EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Regions
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604
March, 1989
Municipal Facilities Branch - Technical Support Section
ALTERNATIVE
SEWERS -
OPERATION &
MAINTENANCE
Special Evaluation
Project
905R89106
-------
905R89106
ALTERNATIVE CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
SPECIAL EVALUATION PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
A Special Evaluation Project (SEP), completed in.August 1985 by Region V,
analyzed the costs relating to the planning and construction of alternative
conveyance systems (ACS) of 23 municipalities. That SEP established a com-
prehensive data base of the above costs which could be expanded to include
operation and maintenance (0 & M) costs as projects then under construction
reached the operation phase.
This current SEP is a follow-up to the above study in that it examines
aspects of the 0 & M of ACS. This study provides the general description
of the ACS of the municipalities and the key management personnel, de-
scribes the tasks involved in their respective 0 & M programs, establishes
an 0 & M cost data base, and identifies those problems which occurred
during the construction and operation of the ACS. Data was collected from
grant files, a site visit, and telephone and written responses. Key ques-
tions (pages 9 and 10) were developed in order to concentrate on specific
0 & M areas. These questions were sent out as a survey to 44 minicipalities
of which 40 have responded.
ALTERNATIVE CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS
Given the problem of disposing of human wastes in an environmentally accept-
able manner and due to the financial impact on small communities, tech-
nological alternatives were developed which overcame site constraints and
high construction costs of conventional sewage collection systems. These
alternative sewage collection systems include pressure, vacuum, and septic
tank small-diameter gravity (ST-SDG) sewers. This study addresses the two
most prominent in EPA-Region V: pressure and ST-SDG.
Two major types of pressure sewage collection systems are the grinder pump
(GP) system, and the septic tank effluent pump (STEP) system. The GP
system (Figure 1) consists of a grinder pump installed either above or
below grade, indoors or outdoors, and depending on flow factors and model
used, serving one or more residential homes. The grinder pump grinds
sewage solids into a slurry which pumps it to a small diameter pressure
sewer. The GP sewer is normally under low pressure - 40 psi or less. Pipe
sizes are normally 1-1/4 inches for service lines and ranges from 1-1/2 to
6 inches for collection system. Appurtenances in this type of sewer system
include valve boxes for access, flushing arrangements, air release valves
at significant high points, check valves, and full-ported stops at the
junction of each house connection with the street sewer.
The STEP sewer system (Figure 2, page 11) consists of a septic tank, ef-
fluent pump, electrical controls, lateral piping, electrical cable, piping
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ranging in size from 1-1/2 to 6 inches in diameter, air release valves, and
cleanouts. Unlike the GP system where solids are ground 1n a slurry and
pumped to a discharge point, the settleable solids and most of the grease
accumulation in a STEP system remain in the septic tank. Consequently, the
STEP pumps convey a fairly clear effluent directly to the sewer system.
Two types of ST-SDG sewer system exist - those with a relatively constant
gradient and those with a variable gradient. Both types utilize small
diameter plastic pipes (4-inch diameter) which carry septic tank effluent
from each service connection. Septic tanks, manholes, and cleanouts are
also part of this system. The septic tank's primary function is to remove
grease, grit, and other heavy solids. This function minimizes the need
for maintaining scouring velocities in the sewers. The figure on the cover
page of this report illustrates a simplified version of a ST-SDG sewer
system.
A general description of ACS, identification of municipalities who have
responded to the above-referenced key questions and other pertinent data
(frequency and cost of septic tank pump-out, number of grinder pumps and
effluent pumps, pump manufacturer, etc.) are presented in Tables 1, 2, 3,
and 4 (pages 12, 13, 14, 15).
MANAGEMENT OF ACS
An effective management program must have the authority to deal with ACS
issues of site evaluation, system design, construction, operation, mainte-
nance, budgeting, regulatory enforcement, and public information. The
data collected for this study indicates that the management structures
vary little from municipality to municipality. The only exceptions are
found among the larger municipalities. The structure of a majority of
respondents consisted of a top official (usually a president or mayor), a
city council or board of trustees, and an ACS/wastewater treatment plant
operator.
The top official and/or council oversees the management of the ACS and pro-
vides the funds necessary to operate and maintain the ACS. The operator is
responsible for the performance of 0 & M activities, and reporting directly
to the top official or the council on the operation of the ACS. In most
municipalities, the City or Village Clerk/Treasurer has the responsibility
of sending sewer bills to the users of the ACS and collecting payments.
The management structure of the larger municipalities differs from those of
smaller municipalities in that it consists of a separate department which
is responsible for operating and maintaining the ACS. This department is
normally staffed with 0AM personnel and is headed by a superintendent or
director.
SEPTIC TANKS :
The periodic pumping of septic tanks is one of the most important O&M ac-
tivities as well as a significant 0 & M cost item for ST-SDG and STEP
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systems. Historically, municipalities have experienced reluctance by septic
tank owners in having their septic tanks (as part of on-site drainfield
systems) pumped on a routine basis. Facility planning and research documents
have recommended pumping frequencies of every 3 or 5 years. The municipal-
ities contacted in this study have typically indicated a 3-year pump-out
frequency in their 0 4 M manuals or operating plans. However, some munici-
palities have indicated that they have their septic tanks pumped out on a
frequency as low as 1 year to as high as 10 years. All but a few of the
largest of these municipalities utilize a contract hauler to pump and dispose
of septage. Costs for septic tank pumpage range 'from $20.00 to $125.00 per
tank with the average cost being around $55.00.
Several of the communities indicated that they have a yearly septic tank
inspection program. The number of septic tanks inspected varies, ranging
from inspecting a representative sample of septic tanks to inspection of
all septic tanks. The results of these inspections are then used to deter-
mine which and how many tanks are pumped that year. The yearly inspection
records can also develop a historical base for future budgeting purposes.
The benefits of yearly inspection of all septic tanks are threefold: to
ensure (1) that a septic tank does not become overloaded with fleatables or
settleable solids; (2) verification of the structural integrity of the tank;
and (3) that needless pumping expense can be avoided.
From discussions with many of the operators, a general consensus is that
most residential septic tanks do not need to be pumped as frequently as
once every 3 years. A frequency of once in 5 to 10 years, with a few
individual exceptions, appears to be adequate. Commercial establishments
and public facilities generally require a more frequent pump out program
including inspections being conducted possibly as often as twice a year on
restaurants, gas stations and the like, especially, in the initial years
of operation of septic tanks to determine the build-up of solids and grease
within the tanks. The sewer rate structure as specified in the sewer rate
ordinance typically includes costs relating to regularly scheduled septic
tank pumpings for residential users. However, it does not include costs
expended on unusual residential and/or nonresidential users whose septic
tanks require more frequent or larger volume pumping. Rates should be
established for thesV particular users in the sewer rate ordinance either
through surcharges or other similar mechanisms. The user charge system
which typically does handle tank pumpout costs as part of its basic rate
structure should include a mechanism to surcharge either individual users
and/or specific user classes (i.e., commercial) in order to recover costs
attributable to specific problem tanks.
Septage is the liquid and solid material pumped from a septic tank during
cleaning and is characterized by large quantities of grit and grease, a
highly offensive odor, poor settling and dewatering characteristics and
high solids and organic content. With Federal and State regulations re-
garding the disposal of this material becoming more restrictive in recent
years, it has become a difficult management probl-em for municipalities
where use of septic tanks and other on-site systems is prevalent. This
study indicated that a majority of municipalities hired a private hauler
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to clean the septic tanks, and haul the septage to either an approved site
for land spreading or to a wastewater treatment facility. Municipalities
have not had to deal directly with these regulations, but the Increased
costs of complying with the standards set by these regulations are and will
be reflected in contract haulers cost.
MAINTENANCE
Maintenance tasks for the different alternative conveyance systems vary,
usually depending on the mechanical sophistication of the system. For the
relatively simple systems like the ST-SDG, there are no mechanical parts.
The maintenance that is required involves inspection of the physical condi-
tion of the septic tanks, sewers, manholes and cleanouts with occasional
flushing of the system. Some of the other systems, such as the GP and the
STEP, utilize mechanical equipment which requires additional maintenance.
For example, pumps have to be inspected for wear, grease accumulation,
float operability, electrical controls, etc.
Based on the responses to this study, the timing for scheduled maintenance
varied from daily to once every 3 years (for seasonally-used individual
systems). While most of the communities perform a minimum amount of annual
maintenance, there were some respondents which indicated that maintenance
was performed "as needed or when service calls are received." This passive
rather than active approach to maintenance can potentially lead to larger
problems later on with the resultant deterioration of the system.
Only 4 of the 32 respondents to the maintenance part of this study
indicated that they used flushing as a maintenance tool. This and physical
inspections are two of the more important aspects of 0 4 M on alternative
conveyance systems. When conducted, simultaneously if desired, as part of
a regular program, especially during late summer when odors are most sig-
nificant and I/I is at a minimum, not only is solid deposition reduced but
the physical condition of the flushing points and any potential hydraulic
problems are revealed.
* -i
Responses to the key question regarding the spare parts inventory generally
indicated the following: (1) The type of spare parts retained by the munici-
pality varies depending on the ACS type. For example, most of the spare
part inventories for ST-SDG and STEP systems included manhole lids, pumps,
pipe joints, ball valves, while those for GP systems include grinder pumps,
float switches, control panels, seals, check valves, cutters, and impellers;
(2) There was no identified problem with the availability of parts, in that
these parts can be readily purchased from local businesses; (3) According
to the respondents, a minimum stock of spare parts proved adequate; and
(4) The reasoning behind the choice in the number t>f and type of spare parts
for ACS varied. The reasons included recommendations of the consulting
engineer, regularly scheduled maintenance and emergency repairs, as well as
number and type specified in specifications. The'purchase of and having
spare parts readily available and in adequate numbers is an Important man-
agement and maintenance tool which allows for smoother operation of the ACS
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and in addition allows the municipality to return a specific ACS unit, e.g.,
a pump, to service quickly.
IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS
Most common construction and operation problems were identified In each of
the different types of altenative conveyance systems (Table 5, page 16).
Many of these problems are generic to the construction of sewer systems.
For example, though site restoration was .seldomly 'identified as a major
problem in this study, most municipalities have received complaints on the
subject. Homeowners often complain that their yards are not restored to
the original condition. By video taping the on-lot conditions before and
after construction, the number of claims should be reduced. Another common
construction problem deals with the installation of the system itself. The
respondents to this study indicate experiencing difficulty with locating
old septic tanks, gaining access with heavy equipment, settling backfill,
severed utility lines and sewer pipe connections pulling apart. The con-
sulting engineer's responsibility is to properly design the various
components of the ACS and to address, in the specifications, environmental
requirements which will result in minimal damage being done to the construc-
tion site. The construction contractor is responsible for the proper
scheduling of heavy construction equipment utilization, especially during
wet weather conditions, on the construction site.
Along with these construction problems, there have been operational prob-
lems. The most significant concern as expressed by 22 municipalities,
though it may be both a construction and an operational problem, has been
infiltration/inflow (I/I). The suspected causes of the I/I include: leaky
manholes, septic tank covers that are not water tight, downspout and founda-
tion drain connections, and leaky house laterals. Many of these problems
can be avoided if addressed during construction. Possible solutions to
these problems include sealing manhole/septic tank/grinder pump covers, and
testing the sewer system for illegal/substandard connections from the house
to the septic tank or pump chamber.
Another operating problem is that of odors. Since these alternative con-
veyance systems involve septic tanks or grinder pumps which work on an
intermittent basis, septic conditions and the associated odors are common.
Typically, many of the odor problems result from improper venting or come
from manholes and septic tanks. The first item is a plumbing problem that
has to be resolved by the homeowner. The odors from manholes usually re-
sult from the aeration of the septic wastewater as it is discharged above
the water level in the manhole. This can be resolved by using drop pipes
to discharge below the water level. The odors from the septic tanks can
be reduced by sealing the lids.
The plugging of sewers and pumps is another type "of operating problem noted
by this study. Small diameter sewers are susceptible to solids deposition
especially if the septic tanks do not perform as expected because of over-
loading or if solids enter the sewers with I/I. With both the STEP pumps
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and the grinder pumps, a big nuisance Is grease. Once 1t gets Into the pump
chamber, the grease fouls up the float mechanism that triggers the pumps.
Grease traps must be installed by commercial establishments that use grease
and residential homeowners must be advised by the municipality to minimize
or stop the dumping of grease down their drains.
The last major operating problem category involves electrical controls. The
responses varied from complaints of high electricity use by the grinder pump
to problems with short circuits caused by inadequate materials used in the
electrical control panels. Also, it appears that much time is spent by 0 & M
crews in investigating false alarms that go off for these pumps. Periodic
physical inspection of the pumps and controllers is a necessary maintenance
task.
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE COSTS
Operation and maintenance (0 & M) costs for alternative conveyance systems
are dependent upon such factors as the type of ACS installed, ACS construc-
tion quality, 0 & M tasks to be performed, management and personnel needs
to manage and operate the ACS, material and supplies needed to maintain
the ACS, and power needs. These costs have become a major concern to muni-
cipalities due to the fact that they represent a continuing demand over
the life of the ACS.
Table 6, (Pages 16 and 17) presents 0 & M cost data obtained from 34 munici-
palities. The data represent projected and actual annual total 0 & M costs
as well as those of the four most common cost - items salaries, supplies,
materials and power/electricity found in the ACS annual 0 & M budgets. It
should be noted that the data for some of the municipalities include simi-
lar costs for treatment facilities. Examination of the cost data revealed
the following facts: (1) The largest component of ACS 0 4 M costs is for
salaries followed by power/electricity; (2) Although some literature
stated that there is a major discernable difference in power/electric costs
between ST-SDG and STEP, GP and sewer systems, the cost data of this study
reflected hardly any^differences; and (3) In terms of percentage of the
total 0 & M costs, the salary and utility component percentages (32 percent
and 13 percent, respectively) are reflective of similar components in May
1983 Region V OM & R Budget Study.
The development of an annual ACS 0 & M budget involves careful planning and
close examination of the needs and resources necessary to properly operate
and maintain an ACS. Included among these needs and resources are person-
nel, supplies, materials, power, and spare parts. It must be remembered
that 0 & M costs represent a continuing demand over the life of an ACS for
a municipality. The keeping of adequate financial-records including bill
receipt for contractual O&M activities and payment dates are also important
as are the tracking and logging of these activities.
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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
There 1s not a consistent Implementation of preventive maintenance activi-
ties among the municipalities studied. Maintenance activities ranged from
crisis management with respect to responding only to complaints through
inlmal yearly maintenance activities to well developed and Implemented
programs. In order to ensure the long term viability of these systems,
yearly maintenance programs must be implemented and should incorporate
septic tank inspections, grinder and effluent pump inspection and cleaning
as well as an annual sewer flushing and inspection program.
Clearwater from high infiltration/inflow, as identified by many municipal-
ities, was related to design/construction issues, including illegal con-
nections (foundation drains/sump pumps), pt>or connections from the house
to the septic tank or pump chamber, arid breakage of pipe due to the
settling of septic tanks/pumps. Municipalities should take into account
that whenever the physical condition of the lateral from the house to the
septic tank/pump is in question, the lateral should be replaced. In addi-
tion, follow-up should be taken if any illegal connections are suspect.
Detailed inspections of the lateral and for illegal connections should be
part of any ACS project.
A number of municipalities identified the fact that their inventory of spare
parts was kept to a minimum because of the availability of motors, pumps,
valves, and pipe through local suppliers. Parts such as relays, fuses and
switches are easy to obtain but may warrant a larger stock because of more
frequent replacement. In general, existing inventories did not present any
problems for these municipalities.
^ This report was prepared by
Ernesto Lopez, Thomas Poy, and Charles Pycha
Environmental Engineers
Technical Support Section
Municipal Facilities Branch
U.S. EPA - 5WFT-TUB-9
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604
(312) 353-2144
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8
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(1) Kreissl, James F. United States Experience With Alternative Sewers.
U.S. EPA Report No. 600/D-87-029, NT1S No. PB87-145876. 1987.
(2) Environment One Corp. (Schnectady, New York). Design Handbook For
Low Pressure Sewer Systems - Grinder Pumps. 1973.
(3) F. E. Meyers (Ashland, Ohio). Newsletter No. 3-85. Pressurized
Alternative Wastewater Systems, PAWS News Tracks: Should I Step Ahead
With a "STEP" Pressure System.
(4) Tollefson, David J., and Kelly, Robert F. STEP Pressure Sewers Are A
Viable Wastewater Collection Alternative. Water PoJ lution Control
Federation (WFPC) Journal, Volume 55-No. 7, July 1983.
(5) WPCF (Alexandria, Virginia). Alternative Sewer Systems, Manual Of
Practice. 1986.
(6) Otis, Richard L, Rural Systems Engineering (Madison, Wisconsin). Waste-
water Collection Systems - Small Diameter Gravity Sewers.
(7) Handbook: Septage Treatment And Disposal. U.S. EPA Municipal Environ-
mental Research Laboratory (Cincinnati, Ohio). EPA-625/6-84-009.
October 1984.
(8) OM & R, USEPA-Region V Budget Study. May 1983.
V
\
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KEY QUESTIONS
(1) Alternative Conveyance System (ACS) Management Structure
(a) What does 1t look like in terms of managing your ACS?
(b) Who are the key members of the management team?
(c) What are the responsibilities of these members?
(2) ACS Ownership
(a) Who owns the components of your ACS, i.e., septic tanks,
grinder pumps, effluent pumps, sewer lines?
(b) For those ACS components located on private property, do
you have rights-of-way, easements or special provisions
to allow for the carrying out of 0 4 M tasks? If so,
briefly describe those provisions.
(3) Operating & Maintenance Program
(a) What are the tasks of your program?
b) How often are these tasks carried out?
c) For small-diameter gravity/septic tank (SDG/ST) and
septic tank effluent pump (STEP) sewer systems,
(1) How often are septic tanks pumped?
(2) How is septage treated and/or disposed of?
(3) What are the costs of septic tank pumping and
septage management?
(d) What are the responsibilities of users of the ACS in terms
of operation and maintenance tasks, especially for on-lot
facilities located on their property?
(e) (1) What was the number of spare components of your ACS held
in inventory, if any?
(2) What were the reasons behind choosing these numbers?
(3) Did the number of spares proved adequate?
(f) What type of information do your maintenance records contain?
Where are they filed?
4. Problems
(a) What are/were the problems encountered during the construction
and operation of your ACS?
(b) What actions are/were being taken te resolve these problems?
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10
(c) Do these actions Include recommendations for improved con-
struction methods if you had to do it again?
(d) Have you encountered any infiltration/inflow (I/I) problems in
your ACS? If yes, what are the sources of I/I and how much?
5. Budget and Costs
(a) What is/was your annual 0 & M, budget for your ACS? Budget
should be itemized.
(b) What are your average monthly and yearly 0 & M costs? Please
itemize.
(c) What charges are being levied by you on the users of your ACS?
6. Update of data collected during previous ACS SEP (1985)
(a) When was the construction of your ACS initiated and completed?
(b) When was it placed in operation?
(c) What is the actual footage and size of the sewer pipes in
your ACS?
d) What is the size and number of septic tanks in your ACS?
e) For STEP and SDG/ST sewer systems, how many manholes and
cleanouts exists?
(f) For STEP sewer systems, how many effluent pumps are there in
your system?
(g) For grinder pump (GP) sewer systems,...
(1) How many manholes are there?
(2) What type of pumps are being utilized?
(3) The pumps were manufactured by whom?
7. Do ordinances exist governing the use of your ACS? Be specific in
identifying the type of ordinance.
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11
TABLE 1: SEPTIC TANK SMALL DIAMETER GRAVITY
ITEM
IICIPALITY
1LLOW HILL
IL
ILLERVILLE
MN
LEXANORIA
IN
UMMERFIELD
IL
AKE MONROE
RWD, IN
AMIANSVILLE
IL
I1NGATE
IN
;RANTFORK
IL
mi SHOALS
IL
rfESTBORO
WI
VERGENNES
IL
GRANT PARK
IL
BEECHER CITY
IL
WAYNESVILLE
IL
SCOTT S.D.
WI
FILLMORE
IL
MEDORA
IL
ENDEAVOR
WI
NEW HAVEN
IL
SEWERS (L.F.)
GRAVITY
SEWER
(4 "-8")
11,542
13,085
7,064
4" to 6"
7,000
21,400
10,940
34,950
31,397
15,457
27,875
9,900
42,079
14,519
7,467
(593-6"
PRESSURE)
42,835
30,438
160,055
25,967
FORCE MAIN
1.5"- 6"
19,225
23
600
7,440
7,767
' *
\
4,273
527
66,652
MAN-
HOLES
45
33
6
60
43
53
26
26
27
16
12
22
14
23
49
20
16
49
CLEAN-
OUTS
183
12
29
8
75
69
58
45
4
46
6
69
45
30
SEPTIC TANKS (S-f)~
1500 GAL.
AND
BELOW
124
54
219
83
(4'x4'x8')
100
145 .
114
172
75
81
120
218
221
71
164
131
102
265
ABOVE
1500
GAL
29
2
20
15
S-T PUMP-
OUT
FREQUENCY
(YEARS)
3 to 5
2 or
as needed
basis
3
1/3 S-T
annualy
as needed
as needed
3
3
3
4 to 7
on a
selective
basis
as needed
basis
3
2
4
3 to 5
annually
4
COST FOR
S-T
PUMP-OUT
($)
100/1000 Gaf.
S-T/cleaning_
200/yr
2500
50/S-T
40/2000 gal
of septage
pumped
40/S-T
75/S-T
25/S-T
50/S-T
75/S-T
78/S-T
50 - 75/S-T
100/S-T
35/S-T
wt
Budgeted
1200
75/S-T
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12
TABLE 2: GRINDER PUMPS
ITEM
CIPALITY
£EPY HOLLOW
IL
INWOOD
MN
)GAN COUNTY
OH
ARENGO
IN
YEVILLE
WI
,AM1LTON LAKE
IDNSERVATION DIST.
IN
tUDYARD TWP.
;HIPPEWA co.
MI
:ALL CREEK REG'AL
rfASTE DISTRICT
IN
PIKE CO. SEWER DIST.
(WAVERLY)
OH
LAKE EYGPT WATER
& SEWER DISTRICT
IL
DILLONVALE
MT. PLEASANT WWSD
OH
GENESSEE CO.
OH
SEWERS GRINDER PUMPS (GP)
PRESSURE
(1.25" - 6"D)
16,494
38,000
15,545
7,175
21,058
158,395
10,186
10,696
42^239
234,812
20,373
(8" - 10")
1,800
96,339
8" - 12"
1,435
'28,340
NO.
135
85 simplex
9 duplex
30
33 simplex
1 duplex
68 simplex
640
56
85
250 simplex
1,233 sim-
plex
5 duplex
16
95 simplex
270 duplex
SIZE of
(Hp)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
2-15
2
PUMP MANUFACTURER
Hydromatic
Peabody - Barnes
Peabody - Barnes
Environment One
Corp.
F. E. Meyers
ABS Pumps, Inc.
F. E. Meyers
F. E. Meyers
ABS Pumps, Inc.
F. E. Meyers
ABS Pumps, "Inc.
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12
TABLE 2: GRINDER PUMPS
ITEM j
ICIPALITY
LEEPY HOLLOW
IL
LENUOOD
MN
DGAN COUNTY
OH
IARENGO
IN
JYEV1LLE
WI
1AM1LTON LAKE
;DNSERVATION DIST.
IN
RUDYARD TWP.
CHJPPEWA CO.
MI
FALL CREEK REG'AL
WASTE DISTRICT
IN
PIKE CO. SEWER DIST.
(WAVERLY)
OH
LAKE EYGPT WATER
£ SEWER DISTRICT
11
D1LLONVALE
MT. PLEASANT WWSD
OH
6ENESSEE CO.
OH
SEWERS GRINDER PUMPS (GP)
PRESSURE
(1.25" - 6"D)
16,494
38,000
15,545
7,175
21,058
158,395
10,186
10,696
42.239
234,812
20,373
(8" - 10")
1,800
96,339
8" - 12"
1,435
28,340
NO.
135
85 simplex
9 duplex
30
33 simplex
1 duplex
68 simplex
640
56
85
250 simplex
1,233 sim-
plex
5 duplex
16
95 simplex
270 duplex
SIZE of
(HP)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
2-15
2
PUMP MANUFACTURER
Hydromatic
Peabody - Barnes
Peabody - Barnes
Environment One
Corp.
F. E. Meyers
ABS Pumps, Inc.
F. E. Meyers
F. E. Meyers
ABS Pumps, Inc.
F. E. Meyers
ABS Pumps, .Inc.
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13
TABLE 3: SEPTIC TANK EFFLUENT PUMP (STEP)
ITEM
MUNICIPALITY
LEN FLORA
WI
1CKING COUNTY
UCKEYE LAKE)
OH
:ARVER co.
LKETOWN TWP.)
MN
SEWERS (L.F.)
GRAVITY
SEWER
(4M-8"D)
233
7,064
N/A
PRESSURE
SEWER
(3"-8"D)
11,066
185,000
39,622
NO. OF
MAN-
HOLES
92 MH
10 AR
MH
NO. OF
EFFL.
PUMPS
42
1,440
51
SEPTIC 1
1500
GAL. A
BELOW
» »
1,440
205
fAWS TS-f )
ABOVE
1500
GAL.
42
S-T PUMP
OUT
FREQ.(YR)
1 to 3
10
3
COST FOR
S-T PUMP-OUT
($)
25/2000 gal.
of septage
pumped
65/S-T
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