EPA-650/2-73-026
REMOTE SENSING
OF
AIR POLLUTION
IN URBAN AREAS
by
M. L. Streiff and C. B. Ludwig
General Dynamics
Convair Aerospace Division
P.O. Box 1128
San Diego, California 92112
Contract Number 68-02-0020
Program Element No. 1A1010
EPA Project Officer: William F. Herget
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
Prepared for
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Washington, D. C. 20460
August 1973
-------
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency and
approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents
necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement
or recommendation for use.
11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
LIST OF FIGURES iv
LIST OF TABLES vi
SUMMARY vii
1 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2 ANALYSIS OF MOLECULAR SPECTRA 2-1
2. 1 THE CONCEPT OF EQUIVALENT WIDTH - 2-1
LABORATORY PROCEDURE
2.2 SPECTRA OF POLLUTANTS AND ABSORPTION 2-11
COEFFICIENTS
3 PERFORMANCE OF THE ROSE SYSTEM 3-1
3.1 GENERAL 3-1
3.2 SYSTEM NOISE 3-2
3.3 SCINTILLATION NOISE 3-3
3.4 SIGNAL STRENGTH 3-5
4 LONG-PATH TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENTS 4-1
4.1 ONE MILE MEASUREMENTS 4-1
4.2 TWO MILE MEASUREMENTS 4-15
5 EMISSION MEASUREMENTS 5-1
5.1 STEEL MILL 5-1
5.2 POWER STATION 5-5
5.3 HOSPITAL INCINERATOR 5-5
ill
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
6 TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENTS OF EXTENDED 6-1
SOURCES
7 SUPPORTING LABORATORY DATA 7-1
7.1 DETECTOR, NOEE MEASUREMENTS 7-1
7.2 MONOCHROMATOR CALIBRATION - 7-6
TEMP. EFFECT
8 RECOMMENDATIONS 8-1
9 REFERENCES 9-1
APPENDIX
I REPORT TM 6-125 Ph-336 A-0
II MOLECULAR SPECTRA TABLES A-49
IV
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
2-1 True Spectral Line Shape 2-3
2-2 Observed Line Shape Assuming a Triangular Slit Function 2-3
2-3 Collision Broadened Curves of Growth for Various 2-7
Intensity Distributions
3-1 Relative Signals from Source and Reference Channels - 3-6
One Mile Path
3-2 Calculated System Transmission 3-7
3-3 Calculated Transmission Resulting from Aberrations 3-8
4-1 7 to 13 p, Scan with One Mile Path, Av = 5 cm"1 4-2
-1 -1
4-2 Noise at 1000 cm with One Mile Path, AV = 5 cm 4-3
4-3 7 to 13 M, Scan with One Mile Path, A\JI()= 1 cm~ 4-4
4-4 Noise at 1000 cm with One Mile Path, AM = 1cm 4-5
4-5 7tol3|j,I/I Scan with One Mile Path A v,= 5 cm" 4-6
o i
4-6 3 to 5u. Scan with One Mile Path, A\>.« 6 cm" 4-8
4-7 Noise at 2500 cm with One Mile Path, Lv^m 6 cm" 4-9
4-8 3 to 5 p, I/I Scan with One Mile Path, A v4"6 cm" 4-10
4-9 Volz Photometer Calibration and Typical Aerosol Optical 4-12
Thickness Variation in San Diego, California
4-10 Volz Photometer Measurements 4-13
4-11 Noise at 2500 cm with Two Mile Path, A\j = 3 cm" 4-15
-1
4-12 8 to 13 n Scan with Two Mile Path, Av «• 1 cm 4-16
4-13 Ozone Concentration with Time - July 28, 1972 4-18
4-14 3 to 5 n Scan with Two Mile Path, Ays 3 cm" 4-19
4 -i
4-} 5 Digitized Spectrum of CO Band, Av~ 1.8 cm 4-20
5-1 Sky Background 5-2
5-2 Coke Oven Plume Emission 5-2
5-3 Difference (Plume - Sky) 5-2
5-4 Stack Emission - Steel Mill, Av. = 9 cm" 5-4
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
5-5 Plume, Sky and Stack Scans Power Station Stack 5-6
#3, Av » 3 cm
5-6 Difference Spectrum (Plume - Sky) Power Plant 5-7
Stack f3
5-7 Plume Scan, 3 - 5p,, Power Plant Stack #3 5-8
5-8 Variations in Plume Emission - Power Plant Stack #3 5-9
i
5-9 Variations of Hospital Incinerator Emission, v=2390 cm 5-11
5-10 Comparison of Two Scans, 3 to 5n, Hospital Incinerator 5-12
6-1 Comparison of CO Spectra with A \>=* 4.4 cm and 6-2
1.3 cm"1
6-2 CO Spectrum at Refinery, Av« 1.3 cm 6-3
6-3 3 to 5 p, Scan at Refinery, A-j m 1.4 cm" 6-5
••I
6-4 Comparison of Spectra Near 3000 cm 6-6
6-5 7 - 13 n Scan at Refinery ANJ, Q = 0.65 cm~ 6-7
7-1 Waveanalyzer Measurements of Detector Noise 7-2
7-2 Analog Measurements of Noise 7-5
7-3 Divider Box Schematic 7-9
VI
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
Ai-1
Ar2
A. 3
A. 4
Af&
A. 6
A. 7
A. 8
A. 9
A. 10
A, 11
A. 12
A. 13
A. 14
A. 13
A. 16
A. 17
A. 18
Band Strengths and Band-Averaged Absorption
Coefficients and Fine Structure Parameters of
Pollutants
-1
Band Model Parameters for CO in 5 and 20 cm
Intervals
-1
Band Model Parameters for CO in 5 and 20 cm
Intervals
-1
Band Model Parameters for SOy in 5 and 20 cm
Intervals
Band Model Parameters for NOn in 5 and 20 cm
2
Intervals
-1
Band Model Parameters for NO in 5 and 20 cm
Intervals
Band Model Parameters for NO in 5 and 20 cm
Intervals
-1
Band Model Parameters for NH in 5 and 20 cm
3
Intervals
Band Model Parameters for HCHO in 5 and 20 cm
Intervals
Band Model Parameters for HO in 5 and 20 cm
Intervals
Band Strengths and Fine Structure Parameters of
Pollutants not Included in Table D-3
Absorption Coefficients for HC1
Absorption Coefficients for HF
Absorption Coefficients for CH
Absorption Coefficients for C2H
Absorption Coefficients for PAN
C..EL Benzene
D O
18-O0 - Ozone
Page
A-49
A-50
A-52
A-56
A-58
A-60
A-61
A-65
A-69
A-71
A-79
A-80
A-81
A-82
A-83
A-84
A-85
A-85
Vll
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SUMMARY
Remote sensing of air pollution was made using a scanning spectrometer (ROSE
system) and a Michelson interferometer. Both systems were used for transmission
measurements over nominal path lengths of 1 and 2 miles and for stack emission
measurements. A comparison shows that tiie spectra of both instruments are of
the same quality. The greater throughput and multiplex advantage of the inter-
ferometer system manifests itself in the shorter time required to take the spectra,
(typically, 10 sec versus 1200 sec). This time advantage is partly lost when the
effort is considered which is required to reduce the interferograms to spectra by
a computer. However, when an on-the-line computer is available, this effort would
be greatly reduced.
In addition to the above measurements, the ROSE system alone was used to
measure the pollution from an extended source (oil refinery) over a path length of
1/4 mile.
All of the spectra were analyzed and a number of pollutants were identified.
In the transmission measurements, the ozone and carbon monoxide concentrations
as a function of time were determined. The presence of other pollutants such as
nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and several hydrocarbons is indicated. A more
definite identification and determination of concentration can be made, when a
computer analysis procedure is operational. In the stack emission measurements,
pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and many hydrocarbons were
identified.
Transmission spectra taken during hot days were influenced by scintillation
noise, but much less than anticipated. Typically, a signal-to-peak-to-peak-noise
ratio of 26 observed during a test at night is reduced to about 9 during a test on a
hot day. Also, signal fluctuations during stack emission measurements were less
than anticipated. However, this holds true only when the field-of-view is smaller
Vlll
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than the plume.
The field ruggedness and operational performance of the ROSE system was
demonstrated by these tests to be satisfactory. A number of problems which did
arise during the course of the testing were corrected either during or after the
test period.
IX
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1
INTRODUCTION
Remote sensing of air pollution in the Los Angeles area with the "Remote Optical
Sensing of Emission (ROSE)" system is described. The work was conducted in
June, July and October 1971, under contract 68-02-0020 with the Environmental
Protection Agency. A portion of the study was supported by the General Dynamics
Electro Dynamic Division (Pomona); the results of this portion of the study are
reported in TM 6-125 Ph-336 which is reproduced in the Appendix of this report.
A complete description of the ROSE system is presented in report EPA-R2-
72-052 (GDC-DBE-72-001) along with a description of preliminary field tests made
in San Diego over a path length of about 1/4 mile on June 23 and 24, 1971.
The analysis of molecular spectra is set forth in Section 2 of this report.
The performance of the ROSE system under field conditions is discussed in
Section 3 of this report.
Transmission measurements are reported in Section 4 of this report. These
tests were made, with a nominal one-mile path length, from June 29 to July 2, 1971,
and, with a nominal two-mile path length, from July 27 to 29, 1971.
Emission tests were made of sources at three locations on successive days
from July 13 to 15, 1971 inclusive: a steel mill, a power plant and a hospital
incinerator. The results of these tests are reported in Section 5 of this report.
Extended source transmission measurements at an oil refinery location were
made on October 20 and 21, 1971 with a path length of approximately 1/4 mile.
The results of these tests are given in Section 6 of this report.
Supporting laboratory work is described in Section 7 of this report.
The program leader for these tests was Dr. C. B. Ludwig assisted by Dr.
M. Griggs; they were responsible for test planning (together with government project
officers), conduction of the field tests and report preparation until their departure
from the company in mid-1972. M. L. Streiff assisted by C. R. Claysmith was
1-1
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responsible for equipment operation and modifications during and after the field
tests. Mr. Streiff had principal responsibility for completion of the field test
report. Mr. G. W. Ashley was in charge of the Pomona interferometer activities.
The government project officers were Mr. John S. Nader and Dr. William
F. Herget. They were assisted by Dr. H. M. Barnes and Mr. R. Rollins during
the field tests.
1-2
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ANALYSIS OF MOLECULAR SPECTRA
2.1 THE CONCEPT OF EQUIVALENT WIDTH - LABORATORY PROCEDURE
The remote sensing of pollutants is presently done with scanning instruments
which have a spectra] resolution from 1 cm to several wave numbers. In the
case of diatomic and light polyatomic molecules, single lines can be observed
with a spectral resolution of 0.1 cm . In the case of heavier polyatomic molecules
and of lower spectral resolution, a number of lines will be observed simultaneously.
Thus, for the interpretation of measured spectra in terms of pollutant concentration,
spectral parameters have to be known botli For the single line and multiple line
cases.
2.1.1 Single Line with Lorentz Shape
The total absorption over a wavenumber interval A w containing the entire line is
given by the Ladenberg-Reiche function.
W = 2 na X e"X IQ (X) + ^ (X)) (2-1)
where W is the equivalent width (cm ), a is the half width at half height in cm ,
I , I are modified Bessel functions and
X = Su/2rrQ', (2-2)
where S is the line strength and u is the optical path (cm-atm). The line shape
for a collision broadened line is, according to Lorentz, given by
Q) + a
2-1
-------
The two parameters S and a are determined in the laboratory by making curve-of-
growth measurements. It is convenient to make measurements in the two limits
of small and large values of X:
W = Su for X < 0.02 p (2-3)
1/2
W=(4S*U) forx>12.5p-1 (2-4)
These approximations (called the 'linear" and "square root" approximations) are
valid within p percent. For instance, Equations (2-3) and (2-4) are accurate to
within 5 percent when x < 0.1 and x > 2.5, respectively. Experience shows that
for a reliable measurement of S three data points in the linear region should be
obtained and that for a reliable measurement of the product (Sa) three data points
should be obtained in the square-root region. Care must be exercised that the
assumptions of the validity of these approximations are fulfilled. This is done
by plotting the data points (W versus u) on logarithmic scales. In the linear region,
the plot is a straight line with a slope of 1, and in the square-root region, it is
also a straight line with a slope of 1/2. Between these two segments lies the
"transition" region.
Experimentally, the procedure is as follows: The spectroscopic instrument
with a slit function g is scanned over a single spectral line, whose true shape is
.shown in Figure 2-1. The true shape of the line is distorted by the slit function
g(uru ), and appears at the output of the instrument in the shape shown in Figure
2-2. One can show that the area under the spectral line (total absorption «*
equivalent width) is the same in Figure 2-1 and 2-2. That means that W is an
invariant and does not depend upon the slit function of the instrument. In other
words, the W determined in the laboratory with one instrument can be used to
interpret the field data taken with another instrument. In mathematical terms,
this fundamental fact is expressed as
*G. N. Plass JOSA 48,690 (1958)
2-2
-------
Fig. 2-1. True Spectral Line Shape
Fig. 2-2. Observed Line Shape Assuming
a Triangular Slit Function
2-3
-------
= J (l-IIN(u))A0(u)) ) d « (2-5)
W
Auo
P /• OUT N
= J (JL-I (u>)/lo(u>) ) du, (2-6)
Au)
IN OUT
where I (m) is the "true" intensity and I (tu) is the "apparent" intensity
as measured by the instrument, given by
OUT _ P IN / / /
Au/
When Equation (2-7) is introduced into Equation (2-6), one finds that the
normalized slit function can be integrated separately, giving unit value and
the equality shown in Equation (2-5) and Equation (2-6) holds.
In summary, the procedure for obtaining the laboratory data and the
subsequent interpretation of field data is as follows:
1. For each single pollutant line of interest, make three laboratory
measurements in the linear region of toe curve-of-growth by
changing u to obtain S = W/u, and three in the square-root region
2
to obtain a = W /4 Su.
2. For each single pollutant line of interest, calculate by computer
W as a function of u according to Equation (2-1) and electronically
plot these curves-of-growth. (The linear and square-root regions
are identical to the ones measured under Item 1, thus providing
a consistency check.)
3. From the atmospheric spectra measured in the field, obtain W of
the pollutant lines of interest according to Equation (2-6) and ;
obtain the desired quantity u from the curve-of-growth prepared
under Item 2.
2-4
-------
4. An alternate procedure would be to store tae values of S and at
for each single pollutant line in the computer. After W has been
measured in the field, input it together with the line identification
into the computer. The computer will iterate Equation (2-1) until
the proper u is found.
It is recommended that both procedures be followed. The operator in the
field has a ?et of curves-of-growth and can thus readily obtain u. The
computer analysis can be executed more accurately at a later date.
The term "pollutant lines of interest" refers to lines which can be
observed in the field without interference. This will eliminate making
laboratory measurements on a great number of pollutant lines. A decision of
what the "pollutant lines of interest" are can be made a) theoretically, based
upon existing spectra of the "clean" atmosphere and the present knowledge of
pollutant line position and b) experimentally, after initial field data have been
taken.
2.1.2 Multiple Lines with Lorentz Shape
If several lines contribute to the absorption in the spectral interval given by the
instrument slit function, band models must be used. The most useful band model
applicable to atmospheric pollutants is found to be tha statistical model. In that
case, the mean absorption is given by
1 -T = 1 - exp (-W/d) (2-8)
where Wis the mean equivalent width of the lines in this interval and d is
the mean line spacing. The following expressions exist for this ratio:
Equally intense lines
T=-^xe-X[lo(x)+Il(X)] (2-9)
2-5
-------
Exponential distribution of line intensities
W _S_ /-, Su
d d
1/S distribution of line intensities
(2-11)
All of these expressions have the same asymptotic expressions:
^ «4 u for ~ « 1 (2-12)
d d TTa '
In the transition region, the maximum difference in W/d is about 25%
between the equally intense lines and the 1/S distribution (seeFigure 2-3).
A standard notation for the parameters S/d and a/d is
S -1 -1
-r = k (cm atm )
•^ = a (non-dim.)
where k represents the average absorption coefficient and a is called
the fine-structure parameter.
2-6
-------
LADENBURG - REICH E.
(DELTA FUNCTION
DISTRIBUTION)
+ X - 1J (1/S DISTRIBUTION)
XA/1 + X/4: (EXPONENTIAL
DISTRIBUTION)
LOG X
Figure 2-3. Collision-Broadened Curves of Growth for Various Intensity Distributions
2-7
-------
The laboratory procedure is the same as previously outlined with one
exception. Instead of making measurements only in the linear and square-root
regions, measurements in the "transition region" are also required in order
to determine which of the three models (given by Equation 2-9), (2-10), or (2-11))
applies .
If an accuracy of ±12.5% in the transition region is deemed sufficient, the
expression given by Equation (2-10) is recommended. In that case
-1/2
-An t =ku fl+T1"")
V 4a /
or
2
Equation (2-14) is a linear relationship in u in that the observed quantity (-u/£ n t)
as a function of u is a straight line. The absorption coefficient k is determined by
the intercept of this line at u = 0 and the slope determines the product ak. These
relations were successfully employed in the determination of the curves-of -growth
*
of hot water vapor.
In summary, the procedure for obtaining the laboratory data and the sub-
sequent interpretation of field data is as follows:
1. For each wavenumber interval in which a pollutant has a number
of lines which are not interfered by lines from other molecules,
make laboratory measurements of the curves-of -growth.
2. From the atmospheric spectra measured in the field, obtain
t (<«) = I -I(u>)A0 ). DetermiD
the plots of the curves-of-growth.
t (
-------
3. Using a computer, determine which of the expressions for
the different line intensity distributions (Equations (2-9), (2-10),
or (2-11)) is the most appropriate one. Use that expression to
reduce the curves-of-growth in terms of k (uo) and a(uo) and store
in memory. The values for t (u)) measured in the field are then
readily reduced to u.
Again, as in the single line case, the decision of which of the spectral data
are of interest can be made both theoretically uid/or experimentally.
2.1.3 Laboratory Procedures
The maximum amount of data points which could be taken in the laboratory is
immense. One set of measurements could be taken at room temperature, using
air (mixtare of N and O ) as foreign gas broadener with 1 atm total pressure.
Li Lt
Another set of measurements could be taken at elevated temperatures, using a
mixture of O , CO and HO as foreign gas broadener. Considering that the
2i £ 2
diatomic and polyatomic pollutants of interest may amount to 20, that these pollutants
liave single or multiple infrared bands of about 200 cm , that at least five data
points are to be taken for each resolution element of 1 cm , and that at least six
points along the curve-of-growth curve are to be taken, it is easy to see that the
total number of data points could run into several hundred thousand. Thus, it is
Imperative to limit the measurements to spectral intervals which are most useful
in field work. As mentioned above, the "spectral intervals of interest" must be
determined before a program of laboratory studies is initiated. This determination
can be based on the theoretical knowledge of the relative location of pollutant lines
with respect to the "clean" atmospheric lines and/or based on the results of field
data taken by the ROSE system.
As outlined above, curve-of growth measurements are made by changing the
optical thickness u at constant total pressure p . Since u is given by the product
of cell length i and partial pressure p = C p , where C is the fractional concen-
tration and p is the total pressure, a change in either 4 and/or p is sufficient.
t p
2-9
-------
However, it must be remembered that a change in p without a simultaneous
change in C is not sufficient. In other words, a change in p alone does not result
^"^"" f
in independent values of transmission. This mistake has been made quite often
in the past, where researchers prepared a mixture of gases in a mixing tank and
added this mixture to the absorption cell at various total pressures, assuming
that they had thus measured different points along the curve of growth. The fallacy
of this procedure is evident if we rewrite Equation (2-10) in the following way,
remembering that a = a p :
1/2
W/d - in t .„./•, _ , _.
-L — = - = kCi (1 + - - ) (2-15)
pt Pt ^ 4ao }
It is clearly seen that if C and JL are kept constant and only p is changed, the
t
right-hand side of Equation (2-15) is a constant and neither k nor a can be
determined separately.
It is usually easier and more accurate to change the cell length JL rather
than the concentration C. This can be done in cells which have adjustable
multiple paths, such as in a White-cell arrangement.
The optical thickness to be measured in the laboratory must cover the range
of the optical thickness expected in the field. Thus, for an expected concentration
of 10 PPM of a given pollutant to be observed over a pathlength of 4 km, the
optical thickness is 4 cm-atm. If it would be possible to use a partial pressure of
I atm for the pollutant, a cell length of at least 4 cm must be used. However,
in this case, the measurements would be made under the condition of self -broadening.
The results would thus not be applicable to the atmospheric case, in which air-
broadening is dominant. This is especially true for polar molecules, which may
have a self -broadening coefficient (ratio of self -broadened half -width to nitrogen-
broadened half-width) of the order of 10. Thus to keep the actual half-width
within, say, 1% of the self-broadened value, the maximum concentration should
2-10
-------
not exceed 1000 PPM. At this concentration and 1 atm pressure, a pathlength of
40 m is required to produce an optical thickness of 4 atm-cm.
2.2 SPECTRA OF POLLUTANTS AND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS
The "pollutants of interest" will, to some extent, depend on the pollution monitoring
task at hand. However, there are a number of pollutants of sufficiently common
interest to be considered here along with the major infrared active normal atmos-
pheric constituents, CO and HO.
Li Li
Band strenghts, band averaged absorption coefficients and fine structure
*
parameters are given in Table A.I and band model parameters are given in
* _i _i
Tables A.2 through A. 10 at 5 cm and 20 cm intervals.
**
Band strengths and fine structure parameters are given in Table A. 11 and
**
absorption coefficients are given in Tables A. 12 through A. 18 for various
cm intervals.
For details of the generation of these tables the original references given
below should be consulted. Spectra of these and other pollutants are given in
the open literature which are too extensive for inclusion here.
* Air Pollution Measurements by Satellites, C. B. Ludwig, M. Griggs,
W. Malkmus and R. Bartle, NASA (in press).
** Study of Air Pollution Detection by Remote Sensors, C. B. Ludwig, R. Bartle,
and M. Griggs, NASA CR 1380 (July 1969).
2-11
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3
PERFORMANCE OF THE ROSE SYSTEM
3.1 GENERAL
The performance of the ROSE system has been evaluated in terms of the operation
of the mechanical, optical and electronic components during the field tests. In
view of the complexity of the system and, at times, unusually adverse field con-
ditions it is considered that the system performed well.
The performance of the mechanical components of the ROSE system was
excellent during the field tests which included set up at six locations and two moves
from Pomona to San Diego by truck. The system proved to be rugged and was
conveniently moved into position. One vendor-supplied mechanical component,
the reference chopper motor bearings, failed during the emission tests. These
bearings have been replaced and spares obtained for use if future trouble should
develop.
The optical components of the system also performed well during the field
tests. The mountings appeared to be stable and, even with severely hot ambient
temperatures, no alignment problems developed. The possibility of having to shield
the telescopes from direct sunlight proved to be unnecessary.
There was some difficulty with isolated electronic components believed to
have been caused, in part by ambient temperatures above the design values and,
in part, by non-standard voltages of portable power supplies. In particular, the
reference chopper drive has been modified to make its operation more reliable.
A number of wiring breaks were located and have been corrected. Subsequent to
the field tests the digital coupler was modified to provide more stable operation
of the digital system.
In the following sections the performance is described in terms of system
noise, scintillation noise and signal strength.
3-1
-------
3.2 SYSTEM NOISE
System noise is defined as the noise with no optical input to the system; i.e., with
the optical path blocked off. Ideally, the system noise equals the detector
noise but in practice other electrical components may contribute to the system
noise. However, it is useful to express the system noise in terms of the
detector noise.
The theoretical system noise is based on detector noise which may be
calculated from
fAA
Vn
theo. *
-2
where A = detector area - (cm )
2
= 0.004 cm nominally
Af = system bandwidth - (Hz)
= 1/4 (system time constant - sec)
R = detector responsivity - (volts rms/watt rms)
D = detector specific detectivity - (cm Hz 1/2/watt)
4
The value of R/D* at X , the wavelength of peak response, is 12 x 10 /
10 -5 m , 1/2 *
0.95 x 10 ~ 1.26 x 10 volts/cm Hz . R and D both vary with wavelength
to some extent but the ratio does not.
Using the above values the theoretical system noise at the detector is
f» . f* ,
Vn = 0.8 X 10* VAf = 0.8 X 10~ / V4r
theo.
which results in a noise voltage of about 0.4 p, volts rms for a bandwidth of
0.25 Hz (time constant = 1 sec.)
Vn//Af", = 0.8 X 10~6 rms volts / ^/Hz
theo
3-2
-------
The observed system noise is obtained by reading the peak to peak noise
voltage on the recorder trace and dividing this voltage by 5 (to obtain the approximate
rms value) and by the gain between the detector and the recorder and V Af to obtain
the equivalent rms noise voltage per VHz at the detector. This system noise may
then be compared to the detector noise from the above equation for the particular
bandwidth (or time constant) of the test.
Analysis of the system noise data gave the following results averaged for
each test.
Vn /V5z (at detector)
-6 . i—
One mile test 1.0x10 rms volts A/Hz
Emission tests 0.6-0.7 " " "
Two mile tests 1.1 " "
Refinery tests 0.5 " " "
Thus the blocked off system noise is within a factor of about 1.5 of the
detector noise. Considering the difficulty of noise measurement, especially
with small trace deflections, it is considered that the above deviations from
the detector noise value of 0.8 x 10 /VHz are not significant.
It should be noted that occasionally the noise exceeded the average values
given above by as much as a factor of three. It is believed that these transient
increases were mainly a result of electrical interference from outside the ROSE
system.
Previously reported laboratory values of system noise (or zero line noise)
corresponds to 0.5 to 0. 8 x 10 rms volts /'VHz. The system noise for the San
_/> .
Diego field tests corresponds to about 1.2 to 1. 6 X 10 rms volts /VHz.
3.3 SCINTILLATION NOISE
Scintillation noise results from variable atmospheric refraction between the source
and the receiver and is observed as a variation in the signal level. In the following
analysis the observed signal variation is divided by the total gain, G, to normalize
3-3
-------
different gains used on different runs and is multiplied by V 4 T, where T is the
system time constant, to normalize the different time constants used. This
process results in a signal noise which is referred to the detector and to unit
bandwidth of
V A/Hz =
-------
except for the early large values of signal noise, did give less noise than that
observed on the one mile tests.
In the one-quarter mile tests at the refinery the signal noise ranged from 2
to 30 M,volts /VHz with the average being about 11 jj, volts /VHz. Again no clear
cut variation with time of day was observed.
For the emission tests the signal noise varied from 0.4 to 1.6 p,volts /VHz
which is within a factor of about two of the system noise. In these tests, of course,
there is not the precise alignment requirement as there is for the transmissi on
mode of operation.
A factor contributing to the large scintillation noise during the one mile tests
was the use of a slit height equal to the theoretical image height, h , which was
2.3 mm for the one mile tests. Figure 3-1 shows the source and reference channel
signals as a function of slit height normalized to unity for the maximum mean value
of the source signal. The flattening of the source signal simply represents the
fact that the source image is finite. It is readily apparent that the variation of the
source signal for a given slit height depends on the value of the slit height and is
a maximum near h . This is interpreted to be a result of vertical movement of
o
the source image.
3.4 SIGNAL STRENGTH
The system transmission is fundamental to the calculation of the signal strength.
Calculations have been made for the transmission mode of operation and the results
are shown on Figure 3-2. Reflectivities for aluminum were estimated from measured
values for the two telescopes which were different; thus the two curves shown repre-
sent this difference. For the emission mode of operation the transmission would
2
be more than that shown by a factor (1/p.) .
A
Figure 3-2 shows the transmission calculated from all known causes except
aberration. The transmission from aberrations for the transmission mode of opera-
tion is shown on Figure 3-3 for a range of 0.4 km. For the emission mode of
3-5
-------
101 L/mm 7 y, Filter
3.0
2.0
1.0
= 726; v ~ 1000 cm
S H 300 n xh
-1
Reference
Relative
Voltage
h =2.3 mm
o
4 6
Slit height, h, mm
10
Figure 3-1. Relative Signals from Source and Reference
Channels - One Mile Path
3-6
-------
Transmission Mode of Operation
4
T = T X p
t c a
T 83 I3 X T. X
C I f
(r & Common Path Transmission)
gr
T s IRTRAN II (Entrance slit, field lens, det. cass. field lens, dewar window)
T. a Filter transmission
p »Aluminum reflectivity
3
e • Grating efficiency
5000 3000
I I I
.20
.15
4
.10
,05 -
cm
-1
1000 900
I I
800
I
TRANSMISSION LOSS
FROM ABERRATIONS
NEGLECTED.
8 10
Wavelength-Microns
12
14
Figure 3-2. Calculated System Transmission
3-7
-------
l.Q
0.9
O.i -
Transmission
resulting from
aberrations
0.7
o.d
Geometrical
image size
"exceeds detector
size
Slit Widii - Microns
Transmission Mode of Operation Range = 0.4 km
Loss from Geometrical Image Size Exceeding Detection
Size Included.
2000
Figure 3-3. Calculated Transmission Resulting from Aberrations
3-8
-------
operation there should be little or no transmission loss from aberrations for a
uniform source field.
The signal strength in the laboratory were found to be 0.55 to 0.67 of that
calculated using the above calculated transmissions (see EPA-R2-72-052 or
GDCA-DBE-72-001 page 6-3). The difference between these ratios and unity
represent unknown losses which may come from deviations from the calculated
values of reflectivity or tranmission from aberrations or from misalignment,
scattering or diffraction effects.
Signal strengths in the San Diego field tests agreed with the laboratory data
(ibid page 6-7).
For the one mile tests in Pomona the signal levels were considerably below
the theoretical values as a consequence of the receiver being at the edge of the
beam. The signal levels as well as the signal noise showed wide variations.
The signal strength for the two mile tests at v = 2500 cm showed a range
from 0.48 to 0.59 of the theoretical value with an average of 0.54. At M = 1000 cm
the signal strength ranged from 0.37 to 0.53 of the theoretical value the average
being about 0.45. These values probably are lower than those observed in San
Diego at one-quarter mile because of the lower transmission of the two mile path.
For the refinery tests the signal strength was from 0.30 to 0.40 of the
theoretical value. Since the path length was about one quarter mile it is suspected
that the detector toroid was displaced from the optimum position during transport
of the system. It is recommended that the detector toroid adjustment be checked
after each move before testing (at least until experience indicates otherwise).
3-9
-------
LONG PATH TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENTS
4.1 ONE-MILE MEASUREMENT
A description of the location for these tests is given in Appendix I.
As previously mentioned, these tests were influenced by scintillation noise.
This noise was greater than expected. It was subsequently traced to the unfavorable
position of the receiver telescope near the edge of the beam. In addition, a con-
siderable portion of the line-of-sight was over a hot blacktop surface and one
edge of the beam was close to metal lamp posts.
A typical spectrum of transmitted intensity (I) from 7.5 to 12.5p, is shown
in Figure 4-1. It was recorded with a slit width of 1500 p,, which corresponds to
about 5 cm at 1000 cm , and a time constant of 0.1 sec. The main features
_^
are the strong absorption lines due to HO between 1100 and 1330 cm , the band
-1
absorption of O between 1000 and 1100 cm , and the weak absorption lines due to
3 -i
HO between 800 and 1000 cm . The instrument noise in this trace is very small,
-1
as can be seen at 1320 cm , where the atmospheric transmission is reduced to
zero due to strong water absorption and thus acts as a shutter. The fluctuating
signal between the identified water lines notably for DJ< 1000 cm , arises from
the atmospheric scintillation, as can be seen from the record in Figure 4-2, which
was taken at 1000 cm for a two-minute time interval.
By increasing the spectral resolution to 1 cm , many of the strong center
lines between 1100 and 1330 cm become better defined (see Figure 4-3). Line
identification numbers were taken from Air Force Surveys in Geophysics No. 142.
The increase in amplification by a factor of 10 also increases the noise in the
signal, as can be seen in the record of Figure 4-4.
A typical spectrum, in which the atmospheric transmission ([/I ) is recorded,
is shown in Figure 4-5. The spectral slit width is the same as used in the recording
of Figure 1, but the amplification is reduced by a factor of 2.5. The spike shown at
4-1
-------
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1010 cm is identified as VIB ('Vehicle in the beam"), an all too frequent occurrence
in the measurements conducted here.
The only pollutant identified unambiguously is ozone. The quantitative analysis
proceeds as follows. As has been shown in Section 2.2, the band absorption can be
represented by the statistical band model. Referring to Figure 4-3, the I level is
-1 ° -1
assumed to be the connecting line between the levels at ~ 1000 cm and 1080 cm .
At 1055 cm I = 14.5 and I = 12, thus IA =0.83. Using the absorption coefficient
and fine structure parameter from Section 2.2, the partial pressure of ozone is
-6
calculated to be 0.12 x 10 atm, which corresponds to 12 pphm. This value agrees
well with the hourly average value of 11 pphm recorded by the Pomona APCD station
at 3 ppm (see Table I of the Appendix).
A typical spectrum of transmitted intensity from about 3 to 5 p. is shown in
Figure 4-6, which was recorded with a slit width of 700^ (A v at 4 p, or 2500 cm
-1
equals 6 cm ) and a time constant of 0.1 sec. The main features are the strong
water absorption between 3400 and 2900 cm , the absorption due to HDO near
2700 cm , the absorption due to CO at 4.3|i, due to NO at 2230 cm and due
-I2 2
to HO between 2200 and 2000 cm . The amplification is the same as used in
2 -i
Figure 4-1. The signal at 2500 cm shown in Figure 4-7 indicates again large
fluctuations due to scintillation.
The corresponding record of atmospheric transmission (I/I ) is shown in
Figure 4-8. The unusual feature in the CO absorption band between 2300 and 2400
-1 2
cm originates from the absorption in the I trace, which cannot be eliminated since
the instrument is not flushed.
4-7
-------
! 3
o —•—
;T _ ___
I
CO
II
I
PH
I
I
2
CO
-------
._T
70206
Same as
_. . _
""
S/N-3
PP
Figure 4-7. Noise at 250C cm with One Mile Path, Ay, = 6 cm"
4-9
-------
' '
1 <
1
— • .-
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During the week in which the one-mile tests were performed, atmos-
pheric turbidity measurements were made with the Volz sun photometer. *
This instrument consists of a small aperture which was aligned so that
energy from the sun fell on a filter-detector combination; the detector output
was read from a microammeter. The secant of the sun zenith angle associated
with the measurement was determined by means of an auxiliary scale and a level. The
air mass of the atmosphere was assumed to be equal to the secant of the sun zenith angle
(valid for 0° < M < 80°).
The aerosol optical thickness, T , was determined from the fol-
aer
lowing relation.
I = I exp (-(T + r . )M)/f
o aer atm
where
I = meter reading of the measurement
I = meter reading with zero air mass ( = 51 with the present
instrument, S/N G120).
M = sec 9 (9 = sun zenith angle)
T - Rayleigh scattering and ozone optical thickness (estimated)
atm
T = aerosol optical thickness
aer
f a a distance correction factor
A series of measurements were made in San Diego which show that
the zero air mass deflection (extrapolated to zero air mass) was still equal to
the original calibration value of 51 and also show typical variations of the
optical thickness during the day, see Figure 4-9.
The results of the photometer measurements made during these field
tests are shown on Figure 4-10. For comparison, Elterman's data for clean
standard continental air and data taken in San Diego are also shown. Most
of the data indicate an optical thickness about twice to three times Elterman's
value.
Attempts to correlate T with signal strength were unsuccessful;
*F. Volz, Arch.Met. Geophys. Biokl. B, 10 p 100 (1959).
4-11
-------
51
10
3 4
AIR MASS, M
0.3
aer
0.2
o.i
i
I
O 4/1/71
0 4/2/71
A 4/3/71
O 4/4/71
10 11 12 13 14 15
TIME(PST)
16 17
IS
19
20
21
Figure 4-9. Volz Photometer Calibration and Typical Aerosol Optical
Thickness Variation in San Diego* California
4-12
-------
01
-------
perhaps the optical thickness value measured with the Volz photometer
(which is an altitude integral) does not necessarily represent the horizontal
optical thickness required for transmission calculations.
4., 2 TWO-MILE MEASUREMENT
A description of the location for these tests is given in Section 1. 2 of
the Appendix.
In these tests, the receiver telescope was placed in the center of the
source beam. A reduction in scintillation noise was expected. However, the
fluctuations are again substantial, as shown in Fig. 4-11. The record taken
at 10 a. m. , shows a signal-to-pp noise ratio of about 9. The time constant
was 1 sec, i.e. , ten times longer than used in the record of Fig. 4-7, in
which a signal-to-pp noise ratio of about 3 is observed. Thus, the apparent
"improvement" results mainly from the longer time constant. On the other
hand, the atmospheric conditions for the two mile tests were less favorable.
A comparison of the relevant parameters is given in Table I.
Table I
1 Mi 2 Mi
Date 2 July 1971 29 July 1971
Time 9 a. m. 10 a. m.
Air Temperature 72° F 90° F
Relative Humidity 59% 45%
Evidence of the greater stability of the night time atmosphere is clearly
visible in the record taken at 9:15 p. m. (Fig. 4-11) in which the signal-to-
pp noise ratio is about 26.
A typical spectrum of the transmitted intensity in the spectral range
from 8 to 13|j, is shown in Fig. 4-12. A time constant of 1 sec was used,
which was subsequently determined to be too long for the scan speed employed.
Thus, some of the fine structure in the spectrum was losl. Nevertheless, the
4-14
-------
2 Minutes
72904
End
s
o
o
o
-.5V
Day
10:30 AM
S/N~9
PP
• r, j ~ ^ zi—
?• • ' T , ' .
72816
; End
Night
9:15 PM
S/N ~26
PP
Figure 4-11. Ndse at 2500 ctn"1 with Two Mile Path, A v. =3 cm"1
4
4-15
-------
3
a
•»
a
•*
a
-------
strong water lines throughout the entire spectral range are very well
resolved. This becomes especially important in the ozone region, in which
the many water lines, if not resolved, would introduce large errors causing
an apparent reduction of the ozone concentration. Based upon our present
knowledge, the band contour of ozone has been sketched in. Reducing the data
obtained during the day of July 28, results in a plot of ozone concentration
versus time (see Fig. 4-13). These data are compared with the hourly
averaged values taken by the Pomona Station of the Los Angeles APCS (see
Table V of the Appendix). The agreement is good. The time shift of about
1 hour between the two traces may be significant, indicating an 63 build-up
near the ground to occur faster than in elevated layers.
A typical spectrum of the transmitted" intensity in the spectral range from
3 to 5 p, is shown in Fig. 4-14, recorded with a time constant of 1 sec. For
the spectral region from 1900 to 2300 cm the amplification was higher by a
factor of 2 than for the rest of the spectrum. A spectrum produced by the
digital system for the CO absorption band is shown on Figure 4-15. The
magnetic tape was reformatted and the results plotted on the SC4020 with the
frames placed side by side.
4-17
-------
W
s
H
t
>-3
00
CM
I
0)
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ca
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4-21
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4-22
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4-23
-------
5
EMISSION MEASUREMENTS
For each stack, at least two measurements are necessary. One spectrum is
taken from the plume, the other one adjacent to the plume to obtain the sky
background. The two spectra are then differenced. This is necessary even
in the case where the plume fills the field of view of the instrument. For
the quantitative determination of the pollutant concentration in the stack
plume, the absolute temperature of the plume must be known.
5. 1 STEEL MILL
The location and absorption of the stacks of the steel mill selected for these
tests are described in Section 2. 1 of Appendix L A typical spectrum of
the sky background from 7 - 13|i is shown in Fig. 5-1 and that of the plume
emission in Fig. 5-2. In both cases, the spectral resolution was 0. 5 to 4. 5
cm . The reference source was at 106°F. The zero line (no energy differ-
ence between target and reference source) is in the center of the recording
paper. When the target is colder than the reference source, the deflection
is upward; if it is warmer the deflection is downward. In comparison, the
two spectra appear to be very similar, except for one obvious region around
7. 6^, where the plume emission shows a rather strong emission. However,
even in the regions between 8 and 10. 5y,, there are differences which become
apparent when the differences between the two spectra are plotted; in Fig.
5-3 the differences are shown. An attempt has been made to identify the
species responsible for these bands. Normally, this differencing process
is to be done by a computer. However, we experienced difficulties with the
electronics and no digital records were taken. The failure of the electronics
was attributed to the heat in the equipment, which was located in an unvented
van, whose temperature at times reached 112°F.
The most prominent spectral features of the sky emission curve
5-1
-------
u i
1 1
a 5
o o
I! 1
a o s
"
J, a 2
s a a
5-2
-------
shown in Figure 5.1 (71302) are the emission by stratospheric and low-level ozone near
1000 cm and the HO spectrum.
An estimate of the effective sky radiance may be made as shown below
using the final equation from Section 3.3.1 - Emission Mode of Operation,
of the final report. (EPA-R2-72-052 or GDC-DBE-72-001 page 3-22).
Using N ° for the van temperature of 106°F (314° K) and other values
appropriate to the test at X = lOp.,
—
Ns
(—^) (12x104)(. 25)(1. 16x10 3)(0. 021){10 5)(0. 58)
L ]
12.42xlO-4(. 81)
-4 2
= 10.5x10 u)/cm sterM*
for which the equivalent blackbody temperature is
T = 302°K.
s
The effective temperature difference is thus about 12° C between the van and
the atmosphere at an elevation angle of about 5 . The value of sky radiance
is 10 to 20% higher than the values cited in the Handbook of Military Infrared
Technology (Fig. 5-5 for the clear nighttime sky at Cocoa Beach, Fla. , and
Fig. 5-8 for a sky with cirrus clouds).
The difference is perhaps due in part to the higher ambient tempera-
tures in Los Angeles and, in part, to the greater pollution particularly at
lower levels.
The plume emission shown on Figure 5-2 at first glance looks much the
same as the sky background but taking differences as shown in Figure 5-3
reveals important features of the spectrum. A number of candidate pollu-
tants are shown at their respective spectral locations.
A typical example of the plume emission from a steel mill stack from
3 to 5)i is shown in Figure 5-4. The sky background scan and stack wall
5-3
-------
8 §•.
us
£
5-4
-------
scan were similar to Figure 5-4 except there was no spectral features in
the CO and CO2 regions. The spectral slit width at 4p, was about A v =
9 cm . The strong emission from hot CO and CO is apparent in Figure
5-4; however, the greater portion of the hot CO band is absorbed by the
CO in the atmosphere.
5. 2 POWER STATION
The location and description of the studies of a power generating station
are described in Section 2. 2 of Appendix I. Spectra of both Stack #3
and #1 were taken. A typical spectrum of the emission of Stack #3 in the 7
to 13|j, region is shown in Fig. 5-5 along with the sky background and the
emission from the stack wall. In these traces, the colder temperatures are
recorded downward. The difference between plume and sky emission is
shown in Fig. 5-6. Besides SO , a number of hydrocarbons are possible
Lt
contributors to this spectrum as indicated in Fig. 5-6.
A typical spectrum iti the 3 - 5|j, region is shown in Fig. 5-7 whose
prominent feature is the emission from CO and the total lack of CO. An
indication of the small fluctuation in the signal is given in Fig. 5-8, which
was taken at the peak CO emission at 2475 cm . We believe that the
£»
absence of large-scale fluctuation is due to the fact that the field-of-view was
smaller than the plume but larger than the eddies in the turbulent plume
so that a spatial averaging took place.
The emission in the 8 - 13|j, region from Stack #1 is very similar to
the one from Stack #3, except for the absence of SO emission, which is in
&
agreement with the results obtained with the interferometer.
5. 3 HOSPITAL INCINERATOR
A brief description of hospital incinerator stack is given in Section 2. 3
of Appendix I. The spectra we observed show great variations both in
characteristics and strength. Records taken at one wavelength indicate
5-5
-------
Plume
71414
101 L/MM
1 n Filter
S=900(j, X 10 mm
3/2 RPM
.5 mm/sec
G=50 x 10 X 100
Q = 10 T • 1.0
Sky
71413
Stack Wall--
71416
1 1
600
_ ,.
1
800
1 . 1
1000 1200
-1
v - cm
I 1
1400
Figure 5-5. Plume, Sky and Stack Scans - Power Station Stack #3, A\>10 a 3 cm
5-6
-------
w
o
.3
s
f-l
-------
ORS
-IV
71409
" — +iv ^ ,
0
T
1800
. — j - <\l ; -
^
2000
' i I" ' i
£ . . • .
r
2200
- I <3N 1 - ',^ '
.-^ r^ ^
T ^ T
2400 0600 2800
-1
- cm
Figure 5-7. Plume Scan, 3 to 5 p, Power Plant Stack #3
5-8
-------
-.r.
71408
***&Sv^
i .jj; \y-\ ;-•;•-• -t-
i-^FT*''"' '
±.Q.-^
:m-
"_ L_1 I
_" ^___^ " ^ 2475.5 CM"1
_ VARIATION IN PLUME EMISSION
Figure 5-8. Variations in Plume Emission - Power Plant Stack
5-9
-------
that the variations originate in the plume, an apparent result from the
different loadings of the incinerator. A typical trace taken at 2390 cm
over a period of several minutes is shown in Fig. 5-9.
At another time, the plume appeared visibly rather steady. A comparison
of two spectra recorded between 3 and 5p in a time interval of 2 minutes is
shown in Fig. 5-10. The emission between 2600 and 2900 cm has changed
drastically. The upper curve is indicative of a black body emission from
soot particles, while the lower one is indicative of gaseous emission. This
is the wavelength region, where H S and HGt are emitting.
5-10
-------
I Blockxl 1
'— with *t
Ey«pl»c«
< :
•i •.
•Udltooto
».MV/DlT
L—I
Figure 5-9. Variations of Hospital Incinerator
Emission v = 2390 cm~
5-11
-------
JO
71513 And
Repeat After
HC1
i i I
2000
I
2500
v - cm
-1
3000
3500
Figure 5-10. Comparison of Two Scans, 3 to 5 n, Hospital Incinerator
5-12
-------
TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENTS OF EXTENDED SOURCES
Pollutant concentrations in the vicinity of a refinery in Southern California were
measured over a pathlength of approximately one quarter mile. Because of prevailing
winds from the west, a north-south path just inside the eastern boundary of the
refinery was chosen. Most of the expected emission was located at the north end
of the path near the source; the receiver was located at the south end of the path
in a relatively clear area. Although the prevailing wind was from the west, the
wind direction varied and, at times, came from the southeast.
At two such times (i. e., with the wind from the southeast) runs were made
within about 40 minutes at two different slit widths. These runs clearly show
the effect of using a spectral slit width equal to or less than half the spectral line
* -1
spacing. The lines of interest here are the CO lines from about 2100 cm to
2190 cm which have a spacing which varies from about 4.2 to 3.3 cm . One run
with a spectral slit width at 2150 cm of 4.4 cm is shown at the top of Figure 6-1
and shows very little, if any, of theCO spectrum. The other run at the bottom of
Figure 6-1 with a spectral slit width of 1. 3 cm shows the CO spectrum quite
clearly. Since the wind was blowing toward flie refinery the difference was pre-
sumably not a result of a CO level change but was a result of setting the spectral
slit width less than half the spectral line spacing. An analysis indicates that the
CO concentration was about 2 ppm which is about what would be expected for the
ambient level.
Later in the afternoon there was a strong west wind. A CO spectrum
taken at that time is shown on Figure 6-2 with instrument settings identical
*
GDCA-DBE-72-001 page 5-16.
6-1
-------
— i .- -j^- -4 ,_
— ~-\ ~: -: hz"::~. ~ ~L:~r-r r
^OEEFTF^
. 1 .:.i._~_T
•-•'- 02102
1-^240 L/MM
~r_ 3 p, Filter
S= 700p, x 6.6 mm
;:-_-_-._-. 6 RPM 2.5mm/sec
~ ~ G = 100 x 1 x 10
-
4.4 cm —
0.4 VA>iv
I
_i _j
2000 cm !.: r.iT
r^g.-r , i^El
-—:-zrrr;r-:rmr 2500
SANBORN
EEEt"— 3 n Filter
— Sc2QQ(t x 6.6 mm
r.z:4r-Z:i^/4 RPM
0.5 mm/sec
100 x 10 x 10
— A v a 1.3 cm
rz;; _"~.o. 1G V/Div
Figure 6-1. Comparison of CO Spectra with A v » 4.4 cm" and 1.3 cm"
6-2
-------
s
o
co
i-T
D
O
I
•a
s
|
o
a
co
O
O
oj
CO
-------
to that at the bottom of Figure 6-1 (except . OSf/Olj/). Comparing the
bottom of Figure 6-1 with a southeast wind blowing over a freeway and
Figure 6-2 with a west wind blowing across the refinery, the CO level from
the refinery is no more, perhaps less, than that from the freeway.
A complete scan with a strong west wind (taken about 15 minutes
before Figure 6-2) is shown in Figure 6-3. Although the slit is narrower a
longer time constant was used which suppresses line spectra somewhat.
Even so, there does not appear to be much CO present. A smell of
hydrogen sulfide, H S, was noted at the source end of the path at the time the
o
run shown in Figure 6™3 was taken. H S absorption would be expected at
1100-1400 cm , 3800-4000 cm" and at 2700-2800 cm" . No significant
absorption was observed probably as a result of only a small portion of the
total path containing H S.
Figure 6-4 shows a comparison of portions of two runs one with a south-
east wind and one with a west wind. The significant difference is two sharp
absorptions at 2960 and 2970 cm with the west wind from the refinery.
There are a large number of hydrocarbons which have absorption at about
3000 cm so that positive identification could not be made with the comparison
spectra available (R. H. Pierson et al Analytical Chemistry, 28, 1218
(1956)). The spectra were sketched because the absorption features of in-
terest were faint on the original record.
A scan in the 7 to 13^ region is shown on Figure 6-5; a strong west
wind was blowing (from the refinery) when this run was made. No evidence
of SO absorption in the 1100-1200 cm region or other pollutants was
observed on this spectrum.
6-4
-------
:'^™ n '-M
^ffljVP ' _J
-f — 2000 ! [ Jr.
r -..' * =
. i _ "_-._\ - r ^,. _-^__
•~.—.--". -.IT \-----r.. ._:•._
~- :\- — ~r T"-:^ , — -~ -
; : — : — ; . : j
^ir:^^_ ^_^^::-:::
J : r f ,-*, ^.--, ', ..-. ' — i_l — . — ; i
Figure 6-3. 3 to 5 p, Scan at Refinery, A \> = 1.4 cm
-1
6-5
-------
'••' vt i *<&'-%
240 L/MM fyH/Wl
3^ Filter 1 I/I
o //I T> DA T I
3/4 K-PJYL ^
0.5 mm/sec V
T a 0. 1 sec F
AvQ ,= 2.4 to
o • o _ _ "J.
2.7 cm
02108 S. E. Wind S= 175 p,
02113 W. Wind &= 200 n
2800
/ ' ' -
* A
1 ! -^
M \ y
ml *• :? « 5 «
'1 i
; jj
I S 2*
* *k ^ ^
iff f X ^
< * ZERO
32
f /
12
Figure 6-4. Comparison of Spectra near 3000 cm
-1
6-6
-------
6-7
o
•o
o
I
o
i §
S
o
in
<£>
•
o
tl
o
-------
7
SUPPORTING LABORATORY DATA
7.1 DETECTOR NOISE MEASUREMENTS
During and after the period of the field tests, measurements were made in
the laboratory to define more precisely the detector noise and detector plus
system noise. Measurements of detector noise were made directly at the
preamplifier output with a waveanalyzer. Measurements of the indicated
noise of the detector plus system for both the analog and digital systems.
Finally, the results of the various measurements are compared.
7. 1. 1 Wave Analyzer Measurements
The noise of the cold detector with the beam blocked at the entrance slit
was measured at the preamplifier output by means of a Hewlitt-Packard
302A waveanalyzer (Af = 6 Hz) with an integrator attached to the output.
The measured RMS noise voltage, V , was divided by the nominal preamplifier
K
gain to obtain the RMS noise at the detector, V . The noise at the detector
d
was divided by \j6 to obtain V / yHz, the RMS voltage at the detector per
root-Hertz. Data were taken for a period of about 12 integrator time
constants and averaged to obtain the results shown on Figure 7-1. During
these tests the source chopper was on and the reference chopper was off.
The wave analyzer output is a current source of 1 ma full scale arid use
of a 1 K load resistor converts this to a 1 volt full scale voltage source.
An RC filter of 1 megohm and 5 ^fd was used as an integrator (r - 5 seconds).
The output was read on a CIMRON digital voltmeter (Z. = 1000M on 1 V
in
range) which negligibly loads the filter.
Figure 7-1 shows clearly the lower noise resulting from use of the
highest preamplifier gain. The lowest noise of about 0.39 p,v/^Hz is some
what less than that measured by the detector manufacturer of 0. 44 (j,v/ /Hz).
The highest noise for the preamplifier plus detector is 0. 72 y,v/ yHz which
7-1
-------
H-P
302A
1 v^">-
11K
n v»nrt I
li DVM
fd L? JQOpJL
O.i
0.4
Microvolts
0.2
2/5/72
Source Chopper on
f -~ 550 hz
Beam blocked at entr. allt
10
100
Prearap. Gain - Gr
lOOO
Figure 7-1. Wave Analyzer Measurements of Detector Noise
7-2
-------
is slightly less than that measured previously (0. 80 M,V/ /Hz). The later
measurements are considered more precise than the earlier value because of
an improved integrator.
Wave analyzer noise measurements were also made with the preamplifier
input open (internal 10K only) and with a 12. 7K 1% precision resistor at the
preamplifier input to simulate the detector. Data were taken and reduced in
a manner similar to that used for the cold detector. With the preamp. input
open the noise referred to the input with G = 1000 and Af = 6 was (35p,v/
1000) = 35 nv. Thermal noise for a 10K resistance and Af = 6 is 31. 6 nv
which gives a noise figure of 0. 6 db. With a 12. 7K resistor on the preamp.
input the noise was 30 ^iv/1000 = 30 nv at G = 1000 and 3. 0 p,v/100 = 30 nv
P
at G = 100. (At f = 330 Hz the noise was 32 uv/1000 = 32 nv at G = 1000).
P P
Thus no drop in noise at high preamp gain was observed. The noise per unit
bandwidth is thus about 12 nv/ KHz = 0. 012 p,v/ V Hz which is small compared
to the noise with the cold detector.
7. 1. 2 Analog System Measurements
During and after the waveanalyzer measurements, records were made with
the source channel analog system (f = 560 Hz approx. ) consisting of the cold
detector, (beam blocked at entrance slit), preamp. , selective amplifier,
lock-in amplifier compensation amplifier and analog recorder. The source
chopper was on and the reference chopper was off. The system was tuned
up and calibrated just before the records were made. Record lengths
were sufficient to assure that representative values were obtained (At/j
ranges from 40 to 170, 000 with most of the data between 100 and 10, 000.
Because the RMS value of a random signal is difficult to access with
precision, the peak to peak values of each record were read. Voltage
at the detector (peak to peak) is obtained by dividing the measured value
by the overall gain G = (G )(G, )(G ). Peak to Peak voltage at the
P fs xs __
detector per unit bandwidth is calculated by division by |/Af = \TT/4T.'
7-3
-------
The peak to peak results are shown on Figure 7-2 as a function of preampli-
fier gain. The highest values (between 6 and 7) are occasional peaks and the
lowest values (between 1 and 2) are for very small recorder deflections.
Except for these, most of the analog data lie between 0. 67 and 1. 5 of
the equivalent peak to peak noise from the wave analyzer measurements
indicated by the dashed lines ( = 5 Vd(RMS)/ ¥~Hz). The scatter is an
indication of the difficulty of measuring noise by the peak to peak method.
Even considering this scatter the average of the analog data is in resonable
agreement with that from the wave analyzer. Note that the lock-in gain,
G = (DC volts out/RMS volts in), is used for noise calculations.
xs
Also shown on Figure 7-2 is the digital result described in< the next
section.
7.1.3 Digital System Measurements
Data were taken after the field tests to determine the system noise as
indicated by the digital system. Both DVM's were connected to the
MONITOR terminal of the reference lock-in amplifier. A signal of about 8
volts was simulated with the lock-in zero suppress circuit. Digital data
were taken on paper tape at about 3. 3 data points per second and 50 data
points were taken. The -010 DVM was on DC so that it measured voltage
not ratio.
First, data were taken with the DVMs in the condition in which the
field tests were made; i. e. , with a filter on the input of the -010 DVM as
installed by the manufacturer. It was decided that the system would
indicate I/Io more properly if this filter were disconnected. After dis-
connecting the filter, data were taken again.
Each set of data consisting of 50 data points was analyzed; the
(maximum-minimum) gives the peak-to-peak voltage and the RMS value of
the deviation from the mean was calculated using the H-P 9100A computer.
The results for G = IK x 1 x 100 with the cold detector (beam blocked at
7-4
-------
(p-p)
T
O 1. 0 sec
A 0.1
D 0.01
r ' - pp Detector Noise from
r, f Wave Analvzer Data
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
" x2 ' --~ -^ '
O ""^
o ^
XI. 5 A >
"""-o — ^ \ -
* * N x
li1 ^ * \^
^ o a !?*^fl 1
xO.67 ^ n A » *
^JCO.5 J ~^"^^>A *
S-— c;
i i
Digital
Result
"^ (Without
Filter)
10 100
Preamp Gain - Gp
1000
Figure 7-2. Analog Measurements of Noise
7-5
-------
the entrance slit) are tabulated below and shown on Figure 7-2. The refer-
ence chopper was on during these tests. The voltage at the detector is
obtained by dividing the measured lock-in output voltages by the total gain,
G. which includes G , the normal lock-in gain.
xs
With Filter - nv/ylrf1 Without Filter - p,v/
T -015 -010 -015 -010
0. 01 sec
0.03
0. 1
0.3
1.0
Avg
Avg (pp/
RMS)
4.
3.
2.
2.
3.
3.
07
47
66
24
46
18
4. 5
0.92
0.76
0.71
0.68
0.84
0.78
1.34
1.93
2.20
2.50
3. 16
2.23
4.
0.28
0.45
0. 53
0. 59
0.85
0. 52
5
6.
3.
3.
2.
2.
3.
32
27
07
44
44
51
4.6
1.09
0.73
0.63
0. 54
0.70
0.74
4.
3.
2.
2.
2.
3.
63
97
86
22
42
22
4.6
0.87
0.82
0.70
0.52
0.65
0. 71
Note that, before removal of the filter on the -010 DVM, the noise (and
also the response) is substantially reduced compared to the 015 DVM
particularly at the shorter time constants. After removal of the filter,
the noise data (and therefore the response) for the two DVM's are much
more similar. Note also that the ratio of the (pp/RMS) is very nearly
equal to the previously assumed value of 5.
The filter of the -010 DVM was left disconnected to make the
response of the two DVM's more nearly equal.
7.2 MONOCHROMATOR CALIBR. - TEMP EFFECTS
Because of the high ambient temperature during some of the field tests (particularly
the emission tests) it is appropriate to record the results of a prior check
of temperature effects on the wavenumber calibration of the monochromator.
An examination of the approximate effect of temperature on the mono-
chromator wavenumber calibration was made by placing a heat lamp above
the monochromator. Time did not permit the elimination of spatial
7-6
-------
temperature gradients; rather, the monochromator was heated to about
40° C and allowed to cool slowly. The temperature and the wavenumber
drum readings for the 5th, 7th and 13th order of a mercury lamp were
observed as a function of time. From the drum readings at 40, 35 and 30° C
the wavenumber calibration constants were determined:
v = A + B (WD).
A is the wavenumber corresponding the zero on the drum and B is the wave-
number interval corresponding to one drum turn (WD is the drum reading in
turns). A prior calibration at 25° C is also included for comparison. The
total cooling time (to about 29° C) was 5 hours.
Temperatures measured at the center of the top of the cover and
at a hole in the base of the monochromator near the Photomultiplier tube
agreed within about 1"C, the cover temperature being slightly cooler.
The results of the test are given below 5
40° C Order i> WD
5 3662.3 18.391
7 2615.9 10.069
13 1408.9 0.454
35° C
5 18.376
7 10.056
13 0.455
B cm /turn
125.650
125.763
-1
A cm
1351.4
1351.3
5
7
13
25°C*
5
7
13
18.351
10.042
0.455
18.334
10.042
0.471
125.938
126.171
1351.2
1349. 1
*Calibration the previous day (5/26/70); the monochrometer has since been
realigned so that only relative values are important.
7-7
-------
B. "'"''"
WD - WD
I/_ - 0. 454
7. 3 DIVIDER BOX
In order to calibrate the system completely from the detector to the DVM
it is necessary to insert a divider box (Figure 7-3) ahead of the preamplifier
with the divider box having a nominal division ration equal to the nominal
preamplifier gain. The lock-in calibration signal is applied to the divider
box.
The measured output impedance of the lock-in calibration signal
is 52 ohms. The measured input impedance of the preamplifier is 10. OIK
ohms. These values were used in the calculation of the division ratio.
Resistance values were measured on a Cimron 6753 digital multimeter to
an accuracy of . 005% FS on 0. 01% RDG (whichever is greater) on the 1,
10 and 100K ranges and 0. 005% FS or 0. 02% RDG (whichever is greater)
on the 1000K range.
The calculated values of the division ratio, Ei/Eo, agree with the
nominal ratio within 1% of the nominal value.
7-8
-------
Lock-In
Cal. Output
Ei
n /VWL f~\
t
r
-pi
^
Divider Box
<
'
t
.
;99.53
: K
Nominal Divisior
Ratio E./E '
1 0
1
4
<
i
J49.7
' K
T *-^" S
! >10.035K
< 1 o
' K ' Q
100. OK
20
299. 9K
50
500. 7K
o
100
999. 8K
Q
2Tto
500
«
iiooo
101.7
_J
[ Preamp
Direct
Input ,.
— nE? InV^ f
t'j '
|
M
•
*
; 10. OIK
— O *23.6V
C 50mfd
i
Nominal Div. Ratio Actual Div. Ratio (Ei/Eo) Actual/Nominal
1
2
5
10
20
50
100
200
500
1000
1.0068
2. 0108
4.989
10.002
2 0. 008
50.017
100. 13
200. 16
496.5
1009. 1
Figure 7-3. Divider Box Schematic
1.0068
1.0054
0.9978
1.0002
1.0004
1.0004
1.0013
1.0008
0. 9930
1.0091
7-9
-------
RECOMMENDA TIONS
1. For emission tests a standard source should be incorporated between the
receiver chopper and the receiver telescope to check signal levels.
2. Tweak the detection toroid after each move before testing.
3. In the transmission mode of operation a slit height of about twice h would
be used to reduce signal noise (from that with height a h ). Because the
relative source to reference signal is reduced, the rsig control will have
to be increased by roughly the same factor of two.
4. The System Operating Log should be expanded (perhaps to 11 x 17) to
include the source and reference chopper frequencies (or, at least, if each
is on or off) and also the value of T sig. A section for notes should be
included; more copious notes in the field tests would have greatly aided
the data analysis.
8-1
-------
9
REFERENCES
1.. Design and Construction of a System for Remote Optical Sensing of Emissions
(ROSE System) M. L. Streiff and C. R. Claysmith, EPA-R2-72-052 or GDC-
DBE-72-001, January 1972.
2. C. B. Ludwig, Applied Optics 10, 1057(1971).
3. C. B. Ludwig, M. Griggs, W. Malkmus and R. Battle, Air Pollution
Measurements by Satellite, NASA (in press).
4. C. B. Ludwig, R. Bartle and M. Griggs, NASA CR1380 (July 1969).
5. F. Volz Arch. Met. Geophys. Biokl. B, 10 p. 100 (1959).
6. R. H. Pierson, et al, Analytical Chemistry 28 , 1218 (1956).
9-1
-------
TM 6-125PH-336
CONTRACT NO. WA-4800
APPENDIX I
AIR POLLUTION MEASUREMENTS
IN THE INFRARED
SEPTEMBER 1971
SUBMITTED TO:
GENERAL DYNAMICS
Convair Aerospace Division
BY
GENERAL DYNAMICS
Electro Dynamic Division
P.O. Box 2507, Pomona, California 91766
A-0
-------
AIR POLLUTION MEASUREMENTS IN THE INFRARED
FOREWORD
The General Dynamics Electro Dynamics Division, Pomona operation was
funded under a subcontract (WA 4800) to General Dynamics, Convair Aerospace
Division to assist in conducting a series of infrared spectral measurements
for the Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
The primary objectives of these measurements were to demonstrate the
feasibility of detecting and identifying air pollutants and to compare
measurement data taken with three different instruments. The instruments
used in the measurements were:
(1) Convair Grating Spectrometer
(2) Bendix Filter Wheel Spectrometer and
(3) Pomona Operation Interferometer Spectrometers
The Pomona operation acknowledges the cooperation of Mr. G. Rounds of
Kaiser Steel Corporation, Fontana, California, Mr. W. Faulkner of the Air
Pollution Control District, Los Angeles, California, and Mr. T. Banks of the
Pomona Valley Community Hospital, Pomona, California, for providing the
Pomona operation with data regarding the concentrations of stack effluents
and readings of the APCD Pomona Valley monitoring station.
A-l
-------
SUMMARY
The Pomona operation of General Dynamics, in support of the Environmental
Protection Agency, provided:
(1) liaison service with various industrial personnel to obtain access
to industrial plant property, where required, and analytical
data, whenever possible, on concentrations of stack effluents
(2) selection and surveying of sites for performing atmospheric trans-
mission measurements
(3) transmission measurements of an 1800°K blackbody source over 1
and 2 mile paths, and
(4) emission measurements of selected industrial stacks.
For both measurement functions (items 3 and 4), Michelson type inter-
ferometer spectrometers covering the spectral region from 716 cm"'- to 5000
cm~l were utilized. Both instruments were developed by the Pomona Operation
of General Dynamics. A description of the instruments as well as the measure-
ment and data reduction procedures are provided in the Appendices.
The one mile transmission measurements were performed on June 30, July
1 and July 2, while 2 mile measurements were made on July 27 and 28. The
spectral data along with concentrations of O-^, NO, N02, and CO measured at
the Pomona APCD monitoring station obtained through the courtesy of the
Public Information Service Department of the Los Angeles County Air Pollution
Control District, and meteorological data obtained during the measurements
are presented in Section 1.
Spectral measurements of thermally excited gaseous stack effluents at
Kaiser Steel Corporation, Fontana, California, Southern California Edison
power generating station, Etiwanda, California, and Pomona Valley Community
Hospital were made during the week of 12 July. Spectral data, corrected for
instrument response, along with available data on concentrations of major
pollutants are presented in Section 2.
The transmission and emission measurements demonstrate the efficacy of
interferometer type spectrotnetry in detecting gaseous pollutants in the
atmosphere. Transmission data can, for example, readily detect the presence
of small quanties of ozone while emission measurements can remotely identify
CH4, S02 and CO from stack effluents. The rapid data collection (on the order
of 1 sec per spectrum) coupled with the high resolution of the interferometer
provides obvious advantages particularly if the source emission shows rapid
variations or the source itself is non-stationary (automobiles, airplanes, etc.)
A-2
-------
While the present system requires computer reduction for highest resolution,
instantaneous data (on the order of 1 sec) can also be obtained at reasonable
resolution (8 cm~^), see Figure 20. Moreover, simple state-of-the-art attach-
ments (comnierciallv available) can be utilized to provide highest resolution
data (~lcm"l) for any portion of the spectrum.
A-3
-------
Section 1.0
ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION DATA
1.1 ONE MILE MEASUREMENT
One mile transmission measurements with the Pomona operation inter-
ferometer spectrometer and the 1800°K blackbody source provided by General
Dynamics, Convair were made during the week of June 28, 1971. The location
of source and spectrometers are indicated on the map shown in Figure 1.
The source was placed at an elevation of approximately 50 feet above the
spectrometer location, and the instrumentation was arranged as shown in
the photograph of Figure 20
Hourly average concentrations of NO, N0£, 03, and CO (as provided by
the local air pollution monitoring station) are presented in Tables I through
IV and also in Figures 3 through 6 to indicate the diurnal variations of the
concentrations of the pollutants during the week of June 28, 1971. The
hourly average concentrations show a maximum ozone concentration during the
mid-afternoon hours, while the NO and N0£ concentrations reach a maximum
level during the early morning and late afternoon and evening hours. Carbon
monoxide concentrations are relatively constant throughout the day.
The spectral data in Figures 7 through 9 are presented as relative
intensitites corrected for instrument response only. The mid-ir region
measured with an InSb (pv) detector is shown from 2000 cm"l to 5000 cm~l
while the long wavelength information measured with a HgCdTe detector is
shown from 720 cm~l to 2000 cm'l. In order to present the spectra in
sufficient detail, the entire spectrum was divided into three separate
plots. Figure 7 shows the region from 720 to 2000 cm'1, Figure 8 from 2000 to
3500 cm-1, and Figure 9 from 3500 to 5000 cm-1, The relative intensity scales
of all three figures are approximately identical, i.e., the actual intensities
in Figure 7 (scale values 0 to 8) are considerably lower than those in Fig-
ures 8 and 9 (scale values from 0 to 60).
The bpoctral data clearly indicate the sensitivity of the ozone absorption
to changes in concentration. The ozone absorption at 1042 cm"*- (^3) and
1103 cni'l ( Vi) is of particular interest since it alone of all the gases
of interest is relatively unaffected by interference from water vapor, C02
and N'fl absorption.
The applicability of transmission data in the determination of ozone
concentration in the atmosphere is fully demonstrated in the curves of Figure 10
in which spectra with 3 different ozone concentrations are shown superimposed
with the zero levels of relative intensity displaced slightly. The hourly
average concentrations of ozone at the time of the measurements were
approximately 6, 9 and 13 parts per hundred million and the increased absorp-
tion as the concentration increases is readily discernible.
Figure 11 displays the same information but confined to the spectral
region primarily affected by ozone. The relative magnitude of the 03
absorption becomes more apparent in this figure.
A-4
-------
*LT,oN TT
, IV -' i '-•',s.
1800*K Source Locatton
1 Mile Measurement
Elevation: 860 Feet
Spectrometer Location
10,000 Foot Measurement
Elevation: 790 Feet
Figure 1. Map of the Pomona Area Showing Locations of the 1800°K
Blackbody Source and the Instrumentation for the One and
Two-Mile Transmission Measurements.
A-5
-------
A-6
-------
Table I
HOURLY AVERAGE VARIATION OF OZONE CONCENTRATION (pphm) DURING THE
WEEK OF JUNE 28, 1971
DX^
June 28
29
30
July 1
2
HOI
^
-------
Table III
HOURLY AVERAGE VARIATION OF NITRIC OXIDE CONCENTRATION (pphm) DURING THE
WEEK OF JUNE 28, 1971
J!/^ Hour
June 28
29
30
July 1
2
6
2
8
12
8
7
HOURLY AVERAGE
1^" Hour
June 28
29
30
July 1
2
6
2
6
8
8
11
789
667
10 7 4
11 9 -
9 4 1
7 5 3
VARIATION
789
334
766
9 10 -
10 10 8
15 16 15
10
5
2
-
1
2
OF
10
4
5
-
8
14
11 12 13
4
2
211
1 - -
1 - 2
Table IV
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
WEEK OF JUNE 28
11 12 13
5
5 - -
098
8
10
14
1
1
1
-
2
15
1
1
1
1
1
16
1
1
1
1
1
CONCENTRATION
, 1971
14
4
4
11
-
10
15
5
6
9
12
12
16
5
7
10
16
12
17
1
1
2
1
1
(pphm)
17
4
7
11
21
13
18
1
1
3
2
1
19
2
1
3
3
2
DURING THE
18
4
7
13
26
12
19
4
9
14
25
13
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(HOURLY
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TIME 1115
SOURCE 1800°K BL
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OZONE CONC * 6 PPHM
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DATE 7-J-7I
TIME 5120 POT
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DATE 7-1-71
TIME 1408 POT
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REL HUM 41%
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OZONE CONC 13 PPHM
900
1000
1100 1200
WAVENUMBER (I/CM)
1300
1400
Figure 10. Comparison of the Variation of Ozone
Absorption Over a One-Mile Path for Three
Levels of Ozone Concentration.
A~16
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1.2 1WO MILE TRANSMISSION DATA
The two-mile (nominal) transmission measurements were conducted during
the week of July 26, with the spectrometric equipment again located on General
Dynamics plant property and the 1800°K source located on a hill site
approximately 10,000 feet from the spectrometers at an elevation of 470 ft.
above the spectrometer location as indicated on the map in Figure 1.
The recorded hourly average concentrations during the week of July
26 are presented in Tables V through VIII and also in graphical form in
Figures 12 through 15.
The spectral data for the 2 mile measurements are presented in Figures
16 through 18. The data were again chosen to represent a large variation
in ozone concentration. As expected, the 2 mile measurements show a broadening
of the absorption in the ozone band, which is more due to the increased
contributions of the v-^ fundamental band of ozone centered at 1103 cm" ,
the 1/2 band at 1042 cm"!, and the weak absorption bands of ^0 and C02,
and the numerous 1^0 lines in the same spectral region.
The 10,000 ft atmospheric transmission measurements again clearly
indicate the presence of ozone in the atmosphere and the increased absorption
as the concentration of ozone increases as illustrated in Figure 19 showing
two spectral curves superimposed with a small zero intensity shift.
Other major pollutants such as NO and N02 are not as readily observed
in long path measurements since the major absorption bands of the NOX
molecules are obscured by atmospheric water vapor absorption.
The use of high resolution reference spectra of pure NO or M^ may
lead to the determination of the individual vibration rotation lines in the
transmission spectra, particularly for N02, which has a strong fundamental
(v 2) band at 1260 cm~l and several combination and overtone bands in the
3000 cm~l region. The fundamental of NO at 1887 cm'l lies near the edge
of the 6.3 micron water band and is generally obscured in long path measure-
ments. The carbon monoxide fundamental at 2146 cm'l also has interference
from various isotopes of C02 and from ^0, although the general band shape
of the CO absorption can be observed.
A-18
-------
Table V
HOURLY AVERAGE VARIATION OF OZONE CONCENTRATION (pphm) DURING THE
WEEK OF JULY 26, 1971
Dayx^-<7
^^ Hour
July 26
27
28
29
30
6 7
1 2
1 2
1
1 2
1 1
8 9
3 7
4 6
3 6
4 8
2 3
10 11
10 14
11 15
11 14
9 14
5 7
12
19
20
17
12
12
13
24
22
16
9
7
14
25
19
12
7
6
15
22
14
13
5
10
16
19
14
12
6
6
17
14
11
7
5
9
18
9
6
3
3
7
19
4
3
3
2
3
Table VI
HOURLY AVERAGE
Day^-ff^^
:>^Hour
July 26
27
28
29
30
6 7
3 3
4 5
3 4
5 5
5 5
VARIATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE
8 9
4
4 4
4 4
3 4
3 3
WEEK OF
10 11
3 3
4 4
4 4
3 3
3 3
JULY
12
3
3
4
-
3
26,
13
4
3
3
3
3
CONCENTRATION
1971
14
4
3
2
2
2
15
4
3
3
2
3
16
4
3
3
3
3
(ppm)
17
3
3
3
2
3
DURING THE
18
3
3
3
2
3
19
3
3
3
2
4
A-19
-------
Table VII
HOURLY AVERAGE VARIATION OF NITRIC OXIDE CONCENTRATION (pphm) DURING THE
WEEK OF JULY 26, 1971
^^Tr
July 26
27
28
29
30
HOURLY
°i>^
July 26
27
28
29
30
6 7
5 5
14 17
9 10
17 15
16 12
AVERAGE
6 7
7 7
8 11
7 9
10 14
6 9
8 9 10
11
12 13
14
15
16
5311-1111
7411-1111
7522-1111
4221-1111
10 432-1211
Table VIII
VARIATION OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION
WEEK OF JULY 26, 1971
8 9 10
787
15 13 10
11 14 12
13 11 8
777
11
7
11
11
7
7
12 13
7
6
5
6
10
14
7
8
5
7
6
15
7
11
8
6
6
16
10
11
11
7
11
17
18
1 1
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1
(pphm)
17
8
12
11
4
10
18
9
16
10
6
10
19
2
2
2
2
2
DURING THE
19
11
14
9
5
12
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Figure 13. Diurnal Variation of Carbon Monoxide Measured at the Pomona
Station of the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control
District During the Week of July 26, 1971.
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1.3 REAL TIME DATA
In addition to the computer reduced spectral data shown in Figures 16
to 19, an x-y plotter was utilized to obtain "real time" data, presented in
Figure 20, from a Federal Scientific "Ubiquitous" Spectrum Analyzer. Com-
puter reduced data are also shown to provide a comparison between the real
time data with approximately 8 ctn~l resolution and the computer reduced data
with 2.5 cm~l and 4.0 cm~l resolution respectively. The spectra in Figure 20
and those previously shown clearly indicate the versatility of the interfer-
ometer spectrometer in providing either computer reduced high resolution spectra
expanded to any length, or "real time" data obtainable within seconds of the
actual measurement using the existing hardware. As indicated earlier, this
real time capability can be extended easily to higher resolution (~ 1 cm~l)
with commercially available hardware.
A-29
-------
. I I I I I I il I i l I I I I I I ll r I I I I | I II i i M I I | l r i i i i i I i I i i i i I I i
UBIQUITOUS SPECTRUM OBTAINED
IN "REAL TIME" (UNCALIBRATED)
RESOLUTION <*=8.0CM-1 :
COMPUTER REDUCED SPECTRUM
(CALIBRATED)
RESOLUTION *=4.0 CM-1
COMPUTER REDUCED SPECTRUM
(CALIBRATED)
RESOLUTION »2.5 CM-1
1000
2200
2400 2600
HflVENUMBER (I/CM)
2800
Figure 20. Spectra of an 1800°K Blackbody as Seen Through 10,000 Feet
of Atmospheric Attenuation, Plotted to Three
Different Spectral Resolutions.
A-30
-------
Section 2.0
EMISSION SPECTRA
Measurements of infrared emission from various stacks in the Pomona
area were performed during the week of 7-12-71. The sites selected for
measurement were the Kaiser Steel Corporation plant at Fontana, California,
the Southern California Edison power generating plant at Etiwanda, California
and the Pomona Valley Community Hospital in Pomona, California. The spectral
data presented here were generated by measuring the plumes and adjacent
sky areas successively, and performing spectral subtractions to obtain
contrast spectra between plume plus sky and sky. The spectral subtractions
were necessary since the fields-of-view of the instruments were in all cases
larger than the plume size.
2.1 KAISER STEEL CORP., FONTANA, CALIFORNIA
A view of the stacks at Kaiser Steel Corporation from the measurement site
are shown in the panoramic photograph of Figure 21. The stacks were numbered
as a means of identifying the measurements, and identified as to their functions
by Mr. C. Rounds of the Kaiser Steel Corporation. Stacks 1, 2, and 13 were
measured since each represented a different process. Stack #1 is a coke oven
stack, Stack #2 is a blast furnace stack and Stack #13 is the sinter plant
stack. The remaining stacks are either blast furnaces, coke ovens, or battery
stacks and should have emission spectra similar to those measured. In addition
to the panoramic photograph, thermal image photographs of the various stacks were
taken with an AGA Thermovision unit operating in the 2-5 micron region to provide
a means of quickly identifying the stacks in operation at the time of the
measurement. These thermal images are shown above each of the panoramic photographs.
The fuels for the respective stacks are:
(1) Coke oven and battery - primarily methane and air.
(2) Blast furnace - 25 percent CO, 15 percent C02, 3-1/2 percent H2 and
56 percent N2»
(3) Sinter Plant - Coke breeze (small particles of coke), CaC03, Fe203,
Fe + oil, and a small amount of sulfur found in the coke and oil.
The combustion products of interest in these measurements were S02, H2S,
CO, NO, N02, and
The spectral data from 720 to 4000 cm~l are presented in Figures 22 and 23.
The spectral plots were not continued to 5000 cm"-'- because none of the measure-
ments indicated any discernible emission beyond about 3500 cm"1. Included with the
spectral data are the concentrations of various pollutants determined by chemical
A-31
-------
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.003
-y r 7 r~i r
GREYBOD
(STACK
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Electro Dynamic Division
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DATE 7 13-71
TIME li>22 - 1542 POST
TEMP 102°F
RtL HUM 11%
FUEL COKE BREEZE
ISMALL PARTICLES OF COKEI
ADDITIONAL IMPURITIES
OIL & WATER
STACK EfFlUENT
SPECIE CONC IPPM1
NO], /NO t NO2\ 14 TO 66
. N2 04 /
SO} - 148 TO 392
CH4 .NOT KNOWN
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2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
WflVENUMBER ( I/CM )
Figure 22. Emission Spectra of the Gaseous Effluents
From a Sinter Plant Stack Measured at
Kaiser Steel Corporation, Fontana.
A-33
-------
A-34
-------
analyses, where available. The large number of stacks at Kaiser Steel preclude
chemical analysis at a frequency of more than once a year and the data presented
are the minimum and maximum values measured for the past several years and not
necessarily the concentration at the time of the spectral measurements. The
data does, however, provide some indication of the levels present during the
measurements.
The measurements at the Kaiser Steel Corporation indicate varying degrees
of pollutants from each of the stacks. Particularly noteworthy is the emission
from the sinter plant (#13) (Figure 22) which clearly shows the S02 ( " i + "3)
combination band at 2499 cm'1, the Clfy (^3) fundamental band at 3020 cm'1, and
the CO fundamental at 2146 cm"1. The inserts in Figure 22 are expanded views of
the Sf)2 and CH^ emission clearly indicating the rotation-vibration structure of
the CH^ radiation.
The coke oven stack (#1) measurements (Figure 23) indicate the presence of
CH/ as evidenced by the emission at 3020 cm"1. The blast furnace (#2) measurement
(Figure 23) is of interest in that the only species having any significant radiation
is C02o An anomolous band structure appears in the spectrum of stacks #1 and #2
at 2440 cm""! and it is not known at this time whether this is due to an actual
emission component or data processing limitations at the low intensities involved.
The anamolous structure is absent in the spectrum of the sinter plant stack
(#13). However, the spectrum of the sinter plant stack at 2440 cm"1 shows a
level greater than zero indicating that the S02 and C02 radiation are being
summed. Examination of the spectrum shows that the C02 band "head" near 2440 cm"1
is shifted to lower wavenumbers (band narrowed) indicating that the gas temperature
of the sinter plant stack is somewhat lower than stacks 1 or 2, which would
lead one to surmise that had the gas temperature been somewhat higher, the spectrum
of the sinter plant at 2440 cm"1 would be quite similar to the spectrum of
the Etiwanda power generating station shown in Figure 25, which shows the
summation of S02 and C02 radiation giving a structure at 2440 cm"1 similar to
that seen in Figure 23. The absence of 862 in Figures 22 and 23 does lead
one to question whether the low intensity components have somehow been lost
in the data reduction or subtraction process since they are very close to
the instrument noise limit (the data represent five seconds of actual ob-
servation time).
2.2 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON POWER GENERATING STATION, ETIWANDA, CALIFORNIA
The Southern California Edison Power Station at Etiwanda, California
is shown in the photograph of Figure 24. The stacks measured are numbered
1 and 3, and the spectral data for the respective stacks are included in
Figure 25. Information regarding the concentrations of stack effluents
were unavailable. It is believed that oil is used as the primary fuel with
the resulting combustion products being primarily C02, CO, H20 and a trace
of S02 depending on the sulfur content of the oil. The spectral data par-
ticularly that of Stack #3 (Figure 25) distinctly shows the presence
A-35
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of S02- The ("i + ^3) combination band at 2499 cm-1 and the " l fundamental
band at 1151 cm'l are both easily identified. The emission band near
1350 cm~l is nearly completely masked by water vapor absorption, and not
readily identifiable.
The only other species that is readily identifiable in Figure 25 is
CC>2. An anamolous band and line structure tentatively identified as C02,
appears at 760 cnrl and 790 cm~l, identical to that observed in the Kaiser
Steel measurements (Figure 22).
2.3 POMONA VALLEY COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
The incinerator and boiler stacks at Pomona Valley Community Hospital
were measured on July 15, 1971 primarily to determine whether the burning
of plastics in the incinerator could lead to observable emission of gaseous
combustion products such as HC1. A photograph of the Pomona Valley Community
Hospital stacks is shown in Figure 26. The spectral data are presented
in Figure 27. Examination of the data indicates that the HC1 funda-
mental band at 2880 cm~l is not observable in emission. The greybody radiation
in the spectrum indicates that portions of the stack remained in the field-
of-view of the instruments.
The emission spectra of the stacks at the Pomona Valley Community
Hospital are significant for their lack of gas emission other than that due to
A-38
-------
BOILER INCINERATOR
STACK STACK
A75466-1
Figure 26. Pomona Valley Community Hosiptal,
Pomona, California.
A-39
-------
I
A1ISN3INI
MISN31N1 3AIlb13M
-------
Section 3.0
CONCLUSION
The infrared transmission spectra at 1 and 2 mile paths and the
emission spectra of various industrial stacks clearly demonstrate the
applicability of the interferometer spectrometer to air pollution measure-
ments. The rapid data collection combined with high sensitivity and resolution
provide for a superior monitoring tool. The one disadvantage of existing
systems, namely that the interferograms generated by the instrument require
transformation from the time to frequency domain, is easily overcome by
the availability of small special purpose computers and spectrum analyzers
which can provide real time spectral information much faster than other
systems. To a degree this was demonstrated in Figure 20 which shows,
even with the existing equipment, sufficient resolution to obtain quantitative
data particulary with respect to ozone absorption measurements at 1042 cm
and 1103 cm"1.
The detection and quantitative determination of ozone concentrations
through long path atmospheric transmission measurements in the infrared
appear to be highly promising as indicated in the spectral data of Section
1. Less promising is the detection of the oxides of nitrogen other than
N20- But this is not a shortcoming of the interferometer. The fundamental
vibrational frequencies of both nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide fall
within the strong water vapor absorption bands, and neither band nor line
structure can be determined with any degree of confidence. The possibility
of finding overtone or combination band structure is, however, real,
particularly the ( v •> + v^) combination band of N02 at 2905 cm~l and the
(2 v ^ +^3) combination band of N02 at 4180 cm~l. These combination bands
will have interference from methane and water vapor, respectively, but are
sufficiently removed from the band centers of the interfering gases to
possibly permit the identification of rotation-vibration lines with high
resolution spectrometers (better than 1 cm~l), or possibly some band structure
with lower resolution instruments. In this context, Figures 28 and 29
are included to indicate the possibility that N0£ absorption of the (y-^ + "3)
combination band at 2905 cm~l could be responsible for the significant
difference in the overlays of 2 sets of spectral curves at ranges of 1 mile
and 10,000 ft respectively. There is not, however, conclusive evidence that
NC>2 absorption is responsible for the differences, and the curves are
presented to suggest the possibility that further study in this particular
area may be of value.
The measurements of infrared radiation from industrial stacks also
have proved successful in remotely detecting pollutants. Of primary signi-
ficance in these measurements were the detection of S02, CO, and CH^.
The high "through-put" of the interferometer spectrometer is of particular
value in detecting the weak ( v ^ + V%) combination band of 862 and the ("3)
fundamental of methane (CH^.).
A-41
-------
I
S-i
O
c
o
1-1 •
OCX
0) 4-1
OS 0)
04
I— I
01 4)
l-l •-<
(X HI
w c
O
04 U3
4-1
-------
I
o
U-l
c
o
MX:
0) 4J
o S
0) I
a o
g
CM W
U
0) C
.c cu
<•» E
0)
U-4 ^1
O 3
en
c cd
o aj
w S
•H
>J r-l
n) ca
& ^
B -i-1
o o
o 0)
ex
co
CTv
CM
p
60
•i-J
A-43
-------
APPENDIX
1. INSTRUMENTATION
Two Michelson-type interferometer spectrometers were used to obtain spectral
data over the 2 to 14 micron region. One interferometer using an LN2 cooled
InSb (PV) detector covered the region from 2-5.4 microns while the second inter-
ferometer equipped with an LN2 cooled HgCdTe detector obtained useful data from
3.5 to 14 microns. The characteristics of both interferometers are tabulated
in Table A-L.
The principal element in the interferometer is an optical cube consisting
of a Pomona operation developed beam splitter, a fixed front surfaced mirror and
a moving mirror driven by a servo-controlled system developed by Idealab, Incorporated,
in a traingular sweep to obtain linear mirror movement.
The optical cube is shown in schematic form in Figure A-l. As indicated in
the schematic, the single cube is used for the information channel, a laser
reference and a white light synchronization pulse. The sync pulse is used to
locate the exact center of the interferogram for coherent averaging of successive
interferograms (when desired). The laser provides the digitizing clock and wave-
length reference.
Both instruments were equipped with f/8 collecting optics with the 2-5 micron
interferometer having a 10 inch diameter collecting mirror and the 3.5-14 micron
interferometer having a 12 inch diameter collecting mirror. A photograph of the
2-5 micron interferometer with associated control and monitoring electronics
is shown in Figure A-2. The design allows for variations in the field-of-view
from a few milliradian to several degrees by means of quick-change foreoptics
elements.
2. DATA ACQUISITION AND REDUCTION PROCEDURE
The data acquisition and reduction procedure is illustrated in Figure A-3.
The analog interferogram is converted to digital form and recorded on an HP 3950A
wideband FM tape recorder. IRIG timing and voice annotation are also included
on separate channels of the recorder. A hybrid digital system has been adopted
to eliminate the dominant tape noise in a purely analog recording system at the
expense of introducing an additional processing step as opposed to a pure digital
system, primarily because of it's high cost and large space requirements. A
flow char of the hybrid system is shown in Figure A-4. The interferogram is
sampled by a 15 bit A/D converter and transferred to interface unit 1. The inter-
face unit 1 converts the binary data into a pulse-code modulated (PCM) form which
is then recorded on the HP 3950A recorder. The PCM data can be played back into
interface unit 2 and either be decoded for monitoring purposes in the field or
reforn.ated on digital tape through the IBM 1800 computer for data reduction.
A-44
-------
TABLE A-l
PRINCIPAL INTERFEROMETER CHARACTERISTICS
Item
Model Designation
(Drive Mechanism)
Wavenumber Region
of Operation
Optical Resolution
Spectrum Recording
Rates
Detector
Detector Lens
Detector Cooling
Foreoptics/Field-
of-View (50%)
Wavelength
Reference
Interferometer #1
IF-3
1850 to 5000 cm-1
~ 2.5 cm'1
1 per 2.5 sec.
1.0mm dia. InSb (PV)
1/4" dia. silicon
Liquid Nitrogen
10" dia./2m. rad.
0.63282/i HeNe Laser
Interferometer #2
IF-3
716 to 2500 cm-1
1 per 4.5 sec.
2 x 2mm HgCdTe
1 1/4" dia. Germanium
Liquid Nitrogen
12" dia. /6m rad.
0. 63282 /i HeNe Laser
A-45
-------
FIXED MIRROR—4
LASER DETECTOR
f/1 LENS
TARGET
DETECTOR
f/8
FOREOPTICS
WHITE
LIGHT
SOURCE
WHITE LIGHT DETECTOR
'/r
/ \ '• *•—'ulr— SYNC PULSE
INTERFEROGRAM
-"WWW LASER CLOCK
Figure A-l. Optical Layout of
Michelson Interferometer.
Figure 4-2. Interferometer With Control and
Monitor Electronics.
A-46
-------
FIELD MEASUREMENT PROCESSING DATA REDUCTION
TARGET^ INTERFER-
| . 1 .-, OGRAM .
INTERFEROMETER
SPECTROMETER
t
CALIBRATION
SOURCE
IRIG
TIMING
RANGE
DATA
METEOROLOGICAL
DATA
• i
LASER REF .
WHITE LIGHT
PULSE
ANALOG
TO DIGITAL
CONVERSION
SYSTEM
WIDE BAND
TAPE
RECORDER
V
DIGITAL
MAGNETIC
TAPE
t
IBM 1800
COMPUTER
t
DECODER
COHERENT
AVERAGING OF
INTERFEROGRAMS
COOLEY-TUKEY
FAST FOURIER
TRANSFORM
ALGORITHM
r /
CALCULATE 1 I
1 FUNCTION \ / <
V
K i &
"V KCOM.
r \«w
1 t
IRIG
SEARCH &
CONTROL
UNIT
^
100 \
'UTER,
TEM/
.'OHRECTION
/
CALCOMP
PLOTTER
TARGET
SIGNATURE
LIBRARY
TAPE
Figure A-3. Data Acquisition and Reduction
and Procedures Block Diagram.
INTERFEROGRAM
LASER
WHITE LIGHT
PULSE
15 BIT A/D
CONVERTER
MAX. RATE
200 kHz
REFORMATING
DIGITAL INTERFACE
NO 1
REFORMATING
DIGITAL INTERFACE
NO. 2
IBM 1800
COMPUTER
Figure A-4. Hybrid Digital/Analog Recording
System Block Diagram.
A-47
-------
At the conclusion of the field measurements, the analog tape is decoded and
played into an IBM 1800 computer at which time selected portions of the data to
be analyzed are put in the proper format on digital tape compatible with
the CDC 6400 computer used for the actual data reduction process. The inter-
ferograms, single or co-added, are operated on by the Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier
transform algorithm to transform the interferograms from the time domain to the
frequency domain. Compensation for the non-linear response of the optical and
electrical system is achieved by comparing an uncompensated calibration blackbody
spectra to Planck's equation at the temperature of the source. The instrument
response curve derived by this process is then used to compensate subsequently
measured data.
The correspondence between frequency and wavelength or wavenumber is established
through the laser reference and used to correctly plot the abscissa scale
for all data during the run. The ordinate scale is automatically determined for
the calibration and the data by providing the computer with information relating
to the calibration source. Plots of spectral data are generated by a Cal-Comp
digital plotter. In addition, the spectral data is stored on a library tape for
future use in various applications.
A-48
-------
APPENDIX II
TABLE A. 1 - BAND STRENGTHS AND BAND-AVERAGED ABSORPTION
COEFFICIENTS AND FINE STRUCTURE PARAMETERS
OF POLLUTANTS*
A
Species (cm)
CO 4.6
2.3
CO 10.0
4.9
2.9
2.0
SO 8. 7
4.0
NO2 ** 7.6
. 3.4
NO 5. 3
N20 8. 1
4.5
3.9
2.9
Nil 10.4
3.0
1ICIIO 3.5
HO 9.0
5.3
4.7
3.3
3.0
2.4
2.0
Transition
0 - 1
0-2
"3-".
V "2
3 "2 " "i * V3
'i 1' * V
2 3
'"l*".
V
1
V
I
V*3
0-1
!
"l
2 "2
"3
V"i
"l* "3
"2
'3
'4
cm*1'
I960 - 2240
4180 - 4320
880 - 1100
1880 - 2180
3460 - 3560
4700 - 5160
1040 - 1260
2340 - 2640
1200 - 1440
2800 - 2980
17CO - 1960
1120 - 1340
2140 - 2260
2460 - 2640
3300 - 3500
660 - 1210
3100 - 3660
2620 - 3140
9GO - 12CO
1760 - 1980
1980 - 2240
2900 - 3140
3140 - 3460
3980 - 4360
4700 - 5160
A*
-i
cm
280
140
220
300
100
460
220
300
240
180
220
220
120
180
200
560
560
020
300
220
200
240
320
380
460
No.
Lines
142
40
419
448
112
596
6311
3073
2583
1410
305
235
942
210
242
477
473
1861
129
370
186
"203
4
-------
table A-2 - Band Model Parameters for CO in 5 and 20 cm'1 intervals.
Au'
(I/cm)
I960
1965
1970
1975
1960
I960
1985
1990
1995
1980
2000
2005
2010
2015
2000
2020
2025
2030
2035
2020
20<<0
201.5
2050
2055
?0i<0
2060
2065
2070
2075
2060
?0£0
2065
?090
2095
2060
2100
2105
2110
2115
1965
1970
1975
1960
1930
1985
1990
1995
2000'
2000
2005
2010
2015
20?0
2020
20?5
2030
2C35
201.0
201.0
201.5
2050
2055
2060
2060
2065
207D
2075
2000
2060
eo?1;
2c<)3
2095
2100
2100
2100
?110
2111
?1?0
k(300K)
(1/cm-ntm)
l.l^OOOOE-05
2.62ooooz-05
I..9600CGE-05
8.720000E-05
<».
i.r.S'if'.oir-o?
?.52?907f-0?
Aw
(I/cm)
2120
2125
2130
2135
2120
211.0
21".5
2150
2155
2H.O
2160
21 C5
2170
2175
21CO
2160
2165
2190
2195
2180
2200
• 2205
2210
2215
2200
2220
2225
2230
2235
2220
2?i.O
22<«5
2250
2255
22<.0
2125
2130
2130
211.0
2H.O
2H.5
2150
2155
2160
7160
2165
2170
2175
2180
2180
2165
2190
2195
2200
2200
22 05--
2210
2215
2220
2220
2225
2230
2235
221.0
22««0
22«.5
2250
2255
2260
2260
k(300K)
(1/cm-atm)
1.S170I40E + 00
i.3i7e«.oe-*oo
l.CS61?OE-»00
1. li.?3?OE-tCO
1.205630E*00
2.538000f-02
^.036«•OOE-01
1.916710E-»00
1.'.2903^E+00
9.«t«.2'.10E-01
1.6S517eE-tOO
3.712002C400
1.910730E-tOO
3.610112E-»CO
2.722005E400
l.tOf-6'.i.E^OO
l.'.J'.266E-tOO
2.30830lF-fOO
1.593636E-+00
1.735712E-+00
5.6600&0f-01
7.730000E-01'
2.I.82000E-01
3.09COOOE»-01
E-02
1.791H2E-02
1.061575fT-02
1.05»652E-02
1.999720E-02
1.913159E-02
l.<.6a36«.E-02
9.260309E-03
1.677I.63--';;
6.603000 -03
1.6
1.153738E-02
1.37T639E-B2
1.373985E-02
1.37090CF-0?
1.369725E-02
1. 01871. «.E-02
2100
1.6I.108JE-C2
A-50
-------
Table A-2 - Band Model Parameters for CO in 5 and 20 cm" intervals
Aw
(1/atrn)
4180
4185
4190
4195
4180
4200
4205
4210
4215
4200
4225
4230
4235
4220
4240
4245
4250
4255
4240
4260
4265
4270
4275
4200
4280
4205
4260
4300
4310
4190
4200
4200
4220
4220
4225
1.230
4235
4240
4240
4250
4255
4260
4260
4265
4270
4275
4280
4280
4265
429t>
4295
4300
4300
4305
4310
4315
4320
k(300K)
0/cm-atm)
3.771603E-03
1.3ot755E-02
6.290724E-03
9. 075409E-03
1.35F-0?
1.5^952F-02
2.6C.?9?8E-02
1.C13C02E- 02
7.149660E-03
3.712&73E-03
1.19574&E-02
3.78655<3£i.65r-02 ,
1.8'50267F-02
a (300K)
(1/atm)
l.OOOOOOE-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
1.994595E-02
1.215339E-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
l.OOGOOOE-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
1.090000F-02
9.944061E-0?
l.COOCOOE-02
1.000nOOE-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
1.000000E-C2
9.998602^-03
1.997892E-02
l.OOOOOOF-02
l.OOOCOOE-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
1.192743E-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
1.993241F-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
1.1S6508E-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
1.999997F-02
1.999553E-02
l.OOOOOOE-02
1.438656f>02
, 1.997541E-02
1.995587C-02
1.993?30E-02
1 .990509E-02
4300 4320 1.574C42E-02 1.697163E-02
A-51
-------
Table A-3 -Band Model Parameters for CO2 in 5 and 20 cm"1 Intervals.
Aw
(I/cm)
860
665
890
695
680
900
905
910
915
900
920
925
930
935
920
91.0
91.5
950
955
90
91.5
950
955
960
960
965
970
975
960
980
k(300K)
ao(300K)
(1/cm-atm)
i.
2
i.
7
3
1
2
3
3
2
5
6
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
2
9
2
«!
3
2
.Mf>9S<.F.-07
.036S70E-06
.070&96E-06
.HM6ir-06
.i.3835f.E-06
,215i.8Ce-05
.117769F-05
.20MOSE-05
.5H.707E-05
.51303BE-05
. 786376^-05
.msotr-os
.60f-7i?5E-Oi.
.&90679E-0".
.i2?73ee-o«i
.0&?910E-0«t
.319027F-C1.
.751116E-0'.
.2652&&E-Oit
.60i<83'JE~0<«
•7712&FF-05
.&OCS
(I/cm)
980
985
990
995
960
1000
1005
1010
1015
10CO
1020
1025
1030
1035
1020
101.0
1045
1050
1055
105
1060
1060
1065
1070
1075
1060
1080
1085
1090
1095
1100
2
5
9
.65562«.E-Oit
. «t«il.539c-0ii
.9*5830^-01*
5
6
6
5
<.
2
it
2
2
2
3
5
i.
6
i>
5
6
(1/atm)
,5d8925£-02
.78«b51«.F-02
.631503E-02
.321.597E-02
.«.^5178E-02
.765829E-02
.08901.0E-02
.776913E-0?
.7806I.9E-02
.566877E-OZ
.5203<<9E-02
.9I.14969E-02
.720071.E-0?
.167159E-0?
.6315t»5E-02
. 07<*37flE™0?
.623037E-02
1.06207eE-03 7.57«13ftt-02
6
.Od6865£-0ii
8.51i«533E-0<»
3.23326'tr-Oi.
5.
555637E-OI*
1.337755F-03
1.1.70025E-03
9.
216673E-01.
1.0898MF.-03
6.
3,
, 139381.F-OI.
, 06SS91.E-0'.
'6.50<.9&5F-05
7
b
.553356E-02
.6681«»7E-02
1.008995E-01
6.
e.
9.
6.
,38<»37!.E-0?
,82<.586E-02
. 096056E-02
, 29.07«i3E-0?
1.0I.5956E-01
1.
1,
2,
,2?>5518E-01
.773993E-01
,C32«.19E-01
1060 1100 5.1S9395F-0<« 1.
A-52
-------
Table A. 3 - Band Model Parameters for CO2 in 5 and 20 cm
-1
intervals.
Aw
(I/cm)
ieno
1685
1690
1695
1680
1900
1905
1910
1915
1900
1920
1925
1930
1935
1920
19<<0
19d5
1950
1955
mo
I960
1965
1970
1975
1960
19CO
1985
1990
19"95
1980
2000
2005
2010
2015
2000
2020
2025
2030
20X5
2020
1685
1690
1895
1900
1900
1905
191*
1915
1920
1920
1525
1930
1935
191,0
191.0
191,5
1950
1955
I960
I960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1980
1965
1990
J995
2000
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2020
2025
2030
?035
201.0
201.0
k(300K)
(1/cm-ntm)
0.
0.
i.
<..
i.
1.
3,
3,
**•
3.
6.
2.
5.
11 •
1.
6.
6.
d.
3.
5,
1.
8.
3.
1.
8.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
?>
2.
7.
3.
1.
994D17F-05
53910.1E-05
6I.5750F-05
Ci.75f.lF-Od
012J79£-Od
833997F-OI.
9?-<317E-Od
?0«,3l«,E-8*
3S',579r-Od
6isos5r-o<.
2Grqi, ?e-0"?
23?003F-Oi,
6df.153F.-03
006&03F-0".
092?f.9E-Od
9?1961E-Od
29«13E-Od
07901 2F-Od
8f.31fli.r-0l.
99?166F.-05
72f76?r-05
331.332E-05
1717S6E-05
609092F-06
ll'.?7?e.eoo2
(I/cm)
201,0
20<«5
2050
2055
201,0
2060
2065
2070
2075
2060
2080
2065
2090
2095
2060
2100
2105
2110
2115
2100
2120
2125
2130
2135
2120
211.0
211.5
2150
2155
21
-------
Table A.3 - Band Model Parameters for CO, in 5 and 20 cm* intervals.
Au>
(I/cm)
k(300K)
(1/cm-alm)
ao(300K)
(1/atm)
3«,*>0 31.65 0.
3J.65 31.70 0.
3«.70 ?i.75 5.
31.80 9.
l.OOOOOCE+00
I.OOOCOOE*CO
3<>60
31.80
34P5
3«.90 31.95
3500
Z.01r?76F-Oi.
2.792?9?F-02
3*80 3500 !
?«iOO 350? i
3505 3510 6.5?7?H.r-03
3510 3515 7.9?737Ct>03 it. 30i«3n?r-02
3515 35?0 7.585i.e?E-03 5.737I.31E-02
3520 3525 U.6S?2i.c»F-03 6. ?fl073lF-o2
3525 3530 1.378737E-03 7. M1 ?7f <:-02
3570 3535 7, ei.'.ll'^F.-OJ 1.1 ?7^t)CE—01
3535 351.0 1.183303E-02 1. OOf>93t;E-01
3«;20 351.0 6.«i77039r-H3 8.(.00f '.?E-02
12 1.3«.8f-S?r-01
3540
351.5 3550
3550 3555
3555 3560
351.0 3560 2.721213E-0?
1.1037/fF-Ol
1.281Cf.BE-01
A-54
-------
Table A. 3-Band Model 1'nrameters for CO0 in 5 and 20 cm intervals.
Aw k(300K)
(I/cm) (1/cm-ntm)
?0(300K)
1,71.0
fc7£,5
£.750
£.750
".755
£.760
I.7CC
I.7G5
£.770
£.775
£.770
£.775
£.780
£,7CD £.780
£.780
£.765
£.785
£.790
£.755
£.700
«.eoo
£.605
(.810
t.615
£.600
£.800
£.605
£.810
£.015
£.620
£.600 £.620
f.8?0
i»6?0
£.670
£.825
£.830
f.Sf.0
£»8f.O
t.O'.O
«.B50
£.850
£.855
£.860
£.865
£.670
£.875
£.660 £.880
£.685
<»890
£.805
£.900
£.885
£.690
£.895
«,880 £.900
(.900
£.905
(.910
«t9J5
(.900
£,910
*.9?5
£.9 JO
(..?!•; f,»7F-05
0.
3.290?£ff-05
5.£
l.OOOOOOP.OO
£..197265E-J12
£.760 3.1190?1F-05 3.
5.1".1! '
6.'
6.:
1.
7.
2.
3.'.
3.!
£..1
8.??S51f.E-02
8.333?9U-02
6.
7.1?E-02
1.0&l9l9r-0l
8.981I?31E-0?
k(300K)
(I/cm -aim)
»0(300K)
(1/atm)
".15*
£.155
1,961
i.e?ic?oc-02
£.965
£.970
£.975
(i960
7.670157C-C2
8.3H2789F-02
7.37H15£-0?
r.7£,«,09eE-02
7.295232E-02
6.T05100E-02
1.961626r-i)2
(i960
£.968
£,965
1.990
50C9
5809
5005
5810
5015
«.995
1.968
5008
5005
5016
S015
5000 5020
501.5
5050
5055
5060
2.925170F-02
2.678?16F-02
1.
2.»71«.5CE-02
9.18f60rE-03
5002
5.£.56615^-02
6.760565^-0?
7.063932^-02
8.817157r-0?
6.616910E-02
5106 512t> 6.733212F.-03 8. J 0.5259E-02
5120
5125
5130
$135
$1?5
5130
51 ?5
sue
3.909078E-03
1.907729F-03
7.758350E-0?
1.177£.86E-01
1.635005F-C1
5120 5UO 1.9I5563E-03 1.020752E-01
51 £.5
5150
5155
£.91.0
5U8
51«.5
5150
5155
51«it 5168
8.f»051f.{>F-05
0.
1.250768E-01
1.103607F-01
9.^1d020'>0?
1.000000F«00
7,57835f.E-02
A-55
-------
-1
Table A. 4- Band Model Parameters for SOj in 5 and 20 cm intervals.
(I/cm)
1040
1045
1050
1055
1040
1060
1065
1070
1075
1060
1060
1085
1000
1095
1060
1100
1105
1110
1115
1100
1120
1125
1130
1135
1120
1140
1145
1150
1155
1140
1045
1050
1055
1060
1060
lOf.5
1070
1U75
1050
1030
1085
1090
1095
11 00
1100
1105
1110
11 1-5
1120
1120
1125
1130
1135
1140
1140
11 '.5
1150
1155
llf.O
11 CO
k(300K)
(1/cm-atm)
?.
1.
7.
2.
1.
3.
3.
3.
7.
4.
1.
1.
2.
3.
2.
4.
5«
6.
7.
5.
7.
9.
9.
9.
8.
e.
6.
6.
1.
6.
151834<:-02
310995E-02
'i65£ HF-03
4109n3f-02
655079E-02
80f,451E-02
•?f..1<22CE-02
902197E-02
905212E-02
744231E-02
397Q75E-01
646241F-01
355C~~01
4?074 i "-01
026137^-01
7?7001E-01
42fi08ir-01
18329Qf-Ql
397n6B(>01
934214F-01
985P88E-01
97s?f,f-C-01
170f.i.f)C-01
9f,'j9'J'.E-01
0843(.7f-iflO
7405C2E-01
ao(300K)
(1/ntm)
9<
3.
5.
1.
7.
2.
6.
1.
1.
6.
1.
1.
1,
2.
1.
t.
1 >
1.
1.
1.
?.
2.
2.
2.
*•
2.
2.
2.
?•
2.
119?*OE-02
453861E-02
244718E-02
12541f,E-01
136461E-02
439590E-01
994772E-01
126-<57E*00
479112E*00
459449E-01
705?97E*00
434754E«00
292353T+00
453339E*00
e899S6E+00
127U17EI-00
9^9320E400
93D79C?+00
877171E*00
947601E*00
042507E+00
239'i5?E + 00
31735?F«00
160237E«00
18*252E*00
?20101E*00
331354E»CO
179096E*00
445188E»00
264638E+00 .
Aw
(I/cm)
1160
1165
1170
1175
1160
1180
1165
1190
1195
1160
1200
1205
1210
1215
1200
1220
1225
1230
1235
1220
1240
1245
1250
1255
1240.
1165
1170
1175
1160
1180
lies
1190
1195
1200
1200
1205
1210
1215
1220
1220
1225
1230
1235
1240
1240
1245
1250
12*5
1260
1260
k(3@OK)
(1/ena-atm)
j.
l.
l.
i.
1.
9.
8.
6.
6.
7.
5.
3.
3.
2.
3.
1.
1.
1.
1.
6.
5.
5.
5.
e76796FT400
0«6e42£+00
074<3<.?F">00
?6<.t5ie-01
Q16254E400
776472F-01
t77241f-01
95011Sc-01
276525r-01
795089E-01
206751E-01
7352EOE-01
3TCf92E-01
239Z30E-01
637988C-01
982987E-01
097415E-01
203697E-01
«56512E-01
17857SC-02
605424E-02
657561E-02
661093C-02
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
t
1
1
1
1
1
9
6
9
7
6
3
5
aQ(300K)
(1/atm)
.364475S»00
.222371E+CO
.070205E«00
.749699E»00
.10041I.E+CO
.690513E*00
.793747E+00
.712538£»00
.789129E*00
.788506E+00
,769683E*00
.487231F«00
.405702E+CO
.16S621E+00
.449949E»00
.156111E«00
.993011E-01
.145769S-01
.1693076-01
.1936-ME-01
.139656E-01
I233667E-01
.227796E-01
A-56
-------
Table A. 4 - Band Model Parameters for SO, In 5 and 20 cm" intervals.
Aw
(I/cm)
231,0
23".5
2350
2355
23-0
2360
2365
2370
2375
2360
231.0
23o5
2390
2395
23bO
21.05
21.10
2M5
2<.00
21.20
21.25
21.30
21.35
21.20
21.50
21.55
21.1.0
21.60
21.70
21.75
21.60
21. BO
2i,o5
2i»90
p(. ur
2*»o Q
231.5
2350
2355
2360
2360
2365
2370
2373
2343
23oO
2365
2330
23^5
21.00
21.00
21,05
21.10
2<«15
21,20
21,20
21,25
21.30
21.35
21,1.0
21.1.0
2i< 1.5
21.50
21.55
21.60
21.60
21,65
21.70
21,75
2i.dO
21,35
21,90
24-35
2500
2500
k(300K)
(1/cm-ntm)
0.
0.
3.09oO*dE-OU
7.?j2o20E-05
y.56di»51E-05
1.2916£.oE-0<.
3.&I.295&E-01*
9.<t>d73E-0<«
0.
3.1.16238E-03
2.U3621E-03
1.59811SO03
0.
1..362732E-03
2.5d2558C-03
1. 3326S1.E-03
7.63?305E-03
0.
1. 11.1301E-82
5.2211.51E-03
6. 1.07331.E-03
1.1.33933C-02
1.5307U1.E-02
3. 15I.679E-02
1.6900tl2E-02
5.2701.32C-02
9. J2731.6E-02
1.I.79137E-01
2.1.52213E-01
1.360262E-01
3.003053E-01
3.oO?703E-01
3.295310E-01
7.55d3i7£-01
i..i.Htdi.6E-01
ao(300K)
(1/atm)
l.OOOOOOE^OO
1.000000E*80
3.052613E-02
1.600000E-02
1.127927E-02
1.600000E-I2
1.600006E-82
3.06515dE-02
2.1591.B1E-02
J.191703E-02
i.eoooooEtoo
I..169161E-02
1..131373E-02
2.71.2373E-02
l.OOOOOOE+00
i..3251i.dE-02
5.2i.dl2BE-02
3.UI.897E-02
2. 191223E-02
6.1P8569E-02
1.000000E*00
6.639772E-02
3. 756566E-02
1.0995o7E-01
3.181.393E-01
6.632601.E-01
0.391261.E-01
i..72»606E-01
1. Otti783E+00
1.31-1.552E + 00
1.235315E+00
1.0301.17E*»0
1.656309E+00
6.2d9136E+00
2.7i.0953E«00
Aw
(I/cm)
2500
2505
2510
2515
2500
2526
2525
2530
2535
2520
2540
2550
2555
251,0
2560
2565
2570
2575
2560
2560
2565
2590
2595
- 2560
2600
2605
2610
2615
2600
2620
2625
2630
2635
2620
2505
2518
2515
2520
2520
2525
2530
2535
251.0
251.0
251.5
2550
2555
2560
2560
2565
2570
2575
2580
2580
2585
2590
2595
2600
2600
2605
2610
2615
2620
2620
2625
2630
2635
261.0
261.0
k(300K)
(1/cm-atm)
6.027603E-01
<•. J3o562£-01
-------
Table A. 5 - Band Model Parameters for NO_ in 5 and 20 cm" intervals.
Aw
(I/cm)
1200
1205
1210
1215
1200
1220
1225
1230
1235
1220
1240
1245
1250
1255
1240
12fcO
1265
1270
1275
1260
1260
1265
1290
1295
1280
1300
1305
1310
1315
1300
1205
1210
1215
12?D
1220
12?5
12 JO
1235
1240
1240
1245
1250
1255
12F.O
12f.D
1265
1270
1275
32CO
1260
1265
1390
1295
1300
1300
1305
1310
'1315
1320
1320
k(300K)
(1/cm-atm)
6.
7 •
7.
1.
9.
1.
?.
1.
1.
1.
3.
2.
3.
4.
3.
2.
4.
6.
3.
4.
8.
5.
4.
7.
6.
6.
3.
7.
7.
6.
C-'OCf,CF-0?
1r)0421F-0?
76'5»4>'f -0?
<,6«360E>01
£>1595«r-f)2
P94617E-01
i,?593qr-oi
4"i.53SF-01
t> 029 IIP- 01
f.3?077E-01
3775WE-01
"9?"»6£-01
?'.CC67E-01
44?'.9?E-01
?499?5E-01
5i<;5?5E-oi
3?C047F-01
11C620E-01
lE-Ol
8T2f.r.5E-01
ao(300K)
(1/atm)
8.
3.
5.
6.
5.
4.
e.
3.
5.
5.
6.
5.
7.
6.
6.
4.
6.
7.
6.
6.
6.
7.
5.
6.
6.
7.
4.
5.
5.
5.
2T3?05£-ni
5F4795E-01
?69614f-01
437247E-01
R63410E-01
274fcl&«:_o1
556'.2t01
375714E-01
5.
4.
r
* .
6.
aQ(300K)
(1/atm)
51124CE-C1
C12202E-01
&93518E-01
037167E-01
5.2097?7f,-oi 5.f.21117E-01
7
9
3
5
.250039F-01
.65?04?T-oi
•S5^07CE-01
.831324E-01
6.654369E-01
1,
. 042469E+00
4. 04S1.30E-01
4.C,52t;&
-------
Table A. 5 -
Band Model Parameters for NO, In 5 and 20 cm
-1
Intervals.
Aw
(I/cm)
2600
2805
2610
2615
2600
2820
2825
2830
2835
2820
2840
2645
2850
2655
2640
2660
v2665
2870
2675
2860
2880
2665
2690
2695
2660
2900
2905
2910
2915
2900
2920
2925
2930
2935
2920
2940
2950
2955
2940
2960
2965
2970
2975
2605
2610
2615
2620
2620
2825
2630
2£>35
2640
2840
2845
2850
2855
2660
2860
2865
2870
2875
2880 ,
2880
2665
2690
2695
' 2900
2900
2905
2910
2915
2920
2920
2925
2930
2935
2940
2940
2945
2950
2950
2960
2960
2960
2970
2970
2960
k(300K)
.(1/cm-atm)
2.726722E-04
2.439914E-03
1.054555E-D3
1.336027E-03
1.275792E-03
4.256886E-03
3.742421C-03
1.120163E-02
6.505415E-03
2.004062E-02
3. 340169F-02
0.005520E-02
7.751526E-02
4.525319E-02
1.374496E-ni
2.434359E-01
3.721'.37£-01
5.671fll2E-01
3.313026E-01
8.43283'iE-Ol
1. 08016SC+00
9. 429561E-01
1. 007706E«CO
7.90647CE-01
*i • SS^S^GE^Ol
1. • 53?6d^£+OQ
1.907525E*00
1.171585E+00
5. 709847E-01
2. 16166t,t'-01
1.122653E-01
5.251100E-01
7. 873895002
1.623097f-02
3.72687ir-02
1. 16971CE-02
7.222UH.E-O.J
6. 07 20 '>'A -04
a (300K)
o
(1/atm)
1.600000E-02
2.610323E-02
4.41753SE-02
3.040040E-02
2.721058E-02
3.105556E-02
5.167140E-02
2.951333E-02
6.543564E-02
4.424636E-02
2.201452E-01
2.82tia5E-01
3.833662E-01
4.390413E-01
3.26J908E-01
5.918720E-01
6.765592E-01
6.231591E-01
6.143329E-01
5.89B527E-01
7.920779E-01
8.130177E-01
8.576145E-01
1.090652E+00
8.800453E-01
1.646614EtOO
1. 12B263E+00
1.164514E«00
1. 158148E^OO
1.168511E+00
9.311B07E-01
6.8066ttlE-01
3.347S67C-01
1.239224E-01
5. 090197E-01
1. 152501E-01
i. ojoinir-oi
6.627097O02
6. 1021.50E-02
B.221437C-02
7.2?41Cir-02
i . coioncE-02
2960 29QD 5.9233J5E-OJ i..73
-------
Table A. 6 - Band Model Parameters for NO In 5 and 20 cm intervals.
&U
(I/cm)
1760
1765
1770
1775
1760
1780
1765
'1790
1795
1760
1600
1805
1610
1615
1600
1620
18?5
1830
1635
1620
181.0
161.5
1850
1655
181.0
1660
1665
1670
1675
1765
1770
1775
1780
1780
1785
1790
1795
1800
1800
1805
1810
1615
1620
1620
1825
1830
1635
161.0
mo
161.5
1850
1855
1660
1-860
1865
1870
1875
I860
k(300K)
(1/cm-atm)
i..59e<.13E-03
6.2859<.OE-03
9.506322E-03
1.I.30782E-02
8.689623E-03
3.90T.623E-02
3.C0369I.E-02
7.7350«.6j:-02
8.211852E-02
5.915051.F-02
1.9e955<.E-01
1.7?171i.E-01
3. IK'.ieE-Ol
2.97<.3<.1F>01
2.«.510Q6E-01
6.35/906E-01
00
1.3ni?25fc'40C
7.21^63pe-01
9. 503091. E-01
1.1K390FC-IOO
3.721359E-01
?.6'.07f,8F-01
d.O<>673liE-01
aQ(300K)
(1/atm)
*..90517<,E-02
3.970133E-02
3.953669E-02
3.967091E-02
3.951958E-02
5.855177E-02
3.870926E-02
5. 667116E-02
3.957017E-02
•..637629E-02
5.879?27E-03
3.f.30976E-02
5.867981E-02
3.9<«1231E-02
«*.790636E-02
5.633366E-02
3.f,85'.66E-02
5.85I.I.57E-02
5.67MB1I.E-02
5.309C11E-02
3.881786E-02
5.8tS655E-02
5.839557E-02
3.657706E-02
<..63907'.E-02
7.6?8900E-02
3.9J?<.?7E-02
?.502?82E-01
1.87I.279E-01
Aw
(I/cm)
1660
1685
1890
1095
I860
1900
1905
1910
1915
1900
1920
1925
1930
1975
1920
19dO
19«.5
1950
1955
19<<0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1365
1890
1695
1900
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1920
1925
1930
1935
19
-------
-1
Table A. 7- Band Model Parameters for NjO in 5 and 20 cm Intervals.
Ad-
d/cm)
1120
1175
1J30
1135
1120
me
11*15
1150
1105
1K.O
1160
1165
1170
1175
1160
1160
lie?
1190
1195
11 BO
1700
1205
1210
1210
1200
1270
1770
1270
1235
1270
1125
1135
11 Ml
IHO
Hi.5
1150
1155
1160
1160
1165
1170
1175
1160
1160
1165
11 3D
1195
12CO
1200
1205
1710
1215
1270
1220
1275
1230
1735
171.0
171.0
k(300K)
ao(300K)
(1/cm-atm)
0.
5.
i.
5.
1.
9.
1.
2.
2.
1.
1.
3.
1.
1.
1.
2.
1.
1.
(,.
1.
7.
0.
1.
2.
1.
ii.
1.
6?F-01
5*1016 21: -02
?i.?l.93F-01
763563E-01
ie7169t-01
OC-9651E-01
<.52?.67E-01
65916U-01
706G23E-02
7S977?E-02
83S566F-03
E70C66E-02
i,790'.9F-0?
',ef.O'-7F-02
iipqi. ?7F— 0?
185593E-01
50SOME-02
1.
6.
9.
5.
8.
8.
8.
9.
8.
6.
6.
8.
6.
7.
6.
e.
6.
7.
8.
6.
6.
1.
5.
2.
6.
6«
6.
<».
(1/atm)
0300GOE+CO
750?78E-02
602
106079E-03
888299^-02
6
8
6
8
8
7
6
7
5
e
7
9
9
9
9
8
1
1
6
1
.706919E-02
.37T657f-02
.996177^-02
• 3'39^03c-C2
.35751.0E-02
.99537^-02
.597179^-02
.f.5579'»E-02
. ?63*il?E- 0?
.399609^-02
.379887E-02
.78iil91E-02
.739296E-0?
.675<«3?E-02
.596261.E-02
.70SH.9E-02
.975160F-01
.0575<.0£-01
.832398!:-&2
.OOOOOOE* 00
5.1.87961E-02
A-il
-------
Table A. 7 - Band Model Parameters for N0O in 5 and 20 cm
«
-1
intervals.
Aw
(I/cm)
Zl0
22<<5
2250
2255
2U5
2150
2155
2160
2160
2165
2170
2175
2100
2180
2185
2140
2195
2200
2200
2205
2210
2215
2220
2220
2225
2230
2235
22t + 01
2.092'i50E+01
1.215890E*01
Z.610236E+01
2. 953002E+01
2. 361617E+01
2.d'.1693E*01
1.182671E*01
2.013^90E+01
«».0'«f.'.03Ct01
-------
Table A. 7 - Rind Model Parameters for N,O in 5 and 20 cm"1 intervals.
ft
Aw
(I/cm)
25
?<<70
Z^TJ
2'ioD
2". 00
2«.d5
21.90
2 '.'.91I.&E-01
2.591.071E-01
9.*0«.566t-02
d.&30177E-01
2.6891S9E-02
9.1'.1276E-03
7.5539'.7E-0'.
0.
9.&9/166E-03
ao(300K)
(1/atm)
1.000000E»00
l.OOOOCOE+00
1.000000E*00
5.'i<.'.79i.E-02
1.3611J9E-02
5.I.60703E-02
*t. l'tt»910E-02
5,«,o6877E-02
5.500b«.lE-02
<..060117E-02
6.633«t25E-02
5.529«.91E-02
5.5'.09',OE-02
5.551567E-02
d.92'.762E-02
6.925521E-02
5.57232^E-02
6.96212i»E-02
6.978263E-02
6.10dO'i2E:-02
6.9306I.1E-02
6. i J6688E-02
8.39««626E-02
3.29&9o7E-02
7.616526E-02
5.303573E-02
9.C31683E-02
d.3a76i.3E-02
1.03-)
-------
Table A. 7 -
Band Model Parameters for N,O in 5 and 20 cm
A
-1
Intervals.
Au
(I/cm)
3300
3305
3310
3315
3300
3320
3325
3330
3335
3320
3340
3345
3350
3355
3340
3360
3365
3370
3375
3360
33SO
3305
33yO
3395
33D5
3310
3315
332D
3320
3325
3330
3315
3340
3340
3345
3350
3355
3360
3360
33b5
3370
3375
3360
3360
3355
33 JO
33M5
3400
k(300K)
(1/cm-atm)
5.37S74.JE-C5
1.
4.
d.
3.
2.
4.
0.
1.
7.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
5.
1.
2.
3.
2.
2.
1.
1.
3.
4330G5E-04
>'joo'J7E-04
202445L-04
7152C«-D4
134r.70!>03
4-3591 fiT-03
20117J--L3
T2',lyn?.-02
03573-JE-03
do07^CE-02
311434C-02
S37330L-02
051177E-C2
2701.-.5I>02
66is01C~C3
361 0<< if-02
6<»v2^?*'-G2
5
-------
Table A. 8 - Band Model Parameters for NH0 in 5 and 20 cm" intervals.
Ate
(I/cm)
660
665
690
695
660
700
705
710
715
700
720
725
730
735
720
7<«0
7«i5
750
755
7«iO
760
765
770
775
760
780
765
790
795
780
800
605
BIO
615
600
8?0
'825
630
635
620
61.0
6'i5
650
655
685
690
695
700
rco
705
710
715
720
*720
725
730
735
71.0
71.0
7«.S
750
755
760
760
765
770
775
780
760
785
790
795
'800
800
805
810
815
820
820
825
830
835
8>.0
6<« 7T-02
2.6<.3ese>E-02
7.566970E-02
5.«.91f.0f,r-02
1.7266«^E-01
1 . 66£>65'13E-+00
2.0.0
9<«5
950
955
960
960
965
970
975
960
960
965
990
995
1000
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
1020
1025
1030
1035
10«9911E + 00
0.
2.199909F. + 00
0.
•..5681MF-100
2.932717E-+00
•0.
1.875215E-fOO
3.7375<«6E-02
b. 71. 791^4 00
«..211PO(.r-01
1.2<»9<»30E-+00
1.617955E-+00
5.0359'.?E + 00
2.388826E401
3.299013E+01
1.971151E-+00
1.597136E401
5.7«.i.636E-02
1.033312E+00
1.191101E-+00
i.678U52f-fOO
9.900778E-01
1.8'.97<,9E-+01
«i.ii5<.779E-+01
1.673«.l.6E400
0.
1.617M6E+01
0.
0.
6.939210E-+00
0.
1.73I.803E400
0.
3.671'.61E-+00
7.888955E400
0.
2.9'«C10<1E400
0.
l».l*j2C'"»~*00
1.19917---401
0.
aQ(300K)
(1/atm)
l.OOOOOOE+00
7.761371F-02
3.1655?.6E-02
l.OOOOOOE+00
2.730039E-02
l.OOOOOOE+00
<• « 7 S } 0 (. 8 E - 0 2
3.185<.65E-02
l.OOOOOOE+00
1.993227E-02
1.600000E-02
5.992757E-02
2.911<.60E-02
5.5356'.1E-02
3.357516E-02
7.097823E-02
l.'.67822E-01
2.822635E-01
2.519506E-01
1.517218F-01
6.0<.31«.OE-02
1.630000E-02
1. 891728E-02
2.501'.1<)E-01
6.131732E-02
3.602077E-01
2.551581E-01
1.600QOOE-02
l.OOOOOOE+00
1.W5092E-01
l.OOOOOOE+00
l.OOOOOOE+00
lt.7't'.3«.2.E-02
l.OOOOOOE+00
1.166085E-02
1.0-OOOOOE + OO
3.185501E-02
I..7SS108E-02
l.OOOOOOE+00
1.982760E-02
l.OOOOOOE+00
3.165713E-02
7.761092E-02
l.OOOOOOE+00
8<<0
660 2.557162E+00 3.«i29322E-02
1020
1040 *.038«.55E-fOO 2.72S167E-02
A-65
-------
Table A. 8 - Band Model Parameters for NH, In 5 and 20 cm
-1
intervals (Cont'd)
Alt'
(I/cm)
lfli.0
it)!. 5
1050
1055
10dO
1060
1065
1070
1075
1060
1060
1085
1090
1095
ioeo
1100
1105
1110
1115
1100
1120
1135
1130
1135
1120
111.0
1145
1150
1155
11<|0
1160
1165
1170
1175
1160
1180
1165
1190
1195
1160
1?00
1?05
1210
1215
101.5
1050
1055
1060
1060
1065
1070
1075
1060
ioeo
1085
1090
1095
1100
1100
1105
1110
1115
1120
1120
1125
1130
1135
11<«0
11<«0
Il«i5
1150
1155'
1160
1160
1165
1170
1175
1160
1160
1165
1190
1195
1200
1200
1205
1210
1215
1220
k{300K)
(1/cm-atm)
0.
1.159219t-*0l
8.312595E-*00
0.
«t.981197E + 00
0.
1.072821E+01
<«.«.90932E-+00
3.78«.<«27E-fOO
«i.75Ce92:-»00
1.1037
-------
Table A. 8 - Band Model Parameters for Nil. In 5 and 20 cm" Intervals.
Aw
(I/cm)
3100
3105
3110
3115
3100
3120
3125
3130
3135
3128 .
31dO
31d5
3150
3155
311,0
3160
3165
3170
3175
3160
3160
31 8 5
3190
3195
3160
3700
3205
3210
3215
3200
3720
3225
32*0
32J5
3220
32dO
32d5
3250
3255
32d 0
3760
3270
3275
3260
3105
3110
3115
3120
3120
3175
3130
31?5
311.0
31dO
3H.5
3150
3155
3160
3160
3165
3170
3175
3160
3160
31*5
3190
3200
3200
3205
3210
3220
3770
37?5
3230
321.0
321,0
371-5
3250
3255
3700
3260
3260
3760
k(300K)
(1/cm-alm)
7.7M017C-03
5.d70d27E-Od
0.
d.67«07fl£-03
8.2d*9d<.E-03
0.
d.d501
1.00000CF400
3.793'12E-02
J.008000F»00
1.000000F.400
1.39>310E-01
i.ooocoor»oo
3.d807751-02
1.000000F400
1.0000COF«00
1.6883"j7E-01
1.00000PE4DO
i..270997r-n2
A-67
-------
Table A. 8 - Band Model Parameters for Nil, In 5 and 20 cm*1 intervals (Cont'd).
4
Aw
(I/cm)
3««&0
3«.65
3«.70
31.75
31.60
3". 60
31.85
3ii90
3«.95
3«.80
3500
3505
3510
3515
3*00
3530
3525
35*0
3535
3520
351.0
35l'.6r-ni
0.
8.«<67«.90E-02
0.
0.
l.£l»'.2?0'r-01
?.0860E?r-02
I..637C7CF-02
0.
0.
J.7«,7«.?OF-02
5.07«:«i5<1F-02
2.205722E-02
2.96?«.'.5r-03
0.
0.
1.93r-961E-02
5.560^1?E-03
2.1«V1«.36E-02
2.9602P 3C-01
0.
0.
6.il^666E-OT
5.lil1?m-«n
7.8«;<.3(i?e-o3
1.73182PE-03
6.972575E-0'.
3.9?^670F-03
0.
«t.2(.30R9E-Ol.
l.l?QiiO?r-03
6.9780«.<)i:-0<.
5. 60629 If- 01.
A -68
ao(300K)
(1/atm)
1.000000^*00
7.8?lf77E-02
l.?51r81E-Oi
I.OOOCOCF:*OO
5.080f9PE-02
i.ooooore»oo
1.07911«-E-01
i.?360?er-oi
1.000000F400
5.79771T-02
1.000COCE«00
1.2UI.266E-01
1.376f??F-01
l.OOOOOOE-tOO
6.555Mf"r-02
l.OOOOOOEiOO
1.03f>26'.F-01
1.876e0rr-oi
i.oooroc^.^no
7.i,05?4^c:-02
1.00ROOOF400
i.ooopoor.too
2.9?9?6fF-01
i.oi70«««.r-o2
8.09«00
l.OOOOOPF+00
1.82672«.F-01
I..935732F-02
1.830537^-01
1.60000CF-02
i.oooooortoo
1.000POOF.400
••.953537F-02
1.093PHE-01
1.3Ri.(rO«.E-Oi
1.600000F.-02
1.600000F-02
6.91B35<«F--02
i. nnoooop*oo
1.600POOr-02
3.15«tO?9F-02
1.600COOC-0?
1.576'.«.«.F-02
-------
Table A. 9 -Band Model Parameters for HCHO in 5 and 20 cm" intervals
Aw
(I/em)
k(300K)
(1 /cm-aim)
aQ(300K)
(1/atm)
2$20 2625
2625 2630
2630 2635
2635 261.0
d.733933E-Od
1. 191962E-C3
7.897370E-0<.
1.5dS539E-03
3.1927d8E-02
6.352fcd5E-02
3.192610E-02
6.2671(.7I>02
2620 26dO 1.000908E-03 '
26i(0 26d5 2.369013E-03 6t317061C-02
261.5 2650 d.02D22'iC-03 a. *3'.690E-02
2650 2655 d. 1.51.&5SL-03 7.6d3067E-02
2655 2660 3.671176E-03 7.2520-39E-02
2603
1.232639E-02
l.dS613dE-02
1.125d27C-02
l.ddd031E-02
2,5187dlE-02
2.976605E-C2
3.415227F-02
2.688651E-02
d.619817E-02
6.3150d'tE-02
6.062716E-02
6.639573E-02
5.909298E-02
9. 312703E-02
l.i.l37?OE-01
1.20261dE-01
2.35J239C-01
A(f
(I/cm)
2780
?785
2790
2795
2780
2800
2805
2610
2815
2800
2820
2825
2830
2835
2820
281.0
28i<5
2850
2855
26 A 0
2860
2665
?870
2875
2660
2920
2925
2930
2935
2920
2880
2885
2890
2895
2680
2900
2905
2910
2915
2785
2790
2795
2600
2800
2805
2810
2615
2820
2tt20
2825
2830
2835
2840
281.0
261.5
2650
2855
2860
2660
2865
2870
2875
2b80
2680
2925
2930
2935
291.0
29iiO
2885
2690
2895
2900
2900
2905
2910
2915
2920
k(300K)
(1/cm-atm)
9.058029E-01
i|.322599E-01
3.1.95528E-01
1.3768696*00
7.661212E-01
5.306059E-01
5.70S65I.E-01
1.00070(tE+00
1. Sit^SlSftOO
9.266975E-01
7.07262*F-01
7.91.1.371E-01
2.618106E«00
7.021.129E-01
1.205555F+00
7.65dllOE-01
3.3327d8E+00
6.516175E-01
6.91.7937E-01
1.378702E+00
2.171.626F+00
2.5i.7dl6E*00
6.857068E-01
1. 11.98 61.E+00
1.639503E*00
9.309696E-01
1.990a80E+00
1.538502E+00
6.052163E-01
1.266392E*00
3.-J80696E*00
7.I.17107E-01
5.25I.837E-01
3.S1.6110E+00
2.323500E+00
7.3H.618E-01
6.861813C-01
3.5182n7E+00
8.216312E-01
ao(300K)
(1/atm)
3.676909E-01
1.371073E-01
1.59?536E-01
ii.75566t.E-01
2.839631.E-01
l.'57'«766E-oi
1.8262flOE-01
3. 591.161E-01
3.1i(7S'.2E-01
2.«t98936E-01
1.665213E-01
3.112085E-01
i».7309i(9E-01
2. 101617E-01
2.86151.6E-01
2.91.05J7E-01
5.212820E-01
2.09261I.E-01
2.7161fiOE-01
3.0931.13E-01
i...itl»6651E-01
3.703191E-01
2. 102962E-01
d. 053381.E-01
2.599133E-01
l.d9d217E-01
2.551781E-01
d.6i.ii716E-01
2. 5
-------
Table A. 9 - Band Model Parameters for HCHO in 5 and 20 cm"1 intervals (Cont'd).
Aw
(I/cm)
2940
2945
2950
2955
2940
2960
2965
2970
2975
2960
2960
2965
2990
2995
2980
3000
3005
3010
3015
3000
3020
3025
3030
3035
3020
3040
3045
3050
3055
3040
3060
3065
3070
3075
3060
3080
3085
3090
3095
3080
3100
3105
3110
3115
3100
3120
3125
3130
3135
3120
2945
2950
2955
2960
2960
2965
2970
2975
2980
2960
2935
2990
2995
3000
3000
1005
3010
3015
3020
3020
3025
3030
3035
3040
3040
3045
3050
3055
3060
3060
3065
3070
3075
3080
3080
3085
3030
3095
3100
3100
3105
3110
3115
3120
3120
3125
3130
3U5
3140
3140
k(300K)
(1/cm-atm)
1.464374E+00
1.855120E+00
5. 64d839E-01
7.622234E-01
1.166650E+00
1.436713E*00
6.027342E-01
6.563588F-01
1.048935E+00
9.366852E-01
4.613007E-01
3.936844E-01
5.474445E-01
5.564699E-01
4.962249E-01
2.302254E-01
3.3181tJ5E-01
2.227730E-01
2.384782E-01
2.708238E-01
2.790461E-01
1.081934E-01
1.480653E-01
1.299722E-01
1.663193E-01
1.075428E-01
6.681135E-02
6.67169.6E-02
4.920239E-02
7.306687E-02
4.195006E-02
3.599&0<.C-02
2.485553E-02
1.716114E-02
2.999069E-02
l.d60007E-02
1.206333E-02
6.431222E-03
5.541345E-03
1.116399E-02
6.M75DSE-03
3.566443E-03
2.238173E-03
1.811493E-03
3.606404E-03
1.754351F-03
6,084417E-04
2. 753297E-04
0.
6.470306E-0'.
A-70
ao(300K)
(1/atm)
3.452007E-01
3.487781E-01
1.246670E-01
2.510735E-01
2.647055E-01
3.521564E-01
1.363439E-01
1.946095E-01
3.693945E-01
2.612715E-01
1. 067291E-01
1.453372E-01
3.506742E-01
1.377455E-01
1.761693E-01
1. 149513E-01
3.262460E-01
9.728490E-02
1.155825E-01
1.570393E-01
3.001596E-01
9.76S035E-02
1.026042E-01
2.26S622E-01
1.774628E-01
1.365010E-01
9.997208E-02
1.580768E-01
1.310099E-01
1.283701E-01
1. 102839E-01
1.213331E-01
9.919845E-02
9.299775E-02
1.044214E-01
1.145134E-01
8.751000E-02
9.466614E-02
7.536370E-02
J.080406E-02
1.043464E-01
7.466702E-02
6. 175460E-02
6.241978E-02
7.403968E-02
7.677905C-02
3.1-J2802E-02
1.600000C-02
l.OOOOOQEiOO
3.151418E-02
-------
Table A. 10 - Band Model Parameters for 11,0 in 5 and 20 cm"1 intervals.
Afc'
(I/era)
960
965
970
975
960
960
985
990
995
080
1000
1005
1010
1015
1000
10?0
1025.
IP 36
1035
1020
lOdO
10d5
10!>U
1055
lOdO
1060
1065
1070
J07~
SOuC
10 ES
sceo
1100
1105
1110
1115
llOO
965.
970
975
960
980
9.85
990
995
1000
100P
1005
1010
1015
1020
1020
1025
1030
1035
lOdO
lOdO
1050
1055
1060
1060
iflVS
1C8C
1035
1C35
1190
f 4 r>n
IXCS
1110
1115
1120
(cm/err.)
0.
0.
3.
5.d25GCOr-03
0.
0.
0.
1.270000E-02
3.175000E-03
2.5^8000E-02
0.
9.898000E-02
d.8<.6000£-02
d.321000E-02
0.
9.1d6000E-02
1.3J20QOE-02
1.178000E-02
2.91<<500E-02
0.
2.796000E-02
2.130000E-02
2. idtuOOE-02
1.953500F-02
5.316000E-02
2.210600E-01
l.OOOOOOC-0?
9.3<4
-------
Table A. 10 - Band Model Parameters for IlO in 5 and 20 cm"1 intervals.
A lt-
d/cm)
k(300K)
(cm/gm)
a0(300K)
(1/atm)
Ata
k(300K)
1660
1865
1870
1675
I860
188G
1855
1890
1660
1900
1905
1910
1915
1900
19?0
1930
193*
19?0
1760
1765 1770
1770 177*
1775 1760
1760 176C
1780 17£5
17S5 1790
1790 179C
179* 1600
1781) IhCC
If 00 Ifin*
160* 1S1C
IflO IhlS
[i.
0.
0.
f,.0519EOr*00 6.1r-7?70r-02
«i.207707^-02
2.9837'f.r-O?
3.7?f92?t*01
lf.OO 18?0
183C
IB7?
16I.O
'..593717F-02
1*20
1625
1670
1635
1628
1CAO
16<«5
1C50
1655
18«iO 13*0 2.190902E»02 2.:
. «..517320E-fl2
2.87H-90F-02
3.779761F-B?
2.975t5PF-02
1665
1870
1880
1880
1P85
1690
1900
1900
1910
1915
19?0
19?0
«..77<.?lf E-02
2.29219$r-fl2
?.33«.f 11^-02
2.09112?r-02
'6.190777E-02
9.<«087?OE-»00 i».0731ti6F-C2
6.?1875<.1>01 3.309?l.7r-02
2.i707'»9"r-02
77F-0?
19T5
J9<«0
6.7P1SOOE-01
(I/cm) . (cm/gm)
ao(300K)
(1/atm)
19*0 ;
1955 1900 1.7'f «;.rOF403 7.»Si.7Sir-02
1940 I960
-------
Table A. 10 - Band Model Parameters for 11,0 in 5 and 20 cm
-1
intervals.
tu
(I/cm)
19oO
i<»tQ
1995
19oO
2000
2005
2010
?01G
2000
2020
2025
2030
2035
2020
2040
2045
2050
2055
2040
2060
2065
2070
2075
2060
20e>0
20cO
2090
2095
20t>0
2100
2105
2110
2H5
2100
1935
1990
1995
2000
2000
2005
.2010
2015
2020
2020
2025
2030
2035
204U
2040
2045
2050
2055
2060
2060
2065
2070
2075
2080
2030
2D«>5
?040
2095
2100
2100
2105
2110
2115
2120
2120
2.
1.
7.
"••
2.
5,
3.
t>.
3.
1.
2.
2.
3.
2.
1.
1.
6.
7.
5.
3.
1.
3.
1.
3.
4.
2.
1.
4.
3.
1.
j,.
3.
G.
1.
G.
k(300K)
2,
(cni/pm)
^79200E-01
j301
lo6600E-01
776000E-02
720000E-03
733545C»00
3GH68E401
011420E+00
163040E+00
2M200E-01
529365E+00
iiaoooE-oi
kOb400E*00
03G300r+00
403400E-U1
4*9210E*00
103000E-01
^02400E-01
439000E-01
075100E+00
321350E-01
7.
1.
3.
1.
1.
6.
i.
6.
<••
1.
1.
3.
3.
3.
2.
3.
2.
o.
1.
1.
2.
1.
3<
2.
1'.
1.
3.
1.
2.
1.
1.
3.
4.
1.
2.
a (300K)
o
(1/atm)
820005E-02
628679E-02
022176E-02
9*-J666£-02
63ai43E-02
447633E-02
70d239E-02
37b716E-02
179331E-02
841400E-02
730125E-02
090753E-02
397646E-02
611100E-02
345304E-02
662225E-02
767480E-02
681421E-02
102000E-82
447414E-02
602473E-02
295135E-02
141695E-02
506659E-02
595904C-02
262000E-02
101681E-02
765944E- 02
727027E-02
625542E-02
280000E-02
007656E-02
493301E-02
491402E-02
3940/6E-02
Ah.-
(I/cm)
2120
2125
2130
2135
2120
2140
2145
21SO
2155
2140
2160
2165
2170
2175
2160
21oO
2165
2190
2195
2160
2200
2205
2210
2215
2200
2220
2225
2230
2235
2220
2125
2130
2135
2140
2140
4.
0.
0.
2.
6.
k(300K)
(cm/ gm)
389flOOE-Oi
060020E>00
247500E-01
2145 4.738000E-02
2150
2155
2160
2160
2165
2170
2175
2160
2160
2105
2190
2195
2200
2200
2205
2210
2215
2220
2220
2225
2230
2235
2240
2240
5.
2.
1.
2.
^
7!
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
4.
9.
1.
5.
2.
1.
5.
1.
0.
3.
5.
3.
3.
432200E-C1
305000E-01
143600E-01
463650E-01
J00800E-01
620000E-03
330600E-01
82BOOOE-02
618100E-01
974200E-01
615600E-01
256000E-02
500000E-03
027600E-01
010000E-02
262800E-01
Ob2600E-01
600000E-02
101800E-01
looOOOE-03
924000E-02
812000E-02
226000E-02
7.
1.
1.
6.
2.
3.
4 •
2.
2.
2.
Z.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
2.
1.
2.
8.
4.
7.
3.
1.
1.
6.
aQ(300K)
(1/atm)
458217E-02
OOOOOOEtOO
OOOOOOE+00
111735E-02
871665C-02
400730E-02
576554E-02
678050E-02
222714E-02
845357E-02
546469E-02
136000E-02
406459E-02
437020E-02
598536E-02
383690E-02
859526E-02
363975E-02
97fiOOOE-03
265335E-02
bOOOOOE-03
100347E-02
024402E-02
590258E-02
696153E-02
OOOOOOE+00
597181E-Oa
948B19E-02
041813E-02
2.805174E-02
A-73
-------
Table A. 10 - Band Model Parameters for 11,0 in 5 and 20 cm intervals.
£
«?
(I/cm)
2900
2905
2910
2915
29 pO
2920
2925
2930
2935
2920
2940
2945
2950
2955
2940
2960
2965
2970
2975
2960
2960
2985
2990
2995
2960
3000
3005
3010
3015
2905
2910
2915
2920
2920
Z925
2930
2935
2940
2940
2945
2050
2955
2960
2960
2965
2970
2975
2900
2980
2985
• 2990
2995
3000
3000
3005
3010
3," 15
3020
k(300K)
(cm /Rm)
1.710000E-02
4.776000E-02
4.63eOOOE-02
8.200DOOE-03
2.386500E-02
8.00000QE-03
0.
4.236600E-01
3.904400E-01
2.055250F-01
5.8200CCC-03
7.146000E-02
3. 16980CE-01
2.76900DE-01
1.682900E-01
2.870'tOCF-Ol
1.1430?OEtOO
1. 173740E+00
6.157500E-01
S.IJ77000C-01
1.423560E*00
3.766200O01
1.195695E+00
1.910620C*00
3.973800E-01
7. 070140E4 00
2.1123aOt*00
aQ(300K)
(1/alm)
1.564000E-02
1.780000f>02
2.315E29E-02
1.550000E-02
1.678658E-02
6.760000E-03
l.OOOOOOE+00
7.D76611E-02
4.479415JE-02
2.974545E-02
7.ienooot-c3
2.555437F-02
2.123604E-02
7.595645E-02
2.847301E-0'2
3.125460E-03
4.389671E-02
3.170069E-02
3.304648E-02
3.253237E-02
0.30S6d3E-02
3.961363E-02
5.136008E-02
1.452569E-02
4.338372E-02
5.727028E-02
2. 726058E-02
9.233212E-02
1.690V-01E-02
Aw
(I/cm)
3020
3025
3030
3035
3020
3040
3045
3050
3055
3040
3060
3065
3070
30 75t
.3060
3060
3065
3090
3095
3060
3100
3105
3110
3115
3100
3120
3125
3130
3135
3025
3030
3035
3040
3040
3045
3050
3055
3060
3060
3065
3070
3075
3030
396/1
"3065
3090
3095
3100
3100
3105
3110
3115
3120
3120
3125
3130
3135
3140
M300K)
(cm/gm)
7.330200E-01
2.233960E*00
1»25477
-------
Table A. 10 -Band Model Parameters for HjO In 5 and 20 cm" intervals.
(I/cm)
31«.5
3150
3140
3160
3165
?170
3175
3160
31 8 P
3185
3190
3195
3180
3200
3205
3210
3215
3200
3220
3225
3230
3235
3220
3?40
32«t5
3250
3255
3240
3265
3270
3275
3260
328S
3290
3295
3280
311.5
3150
3155
3160
3160
3165
3170
3175
3160
3180
3185
3190
3195
3200
3200
3205
3210
3215
3220
3220
3225
3230
3235
321.0
321.0
3250
3255
3260
3260
3265
3270
3275
3280
3280
3285
3290
3295
3300
3300
k(300K)
z
(cm/em)
0.
0.
t..<«liB(iOOE-01
5.764000E-02
1.25e200E-01
8.328200E-01
2.151800E-01
2.617545E400
1.K49720F400
3.922840E400
1.63iiOOOE-02
1.13?434E«01
(I.230810F400
2.778600E-01
8.248440F400
9.5?R220E400
9.177380E400
6.807975^400
4^01030DE4DO
8. 51 53* OF* i)0
4.I315680E400
5.221370E400
1.60728HE400
9.12R220C400
3.974600E400
7.324935E400
3.)?8140E400
1.327946F.401
1.014230E401
7.653360E400
4.928780E400
4.177440F.4HO
«.,045600E400
5.951850F400
a0(300K)
(1/atm)
i.oooooor*oo
1.000000E400
5.7074IJ9F-02
4.192277F.-02
2.162C18F-02
l!oi7799E-01
6.870567F-02
2.633C84E-02
2.37I.819F-02
5.050P77E-02
2.131325C-02
6.26589*.F-02
3.ie689?r-02
6. 00667f-E-02
2.607f92E-02
-------
Table A. 10 - Band Model Parameters for HjO In 5 and 20 cm
-1
Intervals.
Acc
(I/cm)
3960
3985
3990
3995
3960
4000
4005
4010
4015
4000
4020
4025
4030
4035
4020
4040
4045
4050
4055
4040
4060
4065
4070
4075
3965
3990
3995
4000
4000
4005
4010
4015
4020
4020
4025
.40^0
4035
4040
4040
4045
4050
4055
4060
4060
4065
4070
4075
4060
1.
1.
?.
1.
1.
3.
3.
8.
i.
i.
5.
1.
k.
6.
5.
1.
e.
i.
6.
6.
(,.
1.
2.
5.
k(300K)
(cm /Rm)
3qef.96E-*oi
0490?4F«01
114140E+01
1.?I37CJ6E401
ll^UE+Ol
3D0740F-»00
179fbOeF+01
046«i4E-»01
44?790C401
fl52POPE-01
7ll?7i,liF-*01
7«54nnF-*00
017400F-01
Tt^b^-^OO
443P56E401
15??UOF400
530220E400
8Z660PE-01
199420F400
66594 OE-»00
477200F.-01
56?320E400
70?9?OF400
a0(300K)
6.
5.
6.
7.
6.
1.
3.
r..
9.
5.
4.
3.
t>.
5.
3.
4.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
2.
3.
3.
(1/atm)
77T&58E-02
041934E-02
r-S^676E-02
463738E-02
•.07850E-0?
236323E-01
815646E-02
?65781E-02
6395J2E-02
845969E-02
055709E-0?
9H9627E-02
38S479F-02
915423F.-02
216364E-02
273756E-02
713270E-02
3?1405E-02
739902E-02
434619E-02
8^1239E-02
112989r-02
777456E-02
669A64F.-02
Afe-
(I/cm)
4160
4165
4170
4175
4160
4180
4165
4190
4195
4160
4200
4205
4210
4215
4200
4220
4225
4230
4235
4220
4240
4245
4250
4255
4165
4170
4175
4160
4160
4165
4190
4195
4200
4200
4205
4210
4215
4220
4220
4225
4230
4235
4240
4240
4245
4250
4255
4260
k(300K)
(cnf/gm)
2.
4.
1.
7.
3.
1.
7.
1.
3.
6.
9.
3.
9.
5.
4.
3.
0.
2.
7.
1.
1.
0.
6.
1.
356000^-02
109800E-01
OA562ce>00
4800001-02
967400F-01
11636Cr-»00
540200E-01
34J160F-»00
397600E-01
668300E-01
U0400E-01
649400E-01
972000E-0?
198400E-01
795750E-01
170200E-01
513600E-01
134000F-02
599300E-01
003800E-01
524400E-01
675400E-01
1.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
4.
3.
2.
2.
3.
2.
3.
2.
3.
1.
2.
2.
2.
3.
1.
5.
2.
ao(300K)
(1/atm)
146000F-02
378632E-0?
4649T5E-02
595780E-02
634860E-02
5'520-«7E-02
578784E-02
738973E-02
016429E-02
480224E-02
173745E-02
443246E-0?
4?S103E-02
950425E-02
604197E-02
840487C-02
OOOOOOE400
651494F-02
40S377E-02
129421E-02
555871E-02
OOOOOOE400
798760E-02
780157E-02
4060 4060 3.
4080
4065
4090
4095
4100
4105
4110
4115
4120
4125
4130
4135
4120
4085
4090
4095
4100
2.790240t*00
7. ?,?
0.
3.03T566E-02
4.234074E-02
4.71G274E-02
3.0?7Z78E-02
1.000000E*00
4240 4260 2.300900F-01 2.625177E-02
4260 4265
4265 4270
•4270 4275
4275 4280
5.61600CE-02
1.372000F-01
2.081800E-01
1.07260CE-01
1.143000E-02
9.980000E-03
3.687755E-02
1.392000E-02
4060 4100
4260 4280 1.27?050E-01 1.792496E-02
4105
4110
4115
4120
3.537560E400
<).7871i.OE-»00
4.
D.
2.774423E-02
5.151046F-02
2.516774E-02
1.003000C*OC
4280 4285
4265 4290
4290 4295
4295 4300
3.9*6000F-02
1.778000E-0?
2.79400CE-02
0.
1.583755E-02
2.125943E-02
1.890998E-02
1.000000^*00
4100 4120 3.343015E400 2.092084E-02
4260 4300 2.127000E-02 1.334655E-02
4125
4130
41^5
4140
2.516386C-02
3.856715E-02
3.769435F.-02
2.7?7268E-02
?.206390C+00 2.J5T490E-02
4300
4305
4310
4315
4305
4310
47115
4320
6.178000F-02
1.S5000PE-01
2.452000E-02
1.364000E-02
2.570590E-02
1.M3390E-D2
1.266000E-02
8.92BOOOE-03
4300 4320, 6.377500E-02 1.404361E-02
4140 4145
4145 4150
4150 4155
4155 4160
4140 4160
9.116000P-01
1 .41 OlfiO^OO
1. 1424601400
2.111480E-02
5.4T6329F.-02
2.792154E-02
3.995775E-02
3.536683E-02
4320
4325
4330
4335
4325
4330
4335
4340
1.W4000E-02
0.
1.510000E-02
1.635152E-02
1.000000E«00
1.288000E-0?
4320 4340 7.MOOOOC-0* 7.71Q974E-03
A-76
-------
Table A. 10 - Band Model Parameters for HgO in 5 and 20 cm" intervals.
A lt-
d/cm)
(.700
1.705
1.710
4715
(.700
1.720
1.725
«.730
1.735
4720
1.750
1.755
4740
«(760
1.765
1.770
1.760
1.780
1.785
•.790
1.795
«i780
1.800
1.805
1.610
1.800
1.820
1.825
1.630
1.620
4840
1.81.5
1.860
1.855
".81.0
1.860
1.865
1.870
1.875
1.660
WC5
1.710
1.715
1.720
1.720
1.725
1.730
1.735
1.71.0
1(71.0
1.71.5
1.750
1.755
1.760
1.760
1.765
1.770
1.775
1.780
1.760
1.765
1.790
1.795
1.600
1(800
i(C05
1.820
*8?0
«.825
1.830
1.835
1.81.0
1.81,5
i.e r-o
1.855
1,8 60
1.660
1.865
I.P70
1.675
4660
1.680
k(300K)
2
(cni/irni)
0.
1.5ii.roor-o?
0.
7.1*OOCO!>(n
3.6&(,OOPF-02
0.
0.
2.11«>OODC-02
1.I.I.550GF-02
0.
0.
0.
1.313CCOE-02
«..7760GfF-02
0.
0.
l."80*5PPr-0?
9.7oocorr-o3
0.
0.
6.675COPE-C3
0.
e.^OOOCF-OJ
?» 7 'i ? o P or*~o?
6>«OOCC'OOr*"03
1.013*OOE-0?
5.76COOOE-03
1.804POOF-02
0.
0.
5.950000C-03
8.01.00CGF-OT
1.5??OC!Or-02
1.9in500F-02
2.7I.COPOF-0?
&. OOOCOOF-03
0.
2.03i.roor-o?
1.247500E-0?
aQ{300K)
(1/atm) -
1. 000000^*00
i.oooooor. oo
l.i.*72?5E-02
1.958000^-02
l.OOOPOOEi 00
4.0?307r-£-02
1.36«6tBE-0?
i.coonoo1;* oo
i.oooooor«co
1 .OOOOOOE* OP
J.I.71327E-02
8.676318E-01
i .noooonf voo
l.OOOOOOEiPO
1.9J2000E-02
1.85»51.0F-02
1.9".OOOOF-C2
l.OOOOOOF+00
l.OOOOOOE+00
1.92i,OCOE:-0?
9.161.008^-03
1. 00000 Or tOO
1.262000r-02
3.597515E-0?
1 .89BOOOr-C?
1.647862E-0?
2.761683E-02
l.flOOOOOEi 00
1.0000QOE400
1.016798F-02
2.66651.1F-02
1.763000T-02
2.87<.i,97E-02
2.610766E-02
1.765000^-02
1.770000E-02
i.oonooor« oo
J.620595F-02
A-77
Aw
(I/cm)
1.680
1.895
(.890
1.895
1.880
1.900
1.905
1.910
(.900
1.920
1.925
1.930
1.935
1.920
1)91(0
1.550
1.955
1.91.0
1.960
1.965
«.970
1.975
1.960
1.980
1.985
1.990
«.960
5000
50P5
5010
5015
5000
5020
5025
5030 -
5035
5020
501.0
501.5
5050
5055
50<(0
11885
1.900
1.900
1.905
1.910
1(915
1.920
K9?0
1.925
1(930
1.935
1.9 AO
1.91.5
1.950
1.955
1.960
4.960
1.965
1(970
1.975
1.980
1.960
1.985
1.990
5000
5000
5005
5010
5015
5020
5020
5025
5030
50 ?5
501.0
50MJ
501.5
5050
5055
5060
5060
k(300K)
(cm/gm)
0.
0.
1.528000E-02
0.
3.820000E-03
5.160000F-02
1.792COCE-02
0.
I..85200CE-02
2.951000E-02
1.6.1I.OOOF-02
?!7700GOE-02
3.5I.2COOE-02
3.551FOOE-C2
3.10eCOCE-02
3.93COnOF-02
5.572COOF-02
2.156600E-01
8.61P-OOE-02
1.2"53200E-01
1. 07500CE-01
0,
0.
5.770500E-Q2
2.5772POE-01
I..62I.1.00F-01
8.09SOOOE-02
2.l(15i.50E-01
I..052000E-01
1.5'ji.i.OOF-Ol
7.38?OOOF-01
0.
3.2I(9600F-01
7.791600E-01
noerooF-oi
7.217200F-01
2.766600E-01
lc7"6000E-01
3.16M.OOE-01
5.117600r-01
6.716000F-02
G.722750E-01
ao(300K)
(1/atm)
l.OOOOOOEtOO
l.OOOOOOE+OP
2.71.6761E-02
l.OOOOOOEtOO
6.E6565I.E-0?
I..776007E-02
1.622000E-02
l.OOOOOOEtOO
3.669602E-02
2.51112ir-0?
2.653li.8r-<12
5.397257E-P2
1..366997E-02
2.5102I.2E-02
3.712066E-02
1.1.66000F-02
3.19S763E-02
'i • OZ?!1?'*^"©?
1 • COQ?37£ — Ci
«..61«.S95^-C2
3.C?660l.F-P?
l.OQQOOGE+CC
l.OOOOOOFtOO
1.879706E-02
I..921116E-02
7.1.1161.7E-02
2.93l'i.o6E-0?
2.091.791.E-02
4.330209F-02
3.993905F.-02
2.T9107OE-02
I..7I.3236F-02
l.OOOOOOEtOO
2.71295<)E-02
5.098769E-0?
•.. 150631^-02
«..236620E-02
2.527967P-02
3.7311.58E-02
I..110?62E-02
7.1,??l,55E-02
"..776309E-02
"..915356F-02
i..OT8952l:-02
-------
Table A. 10 - Band Model Parameters for 11,0 In 5 and 20 cm" intervals (Cont'd).
Aw
(I/cm)
5060
5065
5070
5075
5060
5080
5065
5090
5095
5080
5100
5105
511J
5115
5100
5120
5125
5130
5135
5120
51QQF"'Ol
S« 17°ftO^""— 01
3.656020F-«00
3.66ei?OE-»00
2.2.157^^00
1.9f.r-?f.OE-«no
3.1523*) OE~* 0 0
3* 754'* 4* or* oo
7.97R90CE400
«>.2127?5E«00
6.45120PF-01
2.«2360PC-»00
3.27105165E-02
e.8I9?<)lE-02
1.306756E-01
1.0802966-01
9. 33587<) F.-02
i.nag'j'E-oi
5.231989F-02
l.«)7?06«)E-01
9.77i)202E-02
51>)0 5160
8.8292<>5F-02
A-78
-------
TABLE A. 11 - BAND STRENGTHS AND FINE STRUCTURE
PARAMETERS OF POLLUTANTS NOT
INCLUDED IN TABLE D-3
Species
HC1 3. 5;zm
HF 2.5
cir 7. 8
4
3.3
2.3
C H 10.5
3.2
PAN 12. 3
8.3
C.H.. 9. 6
6 o
3.2
O 9. 6
3
cm
2200-3200
3000-4400
1195-1G67
2700-3200
4082-4552
813-1149
2939-3187
757- 847
1111-1333
1007-1064
3011-3150
1006-1063
a
-2 . -1
cm atm
143
450
418
270
(80)
365
(4500)
(1600)
(4200)
(950)
(9600)
400
ao
atm
.003
.0015
.01
.01
.01 ;
.03
.03
.5
.5
.08
.08
-05
NOTE; Values of a in parenthesis are integrals of absorption coefficients
derived from limited laboraloi'y data and may be of low accuracy.
A-79
-------
Table A. 12 -Absorption Coefficients for HC1
K(300"K)
K(3C0eK}
*f *****
£200.
2223*
2230.
2275.
2300.
2325.
2350.
2375.
2400.
2425.
2450.
2475.
2500.
252b.
2550.
2^75.
2600.
2625.
2650.
2675.
2700.
2725.
2750.
2775.
2800.
2625.
2650,
2875.
2900.
2925.
2950.
2975.
3000.
3025.
3050.
307S>.
3100,
3125.
3150.
3J75.
3200.
•**a>
,64«£ Ap"
.BlfE 00
.720E 00
.469E 00
.272E 00
.756E-01
.390E-01
.240E-02
•I20E-02
•596E-05
.298E-03
.693E-10
(atin"1 cm°l>
. 562^-06
•431P-05
•B06P-05
• 118«f-04
• 155B— 04
• 916=--04
. 166c-03
«244e-03
.320="-03
.139P-02
.247C-02
.354C-02
• «62c— 0? 00
•380* CO
• 4121? 00
.370=- 00
• 260C- 00
• 867«r-01
.129=- 00
.339=- 00
«493«r 00
.555
-------
Table A. 13 - Absorption Coefficients for HF
I/CM
3000.
30*5.
30bO.
3075.
3100.
31*5.
3150.
3175.
3.
3300,
332b.
33bO.
337D.
3400.
34£=>.
34 5C.
3473.
3500.
3525.
35bO.
3675.
3600.
3625.'
36t>0.
367=. -
370C.
3725.
3750.
377'J.
3800.
3825.
2fanO.
:<675.
390C.
392:5.
3950.
3975.
4000.
4025.
4050.
4075.
4100.
4125.
4150.
4173.
4200.
422?.
425C.
4276.
4300.
432b.
4350.
4375.
4400.
MICRON
3.3 JJ
3.305
3.27o
3.232
3.2<:5
3.200
3.174
3. l«y
3.1c5
3.100
3.076
3. 053
J.03G
3.007
2.9b =
2.V62
it 9« 1
2. 919
2.o96
2.077
e.tbs'1
2.636
2.ttl6
2.797
2.777
2.7f>6
i:.7i*
2.721
2.70*:
2.634
2.66t>
e.649
t.Ojl
2.614
2.59V
2. = *0
2.^64
2 . b«« V
2.531
'c, bib
2.bOO
2.4U4
2.469
2.4b3
2.439
2.424
2.409
2.39b
2.380
2.366
2.3b2
2.33V
2.32t<
2.312
2.296
2.ibD
o2c-OV
,7»flE-09
. lObt-06
. I33c-0b
. Is9t'-06
. JefeE-Ob
,213t-06
.137C.-OS
.274E-05
,«llc-05
.64Q£-05
.666c-06
.«323E-05
.*61E-Cb
.109S-04
.U6£-o<;
,2S2t-0*;
.3Ve<£-02
.&04h-0i.
,629fc-02
.V5SE-02
.8aiE-02
.100E-01.
.996=.-01
. 1B9E 00
,27Pt 00
.366E 00
.4t>tic. CO
«'j47c. 00
.6o7t 00
.Vtfrc 00
.772E 00
.617£ 00
.863E 00
.9C9E 00
.9?j4E 00
.icee 01
.1C4E. 01
. 109t 01
.1 19t 01
.UOE 01
.141E 01
. 152E 01
4) 17E 01
, tiJbt 00
.490E 00
.145E "00
.1092 00
.7i:et-01
.366E-01
»477fcl-C3
.357E-03
.<:ja£-03
.1 19E.-C3
. 163'i-Oo
K(60
-------
Table A.14 -Absorption Coefficients for CH4
j/CM MCKON^
1 ! vb.
13:6,
1234.
1250.
1256.
1263.
1266.
1277.
1293.
1299.
1 30? .
1314.
1325.
1333.
1341.
'1351.
1352.
1370.
1369.
1049.
1471.
1504.
1515.
1527.
1541.
1563.
1575.
1567.
1613.
1634.
1667 »
2700.
2800.
2650.
2365.
2915.
Q.223
6.105
U.026
8.000
7.960
7.915
7.900
7 . 828
7.762
7.736
7.697
7.664
7.610
7. £50
7.500
7.465
7.400
7.395
7.300
7.200
7.125
7.000
6.900
6.CJOO
6.70C
6.660
6.600
6.5=0
6.4b9
6.4QO
6.350
6 JOO
6.200
6. 100
6.000
3.704
3.571
3.509
3.466
3,44b
3.431
jatan^ car°2)
.420E 00
.133E 01
.3221: 01
•101E 01
»201E 01
.4flSE 01
.322E 01
•121E 01
01
01
01
00
,2«6E 00
.195E 01
.366^ 01
.44JF. 01
.379F Cl
.555E 01
.205E 01
• 143E
.264E-01
.323E-01
CO
.304E-01
. lt.7E-Cl
.122E-01
.9B9E-C2
.604E-02
.573E-02
.673E-02
.94QE-C2
.103E-01
.757E-02
.150E-01
.40PE-01
«15i:E CO
.c53E 00
00
I/CM
2925.
2940.
2937.
2975.
29dH.
2993.
3000.
3010.
3020.
3030.
3037.
3050.
3060.
3075.
3066.
3095.
3lOC.
3110.
312?.
3150.
3160.
3175.
320Q. .
4062.
4132.
4153.
4J72.
4166,
4195.
*203.
4209.
4227.
4294.
4354.
4390.
4aj5.
4456.
4496.
4c"5B.
4aC£-01
•100E-C1
.143E-01
.312E-01
.54SE-01
.901E--01
.124E 00
. 163E 00
.249E 00
,305E 00
.422E CO
,305E 00
.249E 00
• 1B3E 00
. 124E 00
•901E-01
.545E-01
.312E-O1
c 143F-OI
A-82
-------
Table A. 15 - Absorption Coefficients for C2H4
I/CM
613.
819.
626 •
633.
6AO.
647.
854.
862.
669.
677.
684.
692.
900.
909.
917.
925.
93=4.
943.
946.
952.
95S.
961.
970.
980.
990.
1000.
1010.
1020.
103O.
1041.
1052.
1063.
1C75.
1066.
1096.
1111.
1 123.
1 136.
1 1*9.
2939.
30£2.
3108.
3lb8.
3187.
MICRON
12.300
12.200
12.100
12.000
.900
.600
.700
.600
.500
.400
.300
.200
.100
.000
10.900
10.800
10.700
10.600
10.563
10.500
10.468
10.400
10.300
10.200
10.100
10.000
9.900
9.800
9.700
9.600
9.500
9.400
9.300
9. £00
9.100
9.000
8.900
8. BOO
8.700
3.402
3.308
3.217
3.166
3.137
K(3000
.329E+00
.352E+01
. 1U4E402
.303r+0«i
. 1U4F.*C£
.352? +CJ
A-83
-------
Table A. 16 - Absorption Coefficients for PAN
I/CM
7S7.
763.
769.
775.
781.
767.
793.
800.
806.
81 1 .
B19.
626.
633.
8*0.
847.
in.
123.
136.
109.
165.
ne>t
£90.
1204.
1250.
1265.
1263.
1298.
1315.
1333.
MICRON
13.200
13.100
13.002
12.900
12.600
12.700
12.600
12.50C
12.400
12.330
12.200
12.100
12.000
1 1.900
11.600
9.000
6.900
6.600
6.700
8.?60
6.500
8.600
8.300
6.000
7.900
7.790
7.700
7.600
.7.500
K(300°)
tatnT1 cm"1)
•663E+OQ
.131E+01
.226E+01
•«16£+01
.1 17E+02
•A48E+02
.790E+C2
•296P+C2
•106e+C2
.9656*01
.124E+02
.990E+C1
.86tje+01
.496E401
.8266*00
•63CF+00
. iiye+oi
.777E+01
.462^*02
. 136E+03
.428E-f02
.138E+C1
. 119E+01
.239E-»-01
. 144E+02
.976E+02
.546E+O2
.153E-I-C2
. 1 13E+02
A-84
-------
Table A. 17 - C6n6 - BENZENE
Table A. 18-o3 - OZONE
I/CM
10^17,
101 J.
10K-.
lOc ?.
1 Oc"' .
103t .
1 036 .
1 0""^.
ICoO.
10*2.
io«*e>.
104 J,
1C -:i.
It.' !*.
106^ •
301 1 .
3053*
3CM*7 ,
30^ ?,
30t>R.
3124 .
J139.
3107.
3150.
MICRON
v.923
9.667
9.t!«;l
•J.773
''. 712
y.658
o.fcfttj
^.6i?9
•4.610
9.386
9.tt>9
9. =-24
?.«90
9.137
v.397
J.3ifl
3.30C
3.29a
3.267
3.270
3.201
3.185
J. 177
3.174
K(300°K)
(atm"1 cm'1^
•V23E+00
.471E+01
.150E+C2
.226t+C2
. 1 c* JE+02
. AAA£-f O2
• ?^90E +C2
• 4&4E +02
• »liCE*02
•90bf +C1
. 1606+0^
.1 eat +02
.150E+C2
.471E.+01
.923S*OO
.923E+00
.<71t+01
. lbOf+02
.0
°.i>VO
9.53C
9.090
°.060
9.<>UC
K(300°K)
(atm~* cm"1)
««.3rE + Ol
.34^E+OI
.^00?+01
«61b?: + 01
»°1SE*01
.bP5?+Cl
.OOSE*OI
.790E+OI
.v50E*01
.O6r>£+01
.40bE.+Ol
A-85
------- |
|