DALLAv
                                              UE8ARY
TREATMENT  AND UTILIZATION OF LANDFILL GAS
 Mountain  View Project Feasibility  Study
  U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

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Nomenclature
          A     =  Area of landfill, acre

          C     =  Fractional conversion of carbon in SMW to C02
                   and CH4

          CMF   =  Cubic foot per minute

          h     =  Depth of landfill, feet

          MM    =  One million

          P     =  Pressure, psia

          Pwh   =  Gas pressure at wellhead, psia

          Psc   =  Standard pressure, 14.7 psia

          Q     =  Production rate of gas at well head
                   conditions, feet-^/day

          R     =  Radius of influence of well, feet

          SCFD  =  Production rate under standard conditions
                   of Psc and Tsc, feet3/day

          t     =  Life of site, year

          Tsc   =  Standard temperature, 520°R

          Twh   =  Gas temperature at wellhead, °R

          V     =  Volume of gas produced, scf/ton of SMW

          Vrec  =  Recovered volume of gas produced, Scf/ton
                   of SMW

          W     =  Tonnage of SMW in-place
                                                         o
          P     =  Density of refuse in landfill, lb./ft.

          SMW   =  Solid municipal waste

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                             SW583
   TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LANDFILL GAS

    Mountain View Project Feasibility Study
       This report (SW-583)  was written
          by M. J. Blanchet  and staff
and is reproduced by the Office of Solid  Waste
   with permission from the  utility company
           which prepared the report
     U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY

                     1977

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     This report was prepared by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company,
San Francisco, and is reproduced with the Company's permission.

     An environmental protection publication (SW-583) in the solid waste
management series.  Mention of commercial products does not constitute
endorsement by the U.S. Government.

     Single copies of this publication are available from Solid  Waste
Information, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
45268.

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                       TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                Page


Abstract                                                           1


Introduction                                                     2-3


Landfill Gas Quality and Production Rates                        4~6


Treatment Processes for Upgrading Landfill Gas                  6-22


        Dehydration


           Molecular Sieves                                    11-12


           Triethylene Glycol  (TEG)                            12-15


        Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal


           Molecular Sieves                                       16


           TEG and Hot Potassium Carbonate                     16-18


           Dimethyl Ether of Polyethylene Glycol  (DMPEG)       18-20


        Liquefied Natural Gas Manufacture                         20


     .  Propane Addition                                       20-22

                                                               22—2 8
Economics of Treating Landfill Gas

                                                                  29
Transportation of Landfill Gas


Other Uses of Landfill Gas


        Generation of Electricity                              29-38


        Production of Methanol                                 38-42


The Mountain View Landfill Gas Recovery                        42-47
  Project -  A Case History




Appendix                                                      48-114


Nomenclature                                                     115


Bibliography                                                     116
                               111

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                         LIST OF FIGURES
  ±.                                                          Page

 1.   Gas Collection Network - Mountain View Sanitary            7
     Landfill

 2.   Unit Thermal Efficiency vs. Heating Value of               9
     Fuel Gas

 3.   Pounds of Air or Flue Gas vs. Heating Value of            10
     Fuel Gas

 4.   Molecular Sieve Dehydration of Landfill Gas               13

 5.   TEG Dehydration of Landfill Gas                           l5

 6.   Hot Carbonate Process                                     17

 7.   DMPEG Process                                             19

 8.   Propane - Landfill Gas Mixing Process                     21

 9.   Landfill Gas Transportation Cost- Dehydrated Gas          30

10.   Landfill Gas Transportation Cost - Gas with C02 and       31
     H20 Removed or SNG
                                                               34
11.   On-Site Electrical Generation

12.   Electric Power Generation vs. Gas Field Capacity          35

13.   Plant Cost vs. Electric Output                            36

14.   Low Pressure Methanol Synthesis Process                   41

15.   Location Map - Mountain View Landfill Site                45

16.   Flow Diagram for Mountain View Landfill Gas
     Recovery Project                                          47

17.   Landfill Production Rate vs. Landfill Area and
     Depth                                                     51
                                IV

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                        LIST OF TABLES



No.                                                   Page

1.  Measured Landfill Gas Composition                    4

2.  Preliminary Costs for Compression and Treatment  74 «c
    of Landfill Gas

3.  Revised Cost Estimate of Production,  Compression    27
    and Treatment of Landfill Gas

4.  Preliminary Economics of Generating Electricity     39
    from Landfill Gas

5.  Investment Costs for Methanol Production            42
                           v

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                                ABSTRACT





     The production,  treating, transportation and utilization of



 landfill gas are discussed  in this report.  The economics of these



 steps are also covered.  The analysis is performed from the per-



 spective of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company, one of the



 partners in the Mountain View Landfill Gas Recovery Demonstration



Project, scheduled to be operating by early 1977.  The U.S.



Environmental Protection Agency is supporting the City of Mountain



View in this demonstration under Grant No. S-803396-01.
                                    -1-

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                           INTRODUCTION







     In California, the recovery of landfill gas was initiated by



the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County at their Palos



Verdes Sanitary Landfill.



     In 1971, eighteen wells were constructed on the perimeter of



the landfill to prevent gas migration into adjacent properties.



The wells were connected by a collection pipeline which terminated



in a suction blower and gas burner station.  The obvious potential



of landfill gas as a source of energy resulted in a successful



test program to determine the steady-state gas composition and



withdrawal rate.



     NRG NuFUEL (now Reserve Synthetic Fuels Inc.)  and the Sanit-



ation Districts entered into a contract in October  1973, to pro-



duce and purify the landfill gas for a minimum of five years.



Since then, a facility to process about two MMSCFD (million stand-



ard cubic feet per day) of landfill gas was built and has been in



operation since the summer of 1975.



     Also in the Los Angeles area, the Department of Water and



Power of the City of Los Angeles, as an outgrowth of its gas



migration control program at the Sheldon-Arleta Landfill, has



successfully demonstrated the feasibility of generating electricity



from landfill gas.  A combustion engine-generator set was started



in April 1974 and ran until February 1975.  Since then, the Depart-



ment of Water and Power has completed the design of a system to



compress, dehydrate and transport the full gas production of the



Sheldon-Arleta site to its Valley Steam Power Plant.
                                  -2-

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     Encouraged by the success of the Los Angeles programs,

PGandE surveyed, in the summer of 1974, the 32 existing landfills

in the San Francisco Bay Area as potential producers of gas.  This

survey concluded that fourteen of these sites had good potential

and that the Mountain View Landfill operated by the City of Mountain

View was the most promising for an initial demonstration project.(5)

     Also in the summer of 1974, PGandE agreed to assist the City

of Mountain View on an EPA-sponsored study of gas recovery from

the shallow Mountain View Landfill.

     This report is the result of the collaboration between PGandE

and the City of Mountain View on the landfill gas recovery project.

It discusses,in detail, the following topics:

        Landfill gas quality and production rates

        Treatment processes for upgrading landfill gas

           a)  Dehydration

           b)  C0_ and H.S removal

           c)  0_ and N_ removal

           d). Propane addition

        Economics of treating landfill gas

        Transportation of landfill gas

        Other uses of landfill gas

           a)  Generation of electricity

           b)  Production of Methanol

        The Mountain View Landfill Gas Recovery Project-A Case
        History

     This  report was  prepared by  M.  J.  Blanchet,  with the partici-

pation of  M. M. Cahail,  D. L. Calden,  C.  A.  Clements,  W.  H.  Culver,

D. E. Hall, R.  W.  Headrick,  R.  A.  Holden, M.  R.  Jones, M.  R.  Lee,

D. H. Luders, P. Maciel,  P.  0.  Petersen,  E.  C.  Remedies,  and

R. L. Sisler.
                                  -3-

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             LANDFILL GAS QUALITY AND PRODUCTION RATES

     Measured landfill gas composition at Mountain View is as given

in Table 1  (1, 2).

                              TABLE 1

                      MEASUREI

     CONSTITUENT



Methane

Carbon Dioxide

Nitrogen

Oxygen and Argon ^

Water


Hydrogen Sulfide

Mercaptan Sulfur

Sulfides

Disulfides and Residuals

^ Ar represents at least 50% of the total

* To convert to ppm multiply by 17, 7.63, 6.44 and 4.75 for
  mercaptan, sulfides and disulfides respectively


     The composition for the major constituents is based on data

taken for a continuous run at a 50 CFM withdrawal rate, lasting

from May 22 to June 30, 1975.  The data for the impurities is based

on more limited runs at a 75 CFM withdrawal rate.

     Test results at both Palos Verdes and Sheldon-Arleta show a

relatively  stable composition of 50-56% methane, 40-45% C02, about

1% N£» 0.1% 02, some heavy hydrocarbons and a hydrogen sulfide
MEASURED GAS COMPOSITION
VOLUME %
Avg . High
44.03 46.49
34.20 36.80
20.81 23.51
0.96 1.69
Saturated at 14.7
grains per 100
0.40
0.00
0.41
.Is 0.93
Low
41.38
30.73
19.98
0.48
psia and 90°F
ft.3*
- 0.91
- 0.33
- 1.80
- 1.65
                                    -4-

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content ranging from 0.5 ppm at Sheldon-Arleta to 45 ppm maximum



at Palos Verdes.  (3,4)



     The substantial nitrogen and oxygen content at Mountain View



indicates a high air leakage rate resulting from the shallowness



of this landfill  (40 ft.) as contrasted with the Los Angeles sites



where depth ranges from 100 to 140 feet.  The high hydrogen sulfide



content measured at Palos Verdes may result from its being a Class I



site that receives large quantities of toxic wastes of municipal,



industrial, and agricultural origin (ashes, refinery spent brines,



drilling muds, pesticides and fertilizers, etc.).



     Optimum production rates of about one CFM and three CFM per



foot of well were measured at Sheldon-Arleta and Palos Verdes re-



spectively.  It is difficult to explain the difference between the



two figures except by reiterating that the Palos Verdes Landfill is



a Class I site as opposed to the Class II Sheldon-Arleta site which



contains mostly household refuse.



     At Mountain View, a production rate of one CFM per foot of



well was corroborated.



     In general, landfill gas production  (wet basis) can be expressed



by the following equation: (•>)



                       SCFD = 18.77 x 106 (Ah/R2) (1)



Where SCFD is the production rate in standard cubic feet per day, A



is the area of the landfill in acres,  h is its depth in feet, and R



the radius of influence of the wells in feet.



     The estimated life of a production well is given by the follow-



ing equation:



                       t = 2.49 x 10~3 C R2 (2)
                                    -5-

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Where t is the life in years, C the fraction of carbon in SMW con-
verted to methane and carbon dioxide, and R is as defined above.
     Derivation of these equations is given in Appendix I.
They are based on the following assumptions:
     1.  Landfill gas has the composition given in Table 1.
     2.  The optimum gas withdrawal rate is one CFM per foot
         of well.
     At Mountain View, the area influenced by the 20 wells of the
demonstration project covers about 30 acres.  Using equation (1),
an average depth of 35 feet and a radius of influence of 130 feet,
the gas production rate is about 1.166 MMSCFD.   The proposed pipe
layout for the Mountain View project is shown on Figure 1  '''.
     Selection of a radius of influence of 130 feet was made on the
basis of tests carried out at Mountain View where pressure drop as
a function of distance from wellhead, elevation within the cell,
and gas withdrawal rate was investigated,  d)
     Using equation (2), a reasonable fractional conversion of car-
bon to methane and carbon dioxide of 0.24 corresponds to a 10-year
project life.  A 10-year project life was used in the economic anal-
yses to be discussed in another section of this report.

           TREATMENT PROCESSES FOR UPGRADING LANDFILL GAS
     When compared to natural gas, landfill gas is deficient in
several respects.
     First, due to the presence of carbon dioxide and nitrogen,
landfill gas has a lower heating value  (about 450 Btu/scf versus
1000-1- for natural gas) .  This relatively low heating value of land-
                                     -6-

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            GAS  COLLECTION NETWORK
      MOUNTAIN  VIEW SANITARY LANDFILL
   GAS MAIN 101
                      225' 3"  ='
310' 3"
EXISTING TEST WELLS
                       FIGURE NO.
                            -7-
            PIPE  SUMMARY
             3" = 3,950'
             8" :  905'
           TOTAL  4,855'

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fill gas poses different problems depending upon the way it is



used.  If used alone in a boiler originally designed to burn natural



gas or fuel oil, some retrofitting of the equipment may be required.



Retrofitting requires the replacement and/or modification of burners



and fuel lines to accommodate the higher gas flows.  A thorough



review of the utilization of this kind of gas in existing boilers



is discussed by A.  M. Frenberg (8).   it must be stressed that the



efficiency of an existing unit is not expected to decrease with the



firing of landfill gas, as illustrated in Figure 2.  This results



principally from the fact that the amount of flue gas per unit of



heat input is about the same as in the case of firing with natural



gas, as shown in Figure 3.



     If mixed with natural gas, as can be achieved, for example,



by injection of landfill gas into a utility's transmission line, the



heating value of the mixed gases must be kept above 975 Btu/scf in



PGandE's service area.  This specification is set so as to save PGandE



the expense of having to reset all appliances in the area receiving



the mixed gases.  Another difficulty with the mixing of landfill gas



with pipeline gas has to do with the specification requiring that the



heating value of the gas sold to a customer be on the average within



+ 2 Btu/scf of that shown on the customer's utility bill.  Meeting



this specification is particularly difficult in situations where a



constant flow of landfill gas is injected into a grid in which the



flow of gas varies hourly, daily, and seasonally.  It may very well



be that the way to deal with that last problem is to get a variance



from the regulatory agency that has jurisdiction over the project,



whenever possible.  In any event, these heating value specifications
                                    -8-

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limit the mixing ratio of landfill gas with natural gas.



     Second, landfill gas, as it comes out of the ground, is satu-



rated with water.  The water content is about 3,500 Ibs of water



per MMSCF of gas, as compared to a specified water content of 7 Ibs



per MMSCF for pipeline quality gas.  This water specification is



set so as to eliminate corrosion and hydrate formation problems



that would result from a high water content.



     Third, the presence of oxygen in landfill gas is undesirable



as oxygen causes corrosion and tends to react with the odorants



introduced in pipeline gas to facilitate the detection of leaks.



For this last reason, PGandE deems it necessary to limit the oxygen



content in the mixed gases to about 40 ppm.



     Finally, the presence of sulfur compounds in landfill gas is



of concern as the trend has been to limit the content of these com-



pounds to about 4 ppm in pipeline gas.



     In order to deal effectively with the deficiencies described



above, landfill gas must be treated so as to improve its quality.



     Many schemes for treating landfill gas were investigated by



PGandE as part of its involvement in the Mountain View Project.



They are described below:





Dehydration of Landfill Gas with Molecular Sieves



     Molecular sieves are crystalline aluminosilicates, honey-combed



with cavities which are interconnected by pores varying from about



3 to 10 angstron units in diameter depending upon the particular



crystal.  Molecular sieves have the largest surface area per unit



volume of any solid absorbent.  In addition, molecular sieves have



highly localized polar charges.  These localized charges explain the
                                    -11-

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very strong absorption of polar or polarizable compounds on



molecular sieves.  This also results in much higher absorptive



capacities for these materials by molecular sieves than by other



absorbents, particularly in the lower concentration ranges.



     The flow scheme for molecular sieve dehydration is shown in



Figure 4.  Landfill gas is compressed to about 400 psig, then



cooled, and condensed water and organic liquids are separated



from the gas in a knock-out drum.  The gas then flows to a mole-



cular sieve dryer, which reduces the water vapor content to less



that 7 Ib/MMQCF.  Two dryers are required so that one can be re-



generated while the other is in use.  In the scheme shown, re-



generation is accomplished by taking a slip-stream of the dry



product gas, approximately 15% of the total flow, reducing its



pressure, flowing the stream through the dryer to be regenerated



and recyling it to the compressor inlet.  The water vapor picked



up is condensed in the air cooler and separated from the gas in



the knock-out drum.



     The water which this process and the following ones remove



can be injected back into the landfill unless there is already an



excess of leachate.




Dehydration of Landfill Gas With Triethylene Gycol



     A triethylene glycol  (TEG) system can also be used to dehydrate



landfill gas to normal pipeline specifications of 6-7 Ibs H-O/MMSCF



gas.



     The factors which have led to the widespread use of glycols



for gas dehydration are their unusual hygroscopic!ty, excellent



thermal and chemical stability, low vapor pressures, and ready
                                    -12-

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 availability at moderate cost.  Of the available glycols,



triethylene glycol is generally the preferred absorbent where



maximum dew-point depression is required.  The principle reason



for this is its greater stability at the high temperature required



for adequate regeneration.



     A flow diagram for this process is provided in Figure 5.  A



knock-out drum is placed in the compressor suction line to remove



bulk contaminants (solid and condensed liquids).  After compression



and cooling (during which most of the water is removed), the gas



stream enters the TEG absorber/separator tower.  The lower part of



the tower is a separator which removes any free liquids in the gas



stream prior to its entering the absorber section.  The remaining



water-saturated gas then enters the absorber section of the tower



where it counter-currently contacts lean triethylene glycol on



bubble-cap trays.



     The glycol stream containing from 1 to 5% water contacts the



gas in a short, counter-current column.  The water which is ab-



sorbed dilutes the glycol somewhat, and the dilute solution must



be reconcentrated before it can be reused in the absorber.  The



reconcentration is accomplished by distilling water out of the



solution in a regenerator.  Because of the large difference in the



boiling points of water and glycol, a very sharp separation can be



accomplished with a relatively short column.  Some water reflux



must be provided at the top of this column to effect rectification



of the vapors and minimize glycol losses.  Excessive decomposition



of the glycols may occur if the temperature reaches too high a



level.  A recommended maximum temperature is about 400°F for TEG.
                                   -14-

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Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal With Molecular Sieves
     A molecular sieve system similar to the one described in the
Dehydration section can be also used to remove carbon dioxide and/
or hydrogen sulfide.  The only basic change is in the quantity
and pore size of the sieve pellets used.
Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal With TEG and Hot Potassium
Carbonate
    Coupling the TEG dehydration system described previously with
a hot potassium carbonate scrubbing system would allow the removal
of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide as well as dehydration.  A
typical flow sheet for a hot carbonate C0_ and H2S removal
(sweetening) process is shown in Figure 6.
     Landfill gas containing C02 and HLS  (sour gas) flows through
a separator (not shown in Figure 6) and a gas-to-gas exchanger.
Heated sour gas enters the absorber in which it is contacted
counter-currently with lean hot potassium carbonate.  The absorber
in a hot carbonate plant normally operates at about 230°F and
400 psig.  CO, and H2S are absorbed by the lean carbonate solution.
     The sweetened gas leaves the top of the absorber (with a high
water content) and passes through the gas-to-gas exchanger.  Be-
cause of th« sweetened gas1 water content,   dehydration is normally
required.  The TEG system described previously can accomplish the
required dehydration.
     Rich carbonate solution leaves the bottom of the absorber and
flows to the stripper which operates in the range of 2 to 10 psig.
The sudden release in pressure flashes a  large portion of the
acid gases on the top tray.  The partially stripped solution then
flows down the stripper for further regeneration with steam from
                                   -16-

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 SIMPLIFIED PROCESS FLOW  DIAGRAM

      HOT CARBONATE  PROCESS
SWEETENED
GAS OUT


  SOUR

 GAS IN
          ct
          UJ
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               LEAN SOLUTION
             RICH SOLUTION
o.
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                                1ACIO GAS
                                  OUT
      .STEAM
                       LS^J?
           FIGURE NO.
                    -17-

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the reboiler.



     The acid gases, together with some water vapor, pass over-



head and through the condenser.  Steam is condensed and separated



from the acid gases in the reflux accumulator.  From the accumlator



water is returned to the stripper as reflux and the acid gases are



flared or further processed.



     Lean solution from the bottom of the stripper is pumped to



the top of the absorber for reuse.  Temperature at the bottom of



the stripper will normally run in the 240-250°F range.




Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal With The DMPEG Process



     The DMPEG process, which dehydrates landfill gas as well as



removes carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, is shown in the



simplified process flow diagram of Figure 7.



     Landfill gas is compressed and cooled by exchange with the



treated gas.  Condensed water is separated prior to contact with



the solvent which physically absorbs carbon dioxide.  The solvent



is the dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol  (DMPEG).



     The cold lean solvent entering the top of the absorber re-



duces the temperature of the treated gas enough to condense suffic-



ient water to meet the product gas water vapor content specification.



     DMPEG having significantly greater solubility for hydrogen



sulfide than for carbon dioxide, some selectivity for hydrogen



sulfide can be designed into the absorption system.



     No reboiler heat is required for solvent regeneration.  The



solvent is chilled prior to two flash separations.  The first



flash separation releases dissolved methane which is recirculated.



The second flash generation vents carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and



water vapor to the atmosphere.  The product gas has a water content less
                                    -18-

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than 7 Ibs/MMSCF and contains less than 5% carbon dioxide.  In



some instances, particularly when treating for hydrogen sulfide



removal, gas stripping or vacuum regeneration will be required.




Liquefied Natural Gas Manufacture



     To remove other impurities from the landfill gas such as



oxygen and nitrogen, cryogenic methods would have to be employed.



Essentially, these methods are similar to those used in the pro-



uction of liquefied natural gas, and involve compression, de-



hydration, C0_ removal, and refrigeration to liquefy methane.  The



cost of this approach is prohibitive for volumes of gas in the 1-5



MMSCFD range.  This is shown in Table 2 of the section on Economics



of Treating Landfill Gas.




Propane Addition



     This is a method of increasing the heating value of landfill



gas by blending this gas with propane which has a very high heating



value (2,517 Btu/scf).  A typical flow diagram for this blending



process is shown in Figure 8.



     Three separate cases were considered.  In Case A, dehydrated



landfill gas  (~450 Btu/scf) is blended with propane to produce a



1,000 Btu/scf gas.  If treated gas from the dehydrator is available



at a minimum pressure of 50-100 psig, the compressor shown in



Figure 8 would not be required.  A process outlet pressure of



75 psig should be adequate to deliver the gas to most customers



without further compression.  Injection into^ a gas transmission



grid will, however, require much higher pressures.



     Case B is similar to Case A except that the landfill gas has



a heating value of 700 Btu/scf which corresponds to landfill gas
                                     -20-

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with water, and carbon dioxide removed.



     Case C uses 975 Btu/scf which corresponds to landfill gas



which has had water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen removed.




Economics of Treating Landfill Gas



     The economics of landfill gas treatment are presented in



Tables 2 and 3.



     The data in Table 2 is preliminary and comes from a screening



analysis performed in the spring of 1975.  Consequently, this



data is in mid - 1975 dollars, and is based on vendor estimates



rather than firm quotes.



     The economics are for a raw landfill gas flow rate of 1 to



5 MMSCFD.   When completed, the Mountain View Landfill is expected



to produce approximately 5 MMSCFD  of raw gas so a flow rate of



1 to 5 MMSCFD  was used for preliminary evaluation.



     As can be seen from Table 2, costs of treating landfill gas



increase as a higher quality gas is produced.  For simple de-



hydration  (500 Btu/scf product) estimated costs are $0.31 to



$0.50/MMBtu (Options I and II).  For dehydration plus CO, removal



(700 Btu/scf product) the treating costs increase to $0.62 to



$1.00/MMBtu (Option III).  The cost of removing all impurities



(975 Btu/scf product) is $1.93/MMBtu.



     The propane addition cases are based on maximum gas flow



rates of about 4.5, 3.0 and 1.5 MMSCFD  respectively.  As propane



addition would take place downstream of landfill gas treating,



these gas rates match well with the maximum outlet rates corre-



sponding to the three levels of treating considered  (dehydration,



dehydration plus C02 removal and removal of all impurities).  For
                                   -22-

-------
instance, the cost of treating and upgrading landfill gas using



molecular sieves in Option III is $0.62 plus $1.45 for propane



addition for a total of $2.07 per MMBtu.  This includes both the



cost and the heating value of propane, with the cost in this case



amounting to approximately 1.6 million dollars per year on the



basis of a propane cost of $0.30 per gallon.  Excluding both the



cost and the heating value of propane itself, the capital, operat-



ing and maintenance costs for propane upgrading are approximately



0.13, 0.07 and 0.04 $/MMBtu for the three levels of treatment



respectively.



     The preliminary economics of Table 2 do not include a pay-



ment to the landfill operator for purchase of the gas or the costs



of installing the necessary wells and collection system.



     On the basis of the preliminary treating economics of



Table 2, a decision was made to proceed with the Mountain View



Demonstration Project using Option Iir gas treatment (700 Btu/scf



product), with injection of the treated gas directly into a near-



by PGandE natural gas transmission line.  This decision was taken



for the following reasons:



          1.  The experimental nature of the project made it



              impractical to attempt sale of the gas to nearby



              industrial gas customers (not a sufficiently



              reliable supply).



          2.  Other uses of the landfill gas production or on-



              site electrical generation  are costly and neces-



              sitate a larger capital investment for a small scale



              demonstration project which may not have a long



              enough life to be economically viable.
                                  -23-

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           3.  The proximity of a large transmission line



               which does not depend on landfill source gas



               makes pipeline injection an economical and low



               risk approach.



           4.  Option I  (simple dehydration) would depress the



               heating value of the mixed landfill and natural



               gas too much during periods of minimum flow in



               the transmission line.



           5.  Option IV  (removal of all impurities) and propane



               addition are both expensive and unnecessary if the



               landfill gas is injected into the high flow trans-



               mission line.



     Table 3 presents final design economics for treating landfill



gas by dehydration and C0_ removal (Option III).  It is based on



a landfill gas flow rate of 1 MMSCFD.   This flow rate was selected



because it is large enough to demonstrate the economic viability



of the concept but holds capital risk to a minimum.  The data in



Table 3 is expressed in early 1976 dollars, and is the result of



analysis of firm vendor bids received in conjunction with the final



design for the Mountain View Demonstration Project.



     In addition to the information contained in Table 2, the



data in Table 3 includes the cost of wells, gathering system and



analytical equipment.  The cost of these items amounts to between



0.18 and 0.23 dollars per MMBtu delivered to the treating plant.



     Table 3 shows the molecular sieves to have a substantial



advantage over the other processes considered.  This is largely



the result of its higher thermal efficiency.  In addition, there
                               -26-

-------An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.

-------
are indications that operation at reduced gas flow rates favor



molecular sieves over DMPEG.  With the molecular sieves process,



the cost of treating landfill gas at 5 MMSCFD to produce 700 Btu/



scf gas is estimated at $1.9/MMBtu.



     Neither Table 2 or Table 3 includes long distance landfill



gas transportation costs, as such transportation is not required



for the demonstration project.  Generalized landfill gas trans-



portation costs are discussed in the next section.



     In all cases, except for those relating to propane addition,



the fixed charges constitute the largest fraction of the total



investment.  In this analysis a fixed charge factor 0.248 was



used.  It is broken down as follows:



             Capital Recovery Factor            0.160



             Federal and State Income Taxes     0.057



             Ad Valorem Tax                     0.030



             Insurance                          0.001



                 Total                          0.248



     The factor is based on a 12% cost of capital, a 10-year life



and a salvage value of 30%.  The use of such factors is standard



practice in the utility business.  Private, non-regulated companies



can use the capital and operating cost data to perform their own



discounted cash flow computations.
                               -28-

-------
Gas Transportation



     Two nomographs  (Figures 9  and  10) have been developed



which provide generalized cost  data for the transportation  of



landfill gas as  a function of:  distance to the point  of utiliz-



ation, flow rate, available supply pressure and heating value.



The delivery pressure in each case  is assumed to be  25 psig.  The



cost to transport the gas is given  in cents per million Btu and



is based on 1975 dollars.  Pipeline construction costs are  inter-



mediate for terrain between difficult and normal.  The pipeline



facility in each case is assumed to have a 10-year life.




Other Uses of Landfill Gas



Electric Generation



     As discussed previously, on-site electrical generation has



already been shown to be a viable use for landfill gas by the



City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power.   They have



successfully operated a 200-kilowatt generating unit for over  a



year at their Sheldon-Arleta Landfill.




     The types of electrical generating equipment investigated



were:  1)  engine-generators, 2)  gas turbine-generators and  3) fuel



cells.



        1)   Engine-Generators



     Of the manufacturers contacted by PGandE, the engine-generator



suppliers showed the most interest.   This is probably due to the



present application of their engines to the generation of power



from sewage plant off-gas which has about the same heating  value



as landfill gas.
                                -29-

-------
    LANDFILL  GAS TRANSPORTATION  COST
                   DEHYDRATED   GAS(~500  BTU/SCF)
100 -r
90-
80-
 70--
 10--
        COST BASED  ON 1975 DOLLARS
    AND 25 PSIG DELIVERY PRESSURE

Example 1:
Given gas available at 2.5 MMcf/day, and
100 PSIG, find the cost to deliver the
gas 8 miles.
Solution:
Place a straight edge on scale B at 2.5
and on the mile scale at 8, read the answer
on the cost scale, 39.6C/MMBtu.
Example 2:
Given gas available at 2.0 MMcf/day, and
400 PSIG, find the cost to deliver the/
gas 7 miles.                      /
Solution:
Place a straight edge on scale
2.0 and on the mile scale at
read the answer on the cost
scale, 24.4C/MMBtu.
                                                -2.0
                                              /:
                                   e A at
                                   7, /
                                      SCALE ®/k«
                                MMCF/DAY oD 400 PSIG
                                                -4.0
                                                 •3.5
                                                 •3.0
                                                — 2.5
                                                — 1.5
                                        — 1.0
                                        _ .9
                                        — .a

                                        _ .75
                                          SCALE
                                    MMCF/DAY oO 100 PSIG
               MILES OF PIPE
-5.0
-4.5

-4.0

-3.5

 3.0


•2.5
                                                     L-2.0
                                                      -1.5
                                             - 1.0
                                             .  .9

                                             -  .8
                                             - .75
                                             FIGURE  NO.
                                 -30-

-------
               LANDFILL GAS TRANSPORTATION  COST
DEHYDRATED GAS  WITH CARBON  DIOXIDE  REMOVED 4 SUBSTITUTE  NATURAL  GAS
                             (700  OR  975  BTU/SGF)
                              COST BASED ON 1975 DOLLARS
   100-r-              AND 25 PSIG DELIVERY PRESSURE.
            Example  1:
            Given gas available  at 2.5 MMcf/day, 400 PSIG and 700 Btu,
            find the cost to deliver the gas  10 miles.
            Solution:
   90
   80- -
      	    cost scale, IS.lC/MMBtu.
   70
   60
 CD  50
    10
            Place a straight edge on scale B at 2.5 and on the mile scale
            at 10, read the answer on the cost scale,  20.3*/MMBtu.
            Example 2:
            Given gas available at 1.5 MMcf/day, 400 PSIG, and 975 Btu,
            find the cost to deliver the gas 7 miles.
            Solution:
            Place a straight edge on scale A at 1.5 and on
            the mile scale at 7, read the answer on the
                                     //
                             10.0
                             0           SCALE
                                  MMCF/DAY (D400PSR5,
                           •0      975 BTU
1-9.0
-4.0
r3.5
1-3.0
                                                    -2.0
                                                     .5
                                                    -1.0
                                                    _ .5
                                              SCALE 0
                                    MMCF/DAY CO 400 PSIG,
                                     700 BTU
                     M!LES OF PIPE
r-5.0
r4.0
E-3.5
1-3.0
 2.5

12.0
                                                         -1.5
                                                         -1.0
                                                        — .5
                                                  FIGURE  NO..
                                          -31-

-------
        2)  Gas Turbines



     In general, the gas turbines seemed to be of the wrong size




for landfill field capacities investigated (0.2 - 5 MMSCFD).



They were either too small with the result that a number would



be installed in parallel or too large with the consequence that



they could not efficiently burn the fuel.



        3)  Fuel Cells



     As fuel cells are still in the early developmental stages,



the suppliers could not respond in any detail.  However, this



option should be kept in mind as a possible future means of gener-



ating electric power from landfill gas.  One supplier confirmed



that the gas composition is suitable for use in its fuel cell and



estimated that the heat rates would be 9,660 Btu/kwh.  Fuel gas



supply pressure would need to be about 35 psig which would not



impose a large auxiliary power requirement.



     The engine-generator appears, at this time, to be the economical



choice.  Its first cost is slightly less than the gas turbine-



generator, its net heat rate is better, maintenance costs are about



the same, and it requires less compression of the fuel gas before



injection into the engine.  (Gas pressures of 5 to 10 psig are



satisfactory for the spark type engine, and about 50 psig required



for the diesel, whereas gas turbines require 250 to 300 psig).



     A generating plant would consist of one spark type engine-



generator for a 0.2 MMSCFD gas supply and three units for a 1.0




MMSCFD gas field.  A field whose capacity exceeds a 1 MMSCFD but



is under 5 MMSCFD would be served by one low-speed, diesel-generator



unit.
                                 -32-

-------
      Figure 11 of this report shows a simplified equipment
diagram for on-site power generation.  Figures 12 and 13 are
graphs showing gross electric power generation versus landfill
gas field capacity for various higher heating values of the gas,
and capital cost (in February 1975 dollars) versus generating
capacity respectively.
      Since PGandE does not have a great deal of experience in
the operation or maintenance of engine-generator units, it has
relied on the suppliers for estimates of the costs involved.  An
operating and maintenance cost of 3.0 mils/kwh should be represent-
ative for the spark type engines and 1.5 mils/kwh for the low-
speed, diesel engines.
      Figures 13 shows the estimated installed plant costs in
February 1975 dollars versus electric output for a unit burning
500 Btu/scf gas.  The cost includes indirect and overhead charges
and is based on purchasing new equipment with engineering and
construction done by PGandE personnel.  No provision was made for
a gas collection grid, land, or the purchase of the landfill gas.
The curve shows a general decrease of plant cost in $/kw as the
generating capacity increases as would be expected, but it also
indicates the high cost of this type of generation.  For example,
a 10 mw generating facility would cost about 300 $/kw.
      The generating equipment is skid-mounted and factory-piped
and wired wherever possible to minimize installation time and to
provide for easy relocation of the facility in the future.  All
pieces of equipment with the exception of the gas compressors,
step-up transformer(s), high voltage breaker(s) and high voltage
                                  -33-

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                            -35-

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                                  -36-

-------
bus are contained within a building to provide weather protection



and sound attenuation.  Air-cooled heat exchangers are used



throughout so that make-up water is kept to a minimum.



     The generator output voltage is 4.2 kv with step-up trans-



formers provided to raise the voltage to 12 kv, which is typical



for PGandE's distribution.  The auxiliary power supply is stepped



down to 480 V.  A simplified single line diagram is included in



Figure 11.



     The injection of a small quantity of pilot oil into the fuel



gas is recommended by the supplier for the diesel-generator unit.



This would provide a better fuel composition for ignition by the



heat of compression within the engine cylinders.  Typical pilot



oil would be No. 2 diesel fuel oil, kerosine, etc.



     The emission of atmospheric pollutants is not expected to be



a problem.  When firing a gas with a composition shown in the



landfill gas quality and production rate section, they should be



well within the applicable State and local regulations.



     Assuming that a centralized generating complex would be pro-



vided, the following minimum space requirements would be needed:



            Field Capacity          Plot Length       Plot Width



              0.2 MMSCFD              140 ft.           80 ft.



              1.0 MMSCFD              150 ft.          110 ft.



              2.0 MMSCFD              155 ft.           80 ft.



              3.0 MMSCFD              160 ft.           80 ft.



              5.0 MMSCFD              165 ft.           80 ft.
                                  -37-

-------
     Due to the successful utilization of sewage plant inter-



mediate Btu off-gas as a fuel for diesel and spark type engines,



it can be concluded that it is technically feasible to fire land-



fill gas in these engines.  Compression of the gas to the 5 to 50



psig level is required, but this does not impose a significant



auxiliary power load on the generation capabilities.  Plant heat



rates should be about 9,800 Btu/kwh for the spark type engine and



about 9,300 Btu/kwh for the diesel engine.  About 26% of the heat



available in the fuel is rejected in the exhaust gases at about



1,050 F, and the remaining heat is lost to the jacket cooling



medium, the lubricating oil and by radiation.  Part of the exhaust



gas heat could be easily converted into low pressure steam which



may be of some value at or near the site.  In the sewage plant



applications, this heat is used to heat sewage sludge digesters.



     The economics of generating electricity from landfill gas



are shown in Table. 4.  At a landfill gas rate of 1 MMSCFD, 1.8 mw



of capacity can be sustained at a cost of $0.037 per kwhr.  This



would make electricity from landfill gas competitive with power



to be generated in new coal-fired or nuclear plants.




Conversion To Methanol



     Another use of landfill gas is its conversion to methanol.



For the small capacity plants that would be used in this type of



operation, the low-pressure process for producing methanol is far



more economical than the high pressure one.



     For this particular use of landfill gas, the presence of



carbon dioxide in the gas could prove to be advantageous.  The



stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to carbon required to produce
                                 -38-

-------
                                 TABLE 4

PRELIMINARY ECONOMICS OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM LANDFILL GAS



     Raw Landfill Gas Rate, MMSCFD                   1.0

     Generating Capacity, kw                       1,800

     Electric Output, Kwhr/yr 1)              13,400,000

     Total Installed Cost of Generating        1,600,000
       Equipment, $

     Fixed Charges, $/yr  2)                     397,800

     Operation and Maintenance at $.003/kwhr,     40,200
       $/yr

     Fuel Costs at $0.45/MMBtu 3) and 9,800       59,100
       Btu/kwhr

     Total Costs, $/yr                           496,100

     Cost of Electricity Generated, $/kwhr         0.037


     1)   Based on 310 days of operation per year

     2)   Based on factor of 0.248 (see Table 2 for details)

     3}   Represents what it would cost PGandE to install the
         equipment to extract, gather and compress the gas to
         about 5 psig.  Also includes what PGandE might pay
         for the gas.
                                  -39-

-------
methanol is 2:1.  This is shown by the overall reaction which is:
          CH2 + H20 _ ^ CO +2H2 _ ^ CH OH
Methane with its 4:1 hydrogen to carbon ratio would produce,
after reforming, a synthesis gas with an excess of hydrogen.
Carbon dioxide in the feed stream would add the needed extra
carbon atoms.  A survey of samples taken from Shoreline Regional
Park, however, has shown that the composition of landfill gas is
such that there is still an excess of carbon dioxide present
which may or may not have to be removed, depending on the economics
of the particular process chosen.  Preliminary clean-up costs have
been taken into account in our sample economics.  Any sulfur con-
tained in the gas would also have to be removed in order not to
poison the catalyst in the converter later in the process.
     The feed stream {see Figure 14) is reacted in the primary
reformer to form synthesis gas:
          CH4 + H20  - >  CO + 3H2
          C0  + H   , --  CO + H0
The synthesis gas is then compressed to between 50 and 100 atomo-
spheres depending on the size of the plant.  The gas enters the
methanol converter where it is reacted over a copper oxide catalyst
at temperatures in the range of 480 - 520°F.  The methanol is
separated from the unreacted gas by cooling and the unreacted gas
is recycled through the process.
     The low pressure process produces a crude methanol of higher
purity than does the high pressure process, but distillation is
still required to remove the impurities.  The distillation process
employs two columns, the first of which strips volatile impurities
                                 -40-

-------An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.

-------
(dimethyl ether, esters, ketones, and iron carbonyl) and the



second removes water and higher alcohols.  If the methanol is



to be used as a fuel rather than as a petrochemical feedstock,



the higher alcohols need not be separated form the methanol and



thus only one column would be necessary.



     Some sample economics for methanol production are shown in



Table 5.   Since methanol production is uneconomical for small



volumes of gas, plant throughputs of 5 and 10 MMscfd were chosen.



It is possible for some of the larger landfills or a group of



landfills to produce this volume of gas.  The economics are based



on January 1975 dollars.  No provision has been made for wells,



collection grid, land, or purchase of the gas.




                            Table 5



            Investment Costs For Methanol Production
LANDFILL GAS FLOW
Process Investment, M$
Product, Short tons/day
Product Cost, $/MMBtu
$/gallon
The Mountain View Landfill
5 MMSCFD
5,000
68.5
4.01
0.26
Gas Recovery Project
10 MMSCFD
7,500
137
2.55
0.17
- A Case History
     In the summer of 1974, following a survey of the 32 existing



landfills in the San Francisco Bay Area which showed fourteen of



these sites to have good potential as gas producers, PGandE agreed



to assist the City of Mountain View on an EPA-sponsored study of



gas recovery in shallow landfills at the Mountain View site.



     In the summer of 1975, the project was expanded to include



a demonstration facility to extract and treat one MMSCFD of
                                -42-

-------
landfill gas.  The EPA agreed to contribute $200,000 to the pro-



ject.  PGandE agreed to pay for the balance of the project cost,



estimated at $416,000.



     In the fall of 1975, a contract was successfully negotiated



by PGandE and the City of Mountain View that sets forth the price



to be paid for the gas and the conditions under which the facility



will be designed, built and operated.  The contract also discusses



the procedure to be followed for expanding the project to recover



gas from the rest of the landfill.  A copy of the contract is




attached in the Appendix.



     As part of the screening analysis carried out in order to



get management approval for the expanded demonstration project,



the following decisions were made regarding the scope of the



project:



     1.  Production was limited to 1 MMSCFD of landfill gas at



         the wellhead.  This production rate is representative



         of what the fourteen promising sites in the San Francisco



         Bay Area can sustain.  It limits, to an extent, the risk



         capital tied down in the project.   Finally, it is large



         enough that it produces gas which is competitive with



         what PGandE pays for gas imported from Canadian sources,



         providing EPA's contribution is deducted from the total



         investment.



     2.  The concept of distributing dehydrated landfill gas to



         industrial interruptible customers located in the vicinity



         of the landfill was rejected as the landfill gas was not



         considered a sufficiently reliable source and the few
                                -43-

-------
         customers that could use the gas showed an erratic



         demand pattern which would require frequent shutdown of



         the facility.  In addition, the construction of a low-



         Btu gas distribution grid would have required prior



         approval of the Public Utility Commission of the State



         of California.



     3.  Injection of the treated gas (700 Btu/scf) into trans-



         mission line 101 was chosen over injection into the



         local distribution system at Mountain View in order to




         meet the two specifications relating to heating value



         (mixed gas heating value of 975 Btu/scf, and fluctuations



         within +2 Btu/scf) that are discussed previously.  The



         fact that transmission line 101 runs across the Mountain



         View Landfill favored injection into the transmission



         system.  Figure 15 locates the Mountain View project



         with regard to PGandE's transmission system on the



         San Francisco Peninsula.



     Late in the fall of 1975, specifications were prepared for



the compressor and the treating unit that were sent out for bids.



A copy of these specifications is included in the Appendix.  Bids



were received in January of 1976.  Following review of these bids,



revised economics were prepared and form the basis of Table 3 in



the section on economics.




     The process using molecular sieves has since then been



selected and orders have been placed for the equipment.  A new



round of bids have been requested for a somewhat modified com-



pression scheme involving  compression to some intermediate pressure,
                                -44-

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-45-

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followed by treating and subsequent compression to 400 psig.



The process is illustrated in Figure 16.



     The facility is expected to be in operation by the early 1977,
                                -46-

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47

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                                   APPENDIX


  I.   Derivation of Working Equations

        Quantity of gas produced per ton of SMW

        Tonnage in place as a function of area and depth

        Volume and time calcuation
 II.   Specifications for Landfill Gas Compressor and Purification
      Unit for Mountain View Landfill Project


III.   Agreement between the City of Mountain View and PGandE
      relating to the Mountain View Landfill Project
                                 -48-

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I.  Derivation of Working Equations

    Quantity of Gas Produced per Ton of SMW

        Assuming that one Ib mole of carbon yields one Ib mole

of gas, then the volume of gas produced per ton of SMW is:

                   V = 16,540 scf/ton of SMW <3)

        This number assumes 100% conversion of carbon and a carbon

content of the as-received SMW of 26% by weight (6).

        Correcting for air leakage and assuming, in addition, that

this gas has the composition shown in Table 1,  the volume at the

wellhead would be on a wet basis:

                  VREC = 21135 C, scf/ton  (4)

Where C represents the fractional conversion of carbon to gas.

    Tonnage In-Place as a Function of Area and Depth

        The tonnage of refuse in-place is related to landfill area

and depth as follows:
                     W = 0.807 Ah p
              where  W = tons of SMW in-place
                     A = landfill area, acres
                     h = landfill depth, feet
                     p = in-place density of SMW, Ib/yd

        Assuming that p = 1,000 Ib/yd3, the equation becomes:

                     W = 807 Ah  (6>

    Volume/Time Calculations

        The City of Los Angeles Water and Power Department and the

City of Mountain View have, on the basis of their testing of the

methane from landfill concept at the Sheldon-Arleta and Mountain

View sites, established an optimum production rate of one CFM per

foot of well depth.
                                   -49-

-------
        On this basis, the production rate of a  site  is  given

by the following equation:

                     Q = 19.97 X 106   (Ah/R2)  (7)

Where:

        Q = production rate at wellhead conditions, CFD

        R = well radius of influence, feet

        A and h are as defined above

Under standard conditions of temperature and pressure, the  pro-

duction rate equation becomes:

                  SCFD = (Q)  (Tsc)   (Pwh)    (8)
                              (Twh)   (Psc)
                       = 0.94Q

Where:

                   Tsc = 520 °R

                   Twh = 550 °R

                   Pwh = 14.6 psia

                   Psc = 14.7 psia

        Combining  (8) and  (7), the following equation is obtained:

                  SCFD = 18.77 X 106  (Ah/R2)  (1)

This equation was used to generate the graph on  Figure 17.

        It is obvious that:

                 (VREC)  (W) = 365  (SCFD)  (t)  (9)

Where:

                     t = time, year

        Combining  (1),  (6),  (4) with  (9), the latter  equation

becomes:

                     t = 2.49 x 10~3 CR2  (2)
                                  -50-

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                                                 d
                                                 z

                                                 UJ


                                                 to

                                                 \L
til
   -51-

-------
                                                           Specification No.   2785
GM
184662
VOC. OIV.
8
*cc.
1125
"aw

'HK __
211
           II
                               SPECIFICATIONS

                                    For

                         FURNISHING AND DELIVERY

                                   OF A

                      COMPRESSOR  FOR LANDFILL GAS

                                   AT THE

                CITY OF  MOUNTAIN  VIEW LANDFILL FACILITY
                      PACIFIC GAS MID ELECTRIC COMPANY
                         San Francisco, California
                                                  )ER—SIGN  HERE TO INDICATE
                                             THIS HAS BScN USED IN PP.EPARING PROPOSAL
                                             SIGNATURE	

                                             DATE	
APPROVED BY    C.  J.  TATEOSIAN
              Manager, Gas System Design

DATE:        September  23, 1975
                                     -52-

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                          ADDENDUM
                    Specification No.  2785
    Bidder shall quote as an alternate the additional cost
    of furnishing all gas piping,  valves,  fittings,  pres-
    sure vessels (excluding cylinders),  heat exchangers,
    etc.,  for 600 psig working pressure at 300°F in  lieu
    of the 400 psig working pressure at 300°F requested
    in the attached specification section 7.1.  Operating
    conditions will remain the same.
2.  The second sentence of Paragraph 7.1 should read as
    follows:

            All gas piping shall be in accordance
            with the requirements of Paragraph
            192.111 of CPUC G.O. 112-C.
                             -53-

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                                                     Specification No. 2785
                                                     September 23, 1975
                                                     Page  1

                             SPECIFICATION 2785
                   COMPRESSOR FOR LANDFILL GAS UTILIZATION

1.0  GENERAL

          This Specification covers furnishing one  (1) heavy-duty compressor
     plant to be located on the San Francisco Bay shore.  The plant will
     consist of a reciprocating•compressor with  heavy-duty  gas engine, gas
     scrubbers, gas cooler, and necessary appurtenances for a self-contained
     unit, all mounted on a rigid structural steel  skid.  Electric drive
     shall be quoted as an alternate.   The unit  service will be compressing
     landfill gas from approximately atmospheric pressure to 400 psig  (maxi-
     mum).  Normal operating exit pressure will  be  350-400  psig.  Unit is to
     be fully automatic except for manual start  and capable of operating
     unattended except for daily servicing.  Design emphasis should be placed
     on reliability of operation and low maintenance cost.  Compressor should
     be able to operate 72 hours without attendance.

          All requirements of this Specification are to be  met by the  supplier
     unless specifically noted otherwise.

     1.1  Attached data sheets and General Conditions Specification  (F-D)
          (MF) are a part of this Specification,
2.0  OPERATION CONDITIONS

     2.1  The gas to be compressed and also used for fuel in the engine (if
          gas driven) is landfill gas of the following composition:
                                          SAMPLE ONLY
                                          NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                   -54-

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                                                     Specification No. 2785
                                                     September 23, 1975
                                                     Page 2
          Constituent                                       Percent
              CH^                                     40-45
              C02                                     30-35
              02                                     0.5-2.0
              N2                                     19-24
              H2                                     0-0.02
              CO                                     0-.01
              H2S                                     0.02
              H20                                     Sat'd 
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                                                 Specification No.  2785
                                                 September  23, 1975
                                                 Page  3
     3.2.3  High lube oil temperature.

     3.2.4  High jacket-water temperature.

     3.2.5  Vibration.

     3.2.6  High liquid level in suction and discharge scrubbers.

     A pneumatic shutdown and enunciation system is preferred.

3.3  Complete safety shutoff valves, pilot valves,  regulating valves,
     and all engine piping and manifolding necessary for a landfill  gas
     fuel system.

3.4  All foundation bolts, nuts, washers, jackscrews and soleplates.

3.5  Oil pumps, gauges, and integral piping for a complete, automatic
     lubrication system.

3.6  One complete set of special tools.

3.7  A Peco Full Flow Oil Filter.

3.8  Mechanical tachometer with clutch mounted on engine.

3.9  A suitable residential exhaust silencer.

3.10 A silenced intake air filter; American Air Filter Cycoil or equal.

3.11 Automatic temperature control of the engine and compressor jacket
     water and lube oil, both by direct acting temperature controlled
     three-way bypass valves.
                                    SAMPLE ONLY
                                    NOT FOR COMMERCIAL  USE  WITHOUT
                                    WRITTEN PERMISSION  FROM PG&E
                             -56-

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                                                     Specification No. 2785
                                                     September 23, 1975
                                                     Page 4
     3.12 A fuel gas heater with bypass  connected to the jacket water system.

     3.13 An automatic governor and speed  control which works through the
          governor spring and not by a throttle  actuating device - a governor
          whose setting can be controlled  by  a 3-15# signal.  (Controller is
          to be furnished by Purchaser.)   Bidder is requested to include in
          his quote the manufacturer model and type of governor to be used
          along with a drawing which shows how the remote speed control
          device operates.  No bid will be considered that does not have this
          information.
4.0  The bidder shall furnish the following with each compressor:

     4.1  Compressor cylinders shall be designed for 400 psig  operating
          pressure and hydrostatically tested to 600 psig.

     4.2  Compressor shall be furnished with oversized 72 hour capacity
          cylinder forced feed lubricators.

     4.3  Compressor cylinder rod shall have vented flurocarbon packing.

     4.4  Compressor cylinders shall have pneumatically operated suction valve
          and clearance pocket unloaders as required suitable  for operation
          with digester gas at a maximum pressure of 50 psi.

     4.5  Compressor cylinders will be piped for cooling.

          Note;  Purchaser will furnish the unloader and speed control system
                 controls.
                                          SAMPLE ONLY
                                          NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                     -57-

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                                                      Specification No.  2785
                                                      September  23,  1975
                                                      Page 5

5.0  COOLING EQUIPMENT FOR EACH UNIT

     5.1  General

          .Cooling for jacket water,  lube oil,  compressor cylinders,  and  gas
          shall be accomplished with a forced  draft air cooled heat exchanger.

          Cooling equipment shall be designed  to provide sufficient cooling
          at minimum engine speed and full engine BMEP.  The  design operating
          conditions are as follows:

          5.1.1  The gas cooling coils shall be designed for  the lower of the
                 maximum cylinder pressure or  400 psig at 300°F.

          5.1.2  The water cooling coils shall be designed for 100 psig  at
                 250°F.

          5.1.3  The design ambient air temperature is 30-100°F.

          5.1.4  The minimum net tube side fouling factor shall be 0.004 for
                 the gas cooling coils, 0.001  for the engine/compressor water
                 cooling coils.

          5.1.5  Elevation of the location is sea level.

          5.1.6  Maximum gas discharge temperature leaving cooler shall be
                 120°F.
                                          SAMPLE  ONLY
                                          NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                       -58-

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                                                Specification No. 2785
                                                September  23, 1975
                                                Page  6
5.2  Cooling Coils
     All coils used in the air cooled heat  exchanger  shall  consist of
     tubes with either continuous  helical fins  or  extruded  fins and
     adequate supporting framework.   The design shall be  such  that the
     tubes are individually removable for replacement and repair without
     disconnecting piping.  All coils shall be  hydrostatically tested
     at one and one-half times their design working pressure.

5.3  Headers

     5.3.1  Headers shall be preferably of  the  box type design with
            brass plugs opposite each tube  end. Tube holes shall be
            drilled, reamed and grooved in  accordance with  standard heat
            exchanger practice for rolled tube  joints.  Headers shall be
            either cast steel or welded steel.

     5.3.2  Gas headers shall comply with the provisions  of the ASME
            Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels and  be  Code stamped.  The
            Manufacturer shall supply appropriate  code certificates.

     5.3.3  All headers shall be supplied with  vents  and  drains and all
            nozzles shall have at  least one 3/4-inch  plugged connection.

5.4  Fans and Driving Mechanisms

     5.4.1  Fans shall be adjustable pitch  with a  minimum of four blades.
            Fan tip speeds shall not exceed 9,000  feet per  minute.

     5.4.2  The cooler fan shall be driven  from the engine  through a
            heavy-duty mechanism,  suitable  for  the variable speed
            operation of the engine.
                                    SAMPLE ONLY
                                    NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE  WITHOUT
                                    WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                              -59-

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                                                     Specification No. 2785
                                                     September  23, 1975
                                                     Page  7
          5.4.3  Safety Guards
                 The bidder shall furnish  individual guards for the mechanical
                 drive equipment and  the fan of  the cooler.  Guards shall com-
                 ply with the provisions of  the  Safety Orders  issued by the
                 State of California,  Division of  Industrial Safety and OSHA.

          5.4.4  Bidder shall completely fill out  and return the attached
                 data sheets.
6.0  SCRUBBERS

     Baffle drip type scrubbers with reflex type liquid  level  gauges, high
     level automatic shutdown and automatic drains shall be installed on  both
     inlet, outlet, and interstage sides of the compressor.
7.0  PIPING

     7.1  General
          All gas piping, valves, fittings and pressure vessels shall be
          designed for 400 psig working pressure at 300°F.  All gas piping
          shall be in accordance with the latest edition of the American.
          Standard Code for Pressure Piping.  All pressure vessels, heat-
          exchangers, etc., shall comply with the ASME Code for Unfired
          Pressure Vessels.
                                          SAMPLE ONLY
                                          NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                       -60-

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                                                     Specification No. 2785
                                                     September 23, 1975
                                                     Page 8
     7.2  The necessary fuel  gas piping, valves, relief valves, and regulators
          shall be provided by  the bidder.  PG&E will furnish the gas meter.

     7.3  All drains from various headers,  drips, and automatic liquid dumps
          shall be piped to a common location on the skid.

     7»4  Removable screens mounted  in  frames shall be installed on the inlet
          flange of each compressor  cylinder.  These screens will be removed
          after the unit has  been placed in operation long enough to determine
          that no further dirt  is going into the compressor.

     7.5  Instrument and control piping shall be seamless stainless steel
          tubing.  In addition, the  suction valve unloaders and clearance
          pockets shall be connected and piped to a single point on the skid
          to be designated later.  These lines will connect to a separate
          panel to be mounted adjacent  to  the skid.  (This panel will be
          supplied by Purchaser.)
8.0  GAUGE BOARD AND INSTRUMENTS FOR EACH UNIT

     8.1  A gauge board shall be installed in a  convenient place on the skid,
          in such a manner for ease in reading and  shall include the following
          instruments:

          8.1.1  Main gas suction pressure to each  stage of  compression.

          8.1.2  Main gas discharge pressure from each  stage of compression.

     8.2  The bidder shall include the following Rochester 3" radial dial
          type temperature indicators:

          8.2.1  Main gas suction to each stage  of  compression.

                                         SAMPLE  ONLY
                                         NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                  -61-   WRITTEN  PERMISSION FROM PG&E

-------
                                                      Specification No.  2785
                                                      September 23, 1975
                                                      Page 9
           8.2.2  Main gas discharge from each stage of compression.

           8.2.3  Gas discharge from the gas cooler.  (All temperature indica-
                 tors to have stainless steel thermometer wells.)
 9.0  STRUCTURAL DETAILS FOR EACH UNIT

      9.1   Bidder  shall provide a structural steel skid so that it can be
           bolted  and  grouted in the conventional "stationary plant" manner.
           The main skid base shall be built from "I" beams with adequate
           cross bracing and channels on top of the beams forming a sub-base
           for mounting the compressor.  The size of base and "I" beams shall
           be stated on the attached data sheet.  An adequate number of holes
           shall be provided through the skid to allow bolting down the skid
           on a concrete pad in the field.  The entire structure shall be
           rigid to provide safe stability and operation of the compressor.

           Lifting bars shall be built into the ends of the skids.
10.0  PREVENTION OF RUST-PAINTING-GALVANIZING

      10.1  Exterior Surface Preparation

            10.1.1  Cleaning - All surfaces  of  ferrous metal, except machined
                    surfaces, shall be cleaned,  dried, and  free of oil and
                    grease.-  All heavy slag  accumulations,  metal leaves or
                    blisters, weld splatter, or other irregularities shall be
                    removed by appropriate mechanical means after which all
                    mill scale, rust and old paint  shall  be removed by blast

                                         SAMPLE  ONLY
                                         NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE  WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                   -62-

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                                          Specification No. 2785
                                          September 23, 1975
                                          Page 10
        cleaning in accordance with  the latest edition of the
        Steel Structures  Painting Standard SSPC SP 10 for Neat-
        White Blast Cleaning.  Anchor depth of surface profile
        shall not exceed  .002 inches (2 mils).

10.1.2  Priming - Within  twenty-four (24) hours after blast
        cleaning or before reoxidation can take place, one or more
        coats of one of the following approved primers listed below
        shall be applied  to these surfaces.  A total dry thickness
        of between 2 and  3 mils  is required.  Coating thickness
        shall be maintained over welds, edges of plates, or other
        sharp projections or rough areas.  All painting shall be
        done in accordance with  the  Steel Structures Painting
        Council Standard  SSPC-PA-1-64 Paint Application
        Specifications.

10.1.3  Approved Primers

         Manufacturer       Manufacturer No.       Brand or Name
        Mobil Chemical              #7              Mobilzinc
        Ameron                      #6              Dimetcote
        Carboline                 #11              Carbo-Zince

10.1.4  Finish Coat - A finish coat  is not required.

10.1.5  Machined Surfaces - Machined surfaces shall be protected
        with a suitable rust-inhibitive coating.
                             SAMPLE ONLY
                             NOT FOR COMMERCIAL  USE  WITHOUT
                             WRITTEN PERMISSION  FROM PG&E
                        -63-

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                                                      Specification No. 2785
                                                      September 23, 1975
                                                      Page 11

11.0  Bidder shall pipe  and arrange all equipment in such a manner as to
      provide accessibility for maintenance.  The completed unit assembled on
      the skid shall be  portable over California State Highways without
      special permit.
12.0  Bidder shall provide the  services of  a  competent serviceman for five
      days for supervising the  installation of  the unit and placing it in
      operation.
13.0  PURGING AND CLEANING

      Bidder shall clean all piping of  dust,  dirt, weld beads, etc., prior to
      shipment.  All openings shall be  closed prior  to shipment.
14.0  TESTING
      When the skid mounted unit is complete,  the bidder  will  make  an  operating
      test in his shop by starting up the engine and  running it  long enough  to
      check the following applicable items:

      14.1  Cylinder alignment.

      14.2  Proper operation of the oil and water cooling equipment, including
            pressure and temperature control.

      14.3  Proper operation of all liquid level controls.
                                          SAMPLE ONLY
                                          NOT FOR COMMERCIAL  USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN PERMISSION  FROM PG&E
                                     -64-

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                                                      Specification No. 2785
                                                      September 23, 1975
                                                      Page 12
      14.4  Proper operation of all engine or motor shutdown devices.

      14.5  Proper operation of all pressure and temperature indicating
            devices.

      In addition, the bidder will  test  all piping and equipment in accordance
      with the ASME and ASA Codes (see Paragraph 3.2).

      Bidder shall notify purchaser in sufficient time, prior  to testing, to
      permit having a PG&E inspector present during testing, if so desired.
15.0  INFORMATION

      15.1  Six copies of an operating manual  for each complete unit shall be
            provided when the equipment is  shipped.  These manuals shall
            include the following:

            15.1.1  Operating and maintenance  instructions and parts lists for
                    all equipment.   (When general manufacturer's bulletins are
                    supplied, the specific  item used shall be marked.)

            15.1.2  A listing in one place  of  operating specifications and
                    instrument and  control  settings for levels, temperatures,
                    pressures, speeds, etc., for all equipment.

            15.1.3  A set of performance curves showing horsepower and capacity
                    versus suction  pressure for the compressor, throughout its
                    operating range.  (Assume  400 psig discharge.)

            15.1.4  Operating instructions  for the unit as a whole, prepared
                    by the bidder,  and showing proper startup, running, and
                    shutdown procedures.

                                          SAMPLE  ONLY
                                          NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN  PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                     — 65 —

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                                                 Specification No.  2785
                                                 September  23, 1975
                                                 Page 13

      15.1.5  One complete set of construction drawings.

15.2  Shipping instructions shall be furnished by PG&E at a later date.

15.3  The correspondence pertaining to the specifications,  drawings,  and
      job may be addressed to:

                      Mr. C.  J. Tateosian
                      Pacific Gas and Electric Company
                      77 Beale Street, Room 2857
                      San Francisco, CA  94106

      All telephone calls may be made to:

                      Mr. R.  A. Holden
                      (415) 781-4211, Extention 1448
                      or
                      Mr. R.  W. Headrick
                      (415) 781-4211, Extention 3706

15.4  Bidder will sign below to indicate that his quotation covers
      equipment in accordance with the above specification, and, that
      if exception is taken to any provision above, it is specifically
      stated to be an exception in the quotation.
                                                 Bidder
                                     SAMPLE ONLY
                                     NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                     WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                -66-

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                                                                    SAMPLE  ONLY,  NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL
                                                                    USE WITHOUT WRITTEN  PERMISSION
                                                                    FROM  PG&E
                                                                                                   General Condition*
                                                                                                    
-------
                                                                     SAMPLE  ONLY,  NOT FOR  COMMERCIAL
                                                                     USE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
                                                                     FROM  PG&E
                                                                                                     General Conditions
                                                                                                     (F-D)(Mn
  S.O   TITLK
            }.l  Till* to th« equipment un.l/nr motvi l.il  fiiniliihu.l  hereunder uhall paau to PC4E. "fob veeeel, car  or
      othor vehicle, point of shipment".  Should the  equipment  imd/or material be received et destination by PCiE In •
      damaged condition and any clnltn for damiijte 
-------
                                                                     SAMPLE ONLY, NOT FOR  COMMERCIAL
                                                                     USE  WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
                                                                     FROM PG&E
                                                                                                      Ci'iu't'ul ComUl l',n«»
                                                                                                      (I -II) (MK)
10.0  CANCr.l.l.ATlON PKOVISION
           10. I   If VCil. Hhall l»> requln'il or uWinx It mlvUnl>ji< as a tllrt-ct  "i  Indirect  t'oniKiqurntc ot  rtnv governmental
      «. lion, . r fur oth'T good nnd aiifrutant rc.ison, Co miHpvnd or terminate clip wxrk hiring performed pursuant Co this
      Spui 11  U'utlon, Hi; 4 r may ila mi liy written niilli'i-.  Supplier thereupon ahull  t:ik* wh.-itever ectlon wlcli r«ip«ct to
      work In process an will tend to minimize- Itw cliifin nujinHt PG4t.   PCiE  vLll  pay Supplier * ressonitble suspension
      or termination churge, excluding nny -allownm-i; t»r anticipated profits  i purpose of witnessing tests, making Inspections, and preparing prog-
      ress reports, PGitl's Inspector shall be notified well In advance  of the starting of the work and he shall be given
      full si-ceas to the shop at all times during working hours during  the period  of manufacture,  aa well »» full access
      to all  shop teata performed by Supplier.  On request, Supplier shall provide PCiE's Inspector with t list of prin-
      cipal production touts and Inspection points.  Supplier shall'provlde reasonable advance notice of the time of
      thime tents and Inspections which PGiE'e Inspector Indicates he Intends to witness.  If certain tests are apecl-
      (lud 10 b« witneasud by VCiK'n Inspector, It Khali net be construed to  limit access to other shop tests,  KiE's
      inspei'Cnr shall Iiave ucce»n to all test and Inspection records pertinent to  this contract.  Supplier shall require
      nub con true tors and supplier! performing work pursuant to this contract  ID conform to the requirements of this
      Puragr.iph .
           U.I  Material feats;  should material teHtii be required by  Engineer, Supplier will be  advised tn ample tine
      s>< choc 'cue specimens c»n he provided during thr Khnp immufacture,   Unless  otherwise provided, such tests shell
      bs nuiilt1 In accordance with requirements of the jppllcable ASTH standard'!.
           11.4   Certified Test Reports!  Supplier nh.il] furnish to Engineer  certified copies of all test reports.  The
      number  of  copies r«qulred~shall be aa specified In the Specific Conditions hereof.   These test reports, In addi-
      tion tn hrlng certified, shall be approved by PC.iE's Inspector In the vicinity before being  sent to Engineer,

           11 -^   Field Tents!  Field tests shall bo made at the expenle of FC&E oxcept that the expense of Supplier's
      reyrvitentutlves, if any, shall be borne by Supplier.  If for any  reason whatsoever  the equipment and/or MterUl
      dueu  nut meet the guarantees agreed upon In any respect and it is necesnsry  for Supplier to  make alterations for
      ch.' purpose of n«eting these guarantees, additional tests required to show the effects of such alterations shall
      be performed by Supplier at Its own expense.
           11.6   Location of PCirE's Inspector!  The location of ths headquarters of FG&E's inspector may be obtained
      from I'C&K'n Department of Engineering Services, Inupectlun Section,  77  lleale Street, San Francisco, CA 94106.

           11.7   Inspections and Tests Not Deemed Waiver:  The witnessing of  such  testa end the receipt of reports of
      such tcHCx by Engineer, and Supplier's compliance with all provisions of this section concerning inspections and
      tests shall not constitute a waiver by FC&E of uny warranty concerning  Che equipment and/or  natcrlal, nor relieve
      Supplier of eny warranty concerning said equipment and/or material.


IZ.O  SHIPMKNT

           12.1   Carlo.nl Shipments!  Thirty (30) days prior Co shipment,  routings  on csrload shipments, together with en
      outlined xketch nhowing shipping dimensions and weights, shall be forwarded  for approval to  PG&E's Traffic Bureau,
      II  Heiilf Street,  S.m Franc-toco, CA 94106,   Supplier shall be responsible fur assuring that equipment snd/or tiate-
      rlul  U properly  prepared for shipment and loaded fa as to prevent  damage during shipment.  At or prior to the
      time  nf xlilpment,  Supplier uhall forward to FR&F's Traffic Bureau complete details, including any diagrams or
      xlii'tches prepared, concerning the method anil technique of preparing chc equipment and/or material for shipment and
      lod.HnK, Including chose utilized tn prevenC  hoch external and internal  damage during shipment,  loading,  and
      iHilnnillnjt.

           \i.'i   Material List ;  A complete lint nf nil material ahtpptd  shall he  mailed  to the work sltv.

           12.)   Bills  of Isdtng:   Hills of lading  sh.ill bu mulled to Fi,&E as  follows;

                 12.31   Rencrsl Construction Department,  77 Reals Street,  San Francisco,  CA 94106.

                 12.12   Materials  Department,  Trsfftc  buroau,  77 Beale  Street, San Francisco,  CA 94106.

                 12. 33   1o the work situ.
                               Innpsefnr  In  the  vicinity,  The  location of th" headquerters of  this  Inspector  may  be
           "hfnlned  (rum  I'G&K'i  Department of  Kng Inner Ing Services, Impacting Section,  77 (eele Street,  S«n  Francisco,
           I't.'i   tdunlll Uat,lon>   All  ruuLlnjH,  'iki'trhvx, nutrrlsl  lUcv, anil Mils of  lading shall bo  Identified with
      PliM'/'i  piirrhaae  urdsr  numbi'r,  spot 1 1 lent Ion numltwi , .ind  plant na/no.

                                                                                                                       j
      ll.»7'.'                                      .,-   CC-1                                                   B-l-71
                                                 — o y —

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                                                                   SAMPLE ONLY, NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL
                                                                   USE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
                                                                   FROM PG&E
                                                                                                     General Condition*
                                                                                                     (F-D)(MF)(HISC)
11.0  INDEMNITY
           13.1   Supplier ahall  Indemnify  PG&E,  Ite officers, agent", and employees, against all loaa, danage, aspenae.
      and liability resulting from Injury  to  or  death of person,  Including, but not United to, employee* of PG&E and/or
      Supplier,  or Injury to property,  Including but not limited  to, property of PC&E and/or Supplier, arising out of or
      In any wiry connected vlth  the technical direction of  installation, inspection, or construction performed by Sup-
      plier'* representatlvea at  PG&E's work  site in conjunction  with the equipment and/or materiel furnished herounder,
      excepting  only auch Injury  or death  as  nay be caunrd  by the eole negligence or willful nieconduct of PC&E.  Sup-
      plier ahall, on PG&K's request, defend  any suit anserting a claim covered by this Indemnity.  Supplier ahall pay
      all costs  that may be Incurred by PG&E  in  enforcing the indemnity, including reasonable attorney's fees.


U.O  WABHANTIES

           U.I   Workmanship and  Materials;   Supplier shall warrant that the equipment and/or material and all part*
      thereof furnished by Supplier, whether  or  not manufactured  by Supplier, shall be of the kind and quality described
      in the purchase order or contract (which shall Include this Specification) will be free of defects In workmanship,
      •aterlsl,  and title, ahall  perform in the  manner hereinafter sat forth in Paragraph 14.2, shall be of good and
      merchantable quality and shall be fit for  its Intended purpose.

           16.2   Performance: Supplier shall warrant that  when the equipment and/or material is plsced in operation or
      used It vtll perform In the manner set  forth in the purchase order or contract, which shall include this
      Specillcation.

           14.3   Remedies;  Supplier shall agree that if It shall appear within twelve (12) months from the date of
      shipment,  that the equipment and/or  material delivered hereunder does not meet the warranties specified above and
      PO&E notifies Supplier promptly upon the discovery of the defect or nonconformity, Supplier shsll acknowledge
      receipt of such notice of  defect  or  nonconformity and shall inform PC&E in writing within five (5) days of receipt
      of such notice as to whether:

      (e)  Supplier will,  it its  expense,  immediately repair or replace the equipment and/or material or otherwise
           correct it so that It  will meet and conform to the warranties specified above, provided, however, that If
           Supplier should elect  to repair said  equipment and/or  material, such repair shall be effected in such • man-
           ner aa not to lnterferu with construction and operations conducted by PC&E, end In such e Banner as not to
           Interfere or brrach any labor agreements between PG&E  or its contractors or subcontractore and labor unions
           performing work for PG&E, its contractors or subcontractors; or

      (b)  Supplier authorizes PG&E to  repair the equipment and/or material, or have it repaired, or otherwise correct
           the nonconformity, or  have  it corrected, so that the equipment and/or material will meet and conform to the
           warranty specified sbove, and agrees  to pay PG&E the cost of such repair, replacement, or correction.

                 14,31  All freight charges  Incurred in connection with any such repair or replacement shall be borne by
           Supplier.

                 14.32  If Supplier Is  obliged to correct defects aa herein provided, the warranty period for the
           impaired or replacement part shall extend for one year from completion of repair or Installation of auch part
           provided the same Is  not unreasonably delayed by PG&E.

           14.4   Limitation of Liability:   It shall be agreed that if Supplier shall so replace, repair, or otherwise
      correct the defect or nonconformity, or so authorize  PG&E to repair, replace, or otherwise correct the defect or
      nonconformity and payx or  agrees  In  writing to pay the cost of such repair, replacement, or other correction, such
      shsll constitute fulfillment "f all  liabilities of Supplier to PC&E for any claim based upon such defect or non-
      conformity, and in such uvent, except as to title and except as provided In the paragraphs entitled "Infringement
      Protection" and "Indemnity," Supplier shsll not be liable for special or consequential damage*.  If Supplier so
      replaces,  rcpsira, or otherwise  corrects the ilefccl or nonconformity, or no authorises PG&E to repair, replace,
      or otherwise correct the defect or nonconformity nnd  pays ths cost of sucli repair, replacement, or other correc-
      tion, and  1( subsequently  lit >loter»lned eltlu-r by agreement between Supplier and PG&E or any court of competent
      jurisdiction that Suppllor  IH not liable for such defect or nonconformity, PG&E will repay or refund the sum no
      paid by Supplier.  In any  oveiit.  Supplier's liability for nny claim based upon such defect, nonconformity, or
      noneonipllanitt shall not exroed the total price of tlir equipment and/or material furnished under this Specification
      except no  provided In the  paragraphs entitled  "Warranties," "Infringement Protection," and "Indemnity."
                                               -70-                                                                *a
      3.;>3:4                                     /u       CC-4                                                    4-1-70

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 mil                                               SAMPLE  ONLY,  NOT FOR COMMERCIAL        General Condition*
                                                   USE WITHOUT  WRITTEN  PERMISSION         

                                                   FROM PG&E
u.o  PATKOTS

           15.1   Approval  ot  Payment*!  Payaente will be made only upon  the approval of PG&E and In accordance with the
      teraa of  tha sgreeaeat.

           15.I   Invoices I  Supplier ahall randar all Invoice* In quadruplicate for payment whan dua.  Involcaa ahall ba
      Mllad toi   Pacific  Oaa  and Electric Company, Poat Office Box 7760,  San Francisco. CA 94119.  Involcaa ahall indl-
      cata dallvery chargaa,  supervision of installation chargaa, If any,  and axe 1st taxaa aa single aaparate items
      apart from  tha coat  fob  vessel, car, or other vehicle,  point of shipment. FG6E'a specification nuabar, purchaaa
      ord«r nunbar, and  plant  name ahall appear on all invoice!.

           15.3   Supplier's Responsibility:  Full payment by  PC&E ahall  not relaaae Supplier of Ita raapooalbllty to
      fully carry out Ita  contract obligatlona.

           15.4   Releaasi  Tha acceptance by Supplier ol Clnal paynent made under the terra hereof shall operate aa and
      ba a raleaaa of PG&E ond evrry office and agent thereof, of and from all  claims of Supplier for any and all things
      done or omitted by or on behalf of PC&F. In connection with, relating to,  or growing out of this contract for the
      work dona hereundar.


16.0  METHOD OF PAYMENT

           16.1   Preferred Hathodi  Payments on the purchase  price ahall be made aa follows:

                 16.11  Ninety-five percent (951) of tha component price thirty (30) daya after Invoice data and receipt
           of supporting bill  of lad tag evidencing shipment,  provided the  equipment and/or material la received at work
           alte and no apparent defect* or daaaga la observed.  Tha  invoice data ahall be cha data of delivery to tha
           carrier.

                 16.12  five percent (it) thirty (30) daya  after passing the acceptance testa described in this Speci-
           fication.   In tha event aucb teata are delayed more than  seven  (7) months after the data of operation eat
           forth  In thia Specification and deliveries have  not been delayed and the equipment does not appear damaged,
           defective,  or nonconforaing with the contract, the  final payment will then become payable.  Unless otherwise
           agreed,  no  paynant  ahall be deemed to constitute an acceptance of the equipment or any component part thereof
           or a releesa  of any responsibility or obligation of Supplier.

           16.2   Alternate Method I  Bidder may preaent an alternate scheme of payment in addition to Bidder's baalc  pro-
      poaal  which ahall  comply with thla Specification,  but PC&B reserves the right to adhere to the method outlined
      above.  The bsalc  propoaal ahall be labeled "Baalc Proposal," and any alternate designated "Alternate Proposal."
     3.1*13                                             COS                                                   4-1-/0
                                                          -71-

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                                                          Specification No.  2774
GM
184662
LOC. CIV.
8
«cc.
1125
"Miff1

?at
211
           II  (Continued)




                               SPECIFICATIONS

                                   For

                        FURNISHING AND DELIVERY

                                  OF A

                    LANDFILL  GAS PURIFICATION UNIT

                                 FOR THE

               CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW LANDFILL FACILITY
                      PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY
                        San Francisco, California
                                            BIDDER—SIGN HERE  TO
                                            THIS HAS BSEN USED IN PREPARING PROPOSAL
                                            SIGNATURE......

                                            DATS	
APPROVED BY    C. J. TATEOSIAN
              Manager, Gas System Design

DATE:          September  15,  1975
                                       -72-

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                      ADDENDUM
                Specification No. 2774
Bidder shall quote as an alternate the additional cost
of furnishing all gas piping, valves, fittings, pres-
sure vessels, heat exchangers, etc., for 600 psig working
pressure in lieu of the 400 psig working pressure re-
quested in the attache'd specification.  The applicable
ASME and ANSI Codes shall be adhered to.
                         -73-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 1  of 12
                  SPECIFICATION FOR ACID GAS REMOVAL UNIT
                       FOR LANDFILL GAS UTILIZATION
1.0 SCOPE
    1.1  This Specification covers the supplying of one (1)  completely
         packaged HjO, CO™, and H_S removal plant to be installed at the
         Mountain View Landfill in Mountain View, California.

    1.2  The entire plant shall be supplied complete with all equipment and
         accessories necessary for automatic and unattended operation,
         testing, and routine maintenance unless specific exemption is made
         below.

    1.3  Refrigeration processes are not covered in detail in this specifi-
         cation.  However, Sections 2, 3 and 6-13 remain applicable for any
         proposed processes.  If a refrigeration process is proposed,
         bidder shall submit, with quote, a detailed equipment bill of
         materials which includes metallurgy, for PG&E evaluation.  A
         control schematic shall also be submitted.

    1.4  Bidder must quote on specifications but may quote on as many
         alternates as desired.

    1.5  General Conditions Specification  (F-D)(MF) is attached hereto and
         made a part hereof.
                                        SAMPLE ONLY
                                        NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                        WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                     -74-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 2 of 12

    1.6  Specification 2785 (attached) shall be used for compression
         equipment.  Bidders who elect to submit proposals for both speci-
         fications, may wish to optimize the pressure level for acid gas
         removal at some intermediate pressure.  If so,  please so specify
         and include a description on your flow sheet.  However, each
         specification shall be adhered to so far as is  practicable and all
         exceptions shall be specifically stated.  In addition, each bidder
         shall submit a detailed equipment specification sheet including
         proposed metallurgy, a control schematic, and applicable codes and
         standards under which this would be designed and constructed if
         different from the ones listed herein.

2.  GENERAL DESIGN CONDITIONS

    2.1  Wind load - 20 psf on 2/3 of projected area.

    2.2  Earthquake - 0.50g Horizontal Loading.

    2.3  All pressure vessels shall be fabricated, inspected, tested, and
         found acceptable in accordance with the latest  edition of the ASME
         Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels.  This shall  include in all
         instances, even if not required by the Code, 100 percent X-ray of
         all welded joints.  Radiograph films shall be made available to
         the Pacific Gas and Electric Company inspector.

    2.4  Perform Charpy V-notch impact test on at least  three specimens of
         material used which will average 15 ft-lb at -20 F, with no single
         specimen below 10 ft-lb at -20 F.  Specimen size shall be 10 mm x
         10 mm x 55 mm.  If cryogenic processes are proposed (<0°F), the
         transition temperature shall be determined for  the designated
         metallurgy and submitted to PG&E for approval.

                                       SAMPLE ONLY
                                       NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                       WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                 -75-

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                                                 Specification No.  2774
                                                 September 15, 1975
                                                 Page 3 of 12
2.5  All the fabrication shall be done by welders qualified in
     accordance with Section IX, Welding Qualifications,  of the ASME
     Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and conform to Appendix D of
     Section VIII, "Suggested Good Practice Regarding Internal
     Structures."  Prior to fabrication, the manufacturer shall submit
     a description of welding procedure and type of welding and welding
     electrodes to be used.

2.6  After fabrication and in every instance, even if not required by
     the Code, post weld heat treatment of the vessel (as outlined by
     Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code) is
     required by Pacific Gas and Electric Company.  Vessel shall be
     code-stamped.  All welds, internal and external, shall be conti-
     nuous and equal to the parent material strength and ductility.

2.7  Weld defects shall be removed by chipping, grinding, or arc-
     gouging to sound metal.  Repairs to welds shall be done in such a
     manner as not to gouge, groove, or reduce the base metal thickness.
     If the repair is in a section requiring radiography, it shall be
     re-radiographed.

2.8  All piping shall be designed to a 0.5 Design factor, in accordance
     with the requirements of Paragraph 192.111 of CPUC G.O. 112-C.
     All piping requiring  field installation shall be flanged or
     beveled for welding.

2.9  All plant controls and accessories shall be so designed that
     copper and alloys having more than 70 percent copper do not con-
     tact landfill gas or  natural gas.  Stainless steel  tubing or  steel
     piping shall be used  exclusively  to  supply  gas  to all instrumenta-
     tion equipment.  A filter  shall be installed on  the instrument
     supply immediately upstream of each  individual  control device.
                                     SAMPLE ONLY
                                     NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE  WITHOUT
                                     WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                              -76-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 4 of 12
    2.10 All connections 2 inches and larger shall be flanged.   All flanges
         shall meet the appropriate ANSI Service Rating.   Flanges with
         higher than ANSI 150 rating shall be raised face weld neck suit-
         able to 0-ring type seals manufactured by Parker Gask-0-Seal.
         Where required, Gask-0-seals shall be supplied.

    2.11 Connections less than 2 inches shall be minimum 2,000-pound
         couplings and fittings.  Only steel piping or stainless steel
         tubing and Gyrolok fittings shall be used.

    2.12 All threaded connections shall be assembled using Teflon tape.  In
         addition, all threaded solvent piping shall be seal welded.

3.  DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS

    3.1  Landfill gas may be supplied to the process at 300-400 psig and
  /Jo /•iJ-OQ-F.  (See compressor spec. 2785.)  For cryogenic processes
         bidder may wish to combine compressor spec. 2785 with cryogenic
         compressor.
    3.2  Inlet Digester Gas Analysis   Compressor
       % by Volume
                                           co2
                                           H2S
                                           CO
                                           AR
        40 - 45
        30 - 35
        0.02 (Max)
Sat'd @ 4 in W.C. 100°F
        0.5 - 2.0
        19 - 24
        0 - 0.02
        0 - 0.01
        Trace
                                        SAMPLE ONLY
                                        NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                        WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                 -77-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 5 of 12
    3.3  After compression, landfill gas will be saturated with H?0 at
         300-400 psig, 120°F.

    3.4  Product Gas shall have <3% C0_ and <4 ppm H S.   HO content
         would preferably meet our current pipeline specification of
         7///MMSCF; however 20-30///MMSCF could be tolerated.  Sensitivity
         of cost (both operating and capital) to the amount of H_0 removed
         shall be indicated for the range 7-30//H 0/MMSCF product gas.

    3.5  Design flow                     1 MMSCF/D landfill gas (Total Feed)

    3.6  Ambient air temperature                               30°F - 100°F

    3.7  Percent of design flow at which unit is                 ^ ._
                                                                 j&
         capable of meeting exit gas specifications              -WJ-"- 100%

4.  ABSORBER-DESIGN CONDITIONS

    4.1  Normal ASME design pressure (at 120 F inlet).             400 psig

         If gas purification is accomplished at lower pressure,
         please state new proposed ASME design pressure.

    4.2  Maximum gas pressure drop across plant at design
         flow conditions  (include heat exchangers and
         outlet piping)                                             2 psid

    4.3  Absorbers shall  be supplied complete with all internals, all
         exterior connections and nozzles, suitable liquid level controls
         (Fisher 2500 series liquid level controls and Fisher dump valves
         shall be used) and all other accessories required for unattended
         and automated operation.  Unit shall also have  the following:
                                         SAMPLE ONLY
                                         NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM  PG&E
                                     -78-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 6  of 12
         4.3.1  1/2" pressure taps across each tray (if used).

         4.3.2  3/4" drain connection for each tray (if used).

         4.3.3  System shall be properly protected against overpressure
                according to ASME Codes utilizing relief valves with relief
                valve isolators having a pressure connection for testing
                the relief valve in place.

    4.4  Provision shall be made for access to all trays and all inside
         parts.  Two manholes shall be provided,  one at the top and one at
         the bottom of the unit(s).

    4.5  Where possible, equipment shall be skid mounted.

5.  SOLVENT REGENERATION [If applicable]

    5.1  If possible, a direct fired solvent regenerator shall be used.
         Other methods of solvent regeneration may be quoted as an
         exception.

                                                  3
    5.2  Landfill gas at 100 psig (-400-450 Btu/ft ) will be supplied to
         the regenerator skid by PG&E.

    5.3  All heat exchangers, refrigeration units included, shall be
         designed and constructed in such a manner as to allow easy
         maintenance.

    5.4  All valves except fuel gas valves shall be OS&Y wi-th removable
         seats.  Appropriate materials shall be used to sustain long valve
         life.

    5.5  Insulation shall be accomplished in the manufacturer's shop
         wherever possible.
                                      SAMPLE ONLY
                                      NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE  WITHOUT
                                   _7BRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E

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                                                     Specification  No.  2774
                                                     September  15,  1975
                                                     Page 7  of  12
    5.6  A pressure indicating gauge shall be provided on the output  of
         each controller or pressure control valve.

    5.7  Two fuel gas control valves, in series shall be provided.  Each
         shall have an individual thermostat.  Main  burner(s) shall have
         automatic shutoff if pilot outage occurs.   Pilot shall be  equipped
         with a completely automatic electric igniter assembly.  Igniter
         shall be capable of re-ignition on pilot outage and re—sequencing
         main burner; if pilot re-ignition is unsuccessful after three (3)
         tries unit shall shut off pilot and main burner(s) and one (1) set
         of SPDT alarm contacts shall be operated.

6.  DETAILED INFORMATION THAT MUST BE SUPPLIED WITH  BID (SIX COPIES OR ONE
    REPRODUCIBLE)

    6.1  A flow diagram showing the type of equipment, process cycle, and
         material and heat balances where appropriate, e.g., absorbers,
         heat exchangers, and regenerator.

    6.2  An itemized list of all equipment and its cost, fob destination,
         separately tabulated along with its related instruments, controls,
         and accessories.  The latter three shall be identified by the
         service they accomplish.   (Show amount of freight allowed.)

    6.3  Dimensions, typical outline, arrangement, and sectional drawings,
         or cuts of each type of major equipment.

    6.4  Operating requirements, e.g., fuel  (gas), steam, water, electric
         power  (pumps), solvent makeup, etc.
                                      SAMPLE ONLY
                                      NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE  WITHOUT
                                      WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                  -80-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September  15, 1975
                                                     Page 8  of  12
7.  SUCCESSFUL BIDDER SHALL FURNISH
    7.1  Six copies or 2 reproducibles of preliminary design drawings  for
         approval, earliest possible date.  Upon final approval by PG&E,
         two (2) copies and one (1)  reproducible of all drawings shall be
         furnished.

    7.2  Ten copies of an operating  manual that shall contain:

         7.2.1  Mill test reports on plate material.

         7.2.2  Manufacturer's data  report, Form U-l, for unfired pressure
                vessels.

         7.2.3  Post weld treatment  charts.

         7.2.4  Hydrostatic test charts for vessel(s).

         7.2.5  Schematic on 17-inch by 11-inch sheets - one covering
                solvent flow and one covering fuel and instrumentation
                circuits.

         7.2.6  Final, as built, dimensional drawings for contactor,
                reboiler, exchangers, and all other pressure vessels,
                stamped and certified by signature.

         7.2.7  Complete specification of all materials, assemblies, and
                equipment not covered by Section 7.0.

         7.2.8  A set of three (3) Charpy V-notch impact specimens.

         7.2.9  Complete operating instructions and maintenance
                recommendations.

                                         SAMPLE ONLY
                                         NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                    -81-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September  15, 1975
                                                     Page  9  of  12

    7.3  Pacific Gas and Electric Company GM number and purchase order
         number and date on tower and reboiler nameplate.

    7.4  At no extra charge, a serviceman to set controls  and "start up"
         plant.

    Note;  Mail Items 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 to:

                        Mr. C. J. Tateosian
                        Manager,  Gas System Design Department
                        Pacific Gas and Electric Company
                        77 Beale Street, Room 2857
                        San Francisco, CA  94106

8.  LADDER AND PLATFORM

    8.1  A suitable working space and caged access ladder  shall be provided
         to facilitate testing and maintenance requirements  of  the relief
         valve and the bursting disc assemblies.  Note Item 4 in General
         Conditions (F-D)(MF), Laws and Regulations, attached.

9.  PREVENTION OF RUST - PAINTING - GALVANIZING

    9.1  Painting Surface Preparation:  All surfaces of ferrous metal,
         including interior surfaces from which the rain is excluded by
         continuous welds except lubricated parts and machined  surfaces and
         parts listed in the galvanizing paragraph below,  shall be dry and
         cleaned and free of oil and grease.  Heavy slag accumulations, all
         metal leaves or blisters, weld splatter, or other irregularities
         shall be removed by appropriate mechanical means after which all
         mill scale, rust, and paint shall be removed by blast cleaning in
         accordance with the latest edition of the Steel Structures
         Painting Council Standard SSPC SP6 for Commercial Blast Cleaning.
         Anchor depth of surface profile shall not exceed .002" (2 mils).

                                        SAMPLE ONLY
                                        NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE  WITHOUT
                                        WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E

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                                                Specification  No.  2774
                                                September  15,  1975
                                                Page  10  of  12
9.2  Priming:  Within eight hours  after  blast  cleaning and  before
     rusting can take place, one or more coats of  one of  the  approved
     primers listed below shall be applied  to  these  surfaces.  Addi-
     tional primer shall be applied as necessary to  obtain  a  minimum
     total dry thickness of not less than .0015 inches (1-1/2 mils).
     Coating thickness shall be maintained  over welds, bolts,  rivets,
     edges of plates, or other sharp projections or  rough areas.

9.3  Approved Primers;

     9.3.1  For contactor tower, use

            Mobil Chemical                             Mobilzinc  No.  7
            Porter Coatings                            Zinclook  350
            Napko Corp.                                Napko  5Z

     9.3.2  For reboiler and all equipment  on  skid that will  be
            subjected to high temperatures, use PG&E Inorganic Zinc No.
            55 or Mobil Zinc No. 7.

9.4  Machined Surfaces:  Machined  surfaces  and lubricated parts  shall
     be protected with a suitable  rust-inhibitive  coating,  such  as
     Rocket Distribution Company's (San  Francisco) No. WD-40.

9.5  Galvanizing;  All ladder, ladder guard handrails, checked floor
     plates, and gratings shall be protected by hot-dip galvanizing in
     accordance with the current ASTM Standard A-386, Specifications
     for Hot-Dip Zinc Coatings on  Assembled Steel  Products.

9.6  All openings shall be covered before shipment to protect from
     weather and Impact damage.
                                    SAMPLE ONLY
                                    NOT FOR COMMERCIAL  USE WITHOUT
                                    WRITTEN PERMISSION  FROM PG&E
                                   -83-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September  15, 1975
                                                     Page  11 of 12
10.   VESSEL INTERNALS
     10.1  All vessel internals and bolting materials  shall be  furnished and
           installed by the manufacturer,  prior to  shipment or  at the
           jobsite unless otherwise specified.

11.  HYDROSTATIC TESTING

     11.1  Vessels shall be hydrostatically tested  at  1.5 times the speci-
           fied maximum operating pressure.  Certification of the hydrostatic
           testing of the vessel(s) in accordance with the latest ASME code
           shall be furnished.   (See Item 7.24.)

12.  INSPECTION

     12.1  At all times, while  work on Purchaser's  contract is  being
           performed, the Purchaser's inspector shall  have free entry  to all
           parts of the manufacturer's works that concern the materials
           ordered.  The manufacturer shall afford  the inspector all reason-
           able facilities without charge to satisfy him that materials are
           being furnished in accordance with these specifications.  All
           tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacturer
           prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified.

     12.2  Welder specifications shall be made available to the inspector.

     12.3  The manufacturer shall provide PG&E a shop  schedule for both
           vessels and reboiler and shall inform PG&E  the exact time of the
           installation of the ends of contactor vessel to enable the
           inspection of the completed tower.

           Note:  Unless Bidder takes exception in his quote to above speci-
                   fications, it will be understood that equipment will meet
                   specifications.

                                         SAMPLE ONLY
                                         NOT FOR COMMERCIAL  USE WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION  FROM PG&E

                                    -84-

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                                                      Specification No.  2774
                                                      September 15, 1975
                                                      Page 12 of 12
13.  INFORMATION
     13.1  The correspondence pertaining to the specifications, drawings,
           and job may be addressed to:

                         Mr. C. J. Tateosian
                         Manager, Gas System Design
                         Pacific Gas and Electric Company
                         77 Beale Street, Room 2857
                         San Francisco, CA  94106

           Telephone calls regarding engineering details may be made to
           Mr. R. Holden (415) 781-4211, Extension 1448 or Mr. R. Headrick,
           Extension 3706.
R. W. HEADRICK
cc  RPBenton - 15
    Joe Pirtz - 4
    MCBlanchet - 2
    WForbes - 3
    ATSchmidt - 2
    RAHolden - 1
    RWHeadrick - 5
                                         SAMPLE  ONLY
                                         NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                  -85-

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                                                                                                    ('cnc r.t I t ui\ ( L i i. r
                                                                                                    'r^:   PC&F may suspend  work or delivery by Kxtcnsinn ol time to Supplier.
     Supplier, shall not be llaoic i,>r decays in delivery or failure to manufacture or delivery due to Biases brson.l
     lt« reasonable control.  The date of delivery, in the  event  of such delay, shall be postponed by the number ,•(
     calendar days over which such cause or event extended, provided  Supplier submits to PCSE a claim (n writing for
     extension of time within seven  (7) days from the date  of the start of delay.  In the event Supplier  is late in
     delivery, there shall b* no escalation or price adjustment beyond the contract shipment date, except where  sui'h
     lat.e delivery 1* requested or caused solely by PC&K.


4'°  L*WS_ AK1)_ P. EBUI.ATIONS

          *.l  Fqujpmcnt and/or isterisl furnished hcreundor slmll  be so designed and construct.-!! th.it wlion livitvll.il
     It will comply with the applicable lawn, rules, And rcKUl.it Ions, Including,  without,  limitation, nil  "Orrup.'il loa.11
     Snf«ty and Health Standsnl*" |tromul «ited by the U.K. .Secretory at Labor and  all S.ifcty Orders of the Division ol
     Industrial Safety, UepAi'tftt1:)! of Industrial rU'latlonu, State of  Cttlifk'rnia,  which mubt ho complied ulrh tu'ti't*1
     th<* equipment And/or materiil rvay  lawfullv bo tM'.'d  hy  Pf'M: In  Callfnrnl/t.  All L'Xiu>nS(!N nu-tirrcJ in  tvmplyin>:
     with these requirements «r« understood to bu Included  In the contract price.



     6.26:2                                              tt'-l                                                  1C  <*  'I


                                                        -86-

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                                                    SAMPLE  ONLY,  NOT FOR  COMMERCIAL
                                                    U6E  WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
                                                    FROM PG&E                                     General Conditions
 s.o  TITLI:

           5. I   title to the equipment «mi/<>r moteil.il  fnrnlttheJ  liereumler  ahsTl pass to PC&C, "fub vessel, c.ir, or
      other vehicle, point ot shipment",  should tin1 equipment  ;ind/,ir  materlul ht received ac destination Sy I'Clc In .1
      dsnsged  condition and any rlulm fur damage i|m ing nlilpment  be  declined by the carrier or carriers with the iiiiur-
      ence  that  damage wan the rr-iult of the act of tlie »hl|iper or some  Inherent dnlect in th* equipment »nJ/nr miterl.it.
      Supplier,  upon the request of PC4E, shall assume'  thi* reupnnnIbl11ty of procenslng any claim or claims against the
      csrrler or carriers and u'uill ruUihurne I'C.ll for  Hie CUNI of  repairing or replacing ths damaged equipment .mil/or
      noterlal.   In any ev«nt. Supplier nlmll assist PG&K In CHtabllshlng carrier liability by supplying evidence that
      the equipment and/or matert^l Vtis properly constructed, manufactured, packaged, and secured to withstand normal
      transportation conditions.


 6.0  SPECIFICATION AND DRAWINGS

           6.1   CfnersJU  This Specification and the accompanying drawings. If any, are complementary and shall be taken
      In conjunction.  Supplier shall report to Engineer in writing  any  discrepancy or errors which cone to Ics atten-
      tion.  Nere«sary work Inplled aa Included In the  contract shall  be Included without extra cost to PG&E.  Figured
      dlnanslorui ehsll be followed in preference tu scaled dimensions.   PC&E's Specification shall govern In cases of
      conflict with Supplier's specifIcntlon unless otherwise provided.

           6.2   Approved Drawings:  Unless otherwise provided Supplier shall make any necessary detailed drawings, sub-
      ject  to tlte approval of Er.jlneer and shall be responsible for  their practicability.  Approval of such drawings by
      Engineer shall be general nnly and shall not relieve Supplier  of responsibility for correct construction and com-
      pliance ult\ the purchase order or contract, whti-h shall  include  this Specification.  Supplier shall pay for any
      alternations nade necessary by lla errors.  All work shall  be  done in accordance with such approved drawings In
      compliance with the Intent >>i till a Specification.  Calling  Supplier's attention to certain errors does not place
      responsibility upon PG4E Cor the correctness of other features not mentioned.


 *'°  IOTENT OF  SPECIFICATION

           7.1   This Specification and Hie accompany Ing dr.iwlngs  are Intended to cover all the work to be performed,
      and unless expressly excluded, all Intor and materials not  specified  or indicated but which are necessary to com-
      plete  the  vork in A proper, substantial, anil workmanlike  manner  shall be furnished by Supplier,  In consideration
      of and as  a condition of Ii.iK offering to consider and considering s  proposal submitted by Bidder, It is agreed
      and understood by Bidder, by submitting n hid, that If Bidder's proposed specification, drawings or general terms
      of sale conflict with this Spec! f i c it Ion, tills Specification shall govern and such conflicting portions of Bid-
      der's  proposal shsll not heroine a part of the contract.   In addition  to Bidder's base proposal, which shall comply
      with  this  Specification, Bidder may submit an alternate propoasl resulting In cost saving to PC4E.  The base pro-
      posal  shell b« labeled "Base Proposal", and any alternate proposal shall be designated "Alternate Proposal".  In
      such alternate proposal or proposals,  any and all exceptions to  this  Specification must be stated ot listed as
      exceptions In writing in the alternate proposal or proposals In a  separate paragraph entitled "Exceptions", snd
      It Is  agreed and understood that  in all other particulars this Specification shall govern.


 8.0   IMFK1HCEMEXT PROTECTION

          8.1   All royalties or other  charges for any  patent,  trademark, or copyright to be used In the work shall be
      considered aa Included In thr contract price.  Supplier shall  Indemnify and save harmless PG4E against any and all
      Judgment*, costs,  damages, and expenses which may be  awarded against  PO&E in any auit, action, or proceeding
     brought against  P(>&£ fnr infringement  or alleged  Infrlngument  of any patent, trademark, or copyright by a court *>t'
      competent  Jurisdiction,  arising nut of the use by PC&E of the  equipment and/or material furnished hereunder In the
     ordinary course  of  their IMG for  the  purposes hereunder Intended.  If Hny suit or Suits for infringement of any
     patent, trademark,  or copyright he Instituted  against  I'CiE  ns  above specified on account of the use of said equlp-
     si*nt and/or natarlal furnished  hereunder, and If  promptly notified, Supplier ahall assume the defense of tuch lull
     or aults  and  all  expenses  Incident  to  the defense  thereof;  but it  is expressly understood that In assuming the
     defense of  such  suit  or  suits Supplier shsll  huve control of same, and PG&E shall be kept fully Informed as to Hie
     progress  thereof  snd  have  the right to confer suuut and glv<; advice .ind assistance regsrdlng sane.


9.0  MATERIALS  AND WORKMANSHIP

          9.1    MeterJ^sJs:   All  -»atrrluls med  shall be  suitable  for the work,  the b*st of their respective klnrf«,  am>
     •hall  be • ubj'Vrt  to  the  aprrovnl  of Engineer.  Articles or  materials may  be substituted for those specified only
     with th*  consent  of  tnglnrcr.   The  nrthodfi  used bv  Supplier shall be such as will produce satisfactory work,  and
     In accordance  with  the best  trade  prjctlce.

          9.Z    S_t_cndarj3^:   i.'nlc--.  spec-Hied otheivhiu,  equipment  and/or material  furnished  horeurtdi't shall be con-
     structed  and'Testeif  In dor or dunce wl tli tlic  latest  nil r Ion of applicable NEMA, IEEE,  ANSI, ASME, AISC, AISI,  A'.:-.
     TMEHA, end  AS CM standards.



                                                                                                                      I
     l.SJ-2                                              UC-.!                                                    K-J-.'l


                                                    -87-

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                                              SAMPLE ONLY, NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL
                                              USE WITHOUT WRITTEN  PERMISSION
                                              FROM-PG&E
                                                                                                     C«n«iil Condition
                                                                                                     i»d and mil lie tent rc.isnn, to su.sponJ or terminate the work being performed pureuant to (nU
      SptclfIfatton, PC&K muy uo an by written notlrc.  .Supplier  thereupon shall take, whatever action with respect to
      work tn  process aa will tend to minimize leu claim against  PC4E.   PC4L will pay Supplier a reasonable suspension
      or termination charge,  excluding any^allowance for anticipated profits on  the unperformed portion of the work.
      Supplier »htll, to the  extent practicable.  Include tn subcontracts made pursuant to Chls contract * termination
      provision substantially itmllar Co the foregoing provision.


11.0  mriCTIQjIS AjjD TESTS

           11.1  Shop Teats:   Shop tests as specified shall be  performed by Supplier and It shall furnish all facilities
      necaaaary for tha performance of these tests.

           11.2  Access to Shof and Teats:  For the purpose of  witnessing tests, making Inspections, and preparing prog-
      roas reports, FCtE'i inspector shall be notified veil In  advance of the starting of the work and h« shall b« given
      full accent co the shop »t sll times during working hours during the period of manufacture, aa veil ** full access
      Co ill shop teats performed by Supplier.  On request, Supplier shall provide PGiE'l Inspector with a Hit of prin-
      cipal production taats  and Inspection points.  Supplier shall  provide reasonable advance notice of Che tine of
      those Ctsca and Inspections which PG&£'» Inspector Indicates he  Intends to witness.  If certain teacs are •paci-
      fied to  be wlCneaacJ by FC.lE's Inspector, it shull not be construed to Unit access to other shop tests.  PCiE's
      Inspector thall have »ccf«« tn all test and Inspection records pertinent to this contract.  Supplier shall require
      Subcontractor* and suppliers performing work pursuant to  Chls  concrsct to conform to the requirements of this
      Paragraph.

           11.1  Material To»t«:  Should material tun In he required  by Engineer, Supplier will be advised In aaple ll*>e
      so that  Csat specimens  c*n u« provided during the ah op manufacture.  Unless otherwise provided, such tests shall
      bt mad*  in accordance with requirements of  the applicable ASTK standards.

           11.4  Certified Teat Reports:  Supplier shall furnish  to  Engineer certified copies of all test reports.  The
      number of copies requTr*d~shal"l be as specified In the Specific  Conditions hereof.  These test reports. In sddl-
      Item to  being certified, shall be approved  by PD&E's Inspector in  the vicinity before being sent to Engineer.

           11.}  Flald Tsets:  Field tests shall  be made at the expense  of PG&E  except Chst Che expanse of Supplier's
      representative, If any, shall be borne by  Supplier.  If  for any reason whatsoever the equipment end/or naterlal
      dosi not neet tha guarantees agreed upon In any respect and it Is  necessary for Supplier to tuke alterations for
      the purpose of nesting  these guarantees, additional tests required to shew the effect* of such alterations shsll
      be performed by Supplier st Its own expense.
           11.6  locution of  rs»E'a Inspector!  The location of the  headquarters of PG&E's inspector rasy be obtained
      from PGlC's Department  of Engineering Services, Inspection  Section, 77 Beale Street, Snn franclsco, CA 94106.

           11,7  Inspections  and Tests Not Deemed Waiver!  The  witnessing of such tests and the receipt of reports of
      Such tests by Engineer, and Supplier s compliance with ill  provisions of this section concerning Inspections and
      csst* shsll not constitute a waiver by PC4E of any warranty concerning the equipment and/or material, nor relieve
      Supplier of any warranty concerning said equipment and/or material.


12,0  SHtMEKT

           12.1  Carload Shipment?;  Thirty (10)  days prior to  shipment, routings on csrload shipments, together with «n
      outlined sketch show"ln(j'Vhip'plng dimensions «nii welRhts,  shall be  forwarded for approval to PCSt's Traffic Bureau,
      77 Basle Street, -San rrnnrlicn, CA 94106.  Supplier xlutll be responsible for nsourlng thnt equipment snd/or m«te-
      risl is  properly prepared f«r nhlpmcnt and  ]<»niier, and plant  name,
                                                                                                                       1
      11.97:2                                              GC-J                                                    «-l-/l


                                                      -88-

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  „,                                                      SAMPLE ONLY,  NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL  General Condition*
                                                          USE WITHOUT  WRITTEN  PERMISSION   
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 •"«                                            SAMPLE  ONLY, NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL           CenetM
                                                USE WITHOUT WRITTEN  PERMISSION
                                                FROM  PG&E
1* i"  PAYMENTS

           15.1   Approval of Payment*:   Pnvmenta will be node only upon the  approval of PG&E «nd In  accordance  with  the
      earn* of tho tgrcenont.

           15.i   Invoices:  Supplier nhsll  render  nil Invoices  In quadruplicate for payment  when due.   Invoice/I shall  be
      mulled to:   Pacific <".«•>  and Flectrlc  Company,  Post Office  Box 7760, San Francisco. CA  9*119.   Invoices  nhall  Indi-
      cate dallvery charges, uupcrvlslon of Inatallaclon charges, If any, and excise taxea as single separate item*
      •part from  the cost fob  vessel, car,  or  other  vehicle, point of shipment.  PG&E'* specification nuober, puichaae
      order nunber, and plant  tutinc shnl) appear on all  Invoices.

           15.3   Supplier's. R»Hponalblllty;  Full  payment  by PG&E shall not release Supplier of Its  renponalbllty to
      fully carry out tte contract obligations.

           I1)."   Release;  The fu.n-pt.ince by Supplier of final  payment made under the terms  hereof  shall operate a>  and
      be a release of PG&E and every ufflce and agent thereof,  of and from nil claims of Supplier for any and all things
      done or omitted by or on behalf of PC&E In  connection with, relating to, or growing out of this contract  for tn«
      work done  hereunder.


16.0  KETHOD Of  PAYMENT

           16.1   Preferred Method;  Payments on the  purchase price shall be made as follows:

                 16.11  Ninety-five percent (952)  of the component price thirty (30) days after invoice date and receipt
           of supporting bill  of lading evidencing ohlpmcnt, provided the equipment and/or material le received at work
           site  and no apparent defects or  damage Is observed.   The Invoice date shall be the date of delivery to the
           carrier.

                 16.12  Five percent (5X) thirty  (30) days after passing the acceptance tests described In this Speci-
           fication.  In the event such tests are delayed  more  than seven (7) cionths after the date of operation set
           forth  In this Specification and  deliveries have not  been delayed and the 'equipment does not appear damaged,
           defective, or nonconformlng with the contract,  the final paynent will then become payable.  Unless otherwise
           agreed, no payment  ahall be deemed to  constitute an  acceptance of the equipment or any component part thereof
           or a  release of any responsibility or  obligation of  Supplier.

           26.2   Alternote Method!  Bidder  ntay present  an  alternate scheme of payment In addition to Bidder's basic pro-
      posal which shall comply with this Specification, but Pf.AE r?->rrvr* th» right to adhrre t? the act hod outlined
      above.  The basic proposal shall be labeled "Basic Proposal," and any alternate designated "Alternate Proposal."
      3.14-1
                                                        -90-

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                    CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW




                          AGREEMENT








          THIS AGREEMENT, made and entered into this
day of   M)JLUAjb\^ , 1975, by and between PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC



COMPANY, a California corporation  (hereinafter called "Pacific"),



and the CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW, a municipal corporation (hereinafter



called "City"):



                         WITNESSETH;



          WHEREAS, City owns and operates a landfill refuse disposal



site (hereinafter called "site") as referred to in Exhibit A which



produces as a by-product of the natural refuse decomposition process



certain amounts of gas containing methane (hereinafter referred to



as "raw gas"); and



          WHEREAS, Pacific has represented to City that this raw



gas is of substantially lower heating value than natural gas



purchased from other sources and distributed by Pacific, and such



raw gas contains water vapor, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and



possibly sulfur compounds, in excess of Pacific's usual maximum



limitations of such dilutents; and



          WHEREAS, Pacific has represented to City that it is



possible to construct and operate a facility to process and treat



this raw gas (hereinafter, when so processed and treated, referred



to as "processed gas")  in order to improve its quality; and



          WHEREAS, City, under a grant from the Environmental



Protection Agency, is currently investigating among other things



the optimum raw gas withdrawal rate from the site and the effect



of moisture on raw gas production; and
                                 91

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          WHEREAS, City has applied to the Environmental Protection



Agency for a grant modification (Grant No. S803396-01-0) in the



amount of $200,000 for the purpose of facilitating a Demonstration



Project for the recovery of one million (1,000,000)  standard cubic



feet (MMscf) per day of raw gas from site; and



          WHEREAS, this agreement covers the Demonstration



Project, funded jointly by EPA and Pacific, and the Production



Project which will begin at the end of the Demonstration Project;



and



          WHEREAS, Pacific is willing to provide sufficient funds



necessary to the Demonstration Project in order to facilitate the



raw gas recovery and to develop the withdrawal and processing



facilities required for its utilization, and



          WHEREAS, City is willing and desirous, upon approval of the



City Council, to apply for additional grants, if and when available,



upon successful conclusion of the Demonstration Project for the



purpose of facilitating the recovery of additional raw gas from site,



and



          WHEREAS, Pacific is willing and desirous to enter into the



Production Project by expanding the landfill gas recovery effort to



the entire site in a timely fashion upon the successful conclusion of



the Demonstration Project; and



          WHEREAS, City desires to sell the raw gas produced from



site to Pacific; and



          WHEREAS, Pacific desires to purchase the raw gas produced



from site.



          NOW THEREFORE, IT IS AGREED UPON AS FOLLOWS:



          1.   Effective Date and Term



          This agreement shall become effective on the date hereof,



and shall continue in effect until the date raw gas production from




                                 92

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the site is determined in Pacific's judgment to be technically or
economically non-feasible, or if in City's judgment, processing the
gas is deemed incompatible with the use of the Shoreline Regional
Park by the public.   This agreement may be terminated at any time
after twenty (20) years after the end of the Demonstration Project
provided that either party hereto has tendered written notice of
termination at least one  (1) year preceding date of such termination.
In the event notice of termination is given pursuant to this
paragraph of this agreement prior to the expiration of the 20 year
period, Pacific shall pay to City or City shall pay to Pacific, as
the case may be, within 90 days after receipt of an invoice therefor,
any unamortized expenditures accrued to the date of termination by
the party receiving notice of termination.  Such expenditures shall be
amortized over a ten year period subject to California Public Utilities
Commission approval.
          2.   Obligation to Purchase and Sell
               A.   Pacific shall have the exclusive right to
               purchase and process all raw gas from said site.
               B.   Pacific shall purchase and City shall sell
               all raw gas produced from site that meets the
               conditions set forth in this agreement.
               C.   Pacific shall not be required to take raw gas
               hereunder at rates of flow or with a composition
               which will result in damage to its facilities or
               in utilization or operational problems in the area
               where such raw gas so processed is marketed.
          3.   Price
               A.   Pacific shall pay to City on a monthly basis/
               subject to (B.) below for all raw gas received monthly,
               an initial unit price equal to seven and two-tenth
               cents ($.072) per thousand (1,000) standard cubic
                                  93

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     feet (Mscf).   This unit price shall be recalculated



     and revised eighteen (18)  months from the date of the



     initiation of the Production Project and each twelve



     (12) months thereafter in conformance with the following



     formula:
          PR = $.072/Mscf
(0.25)/WPIr  +  HEr]+  (0.50)

      '	~    	~ j

       WPIR    HER/        I RR'
          D      O
       =  Revised price of raw gas rounded to the



          nearest one-tenth of one cent.



       =  The most recent value, as published by the



          U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor



          Statistics (BLS), of the Wholesale Price Index



          for Industrial Commodities (1967 = 100) as of the



          date of revision.



WPIB   =  The value of the Wholesale Price Index for



          Industrial Commodities  (1967 - 100) as published



          by the BLS twelve (12) months from the month of



          the signing of this agreement.



HEC    =  The most recent value, as published by the State



          of California, Employment Development Department,



          of the Average Hourly Earning for Electric, Gas



          and Sanitary Services in effect at the date of



          revision.



HEg    =  The value of the Average Hourly Earning for



          Electric Gas and Sanitary Services as published



          by the State of California, Employment Develop-



          ment Department twelve  (12) months from the date



          of the signing of this  agreement.
                     94

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RRC    =  The rate in effect for the first 100 therms
          sold to customers on PGandE General Natural Gas
          Service Schedule No. G-2,  or its revised equiva-
          lent, for residential customers in the Peninsula/
          San Jose rate area at the  date of revision.
RR_    =  The rate in effect for the first 100 therms sold
          to customers on PGandE General Natural Gas Service
          Schedule G-2, or its equivalent, for residential
          customers in the Peninsula/San Jose rate area
          twelve (12)  months from the date of the signing
          of this agreement.
B.   Payment by Pacific, pursuant to A. above, shall not
begin until after a 12-month demonstration phase operation
of the treatment facilities.   The demonstration phase
shall begin upon the completion of the planned Demonstration
Project facilities and the injection of processed gas into
Pacific's natural gas system.   If upon the completion of
the 12-month demonstration phase both parties agree that
the concept of landfill gas recovery and utilization has
not yet been sufficiently demonstrated to warrant expansion
of the Demonstration Project into the Production Project,
yet that the concept is nevertheless potentially viable,
the parties may agree that the Demonstration Project shall
continue for an additional 12-month  period or some part
thereof.   Payments for the raw gas  shall not begin until
after the expiration of the agreed upon extension of the
demonstration phase.
                      95

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4.   Facilities



     A.   Demonstration Project;



     1)   Pacific shall be responsible for the location,



     design, engineering, and construction of the gas wells,



     the raw gas collection net-work,  the treatment equipment,



     and the processed gas pipeline and associated facilities



     within the area shown in Exhibit  "B".   If a raw gas flow



     of one million (1,000,000)  standard cubic feet (MMscf)



     per day cannot be obtained from the initially designated



     area, then City and Pacific shall mutually agree upon



     installation of additional wells  and/or the designation



     of more landfill area to allow production of said volume



     of raw gas.   All of the foregoing shall be subject to



     City's rights pursuant to paragraph 4.C.3, infra.



     2)   City shall exercise due diligence in administering



     the EPA Grant and in endeavoring to secure all necessary



     permits, priorities, rights-of-way and approvals of



     governmental bodies having jurisdiction over



     the Project for the operation herein contemplated, but



     City shall not be required to accept or comply with



     any unreasonable condition to such permit, priority,



     or rights-of-ways.   City shall pay the cost of



     obtaining and satisfying the requirements of



     all necessary permits, priorities, rights-of-way,



     and approvals of governmental bodies having jurisdiction



     over the project.



     3)   Pacific shall  proceed in good faith and with



     reasonable diligence with the design, engineering,
                       96

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     acquisition and construction of the facilities



     necessary to implement the Demonstration Project.



     4)   In no event shall the City's cost liability



     under any provision of this agreement, except for



     any termination payment,  exceed the lesser of the



     amount of federal funding received by the City for



     the Demonstration Project, or $200,000.   Pacific's



     cost liability is limited to the amount set forth



     in Pacific's GM No. 184,662 but not to exceed $416,688.



     5)  City shall administer the disbursal of SPA funding



     as required by the EPA and Pacific shall furnish City



     appropriate material substantiating expenditures of



     non-EPA funding.   Pacific may consult with City in



     advance of costs being incurred, regarding all



     expenditure proposals for EPA Grant funds.   City



     shall use its best efforts to minimize the administrative



     costs associated with the EPA Grant.   Nothing in  this



     agreement shall be construed to prevent City from



     making expenditures in Pacific's areas of responsibility.



B.   Production Project;



     1)   Pacific shall have the exclusive right to expand



     the landfill gas recovery project to those areas shown



     on Exhibit "A".   Pacific shall exercise due diligence



     to implement such expansion upon approval of such



     additional areas by City.   Such expansion shall be



     pursuant to the terms and conditions contained herein.
                      97

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     2)    City shall exercise due diligence  in endeavoring



     to  secure all necessary permits,  priorities,  rights-of-



     way and approvals of governmental bodies  having



     jurisdiction over the project for the operation



     herein contemplated, but City shall not be required to



     accept or comply with any unreasonable  condition to such



     permit, priority, or rights-of-ways.    Pacific shall pay



     the cost of obtaining and satisfying the  requirements  of



     all necessary permits, priorities, rights-of-way,  and



     approvals of governmental bodies  having jurisdiction



     over the project, including payment of  City's admin-



     istration costs as reported to and found  reasonable by



     Pacific.



     3}    Pacific shall have the right of prior review



     and approval of and shall reimburse City  for all



     costs City may incur in the Production  Project.



     4)    Pacific shall administer and be responsible for



     all costs incurred in the Production Project.



C.   Both Projects;



     1)    Pacific shall secure all materials needed for



     installing and maintaining facilities required for



     Pacific's performance herevmder,  and following



     receipt of said in form and substance satisfactory



     to Pacific, Pacific shall proceed with due diligence



     to install such facilities.



     2)    Pacific shall be responsible for the maintenance



     and operation of the facilities and shall pay for



     such costs of maintenance and operation incurred



     therefore.
                        98

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3)   Facilities shall be located in a manner that
maximizes the economical recovery and utilization of
raw gas within the selected area, and minimizes the
potential impact upon subsequent landfill operations
and the development of the Shoreline Regional Park.
City may review and approve the location, planning,
design, engineering, safety, construction and operation
of the facilities in order to assure compatibility with
construction and use of Shoreline Regional Park.
City shall have the right to inspect and approve
the installation of all the aforementioned facilities
to assure such compatibility.
4)   The parties agree that when it becomes necessary
to expand the capacity of the facilities or to improve
or provide a higher degree of treatment of the raw
gas, Pacific shall cause to have prepared the
necessary engineering studies and to make the
necessary acquisitions and improvements.
5)   The City shall act as the "Grant Administrator"
for the purpose of compliance with EPA requirements.
6)   The Demonstration Project shall not be required
to obtain a conditional use permit from City but
such a permit shall be required for the Production
Project.   The location, design engineering,
construction and operation of the facilities shall
adhere to the requirements of the City Code and all
other applicable laws and regulations and shall not
materially affect the aesthetics or use of the
Shoreline Regional Park.
                   99

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     7)    Nothing in this agreement shall be construed to
     prevent Pacific from having full right to accept  all  gas
     developed in the Demonstration and Production Projects
     if  additional landfill gas development is technically or
     economically non-feasible, provided Pacific pays  City
     for all such gas at the rate provided in Paragraph 3.
5.   Performance
     A.    Pacific shall operate and maintain the raw
     gas collection and processing facilities required for
     the Projects described herein.
     B.    Each party shall use its best efforts to deliver
     raw gas in conformance with the provisions of Paragraphs
     2.1 and 2.2 of Section 2 of the General Conditions
     appended hereto.
     C.    The requirements of California Public Utilities
     Commission General Order 112-C shall be applicable
     (where required) to the Projects herein.
     D.    In order to maintain gas recovery and to assure
     the health and safety of the public, City, at its
     own expense, shall comply with its current sanitary
     landfill practice, including maintenance of seals.
     City shall take no action to damage the gas reserves,
     except where reasonably necessary for development or
     use of the site.   Except in the case of an emergency,
     City shall notify Pacific prior to taking action to
     break the seal of any garbage cell.   In cases of
     emergency, notice shall be given to Pacific as soon
     as possible.   Pacific shall have the right to suspend
                           100

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               raw gas receipt and payment therefor if the raw

               gas, prior to treatment, fails to conform to the

               quality standards set forth in Paragraph 2.2 of

               Section 2 of the General Conditions appended hereto.

               E.   Pacific may maintain suspension of raw gas

               receipt until the aforesaid quality standards are

               restored.

               F.   In the event that landfill gas recovery and

               utilitization becomes technically or economically

               non-feasible in Pacific's judgment, and Pacific

               elects to terminate this agreement, Pacific

               shall pay City all amounts due and owing up to

               and including the date of termination of this

               agreement, and Pacific shall have the right to

               salvage facilities installed in conjunction with this

               agreement, except that City may retain the underground

               plastic piping system for the sole purpose of venting

               the gas for safety purposes.

          6.   Notices

               Any notice to be given hereunder by either Pacific

or City to the other shall be respectively addressed as follows:

          to Pacific:  Pacific Gas and Electric Company
                       Attention:  Manager, Gas Resources Dept.
                       245 Market Street, Room 1344
                       San Francisco, California 94106

          to City:     City Manager
                       City of Mountain View
                       P.O. Box 10
                       Mountain View, California 94042

          7.   General Conditions

          The documents entitled "General Conditions" attached

hereto and containing eleven sections is hereby incorporated in and
                                101

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made a part hereof.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF,  each of the parties has caused this

agreement to be executed as of the day and year above written.



                           PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY
ATTEST:
 Secretary
ATTEST:
APPROVAL AS TO FORM
        ftl&4&/
City Attorney
APPROVAL AS TO CONTENT
Director of Public W/rks
APPROVAL AS TO FOR!!
Attorney,Pacific Gas and
Electric Company
By:
                             Vice /President - Gas Supply
                           CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW
                               102

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                     GENERAL CONDITIONS








Section 1.  MEASUREMENT OF GAS



           (1.1) For the purpose of this agreement one standard cubic



foot of gas  (scF) shall be that quantity of gas containable in a volume



of one cubic foot at a pressure of 14.73 pounds per square inch absolute



at a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit, one thousand  (1,000) cubic feet



of gas is referred to as a "MscF", and one million  (1,000,000) cubic



feet-of gas is referred to as a "MMscF".



           (1.2)  Raw gas rate at the inlet of Pacific's facilities



shall be measured in cubic feet in accordance with the provisions of



the American Gas Association Measurement Committee Report Number Three



or any subsequent revision thereof acceptable to the parties hereto.



           (1.3)  Pacific shall, at its own cost and expense, install



and maintain a suitable meter as generally adopted and used in the



Natural Gas industry at the inlet of its treating facility for the



purpose of measuring the gas delivered hereunder.



           (1.4)  City shall have access to said meter at any



reasonable time, and shall be allowed to inspect and check or test



same, and also all gauges, charts and records of measurement, at



such time as it may desire.   City shall give Pacific an opportunity



to have a representative present when any check or test is made, and



if an inaccuracy is discovered, then the amount of gas which shall



have been delivered shall be recalculated and corrected where the



magnitude of the inaccuracy can be determined, for any period



definitely known or agreed upon, or if the duration of the inaccuracy



in measurement is not so known or agreed upon, such dispute may be



arbitrated as set forth in Section 5 infra.
                               103

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Section 2.  CONDITIONS OF DELIVERY



          (2.1)   Pacific need not accept raw gas atvso low a



rate of flow that, in Pacific's judgment, such rate might be



detrimental to the proper operation of its facilities.   In the



event Pacific is not able to take raw gas due to temporary shutdown



of its facilities or difficulties that may be experienced at times



of low load in its marketing area, extraction of raw gas shall be



stopped.



          (2.2)   Raw gas received hereunder by Pacific shall be



as free of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide



as City and Pacific can keep it through the exercise of all reasonable



precautions within their respective areas of responsibility and shall



not in any event contain more of these impurities than Pacific can



reasonably accept, as determined during the Demonstration Project.



Section 3.  PAYMENT



          On or before the 12th day of each calendar month during



the term hereof Pacific will render a written statement to



City showing the quantity of gas delivered hereunder during the



last preceding calendar month.   Said statement, unless objected



to by either Pacific or City within 15 days after being rendered,



shall be accepted by all parties hereto as a correct statement



of the gas delivered during such calendar month.   City shall



render an invoice therefor as soon as practicable after receipt of



Pacific's statement.   Payment shall be made by Pacific to City



at City's office on or before the 25th day of each month, or the



15th day after receipt of such City's invoice, whichever shall



occur later.
                             104

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Section 4.   FORCE MAJEURE
          If either party to this agreement shall fail to perform
any obligation hereby imposed upon it, and such failure shall be
caused, or materially contributed to, by act of God; a public enemy;
strikes; lockouts; riots; rebellions; injunctions or interference
through legal proceedings, Municipal, State or Federal laws or regu-
lations; the failure to obtain necessary governmental permits and
approvals; the requisitions or necessity of any governmental or
acting authority; breakage, vandalism or accident to machinery,
equipment, or lines of pipe; washouts; earthquakes; storms; freezing
of lines; or any cause or causes of whatsoever nature (whether like
or unlike those herein enumerated) not due to the fault or neglect
of any such party and beyond its reasonable control, or shall be
occasioned by the necessity for making repairs to or reconditioning
machinery, equipment or lines of pipe not resulting from the fault
or neglect of such party, such failure shall not be deemed to be
a violation of the obligations of such party hereunder.    Breakage
of the top clay seal cover by root growth shall be considered an
act of God.   Such party shall, however, use reasonable diligence
to put itself again in a position to carry out its obligations
hereunder, and in the event such party does not or cannot within
a reasonable time put itself again in a position so to do, the
other party may, at its option terminate this agreement by
written notice.   Nothing herein contained shall be construed to
require either party to settle a strike or lockout by acceding
against its judgment to the demands of opposing parties.
                               105

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Section 5.  ARBITRATION



          In addition to those disputes which are required to be



arbitrated under the provisions hereof, any other dispute arising



between City and Pacific under any provision hereof which cannot



be settled by the parties within a reasonable time may be submitted



by either party to arbitration.   All disputes to be arbitrated shall



be submitted to and decided by a board of three arbitrators,  one to



be appointed by City, one by Pacific, each of which may be an employee,



and a third by the two so appointed.   If either party shall  fail or



refuse to appoint an arbitrator within 30 days after written  notice



has been given to it by the other party naming the latter's arbitrator,



the party giving such notice shall have the right to request  the



Presiding Judge of the Superior Court of the State of California in



and for the County of Santa Clara to appoint an arbitrator for the



other party so in default.   If the two arbitrators thus chosen are



unable to agree upon the third arbitrator, such arbitrator shall be



appointed, upon application of either party, by the Presiding Judge



of the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the



County of Santa Clara.   The decision of a majority of the board



of arbitrators after a hearing at which both parties shall have



the opportunity to be heard and to introduce evidence, shall  be



binding upon the parties hereto.   The cost of the arbitrator



appointed by City shall be paid by City; the cost of the arbitrator



appointed by Pacific shall be paid by Pacific; and the cost of



the third arbitrator shall be borne equally by City and by Pacific.
                               106

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Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Section, any
arbitration shall be subject to the provisions of Title 9 of Part 3
of the Code of Civil Procedure of the State of California.
          Any controversy which can be determined by an engineer's
or other expert's findings and which under this paragraph could be
submitted to arbitration may, if the parties thereto elect to do so,
be submitted to a mutually agreed upon engineer or expert who shall
be the sole arbitrator.   Any such engineer shall be a duly licensed
professional engineer of the State of California.   Such engineer or
expert shall be disinterested as hereinbefore in this paragraph
required of arbitrators on an arbitration board.   He shall proceed
in the same manner and shall make findings, conclusions, and an award
in the manner provided herein for an arbitration board.   The decision
of such expert shall be binding upon the parties.   The cost of the
expert shall be borne equally by City and Pacific.

Section 6.   PACIFIC'S USE OF CITY'S LANDS
          Insofar as it has the authority so to do, City hereby
grants Pacific, throughout the life of this agreement and without
charge, permission to use and occupy site for Pacific's treatment
plant, measuring stations, pipelines, and other facilities used for
the performance hereof, subject to the terms of this agreement.
Pacific shall remain the owner of any such facilities installed
upon site.   Pacific shall remove all above ground facilities
with reasonable diligence after the termination of this agreement.
Pacific shall restore the ground to substantially its original
condition and replace any landscaping promptly after the removal of
any such facilities.
                             107

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Section 7.   TAXES



          Pacific shall pay all taxes before delinquency on all



pipelines and equipment owned by it on site.



Section 8.   CITY'S REPRESENTATIONS AND TITLE



          (8.1)   City represents that its raw gas to be produced



from site and its right to deliver said gas are free and clear of



encumbrances or other obligations.   City hereby guarantees its title



to all raw gas delivered hereunder.



          City shall indemnify and hold Pacific harmless



from all loss, damage, or liability which Pacific may sustain by



reason of breach or failure of any of the representations or guarantees



above set forth, but City's liability hereunder shall not exceed



payment of the amount necessary to reimburse Pacific for its capital



costs, less revenues derived by Pacific from the Projects.



          (8.2)   Title to all gas delivered to Pacific shall pass



at the point of delivery of such gas into the facilities of Pacific,



and risk shall follow title.



Section 9.   ASSIGNtTENT



          This agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of



the successors and assigns of the respective parties hereto.  Neither



Pacific nor City shall assign this agreement or any interest therein



without first obtaining the written consent of the other.   No assign-



ment shall be effective until the assignee shall in writing agree to



assume and fully perform the terms of this agreement, whereupon the



assignor shall be released from further liability.



Section 10. INDEMNITY



          City and Pacific, respectively, as indemnitor, will



indemnify the other as indemnitee and save it harmless from any and
                              108

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all loss, damage, expense and liability resulting from injuries to
or death of persons, including but not limited to employees of
either party hereto, and damage to or destruction- of property, in-
cluding but not limited to the property of either party hereto,
arising out of, or in any way connected with, the performance of
this agreement, or any operations hereunder, by indemnitor, its
agents, or employees, excepting only such injury, death, damage,
or destruction as may be caused by the sole negligence or willful
misconduct of the indemnitee, its agent, or employees.   Indemnitee
shall, upon indemnitor's request, defend any suit asserting a claim
covered by this indemnity and indemnitor shall pay all costs that
may be incurred by indemnitee in enforcing this indemnity, including
reasonable attorney's fees.
Section 11. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
           (11.1)  The books, records, and accounts of the parties
hereto relating to the subject matter of this agreement shall be
open at all reasonable times for the inspection and copying by the
other party.
           (11.2)  No waiver by either party of any failure or
failures on the part of the other to perform any of the terms or
conditions of this agreement shall ever be construed as a waiver
of any future or continuing failure or failures whether similar
or dissimilar thereto.
                             109

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                     CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW

                           Parcel 1

                           Exhibit A

All that certain real property situate in the city of Mountain
View, county of Santa Clara, state of California, being more
particularly described as  follows:

COMMENCING  at a 3/4" iron  pipe at the intersection of Stierlin
Road and Argenta Avenue, as said 3/4" iron pipe, intersection,
Road, and Avenue are shown on that certain map entitled,
"RECORD OF  SURVEY OF LANDS OF CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW IN RANCHO
RINCON DE SAN FRANCISQUITO AND IN SECTION 9, TOWNSHIP 6 SOUTH,
RANGE 2 WEST, M.D.B.SM. ,  SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA," filed
for record  on August 6, 1959 in Book 110 of'Maps at Page 18,
Santa Clara County Records; thence from said Point of Commencement
northerly along the  centerline of said Stierlin Road N 01° 09' 51"
E 716.90 feet to a point thereon; thence leaving said centerline
N 88° 55' 09" W. 25.00 feet to the TRUE POINT OF BEGINNING of the
Parcel to be described herein; thence from said TRUE POINT OF
BEGINNING the following courses:  N 88° 54' 19" W 2,560.26 feet,
S 08° 23' 52" W 179.50 feet, S 81° 36' 28" E 15.00 feet, S 08°
23' 32" W 221.07 feet, tangent to the preceding course along
the arc of  a. curve to the  left having a radius of 559.97 feet
and a central angle  of 09° 48' 03", an arc length of 95.79 feet,
tangent to  the preceding curve S 01° 24' 31" E 193.38 feet, N
88° 35' 21" E 5.00 feet, S 01° 24' 31" E 220.80 feet, S OS6 07'
46" W 469.91 feet, N 88° 16' 51" W 315.00 feet, N 88° 16' 51"
W 693.88 feet, tangent to the preceding course along the arc of
a curve to  the right having a radius of 1,449.92 feet and a central
angle of 92° 42' 58", an arc length of 2,346.26 feet, tangent to
the preceding curve N 04°  26' 07" E 50.10 feet, N 04° 26' 07" E
99.95 feet, N 04° 26' 07"  E 956.04 feet, tangent to the preceding
course along the arc of a  curve to the left having a radius of
449.97 feet and a central  angle of 87° 30' 56", an arc length of
687.30 feet, tangent to the preceding curve N 83° 04' 49" W 9.10
feet, N 06° 55' 11" E 90.00 feet, N 83° 04' 49" W 1,028.94 feet,
N 06° 55' 11" E 563.55 feet, N 44° 34' 49" W 55.17 feet, N 70°
24' 11" E 177.99 feet, N 05° 11' 11" E 119.54 feet, N 57° 25' 11"
E 160.75 feet, S 63° 54'  49" E 924.95 feet, N 50° 07' 26" E
185.58 feet, N 59° 25' 53" E 68.57 feet, N 71° 40' 01" E 71.07
feet, N 79° 45' 41" E 144.61 feet, N 86° 46' 56" E 247.82 feet,
N 89° 58' 49" E 299.98 feet, S 84° 28' 03" E  501.28 feet,
S 84° 28' 03" E 1,425.87 feet, S 89° 09' 01" E 133.44 feet, S 69°
35' 59" E 438.64 feet, S 89° 25' 09" E 97.73 feet, N 83° 31' 44"
E 1,201.43 feet, N 84° 21'  21" E 277.01 feet, N 83° 31' 44" E
1,533.91 feet N 85° 10'  03" E 381.66 feet, S 72° 35' 43" E 1,151.62
feet. S 03° 35' 16" E 67.08 feet, N 86° 24' 44" E 15.00 feet,
S 03° 35' 16" E 445.82 feet, tangent to the preceding course along
the arc of a curve to the  right having a radius of 824.95 feet and
a central angle of 11° 25'  00", an arc length of 164.38 feet.
tangent to preceding curve S 07° 49' 14" W 586.41 feet, S 82° 10-'
16" E 55.00 feet,  S 07° 49' 44" W 692.15 feet, S 82° 10' 16" E
15.00 feet, S 07° 49' 44"  W 66.48 feet, tangent to the preceding
course along the arc of a  curve to the right having a radius of
894.95 feet and a central  angle of 04° 45' 11", an arc length of
73.73 feet, tangent to the preceding curve S 12° 32' 55" W 445.36
feet. N 500 £0' 09" W 189.12 feet, S 80° 52' 01" W 307.07 feet,

                              111

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                            -2-


N 38° 55' 09" W 2,103.11 feet, and N 88° 55' 09" W 50.00 feet
to the TRUE POINT OF BEGINNING and containing 550.407 acres
of land, more or less..
                              112

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