FIRST MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT
LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN
COMPREHENSIVE WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL STUDY
December, 1966
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
Chicago, Illinois
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Purpose.
The purpose of this report is to summarize briefly the progress of
the comprehensive water pollution control study of the lake Superior
Basin. The report is based upon a meeting of staff personnel held on
December 29, 1966. Those present included Scarce, Fuller, Abbott, Libby
and Minkin with Grounds acting as chairman. It is the intent that
progress reports completed monthly will keep the Region informed of
activities in this area Jff of its responsibility.
Summary
Work completed to date includes the selection and placing of current
meter stations in Lake Superior, collection of initial samples from seven
stations in the Lake, chemical and biological analyses of these samples,
initial reconnaissance of waste sources along the St. Louis River,
reconnaissance of possible laboratory sites, preparation of a preliminary
draft of population and economy, and work also has begun on a report of
"Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs of the St. Louis River and
Montreal River Basins." This special report, which is scheduled to be
completed in initial draft form by March 1, 196?, is being prepared in
answer to Rainwater's request of October 31, 1966.
Abbott
Abbott reported on his pollution reconnaissance of the St. Louis
River (See Exhibit l). He then discussed what had been accomplished in
regards to the preparation of the special report cited above. A
subsequent meeting between Abbott and Grounds resulted in the following
minimum guidelines as to report contents.
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2 .
1. It should contain the information requested by Rainwater in
his October 31? 1966 memorandum.
2. A tentative title for the report would be "Immediate Water
Pollution Control Needs of the St. Louis River and Montreal River
Basins, Lake Superior Watershed" and alternate title would be "Immediate
Water Pollution Control Needs of the Interstate Waters of the lake
Superior Basin."
3. The report should be divided into two parts. Part I is to be
entitled the "St. Louis River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin" and Part II
"Montreal River Basin, Michigan and Wisconsin."
A. There should be at least 3'illustrations:
a. A map of the entire United States' portion of Lake
Superior Watershed showing the Montreal and St. Louis River Basins
shaded.
b. A map of the St. Louis River Basin showing pertinent
locations of communities and where possible, industrial waste sources
and state boundaries.
c. A map of the Montreal River Basin.similar to b.
"v "" »
5. There should be a table listingyin both parts of the report '
municipal waste sources.
6. There should be a table in both parts of the report listing
industrial waste sources.
Abbott was furnished with the following to aid in his work:
1. A copy of a report entitled "Comprehensive Water Pollution
Control Program for the Lake Superior Basin." (From Grounds)
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2. A copy of a report by the Wisconsin State Health
Department concerning pollution in the Wisconsin portion of the Lake
Superior Watershed. (From Planning and Reports Files)
3. A list of interstate streams in the Lake Superior Basin.
(From Minkin)
4. A list of paper mills and docking facilities in the Lake
Superior Basin. (From Libby)
Scarce-Fuller
Scarce and Fuller reported on an inspection trip of possible
laboratory sites and the results of initial chemical and microbiological
analyses on samples collected from Lake Superior. A trip report is
attached (See Exhibit 2). Analytical results given in Tables 1 and 2
indicate a very high and uniform water quality throughout the Lake. The
only exception to this are the high values of organic nitrogen found in
Whitefish Bay (Station Number 10).
Libby
Libby commented on his compilation of paper mill waste sources and
potential waste sources in the Lake Superior Basin. Also discussed were
the capabilities of the Telson Queen. Libby will turn over a copy of his
work to Abbott.
Minkin
Minkin has obtained maps covering the entire Lake Superior Watershed.
Location coding for the shoreline has been completed, and maps were coded
for the Basin. He has prepared a listing of interstate streams and has
begun a compilation of municipal water and waste sources for the Basin.
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4
A preliminary draft (Exhibit 3) of the Population and Economy
Appendix for the Lake Superior Watershed is completed. This draft
includes a description of the Watershed's present economy and projections
of future population grovrbh and industrial activity. These projections
will be translated into future municipal and industrial water demands and
waste loads.
Fisher
Biological samples were collected on the special cruise on Lake
Superior in October and November, 1966 from six widely scattered stations
in the Lake and from one station in Whitefish Bay.
Phytoplankton and benthic organisms were collected by various
sampling devices. All samples have been analyzed. In general, numbers
of organisms appear quite limited.
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SAMPLING STATIONS
LOCATION MAP
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL
DATA
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TABLE 2
LAKE SUPERIOR MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA
Oct. 17 - Nov. 6, 1966
MICROBIOLOGICAL FINDINGS
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-
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EXHIBIT 1'
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TRIP REPORT
Jg£: W. L. Abbott Date: January 3, 1967
Travel To: Duluth, Minesota and Environs
Dates of Travel; November 28, 29 and 30, 1966
Purpose of Trip: To survey the possible sources of pollution on the
St. Louis River, to take pictures of same if possible,
and to become familiar with area for purposes of writing
a report on pollution control needs.
Persons contacted: Richard Lewis, Lake Superior Field Station
Summary:
The Duluth-Superior harbor area was surveyed and the St. Louis River was
surveyed by auto from Duluth upstream to Brookston. Some Polaroid
pictures were taken but access to wastewater outfalls was not possible
without trespassing.
Charles Beier was on leave so no aerial photography was done.
Conelusions:
Outfall sampling on the lower reaches of the St. Louis River can be
done by boats with shallow draft. Sampling at outfalls upstream will
probab3_y have to be done with the cooperation of the industries involved.
The River may be sampled at several points where highway access is
possible.
The Duluth-Superior harbor looks polluted; however, another attempt at
aerial surveillance should be made in the spring after the thaw.
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EXHIBIT 2
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(I)' .
TRIP REPORT
By; L. E. Scarce
Travel to; Houghton, Marquette, and Munising, Michigan
Accompanied by; F. D. Fuller
Dates of Travel; Dec. 13 and lii, 1966
£iy!E£§£._^L-2£iE.: To inspect area's State and City laboratories in order
to assess availability and suitability for Project use as satellite
laboratories in the Lake Superior study.
«
Persons Contacted;
'John Erickson, Sanitary Engineer, Michigan Dept. of Health, Escanaba
Alden Scott, Chief, Branch Laboratory, Michigan Dept, of Health, Houghton
Kirk'Mullaly, Supt. of Water and Sewage, Marquette
Dr. Thomas Griffith, Assoc. Dean of Arts & Science, and Dr. Gerald D. Jacobs,
Professor of Chemistry, Northern Michigan University, Marquette
Bruce Hoyb, Supt. Wastewater Treatment, Munising
Harold Methot, City Manager, Munising . .
Summary:
The following laboratories were visited:
Houghton, Mich. - Dept. of Public Health
Marquette, " - Marquette Sewage Treatment Plant
. " n Northern Michigan University Biochemistry Lab
Munising, w - Water Treatment Plant
w M - Wastewater Treatment Plant
Informatiqn from Consultations:
Temporary laboratory accommodations for Project pui"poses could be worked
out at any one of the laboratories or buildings as listed below:
Michigan Public Health Laboratory, Houghton, Mich.
laboratory space available limited, but adequate. One small room
could be used exclusively by us for chemistry. Microbiology could
have access to another room on a half-day basis,
Marquette Sewage Treatment Plant, Marquette, Mich.
Laboratory space very limited but plant manager indicated great
interest in cooperating; however, a large basement area woxild
lend .itself very well to our creating a temporary lab. Satisfactory
drains and electricity available.
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(2).
TRIP REPORT
Information from Consultations: (continued)
Northern Michigan University, Marquette, Mich.
A very-large laboratory might be made available if there would be
no conflict with summer school sessions,
Water Treatment Plant, Munising, Mich.
Very limited laboratory space, but other space in pump room could
.be utilized for temporary counters.
Wastewater Treatment Plant, Munising,-Mich.
Very limited laboratory facilities but, again, space in the
basement could be developed for our temporary use.
Suggested Revisions of Procedures:
It appears that a feasible plan could be arranged where GLIRBP would make
or acquire portable laboratory equipment (such as folding tables, concrete
laundry sinks, etc.) to be set up in plants where unused space is available
for our use.
Conclusions or Comments;
Available laboratory- space ca.n easily be arranged for in Houghton and a
temporary laboratory created-in the Sewage Treatment Plant in Marquette.
If there are few sampling areas east of Munising, it might be practical
to use the laboratory at Marquette and none at Munising.
In all case3, all local officials requested that we make definite
arrangements with them well in advance of our anticipated arrival0
cc: V7illiam Q. Kehr
Charles. R. Owribey
James L. Verber
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EXHIBIT 3
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COMPREHENSIVE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM
for the
LAKE SUPERIOR WATERSHED
Report Number Appendix
(Population and Economy)
PRELIMINARY DRAFT
October 1966
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
Chicago, Illinois
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. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter . Subject Page
1 GENERAL
Basic Concepts
2 LAKE SUPERIOR WATERSHED
Population
Economic Activity
Projections
3 ECONOMIC SUBREGIONS
M-19 - Alger, Chippewa, Luce, and
Marquette Counties, Michigan
M-20 - Baraga, Gogebic, Houghton,
Keeweenaw, and Ontonagon
Counties, Michigan
W-8 - Ashland, Bayfield, Douglas,
Iron, and Vilas Counties,
Wisconsin
MINN-1 - Carlton, Cook, Lake, and
St. Louis Counties, Minnesota
4 SUMMARY OF PROJECTIONS
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LIST OF TABLES
After Page
Number ' Title Number
1 Subregions for Economic Analysis
2 Population of Subregions and Counties -
Percent of Watershed
3 Population of Subregions and Counties -
i/ Total and Municipal
-^"^ /<-« /^f-i.^. £)*-'^i,/, ^ v * f £~ tv/v i; e s
-if- ^ Value Added by Manufacture of Subregions
and Counties - 1947- 1963
-5" v Total Employment
--6" */ Manufacturing Employment
~?" ^ Employment in Mining
6- 7 Employment in Trade and Services
9-/O Emploj'ment in Agriculture
Value and Type of Minez^al Production in
Subregions and Counties
i± f ~£- Value of Agricultural Products Sold
12 ' '* Population Projections for Subregions and
Counties
"±5" ' Projections of Population, Manufacturing
Employment^ and Industrial Activity to
1990 and 2020
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CHAPTER I
GENERAL
C
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In order to project water uss and waste loads for subbasins and
to develop relationships between water use, waste loads, population and
industrial activity, both the past trends and the present conditions
of these factors must be studied. This report is concerned with the
population and economic aspects of the Lake Superior Watershed. The
Watershed has been divided into four subregions in order to facilitate
the study. These subregions consist of four or five counties and range
in size from A,911 square miles to 10,676 square miles. Figure I (Map)
shows the subregions and the counties included within them. Data for
these subregions are utilized in arriving at projections for subbasins
which approximate geographically the subregions.
Basic Concepts
Two concepts used throughout this report which need some
definition or clarification are !'rnunicipal" population and "value added
by manufacture." In order to obtain a suitable measure of population
growth from the standpoint of preventing water pollution, "municipal"
population is considered to be that part of the population presently
or likely to be served by municipal water supply and sewerage systems.
In arriving at a population estimate likely to approximate this
definition both the "urban" population of counties and the population
of incorporated areas within counties were considered. Where a
difference existed the higher of the two figures was utilized and
considered as municipal.
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"Value added by manufacture" is considered by the Bureau of the
Census as "the best value measure available for comparing the relative
economic importance of manufacturing among industries and geographic
areas." It is derived for each manufacturing establishment by subtracting
the cost of raw materials, parts, components, supplies, fuels, goods
purchased for resale, and contract work, from the value of shipments
(including resales) and adjusting for the net change in finished goods
»
- /*
working-process inventory. Value added avoids the duplication in the
value of shipments which results from the use of products of some
establishments as materials by others.
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CHAPTER 2
LAKE SUPERIOR WATERSHED
Population
In I960, approximately 470,000 people lived in the U. S. portion
of the Lake Superior Watershed, More than half of the population of
the Watershed, which includes all or parts of 20 counties, is concentrated
in the two counties which constitute the Duluth-Superior Metropolitan
Area, St. Louis County, Minnesota and Douglas County, Wisconsin. The
major cities of the Watershed are Duluth, Minnesota (106,884), Superior,
Wisconsin (33,563), and Marquette, Michigan (19,824). Of the 470,000
total population in the Watershed about 70 percent is municipal.
The U. S. portion of the Lake Superior Watershed is the eastern
portion of an area called the Upper Midwest. This region's population
has been increasing at less than half the national rate. The major
characteristic of population trends in this area has been the out-
*
migration of people from both rural and urban areas. Net out-rnigration
from the Lake Superior Watershed in the 1950 to I960 period totaled
36,000. Of the 18 counties in the Watershed only two, Marquette County,
Michigan and Lake County, Minnesota, had net in-migration. Of the four
economic subregions in t?ie Watershed two, M-20 and W-8 (See Figure I),
have sustained such severe out-migration that they have undergone actual
declines in population. The other two, M-19 and MINN-1, had moderate
increases in the 1950 to I960 period but neither matched the national
growth rate.
2-1
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Economic Activity
Manufacturing output in the Lake Superior Watershed as measured
by value added by manufacture totaled approximately $200 million in 1958.
In order to place this figure in proper perspective it may be noted that
the City of Lansing, Michigan had a 1958 value added by manufacture total
of almost $250 million. Manufacturing is, nevertheless, the most important
single source of employment in the Watershed. Manufacturing employment
accounted for 27,515 out of a total employment of 177,393 in I960. Mining
was next in importance with employment, of 21,379. Between 1950 and I960
total employment in the Watershed declined by 6,000. During the same
period manufacturing employment also declined by 6,000; mining employment
increased by about 2,000. The primary manufacturing industries in the
Watershed are lumber and wood products, food and kindred products, pulp
and paper products and primary metals.
* *
Of the five manufacturing plants in the Watershed which employ
more than 5CO persons three are in industries considered major water users
and waste producers. Two of these plants are paper mills and the other
a steel mill. In addition, there are a number of smaller plants in the
chemical and food processing industries.
The Lake Superior Watershed accounts for approximately half of the
U. S. iron ore production. An estimated 67 million tons of ore were
shipped from Lake Superior mines in 1965. More than 70 percent of the ore
shipments were in the form of taconite pellets. The change from standard
ores to the use of concentrated pelletized ore has stimulated iron ore
mining activity in the Watershed. Mining is and will continue to be a
2-2
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significant economic factor in the Watershed's economy.
Sales of farm products totaled $24 million in 1959. Livestock and
livestock products were the predominate agricultural product of the
Watershed with sales of $19 million.
Projections
The population of the Lake Superior Watershed is projected to grow
to $80,000 by the year 1990 and to 730,000 by 2020. That portion of the
total considered municipal will increase from its present 330,000 to
610,000 in 2020. Manufacturing output should triple its I960 level by
the year 1990 and grow almost 8 fold by 2020. Due to increases in the
efficient use and reuse of water by industry water demands and waste loads
will increase at a much slower rate. The projections for individual
economic subregions are included in the descriptive narrative statements
which follow this section.
These projections of future growth are based upon analysis of
past trends of growth and on the national and watershed projections of
population and employment provided by the Office of Business Economics of
the Department of Commerce. The future industrial activity growth factors
were derived primarily by applying projected productivity increases to
the employment projections to obtain a factor which gives a projected
future level of industrial output for each subregion. Productivity was
projected to increase at a rate which approximates the long term increase
in output per employee for all manufacturing industries. These industrial
output projections are used with projected water reuse factors to arrive
2-3
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at future levels of industrial water demands and waste loads. Popula-
tion projections are used with per capita water use and waste load factors
to project municipal water demands and waste loads.
2-4
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TABLED.. . -
SUBREG-IOHS FOR ECONOMIC A1IALYSIS
C < > -,. a r\ i c. Land Area in
Subregion No. Counties Square Miles
M-19 Alger^ Chippeua^ Lu.ce, J-krquette,
Michigan 5,248
M-20 Baraga, GogeMc, Houghton,
Kevreenaw^ Ontonagon; Michigan
W-8 Ashland, Bayfield^ Douglas,Iron;
Vilas, Wisconsin
,V
MIN-1 Carlton, Cook, Late, St. Louis,
ML nne 5 ota 10,676
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TABLED .<>_ * .
POPULATION OF SUBREGIONS AND COUNTIES . '
(Percent of Watershed)
1940 - 1950 - I960
"""v / Cl
Subregion
County 194Q % W 1950 %. W. ,1960 %_ _W
M-19
Chippewa 27,80? 5.1 29,206 5.6 32,655 5.9
Luce 7,423 1.4 8,1A7 1.6 7,827 1.4
Alger 10,167 1.9 10,007 1.9 9,250 1.7
Marquette 4Z.144 8.7 47,654 9.1 .,56.154 _ 10.1
92,541 17.1 95,014 18.2 105,886 19.1
M-20
' Houghton 47,631 8.8 39,771 7.6 35,654 6.4
Baraga 9,356 1.7 8,037 1.5 7,151 1.3
Keweenaw 4,004 .7 2,918 .6 2,417 .4
Ontano'gon 11,359 2.1 10,282 2.0 10,584 1.9
Gogebic 31,797 5.9 27,053 5.2 24,370 4.4
104,147 19.2 88,061 16.9 80,176 14.4
W-8
Iron
.Vilas
' Bayfield
Ashland
Douglas
MIN-1
Carlton
St. Louis
Lake
Cook
10,049
8,894
15,82?
21,801
47,119
103,690
24,212
206,912
6,956
3,030
1.9
1.6
2.9
4.0
8.7
19c2
4.5
38.2
' 1.3
.5
8,714
9,363
13,760
19,461
46,715
98,013
24,584
206,062
7,781
2,900
1.7
1.8
2.6
3.7
8.9
18.7
4.7
39.4
1.5
.6
7,830
9,332
11,910
17,375
45,008
91,455
27,932
231,588
13,702
3,377
1.4
1.7
2.1
3.1
8.1
16.5
5.0
41,8
2.5
..6
241,115 44,5 241,327 46.2 276,599 49.9"
Total 541,493 100 522,415 100 554,096 100
NOTE: % ₯ = Percent of Watershed
SOURCE: -U.--S. Census of Population for years shown.
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TABIE. . >, .
ii1 '-' "
POPULATION OF SUBREGIONS AND COUNTIES - TOTAL AND MUNICIPAL
Economic
Comvtjr
M-19
Alger
Chippewa
Luce
Marquette
M-20
Baraga
Gogebic
Houghton
Keeweenaw
Ontonago
W-3
Ashland
Bayfleld
Douglas
Iron
Vilas
MINN-1
Carlton
Cook
Lake
St. Louis
1920
9,933
24,818
6,149
45,786
86,736
7,662
33,225
71,930
6,322
12,428
131,567
24,538
17,201
49,771
10,261
5,649
107,420
19,391
1,841
8,251
206,391
1940
10,167
27,807
7,423
47,144
92,541
9,356
31,797
47,631
4,004
11,359
104,147
21,801
15,827
47,119
10,049
8,894
103,690
24,212
3,030
6,956
206,917
Total
10,007
29,206
8,147
47,654
95,014
8,037
27,053
39,771
2,918
10,282
88,061
19,461
13,760
46,715
8,714
9,363
98,013
24,584
2,900
7,781
306,062
j.7,jw
Municipal
4,339
18,523
2,802
32,636
58,300
3,318
18,319
19,391
360
2,307
43,695
12,468
3,613
38,155
/,473
1,469
60,178
11,594
1,078
4,400
165,885
Total
9,250
32,655
7,827
56,154
105,886
7,151
24,370
35,654
2,417
10,584'
80,176
17,375
11,910
45,008
7,830
' 9,332
91,455
27,932
3,377
13,702
231,588
-1-7UU
Municipal
4,228
19,391
2,612
35,816
62,047
3,388
17,958
16,408
265
2,358
40,377
11,813
3,227
36,666
4,124
1,367
57,197
13,703
1,301
8,705
180,262
235,874 241,115 241,32? 182,957 276,599 203,971
Total 561,597 541,493 522,415 345,130 554,096 363,592
SOURCE: Census of Population for the years shown.
-------
TABLE i.,/,.:
POPULATION DENSITIES OF COUNTIES IN THE
LAKE-SUPERIOR WATERSHED - I960
Economic Persons per
Subregion County Square Mile
M-19
Alger 10.1
Chippewa 20.7
Luce 8.6
Marquette 30.5
M-20
Baraga 7.9
Gogebic 21.9
, Houghton 34.6
Keeweenaw ' . 4.4
Ontonagon 8.0
W-8
Ashland 16.8
Bayfield 8.1
Douglas 34.4
Iron 10.5
Vilas 10.8
MINN-1
Carlton 32.5
Cook 2.4
Lake 6.4
St. Louis 36.9
Lake Superior Watershed Average 21.1
SOURCE: I960 Census of Population.
-------
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-------
TABLE
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
1940, 1950, I960
f- <= <= r\ .
- "s /c.
Subregipn
M-19
M-20
W-8
fit
MIN-1
County
Chippewa
Luce
Alger
Marquette
Hough ton
Baraga
Keweenaw
Ont^nogon
Gogebic
Iron
Vilas
Bayfield
Ashland
Douglas
Carlton
St. Louis
Lake
'Cook
1940
8,464
1,824
2,634
13,716
26,638
11,429
2,024
611
3,064
7,986
25,114
2,524
1,975
4,545
6,072
13,149
28,265
7,182 «
61,017
2,056
826
1950
9,631
1,86?
3,092
15,845
' 30,435
11,416
2,247
733
2,854
8,832
26,082
,
3,080
3,042
4,666
6,363
16,893
34,044
9,259
79,484
2,922
1,022
I960
10,431
1,944
2,677
17,450
32,502
10,387
1,862
727
3,149
7,303
23,428
' 2,503
2,915
3,873
5,664
' 14,526
29,481
9,444
76,818
4,580
1,140
71,081 92,687 91,982
Total 151,098 183,248 177,393
SOURCE: -U.--S. Census of Population for years shown.
-------
TABLE
1
-------
TABLE ^: J: , ,
EMPLOYMENT IN MINING
1940, 1950, I960
f- e- .' ^ ^n\ j C
Subregion
County
M-19
Chippewa
Luce
Alger
Ma'rquette
M-20
Houghton
Baraga
Keweenaw
Ontonagon
Gogebic
W-8-
Iron
vnas
Bayfield
Ashland
Douglas
/v
MIN-1
Carlton
St. Louis
Lake
Cook
1940
7
0
0
3,074
3,081
2,689
9
269
8
2,254
5,229
667
1
1
25
11
705
.
4
4,869
23
0
195.Q
«ii.r»iin.»
92
0
13
3,408
3,513
1,489
15
367
13
2,506
4,390
816
7
1
12
17
853
17
10,286
15
0
I960
. i 4m.. n i .
261
0
8
2,830
3,099
.
1,558
134
268
904
1,993
4,857
803
9
4
30
28
874
35
11,300
1,143
71
4,896 10,318 12,549
Total \ 13,911 19,074 21,379
SOURCE: ~U. S; Census of Population for years shown.
-------
TABLE
Economic
Subregion
M-19
<$>
M-20
W-8
MIN-1
Total
EMPLOYMENT
County
Chippewa
Luce
Alger
Marquette
Houghton
Baraga
Keeweenaw
Ontonagon
Gogebic
Iron
Vilas
Bayfield
Ashland
Douglas
Carlton
St. Louis
Lake
Cook
*
IN TRADE
Retail
Trade
1,26?
206
279
2,048
3,800
1,329
235
46
273
888
2,771
241
530
242
851
2,119
3,983
845
9,370
360
124
10,699
21,207
i-t- -- ' :
AND SERVICES, I1
Wholesale
Trade
227
50
17
603
897
267
28
NA
44
133
472
41"
64
80
159
718
1,062
120
3,463
20
13
3,616
6,047
Services
Total
412
57
56
524
1,049
262
18
13
53 '
182
528
26
191
46
86
' 439
788
. 85
2,613
44
96
2,838
5,203
1,906
313
352
3,175
5,746
1,858
281
59
370
1,203
3,771
308
785
368
1,096
3,276
5,833
1,050
15,446
424
233
17,153
32,444
SOURCE:* Census of Retail Trade, Wholesale Trade and
Selected Services .
-------
TABLED
EMPLOBffiNT IN AGRICULTURE
1940, 1950, I960
Subregion
County
1940
7,830
1950
6,375
Total
20,196
17,135
I960
M-19
Chippewa
Luce
Alger
Marquette
M-20
Houghton
Baraga
Keweenafr
Ontanogon
Gogebic
W-8
Iron
Vilas
Bayfield
Ashland
Douglas
A/
MIN^l
Carlton
St. Louis
Lake
Cook
1,505
152
454
668
2,779
1,393
570
37
895
395
3,290
475
317
2,227
. 1,391
1,887
6,297
2,263
5,287
202
78
1,153
131
530
556
2,370
1,294
545
19
830
341
3,029
361
271
2,025
1,246
1,458
5,361
2,194
3,963
154
64
484
35
251
174
944
480 '
150
4
330
122
1,086
68
134
1,085
535
538
2,360
930
1,217
96
0
2,243
6,633
SOURCE:
-Census of Population for years shown.
-------
TABLE J .v».
VALUE AND TYPE OF MIWS21AL PRODUCTION IH
SUBREGION3 AND COUIITIES, I960
Subrepion
Count;
1-1-19
M-20
W-8
Chippewa
Luce
Alger
Marquette
Houghton
Baraga
Keweenaw
Ontanogon
Gogebic
Iron
Vilas
Ashland
Douglas
l-ttN-l
Carlton
St. Louis
Lake
Cook
4,525.6
28.2
94.1
45,993.9
36,666.7**
353.6
16,452.5
63.1
A-/; '
175.1
256.8
364,507.0
38.4
Minerals Produced in
Order of Valuo
Stone, lime, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
Iron ore, sand and gravel
Copper, sand and gravel, etono
Iron ore, sand and gravel
Iron' ore, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
Sand and gravel, stone, clays
Sand and gravel, peat, claya
Iron ore, cement, sand & gravel,
liine, stone, peat
Sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
NOTE: * -Value of mineral production in Keweenav and Ontanogon Counties
included with Houghton County.
SOURCE: I960 Minerals Yearbook.
-------
777/U£ i?-
VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SOLD
1959
Economic
Sub region County_
M-19
Chippewa
Luce
Alger
Marquette
M-20
Houghton
Baraga
Keweenau?
Ontonagon
Gogebic
₯-8
Iron
Vilas
Bay fie Id
Ashland
Douglas
Minn-1
Carlton
St . Louis
Lake
Cook
Total
Value of
Crops
Sold
$
320,485
90,951
103,205
385,695
900,334
671,355
66,195
1,267
99,547
98,956
937,320
77,118
307,551
428,365
183,979
286,985
1,283,998
383,°229
880,658
22,951
2,888
1,289,726
4,411,378
Value of
Livestock
and
Livestock
Products Sold
$
1,259,302
126,277
717,508
494,953
2,598,040
1,363,753
545,724
12,762
750,885
371,556
3,044,680
*
*
370,300
105,657
2,732,915
1,474,910
2,193,076
6,876,858
3,413,917
3,126,027
102,810
3,209
6,645,963
19,165,541
Total Value
of All Farm
Products Sold
$
1,579,787
217,228
820,711
880,648
3,498,374 '
2,035,108
611,919
14,029
850,432
470,512
3,982,000
447,418
413,208
3,161,280
1,658,889
2,480,061
8,160,856'
3,797,146
4,006,685
125,761
6,097
7,935,689
23,576,919
Source:.' '"Census of Agriculture^- 1959
-------
M-19 - Chippev/a, Luce,, Alger and Marquette
Counties, Michigan
All four of the counties of this subregion border on Lake Superior.
The subregion1s I960 population was 105,836 of which about 60 percent was
municipal. Major cities in the area, and their I960 populations are as
follows: Marquette (19,824), Ishpening (8,857) Sault Ste. Marie (18,722)
and Munising (4,228). Sault Ste.Marie, the site of the Soo Locks is
located on the St. Marys' River at the Canadian border. The population
of the subregion increased by approximately 10,000 between 1950 and I960,
most of the increase taking place in Marquette County. Chippewa County
increased over 3,000 during that'^decade and the other two counties declined
in population.
Manufacturing employment declined in all four counties between
1950 and I960 from a total of 6,465 in I960 to 4,305 in 1950. Major
«
industries in the area include womens apparel, lumber and \rood products,
, ,\ <'*>-
paper and allied products, chemicals, and special industry machirasg.
About half of the manufacturing employment is in Marquette County,
Major mining activities are iron ore, stone and sand and gravel.
Almost $46 million dollars worth of iron ore and sand and gravel were
mined in I960 in Marquette County. Several iron ore pelletizing plants
are in operation and thirteen iron ore mines were producing in the County
in I960. There are extensive docks at Marquette for loading of ore
and coal.
-------
The population of this subregion is expected to increase by
almost fifty percent by the year 1990 and to almost double by the year
2020 with most of the increase taking place in Chippewa and Marquette
counties. Industrial activity is expected to increase more than 10 fold
by 2020.
Mining activity is likely to increase substantially due to
3
developments in the processing of t«jeonite ores.
-------
M-20 - Houghtgn. Baraga, Keeweenaw^ Ontonagon
and Gogebic Counties, Michigan
The I960 population of this subregion was 80,176 of which fifty
percent was municipal. -All five of the counties declined in population
between 1940 and I960 but Ontonagon showed a slight increase from 1950
to I960. There are only three cities in this area. Their I960 populations
were as follows: Ironwood City (10,265), Bessemer City (3,304),
Wakefield City (3,231). All are located in Gogebic County.
Manufacturing employment declined from 5»20? in 1950 to 3,196 in
I960 - declines taking place in all counties. Industrial activity includes
.s
lumber and wood products, pulp and paper products, and primary metal
industries.
Considerable mining activity exists in the area including copper,
iron ore, and sand and gravel. Copper is mined, milled and smelted in
Ontonagon County. Iron ore is mined in Gogebic County. The ore is brought
by rail to docks at Marquette and Esanaba where it is loaded onto lake
ore boats.
The population of this subregion is projected to show only a small
increase by 1990 and only a 20 percent increase by 2020. Industrial
activity is projected to increase to almost 8 times its I960 level by 2020.
-------
/i I/-'-
W-8 - Iron, Vilas, Bayfield, Ashland and Douglas
Counties. Wisconsin
The I960 population of this subregion was 91,455 of which about
63 percent was municipal. All of the counties declined in population
between 1950 and I960. About half of the population is in Douglas
County which includes the City of Superior (33,563). The principal
other city is Ashland (10,132) in Ashland County.
Manufacturing employment has increased slightly in the area - from
4500 in 1950 to 4800 in I960. Mining activity consists primarily of iron
ore but with substantial mining 6f sand and gravel, stone and clays.
Most of the iron ore production in the State of Wisconsin in I960 came
from two mines in Iron County.
Ashland and Superior are major shipping points for the iron ore
which is mined in the nearby Gogebic Range.
Population of this subregion is not likely to increase substantially
during either the I960 - 1990 period or the 1990 - 2020 period. Within
the subregion, however, Douglas County may experience significant grovrth.
Industrial activity is projected to grow to six times its I960 level by
the year 2020.
-------
I I.,
J
MIN-1 - Carlton, St. Louis, Lake and^_Cook
Counties, Minnesota
The I960 population of this subregion (276,599) comprised about
half of the population of the Lake Superior Watershed. St. Louis County
alone accounts for 42 percent of the Watershed's population. All of the
counties showed an increase in population from 1950 to I960. The City
of Duluth (St. Louis County) with a I960 population of 106,884 is the
largest city in the subregion and in the Lake Superior Watershed. Other
major cities are: Virginia City (14,024), Chisholm (7,144), Ely (5,438)
and Eveleth (5,72l)-all in St. Louis County.
Manufacturing employment in this subregion in I960, two-thirds of
which is in St. Louis County, totaled 15,200.
A considerable variety of industry exists' in the area. Major
industries in Carlton County include pulp and paper products, and
petroleum refining. Major industries in St. Louis County include steel
rolling and finishing, food and kindred products and non-electrical
machinery.
The major mining activity is iron ore. The subregion in 1965
supplied almost 40 percent of the total U. S. iron ore demand. There are
several taconite processing plants in the area. Shipments of taconite
ore have increased substantially in the last decade.
The harbor at Duluth-Superior handled 43 million tons of traffic,
/Primarily iron ore, in 1964. This volume makesit one of the leading
ports in the Great Lakes,
-------
-2
Substantial increases in population are expected between I960
and 1990 and between 1990 .and 2020 with most of the increase taking
place in St. Louis County. St. Louis County is expected to almost double
Its I960 population of almost 232,000 to almost 400,000 by 2020. Indus-
trial activity in the subregion is projected to increase almost 8 fold
by 2020.
Mining activity is likely to increase substantially due primarily
to the processing of taconite ores.
-------
CHAPTER 4
SUMMARY OF PROJECTIONS
Table is a summary of population projections, total and
municipal, by.economic subregion and county. Table shows projections
of total manufacturing employment and industrial activity by economic
subregion. The data in these two tables are used along with other
factors in the development of projections of municipal and industrial
water use and waste loads shown in Appendix . *?*.
__ ^'v
v The methodology used in developing the projections is also
described in Appendix .
-------
POPULATION PROJECTIONS OF SUBREGIONS
AND COUNTIES OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR
WATERSHED
1260
1990
2020
Economic
Subregion
M-19
M-20
W-8
MINN-1
TOTAL
County
Alger
Chippewa
Luce
Marquette
Baraga
Gogebic
Houghton
Keeweenaw
Ontonagon
Ashland
Bayfield
Douglas
Iron
Vilas
Carlton
Cook
Lake
St. Louis
Total
9,250
32,655
7,82?
56,154
105,886
7,151
24,370
35,654
2,417
10,584
80,176
17,375
11,910
45,008
7,830
9,332
91,455
27,932
3,377
13,702
231,588
276,599
554,096
Municipal
4,228 8
19,391 46
2,612 7
35,816 84
62
3
17
16
2
40
11
3
36
4
1
57
13
1
&
180
.203
363
,047
,388
,958 ,
,408
265
,358
,377
,813
,227
,666
,124
,367
,197
,703
,301
,705
,262
,971
,592
145
8
26
35
2
13
85
15
10
49
7
9
90
36
4
19
310
370
690
Total
,000
,000
,200
,000
,000
,300
,000
,000
,800
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,800
,000
,000
,000
,000
Municipal
4,000 8
30,000 64
2,900 7
55,000 110
92
4
20
20
3
48
11
3
41
3
2
61
19
2
13
250
280
480
,000
,500
,000
,000
300
,300
,000
,000
,200
,000
,900
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
190
9
29
42
3
16
100
16
12
63
8
9
109
48
6
27
400
480
880
Mai
,800
,000
,800
,000
,000
,700
,000
,000
,500
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,800
,000
,000
,200
,000
,000
,000
,000
Mun
4
44
3
78
130
5
23
25
5
59
13
4
54
4
2
80
28
3
19
360
410
680
icipa.
,400
,000
,100
,000
,000
,800
,000
,000
400
,000
,000
,000
,800
,000
,800
,900
,000
,000
,100
,000
,000
,000
,000
SOURCE: I960 Census of Population; GLIRB Project projections.
-------
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