Four Corners Air Monitoring

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                                 DISCLAIMER
     This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory-Las Vegas, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for
publication.   Mention of trade names or commercial  products does not consti-
tute endorsement or recommendation for use.
                                     ii

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                             CONTENTS

Figures                                                          iv
Tables                                                          vii
    INTRODUCTION                                                  1
    OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS                                  1
    RECOMMENDATIONS                                               3
    NETWORK DESCRIPTION                                           3
    ROUTINE PROCEDURES                                            3
    QUALITY ASSURANCE                                             4
        Flow Calibration Survey                                   4
        Weighing Survey                                           4
        Trace Metal Analysis                                      5
        Sulfate and Nitrate Performance Survey                    6
    DATA ANALYSIS      • '.'. '.                                        6
        Total Suspended Particulate Matter                        6
        Sulfates                                                  7
        Nitrates                                                  7
    SOIL SAMPLING AND ANALYSES                                   56
References                                                  .     58
Appendix A - The Four Corners Ambient Air Monitoring             59
             Network Stations
                               iii

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                                 FIGURES
Number                                                              Page
   1.   Monitoring site locations  and activation  dates                  2
   2.   Summary total  suspended particulates                           8
   TSP Seasonal Averages
   3.   Bacobi, AZ                                                     9
   4.   Bodaway, AZ                                                    9
   5.   Coppermine, AZ                                                10
   6.   Kaibito, AZ                                                   10
   7.   Leeche, AZ                                                    11
   8.   Lee's Ferry, AZ                                               11
   9.   Moccasin, AZ                                                  12
  10.   Red Rock, AZ                                                  12
  11.   Teec Nos Pos, AZ                                              13
  12.   Tsa Schizzi, AZ                                               13
  13.   Tuba City I, AZ                                               14
  14.   Tuba City II, AZ                                              14
  15.   Ignacio, CO                                                   15
  16.   Red Mesa, CO                                                  15
  17.   Towaoc, CO                                                    16
  18.   Burnham, NM                                                   16
  19.   Chaco Canyon, NM                                              17
  20.   Dulce, NM                                                     17
  21.   Huerfano, MN                                                  18
  22.   St. George, UT                                                18
  23.   Aneth, UT                                                     19.
  24.   Bloomington, UT                                               19
  25.   Escalante, UT                                                 20
  26.   Glen Canyon, UT                                               20
  27.   Henri evi 11 e,,BT                                               21
  28,   Huntington Canyon f1, UT                                      21

                                    iv

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Number                                                                Page
  29.  Huntington Canyon #2, UT                                        22
  30.  Navajo Mountain, UT                                             22
  31.  01jato, UT                                                      23
  32.  Summary Sulfates                                                24
  Sulfate Seasonal Averages
  33.  Bacobi, AZ                                                      25
  34.  Bodaway, AZ                                                     25
  35.  Coppermine, AZ                                                  26
  36.  Kaibito, AZ                                                     26
  37.  Lechee, AZ                                                      27
  38.  Lee's Ferry, AZ                                                 27
  39.  Moccasin, AZ                                                    28
  40.  Red Rock, AZ                                                    28
  41.  Teec Nos Pos, AZ                                                29
  42.  Tsa Schizzi, AZ                                                 29
  43.  Tuba City I, AZ                                                 30
  44.  Tuba City II, AZ                                                30
  45.  Ignacio, CO                                                     31
  46.  Red Mesa, CO                                                    31
  47.  Towaoc, CO                                                      32
  48.  Burnham, NM                                                     32
  49.  Chaco Canyon, MN                                                33
  50.  Dulce, NM                                                       33
  51.  Huerfano, NM                                                    34
  52.  St. George, UT                                                  34
  53.  Aneth, UT                                                       35
  54.  Bloomington, UT    •                                             35
  55.  Escalante, UT                                                   36
  56.  Glen Canyon, UT                                                 36
  57.  Henrieville, UT                                                 37
  58.  Huntington Canyon #1, UT                                        37
  59.  Huntington Canyon #2, UT                                        38

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Number                                                                Page
  60.  Navajo Mountain, UT                                             38
  61.  Oljato, UT                                                      39
  62.  Summary Nitrates                                                40
  Nitrate Seasonal Averages
  63.  Bacobi, AZ                                                      41
  64.  Bodaway, AZ                                                     41
  65.  Coppermine, AZ                                                  42
  66.  Kaibito, AZ                                                     42
  67.  Lechee, AZ                                                      43
  68.  Lee's Ferry, AZ                                                 43
  69.  Moccasin, AZ                                                    44
  70.  Red Rock, AZ                                                    44
  71.  Teec Nos Pos, AZ                                                45
  72.  Tsa Schizzi, AZ                                                 45
  73.  Tuba City I, AZ                                                 46
  74.  Tuba City II, AZ                                                46
  75.  Ignacio, CO                                                     47
  76.  Red Mesa, CO                                                    47
  77.  Tcwaoc, CO                                                      48
  78.  Burnham, NM                                                     48
  79.  Chaco Canyon, NM                                                49
  SO.  Dulce, NM                                                       49
  81.  Huerfanc, NM                                                    50
  82.  St. George, UT                                                  50
  83.  Aneth, UT                                                       51
  84.  Blcomington, UT                                                 51
  85.  Escalante, UT                                                   52
  86.  Glen Canyon, UT                                                 52
  87.  Henrieville, UT                                                 53
  88.  Huntington Canyon  #1, UT                                        53
  89.  Huntington Canyon  #2, UT                                        54
  90.  Navajo Mountain, UT                                             54
                                      vi

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Number                                                               Page
  91.   Oljato, UT                                                     55
  92.   Soil  Sample resuspension and sizing system                     56
                                  TABLES
   1.  Weighing performance survey                                     4
   2.  Comparison of trace elements above minimum detection limits     5
   3.  Quality assurance suIfate/nitrate                               6
   4.  Percent of measured elements in FCN soil  samples               57
                                    vii

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                                INTRODUCTION

     The Four Corners Air Monitoring Network (FCN) was part of the comprehen-
sive study begun in 1975 to evaluate the impact of energy development in the
Western Energy Resource Development Area (WERDA).   The WERDA covers the eight
Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain States and contains sizeable deposits
of coal, oil, oil shale, natural gas, uranium, and geothermal resources.

     The Four Comers area, covering the southern  portion of Colorado and
Utah and the northern portion of Arizona and New Mexico, contains existing and
proposed power generating facilities, and envelops wilderness areas, National
Parks and Indian Reservations.  The FCN was activated in 1976 to establish the
present air quality and to trace the long term effects of the evolving and
potential impact of energy production and resource development on air quality
in this generally pristine and rural area.

     The FCN (Figure 1), designed and operated for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory—Las Vegas
(EMSL-LV) by the Ute Research Laboratories (URL),  collected data at most
stations for 3 years.  The project was concluded in 1979.


                        OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

     Results of the analyses of samples collected  in the FCN document the
rural background levels of total suspended particulates (TSP) in the Four
Corners area.  High volume sampler values for TSP  are quite low overall, with
means generally ranging from 10 to 50 micrograms per cubic meter (yg/m3),
although the sites in Escalante and Henrieville show consistently higher con-
centrations of TSP.  Analyses also show that many  of the elements were below
or at the detection limit.

     It was determined that the mean sulfate/nitrate levels are generally
less than 3 yg/m3.  However, using mean values of TSP, sulfate/nitrate or
elements, we were not able to document the impact of known major sources on
the FCN.

     The external quality assurance program resulted in consistent improve-
ment in the quality of the data and was instrumental in identifying problems.
Generally, the FCN provided a solid data baseline  for impact assessments.

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                      120
40   80 120  160 200
   Kilometers  _. . ,. ,.
             • Richfield

Utah
  Price

  26
25
                                     Green River
                                               .
                                           Moab
          Cedar
   21
                   23*
                                                         Colorado
                                                       Grand Junction
                                                    Montrose
                                                      *  Gunnison
                                                            Pagosa Sprs.
      Arizona
                                                    418

                                                    416

                                                   New Mexico

                                               (Gallup
                       Flagstaff
 1.  Bacobi, AZ, 3/27/76
 2.  Bodaway, AZ, 6/21/76
 3.  Coppermine, AZ, 2/2/76
 4.  Kaibito, AZ, 1/22/76
 5.  Lechee, AZ, 5/22/77
 6.  Lee's  Ferry, AZ, 10/5/76
 7.  Moccasin, AZ, 1/27/76
 8.  Red Rock, AZ, 1/12/76
 9.  Teec Nos Pos, AZ, 1/20/76
10.  Tsa Schizzi, AZ, 4/2/76
11.  Tuba City, AZ, 2/16/76
12.  Ignacio, CO, 1/19/76
13.  Red Mesa, CO, 4/19/76
14.  Towaoc, CO, 4/29/76
                             15. Burnham, NM, 5/17/76
                             16. Chaco Canyon, NM,  6/30/76
                             17. Dulce, NM, 5/17/76
                             18. Huerfano, NM, 4/13/76
                             19. St. George, UT, 7/14/76
                             20. Aneth, UT, 2/11/76
                             21. Bloomington, UT, 2/2/76
                             22. Escalante, UT, 1/24/75
                             23. Glen Canyon, UT, 10/13/76
                             24. Henrieville, UT, 1/24/76
                             25. Huntington Canyon  #1, UT,  4/18/77
                             26. Huntington Canyon  #2, UT,  5/6/77
                             27. Navajo Mountain, UT, 1/30/77
                             28. Oljato, UT, 1/23/76
       Figure  1.  Monitoring site locations  and  activation dates

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                              RECOMMENDATIONS


     To determine regional and local patterns, the data, especially the
sulfate/nitrate data, should be looked at on a daily basis, and this analysis
be combined with meteorological analysis.

     A follow-up study using comparable monitoring and analysis techniques
should be undertaken within 10 years to assess trends and impacts of energy
development.  Should such a program be undertaken, surface meteorological
measurements should be made at some if not all station locations for data-
interpretation purposes.


                            NETWORK DESCRIPTION


     The FCN consisted of high volume air samplers installed at 28 generally
remote rural sites.  Sites were located to provide samples most representative
of the background and in areas with high potential for future energy resource
development—some in the vicinity of existing sources to document their
contributions.  Site selection was subject to certain limitations:  the
accessibility of the site, the availability of personnel to operate the
sampler, and the availability of electrical power.  Use of propane-fueled
generators proved unreliable.

     The high volume samplers used at each site were standard commercial units
equipped with continuous flow recorders.   Each sampler was mounted on a 4.5-
meter wooden tower to minimize the effect of dust and other ground^!evel
interferences.  Two types of filter were used.  From 1976 to July 31, 1978,
a Gelman spectrographic grade, Type A glass-fiber filter was used.  This is
a standard 203- x 254-millimeter filter.   Beginning August 1, 1978, an EPA
filter specially prepared with known amounts of varfous trace elements was
used to provide better results and for easier handling.


                             ROUTINE PROCEDURES

     Prior to April 1977, each sampler was operated for three 24-hour periods
weekly.  Beginning in April 1977, sampling was performed on even-numbered days,
with some adjustments for holidays.  Flow calibrations and sampler preventive
maintenance were performed at least every 2 months.

     Samples form the FCN were shipped through the URL Blanding office to Ft.
Duechesne, Utah, for analysis.  Each sample was conditioned and weighed to
determine the mass of particulates.  A portion of each filter was then
analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy for a number of trace elements.
Beginning in 1978, another portion of each of about 67 percent of the filters
was analyzed to determine the concentration of sul fates and nitrates.   Further
details concerning the analytical methods and procedures used were provided
in an earlier report (Smith 1979).  Results from these analyses were reported
to the EMSL-LV where they were incorporated in the SAROAD data base.

                                      3

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                              QUALITY ASSURANCE


     In addition to internal quality control  procedures outlined in a previous
report (Smith 1979), URL participated in an external  quality assurance program.
This program was a component of the larger WERDA study and was conducted by
Rockwell International, under contract to the EPA.

     This quality assurance program began with an audit of URL facilities and
procedures, followed by the analysis of "unknown" samples on a regular basis
and the exchange of actual field samples.  This program provided a check on
all aspects of the URL program.  A description of each component follows.

FLOW CALIBRATION SURVEY

     Rockwell provided URL with a flow-calibration kit containing a series of
orifice plates and mounted on a high volume sampler.   Measurements of the
pressure drop across each plate and of the flow based on the URL flow meter
were recorded.  These values and the test equipment were returned to Rockwell
where flows were computed and compared with the values reported by URL.

     In March 1977, the first flow-calibration survey indicated that air flow
measurements by URL were 11 percent low.  In November 1977, a second flow-
calibration survey indicated values only 1.5 percent low.  No further flow-
calibration surveys were performed prior to the 1979 end of the sampling
period.  These results suggest an overestimation of concentrations prior to
March 1977, by approximately 11 percent.  Concentrations reported for the
period between March and November 1977 are probably overestimated by an amount
between 1.5 percent and 11 percent.

WEIGHING SURVEY

     Rockwell routinely provided URL with a set of standard weights to check
the accuracy of the URL balance.  These weights had been modified by filing
and filling to provide masses near 1, 2, and 5 grams.  Following normal weigh-
ing procedures, URL determined the mass of each weight and reported the results
to Rockwell.  The results of the three comparisons are shown in Table 1.
                                «
                   TABLE 1.  WEIGHING PERFORMANCE SURVEY

     Audit date             Aug. 1977       Nov.  1977      July 1979

   Difference at:
      1 gram                 -2.6 mg         -0.3 mg        -0.1 mg
      2 grams                -2.8 mg          0.0 mg         0.4 mg
      5 grams                -1.9 mg         -0.2 mg         0.3 mg

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     The results of the first performance survey showed an effect of approx-
imately -2.4 mg, suggesting a balance adjustment error.  After a manufacturer
adjustment of the balance, the second and third performance surveys showed
errors on the order of -0.2 mg and +0.2 mg respectively.  The later results
showed generally good agreement.  It should be noted that the offset in the
first survey would cancel out.  Even if this were not the case, errors in
weighing would result in no more than about -1.5 ug/m  error in reported TSP.

TRACE METAL ANALYSIS

     Periodically, strips from filters analyzed by URL were analyzed by Rock-
well using atomic absorption spectroscopy.  The results from both analyses
were then compared to determine the quality of the data reported.  Early com-
parisons showed generally poor agreement.  A potential error of +10 percent
due to cutting the filters was suggested.  Analytic errors on the order of 30
to 60 percent were also apparent.  A later reanalysis by Rockwell placed the
error nearer to 70 percent, with URL always reporting lower values.

     To identify the source of these discrepancies, a special study primarily
involving the exchange of two types of sample was developed.  The first type
of sample consisted of solutions similar to those resulting from normal filter
extraction.  These samples were analyzed fay atomic absorption spectroscopy to
test that portion of the analysis procedure.  The second type of sample con-
sisted of specially prepared filters containing known amounts of various
trace elements.  These samples were similar to normal field samples and tested
both the extraction and atomic absorption portions of the procedure.  After
analysis, the remainder of the filter extract solution was returned to Rock-
well to provide another point of comparison.

     Although this study did not answer all the questtons, it dtd provide
some valuable results.  It was concluded that most discrepancies were due to
differences in extraction procedures (Cher 1979).  Although neither method
could be shown to be more valid than the other, the 50 percent HMOs method
was changed to the 10 percent HC1 method used by Rockwell extraction methods.
The method used by Rockwell was simpler and gave more consistent recovery
efficiencies* resulting in better precision and accuracy values.  This method
is also consistent with the method used elsewhere in the WERDA.

     At the time of this change to the new extraction method, comparisons with
Rockwell indicated accuracies on the order of ±10 percent and precisions
averaging less than ±10 percent.  Subsequent comparisons are summarized in
Table 2.  In all cases accuracies remained in the +10 percent range.

   TABLE 2.  COMPARISON OF TRACE ELEMENTS ABOVE MINIMUM DETECTION LIMITS*


   Element               Fe        Mn        Pfa         Cu
June 1978
February 1979
-5 %
+8 %
-7 %
-6 %
•*
-7 %
-10 %
+3 %
   * Percent error * URL-Rockwell/Rockwell

                                      5

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     In summary, trace element values reported for the period prior to the
first quarter Of 1977 are probably low by as much as 70 percent due to analytic
errors.  Trace element data reported for the period following first quarter
1977 are probably accurate to within 10 percent.

SULFATE AND NITRATE PERFORMACE SURVEY

     Each quarter, Rockwell distrubuted a series of filters containing known
concentrations of sulfates and nitrates for analysis.  The results of these
surveys are summarized in Table 3.  On the average, values reported by URL
should be within 6.5 percent for sulfates and 8.2 percent for nitrates.

                TABLE 3.  QUALITY ASSURANCE SULFATE/NITRATE


          Quarter/year              Average Percent Difference
                                 Sulfates               Nitrates
2/77
3/77
4/77
1/78
2/78
3/78
4/78
1/79
7.3
6.8
5.4
4.9
12.5
8.5
2.9
3.8
29.4
0.1
5.9
7.3
-2.1
16.3
6.3
2.2
                                                           871
                               DATA ANALYSIS

     Data collected during this program have been incorporated in SAROAD, the
EPA air quality data base.  Several data displays are discussed in this
Section.  Site descriptions and additional data summaries and displays are
presented in Appendix A.

TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE (TSP) MATTER

     Geometric means for all available TSP values are presented in Figure 2.
TSP values for most sites are between 15 and 20 micrograms per cubic meter
(yg/m3).  Somewhat higher values were computed for Escalante C43.5), Huerfano
(36.0), Tuba City (30.8 and 27.4), Burnham (28.6), Teec Nos Pos C28.3), and
Cnaco Canyon (28.0).  These values may be due to sandy soil and sparse vege-
tation in the area.  Dirt roads are also common throughout the region.
Emissions from a sawmill in Escalante may account for the 43.5 value.  Emis-
sions from the Four Corners and San Juan Power Plants may contribute to the
relatively high values found around Burnham and Huerfano.

     Seasonal mean total suspended particulate values are displayed in Figures
3 through 31.  Each figure presents data for a single season for the entire

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network.  These figures show that the minimum TSP values occur during the
winter, and highest values in the summer.  TSP concentrations are quite vari-
able during the spring.  These values were hfgfi during the spring of 1976 and
1977 and low during the spring of 1978 and 1979.  Much of this variation can
probably be attributed to year-to-year variations in precipitation and
resulting snow cover.

SUIFATES

     Mean sulfate values for the period of network operatton (Figure 32}
generally lie in the range from 2.0 to 2.4 yg/m3.  Somewhat higher values are
reported at Huerfano (3.0), Huntington Canyon I (2.8), Huntington Canyon II
(2.9), Teec Nos Pos (2.8), Aneth (2.7), and Tsa Schizzi (2.6).  These rela-
tively higher sulfate values may be the result of emissions from the Navajo,
San Juan, Four Corners, and Huntington Canyon power plants.

     Figures 33 through 61 display the seasonal mean sulfate values for the
network.  Concentrations are highest during the autumn and lowest during the
spring.  Summer of 1977 shows high concentrations similar to autumn 1977.  In
contrast, summer 1978 exhibited relatively low mean concentrations, similar
to spring 1978.  With this limited data set, the typical summer pattern can
not be determined.

     No consistent trend in mean sulfate concentrations is evident.  A compar-
ison of spring 1977 and spring 1979 values suggests a general increase in mean
sulfate concentrations.  At the same time, a comparison of summer 1977 and
summer 1978 values  suggests a decrease in concentrations.   Autumn and winter
comparisons reveal  a generally even mix of increases and decreases.

NITRATES

     Mean nitrate values (Figure 62) are in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 ug/m3.
The overall pattern is quite similar to the sulfate pattern.  Similarly, the
slightly higher values in some areas may be the result of emissions from local
sources.

     Seasonal mean  nitrate values are displayed in Figures 63 through 91.
These values appear to be lowest during the winter and spring and highest in
the summer.  Autumn values are generally lower than summer values 5ut higher
than spring means.   Although no consistent long term trend is evident,
nitrates do appear to decrease from summer 1977 to summer 1978.   At the same
time, winter and spring values remain fairly constant.

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                       SOIL SAMPLING AND ANALYSES

     Soil samples were collected from 21 of the URL FCN station  sites.   These
samples were processed by first sieving the dried material  through  a 16-mesh
then a 60-mesh screen.  The resultant material  was placed in  a chamber  and
resuspended with a flow of air through a sintered glass disk.  The  particles
were then accelerated and injected into clean air to achieve  about  a 100:1
dilution prior to sizing (Figure 92).   A standard Lundgren  impactor was used
to size the ash into diameter ranges about 15 micron, 5 to  15 microns,  2 to
5 microns, 0.5 to 2 microns, and less than 0.5 microns.

     All processed samples were analyzed by particle-induced  x-ray  emission
(PIXE) for elements sodium and heavier.  Cahill (1976) discusses  the sensi-
tivity and accuracy of this system.   An IB-million electron volt alpha  beam
frm the 76-inch isochronous cyclotron, located at the University of Calif-
ornia, Davis, excites x rays in the  particulate sample.  The  characteristic
x rays corresponding to a transition of any element, sodium and  heavier, are
converted to a digital signal processed by a PDP 15/40 computer.  By evalua-
ting the energy and total number of  these x rays, the element is  identified
and a concentration is computed (Harrison 1973).   The analytical  system has
been evaluated by various inter!aboratory comparisons, achieving mean abso-
lute accuracy of ±6 percent for aluminum and heavier (Camp  1975,  1978).
         Lundgren
         Impactor

  Stage  Stage Stage  Stage
   4321
  1102/min
                                                                Intake Filter
 Filter
                       Sizing , Resuspension
                 Air Flow
      Pump

     Figure 92.
Soil Sample -*

    Sintered
    Glass Disk
    and Filter
                                                          Intake
                                                          Filter
                                               Compressed
                                Needle Valve       Air

Soil Sample resuspension and sizing system (UC-Davis)

                    56
-------
TABLE 4.  PERCENT OF MEASURED ELEMENTS IN FCN SOIL SAMPLES
Site
Bacobi , AZ
Bodaway, AZ
Coppermine, AZ
Kaibito, AZ
Lechee, AZ
Lee's Ferry, AZ
Tsa Schizzi, AZ
Tuba City, AZ
Ignacio, CO
Red Mesa, CO
Burnham, NM
Dulce, NM
Chaco Canyon, NM
Aneth, UT
Bloomington, UT
Escalante, UT
Glen Canyon, UT
Cr
0.0
0.0219
5.5963
0.0
1.0598
1.4221
0.1390
5.5375
0.0
0.0
0.0247
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0842
0.0
1.2299
Hunti ngton #1, UTO.O
Navajo Mtn, UT
Oljato, UT
St. George, UT
0.0118
0.0
0.0102
Cu
0.0682
-
1.0460
4.2855
1.0720
0.0
0.0051
0.0
0.1777
0.1183
0.0166
0.1116
0.0689
0.0053
0.0756
7.3751
0.0
7.5659
0.0120
0.0604
0.0610
Pb
0.0
-
o.c
0.0
4.4798
0.0
0.0035
0.0
0.0038
0.0
0.0073
0.0
0.0
0.0062
0.0027
0.0
1 . 1890
0.0
0.0
0.0742
0.0801
Mn
0.1352
0.0851
9.8618
8.4040
1.1659
5.2637
0.0881
1.6229
0.1411
0.1103
0.1716
0.1234
0.0404
0.1402
0.0628
6.3579
7.3672
8.1881
0.1475
0.1520
0.1235
N1
0.0019
-
1.0450
0.0
0.0
3.0509
0.0
0.0
0.0011
0.0
0.0063
0.0019
0.0005
0.0032
0.0
0.0
4.1235
0.0
0.0029
0.0
0.0
Fe
6.1572
-
0.0458
0.0153
0.0376
0.0584
4.6199
0.0515
6.5988
5.5744
12.3107
6.1134
5.9519
5.0828
4.1283
0.1456
0.0467
0.0463
6.2611
5.5373
5.7437
                            57
-------
                           REFERENCES
Cahill, T.A., R.G.  Flocchini, R.A.  Eldred, P.J.  Feeney, S.  Lange, D.J.
   Shadoan, and G.  Wolfe.   1976.   Monitoring Smog Aerosols  with Elemen-
   tal Analysis by Accelerator Beams.   "Accuracy in Trace Analysis:
   Sampling,  Sample Handling, Analysis."  National Bureau of Standards
   Special Publication 422.

Camp, D.C., A.L. Van Lehn, J.R. Rhodes, and J.  Prodzynski.   1975.
   Intercomparison of Trace Element Determinations in Simulated and Real
   Air Particulate Samples.   J. X-Ray Spec. 4,  123.

Camp, D.C., A.L. Van Lehn, and B.W. Loo.  1978.   Intercomparison of
   Samplers Used in the Determination of Aerosol Compositton.  U.S.
   Environmental Protection Agency.  EPA-600/7-78-118.

Cher, M.  Quality Assurance in Support of Energy-related Monitoring
   Activities in the Western United States, Annual Report No. 1.  1978.
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  EPA-600/7-78-179.

Cher, M.  Quality Assurance in Support of Energy-related Monitoring
   Activities, Annual Report No.  2.  1979.  U.S. Environmental Protec-
   tion Agency.  EPA-600/7-79-136.

Harrison, J.F., and R.A. Eldred.   1973.  Automatic Data Acquisition and
   Reduction for Elemental Analysis of Aerosol  Samples.  "Advances in
   X-ray Analysis." Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.  Vol. 17.

Smith, D.E., O.K. Spencer, J. Richards, and G.  Peterson.  1979.  The
   Environmental Protection Agency Four Corners Ambient Air Monitoring
   Network.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  EPA-600/7-79-135.
                                58
-------
                                APPENDIX A
        THE FOUR CORNERS AMBIENT AIR MONITORING NETWORK STATIONS

     This appendix contains descriptions and data summaries  for each site in
the Four Corners Ambient Air Monitoring Network.   All  stations are computed
assuming a log-normal  distribution of the data.  When  the value reported is
below the minimum detectable limit, half the minimum detection limit is  used
in the computation.

     A series of seasonal  geometricians is presented for each site in
terms of micrograms  per cubic meter.   Also,  a set of table showing correla-
tion coefficients for the non-zero values reported and the mumber of obser-
vations (data pairs) incorporated in  each coefficient  for the full period of
record are provided  for each station.
                                    59
-------
            Bacobi, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 030520003K03)

      This station, located in the northwest corner of the Hopi  Indian Reser-
vation, is about 120 kilometers south of the Navajo Generating Station and
about 40 km south of the Black Mesa Coal Mine, both of which constitute poten-
tial or actual stationary emission sources.   There are few paved roads in the
visinity.  The small village of Bacobi (population about 200)  is nearby.  The
terrain is generally flat, consisting of sandy soil with only  sparse vegeta-.
tion.  The major commercial activity in this area is livestock grazing.

      The station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with a
high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical power is
available.
                         Seasonal  Geometric Means
Date TSP
1/76 61.3
2/76 23.9
3/76 17.7
4/76 10.7
1/77 12.2
2/77 30.1
3/77 17.0
4/77 27.9
1/78 9.1
2/78 30.1
3/78 29.9
4/78 21.9
1/79 5.5
S04
NA
NA
NA
2.314
1.958
2.075
1.625
2.161
3.287
1.677
2.960
3.396
1.716
N03
NA
NA
NA
1.380
.637
1.316
1.105
.985
.846
1.072
1.765
1.295
.495
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Correlation

TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
, Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
1.00
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
™"
Al
0.86
1.00
_
-
-
-
-
-
"*
Cu
0.08
0.12
1.00
-
-
_
-
-
*•
Cr
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.005
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.002
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.003
.002
.002
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cu
.053 .
.032 .
.037 .
.047 .
.043 .
.023 .
.065 .
.114 .
.150 .
.127 .
.088 .
.134 .
.067 .
Pb
018
031
025
022
024
030
023
021
022
028
026
046
022
Mn
.008
.007
.006
.007
.009
.008
.007
.008
.006
.014
.014
.009
.005
Ni
.000
.001
.000
.000
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
.002
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.056
.290
.163
.073
.042
.013
.118
.200
.033
.250
.279
.039
.003
Coefficients - Bacobi
Pb
0.31
0.50
0.15
1.00
-
_
-
-
"•
Mn
0.89
0.90
0.08
0.22
1.00
-
.
-
—
Ni
-0.10
0.02
0.49
0.17
-0.17
1.00
-
-
•*

0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.


Fe
83 0
94 0
08 0
21 0
86 0
11 0
00 0
1
"•
S04
.26
.35
.27
.41
.20
.32
.16
.00
•
N03
0.36
0.54
0.27
0.36
0.18
0.13
0.24
0.62
1.00










                                      60
-------
                     Number of Observations - Bacobi

TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
296
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
"•
Al
54
54
_
-
—
_
-
-
•
Cu
274
52
274
-
-
_
-
-
~
Pb
200
45
198
200
-
_
-
-
"•
Mn
122
32
116
102
122
.
-
-
~
Ni
26
10
25
22
19
26
-
-
—
Fe
260
45
243
182
119
23
260
-
™
S04
107
42
101
79
49
15
91
107
~
NO^
107
42
101
79
49
15
91
107
107
            Bodaway, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 030200012K03)

     This station, operated by a field employee of URL, is located in the
western portion of the Navajo Indian Reservation near the Colorado River and
the Grand Canyon National Park, about 56 km southwest of the Navajo Genera-
ting Station and 16 km east of the Cedar Ridge Trading Post on U.S. Highway
89.  The terrain is predominantly flat.  The sandy soil has many rock out-
croppings and supports sparse vegetation.  Livestock grazing is the only
commercial activity.  Highway 89, the only pave road in the vicinity, pro-
vides the only main access to the few scattered homes in the area.  Powered
with a propane electrical generator, the station is equipped with a single
high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.


                         Seasonal Geometric Means
Date  TSP    S04    NOs   Cd
Cr
Co    Cu    Pb    Mn    Ni    Mo
Fe
2/76
3/76
4/76
1/77
2/77
3/77
4/77
1/78
2/78
3/78
4/78
75.0
40.3
14.0
12.4
36.5
16.0
12.9
7.3
21.3
21.8
14.5
NA
NA
NA
2.114
1.340
1.680
1.219
1.241
1.420
.932
2.645
NA
NA
NA
1.156
1.400
1.355
.353
.686
1.057
.858
1.328
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
.003
.004
.003
.003
.003
.004
.005
.003
NA
NA
NA
.002
.002
.002
.002
.003
.002
.002
.002
NA
NA
NA
.032
.038
.031
.041
.008
.006
.007
.006
.005
.006
.007
.018
.020
.024
.029
.019
.023
.027
.032
.029
.019
.028
.006
.011
.008
.006
.009
.007
.006
.006
.012
.009
.007
.001
.001
.000
.000
.001
.001
.000
.001
.003
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
.003
.001
NA
NA
NA
.530
.529
.076
.092
.250
.202
.085
.025
.424
.148
.128
                                    61
-------
                   Correlation  Coefficients  - Bodaway
           TSP    Al
        Cu
       Pb
      Mn
      Ni
     Fe   S04    NOs
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
•
0.50
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
"•
-0.
-0.
1.






05
07
00
-
-
-
-
-
~
-0.
0.
-0.
1.





06
46
17
00
-
-
-
-
—
0.17
0.66
-0.07
-0.09
1.00
-
-
-
~
-0.14
0.23
-0.01
-0.06
-0.24
1.00
-
-
—
0.29
0.60
-0.10
0.04
-0.56
0.11
1.00
-
•
0.25
-0.34
0.25
0.05
0.08
-0.38
0.00
1.00
~
0.52
0.06
0.22
0.31
0.24
-0.17
0.27
0.64
1.00
                     Number of Observations  - Bodaway
         TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
N03
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
182
.
_
-
-
-
-
-
*"
42
42
_
-
-
-
-
-
—
96
6
96
-
-
_
-
-
™*
114
32
60
114
-
-
-
-
—
84
31
45
64
84
-
-
-
— *
22
11
8
19
13
22
-
-
—
169
41
95
110
83
21
169
-
™
73
35
15
51
34
15
68
73
—
73
35
15
51
34
15
68
73
73
         Coppermine, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 030200011K03)

     This station is located in the western portion of the  Navajo Indian
Reservation about 40 km south of the Navajo Generating Station  and 80 km .
northwest of the Black Mesa Coal Mine.   The predominantly flat  terrain has
sandy soil, supporting only sparse vegetation for livestock grazing, the only
commercial activity in the area.  There are no paved roads  within 16 km and
a few, widely scattered homes and a trading post(about 1.6  km north of the
station).  An abandoned open-pit copper mine is located near the trading post.

     The station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with a
single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical
power is available.
                                    62
-------
                         Seasonal Geometric Means
Date TSP
1/76 17.
2/76 26.
3/76 32.
4/76 13.
1/77 13.
2/77 55.
3/77 39.
4/77 17.
1/78 6.
2/78 25.
3/78 21.
4/78 15,
S04
5 NA
8 NA
7 NA
9 NA
0 1.649
0 1.250
2 3.620
4 1.564
8 1.429
0 1.416
4 .682
5 2.737
N03
NA
NA
NA
NA
.633
1.235
2.483
.478
.423
.905
.613
.949
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
Correlation

TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
$04
N03
TSP
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Al
0.74
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
0.01
0.02
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cr
.004
.003
.004
.004
.003
.004
.004
.006
.003
NA
NA
NA
Co
.004
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.003
.003
.002
NA
NA
NA
Coefficients
Pb
0.04
0.44
0.19
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
0.73
0.71
0.07
0.11
1.00
-
-
-
-
Cu
.023
.020
.023
.020
.025
.034
.081
.062
.063
.038
.160
.166
Pb
.020 .
.030 .
.025 .
.023 .
.025 .
.026 .
.037 .
.026 .
.025 .
.021 .
.025 .
.031 .
Mn
007
007
009
007
006
014
013
008
006
014
on
012
Ni
.001
.000
.001
.000
.000
.001
.001
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.002
.001
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.098
.514
.317
.095
.063
.286
.321
.079
.011
.204
.097
.044
- Coppermine
Ni
-0.03
0.06
0.20
0.33
-0.10
1.00
-
-
-
Fe
0.71
0.82
0.07
0.06
0.84
-0.10
1.00
-
-

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

S04
.18
.25
.32
.17
.12
.36
.12
.00
-
N03
0.27
0.41
0.06
0.38
0.18
0.34
0.25
0.56
1.00











Number of Observations -
Coppermine


TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
275

-
-
-
-
-
-

Al
68
68
-
-
-
-
-
-

Cu
254
67
254
-
-
-
-
-

Pb
186
57
180
186
-
-
-
-

Mn
142
53
138
119
142
-
-
-
"
Ni
36
14
34
32
23
36
-
-
"
Fe
242
63
224
170
140
35
242
-











S04
125
56
115
87
71
22
106
125
"
N03
125
56
115
87
71
22
106
125
125











             Kaibito, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 93920001OK03)

      This station is located on the Navajo Indian Reservation about 56 km
southeast of the Navajo Generating Station and 64 km northwest of the Black
Mesa Coal Mine.  The slightly hilly terrain has sandy soil, supporting sparse
                                      63
-------
vegetation used for livestock grazing.   Except for a paved highway about 1.6
km from the station, all  roads in the area are dirt, providing access to a
trading post and small  tribal buildings about 0.8 km east of the station and
to several homes and a  school about 0.8 km west of the station.

      The station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with a
single volume air sampler and a flow recorder, with commercial electrical
power available.

                          Seasonal Geometric Means

Date TSP
1/76 34.0
2/76 47.9
3/76 40.1
4/76 24.5
1/77 16.5
2/77 46.2
3/77 28.5
4/77 31 . 3
1/78 9.7
2/78 25.3
3/78 32.9
4/78 17.6
1/79 13.1
SOA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.176
.841
1.714
2.139
1.320
1.271
.668
2.456
1.210
NO^
NA
NA
NA
NA
.331
.752
1.100
.669
.336
.656
.596
.546
.440
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cr
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.004 .
.003 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.003 .
.002 .
.002 .
NA .
NA .
NA .
NA .
Cu
030
022
015
019
015
025
028
045
054
023
029
096
010
Correlation Coefficients
Pb
.022
.035
.025
.020
.028
.025
.030
.021
.022
.025
.022
.027
.050
Mn
.005
.009
.010
.010
.009
.010
.009
.013
.006
.015
.017
.010
.005
Ni
.002
.001
.000
.000
.001
.001
.001
.000
.001
.002
.001
.002
.000
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.002
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.128
.335
.333
.144
.065
.365
.202
.227
.017
.211
.181
.029
.020
- Kaibito


TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Al
0.79
1.00
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
-0.15
-0.06
1.00
_
-
-
-
-
-
Pb
0.09
0.19
0.17
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
0.71
0.67
-0.03
0.29
1.00
-
-
-
-

0
0
0
0
0
1



Ni
.05 0
.55 0
.17 -0
.37 0
.33 0
.00 0
1
-
-
Fe
.53
.78
.03
.14
.64
.03
.00
-
-
S04
0.08
0.10
0.40
0.22
0.01
0.21
0.13
1.00
-
N03
0.36
0.22
0.02
0.17
0.03
-0.05
0.21
0.34
1.00










                                      64
-------
                    Number of Observations - Kaibito
        TSP     Al     Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni     Fe     S04     NO-:
TSP 439
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04 -
N03 -
118
118
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
380
no
380
-
-
-
-
-
••
318
103
306
318
-
-
-
-
~
235
81
216
198
235
-
-
-
—
62
27
57
52
32
62
-
-
•
383
106
341
287
229
57
383
-
—
187
99
171
147
96
36
148
187
~
187
99
171
147
96
36
148
187
187

            Lechee, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 030200005K03)

       This station, located on the Navajo Indian Reservation approximately
4.8 km south of the Navajo Generating Station, is situated on the top of a
small mesa that has bare rock in and around the proximity of the station.
Page, Arizona, is about 6.4 km and the Glen Canyon Dam 8 km away.  A small
housing development with paved roads is located about 0.8 km west.

       The station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with a
single high volume air sampler and a low volume air sampler which are oper-
ated on the same days.   Commercial electrical  power is available.

                        Seasonal  Geometric Means


Date  TSP    SO*   NO^   Cd    Cr    Co    Cu     Pb    Mn    Ni     Mo    Fe"

2/77  43.4 2.810 2.047  .001   .004  .002  .013  .023  .008  .001   .001   .243
3/77  28.6 2.884 2.089  .001   .004  .003  .007  .027  .008  .001   .001   .182
4/77  15.0 2.445  .981   .001   .006  .003  .011  .032  .006  .001   .002  .076
1/78   8.5 2.074  .784  .001   .003  .002  .007  .025  .006  .001   .001   .020
2/78  16.8 1.386  .857    NA    NA    NA  .006  .022 ..Oil.  ..001     NA  .151
3/78  18.7  .713  .775    NA    NA    NA  .006  .023  .007  .001     NA  .062
4/78  14.1 2.642 1.139    NA    NA    NA  .007  .030  .008  .001     NA  .025
1/79  13.1 2.181  .702    NA    NA    NA  .008  .024  .006  .001     NA  .049
                                     65
-------
                   Correlation Coefficients  - Lechee
        TSP    Al      Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni      Fe     S04     N03
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
$04
N03
1.00 0.70
- 1.00
_ _
_ _
-
_ _
_ —
-
•• —
0.
0.
1.






00
27
00
-
-
_
-
-
••
0.14
0.24
-0.06
1.00
-
-
-
-
—
0.
0.
-0.
0.
1.




58
58
05
18
00
-
-
-
—
0.38
0.15
0.00
0.31
-.10
1.00
-
-
— ••
0.64
0.76
0.07
0.07
0.47
0.28
l.QO
-
••
0.17
0.12
0.23
0.23
-0.13
-0.12
0.00
1.00
—
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
43
09
08
29
11
24
17
62
00

                     Number of Observations - Lechee
        TSP    Al     Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni      Fe     S04     N03
TSP 253
Al -
Cu -
Pb -
Mn -
Ni -
Fe -
S04 -
N03 -
137
137
-
-
-
-
-
-
"
59
20
59
-
-
-
-
-
••
201
116
51
201
-
-
-
-
—
105
70
27
92
105
-
-
-
—
53
30
14
44
27
53
-
-
™
214
121
54
175
99
47
214
-
••
182
no
36
145
76
39
148
182
""
182
no
36
145
76
39
148
182
182

          Lee's Ferry, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 030200007K03)

     This station is located in the Glen Canyon National  Recreation Area
about 19 km west of Page, Arizona.   A small campground and four homes for
National Park Service personnel are 0.8 km west of the station, and a boat
launching ramp and small store are  0.8 km east.  A small  water treatment
plant and boat storage area are adjacent, and the road leading to the station
is paved.
     The station, operated by National Park Service personnel, is equipped
with a single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder, and a 24-^hour
timer for the convenience of the operating personnel.  Commercial power is
available.
-------
                         Seasonal  Geometric Means
Date  TSP    S04    N6s   Cd   Cr    Co    Cu     Pb    Mn     N1     Mo     Fe

4/76  24.0    NA     NA  .001  .003  .002  .009  .027  .009   .001   .001   .160
1/77  18.5 3.656  1.340  .001  .003  .002  .008  .028  .007   .001   .001   .095
2/77  21.3 1.045   .896  .003  .002  .001  .007  .029  .007   .001   .001   .108
3/77  21.6 2.128  1.206  .001  .005  .003  .014  .031  .007   .001   .003   .135
4/77  11.5 1.607   .558  .001  .004  .003  .011   .027  .006   .001   .002   .045
1/78 5.9 1.
2/78 15.6 1.
3/78 22.8 .
4/78 8.2 2.
1/79 8.6 1.
339 .546 .001 .003
316 .724
677 .667
241 .618
783 .708
NA NA
NA NA
NA NA
NA NA
.002
NA
NA
NA
NA
.007
.006
.007
.006
.007
.023
.018
.026
.030
.032
.005
.008
.008
.006
.006
.
m
*
,
•
001 .001
001 NA
001 NA
001 NA
002 NA
.016
.107
.096
.010
.021

Correlation Coefficients
- Lee
's Ferry

TSP
TSP 1.00
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03

TSP
TSP 358
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04 -
N03 -
Al Cu
0.65 0.01
1.00 -0.01
1.00
-
-
• -
-
-
™" ~
Number of
Al Cu
140 112
140 15
112
-
- -
- *
-
-
-
Pb
0.11
0.24
0.22
1.00
-
-
-
-
—
Mn
0.46
0.30
0.03
0.12
1.00
-
-
-
™
Observations -
Pb
257
127
89
257
•4
-
-
-
-
Mn
132
65
56
115
132
_
-
-
-
Ni
-0.03
-0.18
-0.06
0.38
-0.11
1.00
—
-
—
Lee's
Ni
57
36
19
49
27
57
-
-
-
Fe
0.50
0.61
-0.08
-0.07
0.41
-0.12
1.00
-
—
Ferry
Fe
296
123
108
221
128
51
296
-
-

0
0
0
0
-0
-0
0
1












S04
.25
.23
.05
.24
.24
.26
.00
.00
—

S04
204
no
43
155
66
38
153
204
-
N03
0.39
0.43
0.12
0.27
-0.09
-0.07
0.15
0.56
1.00

N03
205
in
43
156
66
38
153
204
205





















                                     67
-------
          Moccasin, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 030500009K03)

     This station is located on the Kiabab-Piute Indian Reservation, approx-
imately 105 km west of the Navajo Generating Station and 64 km east of the
proposed Warner Valley power plant.  A high plateau is nortwest, and a sawmill
and small oil refinery about 32 km east.  The Pipe Springs National Monument
and a tribal office building are about 3.2 km south, and several homes are fn
the vicinity of the station.  A small town is about 3.2 km north.  The road to
the station is paved.   The predominantly flat terrain has sandy soil, with
sparse-to-moderate vegetation.  Livestock grazing is common to the area.

     This station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with a
single volume air sampler and flow recorder.  Commercial electrical power is
available.

                          Seasonal Geometric Means

Date TSP
1/76 20.9
2/76 24.3
3/76 18.9
4/76 15.4
1/77 13.7
2/77 24.5
3/77 19.6
4/77 14.8
1/78 9.3
2/78 22.5
3/78 20.3
4/78 11.8
1/79 12.2
S04
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.426
3.108
1.990
1.361
.686
1.441
2.298
2.173
N03
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.571
2.299
.434
.442
.734
.880
.607
.616
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Correlation
TSP
TSP 1
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
••
Al
0.37
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
Cu
-0.03 -0
-0.02 0
1.00 0
1
-
-
-
-
—
Cr
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.006
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.003
.003
.002
NA
NA
NA
NA
Coefficients
Pb
.01
.13
.14
.00
-
-
-
-
—
Mn
0.66
0.51
-0.10
0.08
1.00
-
-
-
-
Cu
.023
.002
.009
.008
.005
.009
.008
.009
.007
.005
.010
.006
.008
Pb
.023 .
.003 .
.028 .
.026 .
.027 .
.029 .
.028 .
.031 .
.024 .
.024 .
.027 .
.025 .
.031 .
Mn
006
005
007
008
007
008
on
009
006
013
on
007
006
Ni
.002
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.002
.405
.157
.079
.074
.194
.206
.072
.015
.131
.092
.009
.022
- Moccasin
Ni
-0.13
0.25
0.61
-0.39
-0.12
1.00
-
-
-
Fe
--0.53
0.63
-0.03
-0.10
0.57
-0.16
1.00
-
-

0
0
-0
0
0
-0
0
1

S04
.25
.21
.05
.19
.16
.02
.20
.00
—
N03
0.58
0.37
0.31
0.23
0.26
-0.01
0.62
0.40
1.00










                                      68
-------
                    Number of Observations - Moccasin
       TSP    Al    Cu    Pb    Mn    Ni    Fe    S04
TSP 394
Al -
Cu -
Pb -
Mn -
Ni -
Fe -
S04 -
N03 -
102
102
-
-
-
-
-
-

154
17
154
-
-
-
-
-

280
89
114
280
-
-
.
-

184
74
71
160
184
-
-
-

42
12
25
35
28
42
_
-

337
91
141
244
178
38
337
-

146
81
37
122
76
18
114
146

145
81
37
121
75
18
113
145
145
             Red Rock, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 030040000K03)

     This station is located on the Navajo Indian Reservation about 64 km
west of the Four Corners Power Plant, 80 km southwest of the San Juan Power
Plant, and 48 km north of the Canyon De Chelly National Monument.  Remote and
relatively isolated, with the nearest paved road 16 km away, the area has many
widely scattered homes and a small school.  The prefominantly flat terrain
is sandy, supporting only sparse vegetation.

     The station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with a
single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical
power is available.
                         Seasonal Geometric Means

Date  TSP    §64   NO^Cd   Cr    Co    Cu    Pb    Mn    Ni    Mo    Fe

1/76  22.1   NA    NA   .001 .OC4  .005  .016  .023  .006  .002  .001  .067
2/76  37.5   NA    NA   .001 .004  .003  .021  .035  .008  .001  .001  .440
3/76  18.4   NA    NA   .001 .003  .002  .009  .029  .008  .001  .001  .200
4/76  30.1   NA    NA   .001 .003  .002  .006  .026  .010  .000  .001  .090
1/77  21.3 2.454  .440  .001 .003  .002  .007  .032  .008  .001  .001  .073
2/77  45.6 1.170  .917  .001 .003  .002  .009  .024  .011  .001  .001  .267
3/77  31.4 1.980 1.065  .001 .004  .003  .007  .019  .011  .001  .001  .092
4/77  26.3 2.046  .571  .001 .004  .002  .007  .026  .011  .001  .003  .135
1/78   9.7 2.000  .527  .001 .003  .002  .007  .030  .006  .001  .001  .016
2/78  28.2 1.678  .892  .  NA   NA    NA  .005  .022  .015  .001    NA  .217
3/78  32.2  .539  .484    NA   NA    NA  .008  .024  .014  .001    NA  .159
4/78  15.7 2.221  .623    NA   NA    NA  .005  .026  .009  .001    NA  .020
1/79   7.9 1.613  .502    NA   NA    NA  .007  .047  .007  .001    NA  .009
                                     69
-------
                   Correlation Coefficients  -  Red Rock
         TSP     AT      Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni      Fe     $04     N03
TSP 1.00
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04 -
N03 -
0.82
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.
0.
1.






08
56
00
-
-
-
-
-

0.03
0.23
0.30
1.00
-
-
-
-

0.54
0.81
0.02
0.31
1.00
-
.
-

0.14
0.09
0.71
-0.17
0.01
1.00
_
-

0.51
0.86
-0.06
0.11
0.52
-0.02
1.00
-

0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
0.
1.

17
10
14
19
10
15
n
00

0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
30
37
01
26
13
08
17
51
00
                     Number of Observations - Red Rock
         TSP     Al      Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni      Fe     S04  	NO 3
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
478
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
126
126
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
150
12
150
-
-
-
-
-
—
311
91
109
311
-
-
-
-
-
258
91
76
198
258
-
-
-
-
63
18
30
47
36
63
-
-
-
400
117
140
269
249
53
400
-
-
206
98
33
141
no
27
159
206
-
206
98
33
141
no
27
159
206
206

           Teec Nos Pos, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 030040000K03)


     This station is located on the Navajo Indian Reservation about 64 km
northwest of the Four Corners power plant and 56 km northwest of the San Juan
power plant.  A large school and housing development are 1.6 km east of the
station and, except for the main highway, the roads in the area are unpaved.
There are a few oil wells in the general area.  The terrain is flat, with
sandy soil sparsely vegetated.

     The station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with, a
single high volume air sampler and flow recorder.  Commercial electrical
power is available.
                                     70
-------
Seasonal Geometric Means
Date
1/76
2/76
3/76
4/76
1/77
2/77
3/77
4/77
1/78
2/78
3/78
4/78
1/79
TSP
32.0
37.1
37.5
23.9
26.7
41.1
28.7
24.1
14.3
27.5
33.6
19.8
9.5
S04
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.003
1.360
2.354
2.213
2.881
1.970
.930
3.557
2.410
NQ.3.
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.597
.992
1.421
.715
.735
1.047
1.103
1.096
1.610
Cd-
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Correlation











TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
$04
N03
TSP
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

Al
Cu
0.84 -0.06
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.17
1.00
-
_
-
-
-

Number of











TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
352
.
-
-
- -
-
-
-
-
Al
73
73
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
307
65
307
_
-
-
-
-
-
Cr:.
.005
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.004
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.004 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.003 .
.003 .
.002 .
NA .
NA .
NA .
NA .
Coefficients -
Pb
-0.04
0.24
0.24
1.00
_
-
-
-

Mn
0.78
0.90
0.00
0.04
1.00
-
-
-

Observations -
Pb
290
73
273
290
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
203
62
193
194
203
-
-
-
-
Cu
032 .
024 .
017 .
013 .
016 .
027 .
027 .
293 .
103 .
079 .
041 .
042 .
130 .
Teec
Ni
-0.13
-9.98
0.40
0.18
-0.10
1.00
-
-

Teec
Ni
40
5
38
37
31
40
_
-
-
Pb Mn
034 .007
033 .005
030 .010
038 .010
023 .008
024 .011
038 .011
051 .010
034 .006
040 .014
054 .014
057 .009
040 .005
Nos Pos
Fe
0.74
0.86
0.00
-0.04
0.77
-0.16
1.00
-

Nos Pos
Fe
323
72
294
273
199
38
323
-
-
Ni
.001
.000
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001

S04
0.15
0.15
0.08
0.26
0.07
-0.15
0.00
1.00


S04
126
54
116
121
83
17
118
126
-
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA

N03
0.22
0.18
0.00
0.28
0.18
-0.08
0.08
0.71
1.00

N03
126
54
116
121
83
17
118
126
126
Fe
.078
.265
.333
.110
.086
.282
.231
.198
.044
.206
.216
.062
.020






















            71
-------
               Tsa Schizzi, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 030200013KQ3)

     This station is in a remote section of the Navajo Indian Reservation
about 32 km east of the Navajo Generating Station.   There are no paved roads,
and homes are very widely scattered.   The terrain is generally flat with
sandy soil and sparse vegetation.   Livestock grazing is the only commercial
pursuit in the area.

     The station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with a
single high volume air sampler and a  flow recorder.   Power is provided by a
propane driven electrical generator.

                         Seasonal  Geometric Means
TSP
2/75 21.4
3/76 17.7
4/76 11.2
1/77 20.9
2/77 27.2
3/77 14.3
4/77 10.8
1/78 18.8
2/78 20.0
3/78 19.8
4/78 8.9
1/79 6.2
S04
NA
NA
NA
2.351
.782
1.970
1.220
2.098
.362
1.904
2.479
1.804
N03
NA
NA
NA
.783
.767
1.279
.320
.360
.664
1.136
.709
.519-
Cd
.001 :
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Correlation
Cr
vQ03
.003
.003
.003
.004
.003
.003
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.003 .
.002 .
.002 .
NA .
NA
NA ,
NA .
Coefficients
Cu
018
012
015
on
012
017
014
025
043
048
036
036
Pb
.033
.021
.019
.023
.037
.028
.022
.019
.027
.024
.026
.037
Mn
.006
.006
.006
.008
.007
.007
.005
.006
.009
.009
.005
.005
Ni
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.004
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.239
.259
.088
.099
.141
.111
.106
.046
.139
.089
.010
.027
- Tsa Schizzi

TSP
TSP 1
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Al
0.34
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
0.06
0.00
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pb
0.10
0.41
0.09
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
-0.02
0.75
0.00
0.62
1.00
-
-
-
-

0
-9
-0
-0
-0
1



Ni
.46 0
.98 0
.13 -0
.31 0
.18 0
.00 0
1
-
-
Fe
.43
.83
.07
.01
.20
.18
.00
-
-
S04
0.05
0.18
0.06
0.35
-0.13
-0.38
-0.03
1.00
-
N03
0.37
0.50
0.01
0.40
0.04
0.32
0.12
0.43
" 1.00










                                     72
-------
                  Number of Observations - Tsa Schizzi
          TSP     Al     Cu     Pb     Mn     N1     Fe     $04     N03
TSP 181
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
N1
Fe
504
N03
40
40
-
-
-
-
-
-

139
35
139
_
-
-
-
-

94
27
85
94
-
-
-
-

57
12
46
35
57
-
-
-
"
13
3
13
9
9
13
_
-
"
156
32
125
85
55
12
156
-

84
36
67
44
22
7
66
84
"
84
36
67
44
22
7
66
84
84
           Tuba City, Arizona (SAROAD Site Number 03020001 4K03)

     This station is on a Navajo Indian Reservation about 97 km south of the
Navajo Generating Station, 56 km east of the Grand Canyon National Park bound-
ary, and 1.6 km north of Tuba City.   The station is accessible by a dirt road
from the town.   The terrain is mostly flat with some rolling hills.  The
ground is sandy, supporting only sparse vegetation.

     The station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with a
single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical
power is available.  The original site was 8 km to the east of its present
location prior to October 6, 1976.

                         Seasonal Geometric Means

Date  TSP    S04   N03   Cd    Cr    Co    Cu    Pb    Mn    Ni    Mo    Fe
1/77  32.3 1.700  .555  .001   .003  .002  .026  .023  .011    001    001
2/77  46.2  .814  v805  .001   .003  .002  .030  .023  .012   .001   .001   .296
3/77  45.6 1.552 1.102  .001   .003  .003  .090  .033  .018   .001   .002   .286
4/77  31.9 1.549  .566  .001   .004  .002  .098  .027  .012   .001   .001   .189
1/78  14.4 2.076  .551  .001   .003  .002  .117  .025  .008   .001   .00!   .042
2/78  31.6 1.435  .828    NA     NA    NA  .066  .019  .016   .001   .  HA   .224
3/78  34.9  .663  .698  .003   .003  .002  .079  .027  .016   .001   .001   .194
4/78  15.8 2.013  .612  .003   .003  .002  .073  .031  .008   .001   .001   .025
1/79  13.8 2.144  .537    NA     NA    NA  .062  .024  .008   .001     NA   .017
2/79  37.2  .960  .480    NA     NA    NA  .030  .020  .020   .001     NA   .110
                                    73
-------
                   Correlation Coefficients  -  Tuba City
          TSP     Al      Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni      Fe     $04
TSP 1.00
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
0.82
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
"
-0.
-0.
1.






13
11
00
-
-
-
-
-
"
-0
-0
0
1





.02
.03
.18
.00
-
-
-
-
^
0.76
0.85
-0.12
0.03
1.00
-
-
-
"
0.05
-0.12
0.01
0.00
-0.08
1.00
-
-
"
0.63
0.89
-0.10
-0.01
0.68
0.17
1.00
-
™
0.12
0.13
-0.04
0.11
0.09
0.35
0.05
1.00
"
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
21
27
14
11
04
09
12
31
00
                    Number of Observations - Tuba City
          TSP     Al      Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni      Fe     S04     N03
TSP 301
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
NOs
123
123
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
287
119
287
-
-
_
-
-
—
237
105
232
237
-
-
-
-
—
212
98
206
177
212
—
-
-
••
40
19
40
37
33
40
-
-
•*
266
118
256
213 _
209
35
266
-
•>
197
99
188
156
129
27
168
197
—
197
99
188
156
129
27
168
197
197

           Ignacio, Colorado (SAROAD Site Number 061300003K03)

    This station is located about 4.8 km west of Ignacio, Colorado Capprox.
population 800) on the Southern Ute Indian Reservation, about 80 km northeast
of the San Juan power plant and 97 km northeast of the Four Corners power
plant.  The semimountainous area is heavily farmed, the station itself Being
on an irrigated farm.  There are some oil wells in the vicinity of the
station.  The road to the station is dirt.  Most of the area is moderately
vegetated.

    The station, operated by a field employee of the URL, is equipped with a-
single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical
power is available.
                                    74
-------
Seasonal Geometric Means
Date TSP S04 N03 Cd
1/76 22.2 NA NA .001 .
2/76 22.3 NA NA .001 .
3/72 17.9 NA NA .001 .
4/76 26.6 NA NA .001 .
1/77 29.3 NA NA .001 .
2/77 27.2 0.791 0.673 .001 .
3/77 22.1 1.850 .925 .001 .
4/77 16.3 1.522 .422 .001 .
1.78 12.8 1.859 .638 .001 .
2/78 22.3 1.754 .771 NA
3/78 23.6 1.210 .428 NA
4/78 19.1 2.314 .511 NA
1/79 14.1 3.329 1.205 NA
2/79 16.2 2.085 .713 NA

TSP
TSP 1.00
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
NOa ... -

TSP
TSP' 334
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04 -
N03 -
Correlation
Al Cu
0.63 0.12
1.00 0.19
1.00
.
-
-
-
-
- -
Number of
Al Cu
69 294
69 65
294
-
-
- -
-
-
-
Cr
005 .
004 .
003 .
003 .
003 .
003 ,
004 .
005 ,
003 .
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co Cu Pb
Mn
Ni
,005 .027 .029 .007 .002
.002 .024 .034 .007 .001
.002 .027 .026 .006 .000
.002 .014 .032 .009 .001
,002 .018 .023 .008 .000
.002 .021 .028 .008 .001
,003 .037 .030 .010 .001
.003 .030 .035 .010 .001
,002 .032 .026 .006 .001
NA .043 .027 .013 .001
NA .077 .034 .011 .001
NA .052 .035 .011 .001
NA .025 .039 .006 .001
NA .024 .026 .007 .002
Coefficients
Pb
-0.08
0.18
0.07
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
0.28
0.66
0.35
0.13
1.00
-
-
-
-
Observations
Pb
256
67
294
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
174
54
166
161
174
-
-
-
-
Mo Fe
.001 .101
.001 .275
.001 .175
.001 .092
.001 .104
.001 .146
.002 .139
.002 .114
.001 .013
NA .150
NA .113
NA .060
NA .008
NA .038
- Ignacio
Ni
0.54
0.36
0.59
-0.17
0.32
1.00
-
-
-
- Ignaci
Ni
51
15
50
47
35
51
-
-
-
Fe
0.45
0.78
0.27
0.04
0.57
0.49
1.00
-
-
0
Fe
281
64
253
220
171
45
281
-
-
$04
0.23
-0.01
0.21
0.38
0.07
0.01
0.00
1.00
-

S04
119
56
109
100
70
26
94
119
-
N03
0.26
0.09
0.18
0.37
0.23
0.05
0.04
0.67
1.00

N03
"119
56
109
100
70
16
94
119
119
            75
-------
           Red Mesa, Colorado (SAROAD Site Number 061300002KO3)

     This station is on the Southern Ute Indian Reservation about 56 km north
of the Four Corners power plant, 40 km north of the San Juan power plant, and
48 km southeast of Mesa Verde National Park.  The semimountainous area is
extensively dry-land farmed, farm homes are scattered, and the roads are dirt.

     The station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with a
single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical
power is available.

                         Seasonal Geometric Means

Date TSP
2/76 34.9
3/76 16.6
4/76 29.7
1/77 23.2
2/77 49.1
3/77 26.7
4/77 23.4
1/78 10.7
2/78 31.6
3/78 37.1
4/78 16.4
1/79 8.7
S04
NA
NA
1.880
2.661
.798
1.821
2.382
1.727
1.049
.780
2.215
2.741
N03
NA
NA
• .670
.966
.665
.870
.389
.386
.484
.503
.399
.411
Cd
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
NA
NA
NA
NA
Correl ati on
Cr
004
003
003
003
003
005
007
003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.003 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.003 .
.002 .
NA .
NA .
NA .
NA .
Cu
019
012
010
009
012
017
017
on
016
036
014
006
Coefficients -
Pb
.028
.021
.023
.026
.030
.028
.038
.025
.023
,025
.035'
.028
Mn
.010
.008
.012
.007
.009
.008
.009
.005
.016
.017
.010
.007
Ni
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
.002
.001
.002
.001
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.002
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.338
.287
.175
.070
.262
.144
.137
.010
.219
.231
.038
.004
Red Mesa


TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Al
0.67
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
0.11
-0.02
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
•»
Pb
0.01
0.02
0.17
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
0.44
0.59
0.14
0.07
1.00
-
-
-
-

-0
0
0
0
0
1



Ni
.01 0
.00 0
.34 -0
.01 -0
.10 0
.00 0
1
-
-
Fe
.60
.91
.02
.08
.58
.01
.00
-
-
S04
0.19
-0.01
0.05
0.24
-0.01
0.10
-0.01
1.00
-
N03
0,43
0.28
0.06
0.19
0.05
0.12
0.20
0.55
1.00










                                     76
-------
                    Number of Observations - Red Mesa
          TSP     Al     Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni     Fe     S04    N03
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
372
-
-
-
-
-
-
- '
"•
109
109
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
266
78
266
-
-
-
-
-
"•
266
94
215
266
-
-
-
-
••
203
76
157
166
203
-
-
-
~
64
28
50
53
41
64
-
-
~
315
91
233
232
196
52
315
-
~
168
86
122
132
89
43
132
168
—
167
66
121
132
89
43
132
167
167
            Towaoc, Colorado (SAROAD Site Number 061600004K03)

     This station is on the Ute Mountain Indian Reservation about 56 km
northwest of the Four Corners power plant, 40 km north of the San Juan power
plant, 16 km west of Mesa Verde National Park, and 24 km east of Hovenweep
National Monument.  About 1.6 km east of Towaoc (population 800) and 0.4 km
from a paved road, the station is situated in lowlands between high, rocky
mesas.  The soil is sandy and sparsely vegetated.  Livestock grazing is the
principal agricultural activity.

     The station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped wit& a
single high volume air sampler and a flow recorded.   Commercial electrical
power is available.
                         Seasonal Geometric Means


Date  TSP    SQ4   N03    Cd   Cr    Co    Cu    Pb    Mn    Ni    Mo    Fe
2/76
3/76
4/76
1/77
2/77
3/77
4/77
1/78
2/78
3/78
4/78
1/79
33.1 NA
18.7 NA
26.0 2.180
19.2 1.215
34.6 1.696
27.7 2.212
20.4 2.146
9.3 1.823
15.9 1.230
21.3 .570
12.7 2.825
14.5 2.615
NA
NA
..730
1.391
1.038
1.199
.725
.520
.677
.700
.732
1.248
.001
.001
.001
.00?
.DOT
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.005
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.003
.003
.002
NA
NA
NA
NA
.039
.021
.014
.017
.013
.036
.037
.095
.025
.046
.050
.019
.038
.025
.021
.023
.027
.031
.038
.032
.027
.033
.034
.041
.013
.006
.009
.006
.007
.009
.008
.006
.009
.009
.006
.005
.010
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.010
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.002
.001
. NA
NA
NA
NA
.152
.140
.121
.090
.189
.196
.168
.029
.166
.125
.043
.092
                                     77
-------
                     Correlation Coefficients  -  Towaoc
          TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
$04
N03
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
$04
N03
1.00 0.54
1.00
-
-
-
_
.
-

-0.05
-0.20
1.00
-
-
-
-
-

-0.
0.
0.
1.





08
00
15
00
-
-
-
-

0.67
0.53
0.00
-0.01
1.00
-
-
-

-0.
-0.
-0.
0.
0.
1.



02
23
06
09
58
00
-
-

0.56
0.55
-0.06
-0.09
0.59
0.01
1.00
-

0.19
-0.05
0.17
0.32
-0.01
0.00
-0.02
1.00
-
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
1.
38
22
09
25
05
16
09
52
00

                     Number of Observations - Towaoc
          TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
$04
N03
365
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
™»
125
125
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
310
115
310
-
-
-
-
-
~
311
124
289
311
-
-
-
-
*•
165
67
157
159
165
-
-
-
•
40
19
36
37
27
40
.
-
—
326
115
283
282
163
33
326
-
—
179
97
153
158
74
26
154
179
—
179
97
153
158
74
26
154
179
179

          Burnham, New Mexico (SAROAD Site Number 321000012K03)

      This station is located in a remote and isolated area about 40 km
south of the Four Corners power plant, 56 km south of the San Juan power
plant, 48 km north of Chaco Canyon National Monument and 4.8 km east of a
small trading post and school and the only paved road in the area.  The arid
region contains many deep arroyos, sandy soil and only sparse vegetation.
This station is on the site of a proposed coal mine and coal gasification
plant.

      Operated by a field employee of URL, this station is equipped with a
single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  A propane electrical
generator provides power.
                                     78
-------
Seasonal Geometric Means
Date TSP
2/76 31.
3/76 19.
4/76 21.
1/77 36.
2/77 63.
3/77 27.
4/77 46.
1/78 26.
2/78 27.
3/78 19.
4/78 22.
1/79 10.
S04
3 NA
7 NA
6 4.815
9 2.012
1 1.362
5 2.034
4 2.270
1 2.821
2 .997
7 .440
0 4.018
4 2.140
NOs
NA
NA
.975
.602
1.034
1.498
.700
1.080
1.100
.492
1.135
1.090
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cr
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.007
.003
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.003 .
.004 .
.002 .
.002 .
NA .
NA .
NA .
NA .
Cu
021
018
Pb
.035
.026
023 .020
025
020
.021
.030
078 .021
040
092
041
032
035
050
.022
.014
.023
.017
.026
.010
Mn
.007
.008
.010
.011
.010
.009
.005
.010
.013
.008
.009
.005
Ni
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.001
.000
.002
.004
.001
.001
.000
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.298
119
.077
.151
.267
.285
.127
.219
.335
.128
.209
.002
'
Correlation Coefficients

TSP;_
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*™
Al
0.28
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
Cu
-0.06
0.43
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
"
Number of
Pb
0.02
0.03
0.17
1.00
-
-
-
-
—
Mn
0.93
0.22
-0.11
-0.05
1.00
-
-
-
~

-0
0
-0
0
-0
1



Observations -
- Burnham
Ni
.41 0
.06 0
.03 -0
.00 0
.16 0
.00 0
1
-
™ *
Burnham
Fe
.80 0
.62 -0
.02 -0
.06 0
.92 0
.44 -0
.00 -0
1
™

S04
.05
.09
.42
.04
.15
.24
.18
.00
—

N03
0.08
0.40
0.24
0.05
0.36
-0.10
0.40
0.00
1.00














TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
NQ3
TSP
171
-
-
-
-
-
Al
25
25
-
-
-
-
Cu
146
24
146
-
.
-
Pb
114
22
111
114
.
-
Mn
103
21
96
85
103
-



Ni
19 1
6
Fe
54
25
19 136



14 1
17
19
10
99
18
154
-
""
-
™
-
™
-
—
-
—


-
^
-
—
S04
50
21
46
37
33
13
48
50
"•
N0.3
50
21
46
37
33
13
48
50
50










            79
-------
         Chaco Canyon, New Mexico (SAROAD Site Number 321000011K03)

     This station is in the Chaco Canyon National  Monument about 89 km south-
east of the Four Corners power plant.   In a very isolated area,  with no paved
roads with a 40-km radius, the site is in a canyon with steep, bare-rock
sides.  The area is sandy with many bare-rock outcroppings and sparse vege-
tation.  A small visitor center and four homes for National Park Service
personnel are in the vicinity of the station.

    Operated by National Park Service personnel, the station is  equipped with
a single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical
power is available, and a 24-hour timer is installed for the convenience of
NPS personnel.

                        Seasonal Geometric Means
Date  TSP    S04   N03   Cd    Cr    Co    Cu    Pb
                                     Mn
                                    Ni
                                   Mo    Fe
2/76
3/76
4/76
1/77
2/77
3/77
4/77
1/78
2/78
3/78
4/78
1/79
55.8 NA
40.1 NA
33.5 NA
22.0 2.770
40.7 .845
33.0 2.040
30.9 2.074
11.5 2.139
43.3 1.305
41.0 536
19.0 3.018
9.5 1.650
NA
NA
NA
1.020
.763
1.160
.633
.452
.751
.651
.802
.497
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.003
.002
NA
NA
NA
NA
.005
.008
.006
.007
.008
.006
.006
.006
.006
.005
.005
.005
.050
.019
.025
.024
.027
.026
.024
.021
.026
.025
.027
.026
.020
.016
.014
.010
.015
.027
.024
.007
.039
.036
.013
.007
.000
.001
.000
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.002
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
.360
.371
.216
.152
.602
.360
.365
.054
.483
.449
.056
.029

                  Correlation Coefficients - Chaco Canyon
          TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
TSP
Al
Cu
PB
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.91
1.00
-
-
- •
-
.-
-
-
-0
-0
1






.08
.22
.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.32
0.65
-0.08
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
0.54
0.71
-0.24
0.44
1.00
-
-
-
-
0.03
0.01
-0.25
0.12
0.03
1.00
-
-
-
0.82
0.92
-0.14
0.27
0.59
0.04
1.00
-
-
0.15
0.09
0.04
0.12
-0.02
0.07
0.03
1.00
-
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
49
51
06
39
41
18
40
48
00
                                     80
-------
                  Number of Observations - Chaco Canyon
          TSP
                  Al
Cu
Pb
Mm
Ni
Fe
S04    N03
TSP 311
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03 -
108
108
-
-
-
-
-
-

52
6
52
-
_
-
-
-

221
87
42
221
-
-
-
-

230
92
37
181
230
-
-
-

39
26
5
26
34
39
-
-
"
282
100
52
208
227
37
282
-
"
153
83
21
116
108
32
134
153
"
153
83
21
116
108
32
134
153
153
         Dulce, New Mexico (SAROAD Site Number 320920003K03)

    This site is on the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation about 130 km
east of the Four Corners power plant, in an isolated area about 8 km south
of the town of Dulce (population 800).  The area is mountainous and forested.
There is some livestock grazing in the vicinity and the only road near the
station is dirt.

    Operated by a field employee of URL, the station is equipped with a single
single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical
power is available.

                         Seasonal Geometric Means
Date  TSP    S04   N03   Cd    Cr
                                     Co
                  Cu    Pb    Mn    Ni    Mo    Fe
1/76  13.7    NA    NA  .001  .004  .004
2/76  19.3    NA    NA  .001  .004  .003
3/76   9.0    NA    NA  .001  .003  .002
4/76  10.2    NA    NA  .001  .003  .002
1/77  15.3 2.182  .600  .001  .003  .002
2/77  20.7  .954  .578  .001  .003  .002
3/77  10.9 1.718  .629  .001  .004  .003
4/77  10.6 1.552  .300  .001  .004  .003
1/78   7.8 1.952  .397  .001  .003  .002
2/78  19.4 1.763  .610    NA    NA    NA
3/76  17.4  .737  .511    NA    NA    NA
4/78  10.4 2.077  .428    NA    NA    NA
1/79   9.0 2.937  .550    NA    NA
                                      NA
                 .020  .021   .006  .002  .001  .020
                 .023  .029  .008  .001  .001  .312
                 .019  .033  .005  ,001  .001  .096
                 .010  .029  .006  .000  .001  .041
                 .022  .018  .007  .000  .001  .081
                 .014  .025  .007  .001  .001  .143
                 .053  .023  .006  .001  .002  .038
                 .055  .022  .006  .001  .002  .068
                 .080  .021   .006  .001  .001  .012
                 .061  .022  .010  .001    NA  .136
                 .050  .020  .008  .001    NA  .090
                 .076  .028  .009  .001    NA  .014
                 .023  .029  .005  .000    NA  .009
                                     81
-------
                   Correlation Coefficients  -  Dulce
        TSP     AT      Cu     Pb     Mn      N1      Fe     S04
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
1.00 0.52
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
-0.
-0.
1.






12
15
00
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.05
0.40
0.06
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
0.40
0.66
-0.06
0.31
1.00
-
-
-
-
0.20
-0.36
0.02
0.00
0.16
1.00
-
-
-
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
1.


52
79
19
14
48
04
00
-
-
0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.

24
06
15
00
11
16
03
00
-
0.51
0.31
0.00
o.n
0.01
0.08
0.25
0.39
1.00

                    Number of Observations  - Dulce
        TSP     AT      Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni      Fe     S04    N03
TSP 423
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03 -
97
97
-
-
-
-
-
-
375
94
375
-
-
_
-
—
287
80
281
287
-
-
-
-
139
57
134
119
139
_
-
-
64
16
64
55
33
64
-
-
342
83
309
241
132
55
342
—
168
78
157
125
66
.27
129
168
167
78
156
124
66
27
128
167
167

      Huerfano, New Mexico (SAROAD Site Number 32100000K03)

  This station is on the Navajo Indian reservation about 48 km southeast
of the Four Corners power plant and 64 km southeast of the San Juan power
plant.  A trading post and tribal  building are nearby, with scattered
homes throughout the area.  A paved road leads to within 0.8 km of the
station.  The predominantly flat terrain of sandy soil supports a little
agricultural activity.  There are numerous oil and natural gas wells in
the area.

    Operated by a field employee of the URL, the station is equipped with
a single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.   Commercial electri-
cal power is available.
                                   82
-------
Seasonal Geometric Means
Date TSP
2/76 53.
3/76 36.
4/76 47.
1/77 49.
2/77 51 .
3/77 34.
4/77 34.
1/78 16.
2/78 42.
3/78 43.
4/78 22.
1/79 13.
S04
7 NA
5 NA
6 5.270
0 3.322
4 .362
4 1.981
5 2.688
9 2.917
6 2.328
9 1.311
3 3.512
6 1.971
N03
NA
NA
1.160
1.045
.624
1.092
.610
.605
.825
.855
.666
.762
Cd
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
.001 .
NA
NA
NA
NA
Correlation

TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
$04
N03
TSP
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
™
Al
0.74
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
••
Cu
0.00
0.11
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
™*
Number of
Cr
004
003
003
003
003
004
005
003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.003 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.003 .
.003 .
.002 .
NA .
NA .
NA .
NA .
Cu
028
040
057
039
050
079
080
067
035
129
031
016
Coefficients -
Pb
-0.01
0.29
0.20
1.00
-
-
-
-
™*
Mn
0.49
0.65
0.07
0.27
1.00
-
-
-
—
Observations

-0
-0
0
0
-0
1



Pb
.040
.022
.025
.022
.023
.034
.036
.020
.028
.032
.036
.016
Mh
.008
.011
.011
.012
.017
.017
.016
.009
.029
.022
.014
.007
NI
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
.002
.001
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.002
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.541
.287
.220
.409
.611
.421
.304
.113
.441
.323
.074
.043
Huerfano
Ni
.13
.05
.44
.08
.08
.00
-
-
~
Fe
0.65
0.89
0.18
0.10
0.68
0.00
1.00
-
—
S04
O.C8
0.17
0.03
0.22
0.01
-0.10
0.02
1.00
™
N03
0.36
0.19
0.15
0.19
0.29
-0.08
0.23
0.24
0.00










- Huerfano
__

TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
377
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Al
126
126
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
Cu
352
118
352
-
_
-
-
-
-
Pb
299
116
286
299
_
-
-
-
-
Mn
283
116
272
251
283
-
-
-
-










Ni
66
37
61
53
58
66
-
-
-
Fe
360
124
343
287
283
62
360
-
-
S04
174
103
159
154
138
47
161
174
-
N03
174
103
159
154
138
47
161
174
174










            83
-------
            Aneth, Utah (SAROAD Site Number 460960003K03)

     This station is on the Navajo Indian Reservation at the western border
of the Mountain Ute Indian Reservation about 80 km northwest of the Four
Corners power plant and 64 km northwest of the San Juan power plant, and near
the San Juan River.  A school and several homes are nearby.   The terrain
consists of rolling hills and mesas, the soil sandy and sparsely vegetated.
The road to the station is paved.  There is a concentration  of oil  wells in
the vicinity and livestock grazing is common.  The station,  operated by a
field employee of URL, is equipped with a single high volume air sampler and
a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical power is available.

                         Seasonal Geometric Means
Date
1/76
2/76
3/76
4/76
1/77
2/77
3/77
4/77
1/78
2/78
3/78
4/78
1/79
TSP S04
34.5 NA
34.4 NA
27.0 NA
30.2 NA
28.7 1.996
36.0 1.180
25.9 2.061
25.1 2.154
11.4 2.628
27.5 1.922
30.3 1.271
17.2 3.093
13.0 *747
NOs
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.228
.822
1.342
.949
.737
.924
1.048
1.039
.377
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cr
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.002
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.003
.002
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cu
.041
.021
.018
.016
.016
.016
.025
.035
.042
.033
.050
.037
.012
Pb
.027
.034
.027
.030
.031
.026
.023
.035
.029
.023
.030
.038
.032
Mn
.005
.006
.005
.009
.007
.-08
.009
.009
.006
.012
.012
.008
.007
Ni
.001
.000
.001
.001
.000
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.140
.113
.259
.101
.090
.201
.145
.171
.020
.182
.184
.042
.039

                     Correlation Coefficients - Aneth
TSP
TSP 1.00
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04 -
N03 -
Al
0.72
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
-0.11
0.28
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pb
-0.06
O.C8
0.21
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
0.67
0.80
0.03
-0.03
1.00
-
.
-
-
Ni
-0.
-0.
0.
0.
-0.
1.



14
19
10
10
11
00
-
-
-
Fe
0.
0.
0.
-0.
0.
-0.
1.


62
94
00
04
70
07
00
-
-
S04
0.10
0.08
0.19
0.28
^0.03
0.41
-0.05
1.00
-
N03
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
1.
23
33
13
32
15
06
21
57
00
                                     84
-------
                      Number of Observations - Anetn.
          TSP     Al     Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni     Fe     S04
TSP 445
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
135
135
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
389
128
389
-
-
-
-
-
~
324
122
307
324
-
-
-
-
~
212
88
200
183
212
-
-
-
•
46
24
45
42
37
46
_
-
~
400
129
357
299
208
42
400
-
•"
192
108
171
157
101
28
173
192
—
192
108
171
157
101
28
173
192
192
           Bloomington, Utah (SAROAD Site Number 461280001K03)

      This station is located near the Virgin River about 19 km west of the
proposed Warner Valley Power Project and 56 km southwest of Zion National
Park.  St. Goerge, Utah, is 8km north of the station which is situated in a
small irrigated fanning area surrounded by hills.  The soil is sandy and
sparsely vegetated.  The road to the station is paved, Interstate 15 passing
within 4.8 km.  Operated by a field operator employed by URL, the station is
equipped with a single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commer-
cial electrical power is available.

                         Seasonal Geometric Means

Date  TSP    S04   NOlCd    Cr    Co    Cu    Pb    Mn    Ni    Mo    Fe~

1/76  26.0    NANA  .001  .004  .003  .0$6  .019  .006  .001  ^001^080*
2/76  31.9    NA    NA  .001  .004  .003  .057  .045  .009  .001  .001  .427
3/76  30.2    NA    NA  .001  .005  .002  .082  .030  .009  .002  .001  .399
4/76  24.5 1.800  .410  .001  .003  .002  .066  .038  .008  .000  .001  .084
1/77  19.3    NA    NA  .001  .003  .002  .063  .032  .007  .001  .001  .076
2/77  29.6 2.125 1.326  .001  .003  .002  .046  .024  .008  .001  .001  .143
3/77  26.4 4.408 1.549  .001  .004  .002  .191  .040  .008  .001  .002  .198
4/77  25.7 1.721  .865  .001  .004  .002  .119  .045  .008  .001  .002  .181
1/78  73.0 1.261  .656  .001  .003  .002  .124  .026  .005  .001  .001  .024
2/78  26.0 1.722  .935  .001  .003  .002  .101  .030  .013  .001  .001  .198
3/78  28.9 1.307 1.091    NA    NA    NA  .052  .042  .010  .001    NA  .149
4/78  19.1 2.002  .929    NA    NA    NA  .056  .044  .008  .001    NA  .048
1/79  11.3 1.653  .658    NA    NA    NA  .133  .022  .005  .000    NA  .022
                                     85
-------
                  Correlation Coefficients - Bloomington
          TSP     Al     Cu     Pb     Mn     N1     Fe     S04    NO 3
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
0.78
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-0.10
-0.08
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
~
0.12
0.01
0.16
1.00
-
-
-
-
—
0.49
0.66
-0.06
0.14
1.00
-
-
-
-•
-0.14
0.54
0.16
-0.05
-0.01
1.00
-
-
-
0.53
0.83
0.05
0.13
0.36
0.09
1.00
-
-
0.44
o.n
-0.09
0.23
0.19
-0.36
0.33
1.00
-
0.32
0.23
0.06
0.23
0.22
-0.02
0.14
0.49
1.00

                   Number of Observations - Bloomington
          TSP     Al     Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni     Fe     S04    N03
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
402
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
99
99
-
-
-
-
-
-
™
389
98
389
-
-
-
-
-
—
340
91
334
340
-
-
-
-
—
201
65
199
190
201
-
-
-
~
58
15
57
54
38
58
_
-
—
363
91
355
314
199
52
363
-
••
160
82
155
140
77
25
142
160
—
160
82
155
140
77
25
142
160
160

            Escalante, Utah (SAROAD Site Number 460300002K03)

     This station is about 97 km north of the Navajo Generating Station, 86
km west of the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, 48 km east of Bryce
Canyon National Park and about 50 km north of the proposed Kaiparowits
Plateau development.  It is in a small irrigated farming area about 3.2 km
south of Escalante (population 1,000).  Areas to the north are forested but
to the south are large rock mesas rising from sandy, sparsely vegetated sot!.
The road to the station is dirt.  Operated by a field employee of URL, tfTe
station is equipped with a single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.
Commercial electrical power is available.
                                     86
-------
Seasonal Geometric Means

Date TSP
1/76 51.
2/76 78.
3/76 53.
4/76 59.
1/77 55.
2/77 85.
3/77 42.
4/77 42.
1/78 18.
2/78 46.
3/78 38.
4/78 17.
1/79 12.

9
5
3
0 .
2 .
7 .
6 1.
3 1.
8 1.
3 1.
0 1.
7 2.
8 1.
S04
NA
NA
NA
176
084
860
625
358
389
355
178
000
487
N03
NA
NA
NA
.887
.343
.577
.846
.418
.363
.593
.640
.340
.597
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cr
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.005
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.004 .
.003 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.003 . .
.003 .
.002 .
NA .
NA .
NA .
NA .
Cu
045 .
042 .
044 .
056 .
031 .
035 .
080 .
112 .
101 .
099 .
095 .
061 .
Oil .
Pb Mn
023 .007
037 .010
022 .010
021 .012
020 .015
025 .011
031 .012
026 .011
026 .006
021 .015
022 .011
031 .008
050 .006
Ni
.002
.001
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
Mo
.001
.002
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.003
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.128
.469
.242
.323
.275
.352
.232
.188
.043
.311
.164
.013
.058

Correlation Coefficients
- Escalante


TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
TSP

1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
"*








Al
0.75
1.00
-
' -
-
-
-
-
"•
Cu
-0.04
0.22
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
—
Pb
0.00
-0.12
0.04
1.00
-
-
-
-
—
Mn
0.53
0.71
0.02
0.11
1.00
-
_
-
*"
Ni
-0.13
-0.28
0.11
0.17
-0.18
1.00
-
-
"•
Fe
0.53
0.84
0.04
0.01
0.72
-0.23
1.00
-
~
S04
0.04
-0.07
-0.08
-0.05
0.00
-0.07
0.02
1.00
••
N03
0.29
0.02
0.06
0.14
0.18
-0.20
0.25
0.40
1.00











Number of
Observations
- Escalante


TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni .
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
409
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-










Al
106
106
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
394
105
394
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pb
290
87
287
290
-.
-
-
-
-
Mn
266
83
256
204
266
-
-
-
-
Ni
70
25
67
62
56
70
-
-
-
Fe
367
99
356
269
256
64
367
-
-
S04
175
88
170
134
111
40
150
175
-
NOa
175
87
170
134
112
40
150
173
175










            87
-------
            Glen Canyon, Utah (SAROAD Site Number 460400003K03)

      This station is located just outside the Glen Ganyon National Recrea-
tion area about 32 km northwest of the Navajo Generating Station, 32 km south
of the proposed Kaiparowits Plateau development, and 80 km southeast of Bryce
Canyon National Park.  Three homes are near the station which is accessible
by dirt road from U.S.  89 about 0.8 km away.  The hilly, sandy soil supports
sparse vegetation.  Operated by a field employee of URL, the station ts
equipped with a single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commer-
cial electrical power is available.

                         Seasonal Geometric Means

Date TSP
4/76 16.3
1/77 17.0
2/77 22.1
3/77 18.4
4/77 15.2
1/78 9.0
2/78 14.7
3/78 22.2
4/78 14.1
1/79 16.3
S04
NA
1.187
.330
1.908
1.766
1.590
1.428
.605
2.697
2.296
NOs
NA
.636
.668
1.408
.706
.467
.852
.703
.877
.636
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Correlation
Cr
.003
.003
.003
.004
.005
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.003 .
.003 .
.002 .
NA .
NA .
NA .
NA .
Cu
009
009
010
010
002
007
008
007
006
012
Coefficients -
Pb
.025
.025
.024
.022
.031
.022
.023
.031
.034
.013
Mn
.007
.006
.007
.007
.007
.006
.010
.010
.009
.006
Ni
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.081
.066
.123
.133
.135
.029
.127
.117
.029
.057
Glen Canyon

TSP
TSP 1
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
Al
0.63
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
Cu
-0.02
0.19
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
—
Pb
0.07
0.06
0.21
1.00
•
-
-
-
—
Mn
0.44
0.70
-0.01
0.06
1.00
_
-
-
-

-0
-0
-0
-0
0
1



Ni
Fe
.26 0.59
.26 0
.21 0
.03 0
.16 0
.00 -0
1
-
—
.86
.07
.00
.70
.29
.00
-
-
S04
0.25
0.07
-0.17
0.13
0.02
-0.09
0.10
1.00
•
N03
0.47
0.31
-0.05
0.26
0.12
-0.16
0.25
0.48
1.00










-------
                   Number of Observations - Glen Canyon
          TSP     Al     Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni     Fe     S04    N03
TSP
Al
Cu
PB
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
345
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
™
141
141
-
-
-
-
-
-
••
162
48
162
-
-
-
-
-
—
272
129
142
272
-
-
- .
-
~
148
88
76
136
148
-
-
-
~
42
28
21
38
24
42
-
-
—
299
124
156
242
142
38
299
-
—
195
118
79
166
93
32
161
195
~
194
118
78
165
93
32
160
194
194

           Henrievilie, Utah (SAROAD Site Number 460300003K03)

     This station as about 48 km northwest of the proposed Kaiparowits Pla-
teau development, 16 km east of Bryce CAnyon National  Park, and about 1.6 km
south of Henrieville (population 200).   The hilly terrain has good ground
cover where it is farmed and to the north and west where it is heavily
forested.  To the south and east, vegetation is sparse.   The road to the
station is dirt.  Operated by a field employee of URL, the station is
equipped for various sampling activities and includes  a  high volume air
sampler, a two-stage high volume air sampler (for size-range separation of
particulates), and a three-stage, multiday, cascade impactor (for size
separation of particulates into three size ranges).  Commercial  electrical
power is available.

                         Seasonal Geometric Means

Date  TSP    SfyNOs   Cd    Cr    Co    Cu    Pb   Mn    Ni     Mo    Fe"
1/76
2/76
3/76
4/76
1/77
2/77
3/77
4/77
1/78
2/78
3/78
4/78
1/79
31.2 NA
34.5 NA
84.2 NA
54.7 1.510
31.4 NA
66.4 2.028
41.1 2.510
15.2 1.545
7.3 1.414
18.0 1.467
22.0 1.108
11.4 1.757
6.4 1.431
NA
NA
NA
.630
NA
.757
.911
.331
.363
.538.
.550
.355
.395
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.005
.004
.003
.003
NA
NA
NA
.004
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
NA
NA
NA
.037
.025
.042
.022
.026
.020
.018
.014
.007
.008
.006
.005
.006
.022
.035
.020
.028
.024
.028
.029
.022
.025
.025
.023
.028
.019
.006
.007
.012
.008
/009
/009
/010
/006
.007
.010
.008
.006
.005
.001
.000
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
,001
NA
NA
NA
.112
.286
.565
.168
.177
.276
.238
.095
.020
.106
.077
.015
.007
                                     89
-------
                   Correlation Coefficients - Henrievilie
          TSP     Al     Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni     Fe     S04    N03
TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
1.00 0.52
1.00
-
-
_
-
• -
-
— —
0.
0.
1.






26
06
00
-
-
-
-
-
—
0.03
-0.02
0.00
1.00
-
-
-
-
^
0.39
0.54
0.16
0.04
1.00
-
-
-
~
0.14
-0.20
-0.35
0.08
0.11
1.00
-
-
—
0.55
0.70
0.34
0.12
0.62
0.06
1.00
-
M
0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
0.
1.

38
01
05
14
17
23
24
00
*•
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
1.
46
19
01
27
22
n
24
56
00

                   Number of Observations - Henrievilie
          TSP     Al     Cu     Pb     Mn     Ni     Fe     $04    N03
TSP 417
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03 -
112
112
-
-
-
-•
-
-
—
237
19
237
-
-
-
-
-
—
275
83
167
275
-
.
-
-
—
186
57
127
154
186
-
-
-
"
46
17
20
35
30
46
-
-
—
352
98
229
239
177
39
352
-
"*
194
94
51
127
73
30
136
194
~
194
94
51
127
73
30
136
194
194

        Huntington Canyon #1, Utah (SAROAD Site Number 460280001Ko3)

     This station is about 6.4 km west of the Huntington power plant, both
of which are located at the bottom of the canyon, enclosed by steep, rocky
walls.  Vegetation is moderate.  The road up the canyon is paved.  Operated
by a field employee of URL, the station is equipped with a singl high volume
air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical power is available.

	Seasonal Geometric Means	

Date  TSP    S04   N03   Cd    Cr    Co    Cu    Pb    Mn    Ni    Mo    Fe"
2/77  22.1  .890  .536  .001  .003  .002  .010  .033  .007  .001  .001  .153
3/77  22.9 2.423  .746  .001  .004  .003  .029  .041  .007  .001  .001  .131
4/77  17.0 2.163  .455  .001  .004  .003  .027  .022  .005  .001  .001  .111
1/78  12.9 4.250 1.220  .001  .003  .002  .007  .026  .005  .001  .001  .031
2/78  18.3 1.740  .651    NA    NA    NA  .006  .026  .007  .001    NA  .112
3/78  22.0 1.106  .627    NA    NA    NA  .006  .037  .008  .001    NA  .080
4/78  18.1 3.071  .745    NA    NA    NA  .006  .041  .006  .001    NA  .033
1/79  17.9 5.213 1.950    NA    NA    NA  .005  .020  .005  .000    NA  .025


                                     90
-------
              Correlation Coefficients - Huntington Canyon #1
          TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
N1
Fe     S04    N03
TSP
Al
Cu
PB
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-

"
0.44
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-

-0.
-0.
1.






03
43
00
-
-
-
-
-
"
0.30
0.16
0.11
1.00
-
-
-
-
"
0.14
0.33
0.08
0.34
1.00
-
-
-
"
-0:07
-0.39
0.35
-0.31
-9.98
1.00
-
-
""
0.60
0.69
-0.07
0.14
0.32
0.50
1.00
-
"
0.17
0.09
-0.09
0.17
0.24
-0.03
0.06
1.00
M
0.
0.
-0.
0.
-0.
-0.
0.
0.
1.
28
35
05
23
02
18
10
46
00
               Number of Observations - Huntington Canyon #1
          TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe     S04    N03
TSP 209
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
NOs
90
90
-
-
-
-
-
-
™
76
7
76
-
-
-
-
-
—
168
79
66
168
-
-
-
-
—
63
36
26
58
63
-
-
-
—
23
12
9
22
9
23
-
-
"
185
84
74
152
63
19
185
-
—
135
70
34
no
37
13
118
135
^
134
69
33
109
37
13
117
134
134

         Huntington Canyon # 2, Utah (SAROAD Site Number 460280003K03)

      This station is located near the mouth of the canyon containing the
Huntington power plant, about 6.4 km from the power plant and 4.8 km east of
Huntington.  The land adjacent to the station is farmed, but the surrounding
areas are only sparsely vegetated.  The road to the station is paved.  The
station, operated by a field employee of URL, is equipped with a single high
volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial power is available.

                         Seasonal Geometric Means
Date
2/77
3/77
4/77
1/78
2/78
3/78
4/78
TSP $04
25.9 2.057
25.5 2.589
20.9 2.547
15.1 3.847
19.4 2.240
23.0 .602
28.4 3.724
N03
.723
1.025
.751
1.886
.834
.637
1.361
CD
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
Cr
.003
.004
.006
.003
NA
NA
NA
Co
.002
.003
.003
.002
NA
NA
NA
Cu
.017
.027
.065
.026
.030
.040
.023
Pb
.027
.042
.048
.047
.037
.040
.023
Mn
.007
.007
.007
.005
.008
.008
.008
Ni
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.001
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.171
.228
.231
.044
.170
.137
.148
                                    91
-------
              Correlation Coefficients - Huntington Canyon #2
          TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
TSP
Al
Cu
PB
Mn
Mi
Fe
S04
N03
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.50
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.07
0.17
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.28
0.21
0.40
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
0.11
0.18
0.57
0.40
1.00
-
-
-
-
-0.
-0.
0.
-0.
0.
1.



16
08
74
31
67
00
_
-
-
0.47
0.72
0.23
0.18
0.29
0.03
1.00
-
-
0.18
-0.03
0.04
0.19
0.26
-0.12
-0.06
1.00
-
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
-0.
-0.
0.
1.
24
24
12
25
00
10
12
52
00

                Number of Observations - Huntington Canyon #2
          TSP
 Al    Cu
       Pb
       Mn
       Ni
       Fe
S04    N03
TSP 171
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
72
72
-
-
-
-
-
-

159
66
159
-
-
-
-
-

161
69
153
161
-
-
-
-

71
40
70
70
71
-
-
-

20
8
20
19
10
20
-
-

165
71
154
157
71
19
165
-

108
53
99
100
43
14
104
108

108
53
99
100
43
14
104
108
108

         Navajo Mountain, Utah (SAROAD Site Number 460960001K03)

      This station is on the Navajo Indian Reservation near the Rainbow
Bridge National Monument, about 64 km east of the Navajo Generating Station
and 80 km southeast of the proposed Kaiparowits Plateau development.  It is
an extremely remote and isolated area, with mountainous terrain to the west
and Lake Powell to the west and north and many rough, steep-walled canyons
in the area.  The soil is sandy.  The nearest paved road is 56 km from the
station.  Operated by a field employee of URL, the station is equipped with
a single high volume air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical
power is available.
                                     92
-------
                         Seasonal Geometric Means

Date TSP
1/77 30.
2/77 41 .
3/77 27.
4/77 32.
1/78 7.
2/78 24.
3/78 28.
4/78 19.
1/79 6.
S04
7 1.826
1 .822
4 2.170
5 3.490
4 1.543
1 1.050
6 .545
6 3.364
8 1.697
NOs
.692
.843
1.343
1.662
.420
.725
.645
.615
.552
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cr
.003
.003
.004
.004
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.002 .
.002 .
.003 .
.003 .
.002 .
NA .
NA .
NA .
NA .
Cu
025 .
015 .
019 .
049 .
066 .
049 .
Til .
121 .
012 .
Pb Mn
025 .006
034 .009
022 .009
022 .011
021 .005
019 .016
022 .012
025 .009
040 .005
Ni
.000
.001
.001
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
.000
Mo
.001
.001
.003
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.144
.192
.145
.149
.010
.185
.128
.077
.014

Correlation

TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
N1
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Al
0.87
1.00
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
-0.02
0.04
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
Coefficients -
Pb
0.04
0.14
0.12
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
0.57
0.91
-0.06
0.03
1.00
-
-
-
-
Navajo Mountain
Ni
0.07
0.02
-0.01
0.36
0.06
1.00
-
-
-
Fe
0.57
0.85
-0.05
-0.06
0.80
-0.03
1.00
-
-
S04
0.19
-0.03
0.13
0.23
-0.10
0.56
-0.06
1.00

N03
o.3r
0.20
-0.02
0.26
0.04
0.28
0.13
0.66
1.00











Number of
Observations -
Navajo Mountain


TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
504
N03
TSP
287
-
-
-
•
-
-
-
~
Al
136
136
-
-
-
-
-
-
™*
Cu
262
131
262
.
-
-
-
-
•
Pb
191
106
185
191
-
-
-
-
—
Mn
161
95
155
127
161
-
-
-
—
Ni
34
23
34
27
29
34
-
-
—
Fe
243
121
223
164
159
32
243
-
—
S04
193
109
176
129
103
26
154
193
••
N03
193
109
176
129
103
26
154
193
193










•
               Oljato, Utah (SAROAD Site Number 460960002K03)

      This station is in Monument Valley on the Navajo Indian Reservation,
about 105 km east of the Navajo Generating Station and 136 km west of the
Four Corners power plant.  Massive, rocky mesas and plateaus rear above the
typically flat terrain.  The soil is sand with sparse vegetation.  U.S.
Highway 163 is 0.8 km from the station.   Operated by a field employee of URL,

                                     93
-------
the station is equipped with a single high volume air sampler and a flow
recorder.   Commercial  electrical  power is available.

                         Seasonal Geometric Means

Date
1/76
2/76
3/76
4/76
1/77
2/77
3/77
4/77
1/78
2/78
3/78
4/78
1/79
TSP
34.3
38.2
19.7
21.3
21.7
34.6
25.5
19.1
9.0
16.2
19.9
16.1
3.6
S04
NA
NA
NA
3.483
1.029
.667
2.299
2.325
2.306
.529
.842
3.338
2.810
N03
NA
NA
NA
2.185
.967
.724
1.233
1.035
.684
.542
.773
.784
.960
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cr
.004
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.005
.006
.003
NA
NA
NA
NA
Co
.003
.003
.002
.002
.002
.002
.003
.004
.002
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cu
.034 .
.031 .
.029 .
.040 .
.025 .
.031 .
.105 .
.141 .
.091 .
.054 .
.054 .
.121 .
.030 .
Pb Mn
022 .005
028 .005
019 .007
028 .006
025 .008
025 .009
026 .008
025 .007
018 .006
022 .010
023 .010
033 .007
040 .005
Ni
.002
.001
.000
.000
.001
.001
.001
.000
.000
.001
.001
.001
.000
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
.002
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.042
.235
.158
.153
.184
.024
.125
.121
.024
.119
.082
.018
.002
-
Correlation Coefficients -
Oljato















TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
1.00
-
-
-
-
Al
0.58
1.00
-
-
-
Cu
-0.06
0.10
1.00
-
-
Pb
0.02
0.30
0.26
1.00
-
Mn
0.28
0.64
-0.11
-0.11
1.00
Ni
0.05
0.35
-0.15
-0.07
0.46
Fe
0.32
0.71
0.00
-0.14
0.65
	 1.00 0.27
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.00
-
-
S04
0.10
0.17
0.30
0.36
-0.24
-0.14
-0.09
1.00
-
N03
0.12
0.45
0.19
0.38
-0.18
-0.30
-0.08
0.51
1.00















Number
of Observations - Oljato












TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
504
N03
TSP
354
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Al
77
77
_
.
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
325
74
325
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pb
240
59
235
240
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
155
45
144
121
155
-
-
-
-
Ni
38
10
37
32
21
38
-
-
-
Fe
313
63
288
213
155
31
313
-
-
S04
119
61
112
86
49
13
99
119
-
N03
119
61
112
86
49
13
99
119
119










                                     94
-------
            St. George, Utah (SAROAD Site Number 461280002K03)

      This station is located on the top of a mesa about 6.4 km southeast of
St. George (population about 6,000), 6.4 km west of the proposed Warner Valley
power project and 40 km southwest of Zion National Park.  The top of the mesa
is sandy soil with sparse vegetation.  There are no homes or other buildings
within 3.2 km of the station.  The road to the station is paved.  Operated
by a field employee of URL, the station is equipped with a single high volume
air sampler and a flow recorder.  Commercial electrical power is available.

                         Seasonal Geometric Means

Date TSP
3/76 28.2
4/76 16.6
1/77 16.4
2/77 27.7
3/77 23.0
4/77 37.8
1/78 6.3
2/78 25.6
3/78 34.4
4/78 16.2
1/79 9.6
2/79 20.1
S04
NA
.240
.680
2.002
1.962-
1.534
1.114
1.603
1.610
1.976
1.574
2.337
N03
NA
1.009
.564
1.527
1.711
.830
.665
1.021
1.345
.995
.814
.761
Cd
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cr
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.005
.003
.003
NA
,,NA
NA
NA
Co
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.002 .
.003 .
.002 .
.002 .
NA .
NA .
NA .
NA .
Cu
025
021
013
012
010
016
012
008
008
014
021
044
Pb
.013
.027
.026
.029
.038
.030
.020
.028
.030
.027
.025
.017
Mn
.010
.008
.007
.008
.008
.008
.005
.013
.013
.007
.006
.006
Ni
.003
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
Mo
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.002
.001
.001
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fe
.264
.094
.059
.183
.121
.162
.016
.188
.244
.049
.014
.067

Correlation
Coefficients -
St. George

TSP
TSP 1
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
Ni
Fe
S04
N03
.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Al
0.86
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
0.08
-0.08
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pb
0.19
0.33
0.10
1.00
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
0.78
0.82
-0.09
0.11
1.00
-
-
-
-

0
-0
0
-0
0
1



Ni
.04 0
.11 0
.30 0
.06 0
.09 0
.00 0
1
-
-
Fe
.65
.95
.07
.30
.60
.11
.00
-
-
S04
0.31
0.00
0.20
0.15
0.05
0.14
0.07
1.00
-
N03
0.46
0.28
-0.02
0.50
0.27
0.14
0.29
0.52
1.00










                                     95
-------
Number of Observations - St.  George


TSP
Al
Cu
Pb
Mn
N1
Fe
S04
N03
TSP
358
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Al
139
139
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cu
251
95
251
-
-
• -
-
-
-
Pb
266
118
201
266
-
-
-
-
-
Mn
185
84
133
158
185
-
-
-
-
Ml
56
28
44
44
31
56
-
-
-
Fe
310
126
220
241
181
52
310
-
-
S04
204
119
142
159
102
44
171
204
-
N03
205
120
143
160
103
44
172
203
205
                 96
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
4. T.TLE AND SUBTITLE ^ ^^ ^ ^Q^JQ^^Q
7'AUTHORM.J. Pearson, M. Pitchford and R.N. Snelling
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency— Las Vegas, NV
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE635C
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/07
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        This report presents data on mean seasonal  total  suspended participates (TSP),
        sulfates, nitrates and elemental concentrations  collected  by a 28-station,
        high volume sampler network operated over a 3-year period  in the Four Corners
        area of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and Colorado.   Estimates of data quality
        are made based on results of an external quality assurance audit program.

        TSP values generally range from 10 to 50 micrograms per cubic meter and the
        sulfate/nitrate concentrations are generally less than  3 micrograms per cubic
        meter.  All the data collected in this program are available in the U.S.
        Environmental Protection Agency's SAROAD (Storage and Retrieval of Acrometric
        Data) data system.
17.
a.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ~~
DESCRIPTORS
Energy development
Air pollution
Energy studies
Sulfates
Nitrates
18.
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Four Corners
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Development Area
Total Suspended Parti -
culates
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
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20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
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c. COSATI Field/Group
48C
68A
97G
B9A
21. NO. OF PAGES
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-------