LAKE MICHIGAN STUDIES
Special Report Number IM 2
SAMPLING SURVEYS
April, 1963
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control
Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION 1
SURVEY SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES 2
DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLING STATIONS 3
SAMPLING PROCEDURES 4
DESCRIPTION OF FIELD APPARATUS 6
TABLES
FIGURES 1 THROUGH 7 - LOCATION OF SAMPLING STATIONS
FIGURES 8 AND 9 - PHOTOGRAPHS OF FIELD APPARATUS
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INTRODUCTION
This report is one of a series covering water quality surveys
conducted in Lake Michigan in 1962 by the Great Lakes-Illinois River
Basins Project. It presents information on sampling-point locations,
summarizes field procedures, and describes apparatus used in carrying
out the surveys. Subsequent reports of the series will give details
concerning the physical, chemical, biological, microbiological, and
radiochemical investigations; will present the findings with respect
to each of these aspects of lake water quality; and will draw con-
clusions regarding the significance of the findings to the problem of
preserving lake water quality in the light of existing and potential
contaminating influences.
Sampling operations in lake Michigan began on April 24, 1962
and eight cruises were completed by December 6, 1962. A total of 358
stations were sampled during this period. Return trips were made to
some stations (see Table 4) and the total number of station stops or
calls was 474.
Three vessels were used during these cruises: the M/V (Motor
Vessel) Cisco and M/V Kaho which are owned and operated by the U. S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and the R/V (Research Vessel) Maurice
Fitzgerald which is owned and operated by an oceanographic research
company, The Geraldines Ltd. of Annapolis, Maryland.
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SURVEY SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES
Scope
This Lake Michigan Sampling Survey covered the entire Lake and
three harbors: Chicago, Milwaukee, and Racine (see Table l).
In sampling the Lake, three principal areas of study were
selected:
1. The deep-water main body of the Lake.
2. The inshore area (waters adjacent to the shoreline).
3. The waters in and adjacent to principal harbors and
tributaries.
At every station, sampling was performed in each zone of the
thermal regime and at depths that, in total, represent the vertical
profile at that station (see Table 2).
A list of all stations sampled during the period April 24 to
December 6, 1962, with types of stations and stops made on each cruise,
is presented in Table 4.
Objectives
The primary objective of the Sampling Survey was to obtain
scientific and factual data useful in developing information for the
complete Lake Michigan Studies.
Seme analyses were performed immediately on shipboard; for
others, samples were prepared and preserved for more complete analysis
at the Project headquarters laboratory (see Table 3)•
In addition to sampling and analysis at each station, as many
as ten measurements and observations were performed and recorded for
study. (See SAMPLING PROCEDURES).
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DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLING STATIONS
Extended RanRe Stations (Figures 1, 2, 3, and 1+)
These stations extend throughout the deep-water main body of the
Lake and were chosen to coincide with the stations to be used for lake
current measurements * Because of special interest and the possibility
of greater varibility of water quality in the Southern Basin, extra
stations were inserted between the proposed current meter locations.
Inshore Stations (Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4)
Inshore stations, also referred to as "along shore" or "shore-
line," were located along lines parallel to the shore and respectively
one, four, seven, and ten miles out, to provide intensive coverage
between shallow waters and deeper regions of the Lake. The density of
these stations decreased with distance from shore, e.g., there were
fewer ten mile stations than seven mile stations, more four mile
stations than seven mile stations, with the greatest number of stations
at one mile. Most of the inshore stations were located in the southern
half of the Lake, where concentrations of population and industry were
greatest, with only scattered stations in other regions of the Lake.
Statj.ons in Harbor a_nd Tributary Areas (Figures 5j 6, and 7)
Racine and Milwaukee Harbors
Within the breakwall, stations were located at approximately
quarter-mile intervals along lines parallel to the shore. Stations
were placed in increments of one-quarter to one-half mile from shore,
dependinj upon the location of the breakwall. Where necessary, there
was an extension of these stations north and south of the breakwall.
Outside the breakwall, stations were located on radii originat-
ing from the point at which the main channel flowed through the
breakwall, or, in the case of a tributary, on lines radiating from
its mouth. Relative placement of these stations was similar to
stations within the breakwall. Thesa stations extend a maximum of
three miles from shore.
Chicago Harbor
Since the Chicago River normally flows out of, rather than into,
Lake Michigan, only a limited number of stations were established in
this area. These stations were placed on a line extending two miles
north and south of the Chicago River, and extend a maximum of one and
one-half miles from shore.
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SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Initial Steps
The master of the vessel determines when the ship is on station
by conventional navigational procedures. The research vessels are
equipped with radar, radio direction rCinder (RDF), and sextants. As
soon as the ship is on station, a bathythermograph (see DESCRIPTION OF
FIELD APPARATUS) cast is immediately made. The depth of the water is
then determined by the plot on the recording fathometer and checked by
the trace on the BT slide. A marker buoy is then cast overboard to
mark the sampling point; between drops the vessel is run up to this
marker buoy to compensate for drift due to wind and/or current. While
the ship is on station, no activities which would discharge waste
overside are conducted.
Setting the Sampling Line
The ship's sampling line, a winch-operated oceanographic cable,
is rigged with a 15 pound lead weight when line-clamped sampling
devices are being used. When dredging is in progress, this weight is
not used. The first sampling device is placed about 2 meters above
this bottom weight. This weight prevents the sampling gear from
bottoming and serves to keep the line taut, as well as serving as a
stabilizer to prevent the line from whipping. The sampling line is
led over a pulley having a circumference of 1 meter. By reading a
revolution counter on the pulley wheel, the amount of line let out or
retrieved can be determined. This enables sampling personnel to de-
termine where to clamp the sampling devices to maintain the proper
relationship with each other and the depth of the water.
The various types of sampling devices are actuated serially by
messengers which slide down the oceanographic line. Sampling devices
for the collection of water samples at the various depths are serially
tripped. The first device trips a messenger and also releases a mes-
senger which, in turn, triggers the device next below it on the line.
Any number of devices can be triggered, one after another, using these
mechanisms. Generally the oceanographic line is held in contact with
the fingers and as each messenger triggers the next lower sampling
device on the line, a shock is transmitted up the line. When the
number of shocks corresponds to the number of sampling devices on the
line, that particular phase of the sampling is over and the winch is
reversed and the string of sampling devices is retrieved. Each
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5
sampler is removed from the line, in the reverse order to which it went
on, as it is brought up to the sampling platform. These numbered de-
vices are carefully removed and placed in racks according to number.
To collect the multiple samples necessary at a station, several
drops are necessary; between drops the vessel is realigned with the
reference buoy. Drops at a typical station might be in this order:
polyvinyl chloride water bottles of six-liter capacity for chemical
analyses; Nansen bottles with reversing thermometers for chemical
samples and accurate temperature measurement; bacteriological samplers
of the J-Z type; a vertical plankton tow net; and, finally, dredging
for bottom sediments and organisms using a bottom sampling device.
(For further information about sampling devices mentioned, see
DESCRIPTION OF FIELD APPARATUS).
Measurements and Observations
While sampling is in progress, the following measurements and
observations are also made:
A bathythermograph is let down to the bottom from the
other side of the vessel to determine the vertical
temperature profile, as previously described.
A secchi disk is lowered and raised to determine the
limit of visibility. On the first cruise, a hydro-
photometer was also available for light penetration
measurement s.
Air temperature was taken in °F.
Wind speed is measured with an anemometer when available.
Wind direction, cloud cover, sea state, visibility and
general weather conditions are recorded.
Time on Station
The length of time required at each station is determined by the
depth of that particular station and weather conditions. However,
elapsed time seldom exceeds 45 minutes.
Work Performed Between Stations
While the vessel is enroute to the next station, the samples are
removed from the various devices and some portions are analyzed aboard
ship; the remainder are preserved for analysis at the headquarters
laboratory. (See Tables 3-a and 3-b)
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DESCRIPTION OF FIELD APPARATUS
Polyyinyl Chloride Water Bottle
This device is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC); is cylindrical
in shape; and collects a six-liter sample. Both ends of the cylinder
are open when it is cocked, and the ends are sealed water-tight with
contoured rubber cups when actuated. The water is then trapped inside
and represents a sample at the depth of sampler. A hose, pinched shut
during the sampling operation, is used to withdraw the sample follow-
ing retrieval. (See Figure 8)
The PVC sampler was used for the collection of samples for all
chemical analyses and for samples analyzed for chlorophyll density
and plankton algae.
Nansen Bottle
The Nansen bottle (Figure 8) is a reversing bottle fitted with
two plug valves and holding from 1100 to 1250 ml (milliliters) of
water. The two plug valves, one on each end of the brass or bronze
cylinder, are operated synchronously by means of a connecting rod
which is fastened to the clamp that secures the bottle to the sampling
line. When the bottle is lowered, this clamp at the lower end and the
valves are in. an open position. In this open position, the water
passes through the Nansen bottle. The bottle is held in this open
position by a release mechanism which passes around the sampling line.
When the messenger from the surface travels down the line it strikes
the release attached to the Nansen bottle. The bottle falls over and
turns through 180° and shuts the valves, which are then held closed
by a locking device.
Reversing thermometer frames are attached to the Nansen bottle
and reversal of the bottle actuates the reversing thermometer. When
the bottle reverses, it releases another messenger attached to the
clamp. This second messenger closes the next lower bottle, which
releases a third messenger, etc.
Nansen bottles are made from various noncorrosive materials,
usually brass or bronze. They are coated with lacquer, are silver
plated, or may be lined with some plastic material such as teflon.
This lining prevents the metal of the bottle from contaminating the
samples.
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J-Z Type Bacteriological Sampler (Zo-Bell)
This device, developed by Professor Zo-Bell, is composed of a
metal brace which holds a previously sterilized sample container. This
container consists of a 250 ml bottle with a rubber stopper through
which is placed an open glass tube. On the end of this tube, extending
out of the bottle, is a rubber tube that has a sealed glass tube ex-
tending from its other end. When the device is actuated, the sealed
glass tube is broken and the water enters the bottle. The rubber
tubing, which is approximately six inches long, springs away from the
metal brace when the glass tube is broken. This feature is to insure
against any contamination of the sample by the brace. (See Figure 8)
This sampler was used on all cruises expect the first for
collecting samples for bacteriological analyses.
Petersen Dredge
The Petersen dredge is widely used for taking samples from hard
bottoms such as sand, gravel, marl, clay and similar materials. It
weighs from 35 to 70 pounds according to the weights used. The
Petersen dredge is generally constructed of iron and is built so that
its own weight and the leverage exerted by its closing mechanism bites
its way into hard bottoms, deeply enough to secure satisfactory
p. £ii pies.
This dredge incorporates a locking mechanism which is self-
releasing when tension on the line is slackened. This tripping device
consists of a horizontal locking bar which holds the dredge open until
it reaches bottom and the tension is taken off the cable. When
tension is reapplied to the cable, leverage is exerted on the jaws by
in sans of cross bars. This motion tends to both close the jaws and
force them into the bottom being sampled.
The particular size of Petersen dredge used encloses an area of
about 1/10 square meter. Figure 9 shows a sample being emptied from
the dredge into a tub.
Vertical Tow _P.la_nktgn_Net
This device consists of a conical shaped, #20 mesh nylon bolt-
ing cloth net, 1.5 meters in length, 0.5 meters in diameter at the
top, and 0.08 meters diameter at the bottom (see Figure 9). Attached
to the bottom is a small metal bucket with large openings in its
sides filled with the same fine; mesh netting.
When the net is brought up, plankton trapped on the inside
surface are washed down into this bucket using a hose on the outside
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8
of the net to prevent contamination of the sample by plankton contained
in the wash water. The bucket is removed and the plankton are washed
into a sample jar through a stopcock located at its base. (See Figure
9)
Secchi Disk
This is a circular plate 20 centimeters in diameter, the upper
surface of which is divided into four equal quadrants, alternately
painted black and white. It is lowered on a graduated line and its
depths of disappearance and reappearance are averaged and recorded as
the limit of visibility.
Reversing Thermometer
The reversing thermometers are also referred to under other
names, such as deep-sea thermometers and turn-over thermometers.
Various types are made but all operate basically on the same principle,
namely that a 180° reversal of the thermometer is accomplished after a
required period of adjustment. A column of mercury, whose length is
the measure of the temperature at the selected depth, is detached and
delivered to the opposite end of the capillary tube. The length of
this detached mercury column can not be altered by additions or sub-
tractions until the instrument is brought to the surface and turned
back to its original position.
The temperatures were read and recorded to within 1/10 of a
degree centigrade. These thermometers are usually operated in pairs
and one thermometer compared against the other to eliminate structural
and functional errors.
Eat hytheimpgraph
The bathythermograph (BT), also called a thermarine recorder
(Figure 9), is an instrument which records a graph of water tempera-
ture vs depth when lowered or raised through the water. Its thermal
element actuates a stylus which scribes a line on a coated slide
enclosed in the instrument. The slide is positioned, according to
depth, by a pressure-sensing element. The trace scribed on the smoked
or gold-plated slide is read by comparing it with a grid individually
calibrated for each instrument. It is considered normally accurate
within 1/10 of a degree centigrade.
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TABLE 1
VESSELS, DATES AND AREAS SAMPLED
Vessel Inclusive Dates
Cisco April 2U-May 7
Cisco June £-June 18
Cisco July 17-July 30
Cisco Aug. 29-Sept.
Cisco Oct. 10-Oct. 22
Fitzgerald Oct. 18-Nov. 30
Cruise
Number
Area Sampled
Kaho Oct. 2ii-Nov. 7
Kaho Nov. 28-Dec. 6
3
k
5
6
7
8
Entire Lake. 32 extended range
and h along -shore stations.
East side and northern quarter,
including Green Bay. 2U extended
range and 5 along shore stations.
Southern half. 30 extended range
and 1 along shore station.
South central to southwest side*
68 along'-shore and 2 extended
range stations.
Southeast side. 6$ along-shore
stations.
South central to southwest sidec
130 harbor and 6ij along shore
stations and 1 extended range
station. Harbors sampled were
Chicago, Racine and Milwaukee.
Southwest side. 2k along- shore
and 2 extended range stations.
South central. 22 extended
range stations.
Note: A total of U7h station stops were made during this period.
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TABLE 2
SAMPLING DEPTHS
Depth
Harbor &
Tributary
0 Meters (Just
below surface)
"5 Meters
10 » •
20 "
30 "
50 »
70 "
100 "
150 "
Mid-depth X • :
Tjrpe of Station
Along
1 Mi. U Mi.
X
X
X
X
X
X
•••x
shore
7 Mi.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10 Mi.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Extended
Range
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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TABLE U-a
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
Ul 38 00
III 39 00
Ul 39 00
111 la 00
la iii oo
111 lil 00
ill lil 00
ill ill 00
la ii3 oo
la ii3 oo
ill lili 00
ill liii 00
la U5 oo
Ui U5 oo
ill U5 oo
ill ii6 oo
Ul U6 00
ill U6 00
Ul U6 oo
ill U6 oo
ill U6 00
la U6 oo
Ul U7 00
la u? oo
Ul U8 00
Ul U8 00
Ul U8 00
Ul U8 00
Ul U9 oo
Ul U9 30
Ui 5o oo
Ui 5o oo
Ui 51 oo
Ui 5i oo
Ul 5i oo
Longitude
87 17 00
8? 10 00
87 23 00
87 OU 00
87 11 00
87 17 00
87 22 00
87 28 00
86 58 00
87 26 00
87 03 00
87 Hi 00
86 53 00
87 21 00
87 31 00
87 00 00
87 13 00
87 13 00
87 19 00
87 20 00
87 23 00
87 27 00
86 U8 00
86 56 00
86 53 00
87 22 00
87 25 00
87 30 oo
87 3U 00
87 35 00
86 UU 00
87 36 00
8 '6 5U 00
87 32 00
87 36 00
City Type
A-l
A-l
A-l
A-l
A-U
A-U
A-U
A-l
A-l
A-U
A-U
A-7
A-l
A-7
A-l
E
A-10**
E
A-lO^Hf-
E
E
A-U
A-l
A-U
A-U
A-10
A-7
A-U
A-l
Chicago H
A-l
Chicago H
A-7
A-U
Chicago H
Cruise and Number of
i £ 3 U
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 £
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Calls
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
b
1
1
1
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TABLE b-b
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
bl 51 38
111 52 00
bl 52 00
111 52 00
Ul 52 26
la 52 30
la 53 oo
la 53 oo
la 53 oo
la 53 oo
Ul 53 Ob
bl 53 21
bl 53 21
bl 53 26
bl 53 bO
hi 5b 17
Ul 5b 18
bl 55 00
bl 55 oo
bl 55 oo
bl 55 06
bl 56 00
bl 56 00
bl 56 00
lil 56 00
bl 57 00
bl 58 00
bl 58 00
b2 00 00
b2 00 00
b2 00 00
1|2 00 00
b2 00 00
b2 00 00
b2 00 00
Longitude
87 35 25
87 00 00
87 13 00
87 25 00
87 3b 06
87 35 25
86 bO 00
86 b5 00
86 5b 00
87 36 00
87 35 00
87 33 06
87 3b 15
87 36 00
87 35 00
87 3b 11
87 36 39
86 b6 00
87 26 00
87 32 00
87 35 25
86 36 00
87 29 00
87 33 00
87 37 00
87 37 00
86 39 00
86 b7 00
86 35 00
86 36 00
86 38 00
86 bl 00
87 00 00
87 13 00
87 18 00
City
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Type
H
E
E
E
H
H
A-l
A-b
A-10
A-l
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
A-?
A-10
E
H
A-l
A-7
A-b
H
A-l
A-b
A-10
A-l
E
A-b
A-7
E
E
E
Cruise and Number of
1 2 3 b 5
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Calls
2 8
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
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TABLE U-c
Sampling Stations, Cruises j& through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
U2 00 00
U2 oo oo
U2 00 00
1*2 01 00
U2 01 00
k2 03 00
U2 03 00
U2 OU 00
U2 Ok 00
\2 Oli 00
1*2 Oil 00
1|2 05 00
U2 0? 00
U2 07 00
U2 08 00
U2 08 00
U2 08 00
ii2 08 00
U2 08 00
U2 08 00-
1|2 08 00
Ii2 09 00
U2 10 00
1|2 11 00
1|2 12 00
i|2 12 00
1|2 12 00
i|2 12 00
1|2 Hi 00
1|2 15 00
1|2 16 00
1|2 16 00
1|2 16 00
U2 16 00
U2 16 00
Longitude City
87 19 00
8? 25 00
87 3U 00
86 59 00
87 39 00
86 Ui 00
87 29 00
86 32 00
86 36 00
87 32 00
87 36 00
87 UO 00
86 3U 00
87 38 00
86 30 00
86 35 00
86 U7 00
87 00 00
87 13 00
87 25 00
87 U3 00
86 37 00
87 ii3 00
86 26 00
87 36 00
87 38 00
87 Ii3 00
87 1|6 00
86 28 00
86 23 00
86 30 00
86 35 00
86 1|7 00
87 00 00
87 13 00
Type
E
E
A-U
E
A-l
A-10
A-10
A-l
A-U
A-7
A-l|
A-l
A-li
A-l|
A-l
E
E
E
E
E
A-l
A-7
E
A-l
A-10
A-7
A-U
A-l
A-U
A-l
A-7
E
E
E
E
Cruise and Number of Calls
123^2628
1 1
1
1 11
1
1 11
1
1
1
1
1
1 11
1 1
1
1 11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-d
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
U2 16 00
u2 16 00
U2 18 00
U2 18 00
U2 19 00
U2 20 00
U2 21 00
U2 21 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
h2 2U 00
);2 2U 00
U2 25 00
U2 27 00
i>2 28 00
U2 28 00
U2 30 00
U2 30 00
U2 30 00
U2 31 00
h2 32 00
U2 32 00
1*2 33 00
U2 3U 00
U2 35 00
U2 36 00
U2 37 00
U2 37 00
U2 38 00
Longitude City
87 25 00
87 U8 00
86 32 00
8? U2 00
86 20 00
87 U8 00
86 23 00
87 l£ 00
86 19 00
86 20 00
86 26 00
86 35 00
87 00 00
87 25 oo
87 37 00
87 Ii5 00
87 1*0 00
87 hi 00
86 29 00
86 17 00
86 20 00
87 U7 00
86 23 00
86 35 00
87 hh 00
86 16 00
86 27 00
87 U7 00
87 37 00
87 hO 00
86 15 00
87 U8 00
86 18 00
87 h5 00
86 22 00
Type
E
A-l
A-10
A-7
A-l
A-l
A-U
A-U
A-l
E
A-7
E
E
E
A-10
E
A-7
A-l
A-10
A-l
A-U
A-l
A-7
E
A-li
A-l
A-10
A-l
A-10
A-7
A-l
A-l
A-U
A-U
A-7
Cruise and Number of Calls
1 2 1 h
1
1
1
1
2
1 1
1 11
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
567
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-e
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude
U2 38 00
U2 39 00
U2 UO 00
U2 hO 00
U2 UO 00
U2 Ul 00
U2 U2 00
U2 U2 U8
U2 U2 58
U2 U3 00
U2 U3 00
U2 U3 12
U2 U3 13
U2 U3 19
U2 U3 2k
U2 U3 25
42 U3 30
42 U3 37
U2 U3 Ul
U2 U3 U9
U2 h3 51
U2 U3 55
U2 U3 56
it2 UU 00
U2 UU oo
U2 UU oo
U2 UU oo
U2 UU oo
U2 UU oo
Ji2 UU 01
U2 UU 02
U2 UU 03
U2 UU 03
U2 UU 03
U2 UU 03
Longitude
87 37 00
86 15 00
86 21 00
87 UO 00
87 U7 00
87 U5 00
87 U3 00
87 U6 17
87 U5 26
86 1U 00
87 U2 00
87 U6 3U
87 UU 21
87 U5 U3
87 U6 3U
87 U6 17
87 U5 52
87 U6 33
87 U6 00
87 U6 33
87 U6 09
87 U6 33
87 U6 03
86 15 00
86 17 00
86 35 00
87 00 00
87 23 00
87 U6 00
87 U6 UO
87 UU 02
87 UU 36
87 U5 10
87 U5 UU
87 U6 18
City
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Type
A-10
A-l
A-7
A-7
A-l
E
A-U
H
H
A-l
E
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
E
A-U
E
E
E
A-l
H
H
H
H
H
H
I 2 3 U £ 6
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE l*-f
Sampling. Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
1*2 1*1* 05
1*2 1*1* 09
1*2 1*1* 1U
1*2 10, 21*
1*2 1*1* 28
1*2 1*1* 1*6
1*2 1*1* 50
1*2 hh 52
1*2 1*1* 51*
1*2 15 08
U2 1*5 17
1*2 1*5 25
1*2 1*5 29
1*2 1*6 00
1*2 U6 08
1*2 1*6 30
1*2 1*7 00
1*2 1*7 00
1*2 1*7 00
1*2 1*8 00
1*2 50 00
1*2 50 20
1*2 51 00
1*2 51 00
1*2 52 00
1*2 52 00
1*2 53 00
1*2 51* 00
1*2 51* 00
1*2 55 oo
1*2 56 00
1*2 58 00
1*2 58 31
1*2 58 1*2
1*2 58 53
Longitude
87 1*6 31*
87 1*6 27
87 1*6 38
87 1*6 00
87 1*6 36
87 1*5 10*
87 1*6 03
87 1*1* 20
87 U6 32
87 1*5 27
87 1*6 09
87 1*6 1*6
87 1*5 10
86 21 00
87 1*5 1*8
87 1*5 31*
86 H* 00
86 21* 00
87 1*1 00
87 1*6 00
87 37 00
87 1*9 00
86 11* 00
87 1*2 00
86 17 cr-
87 1*9 00
86 21 00
86 25 00
87 1*6 00
86 11* 00
87 1*9 00
87 39 00
87 51 00
87 51 11*
87 51 01
City
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
_Hacine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Milwaukee
Milwaukee
Milwaukee
Type
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
A-7
E
E
A-l
A-10
A-l*
A-l
A-10
E
A-l
A-7
A-l*
A-l
A-7
A-10
A-l*
A-l
A-l
A-10
E
E
E
Cruise and Number of Calls
I 2 3 1* 5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
678
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-g
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
1*2 59 00
1*2 59 00
1*2 59 Oil
1*2 59 13
1*2 59 15
1*2 59 22
1*2 59 26
1*2 59 30
1*2 59 36
1*2 59 1*1
1*2 59 1*3
1*2 59 1*6
U2 59 1*8
1*2 59 57
1*2 59 57
1*3 00 00
1*3 00 00
1*3 00 0?
1*3 00 08
1*3 00 09
1*3 00 18
1*3 00 26
1*3 00 27
1*3 00 27
1*3 00 29
1*3 00 31
1*3 00 39
1*3 00 39
1*3 00 52
1*3 00 52
1*3 00 53
1*3 01 00
1*3 01 00
1*3 01 00
1*3 01 01
Longitude
87 1*1* 00
87 1*7 00
87 51 12
87 51 56
87 51 22
87 52 09
87 51 33
87 52 28
87 51 1*3
87 32 31*
87 52 1*6
87 52 55
87 51 10
87 52 05
87 52 57
86 15 00
87 52 00
87 52 06
87 53 02
87 51 31
87 52 26
87 53 13
87 52 26
87 52 36
87 52 36
87 51 52
87 53 01
87 53 19
87 52 13
87 53 23
87 53 05
86 19 00
86 22 00
87 1*9 00
87 51 08
City Type
A-7
A-l*
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
A-l
A-l
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
A-i*
A-7
A-U
Milwaukee H
Cruise and Number of Calls
I23U5678
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-h
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude
iO 01 05
k3 01 06
U3 01 12
k3 01 13
h3 01 18
k3 01 19
h3 01 23
U3 01 23
h3 01 32
h3 01 33
i;3 01 3U
1*3 01 35
1*3 01 36
h3 01 38
Ii3 01 39
U3 01 iil
U3 01 Ul
U3 01 kk
U3 01 U6
h3 01 1*6
It3 01 1*8
h3 01 57
U3 01 57
k3 01 58
h3 02 00
U3 02 03
k3 02 10
Ii3 02 11
h3 02 17
h3 02 20
U3 02 22
h3 02 2lt
ii3 02 31
h3 02 35
10 02 39
Longitude
87 53 28
87 53 10
87 51 50
87 52 lit
87 53 33
87 53 13
87 52 22
87 52 iOi
87 53 38
87 53 20
87 52 55
87 52 37
87 52 19
87 51 hk
87 52 32
87 51 08
87 52 39
87 53 3k
87 52 U6
87 53 16
87 52 25
87 52 38
87 53 30
87 53 12
86 26 00
87 51 55
87 53 26
87 53 07
87 51 25
87 51 21
87 53 22
87 53 03
87 50 55
87 53 18
87 52 U8
City Type
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
A-10
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
I 3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-i
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
U3 02 39
k3 02 U3
k3 02 U7
'i3 02 50
U3 02 59
);3 03 00
'43 03 oo
U3 03 02
k3 03 06
U3 03 25
143 03 29
Ii3 03 52
.1:3 OU CO
k'i ou oo
>U 01; 17.
'••3 ou 15
ll 05 00
:J 05 00
ii3 06 00
l;3 0? 00
43 08 00
•H 03 CO
/>3 08 00
u'f, 03 00
'..:) 03 00
;«3 cs oo
U3 08 00
1;3 09 00
U3 09 00
Ji3 09 00
i>3 12 00
hi 12 00
1:3 1/4 00
U3 16 CO
U3 17 00
Longitude
87 52 59
87 52 03
87 53 12
87 52 5U
87 52 39
86 2k 00
87 53 09
87 52 oo
87 51 U7
87 52 1U
8? 51 30
87 51 13
86 16 00
87 5i oo
87 51 UO
87 50 56
87 UO 00
86 21 00
87 U5 oo
87 U9 oo
86 18 00
86 19 00
86 35 00
87 oo oo
87 25 00
87 52 00
87 53 00
86 22 00
86 26 00
86 30 00
86 21 00
86 26 00
86 26 00
86 23 00
86 28 00
City Type
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
E
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
A-l
A-l
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
A-10
A-U
A-7
A-U
A-l
E
E
E
E
E
A-l
A-U
A-7
A-10
A-l
A-U
A-U
A-l
A-U
Cruise and Number of Calls
I •' I 1 U 5
111
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
111
111
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
678
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE h-3
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
Ii3
h3
h3
hi
h3
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
UU
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hh
hS
hh
hS
16
hS
hS
\6
hS
hS
36
36
36
36
36
oh
Oh
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
20
21
23
25
32
3U
39
la
1*2
U3
U5
hS
hi
S6
02
05
10
13
20
20
21
25
31
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Longitude City
86
86
87
87
87
86
86
86
86
87
87
87
87
86
86
86
87
86
86
86
87
86
87
87
87
86
87
87
86
85
85
86
85
86
85
33
hi
00
22
hh
33
hh
33
hh
00
20
3U
00
20
32
ko
27
18
17
30
hS
hh
00
50
Hi
05
U2
31
38
ho
SO
58
20
hS
25
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00 ;•
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Type
A-l
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
A-l
A-U
E
E
A-l
E
E
E
E
E
A-fc
E
E
E
E
E
A-li
E
E
Cruise and Number of Calls
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 h £ 6 7 8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-k
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through#8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude Longitude City Type 1 £ 35 I 2 1 £
U5 32 00 86 10 00 E 1
16 33 00 87 00 00 E 1
kS l>3 00 86 28 00 E 1
15 Ui 00 86 08 00 E 1
Ii5 U8 00 8U U5 00 E 2
1*5 ii9 00 8h \6 00 E 1
U5 53 00 85 36 00 E 1
U5 56 oo 86 ih 00 A-l i
Footnotes
* A-l, U, 7, 10 - Along Ashore approximately 1, h, 7, or 10 miles
out.
E - Extended Range (deep water)
H - Harbor
** Dual Station, e.g., Extended Range and Along -shore
-------
-------
TABLE 5
Summary of Sampling Stations and Calls
Cruise
Number
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
Type of Station and Number of Calls
A-l
2
3
1
28
25
23
8
0
A-U
2
2
0
23
17
17
11
0
A-7
0
0
0
9
13
13
2
0
A-10
0
0
0
8
10
11
3
0
E
32
2k
30
2
0
1
2
22
H
0
0
0
0
0
130
0
0
Total
Sampling
Calls
36
29
31
70
65
195
26
22
Total
90
72
37
32
113
130
U7U
-------
-------
FIGURE
-------
FIGURE 2
-------
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FIGURE 3
------- |