5257
800R76102
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WATER PLANNING DIVISION
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
THIRD EDITION
OCTOBER, 1976
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUBJECT: Bibliography for Water Quality Management DATE: 28 C_' iS7b
FROM: x^Mark A. Pisaffo,, Director
X Water Planning Bjvision
TO-. All Regional' Water Division Directors Information Memorandum: INFO- 25
The Bibliography is prepared by EPA to assist those agencies engaged in
water quality management planning. This third edition has been
restructured for easier use by reducing the number of headings. As
before, references cited have been selected for their applicability to
208 planning and for their availability.
Each reference is followed by a short abstract, and whenever possible,
by detailed price and ordering information. Instructions for using the
Government Printing Office and the National Technical Information
Service are included on the last page.
>• Questions, comments, or suggestions regarding this edition should be
; addressed to the "208 Library", Program Management Branch, Water
<-, Planning Division (WH-554), U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 20460, telephone
::> (202)755-6993.
v^
cc: All Local and State WQM Agencies
All Intra-agency Staff Contacts
E. Chris Beck
Andrew W. Breidenbach
Jim Meek
Bob Hardaker
Joe Krivak
EPA Form 1320-6 (Rev. 6-72)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Handouts: General Information for the Public 1
II. Studies: Non-technical Analyses of 208 Program Elements 3
III. 208 Planning Process: Guidance/Regulations on Plan Preparation 6
IV. Public Participation: Guidance and Studies 9
V. 208 Plan Implementation 12
VI. Legal/Institutional Program Elements 13
VII. Point Sources 15
VIII. Non-Point Management 18
A. General
B. Residual Waste Management
C. Urban Stormwater Management
D. Agricultural Source Management
E. Silvacultural Source Management
F. Mining Source Management
G. Construction Source Management
H. Hydrographic Modification Management
I. Groundwater Pollution Management
IX. Environmental Assessment 29
X. Bibliographies 32
XI. List of Selected 208 Outputs 35
Instructions for Ordering Publications 36
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I. General Information for the Public - Handouts
First Things First; A Strategy Against Water Pollution. U.S. EPA.
Wash. D.C. Sept '74. GPO (stock no. 551-507) or single copies avail-
able from U.S. EPA Office of Public Affairs (A-107) Wash. D.C. 20460.
A 16 page booklet explaining the major elements of the strategy
used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the States
in their attack on water pollution, the problems faced and what
is being done about them. Suitable for public information.
Environmental Comment, January '76, available from the Urban Land
Institute, 1200 18th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, $.50.
Contains eight articles offering varying perspectives on the Area-
wide Waste Treatment Management Program, hanging from that of a
Congressional staff member, to that of the local planner. Provides
an excellant introduction to the program, its goals and its methods.
Suitable for public information.
Common Environmental Terms; A Glossary, compiled by Gloria J. Studdard,
U.S. EPA, Nov. 1974, available from EPA Office of Public Affairs, Wash.
D.C. 20460
Glossary of common words and terms essential to the study, under-
standing and solution of environmental problems. 23 pages, 250
entries.
"Non-point pollution: An EPA view of areawide water quality management,"
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Mark Pisano, May-June, 1976.
Available from:Water Quality Management Information Center, Wash. D.C.
20460.
Provides an introduction to the concept of non-point pollution by
describing its characteristics and discussing its importance rela-
tive to point pollution. Considers the mechanisms with which Sec-
tion 208 will deal with non-point pollution. Written in lay terms.
6 pages.
"Spend the next two minutes reading this leaflet and you won't have to
spend the next few years wondering what happened to raise your taxes."
U.S. EPA. November 1976, Available from EPA Office of Public Affairs.
A brief, non-technical flyer aimed at motivating citizens to take
part in making decisions about how to clean up the water. Emphasizes
the effects 'which water clean-up might have on citizen life-styles,
and the need for the public to get involved in the decision-making
process to insure that all viewpoints are heard.
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Sanitary Landfill Facts, Thomas Sarg and H. Lanier Hickman, Jr., 1970.
Wash. D.Cl20402, Available from GPO, Wash. D.C. $1.00. GPO 1714-00010
Provides general information on the planning, design, operation,
and public health aspects of sanitary landfill. Diagrams area,
trench, and ramp methods. 30 pages.
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II. General Information Studies For The Public
Federalism and Clean Watersf The 1972 Water Pollution Control Act. Harvey
Lieber.D. C. Heath and Company. 1975^Available from Lexington Books/
125 Spring Street/Lexington, Massachusetts 02173. $18.50.
Uses the concept of federalism as a framework in which to examine
the Water Pollution Control Act and study its inter-governmental
implications. Examines the legislative background and history of
the Act. Deals with implementation and draws conclusions con-
cerning federal-state and executive-legislative relations. Eval-
uation of 5 state programs geared toward answering the questions:
Was the assumption of greater federal responsibility justified by
state inaction, and will the new legislation achieve the desired
ends? 304 pages.
Towards Cleaner Water: A Citizen's Guide To Action, The Conservation
Foundation, Fall, 1976. Copies are available from The Conservation
Foundation/1717 Massachusetts Ave. N.W./ Washington, D.C. 20036.
$7.00, Bulk rates available.
Examines the FWPCA through regulations, guidance, and court deci-
sions. Focuses on the key points at which decisions are made and
provides guidance to citizen leaders on means of assuring the most
environmentally sound implementation of this law. Examines legis-
lative proposals that will affect implementation of the law.
Design with Nature. Ian McHarg. Garden City: Natural History Press,
1969. Published for the American Museum of Natural History. The City,
NY 11530. P.C. $8.50.
Demonstrates by using concrete examples how man's new knowledge of
ecology can be applied to actual environments, both natural ones
such as seashores, lakes, rivers, and swamps and those that man
has created such as large cities. Emphasis is placed on the con-
cept of design with nature and showing how man can impose design
but "use to the fullest, the potentialities and with them, neces-
sarily, the restrictive conditions - that nature offers."
Urban Land Use Planning. F. Stuart Chapin, Jr. Urbana, Illinois:
University of Illinois Press, '65. P.C. $10.00.
Focuses primarily on theory and methods with special attention given
to the techniques required in making analysis of land use, in meas-
uring trends, and in estimating present and future requirements for
uses of land. Aspects concerned with the legal basis of planning,
its legislative controls and its administrative organization are
specifically excluded from detailed treatment.
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Promoting Environmental Quality Through Urban Planning and Controls.
Report No. 600/5-73-015. U.S. EPA. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
Series, Feb '74. NTIS PB-227-090/8. $11.50.
Focuses on the changing awareness and current practices in promoting
environmental quality through urban planning and controls in local
and metropolitan planning agencies. Includes a review of planning
practices in the 1960's related to environmental quality, and a de-
tailed examination of numerous planning approaches and controls con-
sidered to be promising for future environmental quality enhancement.
Stream Quality Preservation Through Planned Urban Development. U.S. EPA
Report No. EPA R5-73-019. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies Series,
Wash. D.C. May '73. GPO, $2.60. NTIS PB 222-177.
The effects of a land use plan to restrict urban development in areas
critical to the water resource system are identified through empirical
studies. For example: relationships are established between amount,
density, type and location of urban development, on the one hand, and
stream water quality and stream channel enlargement on the other.
The Quiet Revolution in Land Use Control. U.S. Council on Environmental
Quality.Fred Bosselman and David Callies. Wash. D.C. GPO, stock no.
4111-0006, $2.75.
A report on the innovative land use laws of several States. The
report examines in detail several different Statewide regulatory
systems, several systems where "critical areas" only are regulated
and several systems focusing on key types of land development. The
examinations are based primarily on a review of the key statutes,
regulations and decisions and on interviews with administering
officials and other groups. Key issues that run through all systems
are synthesized.
"Coordination of Environment and Development: Three Case Studies from
Abroad." Environmental Comment, March '76, available from the Urban Land
Institute, 1200 18th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. $.50/copy.
Reports and analysis of the planning and implementation methodologies
used by regional planning organizations in France, Germany, and Aus-
tralia.
Private Property and the Public Interest; The Brandywine Experience. Anne
L. Strong, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. 21218, 1975,
$12.00
Documentary case study analyzes why a water shed program failed to
receive public and political support; shows how accepted methods of
participation were thwarted by a persistent interest group. 206
pages, illustrated.
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Ndtional Profile of Section 208 Areawide Management Planning Agencies.
U.S. EPA. July, 1975. Available from EPA Regional offices.
A general compilation of information on 208 agencies and their
activities including these topics: agency profiles, environmental
aspects, land use aspects, management/institutional aspects, public
participation, budget, timing and financial problems, designation
and grant application, coordination, and evaluation and guidance.
69 pages.
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III. 208 Planning Process: Guidance/Regulations on Plan Preparation
Revised Grant Application and Work Plan Handbook for Section 208 Areawide
Water Quality Management, U.S. EPA, December '75. Availiable upon
request from EPA Regional Offices
Provides details on the preparation of areawide planning work-
plans, and examples of workplan elements to assist locally desig-
nated planning agencies in preparing 208 workplans. Divided into
three parts: Grant Application Requirements, Outline of Workplan,
and Refinement of Workplan. 53 pages.
Draft Guidelines for State and Areawide WQM Program Development, U.S. EPA,
February '76, Available upon request from EPA Regional Offices.
Intended to assist WQM planning agencies in carrying out their water
quality management responsibliities within designated and nondesig-
nated areas. It applies also to other agencies - local, State, and
Federal—that may be involved in the planning process for those areas
or in the plan review procedures.
Guidelines for Areawide Waste Treatment Management, U.S. EPA, August '75,
Available upon request from the EPA Regional Offices
Intended to assist 208 planning agencies in carrying out their area-
wide waste treatment management planning responsibilities within
designated areas. It applies to other agencies - local, State, and
Federal — that may be involved in the planning process for those
areas or in the plan review procedures.
Federal Register;
"Part 130 - Policies and Procedures for the State Continuing Planning Process",
Vol. 40 No. 230, November 28, 1975.
These regulations describe the necessary elements of a State's continuing
planning process, and therefore provides policies and procedures for
review, revisions and approval of a State's continuing planning process.
Also provided is a mechanism for satisfaction of the Statewide respon-
sibilities of other sections of the Act.
"Part 131 - Preparation of State Water Quality Management Plans", Vol. 40
No. 230, November 28, 1975.
These amended regulations describe the requirements for preparation of
water quality management plans and the procedures governing plan
adoption, submission, revision, and EPA approval.
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Federal Reg ister (con't)
"Part 35 - Procedures for Providing Grants to State and Designated Areawide
Planning Agencies". Vol. 40 No. 230. November 28, 1975.
These regulations concern the allocation of funds, requirements for
a financially self-sustaining planning process, and establishment
of a state management role in areawide planning.
Federal Register, Vol. 40 No. 230, November 28, 1976 supercedes
the following:
"Policies and Procedures for the State Continuing Process".
(40 CFR Part 130). Federal Register, Vol. 40, No. 137, July
16, 1975.
"Preparation of State Water Quality Management Plans (Proposed
Rules)". 40 CFR Part 131). Federal Register, Vol. 40, No. 137,
July 16, 1975.
"Preparation of Water Quality Management Plans". (40 CFR Part 131)
Federal Register, Vol. 39, No. 107, June 3, 1974.
State Continuing Planning Process Handbook. U.S. EPA, December, 1975. Avail-
able from EPA Regional Offices.
Assists in the states' revision of the Continuing Planning Process. Pro-
vides an explanation of the revised regulations, summarizes the require-
ments and gives an example of a hypothetical state submission for each
of the sixteen parts of the CPP. 81 pages.
Revised Area and Agency Designation Handbook for Section 208 Areawide Water
Quality Management Planning. U.S. EPA, November 1975. Available from
EPA Regional Offices.
Discusses the procedure and criteria for designation of eligible areas
and agencies to conduct 208 areawide planning. The factors it explicates
include population, industrial activity, water quality factors, local
government intent, and public participation. 30 pages.
Guidance for Facilities Planning. U.S. EPA, Wash. D.C., May 1975. Avail-
able upon request from EPA Regional Offices.
Assists 208 agencies in the preparation of grant applications and the
refinement of work plans, and aids states in their review of areawide
grant applications. Divided into three parts—grant application require-
ments, outline of work plan, and refinement of work plan. 53 pages.
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Cost Analysis Handbook for Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Management
Planning Federal Assistance Applications. U.S. EPA, May 1975, Available
from EPA Regional Offices.
Describes the review process required to assess the grantee's systems
for financial management and accounting, and his/her planned system
for contracting for services, required in support of completing the
planning grant. 51 pages.
Interim Output Evaluation Handbook for Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment
Management Planning. U.S. EPA, Wash. D.C., 1975, Available upon request
fromEPA Regional Offices.
Deals with interim outputs expected within the first 9 months of the
two-year WQM areawide waste treatment management planning program,
namely: service area delineation, population and land use projections,
flow and waste load projections, and waste load allocation revisions.
Simplified Mathematical Modeling of Water Quality, (with addendum). U.S.
EPA,"Wash. D.C. March '71. Available from: Program Assistance Branch,
(WH-554) U.S. EPA, Wash. D.C. 20460.
A general, simplified methodology for the application of mathematical
models to the analysis of water quality. The parameters modeled
include certain dissolved oxygen in streams and estuaries. The
modeling efforts have been incorporated into various tables, nomo-
graphs and figures, and along with some technical data, may be used
to estimate treatment levels to meet specific water quality standards.
Information regarding the applicability and availability of other specific
water quality models is available from: Harry Torno, Office of Research
and Development (RD 682) U.S. EPA Wash. D.C. 20460. 202-426-0810.
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IV. Public Participation: Guidance and Studies
Public Participation Handbook for Water Quality Management. U.S. EPA.
June 1976,Available from EPA Regional Offices.
Explains the 1972 Water Pollution Control Act Amendments which per-
tain to public participation, identifies phases of the planning pro-
cess, and discusses state level public participation. Half of the book-
let is a "model program design" which details methods for obtaining
citizen input. 77 pages.
Public Involvment in the Corps of Engineers Planning Process. James R.
Hanchey. U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources. NTIS AD
A017 946.
The approach to public involvement program development here assumes
that planning should consist of sequential stages with definable
decision points, and that explicit consideration of public view-
points must be undertaken before decisions are made. Contains spe-
cific "how to" information on obtaining citizen input, disseminating
information, budgeting for public involvement and evaluating its
effectiveness. 44 pages.
Citizen Involvement in OCPC 208 Planning - A Progress Report. Old Colony
Planning Council, April 1976^Available from:OCPC, 232 Main Street/
Brockton, Mass. 02401 or the Water Quality Management Information Center.
This detailed progress report discusses the OCPC public participation
program to date. Fifteen mechanisms used by OCPC to get the public
involved are explained including citizen committees, discussions
with town/city officials, technical assistance to town governments,
involvement of local schools, visits to problem areas with local
citizens and others. Obstacles to 208 public participation, signifi-
cant local issues and areawide problems as well as staff response to
them are analyzed. Finally, the OCPC 208 public participation pro-
gram is evaluated against its stated objectives.
Public Participation in Water Resources Planning; An Evaluation of the
Programs of 15 Corps of Engineers Districts, James F. Ragan, U.S. Army
Engineer Institute for Water Resources, Kingman Building, Fort Belvoir,
Virginia 22060 (NTIS AD A019 966).
This report examines the public involvement programs of fifteen Army
Corps of Engineers field offices. First, the programs are described,
and two are used as detailed case studies. The bulk of the report
divides planning into five basic stages, gives guidance as to what
could be done to involve the public at each stage, and finally des-
cribes what is being done by the Corps. An interesting last chapter
describes the constraints on effective public participation both from
the bureaucratic system, and from citizens themselves.
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Analysis of New Techniques for Public Involvement in Water Planning.
Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 2 page 329. April 1975^Back
issues available at $4.00 per copy from Dana Rhoads, American Water
Resources Association, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab, Mississippi
River at 3rd Ave. S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414.
Several techniques that have potential for overcoming some of
the limitations of standard public involvement techniques have
recently been developed. This paper describes several of these
new techniques and analyzes each of them in terms of their po-
tential utility in water resources planning.
Citizen Participation Strategies, "Journal of the American Institute of
Planners". Edmund M. Burke. Wash. D.C. September 1968. Reprints of
journals are available from Kraus Thompson Organization Ltd., Route 100,
Millwood, N.Y. 10546, $3.75 per copy. State month and year of journal
desired.
Suggests that many of the problems planners and others have had in
involving the public in decision making can be resolved by recog-
nizing and adopting a strategy of participation specifically designed
to fit the role and resources of a particular organization. Five
types of strategies are identified: Education-therapy, behavioral
change, staff supplement, cooperation, and community power.
Public Participation in Water Resources Planning. University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor. 1971. NTIS PB 204-245.
Reviews public participation activities and procedures which have
been utilized in connection with governmental planning studies, es-
pecially water resources planning studies. Discusses identification
of public, function and objectives, mechanisms for securing involve-
ment, and timing. Also presents a model for a participatory planning
process.
Selected Techniques for Soliciting Community Participation in Transportation
Planning" Julie Hetrick Schermer. New York, N.Y. 1974~i Copies of this paper
available upon request from Mr. William Reed, Director of Publications, Parson,
Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas, Inc. 1 Penn Plaza, 250 W. 34th St., New York,
NY 10001
Five techniques for greater community participation recently employed in
major transportation planning projects are reviewed and assessed in this
paper. They are equally applicable to waste treatment management planning
and include "citizen committees", "randomly selected participation groups",
"open door policy", "direct funding to community groups", and "planning
balance sheet".
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"Identification of Publics in Wdter Resources Planning", Journal of
the Water Resources Planning and Management Division, Gene E. Willeke,
Vol. 102, #WRI, April 1976, pp. 137-150.
This paper focuses on the identification of publics throughout
the water quality management process. Some categories of publics
are suggested, techniques for uncovering others are described,
and the importance of reaching all groups is stressed.
The Role of Citizen Advisory Groups in Water Resources Planning, Pub-
lication No. 43. Madge Ertel, Water Resources Research Center, Uni-
versity of Massachusetts at Amherst, July 1974. Available at $3.00
per copy from Water Resources Research Center, Univ. of Mass., A211
Graduate Research Center, Amherst, Mass. 01002.
Report is the result of case study observation of the citizen
advisory groups operating in conjunction with three planning
studies. Describes the ways in which these groups have dealt
with problems and to generalize from their experience for the
benefit of other citizen adivsory groups and-planning agencies.
Concludes with a set of practical "guidelines" derived from this
research, for the use of planning agencies seeking to maximize
the effectiveness of citizen advisory groups.
Water Resources Decision Making on the Basis of the Public Interest.
Report No. IWR Contract Report 75-1.U.S. Army Engineer Institute
for Water Resources, Fort Belvoir, Va. Feb 1975. NTIS, AD/A 010
402. $4.25.
The concept of water resources decision making in the public
interest is both fundamental and elusive. This report discusses
alternative perspectives that have been suggested for defining
the public interest and provides an overview of the decision
making involved in a typical water resources planning study.
It then examines various approaches to determining the public
interest in preauthorization planning and decision making.
Private Property and the Public Interest; The Brandywine Experience,
See Section II: Studies
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V. 208 Plan Implementation
1971 Suggested State Legislation (1971); 1972 Suggested State Legislation
(1972); 1973 Suggested State Legislation (1973); 1974 Suggest State Legis-
lation (1974); 1975 Suggested State Legislation (1975); 1976 Suggested
State Legislation (1976); T977 Suggested State"Leg£s'ratxo'n~( 1977). Council
of State Governments.Available from Council of State Governments, Order
Department/Iron Works Parkway/Lexington, Kentucky 40511. $5.00 for each
volume until 1975, $6.50 thereafter.
Includes suggested legislation that would be relevant for implementing
208 plans.
Financial Arrangements Handbook for Water Quality Management, (forthcoming)
U.S. EPA.For Information on availability write to Water Quality Management
Information Center.
The handbook discusses financial issues in Section 208 planning and
implementation, and suggests alternative approaches for dealing with
these issues. The handbook contains chapters on inventory of financial
conditions, structure and evaluation of alternatives, and developing
a program for plan implementation.
Evaluation of the Cost - Effectiveness of Nonstructural Pollution Controls;
A Manual for Water Quality Management Planning,CONSAD Research Corp.,
Pittsburg, PA15206,April 30, 1976. Limited quantity available from
U.S. EPA/Water Quality Management Information Center. NTIS No. not assigned
as yet. 70 pages.
Develops and illustrates a procedure for estimating the cost of non-
structural pollution controls for use in evaluating the cost - effec-
tiveness of implementing such controls. The procedure provides con-
sistency in the evaluation of structural and nonstructural pollution
controls, and permits systematic comparison of the control applications.
Management Agencies Handbook for Section 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Manage-
ment, U.S. EPA, September 1975.Available from EPA Regional Offices.
Provides examples of possible water quality management programs that
might apply in hypothetical areas. The examples are intended to show
the way the management structure can carry out a 208 management pro-
gram. 37 pages.
Alternative Growth Management Techniques - Draft, Prepared for New Castle
County, Delaware.Available from EPA Regional Offices.
Records case studies of areas in which the provision of services is
used as a growth management technique. Includes programs and policies
which have been tailored to support officially adopted growth management
objectives.
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VI. Legal/Institutional Program Elements
Program Guidance Memorandum AM-1. U.S. EPA, Water Planning Division.
Wash. D.C. March 1975. Available upon request from EPA Regional Offices,
Transmits policy statement issued March 11, 1975 by the Assistant
for Water and Hazardous Materials on the subject of the relation-
ship between 201 facilities planning and 208 areawide planning.
"Agreement for Implementation of Section 304(j) of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972". Federal Register, Vol. 38
No. 225, Nov 25, 1973.
Agreement between EPA and Departments of Interior, Agriculture
and Army on setting up 208 advisory committees with representation
of signatory agencies.
"Joint Agreement for Interagency Coordination of Areawide Waste Treat-
ment Management Planning Assistance to State and Local Governments
between EPA and the Department of the Army". Federal Register. Vol.
40 No. 11, Jan. 16, 1975.
Agreement between EPA and Department of the Army which established
coordination between the Corps of Engineers Urban Studies Program
and 208 Program.
Federal Programs Impacting Regional Water Quality Management - Draft.
Prepared for the Miami Regional Planning Commission^January 1976.
Available from EPA Regional Offices.
The following information is listed for 20 federal programs
which impact water quality management: program title, authority,
objectives, extent of participation, eligibility requirements,
funding status, and relation to areawide planning and management.
A Manual of Laws, Regulations, and Institutions for Control of Ground
Water Pollution. Report No. EPA 440/9-76-006, U.S. EPA, June 1976, ~~
Available from Water Quality Management Information Center.
Extensive non-technical look at ground water resources and their
sources of pollution. Discusses existing regulatory activity,
suggests starting points for state statutes, presents guidelines
for the development of regulations and their manpower requirements.
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Compilation of Federal, State and Local Laws Controlling Nonpoint Pol-
lutants: An Analysis of the Law Affecting Agriculture, Construction,
Mining and Silviculture Activity.U.S. EPA Wash. D.C. 20460, Sept, 1975
EPA 440/9-75-01JTAvailable from EPA Regional Offices.
Investigates legal means of controlling water pollution from non-
point sources in agriculture, silvaculture, construction and mining.
Analyzes selected legislation at the Federal, State, and local levels,
through existing statutory practices and procedures.
Problems and Approaches to Areawide Water Quality Management,
See Section VII:Point Sources
WPCF Manual of Practice No. 3, Regulation of Sewer Use,
See Section VII:Point Sources
A Manual of Laws, Regulations, and Institutions for Control of Ground
Water Pollution,
See Section VI: Legal/Institutional Program Elements
Residual Waste; Model State Legislation
See Section VIII B:Residual Waste Management
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VII. Point Sources
Draft - Pretreatment Guidance Manual for State and Areawide (208)
Water Quality Management Planning Agencies. Vol 1., US EPA, April
1976,EPA Water Planning Division, Wash. DC. Limited quantity
available from Water Quality Management Information Center.
Comprehensive working review and analysis of pretreatment issue,
from Federal, State, and local viewpoint. Description of manage-
ment elements, surveys, monitoring programs, sewer use ordinances,
enforcement mechanisms, legal and financial considerations. Tech-
nical review of pollutants which can interfere with or pass through
treatment plants. Case studies of actual pretreatment programs.
Federal Guidelines, Pretreatment of Pollutants Introduced in Publicly
Owned Treatment Works. US EPA. Wash. DC, Oct 1973. Available upon
request from EPA Regional Offices.
Guidelines established to assist municipalities, States, and
Federal agencies in developing requirements for the pretreatment
of wastewaters which are discharged to publicly owned treatment
works. Also explains relationship between pretreatment and ef-
fluent limitations for publicly owned treatment works.
Improved Procedures for Municipal Regulation of Industrial Discharges
to Public Sewers' (forth coming). No report no. assigned. Draft
available from U.S. EPA, Water Quality Management Information Center,
(WH/554), Wash. DC 20460
Reviews the current status of local government control of indust-
rial wastes discharged into publicly owned treatment works and
finds them ineffective as a means of controlling large scale
industrial activities. The report suggests an effective and eco-
nomical regulatory scheme for complying with the federal pretreat-
ment and effluent standards and the requirements imposed on feder-
ally-financed treatment works. The approach involves a contractual
agreement between an industry and a public entity for. treatment
of the industry's wastewater.
Design Criteria for Mechanical, Electric, Fluid Systems and Component
Reliability"! DTs. EPA. Wash. DC NTIS PB-227-558/4.
Amplifies and supplements the Federal guidelines for Design,
Operation, and Maintenance of Wastewater Treatment Facilities
with regard to establishing minimum standards of reliability
for mechanical, electric and fluid systems and components.
Stresses component backup to attain system reliability.
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Effluent Guidelines and Development Documents. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC
Available from Ms. Frances Dessele, Effluent Guidelenes Division (WH/552)
U.S. EPA/Wash. DC 20460
The Effluent Guidelines Division of the Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, EPA, has published effluent limitation guidelines for
existing industrial sources and standards of performance and pre-
treatment standards for new industrial sources-. Effluent limit-
ation guidelines and standards have been published for each of a
number of different industrial categories. In addition, for each
industrial category, developemnt documents have been published which
contain supportive data and rationales for the development of the
applicable effluent limitation guideline and performance standard.
While all of the effluent limitation guidelines and development
documents are too numerous to be referenced here, information per-
taining to specific industrial categories can be obtained from
Ms. Frances Desselle.
Federal Guidelines, Operation and Maintenance of Wastewater Treatment
Facililities.U.S. EPA.Wash. DC, Aug 1974,Available upon request
from EPA Regional Offices.
These guidelines are intended to assist in assuring that all
aspects related to wastewater treatment plant operation and
maintenance are appropriately considered by those responsible
for complying with grant requirements, specific effluent permit
criteria, and related water quality standards. They provide
information on the key elements that should be included in any
plan of operation for a wastewater treatment facility. Source
documents offering more detailed information are referenced
throughout.
Guidance for Sewer System Evaluation. U.S. EPA Wash. DC 1974,
Available upon request from EPA Regional Offices.
Intended to provide engineers, municipalities, regulatory
agencies with guidance on sewer system evaluation to determine
presence of excessive infiltration/inflow. Includes discussion
of physical surveys, rainfall simulation, preparatory cleaning,
internal inspection and survey reports.
Waste Load Allocations in River Basin Plans. Available only from State
agencies concerned with Sec. 303 (Water Pollution Control Board).
River basin plans required under Section 303 of the Act contain
waste load allocations for segments of streams designated water
quality limited. These allocations would, of course, be useful
in defining industrial treatment levels.
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Cost-Effective Analysis of Municipal Wastewater Reuse. U.S. EPA,
Wash. DC.April 76,Available from U.S. EPA/Water Quality Managment
Information Center. No EPA or NTIS number assigned yet.
A description of procedures to assist local governmental agencies
in properly assessing the cost-effectiveness of alternative waste-
water reuse systems. Contains two case studies and a complete
bibliography of current information regarding the economics and
practice of wastewater reuse.
Problems and Approaches to Areawide Water Quality Management. Vol. I-IV
U.S. EPA. School of Public and Environmental AffalFs, Indiana University,
Wash. D.C. 1973. NTIS PB-239-808. $25.00.
This report deals with the issues of the adequate authority of
designated waste treatment management agencies to perform as
required by Section 208(c) (2) and related sections of the Act.
"Adequate authority" includes both the legal authority and the
management capability of the agencies. The report is based on
a legal analysis of the laws of the fifty states and of federal
legislation, and on a survey of existing waste treatment manage-
ment agencies. The study consists of a main report, an executive
summary, and two separately bound appendices: Appendix A-Suggested
Representative or Model legislation, Appendix B-State Reports.
WPCF Manual of Practice No. 3 Regulation of Sewer Use. Water Pollution
Control Federation.Wash. DC 1968. Available from Water Pollution
Control Federation, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, Wash. DC 20016, price $2.00
The manual presents the case for legally constituted guidelines
to regulate the use of public sewer systems. It does so through
presentation of a model sewer use ordinance and detailed discus-
sion of its component parts.
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VIII. Non-Point Sources Management
NONPOINT SOURCES MANAGEMENT GENERAL
Methods for Identifying and Evaluating the Nature and Extent of
Nonpoint Sources of Pollutants, Report No. EPA 430-9-73-014. U.S.
EPA. Wash. DC 1973. GPO, $2.45.
This report issued under Section 304(e) provides general
information on the identification and assessment of nonpoint
sources. Particular attention is paid to agriculture, silvi-
culture, mining, and construction.
Report on State Sediment Control Institutes Program, Report No.
EPA 440/9-75-001. U.S. EPA. Wash. DCHApril 1975. GPO Stock No.
582-421-246.
This report reviews the results of 40 State sediment control
institutes sponsored by EPA, through a grant to the National
Association of Conservation Districts. The status of laws
in the states is covered and a model State law for sediment
control is included.
LoadingFunctions for Assessment of Water Pollution From Nonpoint
Sources.U.S. EPA, Ofc. of Air, Land, and Water Use. Wash. DC
20460, EPA 600/2-76-151. May 1976.
Analyzes the development of nonpoint pollution loading functions
for significant sources and pollutants: Presents loading functions
together with methodologies for their use, provides data, refer-
ences to other data, and suggests approaches for generations of
data when available data is inadequate. 445 page volume.
Design of Cost-Effective Water Quality Surveillance Systems, Report
No. EPA 600/5-74-004.U.S. EPA.Wash. DC Jan 1974.GPOT $4.50.
Presents the development and successful demonstration of quan-
titative methods for the design of river basin water quality
surveillance systems for pollution abatement. The methods
provide a systematic approach to the consideration of expected
stream conditions, system characteristics, equipment performance,
and cost in the selection of a preferred system design from
among a number of candidates. Methods are computerized and
programs are detailed in the report.
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RESIDUAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Development of Residuals Management Strategies. Wash. DC Available
from U.S. EPA, Water Planning Division. (WH/554), Wash. DC 20460.
NTIS PB 251011/AS. Paper Copy $4.00, Microfiche $2.25.
Study of the development of strategies for managing residuals.
Contains step by step guidelines for identifying alternate re-
siduals management strategies and then evaluating and selecting
a strategy. Presents a residuals generation and discharge model
which identifies different methods for complying with recent
federal legislation that requires a specified level of environ-
mental quality and identifies many points in the residuals
generation and discharge process at which physical methods can
be introduced or changes made, to reduce or alleviate the effect
of discharging residuals into the environment.
Evaluation of Land Application Systems, Technical Bulletin, EPA Report
No. EPA 520/9-75-001. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC, March 1975.
Procedures are set forth to assist EPA personnel in evaluating
treatment systems that employ land application of municipal
wastewater, In addition information is provided which may be of
value to State, local and other Federal agencies. Consists of
an Evaluation Checklist, parallel background information and is
divided into three major parts dealing with: (1) facilities
plans, (2) design plans and specifications, and (3) operation
and maintenance manuals.
Municipal Sewage Treatment; A Comparison of Alternatives. Council on
Environmental Quality and U.S. EPA. Wash. DC. February 1974. GPO.
Provides a single document which can be utilized on a comparative
basis, to develop preliminary selections of appropriate wastewater
treatment schemes for a municipality. The format of the text
allows the reader to compare various treatment strategies on an
energy, environmental or economic basis and to develop cost figures
which may better reflect a particular local situation.
Process Design Manual for Sludge Treatment and Disposal, Report No.
EPA 625-41-74-006. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC. October 1974. Available
upon request from U.S. EPA Office of Technology Transfer, CM#2 Rm 1014,
RD 677. Wash. DC 20460.
Presents a contemporary review of sludge processsing technology
and the specific procedures to be considered, modified, and applied
to meet unique conditions. Emphasizes operational considerations
and interrelationships of the various sludge treatment processes
to be considered before selecting the optimum design. Also
presents case histories of existing wastewater treatment plants
to illustrate the various unit processes and results.
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Wastewater Treatment and Reuse By Land Applicability, Vol. I, Report No.
EPA 660/2-73-006a. Vol. II 660/2-73-006b. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC." August
1973. GPO Vol. 1 - $1.10, Vol. II - $2.40.
Report of a nationwide study of current knowledge and techniques
of land application of municipal treatment plant effluents and
industrial wastewaters. Information and data were gathered on
the many factors involved in system design and operation for the
three major land application approaches: irrigation, overland flow,
and infiltration-percolation. In addition, evaluations were made
of environmental effects, public health considerations, and costs—
areas in which limited data are available.
Residual Waste Best Management Practices; A Water Planner's Guide
to Land Disposal. Report No. RFP NO WA-76-R045. Available from
Water Quality Management Information Center. Wash. DC 20460.
This document describes residual wastes from nine most frequently
encountered sources and relates management of these wastes to ex-
haustive enumeration of BMP's. This provides the potential users-
planners, engineers, lawyers, elected officials and others, with
a reference for carrying out their residual waste management re-
sponsibilities under areawide or State water duality management
planning programs and other regional/local activities.
Sludge Processing, Transportation and Disposal/Resource .Recovery; A
Planning Perspective. Report No. EPA 440/9-76-022. U.S. EPA, Dec.
1975. Available "from Water Quality Management Information Center
NTJS PB 251013/AS.
Reports on the methodology for use by planners in the evaluation
of alternatives for the ultimate disposal of residual wastes gen-
erated by municipal wastewater treatment plants. The methodology
considers technical, economic, social, and institutional factors
pertinent to a thorough review of alternatives.
An application of this methodology is presented in Demonstration
of a Planning Perspective for Waste Water Sludge Disposition,
Ohio/Kentucky,1ndiana fEPA 440/9-76-001-B, NTIS PB 250684/AS
$7.50) and Demonstration of a Planning Perspective for Waste
Water Sludge Disposition - Knoxville/Knox County (EPA 440/9-76-001-A
NTIS PB 250936/AS $7.50)
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Suggested Residual Waste State Legislation (Forthcoming) U.S. EPA
Wash. D.C. Will be available from EPA Regional Offices
Addresses the legal/legislative/institutional consideration of
residuals management. Deals with laws that control the disposal
of waste and that encourage resource conservation and treats all
of the common aspects of regulation, such as permits, inspections,
and variances. Also deals with a variety of special considera-
tions which impact upon the effectiveness of comprehensive area-
wide planning.
Resource Recovery Information for Municipal Officials, 2 Vols. Report
No. EPA 440/9-76-018. Vol. I-Feb 1976, Vol. II-Aug 1976. NTIS No.
forthcoming. Available from Water Quality Managment Information Center,
Wash. DC 20460.
Presents an overview of administrative, institutional, and tech-
nical solutions for recovering useful elements such as aluminum,
paper, and energy from municipal solid wastes. Vol. I, Section A
is concerned with central processing facilities—it deals with
policy issues, financing, procurement, contracts, and includes a
nationwide survey of resource recovery activities. Section B
of Volume I provides a cursory review of source separation. Vol.
II is a continuation of Section A, dealing with market and pro-
ducts, accounting format, and technologies.
Implementing A BMP for Residuals^The Waste Exchange, Report No. EPA
440/9-76-019.Alan K. Vitberg and Christopher H. Porter. June 1976,
Available from EPA Regional Offices.
This document characterizes waste exchange systems which will help
local jurisdictions and industry to deal with industrial wastes
and residuals through resource conservation and utilization. It
is intended to demonstrate a residuals BMP's; namely, that one
industry's waste has the potential to be another industry's feed-
stock.
Land Application of Sewage Effluents and Sludges; Selected Abstracts.
See Section X: Bibliographies
Residual Waste Management Research and Planning Projects.
See Section X: Bibliographies
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URBAN 5TORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Comparatiye^Analysis of Urban Stormwater Models. U.S. EPA. Nov 1974.
Available upon request from U.S. EPA, Planning Assistance and Policy
Branch (WH/554), Wash. DC 20460
Eighteen mathematical models for the nonsteady simulation of
runoff in urban storm and combined sewerage systems were
reviewed in a study sponsored by EPA. Most of the models
evaluated include the nonsteady simulation of the rainfall
runoff process and flow routing in sewers. A few also include
the simulation of wastewater quality, options for dimensioning
sewerage system components, and features for realtime control
of overflows during rainstorms.
Contributors of Urban Roadway Usage to Water Pollution, Report No.
EPA 600/2-75-004. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC. March 1975^NTIS'PB 245-
854/5BE. P.C. $10.00, M.F. $2.25.
Study of contributions of motor vehicle usage to urban roadway
loading factors. Specific roadway study sites within the non-
industrial Washington, D.C. area were selected so as to provide
minimal interference from non-traffic related land use activities
and thus isolate, as much as possible, the traffic related
depositions.
Practice in Detention of Stormwater Runoff. Herbert G. Poertner,
American Public Works Association, 1974. NTIS PB-234-554.
On-site detention of runoff was investigated as an alternative
to other methods of urban Stormwater runoff management. It was
found that this method, which involves collecting excess runoff
before it enters the main drainage system, can often be applied
as an effective and economical means of reducing peak runoff,
slow rates to lessen or eliminate problems of flooding, pollution,
soil erosion, and siltation.
Urban Stormwater Management Research and Planning Projects for FY 1975
and FY 1976, Information Package. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC. March 1975
Available upon request from U.S. EPA, Program Assistance Branch (WH/554)
Wash. DC 20460.
Information contained in this reprot is concerned with urban
Stormwater management. Well over one hundred projects were
reviewed and those selected to be included within this report
were chosen because of their contribution to the planning process
for urban Stormwater management. Five areas within the planning
process are identified and projects are categorized appropriately.
Also includes a list of bibliographies where information on pro-
jects done prior to FY 75 is available.
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Urban Stormwater Management and Technology: An Assessment^ Report No.
EPA 670/2-74-040.U.S. EPA.National Environmental Research Center,
Cincinnati, 1974. GPO, NTIS PB 240-687/AS $11.50.
The results of a comprehensive investigation and assessment of
promising, completed and ongoing urban stormwater projects which
are representatives of the state-of-the-art in abatement theory and
technology. Presented in a textbook format, provides a compendium
of project information on management and technology alternatives
within a project framework of problem identification, evaluation
procedures and program assessment and selection.
Water Quality Management Planning for Urban Runoff. Report No.
EPA 440/9-75-004.DTs. EPA, Wash7~DC^December 1974. NTIS
PB 241-689/AS. $7.50.
Provides technical assistance to state and local water quality
management planners to enable them to quantify within reasonable
limits the urban non-point water pollution problem in a local
planning area without extensive data generation, and to make a
preliminary evaluation of cost-effective abatement and control
practices. Prescribes procedures for several levels of input,
each requiring more self-generated data, with increasingly
sophisticated results.
Water Resources Protection Measures in Land Development; A Handbook
U.S. Dept. of Interior, Office of Water Resources. Wash. DC, 1974.
NTIS PB 236-049.
Description of measures that can become an integrated part of
urban development to lessen problems that would otherwise ad-
versely affect water resources. Measures are presented in groups
and related directly to the problems of runoff, erosion, sedi-
mentation, flooding, runoff pollution and increased sewage ef-
fluent discharge. Each group is preceded by a flow chart that
relates individual measures to each other and can aid in the
selection of alternative techniques that follow a logical
sequence.
Stormwater Quality Summary - Preliminary Draft. Prepared for New
Castle County, Delaware. November, 1975. Available from EPA
Regional Offices.
The first of the two reports contained here- the "stormwater
quality summary"- identifies five sources of urban stormwater
pollution and characterizes them in simple, non-technical terms.
43 pages. The second report concerns techniques for stormwater
management- measures for abatement, control, and treatment are
presented. 109 pages.
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EPA Publications on Urban Stormwater Runoff; Ordering Information.
See Section X: Bibliograohies
AGRICULTURAL SOURCE MANAGEMENT
Evaluation of Salinity Created by Irrigation Return Flows, Report No.
EPA 430/9::"74-006. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC, 1974. GPO, $1.65.
Report provides general descriotions of the problems, major prob-
lems areas, and remedial and control measures.
Methods and Practices for Controlling Water Pollution from Agricultural
Nonpoint SourcesT Report No". EPA 430"/9-73-015^ OTsT'EPA7~ Wash. "DC,
1973. GPO, $1.10.
Issued under Section 304(e), report provides general description
of various measures that may be used to control agricultural run-
off. It is strongly directed at erosion and sediment control, but
nutrients, pesticides, and animal wastes are covered.
Research Status cm Effectsi of Land Application of Animal Wastes, Report
No. EPA 660/2-75-010." U.S. EPA. Wash. DC. OTIS PB 243- 472/8BE.
P.C. $5.25, M.F. $2.25.
Report primarily reviews research results. However, in one chapter,
it outlines a procedure for estimation of the effects of animal
wastes on crop utilization nutrients.
Study of Current and Proposed Practices in Animal Waste Management,
Report No. EPA 430/9-74-003.U.S. EPA.Wash. DC, Jan 1974.GP07
$4.70.
Report briefly discusses various methods of disposal and/or uti-
lization of animal wastes. The report contains 362 pages of anno-
tated bibliography.
SILVICULTURAL SOURCE MANAGEMENT
Silvicultural Chemicals and Protection of Water Quality - Draft, U.S.
EPA Region >T!Anticipated date of availability: January 1977 at EPA
Regional Offices.
Describes present practices and guides in the development of manage-
ment practices on the minimization or prevention of nonpoint source
pollution. Describes the scope of chemical usage, the effects of
these practices and their alternatives, offers a summary of guide-
lines for use of chemicals in forests. Reviews the toxicological
properties of major forestry chemicals. Glossary of technical terms
included. 209 pages.
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Forest Harvest Residue Treatmemt, Reforestation & Protection of Water
Quality, EPA Report No. 910/9-76-020, U.S. EPA Region X, Seattle, Wash.
April 1973. Available from Water Quality Managment Information Center,
Wash. DC and EPA Region X/1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle, Wash. 98101.
Summarizes research, currently applied prediction, prevention and
control techniques, and criteria for the prevention or minimization
of water pollution from forest practices, especially those which
effect sediment, soil nutrient and water temperatures.
Logging Roads and Protection of Water Quality, Report No,. EPA 910/9-75
GOT.U.S. EPA.Seattle, Washington, March 1975. NTIS PB 243 703/6BE,
P.C. $9.25, M.F. $2.25.
This report issued under Section 304(e), provides general information
on the nature of silviculture pollution control problems and on con-
trol methods. General predictive techniques and criteria for manage-
ment programs are included.
Processes, Procedures, and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from
Silvicultural Activities, EPA report No. 430/0-73-010, U.S. EPA. October
1973.Available from Water Quality Management Information Center.
Discusses basic silvicultural practices in the United States, the
nature and control of silvicultural pollution, the control of non-
point sources, predictive methodology for non-point source pollution
control, and criteria for pollution control management systems.
91 pages.
MINING SOURCE MANAGEMENT
Processes, Procedures and Methods to Control Pollution from Mining Acti-
vities, Report No. EPA 430/9-73-011. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC 1973. GPO, $3.40.
Report provides general information on controls for surface and
underground mines, and treatment methods. Some cost information
is included.
Inactive & Abandoned Underground Mines; Water Pollution Prevention
and Control, June 1975, EPA Report No. 440/9-75-007.Available from
Water Quality Management Center.
Provides information on the chemistry and geographic extent of
mine drainage pollution in the U.S. from inactive and abandoned
underground mines; underground mining methods and the character-
ization of mine drainage control techniques.
Criteria for Developing Pollution Abatement Programs for Inactive
and Abandoned Mine Sites.EPA No. 440/9-75-008. U.S. EPA, Office
of Water and Hazardous Materials, August 1975. Available from Water
Quality Management Information Center, Wash. DC 20460.
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Gives guidance to states conducting or anticipating the establish-
ment of abandoned mine land pollution abatement ordinances, and
reclamation programs. Gives organizational, financial and legal
considerations for the program, and technical and background
approaches to reclamation programs.
A Guide to State Programs for the Reclamation of Surface Mined Areas,
Edgar A. Imhoff, Thomas 0. Friz, and James R. La Fevers. U.S. Dept.
of the Interior, Geological Survey. Free on application to Branch of
Distribution/US Geological Survey/ 1200 South Eads St./ Arlington, Va
22202.
A primer on surface mining activities and related reclamation
practices and problems. Contains a table designed for the notation
and elaboration of information pertaining to the mined area reclam-
ation programs and a listing of non-Federal governmental controls
applicable to reclamation.
Land Utilization and Reclamation in the Mining Industry, 1930-71, James
Paone, John L. Morning, and Leo "GlorgettiT U.S. Dept. of the Interior,
Bureau of Mines. GPO Stock No. 2404-01601. $1.50.
After reporting briefly on the characteristics of surface mining, the
Bureau's land utilization survey records information on land used and
reclaimed from each mine and mill in operation in 1971. Information
is recorded on a state-wide basis. 61 pages.
CONSTRUCTION SOURCE MANAGEMENT
Comparative Costs of Erosion and Sediment Control, Construction Activities,
Report No. EPA 430/973-016. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC 1973. GPO,T2720T
Cost information on erosion and sediment control measures has been
assembled in this report, evaluated, and documented for more than
24 methods in current and widespread use in the United States.
Control of Erosion and Sediment Deposition from Construction of Highways
and Land Development. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC September 1971, GPO,"$.60.
Discusses the causes and effects of excess sediment runoff, measures
for control, costs, and administration.
Methods of Quickly Vegetating Soils of Low Productivity, Construction
Activities, Report No. EPA 440/9-75-008.U.S. EPA.Wash. DCJuly 1975
GPO, Stock No. 210-810/11 1-3.
Document prepared for use by planners, engineers, and resource man-
agers who need to provide for the rapid establishment of a protective
vegetative cover on construction sites bare soils.
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Processes, Procedures, and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from
All Construction Activity, Report No. EPA 430/9-73-007.U.S. EPA.
Wash. DC, 1973. GPO, $2.30.
Issued according to requirements of Section 304(e) of P.L. 92-500.
Report provides information of a general nature regarding measures
to controlling or preventing erosion and sediment runoff, stormwater,
and pollutants other than sediments.
HYDROGRAPHIC MODIFICATION MANAGEMENT
The Control of Pollution from Hydrographic Modifications, Report No.
EPA 430/9-73-017.U.S. EPA.Wash. DC, 1973.GPO, $1.95.
This report issued under Section 304(e) provides information and
guidance for use in identification and evaluation of non-point
sources of pollutants, and processes, procedures and control methods
when pollution results from changes in the movement flow or circu-
lation of any navigable waters or ground waters.
GRQUNDWATER POLLUTION MANAGEMENT
Groundwater Pollution from Subsurface Excavations, Report No. EPA 430/9-
73-012. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC, 1973.GPO, $2.25.
Report issued under Section 304(e), provides information on identifi-
cation and evaluation, and on control methods. Injection wells, la-
goons, septic systems, land fills, pipe leakage, etc. are generally
covered. Administrators Decisions Statement No. 5 is included.
Identification and Control of Pollution from Salt Water Intrusion. U.S.
EPA. Wash. DC, 1973. NTIS PB 227-229/2.
Report issued under Section 304(e), provides general information on
identification and assessment; and on control methods. Coastal and
inland waters are covered.
Subsurface Pollution Problems in the United States, Report No. TS-00-72-02.
U.S. EPA. Wash. DC, May 1972. GPO Stock No. 514-148/60.
Report provides very general information on types of subsurface prob-
lems experienced in the United States.
Subsurface Water Pollution, A Selected Annotated Bibliography. Part I-
"Subsurface Waste Injection"; Part II - "Saline Water Intrusion"; Part
III - "Percolation from Subsurface Sources"?U.S. EPA.Wash. DC,
March 1972. NTIS, Part I: PB 211-340; Part II: PB 211-341; Part III:
PB 211-342.
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A selective bibligraphy produced from the computerized data base
of the OWRR Water Resources Scientific Information Center. Repre-
sents published research in water resources as abstracted and indexed
in the semi-monthly journal, Selected Water Resource Abstracts. Re-
presents a search of a 33,980 - item data base, covering SWRA from
October 1968 through December 1971.
Report to Congress - Waste Disposal Practices and Their Effects on Ground
Water: Draft.U.S. EPA Office of Water Supply, April 22, 1976~Available
from Bill Thompson (WH/550) 401 M St. SW/Wash. DC 20460.
Describes the use and occurrence of the groundwater resource along with
the mechanisms of contamination. Discusses the major waste disposal
practices including an explanation of the waste disposal practice,
listing of potential contaminants, estimation of the extent of ground-
water contamination on a national basis, reviews the present prevention
technology and explores typical institutional controls available to
state agencies. 511 pages.
A Manual of Laws, Regulations, and Institutions for Control of Groundwater
Pollution^
See Section VI: Legal/Institutional Program Elements
Subsurface Water Pollution, A Selective Annotated Bibliography, 3 parts
See Section X: Bibliographies
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IX. Environmental Assessment
Ecosystem Impacts of Urbanization: Assessment Methodology. U.S. EPA
Report No. "EPA 600/3-76-072. WashT DC, July~1976. NTIS No. not assigned
yet.
A methodology is developed to use space-time analysis and ecosystem
modeling to assess the secondary impacts of wastewater treatment
facilities (i.e., urbanization) on the ecosystem. The existing
state of the ecosystem is described with emphasis on the dynamic,
periodic, trend, and gradient processes. Ecosystem models are
used to project each facility alternative and its consequences.
Ecosystem models are described and the literature on impacts is
reviewed. A case study of urbanization at Lake George, N.Y. em-
phasizes the usefulness of the components of ecosystem models by
linking units from several studies with a new model (LAND).
Direct Environmental Factors at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Works.
Ernest Leffel. U.S. EPA, Wash. DC. Available from MCD - 20/6SA
8FFF/Centralized Mailing List Services/ Building 41/ Denver Federal
Center/Denver, Colorado 80225.
The purpose of this report is to provide the methodology and reference
information to ensure that the design of wastewater treatment works
provides for construction and operation compatible with the environ-
ment. Environmental factors considered in the report include odors,
noise, aerosols, site planning, architecture, lighting, aesthetics,
subsurface conditions, construction nuisances, solid disposal, and
treatement during construction.
Land Development and Natural Environment: Estimating Impacts. Dale L.
Keyes. Wash. TxT:The Urban InstitutedAvailable from Publication Office
The Urban Institute, 2100 M Street, NW, Washingon, D.C. 20037 Order No.
13500, List price $4.95.
This report, one of a series, focuses on ways to estimate the impacts
of residential, commercial and industrial development on the natural
environment —primarily air quality, water quality and quantity, noise,
and wildlife and vegetation. It also discusses potential hazards for
land development from natural disasters. The intent is to provide
elected officials, educated lay persons, urban planners, and others
concerned with the impacts of land development with basic information
on the state of the art. A complete discussion of each analytical
technique is not included. Instead, a brief, simplified overview of
basic scientific principles related to each specific impact is presented,
followed by a discussion of impact measures and alternative data analysis
procedures. References to orginal sources and additional reading are
also given.
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Measuring Impacts of Land Development: An Initial Approach. Phillip
S. Schaenmen and Thomas Muller.Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
Available from Publications Office, The Urban Institute, 2100 M Street,
NW, Washington DC 20037, Order No. 86000. List price $2.95.
This report is the first in a series on land use impact evaluation
published by The Urban Institute and sponsored by the U.S. Depart-
ment of Housing and Urban Development. A second report on fiscal
impacts to the natural environment will be available in the near
future. Other reports will follow on such topics as social impacts
and impacts to the private economy. This report is an overview.
It sets forth measures and procedures for assessing the impact "of
land developments on economic, environmental, aesthetic, public
and private service, housing and social concerns. The report con-
centrates on ways to develop comprehensive data on the expected
impacts of development.
Fiscal Impacts of Land Development; A Critique of Methods and Review
of Issues, Thomas Muller.Washington, DC:The Urban Institute.
Available from: Publications Office, The Urban Institute, 2100 M St.
NW, Washington, DC 20037. Order No. 98000. List price $2.95.
This report, second in a series, discusses in greater detail the
state of the art in calculating the fiscal impact of land develop-
ments for local governments. The applicability of various approaches
is discussed and guidance is given to those sponsoring or reviewing
work in the fiscal impact area. The author attempts to show the
best of current parctice while indicating some of the gaps or defects
that require the special attention of analysts.
A Review of Environmental Impact Assessment Methodologies, Report No.
EPA 600/5-74-002.U.S. EPA. Wash. DC, April 1974.GPO $.70,
NTIS PB 236-609/AS.
Seventeen methodologies applicable to preparation of environmental
impact statements are reviewed to identify their strengths, weak-
nesses, and potential range of use. Specific criteria are suggested
for evaluating the adequacy of an impact assessment methodology.
An Approach to Evaluated Environmental Social and Economic Factors in
Water Resources Planning. Water Resources Bulletin Vol. 8 No. 4 page
724.Aug. 1972,Back issues available at $4.00 per copy from Dana
Rhoads, Amercian Water Resources Association, St. Anthony Falls,
Hydraulic Lab, Mississippi River at 3rd Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minn.
55414.
Briefly discusses present methods of project evaluation and then
describes an approach adapted from highway planning literature for
evaluating both monetary and nonnonetary variables and presenting
them to decision makers at all levels. Social and environmental
consequences are analyzed using a graphical description method.
Includes a case example.
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Manual for Preparation of Environniental Imapct Statements for Wastewater
Treatment Worksr Facilities Plans, and 208 Areawide Waste Treatment
Management Plans. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC, 1974.Available upon request
from U.S. EPA, Office of Federal Activities (A-104), Wash. D.C. 20460
Provides the framework for preparing environmental impact statements
(EIS's) when required on wastewater treatment works, facilities plans,
or 208 areawide waste management plans. Provides certain minimum
standards of completeness and consistency in those EIS's prepared by
EPA in the above categories.
Performance Controls for Sensitive Lands; A Practical Guide for Local
Administrators, Report No., EPA 600/5-75-005. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC,
March 1975.NTIS PB 245 177/LBE. P.C. $12.50, M.F. $2.25.
Intended as handbook for use by local planning officials in planning
for and regulating use of streams and creeks, wetlands, woodlands,
hillsides, and ground water and aquifer recharge areas. Discusses
ecology and value of sensitive areas, and recommends regulatory
programs. Includes appendices on obtaining technical assistance.
Secondary Impacts of Transportation and Wastewater Investments; Research
Results, Report No. EPA 600/5-75-013.U.S. EPA.Wash. DC,July 1975.
NTIS PB 246 085/5BE. P.C. $7.75, M.F. $2.25.
The second report of a 2 part research study. This report presents
the results of original research on the extent to which secondary
development can be ^attributed to highways and wastewater treatment
and collection, and the conditions under which causal relations
appear to exist.
Bibliography for Environmental Assessment and Impact Evaluation of
Areawide Quality Management
See Section X:Bibliographies
Secondary Impacts of Transportation and Wastewater Investments; Review
and Bibliography
See Section X: Bibliographies
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X. Bibliographies
Environmental Management Research Publications and Active Projects,
U.S. EPA, Wash. DC 20460. Available from Office of Research and
Development. U.S. EPA. Wash. DC 20460
Lists active and planned projects on problem assessment, implem-
entation methods, institutional, arrangements, evaluation, and
enforcement. No abstracts. 9 pages.
Subsurface Water Pollution A Selective Annotated Bibliography. Part
I Subsurface Waste Inj ect ion, NTIS PB 211 340, Part II Saline Water Intru-
sion, NTIS PB 211 341, Part III Percolation from Surface Sources, NTIS PB
211 342, U.S. EPA Office of Water Programs, March 1972, Wash. D.C. 20460
Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22151. $3.00 paper, $.95 Microfiche.
Research in water resources, as abstracted and indexed in semi-
monthly journal (SWRA). Represents search of a 33,980 item data
base, covering SWRA from Oct 1968 to Dec 1971.
EPA Publications on Urban Stormwater Runoff; Ordering Information,
EPA Region IV, June 1976.Available from U.S. EPA/Water Quality Man-
agement Information Center.
Listing of publications, without abstracts. Approximately 22 entries.
Includes NTIS and GPO numbers and prices.
Bibliography for Environmental Assessment and Impact Evaluation of
Are"awide Water Quality Management^U7S. EPA. Wash. D.C., Nov 1975.
Available upon request from U.S. EPA, Water Quality Management Infor-
mation Center (WH/554), Wash. D.C. 20460.
A bibliography of references dealing with environmental assessment
and impact evaluation. Emphasis is placed on those relating to
environmental assessment and impact evaluation of areawide water
quality management.
Secondary Impacts of Transportation and Wastewater Investments; Review
and Bibliography. Report No. EPA 600/5-75-002. U.S. EPA, Wash. D.C.,
Jan 1975. NTIS PB 246 085/5BE. P.C. $7.75, M.F. $2,25.
A review of over 50 major studies and 300 relevant reports related
to secondary environmental impacts on various forms of public in-
vestments, e.g. land based transportation and wastewater collection
systems,
Bibliography for Small and Individual Systems, Available from U.S. EPA,
Water Quality Management Information Center.
Approximately 85 entries, without abstracts, on small and individual
sewage systems.
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Energy-Effielent Planning; An Annotated Bibliography, Efraim Gil
Report No. 315, Planning Advisory Service.1976.L3T3 East 60th
St., Chicago, 111 60637.
Annotated bibliography of existing planning practice aimed at
energy conservation. Sections on: zoning, subdivision control,
land use, policy and transportation planning, energy-efficient
housing design, site plan review, and regional planning.
Selected Irrigation Return Flow^Quality Abstracts, 1974. Gaylord V,
Skogerboe, Wynn R. Walker, Stephen W."Smith, Report No. EPA 600/2-76-019.
Nov 1974, NTIS PB 235 385/2. P.C. $10.50, M.F. $2.25.
Abstacts derived from 100 sources of material published during
calendar year 1974. Includes technological and institutional
articles pertinent to action programs regarding the control of
water quality degradation resulting from irrigated agriculture.
228 pages.
Solid WasteManagement - Available Information Materials, U.S. EPA
Information Staff, Office of Solid Waste Management Programs, Nov
1975. NTIS PB 234 931/4.
Booklet lists publications, films, exhibits, information kits,
training programs, OSWMP and NTIS publications and reports.
Indexes by subject, title and author.
Bibliography of Research, Development and Demonstration Grant, Con-
tract, and In-house Project Reports. Storm and Combined Sewer Section,
MufucTipaTEnvironmental Research Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S. EPA,
Edison, NJ 08817, June 1976. Available from Water Quality Manage-
ment Information Center.
Listing without abstracts, includes index, prices and NTIS, GPO
and Publishers No. Approximately 200 entries on combined sewer
discharges, storm sewer discharges, non-sewered runoff.
Land Application of Sewage Effluents and Sludges: Selected Abstracts,
Report No. EPA 660/2-74-042"U.S. EPA.National Environmental Re-
search Center, Corvallis, Oregon, 1974, GPO, $2.80, NTIS PB 235-386
$8.50.
Combines selected abstracts from previous publications and updates
the sources abstracted into the year 1973. The 568 abstracts
selected for inclusion are arranged in chronological groupings and
are identified as to emphasis on effluent or sludge.
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Residual Waste Management Research and Planning Project. Report No.
EPA 440/9-76-003.Available from Water Quality Management Information
Center. NTIS PB 250 954/AS. P.C. $10.00, Microfiche $2.25.
Contains selected abstracts of projects underway, and publications
on the subject of residual wastes and their impact on ground and
surface waters. Provides information regarding oroject or publi-
cation identification, a brief summary, status of the projects,
point of contact, and acquistion details.
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XI. Selected 208 Outputs
C_itize_n_ Involvement in OCPC 208 Planning - A Progress Report, Old
Colony Planning Council
See Section IV: Public Participation
Stormwater Quality Summary - Preliminary Draft, New Castle County,
Delaware
See Section VIII C: Urban Stormwater Management
Alternative Growth Management Techniques - Draft, New Castle County,
Delaware
See Section V: 208 Plan Implementation
Federa^ Programs Impacting Regional Water Quality - Draft, Miami Regional
Planning Commission
See Section VI: Legal/Institutional Program Elements
All of the above are available from the Water Quality Management Information
Center, WH/554, Wash., D.C. 20460.
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INSTRLICTIONS FOR ORDERING PUBLICATIONS
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
The National Technical Information Service has available for sale,
both paper and microfiche copies of many EPA technical reports. Some
reports are, however, available only in microfiche. Information on
availability and prices is given only by mail and can be obtained by
writing to the NTIS and giving them the following information:
1. Title of the report
2. NTIS accession number (usually in the form: PB-000-000).
3. EPA Report No. (If known, usually in the form: EPA 000/0-00-000).
4. Number of copies required.
5. Paper copies or microfiche.
NTIS will respond by mail with a price quote and availability
statement. Publications can then be ordered by mail with payment
enclosed.
U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO)
Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402
The Government Printing Office has available for sale, paper
copies of many EPA and other agency publicationa. Information on the
availability and price of publications can be obtained by calling the
Publications Information/Order Desk at GPO in Washington, D.C. The
desk can be reached at area code 202, 783-3238. Trie following infor-
mation will be needed.
1, Title of the report.
2. EPA Report No. (usually in the form: EPA 000/0-00-000).
3, GPO Stock No. (if known).
The Information/Order Desk can then check the availability and
quote the price. If the publication is available a check for the
amount, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, can be mailed
with the order to GPO. Publications will be mailed upon receipt of
the payment. If ordering in the Washington, D.C. area, publications
can be picked up in person at GPO. When calling for information and
price ask the clerk to assign a pick-up-number. The publications can
then be picked up in person at GPO.
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Water Quality Management Information Center
Librarian
EPA
Water Planning Division, WH/554
401 M St., S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20604
The W,Q.M. Information Center has limited stocks of specific tech-
nical and general water quality planning and management related (Section
208) publications available free upon request.
The following information is needed:
1. Title of the report,
2. EPA Report Number, if available.
3. Number of copies required.
State and Areawide Agencies should continue to contact their EPA
Regional Offices for publications before sending requests to the Water
Quality Management Information Center in Washington, D.C. The infor-
mation listed above shoud be included in requests to the Regional Offices,
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