DALLAv
UE8ARY
TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LANDFILL GAS
Mountain View Project Feasibility Study
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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Nomenclature
A = Area of landfill, acre
C = Fractional conversion of carbon in SMW to C02
and CH4
CMF = Cubic foot per minute
h = Depth of landfill, feet
MM = One million
P = Pressure, psia
Pwh = Gas pressure at wellhead, psia
Psc = Standard pressure, 14.7 psia
Q = Production rate of gas at well head
conditions, feet-^/day
R = Radius of influence of well, feet
SCFD = Production rate under standard conditions
of Psc and Tsc, feet3/day
t = Life of site, year
Tsc = Standard temperature, 520°R
Twh = Gas temperature at wellhead, °R
V = Volume of gas produced, scf/ton of SMW
Vrec = Recovered volume of gas produced, Scf/ton
of SMW
W = Tonnage of SMW in-place
o
P = Density of refuse in landfill, lb./ft.
SMW = Solid municipal waste
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SW583
TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LANDFILL GAS
Mountain View Project Feasibility Study
This report (SW-583) was written
by M. J. Blanchet and staff
and is reproduced by the Office of Solid Waste
with permission from the utility company
which prepared the report
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1977
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This report was prepared by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company,
San Francisco, and is reproduced with the Company's permission.
An environmental protection publication (SW-583) in the solid waste
management series. Mention of commercial products does not constitute
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Single copies of this publication are available from Solid Waste
Information, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
45268.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Abstract 1
Introduction 2-3
Landfill Gas Quality and Production Rates 4~6
Treatment Processes for Upgrading Landfill Gas 6-22
Dehydration
Molecular Sieves 11-12
Triethylene Glycol (TEG) 12-15
Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal
Molecular Sieves 16
TEG and Hot Potassium Carbonate 16-18
Dimethyl Ether of Polyethylene Glycol (DMPEG) 18-20
Liquefied Natural Gas Manufacture 20
. Propane Addition 20-22
22—2 8
Economics of Treating Landfill Gas
29
Transportation of Landfill Gas
Other Uses of Landfill Gas
Generation of Electricity 29-38
Production of Methanol 38-42
The Mountain View Landfill Gas Recovery 42-47
Project - A Case History
Appendix 48-114
Nomenclature 115
Bibliography 116
111
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LIST OF FIGURES
±. Page
1. Gas Collection Network - Mountain View Sanitary 7
Landfill
2. Unit Thermal Efficiency vs. Heating Value of 9
Fuel Gas
3. Pounds of Air or Flue Gas vs. Heating Value of 10
Fuel Gas
4. Molecular Sieve Dehydration of Landfill Gas 13
5. TEG Dehydration of Landfill Gas l5
6. Hot Carbonate Process 17
7. DMPEG Process 19
8. Propane - Landfill Gas Mixing Process 21
9. Landfill Gas Transportation Cost- Dehydrated Gas 30
10. Landfill Gas Transportation Cost - Gas with C02 and 31
H20 Removed or SNG
34
11. On-Site Electrical Generation
12. Electric Power Generation vs. Gas Field Capacity 35
13. Plant Cost vs. Electric Output 36
14. Low Pressure Methanol Synthesis Process 41
15. Location Map - Mountain View Landfill Site 45
16. Flow Diagram for Mountain View Landfill Gas
Recovery Project 47
17. Landfill Production Rate vs. Landfill Area and
Depth 51
IV
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LIST OF TABLES
No. Page
1. Measured Landfill Gas Composition 4
2. Preliminary Costs for Compression and Treatment 74 «c
of Landfill Gas
3. Revised Cost Estimate of Production, Compression 27
and Treatment of Landfill Gas
4. Preliminary Economics of Generating Electricity 39
from Landfill Gas
5. Investment Costs for Methanol Production 42
v
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ABSTRACT
The production, treating, transportation and utilization of
landfill gas are discussed in this report. The economics of these
steps are also covered. The analysis is performed from the per-
spective of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company, one of the
partners in the Mountain View Landfill Gas Recovery Demonstration
Project, scheduled to be operating by early 1977. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency is supporting the City of Mountain
View in this demonstration under Grant No. S-803396-01.
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INTRODUCTION
In California, the recovery of landfill gas was initiated by
the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County at their Palos
Verdes Sanitary Landfill.
In 1971, eighteen wells were constructed on the perimeter of
the landfill to prevent gas migration into adjacent properties.
The wells were connected by a collection pipeline which terminated
in a suction blower and gas burner station. The obvious potential
of landfill gas as a source of energy resulted in a successful
test program to determine the steady-state gas composition and
withdrawal rate.
NRG NuFUEL (now Reserve Synthetic Fuels Inc.) and the Sanit-
ation Districts entered into a contract in October 1973, to pro-
duce and purify the landfill gas for a minimum of five years.
Since then, a facility to process about two MMSCFD (million stand-
ard cubic feet per day) of landfill gas was built and has been in
operation since the summer of 1975.
Also in the Los Angeles area, the Department of Water and
Power of the City of Los Angeles, as an outgrowth of its gas
migration control program at the Sheldon-Arleta Landfill, has
successfully demonstrated the feasibility of generating electricity
from landfill gas. A combustion engine-generator set was started
in April 1974 and ran until February 1975. Since then, the Depart-
ment of Water and Power has completed the design of a system to
compress, dehydrate and transport the full gas production of the
Sheldon-Arleta site to its Valley Steam Power Plant.
-2-
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Encouraged by the success of the Los Angeles programs,
PGandE surveyed, in the summer of 1974, the 32 existing landfills
in the San Francisco Bay Area as potential producers of gas. This
survey concluded that fourteen of these sites had good potential
and that the Mountain View Landfill operated by the City of Mountain
View was the most promising for an initial demonstration project.(5)
Also in the summer of 1974, PGandE agreed to assist the City
of Mountain View on an EPA-sponsored study of gas recovery from
the shallow Mountain View Landfill.
This report is the result of the collaboration between PGandE
and the City of Mountain View on the landfill gas recovery project.
It discusses,in detail, the following topics:
Landfill gas quality and production rates
Treatment processes for upgrading landfill gas
a) Dehydration
b) C0_ and H.S removal
c) 0_ and N_ removal
d). Propane addition
Economics of treating landfill gas
Transportation of landfill gas
Other uses of landfill gas
a) Generation of electricity
b) Production of Methanol
The Mountain View Landfill Gas Recovery Project-A Case
History
This report was prepared by M. J. Blanchet, with the partici-
pation of M. M. Cahail, D. L. Calden, C. A. Clements, W. H. Culver,
D. E. Hall, R. W. Headrick, R. A. Holden, M. R. Jones, M. R. Lee,
D. H. Luders, P. Maciel, P. 0. Petersen, E. C. Remedies, and
R. L. Sisler.
-3-
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LANDFILL GAS QUALITY AND PRODUCTION RATES
Measured landfill gas composition at Mountain View is as given
in Table 1 (1, 2).
TABLE 1
MEASUREI
CONSTITUENT
Methane
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
Oxygen and Argon ^
Water
Hydrogen Sulfide
Mercaptan Sulfur
Sulfides
Disulfides and Residuals
^ Ar represents at least 50% of the total
* To convert to ppm multiply by 17, 7.63, 6.44 and 4.75 for
mercaptan, sulfides and disulfides respectively
The composition for the major constituents is based on data
taken for a continuous run at a 50 CFM withdrawal rate, lasting
from May 22 to June 30, 1975. The data for the impurities is based
on more limited runs at a 75 CFM withdrawal rate.
Test results at both Palos Verdes and Sheldon-Arleta show a
relatively stable composition of 50-56% methane, 40-45% C02, about
1% N£» 0.1% 02, some heavy hydrocarbons and a hydrogen sulfide
MEASURED GAS COMPOSITION
VOLUME %
Avg . High
44.03 46.49
34.20 36.80
20.81 23.51
0.96 1.69
Saturated at 14.7
grains per 100
0.40
0.00
0.41
.Is 0.93
Low
41.38
30.73
19.98
0.48
psia and 90°F
ft.3*
- 0.91
- 0.33
- 1.80
- 1.65
-4-
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content ranging from 0.5 ppm at Sheldon-Arleta to 45 ppm maximum
at Palos Verdes. (3,4)
The substantial nitrogen and oxygen content at Mountain View
indicates a high air leakage rate resulting from the shallowness
of this landfill (40 ft.) as contrasted with the Los Angeles sites
where depth ranges from 100 to 140 feet. The high hydrogen sulfide
content measured at Palos Verdes may result from its being a Class I
site that receives large quantities of toxic wastes of municipal,
industrial, and agricultural origin (ashes, refinery spent brines,
drilling muds, pesticides and fertilizers, etc.).
Optimum production rates of about one CFM and three CFM per
foot of well were measured at Sheldon-Arleta and Palos Verdes re-
spectively. It is difficult to explain the difference between the
two figures except by reiterating that the Palos Verdes Landfill is
a Class I site as opposed to the Class II Sheldon-Arleta site which
contains mostly household refuse.
At Mountain View, a production rate of one CFM per foot of
well was corroborated.
In general, landfill gas production (wet basis) can be expressed
by the following equation: (•>)
SCFD = 18.77 x 106 (Ah/R2) (1)
Where SCFD is the production rate in standard cubic feet per day, A
is the area of the landfill in acres, h is its depth in feet, and R
the radius of influence of the wells in feet.
The estimated life of a production well is given by the follow-
ing equation:
t = 2.49 x 10~3 C R2 (2)
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Where t is the life in years, C the fraction of carbon in SMW con-
verted to methane and carbon dioxide, and R is as defined above.
Derivation of these equations is given in Appendix I.
They are based on the following assumptions:
1. Landfill gas has the composition given in Table 1.
2. The optimum gas withdrawal rate is one CFM per foot
of well.
At Mountain View, the area influenced by the 20 wells of the
demonstration project covers about 30 acres. Using equation (1),
an average depth of 35 feet and a radius of influence of 130 feet,
the gas production rate is about 1.166 MMSCFD. The proposed pipe
layout for the Mountain View project is shown on Figure 1 '''.
Selection of a radius of influence of 130 feet was made on the
basis of tests carried out at Mountain View where pressure drop as
a function of distance from wellhead, elevation within the cell,
and gas withdrawal rate was investigated, d)
Using equation (2), a reasonable fractional conversion of car-
bon to methane and carbon dioxide of 0.24 corresponds to a 10-year
project life. A 10-year project life was used in the economic anal-
yses to be discussed in another section of this report.
TREATMENT PROCESSES FOR UPGRADING LANDFILL GAS
When compared to natural gas, landfill gas is deficient in
several respects.
First, due to the presence of carbon dioxide and nitrogen,
landfill gas has a lower heating value (about 450 Btu/scf versus
1000-1- for natural gas) . This relatively low heating value of land-
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GAS COLLECTION NETWORK
MOUNTAIN VIEW SANITARY LANDFILL
GAS MAIN 101
225' 3" ='
310' 3"
EXISTING TEST WELLS
FIGURE NO.
-7-
PIPE SUMMARY
3" = 3,950'
8" : 905'
TOTAL 4,855'
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fill gas poses different problems depending upon the way it is
used. If used alone in a boiler originally designed to burn natural
gas or fuel oil, some retrofitting of the equipment may be required.
Retrofitting requires the replacement and/or modification of burners
and fuel lines to accommodate the higher gas flows. A thorough
review of the utilization of this kind of gas in existing boilers
is discussed by A. M. Frenberg (8). it must be stressed that the
efficiency of an existing unit is not expected to decrease with the
firing of landfill gas, as illustrated in Figure 2. This results
principally from the fact that the amount of flue gas per unit of
heat input is about the same as in the case of firing with natural
gas, as shown in Figure 3.
If mixed with natural gas, as can be achieved, for example,
by injection of landfill gas into a utility's transmission line, the
heating value of the mixed gases must be kept above 975 Btu/scf in
PGandE's service area. This specification is set so as to save PGandE
the expense of having to reset all appliances in the area receiving
the mixed gases. Another difficulty with the mixing of landfill gas
with pipeline gas has to do with the specification requiring that the
heating value of the gas sold to a customer be on the average within
+ 2 Btu/scf of that shown on the customer's utility bill. Meeting
this specification is particularly difficult in situations where a
constant flow of landfill gas is injected into a grid in which the
flow of gas varies hourly, daily, and seasonally. It may very well
be that the way to deal with that last problem is to get a variance
from the regulatory agency that has jurisdiction over the project,
whenever possible. In any event, these heating value specifications
-8-
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limit the mixing ratio of landfill gas with natural gas.
Second, landfill gas, as it comes out of the ground, is satu-
rated with water. The water content is about 3,500 Ibs of water
per MMSCF of gas, as compared to a specified water content of 7 Ibs
per MMSCF for pipeline quality gas. This water specification is
set so as to eliminate corrosion and hydrate formation problems
that would result from a high water content.
Third, the presence of oxygen in landfill gas is undesirable
as oxygen causes corrosion and tends to react with the odorants
introduced in pipeline gas to facilitate the detection of leaks.
For this last reason, PGandE deems it necessary to limit the oxygen
content in the mixed gases to about 40 ppm.
Finally, the presence of sulfur compounds in landfill gas is
of concern as the trend has been to limit the content of these com-
pounds to about 4 ppm in pipeline gas.
In order to deal effectively with the deficiencies described
above, landfill gas must be treated so as to improve its quality.
Many schemes for treating landfill gas were investigated by
PGandE as part of its involvement in the Mountain View Project.
They are described below:
Dehydration of Landfill Gas with Molecular Sieves
Molecular sieves are crystalline aluminosilicates, honey-combed
with cavities which are interconnected by pores varying from about
3 to 10 angstron units in diameter depending upon the particular
crystal. Molecular sieves have the largest surface area per unit
volume of any solid absorbent. In addition, molecular sieves have
highly localized polar charges. These localized charges explain the
-11-
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very strong absorption of polar or polarizable compounds on
molecular sieves. This also results in much higher absorptive
capacities for these materials by molecular sieves than by other
absorbents, particularly in the lower concentration ranges.
The flow scheme for molecular sieve dehydration is shown in
Figure 4. Landfill gas is compressed to about 400 psig, then
cooled, and condensed water and organic liquids are separated
from the gas in a knock-out drum. The gas then flows to a mole-
cular sieve dryer, which reduces the water vapor content to less
that 7 Ib/MMQCF. Two dryers are required so that one can be re-
generated while the other is in use. In the scheme shown, re-
generation is accomplished by taking a slip-stream of the dry
product gas, approximately 15% of the total flow, reducing its
pressure, flowing the stream through the dryer to be regenerated
and recyling it to the compressor inlet. The water vapor picked
up is condensed in the air cooler and separated from the gas in
the knock-out drum.
The water which this process and the following ones remove
can be injected back into the landfill unless there is already an
excess of leachate.
Dehydration of Landfill Gas With Triethylene Gycol
A triethylene glycol (TEG) system can also be used to dehydrate
landfill gas to normal pipeline specifications of 6-7 Ibs H-O/MMSCF
gas.
The factors which have led to the widespread use of glycols
for gas dehydration are their unusual hygroscopic!ty, excellent
thermal and chemical stability, low vapor pressures, and ready
-12-
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availability at moderate cost. Of the available glycols,
triethylene glycol is generally the preferred absorbent where
maximum dew-point depression is required. The principle reason
for this is its greater stability at the high temperature required
for adequate regeneration.
A flow diagram for this process is provided in Figure 5. A
knock-out drum is placed in the compressor suction line to remove
bulk contaminants (solid and condensed liquids). After compression
and cooling (during which most of the water is removed), the gas
stream enters the TEG absorber/separator tower. The lower part of
the tower is a separator which removes any free liquids in the gas
stream prior to its entering the absorber section. The remaining
water-saturated gas then enters the absorber section of the tower
where it counter-currently contacts lean triethylene glycol on
bubble-cap trays.
The glycol stream containing from 1 to 5% water contacts the
gas in a short, counter-current column. The water which is ab-
sorbed dilutes the glycol somewhat, and the dilute solution must
be reconcentrated before it can be reused in the absorber. The
reconcentration is accomplished by distilling water out of the
solution in a regenerator. Because of the large difference in the
boiling points of water and glycol, a very sharp separation can be
accomplished with a relatively short column. Some water reflux
must be provided at the top of this column to effect rectification
of the vapors and minimize glycol losses. Excessive decomposition
of the glycols may occur if the temperature reaches too high a
level. A recommended maximum temperature is about 400°F for TEG.
-14-
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Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal With Molecular Sieves
A molecular sieve system similar to the one described in the
Dehydration section can be also used to remove carbon dioxide and/
or hydrogen sulfide. The only basic change is in the quantity
and pore size of the sieve pellets used.
Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal With TEG and Hot Potassium
Carbonate
Coupling the TEG dehydration system described previously with
a hot potassium carbonate scrubbing system would allow the removal
of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide as well as dehydration. A
typical flow sheet for a hot carbonate C0_ and H2S removal
(sweetening) process is shown in Figure 6.
Landfill gas containing C02 and HLS (sour gas) flows through
a separator (not shown in Figure 6) and a gas-to-gas exchanger.
Heated sour gas enters the absorber in which it is contacted
counter-currently with lean hot potassium carbonate. The absorber
in a hot carbonate plant normally operates at about 230°F and
400 psig. CO, and H2S are absorbed by the lean carbonate solution.
The sweetened gas leaves the top of the absorber (with a high
water content) and passes through the gas-to-gas exchanger. Be-
cause of th« sweetened gas1 water content, dehydration is normally
required. The TEG system described previously can accomplish the
required dehydration.
Rich carbonate solution leaves the bottom of the absorber and
flows to the stripper which operates in the range of 2 to 10 psig.
The sudden release in pressure flashes a large portion of the
acid gases on the top tray. The partially stripped solution then
flows down the stripper for further regeneration with steam from
-16-
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SIMPLIFIED PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
HOT CARBONATE PROCESS
SWEETENED
GAS OUT
SOUR
GAS IN
ct
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LEAN SOLUTION
RICH SOLUTION
o.
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LS^J?
FIGURE NO.
-17-
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the reboiler.
The acid gases, together with some water vapor, pass over-
head and through the condenser. Steam is condensed and separated
from the acid gases in the reflux accumulator. From the accumlator
water is returned to the stripper as reflux and the acid gases are
flared or further processed.
Lean solution from the bottom of the stripper is pumped to
the top of the absorber for reuse. Temperature at the bottom of
the stripper will normally run in the 240-250°F range.
Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal With The DMPEG Process
The DMPEG process, which dehydrates landfill gas as well as
removes carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, is shown in the
simplified process flow diagram of Figure 7.
Landfill gas is compressed and cooled by exchange with the
treated gas. Condensed water is separated prior to contact with
the solvent which physically absorbs carbon dioxide. The solvent
is the dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol (DMPEG).
The cold lean solvent entering the top of the absorber re-
duces the temperature of the treated gas enough to condense suffic-
ient water to meet the product gas water vapor content specification.
DMPEG having significantly greater solubility for hydrogen
sulfide than for carbon dioxide, some selectivity for hydrogen
sulfide can be designed into the absorption system.
No reboiler heat is required for solvent regeneration. The
solvent is chilled prior to two flash separations. The first
flash separation releases dissolved methane which is recirculated.
The second flash generation vents carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and
water vapor to the atmosphere. The product gas has a water content less
-18-
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than 7 Ibs/MMSCF and contains less than 5% carbon dioxide. In
some instances, particularly when treating for hydrogen sulfide
removal, gas stripping or vacuum regeneration will be required.
Liquefied Natural Gas Manufacture
To remove other impurities from the landfill gas such as
oxygen and nitrogen, cryogenic methods would have to be employed.
Essentially, these methods are similar to those used in the pro-
uction of liquefied natural gas, and involve compression, de-
hydration, C0_ removal, and refrigeration to liquefy methane. The
cost of this approach is prohibitive for volumes of gas in the 1-5
MMSCFD range. This is shown in Table 2 of the section on Economics
of Treating Landfill Gas.
Propane Addition
This is a method of increasing the heating value of landfill
gas by blending this gas with propane which has a very high heating
value (2,517 Btu/scf). A typical flow diagram for this blending
process is shown in Figure 8.
Three separate cases were considered. In Case A, dehydrated
landfill gas (~450 Btu/scf) is blended with propane to produce a
1,000 Btu/scf gas. If treated gas from the dehydrator is available
at a minimum pressure of 50-100 psig, the compressor shown in
Figure 8 would not be required. A process outlet pressure of
75 psig should be adequate to deliver the gas to most customers
without further compression. Injection into^ a gas transmission
grid will, however, require much higher pressures.
Case B is similar to Case A except that the landfill gas has
a heating value of 700 Btu/scf which corresponds to landfill gas
-20-
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with water, and carbon dioxide removed.
Case C uses 975 Btu/scf which corresponds to landfill gas
which has had water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen removed.
Economics of Treating Landfill Gas
The economics of landfill gas treatment are presented in
Tables 2 and 3.
The data in Table 2 is preliminary and comes from a screening
analysis performed in the spring of 1975. Consequently, this
data is in mid - 1975 dollars, and is based on vendor estimates
rather than firm quotes.
The economics are for a raw landfill gas flow rate of 1 to
5 MMSCFD. When completed, the Mountain View Landfill is expected
to produce approximately 5 MMSCFD of raw gas so a flow rate of
1 to 5 MMSCFD was used for preliminary evaluation.
As can be seen from Table 2, costs of treating landfill gas
increase as a higher quality gas is produced. For simple de-
hydration (500 Btu/scf product) estimated costs are $0.31 to
$0.50/MMBtu (Options I and II). For dehydration plus CO, removal
(700 Btu/scf product) the treating costs increase to $0.62 to
$1.00/MMBtu (Option III). The cost of removing all impurities
(975 Btu/scf product) is $1.93/MMBtu.
The propane addition cases are based on maximum gas flow
rates of about 4.5, 3.0 and 1.5 MMSCFD respectively. As propane
addition would take place downstream of landfill gas treating,
these gas rates match well with the maximum outlet rates corre-
sponding to the three levels of treating considered (dehydration,
dehydration plus C02 removal and removal of all impurities). For
-22-
-------
instance, the cost of treating and upgrading landfill gas using
molecular sieves in Option III is $0.62 plus $1.45 for propane
addition for a total of $2.07 per MMBtu. This includes both the
cost and the heating value of propane, with the cost in this case
amounting to approximately 1.6 million dollars per year on the
basis of a propane cost of $0.30 per gallon. Excluding both the
cost and the heating value of propane itself, the capital, operat-
ing and maintenance costs for propane upgrading are approximately
0.13, 0.07 and 0.04 $/MMBtu for the three levels of treatment
respectively.
The preliminary economics of Table 2 do not include a pay-
ment to the landfill operator for purchase of the gas or the costs
of installing the necessary wells and collection system.
On the basis of the preliminary treating economics of
Table 2, a decision was made to proceed with the Mountain View
Demonstration Project using Option Iir gas treatment (700 Btu/scf
product), with injection of the treated gas directly into a near-
by PGandE natural gas transmission line. This decision was taken
for the following reasons:
1. The experimental nature of the project made it
impractical to attempt sale of the gas to nearby
industrial gas customers (not a sufficiently
reliable supply).
2. Other uses of the landfill gas production or on-
site electrical generation are costly and neces-
sitate a larger capital investment for a small scale
demonstration project which may not have a long
enough life to be economically viable.
-23-
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3. The proximity of a large transmission line
which does not depend on landfill source gas
makes pipeline injection an economical and low
risk approach.
4. Option I (simple dehydration) would depress the
heating value of the mixed landfill and natural
gas too much during periods of minimum flow in
the transmission line.
5. Option IV (removal of all impurities) and propane
addition are both expensive and unnecessary if the
landfill gas is injected into the high flow trans-
mission line.
Table 3 presents final design economics for treating landfill
gas by dehydration and C0_ removal (Option III). It is based on
a landfill gas flow rate of 1 MMSCFD. This flow rate was selected
because it is large enough to demonstrate the economic viability
of the concept but holds capital risk to a minimum. The data in
Table 3 is expressed in early 1976 dollars, and is the result of
analysis of firm vendor bids received in conjunction with the final
design for the Mountain View Demonstration Project.
In addition to the information contained in Table 2, the
data in Table 3 includes the cost of wells, gathering system and
analytical equipment. The cost of these items amounts to between
0.18 and 0.23 dollars per MMBtu delivered to the treating plant.
Table 3 shows the molecular sieves to have a substantial
advantage over the other processes considered. This is largely
the result of its higher thermal efficiency. In addition, there
-26-
------- An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.
-------
are indications that operation at reduced gas flow rates favor
molecular sieves over DMPEG. With the molecular sieves process,
the cost of treating landfill gas at 5 MMSCFD to produce 700 Btu/
scf gas is estimated at $1.9/MMBtu.
Neither Table 2 or Table 3 includes long distance landfill
gas transportation costs, as such transportation is not required
for the demonstration project. Generalized landfill gas trans-
portation costs are discussed in the next section.
In all cases, except for those relating to propane addition,
the fixed charges constitute the largest fraction of the total
investment. In this analysis a fixed charge factor 0.248 was
used. It is broken down as follows:
Capital Recovery Factor 0.160
Federal and State Income Taxes 0.057
Ad Valorem Tax 0.030
Insurance 0.001
Total 0.248
The factor is based on a 12% cost of capital, a 10-year life
and a salvage value of 30%. The use of such factors is standard
practice in the utility business. Private, non-regulated companies
can use the capital and operating cost data to perform their own
discounted cash flow computations.
-28-
-------
Gas Transportation
Two nomographs (Figures 9 and 10) have been developed
which provide generalized cost data for the transportation of
landfill gas as a function of: distance to the point of utiliz-
ation, flow rate, available supply pressure and heating value.
The delivery pressure in each case is assumed to be 25 psig. The
cost to transport the gas is given in cents per million Btu and
is based on 1975 dollars. Pipeline construction costs are inter-
mediate for terrain between difficult and normal. The pipeline
facility in each case is assumed to have a 10-year life.
Other Uses of Landfill Gas
Electric Generation
As discussed previously, on-site electrical generation has
already been shown to be a viable use for landfill gas by the
City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. They have
successfully operated a 200-kilowatt generating unit for over a
year at their Sheldon-Arleta Landfill.
The types of electrical generating equipment investigated
were: 1) engine-generators, 2) gas turbine-generators and 3) fuel
cells.
1) Engine-Generators
Of the manufacturers contacted by PGandE, the engine-generator
suppliers showed the most interest. This is probably due to the
present application of their engines to the generation of power
from sewage plant off-gas which has about the same heating value
as landfill gas.
-29-
-------
LANDFILL GAS TRANSPORTATION COST
DEHYDRATED GAS(~500 BTU/SCF)
100 -r
90-
80-
70--
10--
COST BASED ON 1975 DOLLARS
AND 25 PSIG DELIVERY PRESSURE
Example 1:
Given gas available at 2.5 MMcf/day, and
100 PSIG, find the cost to deliver the
gas 8 miles.
Solution:
Place a straight edge on scale B at 2.5
and on the mile scale at 8, read the answer
on the cost scale, 39.6C/MMBtu.
Example 2:
Given gas available at 2.0 MMcf/day, and
400 PSIG, find the cost to deliver the/
gas 7 miles. /
Solution:
Place a straight edge on scale
2.0 and on the mile scale at
read the answer on the cost
scale, 24.4C/MMBtu.
-2.0
/:
e A at
7, /
SCALE ®/k«
MMCF/DAY oD 400 PSIG
-4.0
•3.5
•3.0
— 2.5
— 1.5
— 1.0
_ .9
— .a
_ .75
SCALE
MMCF/DAY oO 100 PSIG
MILES OF PIPE
-5.0
-4.5
-4.0
-3.5
3.0
•2.5
L-2.0
-1.5
- 1.0
. .9
- .8
- .75
FIGURE NO.
-30-
-------
LANDFILL GAS TRANSPORTATION COST
DEHYDRATED GAS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVED 4 SUBSTITUTE NATURAL GAS
(700 OR 975 BTU/SGF)
COST BASED ON 1975 DOLLARS
100-r- AND 25 PSIG DELIVERY PRESSURE.
Example 1:
Given gas available at 2.5 MMcf/day, 400 PSIG and 700 Btu,
find the cost to deliver the gas 10 miles.
Solution:
90
80- -
cost scale, IS.lC/MMBtu.
70
60
CD 50
10
Place a straight edge on scale B at 2.5 and on the mile scale
at 10, read the answer on the cost scale, 20.3*/MMBtu.
Example 2:
Given gas available at 1.5 MMcf/day, 400 PSIG, and 975 Btu,
find the cost to deliver the gas 7 miles.
Solution:
Place a straight edge on scale A at 1.5 and on
the mile scale at 7, read the answer on the
//
10.0
0 SCALE
MMCF/DAY (D400PSR5,
•0 975 BTU
1-9.0
-4.0
r3.5
1-3.0
-2.0
.5
-1.0
_ .5
SCALE 0
MMCF/DAY CO 400 PSIG,
700 BTU
M!LES OF PIPE
r-5.0
r4.0
E-3.5
1-3.0
2.5
12.0
-1.5
-1.0
— .5
FIGURE NO..
-31-
-------
2) Gas Turbines
In general, the gas turbines seemed to be of the wrong size
for landfill field capacities investigated (0.2 - 5 MMSCFD).
They were either too small with the result that a number would
be installed in parallel or too large with the consequence that
they could not efficiently burn the fuel.
3) Fuel Cells
As fuel cells are still in the early developmental stages,
the suppliers could not respond in any detail. However, this
option should be kept in mind as a possible future means of gener-
ating electric power from landfill gas. One supplier confirmed
that the gas composition is suitable for use in its fuel cell and
estimated that the heat rates would be 9,660 Btu/kwh. Fuel gas
supply pressure would need to be about 35 psig which would not
impose a large auxiliary power requirement.
The engine-generator appears, at this time, to be the economical
choice. Its first cost is slightly less than the gas turbine-
generator, its net heat rate is better, maintenance costs are about
the same, and it requires less compression of the fuel gas before
injection into the engine. (Gas pressures of 5 to 10 psig are
satisfactory for the spark type engine, and about 50 psig required
for the diesel, whereas gas turbines require 250 to 300 psig).
A generating plant would consist of one spark type engine-
generator for a 0.2 MMSCFD gas supply and three units for a 1.0
MMSCFD gas field. A field whose capacity exceeds a 1 MMSCFD but
is under 5 MMSCFD would be served by one low-speed, diesel-generator
unit.
-32-
-------
Figure 11 of this report shows a simplified equipment
diagram for on-site power generation. Figures 12 and 13 are
graphs showing gross electric power generation versus landfill
gas field capacity for various higher heating values of the gas,
and capital cost (in February 1975 dollars) versus generating
capacity respectively.
Since PGandE does not have a great deal of experience in
the operation or maintenance of engine-generator units, it has
relied on the suppliers for estimates of the costs involved. An
operating and maintenance cost of 3.0 mils/kwh should be represent-
ative for the spark type engines and 1.5 mils/kwh for the low-
speed, diesel engines.
Figures 13 shows the estimated installed plant costs in
February 1975 dollars versus electric output for a unit burning
500 Btu/scf gas. The cost includes indirect and overhead charges
and is based on purchasing new equipment with engineering and
construction done by PGandE personnel. No provision was made for
a gas collection grid, land, or the purchase of the landfill gas.
The curve shows a general decrease of plant cost in $/kw as the
generating capacity increases as would be expected, but it also
indicates the high cost of this type of generation. For example,
a 10 mw generating facility would cost about 300 $/kw.
The generating equipment is skid-mounted and factory-piped
and wired wherever possible to minimize installation time and to
provide for easy relocation of the facility in the future. All
pieces of equipment with the exception of the gas compressors,
step-up transformer(s), high voltage breaker(s) and high voltage
-33-
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bus are contained within a building to provide weather protection
and sound attenuation. Air-cooled heat exchangers are used
throughout so that make-up water is kept to a minimum.
The generator output voltage is 4.2 kv with step-up trans-
formers provided to raise the voltage to 12 kv, which is typical
for PGandE's distribution. The auxiliary power supply is stepped
down to 480 V. A simplified single line diagram is included in
Figure 11.
The injection of a small quantity of pilot oil into the fuel
gas is recommended by the supplier for the diesel-generator unit.
This would provide a better fuel composition for ignition by the
heat of compression within the engine cylinders. Typical pilot
oil would be No. 2 diesel fuel oil, kerosine, etc.
The emission of atmospheric pollutants is not expected to be
a problem. When firing a gas with a composition shown in the
landfill gas quality and production rate section, they should be
well within the applicable State and local regulations.
Assuming that a centralized generating complex would be pro-
vided, the following minimum space requirements would be needed:
Field Capacity Plot Length Plot Width
0.2 MMSCFD 140 ft. 80 ft.
1.0 MMSCFD 150 ft. 110 ft.
2.0 MMSCFD 155 ft. 80 ft.
3.0 MMSCFD 160 ft. 80 ft.
5.0 MMSCFD 165 ft. 80 ft.
-37-
-------
Due to the successful utilization of sewage plant inter-
mediate Btu off-gas as a fuel for diesel and spark type engines,
it can be concluded that it is technically feasible to fire land-
fill gas in these engines. Compression of the gas to the 5 to 50
psig level is required, but this does not impose a significant
auxiliary power load on the generation capabilities. Plant heat
rates should be about 9,800 Btu/kwh for the spark type engine and
about 9,300 Btu/kwh for the diesel engine. About 26% of the heat
available in the fuel is rejected in the exhaust gases at about
1,050 F, and the remaining heat is lost to the jacket cooling
medium, the lubricating oil and by radiation. Part of the exhaust
gas heat could be easily converted into low pressure steam which
may be of some value at or near the site. In the sewage plant
applications, this heat is used to heat sewage sludge digesters.
The economics of generating electricity from landfill gas
are shown in Table. 4. At a landfill gas rate of 1 MMSCFD, 1.8 mw
of capacity can be sustained at a cost of $0.037 per kwhr. This
would make electricity from landfill gas competitive with power
to be generated in new coal-fired or nuclear plants.
Conversion To Methanol
Another use of landfill gas is its conversion to methanol.
For the small capacity plants that would be used in this type of
operation, the low-pressure process for producing methanol is far
more economical than the high pressure one.
For this particular use of landfill gas, the presence of
carbon dioxide in the gas could prove to be advantageous. The
stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to carbon required to produce
-38-
-------
TABLE 4
PRELIMINARY ECONOMICS OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM LANDFILL GAS
Raw Landfill Gas Rate, MMSCFD 1.0
Generating Capacity, kw 1,800
Electric Output, Kwhr/yr 1) 13,400,000
Total Installed Cost of Generating 1,600,000
Equipment, $
Fixed Charges, $/yr 2) 397,800
Operation and Maintenance at $.003/kwhr, 40,200
$/yr
Fuel Costs at $0.45/MMBtu 3) and 9,800 59,100
Btu/kwhr
Total Costs, $/yr 496,100
Cost of Electricity Generated, $/kwhr 0.037
1) Based on 310 days of operation per year
2) Based on factor of 0.248 (see Table 2 for details)
3} Represents what it would cost PGandE to install the
equipment to extract, gather and compress the gas to
about 5 psig. Also includes what PGandE might pay
for the gas.
-39-
-------
methanol is 2:1. This is shown by the overall reaction which is:
CH2 + H20 _ ^ CO +2H2 _ ^ CH OH
Methane with its 4:1 hydrogen to carbon ratio would produce,
after reforming, a synthesis gas with an excess of hydrogen.
Carbon dioxide in the feed stream would add the needed extra
carbon atoms. A survey of samples taken from Shoreline Regional
Park, however, has shown that the composition of landfill gas is
such that there is still an excess of carbon dioxide present
which may or may not have to be removed, depending on the economics
of the particular process chosen. Preliminary clean-up costs have
been taken into account in our sample economics. Any sulfur con-
tained in the gas would also have to be removed in order not to
poison the catalyst in the converter later in the process.
The feed stream {see Figure 14) is reacted in the primary
reformer to form synthesis gas:
CH4 + H20 - > CO + 3H2
C0 + H , -- CO + H0
The synthesis gas is then compressed to between 50 and 100 atomo-
spheres depending on the size of the plant. The gas enters the
methanol converter where it is reacted over a copper oxide catalyst
at temperatures in the range of 480 - 520°F. The methanol is
separated from the unreacted gas by cooling and the unreacted gas
is recycled through the process.
The low pressure process produces a crude methanol of higher
purity than does the high pressure process, but distillation is
still required to remove the impurities. The distillation process
employs two columns, the first of which strips volatile impurities
-40-
------- An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.
-------
(dimethyl ether, esters, ketones, and iron carbonyl) and the
second removes water and higher alcohols. If the methanol is
to be used as a fuel rather than as a petrochemical feedstock,
the higher alcohols need not be separated form the methanol and
thus only one column would be necessary.
Some sample economics for methanol production are shown in
Table 5. Since methanol production is uneconomical for small
volumes of gas, plant throughputs of 5 and 10 MMscfd were chosen.
It is possible for some of the larger landfills or a group of
landfills to produce this volume of gas. The economics are based
on January 1975 dollars. No provision has been made for wells,
collection grid, land, or purchase of the gas.
Table 5
Investment Costs For Methanol Production
LANDFILL GAS FLOW
Process Investment, M$
Product, Short tons/day
Product Cost, $/MMBtu
$/gallon
The Mountain View Landfill
5 MMSCFD
5,000
68.5
4.01
0.26
Gas Recovery Project
10 MMSCFD
7,500
137
2.55
0.17
- A Case History
In the summer of 1974, following a survey of the 32 existing
landfills in the San Francisco Bay Area which showed fourteen of
these sites to have good potential as gas producers, PGandE agreed
to assist the City of Mountain View on an EPA-sponsored study of
gas recovery in shallow landfills at the Mountain View site.
In the summer of 1975, the project was expanded to include
a demonstration facility to extract and treat one MMSCFD of
-42-
-------
landfill gas. The EPA agreed to contribute $200,000 to the pro-
ject. PGandE agreed to pay for the balance of the project cost,
estimated at $416,000.
In the fall of 1975, a contract was successfully negotiated
by PGandE and the City of Mountain View that sets forth the price
to be paid for the gas and the conditions under which the facility
will be designed, built and operated. The contract also discusses
the procedure to be followed for expanding the project to recover
gas from the rest of the landfill. A copy of the contract is
attached in the Appendix.
As part of the screening analysis carried out in order to
get management approval for the expanded demonstration project,
the following decisions were made regarding the scope of the
project:
1. Production was limited to 1 MMSCFD of landfill gas at
the wellhead. This production rate is representative
of what the fourteen promising sites in the San Francisco
Bay Area can sustain. It limits, to an extent, the risk
capital tied down in the project. Finally, it is large
enough that it produces gas which is competitive with
what PGandE pays for gas imported from Canadian sources,
providing EPA's contribution is deducted from the total
investment.
2. The concept of distributing dehydrated landfill gas to
industrial interruptible customers located in the vicinity
of the landfill was rejected as the landfill gas was not
considered a sufficiently reliable source and the few
-43-
-------
customers that could use the gas showed an erratic
demand pattern which would require frequent shutdown of
the facility. In addition, the construction of a low-
Btu gas distribution grid would have required prior
approval of the Public Utility Commission of the State
of California.
3. Injection of the treated gas (700 Btu/scf) into trans-
mission line 101 was chosen over injection into the
local distribution system at Mountain View in order to
meet the two specifications relating to heating value
(mixed gas heating value of 975 Btu/scf, and fluctuations
within +2 Btu/scf) that are discussed previously. The
fact that transmission line 101 runs across the Mountain
View Landfill favored injection into the transmission
system. Figure 15 locates the Mountain View project
with regard to PGandE's transmission system on the
San Francisco Peninsula.
Late in the fall of 1975, specifications were prepared for
the compressor and the treating unit that were sent out for bids.
A copy of these specifications is included in the Appendix. Bids
were received in January of 1976. Following review of these bids,
revised economics were prepared and form the basis of Table 3 in
the section on economics.
The process using molecular sieves has since then been
selected and orders have been placed for the equipment. A new
round of bids have been requested for a somewhat modified com-
pression scheme involving compression to some intermediate pressure,
-44-
-------
-45-
-------
followed by treating and subsequent compression to 400 psig.
The process is illustrated in Figure 16.
The facility is expected to be in operation by the early 1977,
-46-
-------
47
-------
APPENDIX
I. Derivation of Working Equations
Quantity of gas produced per ton of SMW
Tonnage in place as a function of area and depth
Volume and time calcuation
II. Specifications for Landfill Gas Compressor and Purification
Unit for Mountain View Landfill Project
III. Agreement between the City of Mountain View and PGandE
relating to the Mountain View Landfill Project
-48-
-------
I. Derivation of Working Equations
Quantity of Gas Produced per Ton of SMW
Assuming that one Ib mole of carbon yields one Ib mole
of gas, then the volume of gas produced per ton of SMW is:
V = 16,540 scf/ton of SMW <3)
This number assumes 100% conversion of carbon and a carbon
content of the as-received SMW of 26% by weight (6).
Correcting for air leakage and assuming, in addition, that
this gas has the composition shown in Table 1, the volume at the
wellhead would be on a wet basis:
VREC = 21135 C, scf/ton (4)
Where C represents the fractional conversion of carbon to gas.
Tonnage In-Place as a Function of Area and Depth
The tonnage of refuse in-place is related to landfill area
and depth as follows:
W = 0.807 Ah p
where W = tons of SMW in-place
A = landfill area, acres
h = landfill depth, feet
p = in-place density of SMW, Ib/yd
Assuming that p = 1,000 Ib/yd3, the equation becomes:
W = 807 Ah (6>
Volume/Time Calculations
The City of Los Angeles Water and Power Department and the
City of Mountain View have, on the basis of their testing of the
methane from landfill concept at the Sheldon-Arleta and Mountain
View sites, established an optimum production rate of one CFM per
foot of well depth.
-49-
-------
On this basis, the production rate of a site is given
by the following equation:
Q = 19.97 X 106 (Ah/R2) (7)
Where:
Q = production rate at wellhead conditions, CFD
R = well radius of influence, feet
A and h are as defined above
Under standard conditions of temperature and pressure, the pro-
duction rate equation becomes:
SCFD = (Q) (Tsc) (Pwh) (8)
(Twh) (Psc)
= 0.94Q
Where:
Tsc = 520 °R
Twh = 550 °R
Pwh = 14.6 psia
Psc = 14.7 psia
Combining (8) and (7), the following equation is obtained:
SCFD = 18.77 X 106 (Ah/R2) (1)
This equation was used to generate the graph on Figure 17.
It is obvious that:
(VREC) (W) = 365 (SCFD) (t) (9)
Where:
t = time, year
Combining (1), (6), (4) with (9), the latter equation
becomes:
t = 2.49 x 10~3 CR2 (2)
-50-
-------
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-51-
-------
Specification No. 2785
GM
184662
VOC. OIV.
8
*cc.
1125
"aw
'HK __
211
II
SPECIFICATIONS
For
FURNISHING AND DELIVERY
OF A
COMPRESSOR FOR LANDFILL GAS
AT THE
CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW LANDFILL FACILITY
PACIFIC GAS MID ELECTRIC COMPANY
San Francisco, California
)ER—SIGN HERE TO INDICATE
THIS HAS BScN USED IN PP.EPARING PROPOSAL
SIGNATURE
DATE
APPROVED BY C. J. TATEOSIAN
Manager, Gas System Design
DATE: September 23, 1975
-52-
-------
ADDENDUM
Specification No. 2785
Bidder shall quote as an alternate the additional cost
of furnishing all gas piping, valves, fittings, pres-
sure vessels (excluding cylinders), heat exchangers,
etc., for 600 psig working pressure at 300°F in lieu
of the 400 psig working pressure at 300°F requested
in the attached specification section 7.1. Operating
conditions will remain the same.
2. The second sentence of Paragraph 7.1 should read as
follows:
All gas piping shall be in accordance
with the requirements of Paragraph
192.111 of CPUC G.O. 112-C.
-53-
-------
Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 1
SPECIFICATION 2785
COMPRESSOR FOR LANDFILL GAS UTILIZATION
1.0 GENERAL
This Specification covers furnishing one (1) heavy-duty compressor
plant to be located on the San Francisco Bay shore. The plant will
consist of a reciprocating•compressor with heavy-duty gas engine, gas
scrubbers, gas cooler, and necessary appurtenances for a self-contained
unit, all mounted on a rigid structural steel skid. Electric drive
shall be quoted as an alternate. The unit service will be compressing
landfill gas from approximately atmospheric pressure to 400 psig (maxi-
mum). Normal operating exit pressure will be 350-400 psig. Unit is to
be fully automatic except for manual start and capable of operating
unattended except for daily servicing. Design emphasis should be placed
on reliability of operation and low maintenance cost. Compressor should
be able to operate 72 hours without attendance.
All requirements of this Specification are to be met by the supplier
unless specifically noted otherwise.
1.1 Attached data sheets and General Conditions Specification (F-D)
(MF) are a part of this Specification,
2.0 OPERATION CONDITIONS
2.1 The gas to be compressed and also used for fuel in the engine (if
gas driven) is landfill gas of the following composition:
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 2
Constituent Percent
CH^ 40-45
C02 30-35
02 0.5-2.0
N2 19-24
H2 0-0.02
CO 0-.01
H2S 0.02
H20 Sat'd
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 3
3.2.3 High lube oil temperature.
3.2.4 High jacket-water temperature.
3.2.5 Vibration.
3.2.6 High liquid level in suction and discharge scrubbers.
A pneumatic shutdown and enunciation system is preferred.
3.3 Complete safety shutoff valves, pilot valves, regulating valves,
and all engine piping and manifolding necessary for a landfill gas
fuel system.
3.4 All foundation bolts, nuts, washers, jackscrews and soleplates.
3.5 Oil pumps, gauges, and integral piping for a complete, automatic
lubrication system.
3.6 One complete set of special tools.
3.7 A Peco Full Flow Oil Filter.
3.8 Mechanical tachometer with clutch mounted on engine.
3.9 A suitable residential exhaust silencer.
3.10 A silenced intake air filter; American Air Filter Cycoil or equal.
3.11 Automatic temperature control of the engine and compressor jacket
water and lube oil, both by direct acting temperature controlled
three-way bypass valves.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 4
3.12 A fuel gas heater with bypass connected to the jacket water system.
3.13 An automatic governor and speed control which works through the
governor spring and not by a throttle actuating device - a governor
whose setting can be controlled by a 3-15# signal. (Controller is
to be furnished by Purchaser.) Bidder is requested to include in
his quote the manufacturer model and type of governor to be used
along with a drawing which shows how the remote speed control
device operates. No bid will be considered that does not have this
information.
4.0 The bidder shall furnish the following with each compressor:
4.1 Compressor cylinders shall be designed for 400 psig operating
pressure and hydrostatically tested to 600 psig.
4.2 Compressor shall be furnished with oversized 72 hour capacity
cylinder forced feed lubricators.
4.3 Compressor cylinder rod shall have vented flurocarbon packing.
4.4 Compressor cylinders shall have pneumatically operated suction valve
and clearance pocket unloaders as required suitable for operation
with digester gas at a maximum pressure of 50 psi.
4.5 Compressor cylinders will be piped for cooling.
Note; Purchaser will furnish the unloader and speed control system
controls.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 5
5.0 COOLING EQUIPMENT FOR EACH UNIT
5.1 General
.Cooling for jacket water, lube oil, compressor cylinders, and gas
shall be accomplished with a forced draft air cooled heat exchanger.
Cooling equipment shall be designed to provide sufficient cooling
at minimum engine speed and full engine BMEP. The design operating
conditions are as follows:
5.1.1 The gas cooling coils shall be designed for the lower of the
maximum cylinder pressure or 400 psig at 300°F.
5.1.2 The water cooling coils shall be designed for 100 psig at
250°F.
5.1.3 The design ambient air temperature is 30-100°F.
5.1.4 The minimum net tube side fouling factor shall be 0.004 for
the gas cooling coils, 0.001 for the engine/compressor water
cooling coils.
5.1.5 Elevation of the location is sea level.
5.1.6 Maximum gas discharge temperature leaving cooler shall be
120°F.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 6
5.2 Cooling Coils
All coils used in the air cooled heat exchanger shall consist of
tubes with either continuous helical fins or extruded fins and
adequate supporting framework. The design shall be such that the
tubes are individually removable for replacement and repair without
disconnecting piping. All coils shall be hydrostatically tested
at one and one-half times their design working pressure.
5.3 Headers
5.3.1 Headers shall be preferably of the box type design with
brass plugs opposite each tube end. Tube holes shall be
drilled, reamed and grooved in accordance with standard heat
exchanger practice for rolled tube joints. Headers shall be
either cast steel or welded steel.
5.3.2 Gas headers shall comply with the provisions of the ASME
Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels and be Code stamped. The
Manufacturer shall supply appropriate code certificates.
5.3.3 All headers shall be supplied with vents and drains and all
nozzles shall have at least one 3/4-inch plugged connection.
5.4 Fans and Driving Mechanisms
5.4.1 Fans shall be adjustable pitch with a minimum of four blades.
Fan tip speeds shall not exceed 9,000 feet per minute.
5.4.2 The cooler fan shall be driven from the engine through a
heavy-duty mechanism, suitable for the variable speed
operation of the engine.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 7
5.4.3 Safety Guards
The bidder shall furnish individual guards for the mechanical
drive equipment and the fan of the cooler. Guards shall com-
ply with the provisions of the Safety Orders issued by the
State of California, Division of Industrial Safety and OSHA.
5.4.4 Bidder shall completely fill out and return the attached
data sheets.
6.0 SCRUBBERS
Baffle drip type scrubbers with reflex type liquid level gauges, high
level automatic shutdown and automatic drains shall be installed on both
inlet, outlet, and interstage sides of the compressor.
7.0 PIPING
7.1 General
All gas piping, valves, fittings and pressure vessels shall be
designed for 400 psig working pressure at 300°F. All gas piping
shall be in accordance with the latest edition of the American.
Standard Code for Pressure Piping. All pressure vessels, heat-
exchangers, etc., shall comply with the ASME Code for Unfired
Pressure Vessels.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 8
7.2 The necessary fuel gas piping, valves, relief valves, and regulators
shall be provided by the bidder. PG&E will furnish the gas meter.
7.3 All drains from various headers, drips, and automatic liquid dumps
shall be piped to a common location on the skid.
7»4 Removable screens mounted in frames shall be installed on the inlet
flange of each compressor cylinder. These screens will be removed
after the unit has been placed in operation long enough to determine
that no further dirt is going into the compressor.
7.5 Instrument and control piping shall be seamless stainless steel
tubing. In addition, the suction valve unloaders and clearance
pockets shall be connected and piped to a single point on the skid
to be designated later. These lines will connect to a separate
panel to be mounted adjacent to the skid. (This panel will be
supplied by Purchaser.)
8.0 GAUGE BOARD AND INSTRUMENTS FOR EACH UNIT
8.1 A gauge board shall be installed in a convenient place on the skid,
in such a manner for ease in reading and shall include the following
instruments:
8.1.1 Main gas suction pressure to each stage of compression.
8.1.2 Main gas discharge pressure from each stage of compression.
8.2 The bidder shall include the following Rochester 3" radial dial
type temperature indicators:
8.2.1 Main gas suction to each stage of compression.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
-61- WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 9
8.2.2 Main gas discharge from each stage of compression.
8.2.3 Gas discharge from the gas cooler. (All temperature indica-
tors to have stainless steel thermometer wells.)
9.0 STRUCTURAL DETAILS FOR EACH UNIT
9.1 Bidder shall provide a structural steel skid so that it can be
bolted and grouted in the conventional "stationary plant" manner.
The main skid base shall be built from "I" beams with adequate
cross bracing and channels on top of the beams forming a sub-base
for mounting the compressor. The size of base and "I" beams shall
be stated on the attached data sheet. An adequate number of holes
shall be provided through the skid to allow bolting down the skid
on a concrete pad in the field. The entire structure shall be
rigid to provide safe stability and operation of the compressor.
Lifting bars shall be built into the ends of the skids.
10.0 PREVENTION OF RUST-PAINTING-GALVANIZING
10.1 Exterior Surface Preparation
10.1.1 Cleaning - All surfaces of ferrous metal, except machined
surfaces, shall be cleaned, dried, and free of oil and
grease.- All heavy slag accumulations, metal leaves or
blisters, weld splatter, or other irregularities shall be
removed by appropriate mechanical means after which all
mill scale, rust and old paint shall be removed by blast
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 10
cleaning in accordance with the latest edition of the
Steel Structures Painting Standard SSPC SP 10 for Neat-
White Blast Cleaning. Anchor depth of surface profile
shall not exceed .002 inches (2 mils).
10.1.2 Priming - Within twenty-four (24) hours after blast
cleaning or before reoxidation can take place, one or more
coats of one of the following approved primers listed below
shall be applied to these surfaces. A total dry thickness
of between 2 and 3 mils is required. Coating thickness
shall be maintained over welds, edges of plates, or other
sharp projections or rough areas. All painting shall be
done in accordance with the Steel Structures Painting
Council Standard SSPC-PA-1-64 Paint Application
Specifications.
10.1.3 Approved Primers
Manufacturer Manufacturer No. Brand or Name
Mobil Chemical #7 Mobilzinc
Ameron #6 Dimetcote
Carboline #11 Carbo-Zince
10.1.4 Finish Coat - A finish coat is not required.
10.1.5 Machined Surfaces - Machined surfaces shall be protected
with a suitable rust-inhibitive coating.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 11
11.0 Bidder shall pipe and arrange all equipment in such a manner as to
provide accessibility for maintenance. The completed unit assembled on
the skid shall be portable over California State Highways without
special permit.
12.0 Bidder shall provide the services of a competent serviceman for five
days for supervising the installation of the unit and placing it in
operation.
13.0 PURGING AND CLEANING
Bidder shall clean all piping of dust, dirt, weld beads, etc., prior to
shipment. All openings shall be closed prior to shipment.
14.0 TESTING
When the skid mounted unit is complete, the bidder will make an operating
test in his shop by starting up the engine and running it long enough to
check the following applicable items:
14.1 Cylinder alignment.
14.2 Proper operation of the oil and water cooling equipment, including
pressure and temperature control.
14.3 Proper operation of all liquid level controls.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 12
14.4 Proper operation of all engine or motor shutdown devices.
14.5 Proper operation of all pressure and temperature indicating
devices.
In addition, the bidder will test all piping and equipment in accordance
with the ASME and ASA Codes (see Paragraph 3.2).
Bidder shall notify purchaser in sufficient time, prior to testing, to
permit having a PG&E inspector present during testing, if so desired.
15.0 INFORMATION
15.1 Six copies of an operating manual for each complete unit shall be
provided when the equipment is shipped. These manuals shall
include the following:
15.1.1 Operating and maintenance instructions and parts lists for
all equipment. (When general manufacturer's bulletins are
supplied, the specific item used shall be marked.)
15.1.2 A listing in one place of operating specifications and
instrument and control settings for levels, temperatures,
pressures, speeds, etc., for all equipment.
15.1.3 A set of performance curves showing horsepower and capacity
versus suction pressure for the compressor, throughout its
operating range. (Assume 400 psig discharge.)
15.1.4 Operating instructions for the unit as a whole, prepared
by the bidder, and showing proper startup, running, and
shutdown procedures.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2785
September 23, 1975
Page 13
15.1.5 One complete set of construction drawings.
15.2 Shipping instructions shall be furnished by PG&E at a later date.
15.3 The correspondence pertaining to the specifications, drawings, and
job may be addressed to:
Mr. C. J. Tateosian
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
77 Beale Street, Room 2857
San Francisco, CA 94106
All telephone calls may be made to:
Mr. R. A. Holden
(415) 781-4211, Extention 1448
or
Mr. R. W. Headrick
(415) 781-4211, Extention 3706
15.4 Bidder will sign below to indicate that his quotation covers
equipment in accordance with the above specification, and, that
if exception is taken to any provision above, it is specifically
stated to be an exception in the quotation.
Bidder
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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SAMPLE ONLY, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL
USE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
FROM PG&E
General Condition*
-------
SAMPLE ONLY, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL
USE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
FROM PG&E
General Conditions
(F-D)(Mn
S.O TITLK
}.l Till* to th« equipment un.l/nr motvi l.il fiiniliihu.l hereunder uhall paau to PC4E. "fob veeeel, car or
othor vehicle, point of shipment". Should the equipment imd/or material be received et destination by PCiE In •
damaged condition and any clnltn for damiijte
-------
SAMPLE ONLY, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL
USE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
FROM PG&E
Ci'iu't'ul ComUl l',n«»
(I -II) (MK)
10.0 CANCr.l.l.ATlON PKOVISION
10. I If VCil. Hhall l»> requln'il or uWinx It mlvUnl>ji< as a tllrt-ct "i Indirect t'oniKiqurntc ot rtnv governmental
«. lion, . r fur oth'T good nnd aiifrutant rc.ison, Co miHpvnd or terminate clip wxrk hiring performed pursuant Co this
Spui 11 U'utlon, Hi; 4 r may ila mi liy written niilli'i-. Supplier thereupon ahull t:ik* wh.-itever ectlon wlcli r«ip«ct to
work In process an will tend to minimize- Itw cliifin nujinHt PG4t. PCiE vLll pay Supplier * ressonitble suspension
or termination churge, excluding nny -allownm-i; t»r anticipated profits i purpose of witnessing tests, making Inspections, and preparing prog-
ress reports, PGitl's Inspector shall be notified well In advance of the starting of the work and he shall be given
full si-ceas to the shop at all times during working hours during the period of manufacture, aa well »» full access
to all shop teata performed by Supplier. On request, Supplier shall provide PCiE's Inspector with t list of prin-
cipal production touts and Inspection points. Supplier shall'provlde reasonable advance notice of the time of
thime tents and Inspections which PGiE'e Inspector Indicates he Intends to witness. If certain tests are apecl-
(lud 10 b« witneasud by VCiK'n Inspector, It Khali net be construed to limit access to other shop tests, KiE's
inspei'Cnr shall Iiave ucce»n to all test and Inspection records pertinent to this contract. Supplier shall require
nub con true tors and supplier! performing work pursuant to this contract ID conform to the requirements of this
Puragr.iph .
U.I Material feats; should material teHtii be required by Engineer, Supplier will be advised tn ample tine
s>< choc 'cue specimens c»n he provided during thr Khnp immufacture, Unless otherwise provided, such tests shell
bs nuiilt1 In accordance with requirements of the jppllcable ASTH standard'!.
11.4 Certified Test Reports! Supplier nh.il] furnish to Engineer certified copies of all test reports. The
number of copies r«qulred~shall be aa specified In the Specific Conditions hereof. These test reports, In addi-
tion tn hrlng certified, shall be approved by PC.iE's Inspector In the vicinity before being sent to Engineer,
11 -^ Field Tents! Field tests shall bo made at the expenle of FC&E oxcept that the expense of Supplier's
reyrvitentutlves, if any, shall be borne by Supplier. If for any reason whatsoever the equipment and/or MterUl
dueu nut meet the guarantees agreed upon In any respect and it is necesnsry for Supplier to make alterations for
ch.' purpose of n«eting these guarantees, additional tests required to show the effects of such alterations shall
be performed by Supplier at Its own expense.
11.6 Location of PCirE's Inspector! The location of ths headquarters of FG&E's inspector may be obtained
from I'C&K'n Department of Engineering Services, Inupectlun Section, 77 lleale Street, San Francisco, CA 94106.
11.7 Inspections and Tests Not Deemed Waiver: The witnessing of such testa end the receipt of reports of
such tcHCx by Engineer, and Supplier's compliance with all provisions of this section concerning inspections and
tests shall not constitute a waiver by FC&E of uny warranty concerning Che equipment and/or natcrlal, nor relieve
Supplier of eny warranty concerning said equipment and/or material.
IZ.O SHIPMKNT
12.1 Carlo.nl Shipments! Thirty (30) days prior Co shipment, routings on csrload shipments, together with en
outlined xketch nhowing shipping dimensions and weights, shall be forwarded for approval to PG&E's Traffic Bureau,
II Heiilf Street, S.m Franc-toco, CA 94106, Supplier shall be responsible fur assuring that equipment snd/or tiate-
rlul U properly prepared for shipment and loaded fa as to prevent damage during shipment. At or prior to the
time nf xlilpment, Supplier uhall forward to FR&F's Traffic Bureau complete details, including any diagrams or
xlii'tches prepared, concerning the method anil technique of preparing chc equipment and/or material for shipment and
lod.HnK, Including chose utilized tn prevenC hoch external and internal damage during shipment, loading, and
iHilnnillnjt.
\i.'i Material List ; A complete lint nf nil material ahtpptd shall he mailed to the work sltv.
12.) Bills of Isdtng: Hills of lading sh.ill bu mulled to Fi,&E as follows;
12.31 Rencrsl Construction Department, 77 Reals Street, San Francisco, CA 94106.
12.12 Materials Department, Trsfftc buroau, 77 Beale Street, San Francisco, CA 94106.
12. 33 1o the work situ.
Innpsefnr In the vicinity, The location of th" headquerters of this Inspector may be
"hfnlned (rum I'G&K'i Department of Kng Inner Ing Services, Impacting Section, 77 (eele Street, S«n Francisco,
I't.'i tdunlll Uat,lon> All ruuLlnjH, 'iki'trhvx, nutrrlsl lUcv, anil Mils of lading shall bo Identified with
PliM'/'i piirrhaae urdsr numbi'r, spot 1 1 lent Ion numltwi , .ind plant na/no.
j
ll.»7'.' .,- CC-1 B-l-71
— o y —
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SAMPLE ONLY, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL
USE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
FROM PG&E
General Condition*
(F-D)(MF)(HISC)
11.0 INDEMNITY
13.1 Supplier ahall Indemnify PG&E, Ite officers, agent", and employees, against all loaa, danage, aspenae.
and liability resulting from Injury to or death of person, Including, but not United to, employee* of PG&E and/or
Supplier, or Injury to property, Including but not limited to, property of PC&E and/or Supplier, arising out of or
In any wiry connected vlth the technical direction of installation, inspection, or construction performed by Sup-
plier'* representatlvea at PG&E's work site in conjunction with the equipment and/or materiel furnished herounder,
excepting only auch Injury or death as nay be caunrd by the eole negligence or willful nieconduct of PC&E. Sup-
plier ahall, on PG&K's request, defend any suit anserting a claim covered by this Indemnity. Supplier ahall pay
all costs that may be Incurred by PG&E in enforcing the indemnity, including reasonable attorney's fees.
U.O WABHANTIES
U.I Workmanship and Materials; Supplier shall warrant that the equipment and/or material and all part*
thereof furnished by Supplier, whether or not manufactured by Supplier, shall be of the kind and quality described
in the purchase order or contract (which shall Include this Specification) will be free of defects In workmanship,
•aterlsl, and title, ahall perform in the manner hereinafter sat forth in Paragraph 14.2, shall be of good and
merchantable quality and shall be fit for its Intended purpose.
16.2 Performance: Supplier shall warrant that when the equipment and/or material is plsced in operation or
used It vtll perform In the manner set forth in the purchase order or contract, which shall include this
Specillcation.
14.3 Remedies; Supplier shall agree that if It shall appear within twelve (12) months from the date of
shipment, that the equipment and/or material delivered hereunder does not meet the warranties specified above and
PO&E notifies Supplier promptly upon the discovery of the defect or nonconformity, Supplier shsll acknowledge
receipt of such notice of defect or nonconformity and shall inform PC&E in writing within five (5) days of receipt
of such notice as to whether:
(e) Supplier will, it its expense, immediately repair or replace the equipment and/or material or otherwise
correct it so that It will meet and conform to the warranties specified above, provided, however, that If
Supplier should elect to repair said equipment and/or material, such repair shall be effected in such • man-
ner aa not to lnterferu with construction and operations conducted by PC&E, end In such e Banner as not to
Interfere or brrach any labor agreements between PG&E or its contractors or subcontractore and labor unions
performing work for PG&E, its contractors or subcontractors; or
(b) Supplier authorizes PG&E to repair the equipment and/or material, or have it repaired, or otherwise correct
the nonconformity, or have it corrected, so that the equipment and/or material will meet and conform to the
warranty specified sbove, and agrees to pay PG&E the cost of such repair, replacement, or correction.
14,31 All freight charges Incurred in connection with any such repair or replacement shall be borne by
Supplier.
14.32 If Supplier Is obliged to correct defects aa herein provided, the warranty period for the
impaired or replacement part shall extend for one year from completion of repair or Installation of auch part
provided the same Is not unreasonably delayed by PG&E.
14.4 Limitation of Liability: It shall be agreed that if Supplier shall so replace, repair, or otherwise
correct the defect or nonconformity, or so authorize PG&E to repair, replace, or otherwise correct the defect or
nonconformity and payx or agrees In writing to pay the cost of such repair, replacement, or other correction, such
shsll constitute fulfillment "f all liabilities of Supplier to PC&E for any claim based upon such defect or non-
conformity, and in such uvent, except as to title and except as provided In the paragraphs entitled "Infringement
Protection" and "Indemnity," Supplier shsll not be liable for special or consequential damage*. If Supplier so
replaces, rcpsira, or otherwise corrects the ilefccl or nonconformity, or no authorises PG&E to repair, replace,
or otherwise correct the defect or nonconformity nnd pays ths cost of sucli repair, replacement, or other correc-
tion, and 1( subsequently lit >loter»lned eltlu-r by agreement between Supplier and PG&E or any court of competent
jurisdiction that Suppllor IH not liable for such defect or nonconformity, PG&E will repay or refund the sum no
paid by Supplier. In any oveiit. Supplier's liability for nny claim based upon such defect, nonconformity, or
noneonipllanitt shall not exroed the total price of tlir equipment and/or material furnished under this Specification
except no provided In the paragraphs entitled "Warranties," "Infringement Protection," and "Indemnity."
-70- *a
3.;>3:4 /u CC-4 4-1-70
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mil SAMPLE ONLY, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL General Condition*
USE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
FROM PG&E
u.o PATKOTS
15.1 Approval ot Payment*! Payaente will be made only upon the approval of PG&E and In accordance with the
teraa of tha sgreeaeat.
15.I Invoices I Supplier ahall randar all Invoice* In quadruplicate for payment whan dua. Involcaa ahall ba
Mllad toi Pacific Oaa and Electric Company, Poat Office Box 7760, San Francisco. CA 94119. Involcaa ahall indl-
cata dallvery chargaa, supervision of installation chargaa, If any, and axe 1st taxaa aa single aaparate items
apart from tha coat fob vessel, car, or other vehicle, point of shipment. FG6E'a specification nuabar, purchaaa
ord«r nunbar, and plant name ahall appear on all invoice!.
15.3 Supplier's Responsibility: Full payment by PC&E ahall not relaaae Supplier of Ita raapooalbllty to
fully carry out Ita contract obligatlona.
15.4 Releaasi Tha acceptance by Supplier ol Clnal paynent made under the terra hereof shall operate aa and
ba a raleaaa of PG&E ond evrry office and agent thereof, of and from all claims of Supplier for any and all things
done or omitted by or on behalf of PC&F. In connection with, relating to, or growing out of this contract for the
work dona hereundar.
16.0 METHOD OF PAYMENT
16.1 Preferred Hathodi Payments on the purchase price ahall be made aa follows:
16.11 Ninety-five percent (951) of tha component price thirty (30) daya after Invoice data and receipt
of supporting bill of lad tag evidencing shipment, provided the equipment and/or material la received at work
alte and no apparent defect* or daaaga la observed. Tha invoice data ahall be cha data of delivery to tha
carrier.
16.12 five percent (it) thirty (30) daya after passing the acceptance testa described in this Speci-
fication. In tha event aucb teata are delayed more than seven (7) months after the data of operation eat
forth In thia Specification and deliveries have not been delayed and the equipment does not appear damaged,
defective, or nonconforaing with the contract, the final payment will then become payable. Unless otherwise
agreed, no paynant ahall be deemed to constitute an acceptance of the equipment or any component part thereof
or a releesa of any responsibility or obligation of Supplier.
16.2 Alternate Method I Bidder may preaent an alternate scheme of payment in addition to Bidder's baalc pro-
poaal which ahall comply with thla Specification, but PC&B reserves the right to adhere to the method outlined
above. The bsalc propoaal ahall be labeled "Baalc Proposal," and any alternate designated "Alternate Proposal."
3.1*13 COS 4-1-/0
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Specification No. 2774
GM
184662
LOC. CIV.
8
«cc.
1125
"Miff1
?at
211
II (Continued)
SPECIFICATIONS
For
FURNISHING AND DELIVERY
OF A
LANDFILL GAS PURIFICATION UNIT
FOR THE
CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW LANDFILL FACILITY
PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY
San Francisco, California
BIDDER—SIGN HERE TO
THIS HAS BSEN USED IN PREPARING PROPOSAL
SIGNATURE......
DATS
APPROVED BY C. J. TATEOSIAN
Manager, Gas System Design
DATE: September 15, 1975
-72-
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ADDENDUM
Specification No. 2774
Bidder shall quote as an alternate the additional cost
of furnishing all gas piping, valves, fittings, pres-
sure vessels, heat exchangers, etc., for 600 psig working
pressure in lieu of the 400 psig working pressure re-
quested in the attache'd specification. The applicable
ASME and ANSI Codes shall be adhered to.
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 1 of 12
SPECIFICATION FOR ACID GAS REMOVAL UNIT
FOR LANDFILL GAS UTILIZATION
1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This Specification covers the supplying of one (1) completely
packaged HjO, CO™, and H_S removal plant to be installed at the
Mountain View Landfill in Mountain View, California.
1.2 The entire plant shall be supplied complete with all equipment and
accessories necessary for automatic and unattended operation,
testing, and routine maintenance unless specific exemption is made
below.
1.3 Refrigeration processes are not covered in detail in this specifi-
cation. However, Sections 2, 3 and 6-13 remain applicable for any
proposed processes. If a refrigeration process is proposed,
bidder shall submit, with quote, a detailed equipment bill of
materials which includes metallurgy, for PG&E evaluation. A
control schematic shall also be submitted.
1.4 Bidder must quote on specifications but may quote on as many
alternates as desired.
1.5 General Conditions Specification (F-D)(MF) is attached hereto and
made a part hereof.
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NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 2 of 12
1.6 Specification 2785 (attached) shall be used for compression
equipment. Bidders who elect to submit proposals for both speci-
fications, may wish to optimize the pressure level for acid gas
removal at some intermediate pressure. If so, please so specify
and include a description on your flow sheet. However, each
specification shall be adhered to so far as is practicable and all
exceptions shall be specifically stated. In addition, each bidder
shall submit a detailed equipment specification sheet including
proposed metallurgy, a control schematic, and applicable codes and
standards under which this would be designed and constructed if
different from the ones listed herein.
2. GENERAL DESIGN CONDITIONS
2.1 Wind load - 20 psf on 2/3 of projected area.
2.2 Earthquake - 0.50g Horizontal Loading.
2.3 All pressure vessels shall be fabricated, inspected, tested, and
found acceptable in accordance with the latest edition of the ASME
Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels. This shall include in all
instances, even if not required by the Code, 100 percent X-ray of
all welded joints. Radiograph films shall be made available to
the Pacific Gas and Electric Company inspector.
2.4 Perform Charpy V-notch impact test on at least three specimens of
material used which will average 15 ft-lb at -20 F, with no single
specimen below 10 ft-lb at -20 F. Specimen size shall be 10 mm x
10 mm x 55 mm. If cryogenic processes are proposed (<0°F), the
transition temperature shall be determined for the designated
metallurgy and submitted to PG&E for approval.
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 3 of 12
2.5 All the fabrication shall be done by welders qualified in
accordance with Section IX, Welding Qualifications, of the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and conform to Appendix D of
Section VIII, "Suggested Good Practice Regarding Internal
Structures." Prior to fabrication, the manufacturer shall submit
a description of welding procedure and type of welding and welding
electrodes to be used.
2.6 After fabrication and in every instance, even if not required by
the Code, post weld heat treatment of the vessel (as outlined by
Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code) is
required by Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Vessel shall be
code-stamped. All welds, internal and external, shall be conti-
nuous and equal to the parent material strength and ductility.
2.7 Weld defects shall be removed by chipping, grinding, or arc-
gouging to sound metal. Repairs to welds shall be done in such a
manner as not to gouge, groove, or reduce the base metal thickness.
If the repair is in a section requiring radiography, it shall be
re-radiographed.
2.8 All piping shall be designed to a 0.5 Design factor, in accordance
with the requirements of Paragraph 192.111 of CPUC G.O. 112-C.
All piping requiring field installation shall be flanged or
beveled for welding.
2.9 All plant controls and accessories shall be so designed that
copper and alloys having more than 70 percent copper do not con-
tact landfill gas or natural gas. Stainless steel tubing or steel
piping shall be used exclusively to supply gas to all instrumenta-
tion equipment. A filter shall be installed on the instrument
supply immediately upstream of each individual control device.
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NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 4 of 12
2.10 All connections 2 inches and larger shall be flanged. All flanges
shall meet the appropriate ANSI Service Rating. Flanges with
higher than ANSI 150 rating shall be raised face weld neck suit-
able to 0-ring type seals manufactured by Parker Gask-0-Seal.
Where required, Gask-0-seals shall be supplied.
2.11 Connections less than 2 inches shall be minimum 2,000-pound
couplings and fittings. Only steel piping or stainless steel
tubing and Gyrolok fittings shall be used.
2.12 All threaded connections shall be assembled using Teflon tape. In
addition, all threaded solvent piping shall be seal welded.
3. DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS
3.1 Landfill gas may be supplied to the process at 300-400 psig and
/Jo /•iJ-OQ-F. (See compressor spec. 2785.) For cryogenic processes
bidder may wish to combine compressor spec. 2785 with cryogenic
compressor.
3.2 Inlet Digester Gas Analysis Compressor
% by Volume
co2
H2S
CO
AR
40 - 45
30 - 35
0.02 (Max)
Sat'd @ 4 in W.C. 100°F
0.5 - 2.0
19 - 24
0 - 0.02
0 - 0.01
Trace
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NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 5 of 12
3.3 After compression, landfill gas will be saturated with H?0 at
300-400 psig, 120°F.
3.4 Product Gas shall have <3% C0_ and <4 ppm H S. HO content
would preferably meet our current pipeline specification of
7///MMSCF; however 20-30///MMSCF could be tolerated. Sensitivity
of cost (both operating and capital) to the amount of H_0 removed
shall be indicated for the range 7-30//H 0/MMSCF product gas.
3.5 Design flow 1 MMSCF/D landfill gas (Total Feed)
3.6 Ambient air temperature 30°F - 100°F
3.7 Percent of design flow at which unit is ^ ._
j&
capable of meeting exit gas specifications -WJ-"- 100%
4. ABSORBER-DESIGN CONDITIONS
4.1 Normal ASME design pressure (at 120 F inlet). 400 psig
If gas purification is accomplished at lower pressure,
please state new proposed ASME design pressure.
4.2 Maximum gas pressure drop across plant at design
flow conditions (include heat exchangers and
outlet piping) 2 psid
4.3 Absorbers shall be supplied complete with all internals, all
exterior connections and nozzles, suitable liquid level controls
(Fisher 2500 series liquid level controls and Fisher dump valves
shall be used) and all other accessories required for unattended
and automated operation. Unit shall also have the following:
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NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 6 of 12
4.3.1 1/2" pressure taps across each tray (if used).
4.3.2 3/4" drain connection for each tray (if used).
4.3.3 System shall be properly protected against overpressure
according to ASME Codes utilizing relief valves with relief
valve isolators having a pressure connection for testing
the relief valve in place.
4.4 Provision shall be made for access to all trays and all inside
parts. Two manholes shall be provided, one at the top and one at
the bottom of the unit(s).
4.5 Where possible, equipment shall be skid mounted.
5. SOLVENT REGENERATION [If applicable]
5.1 If possible, a direct fired solvent regenerator shall be used.
Other methods of solvent regeneration may be quoted as an
exception.
3
5.2 Landfill gas at 100 psig (-400-450 Btu/ft ) will be supplied to
the regenerator skid by PG&E.
5.3 All heat exchangers, refrigeration units included, shall be
designed and constructed in such a manner as to allow easy
maintenance.
5.4 All valves except fuel gas valves shall be OS&Y wi-th removable
seats. Appropriate materials shall be used to sustain long valve
life.
5.5 Insulation shall be accomplished in the manufacturer's shop
wherever possible.
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 7 of 12
5.6 A pressure indicating gauge shall be provided on the output of
each controller or pressure control valve.
5.7 Two fuel gas control valves, in series shall be provided. Each
shall have an individual thermostat. Main burner(s) shall have
automatic shutoff if pilot outage occurs. Pilot shall be equipped
with a completely automatic electric igniter assembly. Igniter
shall be capable of re-ignition on pilot outage and re—sequencing
main burner; if pilot re-ignition is unsuccessful after three (3)
tries unit shall shut off pilot and main burner(s) and one (1) set
of SPDT alarm contacts shall be operated.
6. DETAILED INFORMATION THAT MUST BE SUPPLIED WITH BID (SIX COPIES OR ONE
REPRODUCIBLE)
6.1 A flow diagram showing the type of equipment, process cycle, and
material and heat balances where appropriate, e.g., absorbers,
heat exchangers, and regenerator.
6.2 An itemized list of all equipment and its cost, fob destination,
separately tabulated along with its related instruments, controls,
and accessories. The latter three shall be identified by the
service they accomplish. (Show amount of freight allowed.)
6.3 Dimensions, typical outline, arrangement, and sectional drawings,
or cuts of each type of major equipment.
6.4 Operating requirements, e.g., fuel (gas), steam, water, electric
power (pumps), solvent makeup, etc.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 8 of 12
7. SUCCESSFUL BIDDER SHALL FURNISH
7.1 Six copies or 2 reproducibles of preliminary design drawings for
approval, earliest possible date. Upon final approval by PG&E,
two (2) copies and one (1) reproducible of all drawings shall be
furnished.
7.2 Ten copies of an operating manual that shall contain:
7.2.1 Mill test reports on plate material.
7.2.2 Manufacturer's data report, Form U-l, for unfired pressure
vessels.
7.2.3 Post weld treatment charts.
7.2.4 Hydrostatic test charts for vessel(s).
7.2.5 Schematic on 17-inch by 11-inch sheets - one covering
solvent flow and one covering fuel and instrumentation
circuits.
7.2.6 Final, as built, dimensional drawings for contactor,
reboiler, exchangers, and all other pressure vessels,
stamped and certified by signature.
7.2.7 Complete specification of all materials, assemblies, and
equipment not covered by Section 7.0.
7.2.8 A set of three (3) Charpy V-notch impact specimens.
7.2.9 Complete operating instructions and maintenance
recommendations.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 9 of 12
7.3 Pacific Gas and Electric Company GM number and purchase order
number and date on tower and reboiler nameplate.
7.4 At no extra charge, a serviceman to set controls and "start up"
plant.
Note; Mail Items 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 to:
Mr. C. J. Tateosian
Manager, Gas System Design Department
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
77 Beale Street, Room 2857
San Francisco, CA 94106
8. LADDER AND PLATFORM
8.1 A suitable working space and caged access ladder shall be provided
to facilitate testing and maintenance requirements of the relief
valve and the bursting disc assemblies. Note Item 4 in General
Conditions (F-D)(MF), Laws and Regulations, attached.
9. PREVENTION OF RUST - PAINTING - GALVANIZING
9.1 Painting Surface Preparation: All surfaces of ferrous metal,
including interior surfaces from which the rain is excluded by
continuous welds except lubricated parts and machined surfaces and
parts listed in the galvanizing paragraph below, shall be dry and
cleaned and free of oil and grease. Heavy slag accumulations, all
metal leaves or blisters, weld splatter, or other irregularities
shall be removed by appropriate mechanical means after which all
mill scale, rust, and paint shall be removed by blast cleaning in
accordance with the latest edition of the Steel Structures
Painting Council Standard SSPC SP6 for Commercial Blast Cleaning.
Anchor depth of surface profile shall not exceed .002" (2 mils).
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 10 of 12
9.2 Priming: Within eight hours after blast cleaning and before
rusting can take place, one or more coats of one of the approved
primers listed below shall be applied to these surfaces. Addi-
tional primer shall be applied as necessary to obtain a minimum
total dry thickness of not less than .0015 inches (1-1/2 mils).
Coating thickness shall be maintained over welds, bolts, rivets,
edges of plates, or other sharp projections or rough areas.
9.3 Approved Primers;
9.3.1 For contactor tower, use
Mobil Chemical Mobilzinc No. 7
Porter Coatings Zinclook 350
Napko Corp. Napko 5Z
9.3.2 For reboiler and all equipment on skid that will be
subjected to high temperatures, use PG&E Inorganic Zinc No.
55 or Mobil Zinc No. 7.
9.4 Machined Surfaces: Machined surfaces and lubricated parts shall
be protected with a suitable rust-inhibitive coating, such as
Rocket Distribution Company's (San Francisco) No. WD-40.
9.5 Galvanizing; All ladder, ladder guard handrails, checked floor
plates, and gratings shall be protected by hot-dip galvanizing in
accordance with the current ASTM Standard A-386, Specifications
for Hot-Dip Zinc Coatings on Assembled Steel Products.
9.6 All openings shall be covered before shipment to protect from
weather and Impact damage.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 11 of 12
10. VESSEL INTERNALS
10.1 All vessel internals and bolting materials shall be furnished and
installed by the manufacturer, prior to shipment or at the
jobsite unless otherwise specified.
11. HYDROSTATIC TESTING
11.1 Vessels shall be hydrostatically tested at 1.5 times the speci-
fied maximum operating pressure. Certification of the hydrostatic
testing of the vessel(s) in accordance with the latest ASME code
shall be furnished. (See Item 7.24.)
12. INSPECTION
12.1 At all times, while work on Purchaser's contract is being
performed, the Purchaser's inspector shall have free entry to all
parts of the manufacturer's works that concern the materials
ordered. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reason-
able facilities without charge to satisfy him that materials are
being furnished in accordance with these specifications. All
tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacturer
prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified.
12.2 Welder specifications shall be made available to the inspector.
12.3 The manufacturer shall provide PG&E a shop schedule for both
vessels and reboiler and shall inform PG&E the exact time of the
installation of the ends of contactor vessel to enable the
inspection of the completed tower.
Note: Unless Bidder takes exception in his quote to above speci-
fications, it will be understood that equipment will meet
specifications.
SAMPLE ONLY
NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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Specification No. 2774
September 15, 1975
Page 12 of 12
13. INFORMATION
13.1 The correspondence pertaining to the specifications, drawings,
and job may be addressed to:
Mr. C. J. Tateosian
Manager, Gas System Design
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
77 Beale Street, Room 2857
San Francisco, CA 94106
Telephone calls regarding engineering details may be made to
Mr. R. Holden (415) 781-4211, Extension 1448 or Mr. R. Headrick,
Extension 3706.
R. W. HEADRICK
cc RPBenton - 15
Joe Pirtz - 4
MCBlanchet - 2
WForbes - 3
ATSchmidt - 2
RAHolden - 1
RWHeadrick - 5
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WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
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('cnc r.t I t ui\ ( L i i. r
'r^: PC&F may suspend work or delivery by Kxtcnsinn ol time to Supplier.
Supplier, shall not be llaoic i,>r decays in delivery or failure to manufacture or delivery due to Biases brson.l
lt« reasonable control. The date of delivery, in the event of such delay, shall be postponed by the number ,•(
calendar days over which such cause or event extended, provided Supplier submits to PCSE a claim (n writing for
extension of time within seven (7) days from the date of the start of delay. In the event Supplier is late in
delivery, there shall b* no escalation or price adjustment beyond the contract shipment date, except where sui'h
lat.e delivery 1* requested or caused solely by PC&K.
4'° L*WS_ AK1)_ P. EBUI.ATIONS
*.l Fqujpmcnt and/or isterisl furnished hcreundor slmll be so designed and construct.-!! th.it wlion livitvll.il
It will comply with the applicable lawn, rules, And rcKUl.it Ions, Including, without, limitation, nil "Orrup.'il loa.11
Snf«ty and Health Standsnl*" |tromul «ited by the U.K. .Secretory at Labor and all S.ifcty Orders of the Division ol
Industrial Safety, UepAi'tftt1:)! of Industrial rU'latlonu, State of Cttlifk'rnia, which mubt ho complied ulrh tu'ti't*1
th<* equipment And/or materiil rvay lawfullv bo tM'.'d hy Pf'M: In Callfnrnl/t. All L'Xiu>nS(!N nu-tirrcJ in tvmplyin>:
with these requirements «r« understood to bu Included In the contract price.
6.26:2 tt'-l 1C <* 'I
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U6E WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
FROM PG&E General Conditions
s.o TITLI:
5. I title to the equipment «mi/<>r moteil.il fnrnlttheJ liereumler ahsTl pass to PC&C, "fub vessel, c.ir, or
other vehicle, point ot shipment", should tin1 equipment ;ind/,ir materlul ht received ac destination Sy I'Clc In .1
dsnsged condition and any rlulm fur damage i|m ing nlilpment be declined by the carrier or carriers with the iiiiur-
ence that damage wan the rr-iult of the act of tlie »hl|iper or some Inherent dnlect in th* equipment »nJ/nr miterl.it.
Supplier, upon the request of PC4E, shall assume' thi* reupnnnIbl11ty of procenslng any claim or claims against the
csrrler or carriers and u'uill ruUihurne I'C.ll for Hie CUNI of repairing or replacing ths damaged equipment .mil/or
noterlal. In any ev«nt. Supplier nlmll assist PG&K In CHtabllshlng carrier liability by supplying evidence that
the equipment and/or matert^l Vtis properly constructed, manufactured, packaged, and secured to withstand normal
transportation conditions.
6.0 SPECIFICATION AND DRAWINGS
6.1 CfnersJU This Specification and the accompanying drawings. If any, are complementary and shall be taken
In conjunction. Supplier shall report to Engineer in writing any discrepancy or errors which cone to Ics atten-
tion. Nere«sary work Inplled aa Included In the contract shall be Included without extra cost to PG&E. Figured
dlnanslorui ehsll be followed in preference tu scaled dimensions. PC&E's Specification shall govern In cases of
conflict with Supplier's specifIcntlon unless otherwise provided.
6.2 Approved Drawings: Unless otherwise provided Supplier shall make any necessary detailed drawings, sub-
ject to tlte approval of Er.jlneer and shall be responsible for their practicability. Approval of such drawings by
Engineer shall be general nnly and shall not relieve Supplier of responsibility for correct construction and com-
pliance ult\ the purchase order or contract, whti-h shall include this Specification. Supplier shall pay for any
alternations nade necessary by lla errors. All work shall be done in accordance with such approved drawings In
compliance with the Intent >>i till a Specification. Calling Supplier's attention to certain errors does not place
responsibility upon PG4E Cor the correctness of other features not mentioned.
*'° IOTENT OF SPECIFICATION
7.1 This Specification and Hie accompany Ing dr.iwlngs are Intended to cover all the work to be performed,
and unless expressly excluded, all Intor and materials not specified or indicated but which are necessary to com-
plete the vork in A proper, substantial, anil workmanlike manner shall be furnished by Supplier, In consideration
of and as a condition of Ii.iK offering to consider and considering s proposal submitted by Bidder, It is agreed
and understood by Bidder, by submitting n hid, that If Bidder's proposed specification, drawings or general terms
of sale conflict with this Spec! f i c it Ion, tills Specification shall govern and such conflicting portions of Bid-
der's proposal shsll not heroine a part of the contract. In addition to Bidder's base proposal, which shall comply
with this Specification, Bidder may submit an alternate propoasl resulting In cost saving to PC4E. The base pro-
posal shell b« labeled "Base Proposal", and any alternate proposal shall be designated "Alternate Proposal". In
such alternate proposal or proposals, any and all exceptions to this Specification must be stated ot listed as
exceptions In writing in the alternate proposal or proposals In a separate paragraph entitled "Exceptions", snd
It Is agreed and understood that in all other particulars this Specification shall govern.
8.0 IMFK1HCEMEXT PROTECTION
8.1 All royalties or other charges for any patent, trademark, or copyright to be used In the work shall be
considered aa Included In thr contract price. Supplier shall Indemnify and save harmless PG4E against any and all
Judgment*, costs, damages, and expenses which may be awarded against PO&E in any auit, action, or proceeding
brought against P(>&£ fnr infringement or alleged Infrlngument of any patent, trademark, or copyright by a court *>t'
competent Jurisdiction, arising nut of the use by PC&E of the equipment and/or material furnished hereunder In the
ordinary course of their IMG for the purposes hereunder Intended. If Hny suit or Suits for infringement of any
patent, trademark, or copyright he Instituted against I'CiE ns above specified on account of the use of said equlp-
si*nt and/or natarlal furnished hereunder, and If promptly notified, Supplier ahall assume the defense of tuch lull
or aults and all expenses Incident to the defense thereof; but it is expressly understood that In assuming the
defense of such suit or suits Supplier shsll huve control of same, and PG&E shall be kept fully Informed as to Hie
progress thereof snd have the right to confer suuut and glv<; advice .ind assistance regsrdlng sane.
9.0 MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP
9.1 MeterJ^sJs: All -»atrrluls med shall be suitable for the work, the b*st of their respective klnrf«, am>
•hall be • ubj'Vrt to the aprrovnl of Engineer. Articles or materials may be substituted for those specified only
with th* consent of tnglnrcr. The nrthodfi used bv Supplier shall be such as will produce satisfactory work, and
In accordance with the best trade prjctlce.
9.Z S_t_cndarj3^: i.'nlc--. spec-Hied otheivhiu, equipment and/or material furnished horeurtdi't shall be con-
structed and'Testeif In dor or dunce wl tli tlic latest nil r Ion of applicable NEMA, IEEE, ANSI, ASME, AISC, AISI, A'.:-.
TMEHA, end AS CM standards.
I
l.SJ-2 UC-.! K-J-.'l
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FROM-PG&E
C«n«iil Condition
i»d and mil lie tent rc.isnn, to su.sponJ or terminate the work being performed pureuant to (nU
SptclfIfatton, PC&K muy uo an by written notlrc. .Supplier thereupon shall take, whatever action with respect to
work tn process aa will tend to minimize leu claim against PC4E. PC4L will pay Supplier a reasonable suspension
or termination charge, excluding any^allowance for anticipated profits on the unperformed portion of the work.
Supplier »htll, to the extent practicable. Include tn subcontracts made pursuant to Chls contract * termination
provision substantially itmllar Co the foregoing provision.
11.0 mriCTIQjIS AjjD TESTS
11.1 Shop Teats: Shop tests as specified shall be performed by Supplier and It shall furnish all facilities
necaaaary for tha performance of these tests.
11.2 Access to Shof and Teats: For the purpose of witnessing tests, making Inspections, and preparing prog-
roas reports, FCtE'i inspector shall be notified veil In advance of the starting of the work and h« shall b« given
full accent co the shop »t sll times during working hours during the period of manufacture, aa veil ** full access
Co ill shop teats performed by Supplier. On request, Supplier shall provide PGiE'l Inspector with a Hit of prin-
cipal production taats and Inspection points. Supplier shall provide reasonable advance notice of Che tine of
those Ctsca and Inspections which PG&£'» Inspector Indicates he Intends to witness. If certain teacs are •paci-
fied to be wlCneaacJ by FC.lE's Inspector, it shull not be construed to Unit access to other shop tests. PCiE's
Inspector thall have »ccf«« tn all test and Inspection records pertinent to this contract. Supplier shall require
Subcontractor* and suppliers performing work pursuant to Chls concrsct to conform to the requirements of this
Paragraph.
11.1 Material To»t«: Should material tun In he required by Engineer, Supplier will be advised In aaple ll*>e
so that Csat specimens c*n u« provided during the ah op manufacture. Unless otherwise provided, such tests shall
bt mad* in accordance with requirements of the applicable ASTK standards.
11.4 Certified Teat Reports: Supplier shall furnish to Engineer certified copies of all test reports. The
number of copies requTr*d~shal"l be as specified In the Specific Conditions hereof. These test reports. In sddl-
Item to being certified, shall be approved by PD&E's Inspector in the vicinity before being sent to Engineer.
11.} Flald Tsets: Field tests shall be made at the expense of PG&E except Chst Che expanse of Supplier's
representative, If any, shall be borne by Supplier. If for any reason whatsoever the equipment end/or naterlal
dosi not neet tha guarantees agreed upon In any respect and it Is necessary for Supplier to tuke alterations for
the purpose of nesting these guarantees, additional tests required to shew the effect* of such alterations shsll
be performed by Supplier st Its own expense.
11.6 locution of rs»E'a Inspector! The location of the headquarters of PG&E's inspector rasy be obtained
from PGlC's Department of Engineering Services, Inspection Section, 77 Beale Street, Snn franclsco, CA 94106.
11,7 Inspections and Tests Not Deemed Waiver! The witnessing of such tests and the receipt of reports of
Such tests by Engineer, and Supplier s compliance with ill provisions of this section concerning Inspections and
csst* shsll not constitute a waiver by PC4E of any warranty concerning the equipment and/or material, nor relieve
Supplier of any warranty concerning said equipment and/or material.
12,0 SHtMEKT
12.1 Carload Shipment?; Thirty (10) days prior to shipment, routings on csrload shipments, together with «n
outlined sketch show"ln(j'Vhip'plng dimensions «nii welRhts, shall be forwarded for approval to PCSt's Traffic Bureau,
77 Basle Street, -San rrnnrlicn, CA 94106. Supplier xlutll be responsible for nsourlng thnt equipment snd/or m«te-
risl is properly prepared f«r nhlpmcnt and ]<»niier, and plant name,
1
11.97:2 GC-J «-l-/l
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•"« SAMPLE ONLY, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL CenetM
USE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
FROM PG&E
1* i" PAYMENTS
15.1 Approval of Payment*: Pnvmenta will be node only upon the approval of PG&E «nd In accordance with the
earn* of tho tgrcenont.
15.i Invoices: Supplier nhsll render nil Invoices In quadruplicate for payment when due. Invoice/I shall be
mulled to: Pacific <".«•> and Flectrlc Company, Post Office Box 7760, San Francisco. CA 9*119. Invoices nhall Indi-
cate dallvery charges, uupcrvlslon of Inatallaclon charges, If any, and excise taxea as single separate item*
•part from the cost fob vessel, car, or other vehicle, point of shipment. PG&E'* specification nuober, puichaae
order nunber, and plant tutinc shnl) appear on all Invoices.
15.3 Supplier's. R»Hponalblllty; Full payment by PG&E shall not release Supplier of Its renponalbllty to
fully carry out tte contract obligations.
I1)." Release; The fu.n-pt.ince by Supplier of final payment made under the terms hereof shall operate a> and
be a release of PG&E and every ufflce and agent thereof, of and from nil claims of Supplier for any and all things
done or omitted by or on behalf of PC&E In connection with, relating to, or growing out of this contract for tn«
work done hereunder.
16.0 KETHOD Of PAYMENT
16.1 Preferred Method; Payments on the purchase price shall be made as follows:
16.11 Ninety-five percent (952) of the component price thirty (30) days after invoice date and receipt
of supporting bill of lading evidencing ohlpmcnt, provided the equipment and/or material le received at work
site and no apparent defects or damage Is observed. The Invoice date shall be the date of delivery to the
carrier.
16.12 Five percent (5X) thirty (30) days after passing the acceptance tests described In this Speci-
fication. In the event such tests are delayed more than seven (7) cionths after the date of operation set
forth In this Specification and deliveries have not been delayed and the 'equipment does not appear damaged,
defective, or nonconformlng with the contract, the final paynent will then become payable. Unless otherwise
agreed, no payment ahall be deemed to constitute an acceptance of the equipment or any component part thereof
or a release of any responsibility or obligation of Supplier.
26.2 Alternote Method! Bidder ntay present an alternate scheme of payment In addition to Bidder's basic pro-
posal which shall comply with this Specification, but Pf.AE r?->rrvr* th» right to adhrre t? the act hod outlined
above. The basic proposal shall be labeled "Basic Proposal," and any alternate designated "Alternate Proposal."
3.14-1
-90-
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CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW
AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT, made and entered into this
day of M)JLUAjb\^ , 1975, by and between PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC
COMPANY, a California corporation (hereinafter called "Pacific"),
and the CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW, a municipal corporation (hereinafter
called "City"):
WITNESSETH;
WHEREAS, City owns and operates a landfill refuse disposal
site (hereinafter called "site") as referred to in Exhibit A which
produces as a by-product of the natural refuse decomposition process
certain amounts of gas containing methane (hereinafter referred to
as "raw gas"); and
WHEREAS, Pacific has represented to City that this raw
gas is of substantially lower heating value than natural gas
purchased from other sources and distributed by Pacific, and such
raw gas contains water vapor, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and
possibly sulfur compounds, in excess of Pacific's usual maximum
limitations of such dilutents; and
WHEREAS, Pacific has represented to City that it is
possible to construct and operate a facility to process and treat
this raw gas (hereinafter, when so processed and treated, referred
to as "processed gas") in order to improve its quality; and
WHEREAS, City, under a grant from the Environmental
Protection Agency, is currently investigating among other things
the optimum raw gas withdrawal rate from the site and the effect
of moisture on raw gas production; and
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WHEREAS, City has applied to the Environmental Protection
Agency for a grant modification (Grant No. S803396-01-0) in the
amount of $200,000 for the purpose of facilitating a Demonstration
Project for the recovery of one million (1,000,000) standard cubic
feet (MMscf) per day of raw gas from site; and
WHEREAS, this agreement covers the Demonstration
Project, funded jointly by EPA and Pacific, and the Production
Project which will begin at the end of the Demonstration Project;
and
WHEREAS, Pacific is willing to provide sufficient funds
necessary to the Demonstration Project in order to facilitate the
raw gas recovery and to develop the withdrawal and processing
facilities required for its utilization, and
WHEREAS, City is willing and desirous, upon approval of the
City Council, to apply for additional grants, if and when available,
upon successful conclusion of the Demonstration Project for the
purpose of facilitating the recovery of additional raw gas from site,
and
WHEREAS, Pacific is willing and desirous to enter into the
Production Project by expanding the landfill gas recovery effort to
the entire site in a timely fashion upon the successful conclusion of
the Demonstration Project; and
WHEREAS, City desires to sell the raw gas produced from
site to Pacific; and
WHEREAS, Pacific desires to purchase the raw gas produced
from site.
NOW THEREFORE, IT IS AGREED UPON AS FOLLOWS:
1. Effective Date and Term
This agreement shall become effective on the date hereof,
and shall continue in effect until the date raw gas production from
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the site is determined in Pacific's judgment to be technically or
economically non-feasible, or if in City's judgment, processing the
gas is deemed incompatible with the use of the Shoreline Regional
Park by the public. This agreement may be terminated at any time
after twenty (20) years after the end of the Demonstration Project
provided that either party hereto has tendered written notice of
termination at least one (1) year preceding date of such termination.
In the event notice of termination is given pursuant to this
paragraph of this agreement prior to the expiration of the 20 year
period, Pacific shall pay to City or City shall pay to Pacific, as
the case may be, within 90 days after receipt of an invoice therefor,
any unamortized expenditures accrued to the date of termination by
the party receiving notice of termination. Such expenditures shall be
amortized over a ten year period subject to California Public Utilities
Commission approval.
2. Obligation to Purchase and Sell
A. Pacific shall have the exclusive right to
purchase and process all raw gas from said site.
B. Pacific shall purchase and City shall sell
all raw gas produced from site that meets the
conditions set forth in this agreement.
C. Pacific shall not be required to take raw gas
hereunder at rates of flow or with a composition
which will result in damage to its facilities or
in utilization or operational problems in the area
where such raw gas so processed is marketed.
3. Price
A. Pacific shall pay to City on a monthly basis/
subject to (B.) below for all raw gas received monthly,
an initial unit price equal to seven and two-tenth
cents ($.072) per thousand (1,000) standard cubic
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feet (Mscf). This unit price shall be recalculated
and revised eighteen (18) months from the date of the
initiation of the Production Project and each twelve
(12) months thereafter in conformance with the following
formula:
PR = $.072/Mscf
(0.25)/WPIr + HEr]+ (0.50)
' ~ ~ j
WPIR HER/ I RR'
D O
= Revised price of raw gas rounded to the
nearest one-tenth of one cent.
= The most recent value, as published by the
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS), of the Wholesale Price Index
for Industrial Commodities (1967 = 100) as of the
date of revision.
WPIB = The value of the Wholesale Price Index for
Industrial Commodities (1967 - 100) as published
by the BLS twelve (12) months from the month of
the signing of this agreement.
HEC = The most recent value, as published by the State
of California, Employment Development Department,
of the Average Hourly Earning for Electric, Gas
and Sanitary Services in effect at the date of
revision.
HEg = The value of the Average Hourly Earning for
Electric Gas and Sanitary Services as published
by the State of California, Employment Develop-
ment Department twelve (12) months from the date
of the signing of this agreement.
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RRC = The rate in effect for the first 100 therms
sold to customers on PGandE General Natural Gas
Service Schedule No. G-2, or its revised equiva-
lent, for residential customers in the Peninsula/
San Jose rate area at the date of revision.
RR_ = The rate in effect for the first 100 therms sold
to customers on PGandE General Natural Gas Service
Schedule G-2, or its equivalent, for residential
customers in the Peninsula/San Jose rate area
twelve (12) months from the date of the signing
of this agreement.
B. Payment by Pacific, pursuant to A. above, shall not
begin until after a 12-month demonstration phase operation
of the treatment facilities. The demonstration phase
shall begin upon the completion of the planned Demonstration
Project facilities and the injection of processed gas into
Pacific's natural gas system. If upon the completion of
the 12-month demonstration phase both parties agree that
the concept of landfill gas recovery and utilization has
not yet been sufficiently demonstrated to warrant expansion
of the Demonstration Project into the Production Project,
yet that the concept is nevertheless potentially viable,
the parties may agree that the Demonstration Project shall
continue for an additional 12-month period or some part
thereof. Payments for the raw gas shall not begin until
after the expiration of the agreed upon extension of the
demonstration phase.
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4. Facilities
A. Demonstration Project;
1) Pacific shall be responsible for the location,
design, engineering, and construction of the gas wells,
the raw gas collection net-work, the treatment equipment,
and the processed gas pipeline and associated facilities
within the area shown in Exhibit "B". If a raw gas flow
of one million (1,000,000) standard cubic feet (MMscf)
per day cannot be obtained from the initially designated
area, then City and Pacific shall mutually agree upon
installation of additional wells and/or the designation
of more landfill area to allow production of said volume
of raw gas. All of the foregoing shall be subject to
City's rights pursuant to paragraph 4.C.3, infra.
2) City shall exercise due diligence in administering
the EPA Grant and in endeavoring to secure all necessary
permits, priorities, rights-of-way and approvals of
governmental bodies having jurisdiction over
the Project for the operation herein contemplated, but
City shall not be required to accept or comply with
any unreasonable condition to such permit, priority,
or rights-of-ways. City shall pay the cost of
obtaining and satisfying the requirements of
all necessary permits, priorities, rights-of-way,
and approvals of governmental bodies having jurisdiction
over the project.
3) Pacific shall proceed in good faith and with
reasonable diligence with the design, engineering,
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acquisition and construction of the facilities
necessary to implement the Demonstration Project.
4) In no event shall the City's cost liability
under any provision of this agreement, except for
any termination payment, exceed the lesser of the
amount of federal funding received by the City for
the Demonstration Project, or $200,000. Pacific's
cost liability is limited to the amount set forth
in Pacific's GM No. 184,662 but not to exceed $416,688.
5) City shall administer the disbursal of SPA funding
as required by the EPA and Pacific shall furnish City
appropriate material substantiating expenditures of
non-EPA funding. Pacific may consult with City in
advance of costs being incurred, regarding all
expenditure proposals for EPA Grant funds. City
shall use its best efforts to minimize the administrative
costs associated with the EPA Grant. Nothing in this
agreement shall be construed to prevent City from
making expenditures in Pacific's areas of responsibility.
B. Production Project;
1) Pacific shall have the exclusive right to expand
the landfill gas recovery project to those areas shown
on Exhibit "A". Pacific shall exercise due diligence
to implement such expansion upon approval of such
additional areas by City. Such expansion shall be
pursuant to the terms and conditions contained herein.
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2) City shall exercise due diligence in endeavoring
to secure all necessary permits, priorities, rights-of-
way and approvals of governmental bodies having
jurisdiction over the project for the operation
herein contemplated, but City shall not be required to
accept or comply with any unreasonable condition to such
permit, priority, or rights-of-ways. Pacific shall pay
the cost of obtaining and satisfying the requirements of
all necessary permits, priorities, rights-of-way, and
approvals of governmental bodies having jurisdiction
over the project, including payment of City's admin-
istration costs as reported to and found reasonable by
Pacific.
3} Pacific shall have the right of prior review
and approval of and shall reimburse City for all
costs City may incur in the Production Project.
4) Pacific shall administer and be responsible for
all costs incurred in the Production Project.
C. Both Projects;
1) Pacific shall secure all materials needed for
installing and maintaining facilities required for
Pacific's performance herevmder, and following
receipt of said in form and substance satisfactory
to Pacific, Pacific shall proceed with due diligence
to install such facilities.
2) Pacific shall be responsible for the maintenance
and operation of the facilities and shall pay for
such costs of maintenance and operation incurred
therefore.
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3) Facilities shall be located in a manner that
maximizes the economical recovery and utilization of
raw gas within the selected area, and minimizes the
potential impact upon subsequent landfill operations
and the development of the Shoreline Regional Park.
City may review and approve the location, planning,
design, engineering, safety, construction and operation
of the facilities in order to assure compatibility with
construction and use of Shoreline Regional Park.
City shall have the right to inspect and approve
the installation of all the aforementioned facilities
to assure such compatibility.
4) The parties agree that when it becomes necessary
to expand the capacity of the facilities or to improve
or provide a higher degree of treatment of the raw
gas, Pacific shall cause to have prepared the
necessary engineering studies and to make the
necessary acquisitions and improvements.
5) The City shall act as the "Grant Administrator"
for the purpose of compliance with EPA requirements.
6) The Demonstration Project shall not be required
to obtain a conditional use permit from City but
such a permit shall be required for the Production
Project. The location, design engineering,
construction and operation of the facilities shall
adhere to the requirements of the City Code and all
other applicable laws and regulations and shall not
materially affect the aesthetics or use of the
Shoreline Regional Park.
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7) Nothing in this agreement shall be construed to
prevent Pacific from having full right to accept all gas
developed in the Demonstration and Production Projects
if additional landfill gas development is technically or
economically non-feasible, provided Pacific pays City
for all such gas at the rate provided in Paragraph 3.
5. Performance
A. Pacific shall operate and maintain the raw
gas collection and processing facilities required for
the Projects described herein.
B. Each party shall use its best efforts to deliver
raw gas in conformance with the provisions of Paragraphs
2.1 and 2.2 of Section 2 of the General Conditions
appended hereto.
C. The requirements of California Public Utilities
Commission General Order 112-C shall be applicable
(where required) to the Projects herein.
D. In order to maintain gas recovery and to assure
the health and safety of the public, City, at its
own expense, shall comply with its current sanitary
landfill practice, including maintenance of seals.
City shall take no action to damage the gas reserves,
except where reasonably necessary for development or
use of the site. Except in the case of an emergency,
City shall notify Pacific prior to taking action to
break the seal of any garbage cell. In cases of
emergency, notice shall be given to Pacific as soon
as possible. Pacific shall have the right to suspend
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raw gas receipt and payment therefor if the raw
gas, prior to treatment, fails to conform to the
quality standards set forth in Paragraph 2.2 of
Section 2 of the General Conditions appended hereto.
E. Pacific may maintain suspension of raw gas
receipt until the aforesaid quality standards are
restored.
F. In the event that landfill gas recovery and
utilitization becomes technically or economically
non-feasible in Pacific's judgment, and Pacific
elects to terminate this agreement, Pacific
shall pay City all amounts due and owing up to
and including the date of termination of this
agreement, and Pacific shall have the right to
salvage facilities installed in conjunction with this
agreement, except that City may retain the underground
plastic piping system for the sole purpose of venting
the gas for safety purposes.
6. Notices
Any notice to be given hereunder by either Pacific
or City to the other shall be respectively addressed as follows:
to Pacific: Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Attention: Manager, Gas Resources Dept.
245 Market Street, Room 1344
San Francisco, California 94106
to City: City Manager
City of Mountain View
P.O. Box 10
Mountain View, California 94042
7. General Conditions
The documents entitled "General Conditions" attached
hereto and containing eleven sections is hereby incorporated in and
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made a part hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has caused this
agreement to be executed as of the day and year above written.
PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY
ATTEST:
Secretary
ATTEST:
APPROVAL AS TO FORM
ftl&4&/
City Attorney
APPROVAL AS TO CONTENT
Director of Public W/rks
APPROVAL AS TO FOR!!
Attorney,Pacific Gas and
Electric Company
By:
Vice /President - Gas Supply
CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW
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GENERAL CONDITIONS
Section 1. MEASUREMENT OF GAS
(1.1) For the purpose of this agreement one standard cubic
foot of gas (scF) shall be that quantity of gas containable in a volume
of one cubic foot at a pressure of 14.73 pounds per square inch absolute
at a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit, one thousand (1,000) cubic feet
of gas is referred to as a "MscF", and one million (1,000,000) cubic
feet-of gas is referred to as a "MMscF".
(1.2) Raw gas rate at the inlet of Pacific's facilities
shall be measured in cubic feet in accordance with the provisions of
the American Gas Association Measurement Committee Report Number Three
or any subsequent revision thereof acceptable to the parties hereto.
(1.3) Pacific shall, at its own cost and expense, install
and maintain a suitable meter as generally adopted and used in the
Natural Gas industry at the inlet of its treating facility for the
purpose of measuring the gas delivered hereunder.
(1.4) City shall have access to said meter at any
reasonable time, and shall be allowed to inspect and check or test
same, and also all gauges, charts and records of measurement, at
such time as it may desire. City shall give Pacific an opportunity
to have a representative present when any check or test is made, and
if an inaccuracy is discovered, then the amount of gas which shall
have been delivered shall be recalculated and corrected where the
magnitude of the inaccuracy can be determined, for any period
definitely known or agreed upon, or if the duration of the inaccuracy
in measurement is not so known or agreed upon, such dispute may be
arbitrated as set forth in Section 5 infra.
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Section 2. CONDITIONS OF DELIVERY
(2.1) Pacific need not accept raw gas atvso low a
rate of flow that, in Pacific's judgment, such rate might be
detrimental to the proper operation of its facilities. In the
event Pacific is not able to take raw gas due to temporary shutdown
of its facilities or difficulties that may be experienced at times
of low load in its marketing area, extraction of raw gas shall be
stopped.
(2.2) Raw gas received hereunder by Pacific shall be
as free of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide
as City and Pacific can keep it through the exercise of all reasonable
precautions within their respective areas of responsibility and shall
not in any event contain more of these impurities than Pacific can
reasonably accept, as determined during the Demonstration Project.
Section 3. PAYMENT
On or before the 12th day of each calendar month during
the term hereof Pacific will render a written statement to
City showing the quantity of gas delivered hereunder during the
last preceding calendar month. Said statement, unless objected
to by either Pacific or City within 15 days after being rendered,
shall be accepted by all parties hereto as a correct statement
of the gas delivered during such calendar month. City shall
render an invoice therefor as soon as practicable after receipt of
Pacific's statement. Payment shall be made by Pacific to City
at City's office on or before the 25th day of each month, or the
15th day after receipt of such City's invoice, whichever shall
occur later.
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Section 4. FORCE MAJEURE
If either party to this agreement shall fail to perform
any obligation hereby imposed upon it, and such failure shall be
caused, or materially contributed to, by act of God; a public enemy;
strikes; lockouts; riots; rebellions; injunctions or interference
through legal proceedings, Municipal, State or Federal laws or regu-
lations; the failure to obtain necessary governmental permits and
approvals; the requisitions or necessity of any governmental or
acting authority; breakage, vandalism or accident to machinery,
equipment, or lines of pipe; washouts; earthquakes; storms; freezing
of lines; or any cause or causes of whatsoever nature (whether like
or unlike those herein enumerated) not due to the fault or neglect
of any such party and beyond its reasonable control, or shall be
occasioned by the necessity for making repairs to or reconditioning
machinery, equipment or lines of pipe not resulting from the fault
or neglect of such party, such failure shall not be deemed to be
a violation of the obligations of such party hereunder. Breakage
of the top clay seal cover by root growth shall be considered an
act of God. Such party shall, however, use reasonable diligence
to put itself again in a position to carry out its obligations
hereunder, and in the event such party does not or cannot within
a reasonable time put itself again in a position so to do, the
other party may, at its option terminate this agreement by
written notice. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to
require either party to settle a strike or lockout by acceding
against its judgment to the demands of opposing parties.
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Section 5. ARBITRATION
In addition to those disputes which are required to be
arbitrated under the provisions hereof, any other dispute arising
between City and Pacific under any provision hereof which cannot
be settled by the parties within a reasonable time may be submitted
by either party to arbitration. All disputes to be arbitrated shall
be submitted to and decided by a board of three arbitrators, one to
be appointed by City, one by Pacific, each of which may be an employee,
and a third by the two so appointed. If either party shall fail or
refuse to appoint an arbitrator within 30 days after written notice
has been given to it by the other party naming the latter's arbitrator,
the party giving such notice shall have the right to request the
Presiding Judge of the Superior Court of the State of California in
and for the County of Santa Clara to appoint an arbitrator for the
other party so in default. If the two arbitrators thus chosen are
unable to agree upon the third arbitrator, such arbitrator shall be
appointed, upon application of either party, by the Presiding Judge
of the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the
County of Santa Clara. The decision of a majority of the board
of arbitrators after a hearing at which both parties shall have
the opportunity to be heard and to introduce evidence, shall be
binding upon the parties hereto. The cost of the arbitrator
appointed by City shall be paid by City; the cost of the arbitrator
appointed by Pacific shall be paid by Pacific; and the cost of
the third arbitrator shall be borne equally by City and by Pacific.
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Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Section, any
arbitration shall be subject to the provisions of Title 9 of Part 3
of the Code of Civil Procedure of the State of California.
Any controversy which can be determined by an engineer's
or other expert's findings and which under this paragraph could be
submitted to arbitration may, if the parties thereto elect to do so,
be submitted to a mutually agreed upon engineer or expert who shall
be the sole arbitrator. Any such engineer shall be a duly licensed
professional engineer of the State of California. Such engineer or
expert shall be disinterested as hereinbefore in this paragraph
required of arbitrators on an arbitration board. He shall proceed
in the same manner and shall make findings, conclusions, and an award
in the manner provided herein for an arbitration board. The decision
of such expert shall be binding upon the parties. The cost of the
expert shall be borne equally by City and Pacific.
Section 6. PACIFIC'S USE OF CITY'S LANDS
Insofar as it has the authority so to do, City hereby
grants Pacific, throughout the life of this agreement and without
charge, permission to use and occupy site for Pacific's treatment
plant, measuring stations, pipelines, and other facilities used for
the performance hereof, subject to the terms of this agreement.
Pacific shall remain the owner of any such facilities installed
upon site. Pacific shall remove all above ground facilities
with reasonable diligence after the termination of this agreement.
Pacific shall restore the ground to substantially its original
condition and replace any landscaping promptly after the removal of
any such facilities.
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Section 7. TAXES
Pacific shall pay all taxes before delinquency on all
pipelines and equipment owned by it on site.
Section 8. CITY'S REPRESENTATIONS AND TITLE
(8.1) City represents that its raw gas to be produced
from site and its right to deliver said gas are free and clear of
encumbrances or other obligations. City hereby guarantees its title
to all raw gas delivered hereunder.
City shall indemnify and hold Pacific harmless
from all loss, damage, or liability which Pacific may sustain by
reason of breach or failure of any of the representations or guarantees
above set forth, but City's liability hereunder shall not exceed
payment of the amount necessary to reimburse Pacific for its capital
costs, less revenues derived by Pacific from the Projects.
(8.2) Title to all gas delivered to Pacific shall pass
at the point of delivery of such gas into the facilities of Pacific,
and risk shall follow title.
Section 9. ASSIGNtTENT
This agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of
the successors and assigns of the respective parties hereto. Neither
Pacific nor City shall assign this agreement or any interest therein
without first obtaining the written consent of the other. No assign-
ment shall be effective until the assignee shall in writing agree to
assume and fully perform the terms of this agreement, whereupon the
assignor shall be released from further liability.
Section 10. INDEMNITY
City and Pacific, respectively, as indemnitor, will
indemnify the other as indemnitee and save it harmless from any and
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all loss, damage, expense and liability resulting from injuries to
or death of persons, including but not limited to employees of
either party hereto, and damage to or destruction- of property, in-
cluding but not limited to the property of either party hereto,
arising out of, or in any way connected with, the performance of
this agreement, or any operations hereunder, by indemnitor, its
agents, or employees, excepting only such injury, death, damage,
or destruction as may be caused by the sole negligence or willful
misconduct of the indemnitee, its agent, or employees. Indemnitee
shall, upon indemnitor's request, defend any suit asserting a claim
covered by this indemnity and indemnitor shall pay all costs that
may be incurred by indemnitee in enforcing this indemnity, including
reasonable attorney's fees.
Section 11. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
(11.1) The books, records, and accounts of the parties
hereto relating to the subject matter of this agreement shall be
open at all reasonable times for the inspection and copying by the
other party.
(11.2) No waiver by either party of any failure or
failures on the part of the other to perform any of the terms or
conditions of this agreement shall ever be construed as a waiver
of any future or continuing failure or failures whether similar
or dissimilar thereto.
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CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW
Parcel 1
Exhibit A
All that certain real property situate in the city of Mountain
View, county of Santa Clara, state of California, being more
particularly described as follows:
COMMENCING at a 3/4" iron pipe at the intersection of Stierlin
Road and Argenta Avenue, as said 3/4" iron pipe, intersection,
Road, and Avenue are shown on that certain map entitled,
"RECORD OF SURVEY OF LANDS OF CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW IN RANCHO
RINCON DE SAN FRANCISQUITO AND IN SECTION 9, TOWNSHIP 6 SOUTH,
RANGE 2 WEST, M.D.B.SM. , SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA," filed
for record on August 6, 1959 in Book 110 of'Maps at Page 18,
Santa Clara County Records; thence from said Point of Commencement
northerly along the centerline of said Stierlin Road N 01° 09' 51"
E 716.90 feet to a point thereon; thence leaving said centerline
N 88° 55' 09" W. 25.00 feet to the TRUE POINT OF BEGINNING of the
Parcel to be described herein; thence from said TRUE POINT OF
BEGINNING the following courses: N 88° 54' 19" W 2,560.26 feet,
S 08° 23' 52" W 179.50 feet, S 81° 36' 28" E 15.00 feet, S 08°
23' 32" W 221.07 feet, tangent to the preceding course along
the arc of a. curve to the left having a radius of 559.97 feet
and a central angle of 09° 48' 03", an arc length of 95.79 feet,
tangent to the preceding curve S 01° 24' 31" E 193.38 feet, N
88° 35' 21" E 5.00 feet, S 01° 24' 31" E 220.80 feet, S OS6 07'
46" W 469.91 feet, N 88° 16' 51" W 315.00 feet, N 88° 16' 51"
W 693.88 feet, tangent to the preceding course along the arc of
a curve to the right having a radius of 1,449.92 feet and a central
angle of 92° 42' 58", an arc length of 2,346.26 feet, tangent to
the preceding curve N 04° 26' 07" E 50.10 feet, N 04° 26' 07" E
99.95 feet, N 04° 26' 07" E 956.04 feet, tangent to the preceding
course along the arc of a curve to the left having a radius of
449.97 feet and a central angle of 87° 30' 56", an arc length of
687.30 feet, tangent to the preceding curve N 83° 04' 49" W 9.10
feet, N 06° 55' 11" E 90.00 feet, N 83° 04' 49" W 1,028.94 feet,
N 06° 55' 11" E 563.55 feet, N 44° 34' 49" W 55.17 feet, N 70°
24' 11" E 177.99 feet, N 05° 11' 11" E 119.54 feet, N 57° 25' 11"
E 160.75 feet, S 63° 54' 49" E 924.95 feet, N 50° 07' 26" E
185.58 feet, N 59° 25' 53" E 68.57 feet, N 71° 40' 01" E 71.07
feet, N 79° 45' 41" E 144.61 feet, N 86° 46' 56" E 247.82 feet,
N 89° 58' 49" E 299.98 feet, S 84° 28' 03" E 501.28 feet,
S 84° 28' 03" E 1,425.87 feet, S 89° 09' 01" E 133.44 feet, S 69°
35' 59" E 438.64 feet, S 89° 25' 09" E 97.73 feet, N 83° 31' 44"
E 1,201.43 feet, N 84° 21' 21" E 277.01 feet, N 83° 31' 44" E
1,533.91 feet N 85° 10' 03" E 381.66 feet, S 72° 35' 43" E 1,151.62
feet. S 03° 35' 16" E 67.08 feet, N 86° 24' 44" E 15.00 feet,
S 03° 35' 16" E 445.82 feet, tangent to the preceding course along
the arc of a curve to the right having a radius of 824.95 feet and
a central angle of 11° 25' 00", an arc length of 164.38 feet.
tangent to preceding curve S 07° 49' 14" W 586.41 feet, S 82° 10-'
16" E 55.00 feet, S 07° 49' 44" W 692.15 feet, S 82° 10' 16" E
15.00 feet, S 07° 49' 44" W 66.48 feet, tangent to the preceding
course along the arc of a curve to the right having a radius of
894.95 feet and a central angle of 04° 45' 11", an arc length of
73.73 feet, tangent to the preceding curve S 12° 32' 55" W 445.36
feet. N 500 £0' 09" W 189.12 feet, S 80° 52' 01" W 307.07 feet,
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N 38° 55' 09" W 2,103.11 feet, and N 88° 55' 09" W 50.00 feet
to the TRUE POINT OF BEGINNING and containing 550.407 acres
of land, more or less..
112
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