905R87103
             Report  on
      Assessment  of  Minnesota
     Pollution  Control Agency's               ~j\ f.
  Ambient Water Quality Monitoring
             Network
                 by
          Ihsan Eler, P.E.
        Arthur Lubin, Ph.D.
  Environmental Monitoring Branch
  Environmental Services Division
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      Chicago,  Illinois 60605
           July, 1987

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                                                       905R87103
                             TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                                  Page

   I.  Executive  Summary                                             1

  II.  Introduction                                                  2

III.   Description of Monitoring Stations                            8
       1.  Station Locations, Types, Objectives
       2.  Classification of Monitoring Areas
       3.  Station Siting Purposes
       4.  Analyses of Parametric Coverage and Sampling  Frequency
       5.  Monitoring Station Network Deficiencies

 IV.   Statistical Analysis                                          1R
       1.  Data and Setting
       2.  Statistical Procedures

  V.   Results                                                       20
       1.  Eight  Year Trend Analyses
       2.  Non-Point Source Pollution Trends
       3.  Point  Source Pollution Trends

 VI.   Conclusions                                                   35
      Appendices

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I.  Executive Summary

This report presents an assessment of water quality trends in Minnesota
as represented by fixed station ambient water monitoring data stored  in
USEPA's STORE! data bases. The period of study is from January  1978  to
December 1985 and covers 75 fixed ambient monitoring stations. Approx-
imately 70,000 observations were analized to get the statistical  trends
for this study. The overall objective of this is report to assess fixed
ambient monitoring network station, parametric coverage and to determine
current water quality trends of streams in Minnesota and types of pollu-
tion sources impacting the surface waters.

Water quality, as determined by the trend analyses for the past eight
year period, has shown some change in Minnesota. In fact, the following
types of pollution showed increasing trends as indicated by the analysis
of monitoring data:
0  Point source pollution increased at 8% and decreased at 7% of the
   stations.

0  Non-point source pollution trends increased at 12% of the stations.


As a result of this study, the following changes to Minnesota's ambient
monitoring network are recommended:

0  Conduct biomonitoring and bioassays at monitoring stations where increased
   pollution trends were observed.

0  Expand monitoring of sediments and water column for toxic variables  at
   the existing stations or establish new ones to detect toxicants.

0  Eliminate or relocate those stations based on trend indications and
   professional judgement.

0  Avoid duplication by sharing monitoring information with the neigh-
   boring states that have common waterbodies with Mi nesota.

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II.  Introduction

     The 1972 Water Pollution Control  Act  Amendments  (PL-92-500) require the
     states to monitor water quality and  report their  findings to Congress bi-
     annual ly via 305(b)  reports.  In partial  fulfillment of the requirements
     of this Act, states  and EPA operate  and  maintain  fixed monitoring stations
     as a part of their ambient monitoring efforts.

     The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA)  operates and maintains 75
     fixed ambient monitoring stations on  a rotating basis to monitor the states'
     water quality. The objectives of these ambient water quality monitoring
     network of stations  are to:

     0  Assess long term trends in water  qualilty;

     0  Assess the effectiveness of pollution control  efforts;

     0  Determine effects of Point and Non-point  sources on stream quality;

     0  Determine the overall water quality at specific  locations.

     Thus, the overall objective of this  report is  to  assesses Minnesota's
     fixed ambient monitoring network stations locations, parametric cover-
     age, to determine water quality trends of surface waters and pollution
     impacts. To achieve this objective,  the following aspects of ambient
     monitoring stations were evaluated,  analyzed and  summarized:

     1.  Station location, type and objective;

     2.  Classification of the monitoring area;

     3.  Classifation of station siting purpose;

     4.  Parameter coverage and sampling  frequency;

     5.  Uses of data collected;

     6.  Pollution trends.

     This  study analyzed fixed station monitoring data stored  in  STORET
     for the period beginning in January 1978 and ending on  December  1986.


     In Table 1, the  list of Minnesota's monitoring stations  is  given with
     their  respective map locations are shown on  Figure  1.

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\  TMfc-WNj^/ ROS-%1  Jr-J
i	I	
           RED
   K-1.8  «IVER
                                                             LAKE OF
                                                            THE WOODS
                                                              BASIN
                                 UlPPER
                              MISSISSIPPI
                   ~     •
                                                                        Minnesota
                                                                        Water  Quality
                                                                        Monitoring
                                                                        Network
                                                                       Routine Sompling
                                                                       Stotion

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Table 1.  Minnesota Routine Monitoring Network  stations
                   LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN
     River
1.   Beaver River*
2.   St. Louis Bay*
3.   St. Louis Bay
4.   St. Louis River*
5.   St. Louis River
6.   Whlteface River***

7.   Whiteface River***


8.   Minnesota River

9.   Minnesota River*
10.  Minnesota River
11.  Minnesota River
12.  Minnesota River*
13.  Minnesota River
14.  Blue Earth River*

15.  Elm Creek

16.  Cedar Run Creek

17.  Pomme de Terre R.
18.  Redwood River
19.  Cottonwood River
Station


SLB-1
SL-9
SL-38
SL-110
WF-22

WF-27
                                  Location
                                  li miles SW on CSAH-3 from junction
                                  of CSAH-4, li miles north of Beaver
                                  Bay
                                  Below interstate 535 bridge, Duluth
                                  Bridge on SH-23 at Fond du Lac
                                  Bridge on USH-2 near Brookstone
                                  Bridge on CSAH-7 near Forbes
                                  Bridge on CR-29, 1 mile south and
                                  2 miles west of Kelsey
                                  Bridge on CSAH-7, i mile south of
                                  Kelsey
                   MINNESOTA RIVER BASIN
                   MI-3.5         Fort SnelUng State Park-below
                                  airport landing lights
                   MI-64          Bridge on SH-19 at Henderson
                   MI-88          Bridge on SH-22 at St. Peter
                   MI-133         Bridge on CSAH-24 at Courtland
                   MI-196         Bridge on SH-19 and USH-71 at
                                  Mortan
                   MI-288         Bridge on SH-40, 3 miles U of Milan
                   BE-0          At confluence with Minnesota River
                                  in Sibley Park above dam, Mankato
                   EMC-18         Bridge on CSAH-149, 5 miles SE of
                                  Truman
                   CDR-12.8      Bridge on CSAH-9, 4 miles NW of
                                  Trlmont
                   PT-10          Bridge on SH-7 at Appleton
                   RWR-1          Bridge on CSAH-101 at North Redwood
                   CO-0.5         Bridge E of SH-15 bridge at New Ulm

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 Table 1. (cont'd)
                             MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN
     River
20.  Mississippi River*
21.  Mississippi River
22.  Mississippi River
23.  Mississippi River
24.  Mississippi River*

25.  Mississippi River
26.  Mississippi River
27.  Mississippi River
28.  Mississippi River
29.  Mississippi River
30.  Mississippi River
31.  Mississippi River*
32.  Mississippi River*
33.  Mississippi River
34.  Mississippi River*
35.  Sauk River*
36.  Crow River, N Fork
37.  Rum River
38.  Cannon River
Station
UM-698

UM-714

UM-738
UM-815
UM-826

UM-840

UM-859

UM-895
UM-914
UM-930
UM-982
UM-1172

DM-1186

UM-1292
UM-1365

SA-0
CRN-6

RUM-34
CA-13
Location
Bridge on USH-14 at LaCrosse,
Wisconsin
Lock and Dam #6, near LaMoille,
across via WI
Lock and Dam #5, SE of Minneiska
Lock and Dam #2 at Hastings
J.L.Shiely Company Larson Plant
Dock at Grey Cloud Island, Cottage
Grove
St. Paul Rowing Club dock below
Wabasha Street bridge, St. Paul
Minneapolis waterworks intake,
Fridley
Bridge on SH-25 at Monticello
Bridge on SH-24 at Clear-water
Bridge on SH-152 at Sauk Rapids
Bridge on SH-115 at Camp Ripley
Bridge on CR-441, 5 miles SE of
Grand Rapids near Blackberry
Bridge on SH-6, 6 miles SW of
Cohasset
Bridge on CSAH-8, E of Bemidji
Bridge on USH-200, i mile U of Lake
Itasca (town)
Bridge on CSAH-1, N of St. Cloucl
Bridge on CSAH-14, 4 miles W of
Rockford
Bridge on CSAH-5 at Isanti
Bridge on CR-1, 1 mile SE of
Clinton Falls

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        Table 1.  (cont'd)
        River
   39.  Straight River

   40.  Long Prairie River
   41.  Zumbro  River,
        S.Fork
   42.   Whitewater River

   43.   Root River
   44.   Vermin ion River
  45.  Garvlri Brook

  46.  Swan River

  47.   Swan River
 48.  St. Croix River*
 49.  St. Croix River
 50.  Kettle River

 51.   Cedar  River*
 52.   Cedar  River

 53.   Shell Rock River

54.  Red River*
55.  Red River
  Station
  ST-18

  LPR-3
  ZRS-20

 WWR-26

 RT-3
 VR-32.5
 GB-4.5

 SW-8.6

SW-4.1

ST. CROIX RIVFP
                  Location
   n«    °r f?'
   Clinton Falls
                                    m1le SE
                  Bridge on  USH-10,  S  of  Motley
                            CSAH'14' 3 m11es N of
                 Bridge on county road E i of
                 Section 2, T106, RIO, NW of Utica
                 Bridge on SH-26, 3 miles E of Hokah
                 Bridge on Blain Avenue,  Farmington
                 Bridge on CSAH-23,  1.5 miles  SW  of
                 Minnesota River
                                             ' of
                                                                         ' of
 SC-17

 SC-111

 KE-11
 C 4 NW Railway bridge at Hudson,
 Wisconsin
 Bridge on SH-48, 2 miles W of
 Danbury, Wisconsin
 Bridge on SH-48, 4* miles E of
 Hinckley
   CEDAR RIVER  BASIN
 CD-10
CD-24
 Bridge on CSAH-14,  3  miles  S  of
 Austin
 Bridge on CSAH-2. 0.5 miles E
 of  Lansing
SR-1.5         Bridge on CSAH-1 near Gordonsville
   RED RIVER BASIN
RE-300
                              RE-403
At Grand Forks waterworks intake,
Alemont Ave. S., Grand Forks, N.D.
Bridge on CSAH-39, W of Perley

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Table  1.  (cont'd)
     River
56.  Red River*
57.  Red River
58.  Rabbit River

59.  Whiskey Creek
60.  Otter Tail River

61.  Otter Tall River

62.  Red Lake River*

63.  Red Lake River
64.  Snake River
65.  Two Rivers
     (Middle Branch)
66.  Roseau River

67.  Rainy River*
68.  Rainy River*
69.  Rainy River
70.  Kawishiwi River
71.  Baudette River
72.  Winter Road River
73.  Rapid River
74.  Big Fork River

75.  Little Fork River
Station        Location
RE-452         First Street Bridge, Moorhead
RE-536         Bridge on CSAH-18 at Brushvale
RBT-6          Bridge on US-75, 4 miles W.  of
               Campbel1
WSK-4.4        Bridge on US-75 at Kent
OT-1           Bridge on 4th Street N in
               Breckenridge
OT-49          Bridge on CSAH-15, 2i miles  W. of
               Fergus Falls
RL-0.2         Bridge on SH-220 at East Grand
               Forks
RL-23          Bridge on CSAH-15 at Fisher
SK-1.8         Bridge on SH-220, N of Big Woods
TMB-19         Bridge on USH-75, N of Hal lock

RCS-121        Bridge on CSAH-2 at Malung
  RAINY RIVER BASIN
RA-12
RA-83

RA-86
KA-10
BAU-0.1
WR-1
RP-0.1
BF-0.5

LF-0.5
International bridge at Baudette
International toll bridge at
International Falls
Railroad Bridge at Rainer
Bridge on SH-1 at Birch Lake
Bridge on SH-11 at Baudette
Bridge on SH-11, W of Baudette
Bridge on SH-11 at Clemenson
Bridge on SH-11, 4 miles
E of Loman
Bridge on SH-11, W. of Pelland
*   national fixed station network
**  acid rain streams
*** peat monitoring stations

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III.  Description of Monitoring  Stations


   1. Station Locations,  Types and  Objectives


      STORE! contains comprehensive information  for each station in Minne-
      sota's fixed ambient monitoring  network.   Specifically, for each
      station the following characteristics  are  included: waterbody, reach #,
      purpose, waterbody  type, parametric  coverage,sampling frequency, data
      entry into STORET,  siting  type,  location and site description, and siting
      purpose.  Minnesota's network includes the following categories of
      stations:

        0  upstream and downstream  of  major  metropolitan areas
        0  large and small streams
        0  streams influenced by Point and Non-Point  sources
        0  near the mouth of major  tributaries to the Mississippi
           and Minnesota  rivers
        0  on pollution free streams for background  reference

      Also in Table 2, each station's  specific characteristics,  location,
      parameters, basins, and other pertinent  information are shown.
      Fifty-eight stations are located in  rural  areas, nine are  in
      urban areas and eight stations are in  non-classifiable locations.
      Twenty stations are National  Network and fifty  five are state network
      stations. There are a total of 75 stations located in Minnesota as
      shown in Figure 1.  Eight are  paired  as upstream and downstream of
      municipalities, major dischargers or other non-point source impact
      sources. The remaining 67  stations are on: large and small streams,
      point and non-point source impact free streams  for background reference
      purposes.

   2. Classification of Monitoring  Areas

      In classifying stations by basins, 27  stations  are in the  Mississippi
      River basin, seven are in the Lake Superior basin, 12 are  in the Minne-
      sota River basin, 3 are in the Cedar River basin, 12 are  in the Red River
      basin, and 9 are in the Rainy River basin.  Furthermore, stations are
      classified into four categories based  on the types of pollution cate-
      gories, such as urban, industrial, municipal  and non-point as well as
      areas which are relatively free from pollution  so  as to qualify as
      pristine streams. These general  groupings  are  given in Table 4.

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3. Station Siting Purpose(s)

   All of the 75 stations are placed to measure basin status,  water
   quality standards attainment/maintenance and water quality  conditions
   for trends assessment purposes.  Fifty-nine stations detect  non-
   point source impacts and twelve  stations detect point source problems
   due to municipal  and industrial  dischargers. Four stations  detect
   basin level water quality. However non of the ambient stations  are
   located on streams near major waste disposal or Superfund sites
   where water quality maybe impaired by toxics form these locations.

4. Analysis of Parametric Coverage  and Sampling Frequency

   The MPCA generally follows the recommendations of the Water Monitoring
   Program Guidance in selecting parameters and sampling frequency  for
   fixed station monitoring. However, sampling frequency has been  redu-
   ced to nine months per year due  to budgetary constraints. The chemi-
   cal measurements as shown in Table 2 consist of dissolved oxygen,
   oxygen demanding substances, nutrients, solids and metals at all
   stations. The biological measurements are limited to fish tissue
   which has been sporadically conducted at the fixed stations during
   the past eight years.However, the MPCA conducts an extensive annual
   fish tissue monitoring program which covers a very limited  number
   of organic compounds and metals. The state's fish tissue residue
   monitoring program is not conducted at fixed network stations on
   a routine basis. A list of all the parameters for biological and
   chemical analyses are given in Table 3.

5. Monitoring Stations Network Deficiencies

   The following deficiencies were  observed in monitoring capabilities
   of the stations reviewed:

    0 Lack of monitoring on streams near major hazardous and  non-
      hazardous waste disposal facilities and Superfund sites.
    0 Biomonitoring for macro or micro invertebrates is not done.

    0 Routine monitoring for fish tissue residue is too sporadic
      at fixed monitoring stations.

    0 Toxics monitoring is not conducted at ambient monitoring sites.

    0 Bioassays are not conducted at any of the monitoring stations.

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                          10
Table 2-  MINNESOTA FIXED STATION MONITORING ANALYSIS MATRIX
Station
Number
UM-698
UM-714
UM-738
UM-815
UM-826
UM-840
UM-859
UM-895
UM-914
UM-930
UM-982
UM-1172
UM-1186
UM-1292
UM-1365
SA-0
CRN-6
RUM-34
CA-13
BV-4
SLB-1
SL-9
Basin
Miss.R.
ii H
M H
ii M
H H
M H
ii H
M n
M n
n n
n n
n n
II H
II II
II II
II II
II II
II II
II II
Lk.SUP.
ii ii
H II
Location
Purpose Type
C,W,B,NP,*,U,BG,I,M
C.W.B.NP S,BG
C,W,B,NP S.BG
C.W.B.PS M,I
C.W.B.PS *,U,M,S,I
C.W.B *,U,I,M,S
C,W,B *,U,I,M,S
C,W,B,NP R,S,BG
C,W,B,NP S,R,BG
C,W,B,NP S,R,BG
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C,W,B,NP S.R.BG
C,B,NP *,R,BG,S
C,W,B,NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP *,R,BG,S
C,W,B,NP *,R,BG,S
C,W,B,NP S.R.BG
C,W,B,NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C,W,B,NP *,BG,R
C.W.PS.B *,M,S,U
C.W.B.PS BG.S
Biological
Type Freq.
FT P


FT P
FT P
FT P
FT P
FT P

FT P


FT P

FT P
FT P



FT P
FT P

Chemical
Type Freq.
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
0,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
O.O.N.S.M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
0,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
0,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
0,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
Configutation
Single/Paired
Si
Si
Si-
Si
Si-
Si
Si-
Si
Si
Si-
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si-
Si
Si
Si
Si-
Si
Si-
Flow
Meas. 1




Yes
Yes


1






1
1



No
No

* See page 14 for Legend for Table 2

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                              11
Table 2(cont'd)   MINNESOTA FIXED STATION MONITORING ANALYSIS MATRIX
ion
ier
8
10
2
7
.5
>4
8
33
96
'88

18
12.8
0
1
.5
8
3
5.7
26

2.5
Basin
Lk.SUP.
H H
it M
H H
MINN Rv
H H
H it
n n
H n
n n
n n
n n
n n
M n
n n
n n
MISS Rv
n n
n H
n n
a n
n n
Location
Purpose Type
C.NP.W.B *,R,BG,S
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.PS S.ll.I.BG
C.W.NP *,M,R,BS
C.W.B.NP S,R,BG
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C.NP.W *,R,BG
C,B,W,NP S.R.BG
C.NP.W.B *,R,BG
C.W.NP S.R.BG
C.W.NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.PS S.R.M
C.W.B.PS S,R,M
C,W,B,NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.PS S,R,M
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.PS S.U.M.I
C,W,B,NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
Biological
Type Freq.
FT P



FT P
FT P
FT P

FT P

FT P








FT P


Chemical
Type Freq.
M.N.S.M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
D.O.N.S.M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
D,O,N,S,M MO
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D.O.N.S.M Mo
D.O.N.S.M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D.O.N.S.M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,n,N,S,M Mo
I
Conf igutation
Single/Paired
Si
Si
Pa
Pa
Si-
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Pa
Pa
Si
Si
Si-
Si
Si
Si
Si-
Si
Si
1
Flow
Meas.






i



Yes











Stream
Lake
S
s
S
S
S
<;
<;
s
s
s
s
S
s
S
S
s
s
S
s
S
S
S

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                             12
Table 2(cont'd)   MINNESOTA FIXED STATION MONITORING ANALYSIS MATRIX
tation
umber
B-4.5
WAN-8.6
WAN-4.1
C-17
C-lll
E-ll
0-10
D-24
R-1.2
E-300
E-403
:E-452
BT-6
SK-4.4
T-l
)T-49
IL-0.2
11-23
5K-1.8
FMB-19
1CS-121
iA-12
Basin
MISS.Rv
H H
H n
SAINT
CROIX R
n
n
CEDAR R
n
H
RED Rv
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
u
RAINY R
Location
Purpose Type
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
™»» 9 99
C.W.NP S.R.BG
C,W,NP S.R.BG
C.NP.W *,R,BG
C.B.W.NP S.R.BG
C,W,B,NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.PS *,R,M
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.PS S,M,R
C.W.B.NP *,U,M,I
C.W.B.NP S,BG
C,W,NP,B S.R.BG
C.W.NP.B S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP S,R,BG
C,B,W,NP S.R.BG
C.B.W.NP S.R.BG
C,B,W,NP *,M,I,U
C.B.W.NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C,W,B,NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP M.I.R
Biological
Type Freq.



FT P


FT P


FT P
FT P
FT P



FT P
FT P




FT P
Chemical
Type Freq.
n,0,N,S,M,P*H Mo
D.O.N.S.M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
D,n,N,S,M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
n,n,N,s,M MO
n,0,N,S,M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
n,n,N,s,M MO
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,n,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
P,0,N,S,M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
n,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
Conf iqutation
Single/Paired
Si
Pa
Pa
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si-
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Pa
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Flow
Meas.
Yes





















Str
Lak
s
S
S
s
S
S
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
1
1
s
s
s
s
1
s
s
s

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                                          13
              Table 2 (cont'd)  MINNESOTA FIXED STATION MONITORING  ANALYSIS  MATRIX
tat ion
umber
A- 83
A- 86
\-10
UJ-0.1
M
>-0.1
•-0.5
:-0.5
Basin
RAINY R
n
n
n
n
n
M
n
Location
Purpose Type
C.W.B.NP *,U,BG
C,W,B,NP S.R.BG
C.W.B.NP S.R.BG
C,B S.BG
C,B S,BG
C,B S.BG
C,B S,BG
C,B S,BG
Biological
Type Freq.
FT P







Chemical
Type Freq.
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,S,M Mo
D,0,N,M,S Mo
Configutation
Single/Paired
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Flow
Meas.








Stream
Lake
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
* Metals are not used as an indicator of long term water quality trends.

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                                  14
Legend for Table 2 - Minnesota Fixed Station Monitoring Analysis Matrix

Location
   Purpose

       C  -
       W  -
       B  -
       PS -
       NP -
   Type
       *
       S  -
       R  -
       U  -
       I  -
       M  -
       BG -
Conditions and Trend Assessment
Water Quality Standards Attainment/Maintenance
Basin Status
Point Source
Non-point Source
National Core Network Station
State Network Station
Rural
Urban
Industrial Dischargers
Municipal Dischargers
Background
Variables
   Biological

       FT - Fish Tissue

   Chemical
       D - Dissolved Oxygen
       0 - Oxygen Demanding
       N - Nutrients
       S - Solids
       M - Metals
       R - Radiochemical

    Frequency

       Mo - Monthly
       Y  - Yearly
       P  - Periodically

     Configuration

       Si - Single
       Pa - Paired

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                                       15
               Table 3.  Routine Water Quality Monitoring Parameters
     Monthly Analysis at all  Stations

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
STORE! Codes
00010
00300
00310
31613
31633
31639
00530
00400
00095
00630
00665
00625
00610
00605
Description
Temperature-C0 -field
Dissolved Oxygen-field
BOD5
Fecil Coliform
E. Coli
Enterococci
Suspended Solids
PH
Conductivity
Nitrite + Nitrate (N02+N0,)
Total Phosphorus
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Ammonia Nitrogen (NH-)
Organic Nitrogen
B.   Additional  Monthly  Analyses  at  Selected  Stations
     1.00940
     2.    32730
     3.
     4.
     5.
     6.
     7.
     8.
01051
00910
00929
00945
00958
00076
     9.    80082
     10.   00335
     11.   00680
     12.   70507
     13.   00615
     14.   00500
     15.   00505
     16.   00535
Chloride at RE-300, RE-403, RE-452,
RE-536, OT-1, OT-49, RL-0.2, RL-23,
SK-1.8, TMB-19, WF-22, WF-27, BV-4,
SLB-b-1, GB-4.5, SW-8.6, SW-4.1,  RBT-6,
WSK-4.4, EKC-18, CDR-12.8
Phenols at RA-12, RA-83, RA-86,  ROS-121,
WR-1, RP-G.l, BF-0.5, LF-0.5, BAU-0.1,
WF-22, WF-27
Total Lead at BV-4, SLB-1
Calcium (as CAC03) at BV-4, SLB-1
Total Sodium at BV-4, SLB-1
Total Sulfate at BV-4, SLB-1, GB-4.5
Reactive Silicate at BV-4,  SLB-1
Tubidity at GB-4.5, SW-8.6, SW-4.1, RBT-6,
WSK-4.4, EMC-18, CDR-12.8
BOD5-Carbonaceous at GB-4.5
COD at GB-4.5
TOC at GB-4.5
Ortho Phosphorus at GB-4.5
Nitrite at GB-4.5
Total Solids at GB-4.5
Total Vol. Solids at GB-4.5
Dissolved Vol. Solids at GB-4.5

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16
Table 3 (cont'd)
C. Quarterly (January. April, July and October} Analyses at Peat
Stations (WF-ZZ, WF-27)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
00410
00076
00080
00945
01002
01027
01034
01042
01900
01051
01067
01092
00910
00920
01105
01037
01045
01055
Total Alkalinity
Turbidity
Color
Total Sulfate
Total Arsenic
Total Cadmium
Total Chromium
Total Copper
Total Mercury
Total Lead
Total Nickel
Total Zinc
Total Calcium
Total Magnesium
Total Aluminum
Total Cobalt
Total Iron
Total Mangenese

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                                      17





Table 4   Minnesota Network Stations Groupings Based on Pollution Sources





          Group I - Non-Point Sources/Rural
UM-698
UM-714
UM-738
UM-895
UM-914
UM-930
UM-982
UM-1172
UM-1186
OT-49
BAU-0.1
CD-24
ME-403
RA-12
RA-86
Group II

UM-714
UM-738
UM-895
UM-914
UM-930
UM-982
UM-1172
UM-1292
CRN-6
RUM-34
RCS-121
RA-86
WR-1
BF-0.5
Group III
UM-815
RWR-1
SR-1.2
Group IV
WF-2.7
SWAN-8.6
EMC-18
RBT-6
UM-1292
UM-1365
SA-0
CRN-6
RUM-34
CA-13
BV-4
SL-110
WF-22
KA-10
KE-11
SK-1.8
RCS-121
WSK-4.4

- Homogenous -
General Water
CA-13
BV-4
SL-9
SL-38
SL-110
WF-22
WF-27
MI-3.5
MI-64
MI-88
RBT-6
OT-1
RL-23
TMB-19
- Point-Source
UM-826
ST-18
RE-300
WF-27
MI-64
MI-88
MI-133
MI-196
MI-288
BE-0
EMC-18
PT-10
SC-111
RL-23
RP-0.1
LF-0.5
RA-83

CO-0.5
LPR-3
WWR-2.6
RT-3
VR-32.5
GR-4.5
SWAN-8.6
SWAN-4.1
SC-17
RL-0.2
WR-1
RE-300
RBT-6
OT-1

Background, Recreation, Fishing and
Quality Conditions
MI-133
MI-196
MI-288
BE-0
EMC-18
CDR-12.8
PT-10
CO-0.5
LPR-3
WWR-26
RA-83
BAU-0.1
RP-0.1
LF-0.5
, Urban, Municipal
SL-9
ZSF-5.7
RL-0.2

RT-3
VR-32.5
GR-4.5
SWAN-8.fi
SWAN-4.1
SC-17
SC-111
KE-11
CD-24
RE-403
WSK-4.4
OT-49
SK-1.8

and Industrial
MI-3.5
.CD-10
RA-12
- Paired Stations', Upstream and Downstream
WF-22
SWAN-4.1
CDR-12.8
WSK-4.4









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                                   -18-

IV. Statistical Analysis

The purpose of the statistical analysis is to determine if trends  in the selected
water quality indicators have occurred from 1977 through 1986.   A  trend  is  defined
as a series of observations which exhibit a steady increase or  decrease  over time.
Thus, the selected procedures are used to differentiate random  fluctuations from
those change patterns which have sufficient directional consistency to be trends.
This section describes the data and the statistical  procedures  used for  the trend
analyses.  An exemplary case is provided in the appendices.

The information employed are from the STORET data base.  STORET, a information
management system of the U.S.E.P.A., contains water quality data from more  than
200,000 water quality sampling stations in river basins.  The data are from January
1977 through December 1986.  There were 75 stations eligible for the analysis.
Several stations could not be used due to missing information.   A  potential trend
was only assessed if for the water quality indicator there was  at  least  75  per
cent data completeness.  Because the data sufficiency criteria  was applied  separately
per variable, stations often have trends measured for fewer than all the indicators.
The indicators were chosen due to relatively complete information  for the period as
well as being representative of water quality.  The water quality  indicators were:

STORET CODE            Water Quality Indicator

00095                  Conductivity at 25° Centigrade
00300                  Dissolved Oxygen
00530                  Total Suspended Solids
00625                  Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
00630                  Total N02 * N03 (Nitrate and Nitrite)
00671 and 00665        Total Dissolved Phosphorous
00940                  Total Chloride
31613                  Fecal Coliform
00610                  Ammonia

There were several statistical procedures used to measure environmental  trends.
The initial consideration was whether the stations' data distributions reasonably
approximated the normal distribution.  The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
indicated that the stations' data distributions were not normal.  Non-parametric
rank order statistical procedures were used to demonstrate trends  because the
kurtosis coefficients were not within +/- .25 and the skewness  coefficients were
not within +/- .50.  The two ranges are the generally accepted  values within
which the coefficients must be within to consider a distribution to be normal.
Both Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau were used to support conclusions.   A trend  is
said to exist if both statistics have statistically significant results at  the  90
per cent level.  Both statistics have approximately 91 per cent power efficiency.
The two approaches are briefly discussed below:

Spearman's rho - Spearman's rho  is one of the most widely used  measures of association
for rank ordered data.  The initial step is to  rank the values  of the selected
water quality indicator (from lowest to highest) and the time variable (year).   The
computational formula is:


                  —-. di;
rs • "           ' ^

-------
                                   -19-

where: n = number of measurements in the sample and d^  = an individual  difference
between ranks.

Kendall's tau - Kendall's tau, like Spearman's rho, requires ranked data for at least
two variables and measures the level of association between sets of rankings.   The
range of possible values is plus or minus one.  The computational  formula is:

             i = n         i = n

tau =        i = 1         i = 1
                    n (n + l)/2

          = n

where

        i  = n

        &
   i    ii
    ^  (K.J + )  =  number of pairs  ordered  in the same  way  as  the years;  and
:   i =1


           i~)  =  number of pairs  not  ordered in the same  way as the years.
The next step in the analytical process is to use ordinary least squares regression
to demonstrate trend strength for those trends suggested by the nonparametric corre-
lations.  Trend strength for this discussion is the average level  of change among
years.  Admittedly, the data are not amenable to ordinary least squares linear
regression analysis according to statistical theory.  However, for the mere purpose
of line fitting to determine average annual change the procedure is sufficient.   The
computational formula is:

       SSyy
r =
     \j SSyySSxx

where:  SS = sum of squares.

The results of the linear regression procedure are shown on the trend graphs in the
appendix.  The availability of the graphics permitted a final trend verification
procedure.  The graphs were individually examined and a trend was retained only if
the following somewhat subjectively applied criteria were satisfied:

1. The statistically significant annual trends did not visually appear to be minimal
within years; and 2. The trends were not mainly due to abrupt but discontinued change
rather than a persistent pattern.  Several  statistically significant trends were de-
leted due to the visual examination.

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                                      20


V.  Results

1.  Seven Year Trend Analyses Summaries

    The following parameters and corresponding stations  which  have  shown
    trends as indicated by the statistical  analysis of the data in  STORET
    are listed in Table 5.

    All of the stations monitor basically the same parameters  listed  below.
    The following is a brief summary of these parameters and  associated
    trends.

    Conductivity (umhos/cm) @ 25°C 100095

    Conductivity is a measurement of the resistance of a solution to  electrical
    flow which is related to the content of ionized salts in  water. This
    parameter also indicates the degree to which dissolved solids contribute
    to the overall water quality. An increasing trend for this parameter  may he
    due to potential problems associated with solids loading  and non-
    point source problems. Only two (2) stations exhibited conductivity
    trends. Two stations showed decreasing trends.

    Dissolve Oxygen (mg/1) 100300

    Dissolved oxygen concentration is an important indicator  of existing
    water quality and the ability of a waterbody to support a well-balanced
    aqquatic fauna. Water should contain sufficient dissolved oxygen  to
    maintain aerobic conditions in the water column to maintain a good fish
    population. Due to seasonal and diurnal fluctuations, dissolved oxy-
    gen values measured at monitoring stations provide at best an aprox-
    imate value of actual dissolved oxygen concentration in existence.
    Three (3) showed positive dissolved oxygen level trends.  Only two stations
    exhibited decreasing trends. The remaining stations  did not indicate  any
    statistical trends.

    Total Suspended Solids (mg/1) JE00530

    Total suspended solids (TSS) is the amount of organic and inorganic
    particulate matter in the water. An increase in TSS  has been found to
    adversely affect fish population, growth rate, fish  food  source,  development
    of fish eggs and larvae as well as the esthetics of  the waterbody for
    swimming.  Seven stations showed an increase and none showed decreasing
    trends for this parameter.

    Total Kjeldahl Nttrbgen {mg/1)  100625

    Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen which measures organic nitrogen and ammonia
    concentrations  is  indicative of increased loadings from municipal and
    industrial facilities. The trend for these parameters were positive

-------
                                  21
for two stations (increasing).  Eight stations showed decreasing
trends which indicated an improvement of water quality at at those
sites.

Nitrates and Nitrite (mg/1) #00631

The Nitrate and Nitrite ions are formed from the breakdown of ammo-
nia which may enter the waterbodies via municipal and industrial
discharges, septic tanks and feedlot discharges. These ions are also
indicative of the stage and degree of nitrification. There were
increasing trends at two stations.

Phosphorus-Dissolved Ortho #00671 & Total  Phosphorus #00665 in (mg/1)

The total dissolved phosphorus concentrations are indicative of the
nutrient loadings received by the stream.  It has been determined
that high phosphorus concentrations are associated with accelerated
eutrophication of waters, especially in lakes and reservoirs. Most of
the Minnesota network stations did not show substantial trends for
this parameter. One station showed an increasing trend.

Total  Chloride (mg/1) #00940

Chloride in the form of chlorine ions is present in lakes and rivers.
The chloride concentrations in streams may show an increase due to in-
creased industrial and sewage treatment plant effluents and septic
tanks  and other non-point source discharges, such as road salting and
natural occurrences. This parameter showed an increasing trend in one
station and a decreasing trend in one.

Fecal  Coliform Bacteria (m-cagar/100 ml) #31613

Microbiological indicators are used to determine the safety of water
for drinking, swimming and shellfish population growth. The fecal
coliform is the primary indicator of fecal contamination in a water-
body.  An increasing trend for this parameter is a result of poor chlo-
rination of municipal treatment plant discharges, feedlot effluents
and leakages from septic tank fields. For  the period of this study
only one station indicated an increasing trend.

-------
                                  22
Ammonia (mg/1) #00610

Un-ionized ammonia (NH3) which has been shown to a toxic  form  of
ammonia for aquatic life. Ammonia was reported to be acutely toxic
to freshwater organisms at concentrations ranging from 0.083 to 4.60
mg/1  NH3  for many fish species.  This form of ammonia pollution  is
usually due to municipal waste water treatment plant discharges  and
other point sources of pollution.  Six stations showed decreasing
ammonia levels.

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                                      23
Table 5.  Parameters Showing Increasing and Decreasing Trends
           with corresponding Station Numbers
1. Conductivity #00095

   Increasing Trend Statons:

   None

   Decreasing Trend Stations:

   SLB-1, SL-9


2. Dissolved Oxygen #00300

   Increasing Trend Stations:

   PT-10, SR-1.2, ZSF-5.7 (ZRS-20)

   Decreasing Trend Stations:

   UM-1292, UM-982


3. Total Suspended Solids 100530

   Increasing Trend Stations:

   UM-859, MI-133, RL-0.2, RE-403, RE-452, SL-9, RE-300

   Decreasing Trend Stations;

   None


4. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen #00625

   Increasing Trend Stations:

   KA-10, UM-895

   Decreasing Trend Station:

   ZSF-5.7, UM-1172

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                                      24
Table 5  (Continued)

5. Nitrate and Nitrite #00630
   Increasing Trend Stations:
   SR-1.2, ZSF-5.7
   Decreasing Trend Stations:
   None

6. Total and Dissolved Phosphorus #00671 & 00565
   Increasing Trend Stations:
   None
   Decreasing Trend Stations:
   ZSF-5.7

7. Total Chloride #00940
   Increasing Trend Stations:
   OT-1
   Decreasing Trend Stations:
   RE-300

8. Fecal Coliform Bacteria 131613
   Increasing Trend Stations:
   MI-64
   Decreasing Trend Stations:
   None

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                                      25





Table 5 (Cont'd)





9. Ammonia #00610





   Increasing Trend Stations:



   None



   Decreasing Trend Stations:



   RE-452, UM-738, UM-1292, SL-9, ZSF-5.7, UM-1186

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                                      26
In general, the  potential  pollution  sources  generally  impact  environmental
parameters and  cause these parameters  to exhibit  increasing  or  decreasing
trends over a  given  time period.  Furthermore, there  is  a  correlation  between
environmental  parameter levels and point and non-point sources of pollutants.
For the purpose  of  this  study, point sources of  pollution  are  considered to
originate from identifiable or known sources,  such as industrial or municipal
treatment plant  discharges.   Unlike  point  sources   of  pollution,  non-point
sources are more diffuse  .difficult  to  identify  and  cover  large areas  of
origin. Non-point sources of pollution are generally recognized to be due to:
agriculture, mining, urban  runoff,  silviculture and  construction.  Non-point
source pollution will  exhibit itself in  waterbodies  when the  rate at  which
matter/pollutants entering a  waterbody exceeds  natural  levels. As shown  in
Table 6, the point and non-point  sources of pollution are generally associated
with respective environmental  parameters and affect the trend as indicated in
the table.
Table 6 - Environmental Parameter & Associated Pollution Sources

 Environmental               Trend                  Pollution
 Parameter                   Change                 Source

 Dissolved Oxygen            Decrease               Point

 Ammonia                     Increase               Point

 Fecal Coliform              Increase               Point

 Kjeldahl Nitrogen           Increase               Point

 Nitrate-Nitrite             Increase               Non-point

 Total Suspended
 Solids                      Increase               Non-point

 Phosphorus                  Increase               Non-point

-------
                                      27

As shown in the above Table, if the trend over a given  period  of  time
for suspended solids showed an increase at a given station,  then  the
station and the county where the station is located were  considered
to be an increasing non-point source pollution area.  Likewise, an increa-
sing trend for ammonia was regarded as associated with  increase in point
Source pollution for that station and surrounding county  where the station
is located. For example, point source pollution was associated with  a
decreasing trend in dissolved oxygen or an increasing trend  in any one of the
following parameters: Ammonia, Fecal Coliform, Kjeldahl  Nitrogen  . Also, non-
point source pollution was associated with an increase  in any  one of the
following parameters: Nitrate-Nitrite, Total Suspended  Solids  and Phosphorus.
In summary, any increase or decrease in a trend for a given  parameter is
related to either point or non-point sources of pollution.

Thus, based on the relationships among variables in Table 6,trends and corre-
sponding pollution sources maps were plotted as shown on  Figures  3 through  7.
The maps were plotted in terms of two broad pollution sources  which  are:

  0 Non-Point Sources

  0 Point Sources
For each pollution source two types of trend maps were plotted.  The
first trend map shows the counties where the monitoring stations are
located. The county map shows the pollution trend in a county as deter-
mined from the statistical  analysis of STORET data.  A county's trend
status is shown as decreasing or increasing. As previously specified,
a positive or negative trend is said to exist if the correlation coefficients
are statistically significant with 90 % significance level. Trend directions
(positive,negative,neutral) corresponds to the signs of the coefficients.  A
neutral condition is present if either of the coefficients are not statisti-
cally significant. Data are considered insufficient  if 75% completeness
criteria is not met. The second trend map shows the  locations of monitoring
stations on streams as well as the specific pollution trend; e.g. non-point.
The stream trend maps show arrows next to the stations with an upward  pointing
arrow indicating an increasing pollution trend and a downward pointing arrow
a decreasing trend. If an arrow is not shown adjacent to a station, then
trend was not observed at that station. The observed trends for  point  and
non-point sources are given on Figures 3 through 6 and in Tables 6 and 7
respectively.

-------
                                      28


1.  Non-Point Source Pollution Trends

As shown on Figures 3 and 5 , nine stations exhibited increasing trends
and the rest of the stations did not show any trends. In general, non-
point source pollution showed an increase of 12 percent for the period of
this study. The stations which showed trends and locations  are given  in
Table 6.

2.  Point Source Pollution Trends

As shown on Figure 4 and 6, five stations showed an increasing trends,
six stations showed decreasing pollution trends and the rest were un-
changed. Based on the long term trends for the fixed network stations,
the point source pollution remained relatively unchanged. The stations
which exhibited trends are given in Table 7.

In summary, water quality conditions as determined by the trend analy-
ses for the eight year period (1978-1985) were as follows:  of the 75
stations analyzed 15 percent had point source pollution trends and 12
per cent showed non-point source trends respectively. Thus,only 27 per-
cent of all the stations exhibited trends.


  0 Non-Point Source Pollution trend increased 12% of the stations.

  0 Point Source Pollution trend increased at 8% and decreased at 7%
    of the stations.

-------
                              29
          LI	
-------
                               30
           LL^. I_. £J
                                            LAKE
                                           THE WOODS
                                             BASIN
               MISSISSI
               "~BASIN
                                                . -00 16

                                           CROIX >J
                                           RIVER
                                            BASIN
                                             Fig. 3-Minnesota Network
                                                    Stations Point
                                                    Source Pollution
                                                    Trends 1978-86
  :SO,TA
RIVER
                                                      Routine Sompling
 ^v1-,-—-
DESMOINES  o
           *

-------
MINNESOTA
         Fig.4 -Minnesota Counties
               Trend  Status Based
               on Ambient Stations
               for NonrPoint Source
               Pollution 1978-86
              Increasing Trend
              Decresing Trend

-------
32
          MINNESOTA
                Fig.5 -Minnesota Counties
                      Trend  Status Based
                      on Ambient Stations
                      for Point Source
                      Pollution 1978-86
                      Increasing Trend

                      Decreasing Trend

-------
                                      33
Table 6-  Non-Point Source Pollution Trends at Stations by
          County and Stream Locations
River and Location
Shell Rock Rv. near Gordonsville
Minnesota Rv. @ Courtland
Zumbro Rv. S.Fork @ Rochester
Mississippi Rv. 0 Minneapolis
Red Lake Rv. @ E. Grand Forks
Red Rv. @ Moorhead
Red Rv. West of Perley
St. Louis Bay, Fondu-Lac
Red River @ Grand Forks
STORET I
SR-1.5
MI-133
ZRS-20
UM-859
RL-0.2
RE-452
RE-403
SL-9
RE-300
Trend
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
County
Freeborn
Nicolet
Olmsterl
Hennepin
Polk
Clay
Norman
St. Louis
Polk

-------
                                      34
Table 7-  Point Source Pollution Trends at Stations
                by County and Stream Locations
       River and Location
Mississippi River, E. of Bemidji
                   0 Camp Riley
                   @ Monticello
Minnesota    "     9 Court!and
Kawishiwi    "     9 Birch Lake
Zumbro Rv. S.Fork  @ Rochester
Pomme de Terre Rv. @ Appleton
Mississippi Rv. SE of Minneiska
St. Louis Bay @ Fond du Lac
Red River     @ Moorhead
Shell Rock Rv. @ Grand Forks
STORET #
UM-1292
UM-982
UM-895
MI-64
KA-10
ZRS-20
PT-10
UM-738
SL-9
RE-452
SR-1.5
Trend
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
County
Beltrami
Morrison
Sherburne
Sibley
Lake
01 fisted
Swift
Winona
St. Louis
Clay
Freeborn

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                                      35


VI.   Conclusions  and Recommendations
        0  Because non-point source pollution has shown an increase at 12%  of the
           stations expanded programs for non-point source monitoring and pollution
           controls are recommended.

        0  Establish stations at locations on the same stream where water
           quality is high and low to conduct bioassays to be used for reference
           purposes.

        0  Biological monitoring on a routine basis is non-existent. It
           would be highly desirable to conduct biomonitoring on impacted
           areas at least on an annual basis.

        0  If a station appears not to be representative of water quality,
           then investigate the possibilty of eliminating it or moving it to
           a more representative location.

        0  Establish stations or add variables to existing stations to
           measure toxics' impact at such locations.

        0  Chemical variable coverage is rather limited, expanded moni-
           toring for other suspected toxic metals and organics would he
           helpful.

        0  The stations which did not exhibit trends and did not have high
           pollution levels may be worth investigating for relocation or
           elimination.

        0  MPCA would benefit from shared monitoring of waterways with
           neighboring states to reduce duplication of monitoring efforts
           with the help of USEPA.

-------
Appendices

-------
              Appendix A





Statistical Analysis - Exemplary Case

-------
The appendix contains an illustration of the manner in which  the statistical
procedures in the statistical  analysis section were performed.   The  calculations
are done with the SAS (Statistical  Analysis System) STORET programs.   The
example shows the results for station RL-0.2.

The first program and its accompanying output is designed  to  integrate SAS with
STORET.  Line 20 allows the use of SAS.  Lines 30 through  90  identify the
STORET stations, water qaulity variables, and the time frame.  The variable
Y, defined on line 190, is the trend (time) variable.

The STORET output provides stream quality measurement  information as well  as
station number and location.  The numbers of measurements  per variable per year
also are shown.  The most important SAS output for this report are the Spearman
and Kendall correlation matrices.  In this case trends were found for ph  (P3),
organic nitrogen (P7), total kjeldahl nitrogen (P9) and fecal coliform (P12).
Only the variables P9 and P12 were used as water quality indicators  in the
report.  The above listed variables were viewed as having  definitive trends be-
cause the probabilities were .100 or lower for each of the variables correlation
coefficients with the variable Y (the probabilities are shown by the numbers
immediately below the coefficients).  As previously indicated, because a  station
may not have a sufficient number of measurements for every water quality  variable,
it often was not possible to derive conclusions from the statistical analyses
for certain water quality characteristics used as indicators.  (See Program  1
and Output 1).

-------
                                Progran 1
     f RETRIEVAL DATE  86/12/08      ECHO OF ORIGINAL REBUEST
OOOOOCIO PGM*INVENT,PUPP=106/EPA,PRT«>«0,
OGOOOC20 MCSE-SAS,
0030CC3C H:AC=ST ATE.A»?IEM.NETWORK.MINN,
000001*3 HEAD.MIKN FISCAL YEAR 1986,
COPOOC50 A«21MINN,
00000060 5-RL-O.^,
OOOCOOTC P=95,P*300,P=530,P«60,P-9*0,P«310,P«605.P«610,P«625,
00000080 P«636,P=645,P«31615,
OOOOOC9C BD»789101,ED=9S1231,
OOOOflOO MOECHO,
OOOCOMO SASPARMS'BEGIN,
000001:0 »:
00300138 OPTIONS S*72 LS«131:
000001*0 DATA LU3IN;
00030153 *
C0000160 INCLUDE=
          PREVIOUS KETUORO PEPLAC5D BY -
         * MACRO (FCFREAD)  - SAS -  BEADS STORET MORE=3,4 t SAS FCF FORMATS
          *
           * WRITTEN BT LEE MANNING    LAST MODIFIED BY LEE MANNING 4/25/54
            *
             * FUNCTION -
                BREAKDOWN A STORET M?RE«4 CMCRE»3 OR MORE-SAS) FCF FILE
                INTO ITS ELEMENTS FOR SUBSEQUENT PROCESSING BT ANY SAS
                PR3CEDUPES :
         OPTIONS NOSOURCE:
         *   R:F  -  THE STCRET ADVANCED RETRIEVAL MANUAL UNDER PROGRAM
                 «RET« FOR A DETAILED DESCRIPTION oe THE noRE«3,4 t SAS
                 RSCOKD FORMATS.
             NOTE -  THIS ROUTINE DECODES DOUBLE-CHARACTER REMARK COSES
                 STOȣ0 WITH USGS DATA, AS DESCRIBED WITHIN THE DATASET
                 •STORET.HEL'.USGS.REMARKS'
           *:
         FCSNAT DAT£ YYM"OD9.:
         FORMiT TIM; MH^Mj.;
         FORMAT DEPTH S6.:

         FORMAT SMr   *8.:
         FOB«AT UMK    *i KX-RSO:
         INFILE FCF LENGTH«L:
         FORMAT ("ORE $3.:
         RETAIN MORE •3i5
         IP _w_»i THEN Da: INPUT 924 MOR= si. a:
         IF f»^S£»«9« THEM MORi-'SAS*;
         POT « •:
         PUT »»IOTE: FCF FORMAT is MORE«« MORE:
         IF MORE-'3» TM£N 001
         PUT •      P.EMARR CCOES. DEPTH INFORMATION, »ND COMPOSITE1:
         PUT •      SAMPLE DESCRIPTORS WILL BE MISSING.*:
                                    A-2

-------
                      Program  1  (continued)
 PUT • «:
 END:  END:
 INPUT 326 YYDLIM S2. 3 ;
 IF L-305 I L-350 f  L»7S I  L»120:
                  *  OMITS PARAMETER HEADERS AND STATION HEADERS :
 IF YYOLTM-«»99': «  0»ITS DELIMITER RECORDS ;
 INPUT 31 AGENCY $8. at STATION SIS. 326 DATE  YTMMDD6.
 3?2 KHR »2. KMN *2.
 336 0 THEN REMOAT£»MOY(RMM,RDD,RTT);
 SUP: If RHRtO>:
 STATION«A>ENCT!I« MISTATION;
 DC OVER P;  IF p >  o. t P < l.E-15 THEN P«. ;  END;
 IF AGENCT-«112«RO«  THEN 00;
   USGSRHKxNUMSER;                  * USCS •SAMPLE' RKK COOE :
   NUMBER-*  •;
   END;
 IF REMOAT5 •« . t
     PUT(DAT£,YT*M006.>IIKHR!!KMN <- PUTCREMDATE.TYMMC06.)!IRMR!IRMN
      THEN 00;
        BEGDATE*OATE;8EGTIMr«TIME;ENOOATE«REMOATE;=NDTIME«RE»«TIME;
      END:
 IF REMDATE •« . t
     PUT(D»T£.TTMMDD6.)IUHRHKMN > PUT(REMOATEf TTMMOC6.)! I »HR| |RMN
      THEN DO:
        BEGDATE«*EMOATE;S£GTI*E«REMTIME;ENDDATE-DATE;ENOTI*E»TI*E:
      END;
 CROP KHR KMN RTT RHM ROD RHR RMN REMDATE REKTINE TTDLIM I ;
 OPTIONS SOURCE;
        *
        *
     SOURCE LISTING SUPPRESSED
  CFULL 59U«C£ - •STORET.HSLP.FCFREAO*)
        *
        *
     DEFINITION OF VARIABLES CREATED BY MACRO CFCFREAO)

  PORE    - 3 CHAR COOE C*3*t*4*, OR *SA$*>
  AGENCY  - C CHAR STOREY AGENCY COOE
  STATION - 24 CHARACTERS
               • - STORET AGENCY COOE
               i - BLANK
              15 - STORET PRIMARY STATION IDENTIFIER
  DATE    - SAMPLE DATE CSAS DATE FORM)
  tIKE    - SAMPLE TIME CSAS TIME FORM)
  DEPTH   - 6 CHAR SAMPLE DEPTH • IEMARK
                               A-3

-------
                  Progran 1 (conti
        KEDIA   - 8 CHAR SAMPLE MEDIA CODE.
        SMK     - 8 CMA8 SAMPLE SMK CODE.
        UMK     - 8 CHAR SAMPLE UMK CODE.
        P1-P50  - 50 FLOATING POINT NUMBERS.
                  VALUES Of SO PARAMETERS.
        Rl-RSO  - 50 1 CHAR STORET RMK COOES
        USCSRMK - I CHAR USGS 'SAMPLE* RMK CODE
        BEGDATE - COMPOSITE SAMPLE BEGINNING DATE
        MGTIM? - COMPOSITE SAMPLE BEGINNING TIME
        ENOOATE - COMPOSITE SAMPLE ENDING DATE
        ENCTINE - COMPOSITE SAMPLE ENDING TIME
        TTPE    - CO-POSITE SAMPLE TYPs (STB)
        CALC    - COMPOSITE SAMPLE CALC CODE (AHLN)
                - COMPOSITE SAMPLE NO. Of GRABS COR «C'>
                        EARNING
         MACRO <*CFREAD> CONTAINS A "DROP" STATEMENT.
         USERS MAT -NOT- USE THE "KEEP" STATEMENT.
         MACRO (FCFR.EAD)  - END-OF-XACRO
          END OF REPLACE
00000160
00000170
OOC001SO
OOC00190
OOCC0290
0000021C
00000220
00000230
000002*0
OC000250
00000260
occcr;7o **ROUTE  PRINT MOLD
00000280 »*JC8PARM LINE5*30
SAS DIAGNOSTICS (IF ANT) WILL BE PRINTED BELOW *
         -OTR(OATE):
       T«TEARCCATe>;
       PPOC SORT; BT AGENcr STATION:
       PPOC CORK S**EARM«N KENDALL DATA-LUBINC
       VAR PI FZ P3 P4 PS P« P7 P8 f9 P10 Pll P12 TJ
       *;
       STOPSAS*
       ./LML      JO! 
-------
                                                         «XXXXXXXXXXX
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                                                         XiXMirtfiiAi^inir^tfsm
                                                         IU • ID 9 ^0 40 T • 4D ID ID (D
                                                         «XXXXXXXXXXX
                                                         QMM«MM^MIM«^«
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                                                         X  • "1 "N  « *•    •• O rt
                                                         3    M IM IA  •    in *- o
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                       •               me,                oinop»oooonioo
                      e             z e iu             Xtmo«mr»m*-oma>

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                      at    n    * o 9>                M                   MX
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                      I   •    X  Z Z
                      rx«u    MM                      ooooooooooo
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                            OM-lZX                   ."M^MO.O — *inr-
                           •IUI»«M»«                  ««INOt  «>-«••••••                                                                      VI
                           •acoixxr*                  x»««>i«-«M.^M                                                                       i  |
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                   0                M
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                       t             U                  KXOfMZ          »-«
                   iu M <4          O                  tu UJ  _J             Z Z    O VJ
                   « O 0>          X
                   e z t          x
                      *•             «
                   j uj ar          iw                           —              — .    -
                   «z«          tf                   «     x >       lu     iu o  o _J
                   >  • iu          »_                   •.«[«»-       3  z  "> ^  M o
                   IUK^          M                      IUIUUOZO     MIOCW
                   M Z             X                      K«t3O«>M««tne
                   ac iu ^          M                      «  ^ o       i^i  «  h- a  j u
                   K M «          Z                      »  V> Z       IU  O  O X  Z IU
                   u> e u          •>                           u       at     >• e.  u u.
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                      « M          «                      eomeoou«tf>inofn
                   K  • Ik          X                      M
-------
                         Output  1  (continued)
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 86/12/08
      1 TOTAL STATIONS PROCESSED
STATE.AMBIENT.NETWORK.*INN
MINN FISCAL TEAR 1986
PGM*IN¥ENT
        CROSS
       STA BE6   STA END  • OF DBS f OF  SAMPLE
<1967        0
 1967        0
 1968        0
 1969        0
 1970        0
 1971        0
 1972        0
 1973        0
 1974        0
 1975        0
 1976        0
 1977        0
 1978        1
 1979        0
 1980        0
 1981        0
 1992        0
 1983        0
 198*        0
 1985        0
 1*86        0
TOTAL        1
                                                  STA  END-PERIOD OF RECO IN TRS
                     <3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
108
109
99
89
80
81
77
86
0
729
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
IZ
11
10
9
»
9
»
9
0
78
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
                                  A-6

-------
                                                Outpjt  1  (continued)
P2
P)
PS
P*
PT
PI
P10
P12
                                                             S*S                           13:51  7UES04T, DECEMBER  9.  11



                     SPE1KIUN COtRU«TI2»t COEFFICIENTS  /  PtOB > |R| UWDJt NO:*HO>0 / NUMBER Cf C8SC* VATICMS




                       P2       P3       P4       P5       P6       P7       P«       P9      P10      Pll      P12
1.00000
0.0033
T7
0.01472
0.4157
76
o.ioia:
0.3712
TT
3.51121
0.0014
41
0. 52614
0.0001
T5
0.18636
0.1070
7*
0.233)1
0.0364
TT
0.01253
0.9139
TT
0.231T2
0.0*54
64
0.0*790
0.3961
TT
•0. 10533
0.3619
TT
0.14375
0.2422
41
0.12635
0.27)5
TT
-0.09472
0.415T
T4
1.00000
0.0006
TT
-0.5432S
0.0001
T6
0.07703
0.6322
41
-0.14191
0.227*
T4
-0.00*92
0.9*66
TS
-0.26617
0.0119
TT
0.21 8*3
0.0561
TT
-0.171T2
0.1749
44
0. 20 795
0.0694
TT
-0.49210
0.0001
TT
-0.10703
0.3*50
41
-O.OT011
0.5444
TT
-0.101(2
0.3712
TT
-0.5*325
0.0001
T*
1.00000
0.0000
TT
0.57)91
0.0001
41
0.06922
O.S551
75
0.41137
0.0002
T6
0.57416
0.0001
77
-0.21143
0.0649
TT
.,0.41274
0.0001
44
0.05129
0.4145
TT
0.71451
0.0001
TT
-0.04771
o.sm
41
0.23447
0.331*
77
-0.51129
0.0006
41
0.07703
0.6322
41
0.57991
0.0001
41
1.00000
0.0000
41
-0.55130
0.0002
40
0.16611
0.2972
41
-0.03352
0.1352
41
0.12851
0.4233
41
-0.10970
0.5781
21
0.11114
0.4419
41
0.2(341
0.0721
41
-0.01*79
0.9072
41
-0.312*2
0.0111
41
0.52614
0.0001
7$
-0.14191
0.227*
74
0.06922
0.5551
75
-0.55130
0.0002
40
1.00000
0.0000
75
0.09236
0.4331
74
0.27931
0.0152
75
-0.07221
0.5377
75
0.33617
0.0074
42
0.22147
0.0542
. TS
0.20223
0.0119
75
-0.06091
0.4267
44
0.01095
0.9257
75
-0.11636
0.1070
74
-0.00412
0.9666
75
0.41137
0.0002
74
0.16681
0.2972
41
0.09236
0.4)31
74
1.00000
0.0000
76
0.37936
0.0007
74
0.01921
0.1492
74
0.37438
0.0024
43
0.11715
0.3135
74
0.45497
0.0001
74
-0.32)44
0.0071
41
0.12585
0.2787
74
0.23831
0.0369
77
-0.2A69T
0.0119
77
0.57414
0.0001
77
-0.03352
0.1352
41
0.27931
0.0152
7S
0.37936
0.0007
74
1.03000
0.0000
70
0.02424
0.1)32
70
0.91527
0.0001
45
0.2591)
0.0220
71
0.49049
0.0001
70
-0.1720)
0.1607
41
O.J4082
0.002)
71
0.01251
0.9139
77
0.21143
0.0561
TT
-0.2114)
0.0449
77
0.12851
0.42)3
41
-0.07221
0.5377
7S
0.01921
0.1492
74
0.02424
0.1)32
70
1.00000
0.0000
71
0. 31782
0.0010
45
0.44417
0.0001
70
0.03343
0.7714
70
0.12417
0.310)
41
-0.11575
0.10)5
71
0.23172
0.0654
64
-0.17172
0.1749
44
0.4I2T4
0.0001
44
-0.10978
0.5781
21
0.33617
0.0074
42
0.37438
0.0024
43
0.91527
0.0001
45
0.39782
0.0010
45
I. 00000
0.0000
45
0.54084
0.0001
45
0.5374S
0.0001
45
-0.19371
0.1545
SS
0.3)418
0.0065
65
0.01790
0.3161
77
0.20795
0.0691
77
0.05829
0.6145
77
0.11814
0.4619
41
0.22147
0.0562
TS
0.11715
0.3135
74
0.25913
0.0220
71
0.64417
0.0001
78
0.54016
0.0001
•s
1.00000
0.0000
78
0.29147
o.oots
Tl
0.14428
0.240)
48
0.06418
0.5747
Tl
-0.10533 0.14J75
0.3619 0.2422
77 68
-0.49210 -0.10703
O.OOC1 0.3850
77 68
0.71451 -0.06771
0.0001 0.5833
77 48
0.28369 -0.01879
0.0723 0.9072
41 41
0.20223 -0.04098
0.0819 0.4267
75 44
0.45497 -0.32344
0.0001 0.0071
74 48
0.49049 -0.17203
0.0001 0.1607
71 68
0.03343 0.12487
0.7714 0.3103
78 68
0.5)765 -0.19371
0.0001 0.1565
45 55
0.29197 0.14428
0.0095 0.2405
78 48
t. 00000 -0.11123
0.0000 0.3445
T8 48
-0.1112) 1.00000
0.3665 0.0000
48 41
0.13812 -0.34748
0.2278 0.00)7
Tl 48
0.1263
0.273
T
-0.0701
0.544
7
0.2364
0.038
T
-0.3928
0.011
4
0.0101
0.92!
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0.1258
0.271
1
0.3401
0.002
1
-0.1857
0.103
1
0.33*
0.00
0.064
0.57
0.138
0.22
-0.3*7
0.00
1.000
0.00
                                                         A-7

-------
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Appendix B contains linear regression plots  of  water  quality  variables  at
the monitoring stations which showed statistically  as well  as suhstantively
significant water quality trends.   The plots were obtained  by using the
Water Quality Analysis Branch's Browse interactive  program.   On each figure
the data are plotted in terms of the measured variable's  value verse time.
The dotted line on graphs indicates the predicted bivariate linear regression
line for the period of measurement.

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