&EPA
             United States
             Environmental Protection
             Agency
             Environmental Sciences Research
             Laboratory
             Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-600 4-79-001
January 1979
             Research and Development
Regional Air
Pollution Study

Lambert Field
Graphical  Weather
Summary

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                RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES

Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology.  Elimination of traditional grouping  was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are-

      1.  Environmental  Health Effects Research
      2.  Environmental  Protection Technology
      3.  Ecological Research
      4.  Environmental  Monitoring
      5.  Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
      6.  Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
      7.  Interagency  Energy-Environment Research and  Development
      8.  "Special" Reports
      9  Miscellaneous Reports

This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING series.
This series describes research conducted to develop new  or improved methods
and  instrumentation for the identification and quantification of environmental
pollutants at the lowest conceivably significant concentrations.  It also includes
studies to determine the ambient concentrations of pollutants in the environment
and/or the variance of pollutants as a function of time or meteorological factors.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia  22161.

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                                            EPA-600/4-79-001
                                            January 1979
        REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
   Lambert Field Graphical Weather Summary
                     by
              Robert B. Jurgens
 Atmospheric Modeling and Assessment Branch
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711

                     and

              William T. Smith
       Potomac Research, Incorporation
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
    OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA  27711

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                               DISCLAIMER
     This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Sciences
Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  and approved
for publication.  Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
                                   ii

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                                ABSTRACT
     Three-hour meteorological observations from Lambert Field, St. Louis,
Missouri are presented in graphical format for the three-year period
July 1974 to June 1977.
                                  111

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                INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF GRAPHS
     A graphical summary of National Weather Service (NWS) 3-hour
weather observations from Lambert Field Airport, St. Louis, Missouri has
been prepared for use by individuals involved in the analysis and application
of Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data.  It is intended as a reference
for selecting study periods with specific weather conditions or for
determining weather conditions that existed during periods under investigation.
The summary covers the data collection phase of RAPS from July 1974
through June 1977.

     Lambert Field is located about 10 miles north west from downtown
St. Louis at 38° 45' N, 90° 23' W, and 535 feet above sea level.

     All graphs are presented on a monthly basis.  The ten weather
observations that are plotted are listed below.  The Federal Meteorological
Handbook Number 1, Surface Observations, contains detailed descriptions
and NWS recording procedures for these parameters.

     o    Wind Speed (meters/second).  The wind speed (WS) was given in
          whole knots and converted to meters/second by using the
          relation,  WS in meters/second = .514097 x WS in knots.

     o    Wind Direction (degrees).  The wind direction is expressed as
          the direction from which the wind blows, indicated to the
          nearest whole tens of degrees from true North (e.g. 90 for
          East, 180 for South, and 270 for West).  A reading of 0 degrees
          indicates calm.

     o    Relative Humidity (percent).  Relative humidity is the percent
          of water vapor in the air relative to the amount that would be
          present at saturation at the current dry bulb temperature.

     o    Dry Bulb Temperature (degrees Celsius) .  The temperature was
          given in whole degrees Farenheit and converted to Celsius by
          using the relation, C = 5/9 x (F-32)

     o    Sea Level Pressure (millibars).  The local barometer readings
          were reduced to sea level pressure according to standard NWS
          practice.  One millibar = 10  dynes/cm  .

     o    Visibility (miles).  Reported values are "prevailing" visibility,
          which is the greatest visibility attained or exceeded throughout
          at least half the horizon circle.

                                  1

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     o    Total Sky Cover (percent).   Total sky cover  is  the amount  of
          sky covered by clouds at all levels.   It  is  visually  estimated
          to the nearest whole ten percent.

     o    Ceiling Height (feet).   Ceiling height is the height  of  the
          lowest layer of clouds  or obscuring phenomena when that  layer
          is reported as broken,  overcast or obscuration.   Ceiling was
          recorded in hundreds of feet above ground to nearest  100 feet
          up to 5000 feet, to nearest 500 feet up to 10,000 feet,  and to
          nearest 1000 feet above that.

          The letter "U" on the graphs indicates an unlimited ceiling.

     o    Precipitation (water equivalent inches).   Precipitation
          is given on a daily basis.   The letter "T" on the graph  in-
          dicates that a trace or immeasurable amount  of  precipitation
          was recorded.

     o    Weather and/or Obstruction to Vision.  This  observation  is
          defined by the codes, listed below, broken down into  8 groups.
          On the graph,  the symbols for each group  appear on one line at
          the left edge of the graph.  Each number  which  falls  along
          that line indicates which symbol was recorded based on its
          position within the group,  counting from left to right.  The
          groups are as follows:

               T = Thunderstorm,  TOR = Tornado, Q = Squall
               R = Rain, RW = Rainshowers, ZR = Freezing  rain
               L = Drizzle, ZL = Freezing drizzle
               S = Snow, SP = Snow pellets, 1C = Ice crystals
               SW = Snow showers, SG = Snow grains
               IP = Ice pellets,  A = Hail, AP = Small  hail
               F = Fog, GF = Ground fog, BD = Blowing  dust, BN  = Blowing sand
               H = Haze, K = Smoke, KH = Smoke and haze,  BS = Blowing snow

     Occasionally, there will be precipitation during  a day but no
corresponding weather symbols.  See October 4-5, 1974, for example.
This can happen when the precipitation takes place between 3-hour  observations.
Observations represent instantaneous weather conditions taken just prior
to the hour.

     Data were supplied by the Environmental Data Service, National
Climatic Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Printed copies of this data may be found in the publication "Local
Climatic Data" (LCD) published by the U.S. Department of  Commerce.  The
LCD may be obtained by writing to:  Director, National Weather  Records
Center, Federal Building, Asheville, N.C.  28801.  Also available  from
the National Climatic Center are the regular hourly observations from
Lambert Field.  These data are available on magnetic tape.

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                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER    H.*.KH,D.«O
            F Lf .80.BN
              K.IIII.ZR
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   (IN.)
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   (Ml.)
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   (MB)
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 RELATIVE
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 DIRECTION
   (DEC )
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  (M/SI
                                                                1   '  '  '  25'  '  '  '  *30

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                        LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER    H««,g.«
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                                             AUGUST 1974

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                             LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T = TRACE
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  (FT.)
  SKY
COVER
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   (Ml.)
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   (MB)
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   (DEG.C)
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  (DEC )
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 (M/S)
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                                           I	1	1	1	1	1 * "I	1	1
                                                  SEPTEMBER 1974

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                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
  (IN.)
T=TRACE
CEILING
 (FT.)
  SKY
COVER
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   (Ml.)
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   (MB)
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 (M/S)
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                                                   .•    , V *•
                                            OCTOBER 1974

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                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
           H.K.IW.D.B3
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                                            NOVEMBER 1974

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                        LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
           H.K.HH-O.R3
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                                                 DECEMBER 1974

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                                              JANUARY 1975
                                              . 9

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                        LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
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                                      10

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                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
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                                              MARCH 1975
                                           11

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                        LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
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   (IN.)
T = TRACE
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  (FT.)
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COVER
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   (Ml.)
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   (MB)
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                                          12

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                           LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T = TRACE
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  (FT-'         10000 4
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   (Ml.)
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   (DEC.)
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  (M/S)
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                                                    MAY 1975
                                               13

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                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER    M.K.KN J r; 1
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  (M/S)
                       '  '  '  '5'  '  '   '  'iO'  '   '  '  "IS'
                                                JUNE 1975
                                            14

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                            LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
  = TRACE
CEILING
  (FT.)
  SKY
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   (Ml.)
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                                                15

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                          LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T=TRACE
CEILING
 (FT.)
  SKY
COVER
VISIBILITY
   (Ml.)
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   (MB)
TEMPERATURE
   (DEG.C)
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  (DEC.)
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                                              16

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                        LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WFATHFR
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   (IN.)
T=TRACE
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  (FT.)
  SKY
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   (Ml.)
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   (MB)
              1010 -
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   (DEC )
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  (M/S)
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                                       SEPTEMBER 1975
                                          17

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                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T = TRACE
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  (FT.)
  SKY
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   (Ml.)
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                                           OCTOBER 1975
                                            18

-------
                           LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER   Vd?HEo-J.5
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                                            NOVEMBER 1975
                                           19

-------
                           LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
  WEATHER
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    (IN.)
  T=TRACE
  CEILING
   (FT.)
   SKY
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 VISIBILITY
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                                             DECEMBER 1975
                                              20

-------
                        LAMBERT FIELD, ST.  LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
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                                      JANUARY 1976
                                          21

-------
                          LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T=TRACE
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  (FT.)
  SKY
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                                            FEBRUARY 1976
                                         22

-------
                           LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T=TRACE
CEILING
  (FT.)
  SKY
 COVER
 VISIBILITY
   (Ml.)
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                                              23

-------
                           LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
 WEATHER
  PRECIP.
   (IN.)
 T=TRACE
 CEILING
  (FT.)
  SKY
 COVER
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 PRESSURE
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                                             24

-------
                           LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER    H.K.HH.D w
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                                               25

-------
                           LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T=TRACE
 CEILING
  (FT.)
  SKY
 COVER
 VISIBILITY
   (Ml.)
 PRESSURE
    (MB)
 TEMPERATURE    30 -
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                                              26

-------
                            LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T = TRACE
CEILING
  (FT.)
  SKY
COVER
VISIBILITY
   (Ml.)
PRESSURE
   (MB)
TEMPERATURE
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 WIND
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                                                      JULY 1976
                                                27

-------
 WEATHER
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 T=TRACE
 CEILING
   (FT.)
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 PRESSURE
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   (DEG.C)        30  -|
                 20  H
RELATIVE
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  (DEC.)
                            LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
                               111   I      I        U UIU U   U        U  UUI UUUUUUU UIIUUUUIIUUI UIIUIUIIIUUUI
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                                                 AUGUST 1976
                                             28

-------
                           LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
              UNU KITED
             25000  4
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WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T=TRACE
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  (FT.)
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                                                        U    3  I 1UII   tt
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                                         SEPTEMBER 1976
                                              29

-------
                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T = TRACE
 CEILING
  (FT.)        10000 H
  SKY
 COVER
 VISIBILITY
   (Ml.)
                                                               uuuiii      uuuiuiuimuuuitiu  ui ut    UMI uu
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 TEMPERATURE
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 RELATIVE
 HUMIDITY
    WIND
  DIRECTION
    (DEC.)
  WIND
  SPEED
  (M/S)
                                         '10	^5	20'  '  '
                                                 OCTOBER 1976
                                            30

-------
                           LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
f .Cf.60.RN
s.sr ic
L.Z!
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 WIND
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 (M/S)
                         r—i	1—i	1  i—i—i—i	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	r—--i	1—i—i	1—i	1	1	1	1
                                            31

-------
                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER    H.,.KH.a.jj
              i.Sf .1C
                L.H.
              ft.RM If
 PRECIP.
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T=TRACE
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                                            32

-------
                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY

WEATHER



H « KM D Hi "
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 WIND
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                                                JANUARY 1977
                                           33

-------
                        LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP
   (IN )
T=TRACE
CEILING
 (FT.)
  SKY
 COVER
 VISIBILITY
   (Ml.)
 PRESSURE
   (MB)
 TEMPERATURE
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                                         FEBRUARY 1977
                                       34

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                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
  = TRACE
CEILING
           H.K.KH D.'i I  ,
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 TEMPERATURE
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 RELATIVE
 HUMIDITY
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 DIRECTION
   (DEC )
 WIND
 SPEED
 (M/S)
                     T	1	1	1	1	1	f-Vr	1	1	1	1	r
                                             MARCH 1977
                                           35

-------
                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
            H.K.ltH.0.8*
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T = TRACE
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   (MB)
              1010  -
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                                              APRIL 1977
                                           36

-------
                            LAMBERT FIELD, ST.  LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
 WEATHER    H.K.IIH j.i-o 1 a.  uui  uui   i   i u    i  't  t
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   (MB)
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   WIND
DIRECTION
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 (M/SI
                     •t	1	1	T
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^A^/^M/UA/\^^/VV^
                                                   MAY1977
                                               37

-------
                         LAMBERT FIELD, ST. LOUIS WEATHER SUMMARY
WEATHER
 PRECIP.
   (IN.)
T = TRACE
CEILING
 (FT.)
  SKY
COVER
VISIBILITY
   (Ml.)
PRESSURE
   (MB)
TEMPERATURE
  (DEG.C)
RELATIVE
HUMIDITY
  WIND
DIRECTION
  (DEC )
 WIND
SPEED
 (M/S)
                                                              u      u      ut  mil
                                                                 m uuii ui   2 uuui  u   i
                                                                 Z   12 Z 2    22Z  2    2
                                                           I      U                   I
                                                             20    '   '  25'  '  '   '  30'
                                               JUNE 1977
                                         38

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Plcaic read Inunctions on the reverse bcjore completing)
1 REPORT NO 2
EPA-6QO/4- 79-001
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Lambert Field Graphical Weather Summary
7 AUTHOR(S)
Robert B. Jurgens and William Ted Smith**
9. PERFORMING ORG 1NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as 12)
12, SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RT
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Aqency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
** Potomac Research, Inc.
Research Trianale Park. NC 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION^ NO.
5. REPORT DATE
January 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-49 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
P, NC In-hn(j<;p
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09

16. ABSTRACT
Three-hour meteorological observations from Lambert Field, St. Louis,
Missouri are presented in graphical format for the three-year period
July 1974 to June 1977.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS b.lDENTIFI
Air Pollution St
* Meteorological data
Graphic Methods
13 D!STRiBUT,C\ STATEMENT 19 SECURI
UMC
RELEASE TO PUBLIC 2° "^
ERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS c. COSATI Field/Group
. Louis, Mo. 13B
04B
12A
TY CLASS (This Report) 21 NO. OF PAGES
LASSIFIED ' 43
TY CLASS (Thispage) 22 PRICE
LASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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