LAKE MICHIGAN STUDIES
Special Report Number LM 2
SAMPLING SURVEYS
April, 1963
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control
Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION 1
SURVEY SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES 2
DESCHIPTION OF SAMPLING STATIONS 3
SAMPLING PROCEDURES 4
DESCRIPTION OF FIELD APPARATUS 6
TABLES
FIGURES 1 THROUGH 7 - LOCATION OF SAMPLING STATIONS
FIGURES 8 AND 9 - PHOTOGRAPHS OF FIELD APPARATUS
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INTRODUCTION
This report is one of a series covering water quality surveys
conducted in Lake Michigan in 1962 by the Great Lakes-Illinois River
Basins Project. It presents information on sampling-point locations,
summarizes field procedures, and describes apparatus used in carrying
out the surveys. Subsequent reports of the series will give details
concerning the physical, chemical, biological, microbiological, and
radiochemical investigations; will present the findings with respect
to each of these aspects of lake water quality; and will draw con-
clusions regarding the significance of the findings to the problem of
preserving lake water quality in the light of existing and potential
contaminating influences.
Sampling operations in lake Michigan began on April 24, 1962
and eight cruises were completed by December 6, 1962. A total of 358
stations were sampled during this period. Return trips were made to
some stations (see Table 4) and the total number of station stops or
calls was 474.
Three vessels were used during these cruises: the M/V (Motor
Vessel) Cisco and M/V Kaho which are owned and operated by the U. S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and the R/V (Research Vessel) Maurice
Fitzgerald which is owned and operated by an oceanographic research
company, The Geraldines Ltd. of Annapolis, Maryland.
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SURVEY SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES
Scope
This Lake Michigan Sampling Survey covered the entire Lake and
three harbors: Chicago, Milwaukee, and Racine (see Table l).
In sampling the Lake, three principal areas of study were
selected:
1. The deep-water main body of the Lake.
2. The inshore area (waters adjacent to the shoreline).
3. The waters in and adjacent to principal harbors and
tributaries.
At every station, sampling was performed in each zone of the
thermal regime and at depths that, in total, represent the vertical
profile at that station (see Table 2).
A list of all stations sampled during the period April 24 to
December 6, 1962, with types of stations and stops made on each cruise,
is presented in Table 4.
Objectives
The primary objective of the Sampling Survey was to obtain
scientific and factual data useful in developing information for the
complete Lake Michigan Studies.
Some analyses were performed immediately on shipboard; for
others, samples were prepared and preserved for more complete analysis
at the Project headquarters laboratory (see Table 3)•
In addition to sampling and analysis at each station, as many
as ten measurements and observations were performed and recorded for
study. (See SAMPLING PROCEDURES).
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DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLING STATIONS
Extended Range Stations (Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4)
These stations extend throughout the deep-water main body of the
Lake and were chosen to coincide with the stations to be used for lake
current measurements. Because of special interest and the possibility
of greater varibility of water quality in the Southern Basin, extra
stations were inserted between the proposed current meter locations.
Inshore Stations (Figures I, 2, 3, and 4)
Inshore stations, also referred to as "along shore" or "shore-
line, " were located along lines parallel to the shore and respectively
one, four, seven, and ten miles out, to provide intensive coverage
between shallow waters and deeper regions of the Lake. The density of
these stations decreased with distance from shore, e.g., there were
fewer ten mile stations than seven mile stations, more four mile
stations than seven mile stations, with the greatest number of stations
at one mile. Most of the inshore stations were located in the southern
half of the Lake, where concentrations of population and industry were
greatest, with only scattered stations in other regions of the Lake.
Stations in Harbor and Tributary Areas (Figures 5,6, and 7)
Racine and Milwaukee Harbors
Within the breakwall, stations were located at approximately
quarter-mile intervals along lines parallel to the shore. Stations
were placed in increments of one-quarter to one-half mile from shore,
depending upon the location of the breakwall. Where necessary, there
was an extension of these stations north and south of the breakwall.
Outside the breakwall, stations were located on radii originat-
ing from the point at which the main channel flowed through the
breakwall, or, in the case of a tributary, on lines radiating from
its mouth. Relative placement of these stations was similar to
stations within the breakwall. These stations extend a maximum of
three miles from shore.
Chicago Harbor
Since the Chicago River normally flows out of, rather than into,
Lake Michigan, only a limited number of stations were established in
this area. These stations were placed on a line extending two miles
north and south of the Chicago River, and extend a maximum of one and
one-half miles from shore.
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SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Initial Steps
The master of the vessel determines when the ship is on station
by conventional navigational procedures. The research vessels are
equipped with radar, radio direction finder (RDF), and sextants. As
soon as the ship is on station, a bathythermograph (see DESCRIPTION OF
FIELD APPARATUS) cast is immediately made. The depth of the water is
then determined by the plot on the recording fathometer and checked by
the trace on the BT slide. A marker buoy is then cast overboard to
mark the sampling point; between drops the vessel is run up to this
marker buoy to compensate for drift due to wind and/or current. While
the ship is on station, no activities which would discharge waste
overside are conducted.
Setting the Sampling Line
The ship's sampling line, a winch-operated oceanographic cable,
is rigged with a 15 pound lead weight when line-clamped sampling
devices are being used. When dredging is in progress, this weight is
not used. The first sampling device is placed about 2 meters above
this bottom weight. This weight prevents the sampling gear from
bottoming and serves to keep the line taut, as well as serving as a
stabilizer to prevent the line from whipping. The sampling line is
led over a pulley having a circumference of 1 meter. By reading a
revolution counter on the pulley wheel, the amount of line let out or
retrieved can be determined. This enables sampling personnel to de-
termine where to clamp the sampling devices to maintain the proper
relationship with each other and the depth of the water.
Sampling
The various types of sampling devices are actuated serially by
messengers which slide down the oceanographic line. Sampling devices
for the collection of water samples at the various depths are serially
tripped. The first device trips a messenger and also releases a mes-
senger which, in turn, triggers the device next below it on the line.
Any number of devices can be triggered, one after another, using these
mechanisms. Generally the oceanographic line is held in contact with
the fingers and as each messenger triggers the next lower sampling
device on the line, a shock is transmitted up the line. When the
number of shocks corresponds to the number of sampling devices on the
line, that particular phase of the sampling is over and the winch is
reversed and the string of sampling devices is retrieved. Each
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sampler is removed from the line, in the reverse order to which it went
on, as it is brought up to the sampling platform. These numbered de-
vices are carefully removed and placed in racks according to number.
To collect the multiple samples necessary at a station, several
drops are necessary; between drops the vessel is realigned with the
reference buoy. Drops at a typical station might be in this order:
polyvinyl chloride water bottles of six-liter capacity for chemical
analyses; Nansen bottles with reversing thermometers for chemical
samples and accurate temperature measurement; bacteriological samplers
of the J-Z type; a vertical plankton tow net; and, finally, dredging
for bottom sediments and organisms using a bottom sampling device.
(For further information about sampling devices mentioned, see
DESCRIPTION OF FIELD APPARATUS).
Measurement s and Observations
While sampling is in progress, the following measurements and
observations are also made:
A bathythermograph is let down to the bottom from the
other side of the vessel to determine the vertical
temperature profile, as previously described.
A secchi disk is lowered and raised to determine the
limit of visibility. On the first cruise, a hydro-
photometer was also available for light penetration
measurements.
Air temperature was taken in °F.
Wind speed is measured with an anemometer when available.
Wind direction, cloud cover, sea state, visibility and
general weather conditions are recorded.
Time on Station
The length of time required at each station is determined by the
depth of that particular station and weather conditions. However,
elapsed time seldom exceeds 45 minutes.
Work Performed Between Stations
While the vessel is enroute to the next station, the samples are
removed from the various devices and some portions are analyzed aboard
ship; the remainder are preserved for analysis at the headquarters
laboratory. (See Tables 3-a and 3-b)
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DESCRIPTION OF FIELD APPARATUS
Polyvinyl Chloride Water Bottle
This device is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC); is cylindrical
in shape; and collects a six-liter sample. Both ends of the cylinder
are open when it is cocked, and the ends are sealed water-tight with
contoured rubber cups when actuated. The water is then trapped inside
and represents a sample at the depth of sampler. A hose, pinched shut
during the sampling operation, is used to withdraw the sample follow-
ing retrieval. (See Pigure 8)
The PVC sampler was used for the collection of samples for all
chemical analyses and for samples analyzed for chlorophyll density
and plankton algae.
Nanscn Bottle
The Nansen bottle (Figure 8) is a reversing bottle fitted with
two plug valves and holding from 1100 to 1250 ml (milliliters) of
water. The two plug valves, one on each end of the brass or bronze
cylinder, are operated synchronously by means of a connecting rod
which is fastened to the clamp that secures the bottle to the sampling
line. When the bottle is lowered, this clamp at the lower end and the
valves are in an open position. In this open position, the water
passes through the Nansen bottle. The bottle is held in this open
position by a release mechanism which passes around the sampling line.
When the messenger from the surface travels down the line it strikes
the release attached to the Nansen bottle. The bottle falls over and
turns through 180° and shuts the valves, which are then held closed
by a locking device.
Reversing thermometer frames are attached to the Nansen bottle
and reversal of the bottle actuates the reversing thermometer. When
the bottle reverses, it releases another messenger attached to the
clamp. This second messenger closes the next lower bottle, which
releases a third messenger, etc.
Nansen bottles are made from various noncorrosive materials,
usually brass or bronze. They are coated with lacquer, are silver
plated, or may be lined with some plastic material such as teflon.
This lining prevents the metal of the bottle from contaminating the
samples.
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J-Z Type Bacteriological Sampler (Zo-Bell)
This device, developed by Professor Zo-Bell., is composed of a
metal brace which holds a previously sterilized sample container. This
container consists of a 250 ml bottle with a rubber stopper through
which is placed an open glass tube. On the end of this tube, extending
out of the bottle, is a rubber tube that has a sealed glass tube ex-
tending from its other end. When the device is actuated, the sealed
glass tube is broken and the water enters the bottle. The rubber
tubing, which is approximately six inches long, springs away from the
metal brace when the glass tubs is broken. This feature is to insure
against any contamination of the sample by the brace. (See Figure 8)
This sampler was used on all cruises expect the first for
collecting samples for bacteriological analyses.
Pet e3'^^n Drredqe
The Petersen dredge is widely used for taking samples from hard
bottoms such as sand, gravel, marl, clay and similar materials. It
weighs frcrn 35 to 70 pounds according to the weights used. The
Poteraen dredge is generally constructed of iron and is built so that
its crm weight and the leverage exerted by its closing mechanism bites
its w~y into hard bottoms, deeply enough to secure satisfactory
samples.
This dredge incorporates a locking mechanism which is self-
rsleasing when tension on the line is slackened. This tripping device
consists of a horizontal locking bar which holds the dredge open until
it reaches bottom and the tension is taken off the cable. When
tension is reappliod to the eabls, leverage is exerted on the jaws by
moans of cross bars, This motion tends to both close the jaws and
force them into the bottom being sampled.
The particular size of Pebersen dredge used encloses an area of
about 1/10 square moter. Figure 9 shows a sample being emptied from
the dredge into a tub.
Vertical_TQw r'ls.nktonJJet,
This device consists of a conical sVp^ri, #20 mesh nylon bolt-
ing cloth net, 1.5 meters in length, 0.5 meters in diameter at the
top, and 0.08 meters diameter at the bottom (see Figure 9). Attached
to the bottom is a small metal bucket with large openings in its
sides filled with the same fine mesh netting.
When the net is brought up, plankton trapped on the inside
surface are washed down into this bucket using a hose on the outside
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of the net to prevent contamination of the sample by plankton contained
in the wash water. The bucket is removed and the plankton are washed
into a sample jar through a stopcock located at its base. (See Figure
9)
Secchi Disk
This is a circular plate 20 centimeters in diameter, the upper
surface of which is divided into four equal quadrants, alternately
painted black and white. It is lowered on a graduated line and its
depths of disappearance and reappearance are averaged and recorded as
the limit of visibility.
Reversing Thermometer
The reversing thermometers are also referred to under other
names, such as deep-sea thermometers and turn-over thermometers.
Various types are made but all operate basically on the same principle,
namely that a 180° reversal of the thermometer is accomplished after a
required period of adjustment. A column of mercury, whose length is
the measure of the temperature at the selected depth, is detached and
delivered to the opposite end of the capillary tube. The length of
this detached mercury column can not be altered by additions or sub-
tractions until the instrument is brought to the surface and turned
back to its original position.
The temperatures were read and recorded to within 1/10 of a
degree centigrade. These thermometers are usually operated in pairs
and one thermometer compared against the other to eliminate structural
and functional errors.
Bathythermograph
The bathythermograph (BT), also called a thermarine recorder
(Figure 9)> is an instrument which records a graph of water tempera-
ture vs depth when lowered or raised through the water. Its thermal
element actuates a stylus which scribes a line on a coated slide
enclosed in the instrument. The slide is positioned, according to
depth, by a pressure-sensing element. The trace scribed on the smoked
or gold-plated slide is read by comparing it with a grid individually
calibrated for each instrument. It is considered normally accurate
within 1/10 of a degree centigrade.
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TABLE 1
VESSELS, DATES AND AREAS SAMPLED
Vessel Inclusive Dates
Cisco April 2li-May 7
Cisco June 5- along shore stations.
Southern half. 30 extended range
and 1 along shore station.
South central to southwest side.
68 along'-shore and 2 extended
range stations.
Southeast side. 6£ along «shore
stations.
South central to southwest side0
130 harbor and 6U along shore
stations and 1 extended range
station. Harbors sampled were
Chicago, Racine and Milwaukee.
Southwest side. 2U along-shore
and 2 extended range stations.
South central. 22 extended
range stations.
Note: A total of k7h station stops were made during this period,
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TABLE 2
SAMPLING DEPTHS
Depth
0
"5
10
20
30
50
70
100
150
Harbor &
Tributary
Meters (Just
below surface)
Meters
i) >
it
it
tt
it
it
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Mid-depth X • .
Type of Station
Along
1 Mi. k Mi.
X
X
X
X
X
X
•••x
shore
7 Mi.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10 Mi.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Extended
Range
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-------
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TABLE li-a
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
hi 38 00
111 39 00
la 39 oo
lil hi 00
la la oo
hi ia oo
la hi oo
ia ia oo
111 h3 00
hi h3 oo
iii hh 00
hi hk 00
hi h5 oo
hi h5 oo
hi h5 oo
hi h6 oo
hi h6 oo
hi h6 oo
hi h6 oo
hi h6 00
hi h6 00
hi h6 00
hi h7 oo
hi h7 00
hi h8 00
hi h8 00
hi h8 00
hi h8 00
hi h9 00
hi h9 30
hi 50 00
hi 50 00
hi 51 00
hi 51 00
la 5i oo
Longitude
8? 17 00
87 10 00
87 23 00
87 Oh 00
87 11 00
87 17 00
87 22 00
87 28 00
86 58 00
87 26 00
87 03 00
87 lh 00
86 53 00
87 21 00
87 31 00
87 00 00
87 13 00
87 13 00
87 19 00
87 20 00
8? 23 00
87 27 00
86 h8 00
86 56 00
86 53 00
8? 22 00
87 25 00
87 30 oo
87 3h 00
87 35 00
86 hh 00
87 36 oo
8 '6 5h 00
87 32 00
87 36 00
Cruise and Number of
City Type 1 £
A-l
A-l
A-l
A-l
A-h
A-h
A-h
A-l
A-l
A-U
A-h
A-7
A-l
A-7
A-l
E 1
A-10**
E
A-10*#
E 1
E
A-h
A-l
A-h
A-l;
A-10
A-7
A-h
A-l
Chicago H
A-l
Chicago H
A-7
A-h
Chicago H
3 h
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5 6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Calls
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
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TABLE U-b
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude
Ul 51 38
Ui 52 oo
iil 52 00
Ui 52 oo
Ul 52 26
Ul 52 30
Ul 53 00
Ul 53 00
Ui 53 oo
Ui 53 oo
Ul 53 OU
Ul 53 21
Ul 53 21
Ul 53 26
Ul 53 UO
Ui 5U 17
Ul 5U 18
Ui 55 oo
Ui 55 oo
Ui 55 oo
Ui 55 06
Ui 56 oo
Ui 56 oo
Ui 56 oo
Ui 56 oo
Ui 57 oo
Ui 58 oo
Ui 58 oo
U2 00 00
U2 00 00
U2 00 00
U2 00 00
U2 00 00
U2 00 00
U2 00 00
Longitude
87 35 25
87 00 00
87 13 00
87 25 00
87 3U 06
87 35 25
86 UO 00
86 U5 00
86 5U 00
87 36 00
87 35 00
87 33 06
87 3U 15
87 36 00
87 35 00
87 3U 11
87 36 39
86 U6 00
87 26 00
87 32 00
87 35 25
86 36 00
87 29 00
87 33 00
87 37 00
87 37 00
86 39 00
86 U7 00
86 35 00
86 36 00
86 38 00
86 Ul 00
87 00 00
87 13 00
87 18 00
City
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Type
H
E
E
E
H
H
A-l
A-U
A-10
A-l
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
A-7
A-10
E
H
A-l
A-7
A-U
H
A-l
A-U
A-10
A-l
E
A-U
A-7
E
E
E
1 l 3 UI£ T^J
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
l
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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TABLE U-c
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
1*2 00 00
U2 00 00
U2 00 00
U2 01 00
U2 01 00
U2 03 oo
U2 03 00
U2 OU 00
U2 OU 00
'£ OU 00
U2 OU 00
U2 05 00
U2 0? 00
U2 0? 00
U2 08 00
U2 08 00
U2 08 00
U2 08 00
U2 08 00
U2 08 00-
U2 08 00
U2 09 00
U2 10 00
U2 11 00
U2 12 00
U2 12 00
U2 12 00
U2 12 00
U2 1U 00
U2 15 00
U2 16 00
U2 16 00
U2 16 00
U2 16 00
U2 16 00
Longitude City
8? 19 00
87 25 00
87 3U 00
86 59 00
67 39 00
86 UU 00
87 29 00
86 32 00
86 36 00
87 32 00
87 36 00
87 UO 00
86 3U 00
87 38 00
86 30 00
86 35 00
86 U7 00
87 00 00
87 13 00
87 25 00
87 U3 00
86 37 00
87 U3 00
86 26 00
87 36 00
87 38 00
87 U3 00
87 U6 00
86 28 00
86 23 00
86 30 00
86 35 00
86 U7 00
87 00 00
87 13 00
Type
E
E
A-U
E
A-l
A-10
A-10
A-l
A-U
A-7
A-U
A-l
A-U
A-U
A-l
E
E
E
E
E
A-l
A-7
E
A-l
A-10
A-7
A-U
A-l
A-U
A-l
A-7
E
E
E
E
Cruise and Number of Calls
123^1628
1 1
1
1 11
1
1 11
1
1
1
1
1
1 11
1 1
1
1 11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-d
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude
h2 16 00
h2 16 00
h2 18 00
h2 18 00
U2 19 00
h2 20 00
U2 21 00
h2 21 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
h2 23 00
h2 23 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
U2 23 00
h2 2h 00
U2 2U 00
h2 25 00
U2 27 00
h2 28 00
h2 28 00
U2 30 00
h2 30 00
U2 30 00
U2 31 00
U2 32 00
U2 32 00
h2 33 00
U2 3h 00
U2 35 00
U2 36 00
U2 37 00
h2 37 00
U2 38 00
Longitude City
87 25 00
87 U8 00
86 32 00
87 h2 00
86 20 00
87 U8 00
86 23 00
87 U5 00
86 19 00
86 20 00
86 26 00
86 35 00
87 00 00
87 25 00
87 37 00
87 U5 00
87 hO 00
87 hi 00
86 29 00
86 17 00
86 20 00
87 hi 00
86 23 00
86 35 00
87 hh 00
86 16 00
86 27 00
87 hi 00
87 37 00
87 UO 00
86 15 00
87 U8 00
86 18 00
87 U5 00
86 22 00
Type 123 T £ £ T IT
E 1
A-l 1
A-10 1
A-7 1 1
A-l 1
A-l 1 1
A-U 1
A-U 1 1
A-l 1
E 2
A-7 1
Ell 1
E 1 11
Ell
A-10 1 1
E 1
A-7 1 1
A-l 1 1
A-10 1
A-l 1
A-l 1 1
A-7 1
E 1
A-U 1
A-l 1
A-10 1
A-l 1 1
A-10 1
A-7 1
A-l 1
A-l 1 1
A-U 1
A-U 1
A-7 1
-------
-------
TABLE l|-e
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude
1*2 38 00
1*2 39 00
1*2 1*0 00
1*2 1*0 00
1*2 1*0 00
1*2 1*1 00
1*2 1*2 00
1*2 h2 1*8
1*2 1*2 58
1*2 1*3 00
1*2 1*3 00
1*2 1*3 12
1*2 1*3 13
1*2 1*3 19
1*2 1*3 21*
1*2 1*3 25
1*2 1*3 30
1*2 1*3 37
1*2 1*3 1*1
1*2 1*3 1*9
1*2 1*3 51
1*2 1*3 55
1*2 1*3 56
1*2 1*1* 00
U2 1*1* 00
h2 hh 00
1*2 1*1* 00
1*2 1*1* 00
1*2 hh oo
1*2 1*1* 01
1*2 1*1* 02
1*2 1*1* 03
1*2 1*1* 03
1*2 l*i* 03
U2 1*1* 03
Longitude
87 37 00
86 15 00
86 21 00
87 1*0 00
87 1*7 00
87 1*5 00
87 1*3 00
87 1*6 17
87 1*5 26
86 It* 00
87 1*2 00
87 1*6 31*
87 1*1* 21
87 1*5 1*3
87 1*6 31*
87 1*6 17
87 1*5 52
87 1*6 33
87 1*6 00
87 1*6 33
87 1*6 09
87 U6 33
87 1*6 03
86 15 00
86 17 00
86 35 00
87 00 00
87 23 00
87 1*6 00
87 1*6 1*0
87 1*1* 02
87 1*1* 36
87 1*5 10
87 1*5 l*U
87 1*6 18
City
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Type
A-10
A-l
A-7
A-7
A-l
E
A-l*
H
H
A-l
E
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
E
A-U
E
E
E
A-l
H
H
H
H
H
H
1231*5678
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE l*-f
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude
1*2 1*1* 05
1*2 1*1* 09
1*2 1*1* 11*
1*2 1*1* 21*
1*2 1*1* 28
1*2 1*1* 1*6
h2 1*1* 50
12 1*1* 52
1*2 10, 51*
1*2 U5 08
1*2 1*5 17
1*2 1*5 25
1*2 1*5 29
U2 U6 00
1*2 1*6 08
1*2 1*6 30
1*2 h7 00
Ii2 U7 00
Ii2 U7 00
U2 U8 00
U2 50 00
hz 50 20
U2 51 oo
1*2 51 00
U2 52 00
1*2 52 00
U2 53 00
te 5U oo
1*2 51* 00
1*2 55 oo
1*2 56 oo
1*2 58 00
1*2 58 31
1*2 58 1*2
1*2 58 53
Longitude
87 1*6 31*
87 1*6 27
87 1*6 38
87 1*6 00
87 1*6 36
87 1*5 ill*
87 1*6 03
87 1*1* 20
87 1*6 32
87 1*5 27
87 1*6 09
87 1*6 1*6
87 1*5 10
86 21 00
87 1*5 hB
87 1*5 3U
86 11* 00
86 21* 00
87 1*1 00
87 1*6 00
87 37 00
87 1*9 00
86 ll* 00
87 1*2 00
86 17 r-
87 1*9 00
86 21 00
86 25 00
87 1*6 00
86 ll* 00
87 1*9 00
87 39 00
87 51 00
87 51. 11*
87 51 01
City
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Jtecine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Racine
Milwaukee
Milwaukee
Milwaukee
Type
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
A-7
H
H
A-l
A-10
A-l*
A-l
A-10
H
A-l
A-7
A-l*
A-l
A-7
A-10
A-l*
A-l
A-l
A-10
H
H
H
123 "IT 5678
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
I
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-g
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude
U2 59 00
U2 59 00
U2 59 OU
U2 59 13
U2 59 15
U2 59 22
U2 59 26
U2 59 30
U2 59 36
U2 59 Ul
U2 59 U3
U2 59 U6
U2 59 U8
U2 59 57
U2 59 57
U3 00 00
U3 00 00
U3 00 07
U3 00 08
U3 00 09
U3 00 18
U3 00 26
U3 00 27
U3 00 27
U3 00 29
U3 00 31
U3 00 39
U3 00 39
U3 00 52
U3 00 52
U3 00 53
U3 01 00
U3 01 00
U3 01 00
U3 01 01
Longitude
87 UU 00
87 U7 00
87 51 12
87 51 56
87 51 22
87 52 09
87 51 33
87 52 28
87 51 U3
87 32 3U
87 52 U6
87 52 55
87 51 10
87 52 05
87 52 57
86 15 00
87 52 00
87 52 06
87 53 02
87 51 31
87 52 26
87 53 13
87 52 26
87 52 36
87 52 36
87 51 52
87 53 01
87 53 19
87 52 13
87 53 23
87 53 05
86 19 00
86 22 00
87 U9 00
87 51 08
City Typ<
A-7
A-U
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
A-l
A-l
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
A-U
A-7
A-U
Milwaukee H
1 23 U £678
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-h
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude
1*3 01 05
1*3 01 06
1*3 01 12
1*3 01 13
1*3 01 18
Ii3 01 19
1*3 01 23
1*3 01 23
h3 01 32
1*3 01 33
1*3 01 31*
1*3 01 35
1*3 01 36
1*3 01 38
1*3 01 39
h3 01 la
1*3 01 la
U3 01 Uli
ii3 01 b6
k3 01 1*6
h3 01 U8
1*3 01 57
1*3 01 57
Ii3 01 58
U3 02 00
1*3 02 03
1*3 02 10
1*3 02 11
1*3 02 17
1*3 02 20
it3 02 22
1*3 02 21*
1*3 02 31
U3 02 35
1*3 02 39
Longitude
87 53 28
87 53 10
87 51 50
87 52 11*
87 53 33
87 53 13
87 52 22
87 52 U*
87 53 38
87 53 20
87 52 55
87 52 37
87 52 19
87 51 1*1*
87 52 32
87 51 08
87 52 39
87 53 31*
87 52 1*6
87 53 16
87 52 25
87 52 38
87 53 30
8? 53 12
86 26 00
87 51 55
87 53 26
87 53 07
87 51 25
87 51 21
87 53 22
87 53 03
87 50 55
87 53 18
87 52 1*8
City Type
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
A-10
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
2 1 h 5 6 7 8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-i
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location
Latitude
hi 02 39
U3 02 U3
k3 02 U7
Jt3 02 50
1.1-3 02 59
1*3 03 00
U3 03 00
U3 03 02
U3 03 06
U3 03 25
H3 03 29
U3 03 52
U3 01; 00
hi oh oo
U3 OU 11
-!!.3 OU 15
J|3 05 00
Ii3 06 00
hi 06 00
U3 0? 00
1(3 03 00
u3 03 00
43 03 00
hi 03 00
U3 03 00
U3 08 00
U3 08 00
U3 09 00
hi 09 00
U3 09 00
ii3 12 00
U3 12 00
Ii3 1U 00
Ii.3 16 00
U3 17 00
Longitude
87 52 59
87 52 03
87 53 12
87 52 51;
87 52 39
86 2h 00
87 53 09
87 52 00
87 51 hi
87 52 1U
87 51 30
87 51 13
86 16 00
87 51 00
87 51 UO
87 50 56
87 UO 00
86 21 00
87 U5 00
87 U9 00
86 18 00
86 19 00
86 35 00
87 00 00
87 25 00
87 52 00
87 53 00
86 22 00
86 26 00
86 30 00
86 21 00
86 26 00
86 26 00
86 23 00
86 28 00
City Type
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
E
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
A-l
A-l
Milwaukee H
Milwaukee H
A-10
A-U
A-7
A-U
A-l
E
E
E
E
E
A-l
A-U
A-?
A-10
A-l
A-it
A-it
A-l
A-li
Cruise and Number of Calls
i ; I 1 h 5
111
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
111
111
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
678
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
-------
TABLE U-J
Sampling Stations, Cruises #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude Longitude City Type 1 2 3 h 5. 2 I £
U3 36 00
1*3 36 00
1*3 36 00
1*3 36 00
1*3 36 00
hh Oh 00
hh Oh 00
111* 05 00
hh 05 00
hh 05 oo
1*1* 05 oo
1*1* 05 oo
liii 20 00
1*1* 21 00
1*1* 23 00
1*1* 25 oo
i*l* 32 00
hh 31* 00
1*1* 39 00
1*1* 1*1 00
1*1* h2 00
111* 1*3 00
1*1* 1*5 oo
1*1* 1*5 oo
1*1* 1*7 00
hh 56 00
1*5 02 00
hh 05 oo
1*5 10 oo
1*5 13 00
1*5 20 oo
1£ 20 00
1*5 21 00
U5 25 oo
1*5 31 oo
86 33 00
86 hi 00
87 oo oo
87 22 00
87 1*1* 00
86 33 00
86 hh 00
86 33 00
86 hh 00
87 oo oo
87 20 00
87 31* 00
87 00 00
86 20 00
86 32 00
86 hO 00
87 27 00
86 18 00
86 17 00
86 30 00
87 1*5 oo
86 Ui* 00
87 oo oo
87 50 00
87 iu oo
86 05 00
87 1*2 00
87 31 00
86 38 00
85 1*0 00
85 50 oo
86 58 00
85 20 00
86 Ii5 00
85 25 oo
A-l 111
E 1
E 1
Ell
Ell
E 1
E 1
E 1
E 1
Ell
Ell
Ell
E 1
E 11
E 1
E 1
A-l 1
A-U 1
E 11
E 1
A-l 1
E 1
E 1
E 1
E 1
E 1
A-h 1
E 1
E 1
E 1
E 1
E 1
A-h 1
E 1
E 1
-------
\.
-------
TABLE U-k
Sampling Stations, Cruises; #1 through #8 inclusive
Station Location Cruise and Number of Calls
Latitude Longitude City Type 1 2 3 T 5 £ 7 8
U5 32 00 86 10 00 E 1
U5 33 00 87 00 00 E 1
US 1.3 00 86 28 00 E 1
US UU 00 86 08 00 E 1
U5 U8 00 Qk 1£ 00 E 2
U5 U9 00 8U US 00 E 1
i£ 53 00 85 36 00 E 1
U5 56 00 86 lh 00 A-l i
Footnotes
A-l, It, 7, 10 - Along «hore approximately 1, U, 7, or 10 miles
out.
E - Extended Range (deep water)
H - Harbor
Dual Station, e.g., Extended Range and Along shore
-------
-------
TABLE $
Summary of Sampling Stations and Calls
Cruise
Number
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
Type of Station and Number of Calls
A-l
2
3
1
28
25
23
8
0
A-U
2
2
0
23
17
17
11
0
A-7
0
0
0
9
13
13
2
0
A-10
0
0
0
8
10
11
3
0
E
32
21*
30
2
0
1
2
22
H
0
0
0
0
0
130
0
0
Total
Sampling
Calls
36
29
31
70
65
195
26
22
Total
90
72
37
32
113
130
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