UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN PROJECT
STUDY PLAN
FOR A
COMPREHENSIVE WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL PROGRAM
November 1964
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control
Region V, Chicago, Illinois
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
Purpose 1
Scope 1
Objectives 2
OTHER FEDERAL AGENCY PARTICIPATION 3
PARTICIPATION WITH STATE AGENCIES AND PRIVATE GROUPS 1?
TECHNICAL COMMITTEES AND CONSULTANTS 20
FIELD INVESTIGATIONS 23
Inventory of Water Uses and Water-borne Wastes 23
C61Iectioti of Data on Existing Water Quality 29
Field Stations 32
Studies to Determine the Location, Quantities,
and Characteristics of Wastes 3^-
Studies to Determine the Quality of Surface
and Ground Waters 36
Hydraulic Measurements ^3
Processing of Data ^3
LABORATORY PROGRAM ^5
ENGINEERING ANALYSES 5^
Preliminary Phase 5^
Detailed Studies 56
PLAN FORMULATION 60
STAFFING REQUIREMENTS AND ADMINSTRATION 62
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INDEX OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number Folloving Page No.
1 Public Water Supply Systems 25
2 Manufacturing Industries Water Supplies 26
3 Sources of Sewage Pollution 27
k Industrial Waste Sources 29
5 Outline for Preliminary Report 59
6 Functional Organization Chart 62
7 Estimated Personnel Requirements 62
8 "PERT" Guide Chart - Preliminary Phase Studies 6U
9 "PERT" Guide Chart - Detailed Studies 6k
10 Proposed Work Schedule 6k
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INDEX OF FIGURES
Figure Number Following Bage No.
1 Upper Mississippi River Planning
Subareas 2
Upper Mississippi River Basin
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I - INTRODUCTION
Purpose
The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service
in cooperation with the State agencies concerned with public water supply,
water pollution control, water resource development, conservation and
related fields, and with other Federal and interstate agencies, is planning
to undertake a detailed study of the Upper Mississippi River Basin. The
study will be undertaken as a part of the Public Health Service activities
to develop comprehensive programs for eliminating or reducing the pollution
of interstate waters and tributaries thereof and improving the sanitary con-
ditions of surface and underground waters under the authority given to the
Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in Public Law
660, 8^th Congress, as amended by Public Law 87, 88th Congress.
Scope
«iii*min..
The study area will include all of the area draining into the Mississippi
River above the mouth of the Ohio River, exclusive of the areas drained by
the Illinois and Missouri Rivers. This includes a total area of 160,000 square
miles which has been divided into 15 planning subareas (hydrologic subbaeins).
The major parts or all of 2k6 counties in the State of Illinois, Iowa,
Minnesota, Missouri, South Dakota, and Wisconsin are located within these 15
subbasins. In the development of a comprehensive program for this basin, due
regard shall be given to the improvements which are necessary to conserve the
surface and ground waters for public water supplies, propagation of fish and
aquatic life and wildlife, recreational purposes, and agricultural, industrial
and other legitimate uses. This will entail a determination of (l) the
existing water uses and water-borne wastes, (2) the present quality of sur-
face and ground waters through sampling and laboratory testing procedures,
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and (3) the natural characteristics and capability of surface waters to
assimilate wastes. Using the data collected, together with that supplied by
other Federal agencies, mathematical projections will be made of the water
needs for all beneficial uses and the flow regulation requirements for water
quality control. The plan formulated as a part of the study will include
an itemization of facilities and measures needed to improve, protect, and
conserve the quality of both surface and ground waters for present and future
beneficial uses.
Objectives
The objectives of the study are as follows:
1. To determine the causes of water pollution and the effects of
such pollution on the quality of water resources and beneficial
water uses.
2. To develop agreements on the desired beneficial water uses and
the water quality objectives necessary to accommodate these uses.
3. To develop water quality management measures to achieve the
desired objectives including the establishment of a timetable
for their accomplishment.
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UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER
BASIN PROJECT
PLANNING SUB-AREAS
OEPT. OF HEALTH, EDUCATION a WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
REGION V CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
SeoU • 11 2,500,000
I MISSISSIPPI HDWTR
2 CHIPPEWA AND BLACK
3 WISCONSIN
4 ROCK
5A ILLINOIS,NORTH
58 ILLINOIS, SOUTH
6 KASKASKIA
7 BIC MUDDY
8 MERAMEC
9 S A L T
10 FOX.WYACONDA AND FABIUS
DES MOINES
12 SKUNK
13 IOWA-CEDAR
r 14 TURKEY, MAQUOKETA.WAPSIPINICON I'i
AND UPPER IOWA
IS CANNON,ZUMBRO AND ROOT
ninM»ft|-
L^ „ ' • I * I IP"1"'I ^ L -
, ^ ^< 0«
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KENTUC KY
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER
BASIN
U.S. DEPT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, 8 WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
REGION V CHICAGO.ILLINOIS
FIGURE
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II - OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES PARTICIPATION
Discussions have been held with each of the Federal agencies part-
icipating in the Upper Mississippi River Comprehensive Basin Study (UMRCBS).
These discussions were held at the request of the Federal agencies in
order to coordinate the needs for the Framework Plan Study with the future
requirements of the Public Health Service for its Comprehensive Water Pol-
lution Control Study. Prior to the meetings with the Federal agencies an
itemized listing of the Public Health Service needs was prepared. This
itemized listing was reviewed by representatives of a number of Comprehensive
Water Pollution Control Project staff members prior to presentation. The
listing was prepared to cover only those items of data that would be used
in connection with the Public Health Service Comprehensive Water Pollution
Control Study. It did not include the important narrative and descriptive
information and other data that will be included in the appendices to the
UMRCBS Report.
The appendices to the UMRCBS Report will be prepared by the various
Federal agencies that met with the Public Health Service to discuss the needs.
A considerable portion of the data needs for the Public Health Service Comp-
rehensive Water Pollution Control Study will be included in the appendices
as totals for each of the 16 planning subareas. Undoubtedly it will be
necessary for the other Federal agencies to make special studies in order
to present the information needed by the Public Health Service for areas
smaller than planning subareas. In addition, other items of information
that will not be included in the Appendices Reports may be needed. It is
understood, however, that most of the agencies are collecting the basic data
for the UMRCBS Report by counties or groups of counties within subareas.
Therefore, the work required to present information to the Public Health
Service for smaller than planning subareas will be simplified.
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The following Federal agencies were represented in the meetings held
to coordinate the needs of the Public Health Service for its Comprehensive
Water Pollution Control Study with the requirements for the UMRCBS:
Department of Agriculture
Economic Research Service
Forest Service
Soil Conservation Service
Department of the Army
Corps of Engineers
Federal Power Commission
Department of the Interior
Bureau of Mines
Geological Survey
Fish and Wildlife Service
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Office of Water and Power
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Public Health Service
In Mr. Harold C. Jordan!, Jr.'s letter of November 2, 196U the extent
of the participation of the National Park Service in river basin studies is
outlined. In certain locations within the Upper Mississippi River Basin,
it appears that this agency could contribute valuable information for use
in connection with the Water Pollution Control Study.
No attempt has been made to indicate the agencies that will be assigned
by their respective departments to contribute the information included in the
following listing of items. Following completion of the UMRCBS Appendices
Report, additional meetings should be held with the various departments and
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agencies to discuss in detail the additional requirements of the Public Health
Service. The following outline lists some of the items that vill be included
in the UMRCBS Appendices Report and others that will be obtained through special
studies.
A. Economic and demographic, studies (available from Corps of Engineers)
B. Surface water hydrology
1. Runoff - Stream gaging stations (to be selected)
(Corps will prepare two or three for each subbasin)
*a. Location
*b. Drainage area above each
*c. Mean monthly flow data for period, of record
2. Stream flow characteristics (Representative stations in each
subbasin)
*a. LOT flow frequency graphs of annual mean stream flows
based on April-March annual means (See USGS WSP 15^3A for
detailed procedure).
*b. Ratio of median monthly flow to annual mean flow at
representative gaging station.
*c. Time of flow between selected points for range of flows
3. Available data on existing and potential reservoirs
*a. For municipal and/or industrial uses only
*b. For power use only
*c. For flood control and/or navigation only
*d. For recreational use only
*e. For quality control regulation only
*f. For multiple purpose use '•,pacify)
*g. Safe yield and operation schedules
*Data available from UMRCBS Report
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k. Evaporation losses from free water surface
*a. In each subbasin
*b. Average for entire basin
C. Ground water hydrology and geology
1. Ground water aquifers in each subbasin
a. Areal extent, description and area of recharge watershed
b. Depth and distance below ground
c. Estimated storage capacity
d. Estimated annual recharge
e. Estimated annual discharge to streams
f. Estimated natural yield
g. Estimated present withdrawal rate
h. Drawdown per 100 gpm pumped
i. Time of recovery
j. Recommended well spacing
k. Estimated variations in discharge to stream flow during
periods of minimum and maximum withdrawal
1. Chemical contents of water
m. Recharge possibilities
(l) Through wells
(2) Through impoundments, water spreading, etc.
D. Recreation
1. Introduction
Purpose
2. The Basin
Location and extent
Climate
The Land
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Geography
Leind Use
Ownership patterns
'1 The Water
The Mississippi River and Tributaries
Inland Lakes
Reservoirs and dams
Water quality and Pollution (general incidence)
.. The People and Their Requirements
Resident population
Past and present
Projected to 1980, 2000, 2020
X*" The Economy
Changing Times
Mobility, work week, availability of expendable funds,
improved equipment
Visiting Populations
Present
Projected
Basic requirements of people for recreation participation
b ik. Subbasin Inventory of Recreation Areas
Name
Location
Administering Agency
Ownership
Description
Access
Acreage—Land, water, marsh
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Classification
High density recreation
General recreation
Natural environment
Outstanding natural features
Primitive area
Historical and cultural site
Physical description of area
Land surface characteristics
Terrain features
Other attracting features
Present Subbasin Water Oriented Recreation Activities
Existing activities rated as to importance (fishing, swimming,
boating, water skiing, camping, hunting, winter sports, and
others including overnight users) Heavy Medium___Light None
Visitation (Annual)
Number day visits
Number overnight visits
Percentage of visits by month
Fees charged
Entrance or parking
User
None
Future Projections of Subbasin Water Oriented Recreation
Types of facilities currently needed
Activities programmed for short term (five year) development
in subbasin
Potential recreational activities in subbasin
Projected outdoor recreational use for yea_rs 1980, 2000, 2020
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Percent of people, by month, using each activity
Location where recreational facilities are needed
Needed minimum facilities to meet demand 1980, 2000, 2020
Subbasin Water Quality as Related to Water Oriented Recreation
Water quality influence
Acceptability of water in recreation areas
Types of waste and source of pollutants
From shore facilities
From boats
Other
Selected locations where deteriorated water quality
effects recreation
Specific recreation use effected
Cause
Corrective actions (date and result)
Summary of Recreation Activities Related to Water Quality
Existing activities under present water quality conditions
Projected activities under similar or deteriorated conditions
Projected activities under improved conditions
Conclusions
E. Fish and Wildlife
Mi being revlued)-
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1. Criteria.
a. species-groups
b. Water Quantity and quality.
2. Areas of habitat where existing water quality should be preserved, by
subbasin.
a. cold-water sport fish.
b. warm-water sport fish.
c. commercial fish.
d. waterfowl
e. aquatic fur animals•
3- Areas of habitat where existing water quality should be up-graded,
a. cold-water sport fish.
b. warm-water sport fish.
c. commercial fish.
d. waterfowl
e. aquatic fur animals.
k. Areas of potentital fish and wildlife habitat projected for develooment
in the years 1980, 2000 and 2020 where water quality standards should
be established and maintained, by subbasin.
a. cold-water sport fish.
b. warm-water sport fish.
c. commercial fish.
d. waterfowl.
e. aquatic fur animals.
5• Basin-wide summary.
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F. Mining and mineral resources
1. General statement on basin
2. Discussion of hydrologic subbasin (each sub hydrologic basin
to be discussed separately as outlined.)
a. Existing development of mineral resources as related to
water needs, discharges, and problems.
(l) Oil and gas
(a) Extent of reserves
(b) Number and location of producing wells
(c) Number and location of abandoned wells
(2) Solid fuels
(a) Strip mining
Number, location, and extent of present operations
Number, location, and extent of abandoned operations
(b) Underground mining
Number, location and extent of present operations
Number, location and extent of abandoned operations
(3) Metallic and nonmetallic minerals
(a) Surface mining operations
Number, location and extent of present operations
Number, location and extent of abandoned operations
(b) Underground operations
Number, location and extent of present operations
Number, location and extent of abandoned operations
b. Projected development of mineral resources and problems for
years ifSO; POOO, 2020.
(1) Oil anc gas
(a) Potential areas of production
(b) Projected development
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Prod.uci.ng veils - Number and general location
Abandoned wells - Number and general location
(2) Solid fuels
(a) Strip mining
Potential area of production
Projected course of development, abandonment, and
reclamation of lands
(b) Underground mining
Potential area of production
Projected course of development and abandonment
(3) Metallic and nonmetallic minerals
(a) Surface mining
Potential area of production
Projected course of development, abandonment
and reclamation of lands
(bi.>*Underground mining
Potential area of production
Projected course of development, abandonment
(c) Summary of water needs, discharge, and problems
by bydrologic subbasins
G. Climate and meterology
*1. Types and location of stations (map)
2. Precipitation
*a. Subbasins
(l) Monthly average for normal year
(2) Monthly average for minimum year
*b. Intensity, duration curves for selected stations (storms
occurring during normal year)
*c. Depth of annual snowfall for normal year (subbasins)
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3- Temperatures
*&. Mean annual and monthly distribution (subbasins)
*b. Maximum depth of freezing (subbftsins)
(l) Lake and reservoirs
(2) Rivers and streams
(3) Land areas
(k) Duration of ice cover
H. Power
1. Existing power developments
a. Hydroelectric
*(l) Location on map
*(2) Capacity and production
X(3) Extent of and specific locations of plants used for
peaking (hours of day shut down)
X(*0 Possibility of re-regulating releas$$
b. Steam electric generating stations
*(l) Location ©n map
*(2) Capacity and production
»
2. Projected fewer developments for years 1980, 2000, 2020
a. Hydroelectric
*(l) Location on map
*(2) Capacity and production
X(3) Extent of and specific location of plants to be used
for peaking (hours of day shut down)
%(k) Possibility of re-regulating releases
b. Steam electric generating stations
*(l) Location on map (area)
X Data to be obtained through special studies
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*(2) Capacity and production
c. Pumped storage
*(l) Location on map
*(2) Capacity and production
3. Steam electric generating stations cooling water requirements
*a. Average quantity per KWH used for cooling purposes
(l) Maximum nour
(2) Montn of August
(3) Annual
*b. Average heat loss to condensing water
(l) Maximum hour
(2) Month of August
(3) Annual
*c. Cooling tower water losses
(l) Average for month of August
(2) Average annual
Agriculture
1. Existing development of resources (by subbasin)
a. Land use (acres)
*(1) Cultivated
*(2) Pasture and grass
*(3) Wood lots and forests
b. Soil erosion
*(1) Erodible land (acres)
*(2) Non-erodible land (acres)
*(3) Estimated annual soil loss (tons)
c. Drained land
Areas (total acres and areas outlined on map)
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*(2) Brief discussion of quality of drainage waters
indicating soil leachability and effects of
fertilizers used
*d. Farm animals (number)
*e. Discuss use of insecticides and herbicides, indicating
the amounts used in each subbasin annually (also in-
clude a discussion of available data on the agricultural
•«
effects of radioactive fallout)
2. Projected development of resources for years 1980-2000-2020
(by subbasin)
*a. The estimated total capacity in potential headwater
reservoirs available for municipal and industrial use or
that could be released for water quality control (if possible
indicate the subareas on map)
b. Soil erosion
*(1) Erodible land (acres)
*(2) Non-erodible land (acres)
*(3) Estimated annual soil loss (tons)
c. Drained land
*(l) Area (total acres and potential areas outlined on map)
*(2) Brief description of quality of drainage waters
indicating use of fertilizers and soil leachability
(also, if possible, estimated quantities of drainage
waters discharged into rivers and streams from specific
areas)
*d. Farm animals (total projected number each date)
Xe. Upstream reservoirs with capacities sufficient to provide a
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minimum of 5 cfs for stream flow regulation during di?y
months or to provide a minimum safe yield of 100,000 gpd
for municipal or industrial use
(l) Location (show potential reservoirs sites on map)
(2) Capacity of each (available for above us s)
(3) Safe yield of each
*Data available from UMRCBS Reports
X Data to be obtained through s pecial studies
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III - PARTICIPATION WITH STATE AGENCIES, INTERSTATE AGENCIES AND GROUPS, LOCAL
AUTHGPITIES AND PRIVATE GROUPS
Most of the basic data needs for both the Framework Water Supply and
Quality Control and Comprehensive Water Pollution Control Studies will be
made available throiugh the State Departments of Health, Water Pollution
Control and Water Resource Agencies. Participation of most of the other
State agencies in the Upper Mississippi River Comprehensive Water Pollution
Control Studies will be channeled through the various Federal agencies part-
icipating in the study. However, all of the agencies represented by
membership in the Coordinating Committee for the UMRCBS and a number of
the other State agencies have indicated an interest in more direct infor-
mation on the extent of the Public Health Service Comprehensive Water Pol-
lution Control Studies, In the past years the Public Health Service has
participated in the activities of the Bi-State Development Agency represent-
ing the interests of Illinois and Missouri in the St. Louis District, the
Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, and the State of Illinois
Technical Advisory Committee on Water Resources. A number of local water
works and industries are participating with the Public Health Service in
operation of the Water Pollution Surveillance System. Participation with
the State, interstate and local agencies and industries will be continued
and expanded to include other groups participation, particularly at the
local levei. A partial list of the agencies, organizations and groups that
should be contacted and kept informed of the progress of the Comprehensive
Water Pollution Control Studies follows:
State Agencies
Illinois
Technical Advisory Committee on Water Resources
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Board of Economic Development
State Water Survey
Department of Conservation
Department of Health
Division of Sanitary Engineering
Iowa
Natural Resources Council
Conservation Commission
Geological Survey
Department of Health
Division of Public Health Engineering
Minnesota
Department of Conservation
Division of Waters
Division of Fish and Game
Department of Health
Division of Environmental Sanitation
Missouri
Water Resources Board
Conservation Commission
Geological Survey
Water Pollution Control Board
Division of Health
South Dakota
Water Resources Commission
Department of Health
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Wisconsin
Department of Resource Development
Department of Conservation
Department of Health
Water Pollution Committee
Interstate Agencies and Groups
Bi-State Development Agency
Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee
Local Authorities and Private Groups
Area, Metropolitan and Municipal Planning Groups
Municipal and Metropolitan Water Suppliers
Municipal and Metropolitan Sewerage Authorities
State, County, Metropolitan and Municipal Industrial Organizations
State and County Clean Streams Committees
Conservation Organizations
Sportsman Clubs
Participators in Water Pollution Surveillance System
Burlington Iowa Municipal Water Department
*v
Dubuque Iowa Water Department
East St. Louis Illinois Water Company
Minneapolls-St, Paul Sanitary District
Missouri Utilities Company Cape Girardeau
U.S. Corps of Engineers
Lock and Dam No. 11 Dubuque, Iowa
Lock and Dam Ifo. 3 near St. Paul, Minnesota
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IV - TECHNICAL COMMITTEES AND CONSULTANTS
Technical Committees
In view of the fact that the beneficial water uses and water quality
parameters may vary somewhat between the subbasins in the southern and
northern parts of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, it is recommended
that more than one technical committee be established. A letter (see
sample) will be prepared by the Project Director for the Regional Program
Director's signature to each of persons being requested to serve on the
committees. Activities of each of the committees for the assigned sub-
basins may also be somewhat variable; however, their main assistance to
the Public Health Service and the Project Director should be emphasized as
follows:
1. The dissemination of information on purpose, scope and status
of accomplishments and problems in connection with the compreh-
ensive program studies.
2. The determination of desired beneficial water uses for each sub-
basins. This determination should be based on public policy as
expressed for national interest.
3- The development of water quality objectives or goals for each
beneficial use.
k. The obtaining of agreement between State and interstate regulatory
agencies on the water quality objectives or goals established.
Representatives of water users and Federal, State, interstate, and local
agencies should be invited to serve on each of the technical committees.
On the basis of location and comparable water uses, it is suggested that
separate technical committees be established to serve in the following sub-
basins :
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Committee No. 1
6 - Kaskaskia River, 7 - Big Muddy River, 8 - Meramec River, 9 - Salt
River, and 10 - Fox, Wyaconda, and Fabius Rivers and southern section
of the main stem of the Upper Mississippi River.
Committee No. 2
^ - Rock River, 11 - Des Moines River, 12 - Skunk River, 13 - Iowa-Cedar
Rivers, 1^ - Turkey, Maquoketa, Wapsipinicon and Upper Iowa Rivers,
an" middle section of main stem of Upper Mississippi River below the
mouth of the Chippewa River.
Committee No. 3
1 - Mississippi River Headwaters, 2 - Chippewa and Black Rivers, 3 -
Wisconsin River, 15 - Cannon, Zumbro and Root Rivers and 16 - Minnesota
River.
Dear
This is to ask you if you would be willing to serve as a member of a
technical committee to assist the Public Health Service in developing long
term plans for the control of pollution affecting the surface and ground
waters in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. Each committee will be composed
of representatives of water users and Federal, State, interstate and local
agencies.
The water pollution control study underway in the Upper Mississippi
River Basin is designed to develop a comprehensive plan to control and
prevent pollution. In an undertaking of this scope and magnitude and in
consideration of the issues involved, a high degree of communication and
understanding, as well as the dissemination of reliable information, is a
necessity. A wide variety of experiences and viewpoints is needed to assist
in developing a sound plan and in carrying out such measures as the plan
may propose. Your assistance will be needed primarily in carrying out the
following:
1. The dissemination of information on purpose, scope and status of
accomplishments and problems in connection with the comprehensive program
studies.
2. The determination of desired beneficial water uses for each sub-
basin.
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3. The development of water quality objectives or goals for each
beneficial use.
14-. The obtaining of agreement between State and interstate .regulatory
agencies on the water quality objectives or goals established.
We wish to carry on the study in cooperation with the States, municipal-
ities, and industries of the areas so that we can develop a program which will
protect the waters for the best uses of all concerned. The committee on
which you are being asked to serve will be concerned with activities in the
Kaskaskia, Big Middy, Meramec, Salt, Fox, Wyaconda and Fabius Rivers Sub-
basins and that section of the Mississippi River which receives drainage
from these subbasins. The service area of this committee is outlined on
the enclosed map.
Acceptance of this membership will be an acknowledgement of .your in-
terest in clean water. The work required will not place heavy demands OB your
time, and I sincerely hope that you will be able to undertake this most im-
portant assignment.
Sincerely yours,
H. V. Poston
Regional Program Director
Region V
Consultants
From time to time experts in the fields of water supply, water pollution
control, water resource development, conservation, statistical analyses and
computer programming should be employed to assist the technical staff in
establishing procedures, analyzing test results, evaluation of data, and
preparing reports. These experts should be obtained from the Rcbart A. Taft
Sanitary Engineering Center and other program of the Water Supply and Pol-
lution Control Division when available for consultation. However, the use
of college professors, technical experts from private organizations and
other Federal, State and local agencies should be considered for definite
periodic assignments.
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V - FIELD INVESTIGATIONS
Inventory of Water Uses and Water-borne Wastes
In order to be in a position to make preliminary estimates of the
future municipal and industrial water needs and water-borne waste loads,
in FY 1967 it will be necessary to start the collection of inventory data
during FY 19^5 and plan for completion prior to the date when the Comp-
rehensive Water Pollution Control Program investigatior « is scheduled to be
started. As some inventory data on existing water uses will be collected
and the future needs will be estimated by the other Federal agencies for
use in the UMRCBS Type I Report, primary consideration should be given
during FYs 1965-1966 toward the collection of information on (l) the present
municipal water supply use, (2) the present water use of the manufacturing
and construction industries, (3) the present municipal waste loads, and
(!»•) the present industrial waste loads.
Present Public Water Supply Use
The municipal water supply use should include that supplied through
(1) public water supply systems, (2) institutional water supply systems,
(3) Federal installation systems and (4) recreational area facilities,
The principal source of information for the data concerning public
water supply use is the Public Health Service publication "Municipal Water
Supply Facilities Inventory as of January 1, 1963." The data included in
this inventory should be assembled by ''subbasins with a further breakdown
into stream areas corresponding to the stretches on which water quality
studies are to be made. It is expected that the Basic Data Branch will be
able to supply the information needed on public water supply use broken down
into areas as designated by the project. After the printout is received,
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it should be checked with reports published by the State Departments of
Health to assure that all significant water supplies have been included.
In the State of Iowa an additional check should be made with the reports
available in the Natural Resources Council Office in order to update the
water consumption data. It is understood that the water consumption data
included in the 1963 inventory was obtained from a questionnaire submitted
to the municipalities in 1958. This information is not considered to re-
present the present use.
The States have information available in their files and/or publications
covering the present use of water withdrawn directly from surface and ground
water sources by institutions. The information needed should be collected
and included with the data obtained from the Basic Data Branch on public
water supplies.
The water withdrawn directly from surface and ground water sources by
Federal installations should b« included. The Public Health Service public-
ation, "Water Disposal Practices at Federal Installations" does not include
information on water consumption, type of treatment, nor source of supply;
however, it does include the name of the facility and whether or not the
wastes are discharged to a municipal system. It is also possible that the
reports being developed by the Enforcement Branch may be helpful in determining
the source of supply and water consumption for those installations with-
drawing water directly from surface and ground water sources. Such information
as can be collected should be included with the data assembled on public
water supplies.
The information on the present withdrawal of water from surface and
ground water sources by recreational facilities will be available in most
cases in the State Health Department Sanitary Engineering files. Data on
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supplies operated by Federal Recreational interests should be obtained from
the Federal Agencies where the information obtained from the States is in-
\
complete.
Exhibit No. 1 is a sample form to be prepared for each sub basin on which
the inventory data on municipal water supply us,e may be assembled. If the
degree of accuracy in collecting and assembling this information is sufficient,
there will be no need to duplicate the table at a later date for use in
the comprehensive water pollution control investigation.
Present Water Use of the Manufacturing Industries
An attempt is being made to obtain data on the water use of the man-
ufacturing industries from the Bureau of the Census in connection with their
"1963 Census of Manufactures - Industrial Water Use." Should it be possible
to obtain the information requested broken down by counties and planning sub-
areas , it would not be difficult to assemble the information by stream areas
corresponding to that used in the breakdown for municipal water supplies.
However, if the Bureau of the Census will not be able to supply the infor-
mation broken down in the necessary detail, consideration should be given
toward collecting this information in the following manner:
Illinois - The State Water Survey will make a breakdown of the industrial
water use by counties for ground water supplies and by streams for surface
supplies. The State Water Survey will expect to be paid for this service.
Iowa - The Natural Resources Council has available in its office, reports
from all industries that have increased their water consumption more than
3 per cent since 1958. It may be that this means of collecting the water
use data will not be sufficiently complete, and it will be necessary to
visit industries in order to obtain full coverage. If necessary to visit
industries, this should be handled at the same time data on industrial waste
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-26-
loads are obatined.
Minnesota - It is believed that information on watei use'by'"the' man-
ufacturing industry can be obtained from the Division of Waters.
Missouri - It will be necessary to visit industries in Missouri to ob-
tain data on industrial wastes; therefore, the information on water use should
be included, along with the data required on industrial wastes.
South Dakota - The method of obtaining information on industrial water
use in this State has not been investigated.
Wisconsin - Information on industrial water use in this State will be
collected by the Department of Resource Development upon request.
Exhibit No. 2 is a sample form for use in assembling data on the present
water use of the manufacturing industries. A similar breakdown into stream
areas corresponding to those used in the municipal water supply tabulation
should be employed in this table.
Other Water-Using Activities
Separate appendices will be attached to the UMRCBS Type I Report which
will include data on the present water use and the water supply needs of the
following:
1. Agricultural
a. Rural domestic use
b. Stock watering
c. Irrigation
2. Power
a. Hydroelectric
b. Steam electric generating stations
3« Mineral Resources Industries
Although this information will not be available in published form
until the latter part of FY 1969, it is expeeted that most of the infor-
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ration will be available in the Corps of Engineers Division Office by the
end of FY 1967.
Present Municipal Waste Loads
The Public Health Service 1962 inventory "Municipal Wagte Facilities"
is the best source of information for the subbasins tabulations of municipal
waste loads. The information included in this publication is listed sepa-
rately for each community or sanitary district sewerage system. Each State
also has published data for individual sewerage systems which include im-
formatioa on State institutions„ It is believed that some of the States
have not included the information on institutional facilities with separate
outlets in the data supplied for the Public Health Service inventory.
Information in the Public Health Service inventory also does not include
data for the Federal Installations which discharge wastes through separate
outfalls. The information on waste load discharges from Federal Installations
is included in the Public Health Service publication "Waste Water Disposal
Practices at Federal Installations." Therefore, the information on waste
loads discharged directly by State institutions and Federal Installations
should be added to the data compiled from the municipal waste facilities
inventory. The information included in the two Public Health Service pub-
lications is available from storage systems maintained by the Basic Data
Branch and can be broken down in any manner specified by the Projects. How-
ever, it may be necessary to submit to the Basic Data Branch the list
of Federal Installations in each subbasin if a direct subbasin tabulation
is desired. It is believed that a further breakdown below the subbasia
level caaa be made more easily in the Project off ice „ Data on State
institutions should be obtained from the States.
Exhibit No. 3 is a sample form for use in assembling the data on
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municipal waste loads. The data included in this form should be assembled
by stream areas to the degree necessary to reflect waste loads needed for
the water quality study.
Present Industrial Waste Loads
At the present time the information available in the State offices on
industrial waste loads is entirely inadequate. Most of the States have
up-to-date information on some of the larger industries such as pulp and
paper mills. Wisconsin is completing industrial waste surveys in all
basins and will have all areas surveyed by the spring of 1966. Copies of
reports including data on industrial waste loads will be forwarded to the
Regional office as soon as completed. Six of the 11 subbasin reports are
now available in the Project Office files.
It is expected that visits to industries will be required in order
to complete the industrial waste surveys in all States excepting Wisconsin.
The number of visits required in each State will depend upon the results
obtained from questionnaires which will be sent out to the industries by
the States during FY 1965. Should the return of completed questionnaires
be 100 per cent, it will not be necessary to make individual visits to any
of the industries. However 3, it is not expected that a 100 per cent compli-
ance with the State's request will be secured. Accordingly, plans are made
to secure the information lacking on industrial wastes through individual
visits to industries.
All the States have agreed that these visits should be made by Public
Health Service employees assigned to the State Sanitary Engineers. The
same form as used by the States in their questionnaires should be used in
completing this industrial waste survey. Space on the back of page 2 of this
form may be used to collect water use data in the case that information on
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-29-
water uses is not obtainable from the Bureau of Census. The information on
water use need be obtained only in connection with visits to those industries
that withdraw directly from surface and ground water sources.
Completion of the industrial waste surveys is planned for FY 1966.
Exhibit No. k is a sample form for use in assembling the data on industrial
waste loads. The data included in this tabulation should be assembled by
stream areas to the degree necessary to reflect waste loads needed for the
water quality study.
Collection of Data on Existing Water Quality
Following are the data available from each of the States that reflect
existing water quality conditions?
Illinois
Inventory of Public Water Supplies - This publication available in the
Project Office files includes some chemical analyses of raw and finished waters.
Water Quality Network Stations - Bacteriological and chemical analyses
are available in the State Health Department files for approximately 200 loc-
ations throughout the State.
Water Survey Reports - This State Agency has a published list of all
the reports.available on the quality of waters. It also has a considerable
amount of unpublished data on file.
Iowa
Taste and Odor Problems on the Cedair River - This 1961 report of the
Iowa Department of Public Health will be made available upon request should
it not be possible to locate an extra copy in the Kansas City or Chicago
offices of the Public Health Services.
Taste and Odor Problems in Cedar Rapids, Iowa - This is a report by the
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Public Health Service dated May, 1962, and should be available in the Kansas
City or Chicago Offices.
Taste and Odor Control in Cedar and Other Rivers - Dr. R. L. Morris is
now studying these problems under a PHS grant. A report should be available
by FY 1966.
Mineral Contents of Waters - Chemical analyses of surface water ia the
Skunk, Des Moines, and other rivers are available in unpublished form in
the State Pollution Control Office.
Surface Water Stations - Chemical analyses are available for 1957 i»
unpublished form at about two dozen locations in the State.
Public Water Supply Chemical Analyses - A report on raw and treated
water for public water supplies will be published July 1, 196U.
Des Moines River - A report to the Corps of Engineers on the water supply
and water pollution control needs in this river basin is available in the
Project files.
Minnesota
Our memorandum dated September 25, 1963, in connection with a meeting
held in Minneapolis with the State Health Department includes a list of some
of the reports available in this State. Most of these have been obtained by
the Twin-Cities Upper Mississippi River Project and will be made available
for the Upper Mississippi River Project Study upon request.
Pollution and Natural Purification of the Upper Mississippi River - A
study by the Public Health Service published in Bulletin No. 203 was made
during FY 192?. It indicates the water quality in the river below Mimneapolis-
gt« Paul prior to the construction of navigation dams.
Lower Minnesota River Study 1963-1964 - A report of the State Health
Department (available in Project files).
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-31-
Missouri
Meramec River Basin Study - A-study by the Public Health Service for the
Corps of Engineers in connection with a Type II Study of the basis shoving
municipal and industrial water supply needs and water quality control needs
is available in the Project Office files.
Meramec River Basin Study - A study by the Water Pollution Control Board
on quality conditions in the basin will be available after July 1, 1964.
St. Louis Metropolitan Area •= A report of the bi-State authority used in
the conference on Water Pollution Control held at St. Louis in 1958 is avail-
able in the Regional Office files.
Water Quality Stations - The State pollution Control Commission is co-
operating with the USGS in the operation of a number of water quality stations
located throughout the State. Results of the chemical analyses of samples
collected is available in the Project Office files.
Salt River Basin - Chemical analyses available in the Pollution Control
Board files indicates that the sulphate content of waters in the basin is high.
Public Water Supplies in Missouri - The Census data contains chemical
analyses of most of the States' public water supplies. A copy of the Missouri
Census is available in the Project files.
Wisconsin
Water pollution control reports are being prepared for 11 subbasins
draining into the Mississippi River. These reports include data on municipal
and industrial sources of pollution, biological studies of various subbasin
drainages, and physical, chemical and bacteriological data above and below
each source of pollution. These reports are well prepared and contain most
of the inventory data needed from the State of Wisconsin. Six of the reports
have been completed and are now available in the Project Office files. The
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remaining reports will be completed during calendar year 1965, and the early
part of 1966, and will be made available to the Project Office as completed.
Water Quality Monitoring Stations - The State operates seven stations
in Wisconsin in basins draining into the Mississippi River. These stations axe
located at the mouths of each of the major tributaries and at upstream
locations. The Pollution Control Committee is planning to publish a report
during 196^ including chemical analyses data for samples collected during
the years 1961, 1962 and 1963. This information is now available in the
State Health Department files.
Chemical Analyses of Public Water Supplies - The State Health Department
has unpublished data in its files for most of the Public Water Supplies located
within the Upper Mississippi River Basin.
Most of the information obtained from Wisconsin will be useful in
connection with the Comprehensive Water Pollution Control Studies. However,
additional sampling will be necessary for use in connection with the systems
analysis approach.
It is believed, however, that the information available in the published
reports and in the State files will be sufficient to make preliminary estimates
of the storage needs for quality control water.
Field Stations
Field stations will be located in the vicinity of Minneapolis-St. Paul,
Minnesota; Rock Island, Illinois and St. Louis, Missouri. Each station will
A
be staffed and equipped with office and laboratory facilities for a period
of one year.
The initial station will be located in the vicinity of Minneapolis-St.
Paul, Minnesota and equipped to service subbasins 1, 2, 3> 15 a&d 16 and the
main stem of the Mississippi River from the mouth of the Chippewa River to
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-33-
Clinton, Iowa. In addition to the necessary office and laboratory facilities,
three small boats with trailers for use on tributary streams will be required.
A larger boat should be used for the sampling program on the main stem of the
Mississippi River. This boat can be obtained from the Twin-Cities Project.
The present plans include the use of the field station now occupied by the
Twin-Cities Upper Mississippi River Project during the first year of the
detailed sampling program. The first year program is scheduled to start March
k, 1968 and be completed March 3, 1969.
The staff assigned to the field stations will consist of a supervising
sanitary engineer, a biologist, bacteriologist, two chemists, six engineering
aides, two laboratory aides and one biologist aide. Following completion
of the detailed sampling and laboratory analyses, this staff will be trans-
ferred to the Rock Island Field Station. Following completion of the in-
vestigations in the Rock Island area, the staff will be transferred to the
St. Louis Field Station.
The Rock Island Field Station will conduct the detailed sampling program
in subbasins k, 11, 12, 13 and lU and the main stem of the Mississippi River
from Clinton, Iowa to the mouth of the Des Moines River. In order to avoid
delays in the starting of the detailed sampling program it is proposed that
a contract be made with the Illinois State Department of Health for use of
space in its Rock Island Laboratory for a period of at least one year and
for use of its laboratory facilities until the necessary equipment can be
shipped from the Twin-Cities Laboratory. The contract should also provide
for use of Department of Health facilities for a period following completion
of the detailed sampling program of the Rock Island Field Station in order
that detailed studies in the area to be served from the St. Louis Station
will not be delayed. If this is not possible, a separate field station should
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-3k-
be located in the vicinity of Rock Island„ All of the equipment, boats and
other facilities used at the Twin-Cities Field Station should eventually be
shipped to the Rock Island Station. The detailed sampling program for the
Rock Island Station is scheduled to start March 17, 19^9 and to be completed
March 2, 19?0;
The St. Louis Field Station will service subbasins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and
the main stem of the Mississippi River from the mouth of the Des Moines
River to the mouth of the Ohio River. The detailed sampling program at this
station is scheduled to start March 1.6, 1970 and to be completed March 15, 1971.
The equipment, boats and other facilities used at the Twin-Cities Field
Station and the Rock Island Field Station will be shipped to the St. Louis
Field Station for use during the studies in this area.
Following completion of the detailed sampling program of the St. Louis
Field Station, a small staff will be retained to collect additional data that
may be necessary. This staff will be headquartered at Chicago, Illinois.
Studies to Determine the Location, Quantities and Characteristics of Wastes
The inventory data will show the sources of municipal and industrial
pollution contributing to the problem in the various stream stretches to be
studied and will include an estimate of the pollutional loads contributed.
The major sources of these waste loads should be located and sampled during
the periods stream samples are being collected. Where necessary, provisions
should be made to measure the quantities of waste flows in outlets to the
streams. The location of waste outlet points to be sampled in each stream
stretch should be determined following the preliminary and reconnaissance
surveys. Additional waste sources should be located and sampled where tests
indicate that the pollutional loads contributed from tributary streams are
excessive.
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In some lakes and streams, pollutional loads may be contributed from
sources other than municipal and industrial wastes. In these areas the loads
contributed from each source of pollution should be investigated. The
following sources of pollution may be contributing toward the severe pollut-
ional conditions which now exist in various lakes and streams.
1. Municipal sewage including storm water overflow
2. Industrial wastes
3. Wastes from recreational activities
4. Wastes from agricultural lands and suburban development activities
5. Steam electric generating stations return flows
6. Other types of wastes such as those resulting from radioactivity and
the refuse disposal methods employed.
After the locations of the various sources of pollution contributing
toward the problem in any specific lake or stream is determined, tests should
be conducted to determine the quality of discharges, or runoff during
storms and drainage from land areas. Where necessary, meters should be In-
stalled to measure the flows from combined and outfall sewers. The wastes
from recreational activities may have to be estimated on the basis of in-
formation supplied by the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation on use of boats,
marinas, and other facilities. The Department of Agriculture should be able
to furnish sufficient data from its research investigations on runoff from
various types of farming activities and land slope to estimate the runoff
into the lake or stream on an annual basis. It should be possible to verify
the estimates made in this manner with the inflow to lakes and streams as
measured at existing gaging stations. The Federal Power Commission will
supply data on the cooling water used at steam electric generating stations
and the amount of heat loss to condensing water. Following the studies which
may have to be carried out over a period of at least a year in certain loc-
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ations, fairly reliable estimates of the annual amounts of nutrients, pestic-
ides and/or other pollutants contributed from these sources can be made.
Measurements should be made of the sludge deposits on lake bottoms and
samples should be collected amd analyzed during the period when the other
studies are being made. This will be necessary to estimate the contribution
of pollution from bottom deposits. The estimated annual amounts of pollutants
contributed from this source should also be determined.
The quantities of present and projected future pollution loads contributed
from the various sources will be used in the plan formulation in determining
the needs for tertiary treatment, land use practice changes, cooling water
temperature reductions, or other measures necessary to improve and maintain
the quality of water in the lake or stream for present and future beneficial
uses.
Studies to Determinethe Quality of Surface and Ground Waters
In each of the 15 subbasins (exclusive of the Illinois River Basin) and
including the main stem of the Mississippi River below the mouth of the Chippewa
River, it will be necessary to collect samples and make sufficient laboratory
tests to determine the existing water quality in various stretches of streams.
In five of the subbasins, sufficient information is available at the present
time to indicate the streams that need to be studied in detail. In the other
subbasins, preliminary sampling will be necessary before the stream stretches
that need to be sampled can be determined. This is because acid mine drainage
and other types of pollutants are now affecting the quality of water in these
subbasins. Until studies by the Bureau of Mines and the Industrial waste
surveys have been completed, it will be difficult to locate the stream stretches
that need to be sampled. Reconnaissance surveys will be needed in all subbasins
to locate the points in each stream stretch where sampling stations should be
located. Accordingly, the preliminary and reconnaissance surveys are a most
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important part of the studies necessary to determine the existing quality of
surface waters.
Preliminary and Reconnaissance Survey
The preliminary and reconnaissance surveys should be carried out over a
period of a full year. The schedule for conducting these surveys should be
arranged so that each subbasin will be covered at four different periods
throughout the year; namely; spring, summer, fall and winter.
Considering the main stem of the Mississippi River as a first level stream,
it is believed that, except in special cases, detailed sampling will not be
required on tributary streams above the third level. The stream stretches in
which detailed sampling will be required are specified hereafter for five of
the subbasins. Reconnaissance surveys to locate sampling stations will be
necessary in each of these stream stretches. In the other subbasins where
pollutional loads indicate that low dissolved oxygen conditions may exist,
reconnaissance surveys should also be made. In some of the basins, particularly
those in which acid mine drainge is the major pollutional source affecting
water quality, preliminary sampling to locate sampling stations may be all that
is necessary. The stretches of streams suggested for detailed studies and those
subbasins in which preliminary sampling and/or reconnaissance surveys will be
required are as follows:
Headwaters Sub Basin 1
In this subbasin it will not be necessary to restudy the area from the Rum
River downstream to the mouth of the Chippewa River. The study t© be completed
by the Twin-Cities Upper Mississippi Project in FY 1966 is sufficiently com-
prehensive to require no further study in this area. However, it will be nec-
essary to extend this study upstream on the main stem of the Mississippi River
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and on the St. Croix River.
The Water Supply and Water Quality Control Study of the Mississippi Head-
waters Reservoirs completed by the Region VI Office of the Public Health Service
for the Corps of Engineers indicates that minumum historical flows of 0 cfs
would have occurred in the Mississippi River at Grand Rapids had not releases
been made from the headwaters reservoirs. Since no sampling was undertaken
in connection with the water resources study of the Region VI Office, it is
believed that additional studies may be required. Reconnaissance surveys
should be made to locate the stretches of streams above the Rum River which
need further study and to locate sampling stations.
The Water Pollution Study of the St. Croix River by the Wisconsin Depart-
ment of Health and Water Pollution Committee will be completed during the
spring of 1965. Information contained in this report should be sufficient
to locate those stretches of the St. Croix River which need further study.
Chippewa River Subbasin 2
Based on the information available in the water pollution reports completed
by the Wisconsin Department of Health and Water Pollution Committee, the stream
stretch in this subbasin to be studied in detail is as follows:
Flambeau River from Park Falls, Wisconsin downstream through the Chippewa
River to its junction with Mississippi River.
Wisconsin River Subbasin 3
Sufficient information is available in the water pollution report com-
pleted by the Wisconsin Department of Health and Water Pollution Committee to
indicate the need for further study of the following stretch in this subbasin:
Wisconsin River from Rhinelaader, Wisconsin downstream to its junction
with Mississippi River.
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Following completion of the State's water pollution report on the lower
Wisconsim River, stretches of tributary streams that need further study may be
indicated.
Rock River Subbasin In-
sufficient preliminary information is available in the water pollution
reports completed by the Wisconsin Department of Health and Water Pollution
Committee to indicate the need for further study of the following stretches
in this subbasin:
Rock River from the Stokely-Van Camp Cannery near Brandon, Wisconsin
downstream to its Junction with Mississippi River.
Tributary from Asblppun, Wisconsin downstream to its junction with
Rock River.
Badfish Creek from the Village of Oregon, Wisconsin downstream through
Yahara River to its junction with Rock River.
Following completion of the State's water pollution reports for the
Grant and Platte River Basins and Pecatonica River Basin, additional stretches
of these rivers and their tributaries may need to be designated for inclusion
in the reconnaissance surveys.
Kaskaskia River Subbasin 6
Adverse effects on water quality in this subbasin are believed to be
caused by acid mine drainage. Before the stream stretches in this basin
needing study can be determined, it will be necessary to complete the in-
dustrial waste survey, obtain information on areas of water quality damage
from the Bureau of Mines and collect information from unpublished test results
available in the Illinois State Health Department and Water Survey Offices.
Should this not be sufficient information to locate the sampling points,
preliminary sampling will be required.
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Big Muddy River Subbasin 7
A water supply and water quality control study for the Corps of Engineers
in connection with its Type II Study of the basin will be undertaken during
FYs 1965-66. Sufficient information should be available following completion
of the study to locate the required sampling points in this subbasin.
Meramec River Subbasin 8
Information should be available from the report of the Region VI Office
of the Public Health Service on the water supply and water quality control
study for the Corps of Engineers to locate the stretches of the Meramec River
and tributaries that will need further study. It may be necessary, however,
to collect preliminary samples from the Headwaters Diversion Canal which
drains the Upper Castor, Crooked and Whitewater Rivers into the Mississippi
River below Cape Girardeau. Other streams in this subbasin draining directly
•A
to the Mississippi River that may need to be sampled to determine further
aeeds are the Apple, Saline and Plattin Creeks.
Salt River Subbasin 9
It has been reported that the culphate content of the water in this sub-
basin is high, probably caused by the acid mine drainage. Preliminary sampling
will be required is order to^locate sampling stations.
Fox, Wyaconda and Fabius River Subbasin 10
As there is insufficient information available in the State offices to
indicate existing water quality conditions in this subbasin, it will be
necessary to conduct preliminary sampling in order to locate sampling stations.
Des Moines River Subbasin 11
The water supply and water quality control report prepared by the Region
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Ju-
VI Office for the Corps of Engineers covers only the area from Sylorsville
Reservoir downstream to the mouth of the Des Moines River. It is believed
that the stretch of river to be studied should be extended upward some distance
*
to include industrial waste loads discharged into the main river aad tributaries
above Des Moines. Based on present information, it is believed that the
main river stretch that should be studied Is as follows:
Des Moiaes River from Fort Dodge, Iowa downstream to its junction with
Mississippi River.
Skunk River Subbasin 12
In view of the fact that a storage reservoir is proposed for construction
on the main stem of the Skunk River above Ames, Iowa, it is suggested that
the following main river stretch in this basin be studied:
Skunk River from Ames, Iowa downstream to its junction with Mississippi
River.
Iowa-Cedar River Subbasin 13
The State reports that additional water for stream flow regulation is
needed in this subbasin. Algae is reported to be the cause of taste aad odor
problems affecting water quality within the basin and in the Mississippi
River. Both preliminary sampling and reconnaissance surveys will be necessary
to locate the stretches of the rivers in this subbasin that need further
study and to locate sampling stations.
Turkey, Maquoketa, Wapsipinicon and Upper Iowa Rivers Subbasin IV
The State reports that additional water for stream flow regulation is
needed in this basin. Both preliminary sampling and reconnaissance surveys
will be required to locate sampling stations.
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Cannon, Zumbro and Root Rivers Subbasin 15
Both preliminary sampling and reconnaissance surveys will be required on
each of these rivers to locate sampling points.
Minnesota River Subbasin 16
-• The Twin-Cities UMPB Study covers the lover stretch of the main river ia
this subbasin. Sufficient information may be available from this study to
locate the upstream stretches that need further study. However, a preliminary
sampling or reconnaissance survey will probably be needed to locate sampling
stations.
Main Stem of Mississippi River
Two stretches of the Mississippi River Main Stem below the mouth of the
Chippewa River are probably the most heavily polluted at the present time.
These are the Clinton-Quad Cities stretch and the stretch within and below
St. Louis, Missouri. However, because of the possibility that future water
pollution in the main stem of the river may be extended into other areas, it
is suggested that the entire stretch from the mouth of the Chippewa River
downstream to the nouth of the Ohio River may need to be studied in detail.
The reconnaissance surveys should cover this entire stretch ©f the river in
order to locate sampling stations.
Detailed Studies
The Detailed Studies will include the intensive sampling and hydraulic
measurements necessary to determine the present water quality in each of the
15 subbasins (exclusive of the Illinois River Basin) within the Upper Miss-
issippi River Basin. The number of samples to be collected at each station
will be determined after the preliminary and reconnaissance surveys have been
completed.
-------
Sampling Program
It is recommended that a systems analysis approach be used for determining
both the present and future water quality conditions in each of the stream
stretches. Field activities will provide for the actual collection of the
routine and special samples. This entails the scheduling of sample collection
in each stream stretch for a period of at least one year. In addition, monitor-
ing equipment should be installed at selected locations in order to obtain a
continous record of dissolved oxygen concentrations during the spring, summer
and fall months. The methods of collecting and handling samples is discussed
in Chapter VI "Laboratory Program."
Hydraulic Measurements
The Corps of Engineers is responsible for the collecting of data on stream
flows within the Upper Mississippi River Basin for the Type I Study and should
have available in its files certain of tne flow data needs required during the
field investigations. However, it may be necessary to collect additional
information on daily stream flows from the USGS. It may also be necessary to
establish gaging stations and measure flows during the periods of sampling in
stream stretches on which gaging stations are not presently located.
Processing of Data
Computers will be used in the processing of both the inventory and water
quality data collected in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. This type of
information- should be submitted to the Basic Data Branch in Cincinnati, Ohio
for computer processing. It may be necessary to contract with a local firm
for analyzing data and making computations required for the systems analysis.
Use of Basic Data Branch Facilities
A considerable portion of the inventory data is already available for
-------
processing by the Basic Data Branch. The additional inventory data collected
in the field should be submitted to this branch of the service in order that
it can be included with the data now stored.
It will be necessary to develop a River Mileage Index for the entire
basin in order to make full use of the Basic Data Branch "STORET" system.
This "STORET" system will make possible the storage of information from any
source on analytical test results, or waste inputs at any specific location.
In the development of the River Mileage Index and coding for the "STORET"
system, special maps will be required. These maps will be purchased by the
Project through the Basic Data Branch. Since most of the States in the Upper
Mississippi River Basin have already developed mileages locating treatment
plant effluent outlets and mouths of tributary streams, the mileages determined
by the Project should be made to conform with those now in use by various
Federal and State agencies.
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VI - LABORATORY PROGRAM
Central Laboratory
The existing laboratory facilities of the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins
•s •**
Project located in Chicago, Illinois will be used to the fullest extent
possible in connection with the laboratory program. A laboratory staff of
the size required to conduct the necessary tests in the central laboratory will
be budgeted for under the Upper Mississippi River Basin Project. However,
the hiring and assignment of the staff should be under the direction of GLIRBP.
If possible, the necessary laboratory tests on samples should be conducted
by GLIRBP on a reimbursable basis.
Field Station Laboratory
Space will be provided in each of the field stations for laboratory
facilities. These stations will be located in the vicinities of Minneapolis-
St. Paul, Minnesota; Rock Island, Illinois and St. Louis, Missouri. Each
station will be operated for a period of one year. The laboratory program
is based upon the use of existing facilities located in the Twin-Cities Upper
Mississippi River Project Laboratory.
It is recommended that a contract agreement be made with the State of
Illinois Department of Health Laboratory located at Rock Island, Illinois for
office and laboratory space and assistance in conducting the laboratory
analyses in this area. The contract with the Illinois State Department of
Health should be made on the basis of using office and laboratory facilities
at Rock Island until such time as additional facilities can be released by
the Twin-Cities Laboratory. The contract should also include a provision for
use of the State Department of Health facilities following completion of the
detailed sampling in order to provde for the shipment of a portion of the
equipment to St. Louis in sufficient time to start the detailed sampling in
that area on schedule.
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Laboratory Program
The laboratory program for the Upper Mississippi River Basin will consist
of a detailed study of the water quality conditions in the various stretches
of the main stem of the Upper Mississippi and its tributaries exclusive of the
Illinois and Missouri River Drainage Basis and the area covered by the
Twin-Cities Upper Mississippi Project. In each of these stream stretches
emphasis will be directed to those water quality parameters showing greatest
promise in differentiation of water quality. Since a systems anlaysis approach
will be used in determining the present and future water quality in each of
the stream stretches, the samples collected and tests made should be sufficiently
repetitive to indicate variations throughout the year.
Biological Investigations
Biological investigations in the Upper Mississippi River Basin will be
undertaken with three objectives: (l) to evaluate the general biological con-
ditions of streams and lakes; (2) to provide the biological information re-
quired for explanation and interpretation of routine chemical, bacterial, and
physical data and (3) to guide the development of water pollution control
measures that will promote desirable, and inhibit undesirable, aquatic life.
Samples of benthic fauna, attached algae, and phytoplankton will be
collected at stations selected to coincide with stations where chemical, phy-
sical and bacteriological measurements will be made,
A minimum program will involve seasonal studies of the biological para-
meters as outlined below:
Parameters Frequency Collected by Analyzed by
Phytoplankton Bi-weekly in streams and Field station
lakes Aquatic samplers . laboratory
Benthic fauna May, August, October Biologist Field station
laboratory
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Parameters Frequency Collected toy Analyzed by
Attached algae May, August, October Biologist Field station
laboratory
Rooted weeds July or August Biologist Field station
laboratory
The field station-based biologist will be responsible for the investigations
in both the main stem of the Mississippi River and tributaries.
In the tributary streams and lakes sampling by the biologist vill be made
independently of chemical and bacteriological sampling. In the mala stem of
the Mississippi River, however, it will be necessary to complete his studies
during the routine boat operations on the Mississippi River.
Biological studies will be scheduled so that the biologist spends a
portion of his time in the laboratory in the identification and evaluation of
materials collected in the field.
In the Meramec River and tributaries in Missouri, the Cedar River in Iowa
and the 11 subdrainage basins studied in the State of Wisconsin, the biological
investigations should be undertaken only to supplement the studies completed
by the States since 1960. A review of the biological studies conducted by the
States in connection with their recent water quality surveys la these areas
should be made prior to repeating such studies in the various stream stretches.
Chemical Tests
The preliminary and reconnaissance surveys will be used to locate sampling
stations and establish the basis for the frequency of sampling and analysis
of the various parameters. Chemical tests will be QMkf^both in the field lab-
oratory and the central laboratory. All samples collected will be delivered
to the field laboratory. Those which are to be analyzed in the field labor-
atory will remain there. The .reni&fader of the samples will be sent to the
central laboratory in Chicago* A suggested outline segregating the anlaytical
-------
tests to be performed at the field laboratory and at the central laboratory
into various groups based on the need for repeating determinations for each
parameter under study follows.
Field Laboratory Outline
Tests to be run
PH
Specific Conductivity
DO
Alkalinity
Chloride
BOD
COD
Solids
(a) Dissolved
(b) Suspended
Cyanide
Phenols
Turbidity
Central Laboratory Outline
Tests to be run
1. Selected samples (composites)
Solids (dissolved, suspended)
Gross Minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg,
Si, SC4, CL, Alk, F.)
2. Selected stations
a. All samples
Frequency of test
All samples collected
All samples collected
All samples collected
All samples collected
All samples collected
All samples collected
All samples collected
All samples collected
All samples collected
All samples collected
Special samples, waste
Each sample at selected stations
Each sample at selected stations
Frequency of test
As composited
As composited
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-1*9-
Tests to be run
CCE
ABS
b. Selected samples
Nitrogen
(KH3, igeldahl, NQg, N03)
Phosphate
c. Selected samples (composites)
from selected stations
Toxic Metals
(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ad, Se)
Trace Element -
Spectrographic
(Ag, Ba, Fe, Ma, Etc.)
Frequency of test
Special samples
Each sample collected
of all selected stations
of all selected stations
Samples collected
gross minerals and waste out-
falls and further composited
Samples collected
gross minerals and waste
outfalls and further composited.
Microbiological Investigations
Investigations will be made t© determine the sanitary quality of waters
in various lakes and streams. The tests conducted will provide Information as
to points of influx of domestic sewage and the wastes of certain industries.
The tests listed as follows will be the chief items comprising the micro-
biological survey of streams and lakes.
Conform Tests
1. Total coliform via membrane filter (all samples).
2. Coliform differentiation on selected samples by elevated temperature test
(gas production from lactose, at Mt.5 - ^5.00° in 2k hours).
3. The coliform parameter provides information pertinent to the quality of
water and will be one of the most important of the bacteriological tests
-------
ia a survey of this nature.
U. Differentiation of the coliform encountered oa selected samples via the
elevated temperature test will contribute valuable additional information,
particularly in the comparison of coliform of fecal origin only.
Fecal Streptococcus Tests
1. Total fecal streptococci via membrane filter using K.F. Agar Plates. -
Selected samples as indicated by reconnaissance studies.
2. Streptococcus differentiation on selected samples via special fermentation
and metabolic tests.
3. The membrane filter method of choice here reveals the presence of all the
members of the enterococcus group consisting of Streptococcus faecalis,
S. faecalis variety zymogenes, S. faecalis var. liquefaciens, and S. durans;
and also other fecal streptococci originating from humans, fowl, cows,
sheep, horses (S. Salivarius, S. Bovius, S. Equinus, and biotype strains
associated with each of the major species.) However, to differentiate
which of these groups contribute to a given membrane filter colony count,
further physiological and metabolic tests are required. These latter
tests involve from 2 to 10 steps, including tube tests and microscopical
strains. The extent of these tests for each individual colony selected
would necessarily limit their application to selected samples and the
objective . uses of the data.
Total Plate Counts
Total Plate Counts - All stream and lake samples. Procedures will be
membrane filter or special pour plates.
1. 20°c.
2. 35 °c.
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3. With further special bacteriological identification tests OB selected samples.
U. When collecting data in a survey of streams and lakes, coliform and fecal
streptococcus statistics give only partial information on general water
quality. Total plate counts with parallel tests conducted at 20° C and
35° C in conjunction with the tests for fecal indicators provide a more
complete bacteriological estimate of water quality. The flora from
selected total counts will be identified so that the distribution and
occurrence of bacterial species throughout the waters studied may be
ascertained.
Pathogenic Detection
1. Enteroviruses
2. Salmonella
3. Tuberculosis
U. Other selected tests
5. In addition to using the indicator organism to determine bacteriological
water quality, a study will be undertaken to determine the presence of
pathogenic forms likely to be water-borne.
6. Each of these areas of pathogenic investigations are so specialized that
special provisions must be made to accommodate those areas of activities.
Either samples could be submitted to centers devoted to each of these
lines of investigation (viral, enteric, tuberculosis, and parasitological)
or appropriate specialists should be contracted for a short term (such as
academic personnel or summer leave).
Field Procedures
1. Field procedures win be covered by the necessity related to the proper
collection and subsequent processing of microbiological samples.
2. Samples are to be collected in the .same stations where chemical, physical
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and biological tests are to be made.
3. The schedules established for sampling should be sufficiently repetitive
to indicate seasonal variations throughout the year.
k. All samples collected during hot weather will be iced and those collected
at other times will be transported to the laboratory prior to completion
of the day's sampling activities. A maximum of U-6 hours between the
time of collection and delivery of the samples to the field laboratory
should be maintained. This may require the use of air transport
facilities in some of the subbasins.
Laboratory Procedures
All basic water bacteriology procedures will be conducted with strict
adherence to (the current edition) Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastevater, or with procedures as set forth by the Microbiology
Department of Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Radiochemistry
All samples collected for radioactivity studies will be forwarded to the
central laboratory in Chicago for analysis. Stream samples will be collected
at the same locations where chemical, physical, and biological tests are to
be made. Special samples will be collected when high results are encountered
from routine samples. Sewage treatment plant and waste outfalls will be
.sampled, particularly where known radioisotopes users are involved.
Special biological samples will also be collected for radioactivity
determinations.
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-5*-
VI? - ENGINEERING ANALYSES
Preliminary Phase Studies
The Preliminary Phase studies vill be conducted during FYs 1966-67 in
order to provide preliminary estimates for the Type I Upper Mississippi River
Comprehensive Basin Study (UMRCBS) sponsored by the Corps of Engineers. The
preliminary estimates vill be based on the basic data collected from the
States and other Federal agencies and information that is included in pub-
lished reports.
Headquarters for the staff assigned to making the preliminary engineering
analysis vill be located in the Regional Water Supply and Pollution Control
Office during FT 1966, and in the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basin Project
Central Office in Chicago, Illinois, during FY 196?• The engineering analyses
conducted during the Preliminary Phase studies vill include (l) data projec-
tions that supply preliminary estimates of the municipal and manufacturing
industry vater supply needs and the various types of water-borne wastes,
(2) hydrologic studies for determining stream flows in various stretches of
the Mississippi River and tributaries, (3) the making of an analysis of flow
regulation requirements for water quality control, (U) the making of pre-
liminary estimates of the municipal and manufacturing industry water supply
needs and (5) the preparation of a preliminary report including planning sub-'
area and summarized needs for the Upper Mississippi River Basin.
Preliminary Data Projections
The Economic Base Study completed by the National Planning Association
for the UMRCBS will be in sufficient detail to permit the projection of the
*
municipal && manufacturing industry water needs and various water-borne wastes
by planning subareas (subbasins)o However, it will not be in sufficient
detail to permit making these projections for drainages of smaller size than
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•55-
the planning subareas. Data projections will be made for all planning
subareas, excepting the Illinois River Basin. In the Illinois River Basin,
information required for the UMRCBS Report will be obtained from the GLIRBP
study report.
Preliminary Hydrologic Studies
The Corps of Engineers will supply low flow frequency graphs of annual
mean stream flows for representative gaging stations in each of the planning
subareas and will furnish the inflow data from tributaries into the main
river stretch»«*where needed. The Corps of Engineers will also supply a
tabulation representing the ratio of medium monthly flow to annual mean flow
in each planning subarea.
».
The stream flow data needed in connection with the analysis of stream
flow regulation requirements will be determined for one or more stream
stretch in each planning subarea which includes the major sources of pollution.
Analysis of Flow Regulation Requirements for Water Quality Control
The analysis of flow regulation requirements for quality control will be
made only in those planning subareas where Comprehensive Program or Water
Supply and Water Quality Control studies have not previously been made by the
Public Health Service. It is believed that sufficient information will be
available from the Meramec River, Des Moines River, and Big Muddy River
Subbasin Reports and the Headwaters Subbasin report to make the projected
needs for municipal and industrial water supply and quality control water.
The Comprehensive Program report for the Illinois River Basin will be used
»
in connection with the projected requirements for this planning subarea. In
I
the other eleven planning subareas, it will be necessary to make preliminary
estimates of water quality control storage needs.
At the present time it appears that the best means of making the pre-
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liminary estimates of storage needs for quality control water is by using the
procedure entitled "Hydrologic Aspects of Analysis of Flow Regulation Require-
ments for Quality Control" as contained in the Headquarters Memorandum dated
March 31, 196!*-.
Preliminary Estimates of the Needs for
Municipal and Manufacturing Industry Water Supplies
In the UMRCBS the Corps of Engineers is responsible for determining
surface water availability and the U.S. Geological Survey is responsible for
determining ground water availability in each of the planning subareas. This
information will be made available prior to the preliminary estimates to be
made of the needs for the municipal and manufacturing industry water supplies.
The projected water supply needs for these uses, together with the data on
availability, will be used as a basis for the analysis that will be required
prior to estimating the needs. These estimates should be made for all sub-
basins (exclusive of the Illinois River).
Report Preparation
A preliminary report will be prepared based on the engineering analyses.
This report should be completed in accordance with the outline Exhibit No. %S
and should include separate data for planning subareas and summarized data
for the entire basin. Upon completion, the report will be included as
Appendix H to the UMRCBS Report.
Detailed Studies
The Detailed studies will be conducted during fiscal years 1968-72.
The engineering analysis will include: (i) identification of sources of waste
input to streams and lakes, (2) the effectiveness of waste collection and
treatment measures and land use practices, (3) hydrologic studies to determine
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the stream flows available at specific locations within stream stretches,
(U) a systems analysis of various stretches of the Mississippi River and
tributaries, (5) a determination of the requirements for meeting additional
water supply needs and maintaining adequate water quality and (6) the form-
ulation of a plan to meet the objectives of the program including the
establishment of a timetable for accomplishment.
Final Data Projection
It will be necessary to make a breakdown of the population estimates and
data on the water-using industries of the manufacturing groups included in the
Economic Base Study into the stream stretches that will be used in the systems
analysis. The economic and demographic study will have been completed by the
National Planning Association for the UMRCBS Type I Report. Since the infor-
mation included in the Economic Base Study is being developed first by economic
sub regions and broken down into planning subareas, the further breakdown to
be made by the Public Health Service should be based on range values that can
be obtained from the Corps of Engineers.
Most of the other Federal agencies that have cooperated in the UMRCBS
Type I Report will have projected water supply needs by planning subareasi
This information should also be broken down into the various stream stretch
areas. These other Federal agencies will supply the data or suggest means
of breaking it down into smaller areas. The data projections for each stream
stretch should include the following;
1. Water uses
a. Municipal and industrial water supply
b. Other water uses
2. Waste loading
a. Municipal and industrial
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b. Recreation
c. Agricultural
d. Steam electric generating station return flows
Evaluation of Data
Hydrologic studies and programming for the systems analysis will be a
responsibility of the Engineering Evaluation Branch. Arrangements for
analyzing the data and performing the computational work also will be a
responsibility of the Engineering and Evaluations Branch.
*
Hydrologic Studies
The UMRCBS Report will include loi figw frejauensy graphs of the annual
meari •stream flows for representative gaging stations in each of the planning
subareas and the time of flow between selected points for various ranges
of flow. The Corps of Engineers will also supply data on the inflow from
tributaries in order to permit the development of stream flow data under
various recurrence probabilities for each section of the stream stretch.
The Hydrologic studies will require a determination of the stream flow
data for each section within the stream stretch to be analyzed. Information
available in the UMRCBS Report, USGS publication and additional data to be
obtained from the USGS and Corps of Engineers will be needed to complete these
studies.
Systems Analysis
The systems analysis recommended for use in the Upper Mississippi River
Basin should be similar to that used by Dr. Robert V. Thomann in the study of
the Delaware River Estuary. In view of the type of analysis and budgetary
i
constraints, each stream stretch will be sampled throughout a period of at
least one year. The input data used in connection with future estimates will
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•59-
be based on various stream flows, estimated future waste loads and other
factors derived from the waste studies and sampling analyses.
Engineering
Information will be included in the UMRCBS Type I Study Report in-
dicating the availability of surface and ground water resources ia each sub-
basin. Information is also available in the project files or can be
gathered from the State Water Resource Agency files and U.S. Geological
Survey publications which will permit a breakdown of the water resource data
into stream stretch areas and smaller areas where necessary. On the basis
of the information available through these sources and the projections made
of future water needs for the various beneficial uses, estimates can be made
of the future dates when the capacity of ground water aquifers will be
exceeded and additional surface storage will be required.
Using the information prepared by the technical committees on beneficial
water uses and water quality objectives or goals as a basis, the engineering
analysis will be concerned with an evaluation of the data in order to determine
the amounts of various chemicals^ pollutants and/or source that must be
eliminated from lakes and streams in order to improve and/or preserve the
quality of surface and ground waters. Furthermore, it will be concerned with
obtaining the least cost solution to the problem subject to social, political
and economical constraint.
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EXHIBIT NO. 5
OUTLINE OF THE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE APPENDIX H
WATER SUPPLY AND QUALITY CONTROL '
TO THE
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMPREHENSIVE BASIN STUDY
I. Introduction
A. Authority
B. Purpose and Scope
C. Acknowledgements
II. Summary and study results
A. Summary (to include a briefing of the information included in
Chapters I, II, and ID of Part II)
B. Study results (UMRB totals only)
1. Preliminary estimates of water supply needs to the year 2030
a. Municipal and industrial
b. Steam electric generating stations
2. Preliminary estimates of water needs for water pollution
control to year 2020
3. Discussion
a. Existing and future use of available ground water resources
b. Existing and future use of available surface water resources
c. Alternate methods of providing additional water supply needs
d. Alternate methods of providing water pollution control
PART II - UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN WATER NEEDS
I. Description of Upper Mississippi River Basin Area
A. General description and location
B. Physical features and adequacy of water resources to supply existing
demands for municiapl and industrial water and for water pollution
control
C. Climate
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5-2
D. Major metropolitan areas and types ©f industries
II. General economics and population
A. Upper Mississippi River Basin
B. Upper Mississippi River Subbasins
III. Federal, State and local control of water supplies and water pollution
A. Summary of Federal laws
1. Federal Water Pollution Control Act
a. Comprehensive Program Studies
b. Construction Grants Program
(l) Regular projects
(2) Accelerated Public Works Projects
c. Enforcement Program
d. Federal Installations Program
e. Research Program
2. Oil Pollution Act
3. Community Facilities Administration of HHFA
B. Summary of State laws and enforcement
1. Public water supplies
2. Water pollution control
3. Agreements between States
C. Summary of local laws
IV. Upper Mississippi River Basin Comprehensive Water Pollution Control Studies
A. Collection of data
1. Use of existing data
2. Additional studies underway
B. Preliminary estimates of water uses (summary by subbasins)
1. Municipal water supply
a. Present
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5-3
(1) Quantity requirements
(2) Quality requirements (discussion of drinking water
standards)
b. Future
(1) Method used for developing preliminary estimates of
future needs
(2) Quantity requirements
2, Industrial water supply
a. Present
(l) Quantity requirements
(2) Quality requirements
b. Future
(1) Method used for developing preliminary estimates of
future needs
(2) Quantity requirements
3. Steam electric generating stations
a. Present
(1) Quantity requirements
(2) Quality requirements
b. Future
(1) Method used for developing preliminary estimates of
future needs
(2) Quantity requirements
C. Waste discharges (summary by subbasins)
1. Types and amounts of wastes discharged into water courses
a. Present
(1) Municipal sewage
(2) Industrial wastes
(3) Wastes from agricultural lands
(k) Steam electric generating stations return flow
-------
(5) Other
b. Future
(l) Municipal sewage
(2) Industrial wastes
(3) Wastes from agricultural lands
(4) Steam electric generating stations return flow
(5) Other
2. Effects of present waste discharges on water quality
a. Ground water
b. Surface water
D. Discussion (summary by subbasins)
1. Existing and future use of available ground water resources
2. Existing and future use of available surface water resources
E. Recommendations for field investigations and research on water supplies
and water pollution control
F. Need for Comprehensive W»ter pollution Control Program,
1. Objectives
2. Proposed study schedule
PART III - UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SUBBASIN WATER MEEDS
1. Mississippi River Headwaters Basin
2. Chippewa and Black River Basin
3. Wisconsin River Basin
4. Rock River Basin
5. Illinois River Basin
6. Kaskaskia River Basin
7. Big Muddy River Basin
8. Meraraec River Basin
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5-5
9. Salt River Basin
10. Fox, Wyaconda, Fabius River Basins
11. Des Moines River Basin
12. Skunk River Basin
13. Iowa-Cedar Rivers Basin-
lU. Turkey, Maquoketa, Wapsipinicon and Upper Iowa Rivers Basin
15. Cannon, Zumbro, Roet Rivers Basin
16. Minnesota River Basin
Note: For each of the subbasins a report will be prepared using the follow-
ing outline:
I. Description of study area
A. Location
B. Physical features including streams, topography, etc.
C. Climate
D. Economy and population (from Economic Base Study)
1. Entire basin
2. Present
a. Municipal population
b. Industrial
3. Projected to year 2020
a. Municipal population
b. Industrial
II. Water resources
A. Water quantity
1. Ground water
a. Areal extent of aquifers
b. Depth
c. Safe yield in acre feet per year
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5-6
2. Surface water
a. Runoff—-acre feet per year
b. Maximum, minimum, mean flows at specific locations on
major streams
B. Gross estimates of water quality
1. Ground water
a. Chemical
b. Bacteriological
2. Surface water
a. Physical and chemical
b. Bacteriological
c. Biological
3. Water quality objectives
III. Existing data om water supplies
A. Municipal
1. Number of systems and water msed
2. Per capita water consumption (average day - maximum day)
3. Source of supply
a. Ground water
b. Surface water
B. Industrial
1. Major water using industries
2. Water used
3. Source of supply
a. Ground water
b. Surface water
C. Steam electric generating stations
1. Number aad capacity of facilities
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5-7
2. Water used
3. Source of supply
a. Ground water
b. Surface water
D. Other (refex&.ese to water uses included in other parts of
UMRCBS Report)
IV. Discussion of additional, water needs (present deficiencies)
A. Municipal
B. Industrial
C. Steam electric generating stations
V. Preliminary estimates oi' water needs to year 202U1
A. Municipal
B. Industrial
G. Etessi elestric generating stations
IS. Discussion
VI. Existing data on present "waste loads and water pollution control
A. Existing wastes and control measures
1. Sewage asiot vaste treatment
2. Agricultural lana soil losses and conservation practices
3- electric generating stations return flows
4c Other
fi. l-jffecte» OB water q^
¥Ita eristic a; degree ©f iffunicipal and industrial waste
trea tanas t provided
and industrial waste treatment
3<> Other
VII. Preliminary estimates of future wa§te loads
1. Municipal sewage
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5-8
2. Industrial wastes
3. Wastes from agricultural lands '
k. Steam electric generating stations return flows
5. Other
VIII. Preliminary estimates of additional water required at present for
pollution control
IX. Preliminary estimates of water needs for pollution control to year 2020
X. Method for providing additional municipal and industrial water supply
seeds
A. Recharging ground water aquifers
B. Treatment and additional use of ground waters
C. New storage reservoirs
D. Reuse and water management practices
XI. Methods for providing water pollution control
A. Treatment of municipal sewage and industrial wastes
B. Recirculatioa of cooling waters
C. Changes in land use practices
D. Storage for stream flow regulation
XII. Vector control
XIII. Bibliography
MAPS, TABLES, CHARTS, GRAPHS
1. Map of Suebasin
2. Typical Stream Hydrographs
3. Public Water Supplies
k. Industrial Water Supplies
5. Sources of Municipal and Industrial Pollution
6. Pollution from Agricultural Lands
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VIII - PLAN FORMULATION
A water pollution control plan for the Upper Mississippi River Basin
will include a determination of (l) the needs for water to satisfy all bene-
ficial uses and the methods of supplying such seeds and (2) the future water
pollution control needs in order t© accommodate the water quality objectives
or goals. The engineering analysis should supply the basis for such deter-
minations .
Water Supply Reeds
The Corps of Engineers and Department of Agriculture will supply infor-
mation on potential reservoir sites, and^ if possible, the plan should include
recommendations of site selections to meet storage requirements. Every effort
should be made in formulating a plan for a specific area to avoid the neces-
sity for restudy following authorizations for the Corps of Engineers and
Department of Agriculture to study specific reservoir aites.
Water Pollution Control Needs
Research t© improve the methodology of sewage and waste treatment, the
handling of storm water overflows from combined sewers, and the manufacturing
of chemicals-may be a required recommendation in areas where it is found to be
necessary to reduce waste loads beyond the limits obtainable through presently
known practices.
la specific stream stretches where,, from the engineering analyses, it is
indicated that additional stream flow regulation will be needed, recommendations
should be made indicating the possible reservoir locations sites where water
for this purpose cotdrj^ be stored. The Corps of Engineers and Department of
Agriculture will furnish potential reservoir site locations where water for
stream flow regulation may be available.
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The plan should also include the measures needed to (l) improve the
collection of wastes and exclusion at source, (2) improvements in treatment
of municipal and industrial, recreational area and other related wastes,
and (3) means of controlling the temperature of cooling water return flows
in various stream stretches.
In certain lakes and streams it may be found necessary to reduce the
amounts of nutrients and/or t^xic substances now entering the streams through
runoff from agricultural lands. By working closely with the Soil Conservation
Service, it is believed that recommendations will be welcomed and the necessary
reductions may be obtained.
Estimating Costs and Benefits
In arriving at facilities and measures needed to provide the water pol-
lution control requirements, a least cost solution to the problem will be
obtained, subject to social, political and economical constraints. The solution
will be obtained through the use of linear programming in conjunction with the
systems analysis approach.
Estimates of cost for providing the facilities required to satisfy the
future municipal and industrial water supply meeds will also be made.
Benefits should be determined for both the water supply and water quality
control facilities recommended.
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IX - STAFFING REQUIREMENTS AND MANAGEMENT
Investigations Organization
Exhibit No. 6 is a typical organization chart indicating the functional
responsibilities of the three main branches that will be used for conducting
the Comprehensive Studies. These branches are entitled Field Investigation
Central Laboratory and Engineering Evaluations. During the period scheduled
for the Preliminary Phase Studies, most of the activities will be assigned to
the Engineering Evaluations Branch. This will be necessary in order to
complete the Preliminary Phase Studies and make preliminary estimates of the
needs for municipal and industrial water supply and storage needs for quality
control water during FY 1967.
Exhibit No. 7 shows the total estimated personnel requirements of each
of the branches during fiscal years 1966-1972. These estimates are shown
separately for those to be employed at Headquarters and Field Stations.
Exhibit No. 11 (included in the Study Plan Supplement) includes details of
the budget estimates by fiscal years 1966-1972 that show the grade and title
of each position, planned EOD date, and annual salary expense for each
position. The annual salary expense includes only the amounts required to
support the employee in each position from the date of his EOD until the end
of the fiscal year exclusive of personnel benefits.
Sample job descriptions are available in the Project Office files for a
number of the key positions. It is -als® understood that the personnel office
in Washington, B.C., is now undertaking the preparation of job descriptions
for similar type positions for use in the projects. Should this information
be available by the date it is needed, the work of the project staff in pre-
paring the necessary job descriptions will be simplified.
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-63-
Headquarters Location and Space Requirements
Based on the information included in Exhibit No. 7 for personnel require-
ments in the headquarters and field stations, it is estimated that the following
space requirements will be needed:
Fiscal Years
Headquarters
No. Personnel
Sq. Ft. Space I/
Field Station
No. Personnel
Sq. Ft. Space 2/
1966
8
900
0
0
1967
19
3800
0
0
1968_3/
16
3200
Ik
5000
1969
16
3200
Ik
5000
1970
16
3200
Ik
5000
1971
16
3200
Ik
5000
1972
Ik
2800
0
0
1 / Exclusive of laboratory space
2 / Including laboratory space
3_y After 3/1/68
Since the work of a number of the staff will be in the field during a major
part of the time, the allocation of space to these individuals and the furniture
requirements are not estimated at the same level as those for the staff that
will be located in offices during a major portion of the time.
The Headquarters for the preliminary phase studies will remain in the
Regional Office at 1*33 West Van Buren Street during FY 1966. Early in FY 1967,
the headquarters will be noved to 1819 West Pershing Road, Chicago, Illinois,
the headquarters of the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project. The space
requirements for field stations should be provided for at the time these
stations are established or contracts are made for field laboratory services.
"Pert" Guide Charts
Exhibits 8 and 9 are "Pert" guide charts for the preliminary phase and
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-6U-
detailed studies. A separate "Pert" chart is included for each phase of the
studies beginning January k, 1965 and ending June 30, 1972. Beyond the
Preliminary Phase studies only the TE and TL for each activity is included.
This will allow for starting the Detailed Phase studies at an earlier or
later date than presently scheduled. All of the activities necessary ta comp-
lete the Preliminary Phase studies are covered in the activities planned for
the Eagiilfc'ei'ing Evaluation Branch. The preliminary and reconnaissance survey
activities planned for Field Investigations and Central Laboratory Branches
are planned to start March 6, 1967. The activities planned for the Engineering
Evaluations Branch during fiscal years 1966-67 must be completed to comply
with the ^Public Health Service commitments for participation in the UMRCBS
Type I Report.
Proposed Work Schedule
Schedules should be prepared for each activity included in the "Pert"
chart. These schedules should indicate the date when each activity will be
started and completed. Eacn of the branches will be responsible for preparation
of the schedules for tne activities of the branch. The schedules should
conform with the time requirements included in the "Pert" charts as to the
start and completion dates for various activities. Should it be necessary to
extend the date for completion of an operation beyond the scheduled completion
date included in the "Pert" chart, the Deputy Project Director should be not-
ified in order that the necessary revision can be made in the "Pert" chart
and considerations can be given to such a cnange in relation to the final
completion dates assigned to the Preliminary and Detailed Phase Studies.
Exhibit No. 10 is a bar chart indicating the duration of major operations
necessary to complete the Comprehensive Water Pollution Control Studies.
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-65-
Project Budget
Following is a summary by fiscal years of the estimated expenditures for
completion of the Planning Phase, Preliminary Phase and Detailed Phase Studies,
Planning Phase Preliminary Phase Detailed Studies
FY 19&* $19,775 FY 1965 $16,500 FY 1967 $1*9,000
FY 1965 13,725 FY 1966 60,000 FY 1968 310,000
TOTAL $33,500 FY 1967 ll*U, OOP FY 1969 1*13,000
TOTAL $220,500 FY 1970 1*20,000
FY 1971 31*7,000
FY 1972 206,000
TOTAL $1,71*6,000
GRAND TOTAL $2,000,000
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