-------
(2) Service Area. It has been assumed for purposes
of this study that the service area is that portion of Pottawattamie County
east of a line through McClelland, Iowa. That portion of the county contains
J.1 municipalities to be served by a Collection system. The populations of
these municipalities as determined by statistics of the U. S. Census Bureau
and the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan area Planning Agency are shown
hi the following list. The numbers of dwelling units were determined by
using the statistical figure of 3. 3 people per dwelling unit.
Town 1970 Population Dwelling
Avoca 1,513 459
Carson 569 173
Hancock 250 76
Macedonia 273 83
McClelland 143 44
Mindon 381 116
Neola 884 268
Oakland 1,351 410
Treynor 274 83
Underwood 399 121
Walnut 725 220
Totals 6,762 2,053
(3) Waste Quantity for Collection. It is assumed
that domestic solid waste generation on a per capita basis is equal to that
quantity measured in the Metropolitan Area. As shown in Table 11-24, the
domestic waste generation per capita in 1970 is:
207,000 Tons j- 515,800 People = 0.4 Ton/Person/Year.
The statistical dwelling unit contains 3. 3 people, therefore the average
weekly generation of domestic waste is 51 pounds per dwelling unit per week.
(4) Disposal Site Location. Ideally a solid waste
disposal site would be located-at the centroid of all solid waste generated
and disposed of in a particular area. Sometimes this location is impractical
Or inconvenient. The centroid of solid waste (and population) for eastern
Pottawattamie County is 4 miles west of Hancock, Iowa. It would be more
convenient to locate the disposal site nearer to Hancock and nearer to U. S.
Highway No. 59 which is the major north-south highway in that part of the
county. It is recommended elsewhere in this report that a sanitary landfill
facility be established in the vicinity of Hancock, Iowa.
(5) Road System. The preliminary layout of the
collection route was made using a 1968 general highway and transportation
ffl-25
-------
map of Pottawattamie County prepared by the Iowa State Highway Commission.
Only paved roads were considered for the collection route.
(6) Collection Manpower and Equipment. The major
portion of the cost of a collection system is represented by the wages of its
Inbor force. Consequently this is the area where careful planning can realize
the greatest cost savings. This planning should minimize cost by laying out
the optimum collection route to be worked by the optimum size crew with
equipment that is compatible with the type and quantity of work to be accom-
plished.
Detailed collection system studies have shown that 2-man and 3-man collec-
tion crews bbth have their applications depending upon the type of route being
served. In the case of eastern Pottawattamie County a 2-man crew was
selected.
The collection vehicle used in the preliminary route layout is a packer-type
truck with a 22 cubic yard capacity. A more detailed study and future exper-
ience may show that a 20 C. Y. truck would be adequate or that a 24 C. Y.
truck is required. The difference in cost when amortized over 5 years if not
great. It is important that the vehicle have adequate capacity in order to
avoid making extra trips. At an average in-truck density of 581 pounds per
C. Y. , a 22 C. Y. packer truck could haul the solid waste from 250 dwelling
units in each load.
Previous studies have shown that a 2-man crew will collect on the average
1. 5 dwelling units per minute including driving time between dwellings.
Highway driving time has been computed on the basis of 50 m. p. h. which is
equivalent to 1. 2 minutes per mile, (1. 2 M/mi).
It is assumed that the crew will work a 5-day week and devote 8 hours or
480 minutes per day (including 30-minutes break time) on the collection
route.
Table III-5 shows the preliminary daily work schedule for the collection
route. It is assumed that the sanitary landfill disposal facility is near
Hancock, Iowa, and that the collection crew will work out of Hancock.
IH-26
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TABLE III-5.
EASTERN POTTAWATTAM1E COUNTY
DOMESTIC REFUSE COLLECTION ROUTE
AND PRELIMINARY DAILY WORK SCHEDULE
MONDAY
MINUTES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Hancock to Treynor
Treynor 83 DU
Treynor to Carson
Carson 173 DU
Carson to S. L. F.
Unload
S.L.F. to Macedonia
Macedonia 83 DU
Macedonia to Oakland
Oakland 167 DU
Oakland to S. L.F.
Unload
Breaks
Totals 506 D. U.
23 mi.@ 1.2 M/rni
@ 1.5 DU/M
10.2 mi@ 1.2 M/mi
@ 1.5 DU/M
12.8 mi@ 1.2 M/mi
15.8 mi@ 1.2 M/mi
@ 1.5 DU/M
9.4 mi @ 1.2 M/mi
@ 1.5 DU/M
6.4 mi @ 1.2 M/mi
77.6 mi
28
56
13
116
16
5
19
56
12
112
8
5
30
476
TUESDAY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
S. L.F. to Oakland
Oakland 243 DU
Oakland to S. L.F.
Unload
S.L.F. to Walnut
Walnut 220 DU
Walnut to S. L.F.
Unload
Breaks
Totals 463 D. U.
6.4 mi @ 1.2 M/mi
@ 1.5 DU/M
6.4 mi @ 1.2 M/rni
13.4 mi @ 1.2 M/mi
@ 1.5 DU/M
13.4 mi @ 1.2 M/mi
39. 6 mi
8
162
8
5
17
147
17
5
30
400
WEDNESDAY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9-
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
S.L.F. to Avoca
Avoca 250 DU
Avoca to S. L. F.
Unload
S. L. F. to Avoca
Avoca 209 DU
Avoca to S. L. F.
Unload
Breaks
S.L.F. to Hancock
Hancock 76 DU
Hancock to S. L. F.
Unload
Totals 535 D. U.
7.2 mi @ 1.2 M/mi
1.5 DU/M
7.2 mi @ 1.2 M/mi
7.2 mi @ 1.2 M/mi
@ 1.5 DU/M
7.2 mi @ 1.2 M/mi
@1.5 DU/M
30.8 mi
III- 2 7
9
167
9
5
9
140
9
5
30
4
51
4
5
447
-------
Table III-5 (cont'd)
THURSDAY
1. S. L. F. to Nooia
2. Neola Z50 DU
3. Neola to S. L. F.
-------
.£• Collection System Cost Estimate
(1) General. The cost estimate for the collection
system based on current prices and wages, appears in Table I1I-6. The
following paragraphs discuss each major item considered.
4
(2) Basic Cost Data. The basic cost data are the
items used to develop total annual cost of operation. They include: the
initial purchase of the collection vehicle; the cost of a small building to be
built at the landfill site to provide facilities for the operating personnel;
the cost of maintaining, operating, and amortizing the operating equipment
plus a rental fee for a spare truck if required; and miscellaneous costs,
overhead, and contingencies.
(3) Annual Costs. The annual costs include the
expense of repaying the initial debt and the recurring annual expense of
operating personnel and equipment.
The debt expense provides for a 6% - 5 year amortization to purchase the
original packer truck, and a 6% - 20 year amortization to pay for the
personnel facilities and garage.
Annual operating expenses include salaries, equipment costs, miscellaneous
costs and contingencies.
The sum of debt expense plus operating expense gives the total annual cost
of $31, 700. This figure is used to compute the annual fee to be charged
each dwelling unit.
(4) Collection Fee Computation. The collection fee
or cost per dwelling unit is the sum of collection cost plus debt service reserve
plus disposal cost.
The collection fee was developed from the estimate of annual cost for providing
collection service to 2053 customers.
The cost of debt service reserve is not an actual cost but is a revenue that
must be provided and set aside for protection of the bond buyers if the capital
funds are raised through the sale of bonds. It is taken as 40% of the annual
debt expense of $3300.
The disposal cost is based upon an annual domestic waste quantity of 1. 32
tons per dwelling unit and a disposal fee of $1.40 per ton as recommended in
Part 1II-E-7 of this report.
111-29
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TABLE III-6. COST ESTIMATE. DOMESTIC WASTE COLLECTION
EASTERN POTTAWATTAMIE COUNTY
A. BASIC COST DATA
1. Initial Purchase of Equipment
(one time purchase only)
1 packer truck @$11, 000 $11,000
2. Personnel Facilities & Garage
800 s. f. @ 10. 00/s. f. 8, 000
3. Operating Personnel
Salaries $17,150
Fringe Benefits and Salary
Expense f 17% 2.950 20, 100
4. Operating Equipment, Maintenance, Operation and
Amortization
1 truck @ $3,900
1 rental @___5_P_0_ 4,400
5. Misc. Expense, Overhead & Contingency 3,900
B. ANNUAL COSTS
1. Debt Expense
a. Initial Purchase of $11,000
Equipment
5 yrs. @ 6% = 0. 23740
. 2374 x 11,000 = $2,600
b. Personnel Facilities and $ 8, 000
Garage
20 yrs. @ 6% = . 08718
. 08718 x 8,000 700
c. Total Debt Expense $ 3, 300
2. Operating Expense
a. Operating Personnel 20, 100
b. Operating Equipment 4,400
c. Misc. & Contingency 3,9QQ
d. Total Operating Expense 28.400
3. Total Annual Cost $ 31,700
C. COLLECTION FEE COMPUTATION
1. Annual Cost $31,700
2 Subscribers 2, 053 Dwelling Units
3. Cost Per Dwelling Unit
a. Collection
31,700s- 2053 DU = $15.48
b. Debt Service Reserve
40% (3300. ) --- $1, 320
1,320 .--2,053 DU = 0. 64
c. Disposal
1. 3£ tons per Dwelling Unit @ $1.40 1. 85
d. Annual Cost Per Dwelling Unit $ 17. 97
III-30
-------
{. Summary. The economics of an organized rural
rommunily effort for the collection and disposal of domestic solid waste
compare favorably with those of large metropolitan systems.
The annual fee of approximately $18. 00 per year per dwelling unit for the
communities in eastern Pottawattamie County provides for once-a-week
collection and disposal of all domestic solid waste of residential subscribers.
Presently, subscribers to the City operated collection system in Council
Bluffs pay $15. 00 annually for a service which collects kitchen waste only.
The City of Omaha system, operated under a contract, provides for collec-
tion and disposal of all domestic and some commercial waste. The cost of
the domestic portion is approximately $12. 00 per dwelling unit. A recent
study in Des Moines, Iowa, recommended an annual fee of $10.80 per
dwelling unit for once-a-week collection and disposal of domestic waste.
The present costs to the residents in the communities in eastern Pottawattamie
County for hauling and disposing of domestic solid waste are not known, although
private service rates of $24. 00 to $36. 00 per year are common. It is reason-
able to assume that one system serving the aggregate community is considerably
less expensive than that of each household hauling and disposing of its solid
waste or contracting privately for that service. In addition, the nuisance of
several open burning dumps would be eliminated by the sanitary landfilling
of the waste at one disposal site.
Open burning dumps have been declared unlawful after April 1, 1970, in the
State of Iowa by its Government. An organized system for the sanitary collec-
tion and disposal of solid waste in eastern Pottawattamie County is suggested
to be a feasible and economical answer to this recent legislation.
4. Sanitary Landfill Cost Estimates
a.. General. The cost estimates for five combinations of
landfill sites are summarized in Table III-7. The itemized cost estimate for
the combined operation of Sites 1, 3, 5, 7 and 8 is presented in Table III-8.
In the following paragraphs each major cost item is considered and discussed.
Detailed estimates for other combinations of landfill sites are found in the
Appendix, Exhibits III- 4 through 7. The estimates are based upon current
prices and wages. It will be necessary to adjust these costs prior to implem-
entation of the landfill operations, when the final designs are made and final
conditions are known.
The estimate in Table III-8 for the 5-site operation is based upon operating
the 2 smaller sites, Sites 1 and 8 for eight hours per day, 5 days per week,
and sites 3, 5 and 7 for 12 hours per day, 6 days per week. It is probable
that sites 3, 5 and 7 would be open to the public eleven hours per day with
111-31
-------
one hour per day allotted at the end of the day to permit all refuse to be
covered and incidental clean-up to be accomplished. Additional details of
individual site operations are found in Paragraph _j_, and Table III-9.
_b. Basic Cost Data (Refer to Table III-8)
(1) Land Costs. Land costs were developed from H
the estimated land requirements as seen in the table and further discussed
in Part II1-E of this report. An informal investigation of land prices for the
selected general areas provided the estimated land cost per acre.
(2) Initial Site Development. These costs were
developed by analyzing the required physical developments necessary for
placing the landfill sites in readiness for operation.
(3) Annual Site Maintenance and Development. These
costs are for the expected general maintenance and annual expansion required
for site upkeep and continued operation.
(4) Equipment Purchase. This estimated cost is for
the equipment recommended for operation of the 5 sites. The distribution of
the equipment is itemized in Table III-9. This cost is a one-time expenditure
for the initial procurement of the equipment. Funds for replacement of
equipment are provided for in the operating costs as discussed in the following
paragraph. There are many types of heavy equipment suitable for sanitary
landfilling operations. The preliminary equipment selection made for estim-
ating purposes in this report is based upon anticipated conditions at the
landfill sites. Final equipment selection can be made only after the actual
sites are designed and more extensive soil analyses have been made. The
equipment selections should minimize total equipment costs which include
initial cost, maintenance and operating costs, and replacement costs.
(5) Equipment Maintenance, Operation and Amortization.
These estimated costs are for the maintenance, operation (excluding labor) and
amortization of the required equipment for the 5 sites. The costs are based
upon operating the primary equipment 8 or 12 hours per day, 5 or 6 days per
week.
Support equipment such as the grader, tractor-mower, and water trucks
would be shared by the 4 sites in the Metropolitan area and rented at Site 8 in
eastern Pottawattamie County. Equipment operation hours are itemized in
Table III-9. Included in the equipment hourly rate is the estimated amortiza-
tion of each piece of equipment. This amortization will prepay the cost of
replacement by establishing an equipment escrow fund to be used with trade-in
equipment for necessary replacements. The spare equipment wouId be avail-
able to any of the sites when needed.
IH-3 2
-------
(6) Labor. These are the estimated costs for the
personnel required to operate the required equipment and facilities of the 5
sites, exclusive of the management categories in the Agency operation. Wage
rates include fringe benefits. For additional details of labor distribution see
Table III-9 and the discussion thereof.
* (7) Agency Headquarters and Maintenance Building.
This estimated cost is to provide for the facilities and equipment necessary
to the Agency operation. This facility would be located at one of the landfill
sites and would be in addition to' the personnel facility provided for the labor
force at that site. Extensive maintenance of landfill equipment would be
handled at the Headquarters Maintenance facility while day to day preventive
maintenance would be accomplished at the individual sites.
(8) Agency Operation. This is the estimated cost
for the wages of management personnel and for the operating overhead of the
Agency.
(9) Miscellaneous Expense and Contingencies. This
is the estimated cost of the miscellaneous expenses and contingencies which
normally could be expected during the course of Agency operations.
£. Annual Costs. The following annual cost computations
are based upon the itemized requirements presented in Table III-8, in which
some expenditures are one-time initial expenses and the remaining are annual
reoccurring expenses. The one-time expenses are assumed to be financed
through the sale of revenue bonds, repayable at 6% interest over a 20-year
period.
ANNUAL COST DATA
One-Time Expenses (20 yrs. @ 6% = 0. 08718)
Land Cost $ 996, 000
Initial Site Development 482,000
Equipment Purchase 509, 000
Hdqtrs. Bldg. 130, OOP
08718 x $2 ,117, 000= $184,600
Reoccurring Annual Expense
Site Maint. & Development $ 81,500
Equip. M. O. & A. 241,500
Labor 238,100
Agency Operation 67,600
Misc. & Contingencies 62, OOP
$690,700
Total Annual Cost $875, 300
III-3 3
-------
cl. Fixed and Variable Annual Costs. Following is a
summary of fixed and variable annual costs for the 5 sites. It is assumed
that the fixed costs will be necessary expenditures which will occur each year
and will not change as the quantities of waste change throughout the years,
while the variable costs will be dependent upon the quantity of solid waste
received each year. The following costs are used in the development of Unit
and Total Operation Costs:
Fixed Costs Variable Costs
One-Time Expense $184,600
Annual Development $ 81,500
Equip. MO&A 17,000* 224,500
Labor 139,600 98,500
Agency Operation 67, 600
Misc. & Contingencies 62, OOP
$408,800 + $466,500= $875,300
# Pickup Trucks & Miscellaneous Equipment
£. Quantities for Unit and Total Costs. The following quan-
tities were established from the information given in Table 11-26.
Ac. Ft. Tons
1st Year 1970 628 751,200
4th Year 1973 580 691,000
Average Year 1982 744 884,300
Final Year 1995 978 1,158,400
These quantities are used to establish unit and Total Operation Costs for the
5 sites.
_f. Unit and Total Costs of Operation. The following compu-
tations establish Unit and Total Costs of operation for the 5 sites.
Part of the cost of operation of the disposal facilities are fixed costs which do
not vary with the amount of solid waste disposed of. The remainder of the costs
are directly proportional to the amount of solid waste and because of this, the
unit cost of operation will vary each year.
(1) 1st Year 1970 - 628 Ac-Ft. or 751,200 Tons
Fixed Costs $408,800 -c- 628 Ac-Ft. = $650/Ac-Ft.
Var. Costs $466.500 -:- 628 Ac-Ft. - $740/Ac-Ft.
Total $875,300 $1, 390/Ac-Ft.
$875, 300 -:- 751, 200 Tons -- $1. 16/Ton
(2) 4th Year 1973 580 Ac-Ft. or 691, 000 Tons
Fixed Cost $408,800
Variable Cost 580 Ac. Ft. x $740/Ac-Ft. 429,200
$838,000
in-34
-------
838,000-:- 691, 000 Tons = $1. 21/Ton
838,000-:- 580 Ac-Ft. = $1, 445/Ac-Ft.
{3) Average Yr. 1982 - 744 Ac-Ft. or 884, 300 Tons
Fixed Cost $408,800
Variable Cost 744 Ac-Ft. x $740/Ac. Ft. 550,600
$959,400
$959,400 -:- 884, 300 Tons = $1. 09/Ton
$959,400 -:- 744 Ac-Ft. = $1, 290/Ac-Ft.
(4) Final Year 1995 - 978 Ac-Ft. or 1, 158,400 Tons
Fixed Cost $408,800
Variable Cost 978 Ac-Ft. x $740/Ac-Ft. $723,700
$1,132,500
$1, 132, 500 -:- 1, 158,400 Tons = $0. 98/Ton
$1,132,500-:- 978 Ac-Ft. ^ 1,160/Ac-Ft.
_g. Bond Debt Service Reserve. Bond buyers insist that the
revenue be higher than the theoretical amount required to meet debt service
payments. This extra revenue is known as debt service reserve or premium.
In this estimate it is based upon 40% of the debt service and is equal to 0. 4
($184,600) or $73,800 per annum. It is not actually a cost but must be included
in revenue computations. The debt service reserve will be a fixed amount, but
the unit cost of this reserve varies with the total tonnage as follows:
Istyr. 1970 $73, 800 -:- 751, 200 Tons = $0. 10/Ton
4th yr. 1973 $73, 800 -:- 691, 000 Tons = $0. ll/ Ton
Avg. yr. 1982 $73, 800-:- 884, 300 Tons $0. 09/Ton
Final yr. 1995 $73,800 -:- 1, 158, 400 Tons - $0. 07/Ton
h. Summary of Unit Costs
Operation Cost Debt Service Total
Year $/Ton Reserve Cost Unit Cost
$/Ton $/Ton
1970 $1. 16 $0. 10 $1.26
1973 $1. 21 $0. 11 $1. 32
1982 $1. 10 $0. 09 $1. 19
1995 $0.99 $0.07 $1.06
_i. Individual Site Data. The data in Table III-9 is a breakdown
of the basic site data which supports the cost estimate in Table II-8 for Sites 1,
3, 5, 7 and 8.
(1) Refuse Accumulation and Land Requirements. The
accumulation of solid waste from 1970 through 1995 determined by the summation
III-35
-------
of annual projections was divided by the anticipated average depth of landfilJed
refuse to determine the necessary land area required to contain that refuse.
That acreage was multiplied by 1. 2 to provide 20% additional area for roads,
setbacks, site screening berms and other non-fillable areas. It was assumed
that land would be purchased in multiples of 40 acres.
(2) The daily quantities of refuse were obtained by »
dividing annual projections by the number of days per year each site is expected
to be open to the public. Sites 1 and 8 were assumed to be open and operating
5 days per week or 260 days per year while the remaining 3 sites would be open
and operating 6 days per week or 312 days per year. These daily quantities
are indicative of the level of activity at the individual sanitary landfill facilities
and were used to make the tentative selection of the landfill equipment and the
labor force requirements.
(3) The initial site development and cost thereof is
itemized for each individual site in this section of the table.
(4) The cost and distribution of the landfill equipment
is itemized in this part of the table. Each site has what might be termed primary
equipment to be used exclusively at an individual site. In addition the sites will
share other equipment such as the grader, mower, trucks, and spare equipment.
(5) The solid waste that each site would receive will
require a certain number of hours of landfill equipment operation. The estimate
of the required hours of operation appears in this part of the table. These hours
will vary depending upon the level of activity at each site, the length of the
working day, and the number of days per week the site is in operation.
The hours of operation for equipment which is shared by the landfill sites is
prorated to those sites on the basis of tons per day of refuse received and/or
land area.
It is assumed that a. grader and mower will be rented when required at Site 8
in eastern Pottawattamie County.
Spare equipment will generally replace equipment that is "down" for repairs
or maintenance but it may be used during peak hour of operation, if necessary.
For the latter reason, a few hours of operation have been assigned to the spare
equipment to provide for this possibility and for other contingencies.
(6) Equipment operator hours are determined by
summing equipment operations hours exclusive of the hours shown for spare
equipment and exclusive of the hours shown for the scrapers which are not
self-propelled.
Ill-36
-------
At Site 8 it has been assumed that the loader will operate 6 hours per day - 5 days
a woek or 1560 hours per year, but the operator will work 8 hours per day - 5
days n week or 2080 hours per year. Rental equipment is assumed to require
300 additional operator hours per year. Therefore, the total operator hour
requirement is 2080 hours f 300 hours - 2380 hours.
« (7) Labor hours per site are itemized in this portion
of I hi* table. In addition to the equipment operator hours discussed in the
previous paragraph, the hours for laborers, foremen and gatekeepers are
shown. It is assumed that laborers will work forty-hour week. Sites 1 and 8
because of their relative low level of activity have no laborers. Sites 3 and 7
have 2 laborers each, and Site 5 has 4 laborers. Neither Sites 1 and 8 have
foremen as such. Sites 3, 5 and 7 are assigned foremen hours at the rate of
8 hours per day, 6 days per week. Gatekeeper hours are based upon 8 or 12
hours per day and 5 or 6 days per week, depending on the site.
Site 8 in eastern Pottawattamie County is essentially a one-man operation
with the equipment operator handling equipment operation in addition to acting
as gatekeeper and taking care of any incidental chores.
Ill-37
------- An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.
-------
TABLEIII-8 BASIC COST DATA FOR SITES 1, 3. 5. 7 and 8
1 . Land Cost
Site Acres Cost/Ac.
No. 1 South West 80 $1200
No. 3 North West 200 1200
No. 5 South East 480 1000
No. 7 North East 160 1000
No. 8 E. Pott. Co. 40 500
Total 960
2. Initial Site Development
Site 1 South West
Site 3 North West
Site 5 South East
Site 7 North East
Site 8 E. Pott. Co.
Total Initial Development Cost
3. Annual Maintenance and Site Development
Site 1 South West
Site 3 North West
Site 5 South East
Site 7 North East
Site 8 E. Pott. Co.
Total Annual Maintenance and Development
4. Equipment Purchase
Cost
$ 96,000
240,000
480, 000
160,000
20,000
$996,000
66, 500
112,000
162,500
112,000
29,000
$482,000
10,000
20, 000
30,000
20,000
1,500
$ 81, 500
$509,000
III-3 9
-------
Table III-8 Continued
5. Equipment Maintenance, Operation and Amortization
Item Hrs. /Yr. Rate/Hr. Cost/Yr.
Track Loader, 170 FWHP 2,080 $10.00 $20,800
Track Loader, 275 FWHP 2,496 15.00 37,400
Track Loader, 115 FWHP 1,560 7.00 10,900
Dozers, 125 FWHP 7,488 9.00 67,400
Scrapers (2,496)* 3.00 7,500
Compactor, 400 FWHP 2,496 19.00 47,400
Grader, 125 FWHP 2,496 5.50 14,800
Water Trucks 2,496 4.00 10,000
Tractor Mower 1,248 2.00 2,500
Trailer ( 100) 3.00 300
Dump Truck ( 200) 5.00 1,000
Pickup Trucks 5,000
Misc. Rental 12,000
Grader 200 5.50 1,100
Tractor Mower 100 2. 00 200
Dozer, Spare, 125 FWHP ( 200) 9.00 1,800
Wheel Loader, Spare, 130FWHP( 2QQ) 7.00 1,400
25,856 $241,500
Equipment Operators 23,180 4.25 $98,500
Laborers 16,640 3.25 54,100
Foremen 7,488 4.75 35,600
Gatekeepers 13,312 3.75 49, 900
Total $238, 100
7. Headquarters and Maintenance Building
Office and Maintenance Building $ 80, 000
Office and Maintenance Equipment 50, OOP
$130, 000
8. Agency Operation
Salaries $ 51, 000
Overhead 16, 600
$ 67,600
9. Miscellaneous Expense and Contingencies $ 62, 000
*NOTK; Equipment hours in parentheses are not included in equipment operator
hours for labor costs.
Ill-40
-------
TABLE III - 9 BASIC SITE DATA FOR SITES 1, 3, 5, 7 and I
1.
2
3.
4
5
Waste Accumulation and Land Requirement
a
b
c
d
Ton:
a
b
c
Accumulation in acre feet* (19,870)
Fill depth in feet
Fill area required in acres
Purchase - acres (960 total)
^Compacted and seasonally adjusted
s of Waste per Day
Operation, days per week
Tons per day 1970**
Tons per day 1995**
#*Seasonally adjusted
1800
30
60
72
80
5
220
480
4350
30
145
200
6
510
850
9770
24
407
48O
6
1210
1750
3290
24
137
165
160
6
410
580
Initial Site Development and Cost
a.
b
c
d
e.
£
g
h
I
]
k
1
Buildings, Scale House & Pers Fac
Scales
Scale Equipment
Watermam
Perim Fence
Entr Fence
Gravel Surfacing
Grading
Landscaping
Area Lighting
Apron Pavement
Miscellaneous
Totals
20,000
10,000
3,500
2,000
2,000
8, 000
6,000
2,000
10, 000
3, OOP
$66,500
30, 000
9,000
10, 000
10,000
6,500
I.. 000
4,000
15,000
8, 000
3,500
10,000
4,000
$112,000
30,000
18.000
10,000
15,000
10,000
2,000
10, 000
30,000
12,500
•5,000
10,000
10,000
$162,500
30,000
9,000
10,000
10,000
6,500
2,000
4,000
15,000
8, 000
3, 500
10,000
4,000
$112,000
Equipment Costs and Distribution
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
J
k
1
m
3 Track Loader
2 Dozers
2 Scrapers
1 Compactor
1 Grader
2 Water Trucks
1 Tractor Mower
5 Pickup Trucks
1 Lowboy Trailer
1 Dump T ruck
Miscellaneous
1 Doze r (Spare)
1 Wheel Loader (Spare)
Totals (Total equipment $509, 000)
46,000
2,500
200
4, 000
1,400
2,400
1,600
7, 000
8,400
$ 73,500
....
35,000
25,000
5, 000
4, 000
400
4,000
1,400
2,400
2,200
7,000
8,400
$ 94,800
70,000
74,000
12, 500
8,000
1, 000
4, 000
1,400
2,400
4, 000
7, 000
8,400
$192,700
....
35,000
25,000
5,000
4,000
400
4,000
1,400
2,400
2,200
7, 000
8.400
$94,800
Equipment - Hours per Year
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
J
k
1
m
n
0
Track Loader, 170 FWHP
Track Loader, 275 FWHP
Track Loader, 115 FWHP
Dozer
Scraper
Compactor
Grader
Water Truck
Tractor Mower
Grader (Rental)
Tractor Mower (Rental)
Trailer
Dump Truck
Dozer (Spare)
Wheel Loader (Spare)
Total
2,080
248
124
(20)
(40)
(40)
( 40)
2,592
3,744
(1,248)
500
624
250
(20)
(40)
(40)
(40)
6,506
....
2,496
2,496
1,248
1,248
624
(20)
(40)
(40)
( 40)
8,252
....
3.744
(1.248)
500
624
250
(20)
(40)
(40)
( 40)
6.506
Site 8
665
24
18
33
40
5
110
130
10,000
5,000
2,300
1,600
900
3, 000
2, 000
1,000
2,000
1,200
$29,000
28,000
4,000
1,400
2,400
2, 000
7, 000
8,400
$53,200
1,560
NOTE: 1 40Hr /Wk x 52 Wk/Yr = 2080 Hr /Yr
48 Hr /Wk x 52 Wk/Yr = 2496 Hr /Yr
72 Hr /Wk x 52 Wk /Yr = 3744 Hr /Yr
2 Equipment hours in parentheses are not included in equipment operator hours for labor costs
Annual Equipment Operator Hours
Labor Hours per Year
Equip Operators (Total 23, 180)
Laborers (Total 16,640)
Foremen (Total 7,488)
Gatekeeper (Total 13,312)
2,452
2,452
2,080
5, 118
5,118
4, 160
2,496
3,744
8, 112
8,320
2,496
3,744
5, 118
5, 118
4, 160
2,496
3,744
2,380
2, 380
m-4i
-------
5. Summary - Resulting Site Combinations . The 28 economic
simulations shown in Table III-3 were reduced to four for final considera-
tion. All simulations containing Sites 2, 4, or 6, were deleted when Sites
2, 4 and 6 were eliminated for reasons discussed in Part III.D.6.
The four remaining simulations provided four combinations of sites shown in
Table III-10. A fifth combination resulted by adding Site 8 to the Sites 1, 3,
5, 7 combination.
Site No. 8 did not appear in the economic simulations because it was imprac-
tical to include as part of this study the detailed measurement of waste quan-
tities at the numerous small disposal facilities in eastern Pottawattamie
County. The site combination containing Site No. 8 could not be simulated
and the figures in Table III-10 for that combination were arrived at by compu-
tation and/or proportion.
The five site combinations were further analyzed and compared by developing
the cost estimates summarized in Table III-7 and by developing the community
costs which appear in Table III-10 which are discussed in the following para-
graphs:
To develop the 1970 community costs for a particular site combination, the
calculated initial disposal fee and the projected 1970 solid waste quantities
and population were used.
The "Calculated Initial Disposal Fee" was determined by cost estimate after
the economic simulations (or in the case of Site No. 8, the computations) pro-
vided the necessary information for determination of land, equipment, and
labor requirements at the sites.
The "1970 Haul Cost/Week" was determined by multiplying the simulation haul
cost by the ratio of 1970 tons of waste to the simulation tons of waste. In the
combination containing Site No. 8 the Haul Cost/Week was assumed to be in
direct proportion to population served. The haul cost was determined by
multiplying the haul cost for the Sites 1, 3, 5, 7 combination by the population
ratio of 535,940/515,800. The assumption made, implies that unit haul costs
in rural Pottawattamie County are equal to unit haul costs in the Metropolitan
area. The average haul distance in the rural area will be greater but the
round trip time will be less because of less restrictive speed limits.
The "1970 Disposal Cost/Week" was determined by multiplying the simulation
disposal cost by the ratio of 1970 tons to the simulation tons and then by the
ratio of initial fee to simulation fee. The simulation fee in these combina-
tions was uniformly $1.25 per ton. The 1970 Disposal Cost/Week for the
Sites 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 combination was obtained by multiplying the 1970 tons per
week by the disposal fee of $1.40 per ton.
The "1970 Community Cost/Week" is the sum of haul cost and disposal cost.
Ill-42
-------
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in-43
-------
The "1970 Community Cost/Year" is 52 times the weekly cost.
It should be noted that the 1970 Community Cost/Year will be less than present
day costs. Haul costs will be reduced because of the reduced haul times and «
distances provided by multiple disposal sites.
Disposal coats will be reduced because the fee of $1.40 per ton recommended *
in this report for the operation of Sites 1, 3, 5, 7 and 8 is 20£ less than the
present fee at the Douglas County Sanitary Landfill. The present contract
between the City of Omaha and the privately operated sanitary landfill east
of the Mormon Bridge provides for the disposal of 100, 000 tons of waste per
year at a cost of $180,000 or $1.80 per ton.
Of the five combinations of sites shown in Table III-10, four are developed
and analyzed for the intended use by the Metropolitan area and the adjacent
rural areas of the three counties.
Although the two-site combination of Sites 3 and 5 is the most economical,
this combination does not provide the convenience to the community, nor
would it serve the future expanded Metropolitan area nearly as well as the
Sites 1, 3, 5, and 7 combination.
Either of the combinations containing three sites is an improvement over
the two-site combination, but neither is the optimum combination required
to satisfy the present and future needs of the community. The addition of
a third facility at Site 7 is quite economical and it would receive the quanti-
ties of solid waste now and in the future to make it self-sustaining but it
dues nothing for Sarpy County and southwestern Douglas County. The addition
of a third facility at Site 1 is also reasonably economical and even though its
immediate use is somewhat marginal, its projected use recommends its
establishment, and its location satisfies both the present and future require-
ments of western Sarpy County and southwestern Douglas County. Both Sites 1
and 7 have points in their favor, but neither when individually in combination
with Sites 3 and 5 present a satisfactory solution to the 3-county area solid
waste disposal problem.
The combination of sites which does meet the present and future needs of the
Metropolitan area is the combination of Sites 1, 3, 5 and 7. The added con-
venience provided the community and the locations which provide for the ex-
pansion of the community far outweigh the additional cost of less than 1/2 of
1% required to add Sites 1 and 7 to the basic 2-site combination of Sites 3 and 5.
To further illustrate the advantages of the multiple site combination of 1, 3,
5 and 7 in the Metropolitan area, the savings that the City of Omaha could
realize on its present 10-year solid waste collection contract were investigated.
It was found that during the survey week of October 2-8, 1968, 1708.88 tons of waste
were collected and hauled away by the City's contractor at a cost of $20, 637.53
or an average cost of $12. 08 per ton. If at that time, the City had had the option
of directing its contract hauler to any of the 4 sites instead of only being able
to utilize existing Site 2, the average cost would have been $11. 69 per ton. The
in-44
-------
savings for that week would have been $665. 65, and over a year's time this
amounts to approximately $34,000. The savings result solely from the
shorter haul distances provided by the multiple disposal site system. The
Cky of Omaha could realize the savings through the Overhaul provision in
the collection contract. The collection contract will be in effect through 1978
and cost adjustments will be made each year dependent upon the Consumer
Price Index of the previous year.
The recommendation of Site 8 near Hancock, Iowa is independent of, and in
addition to, any combination of sites considered for the Metropolitan area.
Facilities for the 3-county area would be incomplete without a sanitary
landfill in eastern Pottawattamie County. Site 8 adds 28,200 tons of solid
waste, and 20, 140 people to the corresponding figures in Table III-10 for
operation of any combination of sites for the Metropolitan area.
6. Recommended Disposal Facilities. Five solid waste disposal
facilities are recommended for the three county study area. Their general
locations and service areas are shown in Figure III-3. The following is a
general description of the area in which the site should be located and the
area which the site will serve.
_Site Number 1, a sanitary landfill in the vicinity of the intersection of Interstate
80 and U. S. Highway 50, to serve central and western Sarpy County, south-
west Douglas County, and southwest Omaha.
Site Number 3, a sanitary landfill in the vicinity of 120th and Fort Streets
in Douglas County to serve west Omaha and northwestern Douglas County.
Site Number 5, a sanitary landfill west of Lake Manawa in Pottawattamie County
to serve Council Bluffs and southwestern Pottawattamie County, Bellevue and
eastern Sarpy County and Omaha.
Site Number 1 f a sanitary landfill north of Dodge Park in the northeast corner
of Douglas County to serve north Omaha, northeast Douglas County, and
northwest Pottawattamie County.
_Site Number 8, a sanitary landfill near Hancock, Iowa to serve eastern
Pottawattamie County.
The three potential facilities under consideration which were not selected
were eliminated for the following reasons;
Site 2 . Site 2 is the existing sanitary landfill immediately east
of the Mormon Bridge in Pottawattamie County. Site 2, rather
than Site 7, would have been selected if it were not for its
future questionable accessibility and the problems which might
be encountered in conversion from private to public operation.
ni-45
-------
This selection would have been made even though most
of the vehicles using the facility would be required to pay
toll bridge fees in addition to disposal fees.
It is expected that the access to Site No. 2 will be appreciably
changed by the completion of Interstate 680 and cause the site to
become uneconomical because of extended haul distances and
times. This site is privately operated and as such, fees are
necessarily higher than those of a non-profit, tax exempt or-
ganization.
If the accessibility of Site 2 were to remain unchanged and
if it could be operated by a public agency with the resulting
fee reduction, then the site should be selected in lieu of Site
No. 7. Comparison of simulations No. 52 containing Site No.
2 and No. 98 containing Site No. 7, which rank 5th and 9th
respectively in Table III-3, shows that the savings to the
community would be approximately 1. 7%.
Site 4. The City of Omaha recently converted its incinerator
facilities at Site No. 4 to a transfer station. Transfer stations
have been discussed previously and were shown to be unecono-
mical under the minimum design standards assumed and
therefore have not been recommended as part of this system
of solid waste disposal facilities.
The existing transfer station at Site No. 4 is presently
equipped to handle approximately 100 - 120 tons of refuse
per day and remains open 7 days a week. Referring to
Simulation No. 100 ranked No. 2 in Table III-3, it is seen
that with a transfer fee of $1. 08 per ton($2. 33-$l. 25 Disp. =
$1. 08 trnsf) which is based on a minimum of 420 tons per day,
the transfer station would receive 769 tons per week or an
average of 110 tons per day, a quantity less than that neces-
sary to make the station self supporting. Examination of
Simulation No. 100 reveals that less than 8% of the tons of
waste would appear at Site No. 4. The area served by the
transfer station is nearly fully developed and waste genera-
tion is expected to increase only slightly so that it becomes
apparent that Site No. 4 would never become self-supporting
and would require a continued subsidy. A more complete dis-
cussion of transfer stations is presented in Part III.D. 1.
Site 6 . This site was recommended by people interested in
this solid waste disposal study. It was subsequently tested by
site selection criteria and by the simulation process and
found to be unsatisfactory. Access to the site is through
residential areas which would create traffic problems in these
areas. The most logical combination of facilities which would
include Site No. 6 would be Sites Nos. 3, 6 and 7. This com-
bination does not adequately serve western Sarpy County or
ni-46
-------
western Pottawattamie County and with this combination of
sites, Site No. 6 would receive 65% of the total waste
quantity. The land available for filling at Site No. 6 is
approximately 90 acres out of a total of 120 acres, and
with the site receiving 65% of the waste it would last only
3 to 5 years. Simulation No. 95 containing Sites Nos. 3,
» 6 and 7 ranks 20th in "Total Community Cost" in Table
III-3.
An important part of the site selection process was to determine if a site or
a combination of sites would be properly located and of adequate size to
serve the future requirements of a growing population in the expanding
communities. The map showing present and future land use (Figure III-3),
and the solid waste quantity distribution made by the computer in the econo-
mic simulations were used to determine if there was a reasonable relation
between the land area served by a site and the measured quantity of waste
a site would receive. The developed land areas served in 4 different site
combinations for the year 1968 were determined by planimeter. The indivi-
dual areas for each combination were converted to a percentage of the total
area and compared to the percentages of solid waste received at the sites
in the economic simulations. In all cases in the four combinations of sites
used, the pe-rcentage figures agreed within 2%. This close agreement es-
tablished the basis for predicting future annual site use and aided in the
determination of total land required at individual sites for the particular
combination of sites being considered.
Annual site use for each year of the design period 1970 - 1995 was deter-
mined by multiplying the annual increase in the quantities shown in Table
11-24 by the predicted percentage of solid waste received at a site during
that year, and then adding that result to the previous years quantities with
1968 as the base year. The predicted percentage of facility use each year
was assumed to vary uniformly from 1968 to 1995. The percentage of use
in 1968 was taken from the economic simulations. The percentage of use
in 1995 was determined by planimeter from the map (Fig. Ill-3) showing
future land use.
IH-47
-------
7. Recommended Disposal Fees. Solid waste disposal fees should be
set to provide the revenue required to make the system of facilities completely
self supporting. In Section D. 4. f. of this Part III, the costs of operation are
shown. Four critical years are analyzed: the first year; the fourth year, when
the volume is reduced due to the expected reduction
in Special Tree waste;the average year and the final year. The fourth year is
critical. When these fourth year operating costs are added to the Debt Service *
Reserve for that year, as shown in Section D. 4.h. , the total required revenue is
equal to $1. 32/ton. This is 8£ per ton higher than the first year. We recommend
the initial fee be based on the fourth year requirement and that the fee be rounded
off to an even $1. 40. The actual fee to be charged will be based on a new estimate
which must be prepared after the actual final conditions are known. For purposes
of this report a fee of $1. 40 per ton is used. Under the estimated condition,
this fee would bring in a surplus during the first few years. This surplus could
be placed into a reserve to be used as coats of operation increase due to inflation.
After the fourth year, the unit costs are reduced due to the increased tonnage.
It is entirely possible that a fee based on the fourth year cost may be adequate
for several years after that time.
We recommend the following schedule:
Recommended Fee Schedule
Basic fee $1. 40/ton
Minimum fee $1. 00
Private autos and station wagons No charge
Automobiles, if not adequately provided for, create problems at a sanitary
landfill. They are definitely a nuisance and danger if permitted to unload at
the "working face" of the landfill where trucks and heavy equipment are operating.
Fata] accidents involving people inexperienced in landfill operations have occurred
in the; working area of a landfill. Automobile drivers and juvenile occupants would
substantially increase the possibility of such accidents. In addition, autos often
interrupt landfill activities because of their inability to negotiate soft, wet ground
and their susceptibility to tire failures. The amount of material delivered in
automobiles is very minor. In Part II, it was shown that automobiles delivered
only 1% of the volume and only 0. 5% of the tonnage whereas they represented
15% of the traffic. For these reasons and because automobiles will often appear
at a sanitary landfill when it is closed, special facilities should be made available
to them.
These special facilities should include large containers exterior to the landfill
proper, and access by hard surface roads. The elimination of any charge for
these facilities eliminates the need of a fee collector and the facilities permit
normal landfill operations to proceed without the problems caused by automobiles.
111-48
-------
The additional revenue produced through the minimum fee is almost exactly equal
to that lost through the free service offered to private automobiles.
Of the 5 recommended sanitary landfill facilities, Sites 1 and 8 would initially
operate without scales. At these 2 sites, a different fee schedule equivalent to
a disposal fee of $1. 40 per ton should be established. We recommend the
fallowing:
Foe Schedule Sites 1 and 8 Only
Minimum fee $1. 00
Pickup trucks (without sideboards) Minimum charge
Light trailers Minimum charge
Packer trucks $. 55 per CY of rated capacity
Private automobiles and station wagons No charge
All other vehicles $. 35 per CY of waste
111-49
-------
E. SITE DEVELOPMENT
1. Development of a Flat Site
a^. General. Flat land is generally suitable for development
using multiple layers of waste. The cover material can be taken from the land
in a cut and cover type operation. Site 5 will be used as an example in this *
discussion.
b_. Amount of Land Required. The amount of land required
depends on the amount of waste and the depth of fill, plus additional land for roads,
setbacks, sight screening and landscaping and operational spaces. It is assumed
that the land acquisitions will require purchasing full parcels of land which would
be not less than 40 acre increments. Therefore, it may be necessary to make
adjustments in order to take an even parcel.
The amount of cover dirt available within a flat site is generally dependent upon
the depth of the water table. The water table at Site 5 is normally 10' to 15'
below the ground surface. Excavation of the site to a depth of 7. 3' will provide
the necessary cover dirt for 3-8' layers of waste, a final cover of 3 feet, the
site screening berms around the site, and road grading.
It is estimated that 20% additional land will be required for roads, setbacks, sight
screening, etc. The total land purchase is estimated as follows:
(1) Land for filling
9,770 ac. ft. -;- 24 ft. = 407 acres
(2) Roads, etc.
407 acres x 20% 4- 82
Subtotal 489
(3) Less land for even parcel
purchases
Total Land to be Purchased
Based on a purchase of 480 acres, it was assumed the land would consist of
3 quarter-sections.
—• Initial Development of the Site. Before any operations
can commence, the site must be designed and developed. It is recommended
that the initial development be done by a Contractor following plans and specifica-
tions prepared by an Engineer. The initial development would consist of the
following items:
IU-50
-------
(1) Scale house, gate house and scale equipment.
(2) Equipment and personnel facilities.
(3) Agency headquarters.
* (4) Water supply and mains.
(5) Fencing.
(6) Roads and drainage .
(7) Grading and landscaping.
(8) Yard and street lighting.
In the cost estimate, the initial site development at Site 5 is estimated to cost
approximately $162,500. Some of the initial site development is shown in
Figure III-4 which illustrates the development of a flat site into a sanitary landfill.
The items listed above are self-explanatory except for the grading and landscaping.
One major grading item would be the construction of a sight screening berm
around that part of the site which will be filled first. As filling progresses, the
berm will be extended. The purpose of the berm is to completely screen the
site operations from view from the road. It will also act as a windbreak to aid
in litter control. The berm should be planted to grass or other suitable ground
cover. The berm and the area between the berm and the property line should be
landscaped with trees and shrubs. The construction of the berm and the land-
scaping are necessary parts of the entire operation and add substantially to
public acceptance. The expense of these items are minimal when compared to
the operational cost.
d. Operation of the Site. The amount of earth needed for
daily cover, final cover, berms and roads is approximately 5 1/2 million cubic
yards over a period of 26 years. Taking this earth from the fillable area requires
a cut of approximately 7.3'.
Starting at Elevation - 7. 3 ft. and adding 8 ft. of waste and 8 inches of cover for
each lift, the approximate levels for the fills would be as follows:
Lift Bottom Fill Top
First - 7. 3 +8. 7 = +1.4
Second +1.4 +8.7 = + 10.1
Third +10. 1 +8. 7 = + 18. 8
Final Cover +18.1 +2.3 = + 21.1
III-51
-------
Tin- laudfilling can start at Elevation - 7. 3 in the area where the initial devel-
opment earth was excavated. As this space is being filled, the cover dirt
required is excavated from the immediately adjacent space, thus creating
additional area with a bottom elevation of -1. 3.
The filling should be from the bottom of the lift with trucks dumping at the foot
of the active face and the dozer compacting and pushing the waste up from the »
bottom. Bottom dumping has advantages over dumping at the top and pushing the
waste down the slope.
The active face should be between 150 and 200 feet wide depending on the traffic.
As the first lift is filled over an area approximately 200' wide x 1,000" long, the
top surface of the first lift becomes available for the second lift. When this
first 200' x 1,000' pass of the first lift is complete, the second lift should start.
The second lift can be filled to an elevation of 10. 1'. It starts at the same point
the first lift started and can cover the same 200' x 1,000 except for maneuvering
room needed around the edges. By the time the second lift is complete, to the
extent it has covered as much of the first lift as possible, the filling can return
to the -7. 3' elevation in the space excavated while the first and second lifts were
being filled. This second pass on the level of the first lift will widen the top
surface of the first lift to the extent that additional area is available for the
second pass of the second lift. Once this second pass of the second lift is com-
pleted, the third lift can be started on top of the second lift.
The process of building lift upon lift and then returning to the bottom to widen
the base is necessary to build up to the top of the third lift as soon as possible.
It is at this (+18. 8') level that the final earth cover is placed. This cover material
amounts to approximately 1/3 of the total earth moved. Therefore, it is desirable
to reach the top as soon as possible so excavated material from the -7. 3' level can
be brought directly to the +18. 8 level without rehandling.
In Figure III-4, the site operation is shown. The first view shows the site after
the first few months of operation. The first pass of the first lift has been com-
pleted. The first pass of the second lift is in progress while additional cut is
being made on the -7. 3' level.
The second view shows the site after approximately one year. The +18. 8' level
has been reached. The operation from this stage until the completion of this
area consists of widening the base and adding additional lifts on top until the
area has all been filled to elevation +18. 8'.
The third view shows this area filled and the operation moved to the adjacent
area on the opposite side of the fill road.
The fill road leading from the scale and entrance area to the fill area would be
built in the initial development to an elevation of +10. 1. As the third lift is
placed, the road would be raised in the fill area, to reach the top of the third
lift at elevation +18. 8' for access to this level.
111-52
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2. Development of a Hilly Site
a. General. Site 3 is used as an example in this discussion.
The land in this area is hilly containing one large gully which could be developed
using typical gully filling methods. Cover material can be taken from the gully
bottom and sides in a combination cut and cover and borrow type operation.
•
b_. Amount of Land Required. The amount of land required
depends on the depth of fill plus additional land for roads, setback, drainage,
sight screening and landscaping and operational space. Since the gully is irregular
in shape it will be necessary to purchase the parcels of land which surround and
contain the gully. The depth of fill varies from point to point within the gully.
The volume that can be filled is determined by laying out the final top surface
contours and computing the volume between the original ground and the final
cover.
The site illustrated in Figure III-5 shows the necessary land which is approximately
200 acres. The principle gully on the site is shown filled to a top elevation of 1200
ft. (MSL), and can contain 4350 acre feet.
c^. Initial Development of the Site. Before any operation can
commence, the site must be designed and developed. The procedure and items
of work would be similar to that described for a flat site, except the details of
the design will be completely different. The major site screening can be accomp-
lished by landscaping. During the initial years while the landscaping was maturing,
the operation would be hidden from view deep in the gully. An initial berm would
be constructed across the lower end of the site and landscaped, but this berm would
be limited in length and height.
Although the berm construction would be less than that shown for the flat site, the
temporary road construction would be more extensive. Roads would be required
for access from the permanent perimeter road to the active face of the fill.
Details of the site development were not worked out to the extent shown for the
flat site. The costs for initial development were estimated to be $112, 000.
d. Operation of the Site. The earth for cover can be taken
from the bottom and side walls of the gully as the work progresses. The amount
of cut must be calculated to cover the many lifts which will be made plus the final
cover on top of the completed fill. The calculation must be based on the final
design which will vary depending on which specific site is selected.
The great depth of fill in this type of site has a distinct advantage over a site
filled to a 10 to 15 foot depth which is commonly used, due to a reduced volume
required final cover material. The final cover is recommended to be approxim-
ately 3 feet thick compared to a daily cover of approximately 8 inches thick. If
a single lift were used it would require a final cover. If two lifts were used the
final cover requirement per lift would be cut in half. Similarly, each additional
lift reduces the percentage of final cover per unit volume filled. This is also true
for the three lift flat site proposed for the northeast area.
HE-55
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LEGEND
EXISTING PROPOSED
CONTOUR —"M- it"
FENCE
PROPERTY LINE
ROAD
RESIDENCE •
TREES
DRAINAGE DITCH
JINITIAL DEVELOPMENT
III-5 6
-------
j FINAL DEVELOPMENT
TYPICAL HILLY SITE
HI-57 FIGURE ur - s
-------
Filling should start near the upper end of the gully and be worked down some
convenient distance. The second lift should be filled on the top of the first, and
the third on top of the second in a manner similar to the filling of the flat site.
Filling from the upper end of the gully allows surface water in the form of rain *
or snow to drain away from the fill. This is a very important feature which must
be followed in this type of an operation. When necessary, the filling can resume
at the first level and be continued for another distance to give working and
maneuvering room on the second and higher lifts. The process of extending the
lowest lifts and then extending each higher lift should be repeated until the final
contour or top of the completed fill is reached.
F_. FINAL USE AND INTERIM USE OF SANITARY LANDFILL SITES
Once completely filled, sanitary landfill sites can be used for a variety of purposes.
It is necessary to understand the nature of a fill site when planning its use. The
sites will settle over a period of time; therefore, improvements built upon solid
waste fills must be either compatible with the settlement or the foundations
must penetrate the fill into firm ground below the fill. Many structures have
been successfully built on fills using light buildings and floating foundations, and
many heavy structures have been built on piles penetrating through the fill.
The landfills will produce some gasses, normally methane, due to the biological
decomposition of the organic material in the fill. These gasses under certain
conditions are toxic and explosive. Normal landfill conditions permit harmless
concentrations of these gasses to escape to the atmosphere. Many structures
and other improvements have been successfully constructed on sanitary landfill
sites where the problem of gasses has been properly provided for.
Generally, completed landfills have been used for open space purposes such as
parks, golf courses, and recreation areas.
Normal improvements associated with these uses such as pavements, shelter
houses, etc. , can be designed for landfills. Landfill sites can and have been
used for agricultural purposes after completion.
A well-planned arboretum could be a pleasing and interesting addition to a
community, especially in the future after many forrested areas may possibly
disappear. A landfill site, if properly handled, could be well suited to this use.
The interim use of sanitary landfill sites could be anything of a temporary
nature compatible with the landfilling and with activities and land use in the
surrounding area. A large site such as the one recommended in the area of
Lake Manawa would have approximately half of its area or 240 acres available
for other uses for about 10 years.
Planners in the community are cautioned to take special notice of the rate of
completion of finished filled land. When a landfill is conducted using only one
or two lifts, the rate of completion of filled land is greater than the landfills
contemplated in this report, where more lifts are contemplated. They may
wish to concentrate efforts on the land not being filled for the first 10 years, and
then devote their efforts toward use of completed portions.
Ill-58
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PART FOUR - ORGANIZATION FOR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
A. GENERAL. The recommended organizational structure for the
disposal of solid waste is a single, non-profit, public agency. This agency
would be formed for the purpose of operating and/or managing all public
solid waste disposal facilities in the three county MAPA area, as one coordi-
nated activity, in accordance with a master plan for area-wide solid waste
disposal. It would operate for and on behalf of all of the member municipali-
ties for their mutual benefit.
Each member would agree to the master plan and pass any ordinances or
regulations necessary to implement the plan and to grant to the agency
exclusive operating authority within their jurisdiction.
Fees would be charged at all agency facilities, for disposal services. These
fees would be uniform at all facilities, non-discriminating, and adequate in
amount to produce the necessary revenue to make the entire disposal opera-
tions self-supporting.
The purchase of land, capital improvements to the land and initial comple-
ment of equipment would be paid for with the proceeds of revenue bond issues.
The user fees would pay for the bond debt service, debt service reserve, opera-
tion and maintenance, equipment replacement, site improvements, miscellane-
ous and incidental expenses, management and overhead.
_B. COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE . In following paragraphs of this
Part of the Report, the legal status of the agency is described and a suggested
form of agreement to create the agency is presented. This agreement in-
cludes the necessary authority for the agency to enter the field of solid waste
disposal. It also includes authority to provide solid waste collection services.
The collection services contemplated at this time are minor in nature and are
restricted to the rural communities in eastern Pottawattamie County, where
some form of formal collection service will be desirable to make a single re-
mote sanitary landfill site economical. This was discussed in Part III of this
report.
The scope of this report is limited to disposal problems and specifically ex-
cludes collection matters; however some discussion of collection of rural com-
munities waste was necessary and therefore included. The Agency probably
will wish to study collection problems in the future and it is likely they will
find that great savings can be made by organizing an area wide collection
service. For this reason the Intergovernmental Agreement (Document IV-1)
creating the recommended Agency includes the power to collect and dispose
of solid waste, should the Board wish to include collection service.
_C_. LEGAL STATUS OF THE AGENCY. The Agency may be formed under
provisions of Chapter E8E of the Code of Iowa entitled "Joint Exercise of
Governmental Powers" and provisions of Chapter 23, Article 22 of the Statutes
of Nebraska entitled "Interlocal Cooperation Act. "
IV-1
-------
DOCUMENT IV - 1, Page 1
INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENT CREATING THE OMAHA-COUNCIL BLUFFSMETROPOLITAN
AREA SOLID WASTE AGENCY
By virtue of this agreement made and entered into by the undersigned, there is hereby formed the
Omaha - Council Bluffs Metropolitan Area Solid Waste Agency, hereinafter called the Agency,
consisting of the elected representatives of the governing bodies of certain cities, towns, villages
and counties in the Omaha - Council Bluffs Metropolitan area of Iowa and Nebraska. The cities,
towns, villages and unorganized portion of the counties are hereinafter called Municipalities.
WITNESSETH:
I
AUTHORITY
The Municipalities enter into this agreement under and by virtue of the power to do so granted by
Chapter 28E, Code of Iowa, 1966; and by Sections 23-2201 thru 23-2207, Revised Statutes of
Nebraska 1965.
PURPOSES
The purposes of the Agency are as follows:
1. To provide for the economic and sanitary collection and/or disposal of solid wastes produced
or generated within each member municipality.
2. To cooperate with local, State and Federal public health agencies in preventing the contam-
ination and pollution of the land, water and air resources of the area, through the control,
collection and disposal of solid waste.
3. To engage such employees and provide offices, equipment, machinery, buildings and grounds
as are necessary to adequately perform the functions of the Agency.
4. To contract with member cities, towns, villages and counties and with public or private
persons, firms or corporations for the collection and/or disposal of solid waste, and collect
payment for such services, and to receive and expend State, Federal and private grants and
other monies which may be made available, to the extent permissible under applicable State
and Federal laws, and under the rules hereinafter set forth.
ORGANIZATION
1. Membership in the Agency shall consist of a representative from each participating municipality,
or his designated substitute, which substitute shall be approved by the body he represents.
The representative shall be an elected official of the municipality he represents. Each partici-
pating municipality shall have one vote for each 50,000 population or fraction thereof, residing
in the governmental jurisdiction he represents. Such population shall be ascertained from the
most recent Federal Census for that jurisdiction.
2. The governing body shall be designated the Agency Board, hereinafter called the "Board",
consisting of the member representative from each city with a population of 20,000 or
greater; the member representative of each county; and one additional member representative
from each county who shall represent all of the incorporated cities, towns, or villages in that
county not individually represented on the Board.
3. Each.member of the Board shall have one vote for each 50,000 population or fraction thereof,
residing in the government jurisdiction he represents. Such population shall be ascertained
from the most recent Federal Census for that jurisdiction.
IV-2
-------
Document IV-1, Page 2
4. A quorum shall consist of a majority of the entire Board membership, regardless of the number
of votes held by each member present.
5. The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman of the Board shall be elected by majority of Board
membership and shall serve for a term of one year or until their respective successors
in office are chosen. The incumbent in each said office may succeed himself.
6. The Board shall hold at least one meeting during each quarter of the year on dates and at
places which shall be determined by the Board. Special meetings may be held at the call of
the Chairman, Vice-Chairman or majority of the membership of the Board.
7. The Board shall hire a Director and such other supervisory, clerical, and other personnel as
are necessary to carry out the functions of the Agency. The Board shall fix their compensation
and benefits, and shall approve all personnel rules and regulations pertaining thereto.
8. The Director shall be the Secretary and Treasurer of the Agency and shall have the authority,
duties and obligations normally associated with these offices, including but not limited to
the receipt and disbursement of funds and the preparation and submission of quarterly and
annual financial reports to the Board.
9. The Board may employ legal counsel, who may be a paid employee of one of the members,
and who may receive compensation set by the Board for the performance of his duties.
10. A meeting of the entire Agency membership shall be held annually at a time and place
determined by the Board and at such other times as the Board may direct or when there is a
call for a meeting by a majority of the membership.
The Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board shall be the Chairman and Vice Chairman of
all Agency membership meetings.
11. The Board shall prepare and present to the Membership for approval the "By Laws of the
Agency". A 3/4 vote shall be required for approval. The Board or the membership may,
present, at any meeting, amendments to the By-laws. A 3/4 vote of the membership shall
be required for approval of changes to the By-Laws.
IV
DURATION
1. It is the intention of this agreement that the Agency be a permanent organization. Additional
municipalities may be added to the membership of the Agency upon a three-fourths vote of
all of the members of the Board.
2. In the event an additional municipality shall apply for membership in the Agency and said
application is considered and approved by the then existing Board, then said municipality may
be added to the membership, provided that said additional municipality as a condition of
membership agrees to abide by the terms of this agreement as set out herein and possess legal
power and authority to do so.
V
POWERS
The Municipalities delegate the following powers to the Agency and Board:
1. To provide solid waste disposal facilities and service for all member municipalities and the
public within the general geographic area of the member Municipalities.
2. To provide solid waste collection and disposal service to those member municipalities requesting
such service, within the limits authorized by law.
IV-3
-------
Document IV-1, Page 3
3. To receive funds from member Municipalities as payment for providing collection and disposal
service. However, in lieu of receiving such funds from member municipalities, it shall have
the power to bill individuals directly for payment for collection and disposal services and to
receive such payments, for and on behalf of the municipalities where such direct charging of
fees is authorized by law, and where the member requests such billing.
4. To contract with all levels of government, other public agencies, private agencies and private
individuals, toward the accomplishment of the stated purposes of the Agency, within the limits
authorized by law.
5. To establish a schedule of fees to be collected from all users of the Agency's disposal facilities,
provided however the schedule of fees shall be uniform to all users.
6. To hire employees, fix their compensation, benefits, personnel rules and regulations, and
terminate their employment.
7. To purchase, lease, receive as gjfts or donations, or otherwise acquire all land, buildings,
equipment and supplies as necessary to carry out the functions of the Agency, and to dispose
of the same.
8. To make or cause to be made studies and surveys necessary to carry out the functions of the
Agency.
9. To contract with and compensate consultants for professional services including but not limited
to architects, engineers, planners, lawyers, accountants, rate specialists, and all others found
necessary to the stated purposes of the Agency.
10. To issue revenue bonds for the purchase of land and equipment and erection of buildings and
other improvements, and to provide for their retirement, within the limits authorized by law.
11. To prepare and recommend to member Municipalities local ordinances governing refuse storage,
collection, transportation and disposal, regulation of private collection haulers, land use
regulations, sanitation, burning of private or public wastes, incineration standards and such
other regulations as may from time to time be required.
12. To exercise any and all powers relative to the efficient collection and disposal of solid waste
available under then existing laws to each member Municipality.
13. To prepare by-laws, rules and regulations, fee schedules, and entrance and termination forms
and procedures for membership in the Agency.
14. To provide for a system of budgeting, accounting, auditing and reporting of all Agency funds
and transactions, for a depository, and for the bonding of employees.
15. To consult with representatives of Federal, State and local agencies, departments and their
officers and employees and to contract with such agencies and departments.
16. To accept gifts, grants, or loans of money or other property from the United States, the states
or any person, corporation or other entity for Agency purposes, and to enter into any agreement
required in connection therewith, and to hold, use, and dispose of such money or property in
accordance with the terms of the gift, grant, loan or agreement relating thereto.
17. To exercise any and all other powers consistent with the stated purposes of the Agency available
under then existing law to each member Municipality.
IV-4
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Document IV-1, Page 4
VI.
TECHNICAL COOPERATION FROM MUNICIPALITIES
The Municipalities agree to respond to reasonable requests to make local records available to the
Agency staff and its consultants or employees for the purposes of this agreement, and to assure that
engineers, architects and consultants hired by the Municipalities release materials, data and other
pertinent items paid for by public funds, to the Agency staff to aid in the efficient and effective
accomplishment of such purposes.
FINANCING
1. The Board shall prepare a budget based on calendar years for the operation of the Agency to
be adopted in June of the year preceding the budget year.
2. The Board shall request each Municipality to provide in its budget for its share of the Agency
budget.
3. The Board shall annually adopt a percentage formula, based on population, as shown in the
last completed Federal census, for the purpose of allocating the portion of the Agency budget
each Municipality will provide.
4. The share of each budget from each Municipality shall be due and payable to the Treasurer
of the Agency in quarterly payments to be made within 30 days after the beginning of the
quarter of the Agency's budget year.
5. Special appropriations shall be made by the parties hereto for funding the operation of the
Agency prior to the establishment of the budget cycle.
6. Any special or budgetary appropriation adopted by the Agency shall be a membership
requirement of each and every Municipality and shall upon the Municipality's contracting
with the Agency therefore constitute a legal liability on the part of such Municipality.
The failure of a Municipality to pay over to the Agency the allotted share of an Agency
budget may be considered a momentary withdrawal of that Municipality and a default of
this Agreement.
VIM.
SUSPENSION OF VOTING RIGHTS AND SERVICES
During a period of delinquency by a Municipality in the payment to the Agency of its share of a
budget and before such delinquency is determined a voluntary withdrawal, such Municipality shall
not be entitled to the services of the Agency, nor shall the Municipality be entitled to vote on
matters coming before the Board, unless such delinquency shall be waived for voting purposes by a
three-quarters vote of the remaining members of the Board.
IX
DISSOLUTION
In the event of the withdrawal of any Municipality from the Agency such withdrawing
Municipality shall be entitled to a pro-rota share of the value of the real and personal
property of the Agency. Such share shall be calculated as the percentage of the then value
of said property based on the ratio of the funds the withdrawing Municipality has provided to
the Agency during the period of this agreement to the sum of all funds provided by all Munici-
palities. Funds for the payment of the pro-rata share of such property value shall be provided
for in the next succeeding Agency budget cycle and shall be payable within six months of the
beginning of the budget year in which the item appears. A withdrawing Municipality may
waive its pro-rata share of any real or personal property in the possession of the Agency.
IV-5
-------
Document IV-1, Page 5
2. The Agency shall be completely dissolved and this agreement terminated only upon the
affirmative three-quarters majority vote of the Board.
3. In the event of complete dissolution of the Agency, any real or personal property shall be
sold and the proceeds prorated among the Municipalities at the time of dissolution on the
basis of the sum of the portions of the budget for the Agency provided by them for and during
the period of this agreement. The current budget year shall be used as one of the years in
the calculation if all Municipalities have made their proper contribution. If all members
have not made their proper contribution, the balance remaining of funds collected during
the current year shall be refunded to the contributors before determining the value of the
assets of the Agency at dissolution, and said year shall not be used in calculating the shares.
4. In the event the Agency has acquired a debt thru the issuance of bonds or loans or otherwise,
and such debt is still outstanding, and unpaid, no member may withdraw or in any way terminate,
amend, or modify this agreement in any manner to the detriment of the bond holders or holders
of notes or other instruments of debt.
X.
MANNER OF ACQUIRING AND HOLDING PROPERTY
1. The Board may lease, purchase, or acquire by any other means, from members or from any
other source, such real and personal property as is required for the operation of the Agency
and the carrying out of the purposes of this agreement. The Board shall maintain title to all
such property in the name of the Agency and shall require the Secretary to maintain an
inventory. Property, materials and services shall be acquired or disposed of only upon a
majority vote of a quorum attending a duly called Board meeting, provided however, that
by the same vote, the Board may authorize the Director to expend such funds as the Board
may direct for other authorized purposes of the Agency.
IV-6
-------
These two state provisions are similar to the typical Joint Powers Act found
in many state codes. They provide, in part, that any governmental subdivision
may cooperate or contract with another subdivision, or jointly perform any
service or exercise any power which they individually have the power to do;
or they may form a separate agency for this purpose. These same two
legislative provisions are the legal basis upon which the Omaha-Council
JUftffs Metropolitan Area Planning Agency was formed.
A proposed form of an intergovernmental agreement to create and operate
the agency is included in this Part IV of the report as Document IV- 1.
This agreement is applicable to cities, towns and counties in Iowa and cities,
villages and counties in Nebraska. Hereinafter cities, towns, villages and
counties are referred to as "Municipalities".
P. MEMBERSHIP. It is essential to the plan, as proposed, that the poli-
tical jurisdictions in which sanitary landfill sites are located be members of
the agency. This includes Council Bluffs, Omaha, and the counties of
Pottawattamie, Douglas and Sarpy. It would be desirable if all of the muni-
cipalities in the Study Area executed the agreement.
_£_. FORMATION OF THE AGENCY . It is recommended that the Agency
be established as an independent entity, whose membership would be comprised
of one representative from each participating municipality. The representative
would be one of the elected officials of the municipality. The Agency would be
governed by a Board of Directors comprised of the representative of the major
cities; the counties; and 3 additional representatives, each of which would re-
present the smaller cities, towns or villages in each of the three counties. In
voting matters concerning the entire Agency and/or the Board, each represen-
tative shall have one vote for each 50,000 population or fraction thereof resid-
ing in the jurisdiction he represents.
With the membership consisting of elected representatives, direct lines of
communication between the Agency and the municipalities is established and
the following benefits realized;
1. The Agency would function with real authority since individual
members would be an elected official who would represent and speak directly
for his respective city, town and village councils, and county boards.
2. Feedback to the member jurisdictions would be accomplished
by having direct representation on the Board.
3. Limiting the Board membership in the manner described would
prevent the membership of the Board from becoming too large to function
effectively as a policy making body.
4. Weighing the vote of each member on a population basis would
provide a fair method of recognizing the population differences between the
member jurisdictions.
IV-7
-------
The length of the term of membership on the Board should be determined when
the By-Laws for the Board are initially drawn up. Provisions should be made
to assure continuity on the Board, taking into account the variations in the
ordinances of the member jurisdictions regarding length of office of elected
officials.
The broad purposes of the Agency as outlined in the proposed Agreement are
as follows:
1. To provide for the efficient and economical, collection and
disposal of solid waste produced or generated within the Study Area.
2. To promote through good practice, effective means for re-
ducing or preventing the contamination and pollution of the land, water and
air resources of the Study Area.
3. To provide for a self-supporting, independent organization,
equipped with sufficient manpower and facilities to adequately perform the
purpose of the Agency.
A proposed organizational chart for the Agency is shown on Figure IV-1. This
chart indicates the flow of authority from the elected municipal and county
officials, to the Agency Board and the Director.
The director would be responsible for the administration and operation of
the Agency, under policies adopted by the Board. This is a top
level position requiring experience in public works management, personnel
management, engineering and public financing.
The assistant director should have qualifications similar to that of the director.
Professional staff services such as legal, engineering, planning and research
could be provided by full time employees or by consultants. This determina-
tion should be made by the Board and the director in the development of the
work program for the Agency. The Agency may be able to utilize personnel
employed by member communities for these specialized services.
It is believed that the majority of jobs in the collection and disposal divisions
can be filled by absorbing qualified personnel from existing municipal refuse
agencies. Provisions should be made to guarantee that transferring employees
retain their basic job benefits, including seniority, vacation accruals and re-
tirement credits.
In-service training programs should be established, particularly in the refuse
disposal division, to adequately train personnel at the several landfill sites
in the methods and procedures recommended in Part III of this report.
_F_. OPERATION OF THE AGENCY. It is proposed that the Agency be
operated in a manner similar to a public utility, responsible to the Agency
Board rather than any one municipality or county. It should have authority
IV-8
-------
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to operate independently of city limits, county or state lines provided the city,
county or state is an Agency member.
The Agency will be able to function most efficiently and economically if all
jurisdictions in the Study Areaare participating members. However, this
is not an absolute necessity. It is possible, economically and politically, to
form the Agency, as it is contemplated in these recommendations, if only
Omaha, Council Bluffs, and the three counties of Pottawattamie, Sarpy and
Douglas join. These are the major jurisdictions and the jurisdictions in
which sanitary landfill sites are located.
Basically, the Agency will provide two types of service for the area; refuse
disposal and refuse collection, as follows:
1. Refuse disposal - Five Agency owned or leased, managed and
operated landfill sites will be open to anyone wishing to dispose of solid waste.
The description and location and operation of the landfill sites have previously
been discussed in Part III. All vehicles other than automobiles will be charged
a disposal fee, based upon the amount of refuse delivered. It is recommended
that private individuals using automobiles be allowed to use the landfill sites
without charge. A proposed disposal ordinance has been prepared and is
included in this part of the report as Document IV-2.
2. Refuse Collection - In rural Pottawattamie County, one central
sanitary landfill is recommended. To be economical some form of cooperative
collection service should be organized. See Part III for discussion of this
service.
In the event the Agency wishes to provide limited collection service at this
time and expanded service sometime in the future, the Agency may contract
with each member jurisdiction requesting this service, to provide refuse collec-
tion service. The contract would include the method of determining the actual
cost, the type of service, frequency of service and other related items. It is
recommended that each member jurisdiction adopt a refuse collection ordinance,
consistent with collection requirements of the Agency. A proposed collection
ordinance has been prepared and is included in this part of the report as Docu-
ment IV-3.
Initially, a problem would exist in providing collection service in the unincor-
porated areas of the counties. Statutory authority for county refuse collection
is presently not available. It is recommended that county officials request
such legislation during the next session of the legislature. Until such legisla-
tion is available, it is believed that collection service can be provided to most
unincorporated areas on a voluntary basis.
G. FINANCING.
1. Disposal Service.
_a. Revenue Bonds . Initial capital investments and annual
operating revenue will be required for disposal service. It is recommended
that the initial capital investments be financed through revenue bonds. The
IV-10
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DOCUMENT IV-2, Fhge 1
PROPOSED REFUSE DISPOSAL ORDINANCE FOR CITIES CONTRACTING WITH THE OMAHA-
COUNCIL BLUFFS METROPOLITAN AREA SOLID WASTE AGENCY
Ordinance No.
AN ORDINANCE PROVIDING FOR MUNICIPAL DISPOSAL OF GARBAGE AND REFUSE; DEFIN-
ING TERMS; PRESCRIBING RULES AND REGULATIONS THEREFOR; REGULATING THE PRIVATE
DISPOSAL OF GARBAGE AND REFUSE; PROVIDING FOR THE LICENSING AND REGULATION
OF PRIVATE LANDFILL OPERATORS AND DISPOSAL SITES; PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLA-
TION THEREOF; AND REPEALING ORDINANCE NO. AND ALL OTHER ORDINANCES
AND PARTS OF ORDINANCES IN CONFLICT THEREWITH.
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF :
SECTION 1 . For the purpose of this Ordinance the following definitions shall apply;
1 .1 "Agency" shall mean the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Area Solid Waste Agency.
1 .2 "Construction Demolition Waste" shall mean waste building materials and rubble resulting
from the demolition of building structures, pavements and other physical facilities.
) .3 "Garbage" shall mean the solid or semi-solid animal and vegetable waste resulting from the
handling, preparation, cooking and serving of foods, including cans, bottles and cartons in which
it was received and wrappings in which it may be placed for disposal .
1.4 "Person" shall mean any individual, firm, association, syndicate, co-partnership, corporation,
trust, other legal entity having proprietary interest in a premise, or other legal entity having re-
sponsibility for an act.
1 .5 "Health Officer" shall mean (each City, Town, Village and County should indicate who shall
be the Health Officer who shall have responsibility for administering and enforcing this ordinance).
1 .6 "Sanitary Landfill" shall mean a controlled method of disposing of refuse on land without
creating air, land or water pollution or nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, by utilizing
the principles of engineering to confine the refuse to the smallest practical volume, and to cover it
with a layer of earth at the conclusion of each day's operation, or at more frequent intervals as
may be necessary.
1 .7 "Refuse" shall mean unwanted or discarded material resulting from commercial, industrial and
agricultural operations and from normal community activities. Waste refuse includes in part the
following: garbage; rubbish; ashes and other residue after burning; street refuse; dead animals;
animal waste; abandoned vehicles; agricultural, commercial and industrial waste; construction and
demolition waste and sewage treatment residue.
SECTION 2. By virtue of an agreement dated between the City and the Agency, the
Agency has agreed to provide and operate sanitary landfill facilities for and on behalf of the City,
for the disposal of refuse originating within the jurisdiction of the City-
The sanitary landfill facilities operated by the Agency are hereby designated as the official "Publ.ic
Sanitary Landfill" for the disposal of solid waste originating within the jurisdiction of the City.
No other Rjblic Sanitary Landfills are authorized; provided however, any publicly operated facili-
ties or privately operated facilities open to the public, which are in existence and operating at the
time of the effective date of this ordinance may continue to operate until one year after the effec-
tive date of this ordinance.
The Agency is authorized to establish such rules and regulations as may be reasonable and necessary
for the proper operation of the facilities and to modify or amend or extend such rules and regulations
as may be required from time to time.
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Document IV-2, Page 2
The Agency is authorized to establish a schedule of fees to be paid by the users of the facilities,
to cover the cost of owning and operating such facilities and other expense directly related to
said facilities; provided however, said schedule of fees shall be nondiscriminating and shall apply
equally to all users.
SECTION 3. All sanitary landfills within the jurisdiction of the City shall be operated in a sani-
tary, safe and nuisance free manner, and shall comply with all local, state and federal laws and
regulations. In addition to other laws or regulations which may be required the following standards
shall apply:
SANITARY LANDFILL STANDARDS
3.1 Zoning. Sanitary landfills shall be located only in areas zoned to permit such land use.
3.2 Flooding. Sanitary landfills shall be located in places not subject to overflow of streams,
rivers, or water courses; or shall be suitably protected by levees or other control devices to prevent
overflow. The 50 year flood shall be used for design purposes in Urban Areas and the 20 year flood
in Rural Areas.
3.3 Sight Screening. The site operations shall be suitably screened by fences, earthen berms,
natural barriers or landscaping, from view from any ground level point outside the site area that
is within 1320 feet of the filling operation.
3.4 On-Site Access Roads. Access roads shall be provided on the premises of the site which are
readily negotiable by heavy and light vehicles during wet weather.
3.5 Off-Site Access Roads. Access roads leading to the site shall be all weather roads adequate
to carry the expected traffic .
3.6 Personnel Shelter. Suitable shelter and sanitary facilities shall be provided for personnel.
3.7 Quantity Measurements. Sites designed for disposal of refuse, at the rate of 100,000 tons
per year or greater, shall be equipped with motor truck scales and a record of tonnage of waste
disposed of shall be kept. However, the operator may at his option exclude automobiles and/or
pickup trucks and other small vehicles from weighing requirements, provided some alternate and
suitable form or record of waste delivered in these vehicles is maintained.
Sites designed for disposal of refuse at the rate of less than 100,000 tons per year shall determine
the amount of refuse disposed of by weighing of loads or some other suitable method.
All sites shall determine the volume of material filled by physical survey at time increments not
to exceed each 6 months.
3.8 Controlled Access. Access to the fill areas shall be limited to those times when an attendant
is on duty. Positive means shall be provided to limit the access thru the use of fence, gates,
natural barriers or other suitable means.
3.9 Burning Prohibited. No open burning of any kind shall be permitted at a sanitary landfill
site at any time.
3.10 Fire Prevention. Suitable measures shall be taken to prevent accidental fires at site including
but not limited to no smoking regulations and regulations prohibiting loads which may be a fire
hazard. Regulations shall be posted and enforced.
3.11 Control of Fires. Suitable provision shall be made to control and extinguish fires accidentally
started.
A stockpile of cover dirt shall be maintained near the active face to be used to smother fires when
necessary. Also water from mains, tanks or ponds, or suitable water wagon shall be available.
Buildings and equipment shall be equipped with adequate fire extinguishers.
3.12 Unloading. The unloading of refuse shall be under the general direction of an attendant who
shall control the place of deposit.
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Document IV-2, Page 3
3,13 Working Face. The working face of the sanitary landfill shall be confined enough to be
easily maintained with available equipment.
3.14 Litter. Blowing litter shall be controlled by providing fencing near the working area, and
in addition by other fencing, berms, windbreaks, natural barriers or other methods as required to
prevent wind blown litter from leaving the working area and the general site area. Unloading
shall be coordinated with wind direction to reduce wind blown litter. The entire site shall be
kept free of accumulated litter by a combination of prevention and policing.
3.15 Spreading and Compacting. Refuse shall be spread and compacted in shallow layers, not
exceeding a depth of two feet of compacted material. Additional layers shall be placed one upon
another until the depth of fill has reached a predetermined height for that particular daily lift.
3.16 Daily and Intermediate Cover. A uniform compacted layer of at least 6" of suitable cover
material shall be placed on all exposed refuse by the end of each working day. Where a com-
pleted lift is to be left for more than 6 months before the application of another lift, the depth of
cover requirement shall be increased to a minimum of 12" compacted thickness.
3.17 Final Cover. A layer of suitable cover material compacted to a minimum depth of three
feet shall be placed over the entire surface of each portion of the final lift not later than 3 months
following the placement of final lift. This final cover shall be fine graded to the grades established
for the ultimate use of the site. The graded final cover shall be planted to grass or other suitable
ground cover at the earliest reasonable time and watered and maintained to establish an adequate
ground cover.
3.18 Maintenance of Equipment. Provisions shall be made for the routine operational maintenance
of equipment at the landfill site and for prompt repair or replacement- of landfill equipment.
3.19 Special Materials. Special provisions shall be made to handle sewage solids, meat packing
industry waste, bulky wastes or other special or hazardous waste, when such wastes are accepted
at a sanitary landfill. Provisions shall include established standard operating procedures which
shall be known to attendants and posted for public information.
3.20 Vector Control. Conditions unfavorable for the production of insects and rodents shall be
maintained at all times. Supplemental vector control measures shall be instituted when necessary.
3.21 Dust Control. Suitable control measures shall be taken to prevent a nuisance from dust.
3.22 Ground Water. Refuse shall not be placed in locations or at elevations where contact with
ground water is likely and such contact would result in pollution of ground water supplies or other
pollution or nuisance.
3.23 Drainage of Surface Water. The entire site, including the fill surface, shall be graded and/or
provided with drainage facilities to minimize run-off into and onto the fill, prevent erosion or
washing of the fill, drain off rain or other precfpitation falling on the fill, and to prevent the
collection of standing water. The final surface of the fill shall be graded to slope at least 1%,
but no slope shall be so steep as to cause erosion of the cover.
3.24 Animal Feeding. All animals shall be excluded from the site.
3.25 Salvage. No salvaging or scavenging shall be permitted at the site.
3.26 Safety. Site personnel shall be instructed in the principals of first aid and safety and in the
specific operational procedures necessary to prevent accidents. Accident precautionary measures
shall be employed at the site. An adequate stock of first aid supplies shall be maintained at the
site.
3.27 Communications. Telephone or radio communication shall be provided at or near the sanitary
landfill site.
3.28 Initial Development of Site. Prior to filling any waste, the initial development of the site
must have been completed. Initial development shall include the following: roads, grading, '
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Document IV-2, Page 4
drainage, utilities, structures, fencing, berms, sight screening and litter control fencing. During
the first planting season initial landscaping and ground cover shall be established.
3.29 Operational Plan. Prior to filling any waste, an operational plan must be prepared. This
plan shall show the intended filling of the site and shall include layout and elevation of lifts,
sequences, sources and quantities of cover material, drainage, temporary roads and final develop-
ment of the site.
3.30 Operational Records and Plan Execution. A daily log shall be maintained showing location,
type and quantity of material being placed in the fill. A copy of the plan, specifications, instruc-
tions and other documents showing how the filling is to be carried out shall be maintained at the
site. Lines, grades, and other control devices shall be placed in the fill area prior to filling and
shall be maintained as required to provide a visual reference for equipment operators.
SECTION 4. Any person may establish and operate a private sanitary landfill for the disposal of
his own solid wastes provided he shall have first applied for and received a permit from the city
designating his site a "Licensed Private Sanitary Landfill" and may continue to do so as long as the
permit shall remain in force and the site is operated in accordance with the provisions of this ordi-
nance.
Licensed Private Sanitary Landfill sites shall be used for the exclusive purpose of disposing of the
site operator's own waste and shall not be open to any segment of the general public nor to any
other private source of waste .
It shall be unlawful for any person to receive payment of any kind, or request payment of any kind,
for the disposal of any garbage or refuse at a private licensed sanitary landfill site. The charging
of a fee for the collection and disposal of any garbage or refuse from a customer by a private refuse
collector shall not be construed as a violation of this Section since the disposal is considered to be
incidental to the total collection and disposal service, provided however, such collection and
disposal shall be conducted entirely by forces and with equipment owned or operated by the private
refuse collector.
The issue of this permit shall be in the manner prescribed by the City and subject to all other appli-
cable Ordinances of the City. Application permits shall include all necessary data to show that
the landfill will be operated in accordance with the Sanitary Landfill Standards included in Sec-
tion 3. Included in part must be: a topographic map of the existing land; preliminary plans of the
initial development; preliminary operation plans; sources of cover material; equipment proposed
for use and other data as may be required. Also included shall be.an agreement by the applicant
to maintain his landfill site and the vicinity in a safe and sanitary manner, to allow no public
nuisance, and to provide a responsible person who will be in constant attendance during the hours
of active operation; agreement to operate his landfill in accordance with all local, county, state
and federal regulations and to permit access to the landfill site by any health officer or govern-
mental representative or agent who may have jurisdiction for the purposes of inspection.
An annual license fee of $300.00 per year shall be paid to the City for each location at which a
landfill is conducted.
If any private landfill operation is found to be conducted in a way detrimental to the health and
welfare of the public, or contrary to provisions of this ordinance, the Health Officer shall notify
the operator in writing of the objectionable conditions and give him a reasonable time to correct
said conditions. After proper notice, the City is authorized to enter upon the premises and use
any of the City's forces and equipment, or those of the landfill operator, or hire forces and equip-
ment to correct the objectionable conditions. The same shall be considered of benefit to the Owner
of the land and the cost of such corrective action shall be chargeable to the Owner, and if not paid,
shall constitute a lien upon the premises and shall be collected in the same manner as taxes as pro-
vided by law.
SECTION 5. Any person may establish and operate a private landfill for the disposal of "Construc-
tion Demolition Waste" originating from the operator's own demolition work, provided he shall
have first applied for and received a permit from the City designating his site a "Licensed Private
Landfill, " and may do so as long as the permit shall remain in force and the site is operated in
accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance.
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Document IV-2, Page 5
Licensed Private Landfill sites shall be used for the exclusive purpose of disposing of the site
operator's own waste and shall not be open to any segment of the general public nor to any other
private source of waste.
It shall be unlawful for any person to receive payment of any kind or request payment of any kind
for the disposal of any construction demolition waste at a Private Landfill site. The charging of
a fee for demolition and disposal of a structure or pavement or other physical facility shall not be
considered as a violation of this section since the disposal is considered to be incidental to such
demolition and disposal service provided demolition and disposal shall be conducted entirely by
forces and with equipment owned or operated by the site operator.
The issuance of this permit shall be in a manner prescribed by the City and subject to all other
applicable Ordinances of the City.
Applications for permits shall include all necessary data to show that the landfill will be operated
in accordance with the Sanitary Landfill Standandards included in Section 3 except the provision
for On-Site Roads, Quantity Measurements, Unloading, Daily & Intermediate Cover, Special
Materials, Animal Feeding, and Operation Records and Plan Execution shall not be required.
In lieu of the daily and Intermediate Cover requirements as written, the operator shall be required
to comply with this standard only for that part of the material which is combustible or which is
subject to being scattered by the wind causing wind blown litter.
Included in part must be: a topographic map of the existing land; preliminary plan for the initial
development; preliminary operation plans; sources of cover material; equipment proposed for use
and other data as may be required. Also included shall be an agreement by the applicant to main-
tain his landfill site and the vicinity in a safe and sanitary manner, to allow no public nuisance, and
to provide a responsible person who will be in constant attendance during the hours of active opera-
tion; agreement to operate his landfill in accordance with all local, county, state and federal regu-
lations and to permit access to the landfill site by any health officer or governmental representative
or agent who may have jurisdiction for the purposes of inspection.
An annual license fee of $300.00 per year shall be paid to the City for each location at which a
landfill is conducted.
If any private landfill operation is found to be conducted in a way detrimental to the health and
welfare of the public, or contrary to provisions of this ordinance, the Health Officer shall notify
the operator in writing of the objectionable conditions and give him a reasonable time to correct
said conditions. After proper notice, the City is authorized to enter upon the premises and use
any of the City's forces and equipment, or those of the landfill operator, or hire forces and equip-
ment, to correct the objectionable conditions. The same shall be considered of benefit to the Owner
of the land and the cost of such corrective action shall be chargeable to the Owner, and if not paid,
shall constitute a lien upon the premises and shall be collected in the same manner as taxes as pro-
vided by law.
SECTION 6. No person shall dispose of garbage or refuse of any kind upon any land within the
jurisdiction of the City, except as provided in Section 5, unless such land has been designated
by the City as a "Licensed Private Sanitary Landfill" or a "Public Sanitary Landfill" and then only
in compliance with posted or published instructions or at the direction of an attendant in charge.
SECTION 7. Nothing in this ordinance shall apply to the filling, leveling or grading of land with
earth, sand, ashes, cinders, slag, gravel, rock, or similar inert wastes, provided these materials
are not contaminated or mixed with other waste materials; nor to the disposal of animal and agri-
cultural wastes on farm land.
SECTION 8. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to sell or offer for sale, or to
install or offer to install, any device intended for use as a garbage or refuse burner or incinerator;
except when the intended user of such a device has secured a license to operate such a device from
the City, or when the device will be operated by or for the City.
SECTION 9. It shall be unlawful for any person to burn or incinerate or permit the burning or in-
cineration of any garbage or refuse within the jurisdiction of the City. This section shall apply to
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Document IV-2, Fbge 6
all garbage and refuse as defined, and shall specifically include all waste paper, boxes, market
waste, garden wastes, trees, tree limbs, leaves and any and all materials other than materials used
as a fuel in a furnace or boiler.
This section shall not apply to any incinerator operated under a license granted by the City or any
incinerator operated by or for the City, or any burning conducted under the direction of the Fire
Department of the City.
SECTION 10. It shall be the duty of the Health Officer and all police officers of the City to en-
force the provisions of this ordinance.
SECTION 11 . Ordinance No. and all ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with this
ordinance are hereby repealed.
SECTION 12. If any section, subsection, sentence or part of this ordinance is for any reason held
to be invalid or unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining por-
tions of this ordinance.
SECTION 13. Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall upon conviction
be subject to a fine of not more than $100.00 or to imprisonment for not more than 30 days.
SECTION 14. This Ordinance shall be in full force and effect from and after its passage and
publication as provided by low.
PASSED AND AFP ROVED this day of , 19
Mayor
Attest:
City Clerk
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DOCUMENT IV-3, fbge 1
PROPOSED REFUSE COLLECTION ORDINANCE FOR CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES CONTRACT-
ING WITH THE OMAHA-COUNCIL BLUFFS METROPOLITAN SOLID WASTE AGENCY
Ordinance No.
AN ORDINANCE PROVIDING FOR MUNICIPAL COLLECTION OF GARBAGE AND REFUSE;
DEFINING TERMS: PRESCRIBING RULES AND REGULATIONS THEREFOR; REGULATING THE
PRIVATE COLLECTION OF GARBAGE AND REFUSE; PROVIDING FOR THE LICENSING AND
REGULATION OF PRIVATE GARBAGE AND REFUSE COLLECTORS; PRESCRIBING RULES AND
REGULATIONS FOR HAULSNG GARBAGE, REFUSE AND OTHER WASTE MATERIALS WITHIN OR
THROUGH THE CITY; PROHIBITING THE DEPOSIT OF LITTER WITHIN THE CITY; PROVIDING
PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION THEREOF; AND REPEALING ORDINANCE NO.
AND ALL OTHER ORDINANCES AND PARTS OF ORDINANCES IN CONFLICT THEREWITH.
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
SECTION 1: For the purpose of this Ordinance the following definitions shall apply:
1.1 "Agency" shall mean the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Area Solid Waste Agency.
1.2 "Person" shall mean any individual, firm, association, syndicate, co-partnership, corporation,
trust, other legal entity having proprietary interest in a premise, or other legal entity having
responsibility for an act.
1.3 "Garbage" shall mean the solid or semi-solid animal and vegetable waste resulting from the
handling, preparation, cooling and serving of foods, including cans, bottles and cartons in which
it was received and wrappings in which it may be placed for disposal.
1.4 "Refuse" shall mean all solid waste from residential, commercial or industrial premises. It
shall include semi-liquid or wet wastes with insufficient moisture and other liquid contents to be
free flowing. It shall not include any construction materials except minor amounts incidental
to other wastes.
1.5 "Health Office" shall mean (each city, Town, Village and County should indicate who shall
be the Health Officer, who shall have responsibility for administering and enforcing this ordinance.)
SECTION 2: By virtue of an agreement dated between the City and the Agency,
the Agency has agreed to provide garbage and refuse collection and disposal service for and on
behalf of the City, to remove all garbage and refuse from (specify who is to receive service;
i.e., dwellings, commercial, etc.) located within the City, subject to the following conditions:
2.1 Collections shall be made not less than (specify number of times per week) a week, at such
time and in such areas of the City as shall be set out in schedules agreed upon by the City and the
Agency.
2.2 The City and the Agency are authorized and empowered, jointly, to change or amend such
schedules from time to time as they, in their discretion, shall deem necessary.
2.3 Collections may be made either from streets or alleys, where existing, at the discretion of
the Agency personnel.
2.4 Containers shall be placed out-of-doors at some easily accessible place.
2.5 (Specify other conditions as necessary.)
SECTION 3. Refuse containers and garbage containers shall not be more than 30 gallons nor less
than 10 gallons in nominal capacity; except where only one container is used, in which case this
containers may be less than 10 gallons in capacity. Containers shall be waterproof, rat proof,
and fitted with a tight lid. The containers shall have handles, bails or other suitable lifting devices
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Document IV-3, Page 2
or features. The containers shall be of a type originally manufactured for refuse or garbage, with
tapered sides for easy emptying. They shall be of light weight and sturdy construction. The
weight of any individual container and contents shall not exceed 65 pounds. Galvanized iron and
similar metal containers, rubber or fiberglass containers, and plastic containers which do not become
brittle in cold weather may be used. Disposable bags manufactuied for garbage and refuse disposal
in suitable frames or containers shall be acceptable. Oil or grease drums, paint cans, and similar
salvaged containers shall not be acceptable.
3.1 All refuse and garbage shall be placed in suitable containers; except, it shall not be necessary
to place books, boxes, magazines, or newspapers in containers provided they are securely tied in
bundles or completely contained in disposable boxes not larger than 24 x 24 x 36 inches. Also
tree limbs and brush may be securely tied in bundles not larger than 48 inches long and 18 inches
in diameter.
3.2 Baskets, boxes and non-complying refuse or garbage cans or containers shall be considered
disposable refuse and shall be removed by the Agency collection crews if they are the proper size
and otherwise acceptable for collection; or shall be left uncollecred if they are larger than the
allowable size or unacceptable for collection.
3.3 Large bulky items such as furniture, large tree limbs and appliances that cannot be reduced
to fit approved containers, will not be collected. (City to specify alternate collection if
desired.)
SECTION 4. Within the corporate limits of the City, all garbage or refuse, consisting of waste
animal and vegetable matter, which may attract flies, dogs or rodents, shall be drained of all
excess liquid, wrapped in paper or disposable containers, and placed or stored, until collected,
in covered suitable containers as described in Section 3.
SECTION 5. It shall be unlawful for any person to permit to accumulate on any premises, improved
or vacant, or on any public place in the City, such quantities of garbage or refuse, either in
containers or not, that shall, in the opinion of the Health Officer, constitute a health or sanitation
hazard.
SECTION 6. It shall be unlawful for any person to permit to accumulate quantities of refuse,
papers, trash, ashes, or other waste materials, within or close to any building in the City, unless
the same is stored in containers in such a manner as not to create a health or fire hazard.
SECTION 7. No person shall engage in the business of removing or hauling garbage or refuse from
the premises of others unless such person shall have first applied for and received a permit to do so
from the City. Application for such permit shall specify the equipment or vehicles to be used,
general information concerning the route to be traveled and the places to be served, and the name
and address of the applicant. Such person shall pay an annual license fee of Fifty Dollars (50.00)
per year for each vehicle engaged in such business to be paid at the office of the City Clerk.
Such permit fee shall be payable commencing on the day of
19 , and shall be renewable each year thereafter"All vehicles licensed under this section shall
prominently display the license number on the left and right sides of the vehicle in letters not less
than 3" high.
SECTION 8. Any person authorized and licensed by the Agency to remove or haul, garbage or
refuse, shall be considered to have met the provisions of Section 7, and no further permit or license
shall be required by the City.
SECTION 9. No person shall haul any garbage or refuse upon the streets, alleys or public places
of the City, unless the same shall be in approved containers, securely fastened to prevent spillage,
or in a totally enclosed water tight vehicle. If, however, the material is a dry type material, it
may be hauled in a totally enclosed vehicle, or open vehicle which is covered with a suitable
tight fitting canvas tarpaulin or similar cover to prevent spillage. Licensed collectors who collect
and haul garbage and/or refuse shall haul these materials only in totally enclosed vehicles with
water tight containers. All vehicles used for rhe collection and removal of garbage and refuse
shall be kept in a clean, inoffensive and sanitary condition. All garbage and refuse shall be
handled in such a way as to prevent the scattering, spilling or leakage of same.
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Document IV-3, Page 3
SECTION 10. No person shall haul or cause to be hauled any garbage, refuse or other waste
material of any kind, to any dumping place or site or area, within or without the corporate limits
of the City, unless such place, site or area is first licensed by the City, or is an Agency operated
sanitary landfill site; in addition to complying with all applicable health and zoning ordinances of
the City.
SECTION 11. No person shall deposit in a garbage or refuse container or otherwise offer for
Agency collection any hazardous garbage, refuse, or waste. Hazardous materials shall be trans-
ported by the owner, responsible person or his agent, to a place of safe deposit or disposal as
prescribed by the Health Officer or his authorized representative. Hazardous materials shall
include: Explosive materials; rags or other waste soaked in volatile and inflammable materials;
drugs; poisons; radio active materials, highly combustible materials; soiled dressings, clothing,
bedding and/or other wastes, contaminated by infection or contagious disease, and other materials
which may present a special hazard to collection or disposal personnel or equipment or to the public.
SECTION 12. No person shall throw, rake, deposit, dump, drop or spill litter, waste material
or foreign material upon the streets, sidewalks, or other public rights-of-way within the City.
However, the Mayor may at his discretion proclaim a period when leaves may be placed in street
right-of-ways for collection.
SECTION 13. It shall be the duty of the Health Officer and all police officers of the City to
enforce the provision of this ordinance.
SECTION 14. Ordinance No. and all ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict
with this ordinance are hereby repealed.
SECTION 15. If any section, subsection, sentence or part of this ordinance is for any reason held
to be invalid or unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining
portions of this ordinance.
SECTION 16. Any person, firm or corporation violating any of the provisions of this ordinance
shall upon conviction be subject to a fine of not more than $100.00 or to imprisonment for not more
than 30 days.
SECTION 17. This Ordinance shall be in full force and effect from and after its passage and
publication as provided by law.
PASSED AND APPROVED this day of , 19 .
Mayor
Attest:
City Clerk
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required annual operating revenue and debt service on the bonds can be raised
from fees charged by the Agency for disposal services rendered to the member
comrn unities.
The details of the financing should be worked out by financial consultants at
the proper time. In this section, the revenue requirements and the fees
necessary to meet these requirements are summarized.
Bond authorities informally doubt that the Agency, created under the provisions
of Chapter 28E, Code of Iowa and provisions of Chapter 23, Article 22 of the
Statutes of Nebraska would have the specific authority to issue bonds of any
kind. Apparently this matter has not been necessary to date nor tested in any
court. It would be beneficial if this authority were added to the provisions of
the two state laws. Without such specific authority, potential bond buyers
would be reluctant to purchase the bonds. As an alternative it has been
suggested that a declaratory judgment be requested from appropriate courts,
stating that the authority to issue bonds is implied in the language of the laws
and that an Agency so organized has such authority. The decision on this
matter should be made by competent legal counsel. In any case, specific
legislation should be requested granting this authority to the Agency.
In the event the Agency cannot issue revenue bonds in the name of the Agency,
it is recommended that one of the member municipalities issue the bonds under
its own authority. The capital investments made with the bond proceeds would
be held in the name of the municipality, at least until the bonds were paid.
Meanwhile, land, improvements and equipment purchased with the bond pro-
ceeds would be leased to the Agency. The lease agreement and a pledge of
the required funds from fees would be used as security to back the revenue
bonds.
Revenue bonds do not affect the general bonding power of the municipality.
They are not included in statutory debt limits nor are they an obligation of the
municipality. Revenue bonds are secured only by the revenue produced by the
activity for which they were issued.
We suggest that the City of Omaha should be the municipality to issue the
revenue bonds for the needed capital associated with the four sites in the urban
area. Sites 3 and 7 are within Omaha's political jurisdiction. Sites 1 and 5
are within the political jurisdiction of Sarpy County and Council Bluffs res-
pectively. Omaha should enter into specific contractual agreements with
these two jurisdictions to maintain proper access to these sites and assure
their continued use. Omaha has need for these four sites and has the authority
to issue revenue bonds. It is also in the interest of Omaha to provide facilities
in excess of their own needs, to obtain a larger operation, and thus a more
economical operation, resulting in a lower unit cost. The sites recommended
are placed in such a position to be used economically by waste producers other
than Omaha.
IV-20
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Wt: suggest one of the cities in eastern Pottawattamie County issue the
necessary revenue bonds to finance Site No. 8.
b. Operating Revenue. Operating revenue and debt service
for bonds can be obtained from fees charged to the users of the sites. Initial
operating funds may be obtained from assessments to the member municipalities
dnd.from the pre-sale of disposal fee coupons or tickets.
j;. Revenue Required. The amount of revenue required for
annual operating expense and debt service is summarized in Table IV-1. The
cost estimates from which this table was prepared are explained in Part III.
D.4. of this report.
The bond issue requirements for the anticipated one time capital investment
are as follows:
Urban Sites 1, 3, 5 & 7 $ Z, 034, 000
Rural Site 8 83,000
Total $ 2, 117,000
The total revenue requirement, including debt service, debt service reserve
and annual expenses is estimated to be $949, 100 per year for the first year
(1970).
TABLE IV-1
REVENUE REQUIREMENT AND INCOME FOR
AGENCY DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
A. REVENUE REQUIREMENTS
1 . First Year, 1970
_a. Fixed Cost $408,800
b. Variable Cost 466,500
_£. Debt Service Reserve 73, 800
Total Revenue Required $ 949, 100
2. Fourth Year, 1973
_a. Fixed Cost $408,800
_b. Variable Cost 429,200
_c. Debt Service Reserve 73, 800
Total Revenue Required $ 911,800
B. INCOME
1. First Year, 1970
751,200 Tons @ $1.40/Ton = $1, 051, 700
2. Fourth Year, 1973
691, 000 Tons @ $1.40/Ton - $ 967,400
IV-21
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Q- Income: . It will be necessary to provide income which
is equal to the required revenue shown in Table IV-1. This income will be
provided from fees charged to the users of the facilities. The expected in-
come is shown in Table IV-1.
e_. Disposal Fees . The disposal operation should be
i omplc-tely self-supporting by charging fees from the users of the facilities.
Several systems for charging of fees are possible and are explained in the
Appendix in Exhibit IV-1. The recommended system is based on the weight
of material brought to the site in each vehicle. This requires scales and
scale operators which are included in the estimates for Sites 3, 5 and 7. In
the case of the Rural Site No. 8, such a small operation could not justify the
expense of the use of truck scales. Therefore we recommend a fee based on
volume of refuse be used which would be equivalent to the fee per ton charged
at the other sites. Also, in the early years of operation of Urban Site No. 1,
there would be insufficient waste to justify scales. We recommend a volu-
metric fee system for this site for the first several years. .
The proposed fees are developed and explained in Part III.D.7. of this report.
2. Collection System. The scope of this report does not include
collection of solid waste; however we have briefly discussed in Part III of
this report, the collection of certain solid wastes in the rural communities
of eastern Pottawattarnie County. We have also included collection of solid
waste in the purpose and powers of the Agency. If the Agency would elect
to provide collection service at this time the capital cost and operating ex-
pense could be billed to those communities being served.
We recommend that collection service and disposal service be treated as two
separate and distinct operations and that separate accounting be provided for
the necessary funds.
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_H. INTERIM ACTIVITIES. While the Agency is being formed an interim
director should be appointed to guide the formation of the Agency, the prelim-
inary work on financing and legislative problems, and the selection and hiring
of«a qualified permanent director. It would be desirable if the permanent
director could be hired and the Agency brought into being within a few months.
The Agency has many activities which must be accomplished prior to starting
collection or disposal of solid waste. Once the director is hired the following
items should be accomplished;
1. Review the report recommendations and prepare a detailed
statement of policy. There are several recommendations which the member
municipalities may wish to modify and several which are stated in general
terms, which must be defined in light of the particular needs of the members.
2. Review the report and make adjustments where necessary
after it has been determined which municipalities have agreed to join the
Agency.
3. With the aid of fiscal and legal consultants prepare the financ-
ing and legislative procedures, and pursue these matters at the proper time.
4. Conduct sanitary landfill site investigations and select the
specific parcels of land to purchase.
5. Design the initial development of the sites which have been
selected.
6. Assist the member municipalities in the interim improvements
to their disposal facilities and the necessary arrangements to close the sites
which are not to be continued.
7. Determine the total equipment needs of the Agency as formed.
Those needs will include leased equipment from those members with surplus
equipment and. new equipment. Prepare cost estimates for the purchase of
equipment not being leased and cost estimates and schedules for initial purchase
of equipment as leased equipment is replaced with Agency owned equipment.
8. Plan for the staffing of the Agency with regard for the employees
now working in collection and disposal divisions in the member communities,
and the recruitment and hiring of new personnel.
9. Prepare standard operating procedures, job descriptions,
operating instructions and policies of the Agency which are pertinent to the
operation of the collection and disposal services.
10. Plan the now collection routes which may be required to m«:et
the needs of requested collection service, if the Agency decides to provide such
service.
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11. Determine the new revenue requirements and projected income
based on actual conditions which will prevail at the time of operation.
IZ. Prepare all of the details for the orderly commencement of
operation.
1'i. Assist in the sale of revenue bonds to produce the necessary '
initial capital.
14. Purchase the land and equipment, construct the necessary
improvements, acquire the personnel.
15. Place the Agency into operation.
Part of the interim activities will require the assistance of specialists and
consultants. Where there are member municipalities which have the required
specialists on their staff and their duties will permit, these staff members may
be used to advantage. It will probably be necessary to hire bond consultants
in connection with the issuance of revenue bonds and engineering consultants
to assist in the details of site selection and initial site development.
To finance the interim activities, it is recommended that an initial budget
based upon per capita membership be paid to the Agency by the joining members.
This budget should include funds for the support of the director and his staff,
required consultants and the initial operating funds for disposal facilities.
I STATE LEGISLATION
1. Financing and Eminent Domain. The State Legislation upon
which the recommended Agency would be formed is described in Section C of
this Part IV of the report. There are two areas in which the existing legislation
is inadequate, i. e. ; there is no specific provision for the Agency to issue the
required revenue bonds for the long-term capital financing and there is no
specific provision for the agency to exercise the right of eminent domain.
To overcome the first deficiency, we have recommended in Section G, Part IV
that the necessary revenue bonds be issued by a member municipality. To
overcome the second defiency, the exercise of eminent domain, if condemnation
became necessary, could be accomplished by the member municipality in
whose jurisdiction the site was located.
It would be helpful if revenue financing and eminent domain authority were
specifically provided in the laws of both Nebraska and Iowa.
In a solid waste report prepared for the metropolitan area of Des Moines in
1968, we recommended a similar agency be created under the provisions of
Chapter 28E of the Iowa Code. We also recommended that the new agency
IV-24
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pursue the problems of revenue bond financing and eminent domain with the
State legislature. At the time of the final writing of this report, the Iowa
Legislature has passed the required legislation. The language of the act can
be found in Senate File 482. We recommend legislation be passed in the State
of Nebraska which would have the same effect as that found in the language of
the Iowa bill.
2. Authority of the Various Subdivisions of the State In various
places in the statutes of Iowa and Nebraska, authority has been given to cities
of the several classes, towns, villages and counties, to provide for the collec-
tion or disposal of solid waste or both. In some cases this was accomplished by
adding solid waste or words meaning solid waste to a list of other subjects
covered; and in others, authority was specifically designated for solid waste
matters. Some provisions specifically state "removal or disposal of garbage"
whereas in other cases "disposal" is stated and it is presumed that "removal"
is implied. In some cases there are controls on taxes and requirements for
referendums and in others there are not.
As a practical matter, most communities can probably find adequate authority
either expressed or implied to provide some form of collection and disposal
of solid waste. It would be helpful, however, if adequate state laws concerning
solid waste matters were available that granted broad specific powers to all
cities, towns, villages and counties. This is particularly true when several
political subdivisions of various classes join together to solve solid waste
problems through an area wide agency approach such as is contemplated in
this report because the Agency cannot do anything for a member municipality
which the member does not have the authority to do for itself.
We have prepared a Proposed Solid Waste Disposal Act in the form of a bill
which brings together under one title the authority for all cities, towns,
villages and counties to handle solid waste problems. This proposed bill is
enclosed in this Part IV of the report as Document IV-4. This bill contains
provisions that we believe to be necessary and desirable from a viewpoint
of public works, sanitation and solid waste management. It should be
reviewed by competent legal counsel for matters of law and individual state
constitution requirements.
As an alternate to this proposed act, we would recommend the various statutes
of Iowa and Nebraska concerning solid waste matters be compared to the
provisions in thia act and the existing statutes be revised where necessary
and desirable.
As a further alternate and as a minimum, we would recommend the following
specific revisions:
a. Collection of Garbage and Refuse in Iowa Cities and
Towns , In Section 368. 24 - Garbage and Refuse Disposal of the Iowa Code,
the power to establish a schedule of fees for garbage collection and certain
IV-2 5
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DOCUMENT IV-4, Page 1 PROPOSED SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
A BILL FOR AN ACT
RELATING TO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL POWERS AND DUTIES, FINANCING THEREFOR:
FIXING RATES AND CHARGES, COLLECTION THEREOF; CONTRACTING WITH PRIVATE
PARTIES; SETTING MINIMUM STANDARDS, VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES THEREFOR.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF (IOWA) (NEBRASKA):
SECTION 1. DEFINITIONS. Subdivision 1 . As used in Section 1 to 15, the terms defined in
this section have the meaning given them, except as otherwise provided or indicated by the context.
Subd. 2. "Solid Waste." "Waste" is unwanted or discarded material resulting from commercial,
industrial and agricultural operations and normal community activities. Waste include solids,
liquids and gases. Wastes which are solid or semi-solid containing insufficient liquid to be free
flowing are classed as solid waste. Solid Waste is refuse and includes in part the following:
garbage; rubbish; ashes and other residue after burning; street refuse; dead animals, animal waste;
abandoned vehicles; agricultural, commercial and industrial waste; construction and demolition
waste; and sewage treatment residue.
Subd. 3. "Solid Waste Disposal" means the storage, removal and collection of solid waste from
public and private property, and its transportation to disposal facilities and its ultimate disposal
by landfill, sanitary landfill, composting, incineration or other authorized and approved methods.
Subd. 4. "Facilities" means all or any vehicles, mechanical apparatus, equipment, machinery,
incinerators, plants, buildings, structures, shop or office space, furniture and equipment, public
or private grounds, purchased, leased, erected, constructed, or otherwise permanently or
temporarily acquired, for the storage removal, collection, transportation and disposal of solid
wastes.
Subd. 5. "Sanitary Landfill" is a controlled method of disposing of refuse on land without creating
air, land or water pollution or nuisances or hazards to public health, welfare or safety, by
utilizing the principles of engineering to confine the refuse to the smallest practical volume, and
to cover it with a layer of earth at the conclusion of each day's operation, or at such more
frequent intervals as may be necessary.
Subd. 6. "Landfill" is the same as a sanitary landfill, except cover material is applied from time
to time as required, instead of daily or more frequently. To be acceptable, landfills must be
restricted to inert, non-combustible, non-putrescible solid waste materials.
Subd. 7. "Incineration" is the controlled process of burning solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous
combustible wastes in an enclosed device, producing an inoffensive gas and a sterile residue
containing little or no combustible material. The process is used to reduce the volume
of waste material or to change the characteristics of hazardous wastes to a safer form.
Subd. 8. "Pollution" is the contamination of any air, water, or land so as to create a nuisance
or render such air, water or land unclean or noxious, or impure so as to be actually or potentially
harmful or detrimental or injurious to public health, safety or welfare, to domestic, commercial,
industrial or recreational use, or to livestock, wild animals, birds, fish, or other aquatic life
or to plant life.
Subd. 9. "Municipality" for the purpose of sections 1 to 15 means a city of any class, town,
village, or a county representing its unorganized territory, town or other governmental subdivision,
however organized.
Subd. 10. "Governing Body" means the board, council, trustees, commission, or other body of the
municipality charged with the general control of its financial affairs; provided, that where the
charter or law under which a municipality is organized confers bond issuing power or contracting
authority on a particular boarder body, such board or body is the governing body under the
provisions of sections 1 to 15.
IV-26
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Document IV-4, Page 2
SECTION 2. DISPOSAL FACILITIES; AUTHORITY. Any municipality is hereby authorized and
empowered to collect and remove solid waste from public and private property, and to transport
and dispose of solid waste, and for these purposes is authorized and empowered (1) to acquire
by gift, lease, purchase, or condemnation as provided by law, any land or interest in land, within
or outside of the municipality, on which the governing body deems suitable to establish or operate
facilities for the collection, transportation and disposal of solid wastes; (2) to purchase, lease,
establish, erect, or construct facilities on such site or sites; (3) to enlarge, improve, repair,
supervise, control, maintain and operate such facilities for disposal of solid waste; (4) to purchase
or lease materials, equipment and machinery necessary in connection with the operation and
maintenance of facilities for removal, collection, transportation and disposal of solid wastes;
(5) to employ such personnel as may be necessary for the care, maintenance and operation of such
facilities.
SECTION 3. BONDS AND TAXATION.
Subd. 1 . The governing body of a municipality, however organized, is hereby authorized and
empowered for the purpose designated in Section 2 of this Act, or for refunding bonds, to issue,
from time to time as needed, the negotiable bonds of the municipality to the amount authorized
by the governing body.
Subd. 2. The bonds shall be issued, negotiated, and sold in the manner and subject to the conditions
prescribed by the (list the appropriate statute provision or recite new provision as required)- -
— , as heretofore or hereafter amended, so far as applicable to the municipality issuing bonds,
except as herein otherwise expressly provided, and may levy all taxes necessary therefore. Such
bonds and interest thereon and the expense of issuance thereof may be paid out of the proceeds of
tax levies or out of revenue from fees or other sources, or both, and the governing body may pledge
any such proceeds or revenues thereto.
Subd. 3.
(1) Nothing herein contained shall preclude a municipality from issuing revenue bonds for the pur-
poses set forth under Section 2 of this Act, or to refund bonds. Such revenue bonds shall not impose
any general liability upon the municipality but shall be secured only out of revenues derived from
the charges as provided in Section 4. Such charges for solid waste disposal service shall be suf-
ficient, at all times, to pay the cost of operation and mai ntenance thereof and to pay the principal
of and the interest upon all revenue bonds issued, and to carry out all covenants that may be provided
in the ordinance authorizing the issuance of any such bonds.
(2) Revenue bonds shall be issued, negotiated and sold in the manner and subject to the conditions
prescribed by the (list the appropriate statute provisions or recite new provisions as
required)— , as heretofore or hereafter amended, so far as applicable to the municipality issuing
the bonds, except as herein otherwise expressly provided.
Subd. 4.
(1) The governing body of any municipality may levy taxes for any solid waste disposal purpose on
all property taxable within the municipality. Any taxes, levied or to be levied, and any bonds or
other evidences of indebtedness Issued or to be issued for the purposes designated in Section 2 of
this act, or any part thereof, shall not be subject to any limitation of a charter or state law and shall
be excluded in computing amounts subject to any limitation on tax levies, bonded indebtedness or
other indebtedness and the governing or managing body and the proper officers of the municipality
concerned shall have the power and it shall be their duty to levy such taxes and issue such bonds
and take such other lawful actions as may be appropriate and necessary to provide funds to meet the
cost of accomplishing such purposes, notwithstanding any such limit and without any election or
referendum therefor.
(2) A recital in any bond, or tax levy, that the same is issued or made for the purposes of a solid
waste disposal facility or facilities, or any part thereof, is not subject to any provisions of law pre-
scribing limits or requiring an election or referendum therefore, and shall be prima facie evidence
thereof and that all requirements of law relating thereto have been complied with. In any suit,
action, or proceedings involving the validity or enforceability of any bonds of a municipality or the
security therefor, any such bond reciting in substance that it has been issued by the municipality to
aid in financing a solid waste disposal facility or facilities, or any part thereof, shall be conclusively
deemed to have been issued for such purpose, and in compliance with all requirements of the law
relating thereto.
IV-27
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Document IV-4, Page 3
(3) For any solid waste disposal purpose, a municipality may levy taxes in anticipation of need and
the provisions of this subdivision shall be applicable so far as appropriate to any such anticipatory
levy. If such a tax is levied in anticipation of need, the purpose must be specified in the resolution
of the governing body directing the levy, and proceeds of the tax must be used only for that purpose,
and until used the proceeds shall be retained in a separate fund, or invested, as surplus in a sinking
fund may be invested under - — (list appropriate statute provisions or recite new provisions as
required) .
Subd. 5. In exercising power and authority under Sections 1 to 15, the action of the governing
body of any municipality shall not be subject to approval of a board of estimate and taxation, nor
subject to the provisions of a charter prescribing a particular method of authorizing issuance of bonds.
SECTION 4. EQUITABLE CHARGES FOR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SERVICES . Any municipality
which has established and is operating, or which is proceeding to establish, or which may hereafter
establish facilities for, or contracts for removal, collection, transporation or disposal of solid waste,
in addition to all other powers granted to it, shall have authority, by an ordinance duly adopted by
the governing body thereof, to charge just and reasonable rates or charges for such services, and to
obligate the owners, lessees, or occupants of all property served to pay the cost of solid waste disposal
service to their respective properties. These rates or charges shall take into account the character,
kind, and quality of the service and of the solid waste, method of disposition, number of people
served at each place of collection, and all other factors that enter into cost of service, including
interest on principal, investments, amortization of principal, depreciation, and other overhead
charges upon facilities owned and operated by the municipality or later acquired for such use. Such
rates or charges when fixed may be billed in such manner as the governing body may determine, or
added to and collected with water bills or bills for sewage disposal rendered to owners, lessees or
occupants of property.
SECTION 5. FIXING RATES; PUBLICATION OF ORDINANCE. Before any rates or charges for
solid waste disposal service are fixed under the authority of Section 4, the ordinance establishing
such rates or charges shall be published or posted as by law provided, and shall set forth the rates or
charges for each type of service, and shall contain a notice to all persons or parties interested that
the same will be considered at a public hearing not less than three weeks from the publication or
posting of said ordinance as required by law, upon which date a public hearing shall be conducted
by the governing body at which any person affected by any rate or charge shall be given an oppor-
tunity to be heard as to the rate or charge he will be called upon to pay. The proposed ordinance
may be amended by the governing body before enactment in any manner not inconsistent with the
terms of the notice of hearing thereon . Said ordinance and the rates or charges established therein
as proposed or as amended, shall take effect upon publication or posting of the ordinance as required
by law, or at such later date as shall be fixed by such ordinance. Like procedure shall be followed
before the establishment of any change in such rates or charges. Every ordinance upon enactment
shall be signed, attested, filed, published or posted, and recorded as provided by law for enactment
of ordinances.
SECTION 6. CHARGES; TAX LIEN ON LAND; COLLECTION. The rates, or charges for solid waste
disposal service shall be a charge against the premises from which solid waste is collected, and the
owner, lessee, or occupant of the premises, or against any or all of them; and any such claim for
unpaid rates, or charges which have been properly billed to the occupant of the premises may be
collected in a civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction, or, in the discretion of the govern-
ing body of the municipality, may be certified to the county auditor where the premises are located
with the taxes against such property served and shall be collected as other taxes are collected. Pay-
ments of deliquent charges shall be credited to the fund as are current funds for that purpose, deduct-
ing therefrom any cost of collection accruing to the municipality.
SECTION 7. CONTRACT FOR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SERVICE BY OTHERS AUTHORIZED
(1) A municipality may provide solid waste disposal services by the use of its own forces and facili-
ties or may contract for such services to be furnished to the municipality upon such terms and conditions
as the governing body may determine in the public interest with any person, firm or corporation,
private or public, or with any other municipality, and by ordinance may obligate the owners, lessees
or occupants, of all property served to pay the cost of such services to their respective properties as
provided under Section 4.
(2) The obligation incurred by any municipality in the making of any such contracts shall not be
considered as a part of its indebtedness under the provisions of its charter, or by any law of this state
IV-28
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Document IV-4, Page 4
fixing the limit of amount of its indebtedness; nor shall it be required, at any time before making,
or during the life of such contracts, to have specifically provided for the same by previous tax
estimates or levy, or to provide for or have on hand in its treasury more money applicable to
such contracts than the amount to be paid thereon during a single year.
SECTION 8. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FUND. The moneys received from the rates and charges
as authorized by Section 4 shall be deposited in a fund separate and distinct from any and all
other municipal funds, to be designated "Solid Waste Disposal Fund," which shall be a continuing
fund to which shall be credited all receipts, and to which shall be charged all costs incident
to such activity. Moneys may be temporarily advanced to said fund from any available
unencumbered and unappropriated balance in any other fund or funds, and as receipts permit,
reimbursement of moneys advanced from other funds shall be made.
SECTION 9. AUTHORITY TO DISPOSE OF LAND. The governing body of a municipality after
public hearing upon notice given by publication or posting as by law provided may, upon
determining that any tract of land or interest therein acquired under or subject to the provisions
of Sections 1 to 15 is no longer needed for the purposes thereof, sell, lease, or otherwise
dispose of such tract or interest upon such terms as it deems best in the public interest, or may
provide for the use thereof for other purposes, so far as not inconsistent with any lawful
restrictions on the use or disposal of such tracts or interest therein.
SECTION 10. EMINENT DOMAIN. A municipality is hereby authorized and empowered to
exercise the power of eminent domain for carrying out the provisions of Sections 1 to 15. Such
proceedings shall be in accordance with (list appropriate statute provisions or recite new
provisions as required) as now in force or hereafter amended.
SECTION 11. GIFTS, GRANTS OR LOANS. A municipality may, in its name and behalf accept
gifts, grants or loans of money or other property from the United States, the state, or any other
source for any purpose under Sections 1 to 15 may enter into any agreement for repayment or
otherwise required in connection therewith, and may hold, use and dispose of such money or
property for said purposes in accordance with the terms of the gift, grant, loan, or agreement
relating thereto.
SECTION 12. RULES AND REGULATIONS, METHODS, AND MINIMUM STANDARDS. (1) A
municipality may by ordinance establish rules, regulations, and minimum standards applicable
to solid waste and land pollution which rules, regulations and standards shall meet at least the
minimum requirements established by the (list appropriate state-regulatory agency having
responsibility).
(2) The governing body in providing for solid waste disposal may by ordinance, or any amendment
thereto, provide in what districts or along which streets collection shall be made, and volume of
solid waste to be collected, leaving certain amounts or types of solid waste to private disposal,
but shall continue to have the authority to regulate the time and manner of private disposal, varied
according to the nature of the solid waste accumulated and disposed of. Such regulation may
provide for immediate abatement of any condition which is a menace to public health and safety.
In such cases notice may be given to the owner or occupant of premises for the summary disposal
of solid waste or unhealthy or unsafe condition by posting upon the premises notice of what is
required. If the notice be not obeyed within the time fixed in said notice, the municipality shall
have the right to remove such solid waste or such unhealthy or unsafe condition, charging such
rates or charges as are prescribed, or the cost thereof, and shall have the right to collect the
same as rates and charges are herein authorized to be charged, made and collected. In lieu of
such method, the municipality may for adequate compensation by contract with the owner of any
premises, perform any service upon public or private property in the removal of solid waste,
covering with proper filling material any foul, unhealthy or unsafe material, including low grounds,
which are or may become foul, unhealthy or unsafe.
(3) The governing body shall have the authority to direct the method of handling and storage of
solid waste on public or private premises, to require the owner, lessee or occupant of the premises
to place the same at the most convenient place upon the premises, and if convenience in the
collection thereof requires containers on premises for the handling thereof, the governing body may
require the same.
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Document IV-4, Page 5
(4) The governing body may adopt and amend ordinances regulating the use of disposal facilities.
Such ordinances may also establish standards which upon adoption shall govern the operation of
solid waste disposal facilities throughout the municipality, including those operated by the
municipality, other public agencies or by private operators. Such regulations may apply to the
location of solid waste disposal facilities, requirements relative to the sanitary operation thereof,
requirements regarding the equipment necessary relative to the amount of material being received
at the facility, requirements in relation to the control of salvage operations, rodent control,
water or air or land pollution control, and such other subjects as may be required for the public
health, welfare, and safety relative to the operation of such facilities. The municipality may
issue permits or licenses for commercial private solid waste disposal facilities and may require
that all solid waste disposal facilities be registered with the appropriate municipal office.
Before acting on an ordinance regulating the operation or location of solid waste disposal facilities,
the governing body shall hold a public hearing upon the proposal therefor upon at least three
weeks notice given by publication or posting as required by law, stating briefly the subject matter
and the general purposes of the proposed ordinance. The proposed ordinance may be amended by
the governing body before enactment in any manner not inconsistent with the terms of the notice
of hearing thereon. Said ordinance, as proposed or as amended, shall take effect upon publication
or posting of the ordinance as required by law. Every ordinance upon enactment shall be signed,
attested, filed, published or posted, and recorded, as provided by law, for enactment of
ordinances.
SECTION 13. VIOLATIONS, PENALTIES. Any municipality is hereby authorized by ordinance
to impose penalties and provide for punishment for violation of any ordinance or regulation
relative to the accumulation of solid waste, its collection or disposition.
SECTION 14. JOINT COOPERATION.
(1) A municipality may be a party to a joint cooperative project, undertaking, or enterprise with
any one or more other governmental subdivisions or other public agencies for any purpose under
Section 2 upon such terms as may be agreed upon between the governing bodies or authorities
concerned. Without limiting the effect of the foregoing provision or any other provisions of
Sections 1 to 15, a municipality, with respect to any of said purposes, may act under and be subject
to the provisions of (Iowa Chapter 28E; or Nebraska Chapter 23, Article 22) ,
as now in force or hereafter amended, or any other appropriate law now in force or hereafter
enacted providing for joint or cooperative action between governmental subdivisions or other
public agencies.
(2) A municipality may, upon such terms as may be agreed upon with the respective governing
bodies or authorities concerned, authorize the use by any other governmental subdivision or other
public agency of any facilities of the municipality constructed or used for any purpose under Section
2 so far as the capacity thereof is sufficient beyond the needs of the municipality. A municipality
may expand any such facilities and permit the use thereof by persons, firms, corporations, private
or public, municipalities or other public bodies, outside the municipality, so far as the capacity
thereof is sufficient beyond the needs of the municipality upon such terms as the governing body
may prescribe.
SECTION 15. POWERS ADDITIONAL
(1) It is hereby found and determined that solid waste disposal is a matter of statewide concern and
that the provisions of Sections 1 to 15 shall be independent of and in addition to any other provision
of the laws of the State of (Iowa) (Nebr.) with reference to the matters covered hereby and shall be
considered as a complete and independent act and not as amendatory of or limited by any other
provision of the laws of the State of (Iowa) (Nebr.) The purpose of these sections is to permit any
municipality to engage in the activities hereinbefore authorized, and to promote the public health,
safety, welfare, convenience and prosperity of the municipality. The activity herein authorized
shall be considered a public utility and such activity may be merged and operated with any other
municipally operated utility, if deemed necessary and economical. Accounting for the activity
herein authorized shall be separate as hereinbefore directed.
(2) If any provision of sections 1 to 15 is held unconstitutional or invalid, it shall not affect the
other provisions.
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other functions is limited to cities of twenty thousand or more population.
Wo recommend this limit be removed for cities and towns in Iowa where the
city or town is a member of an agency such as the one proposed here, and
that agency has a total membership in excess of twenty thousand population,
and the Agency is prepared to provide the services contemplated in 368.24.
• J-J- Collection of Garbage and Refuse in Iowa and Nebraska
Counties . There is no provision for the counties in Iowa or Nebraska to
provide for the collection and disposal of garbage and refuse in the unor-
ganized parts of the county. We recommend that permissive state legisla-
tion be passed in both states which allows counties to provide such collec-
tion and disposal service in such portions of the county as the Board of
Supervisors or Board of Commissioners determine is needed and to provide
that a schedule of fees may be established to pay for such services.
Until such legislation is provided, it is possible that part of the unorganized
portion of the counties may be served on a voluntary basis.
_c. County Disposal of Refuse in Nebraska, Chapter 23
of the Statutes recognizes the need for counties to provide refuse disposal
facilities and grants authority necessary to provide the facilities. These
provisions were added in 1967, when the current general solid waste revi-
sions were passed.
In Iowa, Sections 332. 31 thru . 34, the Statutes recognized the counties role
in refuse disposal but they are not as broad as in Nebraska and further, they
work through the township which could become cumbersome with an Agency
operated system. We recommend the Iowa statutes be broadened in a manner
similar to the Nebraska Statutes covering county refuse disposal and that the
county be authorized to act as a county, eliminating the provisions or re-
quirement to work through the township.
3. State Regulatory Agency. The primary responsibility for
maintaining the public health standards for the disposal of solid waste must
be borne by the local political jurisdiction in which the facility is located;
whether it be a city, town, village or county. This is an inescapable respon-
sibility which is proper, traditional and practical. In addition to public health
matters which are matters of statewide concern, they should also be concerned
with local matters such as economy, adequacy, future capacity, zoning,
aesthetic considerations, traffic, rate schedules or fees, hours and days of
operation, and others.
The State has two areas of responsibility in solid waste disposal. First, they
should assume a position of leadership and assist the local jurisdictions in
developing a competence in those aspects of local concern where this assistance
IV-31
-------
is needed and requested. Second, they should assume responsibility for estab-
lishing minimum technical provisions for solid waste disposal that may be
necessary to protect the public health, as a matter of statewide concern. The
matters of local concern listed above are not suitable subjects for the state to
regulate. Fees and zoning and other similar matters are the affairs of the
local community. The state can be helpful in these areas but should not be
given any regulatory authority. However, the state has a definite responsi-
bility to safeguard public health, in matters of statewide concern, and solid
waste disposal certainly must be considered as falling within this category.
To maintain a separation between statewide and local matters, the state should
limit their regulatory authority to establishing and enforcing the minimum
technical standards required to insure sanitary disposal of solid waste.
In 1967, the State of Nebraska placed the responsibility for proper solid waste
disposal in the State Health Department, and provided in Chapter 71, Article 41,
the authority for the Director of Health to regulate this practice, to set
standards, and to license disposal sites. A very modest staff was provided
to implement the provisions of the Article 41. It is expected that this law
will be highly effective in improving solid waste disposal conditions in the
State.
There is no similar law in Iowa, where the State Health Department does not
have specific authority in the field of solid waste disposal. Some progress
can be made under Iowa's general health laws and in specific cases where
water pollution laws can be invoked against improper solid waste disposal
practice which is causing water pollution. New air pollution laws will soon
be available to apply to solid waste disposal facilities where open burning is
practiced.
We recommend Iowa add specific provisions to their statutes granting the
Department of Health specific authority to license, set minimum technical
standards, and regulate solid waste disposal in Iowa.
In addition to specific authority for the Iowa Health Department, both the Iowa
and Nebraska Health Departments will need to adequately staff their organi-
zation to implement the provisions of the law. The scope of this report does
not include a study of the staffing requirements of the state agency, but to
assure proper management of solid waste disposal in this Study Area, the
periodic inspection by the state regulatory agency would be desirable.
We recommend a state inspector visit each disposal facility at least once
each quarter for the purpose of inspection for minimum technical standards,
and to assist the facility's managers and operators in solving disposal
problems.
We lurther recommend that both departments require all disposal facilities be
licensed by the state. As a condition for licensing, each applicant should be
required to submit detailed plans, prepared by a professional engineer regis-
tered in that state. The plans should include an area topographic plan, subsurface
IV-32
-------
investigation, initial development of the site, an operational plan, and what-
ever other data the department may require.
.L LOCAL LEGISLATION
1 . Disposal Ordinance. The recommended public sanitary
landfill sites will be located in places under municipal jurisdiction. Even
i hough these sites may be operated by a. non-profit governmental agency for
and on behalf of the counties and other municipalities, it is important that
these public sites and any private disposal activities come under the health
regulation of the jurisdiction in which the sites are located. As an extra pre-
caution to assure that proper health conditions are maintained at all times,
each city, town, village, or county should pass reasonable but adequate regu-
lalions for all disposal activities conducted within their jurisdiction.
Because each municipality has a slightly different format for regulation, and
has different provisions for licensing, fees and inspection procedures; we
have prepared a typical Disposal Ordinance, patterned after a typical City
format. This ordinance, which contains what we believe to be the essential
elements for such an ordinance, is enclosed in this Part IV of the report
as Document IV-2.
Kach municipality should modify the recommended Disposal Ordinance to
conform to their local format and procedures, and add to this ordinance any
local provisions necessary to suit their form of government and any special
requirements which they deem necessary. They should also add specific
language designating who in their local governmental unit shall act as the
"Health Officer" who shall be responsible for the required administration
and enforcement.
2. Collection Ordinance. A typical collection ordinance has
also been prepared, patterned after a typical city format. This ordinance,
which contains what we believe to be the essential elements for such an ordi-
nance, is enclosed in this Part IV of the report as Document IV-3.
Ff the Agency and certain municipalities wish to provide a collection service,
(he ordinance can be used as a guide for the required ordinances. If the
Agency does not offer such a service, the ordinance may still be of some value to
ihe municipalities, as a guide in the preparation of an ordinance for their own
collection service.
Each municipality should modify this collection ordinance in a manner simi-
lar to the modifications described in the preceding paragraphs concerning
the Disposal Ordinance.
3. Junked Automobiles. In Part II, Section D, of this report,
(lie problems associated with junked motor vehicles are discussed and local
IV-33
-------
legislation is recommended. We have found that several communities in the
Study Area now have adequate local legislation to cope with the objectionable
aspects of this problem. In general, these laws are not fully enforced.
Zoning arid licensing laws should be enforced to assure that commercial auto
salvaging and scrap metal dealers operate their businesses in places zoned
for this activity and in accordance with licensing regulations. This would
eliminate a substantial portion of the problems associated with this industry.
Where junked auto hulks or inoperative vehicles are stored on private property
and these vehicles are a nuisance, they can be controlled through an ordinance
which declares them to be litter. Omaha Ordinance Section 25. 85. 050 states
"It shall be unlawful for a person to place, cause to be placed or allow to
remain on this property, a motor vehicle or part thereof which is in wrecked,
junked, partially dismantled, inoperative or abandoned condition; provided,
however, that this Section shall not apply to any motor vehicle which is kept
in the operation of a business pursuant to any municipal ordinance or kept
a garage." Section 25. 85. 060 provides for the removal of such vehicles.
Council Bluffs has a similar ordinance and has used it effectively from time to
time.
K. SANITARY LANDFILL STANDARDS
In the preceding Section J, we recommended that each municipality in which
a sanitary landfill is located adopt an ordinance controlling the disposal
of solid waste. In the recommended Ordinance, Document IV-2,
standards lor Sanitary landfills are set forth in Section 3. These standards con-
tain the essential elements for a first class type operation which if enforced
would insure that such a disposal facility would be compatible with other land
use and urban living.
Some authorities have produced standards with lesser requirements for sites
not in an urban area. In fact, we have recommended from time to time in
other reports that different standards be applied to Urban, Isolated and Remote
areas. In the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Area, the four recommended
urban sites should certainly be constructed and operated to the highest standards.
In the case of the one rural site in eastern Pottawattamie, it is possible that
some requirements could be relaxed such as sight screening of the site; how- •
ever, the requirements which could be relaxed are not significant in the over-
all cost of the facility. We recommend that all of the facilities be constructed
and operated in a way to meet or exceed the standards listed above.
L. ALTERNATE POSSIBILITIES
1. Organizational Structures. There are many organizational
structures which could be used for the frame work necessary for the safe and
sanitary disposal of solid waste in addition to the bi-state public agency which
is recommended. Included in the possibilities are the following:
IV-34
-------
Individual Comrnunity Effort
1. Each community provide facilities for own use
either through own operation of facilities or agreement to use
neighbor's facilities.
2. Some communities may provide for joint use
of miscellaneous facilities through inter-local cooperation
Act of Nebraska and joint exercise of Government Powers
of Iowa.
3. Some communities may use private enterprise
disposal facilities open to public for fee or community contract.
4. Any combination of 1, 2 and 3 above.
Individual County Effort
1. Each county provide facilities for use of county
residents and communities.
2. One county provide for self and neighboring county
through agreement.
3. Some combination of counties providing joint use
of miscellaneous facilities through Joint Powers Acts of Iowa
and Nebraska.
4. Private enterprise.
5. Any combination of 1, 2, 3 and 4 above.
Regional Effort
1. Form a Nebraska area regional organization to
provide facilities for Nebraska and an Iowa area regional organi-
zation to provide facilities for Iowa.
2. One state regional organization provide for self and
other state regional organization through agreement.
3. Form a regional organization to provide for joint use
of facilities for entire two state Study Area through Joint Powers Acts
of Iowa and Nebraska. (This is the recommended plan).
4. Form a regional organization to prepare a regional
area solid waste plan. Each county or each community or
combination of counties and communities carry out own disposal
in accordance with plan.
5. Private enterprise.
IV-35
-------
6. Any combination of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 above.
In general the individual efforts of the cities and to some extent the counties,
to provide facilities lor their own use, would result in duplication of facili-
ties, equipment and management. In most cases the facilities would be too
small to be economical and too small to attract and afford professional manage-
ment. The single exception to this fact would be the City of Omaha. This
city is large enough to operate large sites, without prohibitively high costs,
although the costs would exceed the costs contemplated in the joint agency
approach.
Joint facilities to be shared by various municipalities or contract arrange-
ments would be an improvement over strictly individual efforts but the same
disadvantages would prevail except to a leaser extent. Again the exception
would be the City of Omaha. If this city would provide facilities for them-
selves and neighboring communities the efficiency could approach that of
the recommended agency. The principal disadvantage to this arrangement
would be the political and jurisdictional problems which usually appear when
a giant city attempts to provide services to smaller neighboring communities.
This would be particularly true in the location of sanitary landfill sites outside
the political jurisdiction of the large city.
Private enterprise could provide the required facilities, however, there are
several serious flows in this concept. As explained in detail in Part III the
total cost of solid waste disposal is made up of two basic items, i.e., the
cost of hauling the waste to a disposal facility and the cost of operation of
that facility. The proper location of the proposed facilities, to produce the
lowest total cost, is very important. Private enterprise without the ability
to exercise the right of eminent domain could experience serious problems
acquiring the necessary property in the right general areas.
1'acilities provided by private enterprise must pay taxes and are intended to
operate for a profit. It can be argued and indeed it is often true that private
enterprise is more efficient than public agencies and can make a profit
charging the same fees. This is not necessarily true when a public agency
is provided with adequate resources and is professionally managed. The re-
commended agency should be able to operate in the same way as private
enterprise but will enjoy the very significant advantage of eminent domain,
uo taxes and no need to produce a profit.
2. Operation of Agency Facilities. The recommendation in this
report contemplates that all of the solid waste disposal facilities be owned
and operated by the agency using the agency's own forces and equipment.
As an alternate to this, the agency could award contracts to private operators
to operate the facilities for the agency. It would be necessary to prepare de-
tailed specifications setting forth exactly what the Contractor would be required
to do and what the agency would be required to do. It would also be necessary
to prepare a new cost estimate to include taxes and profit for the Contractor.
IV-3 6
-------
If the agency would desire to contract for the operation we would recommend
the agency furnish the land and capital improvements to the land, including
the initial development. These improvements should be permanent and amor-
tized over a long period.
M. FEDERAL PARTICIPATION. The preparation of this study and report
wag financed partially with local funds from the MAPA, and partially through
a Federal Grant from the Office of Solid Waste, USPHS, Department of Health,
Education and Welfare. This grant was authorized under the provision of the
"Solid Waste Disposal Act" which became law during the 89th Congress.
(PL89-272)
In the current session of the 91st Congress, there are bills in both the House
of Representatives and the Senate which offer amendments to the Solid Waste
Disposal Act. Some of the bills are similar or identical to bills which died
in committee at the end of the 90th Congress. Of particular interest to the
MAPA and the Agency are provisions of "Grants for Construction". Not only
are grants included but there are provisions for larger grants to organization
serving more than one community as contemplated in this report.
Under these bills it would be possible for the Agency to receive up to 75% of
the cost of construction of solid waste facilities, including completion and im-
provement of existing facilities.
Progress of these amendments should be carefully watched by the Agency Board
and the Director. A sizeable grant toward constructing and equiping the land-
fill sites could considerably reduce the size of the revenue bond issue required
for the Agency's initial operation. This would, in turn, also reduce the dis-
posal fees that would be required.
It is not suggested that any of the improvements or recommendations made in
this report be delayed pending the possibility of additional Federal Funds. It
has been demonstrated that these improvements can be made and service im-
proved at a reasonable cost to the community. However, any additional method
of reducing these costs should not be overlooked as they might become available.
IV-37
-------
-------
DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH, EDUCATION. AND WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Forni Approved
Budget Buieau No. 68-.s>-6801<)
COMMUNITY SOLID WASTE PRACTICES
LAND DISPOSAL SITE INVESTIGATION REPORT
1..STATE
4. NAME OP SITE
2. COUNTY
II 12 13
4 5 C
a. SITE LOCATION (Politica
5. ADDRESS OF SITE
7 « a 10
«. DATE OF SURVEY
DAY MONTH YEAR
_J 15 16 17 18 19 2O
T. NAME OP PERSON COMPLETING PORM
9. ORGANIZATION AND ADDRESS
10. POLITICAL JURISDICTIONS SERVED BY LAND DISPOSAL SITE
NAME OP
POLITICAL JURISDICTION
21 22 Z» 24
45 4« 47
ESTIMATED
PERCENTAGE OF
JURISDICTION
SERVED BY SITE
AVERAGE DISTANCE
OF SITE FROM
CENTER OF SOURCE
AREA (HIlea)
FOR ADDITIONAL. ENTRIES. CHECK HERB
(03) AND MAKE ENTRIES IN ITEM *4S
II. SITE OPERATED BY
| | PUBLIC AGENCY
| | PRIVATE AGENCY
12. SITE OWNED BY
| | PUBLIC AGENCY
PRIVATE AGENCY
1«. IS OPERATION
REGULATED BY A
HEAL1M AUTHORITY?
YES
NO
IF YES. INDICATE LEVEL
OF PRINCIPAL AUTHORITY
(Chock cne only)
[77J COMMUNITY | [STATE
I77J COUNTY ||OTHER.
PJ QUARRY OR BORROW PIT Q HILLSIDE
PI GULLY-CANYON [~l MARSH. TIDELAND
™ — OR FLOOD PLAIN
| 1 LEVEL AREAS
(Specify) Do
IB. ZONING/ LAND USE SURROUNDING FACILITY (Chuck predomi
ZONING
L J NONE [77J INDUSTRIAL
[7J«£SIDENTIAL [77J AGRICULTURAL
PI COMMERCIAL 1 1 OTHER
15. YEAR SITE PLACED IN OPERATION
16. ANTICIPATED LIFE REMAINING (Yeara)
17. TOTAL AREA OF SITE (Acne)
<•• AREA TO BE USED FOR LAND
DISPOSAL (Acne)
19
61
04 6V
59
O2
06
00
63
07
6Q 69 70 71
nant type only)
LAND USE
LJRES.DENTIAL [^AGRICULTURAL
0 COMMERCIAL n OTHER
1 I INDUSTRIAL
(Specify)
72 73
20. HUSEOF riYES IFYES.CHECK PI RECREATIONAL , .LIGHT . |A(3R|r.11T11BF r—lUSENOT
1 ' <—IAREAORPARK I—ICONSTRUCTION I—(AGRICULTURE \—|DETEHMINED
COMPL.CTED PREDOMINANT
SITE PUANNEDT f 1 NO USE ONLY P"] PARKING LOT p~] HEAVY I ~1 OTHER
' ' '—' '—'CONSTRUCTION '—!UIMtK fSjiiijy)
21.
23.
WILL PUBLIC AGENCY CONTROL
COMPLETED SITE USE*
FREQUENCY
OF COVER
(Chock one on/y)
LJ NONE
[J~] DAILY
r;
r~
(End of each
working day)
J YES
[-ZJ DAIL
1 lOTH
22.
MATERIAL US
FOR COVER
(Chock one cni
Y (Except face)
(Specify)
ETi T— -T ..^ i 1 —-~..__ ~~~
[ 1 EARTH
24. IS SPREADING ANO COMPACTION I |YES 1
[ "1 NO L_-
7e
7«
3T BE USED BECAUSE OF WEATHER CONNECTED CONDITIONS (Enter are'
per
.ratfe T T I
>~>L_LJ
2A. GENERAL CHARACTER OP OPERATION (Judgment evaluation -chock appropriate categories)
APPEARANCE
[7 J SIGHTLY
T J UNSIGHTLY
16
CONTROLLED?
HYES
F:INO
„
CONSIDERED TO BE
A NUISANCE?
Q]YES
a NO
»r
ROUTINE BURNING
[ | NONE
PJ UNCONTROLLED
a PLANNED AND
LIMITED
"1
ARE THERE SUR-
FACE. DRAIN AG
PROBLEMS?
LU YES
LTJNo
IB
E
ARE THb-RE
LEACHING
PROBLEMS?
Til YES
a NO
20
|
N i i - I - 1 2 B - ,> (ClN)(4-tin)
Exhibit 1-1 Page 1
-------
LAND DISPOSAL SITE I NVESTIGATION REPORT (Page 2)
RODENT CONTROL
PROGRAM
FLY CONTROL
PROGRAM
BIRD CONTROL
PROGRAM
DUST CONTROL
PROGRAM
ODOR CONTROL
PROGRAM
NEEDED
PROVIDED
NEEDED
PROVIDED
NEEDED
PROVIDED
NEEDED
PROVIDED
NEEDED
PROVIDED
KEPT IN ANY FORM? ' '
YES I NO
Cl
1
n
n
n
L
E'J
a
i — i
n »
n 2
n *
n *
n 2
n *
n »
a -
[ 1 2
[~1 3
Do
[^] NO not
TONS WEIGHED ' ... "
TONS ESTIMATED
CUBIC YARDS
30. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
Do
no(
utto
1
2
3
4
H
a
7
s
0
0
JJ_L1_
-1 OF SOLID WAST
1 TE (Chmck those
ES
tccep(ed)
| (HOUSEHOLD ( ]TNf^^ LZ]INST'TUTIONAL
70 72 74
riCOMMERCIAL [~|ASf"CUI-- (— 1 1 NCIN ER ATOR
V, L-JTURAL L_J RESIDUE ONLY
38, EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE
(Average ullltxed dalltf
DRAGLINE OR SHOVEL-TYPE EXCAVATORS
SCRAPERS (Self-propelled)
TRACTORS (Track or Rubber Tire)
(Bulldozer or Hlfh Lilt Loader)
TRUCKS
Do
not
use
43
Do 1
OTHER not |
(Specify) use
^
NUMBER
?5
37
39
36
38
40
44 45
JI7...W
28. IS LOWEST ART F \__\ [_ 1
20. FIRE [~]NONE | [WATER
PROTECTION
IFIRFRPFAK BOTHER
• (Specity)
30. NUMBER OF TIMES FIRE CONTROL EQUIPMENT
31.
IS SALVAGING PERMITTED' CD YES D NO
32.
IS SALVAGING PRACTICED' [~^j YES d] NO
33. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF LOADS DEPOSITED DAILY (Average)
f ROM OTHER VEHICLES
FROM PUBLIC FROM PR VATE
COLLECTION COLLECTION
VEHICLES VEHICLES (Specify)
-------
LAND DISPOSAL SITE INVESTIGATION REPORT (Page 3)
45. CONTINUATION ITEMS
ITEM NO
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
46 REMARKS (Attach addition*! nhnet It necessary)
NCU1.120-2 (CINJ,4-68)
Exhibit 1-1 Page 3
-------
TENTATIVE RATING METHOD FOR SANITARY LANDFILL OPERATIONS
This item shall be rated as follows:
ITBiM I: Access Road. Access roads shall
be designed and constructed so that traffic
will flow smoothly and will not be interrupted
by ordinary inclement weather.
Reason. In order to avoid needless expense,
it is of the utmost importance that collection
vehicles are not delayed at the disposal site
and that all refuse is unloaded only at the fill
area. Since the refuse hauling operation is
unproductive time for the refuse collectors,
any unnecessary delays are costly and can
result in unfinished collection routes.
This item shall be rated as follows-.
If an all-weather access road, negotiable
by loaded collection vehicles, has been
provided to the entrance of the landfill.
3 points
If the access road provided is negotiable
under most conditions and an alternate
site is located so as to provide for the
sanitary disposal of refuse during incle-
ment weather.
2 points
If the road is negotiable in good weather
only and no alternate site is provided.
0 points
ITEM 2: Employee Facilities. Suitable
shelter and sanitary facilities shall be
provided for personnel.
Reason. Shelter is a desirable protection
of the landfill employees during inclement
weather. Toilet and handwashing facilities
are desirable for good personal hygiene for
landfill employees and collection personnel.
Better working conditions contribute to
employee morale and retention.
If permanent or temporary shelter of
adequate size is provided, along with
safe drinking water, sanitary handwashing
and toilet facilities, suitable heating
facilities, screens, and electricity (if
needed).
3 points
If temporary shelter is provided with
suitable heating facilities, screens, and
an approved portable toilet.
2 points
If no shelter and toilet facility is
furnished.
0 points
ITEM 3: Measuring Facilities. Provision
shall be made for weighing or adequately
measuring all refuse delivered to and dis-
posed in the sanitary landfill.
Reason. A suitable method of measuring
incoming and/or deposited refuse is desir-
able to provide a reliable quantity of data, to
determine trends and to estimate future
needs. Estimates of volumes based on
truckloads rather than weights are mislead-
ing. Weighing provides the best basis for
establishing fees requiring scales as an
integral part of the sanitary landfill operation.
Weighing discourages trips to the site with
half-filled trucks. Determination of the volume
increments in deposited refuse may be done
by periodic volumetric surveys, permitting
evaluation of the use-rate and remaining
capacity of the site.
This item shall be rated as follows^
If suitable fixed or portable scales have
been installed at the sanitary landfill and
are used continuously or if the landfill is
Not for General Distribution
Subject to Revision
*Solid Waste Branch, Training Institute, EGA
SW. SL. rm. 3R. 2.66
Exhibit I-Z Page 1
-------
Ti-nlativo Rating Method _fpr Sanitary Landfill Operations
routinely "cross-sectioned""' to determine
volumes in place (routine - each 30 days
minimum).
2 points
If a scale is located on the way to the site
(such as transfer stations) and is in con-
tinuous use.
1 point
If no weighing is accomplished and routine
measurements of volume in place are not
taken (each 30 days minimum).
0 points
ITEM 4: Communications. Telephone or
radio communications shall be provided at
or near the sanitary landfill site.
Reason. Communications are desirable at
the generally remote sanitary landfill sites,
in case of emergency. If the sanitary land-
fill is part of a combined collection and dis-
posal system, good communications will
result in better performance throughout the
system.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If reliable telephone or radio communi-
cations arc installed at the site.
2 points
If communications are located within three
miles and a suitable vehicle is available
at the site at all times.
1 point
If communications are greater than three
miles distant.
0 points
ITEM 5: Fire Protection. Suitable measures
shall be taken to prevent and control fires.
Open burning shall be prohibited.
Reason. Fires endanger life and property.
Smoke and odors create nuisances to surround-
ing property owners, endanger disposal
*An Engineering Survey procedure to deter-
mine volume increments, in place, in the
filled portion of the landfill. Convenient
benrh marks should be established.
personnel, and interfere with landfilling
operations. Fires on sanitary landfills
cause them to revert to a status equivalent
to open dumps.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If an adequate supply of water under
suitable pressure is available with neces-
sary hose, etc,; a stockpile of earth
is maintained reasonably close to the
working face of the fill for smothering
fires; a suitable fire extinguisher is
maintained on all equipment and in all
buildingte; and open burning is prohibited.
3 points
If the site has a stockpile of earth reason-
ably close to the working face of the fill
and open burning is prohibited.
2 points
If fire protection is not present or open
burning is allowed. 0 points
ITEM 6: Limited Access. Access to a
sanitary landfill shall be limited to those
times when an attendant-is on duty and only
to those authorized to use the site for dis-
posal of refuse.
Reason. If public use of a sanitary landfill
is allowed when no attendant is on duty,
scavenging, burning and indiscriminate
dumping commonly occur. Men and equip-
ment must then be diverted from operations
to restore sanitary conditions. When access
to the site during operating hours is limited
to those authorized, traffic and other
accident hazards are minimized.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If access by unauthorized vehicles or
pedestrians is prohibited.
3 points
If access is prohibited except during
working hours.
2 points
If access is uncontrolled.
0 points
Exhibit 1-2 Pa»e 2
-------
Tentative Rating Method for Sanitary Landfill Operations
ITEM 7: Unloading. Unloading of refuse
shall be restricted and controlled.
Reason. For proper operation, systematic
placement of refuse, restricted to a small
unloading area and coordinated with spreading
and compacting is required. Controlled un-
loading reduces work, conserves landfill
volume, permits better compaction, mini-
mizes scattering of refuse and expedites
unloading of collection vehicles.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If unloading is controlled and the unloading
area is restricted to a minimum.
2 points
If adequate unloading directions are
clearly set forth by legible signs, if an
unloading supervisor is on hand most of
the time and unloading is performed in
a satisfactory manner.
1 point
If unloading is uncontrolled or if the un-
loading area is too large for adequate
compaction and daily cover.
0 points
ITKM 8: Size of Working Face. The working
face of a sanitary landfill shall be confined
enough to be easily maintained with available
equipment.
Reason. A large working face increases the
area to be compacted and covered with con-
current high cost, delay and difficulty in
controlling fires.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If the 'size of the working face is small
but is adequate for the collection vehicles
to unload promptly.
2 points
If the working face 'is larger than the
estimated minimum area required.
1 point
If the working face is much larger than
necessary and/or the dumping is
uncontrolled.
0 points
ITEM 9: Blowing latter. Blowing litter
shall be controlled by providing fencing
near the working area or by use of
earth banks or natural barriers. The entire
landfill site shall be policed regularly and un-
loading shall be performed so as to minimize
scattering of refuse.
Reason. The purpose of the sanitary landfill
is to dispose of the refuse in a sanitary
nuisance-free manner. If papers and other
light materials are scattered and the area is
not policed, fire hazards, nuisances, and
unsightliness result.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If fences, artificial or natural obstruc-
tions, control blowing litter and the land-
fill and surrounding areas are routinely
policed to minimize litter at all times.
4 points
If some control of blowing litter is
exercised and all litter-at the landfill
and/or immediate area is policed at a
minimum interval of once each twenty-four
hours. 2 points
No control of blowing litter is exercised
and the site or the immediate area is
commonly littered.
0 points
ITEM 10: Spreading and Compacting of
Refuse. Refuse shall be spread and com-
pacted in shallow layers, not exceeding a
depth of two feet of compacted material.
Reason. Successful operation of a sanitary
landfill depends upon adequate compaction.
of the refuse. Settlement will be excessive
and uneven when the refuse is not well com-
pacted. Such settlement permits the ingress
and egress of insects and rodents and
severely limits the usefulness of the finished
area.
Compaction is best initiated by spreading
the refuse evenly in shallow layers rather
than placing the material in a single deep
lift. Further compaction is provided by the
repeated travel of landfill equipment over the
layers and, if necessary, by the use of
special compacting equipment. Additional
compaction also can be achieved by routing
collection trucks so that they travel
Exhibit 1-2 Page 3
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Tentatiy collating Method for Sajiilary Landfill Operations
repeatedly over the covered portion of the
fill. These procedures result in the greatest
compaction and the least ultimate settlement,
providing the most useful finished fill and
best utilizing the capacity of the site.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If refuse additions are spread evenly by
repeated passages of landfill equipment,
each layer being compacted thoroughly
to a depth not to exceed two feet.
5 points
If the refuse is spread but not adequately
compacted into a solid mass.
2 points
If the refuse is neither spread nor
compacted.
0 points
ITKM 11: Depths of Cells in Fill. Individual
cells in sanitary landfills shall be no greater
than eight feet in thickness.
The total depth of a landfill is
governed by the characteristics of the site,
I he desired elevation of the completed fill,
and good engineering practice. Construction
of a fill in well- compacted cells of not more
than eight feet each in thickness minimizes
settlement, surface cracking, odor release,
and offers increased fire protection. Fills
using cells thinner than eight feet do not
generally make maximum use of available
land, but provide for earlier reuse of the
site.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If fill is constructed of properly spread
and compacted cells to a total thickness
of eight feet or less.
5 points
If fill is constructed of properly spread
and compacted cells to a total thickness
more than eight feet but less than 12 feet.
2 points
If fill is constructed without compaction
or in cells exceeding 12 feet in thickness.
0 points
ITEM 12: Daily Cover. A uniform compacted
layer of at least six inches of suitable cover
material shall be placed on all exposed
refuse by the end of each working day.
Reason. Daily covering of the refuse is
necessary to prevent fly and rodent attrac-
tion, blowing litter, production of odors,
fire hazards, and an unsightly appearance.
Fly emergence generally is prevented by six
inches of compacted soil. Daily covering
divides the fill into "cells" that limit the
spread of fires within the fill.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If the cover material has the working
properties of "sandy loam" as classified
by the U. S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and is compacted in an unbroken,
uniform layer no less than six inches in
de?th- 20 points
If the cover material is a soil having
working properties less than the sandy
loam specified and is well-maintained as
above. , _ . ,
15 points
If the cover material is inert incinerator
residue and is thoroughly compacted to
a uniform depth of no less than six inches
and there are no rodent, insect, or odor
problems resulting.
10 points
If no daily cover is performed (any ex-
posure of refuse after the working day),
or if daily cover is improperly applied
(not compacted; unsuitable material;
nonuniform depth or depth less than six
inches; voids in cover; or insect or rodent
ingress or egress).
0 points
ITEM 13: Intermediate Cover. In all but
the final lift of a landfill, a layer of suitable
cover material, compacted to a minimum
uniform depth of one foot shall be placed
daily on all surfaces of the fill except those
where operation will continue on the following
working day.
Exhibit 1-2 Page 4
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Tentative Rating Method for Sanitary Landfill Operations
jteason. More than one foot of soil cover
might be wasteful in a landfill in which there
Is a clear intention to provide at least one
additional lift within one year. Under such
circumstances, a one-foot layer of properly
compacted and maintained cover will prevent
health hazards or nuisances until the next
lift is placed.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If the intermediate cover material has the
working properties of sandy loam as de-
fined by USDA and is compacted to a
minimum uniform depth of one foot.
4 points
If the intermediate cover material is a
soil having working properties less than
the sandy loam specified and is compacted
to a minimum uniform depth of one foot.
3 points
If the intermediate cover material is inert
incinerator residue compacted to a mini-
mum uniform depth of one foot.
1 point
If no intermediate cover is applied or if
it is improperly constructed causing odor
and vector problems.
0 points
ITEM 14: Final Cover. A uniform layer of
suitable cover material compacted to a mini-
mum depth of two feet shall be placed over
the entire surface of each portion of the final
lift, not later than one week following the
placement of refuse within that portion.
Reason. A minimum final cover of two feet of
compacted suitable cover material will pre-
vent emergence of insects from the compacted
refuse, minimize escape of odors and gases,
and prevent rodent burrowing. This cover
also provides an adequate bearing surface
for vehicles, and sufficient thickness for
cover integrity in the event of settling or
erosion.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If the final cover material has the working
properties of sandy loam as classified by
the USDA and is compacted in a uniform
unbroken layer with a minimum depth of
two feet- 4 points
If the final cover material is a soil having
working properties less than the sandy
loam classification, compacted in uniform
unbroken layer with a minimum depth of
two feet.
3 points
If the final cover is incinerator residue;
if no cover is provided or if the cover
provided is improperly constructed,
resulting in odor, rodent and insect
vector problems.
0 points
ITEM 15: Equipment Maintenance Facilities.
Provisions shall be made for the routine
operational maintenance of equipment at the
landfill site and for the prompt repair or
replacement of landfill equipment.
Reason. Equipment breakdowns of a day or
more result in the accumulation of uncovered
refuse (as in an open dump) with all the
attendant health hazards or nuisances.
Systematic, routine maintenance of equip-
ment reduces repair costs, increases life
expectancy, and helps to prevent breakdowns
that interrupt landfill operations. In the
event of breakdown, prompt repair of equip-
ment, or immediate procurement of stand-
by equipment will materially reduce down
time. Prompt repair of equipment and
availability of standby equipment insures
continuity of operations.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If complete maintenance facilities and
personnel are provided at the disposal
site or if standby equipment of suitable
capacity and capability is available at all
times.
2 points
If facilities for routine maintenance are
available on-site and if adequate provisions
for major maintenance and repair have
been made.
1 point
Exhibit 1-2 Page 5
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Tentative H/itin^' Mrlhod for Samtnry Landfill Operations
If maintenance facilities and repair pro-
visions are not provided or are inadequate;
if equipment is inoperable or of limited
capability because of poor maintenance.
0 points
ITEM 16: Sewage_Solids or Liquids and Other
Ha"drdous Materials So wage solids or
liquids (septic tank or cesspool pumpings
and sewage sludge and grit), and other
hazardous materials shall be disposed of in
a sanitary landfill only if special provisions
are made for such disposal.
Reajion^ Sewage solids or liquids are in-
fectious and create health hazards if not
properly handled. Other materials, including
oil sludges, waste chemicals, magnesium
shavings, and empty insecticide containers,
may also present special hazards. Unless
properly handled, these wastes can be danger-
ous to landfill employees. When the design
of sanitary landfill includes special provisions
for disposal of hazardous materials, they can
be disposed of safely and need not be excluded.
This item shall be rated as follows^
If suitable procedures are established and
followed for disposal of hazardous
materials.
2 points
If all hazardous materials are excluded
from the fill.
1 point
If hazardous materials are accepted
without provision for suitable disposal.
0 points
ITEM 17: Large or Bulky Items. Special
provisions shall be made for the disposal of
large, heavy, or bulky items at small land-
fills or at landfills operated with light
equipment.
Reason. Some special method may be neces-
sary for the disposal of such large items as
car bodies; refrigerators; water heaters;
large tires; some demolition wastes; and
large tree stumps, trunks, and branches.
Some of these items are noncombustible,
and it may not be advisable or permissible
to burn some of the combustible materials.
At landfills with heavy equipment, such items
generally can be handled routinely with other
refuse; however, special provisions are
necessary to incorporate large or bulky
items into the fill at small landfills or at
landfills operated with light equipment,
This item shall be rated as follows:
i
If approved special techniques are em-
ployed to dispose of bulky items and all
disposal is done in an orderly and neat
manner or if adequate disposal of bulky
items can be obtained in the routine
filling operation.
3 points
If bulky items cannot be handled or are
handled improperly.
0 points
ITEM 18: Burning. No garbage or refuse
containing garbage shall be burned at the
sanitary landfill. Burning of select materials
shall be severely restricted, and shall be
conducted only with the permission of the
appropriate authorities.
Reason. Garbage cannot be burned without
nuisance except in high-temperature inciner-
ators. Any other method of combustion
creates odors, air pollution, and fire and
safety hazards. Such burning adversely
affects public acceptance of the operation
and proper location of future sanitary land-
fill sites. Controlled burning of certain
combustible materials not readily incor-
porated in the fill, such as lumber, brush,
and tree stumps, may provide a satisfactory
means of disposal of these materials at
some isolated sites.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If no burning is allowed at any time.
3 points
Exhibit 1-2 Page 6
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Tentative Rating Method for Sanitary Landfill Operations
If burning of refuse is uncontrolled or is
performed without knowledge of, or per-
mission by the local authority.
0 points
ITEM 19: Salvage. When salvaging is per-
mitted, it shall be so organized that it will
not interfere with prompt sanitary disposal
of refuse nor create unsightliness or health
hazards. Scavenging shall not be permitted.
Reason. Nothing can be tolerated that
interferes with prompt sanitary disposal of
refuse. When improperly conducted, salvag-
ing delays landfilling operations and creates
insanitary conditions. The accumulation of
salvage at the disposal site often results in
vector problems and unsightliness, which
are deterimental to public acceptance of the
operation. Scavenging is an unhealthy,
aesthetically-objectionable practice that in-
terferes with the orderly and efficient opera-
tion of a landfill.
This item shall be rated as follows:
This item shall be rated as follows:
If vector control is not needed.
If no salvaging is allowed.
3 points
If salvaging is controlled and all salvage
is removed from the site at the end of
each working day.
1 point
If scavenging is allowed or if salvage is
allowed to accumulate beyond the end of
the working day.
0 points
ITEM 20: ^Vector Control. Conditions un-
favorable for the production of insects and
rodents shall be maintained by carrying out
routine landfill operations promptly in a
systematic manner. Supplemental vector
control measures shall be instituted when-
ever necessary.
Reason. While operation of a sanitary land-
fill according to these standards will reduce
insect and rodent problems to a minimum,
any lapse in proper operating procedures
may result in attraction and rapid production
°f insects and rodents. Supplemental vector
control measures may occasionally be neces-
sary to prevent health hazards or nuisances.
2 points
If vector control is promptly supplied
when conditions warrant such control.
1 point
If vector control is needed or is not
promptly furnished.
0 points
ITEM 21: Dust Control. Suitable control
measures shall be taken wherever dust is
a problem.
Reason. Excessive dust slows operation,
creates accident hazards and aesthetic
problems, and may cause eye irritation or
other injury to landfill personnel.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If dust control is not required or if suit-
able control measures are applied as
needed.
2 points
If dust control is applied as needed but
is not effective.
1 point
If dust control is necessary and is not
applied.
0, points
ITEM 22: Placement in Ground Water. The
depositing of refuse in locations where con-
tinuous or intermittent contact occurs be-
tween refuse and the ground water table
shall be avoided.
Reason. Gross contamination of underground
water supplies can occur in. areas where
refuse is in intimate contact with the water
table.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If the refuse is placed where the ground
water table will not come in
contact with the refuse, as determined
by competent engineering authority.
5 points
Exhibit 1-2 Page 7
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Tentative Rating Method fqr Sanitary Landfill Operations
"if intermittent contact with the ground
water table may occur but adequate pro-
visions have bi'on made to monitor the
^adjacent ground water quality and make
appropriate operational changes, if
indicated.
3 points
If refuse is deposited in water or where
ground water may come in intermittent
contact with the refuse and no provisions
for monitoring have been made. „
0 points
ITEM 23: Drainage of Surface Water. The
entire site, including the fill surface, shall
be graded and/or provided with drainage
facilities to minimize run-off into and onto
the fill, prevent erosion or washing of the
fill, drain off rain water falling on the fill,
and prevent the collection of standing
water. The final surface of the fill shall be
graded to a slope of at least one percent,
but no surface slope shall be so steep as to
cause erosion of the cover,
Reason. Run-off from lands adjacent to the
fill and rain falling on the fill may, unless
diverted, percolate into the fill and pollute
the ground or surface water with the leachate.
The cover may be removed by erosion of the
fill and standing water may permit mosquito
breeding or may interfere with access, un-
loading, compacting or placement of cover.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If surface waters are diverted from the
fill and no permanent ponding occurs.
6 points
If only occasional scouring or ponding
of surface water occurs.
4 points
If surface drainage is not controlled or
is inadequately controlled.
0 points
ITEM 24: Final Grading. The completed
fill shall be graded to serve the purpose
for which the fill is ultimately planned. The
surface drainage shall be consistent with
the surrounding area. The finished construc-
tion shall not in any way cause interference
with proper drainage on adjacent lands nor
shall the finished fill concentrate run-off
waters into adjacent areas. Seeding of
finished portions with appropriate grasses to
promote stabilization of the cover shall be
performed.
Reason. To promote sanitary landfill as an
acceptable refuse disposal practice, and to
enhance the obtainment of appropriate future
sites, it is important that the fill not only
be operated in an acceptable manner, but
also that the completed landfill blend with
its surroundings and, if possible, be utilized
for some purpose.
This item shall be rated as follows.^
If completed portions of the landfill
are properly graded and permit proper
drainage.
4 points
If finished portions evidence some pond-
ing uneveness or scouring correctable by
proper maintenance.
2 points
If finished surfaces are not smooth and
are improperly drained.
0 points
ITEM 25: Animal Feeding. All animals
shall be excluded from the site.
Reason. Consumption of raw garbage by
hogs is an important factor in the trans-
mission of trichinosis in man, as well as
trichinosis, hog cholera, and vesicular
exanthema in hogs, therefore, hogs should
be excluded from landfills. Domestic or
wild animals will interfere with the land-
fill operation. Appropriate fencing will
exclude animals and prompt covering of
refuse will make the site less attractive
for gulls and other birds.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If no animal feeding is allowed and proper
fencing is installed, if needed.
2 points
If any animal feeding is allowed.
0 points
Exhibit 1-2 Page 8
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Tentative Rating Method for Sanitary Landfill Operations
ITEM 26: .Accident _Prey_ont ion and Safety^.
Employees shall be instructed in the prin-
ciples of first aid and safety and in the
specific operational procedures necessary to
prevent accidents, including limitation of
access. Accident precautionary measures
shall be employed at the site. An adequate
stock of first-aid supplies shall be maintained
at the site.
Reason. The use of heavy earth-moving
equipment, the maneuvering of collection
trucks and other vehicles, and the infectious,
explosive or flammable items that may be in
.he refuse can create accident hazards at
landfills. The remote location of some land-
fills makes it particularly important that
personnel be oriented to accident hazards,
trained in first-aid, and provided first-aid
supplies. For reasons of safety, access
should be limited to those authorized to use
the site for the disposal of refuse,
This item shall be rated as follows-^
If employees are given periodic safety
training; and if an adequate first-aid kit,
and at least one employee trained in first-
aid, is available on the site at all times.
2 points
If employees are given periodic safety
training; and if an adequate first-aid kit
is available at the site and trained first-
aid assistance is available at a location
within 3 miles of the site to which appro-
priate communication is available,
1 point
If employees arc not given periodic safety
training; or if neither an on- site first-aid
kit nor trained first-aid assistance (with-
in 3 miles) is available.
If no positive accident prevention program
is employed or if unsafe practices ara
carried on at the site.
Deduct 5 points
IT KM 27: Operational Records and Plan
Execution. A daily log shall be maintained
by the sanitary landfill supervisor to record
operational information, including the type
and quantity of refuse received, the portion
of the landfill used, and any deviations made
from the plans and specifications. A copy
of ihe original plans and specifications, a
copy of the daily log, and a plan of the com-
pleted landfill shall be filed with the local
governmental agency responsible for main-
taining titles to land.
Reason. Completed landfill sites are ulti-
mately utilized for a variety of purposes.
When .he ultimate use of the site is known
beforehand, the landfill operation can be
planned so that suitable building sites,
roads, &nd ,utilities, can be provided. Final
grades can be established and allowances
made for landscaping and adequate drainage.
A record of the construction of the landfill
ia necessary for the most efficient utilization
of the completed landfill site and for the
prevention of health hazards or nuisances.
This item shall be rated as follows:
If complete records are maintained as
delineated above.
2 points
If the records kept are considered ade-
quate for the intended use of the fill.
1 point
If there are no records.
0 points
If the sanitary landfill deviates materially
from the approved plan in such a manner
as to produce an unsatisfactory sanitary
landfill (during operation or upon com-
pletion) or if a sanitary landfill is con-
structed or operated without planning so
as to elicit valid adverse comment from
the adjacent property owners and/or
governmental officials.
DEDUCT
20 points
Suggested Method of Applying the Point
Ratings.
A summation of the points awarded for each
of the twenty-seven items yields a possible
score of up to 100. The sanitary condition
Exhibit I-Z Page 9
-------
Tcn'.ative Rating Method for Samtary Landfill Operations
of the fill should be maintained at all times
and for this reason a high score must be
attained on certain items in order to assure
the proper degree of health protection.
A suggested method of evaluating the numeri-
cal ratings is as follows:
A_-Rated Sanitary Landfill - Suitable for well-
developed areas such as residential and
commercial zonings.
The following items must score as follows:
Item 9 (Blowing Litter) 4
Item 12 (Daily Cover) 15
Item 13 (Intermediate Cover) 3
Item 14 (Final Cover) 3
Item 18 (Burning) 3
Item 22 (Placement in 5
Ground Water)
Item 23 (Drainage of Surface 4
Water)
Total rating must equal 85 or more points.
n-Rated Sanitary Landfill - Suitable for areas
of industrial zonings.
The following items must score as follows:
Item 9 (Blowing Litter) 2
Item 12 (Daily Cover) 10
Item 13 (Intermediate Cover) 1
Item 14 (Final Cover) 3
Item 18 (Burning) 3
Item 22 (Placement in Ground 3
Water)
Item 23 (Drainage of Surface 4
Water)
Total rating must equal 70 or more points.
C-Rated Sanitary Landfill - Suitable for re-
mote or rural areas (to be determined locally -
approximate conditions, less than 500 persons
per square mile).
The following items must rate as follows:
Item 9 (Blowing Litter) 2
Item 12 (Daily Cover) 10
Item 13 (Intermediate Cover) 1
Item 14 (Final Cover) 3
Item 18 (Burning) 3
Item 22 (Placement in Ground 3
Water)
Item 23 (Drainage of Surface 4
Water)
Total rating must equal 55 or more points.
The closer a sanitary landfill is to human
habitation, the more stringently the landfill
must adhere to good practice. In order to
satisfy public demands, the sanitary landfill
ratings have been developed to indicate the
quality of sanitation landfills must maintain
to operate in the three principle types of
areas. In many cases, sanitary landfills may
attain a rating appropriate for the area in
which they are located, through modifications
to achieve adequate scores on certain items.
10
Exhibit 1-2 Page 10
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EXHIBIT II -1 ELM TREE STATISTICAL INFORMATION
I. GENERAL
a. Square Miles 1,530
b. Acres 997, 120
_B. Mean Tree Measurements (Average of Samples Surveyed)
1. Definitions
a. 100% Density - Total estimated material
with same density as the log or trunk.
b. Wet Weight - Green log or foliage material.
c. Dry Weight - Oven-dried material, 0% moisture.
2. Average Diameter - Inches 23
3. Average Overall Height - Feet 25
4. Log or Bole (Limb Free Trunk) Volumes
a. Length @ 50% of average overall height-feet 12. 5
b. Average diameter - Inches 23.
c. Volume cubic feet (cubic yards) 36 (1. 3)
5. Crown (upper foliage and limbs) absolute
volumes (equal to bole)
a. Volume Cubic Feet (Cubic Yards) 36 (1. 3)
6. Total Volume
a. Cubic Feet (cubic yards) 72 (2. 6)
7. Weights
a. Pounds per cubic feet, wet 54. 3
b. Pounds per cubic feet, dry 34
c. Bole, wet (54. 3 x 36) -pounds (tons) 1,955 ( .9?)
d. Crown, wet (54. 3 x 36) - pounds (tons) 1,955 ( .97)
e. Total tree, wet (54. 3 x 72) -pounds(tons) 3,910 (1.94)
f. Total tree, dry (34 x 72)-pounds(tons) 2,448 (1. 2)
g. Ash residue (2. 2% of dry wt. )-pounds 54
Exhibit II-1, Page 1
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C. Timberland (Acres)
1. Douglas County
a. Private 53,416
b. Public and semi-public 9,247
* c. Parks and recreation 3, 726
Total 66,389
2. Sarpy County
a. Private 5,593
b. Public and semi-public 4,072
c. Parks and Recreation 1,572
Total 11,237
3. Pottawattamie County
a. Private 13,768
b. Public and semi-public 6, 545
c. Parks and recreation 2, 607
Total 22,920
4. Total SMSA Timberland - Acres 100,546
D. Average Acre Density (Estimated)
1. Private - Per acre 2. 5
2. Public and semi-public - per acre 5. 8
3. Parks and recreation - per acre 40. 0
II. NUMBER OF ELM TREES (estimated)
A. Metropolitan Area
1. Douglas County
a. Private 133,540
b. Public and semi-public 53,633
c. Parks and recreation 149, 040
Total 336,213
2. Sarpy County
a. Private 13,983
b. Public and semi-public 23,618
c. Parks and recreation 62,880
Total 100,481
Exhibit II-1, Page 2
-------
3. Pottawattamic County
a. Private 34,420
b. Public and Semi-public 37,961
c. Parks and recreation 104,280
Total 176,661
4. Metropolitan Area Disposal Problem Trees
a. Original Total elm, 100% 613,355
b. Down and disposed, 1964-1968, 35% 214,674
c. Remaining standing, 1968, 65% 398,681
5. Total Metropolitan Area Disposal Problem
Trees 398,681
6. Number of Immediate and Rural Area
Disposal Problem Trees.
a. Total Metropolitan Area Disposal
Problem trees - 398,681
b. Estimated continued on-site disposal
of rural or remote areas, 23% of total - 91, 697
c. Total immediate area disposal problem
trees - 306,984
7. Total Metropolitan Area Elm Tree Weight
a. Immediate area (1. 94 Tons x 306,984
trees) - tons 595,549
b. Rural or remote area (1. 94 tons x91,697
trees) - tons 177,892
c. Total - Tons 773,441
Exhibit II-1, Page 3
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EXHIBIT II-2 - DEVELOPMENT OF UNIT WEIGHTS
A. GENERAL. Unit weights are intended to be typical of materials
"As Delivered" to the disposal site, but often loads are mixed, with two or
more materials in each load. Seldom is there only one material on a load,
except in the case of certain material classes which are intended to include
a'variety of materials peculiar to the origin or type of waste.
It was often impractical to define all components of a load. For instance,
a load of glass from a bottling company also contained quantities of paper,
cardboard, wood, tin cans, etc. Therefore, loads were estimated as to the
percentage of major components, on a volumetric basis.
Weighing of waste as delivered to the site was done in order to obtain unit
weight data on materials for which there was no other information and to sub-
stantiate data available from other sources. An attempt was made to select
loads for weighing which were typical for that class of material, although
some weighing of mixed loads was required. Mixed loads were analyzed on the
basis of component parts to check the total weight of the load against known
or assumed average weights of two or more components.
Many material densities were assigned based upon specific knowledge of the
materials involved, while others are a matter of general knowledge. Past
experience has provided knowledge of such items as paunch manure, sewage
solids, street sweepings, rubber manufacturing wastes, cinders, fly ash
and cement manufacturing wastes. The bulk density of various materials are
general knowledge, including dirt, gravel rock, oils, grain, fruits and vege-
tables, furniture and appliances.
J3_. WEIGHING PROGRAM. Three approaches to weighing of refuse ma-
terials were taken. These are discussed in the following paragraphs.
JU City Collected Wastes - All domestic kitchen waste disposed
of at the Council Bluffs Landfill was collected by the City of Council Bluffs in
packer trucks. As a part of the refuse collection study, a record was made of
the volume of refuse collected by the City of Council Bluffs packer trucks for at
le^lst one week on each of the 6 routes. From this date, unit weights were de-
termined by weighing a number of loads and averaged to determine a unit -weight
for material Class 40, "Garbage and Kitchen Wastes, Domestic." The average
density was 626 Ib/c. y. , with a maximum of 750 Ib/c. y. and a minimum of
500 Ib/c.y. A value of 626 Ib/c.y. packed or 313 Ib/c.y. loose was assigned to
material Class 40. This value was also assigned to material Class 41, "Gar-
bage and Kitchen Wastes, Commercial. "
2_. Weighing of Private Haulers - Private refuse haulers cooper-
ated in obtaining unit weight data for several classes of material, particularly
the "paper and cardboard" and "mixed trash and refuse" classes. There is
considerable variation in the unit weight of these wastes depending upon whether
Exhibit II-2,Page 1
-------
they are collected in packer trucks, open body trucks, trailers, or pickups.
Numerous loads of both packer and non-packer type trucks were weighed and
recorded the corresponding volumes.
For material Class 42, "Mixed Trash and Refuse (including Garbage), " weigh-
ing of packer and open body trucks produced the following results:
r
No. of Loads Volume Weight Ave.Unit Weight
Open Truck 35 241 CY 74,310 Ibs. 3081b/c.y.
Packer Truck 357 5,9HCY 3,650, 310 Ibs. 6l71b/c.y.
The unit weight assigned to material Class 42 "Mixed Trash and Refuse (inclu-
ding Garbage)" was 308 Ib/c.y. for open body trucks and 6l6 Ib/c.y. for packer
trucks.
For material Class 43, ''Mixed Trash and Refuse (No Garbage), " weighing of
packer and open body trucks produced the following results:
No. of Loads Volume Weight Ave. Unit Weight
Open Truck 84 716 CY 166, 710 Ibs. 231 Ib/c.y.
Packer Truck 75 1.200CY 564, 000 Ibs. 470 Ib/c.y.
The unit weight assigned to material Class 43, "Mixed Trash and Refuse (No
Garbage)" was 232 Ib/c.y. for open body trucks and 464 Ib/c.y. for packer
trucks.
For Material Class 50, "Paper and Cardboard, " weighing of packer and open
body trucks produced the following results:
No. of Loads Volume Weight Ave. Unit Weight
Open Truck 91 965 CY 178,160 Ibs. 183 Ib/c.y.
Packer Truck 24 384 CY 138, 240 Ibs. 360 Ib/c.y.
The unit weight assigned to material Class 50, "Paper and Cardboard, " was
185 Ib/c.y. for open body trucks and 370 Ib/c.y. for packer trucks.
The 2 to 1 compaction ratio of packer trucks to open trucks established in ma-
terial classes 40, 41, 42, 43 and 50 is believed to hold true for each of these ma-
terial classes. On that basis, open truck unit weights of 313 Ib/c.y. were as-
signed to material Classes 40 and 41, 308 Ib/c.y. for material class 42, 232 lb/
c.y. for material Class 43, and 185 Ib/c.y. for material Class 50.
Exhibit II-2, Page 2
-------
_3. Packer Truck Density - For the five material Classes 40,
41, 42, 43 and 50, the 2 to 1 compaction ratio of packer to open truck density
was incorporated into the computer program for determining the weight of
material delivered to the disposal site. Unit weights listed in the table giving
seasonal and compact]on factors and unit weights are fdr open trucks. When
these material classes were delivered in packer trucks, both the unit weight
and the compaction factor were automatically doubled. This eliminated the
need for anticipating the ratio of packer trucks to open trucks in each material
class and permitted the use of two unit weights for these materials rather than
a single weighted average based on an anticipated ratio of truck type.
_4. Random Weighing. The third approach to load weighing was
random weighing of typical loads observed at the landfill sites. This was used
exclusively for the demolition and tree waste categories, and also for other
materials.
/
_C. COMPACTION FACTORS. Compaction factors were determined,
based upon the anticipated density of the material in the fill as compared to
the density as delivered to the disposal site. For instance, paper, cardboard,
and general mixed rubbish should compact in the fill to approximately 600 lb/
C. Y. If paper and cardboard are delivered to the disposal site in an open body
truck at 185 Ib/C. Y. , the compaction factor is determined to be 1854600 = 0. 3,
If (he same material is delivered in a packer truck at 370 Ib/C. Y. , the com-
paction factor is 3704600 - 0. 6. Some materials will have a greater density
delivered to the site than the compacted density of paper and other rubbish. In
the case of liquids and semi-solids, little or no increase in the fill volume may
be required, therefore a small compaction factor is used. Heavy granular and
bulky wastes were evaluated in terms of the anticipated volume reduction due to
spreading, compacting and mixing with other materials in the landfill for assign-
ing compaction compaction factors.
Exhibit. IJ-2, Page 3
-------
EXHIBIT :nr - i
Page I
SITE SIMULATION NO. 65
SlMULiTIO^ NUM-tFrf
SITE 1 DISPOSAL F
MINJMUH FE
MINIMUM F
TPAUSFEP
PAPKF M Tf>UfK
1 444
3 ?14<»
4 0
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TOTALS FtiH ALL VE
STTF rn vns
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THNS VEHICLES H4UL COST
TO'' ^40 76b.5^
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Exhibit III-l, Page 1
-------
EXHIBIT m- I
Page 2
if." 1CLE 01STR1HUTION "Y DISPOStL SITES
SITE SIMULATION NO. 65
_ VFHICLF PTSTRlRtlTIfK- PY HISPOSflL SITES.
VEHICLE PC0 NO. OF CU«IC TON5
TYPE _flQEfl VEHICLES rflPOj^
25 40
26 38
38 1
?
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26 4
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25 S
26 9
32 2
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5
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16 78
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1 7 149
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Exhibit III- 1, Page 2
-------
EXHIBIT HI - 2
Page I
SITE SIMULATION NO. 87
,,,r , -MSPOS.L F" l.?<
T»ftM«.F£R FFf 0.00
T^aNSFfiJ FFf 0.00
MINIMUM FfcF. ] .00
PAOFP TfcilC^
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Exhibijt HI-2, Page 1
-------
EXHIBIT m - 2 SITE SIMULATION NO. 87
Pog« 2
VEHICLE DISTRIBUTION RY OJSPOSAL SITES VEHICLE DISTBIHUTinM qy
vFH/ei_e GeQ M. OF CU9JC TONS
SITE 3 i
3 ? 7
V 2 12
IS 71 112
?fl /9 900
?1 39 267
2t 11 57
76 ?•< I6v
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Exhibit III-2, Page Z
-------
EXHIBIT 3JT- 3
Page I
SITE SIMULATION NO. 92
s
7TF 3 DISPOSAL f £ 1 ,?*>
,,,,„
TS6NSFES F F n.OO/TD'J
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700
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V^HTCLFS HAUL rOSl I>ISFIJSAL COS I SITF CU riJS TONS VEHICLES HAUL COST
0 0.00 0.00 2000 0.00
IV 4.>H ft.'? L
n o.oo o.no <«
noo o.oo
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12 8 24 ?.*73
6? 54 S7 3.57
000 0.00
HF.O OP STAKE
CU YDS TONS VEHICLE'S HAUL COST
000 0.00
000 0.00
000 0.00
" u u u.uw
n o.On 0.00 1000 0.00
«»]H /.IT lllb 3 21 16 ?19 2.14
'J?! 'J.Oi J .01 5 SI 36 41)? 3.4?
9 0.0 'J 0.00 7 0 0 0 0.00
DISPOSAL
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.04
0.00
OISP05AL
0.00
0.00
0.00
u .uu
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
COST
-
C05T
T^SFFH vFUCtF OTHER VEHICLES
SITF CU vi* TIN',
1 5 r-
? 0 0
^r-H
SOI;
^ n o
n irrrm rrrtro 1 n o u o-.uo
0 0.00 0.00 2 0 0 0 0.00
n u.oo o.oo
* 0 0 0 0.00
0 0.0" 0 .00 6 0 0 0 0.00
o o.oo o.nn
o.tnr
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
TOTALS row ALL V^ICLES
SITF CU YOS TfiNS
Vh-MCLFS HAUL CO'iT DISPOSAL COST PCT Y PCT T
1 0 i) 0 (J .00 0.00 n.OO 0.0 0
? i) •' n ii.Ou o.oo n.oo o.oo
4 0 U
S 7115 ^?7'1
ft 0 '!
700
f) n.OO 0.00 0.00 0.00
o o.oo o.oo n.oo o.oo
0 O.Od 0.00 0.00 0.00
Exhibit III-3, Page 1
-------
EXHIBIT m - 3
Paje 2
SITE SIMULATION NO. 92
SITFS
mm
tVf&AKt
FFl-S
VEHICLE niSTHlBUTIOM BY llSPOSaL SITES
G£iT ^JT. ~OF"
M r ? 3 ' P
in M 44 f*
;>(i /-v 9( 0
l\ n ?S7
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4
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Exhibit III-3, Page 2
-------
EXHIBIT III - 4
COST ESTIMATE - SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
SANITARY LANDFIU. SITES 3, 5, and 7
BASIC COST DATA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Land Cost
N.W. Site (3) 240 Acres @$ 1200
S.E. Site (5) 480 Acres® $1000
N.E. Site (7) 160 Acres @$ 1000
Initial Site Development
N.W. Site (3)
S.E. Site (5)
N.E. Site (7)
Annual Maintenance & Site Development
N.W. Site (3)
S.E. Site (5)
N.E. Site (7)
Equipment Purchase
/A = $288, 000
/A = 480,000
/A= 160,000
$129,500
162,500
112,000
$ 25,000
30,000
15,000
Cost of New Equipment, One Time Purchase Only
Equipment Maintenance, Operation, and Amortization
Item Hrs/Yr,
Track Loader 2496
Track Loader 3744
Track Looder 2496
Compacter 2496
Dozer 2496
Dozer 2496
Grader 2080
Water Trucks 2496
Tractor/Mower 1040
Lowboy Trailer (100)
Dump Truck (100)
Pickup Trucks
Miscellaneous
Dozer (Spare) (200)
Wheel Loader (Spore) (200)
Total 22,440
Labor Hrs/Yr.
Equip. Operators 21,840
Laborers 15,184
Foremen 7,488
Gatekeepers 11,232
Headquarters & Maintenance Building
Office and Maintenance Building
Office and Maintenance Equipment
Agency Operation
Salaries
Overhead
Miscellaneous Expense & Contingencies
Rate/Hr. Cost/Yr.
$10.00 $25,000
15.00 56,200
7.00 17,500
19.00 47,400
11.00 27,500
9.00 22,500
5.50 11,400
4.00 10,000
2.00 2,100
3.00 300
5.00 500
3,000
8,400
9.00 1,800
7.00 1,400
Rate/Hr. Cos,Ar.
$ 4.25 $92,800
3.25 49,400
4.75 35,600
3.75 42,100
$80,000
50,000
$51,000
14,000
$928,000
$404,000
$ 70,000
$462,000
$235,000
$219,900
$130,000
$ 65,000
$ 60,000
Exhibit 111-4, Page 1
-------
ANNUAL COST
One-Ttme Expense
(erf - 6% - 20 Yr. = 0.08718)
Land Cost
Initial Site Development
Equipment Purchase
Hdqtrs Building
Reoccuring Annual Expense
Stfe Maintenance & Development
Equip M.O & A
Labor
Agency Operation
Misc. & Contingency
3. Total Annual Cost
FIXED & VARIABLE ANNUAL COSTS
$ 928,000
404,000
462,000
130,000
1,924,000
$ 70,000
235,000
219,900
65,000
60,OOP
$167,700
S649,900
5817,600
Debt Expense $ )67;700
Annual Development
Equip. M. O. & A. 11,400
Labor 127,100
Agency Operation 65,000
Misc & Contingency ~
$371,200
QUANTITIES FOR UNIT AND TOTAL COSTS
Variable Costs
t 70,000
223,600
92,800
60,000
$446,400
IstYr., 1970
4th Yr., 1973
Ac-Ft.
604
559
UNIT AND TOTAL COST OF OPERATION
Tons
7237000
666,000
1. IstYr. 1970 604 Ac.-Ft. 723,000 Tons
Fixed Cost $371,200 - 604 As. Ft. =
Variable {446,400 T 604 Ac. Ft. =
Total $817,600
$817,600r 723,000 Tons =$1.13/Ton
2. 4th Yr. 1973 559 Ac-Ft. 666,000 Tons
Fixed Cost
Variable Cost 559 Ac-Ft. x 740/Ac-Ft.
$784,900 - 559 Ac-Ft. = $l,405/Ac-Ft.
$784,900 - 666,000 Tons = $ 1.18/Ton
BOND DEBT SERVICE RESERVE
$615/>c-Ft.
$740/Ac-Ft.
$371,200
413,700
0.4(167,700) =$67,100
1. IstYr. 1970567,100- 723,000 Tons =
2. 4th Yr. 1973 $67, 100 -666,000 Tons =
SUMMARY OF UNIT COSTS
Operation
_
TW rrn
1973 $1.18
$ 0.09Aon
$ O.)0/Ton
Total
Unit Cost
S/T°"
—
$1.28
Exh.bir 111-4, Page 2
-------
INDIVIDUAL SITE DATA
1. Refuse Accumulation and Land Requirements
1970 - 1st Year of Operation
Ac-Ft.* Fill DeptK Fill Are
Site 3 «W~ 3B1 20?
Site 5 9730 24' 405
Site 7 3300 24' 138
* Compacted and Seasonally Adjusted
2. Tom of Refuse Pet Day, 1970/1995
Operation, pjys/Week
Site 3 6
Site 5 6
Site 7 6
** Seasonally Adjusted
3. Initial Site Development and Costs
Scale House, Equip. Bldg.
& Pers. Facilities (3)
Scales (5)
Scale Equipment (3)
Watermain 7000'
Perimeter Fence 48,000'
Entr. Fence 3,000'
Gravel Surf.
Grading
Landscaping
Yard Lighting
Apron Pum't
Miscellaneous
Total
4. Equipment Cost and Distribution
Item
3 Track Loaders
1 Compactor
2 Dozers
1 Grader
2 Water Trucks
1 Tractor/Mower
3 Pickup T.ucks
1 Lowboy Trailer
1 Dump Truck
' Miscellaneous
1 Dozer (Spare)
1 Wheel Loader (Spare)
Total Equipment Cost
5. Equipment Hours Per Year
Track Loader, 170 FWHP
Track Loader, 275 FWHP
Track Loader, 115 FWHP
Compacter, 400 FWHP
Dozer, 180 FWHP
Dozer, 125 FWHP
Grader, 125 FWHP
Water Trucks
Tractor/Mower
Lowboy Trailer
Dump Truck
Spare Equipment
Dozer, 125 FWHP
WKeel Loader, 130 FWHP
xl.2
24T
487
165
240A
4BOA
160A
Tons Per Da)
700/1260
1200/1750
410/590
Site 3
$30,000
18,000
10,000
10,000
7,500
2,000
5,000
18,000
9,000
4,000
10,000
6,000
$127,500
Site 3
$467500
-
$50,000
7,500
4,000
600
4,000
2,000
3,500
2,500
10,000
12,000
$142,100
/**
SiteS
$30,000
18,000
10,000
15,000
10,000
2,000
10,000
30,000
12,500
5,000
10,000
10,000
$162,500
SiteS
$767000
74,000
-
12,500
8,000
1,000
4,000
3,500
6,000
4,000
18,000
21,000
$222,000
Site 7
$30,000
9,000
10,000
10,000
6,500
2,000
4,000
15,000
8,000
3,500
10,000
4,000
$112,000
Site 7
sJeTooo
-
35,000
5,000
4,000
400
4,000
1,500
2,500
1,500
7,000
9,000
$$97555
$462,000
Site 3
2,496
-
-
2,496
-
6^0
748
320
(30)
(30)
(60)
(60)
6,880
Site 5
3,744
-
2,496
-
_
1,040
1,248
520
(50)
(SO)
(100)
(100)
'97545
Site 7
~
2,496
-
-
2,496
400
500
200
(20)
(20)
(40)
(40)
6,212
6. Annual Equipment Operator Hours
6,700
9,048
6,092
Labor Hours Per Year
Type
Equip. Operator
Labore rs
Gatekeepers
Site 3
6,700
4,160
2,496
3,744
Sue 5
'97048
8,320
2,496
3,744
Site 7
67592
2,704
2,496
3,744
Total
7T7840
15,184
7,488
11,232
Exhibit 111-4, Page 3
-------
EXHIBIT III - 5
COST ESTIMATE - SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
SANITARY LANDFILL SITES 3 ond 5
BASIC COST DATA
1 . Land Costs
N.W. Site (3) 400A 'a- 1200/A = $480,000
S.E.Site(S) _520A'cc 1000/A = 520,000
920 Acres $1,000,000
2. Initial Site Development (2 sites)
Scale House 2430,000= $60,000
Scales 4 U 9,000= 36,000
Scale Equipment 2 S 10,000 = 20,000
Equipment Bldg.
&Pers. Facilities 2930,000= 60,000
Watermam 8" x 6000' 30,000
Per,m. Fence 35,000' 18,000
Entr. Fence 2,000' 4,000
Gravel Surfacing 30,000
Grading 60,000
Landscaping 25,000
Yard Lighting 10,000
Apron Pavement 10,000
Miscellaneous 17,000 $ 380,000
3. Annual Maintenance & Site Development Cg- $30,000 each $ 60,000
4 Equipment Purchase
Cost of New Equipment, One Time Purchase Only $ 443,000
5. Equipment Maintenance, Operation, and Amortization
2 - Track Loaders,
275FWHP
2 - Compactors,
400FWHP
1 - Grade,, 125FWHP
2 - Water Trucks
1 - Tractor Mower
2 - Pickup Trucks
1 - Lowboy Trailer
1 - Dump Truck
M scellaneojs
1 - Dozer,
125FWHP(Spaiel
1 - Wheel Loader,
130FWHP (Spare)
Laboi
Equipmf-n' Operators
Laborer' -"/Site
Foreman, l.'jite
Gatekeepei
Hrs./Y'.
7488
4992
2080
2496
1040
—
(100)
(100)
__
(200)
(200)
T8,696
Mrs .A'.
18,096
16,640
4,992
7,488
Rate/Mr.
$15.00
19.00
5.50
4.00
2.00
—
3.00
5.00
—
9.00
7 00
Rote/Hr.
$ 4.25
3.25
4.75
3.75
CostA' •
$112,300
95,000
11,400
10,000
2,100
2,000
300
500
5,200
1,800
1,400
$ 242,000
CostAr.
$76,900
54,100
23,700
28,100
$ 182,800
Headquarteis & Maintenance Building
Office and Moii.tenance Bldg $80,000
Office and Ma,n'enance Equip 50,000 $ 130,000
Agency Operation'
Salaries $51,000
Overhead 14,000
$ 65,000
Agency Misc. Expense & Contingencies $ 60,000
11-5, Page 1
-------
ANNUAL COSTS
1.
2.
One-Time Expense (CRF-6%-20Yr. =
Land Cost
Initial Site Development
Equipment Purchase
Hdqts. Bldg.
.08718
Reoccurring Annual Expense
Site Maintenance & Development
Equipment M.O. & A.
Labor
Agency Operation
Misc. & Contingency
0.08718)
$1,000,000
380,000
443,000
130,000
$ 60,000
242,000
182,800
65 000
60,000
3. Total Annual Costs
FIXED & VARIABLE ANNUAL COSTS
Debt Expense
Annual Development —
Equipment M.O. & A. 7,200
Labor 105,900
Agency Operation 65,000
Misc. & Contingency —
$348,400
Fixed Costs Variable Costs
$170,000
QUANTITIES FOR UNIT AND TOTAL COSTS
1st Yr. 1970
.
2. 4th Yr. 1973
3. Avg. Yr. 1982
4. FinalYr. 1995
Ac . Ft .
604
559
718
949
$60,000
234,800
76,900
60,000
$431,765"
Tons
7537553"
666,000
853,000
1,124,000
UNIT AND TOTAL COSTS OF OPERATION
1. 1st Yr. 1970 604 Ac. Ft. 723, 000 Tons
Fixed Cost $348,400 ? 604 Ac/Ft. = $575/Ac-Ft.
Variable Cost $431,700-; 604 Ac/Ft. = 7|5/Ac-FK
$780,1000 $T,2907Ac-Ft.
$780,100 - 723,000 Tons = $l,08/Ton
4th Yr. 1973 559 Ac. Ft. 666,000 Tons
Fixed Cost $348,400
Variable Cost
559-Ac-Ft. x $715/Ac-Ft. = 399,700
$748,100 r 559 Ac. Ft. =$l,340/Ac. Ft.
$748,100 r 666,000 Tons = $1.12A°n
Avg.Yr. 1982 718 Ac. Ft. 853,OOOTons
Fixed Cost $348,400
Variable Cost
718 Ac-Ft. x $715/Ac-Ft 513,400
$86i7§o3
$861,800 r 718 Ac-Ft. = $1,200 Ac-Ft.
$861,800 r 853,000 Tons = $1 .OlAon
Final Year 1995 949 Ac. Ft. 1,124,000 Tons
Fixed Cost $348,400
Variable Cost
949 Ac-Ft x $715/Ac-Ft. '™ *""
$1,026,900
$1,026,900 r 949 Ac-Ft. = $l,080/Ac. Ft.
$1,026,900 r l,124,000 = $0.92/Ton
BOND DEBT SERVICE RESERVE
0.4 (170,300) = $68,100
1. 1st Yr. 1970 $68,100 r 723,OOOTor,s
2. 4th Yr. 1973 68,100 r 666,000 Tons
3. Avg.Yr. 1982 68,100 r 853,OOOTons
4. Final Yr. 1995 68,100 r 1,124,000 Tons
SUMMARY OF UNIT COSTS
Year
T970
1973
1982
1995
$ 170,000
$ 609,800
$ 780,100
$0.10A°n
$0.10/Ton
$0.08Aon
$0.06Aon
Exhibit IU-5, Poge 2
-------
INDIVIDUAL SITE DATA
Refuse Accumulation & Land Requirements
1970 1st Year of Operation
Ac-Ft.* Fill Depth Fill Area
Site 3 9380 W 313 Ac'
Site 5 9830 24' 410 Ac
Totals 13,210
'Compacted and Seasonally Adjusted
Tons of Refuse Per Day, 1970/1995
Site Operation, Pays/Week
3 6
5 6
** Seasonally Adjusted
Equipment Cost and Distribution
Item Site 3
2 Track Loaders, 275 FWHP $70,000
2 Compactors, 400 FWHP 74,000
1 Grader, 125 FWHP 12,500
2 Water Trucks 8,000
I Tractor/Mower 1,000
2 Pickup Trucks 4,000
1 Lowboy Trailer 3,500
I Dump Truck 6,000
Miscellaneous 4,000
1 Dozer, 125FWHP (Spore) 17,500
1 Wheel Loader, 130FWHP (Spore) 21,000
5221,500
Purchase Area
Total Equipment Cost
Equipment Hours Per Year
Item
Track Loader, 275FWHP
Compactor, 4QOFWHP
Grader, I25FWHP
Water Truck
Tractor/Mower
Trailer
Durnp Truck
Dozer, I25FWHP (Spare)
Wheel Loader, I30FWHP (Spare)
Site 3
374T-
2496
1040
1248
520
( 50)
( 50)
( 100)
( 100)
9W
Annual Equipment Operator Hours
9048 Hours Each Site
Labor Hours Per Year
Type Site 3
£quip. Operators 9,098
Laborers, 4/5ite 8,320
Foreman 2,496
Gatekeeper 3,744
Site 5
74,000
12,500
8,000
1,000
4,000
3,500
6, 000
4,000
17,500
21,000
J22OOO
$443,000
SiteS
373T"
2496
1040
1248
520
( 50)
( 50)
( 100)
( 100)
934T
Site 5
8,320
2,496
3,744
Total
187T96
16,640
4,992
7,488
Exhibit 111-5, Page 3
-------
EXHIBIT III - 6
COST ESTIMATE - SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
SANITARY LANDFILL SITES 3, 5, ond 7
BASIC COST DATA
80 A @ 1,200.00/A =
320 A @ 1,200.00/A =
480 A @ 1,000.00/A =
Land Cost
S.W. Site (1)
N.W. Site (3)
S.E. Site (5)
2. Initial Site Development
S.W. Site (1)
N.W. Site (3)
S.E. Site (5)
3. Annual Maintenance & Site Development
S.W. Site (1)
N.W. Site (3)
S.E. Site (5)
4. Equipment Purchase
Cost of New Equipment, One Time Purchase Only.
5. Equipment Maintenance, Operation, and Amortization
Item
Track Loader
Track Loaders
Compactors
Grader
Water Trucks
Tractor/Mower
Lowboy Trailer
Dump Truck
Pickup Trucks
Miscellaneous
Dozer (Spare)
Wheel Loader (Spare)
Hrs/Yr.
2,080
7,488
4,992
2,080
2,496
1,040
(100)
(100)
-
-
(200)
POO)
Rote/Hr.
JI8.63
15.00
19.00
5.50
4.00
2.00
3.00
5.00
-
-
9.00
7.00
Cost/Yr.
( 20,800
112,300
94,800
11,400
10,000
2,100
300
500
3,000
8,400
1,800
1,400
$960,000
(362,500
$ 65,000
$494,000
$266,800
Item
Equip. Operators
Laborers
Foremen
Gatekeepers
Hrs/Yr.
Total
20, 176
14,560
4,992
V,568
Rate/Hr.
PT53
3.25
4.75
3.75
Cost/Yr.
iS.TWT"'
47,300
23,700
35,900
7. System Hoqtrs. & Maintenance Bldg.
Office 4 Maint. Bldg. $80,000
Office 4 Maint. Equip. 50,000
Agency Operatiot
Salaries
OverSead
$51,000
14,000
9. Miscellaneous Expense & Contingency
$192,600
$130,000
$ 65,000
$ 60,000
Exhibit 111-6, Page 1
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ANNUAL COST DATA
One-Time Expense (crf-i
Land Cost
Initial Site Development
Equipment Purchase
Hdqtrs. Bldg.
,-20 Yr. =0.08718)
$960,000
362,500
494,000
130,000
$1,946,500
$163,700
Operating Expense
Site Mainr & Development
Equip. M.O. & A
Labor
Agency Operation
Misc. & Contingency
3. Total Annual Cost
FIXED AND VARIABLE ANNUAL COSTS
$ 65,000
266,800
192,600
65,000
60,000
Debt Expense
Annual Development
Equip. M. O. & A.
Labor
Agency Operation
Misc. & Contingency
Fixed Costs
11,400
106,900
65,000
$353,666
Variable Costs
$ 65,006
255,406
85,760
66,666
$466, 100
$649,400
$819,100
QUANTITIES FOR UNIT AND TOTAL COSTS
1st Yr.
4th Yr
., 1970
., 1973
Ac. -Ft.
604
559
Tons
7537606
666,600
UNIT AND TOTAL COST OF OPERATION
IstYr. 1970 604 Ac. Ft. 723,000 Tons
Fixed Cost $353,000 - 604 Ac. Ft. =
Variable Cost 466,100 - 604 Ac. Ft. =
$819,100
S819,100 - 723,000 Tons = $1.13/Ton
4th Yr., 1973 559 Ac. Ft. 666,000 Tons
Fixed Cost
Variable Cost 559 Ac. Ft. x $770/Ac. Ft. =
$585/Ac. Ft.
$770/Ac. Ft.
$l73557Ac. Ft.
$353,600
430,406
$783,460
$783,400- 559 Ac. Ft. =
$783,466 - 666,000 Tons =
BOND DEBT SERVICE RESERVE
$l,400/Ac. Ft.
$I.18/Ton
0.4 (169,700)
1. IstYr., 1970 $67,900- 723,000 Tons =
2. 4th Yr , 1973 $67,900 - 666,000 Tons =
SUMMARY OF UNIT COSTS
Operation Cost
T^TO $1 13
1973 $1.18
$0.11
$6.10/Ton
$0.1 lAon
Total
Unit Cost
$A°"
$1.29
Exhibit 111-6, Page 2
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INDIVIDUAL SITE DATA
Refuse Accumulation and Land Requirements
1970- 1st Year of Operation
Ac.-Ft. Fill Depth
Site 1 1800 30'
Site 3 7630 30'
Site 5 9780 24'
Totals 19,210
Tons of Refuse per Day, 1970/1995
Operation, Days/Week
Site I 5
Site 3 6
Site 5 6
Initial Site Development and Costs
Scale House, Equip. Bldg.
& Pers. Facilities
Scales
Scale Equip.
Wotermam 7000'
Perim. Fence 42,000'
Entr. Fence 3,000'
Gravel
Grading
Landscaping
Yard Lighting
Apron Pavement
Miscellaneous
Equipment Cost and Distribution
Item
3 Track Loaders
2 Compacters
1 Grader
2 Water Trucks
1 Tractor/Mower
3 Pickup Trucks
I Lowboy Trailer
1 Dump Truck
Miscellaneous
J Dozer (Spare)
1 Wheel Loader (Spare)
Total Equipment Cost
5. Equipment Hours per Year
Track Loader, 170FWHP
Track Loader, 275FWHP
Track Loader, 275FWHP
Compacters, 400FWHP
Grader, 120FWHP
Water Trucks
Tractor/Mower
Lowboy Trailer
Dump Truck
Dozer, 125 FWHF (Spare)
Wheel Loader, 130FWHF (Spare)
Annual Operator Hours
Labor Hours per Yeai
Equip. Operator
Laborers
Foremen
Gatekeepers
Fill Area
60 Ac.
254 Ac.
407 Ac.
Tons Per Da
220/480
920/1440
1210/1760
Site 1
520,000
--
—
10,000
3,500
2,000
2,000
8,000
6,000
2,000
10,000
3,000
566,500
Site 1
546,000
--
2,500
1,500
200
4,000
1,000
1,000
800
3,400
5,000
$65,400
5494, (XX
Site 1
2,080
—
—
—
240
248
120
(10)
(10)
(20)
(20)
2,748
2,688
Site 1
2,688
—
—
2,080
xl.2
72 Ac.
305 Ac.
489 Ac.
y
Site 3
530,000
18,000
10,000
10,000
7,500
2,000
6,000
20,000
10,000
4,000
10,000
6,000
5133,500
Site 3
S70TOOO
74,000
10,000
6,500
800
4,000
2,500
5,000
3,200
14,600
16,000
$206,600
)
Site 3
—
3,744
—
2,496
800
1,000
400
(40)
(40)
(80)
(80)
8,680
8,440
Site 3
8,440
6,240
2,406
3,744
80 Ac.
320 Ac.
480 Ac.
880 Ac
Site 5
530,000
18,000
10,000
15,000
10,000
2,000
10,000
30,000
12,500
5,000
10,000
10,000
$162,500
Site 5
sToTooo
74,000
12,500
8,000
1,000
4,000
3,500
6,000
4,000
18,000
21,000
$222,000
Site 5
—
—
3,744
2,496
1,040
1,248
520
(50)
(50)
(100)
(100)
9,348
9,048
Site 5
9,048
8,320
2,406
3,744
20,776
20,176
Total
207\76
14,560
4,992
9,568
Exhibit MI-6, Poge 3
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EXHIBIT III - 7
COST ESTIMATE - SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
SANITARY LANDFILL SITES I, 3, 5, and 7
BASIC COST DATA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Land Costs
S.W. Site(l)
N.W. Site (3)
S.E. Site (5)
N.E. Site (7)
Initial Site Develops
S.W. Site (1)
N.W. Site (3)
S.E. Site (5)
N.E. Site (7)
Annual Maintenance
S.W. Site (1)
N.W. Site (3)
S.E. Site (5)
N.E. Site (7)
Equipment Purchase,
80 Ac.@$l200//
200 Ac. @ 1200//
480 Ac. •S) 1000//
160 Ac. (a- 1000//
920 Ac.
lent
and Site Development
\c. = $ 96,000
Vc. = 240,000
Vc. = 480,000
\c. = 160,000
$ 66,500
122,000
162,000
112,000
$ 10,000
20,000
30,000
20,000
One-Time Purchase Only
Equipment Maintenance, Operation & Atnort
Item
Track Loader
Track Loader
Dozers
Scrapers
Compactor
Grader
Water Trucks
Tractor Mower
Trailer
Dump Truck
Pickup Trucks
Miscellaneous
Dozer (Spare
Wheel Loader (Spare)
Labor
Jj/pe
Equip. Operators
Laborers
Foremen
Gatekeepers
Headquarters and Mai
HrsAt .
2,080
2,456
7,488
(2,496)
2,496
2,496
2,406
1,248
(100)
(200)
(200)
(200)
20,800
Hrs/\r.
20,800
16,640
7,488
13,312
ntenance Bldg .
Office & Maintenance Building
Office & Maintenance Equipment
8. Agency Operation
9
Salaries
Overhead
Miscellaneous Expense and Contingencies
ization
Rate/Hr. Cost/Yr-
$10.00 $20,000
15.00 37,400
9.00 67,400
3.00 7,500
19.00 47,400
5.50 14,800
4.00 10,000
2.00 2,500
3.00 300
5.00 1,000
4,000
11,000
9.00 1,800
7.00 1,400
Rate/Hr. Cost/Yt .
$ 4.25 $88,400
3.25 54,100
4.75 35,600
3.75 49,900
$80,000
50,000
$51,000
14,000
$976,000
$453,000
$ 80,000
$475,000
$227,300
$228,000
$130,000
$ 65,000
$ 60,000
Exhibit 111-7, Page 1
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ANNUAL COST DATA
1. One-Time Expense
(crf-6%-20 Yr. =0.98718)
Land Cost
Initial Site Development
Equipment Purchase
Headquarters Bldg.
.08718
$97d,000
453,000
475,000
130,000
$2,034,000
5177,300
Reoccurrmg Annual Expense
Site Maint. & Development
Equip. M.O. 8. A.
Labor
Agency Operation
Misc. & Contingency
3. Total Annual Cost
FIXED AND VARIABLE ANNUAL COSTS
$ 80,000
277,300
228,000
65,000
60,000
Debt Expense
Annual Development
Equip. M.O. & A,
Labor
System Operation
MISC. & Contingency
Fixed Costs
$ J77,300
—
18,200
139,600
65,000
—
Variable Costs
—
$ 80,000
209,100
88,400
—
60,000
$660,300
5837,600
$437,500
QUANTITIES FOR UNIT AND TOTAL COSTS
1st Yr., 1970
4th Yr., 1973
Ac.-Ft.
604
559
UNIT AND TOTAL COSTS
lstYr.,1970 604Ac.Ft. 723,OOOTons
Fixed Cost $400,100 - 604 Ac.Ft. =
Variable Cost 437,500 - 604 Ac. Ft. =
$837,600
4th Yr., 1973 559Ac.Ft. 666,000 Tons
Fixed Cost
Variable Cost 559 Ac.Ft. X $725/Ac.Ft.
$805,400 r 559 Ac. Ft. = $ 1,440/Ao. Ft.
$805,400 - 666,000 Tons = $1.21/Ton
BOND DEBT SERVICE RESERVE
$400,100
405,300
$805,400
0.40 ($177,300)
IstYr., 1970 $71,000 - 723,000 Tons =
4th Yr., 1973 $71,000 - 666,000 Tons =
SUMMARY OF UNIT COSTS
Year
1970
1973
Operation Cost
$/Ton
$1.16
1.21
$0.10Aon
$0.1 >A°n
Total
Unit Cost
$/Ton
$1.26
1.32
Exhibit 111-7, Page 2
-------
INDIVIDUAL SITE DATA
1,
Refuse Accumulation and Land Requirements
1970 - 1st Yr. of Operation
Ac. -Ft.* Fill Depth Fill Area xl.2 Purchase Area
Site 1 TS55 351
Site 3 4350 30'
Site 5 9770 24'
Site 7 3290 24'
Totals 19,210
60 Ac. 72 Ac. 80 Ac.
145 Ac. 174 Ac. 200 Ac.
407 Ac. 489 Ac. 480 Ac.
137 Ac. 165 Ac. 160 Ac.
920 Ac .
'Compacted and Seasonal!/ Adjusted
2.
3.
Tom of Refuse Per Day, 1970/1995
Operation, Days/Week
Site 1 5
Site 3 6
Site 5 6
Site 7 6
"Seasonally Adjusted
Initial Site Development and Costs
Item
Scale House, Equip. Bldg.
& Pers. Facilities
Scales
Scale Equip.
Watermain
Perim. Fence
Entr, Fence
Gravel Surfacing
Gradmg
Landscaping
Area Lighting
Apron Pavement
Miscellaneous
Tons Per Day**
220/480
510/850
1210/1750
410/580
Site 1 Site 3 Site 5
$20,000 $30,000 $30,000
9,000 18,000
10,000 10,000
10,000 10,000 15,000
3,500 6,500 10,000
2,000 2,000 2,000
2,000 4,000 10,000
8,000 15,000 30,000
6,000 ' 8,000 12,500
2,000 3,500 5,000
10,000 10,000 10,000'
3,000 4,000 10,000
Site 7
$30,000
9,000
10,000
10,000
6,500
2,000
4,000
15,000
8,000
3,500
10,000
4,000
$66,500 $112,000 $162,500 $112,000
4.
5.
6.
7.
Equipment Cost and Distribution
Item
2 Track Loaders
2 Dozers
2 Scrapers
1 Compacter
1 Grader
2 Water Trucks
1 Tractor Mower
4 Pickup Trucks
1 Lowboy Trailer
1 Dump Truck
Miscellaneous
1 Dozer (Spare)
1 Wheel Loader (Spare)
Total Equipment Cost
Equipment Hours per Year
Item
Track Loader, 170FWHP
Track Loader, 275FWHP
Dozer, 125FWHP
Scraper, 18/26 C.Y.
Compacter, 400FWHP
Grader, 125FWHP
Water Truck
Tractor Mower
Trailer
Dump Truck
Dozer, 125FWHP (Spare)
Wheel Loader, 130FWHP (Spare)
Annual Equipment Operator Hours
Labor Hours Per Year
Type Site 1
Equip. Operators 2,452
Laborers
Foremen
Gatekeeper 2,080
Site 1 Site 3 Site 5
$467550 ~^ $757550
$35,000
25,000
74,000
2,500 5,000 12,500
4,000 8,000
200 400 1,000
4,000 4,000 4,000
1,750 1,750 1,750
3,000 3,000 3,000
1,600 2,200 4,000
8,750 8,750 8,750
10,500 10,500 10,500
$78,300 $99,600 $197,500
$475,000
Site 1 Site 3 Site 5
2,080 ~^~ ~~^
2,496
3,744
(1,248)
2,496
248 500 1,248
624 1,248
124 250 624
(25) (25) (25)
(50) (50) (50)
(50) (50) (50)
(50) (50) (50)
2,627 6,541 57557"
2,452 5,118 8,112
Site 3 Site 5 Site 7
sTTTS 87TTJ sTTO
4,160 8,320 4,160
2,496 2,496 2,496
3,744 3,744 3,744
Site 7
—
$35,000
25,000
—
5,000
4,000
400
4,000
1,750
3,000
2,200
8,750
10,500
$99,600
Site 7
' —
—
3,744
(1,248)
—
500
624
250
(25)
(50)
(50)
6^
5,118
Total
537550
16,640
7,488
13,312
Exhibit 111-7, Page3
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EXHIBIT III - 8
COST ESTIMATE - SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITY
E. POTTAWATTAMIE CO. LANDFILL SITE NO. 8
BASIC COST DATA
I. Land Cost
E. Pottawattamie Co. Site (8) 40 Ac. g> $500/Ac. $20,000
2. Initial Site Development
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Equip. Bldg. &
Pers. Facilities
VVoreroiain 1000'
Perim. Fence 4500'
Entr. Fence 800'
Gravel, Surfacing
Grading
Landscaping
Yard Lighting
Apron Pavement
Miscellaneous
$10,000
5,000
2,300
1,600
900
3,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
1,200
Annual Site Maintenance & Development
Equipment Purchase
1 Track Loader
1 Pickup Truck
Miscellaneous
Equipment Maintenance,
Item
Loader, 115FWHP
Grader, 125FWHP
Mower
Pickup Truck
Miscellaneous
Labor
Full Time
Part Time
Agency Hdqtrs. & Moint.
(130, 000 x .08718 = 11
28,200 x )1)35() =
Agency Operations
$28,000
4,000
1,000
Operation and Amortization
HrsAr. Rate/Hr.
1,560 $7.00
200 5.50
100 2.00
2,080Hr. @4.25 =
300 Hr. @4.25 =
Bldg.
,350)
400
Cost/Yr.
$10,900
1,100
200
1,000
200
$8,800
1,300
$29,000
$ 1,500
$33,000
$13,400
$10,100
$ 400
(65,000) = $ 2,600
9. Miscellaneous & Contingency $ 2,000
Exhibit 111-8, Page 1
-------
ANNUAL COSTS
I. One-Time Expense
(crf-6%-20 Yr.) = .08718
Land Cost
Initial Site Development
Equip. Purchase
2. Reoccurring Annual Expense
Site Maintenance & Development
Equip. M.O. 4 A.
Labor
Hdqtrs. Bldg.
Agency Operation
Miscellaneous & Contingency
Total Annual Costs
FIXED & VARIABLE ANNUAL COSTS
.08718
Fixed Costs
One-Time Expense $7,200
Annual Development
Equip. M.O. & A. 2,500
Labor 1,300
Hdqrs. Bldg. 400
Agency Operation 2,600
Miscellaneous & Contingency
QUANTITIES FOR UNIT AND TOTAL COSTS
IsfYr., 1970
4th Yr., 1973
UNIT AND TOTAL COSTS
Ac.-Ft.
STJ—
21.0
$20,000
29,000
33,000
~
Variable Costs
$ 1,500
10,900
8,800
2,000
$23,200
Tons
2oV200
25,000
$ 7,200
$30,000
$37,200
1st Yr., 1970 23.5 Ac. Ft. 28,200 Tons
Fixed Cost $14,000 - 23.5 Ac. Ft. =
Variable Cost 23,200 r 23.5 Ac. Ft. =
$37,200
$38,200 .. 28,200 Ton = $! .36/Ton
21 Ac. Ft. 25,000 Tons
4th Yr., 1973
Fixed Cost
Variable Cost 21 Ac, Ft. x $990/Ac. Ft.
$34,800*21 Ac. Ft. =
34,000s- 25,000 Ton =
BOND DEBT SERVICE RESERVE
$595/Ac. Ft.
990/Ac. Ft.
$l,58"37Ac. Ft.
$14,000
20,800
$34,800
$l,660/Ac. Ft.
$l.39/T°n
0.4(7200) = $1800
IstYr. 1,800 <• 28,200 Ton = $0.07/Ton
4th Yr. 1,800 <. 25,000 Ton = $0.08/Ton
SUMMARY OF UNIT COSTS
Year
T970
1973
Operation Cost
$/Ton
$1 .36
1.39
Debt Service
Reserve Cost
$A°"
0.08
Exhibit 111-8, Page 2
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EXHIBIT IV -1 METHODS OF DETERMINING A FEE FOR REFUSE DISPOSAL
There are four methods, in common usage, that are used to determine the fees
collected for the use of disposal sites. Each method is basically an approach to
measuring the quantity of waste as delivered to the landfill site, so that a fee
schedule may be adopted which will produce sufficient revenue to support the dis-
posal operation. The four methods include:
1. Fees based on tonnage of actual waste;
2. Fees based on the gross vehicle weight;
3. Fees based on the gross volume of the hauling vehicle;
4. Fees based on the volume of actual waste.
All of these methods have advantages and disadvantages. The tonnage basis is
recommended as being the fairest, most accurate and most practical to operate.
This method has the greatest initial cost because a scale house and scales must
be installed. This cost has been estimated and is included in the landfill site
development costs presented in Part Three.
Each vehicle is weighed upon entering the site and the gross weight of the vehicle
and load is automatically recorded on the scale mechanism and on a weight ticket.
Upon exiting the site, the empty or tare weight of the vehicle is recorded, on the
weigh ticket, the net weight of the refuse and the fee is determined and recorded
on the ticket automatically. The driver then pays the fee with a credit card, or uses
prepaid coupons or may pay in cash.
This method is accurate and convenient, and removes any individual judgment
determination by employees or drivers. In addition, an efficient method of record
keeping and billing is built into the system. The fee based on tonnage of actual waste
is also reasonably fair. Where there is a inequity in the fee based on tonnage,
either for the waste producer or the disposal facility operator, a special fee may
be determined for the class of material involved. The rate setting authority should
be empowered to adjust rates as required.
Determining the fee by gross vehicle weight or by gross volume of vehicle are
both similar in procedure and method. They have the advantage of not requiring
any initial investment. The inequities in these methods are great. As often as
not, the weight or capacity of the vehicle has no bearing on the actual amount of
refuse hauled in the vehicle. Customers carrying small or partial loads are
penalized while those who overload their vehicles receive a premium. In order
to keep customer dissatisfaction to a minimum, a great deal of individual spot
adjustments and determinations must be made by the landfill attendant. This leads
to a general breakdown of cost and scheduling procedures. These methods are
considered satisfactory on an interim or short time basis, where it would not be
practical or economical to install scales.
Exhibit IV-1, Page 1
-------
The method of determining fees by actual volume of the waste is
essentially a fair method, similar to the tonnage system, but it
too has possibilities of inequities. The volume occupied by a
given quantity of waste will vary with the type of material and how
it is precompacted or loaded. This method has the advantage of
not requiring scales and would be suitable at a location too small
to afford the expense of scales or for a temporary fee system.
Exhibit IV-1, Page 2
iS V. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : O - 424-632
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