T55.3
.H3
D39
1985
905R85111
u.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
THE DAY BEFORE
CHEMICAL RESPONSE PLANNING
through
SIMULATION
A Production Guide
Developed By: U.S. EPA
REGION VII
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEAM
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 7
25 FUNSTON ROAD
KANSAS CITY, KANSAS 66115
THE DAY BEFORE...
Chemical Response Planning Through Simulation
(Production guide and video tape)
Dear Recipient:
This manual is offered to response communities of all sizes interested in
staging hazardous material simulations in order to: 1) sharpen basic
response skills; 2} improve interagency coordination; and 3) test local
contingency plans.
The manual is designed to provide baseline guidance so that local
communities can present an effective hands-on simulation at minimal cost. An
adjunct to the manual is a twenty-three minute video tape, under the same
title, that documents a prototype exercise that took place in Kansas City,
Kansas. The tape can also stand alone as a training tool and is available
from EPA Region VII.
Any comments or questions regarding these materials can be directed to
EPA Region VII, Emergency Planning and Response Branch (913/236-3888).
Sincerely,
WILLIAM J. KEFFER
Branch Chief
EPA/EP&R
(
RLS/eb
L'.3. Fnvlronmental Protection Agenc;-
''---ion 5, Library (5PL-16)
V) S. Dearborn Street, loom 1670.
u,ago, IL .60604
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION TITLE PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background and History 1
1.2 Objectives of a Simulation 2
1.3 Participants, Observers, and Their Roles 3
1.3.1 Simulation Control Team 4
1.3.2 The Incident Commander 5
1.3.3 The Narrator 6
1.4 Response Equipment 7
1.5 Planning 8
1.6 Other Considerations 9
1.7 Summary 9
2.0 SIMULATION SCENARIO DESCRIPTION 11
2.1 Selecting the Type of Response .....11
2.2 Surveying the Area Response Needs 11
2.3 Determining the Scale of the Response 12
2.4 Writing the Scenario 14
2.5 Selecting Response Equipment 15
3.0 PRE-PRODDCTION PLANNING AND LOGISTICS 17
3.1 Defining the Production Plan 17
3.2 Setting a Date for the Simulation , 18
3.3 Notifying the Participants 18
3.4 Locating the Simulation Site 18
3.5 Simulation Control Vantage Points 19
3.6 Locating an Area for Observers 19
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3.7 Locating an Area for the Narrator 20
3.8 Locating an Area for Video Documentation 21
3.9 Locating an Area for the Press 21
3.10 Securing Assistance with Special Effects 22
3.11 Procuring Equipment, Supplies and Props 23
3.12 Scheduling Planning Meeting for Key Participants..23
4.0 SIMULATION STAGING 24
4.1 Set-up 24
4.2 Emergency Notification of Participants 26
4.3 Simulation Control 26
4.4 Narration of Events 27
4.5 Termination of Simulation 28
5.0 FOLLOW-DP REVIEW AND EVALUATION 29
5.1 Presentation of Events 29
5.2 Evaluation of Events 29
6.0 POST PRODUCTION DOCUMENTATION 31
6.1 Edited Video 31
6.2 Slide - Tape 33
6.3 Written Publication 33
7.0 KANSAS CITY, KANSAS CASE HISTORY 34
7.1 The Planning 34
7.2 The Scenario 36
7.3 Simulation Control 37
7.4 Problems Encountered 38
7.5 Benefits 40
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APPENDICES
Appendix A - Planning Checklist 42
Appendix B - List of Possible Participants 46
Appendix C - Equipment List 50
Appendix D - Statement of Objectives. 56
Appendix E - Roles 4 Responsibilities #1...............59
Appendix F - Site Map 62
Appendix G - Roles & Responsibilities #2 64
Appendix H - The Scenario 66
Appendix I - Bill of Lading/Waybills 69
Appendix J - Cause and Effect Table 75
Appendix K - Projected Response 77
Appendix L - Fact Sheet 80
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EMERGENCY SIMULATION
PRODUCTION MANUAL
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background and History
Hazardous materials are commonly transported throughout the United States
by truck, railcar, aircraft, pipeline, and boat. Accidents involving these
materials occur frequently. Almost as often, people who respond to such
accidents find themselves in situations with little knowledge and training
to react and handle the situation effectively and safely. While some
federal and state agencies have the funds necessary to train response
personnel, the personnel first on scene, such as fire fighters, EMTs, and
police, have little opportunity or funding to receive such instruction.
Whereas training courses do exist for individuals, a local response group
requires training experience as a functional unit. And, because many
different groups are forced to work together during a response, it is even
more important that all response groups have the opportunity to train
together.
A very effective method available to train several response groups is
through simulation of a hazardous materials accident. This affords each
response group the opportunity to function as it normally would, but, also
in relation to a larger effort with other response groups.
A training simulation involves creating a situation which reflects all the
hazards typically encountered and requires quick, prudent action to reduce
or eliminate the dangers generated by a hazardous materials accident. Such
a response includes protecting response personnel, the public, and the
environment by means of containing or suppressing the release and limiting
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access to the area. A simulation provides the participants with a
situation to handle which is controlled, yet, allows them to make decisions
and follow actions which ideally reflect actual conditions.
Simulations have always played an important role in fire fighter training.
Fire training schools across the country incorporate the use of drill
towers and smoke houses as a means of teaching fire fighting techniques.
As the field of emergency response to hazardous materials has grown, so has
th'e need for training. Many training courses are available, both public
and private, which include the use of simulations as a means of
illustrating the proper and improper methods for dealing with hazardous
materials incidents. The Federal Environmental Protection Agency has
conducted simulations in Atlanta, GA and Chatanooga, TN. Simulations have
been produced in Portsmouth, NH and Portland, ME by the Environmental
Hazards Management Institute. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration and the Coast Guard have conducted simulations of marine
spills in several locations. In addition, smaller scale exercises have
been used in training courses presented by the EPA, Coast Guard, and
military services as well as by private firms, industrial groups,
universities and local communities. The simulation as a tool in training
for hazardous materials emergencies has become a widely used device which
can easily be applied by local and state governments to enhance their
capabilities.
1.2 Objectives of a Simulation
The primary objective of a simulation is to provide a training experience
for the participants which allows them to make decisions and apply them in
a realistic emergency situation. Participants must consider the events
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presented and act in the following areas:
o Recognition of hazards and potential hazards.
o Assessment of risks.
o Selection of personal protective devices.
o Rescue of injured persons.
o Designating affected area for evacuation purposes.
o Establishment of site control.
o Initial mitigation and control of recognized hazards.
o Utilization of available resources under the contingency plan.
o Final control and completion of response.
The events of the simulation can be recorded and reviewed by all
participants in a debrief. It is expected that mistakes will be made in
the exercise. This review and discussion of decisions serves to reinforce
the simulation learning experience.
1.3 Participants, Observers, and Their Roles
There are many different groups that may be involved in an emergency
response. In most situations the first response group on the scene will be
the police, fire fighters and emergency medical services. Their
responsibility will be to protect the public safety and try to reduce the
risk posed by the situation. As the event continues, other agencies will
become involved. These may include federal, state and local emergency
offices, health officials, politicians, environmental agencies, private
consultants and contractors, and representatives from the responsible
parties. Each group plays a role in the response to the emergency. How
each group fits in should be detailed in a local hazardous materials
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contingency plan. If such a contingency plan does not exist, one should be
developed before a simulation is attempted. All participants in the
simulation should have prior knowledge of their hazardous materials
contingency responsibilities in order to prevent mass confusion which would
limit the effectiveness of the simulation as well as a bonafide response.
Another factor that could also impact the effectiveness of the exercise
relates to the number of people and groups responding. Too many people
trying to respond could hamper the ability of various groups regardless of
the level of organization. Consequently, the response groups should be
limited to realistic sizes. Those additional persons not able to
participate should be given the opportunity to observe the exercise from a
vantage point which will not interfere with the activities. This may be
accomplished by setting up bleachers or using closed circuit television.
The observers should also be permitted to participate in the review of the
exercise. Groups of observers could be specified before the start of the
simulation and each observer group could be assigned to keep track of
certain activities and present a report of their observations during the
review. It is important that all persons, responders and observers, are
allowed to participate in some aspect of the simulation.
1.3.1 The Simulation Control Team
Control of the simulation by the producers is important in two respects:
(1) To provide responders with feedback on their action in real time;
(2) To provide documentation of the events in the simulation.
Simulation control can be effectively accomplished by no less than 2 and no
more than 5- with subordinates to act as runners, cameramen, etc. The team
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must control communications to and from the responder's command post and
the "outside" world. Activities within the command post and the "hot" zone
must be monitored, and the responders advised of the results of their
actions, which may not be apparent due to the constraints of the
simulation, (e.g. - exposure to an acid mist while wearing bunker gear).
The team must also obtain the necessary camera shots, from multiple angles,
if possible, to document the events. At the same time, the observers, and
audience must be kept informed. The control team should not keep the press
informed. This should be handled by the responders. • After the simulation
is completed, a news conference by the control team may be appropriate in
some cases.
1.3-2 The Incident Commander
This Incident Commander is most often a senior fire officer or police
agency command officer or other representative of the local authority for
hazardous materials emergency response. In many instances the Incident
Commander will, in addition to his response duties, have responsibilities
for the coordination of inter-agency response and planning within the
community. In any case, the designated Incident Commander will be very
familiar with local response resources, procedures and authority. During
the acute phase of a hazardous materials incident he is the local equivalent
of an EPA OSC or an industrial Response Manager.
During the planning phase it will be necessary to identify local
response objectives, and capabilities with regard to the availability of
equipment and trained first responders, as well as to identify the
structure of the Incident Command System (ICS) utilized locally. The
Incident Commander's planning skills are invaluable at this stage due to his
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familiarity with these items and his knowledge of the local response
community as well as the response "routine". Additionally, he will likely
be familiar with local expertise to assist with the staging of the
exercise.
During the staging of the simulation the Incident Commander will be in
charge of all local response personnel and will coordinate the activities
of all other responding agencies such as health, water, public and private
utilities, private contractors, Chemtrec responders, railroad or shipper
personnel, etc. He is ultimately responsible for all emergency operations.
The Incident Commander will be of inestimable value during the
planning of a successful simulation but, in order to assure the training
value of the simulation, he must remain uninformed of the scenario
conditions until that information is made available during the exercise.
1.3.3 The Narrator
The narrator plays a central role in the dissemination of information
during the simulated event. It is his effort that both :
1. directs the audience's attention; and
2. explains the actions taken by the response personnel as they
occur.
The importance of a good narrator cannot be overemphasized. The
individual selected should be experienced in emergency response and have
the ability and support to direct the audience and the camera crew such
that the action is coherent and explained to the audience as it happens.
In that regard, he is not unlike a sportscaster providing a play-by-play
analysis; however, he goes much further for he is part teacher, and part
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critic. He provides the audience with a running commentary such that they
understand the simulation, the actions taken, and become a part of it.
Choose this individual well and have him involved in the simulation from
the beginning. He can make the difference between a good simulation and an
excellent simulation.
1.4 Response equipment
The responders and observers are an important part of the simulation, but,
without the necessary equipment, the simulation will lose a good portion of
its effectiveness as a training experience. The equipment used in a
hazardous materials response should include items from the following areas:
Response Equipment
o Fire fighting equipment.
o Rescue and first aid equipment.
o Decontamination equipment.
o Communications devices
o Off loading equipment.
o Containment devices.
o Neutral izers.
o Heavy equipment.
o Salvage drums.
SAFETY AND SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
o Personal protective clothing.
o Respiratory protective equipment.
o Monitoring instruments.
o Sampling equipment.
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SIMULATION EQUIPMENT
o Scenario props.
o Video cameras.
o Video monitors.
o Microphones.
o Meeting room.
o Communications equipment.
The application of this equipment shall be determined by the scope of the
response. Some of the equipment may not be necessary.
1.5 Planning
Planning is the most important factor in the success of the simulation.
Sufficient time must be allowed for involving the participating parties and
for procurement of equipment. Some of the key planning objectives are
listed below.
o Identify the participants.
o Write the scenario.
o Select a location.
o Arrange planning meetings with key participants.
o Select and procure equipment.
o Make arrangements for documentation.
As mentioned before, a local contingency plan should be used as a basis for
the response. Without it, planning and execution of the simulation will be
difficult. With it, planning will be easier as it may already identify
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authorities and responsibilities.
1.6 Other Considerations
There are several other considerations which must be taken into account in
the planning and production of a simulation. It is imperative that the
participants be trained in their respective duties. In addition, all
participants must be trained in the use of personal protective devices
which may be used during the simulation. No one involved should be exposed
to any hazards that may result in injury as a result of inadequate
training. In the same vein, it must be ascertained that all participants
are insured during the simulation, or waivers should be obtained. The
production of a simulation is no easy task, but, the results are well worth
the effort. And, even if this simulation is the first, the guidance in
this manual should allow you to run a successful, meaningful simulation.
1.7 Summary
A simulation is a learning experience for the participants and observers
alike. This is its prime objective, even though we may design the exercise
to have secondary objectives such as:
o Testing of first responder personnel.
o Evaluation of emergency communications system.
o Testing of local contingency plan.
o Evaluation of public relations.
o Testing and evaluation of emergency preparedness.
It is up to the sponsoring agency or group to determine the specific areas
of performance or preparedness to be tested and evaluated. We each know
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our own community best and we oust each make our own choices as to the
groups to participate, plans to be tested, and so on. Even the most
sophisticated response groups and best plans need to be exercised in order
to maintain that sharp edge. Then, if we have chosen well and developed
and presented our simulation properly, we may reap the following benefits:
o An identification of those emergency response areas in which further
training is needed.
o A determination of the adequacy of the local contingency plan.
o A realization and rethinking of their reactions by the participants
o An objective review by the observing audience.
o An appreciation by the public and press of what goes into an emergency
response.
o And, based on the simulation, the confidence of the participants and
observers alike may be improved before a real incident occurs.
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2.0 Simulation Scenario Description
2.1 Selecting the Type of Response
The first step in organizing a simulation is to establish the type and
scope of response based on the needs of the area. The best place to start
is with the local contingency plan. From the plan determine the following:
o What agencies and groups respond to hazardous materials emergencies?
o Who would act as the Incident Commander or On-Scene Coordinator?
o What equipment and resources are available?
o How do the various response groups function together? .
o What types of hazardous materials are of the greatest concern in the
area?
o By what mode of transportation are the materials carried?
o Are there any areas that are environmentally sensitive?
Assembling this information provides a good start in defining the
simulation. In return, the simulation will indicate whether or not the
contingency plan is in need of revision and where the weakest links in the
response effort are located. If no contingency plan exists for the area
where the simulation is to be produced, one should be developed. Otherwise
tnere will be no guidelines for interaction of the different response
groups.
2.2 Surveying the Area Response Needs
The local contingency plan may not provide all the information needed. In
this case someone should survey the area to gain the needed information.
All response groups should be consulted to assure that a good understanding
of their needs has been obtained. A comprehensive survey of different
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response groups should include the following:
o Fire and rescue services.
o Emergency medical services.
o Police departments - city, county, state, sheriff, highway patrol.
o Local and state civil defense or emergency services department.
o Local and state health departments.
o State environmental agencies.
o Local emergency response contractors.
o Federal agencies - EPA, FEMA, Coast Guard, NOAA, DOT,
Army EOD, Corps of Engineers.
o Public works department/utilities.
o Local manufacturing facilities.
o Local hazardous materials carriers - truck, rail, ship.
o Medical personnel, toxicologists.
o Meteorologists.
o Communications networks.
o Local hospitals.
o Clean-up contractors.
There may be other groups which are involved in emergency response in the
area. Contact them as well. When talking with the different groups find out
what types of hazardous materials incidents they have responded to. What
types of problems did they encounter and are there any specific deficiencies
they feel should be addressed. Be sure to gather any information which could
not be found in the contingency plan.
2.3 Determining the Scale of the Response
After all of this information has been obtained, evaluate it and determine the
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most common type of hazardous materials incident in the area. List the
following information:
o The most common hazardous materials involved.
o The most common mode of transportation involved in hazardous materials
accidents.
o The size of responses in terms of number of people, amount of
equipment, and length of time.
o The greatest concern based on consensus opinion.
Now, with this information, the simulation can begin to be defined. Answer
the following questions:
o What type of accident? Spill? Fire? Reaction? Air Release?
Combination?
o What mode of transport will be involved? Truck? Rail? Barge?
Combination?
o What chemical or chemicals are to be involved? Flammable? Toxic?
Corrosive? Oxidizer? Water reactive? Other? Combination?
o What types of containers are going to be used? Tanks? Drums? Boxes?
Other? Combination?
o Which groups are going to participate?
o How will "outside world" communications be simulated?
o How will information services such as CHEMTREC be simulated?
o How many people?
o How long should the simulation last?
This information provides the basis for determining the type of response
and its scale. Now the scenario must be assembled and written. The
scenario should contain a detailed description of the incident, specific
objectives of the simulation, and a script of how the simulation is meant
to proceed once started.
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2.4 Writing the Scenario
The incident description must include a general statement of the problem
such as "a tractor-trailer jack knifed on a slippery road, rolled down a
hillside, and spilled its contents onto the ground, near a large stream".
Further description should include the following:
o The types of containers involved and how many.
o Locations of trucks, railcars, etc.
o Types of hazardous materials involved and how much has been released.
o What are the weather conditions, actual or contrived?
o How is the spill going to be simulated?
o Are actors going to be involved, how many, and what roles shall they
play?
o Are injuries going to be simulated and how?
o What are the potential outcomes, i.e., fire, reaction, explosion, etc..
The incident description is the blueprint for planning and setting up the
simulation. Prior to the simulation, it must be determined how much
information is to be provided to the responders and to the observers.
Avoiding premature disclosure of information is highly important during the
planning stage.
Once begun, the script is the tool for guiding and controlling the progress
of the simulation. The script should be general in nature and will contain
the following elements:
o Which response group is to be the first notified.
o Script of actors' actions and dialogue and when the actors are to
enter the simulation (allow for flexibility).
o What kind of actions the producers are going to take based on the
actions of the participating response groups.
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o A timetable of planned events and schedule of objectives to be met by
the participants.
In addition to the script, specific objectives must be determined as they
may impact exactly how the simulation is to proceed. Objectives should be
prioritized so they may be inserted into the script. Examples of
objectives may include:
o Recognition of hazards involved.
o Affecting a rescue of injured or exposed parties.
o Containment of spilled materials.
o Control of incident.
The scenario description and the original survey of local needs should help
define what specific objectives should be included in the simulation
script. Also, a predetermined set of penalties for mistakes make by
response personnel should be documented in the script for each major
objective.
2.5 Selecting Response Equipment
Having developed the scenario and script of activities the next step is to
determine what equipment and props are going to be required to produce the
simulation. Consider all the different groups which will be involved, the
scenario , the script, and the objectives of the simulation. Equipment
required by the response teams may include the following:
o Fire and rescue vehicles, foam, water source, safety equipment.
o Ambulances, first aid supplies, stretchers, oxygen.
o Booms, sandbags, plugs, patches, sorbents.
o Chemical agents, neutralizers.
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o Reavy equipner.t, backhoes, dump trucks.
o Monitoring instruments; combustible gas indicators, oxycen meters,
detector tubes, pH paper, photcionizers, organic vapor meters,
E.eteorological devices.
o Radios, megaphones, telephones, binoculars, tape recorders.
o Personal protective devices, SCBAs, chemical protective clothing.
o Decontamination equipment, plastic tarps, water, soap, tanks, sprayers,
pools.
o Truck, tank trucks, tank cars, barges, boats.
o Tanks, drums, barrels, boxes, carboys, portable pools.
o Moulage for simulated injuries.
o Video equipment, public address speakers.
In many cases, the response community may already have most of this
equipment. The response groups should use only that equipment which is
normally available to them. The important point is to determine what is
available and what is not. This knowledge will become an important part of
the planning process and subsequent evaluation. A source and schedule for
procurement of short shelf life items (e.g.- dry ice) should be developed
early in the planning stage in order to avoid last minute supply problems.
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3• 0 Pre-Production Planning and Logistics
3.1 Defining the Production Plan
Once a scenario has been developed and described the actual planning
process can begin. A production plan must be formulated which addresses
how the simulation is going to be prepared and produced. Included in this
plan are the following objectives:
o Setting a date for the simulation.
o Notifying the participants.
o Locating the simulation site.
o Locating simulation control vantage points.
o Locating an area for observers.
o Locating an area for a narrator.
o Locating an area for video documentation.
o Locating an area for the press.
o Securing assistance with special effects.
o Procuring equipment, supplies and props.
o Scheduling planning meetings for key participants.
A checklist and schedule for completing the above should be developed
before proceeding. This will assure that no part of the plan is forgotten.
In developing the production plan, adequate time must be allotted for
carrying out the plan. If possible, planning should begin several months
prior to the simulation. Having to rush the process will only frustrate
the personnel involved and possibly reduce the quality of the exercise.
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3.2 Setting a Date for the Simulation
Before much planning can be done,a tentative date nust be set forthe
simulation. It may be more advisable to select several dates so as to
identify one which is amenable to all parties involved. When determining
dates for the simulation, consider potential conflicts such as holidays or
other events which may interfere with the exercise. Weather can also be a
factor in determining a suitable time. In planning the simulation, allow
for at least one month before a firm date can be set. With so many
different organizations and agencies involved, it will take time to get an
affirmative reply.
3.3 Notifying the Participants
With a tentative date or dates, contact the various groups which may be
involved in the simulatio'n personally and then by letter. These groups
should have been identified during the survey of area response needs.
Request their participation in the simulation. Include in the letter a
general description of the simulation and its objectives. Explain how
that group will be involved. Be sure to indicate that they will be
participating in the whole planning process. Ask them to respond to
your letter as soon as possible, preferably by a certain date. A week
should be adequate. Once all the participants are identified and a
date is set, the planning can proceed at full speed.
3.4 Locating the Simulation Site
The scenario description will have defined a site very clearly, if it was
not based on a site already identified, one must be located. Several
factors must be considered in the selection process. These include the
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following:
o Is the site large enough?
o Does the site allow completion of the scenario as it is described?
o Isit in an area which does not interfere with traffic or business
activity?
o Can permission be obtained for use of the property from theproper
authorities?
o Is it suitable for observer viewing?
o Is it suitable for video documentation?
o Can the press observe from a good vantage point?
o Can you access the site during the days preceding the simulation for
preparation activities?
o Can the site be secured?
In order to present the best exercise, each of the above points must be
considered and resolved.
3.5 Simulation Control Vantage Points
Communications Control can be set up in any convenient location where a
telephone or sufficient radios can be made available. Hot zone and Command
Post control should be exercised by a 'coach1 in the hot zone. The camera
shots should be controlled by a 'director1 located with a view of the hot
zone, the staging area and all approaches to the hot zone. The audience
and observers will be kept up-to-date by a narrator either physically or
electronically in the same locations as the audience.
3.6 Locating an Area for Observers
If the simulation is to be watched by persons other than those
participating, an area must be selected which will allow easy observation
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of the exercise. The observers may be watching at the site or from a
remote location by video, or both. Each option offers distinct advantages
based on the simulation goals for the observer groups. Unless several
video cameras are being used which can record the various activities, the
observers will be restricted to a television which provides only one view
of the activities. Depending on the number of observers, a sufficient
number of televisions must be available for easy viewing, and an auditorium
or tent will be necessary to house equipment the closed circuit signal.
Selecting such a location must include the ability to transmit the video
signal to the room. Activities off-site can be as important or more
important than those on-site, and for this reason, close circuit viewing
only will reduce the audience's appreciation of the exercise.
For on-site viewing, bleachers or benches must be obtained for the
observers. They may be there for several hours so provide portable
'facilities' as well. Be sure to position the observers based on
prevailing wind direction and out of the way of activities during the
simulation. Locate the observers where they can view the exercise with
the greatest benefit without creating difficulties for response personnel.
3.7 Locating an Area for the Narrator
A narrator can provide observers with an on-going description of activities
during the simulation. At times, there may be little going on, so the
narrator can provide continuity to the exercise by reviewing and
summarizing the sequence of events. The narrator is important no matter
where the observers are located. When observers are on-site, the narrator
can point out certain activities taking place. For video, the narrator can
provide descriptions or 'play by play' of actions taken out of view of the
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television. The narrator should be positioned so that the entire site can
be seen easily. The use of a narrator helps minimise the effects of a poor
observer location or use of a single video camera.
3.8 Locating an Area for Video Documentation
Video may be used to assist observers in viewing the simulation, for
documentation for later evaluation, and for later presentation to other
groups. In any case, the location of the camera or cameras is critical to
the effectiveness of the video presentation. The use of a single camera
and video tape recorder (VTR) provides severe limitations. Because many
activities are occurring during the simulation, one camera cannot document
them all. If only one camera can be used it must be positioned from a high
vantage point such as from a building or from a platform lift. This will
allow a full field of view and occasional zooming in on a particular
activity. If more than one camera can be used, then the first should be
positioned as described for a single camera. Other cameras should be
placed at different angles or hand carried. Whenever possible, each camera
should be paired with a VTR. Mobile cameras should utilize telephoto
lenses to minimize interference with the on-going activities.
Consideration can also be given to the use of boom, cannon, or throat
microphones for the audio portion. It is recommended that an experienced
crew be considered to properly set this up, if possible. With good video
documentation, the simulation can be edited and used again for training.
3.9 Locating an Area for the Press
The purpose of a simulation is to provide the participants and observers
with a practical training experience so they can better protect themselves
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and the community. The press can also enhance the benefits by letting the
community know that the various response groups are v;orking together to
provide this protection. Plan to invite the press to observe the
simulation and provide them with a suitable location for gathering the
news. Allow them access to the same vantage points as the video crews if
used or let them have access to several areas where activities are taking
place. Be sure, though, that they do not interfere with the simulation.
It may even be possible to arrange to have the local television crews do
the actual video documentation of the simulation. If not, a special request
before time will probably result in the press footage being turned over to
the simulation sponsor for a legitimate purpose. Besides assisting with
documentation, the press may be able to play a role in the simulation and
assist with the evaluation. Get the press involved ahead of time and plan
their participation.
3.10 Securing Assistance with Special Effects
Special effects can enhance the effectiveness of the simulation as a
training experience. It assures that participants take the exercise
seriously and are really thinking about what is going on. Making believe
that a tank car is leaking is not as effective as a genuine leak. Use non-
toxic materials which simulate the hazardous materials to which they are
responding. That way, the responders know where to place a patch, etc...
The use of smoke and pyrotechnic devices also adds realism to the
simulation. If possible, the command detonation of smoke bombs is more
suitable than just tossing them. In planning the special effects realize
that the incorporation of pyrotechnics may require the use of a person
licensed to handle such devices and materials. If funding allows, obtain
22
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the services of a professional early. Review the script with that person.
Some suggestions may be r.ade which wjll enhance the whole exercise.
3.11 Procuring Equipment, Supplies, and Props
A lot of materials, as identified in your initial descriptions, will be
required to produce the simulation. This may provide the most difficult
task in the planning process, so utilize the resources of the response
community to the greatest extent possible. In planning to obtain the
materials, do the following:
Ask each response group to identify what equipment and supplies
they will require and whether or not they can provide them.
Ask each group to list what materials they can provide; One group
may be able to fill another's needs.
Based on the scenario determine what types of props and related
materials are needed to produce the simulation.
Develop a master list of equipment, noting which is to be provided
and which must be purchased and which must be borrowed.
With the list of purchase items and those to be borrowed, contact
local vendors, manufacturers, and contractors for assistance. For
those which provide help, include them in a press release as being
contributing sponsors of the simulation.
Make sure to schedule this process in the production plan. Use
checklists to assure that all the materials are procured in time.
3.12 Scheduling Planning Meetings for Key Participants
From the beginning, involve all participating groups. Have each group
identify a representative who will attend meetings and assist in the
production planning efforts. Schedule meetings which coincide with the
production schedule. Delegate responsibilities to each of the
representatives. Organization is the key to production of the simulation.
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4.0 Simulation Staging
Proper staging of the simulation depends upon thorough, effective planning.
If that has been accomplished, then the simulation staging will be less
complicated. Before staging the simulation it is advisable to consider
the following:
o Are all the participants prepared for the exercise?
o Have all the arrangements for use of the site been completed?
o Have arrangements for the observers been finalized?
o Has the press been notified?
o Have arrangements been made for video documentation?
o Has all the equipment and supplies been procured?
o Is the scenario description clear about the placement ofequipment
and props?
o Have arrangements been made to get assistance in setting up and
staging the simulation?
o Has a plan been completed allowing for efficient set-up of equipment
and props?
Preparing for staging the simulation can be accomplished by reviewing all
notes and checklists from the planning efforts. This step in the
production process should be reviewed at 10 days and 1 day prior to staging
the simulation.
4.1 Set-up
Once it has been determined that all is go for the simulation, the site can
be prepared for the exercise. This should be started with adequate time
allowed to prevent a late start of the activities. Set-up is based upon
exact descriptions and maps detailed in the scenario description. Major
set-up such as positioning of railcars, trucks or barges should be
24
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coEpleted first and as much before the event as possible. When this can be
accomplished does depend upon when access is allowed to the site. This
type of problem should be resolved during the planning process. The
setting up of drums, tanks and other containers should also be completed at
least several hours beforehand. All of the set-up should be based
directly on the simulation scenario description. Last minute decisions
concerning placement of equipment and props should be avoided.
There are certain aspects of set-up which cannot be completed until just
prior to the start of the simulation. The reasons include safety and the
short lifetime of special effects. The types of set-up reserved for just
prior to the simulation include:
o Pyrotechnic special effects.
o Simulation of leaking drums or other containers.
o Simulation of injured persons by makeup.
o Labeling and placarding.
Sufficient time must be alloted for safe and effective set-up. Working
with explosives and other pyrotechnic devices requires a lot of time. The
use of leaking containers in the exercise may require a source of water.
Be sure to arrange for it. Simulating leaking materials can be
accomplished by some imagination using non-toxic materials which can be
found at any grocery store. Study the characteristics of the hazardous
materials to be simulated and try and match them up with such non-toxic
materials. Make sure that the site is off-limits to participants. Be sure
that they understand that surprise is an important element of the exercise.
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i;.2 Emergency Notification of Participants
How the simulation is to begin should be detailed In the scenario
description. It should be based on existing notification procedures ir> the
local community. When the simulation begins all observers, press, video
personnel, and the narrator should be at their assigned locations. It is
important that they are not in the way of responding vehicles and
personnel.
4.3 Simulation Control
As implied earlier, the simulation control team serves 5 basic functions
- Communications Control, Command Post Control, Hot Zone Control,
Photo/Video Control and Audience/Observer Control. Specific responsibility
for each function should be assigned to an individual on the control team
with assistance from other members of the team as necessary.
Communications Control is responsible for controlling the scope of
involvement in the simulation. Especially in a small community, not all
the response community can be involved in the simulation in case an actual
incident should occur. On the other hand, the Incident Commander should have
all the resources for the simulation as he would normally use in an actual
event. For example, most responders will naturally call Chemtrec first.
This call should be to Communications Control where a player will have
to be available to fill the role of Chemtrec. Preferably, this player
should be a volunteer from a local chemical company or, if possible, a
member of Chemtrec's local response group. No calls should be made to
outside agencies without first going through the control center. In this
way, the simulation cannot be mistaken for an actual event. Extra players
should be available to Communications Control to fulfill roles which may
26
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not have been envisioned in the scenario.
The Command Post Monitor should be av/are of everything that goes on in the
staging area and Command Post. He should advise the Incident Commander of
the results of his actions which are not readily apparent due to
simulation constraints (e.g. -injuries). He can also answer questions from
the Incident Commander pertaining to the progress of the simulation. The
Hot Zone coach performs the same function for entry teams. Both control
team members should be able to monitor all communications relating to
their positions.
The Photo/Video director controls all cameramen and should have some
communications capability with them. He controls what the
observers/audience see- and, to a certain extent, hear- of the exercise.
The narrator describes the simulated events and may answer questions of the
observers. If no member of the control team has the necessary presentation
abilities, a volunteer from a local radio or television station can be
used. However, a member of the control team should be assigned to advise
him on technical matters.
Not all of these functions can be performed by a single individual. The
minimum number of individuals should be two; the maximum must be determined
by the scope of the simulation.
i.4 Narration of Events
The narrator should begin the narration of the simulation before any
responders reach the site. All events, scheduled or not scheduled should
be explained to the observers. A response is not always filled with action.
27
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The narrator should avoid long periods of silence as the observers will
become bored with the events.
4.5 Termination of Simulation
Again, the termination of the simulation should follow the script. The
narrator should announce the end of the exercise. Participating personnel
and observers should be told where and when the review of the simulation
will take place. Before the review, the site area should be cleaned up. If
preplanned, observers and participants could be taken on a tour of the
site. Drums should be stacked, pyrotechnic devices removed, and equipment
secured. If left unattended, the site may present hazards to the curious.
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5.0 Follow-up Review and Evaluation
The review and evaluation of the simulation activities is the essential
ingredient in the effectiveness of the exercise as a training experience.
It is not meant to be a critical session where participants are told how
good or bad they did. It is meant to focus on the various activities and
decisions made during the simulation. Comments and observations are to be
constructive in nature. It is up to Simulation Control to assure this.
5.1 Presentation of Events
Before any critique begins the events of the simulation should be reviewed.
The narrator should review the events using photographs and video or audio
tape recordings as available. The review of the events is especially
important if the session is held the day following the simulation. It
allows the people in attendance to better recall the events and then
discuss the simulation.
5.2 Evaluation of Events
Simulation Control should moderate the evaluation of the exercise. Each
responder group should be given the opportunity to review their actions.
If the observers were given the responsibility to monitor certain aspects
of the simulation they should have a representative from each subject area
discuss their observations. Regardless of how the discussion is conducted,
the following topics should be covered:
o Notification of spill.
o Initiation of action.
o Protection of responding personnel.
o Protection of public health.
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o Environmental protection.
o Coordination of decision-making.
o Containment and countermeasures.
o Cleanup and disposal.
o Special response operations.
o Special considerations for hazardous materials.
The Moderator should be well-versed in all aspects of the response so that
a discussion of the "school" solution can be included. The moderator is
responsible for assuring that the discussion remains relevant. Excessive
discussion of a particular topic may be non-productive and may increase
anxiety of those persons to whom the discussion may be directed. Remember
that the purpose of the review and discussion is to complement the actual
simulation so that the participants and observers can derive even greater
benefit from the total experience. It is recommended that this review be
video taped or tape recorded and summary notes/reports be provided to those
interested participants.
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6.0 Post Production Documentation
benefits of a simulation can be continued long after the actual
exercise. Professional editing of documentation can result in a training
film which can be used in courses and seminars. Although attendees would
not derive the same benefit as the simulation participants, a discussion of
the simulation and the types of problems encountered would be valuable.
In preparing some types of edited documentation many sources can be used.
Video tapes and photographs provide the visual assistance. A tape
recording of the narrator from the simulation and the same from the review
can supply information for development of scripts. Although costs may be
high for producing the edited documentation, the benefits are even greater.
6.1 Edited Video
If the simulation is to be documented by the use of video tape, the taping
of the event will require planning. It is recommended that a professional be
consulted early in this phase.
The following are some general guidelines for shooting the raw footage to
be used in an edited video:
1) Set clear objectives for the finished tape prior to shooting and
plan to shoot the response operations as they occur. If possible
use 3A" tape as opposed to 1/2". 3 A" tape is recorded at a
faster speed and the video and audio are recorded on larger tracks
resulting in higher quality pictures and sound. If 1/2" is used,
record at the fastest speed or shortest play setting on the
recorder. Cameras used should be of similar quality if possible.
Anticipate the events that will occur and make sure that the area
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is adequately "seen" by the cameras. Simulation control personnel
and referees should be instructed to avoid the cameras' fjf'ld of
view whenever possible.
2) Select fixed camera locations with care. If more than one fixed
camera is used they should be set up with over lapping fields of
view. Make sure your camera angles allow you to document all of
the action desired.
3) The use of mobile or portable cameras provides some needed
flexibility. If possible, one portable unit should be assigned to
each major operations area (i.e. contamination reduction zone and
command post, and spill area or exclusion zone).
4) The person directing the camera operators (director) should be
located where he or she has a clear view of both the simulation
scene and the camera operators. The director should be in radio
contact with the camera operators and should monitor the
operations and simulation control radio frequencies.
5) Camera operators should leave the camera microphones open during
taping. This will provide a source of ambient sound for use
during the editing process. If radios are used for communication
between the operators and the director, the camera operators
should monitor the control frequency using earphones and should
acknowledge the receipt of instructions with hand signals.
6) When shooting essential operations try to cover the operation with
at least two cameras. If possible record each camera on a
separate VTR. This will provide more footage for the edit.
Pre-production planning is the key to successfully documenting the
simulation with video. A low cost alternative to hiring a producer may be
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to enlist the aid of a local television station for technical advice and
assistance. In any case, professional consultation should be the rule
rather than the exception.
With a professionally edited videotape, many more response groups can be
familiarized with the reasons for conducting a simulation. A well done
tape can be a useful tool for enlisting support from response agencies,
local governments, and other potential sponsors.
6.2 Slide-Tape
Whether or not the simulation was videotaped, more than likely someone took
photographs of the exercise. Selecting 20-30 slides and adding a script
provides another training and awareness tool. It is less expensive than video
and usually easier to show. Most organizations have a slide projector.
6.3 Written Publication
Another way to increase the awareness of the need for simulations is to
write a short publication. It may be in the form of a letter or brochure.
It can explain what was accomplished in the simulation and what new goals
are being set. Such a publication can be sent out to response groups at
the time they are being invited to participate in a simulation. A well
composed publication can minimize time spent explaining what a simulation
is all about.
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7.0 Kansas Cityj Kansas Case History
Cn April 16, 1985, EPA Region VII TAT assisted EPA Region VII EP&R in
staging a simulated hazardous material incident for the Kansas City, Kansas
response community. Overall, the simulation was a success with both the
response community and the local media. This report details the
planning the went into the three-hour simulation.
7.1 The Planning
On December 28, 1984, the first face-to-face meeting on the simulation
between the EPA and KCK Fire Department officials took place. The purpose
of this meeting was to describe EPA's interests in the project. Attending
the meeting were:
Roy Reed, Training Officer, KCK Fire Department
Stan Miroslaw,, District Chief, HazMat, KCK Fire Department
Bob Stine, HazMat Special Agent, Union Pacific System
Bill Keffer, Branch Chief, EP&R
Gary Kepko, EP&R, Training Coordinator
Both fire officers were supportive of the simulation.
On February 8 and 19, 1985, Chief Miroslaw informed all city and county
agencies of the simulation. On February 19, EPA's statement of objectives
(Appendix D) was presented to all involved agencies. The first meeting of
all involved was held at KCK Fire Headquarters on March 5, 1985. A summary
of this meeting is contained in Appendix E.
On March 22, a meeting was held with the KCMO Fire Department's training
staff who agreed to direct the video-taping of the simulation. The video
equipment was actually set up and necessary accessories, such as lengths of
cable runs, were determined. This equipment was obtained the following
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week.
Cn March 26, the final group planning session was held. The discussion
centered in general on the organization and operations of hazardous
material incidents and specifically on the mechanics of the simulation. A
scaled map of the simulation site (Appendix F) was distributed to
attendees.
On April 10, a meeting was held concerning communications. Communication
lines were limited to the following to reduce the impact on day-to-day
operations of the agencies involve:
1. Hazardous Material Entry Teams HazMat Frequency
2. On-Scene Command and Control Fire Channel 2
3. From the scene to the outside KCK Local Government
world ( through simulation control) Channel
4. Simulation Control EPA Channel 2
This system was tested and determined to be satisfactory to all parties
present.
On April 12, a final meeting to discuss the narration and video-taping was
held with the KCMO Fire Department staff. Additional needs were identified
and procured the following Monday.
Internal meetings among the TAT to determine individual assignments were
held in the morning and at the close of business on the 15th and again on
the morning of the 16th. A memo listing duties had been previously
published on April 9 (Appendix G).
7.2 The Scenario
Prior to drafting a scenario for the simulation, a spill history from the
past year for the KCK area was accessed to determine common spill locations
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and commodities. This was to insure realism. The spill history indicated
materials similar to those we planned to use had indeed been spilled In hl-e-
jurisdiction of the first responders. Of sixteen chemical incidents in the
past year, three had been in the vicinity of our proposed location and one
of these had occurred at the exact location.
The simulation was to involve multiple transportation modes and multiple
chemicals. We chose motor vehicles and rail. The commodities involved
were toluene, methylethylketone and aniline in the van-type semi-trailer
and oleum and ammonium nitrate in railcars; a tank car and a hopper car,
respectively. Toluene was listed on the truck's shipping papers as methyl
benzene, but otherwise, all labeling and placarding was in accordance with
DOT regulations. The amount and type of materials on the truck were chosen
to allow the use of the "Dangerous" placard. Both the oleum car and one
of the commodities on the truck were to leak. Refinements were added to
the scenario the week before the simulation. Consequently, before
attending the final meeting, on March 26, of all involved agencies, the
basic scenario had been drafted; the rail tank car, the rail hopper car and
the truck trailer had been arranged for (See Appendix K) and most of the
special effects had been thought out.
The refinements added the last week were an injured railroad conductor and
a missing truck driver. A copy of the truck's bill of lading and the train
waybill is included in Appendix I.
7.3 Simulation Control
Control of the simulation was to be handled at three locations:
1. At the spill site:
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One controller was stationed in the "hot" zone to provide entry
pert-cnr-el with feedback on the results of their actions which
would not be apparent due to constraints of the simulation. £n
example of this role would be informing an individual if he was
injured due to direct contact with a material. The job title used
for this role was "site coach". The coach oonitored the HazHat
frequency as well as the simulation control frequency.
2. Simulation control:
This role provided feedback to the incident commander on his
contacts with the outside world (i.e., other, agencies and private
industry). The job title for this role was 'simulation
controller1. The two controllers monitored the scene command and
control frequency, the outside world frequency and the simulation
control frequency.
3. Video director:
This role controlled the fixed video camera, 3 portable cameras,
audio feed and tape machines, and the narrator. The job title for
this role was "director"
The narrator contributed audio commentary to the viewing room. One
controller was assigned to advise the narrator and director on the technical
aspects of the simulated problem. The director monitored the site command,
control, and the outside world frequency. Ke used the simulation control
frequency to control cameramen, etc.
For smooth control of the simulation, a 'cause and effect' table was
generated (Appendix J). The table was compiled after reviewing all
available information sources concerning compatibility, symptoms, etc., and
from the personal experiences of the TAT project managers.
In an attempt to anticipate requests from the Incident Commander, a
projected scenario (Appendix K) was developed for use by the simulation
controllers. Appendix K was not updated to reflect the later refinements
to the scenario and it reflected only one approach to the problem.
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However, it did provide some important planning guidance in the last two
weeks before the simulation.
All control personnel, including cameramen, were provided distinctive T-
Shirts to allow for easy identification. Cameramen also had numbers taped
to their backs identifying them to the director.
7.4 Problems Encountered
Until the week before the simulation, planning, procurement of materials and
information flow was fairly smooth. Fact sheets (Appendix L) were
distributed to businesses in the vicinity of the simulation on April 3 and
4. This effort was time consuming and a more efficient method of
distribution than hand delivery to the individual businesses may be
available in some locations.
Intense activity was required on April 15 due, in large part, to the need
for perishable items. Dry ice and smoke bombs (to simulate an acid mist
cloud) had to be obtained. However, other activities, such as procuring
the identifying T-shirts, could have been accomplished earlier if the need
had been recognized earlier.
Another unexpected problem arose when, in the week prior to the simulation,
two actual highly publicized chemical releases occurred in the local area,
similar in many respects to our simulation. This generated a greater
interest in the exercise, both from the public and the response community,
than we anticipated. Last minute attempts to procure additional seating
and portable sanitary facilities for observers met with limited success.
On the day of the simulation, operations went smoothly with one major
38
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exception: a communications problen with the "outside world" frequency
occurred at the beginning of the simulation and was not detected and
rectified until almost 1000 hours. The fire dispatcher made his
notifications over this frequency, as instructed, at 0914. Due to a
transmission/reception problem, simulation control failed to monitor the
notifications. Because of this, many of the agencies which would have
participated, such as the county health authorities and EPA, were not
notified or requested to respond as early as they normally would have been.
Much of the discussion during the debriefing/critique held after the
simulation centered on this point. This breakdown occurred despite a local
communications check just prior to the simulation.
All communications were tape recorded except for the simulation control
frequency. Because of this, a running commentary by the site coach went
unrecorded. This commentary would have been valuable in producing the
final video tape production.
A relatively minor problem encountered resulted from media coverage of the
simulation and seemed to be unavoidable. Although favorable overall, one
television news reporter ended his report criticizing the responders for
not removing the hopper car loaded with ammonium nitrate from the scene.
This reporter never asked anyone why the car was not moved and he either did
not receive or did not read the scenario description. If he had, the
reporter would have realized the car was derailed as an initial condition
of the simulation and could not be moved. This problem was made somewhat
more significant since one of the early concerns expressed by some of the
representatives from the local agencies was that the simulation would
39
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portray then in a poor light. A briefing of all media representatives as
a group may prevent this type of problem. This type of brief :'.ng IE a
logical function of the responding agencies' public information system.
During the critique, the fire officer in charge of the EMT's (who was an
observer) indicated he felt like the response actions seemed to be
unnaturally slow, as if the participants were being extra cautious because
of the simulation. He specifically mentioned it took 21 minutes to
extricate the injured conductor. After the critique, when asked if he felt
this was true, the Incident Commander stated that all members of the
department responded pretty much as they would in an actual simulation. He
also said he felt he had ordered the extrication of the injured man too
soon, as evidenced by the fact that one of his men involved in the rescue
suffered simulated acid burns.
All other comments at the critique were unquestionably positive.
7.5 Benefits
The simulation was a successful training experience for all involved,
participants as well as planners. Lessons were learned both for responding
to these types of emergencies and for staging simulations.
Coordination between the responding agencies and industry counterparts, and
coordination between agencies, was demonstrated. The scenario design
allowed for active participation by the entire response community while
pointing out some of the potential problems and shortcomings arising in
this type of emergency. The fire department was forced into what many
consider an untraditional role because there was no actual or immediate
threat of a fire. During the critique, a discussion occurred concerning
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ways and means of improving information flow between the various agencies,
primarily local health and fire officials, both during emergencies and
during routine operations. Although no commitment was rcade to improve this
flow at the critique, the discussion is encouraging in and of itself.
The raw material for a video tape was produced which should be a valuable
training aid for first responders when completed.
The simulation producers learned how inexpensively this type of exercise
could be staged. It should be noted that the truck, both rail cars, the
bleachers, the barricades and most of the video and audio equipment were
donated for the duration of the simulation, not to mention the manpower
provided by the responding agencies.
Chiefly, the local response agencies developed a better understanding of
their capabilities, resources available and additional requirements for
handling a hazardous material incident.
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APPENDIX A
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Planning Checklist
Simulation Scenario Description
Area identified for simulation? []
Local contingency plan? __[]
Area needs identified?
What are they?
id?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f-
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Type of simulation?
Scope complete? []
Who will participate? []
(see separate list)
How many participants? []
How much time is needed? []
How will it be documented? []
Will there be post-production documentation? []
What? a. [ ]
b. []
c. []
d. []
Scenario description developed? []
Equipment required? []
(see separate list)
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Script written? []
Fre-Production Planning and Logistics
Date for simulation set? []
Participants notified? []
Simulation site located? []
Area for observers? []
Location for narrator? []
Location for video? [ ]
Location for press? []
Special effects person contracted? []
Equipment, supplies, props procured? []
Simulation Staging
Participants prepared? []
Site arrangements confirmed? [ ]
Arrangements for observers completed? []
Press notified? []
Video documentation arranged? []
All equipment, supplies, props secured? []
Manifests or bills of lading prepared? []
Setup plan and prop placement clear? []
Help arranged for set-up and staging? []
Who? a. []
b. []
c. []
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d.
e.
f.
Set-up completed?
Pyrotechnics?
Leak simulation?
Moulage?
Labeling and placarding? ,
H
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Follow-up Review and Evaluation
Meeting room arranged? []
Audio-visuals arranged? ; [ ]
Review and evaluation procedure determined? []
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APPENDIX B
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List of Possible Participants
Fire departments
Local
Industrial
Medical
Ambulance
Rescue squads
Toxicologists, Doctors
Poison control center
Hospital
Red Cross
Polioe Departments
Local
County
State
Highway patrol
Sheriff
Industrial security
Civil Defense/ Disaster Services
Local
State
Federal - FEMA ' '
Health Departments
Local
State
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Federal - CDC
Public Works/Utilities
Water
Sewage treatment
Electric/gas
Environmental SQlentis t s
Local/private
State
Universities
Local Emergency Response Contractors
Mitigation
Removal
Heavy equipment
Federal Agencies
Coast Guard
NOAA
DOT
Military - tech escort, EOD, Corps of Engineers, National Guard
EPA, USGS, OSFW
Legal Hazardous Materials Carriers
Truck
Rail
Barge
Chemical Experts
48
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Industry
Univers ity
Meteorologists
National Weather Service
Television
Airport
C o mmu nioations
Local radio, television
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APPEJJDIX C
50
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EQUIPMENT LIST
Quantity Source ' Ccmlete
Drums
Taiks
Boxes
Vehicles
Moulage
Water
Sinulated hazardous materials
Sacke
Pyrotechnic supplies
Other
Trucks/apparatus
Tools/equipment
Foam and equipment
Fire extinguishers
Other
Rescue and First A-iri
Vehicles
Stretchers
First aid/trauma kits
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Oxygen
Other
Boons
Patches, plugs
Sand bags
Pneumatic bags
Plastic sbeets/tarps
Neutralizers
Sorbents
Shovels
Other
Peraor proteotive
Respirators
Pressure demand SCBA
Air-purifying respirators
Chemical protective clothing
Splash suits
Fully encapsulating suits
Gloves
Boots
Disposables
Hardhats
Eye protection
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Face shields
IXact tape
Other
Mnnito
Cccfcustible gas indicators
Oxygen meters
Detector tubes
Organic survey meters
Radiation survey meters
Passive dosimeters
Specific survey instruments
Litmus paper, pH paper
.Other
Sampling devices
Containers
Labels
Packaging
Other
Radios
Telephones
Msgaphones
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Horns
Other
reduction
Buckets, tubs, containers
Plastic
Brushes
Water
Detergent
Sprayers
Cither
Conputer terminal
Microfiche reader
Qnergency Handling of
Hazardous Materials
DOT Emergency Response
Guidebook 1984
Dangerous Properties of
Industrial Materials
Condensed Chemical Dictionary
OMEADS
GHEES Vol. 2
Hazardline
Other
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Video camera
Camera
Tape recorders
Other
Heavy
Backboes
Dunp trucks
Vacuum trucks
Offload tankers
Cranes
Bulldozers
Other
Meteorological equipment
Clipboards
Binoculars
Salvage drums
Barriers ftor site control
Tools
Other
55
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APPENDIX D
56
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KANSAS CITY, KANSAS HAZ-MAT INCIDENT
HANDS ON RESPONSE SIMULATION EXERCISE
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this exercise is to allow the first re-
sponder, (usually the police department, the health department
or the fire department) to be prepared on the insight and me-
chanics needed in responding to a potential haz-mat incident.
PARTICIPANTS WILL ACT THROUGH A HANDS ON SIMULATION
A hands on simulation is a design where the responding
parties act within and upon a simulation of real components
on situations and receive feed-back from them which effects the
game activity and .the ultimate outcome.
RULES FOR A HANDS ON SIMULATION
A. The scenario is to be designed using actual data—
railway, truck line, organizational structures, Fire
Department response, contingency plans and implemen-
tation.
B. The site is to be on the block of Funston Road which
fronts the EPA Regional Lab and includes a currently
unused railroad spur near the lab.
C. All participants in the exercise should take all action,
telephone calls, messages and radio messages, etc., as
they would do in real situations.
D. A command post for control shall be set up and all ac-
tions will be completed with and through the command
post control.
E. The command post can use data from experts, other or-
ganizations, or other expertise which may be needed to
obtain information for proper decisions.
EXERCISE PARTICIPANTS
The exercise organization will include the following four
groups:
A. Responding agencies
Fire Department
Police Department
Health Department (City and County)
57
-------
Water Pollution
- EPA Region VII
- Kansas Division of Emergency Preparedness
Civil Defense
B. Moderator
- Simulation narrator to answer procedural questions
C. Audience
Invited supporting agency representatives and spec-
tators (making notes for a critique following simu-
lation)
D. Communication
VCR Documentation
Co-ordinate exercise communications
(Radios and Telephones)
ACHIEVEMENT
This training evaluation exercise presents the opportunity
to participate in a major haz-mat situation without the risks of
actual danger. We can critique our actions and determine if the
correct decisions were made. The success of the exercise de-
pends upon you to react, discuss and solve the problems as they
arise.
ANTICIPATE ! ! J
and
PARTICIPATE ! i !
58
-------
APPENDIX E
59
-------
Mr. Stan Miroslaw
Kansas City, KS Fire Dept.
6th & Armstrong
Kansas City, Kansas 66101
Dear Stan:
This letter will serve to confirm volunteered and implied responsibilities for
the KCK / Funston Road response drill. It will also point out commitments that
will need to be obtained very soon in order to meet the 16 April 85 drill date.
1) The KCK Fire Department will be the host agency,
2) The KCK FD will secure permission from the city to close the necessary
roads at 8:00 PM on 15 April 85 until 4:00 PM on 16 April 85,
3) Stan Miroslaw will be the Incident Commander,
4) The Incident Commander will send out drafts of the response
organization chart and request feedback,
5) The Incident Commander will select planners for the exercise from the
various participating agencies.,
6) The planners will meet no later that 1 April 85 to specify players,
7) The EPA will arrange for the exercise set up, including:
a) secure and spot trailer
b) tank car
c) hard wire & fixed video
d) roving video
e) narration
f) documentory package
Most, if not all, of these services will be obtained locally from
volunteering organizations,
8) The EPA will replace or provide reasonable quantities of expendable
personnel protective gear,
9) Representatives of Mobay Chemical will "play" as Chemtrec, and
10) By 1 April 85, the EPA will produce a Letter of Notification and Fact
Sheet for distribution to players and Funston Road area businesses.
This will be reviewed at the 1 April planning session and distributed
by 8 April 85.
-------
The items listed are subject to your approval. Please call me at
913/621-6240 to discuss any probTerns you may forsee or any additions or
changes that need to be made regarding the above.
Sincerly,
Robert L. Sholar
61
-------
APPENDIX F
62
-------
AVMOUdVHi XVJHIVd
til
CO
urn
C3
5
1
LU
CO
LU
LU
a
UJ
a:
LI
CO
co
CO
CO
63
i i
-------
APPENDIX G
-------
Suite 306, Gate\va\ Centre II
J _/ _ 4th & State Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66101 • ,913i 621-6240
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TEAM FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE REMOVAL AND PREVENTION
EPA CONTRACT 68-01-6669
TO: Distribution List
THRU: ^Robert L. Sholar, Region VII TATL
FROM: Richard A. Nickle, Region VII TAT
SUBJECT: Roles During KCK Simulation
April 9, 1985
The following is a list of tentative role assignments for the hands-on
simulation for the KCK response community on April 16. All TATM's should
be at the EPA Lab no later than 7:30 AM on the 16th to help with set-up.
If you have anv questions about your role, please see me.
ASSIGNMENT(S)
Site Coach, Observer's Narrator and/or
Simulation Controller
Chemtrec
Conference Room Moderator
Players - OSC/TAT or 2 TATs
Video Camera Operators
INDIVIDUAL(S)
Bill Keffer, Bob Sholar or
Rich Nickle
Mobay Chemical
Diane Thompson, Helen Bennett,
or Ron McCutcheon
Curt Jones & Bob Fine
Helen Holm, Pam Davis &
Wood Ramsey
RAN/dm
Distribution List:
William Keffer
Ron McCutcheon
Diane Thompson
Robert Sholar
Rich Nickle
Curt Jones
Bob Fine
Wood Ramsey
Helen Holm
Pam Davis
65
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
SPILL PREVENTION & EMERGENCY RESPONSE DIVISION
In Association with ICF Inc., Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., C.C. Johnson & Associates, Inc., and Tetra Tech, Inc.,
-------
APPENDIX H
66
-------
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SIMULATION
KANSAS CITY, KANSAS
The simulation is designed to test the hands-on response capabilities
of local, state and federal emergency services to a hazardous material
incident and to improve interagency coordination. The exercise will pose a
dynamic hazardous material problem and allow response agencies the
opportunity to solve the problem in real time. Responders will be required
to deal with time related variations of incident conditions and to predict
the consequences of their actions. A de-brief will follow the incident in
order to allow the participants to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses.
This simulated incident will begin with the notification of the 911
operator, by a passer-by at 8:55 AM, April 16, 1985, of a collision between
a truck and a train at 25 Funston Road. There is smoke in the area but no
sign of fire. The first responders to the scene observe a tank car and a
covered hopper car which apparently crashed broadside into a 40 foot van-
type tractor trailer.
The tank car is placarded "Corrosive" with the number "1831". A mist
or fume is forming over the leaking liquid from this car. The hopper car
is placarded "Oxidizer" with "2067". It is essentially undamaged. Both
cars are partially derailed. The train crew has already uncoupled the
engine and moved some distance from the scene.
The semi-trailer is placarded "Dangerous". There is a colorless
liquid with a distinctive odor leaking from the bottom of the trailer. The
tractor-trailer was hit near the right rear of the trailer and that portion
of the trailer wall is caved in. According to witnesses, the driver
appeared to be stunned and left the scene. One member of the train crew is
on scene.
At 9:00 AM, a fire alarm is sounded at the Kansas City, Kansas Fire
Department and a response to the incident begins....
67
-------
SPECIAL APPRECIATION FOR HELP IN ARRANGING THIS SIMULATION IS EXTENDED TO:
o Region VII Environmental Protection Agency
o Kansas City, Kansas Fire Department
o Union Pacific System
o Kansas City, Missouri Fire Department
o WDAF Radio
o Mobil Oil Company, Rail Fleet Maintenance
o Jones Truck Lines
o Mobay Chemical Company
o Kansas City, Kansas Parks & Recreation Department
o Kansas State Fire Marshall's Office
68
-------
APPENDIX I
69
-------
ATIENTION SHARERS!
FREIGHT CHARGES ARE PREPAID ON THIS BILL OF LADING UNLESS MARKED COLLECT
3
STRAIGHT BILL OF LADING
ORIGINAL—NOT NEGOTIABLE
Transporters of .America
IN.™ ol Cmnml (SCAC)
Shipper NO. 85-QBM-04001
Garner No. 01-85-040003
Date 4/16/85
nsignee Painters of Kansas
Co'-ect on Delivery shipments the tellers COD" musl appear before consignee s name*
as otherwise provioed m item 430 Sec 1
1 Funston Road
Kansas City, Kansas
Zip Code
66117
FROM:
Shipper
Street
Origin
Chemical Producers
450 Cheyenne
Kansas City, Kansas
66206
Fairfax
Vehicle
Number
to ol Units
ontamer Type
HM
DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION
(Proper Shipping Name, Class and
Identification Number per 172.101, 172202, 172.203
UN*
or
NA«
TOTAL QUANTITY
(Weignt. Volume.
Gallons, etc.)
WEIGHT
(Subiect to
Correction)
RATE
CHARGES
(For Gamer
Use Only)
drums
X
methyl benzene (flam, liq.)
1294
220 gals.
1591 Ibs.
2.00
318.0
drums
aniline (poison B)
1547
220 gals.
1883 Ibs.
3.00
595.0
drums
methyl ethyl ketone (flam, liq.)
1193
220 gals.
1472 Ibs.
2.00
294.0
Placard: "Dangerous"
PLACARDS TENDERED: YES& NOD
660 gals.
4946 Ibs.
$1,207
WIT
).D TO:
DRESS
Above
COD
Amf $
C.O.D FEE-
PREPAID D
COLLECT D
»e—Where th« rmie » dependent on value snipper*
KjuireO to naie specifically in writing the agreed or
ired value o' the ptoperly
• agreed v declared value o> tne properly !• rtentoy
Jficaii) stated Dy the snipper to be not exceeding
5.00 ,, pound
This 19 to C«nify th*l the above-named materials are
properly Classified ae&cnbed p*c*ageo "wrhed and
la Deled and are in proper condition tor transportation
according to the applicable regulations of the Department
of Transportation
— _ Signature
Swbtect to Section 7 of the conditions i' ir>acourM on ine convigno' tr>a consignor snail sign the
following statement
The carrier shall not mane Oelr*er> of this snipmeni without payment ol
Iretgrtt and an other tawlui charges
TOTAL
CHARGES
FREIGHT CHARGES
(Sionalur* of Consignor)
FREIGHT PREPAID
e«c*pi wnen DOI ai
D "."
RECEIVED, subject to the classifications and tariffs m effect on the date of the issue of this
8tM of Ladmg ir>e property described aoow in apparent good order, except as noted (contents
and condition of contents of packages unknown), marked, consigned, and destined as
tndicaied aoove which said earner (the won] earner being understood throughout this contract
as meaning any person or corporation in possession of the properly under the contract) agrees
to carry 10 us usuil place of delivery at said destination, if on its route, otherwise to deliver to
another earner on the route to said destination H is mutually agreed as to each carrier of all or
any of. said properly over all or any ponton of said route to destination and as to each party at
any time interested in all or any said property, that every service to be performed hereunder
shall be subject to all the bill ol lading terms and conditions in the governing classification on
the dale of shipment
Shipper hereby certifies that he is familiar with all the bill of lading terms and conditions in
the governing classification and tne said terms and conditions are hereby agreed to by the
shipper and accepted for himself and his assigns
tPPER
J. B. McGraw
CARRIER
Abe Miller
See above
PER
Transporters of America, Ola the, Kansas
DATE
April 16, 1985
-anent pos'-oMice address of shipper
STYLE F-60 £>LABELMASTER CHICAGO. IL 60626
70
-------
• WD640
DANGEBOUS
802 - UNION F/CIJIC h'ILEO>D COMP/KY - 622
ORIGINAL FREIGHT WAYBILL
FORM 33?99
^ 6'77
CAR INITIALS ANC- NUMBER
TANK 014221
TRAILER IN.TIA,. ANC NIJW6EC
KtSC
T
LENG'f*
GROSS WG*
TARE
PLAN NUMBER
Nf *
LENGTM OP.DEP.E:
BILL OF LADING NO
N/J
LENG1* FURNISHED
CAPAC "* O"DEREC
DATE Oc SHIPMENT
04
12 85
CAPAC'Tt FUflNiSnEr
WAYBILL NUMBER
14-8919
>TOP
"HIS AT
:AR
CONSIGNEE AND ADDRESS AT STOP
NUMBER STATION
30 DENVER
STATE OR PROV
CO
FROM
BILLED
AT
NUMBER STATION
2031 FAIRFAX
20 ST LOUIS
13TH 6. OLIVE
STATE
MO 63102
ROOM 512 DESK 7
UP
ROOTING SHOW
A IF AGENT
'S lp SHIPPER
ROUTE CODE NO
FULL NAME OF SHIPPER
ALLIED CHEMICAL COMPANY
1001 MNDLE5EKGEB DFIVZ
5/IRF/X, K.S . 66557
(91?) 84*^-6789
Code No
RECONSIGNED TO
STATION
RWC
091RAZTEST
CONSIGNEE AND ADDRESS
ABBOTT L/POR/.TCBIES
2567 TENVEE DRIVE
DENVER. CO. 77564
(415) 675-7666
Cooe No
FINAL DESTINATION AND ADDITIONAL ROUTING
SPECIAL
ISTRUCTIONS
•NO
;ONDITIONS
PL'C/RLED COR-ROSIVE
IF BAI-ORDEREU NOTIFY SHIPPER
WEIGHT AGREEMENT
AT
GROSS
TARE
ALLOW
ANCE
NET
WEIGHED
DC NOT KEIGE-V'EIGET AGREEMENT
WHEN ShIPPEB IN THE UN'TEO STATES EXECUTES
THE NO RECOURSE CLAUSE OF SECTION 7 OF
THE BILL OF LADING INSERT yES
LOAD S
COUNT
H Commodity
J Cob. Ho
4930030
C/L OLFUM (SULFUR 1C >CID
FUMING>
CORROSIVE MATERIAL,
ACIDIC. POISONOUS
NA 1831
ENVIROMENTALLT HAZARDOUS
SUPST/NCE
A. P. SPEVINS
TRTIFIC^TICN SPECIFIED IN 49
WEIGHT
RATE
167,000
.0
FREIGHT
, ON PEHAL
CFR 172.20
OF SHIPPER AVERS
(O DOT-Et61fc.
71 i
802 - UNION P/CIFIC hMLHC/D COMPANY - 802
IF CHARGES ARE TC BE PREPAID
AR TE OR STAMP HERE
TO BE PREPAID'
TO BIT
ADVANCES
PREPAID
R/T 04/12 15:5f
-------
CLASSIFICATION: COFROSIVF MATERIAL
COMMODITY NUMBER IS 4930030
OLEUM (SULFURIC ACID FUMING)
CORROSIVE MATERIAL, ACIDIC, POISONOUS
NA1831
ENVIRONMENTAL!! HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
(RQ-1000/454)
OLEUM IS A COLORLESS TO BLACK FUMING LIQUID. IT IS USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS, DYES, EXPLOSIVES AND IN PETROLEUM REFINING. IT IS
SOLUBLE IN WATER WITH RELEASE OF HEAT. IT IS CORROSIVE TO METALS AND
TISSUE. IT WILL GEAR WOOD AND MOST OTHER ORGANIC MATTER. THE HEAT FROM
THIS CHARRING MAY BE SUFFICIENT TO IGNITE THE WOOD OR ORGANIC MATTER. IT
WEIGHS 16.5 POUNDS PER GALLON..
IF MATERIAL INVOLVED IN FIRE
EXTINGUISH FIRE USING AGENT SUITABLE FOR TYPE OF SURROUNDING FIRE
(MATERIAL ITSELF DOES NOT BURN OR BURNS WITH DIFFICULTY.)
USE WATER IN FLOODING QUANTITIES AS FOG
COOL ALL AFFECTED CONTAINERS WITH FLOODING QUANTITIES OF WATER
APPLY WATER FROM AS FAR A DISTANCE AS POSSIBLE
IF MATERIAL NOT INVOLVED IN FIRE
KEEP MATERIAL OUT OF WATER SOURCES AND SFWERS
BUILD DIKES TO CONTAIN FLOW AS NECESSARY
USE WATER SPRAY TO KNOCK-DOWN VAPORS
NEUTRALIZE SPILIED MATERIAL WITH CRUSHED LIMESTONE, SODA ASH, OR LIME
PERSONNEL PROTECTION
AVOID BREATHING VAPORS
KEEP UPWIND
AVOID BODILY CONTACT WITH TEE MATERIAL
WEAR BOOTS, PROTECTIVE GLOVES, AND GOGGLES
DO NOT HANDLE BROKEN PACKAGES WITHOUT PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WASH AWAY ANY MATERIAL WHICH MAY HAVE CONTACTED TEE BODY WITH COPIOUS
AMOUNTS OF WATER OR SOAP AMD WATER
IF CONTACT WITK TEE MATERIAL ANTICIPATED,
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS - LAND SPILL
DIG A PIT, POND, LAGOON, HOLDING A*EA TO CONTAIN LIQUID OR SOLID
MATERIAL
DIKE SURFACE FLOW USING SOIL, SAND BAGS
CONCRETE
ABSORB BULK LIQUID WITE FLY ASF OR CEMENT
NEUTRALIZE WITH AGEICUITURAL LIME (SLAKED
SODIUM BICARPONATF
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS - WATER SPILI
NEUTRALIZE WITH AGRICULTURAL LIME (SLAKID LIMJ),
SODIUM BICARBONATE
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS - AIR SPILL
APPIY WATER SPRAY OR MIST T.C KN^CK DOWN VAPORS
VAPOR KNOCKDOWN WATER IS CORROSIVE OR TOXIC AND
WEAR FULL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
FOAMED POIYUEETHANE, OR FOAMED
POWDER
LIME),
CRUSHED LIMESTONE, OR
CTUSEFP LIMESTCM, OP
SEOUL! PF IIKFI FOR
CONTAINMEN'
72
-------
TBe)2?
DH'GEROUS
494 - MISSOURI PACIFIC R.R. CC. - 494
ORIGINAL FREIGHT WAYBILL
FORM 33?99
REV 5,7?
CAR IN'TtALS AND NUMBED
DP 22481
3.
KIN?
r.
LENGTH
GROSS WG-
TARE
PLAN NUMBER
MET
LENGTH OB3ERE:
BILL Oc LADING NO
N / A
LENGTH PURNISH£L
CAPAC'TY ORDERE"
DATE OF SHIPMENT
04 I*1 8^
CAPACITY FURNISHED
WAYBILL NUMBER
INFO COPT
478PM
STOP
THIS AT
CAR
CONSIGNEE AND ADDRESS AT STOP
JO NUMBER STATION STATE OR PROV
4940 LULING LA
STATION
STATE
FROM NUM(*R
ACTUAL
ORIGIN 9004 KANSAS CITY MO
BILLED 9004 ST LOUIS MO 63103
QLTTT.. -ROOM fi 1 ? DKSK 7
" r
UBOUTING SHOV.
A IF AGEN*
S IF SHIPPER
ROUTE CODE NO
FULL NAME OF SHIPPER
AGEICO CHEMICAL COMPANY
4312 BLIERIDGE PARJiV^AY
LJNSJS CITY. MO. 66154
CofleNo
RECONSIGNED TO
STATION
DM
092FAZTEST
CONSIGNEE AND ADDRESS
BREVSTER PHOSPHATES
405 UNIGHTWAY ROAD
LULING, LA. 77004
I
Code No
FINAL DESTINATION AND ADDITIONAL ROUTING
SPECIAL
INSTRUCTIONS
AND
CONDITIONS
LOAD i
COUNT
Description of Articles
Soeciai Marks and Exceptions
PLACARDED OXIDIZE?
IF BAD-ORDERED NOTIFY SHIPPER
NOTIIY CONSIGNEE PEFCRE
TEAM TRACK DELIVERY
WEIGHT AGREEMENT
NG TEAM
4918774
AT
GROSS
ALLOV.
ANCE
NET
WEIGHED
DO NOT VEIGH-VEIGHT AGREEMENT
WHEN SHIPPER IN THE UN'TEC STATES EXECUTES
THE NO RECOURSE CtAUSE OF SECTION 7 OF
THE BILL OF LADING INSER" VES
1 C/L AMMONIUM NITRATE
FERTILIZER '.CONTAINING
NOT MORE TFAN 0.22
CAP.BON)
CXIDIZER
UN2067
* TFFRMJLLY UNSTABLE
JOHN SMITH
CERTIFICATION SPECIFIED IN 49
UNASSIGNED CAR CSD NO. 435.
WEIGHT
RATE
147,063
.0
ON 5EEAL
FR 172.20
CF SFIPPtR AVERS
.A; DOT-ET616.
FREIGHT
V * * *=
lc CHARGES ARE TC BE PREPAIB
WRITE OR STAMP HERE
"TO BE PREPAID"
TT1
ADVANCES
FRZPA13
PREPAID
73
494 - MISSOURI P^CIIIC R.R. CC. - 494
R/T 04/15 15:5?
-------
CLASSIFICATION: OXIDIZER
COMMODITY NUMBER IS 4918310
AMMONIUM NITRATE FERTILIZER (CONTAINING
NO MORE THAN 0.2% CARBON)
OXIDIZER
UN2067
THERMALLY UNSTABLE
AMMONIUM NITRATE FERTILIZER IS A GREYISH WHITE SOLID IN THE FORM OF
PRILLS. IT IS SOLUBLE IN WATER. THE MATERIAL ITSELF DOES NOT READILY BURN
BUT WILL READILY DO SO IF CONTAMINATED BY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. IT WILL
ACCELERATE THE BURNING OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. TOXIC OXIDES OF NITROGEN
ARE PRODUCED DURING COMBUSTION OF THIS MATERIAL.
IF MATERIAL ON FIRE OR INVOLVED IN FIRE-
FLOOD WITH WATER
COOL ALL AFFECTED CONTAINERS WITH FLOODING QUANTITIES OF WATER
APPLY WATER FROM AS FAR A DISTANCE AS POSSIBLE
IF MATERIAL NOT ON FIRE AND NOT INVOLVED IN FIRE
KEEP SPARKS, FLAMES, AND OTHER SOURCES OF IGNITION AWAY
KEEP MATERIAL OUT OF WATER SOURCES AND SEWERS
PERSONNEL PROTECTION
WEAR BOOTS, PROTECTIVE GLOVES, AND GOGGLES
DO NOT HANDLE BROKEN PACKAGES WITHOUT PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
VASH AWAY ANY MATERIAL WHICH MAY HAVE CONTACTED THE BODY KITE COPIOUS
AMOUNTS OF WATER OR SOAP AND WATER
VEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS WHEN FIGHTING FIRES INVOLVING
THIS MATERIAL
APPROACH FIRE WITH CAUTION
EVACUATION
IF'FIRE BECOMES UNCONTROLLABLE - EVACUATE FOR A RADIUS OF 5000 FEET
74
-------
APPENDIX J
75
-------
-ction of 1st
Result
r^tectve
clothin
2.
3.
Water cont^ct^ oleum
directly in a stream
or hi-velocity fog.
Acid contacts ornam'cs
4 Organics rontact Ammonium
Nitrate
5. Ammonium Nitrate contacts
Acid
6 Acids contact metal?,
especially fragments.
7. Ignition or heat source
introduced.
1. £>cirl burns nn exposed skin &
eyes, pulmonary edema.
2. Violent spTat^ering w/increas"ing
•?cid mist and Sulfur dioxide
generation,
3 FIRE & heat; Toluene fumps generatpd
Sulfur dioxide & Hydrogen Sulfide
ga^ generated. Possibfe BLEVE of
drums or tank car. Possible explosion
of Ammonium Nitratp.
4. FIRE and oossibly EXPLOSION. Nitro-
gen oxides releaspd. Possible BLEVE
of drums and/or tank car.
5. EXPLOSION & FTRE: Toxic gases generated,
primarily Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide
anfi Hydrogen Sulfide.
6. Hydrogen Gas gpnerated,and quickly dis-
sipated unless confined-
7'. EXPLOSION or possibly only a FIRE.
Toxir ga^ released. Location nf
fire/explosion determines what type
of gas is re^ea^ed and what, other
types of hazards are possiblp.
Possible BLF.VE nf drums or tank car.
Pnssible explosion of Hopper car.
76
-------
APPENDIX K
77
-------
PROJECTED SCENARIO
0855 Collision report.
0905 First responders on scene. Isolation of area begins soon
afterward.
0910 First responders and railroad crew meet.
0915 Fire alarm notified that hazardous materials are involved.
HazMat Team requested.
0920 Incident Commander (1C), while enroute to scene, directs other
agencies be notified and their assistance requested. Contingency
plan activated.
0921 Evacuation ordered 1/4 mile in all directions and 1 mile x 1/2
mile downwind.
0922 I.C. orders water fog to reduce vapors, diking to contain runoff
water and neutralizer for the acid (lime).
0935 Press on scene. UPRR representative Bob Stein on scene.
0940 Tank truck to offload oleum called for. All city agencies on
scene.
0942 ' Level A Entry Team I enters to uncouple hopper car and assess
truck conditions.
0943 Evacuation of 1/4 mile completed by KCK police department.
0950 Hopper car uncoupled and made up to locomotive.
1000 Team I out. Hopper car removed to safe distance. Bill of lading
for truck found.
1010 Tank truck on scene. Team II in to dike oleum. (First at storm
sewers, then from mek and toluene).
1011 1C calls for sorbent materials and overpacks.*
1012 All agencies requested on scene.
1030 Team II out.
1040 Level A Team III enters with neutralizers attempting to
neutralize diluted acid in runoff containment area.
1050 Team III hooks up tank car to tank truck to start transfer of
acid.
1055 Transfer started.
78
-------
1100 Team III out.
1110 Team I in to open trailer and investigate contents,
1113 Trailer opened.
1125 Team I finds two leaking toluene drums.
1130 Team I out.
1132 Overpacks arrive.
1140 Team II enters to overpack drums.
1155 Drums overpacked.
1200 Team II out.
79
-------
APPENDIX L
80
-------
NOTICE
EPA FACT SHEET
HAZMAT EMERGENCY RESPONSE SIMULATION
April 16, 1985
A Training Exercise for the Local Response Community:
The "Kansas City, Kansas Fire Department, in association with the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, will be conducting a hazardous material
incident simulation on April 16, 1985. The simulation will take place in
the Fairfax District of the city between the hours of 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM.
During these hours, Funston Road will be closed between Fairfax Trafficway
and Chrysler Road to all traffic not directly involved in the simulation.
We are providing this advance notice so that the impact of this roadway
closure on your daily business will be minimized. Should this closure
cause any conflicts, please contact Chief Stan Miroslaw at 913/573-5550 or
Bill Keffer at 913/236-3888.
You and your representative(s) are cordially invited to observe this
exercise of the metropolitan emergency response community. Upon arrival at
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory at 25 Funston Road,
please register and stay in the designated observation areas. To assist in
planning this event, please call Rich Nickle at 913/621-6240, by April 12,
with the number of people, if attending.
81
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