ILLINOIS RIVER BASIN RESERVOIRS
Report on the Benefits to Watar Supply and Pollution
Abatement Resulting from Low Flow Augmentation for
the Jubilee, London Mills, St. Mary, Mackinaw Dells,
Kenney, Oakley and Taylorville Reservoirs.
Prepared at the request of the
District Engineer, Chicago District
Corps of Engineers
U. S. DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH, EDUCAEIOB, AND WELFARE
Public Health Servics
Bureau of State Services
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control
Region V
Chicago, Illinois
September 1959
-------
ILLINOIS RIVER BASIN RESERVOIRS
Report on the Benefits to Water Supply and Pollution
Abatement Resulting from Low Flow Augmentation for
the Jubilee, London Mills, St. Mary, Mackinaw Dells,
Kenney, Oakley and Taylorville Reservoirs.
Prepared at the request of the
District Engineer, Chicago District
Corps of Engineers
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND 'WELFARE
Public Health Servics
Bureau of State Services
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control
Region V
Chicago, Illinois
September 1959
-------
PREFACE
In a study of this type, one is necessarily bound by the accep-
ted engineering and economic practices of the day. As a result of
these practices and of- the assumptions imposed by Public Law 500, the
conclusions of this study will perhaps seem harsh and final this is
not the intent.
Placing a value on present water supply benefits is difficult
at best, and the prognostication of a value for these same benefits
in 50 or 100 years is inconceivable. We should keep in mind that if
these dams are built they will stand and be useful for more than 50
years. Yet, we are required to amortize an investment over a period
of 50 years and to return interest after 10 years.
For purposes of Title III, analyses are made under the assump-
tion that water supply developments will be financed wholly by the
city. If it becomes a State or Federal policy to aid in the construe*
tion of such developments, water from a Corps of Engineers' Reservoir
might become financially more attractive to the city.
With the above thoughts in mind this report is submitted, and
although it is bound by accepted practices it is as liberal as possible
in hopes that it will at least approach conditions of the future.
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
DESCRIPTION 3
PROCEDURE 5
ST. MARY RESERVOIR 8
OAKLEY RESERVOIR 15
TAYLORVILLE RESERVOIR 2?
MACKINAW DELLS RESERVOIR Ul
JUBILEE RESERVOIR k?
LONDON MILLS RESERVOIR ^9
KENNEY RESERVOIR 51
SUMMARY 53
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 55
GENERAL MAP 56
-ii-
-------
IHTRODaCTION
This report was initiated at the written request of the Dis-
trict Engineer, Corps of Engineers, Chicago, Illinois, in a letter
feted August 14, 1959-
The Corps request relates to the "Memorandum of Agreement Be-
tvten the Department of the Army and the Department of Health, Edu-
cation, and Welfare to Provide Assistance in Implementing the Water
Supply Act of 1958 (Title ill, Public Law 500, 85th Congress)."
Pertinent portions of the memorandum are:
"I-SUBVEY AND REVIEW IHVESTIGATIOHS
a. In carrying out any authorized survey, or
review investigation, which may lead to construction
of projects at which provisions for municipal or in-
dustrial water supply may be feasible and justified,
the Corps of Engineers will consult with the ?ublie
Health Service to obtain the views and recommendations
of that agency on present and prospective needs for
such water supply and the desirability of meeting those
needs from the project or projects under consideration.
The Corps of Engineers will include in reports sub-
mitted to Congress, plans for the development of
water supplies for municipal and industrial purposes
and the views and recommendations of the Public Health
Service.
b. The Public Health Service will prepare and
submit a report to the Corps of Engineers setting
forth its ^findings and recommendations on each in-
dividual survey or review investigation involving
improvements which may be useful and justified in
developing water supplies. Upon completion of
such survey or review investigation but prior to
its submission to the Congress, the Chief of Engineers
will furnish a copy of his proposed report to the
Surgeon General, Public Health Service, for his re-
view and comments in accordance with established
Federal interagency procedures."
The authority to undertake this study stems from the Public
Health Service Act of : 921 as amended, Public Law 1*10, ?8th
-------
Congress, and from the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, Public
Lav 660, 84th Congress.
Title III of the Rivers and Harbors and Flood Control Act
of 1958, Public Law 500, 85th Congress, stipulates that storage
nay be included in reservoir projects of the Corps of Engineers or
the Bureau of Reclamation for present or anticipated future munici-
pal or industrial water supplies provided that state and local in-
terest agree to pay all costs including interest. Payment may be
delayed vithout incurrence of interest charges until initial use of
the supply but the interest free period can not exceed ten years,
and the total cost must be repaid within the life of the projects,
which cannot exceed fifty years.
-------
DESCRIPTION
The Illinois River watershed extends southwesterly across the
northern half of Illinois from Chicago to the Mississippi River at
Grafton, 38.7 miles above St. Louis, Missouri, northerly to just west
of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and easterly to South Bend, Indiana. About
kO percent of the State is drained by the Illinois River.
This report covers seven multipurpose reservoirs on tributaries
entering the Illinois River between Peoria and a point a few miles
below Beardstown. Three of the tributary watersheds, Kickapoo Creek,
Spoon River, and La Moine River, are north of the Illinois, and the
other two, Mackinaw and Sangamon Rivers, are south of it.
Valleys of the three northern tributaries are characterized
by meandering streams bordered by long stretches of very flat land.
Beyond the flat flood plains, the valleys ascent steeply to the up-
lands . The valleys of the southern tributaries are narrow with low,
poorly defined sides that often merge with the flat Bordering uplands.
Interstream upland areas range fma practically flat to gently un-
dulating plains with a relief of 50 to 75 feet a mile. The bulk
of the area is uader cultivation devoted principally to grain-legume
crop rotation.
Glaciation resulted in the complete burial of a well develop-
ed pre-glacial drainage system. Bedrock is revealed occasionally
in valleys, often only on one^side, where a high area of the pre-
glacial bedrock topography is crossed.
-3-
-------
The area is primarily agrieultrual. Principal manufacturing
centers are Decatur, Bloomington,, Lincoln, Taylorville and Macomb.
Other communities are centers of local trading in agricultural machinery
and farm products. Mineral resources include coal, sand and gravel,
limestone, and some oil and gas. Coal is produced in several areas
but mining activities are being curtailed. As a result, most mining
towns are losing population.
However, the population of the area appears to have stablized
with larger communities experiencing a population rise counterbalanced
by decrease in the smaller communities and in the rural areas.
Throughout the northern third of the Illinois River Basin, and
along the main stem of the river, little use is made of streams for
municipal water supply. Wells are the principal supply source. In
other parts of the basin many municipalities, especially the larger
cities, use streams or impoundments. Water supplies of Springfield,
Bloomington and Decatur are obtained from reservoirs on tributary
streams. Storage reservoirs vary considerably in capacity, the larg-
est being Lakes Springfield and Decatur in the Sangamon River Basin
and Lake Bloomington in the Mackinaw River Basin. Reservoirs of less-
er capacity supply several small communities. Other small communities
rely upon wells sunk in glacial drift, or sand and gravel deposits in
stream beds.
-------
PROCEDURE
Prior to reducing this report to writing, a number of
preliminary steps were necessary. The first step was to determine
those communities having a present or future municipal and industri-
al need which could reasonably be supplied from the proposed re-
servoirs. A list of communities within a 25 mile radius of the dam
was prepared for each reservoir. The lists vere reviewed by the
Illinois Department of Public Health and the Illinois State Water
Survey to pin-point municipalities having a possible present or
future water supply need. Many municipalities were removed from
the list because existing water supplies were considered adequate
for present and future needs. Others were eliminated due to their
proximity to the Illinois or Mississippi Rivers where adequate
water is readily available. Still others were eliminated because
of access to adequate ground water.
Data from various sources concerning the remaining munici-
palities were then collected and assembled. The principal data
sources were records and publications of the State Department of
Public Health, the State Water Survey and reports of the Corps of
Engineers. Other sources included Bureau of the Census publications
and consulting engineers reports. Reports prepared by consulting
engineers proved extremely helpful, especially for evaluation of
alternate water supply projects.
In estimating future populations to year 2010 it was assum-
ed that larger communities would continue growth in accordance with
-------
their past trends. For smaller communities, which generally have
been losing population, it was assumed that the population would
stabilize and remain at the present levels or increase only slightly.
In calculating future demands it was assumed that each
community, whose estimated population will not reach 2,500 in the
year 2010, would use 100 gallons per capita per day. Water use, in
communities with populations 2,500 or more, was assumed to be 150
gallons per capita per day. Industrial water use was added to these
figures.
The Corps' projects have a value equal to the cost of the
most economical equivalent alternate supply, minus the cost of a
water system utilizing the Corps' projects. In determining costs
of alternate supplies, use was made of a number of sources.
1. "Reservoir Construction Cost in Illinois," Corps of
Engineers.
2. "Data Book for Civil Engineers - Speifications and
Costs," Elwyn E. Seelye.
3. Engineering News Record Cost Index for June 1958 (759.2).
h. Engineering News Record Index projected to the year 2000.
5- Engineering News Record unit costs.
6. Consulting Engineers Reports.
Construction costs were figured on the basis of June, 1958
cost values. Legal, engineering, administrative and contingency
costs were estimated to comprise 25$ of the project cost. Annual
costs were determined on an annuity basis using a project life of
50 years at an interest rate of k%. Annual power, operation and
maintenance, and miscellaneous costs, where applicable, were added
to the annuity for totrl annual costs.
-------
A value for low flow augmentation for pollution abatement
was fixed as the cost of a sewage treatment plant which would render
an equal degree of purification.
Evaporation rates were secured from State Water Survey
Bulletin Ho. ^3, "1952-1955 Illinois Drought with Special Reference
to Impounding Reservoir Design/' Department of Registration and
Education, State Water Survey Division.
Runoff, well yields, and sedimentation rates were ohtained
from "Atlas of Illinois Resources-Section 1, Water Resources and
Climate," Department of Registration and Education, Division of
Industrial Planning and Development.
Selection of alternate sites was accomplished by using
topographic maps, State Water Bulletin No. 31 (Preliminary Data on
Surface Water Resources), and consulting engineers reports.
The ground water sources considered as alternate supplies
were assumed to require chlorination and possibly iron removal or
other minimum treatment to produce a safe potable water. A higher
degree of treatment, including filtration, was considered necessary
for surface supplies.
=7=
-------
SJT. MARY RESERVOIR
The proposed Reservoir is located at mile 62.0 on the La
Moine River. The dam would be located in Hancock County about a
mile from the McDonouth County Line, and would be a rolled earth
structure 8,900 feet in length and 83 feet in height with a 570 foot
concrete spillway at elevation 5^5. Tainter gates on the spillway
would bring the maximum pool elevation to 570 feet. Reservoir
capacity at the top of the gates would be 296,kOO acre-feet. Of
this, 256,1+00 acre-feet would be allocated to flood control, 33,000
acre-feet to water supply and conservation, and 7*000 acre-feet to
sediment.
Agriculture is the chief area occupation. Main agricultural
endeavors include fattening livestock and growing cash and live-
stock grain. Industry is small and limited primarily to creamery
and poultry processing companies. The area is expected to retain
its rural character with very little or no industrial expansion.
The largest city within 25 miles of the reservoir is Macomb
vith a population of 10,592. Carthage and Rushville are the second
and third largest cities with populations of 3,214 and 2,682, re-
spectively. Remaining municipalities have populations of about one
thousand or less. Macomb and Carthage have shown population, increas-
es since 1910, but the counties and most of the other municipalities
have experienced population decreases.
Major water supply potentials are the Mississippi River,
La Moine River, the East Fork of the La Moine River, and several
large creeks. Alternate supplies evaluated in this report are on
-------
Baptist Creek, the East Fork of the La Moine River, and the Mississippi
flood plain.
Except in the flood plain of the Mississippi River, groundwater
is not plentiful. However, small cities of less than one thousand
population can meet their water supply needs from groundwater sources.
Since no large municipalities discharge sewage below the re-
servoir, water storage for low flow augmentation would not be needed
for pollution abatement.
On the basis of consultation with the Illinois Department of
Public Health and the Illinois State Water Survey, and an analysis
Of their records, only Carthage, Macomb, Blandinsville and La Harpe
evidence water supply needs.
Carthage
The city obtains water from two wells capable of producing 200
I/ 2/
gpm,~/ or 0.29 mgd,_/ and a reservoir. At the present time water is
drawn from the lake only two hours a day except Sunday when it is used
all day to provide soft water for Monday's wash.
The existing reservoir had a capacity of 130 mg3/ in 1937/ hut
sedimentation reduced this to 110 mg by 195^- It is estimated that
its capacity will be reduced to 8k mg by 1994 and 74 mg by the year
2010.
Water use in the city increased from 21 gpcdVin 1920 to 70
gpcd in 1952. This includes water used by a creamery and two poultry
I/ gpm—gallons per minute
mgd—million gallons per day
mg° ^million gallons
gpcd—-gallons per capita per day
-------
processing plants. An estimated 150 gpcd will be needed in 2010 to
supply increased industrial and municipal use.
It is estimated that the population of the city will reach
7,500 in the year 2010. This population, using 150 gpcd, will need
1.13 mgd. The existing reservoir will not supply this amount for an
eight month drought such as occured in 1953-195^•
The city engineer has determined that the existing reservoir
can be enlarged to provide 2^k mg in 199^- by raising the dam 10 feet
at a cost of $26^,000. Assuming the same sedimentation rate as in the
past, the reservoir capacity will be 2jk mg in 2010, which would sup- .
ply the estimated water needs of the city for an 8 month drought
period.
Alternate water supply sources are the Mississippi River or
the City of Hamilton on. the Mississippi River. The city engineer
estimated the cost of developing either of these sources for 0.5 mgd
to be about $1»O8,000. This cost includes intake, pumping and trans-
portation facilities. Facilities for 1.13 mgd would cost $720,000.
Inasmuch as Carthage is located midway between St. Mary Reser-
voir and the Mississippi River, a water transportation system from
either of these sources would cost about $720,000. However, if
Carthage used the St. Mary Reservoir, its proportionate cost of the
reservoir would be added to this transportation cost.
Raising the existing dam 10 feet would supply adequate water
for the city and would be the most economical water supply develop-
ment. It is believed that Carthage will not be a potential water
user of the St. Mary Reservoir daring the next 50 years.
-------
Macomb
The city is located on the East Fork of the La Moine River,
about Ik miles northeast of the St. Mary Reservoir site. Western
Illinois State College, pottery and porcelain companies, and two sheet
metal products companies are situated in Macomb.
Macomb has had a fairly uniform population growth which is ex-
pected to climb from the present 10 ,,592 to 17,000 in the year 2010.
Water use increased from kO gpcd in 19^0 to 60 gpcd in 1955 including
industrial use. The city's present use is 0.7 mgd. The total expect-
ed water use in 2010 is 150 gpcd which will amount to 2.55 mgd.
Macomb obtains water from a 150 mg reservoir on Spring Creek
and a 2.5 ing channel dam reservoir on the East Fork of the La Moine
River. The city's Spring Greek reservoir will be filled with sedi-
ment by 1980 and the channel dam reservoir is not a reliable source.
The city would require 615 mg during an 8 month drought period in the
year 2010.
Hlandinsyille
Blandinsville is located on Baptist Creek, about 11 miles north
of the St. Mary Reservoir. The population decreased from 1,150 in
1910 to 920 in 1914-0 at which point it leveled off and remained constant
till 1950. The city is expected to reach 1,000 in 50 years. Water use
is also expected to increase from a present 40 gpcd to 100 gpcd in the
year 2010, when the total water use will be 0.10 mgd.
The city now takes O.OU mgd from a 26.8 mg reservoir and a
channel dam reservoir on Little Creek, but these supplies are not
adequate for future needs.
-11-
-------
La Harpe
The city is located on the South Branch of Crooked Creek, about
13 miles north of the St. Mary Reservoir. La Harpe'» population de-
creased from 1,3^9 in 1910 to 1,295 in 1950. Assuming that the popu-
lation will stabilize after adequate vater becomes available, the pro-
jected population for the year 2010 is 1,300.
La Harpe pumps water from the South Branch of Crooked Creek to
its raw water reservoir. Present water use is 65,000 gpd of which
15,000 gpd is used by a creamery. Water use is estimated at 0.13 mgd
for the year 2010.
Alternate Sources
To utilize the St. Mary Reservoir, Macomb, Blandinsville and
La Harpe would have to construct transportation facilities.
Macomb could construct a 16" pipe line from the St. Mary
Beservoir to the city for an annual cost of $131,000. This includes
pumping costs but no. reservoir costs.
Blandinsville and La Harpe could construct a common pipe line
to the St. Mary Reservoir. This project would cost La Harpe $36,^00
per year and Blandinsville $13,500 per year.
Alternate 1
Macomb, Blandinsville and La Harpe could construct a common
reservoir on Baptist Creek near Blandinsville. This reservoir must
have a capacity of 2,5^5 acre-feet to compensate for sedimentation
and evaporation. Sueh a reservoir could be built for a total cost of
$2,5^5>000. Based on the proportionate amount of water used by each
-12-
-------
-------
city, Macomb's share of the reservoir cost would be $2,336,000. Bland-
insville and La Harpe would pay $92,000 and $117,000, respectively,
for their share of the reservoir.
For use of this reservoir Maeomb would have to lay a 16" pipe
line 8 miles long. Macomb's total annual cost of this alternate, in-
cluding reservoir, pipe lifoe, and pumpage, would be $178,000.
Blandinsville would have to transport water about one mile
from this reservoir. The total annual cost of reservoir, pipe line,
and pumpage, would be $7,^*00 for Blandinsville.
La Harpe must lay 6 1/2 miles of 6" pipe in order to utilize
this reservoir. The total annual project cost for La Harpe would be
$22,500, including reservoir pipe line and pumpage.
Alternate 2
Macomb could construct a reservoir on the East Fork of the
La Moine River ten miles below the city for a cost of $2,400,000.
Ten miles of 16" pipe from this reservoir to the city would cost
$1,110,000. The total annual cost for this alternate would be
$209,000 including reservoir, pipe line and pumpage.
Alternate 3
La Harpe could lay a pipe line 10 miles northwest to wells
drilled in the Mississippi River flood plain and obtain abundant
water at an annual cost of $25,000. This water would only need
chlorination.
•13-
-------
SUMMARY
ST. MARY RESERVOIR
1. Macomb can secure 2.55 mgd from a reservoir on Baptist Creek for
an annual cost of $1?8>OOQ or from a reservoir on the East Fork
of the La Moine River for an annual cost of $209,000, The annual
cost of transporting water from the St. Mary Reservoir would be
$131,000. Water from the Corps of Engineers' project at St.
Mary has an annual value of $46,900 for Macomb.
2. Blandinsville can secure 0.10 mgd from a reservoir on Baptist
Creek for an annual cost of $7,400. The annual cost of trans-
porting water from the St. Mary Reservoir would be $13,500.
Water storage in the Corps of Engineers' project at St. Mary
has no economic value for Blandinsville .
3» La Harpe can secure 0.13 mg^ from a reservoir on Baptist Creek
for an annual cost of $22,500. The annual cost of transporting
water from St. Mary Reservoir wculd be $36,400. Water storage
in the Corps of Engineers' project at St. Mary has no economic
value for La Harpe.
k. Carthage can raise its existing dam and develop an adequate
water supply for less than 60 percent of the cost of a trans-
mission line to the St. Mary Reservoir.
5« Water storage in the St. Mary Reservoir for low flow augmentation
would have no value for pollution abatement.
-------
-------
dAKLEY RESERVOIR
The proposed Oakley Dam is located on the Sangamon River,
approximately five miles north of Dscatur, and would be 3,500 feet
long and 55 feet high. The total volume of the reservoir, as pre-
sently proposed for all purposes, would be 1^8,000 acre-feet with
11,000 acre-feet allocated for water s^ply ar.d k^OO acre-feet for
sediment. The lake formed by tha '"t:"'r.',seri'e;bio:i-sed±aent pool would
be 2,^00 acres, with an average depth of approximately 5 feet ex-
cluding the sediment pool. I>rring a ssvea month maximum demand peri-
od and a simultaneous 100 year drought^ tte yield of the Oakley Re-
servoir would be 12o2 mgd for water supply purposes. This yield is
based on the ass'umption that Lake Dseatur will centime to "be credit-
ed with all runoff from the watershed.
Areas around Oakley are rich farm land, prodrying abundant
soybean, corn and wheat crops as well as ether crops in smaller
quantities. Except for Dsoat'or. ^..Jtnmnait.ies witJnir. "":e area are
predominately rural in chararfcar. i71'.,® largest municipalities within
25 miles of the dam and their respective populations ares Decatur
(66,269), Monticello (2,612), Bement (1,^59), Lovington (1,152),
Maroa (1,100), and Cerro Gordo (1,052). There appear to be no out-
standing features in the smaller towns indicative of future indus-
trial growth. Some small population growth may occur as a result
of industrial workers from Decatur settling in suburban towns, but
such increase is expected to be negligible. In general, it may be
said that no significant increase in water use is probable within
this area, again, excepting Decatur and its urban area, and future
-15-
-------
demands can be met from existing sources.
Decatur
Decatur is located on both sides of the Sangamon River,
approximately 5 miles southwest of the proposed Oakley Dam site. It
is the only industrial center in the Oakley Project area. Until
World War II, the major manufacturing activity centered around the
processing of agricultural products supplied from the surrounding
counties. There were also railroad shops and metal products firms,
two of which, Wagner Malleable Iron and Mueller Company, are leaders
in their respective fields. During and after the War period, several
large manufacturers of metal products moved into the City, employing
approximately 11,000, or about 25$ of the present labor force. The
largest new industry in this field is the Caterpillar Tractor Company
with 3,200 employees.
Decatur has had a continual growth since i860. The population
increased from 3,839 in that year to an estimated "7,,000 in 1957.
This increase occurred in two ways: (l) new people moving into the
city proper and (2) annexation of areas into the city limits. It is
expected that annexation will continue until the city approximates the
present urban area. It is anticipated that water needs will be
supplied through Decatur's present system and forecasts are made in
this light. The 1957 population of this urban area, which includes
all of Decatur Township and parts of adjacent townships, was 86,400.
The growth potential of the Decatur urban area is high. It is
located approximately midway between Chicago and St. Louis. It is
the trading center for an agricultural area of approximately 7>000
-16-
-------
square miles, which provides a large market for manufacturing, commer-
cial and service establishments. The larger industries,, such as
Caterpillar Tractor, A. E. Staley, Berg-Warner^, Pittsburgh Plate
Glass, General Electric, Mueller, Wagner and Decatur Pump, serve
national and international markets.
Transportation facilities are very good. Decatur is served "by
five railroads - the Wabash, Illinois Central, Baltimore and Ohio,
Pennsylvania and Illinois Terminal. The Wabash and Illinois Central
Railroads maintain yards and shops in Dseatur. Two Federal and four
State highways intersect in Decatur providing excellent highway
connections. Improvements are currently underway or planned for
several of these highways which will further enhance fxeir value.
Ozark Airlines operate 12 flights daily -lonnectiug Denatiir vith
Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, Indianapolis and several other large
cities.
Raw materials, for industry processing agricultural products,
are available in the immediate area. Decatur is the center of the
soybean industry in the United Statas. Corn and soybean products
account for some 35$ of earnings from manufactured goods sold outside
the immediate area. The A. E. Staley Co., largest of this industrial
group, employs some 3fOOQ people.
Raw materials for the metals industry, which are primarily
fabrication plants, are available from the large steel mills in the
Chicago area.
Electric power is supplied by the Illinois Power Company which
also distributes natural gas from the Pandhandle Eastern Pips Line
Co. Coal and oil deposits are located throughout several nearby
counties.
-17-
-------
The labor supply for the Dscatur area Is drawn from a radius
of about 30 miles. There is a tight labor market in Decatur itself>
latest unemployment figures indicate less than 2^000 unemployed out
of a total labor force of H8,OQO people. However, south of Deeatur
mechanization and abandonment of coal mines has resulted in consider-
able unemployment. Decatur's industries have absorbed many of thest
workers and others will;, in all liVali^ocr1,.; avigmett Iteeatitr's man-
power in the future. Additional la^nr vl"..l i^douVially le attracted
from other areas,, either commuting cr moving itito the city.
In addition to the direct factors affecting t&e influx of in-
dustry, such as transportation, la"hor? markets^ fuel and power, there
are many other factors. For example^ DscjaiKT is the borne of Milliken
University which has facilities for about 1/JOO fuZl-tias sclents,
and offers adult education programs. The p'abllc school system is re-
ported to be good, Aboxit 11 percent of the city's total araa is de-
voted to parks and recreational areas, ia addition to the recreation-
al development at Lake Decatur. The city has a ftill-tiaie planning
commission and an effective zoning program 'jral.x'i is providing for a
city of 200,000 people. Public projects are being developed at a
rate twice that of the U. S. average.
The firms, now located in Decatur, do not anticipate large
expansions in the forseeable future, with the exception of Spencer
Kellogg which is planning a new oil refinery. Hormal expansion at
a rate approximating that in the past is predicted for these firms.
Development of new industry is anticipated, generally in the construc-
tion and automotive fields. Commercial and service establishments
are expected to increase in proportion to population growth.
-18-
-------
The Deeatur area is expected to maintain approximately the
same population growth rate as previously experienced. Population to
be served with water in the year 2010 is estimated at 130,000 people.
Total water usage from city mains in 1957 was 10 mgd for the
average day, with approximately 35 industrial and other large users
accounting for ^.5 mgd. Maximum daily use has reached 19 mgd. The
average domestic and commercial use is 75 gps-.
TABLE I
Average Daily Water Use by Major Water Users in Deeatur, Illinois.
Latest
Consumer Available Consumption (mgd)
Archer-Daniels-Midland^/ 1.00
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad .01
Borg-Warner .50
Citizen's Building .03
Chambers-Bering-Quinlan Co. .09
Caterpillar Co. 1.00
Checkerboard Soybean Co. .08
Deeatur Milling .05
Decatur High Schools .03
Deeatur and Macon County Hospital .02
Empress Theatre .'ig
General Electric ..".2
Grigoleit Co. .13
Houdaille Hersey, Decatur Division i.02
Illinois Central Eailroad .05
Illinois Power Co. .09
Lincoln Theatre .03
Meadow Gold Dairy .11
Mueller Co. .22
Milliken University .Olj-
Normans laundry .06
Orlando Hotel .03
Schudel Laundry .0*4-
Soft Water Service .03
Spencer Kellogg .26
Signal Depot .12
Staley Co.i/ .69
Staley Co.=/ 4.00
Standard Office Building .01
St. Mary's Hospital .01
St. Nicolas Hotel .03
-19-
-------
Consumer
Sunshine Dairy
Wagner Malleable Iron
Wabash Railroad
Wabash Industrial Tract
Total
Latest
Available Consumption (mgd)
.03
•39
A5
.16
10:
In addition to those using the city system, there are several
self or partially self-supplied users. These are the Staley Co. and
Archer-Daniels-Midland Co. who take water from Lake Decatur, and sever-
al small ice companies and dairies who are supplied from individual
wells.
The two companies supplied from Lake Decatur use and average
of 15 mgd. About 11 mgd is cooling water which is returned to the
Lake. The remaining self-supplied users have wells producing from 30
to 125 gpm. The quality of the ground supply varies, but in general
has a high iron content and is hard. However, the users of well sup-
plies do not contemplate switching their source of supply nor do they
contemplate extensive expansion. Their existing supplies are adequate
for present and future needs.
Per capita use is anticipated to reach 150 gpd in the year 2010,
for domestic and commercial use, due to an expected increase in the
number of water consuming devices both in the home and in commercial
establishments. The total domestic and commercial use in 2010 is .
I/ Self-supplied from Lake Decatur.
"2J Portion of Staley Co. usage supplied by City.
Total minus self-supplied industries does not equal
figure of ^.5 mgd since consumption data are from
different years.
-20-
-------
estimated at 20 mgd.
Industrial -water use is expected to increase at a rate similar
to that experienced in the past with increased use by existing and
new industry} tempered by conservation practices, and decreased use
by the railroads. Futiire industrial demands for the year 2010 are
estimated at 18 mgd including an estimated 7-0 mgd for Staley and
Archer-Daniels-Midland over and abcvs cooling water requirements.
Total municipal and industrial water use for the Dsctatur area
in 2010 is estimated at 38 mgd average.
The principle source of the present water supply is Lake
Decatur, constructed in 1922 on the Sangamoc, River Just south of
Decatur. In 1952;, the Advisory Committee .for Preservation of Lake
Decatur and for Additional Water Supplies reported that "siltation
and increased uses hare created a serious and immediate threat to
the water supply." This "forecast" was realized during the severe
drought of 1953-5^ wfaeKj due to a reduction in capacity from silta-
tion and greatly increased water demandsP the inadequacy o? Lake
Decatur was shown. The Committee proposed a plan of long range
development of water sources which included the Oakley site - either
in conjunction with the Corps of Engineers or by the city itself.
After the drought experience, two stopgap measures were un-
dertaken to provide water until new sources could be developed.
Bascule gates were installed in 1955 on the original Lake Decatur
Dam to provide approximately 16,000 acre-feet of additional storage,
and two wells, with a capacity of 5 mgd, were developed in the un-
derground Mahomet Valley, 12-11* miles north of the city. Water from
-21-
-------
these wells is pumped into Sangasicn River and flows into Lake Decatur.
The quality of the present supply is good. There is little
pollution, and, although the reservoir was relatively shallow until
the gate installation, few algae problems have been encountered.
Treatment consists of softening, sedimentation, filtration,recarbona-
tion and chlorination. The treatment plant capacity was recently in-
creased frcsn j-h to 26 mg.'l.
The critical drought period, for Dgee^vor, as determined by the
city's consulting engineer, based on the 100 year mlo-lamai runoff and
the maximum demand, is approximately seven months. The net storage
necessary to carry over this period at present rates of \ise is approxi-
mately 4.5 billion gallons. The net yield of the pre*aa.t Lake Dacatur
is about 5 A billion gallons including seven months runoff. With
siltation progressing at a rats of about 1.2$ psr year, and increasing
use, the present source is estimated to be adec^uate until 19^5-
Ground water is located in scattered lenses thrc-
-------
TABLE II
Alternate Water Supplies
Yield I/ Estimated Year Initial Cost 2/
, (mgd). of Inadequacy (mil. $)
Source
Alternate 1;
Present Lake Decatur 19. k 1965
Oakley by Corps of Engineers
as presently proposed £2.2
Big Creek (Stage 1) 3/ 17-1 after 2010 $ U.8
Alternate 2;
Present Lake Decatur 19.3 1965
Oakley by Corps of Engineers
with Increased capacity 25.2 after 2010
Alternate 3 A
Present Lake Decatur 17-8 1965
Oakley by City (Stage 1) J/ 17.7 1980 $ ,7.8
Oakley by City (Stage 2) 5/ 200Q .7
Friends Creek 13.1 after 20.10 2.7
W% $11.2
Alternate h:
Present Lake Decatur 18.9 1965
Oakley by City (Stage l) k/ 1.8 1980 $ 7.8
Big Creek (Stage l) 3/ 0, - 2000 5-3
Big Creek (Stage 2) 3/ **•**' after 2010 _ ._2
WI¥ $13.3
Alternate ^;
Present Lake Decatur 13.0 1965
Big Creek (Stage l) 3/ -„ s 1985 $ 6.5
Big Creek (Stage 2) 3/ ^ 1995 -3
Oakley by City (Stage 1) W 8.8 after 2010 JJ-.6
I/ Estimated yield in mgd produced in the year 2010 over a
seven month period.
2/ Initial cost in 1958 dollars based on a projected ENR
Construction Cost Index and returned to 1958 value at a
k$ rate of interest.
3/ Big Creek (stage l) consists of a pool 1,170 acres in area
with a gross storage of 14,200 acre -feet. Stage 2 de-
notes the same structure increased in height by the
-23-
-------
addition of five foot gates increasing the lake area to
1,520 acres and the gross storage to 21,000 acre -feet.
The design, of Oakley Dam, as proposed by the city's con-
sultants, consists of a first structure forming a pool
with an area of 2^00 acres and a gross storage of 15,000
acre-feet which is designated at Stage 1. Stage 2 en-
tails increasing the height of the structure five feet "by
means of gates, thus providing a lake with an area of
acres and a gross storage of 30>000 acre-feet.
All of the above alternate s-rvir-ies are located on the water-
shed which sirpplivBfi lake Zfocaturj lieref ora, all water is of equal
quality. All sources discharge clira rily i?rio Lake Daeatur, eliminat-
ing need for transmission linas and. primping. Since all alternate
plans have a similar source, quality,, and method of delivery to the
point of treatment. Alternate 3 was selected, on the basis of initial
cost, as the most economical water plan for the purpose of evaluat-
ing the Corps of Engineers' project vrMch is included as a part of
Alternate 1 and Alternate 2.
The annual cost of Alternate 3 is $630,000 including mainte-
nance and operating costs.
The value of watar supply storage in the Corps of Engineers
proposed Oakley project is $357*000 per year.
However, if the Corps of Engineers provide storage capable of
supplying 26.2 mgd over the seven month critical period or 17,100
acre-feet of net storage (after evaporation and seepage losses),
this storage would be worth $630,000 per year.
The Decatur Sanitary District sewage treatment plant is the
only large plant releasing effluent downstream of the proposed
Oakley Dam. Siaee all runoff in the Sangaroon River, upstream from
this point, is needed for water supply during period of low flow,
-------
there will be no water available for low flow augmentation. There-
fore, no value may be assigned to storage in the Oakley Reservoir for
pollution abatement.
-25-
-------
SUMMARY
OAKLEY RESERVOIR
1. Decatur is the only municipality in the Oakley Reservoir area
which would have an economically justified need for this reser-
voir. Its needs are estimated at 38 mgd average yearly or ^5-5
mgd average over a critical seven month period of maximum con-
sumption and minimum runoff in the year 2010.
2. The Corps of Engineers' proposed Oakley project would provide
12.2 mgd which is sufficient water to supplement Decatur's
municipally-owned supply and rest its maximum demands until 19&5'
This project would have a value of $35T.«000 per year.
3. A larger water supply storage in the Corps of Engineers' project
at the Oakley site,, capable of supplying 26.2 mgd for the seven
month critical period, would provide sufficient water to supple-
ment Decatur's municipally-owned supply until 2010 and would
have a value of $630,000 per year.
k. There is no storage available for a pollution abatement benefit.
-26-
-------
TAYLORVILLE RESERVOIR
The proposed Taylorville dam and reservoir would be located
at mile 3-3 on Flat Branch of the South Fork of the Sangamon River.
The dam would consist of a rolled-earth structure, with a length of
6,300 feet and a maximum height of 55 feet. The top of the dam
would be at El. 619. The reservoir would have a total capacity of
109*000 acre-feet at the spillway crest (El. 605-0). A permanent
conservation-sediment pool of 15,900 acre-feet with a surface area
of 2,^00 acres would be provided for water supply and recreation,
with 7>200 acre-feet allocated to water supply, yielding four mgd
during an 18 month drought.
The municipalities within 25 miles of the dam, sonsidered by
the State Department of Public Health and the State Water Survey to
have possible water supply needs, as well as those which had express-
ed a desire for water from the Taylorville Reservoir, are listed be-
low with their populations.
Municipality 10.50 Census Population
Taylorville 9,188
Pana 6,178
Kincaid-Bulpitt 1,169
Jeiseyville 199
Tovey 593
Morrisonville 1,182
Stonington 1,120
Hokomis-Coalton 2,
Assumption
Moweaqua
Edinburg 921
Palmer 335
Based on the Information provided by the State agencies, the
remainder of the municipalities, within the 25 mile radius, are
-27-
-------
considered to have sufficient water for all foreseeable future needs.
Taylorville
Taylorville is located on the South Fork of the Sangamon River,
approximately one mile downstream of its confluence with Flat Branch,
and approximately three miles downstream from the proposed Taylorville
Dam.
Taylcrville is predominantly a trade center for the surrounding
agricultural area. Industrial activities include: processing soy-
beans and other agricultural and dairy products; poultry hatching and
packing; coal mining; railroad equipment maintenance; paper manufactur-
ing; and the manufacture of electrical tools, greeting cards, agricul-
tural implements and garment pressing equipment. Snploymert in the
coal mining industry is decreasing rapidly due to tbs closing of sev-
eral mines and mechanization of the remaining ones.
There is a large available labor force in the immediate area
to the south and west, created, in part, by unemployment ia the coal
industry. Transportation facilities include three railroads, and
three paved highways. The Wabash main line between St. Louis and
Chicago passes through Taylorville providing direct service to those
cities.
It is thought that a small, steadily increasing, industrial
growth of medium size firms (employing 100-300 persons) will take
place over the next 50 years.
The population has shown a continual growth, increasing from
5,1*46 in 1910 to 9,199 in 1950. Population growth is expected to
continue at a rate similar to past trends, reaching 16,000 in the
year 2010.
-28-
-------
Per capita water use in 1955 "^as 77 gpd from the city's system.
It is expected that per capita use., including domestic<, commercial
and small industrial users, will increase to 150 gpcd in 2010. Total
water use in 1955 wa~ 8l9,?000 gallons per day from the city system and
1-33 rogd by Allied Mills and Hopper Paper Co., self-supplied industries,
Total use, including self-supplied industries, is estimated at 5-6 mgd
in 2010. Th= twc self-supplied industries will probably be supplied
by Taylorville in t'he future.
Taylor?ille"s present source of supply consists of several
wells. Latest available information Indicates that, the ?O"ir wells in
use produced 4.5 mgd when drilled ir, 1953- Sisce t^&t time^ however,
production has "been decrsasiag steadily, d:u
-------
A surface water supply Is currently under development "by Taylor-
ville on the South Fork of the Sangamon River} upstream from its junc-
tion with Flat Branch. A "bond issue has been approved and about 70$
of the necessary land purchased or optioned. It is assumed that
development of this site will be completed. The initial reservoir will
have a storage of 1,810 mg or 5*5^-0 acre-feet and an area of 870 acres
at El. 585* The dam is designed so it car, be rais-sd 5 ^eet-i thereby
providing for a future increase ia storage to 3; 7^5 »€ or 11 ,,150 acre-
feet with aa area of 1,300 aares. The estimated yield from the initial
stage of development is 2.1 mgd. TMs will supply a^ejpate water un-
til 1980-85, when, an additional sca\r£s-5 capable of supplying 3-5 ingd
in 2010, will be necessary. This additional vatar cov.ld to obtained
from the proposed Corps of Engineers' 'fayler-rille He^arv^ir or by rais-
ing the city dam five feet. Raising the dam will yield an estimatad
6.3 mgd in 2010.
Net Yield or
Use in 2010
fsar of
lead
Initial Cost
(1958 dollars)
Alternate 1;
South Fork Res.
by City
Taylorville Res.
by Corps of Engrs.
2.1
present
1980
$1,770,000
Alternate 2;
South Fork Res.
by City
Raise South Fork
Res. 5. ft.
2.1
present
k.2 increase 1980
$1,770,000
1,090,000
?2,F60,ooo
-30-
-------
Both alternates are approximately equal as to quality, treat-
ment and distance from point of use.
The value of water supply storage in the Corps of Engineers'
Taylorville Reservoir capable of supplying 3-5 ^gd to the city of
Taylorville is $51,000 per year,, "based on the cost of Alternate 2.
Taylorville is the only large city discharging sewage below
the proposed Taylorville Dam. Tb.s eonstruriion of resefc-yoirs on both
Flat Branch and South Fork immediately upstream of their confluence
will reduce straamflcw to almost nctMng at tl:<.a oirtfall during drought
periods. Since there is 0.5 njgd available from the Taylorvllls Reser-
voir over and above Taylorville's projects! mt.ar ivieds^ tJaar© would
be a benefit of $1,500 par year for poLLutier; alats^eat if the 0.5 mgd
would be released for low flew augmentation.
Pana
Pana is located Ik miles southeast of tbe Taylorville Reser-
voir, in the extreme sorrier of Christian Gcnzrfcy. Its industries con-
sist of a small refinery operated "by a farmers' Cooperative Associa-
tion, the Sugar Creek and Equity Union CreaiaeT'ies^ s.«rj'<=;ral wholesale
florists, and the Peabody Coal Co. No large industrial growth is ex-
pected.
Population increased from 5,OJ7 in 1890 to 6,178 in 1950.
Future growth is anticipated to continue at a fairly uniform rate,
reaching 8,000 in 2010.
Industrial water use in 1955 averaged 709^00 gpd and domestic
use 791*000 gpd, for a total of 1.5 mgd. Domestic use on a per capita
basis was almost 130 gpd. The city's consulting engineers think this
-------
figure represents considerable leakage and could be reduced substan-
tially. Domestic use in the year 2010 is estimated at 150 gpcd or
1.2 mgd and industrial use at 1.0 mgd^ making a total water use of
2.2 mgd.
The present source of supply is a lake on Beck's Creek. The
gross capacity of this reservoir in 2010 is estimated at 2,^50 acre-
feet with a surface area of 2l8 aorss. However,, the watershed of only
8.it- square miles yields little runoff. T&e estimated minimum yield
from this reservoir occurs ever az> 18 mcrth drought period and is l.U
mgd in 2010. With an average demand of 2.2 mgd, an additional source
capable of yielding 0.8 mgd in 201.0 will be necessary. There are no
favorable surface water sites in tLe vicinity of Pana.
Ground water in the immediate vicinity of Paaa is rara, with
wells producing 10 gpin or less. A larga acjiifer, capable of producing
over 500 gpm per well, is located about Ik miles to the east of Pana
near the Kaskaskia River. It appears that this is tYxs ocJLy feasible
alternate to the Taylorville Reservoir.
The two sources capable of supplying 0.8 mgd, are:
1. Taylorville Reservoir
2. Ground water source located 1^4- miles east of Pana.
These two sources are located at equal distances from the city,
therefore transmission and pumping requirements are approximately
equal. The quality of ground water is such that treatment would con-
sist of chlorinatlon and possibly iron removal. Reservoir water
would require complete treatment. The city presently has a filter
plant for its surface supply} but its capacity is insufficient for
2010 demands.
-32-
-------
Initial and annual costs for the alternate sources of water
supply are:
Initial Cost Annual Cost
Taylorville Reservoir* $1,508,000 $101,000
Ground Water Supply $1,219,000 $ 86,500
*Cost of the water system less ijnpo::n.dffient in tlie S&ylorville Reservoir.
The cost of developing eitbsr source is approximately the same,
excluding the cost of impoundment in the Taylorvilla Reservoir.
Therefore, water supply storage in the Corps of Engineers' reservoir
is not economically justified for Pans.
Bulpitt, Tovey , and Jeiseyville are located within two miles
of Kincaid, which is located approximately 11 miles northeast of the
proposed Taylorville Dam. Bulpitt is served by Kizi/:aid. Tovey and
Jeiseyville do not have municipal supplies, brrt fcej- could "he served
by Kincaid.
The combined 1950 population of t?ae four t/r-v.Cuf; was .1, 961.
Bulpitt and Kincaid have had a slow, steady population growth over
the past 30 years. Tovey and Jeiseyville lost almost kOfy of their
population between 1930 and 1950, dropping from 1,263 to 792. Estimat
ed total population of the four towns in 2010 is 3,300. There is no
major industrial expansion expected, either by existing industries
or by new industry. However, a slow, steady industrial growth similar
to that experienced in the past is expected.
Present water use of Kineaid and Bulpitt is about 160,000 gpd
-33-
-------
or 80 gpcd. Total water use for the four towns in 2C10, based on a
per capita use of 150 gpd, is estimated at 500 ,,000 gpd.
The present supply for Kincaid-Bulpitt consists of an 89 mg re-
servoir on a tributary of the Sangamon River. This supply proved in-
adequate during the drought of 1953-5^• It is estimated that the re-
servoir will be completely filled with silt by 2010. Therefore, a
source capable cf supplying the entire 500,000 gpd will be necessary
by that time. This water could be supplied by one of the following
three reservoirs:
Taylorville Reservoir
Alternate 1: Reservoir on Clear Greek.
Alternate 2: Ground water from tee floodplaia along
the South Fork of the Sangamon River.
The two reservoirs are similar as to quality, therefore, treat-
ment costs would be similar. Taylorville Reservoir would require a-
bout ten miles more transmission line with resulting higher pumping
costs than Alternate 1.
Alternate 2 requires less transmission costs than the Taylor-
ville Reservoir but slightly more than Alternate 1. Treatment costs
will be considerably less for Alternate 2 than for either of the other
sources.
Initial and Annual Costs for Alternate Sources of Supply
Initial Cost Annual Cost
Taylorville Reservoir* $ 853,000 $ 61,000
Alternate 1 $2,550,000 $152,000
Alternate 2 $ 271,000 $ 31,000
*Includes all costs except direct cost of storage in the Corps of
Engineers' reservoir.
-------
The storage of water in the Corps of Engineers' Taylorville
Reservoir is not economically justified for Kineaid, Bulpitt, Tovey
and Jeiseyville.
Nokomis-Coalton
Nokomis serves Coalton, and both are located 17 miles south-
west of the Taylorville Reservoir.
The population of Nokomis i^reased "by c/rlj" 9'"' persons between
1930 and 1950 to a total of 2,5^4. Coalton !),as decreased steadily from
6ll in 1930 to 402 in 1950. Major activities in the area are coal
mining and agriculture. Past industrial growth has been slow and no
extensive development is anticipated. The 2010 population of Nokomis-
Coalton is estimated at 3,«400 people.
Present city water use averages 122;000 gpd or -'45 gallons per
person. Per capita use in 2010 is estimated at 152 gpd, making a
total use of 510,000 gpd.
The present source of supply consists of six wells with a
maximum production of 5^0 gpm or 778?000 gpd. Total \ise, from the
ground water source, by self-supplied users and the city is presently
between two and three million gallons per day. This withdrawal has
not decreased well yields to any noticeable extent. It is believe-
ed that Nokomis-Coalton will have sufficient water through 2010 and
will not benefit from storage in the Taylorville Reservoir.
Assumption
Assumption is located approximately 13 miles east of the
Taylorville Dam. The town is predominantly rural in character and
possesses little industry. Future development of large industries
is improbable. The population decreased from 1,918 in 1910 to 1,
-35-
-------
in 1950. Estimates indicate a slight increase to 1?600 in 1959- The
population is expected to reach 1,800 in the year 2010.
Per capita use is 72 gpd at the present time and is expected
to increase to 100 gpd by 2010, making a total demand in that year
of 180,000 gpd.
The present source of supply consists of four dug wells and
two driven wells. The water is hard and is treated by aeration, sedi-
mentation, filtration^ softening, chlorination and fluoridation. Pro-
duction from all wells is 216,,000 gpd. This is sufficient to meet all
estimated future demands unless production decreases. In that event,
there are other ground water areas wittin two or three miles of the
town. Production, in tbe general area, is between 2C and 100 gpm per
well. It appears fairly certain that the present source ean be aug-
mented by new wells at a more economical cost thar* obtaining water
from the Taylorville Reservoir.
It is believed that Assumption will not ceed storage in the
Taylorville Reservoir.
Moweaqua
Moweaqua, located 13 miles northeast of the Taylorville Dam,
is primarily a trading center for the surrounding area. No extensive
industrial development is expected. The 1950 population was lVf5«
The population has been fairly stable since 1900, varying slightly
above and below 1,500. Estimated 201.0 population is 1,600.
Water use in 1956 was 0.1 mgd, with a per capita use of 65 gpd.
Per capita use is expected to increase to 100 gpd, producing an es-
timated water use of 160,000 gpd in 2010.
-36-
-------
Water is presently secured, from three wells located two miles
north of the city. Production is 150 gpm or £16,000 gpd, which will
be sufficient through 2010. In addition to these wells, the city has
six old wells which will produce in excess of l4U,000 gpd, and more
water is available in the area of the present wells.
It is believed that Moweaqua will have sufficient water for
2010 without storage in the Taylorville Reservoir.
Morrisonville
Morrisonvilla is located 14 miles southwest of the Taylorville
Dam. It has no large industry but serves as a center for the surround-
ing agricultural area. Past- trends indicate that, it has reached a
population equilibrium. Bse 1950 pc^nlatiofl was I^l8g and the 2010
population is estimated at ls^00.
Water use is presently 50,000 gpd with a per capita use of a-
bout 45 gpd. Aa estimated per capita use of 100 gpd ±n 2010 will pro-
duce a total demand, in that year of l'4-0PvO<" gpd.
The present source of supply co/isiat?- c.? ti*? drift veils,
located 50 feet from the bank of 'Sear Crs^-k, vhi?>, produce a total
of 300 gpm or ^32,000 gpd. A spring well, producing l4k,000 gpd, is
used as an emergency source.
Morrisonville will not need water from the Taylorville Reser-
voir as its present sources should be adequate through the year 2010.
Palmer
Palmer is located approximately 11 miles southeast of the
Taylorville Dam. It is primarily a rural community with a 1950 popu-
lation of 335- Estimated 2C10 population for this commuaity is
-37-
-------
approximately 800 people. At present there is no municipal water
supply. Assuming the construction of such a system, a per capita use
of 100 gpd or a total use of 80,000 gpd would be eaepeeted in 2010.
Water could most economically be obtained by going three miles to
Morrisonville. Morrisonville's present supply is capable of supply-
ing both municipalities through 2010.
It is not economically justified for Palmer to obtain water
from the Taylorville Reservoir.
Stonington
Stonington is a rural rsomrujiity located six miles northeast of
the Taylorville Reservoir. The population lias ts«A fairly constant at
about 1,100 since 1920. The 1950 population was 1,120. Only a small
increase is considered probable, and the 2D10 popxtlation is estimated
at 1,1*00.
Average water use in 1959 was 100,000 gpd whisk is about 85
gpcd. Total water use in 2010 is estimate! at lV?_,00~' gpd, based on
a per capita consumption, of 100 gpd.
The present source,, consisting of sever. v«.?.l,s,, is capable of
producing over 300,000 gpd. Six of the wells now produce 288,000 gpd,
and improvements to the pumping equipment could increase this to
525>000 gpd. The seventh well was drilled in 1959 and production
figures are unavailable. However, based on the other six wells, it
should produce a minimum of 30 gpm. The present well supply is capa-
ble of yielding 570,000 gpd which will be more than ample for antici-
pated uses. Therefore, Stonington will not need water supply storage
in Taylorville Reservoir.
-38-
-------
Edinburg
Edinburg is located 10 miles northwest of the Taylorville Da».
There is no large industry and no large future development is forseen.
The population has been fairly constant at about 9^0 since 1910. The
1950 population was 921 and the estimated 2010 population is 1,000.
Per capita use is presently about ^5 gpd. Total average use is
kl,kQO gpd. An increase in per capita use to 100 gp
-------
SUMMARY
TAYLORVILLB RESERVOIR
Taylorville will need an additional 3.5 mgd "by 2010. The annual
value of storage in the Taylorville Reservoir is $51*000.
Pana will have a need for 0.8 mgd. This need Bay be met Bore
economically from groiind water sources t>ian from the Taylorville
Reservoir.
The towns of Kincaid, Bulpitt, Covey and Jaiseyville will have
water demands of 0.5 ffigd by 201C which may be met more economically
from ground water sources than from the Taylorville Reservoir.
The towns of Assumption, Moweaqua,, Morrisonvilla,, Stonington,
Edinburg and Nokomis-Coalton presently !mve sources of water supply
which are believed adequate to meet fr.^ir needs through 2010.
Pal»er, which has no municipal system^ could obtain water most
economically from Morrisonville.
A value of $1^500 per year would be obtained by releasing the 0.5
mgd, not required for future water supply needs, for dilution of
the effluent from Taylorville's sewage treatment plant. This is
the only pollution abatement benefit derived from the reservoir.
-hO-
-------
MACKINAW DELLS RESERVOIR
The proposed Mackinaw Dells Reservoir is located approximately
l6 miles northwest of KLoomington at the confluence of the Mackinaw
River and Panther Creek. Areas west and southwest of the reservoir
site include those municipalities which could be supplied by the
Illinois River or a rich groundwater belt. Groundwater in this area
can be obtained in excess of 5@0 gpm per well. Aquifers in the re-
maining area, within 25 miles of the reservoir, can be expected to
produce between 100 and 500 gpm per well.
Ma,jor surface water sources in the Mackinaw area include the
Illinois, Mackinaw and Kappa Rivers. Panther, Money and Sugar Creeks
are also important surface vater sources.
Municipalities in the Mackinaw Dells area are generally small
farm communities with populations under 1,000. Several cities, located
on the Illinois River west of Mackinaw, have populations from twelve
to twenty-five thousand. The smaller towns are capable of meeting
their water supply needs from nearby groundwater sources because they
contain very little if any industry. It is believed that towns with
a population less than 1,000 would not transport and treat surface
water when sufficient groundwater is available.
There are no large municipalities discharging sewage below
the reservoir, therefore, water storage in the Mackinaw Dells Reservoir
for low flow augmentation would not be needed for pollution abatement.
Records of the two State Agencies concerning present and future
domestic and industrial water requirements, and the water availability
in the area around Mackinaw Dells, indicate that only water supply
-------
needs of Bloomington, Normal, Eureka and Towanda need be considered
further.
Eureka
The city is a farm community of 2,^00 people located on Highway
2k, six miles northwest of the reservoir site. Eureka College and
Libby McHeill and Libby Canning Company are located here. Eureka
gets its water from a 100 million gallon artificial lake and five wells
capable of supplying 1.7 Jng<3.« The city's present water use is ^00,000
gpd in ths summer months and 175;OCO gpd in the winter months. Libby
McHeill and Libby, which operates only in the summer,, is the city's
largest water user.
The expected popialation of Eureka in 2010 is k}kQQ, and water
use for that year is estimated to be 150 gpcd. Based on these values,
Eureka is expected to need 0.66 mgd in fifty years. The present water
supply facilities of the city will furnish 2.2 mgd in the year 2010.
Considering present supply and future needs, Eureka is not ex-
pected to have a need for water from this reservoir during the period
considered.
Bloomington
KLoomington is an agricultural center of Illinois, and at the
present time about a. dozen industries are located there. The major
industrial concerns are insurance, electric power, railroad, feed,
dairy and hospital. The Illinois Agricultural Association, which
employs 1,000 people, plans to move from Chicago to Bloomington in
the near future.
The total industrial water use is now 630 million gallons per
year. Existing industries will increase this use to about 1,100
-------
Billion gallons per year by the year 2010. New industry is expected
to increase this demand by another 9^5 million gallons per year. Do-
mestic pumpage is expected to increase from 1,500 million gallons per
year to 2,700 million gallons per year. The total water demand of
ELoomington, in the year 2010, will be lt-7^5 million gallons per year
or 13 mgd.
The estjuaated population of the city in 2010 is 53,000. The
total future water demand of 13 mgd will give a use of 250 gpcd.
ELoomington now receives water from Lake ELoomington, which
has recently been raised six feet, and will provide 12.5 Higd in the
year 2010, excluding sedimentation.
Normal
Normal is located on the northern edge of Bloomington. The
Illinois Soldiers and Sailors Ghildrens School and the Illinois State
Normal University are located there.
Nomal has a population of 11,528 and a water demand of 805^000
gallons per day. The average use is 70 gallons per capita per day.
The city now obtains water from seven drilled wells which have
a combined capacity of 2,360 gpm or 3 A mgd. The estimated 2010
population and water use are 27,000 and 150 gpcd respectively. In
50 years Normal will require a water supply of U.I mgd.
It is believed that Normal will abandon its wells and obtain
water from ELoomington in the future.
Towanda
The village is located five miles northeast of Normal on
Highway 66. Towanda has a population of UOO and this is expected to
increase to 1,000 by 2010. Village water use is expected to increase
-------
from the present 21,500 gpd, to 150,000 gpd in the year 2010. Water
is supplied to Towanda by Bloomington.
Alternate Sourge_s_
Assuming that Normal will obtain water from Bloomington in the
future, the total demand of Bloosiington, Normal, and Towanda would
be 18.1 mgd in the year 2010. The present water supply of the area
(Lake Bloomington) ±& expe'jtc.l t.'< yield 12-5 »gd in fifty years.
This would require that, $.6 mgd be obtained from a source other than
Lake Bloomington.
Mackinaw Dells Reservoir
This Corps Project would he capable of supplying 50 mgd to the
BloomingtoE area. A pipe line to transport 5-6 mgd water from
Mackinaw Dells to the treatment plant at Lake Bloomington would have
an annual eost of $185,000, including pumpage. The municipalities
would also be expected to pay their proportionate share of the reser-
voir cost.
Alternate 1
An alternate reservoir could be constructed on Six Mile Creek
which would supply an additional 2.2 mgd at an estimated annual cost
of $10^,000. The annual cost of transportation and pumpage from this
reservoir to the treatment plant at Lake Bloomington would be $51,000.
For utilization of this reservoir a total annual eost of $155,000
would be incurred.
Alternate 2
A reservoir could be built at this same site, on Six Mile
Creek, which would supply k.k mgd at an estimated annual cost of
-------
$132,000. Transportation and pumpage cost to Lake Bloomington in
this case would be $51,000 per year. A total annual cost of $183,000
would "be required for the use of this alternate reservoir.
Alternate 3
As a supplement to the alternates on Six Mile Creek an addition-
al, low channel dam could "be constructed on the Mackinaw River. This
project would supply 1-7 '&£>^ at uj. aaam.1 cost of $15,000 plus the
additional cost of lifting this water to t?ae treatment plant.
All yield figures given in the alternates above are those
figures expected in 50 years.
A combination of the low channel dam on the Mackinaw River and
the larger alternate on Six Mile Creek would supp3.y 6.1 mgd at a total
annual cost of $198,000. The combination of these alternates would
be attractive in that a long range plan could be adopted by which
construction is done as a water supply need arises, thereby reducing
interest and operation charges.
As the cost of storage and transportation from an alternate
source would be only $13,000 mora than the cost cf transportation
only from the proposed Mackinaw Dells project, there would be no
practical water supply benefit from the Mackinaw Dells project.
-1*5-
-------
SUMMARY
MACKIKAtf DELLS RESERVOIR
1. Eureka has no need for water storage in this reservoir.
2. In 50 years Bloonington, Normal and Towanda will need 5.6 ugd in
excess of the amount supplied by Lake Bloonington.
3« This 5,6 ngd could be secured from the Mackinaw Dells Reservoir.
The annual cost of transporting this water to the point of use
would be $185,000.
k. The Most economical alternate source of water supply which will
furnish 5.6 mgd has an annual cost of $198,000.
5. The cost of transporting water to ELoomington from the Mackinaw
Dells Reservoir would be about the same as the cost of securing
it from an alternate source. The reservoir water has no practical
value for Bloomington, Normal and Towanda.
6. There is no economical justification for municipal and industrial
water supply storage in the Mackinaw Dells Reservoir.
7« Water storage in the Mackinaw Dells Reservoir for low flow augmenta-
tion would not be needed for pollution abatement.
-46-
-------
JUBILEE RESERVOIR
The most feasible site for a dam on Kickapoo Creek (Peoria
County) is immediately downstream from Jubilee College State Park at
mile 21.5- The Corps of Engineers concluded from its investigation
that construction of a dam and reservoir at this site should not be
included in the comprehensive plan for flood control and allied uses
in the Illinois River Basin at this time. The Corps of Engineers
requested the Public Health Service to investigate the justification
of this reservoir based on water supply needs.
All municipalities within the influence of Jubilee Reservoir,
including Peoria, use ground water.
Peoria recently constructed a supplemental water treatment
plant to treat water from the Illinois River. The State agencies
consider the quality of Illinois River water at Peoria to be satis-
factory for municipal and industrial use at the present time. The
flow in the Illinois River is more than adequate for any anticipated
future needs in the Peoria area.
Water supply needs were checked with the Illinois Department
of Public Health and the Illinois State Water Survey. From the in-
formation they furnished, it was determined that ground water supplies
are adequate for all present and future needs except in the Peoria
area where the Illinois River is available.
It is concluded from this investigation that there is no present
or future need for municipal and industrial water supply from the
Jubilee Reservoir> provided the Illinois River continues to be an
acceptable water supply source.
-47-
-------
There are no municipalities discharging sewage below the reser-
voir. Water storage in the Jubilee Reservoir for low flow augmentation
would, not be needed for pollution abatement.
-48-
-------
LONDON MILLS RESERVOIR
The proposed dam and reservoir on Spoon River is located at
mile 67-0 upstream from London Mills, Illinois. The dam would consist
of a rolled-earth structure and a gravity concrete section with spill-
way controlled by tainter gates, with a maximum height and length of
86 and 3,700 feet, respectively. The reservoir capacity at pool eleva-
tion (585) is i)-87,000 acre-feet. A permanent conservation-sedimentation
pool of 5^,000 acre-feet with a surface area of 5,550 acres and an
average depth of 9-7 feet would be provided for water supply and re-
creational purposes.
The largest cities within 25 miles of the dam and their re-
spective populations are Galesburg (31,2^5); Canton (11,927); Monmouth
(10,193); Bushnell (3,317); Abington (3,300); Farmington (2,651);
Lewistown (2,630); Knoxville (2,209); Cuba (1,482), and Roseville
(1,080).
Avon and Cantoa are the only municipalities in the area that
use surface water for its supply. Other municipalities use well
water, including Galesburg which has recently developed a well field
in the Mississippi River bottoms.
The water supply needs of the above municipalities and all
smaller communities within a 25 mile radius of the dam were reviewed
with the State Department of Public Health and the State Water Sur-
vey. Based on information furnished by these two agencies, it is
believed that there are no present or future water supply needs for
water from the London Mills Reservoir.
•49-
-------
There are no municipalities discharging sewage below the reser-
voir. Water storage in the London Mills Reservoir for low flow augmenta-
tion would not be needed for pollution abatement.
-50-
-------
KEMTf RESERVOIR
The proposed dam and reservoir on Salt Creek is located at mile
63.1 near Kenny, Illinois. The dam will be a rolled-earth structure
with an ungated, chute spillway, with a maximum height and length of
90 and 3,800 feet, respectively. The reservoir would have a capacity
at normal pool elevation (687) of 201,000 acre-feet. A permanent
conservation-sedimentation pool of 3*S200 acre-feet, with a surface
area of 2,750 acres, would be provided for water supply and recreation
purposes.
The Kenny Reservoir would be located between the proposed
Mackinaw Dells and Oakley Reservoirs. Communities within 25 miles of
the Kenney dam but closer to one of the other dams were not considered
as possible users of Kenney Reservoir water. The largest of the
municipalities considered and their respective populations are:
Lincoln (1^,362); Clinton (5,9^5); Le Roy (1,820); Farmer City (1,752);
Mt. Pulaski (1,527), and Heyworth (l,072).
Most of the Kenny area lies over the pre-glacial Mahomet Valley
which contains one of the most important water producing aquifers in
Illinois. The remaining area has access to other good aquifers. Wells
are used for all municipal water supplies in the area.
Water supply needs in the Kenney Reservoir area were checked
with the Illinois Department of Public Health and the Illinois State
Water Survey. From information furnished by these agencies it was
determined that all present and future water supply needs could be
satisfied by existing facilities or be developed locally from the
excellent aquifers available.
-51-
-------
There is no municipal or industrial water supply need from this
reservoir.
Lincoln is the only major city which discharges sewage below the
reservoir. Water storage in the Kenney Reservoir for low flow augmenta-
tion would not be needed for pollution abatement.
-52-
-------
SUMMARY
ILLINOIS RIVER BASIN RESERVOIRS
A number of conclusions were evolved for each proposed reser-
voir. In this summation, no attempt will be made to repeat anything
more than the most highly significant facts that bear directly upon
the conclusions.
St. Mary Reservoir
1. Comprehensive studies were conducted on four municipalities:
Macomb, Carthage, ELandinsville, and La Harpe. Only Macomb evi-
dences any economic justification on the basis of water supply
storage of 615 million gallons with an annual value of $H6,900.
The remaining municipalities present no economic Justification.
2. None of the foregoing cities need low flow augmentation water
storage for pollution abatement.
Oakley Reservoir
1. Decatur, with yearly average demands of 38 mgd, or a ^5«5 mgd
average over a critical, seven month period of maximum use and
minimum runoff, is the only municipality that needs water for
future demands projected to the year 2010.
2. The proposed Oakley Reservoir project would provide sufficient
water, along with Decatur's municipally owned system, to meet
peak demands until 1985- This project would have an annual value
of $357>000. A project, at the Oakley Reservoir site, capable
of supplying 26.2 mgd for the seven month critical period -would
furnish enough water, in conjunction with the municipally owned
supply, until the year 2010. The annual value would total
$630,000.
3. There is no water available for pollution abatement benefits as
all will be needed for water supply purposes.
Taylorville Reservoir
1. The only municipality presenting economic justification is
Taylorville, which by 2010 will require an additional water supply
of 3-5
2. The annual value for a 3-5 nigd supply from the Taylorville project
-53-
-------
. would "be $51,000.
3. Annual value for pollution abatement would be $1,500.
Mackinaw Dells, Jubilee, London Mills, and Kenney Reservoirs
1. These reservoirs show no. economic justification for water supply
storage.
2. The projects are not required for pollution abatement purposes.
-------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study would not have been possible without the assistance
of many organizations and agencies who gave counsel and technical ad-
vice and made their files, publications, and records available. In-
formation and data were also secured from many of their publications.
Specific acknowledgement is made of the valuable assistance and
cooperation offered by the following organizations:
Association of Commerce, Decatur, Illinois
Association of Commerce and Industry, Taylorville, Illinois
City Planning Commission, Decatur, Illinois
City Water Department, Decatur, Illinois
Federal Reserve Bank, Chicago, Illinois
Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois
Illinois State Chamber of Commerce, Chicago, Illinois
Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, Illinois
U. S. Bureau of Census
U. S. Corps of Engineers
U. S. Geological Survey
Warren & Van Praag, Inc., Decatur, Illinois
-55-
------- |