhalation exposure include: CMS depression,
Irritation of lungs, and damage to liver and other organs; symptoms may
include weakness, fatigue, headache, vertigo, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesraus (painful urination or defecation),
.thirst, dryness of the throat, difficulty in swallowing, sensation of
chest pressure.
4) Severe poisoning may result in staggering gait, convulsions, coma, and
death as a result of cardiac arrest and pulmonary edema (which may be
latent) ' .
5) Chronic poisoning has been suggested as possible with symptoms of anemia,
bronchitis, GI disturbances, visual, speech and motor disturbances,
however, there is a lack of human data on the subject
6) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of POX
TOXICITY DATA ._ _ _
1) Inhalation LCLo 1n human * 1000 pom
2) Inhalation LC50 in rat » 11 ppm for 4 hours
3) Inhalation LCLo in rabbit * 2500 ppm for 20 minutes
4) Inhalation LCLo in mammal * 1000 ppm for 5 minutes
TL7/TWA • 0.4 rag/ra3
-------
PHOSPHORODITHIOTIC AND PHOSPHOROTHIOTIC ACID ESTERS
See Individual listings
-------
SYNOMYM
Famphur
Farafos
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
Organophosphate pesticide (.for use against cattle lice and grubs)
HEALTH EFFESIS
1) Highly toxic via oral route
2) A cholinesterase inhibitor
3) See PARATHION listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 35 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse » 27 mg/kg
3) Dermal LDSO in rabbit » 1460 mg/kg
TLV/TWA - M.A.
-------
PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS, N.O.S.-
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
various COOR
COOR
O
(R 3 various
groups)
USE/OCCURRENCE
Platicizers, components of cosmetics, munitions, insect
repellents, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Several members of this group have been reported to be
experimental teratogens and to cause other reproductive
damage in experimental studies
2) Phthalic acid esters are readily absorbed from the
intestinal tract, peritoneal cavity, and lungs
3) Toxic polyneuritis and neurological symptoms have been
reported in exposed workers
4) Experimental animals exposed to large doses of butyl-
benzyl phthalate have shown CNS degeneration and
encephalopathy
5) Chronic dosing has caused liver damage and kidney effects
in experimental animals
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral TDLo in man producing gastrointestinal effects »
143 rag/kg (phthalic acid, bis 2-ethylhexyl ester)
2) Oral LD5C in rat » 31 grams/kg ( " " )
3) Oral LDLo in human producing eye effects » 140 mg/kg
4) Inhalation TCLo in human producing an irritant effect »
100C mg/mS
5) Oral LD50 in rat » 6900 mg/kg (phthalic acid, dimethyl ester)
TLY/TV/A * 5 rug/m3 (dibutyl-, diethyl-, and dimethyl phthalate)
-------
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
phthalandione
I ,3-isobenzofurandione
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate; a common aincontaminant
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Dust, fume, and vapor are potent irritants of the eye, skin, and
respiratory tract; skin burns may develop
2) Hypersensitivity can develop
3) Inhalation of dust or vapors may cause coughing, sneezing, and bloody
nasal discharge
4) Repeated exposure may result in bronchitis, emphysema, allergic asthma,
uticaria (hives), chronic eye irritation, and lung fibres is
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat - 4020 mg/kg
2) 100 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
TLV/TWA » 6 mg/m*
-------
2-PICOLINE
SYNONYM
alpha-methylpyridlne
USE/OCCURRENCE
Organic solvent, chemical Intermediate; present in cigarette smoke and near
operating coke ovens
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A respiratory Irritant
2) Chronic exposure can lead to changes In liver, spleen, bone marrow, and
lymph nodes
TOXICITY DATA
1.) Oral LD50 1n rat » 790 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 In rabbft » 410 mg/kg
3) 750 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
4) 470 mg a mild dermal frritant in rabbit
TLY/THA
-------
POLYCHLDRINATED BIPHENYL- n.o.s.
SYNONYM
PCS
Arochlor
chlorinated diphenyl
USE/OCCURRENCE
STRUCTURE
R R R
R R R R
( R » H or Cl)
Due to their high heat capacity and low electrical con-
ductivity, PC3s have been used as fluids in electrical
transformers, capacitors, heat transfer systems, and
hydraulic systems; they have also been used in paints,
plasticizers, inks, carbonless paper, and as dust control agents
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Various mixtures of PCSs have been reported to be
carcinogenic, neoplastic, or teratogenic in experimental
studies
3) ?C3s biomagnify and are very persistent in the environment
4) Toxic effects generally increase as the level of
chlorine substitution increases
5) Absorption via inhalation, dermal, and oral routes
6) Prolonged skin contact may result in chloracne (comedones,
sebaceous cysts, and pustules) as well as in eye, nose,
and throat.irritation
7) Acute and chronic exposure can cause liver damage with
edema, jaundice, vomiting, anorexia, nausea, abdominal
pain, and fatigue;-may also result in impotence
8) Accidental oral poisoning has resulted in stillbirth,
grey-brown color of the skin, and increased eye discharge
in infants born to women exposed during pregnancy
9) When heated to decomposition, emit highly toxic fumes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat
2) Oral LD50 in rat
3) Oral LDSO in rat
3980 mg/kg (Arochlor 1221; 21JS Cl)
4470 mg/kg (Arochlor 1232; 32% Cl)
1295 mg/kg (Arochlor 1254; 54?i Cl)
-------
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (CONT.)
4) Oral LD50 in rat » 16000 mg/kg (Arochlor 4465)
5) Inhalation TCLo in human producing an irritant effect
10 mg/tn3 (Arochlor 1242)
6) Oral TDLo- in human producing skin effects = 28 mg/kg
TLV/TVA » 0.5-1.0 mg/m3 (skin) (42-54% Cl)
-------
POTASSIUM CYANI
See CYANIDE listing
-------
POTASSIUM SILVER CYANIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
potassium dicyanoargentate(I) KAg(CN)2
USZ/OCCURRENCE
Silver plating, bactericide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) High toxicity via oral and inhalation routes of exposure
2) Ingestion may cause corrosion of gastric mucosa
3) See CYANIDE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 21 rug/kg
2) 250 ^.g for 24 hours is a severe eye irritant in. rabbit
3) 50 nig for 24 hours is a severe skin irritant dose in
rabbit
TLV/TWA » 5 mg/ra3 (skin) (as CN)
0.01 mg/m3 (soluble compounds, as Ag)
-------
PRONAMIDE
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
Proraamide
Propyzamide
Kerb
3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethy1-
2-propynyl)benzamide
0 H CH3
II I I
C-N-C-CSCH
CH3
USE/QCCURHZNCZ
Herbicide
HEALTH EFFECTS
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 5620 mg/kg
TLY/TV/A = N.A.
-------
1,3-PROPANE SULTONE
SYNONYI-I STRUCTURE
2,2-dioxi
-------
PROPIONITRILE
see ETHYL CYANIDE listing
-------
PROPYLTHIOURACIL
gyWQNYM STRUCTURE
6-propyl-2-thiouracil CH3CH2CH2
USE/OCCURRENCE
Thyroid depressant drug; has been used as a veterinary
metabolic depressant
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Resorted to be teratogenie in humans
3) An experimental neoplastic agent
4) Side effects as a result of exposure have been reported to
include agranulocytosis (low white blood cell count),
leukopenia, dermatitis, drug fever, and possible liver
injury
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral TDLo ir. woman producing a teratogenic effect » 1680 rag/kg
(exposure during weeks 1-40 of pregnancy)
TLV/TV/A » N.A.
-------
2-PROPYN-l-OL
3YIIOHYM STRUCTURE
propargyl alcohol HC 2 CCH2OH
e thyny1-me thano1
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, chemical intermediate, pesticide
HEALTH EFFECTS
•
, l) Extremely toxic via oral and dermal routes of exposure
2) Irritating to skin and mucous membranes
3) A CliS depressant
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 70 ug/kg
2) Inhalation LC50 in rat « 2000 rag/m3 for 2 hours
3) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 88 mg/kg
4) Inhalation" LC50 in mouse » 2000 mg/m3 for 2 hours
5) Oral LD5Q in nous-e »50 iag/.kg
TLV/TVA » 2 mg/ra3 (skin)
-------
PYRIDINE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
azine
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, chemical intermediate, denaturant for ethyl alcohol; by-product
of coke and cigarette combustion
HEALTH EFFECTS __
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT); same label .
2) Absorbed via 31 tract and inhalation
3) An irritant of conjunctiva of eye and cornea, and of mucous membranes
of the upper respiratory tract and skin
4} High concentration exposure may cuase narcosis and death
5) Repeated, intermittant, or continous low level exposure may lead to
transient effects on the CMS and 61 tract, including headache, dizziness,
anore ia, vomiting, low back pain, urinary frequency
6) Exposure can result in a photo-sensitized skin eruption
7) Other effect include hepatic and renal damage, fewer, and possible
stimulation of platelet production in bone marrow
3) Flammable and explosive when exposed to a flame and decomposes on heating
• to release cyanide fumes: salts penetrate rubber and plastic gloves
TOXICITY DATA
T) Oral L050 in rat » 891 nig/kg
2) Dermal LHSO in rabbit - 1121 mg/kg
3) 2 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
4) 10 mg for 24 hours is a mild irritant on rabbit skin
TU/TWA » 15 mg/m3
-------
QUINQNE
SYNONYM
1,4-benzoquinone
1,4-cyclohexadienedione •
• p-quinone
USg/OCCURRCNCg •
Oxidizing agent, chemical intermediate; used in dye, textile, tanning
industries: reacts with nitrogen compounds to form colored substances
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Readily absorbed via ingestion; inhalation, and the skin route
2) Quinone vapor is highly irritating to the eyes and only brief exposure
may result in corneal ulceration; chronic exposures may lead to corneal
stains, opacity, and structural damage to the cornea
.3) Solid, liquid, and vapor may cause severe irritation of the skin, nose,
and throat resulting in discoloration, swelling, and papule/vesicle
formation: prolonged contact may lead to local necrosis (tissue death)
4) Experimental studies have shown that acute oral or dermal poisoning
may result in chronic convulsions, respiratory difficulties, drop in
blood pressure, and death via paralysis of the medullary centers
5} Chronic exposure to vapors in industrial settings has not been reported
to result -«n systemic effects
6) An experiraental/feumor-forming agent
TDXfCITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 130 rag/kg
2} Intravenous LOSO in rat * 25 mg/kg
3) Intraperitoneal LOSO in mouse * 3500 ug/kg
* 0.4 mg/ra3
-------
RESERPINE
SYfiOMYM
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl
methyl reserpate
STRUCTURE
OCH3
ooc
''H
OCH3
U3E/OCCUUREMCK
Hypotensive drup;, tranquillizer, sedative; isolated from the
root- 01* ftawolfia s.
HEALTH EFFECTS
l) An experimental teratogen and carcinogen which has also
been reported to be tcrato^enic in humans
2) Ueserpine crosses the placenta and has produced side effects
in delivered infants (nasal congestion, lethargy, extreme
sedation, and depression)
3) In humans, a dose of O.C14 :.in/k£ has produced psycho tropic
effects
4) Side effects of use may include nasal stuffiness, weight
gain, diarrhea, lowered heart rate, fatigue, and drowsinesr.
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral TDLo in woman producing teratojzenic (birth defect)
effects * 80 ug/kg per day (exposure during 32-3 6 til. - .
week of pregnancy)
2) Oral TDLo in human producing possible tumori^enic
effects » 9100 ug/kc for 5 years (internittant dosing)
3) Oral LD50 in mouse » 390 mg/k^
4) Intravenous LDSO in mouse a 21 mr./kp,
lo) Intravenous LUliO in rat » 15 rag/kjj
6) Intravenous LDSO in dog » 500 ug/k£
TLV/TOA » N.A.
-------
RESORCINOL
SYNOITYM
m-dihydro xybenzene
1,3-benenediol
3 -dihy ro xypheno 1
re so re in
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
A weak antiseptic, fungicide; used in tire and rubber products,
wood adhesive resins', UV absorber in plastics, dye intermediate
(especially hair dyes), explosives, specialty adhesives
synthetic tanning agents; by-product of coal conversion;
a component of cigarette smoke •
TK EFFECTS
1) A primary skin irritant; may cause eye injury and
dermatitis in sensitive individuals
2) Resorcinol can act as an acute systemic poison once it is
absorbed through the skin (in a solvent) or ingested: may
result in local hyperemia, itching, dermatitis, edema,
corrosion associated with enlargement of regional lymph
glands, rsetheiaoglobineiaia, cyanosis, convulsions,
tachycardia (rapid heart rate), dyspnea, and possible death
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human » 29 nig/kg —
2) Oral L350 in rat » 301 mg/kg
3) Dermal LE50 in rabbit » 3360 mg/kg
4) 100 ag is a severe eye irritant dose in rabbit
5) SCO ag is a skin irritant dose in rabbit
TLV/TV/A » 45 mg/ai*
-------
SACCHARIN
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
anhydro-o-sulfamine-
benzoic acid .
S02
(saccharin) (sodium saccharin,
soluble)
USE/OCCURRENCE
Non-nutritive artificial sweetener used primarily in
diet soft drinks; used in formulations for electroplating
bath brighteners
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) .Experimental feeding studies (1948-1977) have shown
that saccharin is a weak carcinogen of the urinary
bladder and female reproductive organs, and has
caused lymphomas or leukemias (Epstein, 1973)
2) Has been reported to retard growth at very high doses
when given to experimental animals
3) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic
fumes of SOX and NOX
TOXICITY DATA
TLV/TWA « N.A.
-------
SAFROLE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
4,-allyl-l,2-methylene- H
dioxybenzene HC-CH»CH2
USE/OCCURRENCZ
A natural component of sassafras oil formerly used in root
beer flavorings; a pesticide whose use has been cancelled
by the USEPA (voluntary) ; used fn denaturing fats In soaps
manufacture and also, tn the manufacture of heHotrop-frr
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental mutagen
TQXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 1950 aig/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse « 2350 rag/ks
3) Intraperitoneal LDLo in mouse = 64 mg/kg
4) 500 mg for 24 hours is a moderate skin irritant in rabbit
TLV/TVA » N.A.
-------
SELENIOUS ACID
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
An alkaloid reagent; see SELENIUM listing j
an oxidizing agent
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) High toxicity via oral and intraperitoneal routes
2) Selenious acid, aisodium salt, is an experimental
rautagen
3) See SELENIUM listing
•TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in rat » 25 mg/kg
2) Intraperitoneal LDLo in rat * 10 mg/kg
3) Intravenous LD50 In mouse » 11 mg/kg
4) Oral LD50 in rat » 7 mg/kg (selenious acid, disodium salt)
5) Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat » 3 mg/kg (selenious acid,
aisodiun salt)
TLY/TV/A » 0.2 mg/ia3 (as Se)
-------
SELENIUM ANB COMPOUNDS, N.O.S,
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Se(-2), Se(+2)
3e(-(.4)f Se(+S)
US£/OCCURREMCS
ivianuf ac ture of glass, electronic devices, pigments, ayes,
insecticides, veterinary medicine., photocopying, anti-
dandruff shampoos; found in the sludges and sediments from
electrolytic copper refining, may be recovered in flue oust
from burning pyrites in sulfuric acid manufacture. -
HEALTH ZFFECTS
1) elemental selenium is relatively non-irritatin? and poorly
absorbed by the body, although soluble salts (sodium
selenite) appear to be efficiently absorbed from the GI
tract and intact skin (anti-danaruff shampoo use)
2) Selenium oioxide and selenium oxychloride are strong
vesicants (blister-forming agents) which may cause skin
destruction upon exposure; these compounds are also strong
irritants of the upper respiratory tract, eyes, and
mucous membranes of the stomach
3) Selenium dioxide exposure may result in an allergic
uticarial, generalized skin rash and in a pink discoloration
of the eye lids ("rose-eye")
4) Selenium oxide may cause extfcemely painful nail beds of the
fingers after exposure
5) Hydrogen selenide is an irritant gas
5) Acute selenium poisoning results'" in central nervous system
effects including nervousness, drowsiness, and possibly
convulsions; acute selenium dioxide inhalations-exposure
may produce pulmonary edema
7) Chronic selenium ingestion may produce lassitude, loss of
hair, discoloration and loss of fingernails, skin
eruptions, GI distress, and tooth damage
8) Chronic selenium inhalation symptoms may include pallor,
coated tongue, GI disorders, nervousness, "
-------
SELENIUM (CONT.)
10) Selenium has not been shown to be carcinogenic or
teratogenie in man
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LDLo in rat » 33 mg/kg for 8 hours
2) Intravenous LD50 in rat a 6.mg/kg
TLV/TV/A » 0.2 mg/m^ (selenium compounds, as Se)
-------
SELENIUM SULFIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
selenium monosulfide SSe
USE/OCCURRENCE
Ingredient in anti-dandruff shampoos
HEALTH EFFECTS
See SELENIUM listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in mouse » 370 rag/kg
2) Oral LDLo in rat » isO mg/ks
3) Oral LJDLo in rabbit * 55 mg/kg
TLV/r;/A - 0.2 mg/m3 (as Se)
-------
SELENOUREA
SYNONYM ' STRUCTURE
SeCNH4
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
See SELEL1UM listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 50 mg/kg
2) In-cravenous LD50 in mouse » 56 mg/kg
TLV/TVA » 0.2 mg/m3 (as Se)
-------
SILVER AND COMPOUNDS, N,0,S,
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
, Ag(+2)
USE70CCURREHCE '
Photographic materials, electroplating, dental alloys, solder and
brazing alloys, paints, jewelry, silverware, coinage, mirror production,
treatment of gonorrhea! Inflammation 1n newborns, germicide, antiseptic, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) All forms of silver are extremely cumulative once they enter the body
tissues and very little is excreted
2) May be absorbed via inhalation, ingestion,"mucous menbranes, or
broken skin: efficiency by any route is poor
3) Silver(I) nitrate is an OXIDIZER (DOT)
4) Chronic occupational exposures have resulted in the production of
a greyish pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes (arayria);
generalized argyria involves widespread pigmentation'.of the skin
surfaces with"possible skin blackening with a metallic luster, as well
as silver depostlon in blood vessel walls, fcldneys, testis, pituitary,
etc., once deposited, silver pigmentation is permanent; the onset of
5} visible argyrfa begins at a total dose of 0.9 grams of silver
5) Silver nitrate dust and solutions are highly corrosive to the skin,
intestinal tract, and eyes, (blindness may result )
£} Industrial and medicinal exposures have been implicated as causative
factors 1n kidney and lung lesicns, and possibly arteriosclerosis
7) Medicinal use of colloidal silver has been reported to result in
bronchitis
8) Effects of acute dosing with colloidal silver 1n experimental studies
have included hemolysls, pulmonary edema, congestion, and death
9) Silver is an experimental carcinogen via implantation (solid state]
Silver exhibits nutritional antagonism to selenium, vitamin E, and
copper
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing skin effects » 1 mg/rn^
2) 1 mg is a severe eye irritant dose in rabbit (silver ammonium nitrate)
-------
SILVER (CONT.)
3) 1500 ug is a severe eye irritant in rabbit (silver ammonium lactate)
4) Oral LD50 in mouse » 100 mg/kg (colloidal silver)
5) Oral LD50 in mouse « 50 mg/kg (silver(I) nitrate)
6) LDLo in man » 29 mg/kg (silver(I) nitrate, unknown route)
1 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit (silver(I) nitrate)
Also see SILVER CYANIDE listing
TLV/TWA » 0.1 mg/m3 (silver metal)
0.01 mg/m3 (soluble compounds, as Ag)
-------
SILVER OfflNDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
AgCN
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Stiver plating
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) See CYANIDE listing
3) See SILVER listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat » 123 mg/kg
2) 20 mg for 24 hours in a severe eye irritant
in rabbit .
3} .500 mg for 24 hours is" a mild skin irritant
in rabbit
TLV/TWA
» 0.01 mg/m, (soluble'compounds, as
5 mg/m (cyanides, as CN/skin)
-------
SODIUM CYANIDE
SEE CYANIDE LISTING
-------
STREPTOZDTOCIN
SYNONYM
N-D-glucosyl-(2)-N'-nitrosomethyl inea
SIR
USE/OCCURRENCE ' H
Antibiotic drug used in cancer chemotherapy;
isolated'from S. achromogenes fermentation broth
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (NCI)
3) An experimental mutagen and neoplastic agent
4) Streptozotoan has the structure on an N-methyl-
nitrosamine, a class of powerful carcinogens
5) . Produces diabetes mellitus In rats and dogs when administered at a
dose level of 50 og/kg
TQXICITY DATA
1) Oral TDLo in human producing gastrointestinal effects
1044 mg/kg for 5 days
2) Intravenous. TOLo in woman producing~systemic effects ;
170 mg/kg for 3 weeks
3) Intravenous LDlo in woman * 440 mg/kg for 65 weeks
(.interim'ttant dosing)
4) Oral LD50 in mouse * 264 mg/kg
5) Intravenous L'050 in rat » 138 mg/kg
6) Intravenous LDLo in dog '• 25. mg/kg
TLV/TWA » N.A. ' •
-------
SUUTTE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Strontium nosulfide
SrS
USE/OCCURRENCE •
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Chemical toxldty of stable strontium 1s very low
( Sr, an Isotope of strontium, Is toxic due to its
radioactivity)
2) Strontium maybe essential for normal mammalian growth
(I.e., calcification of bone and teeth)
3) Resembles calcium in Its action and function; absorbed
from the 61 tract in limited amounts depending somewhat
on dietary calcium levels
4) Excess strontium in the body tends to be stored in the
teeth and bones
5} Experimental studies have indicated that massive intra-
venous does of trontium result in EKG changes, increased
salivation, nausea, diarrhea and sudden death due to respiratory
TOXIC ITY DATA paralysis
TLV/TWA » N.A. ' »
-------
STRYCHNINE *ND SALTS
SYNONYM
various compounds
USE/OCCURRENCE
A rodentioide whose use has been restricted by the USEPA; alkaloid extracted
from seeds of Strychnos nut-vomica. etc.; use in mammalian predator control
cancelled and suspended by USEPA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A very poisonous alkaloid via oral, intravenous, intra peritoneal, and
subcutaneous routes w
2) Dimethoxy strychnine and strychnine salt, solid,have POISON B (DOT)
designations
3) Strychnine poisoning is characterized by irritability, muscular
twitching, a sense of impending suffocation, severe convulsions
without loss of consciousness, increasingly violent spasms, with
death eesulting from asphyxia or involvement of vital brain centers
4} When heated, emits highly toxic fumes
TOXrCITY DATA
1) Oral LOLo in human » 30 mg/kg
2) LDLo in man * 1103 ug/kg (unknown route)
3) Oral LD50 in rat » 16 mg/kg
4) Oral L050 in rat » 5 mg/kg (strychnine sulfate)
5) 'Oral LD50 in rat * 1 mg/kg (dimethoXy strychnine, Brucine)
6) Oral LOLo in dog * 1100 ug/kg
7) Oral LOLo in rabbit - 600 ug/kg
3) Intravenous L050 in mouse "410 ug/kg
9) Intravenous LOLo In mouse » 600 ug/kg (strychnine nitrate)
10) Intravenous L050 in mouse * 475 Ug/kg (strychnine sulfate)
' 0.15 mg/m (strychnine) ' *
-------
TARS
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons see individual listings
PAH
USE/OCCURRENCE
Sources of PAH include incomplete burning of organic materials (C-H free
radicals are formed which then polymerize), soot, coal tar, coal gas, coke
oven emissions, tobacco smoke, petroleum, cutting oils, etc.; examples of
PAH include benz(a) anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, 3-methyl cholanthrene,
HEALTH EFFECTS DH8A, etc.
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAS)
2) Experimental studies have shown that PAH are readily absorbed across all
epithelia
3) As a class, PAH contain some of the most extensively studied chemical
carcinogens: the first compounds shown to be involved in chemical
carcinogenosis
4) Carcinogenic PAH have been shown to induce tumors both at the site of
application arwlln organs distant to the site of absorption, and these
effects have^emonstrated in almost all tissues and species tested,
regardless of the route of administration
5) Epidejniological studies of workers in industrial settings exposed to
PAH-containing materials have linked such exposures to lung cancer
6) Cytotoxlc effects of exposure seem to be centered in rapidly
proliferating tissues such as bone marrow, lyraphoid tissue, etc
7) Acute and chronic effects nay include selective destruction of
hematopo-ietlc and lyraphoid elements, ovotoxidty, anti-spermatogenic
effects, adrenal necrosis, and changes in the intestinal and respiratory
epithelia: however, even above no-effect levels, the threat of
carcinoma would predominate
TOXrClTY DATA
0.2 mg/ra (coal tar pitch volatiles, as benzene solubles)
(Human Carcinogen)
-------
L2A5-TEnWHJORCBENZBE
SYNONYM
benzene tetrachlon'de
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate in 2,4,5-T production, etc,
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Chlorinated benzenes liquid can be absorbed via inhalation and through
the skin
2) Chlorinated benzenes are skin, conjunctiva, and upper respiratory mucous
membrane irritants
3) Toxicity of chlorinated benzenes generally decreases as the number of
substituted chlorine atoms increases.
4) Acute exposure to chlorinated benzenes may result in drowsiness,
incoordination, unconsciousness, and possible liver damage
5) Chronic exposure to chlorinated benzenes may result in liver, kidney
and lung damage as reported in experimental studies
6) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides
TOXFCITY DATA
1) Oral LOSO in rat » 1500 mg/kg
2) Oral LDSO in mouse « 1035 mg/kg
TIV/THA - M.A.
-------
2,3,7,3-TEJRAQiORQDIBBCD-p-DIQXIN (TCDD)
STRUCTURE
USE/OCCURRENCE
A contaminant of the chlorophenoxy herbicide 2,4,5-T; also formed as a
contaminant during the production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol from
1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Extremely high toxicity via oral and dermal routes
2) Workers exposed to TCDO during 2,4,5-T manufacture have developed
chloraene, muscular weakness, loss of appetite and weight, sleep
disturbances, orthostatic hypotension, abdominal pain, liver impairment,
hyperpigmentation of the skin, hirsutism (excessive hair growth),
and psychopathological changes
3) An experimental teratogen, carcinogen, and mutagen
4) Experimental studies have indicated that chronic exposure results
in liver and thymus damage
5) TCDD is a potent inducer of hepatic and renal microsomal drug
metaboli zi ng enzymes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat (male and female) * 22-45 ug/kg
2) Oral LD50 ini mouse « 114 u^/kg
3) Oral LDLo in monkey » 70 ag/kg
4) Oral LDLo in rabbit - 10 ug/kg
5) Oral LDLo in dog » 3 mg/kg
6) Dermal LD50 in rabbit » 275 ug/kg
7) Dermal LDLo in mouse * 80 ag/kg
8) Oral LD50 in guinea pig » 600 ng/kg
9) 2 mg is a moderate eye irritant in rabbit
T1.V/THA » N.A.
-------
TETRAOWRDETHAfC H.O.S,
See 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE listing
SYNONYM STRUCTURE:
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 200 mg/kg
2) Inhalation LCJ.O in rat » TOGO ppm for 4 hours
3) Dermal LD50 in rabbit - 3990 mg/kg
35 mg/m3 (skin) (1 ,1»2,2-tetrachloroethane)
-------
U,L2, -
SYNONYM STauCTURc
C13CCH2C1
USE/OCCURRENCE •
Solvent, chemical intermediate
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Chronic exposure may produce 1iver
damage
2) Chloroethanes are absorbed rapidly
via oral and inhalation routes
TOXICITY DATA
1) TOO rag is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
2} 500 mg for 24 hours is dermal irritant in rabbit
TLV/THA » N A ' l
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
C12CHCHC12
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Dry cleaning agent, chemical intermediate,
solvent, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAS)
2) RApidly absorbed via oral and inhalation routes
3) Some evidence indicates absorption via the skin
affects the CNS only
4) Exposure can induce narcotic effects, paralysis of
certain muscles, (including the heart) blood changes
headache, constipation, nausea, liver dysfunction,
pulmonary edema, renal damage
5) Repeated or prolonged contact can produce dermatitis
6) Experimental mutagen
7) Oxidative decomposition by UV radiation or by contact
with hot metal results in the formation of small quantities
TOXrCITY DATA of phosgene, HC1,CO,C02 or dichloroacetylchloride
1) Oral TDLo in human » 30mg/lcg (CNS effects)
2) Inhalation TCLo in human * 1000 mg/m for 30
minutes (CNS effects)
3) .Inhalation LClo in rat * 1000 ppm for 4 hours
4} Oral L050 in dog 3 300 mg/kg
TLV/TWA • 35 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
TETRACHIDROETHYLENE
SYNONYM
Perch!oroethylene
PCE
carbon d1chloride
STaucruag
Cl
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, degreaser, formerly used as a fumlgant; a common air contaminant,
widespread in'the environment
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CAS)
2) Exposures may result in dermatitis; eye and nose irritation, liver
and kidney effects, and possible anesthetic death at lethal concentrations
3) Chronic exposures have been reported to result in impaired liver
function
4) PCE tends to accumulate in body fat'biological half-life * 65 hours
5) An experimental mutagen
8) When decomposed, highly toxic fumes of chloride are emitted
TOXrCITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing systemic effects » 96 ppm for 7 hours
2) Inhalation TCLo in man producing eye effects * 280 ppm for 2 hours
3) Inhalation TCLo in man producing CMS effects * 600 ppm for 10 minutes
4) Inhalation LCLo in rat * 4000 ppm for 4 hours
5) Oral L050 in mouse * 8100 mg/kg
6) 162 mg is a mild eye irritant in rabbit
7) 810 for 24 hours is a severe skin irritant in rabbit
670 mg/irr (skin)
-------
TElM}iJDROMEIHAI€
SEE CHLOROFORM LISTING
-------
TETRACHLOROPKENOLS
SYNOMY*1
STRUCTURE
(2,3,4,6-TCP)
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chlorinated phenols are chemical intermediates, pesticides, disinfectants,
antigumming agents; tetra chlorophenols have been isolated from flue gas
condensates of municipal incinerators
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) 2,3,4,8-tetrachlorophenol is a strong uncoupler of oxidative
phosphorylation and also affects other enzyme systems
2) Emit highly toxic fumes when heated to decomposition
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat » 140 ing/kg
2) Subcutaneous 1050 fn rat » 210 rag/kg
3} Oral LD50 in mouse » 400 mg/kg (2,3,4,5-TCP)
4) Oral L050 in rat - 140 mg/kg (2,3,4,6-TCP)
5) dermal LD50 in rabbit « 250 mg/kg (2,3,4,8-TCP)
5) Oral LD50 in mouse « 109 mg/kg (2,3,5,6-TCP)
TL7/TMA
-------
SYNONYM
Sulfotepp
Bladafume
Oithione
TEDP
0,0,0,0-TErRCIHYL DITWIOPYRDFWSPKATE
H-C-O
H5C2°
STRUCTURE
S S
ll
- 0 -
OC2H5
USE/OCCURRENCE'
Organophosphate Insecticide, acaricide
*
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral rat LD50 » 5 mg/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit * 20 mg/kg
3) Intramuscular. LD50 in rat * 55
TI.V/TWA » Q.2 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
TETRAETHYL LEAD
See LEAD, TETRAETHYL listing
-------
1ETR/SETHYL FWHOSPHATH
SYNONYM
TEPP
Tetron
OC2H5
USE/OCCURRENCE
Organophosphorous insecticide: related compounds have been used as nerve gas
chemical warfare aqents . see PABATHION listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON B (DOT); the DOT label 1s POISON
2) TEPP exposure results in irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase
with a subsequent accumulation of acetylcholine in the body
3) Oraganophosphorous insecticide poisoning effects smooth muscles, the
heart, exocrine glands, skeletal muscles, and the central nervous
system: a wide variety of symptoms have been reported
4>) In cases of lethal poisoning, the immediate cause of death is asphy ia
due to respiratory failure
5) Exposure may result in local, systemic, and/or delayed neurot xic effects
6) Small doses at frequent time intervals are largely additive
7} When heated, emits highly toxic fumes
3) See PARATHION listing
TOXIC I TY DATA
1) Oral LOLo in human * 2 rag/kg
2) Oral TDLo in human producing CNS effects » 432 ug/kg
3) Oral LDSO in- rat -.500 ug/kg
4) Oral LDSO in mouse '» 7 rag/kg
5) ' Intramuscular LOLo in human » 500 -u«/kg ---------
6) Intramuscular L050 in rat • 1300 ug/kg
7) Parenteral TDLo in 'luman producing CNS effects » 100 ug/kg
8) Dermal L050 in rabbit * 5 mg/kg
9) Ocular LDSO in- rabbit « 1 mg/kg
TI.V/THA » 0-05 m9/m (skin)
-------
TETRAMETHYL LEAD
See LEAD, TETRAMETHYL listing
-------
TMLIC OXIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
thallium peroxide
thallium sesqinoxide 23
USE/OCCURRENCE
See THALLIUM listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) See THALLIUM listing
2) Experimental studies have suggested that
thallium oxide is more toxic orally than
. by intravenous or intraperitoneal adminstration
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 22 rag/kg
2) Oral LOLo in dog « 34 mg/kg
3) Oral LDLo in rabbit * 34 mg/kg
4) Intraperitoneal LDLo in rat » 80 mg/kg
5) Intraperitoneal LOLo in rabbit » 67 mg/kg
6) Intravenous LDLo in rabbit » 44 mg/kg
TLY/TWA » o.l mg/m3 (skin) (soluble compounds/as Tl )
-------
THALLIUM AND COMPOUNDS, N.O.S.
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
See Individual listings
Tl^thallous ion)
Tl^thallic ion)
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Thallium and its compounds are used as pesticides,
catalysts, phosphor activators, in the manufacture of
optical equipment, in alloys, special glassmanufacture, etc.
its medical use for epilation (hair removal) has been almost
discontinued; the thallous ion is the more stable and common form
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) An extremely toxic and cumulative poison
2) May be absorbed via inhalation, ingestion,
and percutaneous routes
3) Acute poisoning (Ingestion) results in
gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal colic,
vomiting, insomnia, loss of kidney function,
peripheral neuritis, strabismus (mis-alignment
of the-eyes), dlsorientatior, convulsions, joint
pain, hair loss; death may result due to CMS damage
4) Moderate or long term exposures may result in fatigue^
limb pain, metallic taste in the mouth, loss of hair^
peripheral neuritis, proteinuria, and joint pain
5) Chronic exposure may produce optic atrophy, paraesthesias
(skin numbness, etc.), changes in eye response, loss of
vision has been related to industrial exposures, adrenal
gland damage, nervous system degeneration, pulmonary
edema, and liver and kidney effects
6) Estimated lethal dose in humans is 8-12mg/kg • .
7) Thallium compounds emit highly toxic fumes
when heated
8) Thallium freely crosses the placenta
9) Also see individual THALLIUM compound listings
TOXICITY DATA
1) LOLo in man » 4412 mg/kg (unknown route)
2) Also see individual listings of thallium compounds
TLV/TWA » Q.l mg/kg (skin) (soluble compounds/as Tl)
-------
THALLIUM (I) ACETATE.
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
thallous acetate
USE/OCCURRENCE •
See THALLIUM listing
HEALTH KFgKCTS
1) See THALLIUM listing
2) Children have been reported to tolerate a dose of 8 mg/kg
TOXICITY DATA
1) Human LDLo * 26 mg/kg (unknown route of administration)
2) Child LDLo - 8 mg/kg (unknown route)
3) Oral LDLo In rat - 25 mg/kg
4) Oral LD50 In mouse « 35 mg/kg
5) Oral LDLo in dog - 13 mg/kg
6) Oral LDLo in rabbit • 25 mg/kg
7) Sufacutanaoas LDLo in mouse - 500 mg/kg
8) Subcutaneous LDLo in rabbit - 5 mg/kg
TLV/THA » 0.1 mg/nr (soluble compounds, as Tl)
-------
THALLIUM (I) CARBONATE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
thallous carbonate Tl-CO-
USE/OCCURRENCE
Used in the manufacture of imitation diamonds; sefc THALLIUM listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
See THALLIUM listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in rat » 23 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse a 21 mg/kg
3) Subcutaneous LDLo in rat « 18 mg/kg
4) Subcutaneous LD50 in mouse=27 mg/kg
TLV/TWA « 0.1 mg/m3 (skin) (soluble compounds/as Tl )
-------
MUUM (I) CHUJRIIE
SYNONYM . STRUCTURE
thallous chloride TI Cl
thallium monochloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
See THALLIUM listing ' catalyst in chlorinations
HEALTH EFFECTS
See THALLIUM listing
TQXICITY DATA
1} Oral 1050 in mouse * 24 ing/kg
2) Intraperitoneal L050 in mouse * 24 mg/kg
JLV/JWA » 0.1 mg/m (skin) (solubl'e compounds/as TI)
-------
mum CD NITRATE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
thallous nitrate Tl NO,
USE/OCCURRENCE
See THALLIUK listing; analytical chemistry reagent
HEALTH EFFECTS
See THALLIUM listing
TOXICITY OATA
1) Oral TDLo in man producing CMS effects * 73 mg/kg
2) Oral L050 in mouse * 33 mg/kg
3) Oral LDLo in dog » 45 rag/kg
4) Subcutaneous LOLo in rat * 20 ag/kg
Tl.y/TWA » o.l mg/m3 Cskin) Csoluble coMpounds/as TT)
-------
TM1ILH SELENITE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Thallous selenite TlSe
USE/OCCURRENCE'
See THALLIUM .listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) See THALLIUM listing
2) See SELENIUM listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in rat » 50 rag/kg
Tl.V/TWA » 0-1 "ig/ra (skin) (soluble compounds) as Tl)
-------
TWLLIUn (I) SULFATE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
thallous sulfate Tl-SQ,
USE/OCCURRENCE •
The suTfate salts of thallium had been used as insecticides' and
rodenticides: all pesticide products have been suspended and cancelled by
USEPA
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON 8 (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) Thallous ion (It) is readily absorbed through the skin or gastrointestinal
tract
3) Toxic effects of exposure may include gastrointestinal disturbances,
hair loss, polyneuritis of the legs and feet, leg weakness or paralysis,
psychic disturbances, neuritis of the optic nerve, and possible,
cataracts
4) Thallous sulfate is a chronic poison and cummulates in liver, brain, and
skeletal muscle; a cellular toxicant like arsenic
5) The fatal human dose is about 500 mg (Tl); many reported fatalities
6) Also see THALLIUM listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LOLo in human * 3 mg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in mouse * 29 mg/kg
3) Subcutaneous LDLo in rat * 13 mg/kg
TLV/THA - 0.1 mg/m3 (skin) (as Tl
-------
THIQACE1MEE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
acetothioamide S
ethanethioamidte . ||
CH3CNH2
USE/OCCURRENCE
Analytical*, reajgent, HS substitute
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental mutagen and neoplastic agent
3) Acute exposures may result in liver cell necrosis
4) The target organ of the thioamides is the thyroid gland with respect to
carcinogenic action although in some cases the liver has been involved
TOXICITY OATA
1) Oral LDSO in rat » 200 mg/kg
2} Intraperitoneal: L050 in mouse * 300 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
THIQSEMICAKBAZIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
N-aminothionrea NHg CSNHNH,
USE/OCCURRENCE
Reagent for metal detection
i •
HgALTH EFFECTS
1) Extremely toxic via the oral route
TOXrCITY QATA
1) Oral LOSO in rat » 9160 wg/kg
2) Oral LD50 in dog » 10 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in cat » 20 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
THIQUREA
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
2-thiourea H2NCSNH2
thiocarbamide .
THU
USE/OCCURRENCE
Photograplric fixing agent, , vulcanization accelerator,
component 1n resins manufacturing, etc.; formerly used
as an antithyroid drug
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC) .
2) Reported to cause bone marrow depression,
anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, allergic
skin eruptions, and goiter formation
3) Experimental mutagen
4) 'When heated to decomposition, emits highly
toxic fumes of SO.,
TOXICITY DATA
1} Oral TDLo in human producing blood effects
1660 ing/kg for 5 weeks
2} LDLo in man ».147 mg/kg (unkown route)
3) jQral L050 in rat » 125 mg/kg
4) Oral LD50 in mouse * 8500 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
THIURW
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
thiram S S
tetramethylthiuram disulfide |J ||
bis-(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide (H3C)2NC-SS-CN(CH3)2
disulfiram
USE/OCCURRENCE
Rubber accelerator, vulcanizer, disinfectant, component in antiseptic sprays
and soaps, carbamate pesticide, etc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Excessive exposures may result in rhinitis, sneezing, mucous membrane
conjunctivitis, skin Irritation with erythema (acute redness) and
ut±car±a( eruptive skin rash), allergic contact dermatitis, vomiting,
lassitude, salivation and profuse sweating
2) Exposure with concurrent ingestlon of alcohol results in violent nausea,
vomiting, palpitation, rapid pulse, dizziness, and hypotension:
thiram is tructurallly related to the anti-alcohol medication
"Antabuse"
3) An experimental t era to gen and mutagen
4) Acute toxicity studies in animals have resulted in liver, kidney, and
brain damage
5) A reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
TOXrCITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing pulmonary effects * 30 U8'a for
5 years (Intermittant exposure)
2) Oral L050 in rat » 560 mg/kg
3) Oral 1050 in mouse * 1350 mg/kg
5 mg/m
-------
TOLLHC
SYNONYM • STRUCTURE
toluol
methyl benzene
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate, solvent, fuel component
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) FLAMMABLE LIQUID (DOT); same DOT label
2) May cause irritation of the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin
3) May cause dermatitis
4) Acute exposure results in GNS depression, insomnia., collapse, coma
5) In rare cases of high exposure, anemia, leucopenia and enlarged liver may
be found
5) Toluene can be contaminated with benzene (a suspected etiologic
agent in human leukemia)
7) Teratogenic in mice
8) Reports of menstrual disturbances in female workers exposed to several
solvents including toluene
9) Toluene can decrease the body's metabolism of other administered
' chemicals
TOXICITY DATA
1) 300 ppra is an eye irritant in human
2) Inhalation TCLo in human » 100 ppm (psychotropic effects)
3) Inhalation TCLo in human producing CMS effects * 200 ppm
4) Oral LD50 in rat - 5000 mg/kg
5) 'Dermal LI350 in rabbit » 14 g/kg
6) 2 mg for 24 hours is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
7) 870 ug is a mild eye irritant in rabbit
Tl-V/THA • 375 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
TOLUENE-2,4-DIAf1INE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
3-amino-p-toluidine
2,4-tolamine
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical Intermediate
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) Has a marked toxic effect on the liver
3) Can cause Irritation and blistering of skin
4) Emits toxic fumes when heated
5) An experimental mutagen
TOXICITY HATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat * 260 mg/kg
2) 100 mg for 24 hours is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
3) 500 mg for 24 hours is a mild skin irritant
TIV/TMA =
-------
o-TOLUIDINE HYDRDCHLDRIDE
SYNONYM
2-toluidine hydrochloride
1 -am1no-2-methy1 benzene hydrochloride
USE/OCCURRENCE
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (NCI)
3) Main route of absorption 1s via Inhalation
4) Symptoms of exposure Include headache, weakness, difficulty in
breathing, air hunger, psychic disturbances, marked 1n1tation of the
kidneys and b. dder
5) Toluldine has been reported to Influence ferric hemoglobin levels in
the body which can contribute to asphyxiation
6) When heated, emits highly toxic fumes
7) Also see ANILINE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat » 2951 mg/kg
2) Intraperitoneal L050 in rat * ISO mg/kg
22 mg/m (o-toluidine)
-------
TDLYLBE DIISOCYANATE
SYNONYM
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate CTDI)
toluene 2,5-d1fsocyanate
USE/OCCURRENCE
STRUCTURE
NCO OC
NCO (2,6-isomer)
(2,4-1somer, TDI)
Intermedfate In the production of poly-urethane foams; coatings, elastomers,
and spande fibers (TDI); a common air contaminant
HEALTH EFFECTS - (all data refers to the 2,4-isomer)
1) POISON 3 (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) A severe irritant of the eyes (permanent damage may result), respiratory
tract, and skin (blistering can result)
3) Symptoms of exposure may include bronchitis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, wheezing, pulmonary edema, and possible death at lethal
concentrations
4) Ingestion may result in burns of the mouth and stomach
5) Asthmatic sensitization has been reported among workers
5) Chronic exposures may result in decreased lung function
7) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes
TOXICITY DATA - (all data refers to the 2,4-isomer unless otherwise stated)
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing pulmonary effects '
2) Inhalation TCLo in human producing an irritant effect
3) Inhalation LD50 in rat * 600 ppra for 4 hours
4) Oral LDSO in rat » 5800 ing/kg
5) 100 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
6) Inahlation TCLo in human producing an irritant effect
0.02 ppm for 2 years
* 0.5 ppm
30 ppb (2,6-isomer)
TLV/C » 0.14 mg/m (2,4-isomer)
-------
1DXAPHENE
SYNONYM STRUCTUag
octachlorocaraphene CH, ^^
chlorinated camphene \Xx/Ssx
Strobane-T ' CH?| ' I
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide; use restricted by USEPA'
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CA6)
2) Toxic and lethal amounts can enter the body orally, dermal!y, and via
inhalation
3) Systemic absorption is increased by the liquid preparation and the
presence of digestible oils
4) A moderate skin irritant
5) Toxic exposure can result in generalized convulsions and possible
death from respiratory failure
6) Lethal dose for man is estimated to be 2 - 7 grams, a toxicity of
about 4 times that of DDT
7) An experimental mutagen
3) Bioaccumulates
9) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of chloride
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LDLo in human * 40 mg/kg
2) LDLo in man » 44 mg/kg (unknown route)
3) Oral LD50 in rat * 40 mg/kg —
4) Dermal LD50 in rabbit - 1025 rag/kg
5) Dermal LD50 in rat » 600 mg/kg
6) Oral LD50 in dog « 15 mg/kg
TlV/TWA * 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
bromoform
methenyl tribromide
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediate, solvent, component
in fire-resistant chemicals and gauge fluids; may
be formed during watarchlorination; produced
by natural sources (esp. red a1 age)
HgALTH EFFECTS
1) Absorbed via inhalation, GI.tract, and the skin
2) Metabolites of bromoform may include carbon monoxide,
and the brominated analog of phosgene
3} A respiratory tract irritant, narcotic, and metabolic
poison: symptoms of 1 on dose exposures may include
headache, listlessness, and vertigo while more
acute poisoning may result in unconsciousness, loss of
reflexes, convulsions, and possible death due to
respiratory failure; liver damage also has been reported
4) Experimental studies have shown liver and kidney damage
5) An experimental neoplastic agent (tumor causing) and mutagen
6) When heated to decomposition emits highly toxic fumes
TOXrCITY OATA
1) Oral LD50 in mouse » 1400 mg/kg
2) Subcutaneous~t050 in mouse * 1820 mg/kg
3) Subcutaneous LOLo in rabbit » 410 mg/kg
5 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
TRICHLCROBENZB1ES
SYNONYM
STRUCTURE
1, 2, 3 - 1, 2, 4 - and 1, 3, 5
trichlorofaenzene
TC8
(1,2,4)
USE/OCCURRENCE
Herbicide, termite control agent
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) The US,?- and 1,2,3- isomers have induced experimental loss of
hair (alopoecia) and are moderate skin, eye, and mucous membrane
irritants
2) Liver injury has been reported after J,2,3— isomerexposure
3) See TETRACHLOR08ENZENE listing for health effects of chlorinated benzenes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat » 756 ing/kg 0, 2, 4 - TCB)
2) Oral LD50 in mouse - 766 mg/kg (1, 2, 4 - TCB) ~~ -
3) 1950 mg for 13 weeks (intermittant dosing) is a moderate skin irritant
in rabbit (1, 2, 4 - TCB)
TLY/TVA » 40 mg/m3 (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene)
-------
1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
See TRICHLOROBENZENES listing
-------
STRUCTURE
methyl chloroform C13CCH3
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, degre.aser, carbon tetrachloride substitute; highly stable in the
troposphere; formerly used as a fumigant (pesticide uses cancelled)
1 HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Readily abosrbed via oral and inhalation routes
2) The liquid and vapor are eye irritants
3) Repeated contact can cause dermatitis
4) Acts systemically as a narcotic and CNS depressant with acute exposure
symptoms of dizziness, ncoordi nation, drowsiness, unconsciousness,
possible death
5) Cardia arrhythmia possible consequence of exposure
6) Exposure to high concentrations may induce a type of liver pathology
7) Upon contact with hot metal- or exposure to UV radiation, it will
decompose to form the irritant gases HC1, phosgene, and dichloroacetylene
8) At ambient temps, hydrolyzes to acetic and hydrochloric acids.
9} Attacks natural rubber
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LCLo in man » 27 grams/m for 10 minutes
2) Inhalation TCLo in man producing psychotropic effects » 350 ppm
3) Oral TCLo in human producing gastrointestinal effects » 570 mg/kg
4) Inhalation TCLo in human producing CNS effects « 920 ppm for 70 minutes
5) Oral LD50 in rat - 10300 mg/kg
6) Inhalation LCLo in rat « 1000 ppm
7) Oral LD50 in dog « 750 mg/kg
1900 mg/m3
-------
LL2-TRICHLDRDEnW€
STRUCTUag
vinyl trichloride C12CHCH2C1
USE/OCCUKRENCE
Chemical intermediate, solvent
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CA6)
2) Comparable to carbon tetrachloride
3) Rapid oral and inhalation absorption; dermal
absorption could be significant
4) Has narcotic properties and acts as a
local irritant to eyes, nose and lungs
5) Chronic exposures may be injurious to liver
and kidneys
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 1140 mg/kg
2) 162 mg is a mild eye irritant in rabbit
3) 810 mg for 24 hours is a severe dermal irritant
•in rabbit
45 mg/m3 (skin)
-------
TRiaiUORDETHYLBE
STRUCTURE
ethylene trichloride cigC-CHCl
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvent, chemical intermediate, dry cleaning agent, used in.chemical
extraction of caffeine from coffee, degreaser
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) CARCINOGENIC (CA6)
2) Readily absorbed by all routes of exposure
3) Has been shown to cross the placenta
4) May cause eye, nose, throat irritation, possible dermatitis
5) Acute exposure depresses the CNS leading to headache, dizziness,
irregular heart beat, intoxication, and possible death
6) Addiction and peripheral neuropathy
7) Chronic exposure can lead to CNS and PNS disturbances, and to liver
damage
3) Experimental mutagen
9) Cardnogenicity and mutagenicity in experimental studies has been
questioned due to presence of toxic contaminants
TOXICITY DATA
1) 5 ppm is a human eye irritant
2) Oral LDLo in human » 7 gm/lcg
3) Inhalation TCLo in human producing CNS effects » 160 ppm for 83 minutes
4) Inhalation TCLo in human producing irritant effects * 110 ppm for 8 hours
5) Oral LD50 in rat » 4920 mg/kg
5) 20 mg for 24 hours is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
7) 500 mg for 24 hours is a severe skin irritant in rabbit
535 mg/m
-------
TRIOLDRDFUJORDPEnWE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Freon II FCC1.
fluorotrichloromethane
USE/OCCURRENCE
.Refrigerant, aerosol propel!ant (current government regulations should be
consulted as most aerosol propell ant uses were banned in the United States
as of 3/17/79)
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) See CHLORINATED FLUOROCARBONS listing
2) May be absorbed via ingestion, skin route, and Inhalation
3) Elimination of fluorocarbons from the body is via expired air
4) Exposure to high concentrations may result in narcosis and anesthesia
5) High concentrations have been shown to induce cardiovascular and pul'monary
effects in experimental studies
6) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of fluorides and
chlorides
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TC50 in human producing eye effects » 50000 ppm for 30 minutes
2) Inhalation TCLo 1n human producing peripheral nervous system effects «
50000 ppm for 30 minutes
3) Inhalation LC50 in mouse * 10 pph for 30 mintues
4) Inhalation LC50 in rabbit 3 25 pph for 30 mintues
5) Inhalation LCLo in rat a 10 pph for 20 minutes
TI.V/TWA » 5600 mg/m
-------
TRICHLOROMETHANETHIOL
-------
TRICHLOROPHENOLS
STRUCTURE
(2.4,5-TCP)
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chemical intermediates, germicide (2, 4, 5 - TCP); trichlorophenols can
form as a result of metabolic degredation of chlorophenoxy herbicide's;
they are also found in flue gas condensates from municipal incinerators
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) Chlorinated phenols have a strong irritant effect via oral, dermal, and
inhalation routes
2) Most available trichlorophenols contain contaminating amounts of highly
toxic TCDD
3) 2, 4, 5 - TCP has been reported to be an experimental neoplastic agent
4) Powerful uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation
5) When heated to decomposition, they emit highly toxic fumes
TOXICITY DATA
1) (2, 3, S - TCP) intraperitoneal L050 in rat * 308 mg/kg
2) (2, 4, 5 -'TCP) Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat » 355 mg/kg
3) (2, 4, 5 - TCP) oral LD50 in rat » 820 mg/kg
4) (3, 4, 5 - TCP) Intraperitoneal L050 in rat * 372 mg/kg
TLV/THA =
-------
2A5-TRICHLOROPHENOL
See TRICHLOROPHENOLS listing
-------
2A6-TRICHLOROPHENOL
SYNOMY«1
STRUCTURE
phenachlor
2, 4, S - TCP
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Wood preservative, bactericide, antlraildew treatment
See TRICHLOROPHENOLS listing
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) A POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (NCI)
2) A convulsant
3) SEE: TRICHLOROPHENOLS LISTING
TOXICITY OATA
1) Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat * 276 rag/kg
2) Oral LD50 in rat - 820 mg/kg
3) 250 ug for 24 hours is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
-------
2^,5-TRICHLDRDPHB!OXYACEnC ACID (2A5-D
SYNONYM
2,4,5-T
STRUCTURE
OCH-COOH
i &
USE/OCCURRENCE
Chlorophenoxy herbicide; use restricted by USEPA^chlorodioxfn contaminants
not allowed
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) SUSPECTED ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental teratogen and mutagen
3) Readily absorbed orally and via inhalation
4) Symptoms of exposure may include weakness, lethargy, anorexia, diarrhea,
ventricular fibrilation and/or cardiac arrest and death
5) Chlorophenoxy herbicides have produced contact dermatitis in man, and
chloracne in workers involved in 2,4,5-T manufacture
6) The toxicity of the Chlorophenoxy herbicides has been attributed at
least in part to contaminants such as TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorod1benzo-p-dioxin
7) See also 2,4-0 listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 300 mg/kg
2) Oral L050 in mouse * 389 mg/kg
3) Oral LD50 in-dog » TOO mg/kg
4} Oral LD50 in mammal * 500 mg/kg
TLV/THA • 10 mg/nf
-------
Z^.S-TRICHLDRDPHBCXYPRDPRIONIC ACID (2A5-TPKSILVBQ
SYNONYM ,. STRUCTURE
Silvex • CH.
2,4,5-TP
Fenoprop
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Chlorinated phenoxy herbicide; use of SIT vex has been restricted by USEPA,
chlorodloxin contaminants not allowed
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) An experimental teratogen •
2) Experimental studies have indicated liver and kidney damage as a result
of exposure
3} Chlorophenoxy herbicides have produced contact dermatitis in man, and
chloracne in workers involved 2,4,5-T manufacture
4) The toxicity of the Chlorophenoxy herbicides has been attributed at
.least in part to contaminants such as TCOD
(2,3,78-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)
5) See also 2,4,5-T listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 650 mg/kg
2} Oral LD50 in mammal - 650 mg/kg
-------
TRICHLORDPROPAfE N.O.S.
SYNONYM
1,1,1-trichloropropane
1,1,2-trichloropropane
1,2,2-trichloropropane
1,2,3-trichloropropane
USE/OCCURRENCE
Solvents, degreasing agents, crosslinklng agent (1,2,3-1somer)
STRUCTURE
C13CCH2CH3 (1,1,1-isomer)
C12CHCHC1CH3 (1 ,1,2-1somer)
C1CH2CC12CH3 (1,2,2-isomer)
CKH2CHC1CH2C1 (1,2,3-isomer)
HEALTH EFFECTS
See 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) 100 ppm for 15 minutes is an irritant dose in human eye
(1,1,1-trichloropropane)
2) 20 nig is a severe eye irritant in rabbit (1,1,1-trichloropropane)
3) 20 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit (1,1,2-trichloropropane)
4) 140 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit (1,2,3-trichloropropane)
5) Inhalation LCLo in rat - 8000 ppm for 4 hours (1,1,1-trichloropropane)
6) Inhalation LCSO in rat » 2000 ppm for 4 hours (1,1,2-trichloropropane)
7) Inhalation LCLo in rat » 320 mg/kg (1,2,3-trichloropropane)
8) Oral L050 in rat * 1250 mg/kg (1,1,2-trichloropropane)
9) Oral LD50 in rat » 1230 mg/kg (1,2,2-trichloropropane)
1 300 mg/m (as 1,2,3-trichloropropane
-------
L2>TW(HJOROPRDRfltE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
trichlorohydrin Cl-CH2-CHC1
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Paint and varnish remover, solvent, degreasing agent, crossMnking agent
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) High concentrations are irritating to eyes and mucous membranes
2) Exposure to elevated levels can cause narcosis
3) A possible liver toxicant
4) As a class, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons emit highly toxic fumes
of phosgene when heated to decomposition
5) Can see cumulative toxicity: a lipid solvent
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 320 rag/kg
2) Dermal LD50 in rabbit * 1770 mg/kg
3) 140 mg is a severe eye irritant in rabbit
4) 20 mg of 1,1,2-TC propane or 1,1,1-TC propane is a severe eye irritant
•in rabbit
TLV/THA > 300 ™9/n»
-------
LL2-TRICHJDRD-L2,2-TRIFUJORDEniAf£
STRUCTURE
Freon 113 FClaC-CClF2
USE/OCCURRENCE
See CHLORINATED FLUOROCARBQMS listings
HEALTH EFFECTS . _
1} See CHLORINATED FLUOROCARaONS and TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE listings
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing a CMS effect * 4500 ppra
2) Inhalation LCLo in rat * 37000 ppra for 6 hours
3) Oral LD50 in rat » 43 grams/kg
4) 500 mg is a mild skin Copen 1 irritant dose in rabbit
TI.V/THA » 76QO
-------
0,0,0-TRIElWL PHDSPHORDTHKMTE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
triethyl thlophosphate S
HC0 — P
USE/OCCURRENCE.
Platicizer, lubricant additive, antifoam agent, hydraulic fTuid, chemical
intermediate
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) An organophosphate which may be expected to produce symptoms of
chloinesterase inhibition in humans.: see PARATHION listing
2) May be assumed to be absorbed dermal!y and via the oral route based
on studies done on the structurally similar insecticide derneton
3) Triethyl phosphate, a possible metabolite of 0,0,0-tHethyl
phosphoro-thioate, has been reported to be a weak experimental mutagen
4) The structurally related insecticide demeton has been reported to induce
. mild teratpoenic ajid reproductive effects in experimental studies
5) See-DISULFDTOK listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation LClo in rat » 41 ppm for 4 hours
2) Intravenous LDLo in rat * 250 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
TRINITRQBEGENE
STRUCTURE
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene. NO?
USg/QCCURRENCg
Explosive, vulcanizing agent for natural rubber; powerful and brisant
HEALTH EFFECTS
1} CUSS A EXPLOSIVE (DOT); the DOT label is EXPLOSIVE A
2) Experimental toxicity studies have indicated that exposures result in
liver and CNS damage
3) Acute exposures induce methemoglobin formation in vivo
4) Also see INITROBENZENE listinq
5) When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes(NO and explodes
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat »505 mg/kg
2) Oral DL50 in mouse -572 mg/kg
3) Intravenous LD50 in mouse * 32 mg/kg
N.A.
-------
TRIS CMZRIDINYU PHDSPHINE SULFIDE
STRUCTMS
TIFOSYL
Trfetnylenethiopnorotri amide
Thio-TEPA
USE/OCCURRENCE
Alkylating antineoplastic drug
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) PSOITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN
2) An experimental mutaqen and teratogen
3) Side effects of use may include nausea, anorexia (loss of appetite), and
bone marrow depression
TQxrcm DATA
1) Oral TDLo in woman producing a carcinogenic effect * 17 mg/kg for 56 weeks
(intermittant exposure) ,
2) Parenteral TDLo in man producing CNSeffects • 631 ug/kg
3) Intravenous L050 in rat * 1 mg/ktr
4) Intravenous LD50 in monkey * 2 mg/kn
5) Oral LD50 in mouse a 38 mg/kq
-------
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Firemaster T23P
Tr1S"8P (CH2BrCHBrCH2)3POd
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Used as a flame retardant 1n childrenis sleepwear
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (NCI)
2) An experimental mutagen and neoplastlc agent
3) Can be absorbed through the skin or Ingested by infants after sucking
on their sleepwear
4) May cause testicular atrophy and sterility
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat » 1010 mg/kg
2) Intraperitoneal LD50 in mouse » 300 mg/kg
—3.) 500 mg for 24 hours is a severe skin irritant in rabbit
4) SOOrag for 24 hours is a moderate eye irritant in rabbit
TLV/TWA » N.A.
-------
THYWNHJJE
SYNONYM
amidine blue 48
chrome leather blue 38
naphthylamlne blue
USE/OCCURRENCE'
Dye/color agent
STRUCTURE
tfHj OH
oH VXa
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC)
2) An experimental teratogen
TOXICITY DATA •
1) Intraperitoneal LOLo in rat * 300 mg/kg
2) Intravenous LOLo in rat * 300 mg/kg
TLV/THA - N.A.
-------
URACIL MUSTARD
£M™ STRUCTURE
Demethyldopan
5-(bis(2-chloroethy1)amin«)uracil
USE/OCCURRENCE
Alkylating ant'ineoplastic drug
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POSITIVE ANIMAL CARCINOGEN (IARC/NCI)
2) An experimental mutagen, neoplastic agent and teratogen
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral LD50 in rat * 7500 ug/kg
2] Intraper-ftoneal LD50 in rat * 2800 ug/kg
TLV/THA. MJL
-------
UREIWNE
See ETHYL CAR8AMATE listing
-------
VANADIC ACID, AWQNIUM SALT
STRUCTURE
ammonium v ana date
ammonium metavanadata
USE/OCCURRENCE •
Dyeing and printing on woolens, wood staining, pottery finishing, inks
production, photographic developer, analytical reagent
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) See VANADUUM PENTOXIDE listing for health effects information on
vanaduim compounds
2) Highly toxic via oral route
TOXICITY DATA
1) Oral L050 in rat - 18 mg/kg
TLV/THA * N.A.
-------
WNADIUM PBITOXIDE (DUST)
SYNONYM STRUCTURc
vanadic an-hydride
USE/OCCURRENCE
Industrial catalyst In oxidation reactions, used in glass and ceramic glazes,
a steel additive, used in welding electrode coatings; vandium compounds are
common air contaminants; some medicinal use
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) An eye irritant which may produce profuse lacrimation and a burning
sensation of the conjunctiva (membrane covering the eye)
2) A skin irritant which may cause intensely itching exzematous lesions,
or a generalized uticaria (eruptive skin rash)
3) Exposure may result in a greenish discoloration of the tongue
'4) Vanadium compounds are also respiratory tract irritants: brief exposures
may result in serous or hemorrhagic rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal
mucous membranes), sore throat, cough, trachcitis, bronchitis
expectoration, and chest pain; exposures to higher concentrations of
dust may result in pulmonary edema and pueumonia which can be fatal
5) Recovery after inhalation of high levels of dust may include persistant
bronchitis attacks resembling asthma, and>dyspnea (labored breathing)
6) Other effects, linked to industrial vanadium exposures, include GI distress
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cardiac palpitation, tremor, nervous
depression, and kidney damage
7) Vanadium compounds, once inside the body, inhibit cholesterol synthesis •
and chollnesterase
3) Experimental studies have reported effects on adrenals, bone marrow,
and liver as a result of exposure to vanadium compounds
9) No chronic-type effects have been reported; however, there have been
postulates that heart disease is-related to vanadium air pollution
and cadmium
TOXICITY DATA
1) Inhalation TCLo in human producing pulmonary effects » 346 mg/m
2) Inhalation TCLo in human producing an allergic system response *
1 mg/m for 8 hours 3
3) Inhalation LCLo in rat - 70 rag/ra for 2 hours
4) ' Oral L050 in rat » 10 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » 0.5 mg/m3 (as V205 dust)
TLV/C » 0.05 mg/m3 (as V205 fume)
-------
VINYL CHLORIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
chloroethylene C
USE/OCCURRENCE ' . . ,
Vinyl monomer.for polyvinyl chloride, solvent, a chemical Intermediate, etc.;
all pesticide products containing vinyl chloride as an active or inactive
ingredient have been cancelled or suspended for use in the home, food handling
establishments, hospitals or in enclosed areas (fLS&PA)
HEALTH EFFECTS
;:: 1) POSITIVE HUMAN CARCINOGEN (IARC) of several organs, including
angiosarcoma of the liver
• • 2) FLAMMABLE GAS (DOT); same label
> 3) A skin irritant, may cause frostbite upon evaporation of liquid
] 4) Eyes may be immediately and sever!y irritated
I 5} A CNS depressant: acute exposures can result in death
• - 6) Chronic exposures may res>Ut 1n acroosteolysis, Raynawd's phenomenon,
I" and sclerodermatus skin changes
J 7) On standing, forms peroxides in air and can explode; when heated to
decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of phosgene
• 8) Large fires of this material are practically in extinguishable
I 9) An experimental mutagen and carcinogen
TOXICITY DATA .. _ ..
1) Inhalation TCLo in man producing a carcinogenic effect » 500 pom for
4 years (intermlttant exposure)
2) Inhalation TC in man producing a possible tumorigenic effect «~200 ppm
for 15 years (intermlttant exposure)
3) 'Inhalation TCLo in rat producing a carcinogenic effect » 50 ppm for
52 weeks (intermlttant dosing)
4) Oral L050 in rat » 500 rag/kg
10 mg/m
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VINYUDBC CHUDRIIE
See 1,1-OICHLOROETHYLENE listing
' i
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ZINC CYANIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Zn(CN)2
USE/OCCURRENCE '
Electroplating, removing NH, from producer gas; formerly us6d as an
antineurotic drug
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) POISON 8 (DOT); the DOT label is POISON
2) See CYANIDE listing
TOXICITY DATA
1) Intraperitoneal LDLo in rat * 100 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » 5 mg/m3 (skin) (as CN)
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ZINC PHOSPHIDE
SYNONYM STRUCTURE
Mous-Con P?Zru
Kilrat
Phosvin
USE/OCCURRENCE •
Rodentlcide
HEALTH EFFECTS
1) FLAMMABLE SOLID (DOT); the-DOT label is FLAMMABLE SOLID and DANGEROUS
WHEN WET
2) High toxicity via the oral route; reacts with H-0 and HC1 in the
gastrointestinal tract to produce phosphine gas which causes severe
gastrointestinal irritation
3) Reacts violently with acids, acid fumes, and moisture to emit highly
toxic and flammable phosphine gas which inhaled in sufficient
concentration can cause fatal pulmonary edema
4) When heated, may emit highly toxic fumes of POx
5) Reacts with acids to form flammable phosphine gas
TOXrCITY DATA
1} Oral LDLo in woman * 20 mg/kg
2) Oral LDSO in rat * 40 mg/kg
TLV/TWA » N.A.
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Appendix I. Acute Toxicity Rating System 1
Rating . Oral L050 (rat) Dermal LD5Q (rabbit)
Extremely Toxic < 5 rag/kg < 5 mg/kg
Highly Toxic 5-50 mg/kg 5-200 mg/kg
Moderately Toxic > 50-500 mg/kg > 200-500 mg/kg
Slightly Toxic > 0.5-5 g/kg > 0.5-5 g/kg
Relatively Nontoxic > 5 g/kg > 5 g/kg
1 Michigan ONR, 1980
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REFERENCES
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygiem'sts; Threshold
Limit Values for Chemical substances and Physical Agents in the
Workroom Environment with intended Changes for 1980. ACGIH. Cincinatti,
Ohio, 1980.
Berg, G., editor; Farm Chemical Handbook. Meister Publishing Co.,
wmoughby, Ohio, 1976.
Casarett, J. and Ooull, J.; Toxicology. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.,
New York, 1975.
Epstein, S.; The Politics of Cancer. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco,
CA, 1978.
Key, M., et al., editors; Occupational Diseases. OHEW (NIOSH) Publication
No. 77-181, Washington, O.C., 1977 (revised).
Lewis, R. and Tatken, R., editors; Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
Substances, Volumes I and II. OHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 80-111, 1979.
Loomis, T.; Essentials of Toxicology. Lea 4 Feibiger, Philadelphia, PA, 1978.
Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Critical Materials Register, 1980.
State of Michigan DNR, Publication # 483.J-W24, Lansing, Michigan, 19BU.
Sax, I.; Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. Fifth Edition. Van
Nostrand, New York, 1979.
Stecher, P., et al., editors; The Merck Index . Merck and Co., Inc.,
Rahway, N.J., 1968 and 1975 editions.
USEPA; Backround Documents; RCRA, Subtitle C, Appendix A. Volumes I 4 II.
US EPA Office of Solid Waste, Washington, O.C., 1980.
USEPA; Suspended and Cancelled Pesticides. USEPA Office of Public _
Awareness, OPA 159/9, Washington, D.C., 1979.
USEPA; Acceptable Common Names and Chemical Names for the Ingredient Statement
on Pesticide Labels, Third Edition. USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs.
EPA-540/9-75-011, Washington, O.C., 1975.
Winter, R.; A Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives. Crown Publisher's,
Inc., Mew York, 1973.
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