-------

-------
chemical analysis were collected from 99 sources  discharging at the



time of survey.   The total effluent from these sources was more than



20 thousand gallons per minute (gpm) or 29.k million gallons per  day



(mgd).  The total net acid load discharged to the Little Conemaugh



River was ?6.8 tons per day.



     A description of the mine drainage sources follows. All  mine



site locations in this study area are shown  in Figure 19 following



the source description section.





               LITTLE OOHEM&UGH RIVER, ABOVE SOUTH FORK



Headwaters Area



     Ho coal mine operations vere located along the short reach of the



main stem Little Conemaugh River between the headwater community  of



Cressen and downstream community of Lilly.  However, several mine



drainage discharges were located on an unnamed tributary which enters



the main stem in this headwater area.  The most significant  of these



discharges resulted from Nine Ho. 5061.  At  this site, a 65  gpm efflu-



ent from the base of a slumped drift mine opening discharged an acid



load of 37** Ib/day to the receiving tributary.  The three remaining



discharges (Mine Ho.'s 5060, 5062, 5063) contributed a combined acid



load of 158 Ib/day.  An open shaft mine was  also found in this area;



however, it contributed no discharge.





Burgeon Run, Bear Rock Run



     A total of eight drift openings were located along the  banks of



Burgeon Run.  At the time of inspection, all of these mines  were  dry



and as a result, the tributary was unaffected by mine drainage.   The
                                  226

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pH and conductivity measured near the mouth of Burgoon Run were 6.5 and



310, respectively.



     With the exception of the very headwaters area, vine operations were



distributed throughout the entire Bear Rock Run drainage area.  An active



surface mine was located on Christie Hollow, a tributary to Bear Rock



Run.  Settling ponds had been constructed below this operation; however,



the nine was dry.  In addition to this surface mine, three drift mines



were in operation during the study.  These were the Standard Wo. 1 and



Mo. 2 Mines of the Lilly Mining Company and the mine operated by the



Hew Hope Mining Company.  These mines were small two-four man operations



which employed donkeys for coal car haulage.  All of these mines were dry.



     The most significant source of abandoned mine discharge in the Bear



Rock Run drainage area resulted from Mine Ho. 5058.  At this surface mine,



a  snail tributary (hillside spring) had been diverted through a partially



reclaimed surface mine.  This small tributary carried an acid load of



1^9 Ib/day below the surface mined area near the point where the tribu-



tary entered Bear Rock Run.





Little Ceaenaugh River



     Several discharges from abandoned underground drift mines were



located along the main stem Little Conemaugh River below the coosnnity



of Lilly.  These mines include No.'a 5116, $117, and 5118.  The com-



bined acid load discharged by these mines was ikl Ib/day.



     A series of bore hole discharges were located along the banks of



the Little Conemaugh River in the general vicinity of Portage.
                                 227

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     The first of these bore hole discharges was located along the



north bank of the river at site No.  5H^»  northeast of Portage.  A



total effluent of 1,400 gpm was measured at this site.  The acid



load vas nearly 6 tons per day.



     The second site (Ho. 5115) vas found  along the south bank of



the river just north of Portage.  Two side-by-side bore holes at



this location discharged a combined effluent of 563 gpa.  The acid



load vas 3,783 Ib/day.



     The last bore hole discharges in this area were located along



the north bank of the river about 0.8 mile west of No. 511?.  These



were No.'s 5008 and 5129.  An effluent of  2?8 gpm discharged from



No. 5008.  The effluent comes to the surface via pipe casing which



once carried power lines to the underground mine.  The discharge



from No. 5129 vas 3,?8U gpm.  The acid loads from No.'s 5008 and 5129



were 1,601 Ib/day and 22,70^ Ib/day, respectively.



     All of the bore hole discharges mentioned above were reported



as draining the large abandoned Sonman Mine.  The main portal to this



mine (slope entry) is located on Spring Run.  There was no discharge



at the portal.  The preparation plant associated with the Sonman Mine



was in use by surface mine operators for crushing and screening of



coal before loading into rail cars.  It appears likely that the Sonman



Mine may be interconnected with other shaft and/or slope mines in  the



vicinity of Portage.
                                  228

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Boas Crook
     Four surface mines and eight drift mines were located within the
Bens Creek drainage area.  The only active site was a surface mine in
the upper reaches of the tributary.  The major sources of mine drain-
age discharge were Nine Ho. 's 5119 and $120.  Mine Ho. $119 contributed
an effluent of 10 gpm from the base of the slumped drift opening.  The
acid load was 6O Ib/day.  The effluent at Ho. $120 discharged from a
drainway below several drift mine openings1  The 32 gpm effluent con-
tributed an acid load of 159 Ib/day.

Spring Run
     This small tributary drains an area northeast of the community
of Portage.  Mine Ho.'s $123 and $12U discharged the major portion of
the total acid load received by Spring Ran.  These loads were 119 Ib/day
and 21 Ib/day, respectively.   A small seepage area was also located at
the base of the refute pile from the abandoned Sonman Mine.  This source
(Ho. $069) contributed an acid load of 18  Ib/day.

Trout Run
     The ten square mile drainage area of Trout Run has been mined
extensively in all portions of the watershed below the Portage Reservoir.
There were no coal mine operations above the reservoir.
     A total of three effluents (Ho.'s 506*, 5065, $066) were located
along the base of a surface mine in the upstream area of Trout Run.  The
combined acid load discharged by these sources was 766 Ib/day.  The
major portion ($86 Ib/day) of this lead was contributed by Ho. $06U.
                                 229

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Several other strip mines and drift  mine openings associated with these



surface mines were located in this area; however, they were dry.



     An active drift mine, operated  by the Lonely Coal Company, was  in



operation along the north side of Trout Run.   This  mine  operated in  a



small coal reserve abandoned by prior mining  operations.   There was  no



discharge from the Lonely Mine.



     Mine No. 5159 is an abandoned drift mine driven under the bed of



State Route l6U, which parallels a portion of Trout Run.   There were



two openings to the mine, both of which were  partially open at the



time of inspection.  The airway was  dry; however, a discharge of 62  gpm



was measured at the mouth of the mine portal.  The  acid  load contributed



by Mine No. 5159 was 8C4 Ib/day.



     The large abandoned Miller Shaft Mine is located along the  lower



reaches of Trout Run.  A slope opening to this mine has  been driven



under the bed of State Route l6U. This opening was dry.   A second open-



ing was located in the vicinity of the tipple; however,  it was also  dry.



Approximately 150 yards below the tipple, a bore hole discharged an



artesian effluent of 2,282 gpm.  The acid load carried by this effluent



was more than 5.5 tons per day.  Five separate refuse dumps are  located



along the banks of Trout Run in the  vicinity of the Miller Shaft.  These



waste dumps undoubtedly contributed to the degraded water quality of the



stream.






North Branch



     The Bethlehem No. 33 Slope Mine was the only coal mine operation
                                  230

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located on this tributary to the Little Conemaugh River.   The drainage




from this mine is pumped to a treatment facility on the South Branch



of Blacklick Creek below the community of Revloc.  This discharge is



discussed in the Blacklick Creek Sub-basin report.



     A discharge was sampled near the mouth of North Branch.  However,



a gas well was responsible for this effluent.  The discharge carried a




net alkaline load of 1^9 Ib/day (No. 5113).






Little Conemaugh River



     One of the most extensive coal mine complexes in the entire



Kiskiminetas River basin was located in the community of Wilmore.



This was the Maryland No. 2 Mine of the Berwind White Coal Company.



In addition to the numerous mine buildings, preparation facilities,



etc., a coal fired steam generating plant was associated with the



Maryland mine.  Both main shaft entries to the mine have been sealed.



The only sources of discharge resulted from the waste dumps associated



with the Maryland complex.  Three of these effluents (No.'s 5070, 5l6l,



and 5162) contributed a combined acid load of k6l Ib/day.



     A series of abandoned drift mine openings were located along the



north bank of the Little Conemaugh River in the vicinity of Ehrenfield.



These were Mine No.'s 5108, 5109, and 5112 and discharged acid loads of



2^3 Ib/day, 338 Ib/day, and 2,646 Ib/day, respectively.  A discharge of



882 gpm was measured at Mine No. 5112.



     The active Ehrenfield No. 8 mine operated by the Pennsylvania



Coal and Coke Company, is located at Ehrenfield.  The only discharge



directly attributable to this mine was a four gpm effluent from the
                               231

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air fan.  There are numerous acid discharges in the immediate area;



however, the Commonwealth does not consider Ehrenfield No.  8 respon-



sible for these discharges.  These.other discharges were confined to



mines in coal seams below the active operation.  These included Mine



No.'s 5105, 5106, and 5107 and other discharge points near  the east



end of the community of Ehrenfield.   Mine seals have been constructed



at five discharge points in the immediate Ehrenfield area.   These in-



clude Mine No.'s 5102, 5103, 5110, and No.'s 5105, and 510? mentioned



earlier.



     Stream sampling was conducted on the Little Conemaugh  River Just



above the confluence with the South Fork Little Conemaugh River.  During



the sampling period, (Table 28) the acid load carried by the river ranged



from 22 tons per day to 56 tons per day (Table 29).





                SOUTH FORK LITTLE CONEMAUGH RIVER





Headwaters Area



     The Beaverdale water supply reservoir is located near  the head-



waters of the South Fork Little Conemaugh River.  Coal mine operations



were totally absent in the headwaters area which drain to the reservoir.



     Several surface mines were located on tributaries which drain to



the river below the reservoir.  However, there were no significant



mine effluents discharged to the South Fork Little Conemaugh River



above the community of Beaverdale.




South Fork Little Conemaugh River, Beaverdale to Sidman



     A bore hole discharge of 289 gpm was received by the South Fork in



the community of Beaverdale.  All evidence of the shaft or slope mine



entry has been destroyed.    Considerable amounts of mine refuse






                               232

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are scattered about the immediate area.  The acid load carried by



this effluent (Ho. 5260) was 2,220 Ib/day.



     Mine No.'s 5100 and 5127 discharged significant acid loads



to the South Fork approximately 1.5 miles below Beaverdale.  Mine



Mo. 5100 contributed a discharge of l,kQ& gpm and carried an acid



load of more than 6 tons per day.  The effluent from this mine



drains from the original concrete portal which is still intact.



The effluent from Ho. 5127 represents cumulative seepage from the



large refuse pile associated with Mine Ho. 5100.  The acid load



contributed by the refuse area drainage was 1,176 Ib/day.



     There were no additional mine discharges below Ho.'s 5100 and



5127 and the downstream community of Sidaan.





Otto Run



     Otto Run and its principal tributary, Sulphur Creek, joins the



South Fork Little Conemaugh River in the community of Sidman.  All



sources of mine drainage were located on Sulphur Creek..  However, due



to the severity of these discharges, Otto Run is similarly affected



along its entire downstream length below the confluence with Sulphur



Creek.



     The first sources of mine drainage discharge, Mine Ho.'s



and 51*i2, are located at the very headjwaters of Sulphur Creek.



The combined acid load discharged by these two surface mines was



67 Ib/day.  Several additional surface mines and two slope mine



openings were found in the headwater areas but they were dry.
                               233

-------
     Mine No. 51^0, located in the community of Dunlo,  discharged an



acid load of 4?8 Ib/day to Sulphur Creek.   The portal to this drift



mine was dry; however, a ho gpm effluent was discharged via the air-



way.



     The largest mine discharge on Sulphur Creek was located about




0.5 mile above the confluence with Otto Run.  This effluent (No. 51510



discharged by means of a bore hole on the  north bank of Sulphur Creek.



The measured effluent was 1,730 gpm which  carried an acid load of



6,228 Ib/day.  A local surface mine operator reported this bore hole



drained a series of interconnected shaft and slope mines.  These mines



included the Dunlo, Yellow Creek, and Henrietta Mines.



     Stream sampling was conducted at the  mouth of Otto Run coincident



with the mine drainage inventory in 1968.   During this  period, (Table 28)



Otto Run at the mouth carried an acid load ranging from two to seven



tons per day (Table 29).






South Fork Little Conemaugh River, Sidman  to South. Fork



     Only two other areas of coal mining activity were  located on the



South Fork Little Conemaugh River between  the community of Sidman and



the downstream community of South Fork.



     The St. Michael Shaft Mine was located on a small  unnamed tribu-



tary which enters the South Fork near the  communities of St. Michael



and Creslo.  Both shaft entries to this mine have been  filled.  A



large diameter pipe is located near the shafts on the bank of the



unnamed tributary mentioned above.  The effluent from this bore hole

-------
 pipe was  3,272  gpm which  carried an acid  load of nearly 2U ton* per



 day.  An  additional acid  load of l,UUo Ib/day was coatributed by



 drainage  from the  extensive mine waste dump* associated with the



 St.  Michael Mine.



      A  large mine  refute  dump covering many acres is located along



 the  South Bank  of  the  South Fork just above the confluence with the



 Little  Conemaugh River.  A total of seven drift mine openings were



 located in the  vicinity of the refuse dump.  Three of these mines,



 Ho.'s 5132,  5133 and 513U are situated in such a manner that they



 drain to  the Little Conemaugh River.  Only one of the four remain-



 ing  openings contributed a discharge at the time of inspection.



This was Mine Ho. 5135 with an acid load of k6h Ib/day.



     Mine Ho.'s 5130 and 5131 are located on the north bank of the



South Fork directly across from the large refuse area mentioned



above.  The discharges from these mines are located at the same ele-



vation and separated by approximately 75 yards.   Mine Ho.  5130 con-



tributed an acid load of 9,16^ Ib/day and Mine Ho.  5131 discharged



an alkaline load of 90 Ib/day.



     Stream sampling was conducted near the mouth of South Fork



Conemaugh River coincident with the mine drainage source investi-



gation  (Table 28).   During this period, the acid load carried by



the river ranged from a minimum of 37 tons per day to a  maximum of



6h tons per day (Table 29).   Other mine draiaage parameters were



also excessive.
                               235

-------
              LITTLE OONEMAUGH RIVER BELOW SOUTH KIRK






Little Conemaugh River,  South Fork to Mineral Point



     The first mine discharges located on the south bank of the



Little Conemaugh River below the community of South Fork were  from



Mine No.'s 5132, 5133 and 513^ mentioned in the preceeding section.



These are all drift mines and contributed a total  acid load of




661 Ib/day.



     A contour surface mine, approximately 2.5 miles  in length,  is



located along the south  bank of the river just downstream of the



community of South Fork.  Multiple coal seams have been mined  along



approximately one-half of the total length of this surface mine.  The



only point sources of drainage occurred from the base of the  spoil



piles.  This discharge (No. 508U) contributed an acid load of  110 Ib/day



to Bear Run.  This tributary intersects the mined  area and is  diverted



across several hundred yards of disturbed area. At the point  where



Bear Run leaves the surface mine it carried an acid load of 219 Ib/day.



The sample of Bear Run (No. 5085) was collected above the point where



the spoil pile drainage  (No, 508U) enters the tributary.



     A second large surface mine is located on the north bank of the



Little Conemaugh River below the community of South Fork.  Three dis-



charges, representing cumulative seepage, were collected at the base



of the strip mine spoil piles.  The total acid load from these sources




(No.'s 5089, 5090 and 5091) was 162 Ib/day.






Saltlick Run




     Saltlick Run drains an area of 11.U square miles and enters the
                               236

-------
Little Conemaugh River in the small community of Mineral Boint.  A



total of three underground mine discharges were located in the Salt-



lick drainage area.  These were Mine No.'s 5Q9a, 5093 and 509U.  The



acid load contributed by these discharges were 1,197 Ib/day, 135 lb/day,



and ^96 lb/day, respectively.



     Saltlick Reservoir is located near the lower end of the tribu-



tary.  This reservoir is privately owned and is used as a source of



industrial water supply for the steel mills in Johnstown.  In order




to prevent drainage inflow to the reservoir from the three sources



listed above, the mine effluents are diverted around both sides of



the reservoir and finally discharged to Saltlick Run below the reser-



voir.






Little Conemaugh River, Mineral Bpint to Johnstown



     An abandoned drift mine and a large mine refuse dump are located




on the north bank of the river just west of Saltlick Reservoir.  Drifl



Mine No. 5087 discharged an alkaline effluent of 7 lb/day and the refuse



area discharged an effluent which carried an acid load of 3»HO lb/day.



     The active Brookdale No. 77 Mine of Bethlehem Mines Corporation



is situated on the north bank of the river in the same area described



above.  At the time of inspection (August 1968), the Brookdale Mine



discharged an acid load of l,Ul5 lb/day directly to the Little Cone-



maugh River,  Treatment facilities have since been installed at this



mine.  According to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Re-



sources, the treatment is adequate and results in an alkaline discharge



with an iron concentration less than 7 mg/1.
                               237

-------
     Four significant mine discharges were located across from the



Brookdale Mine on the opposite bank of the river.  Each discharge



drains from the same area which has been mined by both surface and



underground methods.  Three of the effluents (Ho.'s 5096, 5097 and



5099) emanate from the bases of partially open drift mines.  The



acid loads from these sources were 950 Ib/day, 3**7 Ib/day and



535 Ib/day, respectively.  The fourth discharge (Ho. 5098) was



collected below the surface mined area.  The acid load from this



source was 370 Ib/day.



     Mine Ho. 5095 was the last downstream site draining directly



to the south side of the Little Conemaugh River.  The point of dis-



charge probably represents an area where underground nine workings



have broken through to the surface.  The discharge was 60 gpm and



carried an acid load of k07 Ib/day.



     Clapboard Run joins the Little Conemaugh River approximately



0.3 miles above (upstream) of the USGS gaging station at last Cone-



maugh.  Mine Ho. 's 5256 and 5257 were the only mine operations on



Clapboard Run.  A total of four openings were located in the imme-



diate area; however, only two were discharging.  Both discharging



openings appeared to have been sealed at one time.  The acid loads



discharged by Ho.'s 5256 and 5257 were 1,530 Ib/day and 1,818 Ib/day,



respectively.
                               238

-------
             LLGEND
            ABANDONED GAS  WCLL
            JMDtRGROUND MINE
            SAMPLING  POINT LOCATION
            MINt RFFUSE
            STR'P MJNE
        FIGURE  (9
UTTLE  CONEMAUOH  RIVER
    MINE  LOCATION MAP

-------
     During the course of the field study, strewn sampling was con-



ducted on the Little Conemaugh River at the USGS gage in East Cone-



•aufh.  This stream station is below all mine drainage inflow located



in the Little Conemaugh River study area.  l>uring the sampling period




(Table 28) the river carried an acid load ranging from U8.5 tons per



day to 98.5 ton* per day (Table 29).  Other mine drainage related



parameters were also excessive.





     A total of 99 discharging sources and approximately 1,UOO acres



of surface mined area were investigated during this study.  Table 30



presents an area breakdown in terms of total flow and total loading




(ib/day) of polluting constituents discharged to receiving streams



of the Little Conemaugh River.  Table 31 presents a summary of flow



volumes and chemical loadings by source type for the 99 discharging



sources located during the study.






                        POLLUTION ABATEMENT
     As shown in Table 31, abandoned shaft mines were the principal



pollution sources In the Little Conemaugh River.  The total acid



load discharged from these shaft or slope mine sources was 109,^51



Ib/day.  Abandoned drift mines were the secondary major source type



and discharged an acid load of 32,085 Ib/day.



     Seven of the largest mine < ffluents were responsible for a



large portion of the total acid load discharged by all sources in



the Little Conemaugh River.  These seven abandoned sources include

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five shaft or slope mines and tvo drift mines.   The combined acid




load discharged by these sources was 121,3kk Ib/day, about 80 percent



of the total source acid load.



     Any initial consideration of a mine drainage abatement program



in the Little Conemaugh River should include the seven sources men-




tioned above.  Irrespective of hydrologic conditions, these sites



would be expected to contribute significant acid discharges.  De-



tailed engineering studies and mine effluent  sampling conducted



during an entire water year would more accurately characterize the



relative pollution contribution of each source.   Due to the magni-



tude of each discharge, it would be expected that, even when con-



sidered over a longer time period, each site would remain a major



contributor.  However, long term repetitive water quality deter-



minations may necessitate the consideration of additional sources



located elsewhere in this basin.



     The seven principal sources (listed in Table 32) located during



this initial survey provide a relative indication as to where the



major mine drainage problems occur in the study area.  Until such a



time when additional study can provide a more detailed assessment



of the problem, these seven sources can effectively serve as the first



phase or priority in a program of drainage source abatement in the



Little Conemaugh Biver.  Once drainage control has been established



at the principal source sites, the abatement program could be ex-



panded to include additional significant discharge points.
                               2U3

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     The following is a description of the seven principal sources



Mentioned above.  A listing of these sources is shown in Table 32*



The location of these nine sites are shown in Figure 20.
                                   SOURC1S



Mine No. $083



     The acid load of nearly 2k tons per day discharged by the



St. Michael Shaft Mine was the largest load encountered in the



entire Kiskiminetas River basin.  The abandoned nine is located



on a small unnamed tributary which Joins the South Fork Little



Conemaugh River near the communities of St. Michael and Creslo.



The two shaft entries to the mine have been sealed.  A large



diameter pipe is situated on the bank of the unnamed tributary



mentioned above.  The measured effluent discharged from this bore



hole pipe at the time of survey was 3,272 gpm.  Two large refuse



piles are also associated with the mine and contributed a highly



Mineralized effluent to the same small unnamed tributary.





Mine Ho. 5100



     Mine No. 3100 is located adjacent to Route 869 in the small



community of Allendale.  The 1,1*08 gpm effluent drained from the



original concrete mine portal.  This portal is still intact for



some distance into the hillside.  The drainage is piped under the



road bed and empties to the South Fork Conemaugh River.  The acid



load was 12,33** Ib/day.
                               2U5
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                 LEGEND
           S   ABANDONED  GAS WELL
           —'   UNDERGROUND MINE
           •   SAMPLING POINT LOCATION
          ^/^  MINE REFUSE
          C^>  STRIP MINE
            FIGURE 20
    UTTLE  CONEMAUGH RIVER
PRINCIPAL SOURCE  LOCATION MAP
-------
Mine No.
     The 1UOO gpm effluent measured at this mine site (borehole) is




reported to result from the abandoned Sonman Mine.   At the time of




sampling, the acid load contributed by No. 511^ was 11,8UU Ib/day.




No additional information was obtained concerning this major dis-




charge point.






Mine No. 3129




     This mine discharge point vas another borehole from the Son-




man Mine.  The borehole may act as a common discharge point for




other underground mines interconnected with the Sonman workings.




The effluent measured at this site was 3,?8U gpm which carried an




acid load of 22,70H Ib/day.  A second discharge is located adjacent




to No. 5129.  The second discharge point (No. 5008) is an artesian




effluent from the pipe casing hole which once carried power lines




to the underground mine.  The acid load from No. 5008 was 1,601 Ib/day.






Mine No. 5130




     This drift mine was developed along the bank of the South Fork




Conemaugh River just a few feet above the level of the river.   There




is no direct access to the discharge point.  It is located along the




upstream end of the railyard situated on the South Fork Conemaugh




River.  A hillside slump is all that remains of the original opening.




The 1,039 gpm effluent is piped under the numerous rail lines and




discharges directly to the South Fork.  The acid load was 9,l6U Ib/day.
                             2U9
-------
Mine No.
     This mine was primarily responsible for the degraded water



quality found at the mouth of Otto Run, a tributary to the South



Fork Conemaugh JUver.  The discharge point is actually a borehole



loca ed in the east bank of Sulphur Creek which is, in turn, a



tributary to Otto Run.  The effluent was 1,730 gpm and carried an



acid load of 6,228 Ib/day.  A local surface mine operator reported



this borehole drained a series of interconnected shaft or slope



mines.  These mines included the Dunlo, Yellow Creek, and Henrietta



Mines.






Mine No. 5290



     The abandoned Miller Shaft Mine, located on the lower portion



of Trout Run, discharged an acid load of 11,36U Ib/day.  The dis-



charge point is located approximately 150 yards below (downstream)



the tipple.  At least two additional openings were located at the



tipple site; however, both openings are sealed and dry.  The bore-



hole discharged an artesian effluent of 2,282 gpm.
                               250
-------
      STONY CREEK
MINE DRAINAGE INVENTORY
         251
-------
                         STONY CREEK



                   SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS





1.   Stony Creek drains  an area of U66  square miles in Somerset



    and Cambria Counties.  Stony Creek and  its principal tribu-



    taries are affected in varying  degrees  by coal mine discharges



    over nearly their entire lengths.  The  drainage areas of Stony



    Creek below the community of Stoystown, Shade Creek, and faint



    Creek are the portions of the watershed most seriously affected



    by coal mine discharges. Although Quemahoning Creek is affected



    by coal mine discharges, the -water quality degradation is not as



    severe as in the other principal tributaries.





2.   A total of 199 discharging  sources and  approximately 5,700 acres



    of surface mined land were  investigated in the study area.  Dis-



    charges from coal mine sources  ranged from one to 2,6*99 CP» and



    totalled 23.7 million gallons per  day (mgd).  The total net



    acid load discharged by  the l6l sources was  97,310  Ib/day.





3.   Approximately UO coal mines were in  operation throughout the



    Stony Creek watershed at the time  of study.  A total of eleven



    mine effluents were sampled at  the active sites.  The acid



    load contributed by these sources  was 6,^30  Ib/day.  Treatment



    facilities have since been  installed at several of  the active



    mine effluents.
                             258
-------
U.  Abandoned drift mines were the major source of mine drainage



    in the Stony Creek watershed.  Shaft mines and mine refuse



    piles were also major contributors.  These three source types



    contributed a combined acid load of 8U,lU5 Ib/day, about 86



    percent of the total source acid load discharged by all 199



    sources.






5.  A total of thirteen principal sources of mine drainage dis-



    charge were located in the study area.  These sources include



    ten drift mines, two shaft mines, and one mine refuse pile.



    These 13 sources discharged a total net acid load of 6l,?6l



    Ib/day.  This represents 63 percent of the total acid load



    discharged by all 199 sources throughout the Stony Creek water-



    shed.






                     DESCRIPTION OF AREA.



     Stony Creek drains an area of U66 square miles located in



Somerset and Cambria Counties.  Stony Creek and the Little Cone-



maugh River join at Johnstown to form the Conemaugh River.



     The headwaters of Stony Creek rise near the community of



Berlin and flow generally north to Johnstown.  Principal tribu-



taries and their drainage areas are Quemahoning Creek (93.8 square



miles), Shade Creek (98.^ square miles), and Paint Creek (37.0



square miles).






                    STREAM iftTER QUALITY



     Stony Creek and its three principal tributaries are affected




in varying degree by coal mine discharges over nearly their entire
                            253
-------
lengths.  The water quality of Shade Creek and Paint Creek is



seriously degraded by mine discharges in nearly all portions of



the drainage area.  The distribution of the pollutant discharges



are such that natural downstream recovery becomes impossible and



the acid condition persists at the mouth of the tributaries.



     Quemahoning Creek above Sipesville was unaffected by nine



drainage.  Below this point the stream receives numerous pollu-



tant discharges.  Although Quemahoning Creek is degraded as a



result of mine drainage, it is the least affected portion of the



Stony Creek watershed.  A large privately owned reservoir is



located near the mouth of the creek which, after treatment, is



used for industrial water supply.



     The main stem of Stony Creek is seriously degraded by nine



drainage.  This is particularly evident in the lower half of the



watershed.  Above Stoystown, the water quality of Stony Creek



improves rapidly.  Although numerous discharge points are located



above Stoystown, the cumulative effect is limited to localized



areas of degraded water quality.  The upper area of the watershed



contains several streams which support varied forms of aquatic



life including stocked trout.



     During the course of the field study, several stream locations



were sampled for chemical analysis (Table 33» Figure 21).  These



stations were selected to measure the cumulative effects of mine



drainage.  A summary of the stream data is presented in Table  3^.
-------
Station
Number
                                    Table 33

                     Stream water quality sampling stations

                             Stony Creek Watershed
  Sampling Period
Stream
  Location
5379

5381

5382


5383

5384


5385

5386

5475

5552

5553
Aug., Sept., Nov., 1968

Aug., Sept., Nov., 1958

Aug., Oct.,  Nov., 1968


Aug., Oct.,  Nov., 1958

Aug., Oct.,  Nov., 1968


Aug., Oct.,  Nov., 1968

Aug., Sept., Nov., 1968

Aug., Oct.,  Nov., 1968

Sept., Oct., Nov. 1968

Sept., Oct., Nov. 1968
Paint Creek

Shade Creek

Stony Creek


Quemahoning Creek

Unnamed trib. to
Stony Creek

Solomon Run

Quemahoning Creek

Unnamed trib. to
Stony Creek
Oven Run

Stony Creek
Near mouth

Near mouth

USGS gate @
Riverside

Near mouth

Near mouth


Near mouth

Above reservoir

Near mouth

Near mouth

At Stoystown
                                     255
-------
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-------
     The sources of pollution inventoried in the Stony Creek sub-



basin were limited to those sources emanating from active or



abandoned coal mining operations.   No attempts were made to docu-



ment pollutional discharges of a different source type.  Although



mine drainage is the major source of pollution in the streams of



the Kiskiminetas River basin, pollution problems from sources other



than mine drainage do exist.  The effects upon the water quality



of the Conemaugh River, Little Conemaugh River, and Stony Creek



from steel mill and other industrial discharges were not docu-



mented.  During the course of the field study, discharges from



such sources were located along the banks of the above mentioned



streams.  This was particularly evident in the Johnstown and nearby



community areas.





                  SOURCES OF MINE DRAINAGE




     For description of the mine drainage sources located in the



Stony Creek watershed, the following section of this document is



divided into four separate parts.  These include main stem Stony



Creek, Quemahoning Creek, Shade Creek, and Paint Creek.  All mine



sites inventoried in the Stony Creek watershed are shown in Figure



22, following the source description section.



     During early fall of 1971, a reinvestigation of the mine



drainage sources was conducted in the Shade Creek watershed.  The



purpose of this reinvestigation was an attempt to locate sources



of mine drainage discharge which were not documented in this
                             258
-------
watershed during the initial survey.  In preparation of the Shade




Creek portion of the Stony Creek report, it was determined that an



insufficient number of sources had been found in the headwater



areas of Shade Creek.  In particular, the water quality of Dark



Shade Creek in the vicinity of Central City was degraded to a



degree which far exceeded the number of mine discharges inventoried



in that area.  The reinvestigation effort was primarily centered



around the Central City area.



     A total of twelve additional mine discharges were located in



the Central City area.'  These sources contributed a combined acid



load exceeding 6.5 tons per day.  Approximately one-half of this



acid load was discharged by the large drainway north of Central



City (see text).  Discharge No.'s 5206 thru 5217 represent the



additional sources sampled during the 1971 reinvestigation of



Shade Creek.






                         STONY CREEK



Headwater Area



     Mine No. 5513 >»s the farthest upstream source of mine drain-



age discharge in the Stony Creek watershed.  An effluent of 15 gpm



discharged from the slope opening of this mine.  The acid load re-



ceived by the headwaters of Stony Creek was 175 Ib/day.



     In downstream order, the next mine discharges were located



on Reitz Creek.  Mine No.'s 5511 and 5512 discharged a combined



acid load of 267 Ib/day.  Mine No. 5511 was a caved drift mine



and Mine No. 5512 was a drift mine which had been intersected by



a surface mine.
                            259
-------
Glades Creek



     Glades Creek drains a portion of the watershed which parallels



the Pennsylvania Turnpike.  Several surface and underground mines



have been operative immediately adjacent to the turnpike.   At the




time of survey, two drift mines were in operation.   One of these



was the Burk Coal Company on the south side of the  turnpike.  The



mine was dry when inventoried and has since been abandoned and



sealed.  The second mine was operated by Everett Snyder.  This mine



is still in operation and reportedly dry.






Rhoads Creek



     Two discharges (No.'s 5527 and 5528) contributed a combined



acid load of 231 Ib/day to Boone Run, a tributary to Rhoads Creek.



The source of these discharges was an abandoned slope mine.  Sev-



eral additional minor sources of acid discharge were located on



Rhoads Creek and tributaries to Rhoads Creek.  Two  surface mines



were in operation at the time of survey.  One of these operations



was dry and the other mine contributed an acid load of 127 Ib/day



(Mine No. 552U).






Schrock Run



     In the U.9 square mile drainage area of Schrock Run, a



total of four discharging mine sites were located.   Additional




underground and surface mines were inventoried in the Schrock



Run area; however, they were dry.  Mine No. 5516 contributed the



major portion of the mine drainage discharge received by Schrock



Run.  Mine No. 5516 is a small reclaimed area strip mine.  A
                             260
-------
60 gpm effluent representing cumulative seepage along the base of



the disturbed area carried an acid load of 2^0 Ib/day.  Two sur-




face mines were in operation during the survey period and both



vere dry.






Grove Run



     A small hilltop area surface mine is located along the north



bank of Grove Run in the headwater area.  The mine is dry; however,



about UO feet below the disturbed area a 36 gpm artesian effluent




discharged to Grove Run.  The acid load carried by this discharge



was 3^6 Ib/day.






Lamberts Run



     The total acid load discharged to the 3.9 square mile drain-



age area of Lamberts Run was fkj Ib/day.  Mine No. 5520 is a



stripped out drift mine.  The major portion of the 63 gpm efflu-



ent measured at this site emanated from the area near the ori-



ginal mine portal.  The acid load carried to Lamberts Run was



193 Ib/day.  A similar effluent from Mine No. 5521 discharged an



acid load of 3l6 Ib/day.  The last discharge found in the Lamberts



Run area resulted from an active surface mine.  Settling ponds had



been constructed at this mine; however, no treatment was supplied.



The acid load was 238 Ib/day (Mine No. 5522).






Wells Creek



     Mine No. 5^27 was located near the headwaters of Wells Creek.



There are two openings to the mine and both were discharging at
                             261
-------
the time of inspection.  The combined effluent was 225 fpm which



carried an acid load of 1,215 Ib/day.



     Two underground mine discharges (No.'s 5k2k and 5^25) were



located along Wells Creek near the small community of Wells



Creek.  The 222 gpm effluent from Mine No. 5**2U discharged from



a mine which, according to a local resident, was in operation in



1895.  The acid load-carried by this discharge was WtO Ib/day.



Mine No. 5^425 was a more recent underground mine which reportedly



intersected the workings of Mine No. 5k2k.  The acid load dis-



charged by Mine No. 5^25 was 955'Ib/day.



     Several additional underground mines and several surface



mines were located in the remaining downstream areas of Wells



Creek.  However, these mines were either dry or discharged only



minor acid loads





Stony Creek, main stem



     Several surface and underground mine operations were located



along the main stem of Stony Creek between Wells Creek and the



downstream confluence of Beaverdam Creek.  The only source of



abandoned mine discharge resulted from Mine No. 5k8k.  A 27 gpn



discharge from the base of this  slumped drift opening carried an



acid load of 199 Ib/day to Stony Creek.  At the time of survey, the



only other source of mine discharge resulted from an active surface



mine operation.  The mine was located alon& the east bank of Stony



Creek (No. 5509), and contributed an acid load of 19 Ib/day.
                             262
-------
Beaverdam Creek



     The water quality in the 19 square mile drainage area of



Beaverdam Creek is only moderately affected by mine drainage



discharges.  The two discharging sources were both located near



the mouth of the tributary and contributed a combined acid load




of 259 Ib/day.



     The 36? gpm discharge from Mine No. 555^ results from the



abandoned Reading No. 3 Mine.  This effluent emerged from the



airway of the mine.  The acid load was only 66 Ib/day; however,



the discharge imparted some discoloration to Beaverdam Creek.



     Mine No. 5508 was the only other source of mine discharge



on this tributary.  An acid load of 193 Ib/day was carried by



the 95 gpm effluent from this abandoned drift mine.






Stony Creek, main stem - Beaverdam Creek to Oven Run



     Mine No. fs 5^2 and 5*4-83 are located on the east bank of



Stony Creek near the community of Kantner.  Both mine openings



are located in an area of coal loading facilities approximately



50 yards downstream from the junction of Route 30 and County Road



5^6.  The area in front of the openings was used for storage of



iJunk cars.  The combined acid load discharged by these mines was



111 Ib/day.



     Mine 5561 is located along the east bank of Stony Creek ap-



proximately 0.7 mile downstream of the two mines mentioned above.



There were several drift openings in the immediate area; however,
                             263
-------
only Mine No. 5561 had a significant discharge.   The effluent was



2k gpm which carried an acid load of 173 Ib/day.



     A series of drift mine discharges were located along the east



bank hillside downstream of Mine No. 55&1.  These mines included



No.'s 5U8l, 5^85, and 5^6.  The discharges measured at No.'s 5^5



and 5^36 drained from the portal and airway to a small semi-active



drift mine.  The mine had been closed for failure to provide treat-



ment of the drainage; however, there were numerous loaded mine cars



in front of the portal.  The combined acid load discharged by No.'s




51*85 and 5U86 was lJ+3 Ib/day.






Oven Run



     Although only four sources of mine drainage discharge were



located in the seven square mile drainage area of Oven Run, the



water quality of the small tributary was seriously affected by



coal mine drainage.  Cumulative seepage from the base of a re-



claimed surface mine was responsible for the major portion of the



acid load discharged to Oven Run.  This was Mine No, 5^79 and con-



tributed an acid load of 353 Ib/day.  Several surface mines were in



operation but were dry at inspection.  The active underground Solar



No. 2 and No. 3 Mines operated in the Oven Run drainage area, but



were dry at inspection.  A third drift mine was operated by the



Shubert and Kraylick Coal Company.  The mine was dry at inspection



and since that date has been closed.



     Stream sampling was conducted at the mouth of Oven Run coin-



cident with the mine inventory survey.  At this time, Oven Run at



the mouth, carried an acid load ranging from 1500 Ib/day to 2200



Ib/day (Table 3^, Station No. 5552).




                            26U
-------
Stony Creek, main stem - Oven Run to Fallen Timber Run



     Five surface mines and at least 10 underground mine openings



were located on a small unnamed tributary to Stony Creek which



joins the main stem approximately 0.7 mile below Oven Run.   The



major source of mine drainage discharge in this area resulted



from Mine No. 5^77.  This mine is located at the headwaters of



the tributary and discharged an acid load of ^37 Ib/day.  The re-



maining mine operations were either dry or contributed only neg-




ligible acid discharges.



     A large refuse pile from the old underground Wilber Mine is



located on the east bank of Stony Creek just below the mouth of



the unnamed tributary mentioned above.  The principal portion of



the Wilber Mine discharge (lUl gpm) was piped under Route 53 to



the preparation facility of the Solar Fuel Company.  A portion of



this discharge was lime treated by Solar Fuel Company for use in



their facility.  The pre-treatment acid load in this effluent



(No. 5**6U) was 1,2UU Ib/day.  A second untreated discharge of 8 gpm



also discharged from the Wilber Mine.  This was discharge No.  5^65



which carried an acid load of 69 Ib/day.  According to a salvage



operator at the Wilber Mine, who once "pulled pillars" in the Wil-



ber Mine, the entire discharge from the mine was at one time piped



under Route 53.  However, due to a roof fall within the mine, a



portion of the discharge is diverted and is not piped under the



road bed.  A third discharge (No. 5^71) was attributed to seepage



from the refuse pile at the Wilber site.  Although the cumulative
                            265
-------
seepage totalled only 3 gpm, the acidity concentration was 25,000 mg/1




with a resultant acid load of 900 Ib/day.




     Ten drift mine openings were also located along the west bank




hills adjacent to this section of Stony Creek.  However, all of




these mines were dry.






Fallen Timber Run




     Two surface mines and two underground mines were located in




the 2.5 square mile drainage area of Fallen Timber Run.  All of




these operations were abandoned and dry.  However, small seepage




increments from the surface mines contributed an undetermined




amount of mine drainage to Fallen Timber Run.






Stony Creek, main stem - Hooversville to Hollsopple




     An unnamed tributary, which drains the area north and east




of Hooversville, was grossly polluted by acid mine drainage.




Mine No. 5^57 was the first of three major discharges located on




this tributary.  The 120 gpm effluent from Mine No. 5^57 resulted




from a point of intersection between a surface and underground mine.




The underground mine was reportedly the Baker Whitely No. 2 Mine.




The acid load carried by the discharge was 6U8 Ib/day.




     Mine No. 5^56 is located on the opposite bank of the tribu-




tary just a short distance downstream from Mine No. 5^57.  The 215




gpm discharge at this site emerged from the base of a slumped drain-




way adjacent to  a  large abandoned mine tipple.  This discharge




drains from the Whitely No. 1 Mine.  The original portal to this
                              266
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mine  is located a short distance downstream of the tipple but was



bricked shut and dry.



     The third major discharge on this tributary resulted from



the Knickerbocker No. 1 mine located near the mouth of the tribu-



tary.  This was Mine No. 5^55 which discharged an effluent of 180



gpm from the still open drift mouth.



     An acitive drift mine was in operation near the headwaters of



this tributary.  This was the George Hritz Mine which is located



in the base of a strip mine high wall.  A minimal amount of seep-



age {l gpm) was observed at the time of inspection.  However, this



seepage appeared to result more from the strip mine than from the



underground mine.  The mine is still active and reportedly dry.





     Stream sampling was conducted at the mouth of this unnamed



tributary coincident with the mine inventory survey.  During this



period, the tributary at mouth carried an acid load ranging from



1,700 Ib/day to 2,000 Ib/day (Table 33, Station No. 538U).





     Mine No. 5^66 is located on another unnamed tributary to



Stony Creek.  The acid load discharged by this mine was 3*
-------
     Five additional discharging mines were located in the area



downstream of the above mentioueu mines.  Three of these were in



the vicinity of Blough, one at Landstreet, and one near Hollsopple.



However, none of these mines contributed significant acid loads to



Stony Creek.





Stony Creek, main stem - Hollsopple to mouth of Shade Creek



     The only major source of mine drainage discharge along this



section of Stony Creek resulted from Mine No. 5504.  This drift



mine is located at the tip of a one mile contour surface mine.



The surface mine has not intersected the drift mine portal; how-



ever, it has probably created points of intersection between the



two operations along a>he face of the hill.  The discharge measured



at the mine opening was 270 gpm which carried an acid load of 1,037



Ib/day.





Stony Creek, main stem - Shade Creek to Rdnt Creek



     Mine No. 5502 is located along the east bank of Stony Creek



just below the confluence of Shade Creek.  A series of three drift



mines were located along the face of the hillside.  Two were dry



and the other contributed a discharge of U20 gpm which carried an



acid load of 3,830 Ib/day.



     Downstream of Mine No. 5502 a contour surface mine was located



on an unnamed tributary to Stony Creek.  Although there were no



direct discharges emanating from the surface mine, the tributary
                             268
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was affected by cumulative seepage which occurred at the base of



the disturbed area.  A sample collected below the mine indicated



that the tributary carried an acid load of 256 Ib/day (No. 5503).



     On the west bank of Stony Creek, two mine openings were lo-



cated on the steep hill slope several hundred feet above the



stream.  The openings apparently represent points where the under-



ground mine broke through to the surface.  The 130 gpm effluent



(No. 5*<-2l) spreads over a wide area destroying all trees and veg-



etation as the drainage cascades down the hillside.  The acid load



contributed by this source was 87^ Ib/day.



     Mine No. 5501, located on the east bank, is similar to Mine



No. 5U21 mentioned above.  Mine No. 5501 is located on the hill-



side approximately 200 vertical feet above stream level.  The



acid load carried by the 90 gpm effluent was 386 Ib/day.



     A small dam is located on Stony Creek approximately 1.5 miles



above the confluence with Baint Creek.  At this site, water is with-



drawn from Stony Creek and subjected to lime neutralization.  The



treated water is then piped via large culverts through the surround-



ing hillsides for industrial use in Johnstown.





Stony Creek| main stem - Baint Creek to Bens Creek



     The first acid load discharged to Stony Creek below the con-



fluence of Paint Creek emanated from one of the several tunnels



which carries water from the various areas of the Stony Creek



watershed to the steel mills in Johnstown.
                            269
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     Source No. 5^20 is located on the west bank of Stony Creek



less than one mile below the confluence of Paint Creek.   Entrance



to the tunnel is prohibited by an iron gate.  At the base of the



gate an iron discolored discharge of 10 gpm was sampled.   The



acid load of this effluent was 26 Ib/day.



     Several underground mine discharges were located on an un-



named tributary which enters Stony Creek at Ingleside.  Mine



No.'s 53W* and 53^6 discharged acid loads of l6l Ib/day and 359



Ib/day, respectively.



     Three additional drift mine discharges (Mine No.'s 53^1, 53^2,



53^3) were located on the next unnamed downstream tributary to



Stony Creek.  The combined acid load of these discharges was



1,1^7 Ib/day.



     An active drift mine operated by the J & R Sales Coal Company



(formerly East Windber Coal Company) was locate 1 on the West bank



of Stony Creek directly across from the three mines mentioned above.



At the time of inventory, this mine (No. 5^22) contributed an un-



treated effluent which carried an acid load of 590 Ib/day.  At the



present time, this mine now provides treatment of its mine discharge.



     An acid load of 2,398 Ib/day was discharged to Stony Creek by



an abandoned mine opening located just downstream and on the bank



opposite from the large refuse pile operated by the Island Creek



Coal Company (formerly the Bird Coal Company).  The measured efflu-



ent from this mine (No. 5338) was 120 gpm.
                             270
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     A discharge of 75 gpm from the abandoned Bird Coal No.  1 Mine



on Soap Hollow was one of two remaining discharges along the Paint



Creek to Bens Creek section of Stony Creek.  At the time of sampling,



the acid load from Mine No. 5^13 was 315 Ib/day.  Approximately O.U



mile downstream, an effluent of 1,309 gpm from the active Bird No. 2



Mine was discharged to Soap Hollow.  At the time of sampling, this



discharge carried an acid load of U,63^ Ib/day.  However, according



to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, this mine now



provides adequate treatment of its mine drainage.





Bens Creek



     The major portion of the mine drainage discharged to the Bens



Creek watershed is received by the South Fork of the tributary.  A



total of eight discharges were located near the headwaters of the



South Fork just north of the community of Jerome.  All of the dis-



charges emanated from abandoned sites.  The total acid load dis-



charged by the eight sources was 3,527 Ib/day.  Mine No.'s 5^07



and 5^H> abandoned drift mines, contributed the major portion of



this acid load.  The acid loads were 909 Ib/day and 2,231 Ib/day,



respectively.



     The only other source of mine drainage discharge located in



the Bens Creek watershed was found on the main stem of the tribu-



tary just below the confluence of the North and South Forks.  Mine



No. 5^0U was an abandoned drift mine adjacent to Route 219.   The
                            -271
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acid load discharged to Bens Creek was 180 Ib/day.






     Stream water quality determinations were conducted on Stony



Creek at the USGS gage at Riverside.   During the sampling period,



Stony Creek carried an acid load ranging from 9,50U Ib/day to



3^2,792 Ib/day.





Stony Creek, east bank - Bens Creek to Mouth




     Mine No.'s 5335, 5336, and 5337 are located along the east



bank of Stony Creek almost at stream level.  It appears that these



discharges represent points where underground mines broke through



to the surface for either the installation of an air way or as a



means of dewatering the mine.  The acid loads discharged by these



three sources were 69 Ib/day, l6l Ib/day, and 28 Ib/day, respectively.



     Below the area described above, Stony Creek has been channel-



ized along its remaining downstream length.  Several large acid dis-



charges were located along the base of the channelization project.



At several of the discharge points the remains of old mine openings



could be located on the hillside above Stony Creek.  However, at



several sites, particularly in the greater Johnstown area, no in-



dication of the original mine opening was found.  At these sites,



the mine drainage emerged from concrete drainways at the base of



the channelized stream bed.  Such discharges included No.'s 5330,



5331 and 533*1.  The combined acid load of these effluents was



      Ib/day.
                             272
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     The largest acid discharge in this section of Stony Creek



was the 3,312 Ib/day load from Mine No. 5333.  A discharge of



W30 gpm was measured at the base of a caved drift mine opening.



There are actually two openings at this site; however, the second



opening was dry.





Stony Creek, west bank - Bens Creek to Mouth



     Three alkaline effluents were sampled from drainways along



the base of the channelized stream bed on the west bank of Stony



Creek near Roxbury.  Th^ exact origin of these effluents is not



known.  These three sources (No.'s 5^17, 5*H8, 5^19) discharged



a combined alkaline load of U33 Ib/day.



     No. 5Hl6 contributed an acid load of 203 Ib/day to Stony



Creek.  The effluent was collected from a drainway near stream



level.  The exact origin is unknown but assumed to result from



an underground mine.



     The largest acid load in the entire U66 square mile drainage



area of Stony Creek was found along the west bank of the stream



almost directly across from Point ftirk in downtown Johnstown.  On



the west bank hillside, a series of three sealed mine openings



were located.  The mines are dry at the seal; however, about 75



feet below one of the seals a 630 gpm effluent discharged to Stony



Creek.  At the time of sampling, the acid load was 26,838 Ib/day



(Mine No. 5*U5).
                             273
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                      QUEMAHONING CREEK





     Quemahoning Creek drains a 93.8 square mile area on the west



side of the Stony Creek watershed.  The water quality of Quemahoning



Creek is affected by numerous mine discharges throughout the drain-



age area.  However, the water quality of this tributary is less



severely degraded than the water quality in other areas of the



Stony Creek watershed,,





Quemahoning Creek, headwaters area



     One abandoned underground mine was located at the very head-



waters of Quemahoning Creek north of Somerset.  The mine was com-



pletely caved, grown over, and dry.  There were no additional



mines in the headwater area above the small community of Harrison



(Quecreek).



     Mine No. 5399 discharged an acid load of 917 Ib/day to Que-



mahoning Creek at Harrison.  The 235 gpm effluent flows from a



drainage pipe adjacent to the mine tipple and loading area.  The



area behind the old mine has been surface mined.  The original



mine opening^ have been filled or covered by the surface mine



operation.  Another stripped out drift mine (Ho. 5^00) was located



almost directly across from Mine No. 5399.  The acid load discharged



to the receiving tributary was 15 Ib/day.  A dovered shaft opening



Mas located approximately 0.8 mile upstream of Mine No. 5399.  No



additional information concerning this opening was available at



the time of survey.
                             syt
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Quemahoning Creels-Harrison to Acosta



     A total of seven drift mine openings were located along the



west bank of Quemahoning Creek between the communities of Harrison



and Acosta.  These openings were all located at the base of the



hillside and were dry at the time of inspection.



     Five surface mines and one drift mine opening were found



along the east bank of the creek.  The surface mines were dry



and the one drift mine (Mo. 5397) discharged an acid load of 51



Ib/day.





Quemahoning Creek, Acosta to North Branch



     Both surface mines and underground mine openings were lo-



cated along this section of Quemahoning Creek.  Four of the drift



mines were discharging at the time of inspection.  Mine No.'s 5398



and 539U were located along the main stem of Quemahoning Creek and



discharged a total acid load of only 11 Ib/day.  Mine No.'s 5395



and 5396 were located on an unnamed tributary to Quemahoning Creek.



The acid loads discharged by these mines were 20 Ib/day and 75 Ib/day,



respectively.





North Branch



     Thirteen drift mines and approximately 12 surface mines were



located in the 25 square mile drainage area of North Branch.  In



addition, there may have been several shaft mine entries in the



area.  All of these mine operations, both surface and underground,



were dry at the time of inspection.
                            275
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Qucmahoning Creek, North Branch to Beaverdam Creek

     There were no significant discharges of mine drainage along

this section of Quemahoning Creek.  The large slope or shaft mine

at Jenners was dry.



Beaverdam Creek

     Mine drainage discharges in the Beaverdam Creek area were

limited to three minor sources near the headwaters of the stream.

Mine No. 5555 was a combination mine.  A drift opening was at one

time located in the Highwall of an abandoned surface mine.  Both

the strip pit and underground mine opening were flooded.  A one

gpm effluent was discharged from the base of a slumped drift
   1
opening at Mine No. 5557.  The combined acid load discharged by

Mine No.'s 5555 and 5557 was only 8 Ib/day.

     The 12 gpm effluent sampled at Strip Mine No. 5556 represented

a treated discharge.  Two seepage areas had occurred below the dis-

turbed area.  At the time of inspection, the coal company had chan-

neled this drainage to a series of small impoundments for treatment

with soda ash.  After treatment the final effluent still carried an

acid load of 91 Ib/day.


Quemahoning Creek, Beaverdam Creek to Roaring Run

     Old Stoughton Lake is located at the mouth of Beaverdam Creek.

This tributary feeds the lake which, in turn, subsequently dis-

charges to Quemahoning Creek.  There is no visible sign of mine
                             276
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water inflow to Stoughton Lake.  However, the lake appears visually



affected by mine drainage.  A local resident reported that the lake



is fed by a sub-surface artesian discharge emanating from the near-



by Boswell Mine.  The Somerset 15 minute topographic map indicates



another mine opening was at one time located in the immediate vi-



cinity of what is now Stoughton Lake.  An estimated overflow of



250 gpm from the lake discharged to Quemahoning Creek.  This ef-



fluent (No. 5559) had an acidity concentration of 255 mg/1 and




carried an acid load of 765 Ib/day.



     There were no additional sources of mine drainage discharge



along this section of Quemahoning Creek.  Several underground



mines, including the Boswell Mine, and one surface mine were in-



spected in the area but were dry.






Roaring Run



     A recently surface mined area near the headwaters of Roaring




Run discharged an acid load of 133 Ib/day (No. 5558) to the tribu-



tary.  The 90 gpm discharge resulted from spoil pile seepage and



drainage from the open pit.  Treatment facilities had been con-



structed; however, the drainage was by-passing the facility.



     Discharge No.'s 5376 and 5560 are located near the mouth of



Roaring Run.  The discharges do not flow directly from a mine site



but are small artesian discharges along the bank of roaring Run.



A local resident reported that there were numerous "seeps" in the



immediate area and these discharges were responsible for the dis-



coloration observed in the lower reach of Roaring Run.  The acid
                             277
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loads from discharge No.'s 5376 and 5560 were 65 Ib/day and 30 Ib/day,




respectively.



     A small drift mine, operated by Mike Budzina,  was located



near the mouth of Roaring Run. The mine was dry at  inspection.  The



mine is presently still in operation and reportedly dry.






Quemahoning Creek, below Roaring Run



     Only one source of mine drainage discharge was located along



Quemahoning Creek below Roaring Run and above the point where



Quemahoning Creek empties into Quemahoning Reservoir.  The drain-



age originated from a water well located below a surface mined



area.  Prior to mining of the area, this well served as a water



supply; however, the quality of the water was affected by the



surface mining.  At the time of sampling, the 18 gpm discharge



carried an acid load of ihQ Ib/day (No. 5375).






 Twomile Run
     Twomile Run is one of three tributaries which form Quemahoning



Reservoir.  Both surface and underground mine operations were loca-



ted in the Twomile Run drainage area.  A total of five mine dis-



charges contributed a total source acid load of 313 Ib/day.  Mine



No.'s 5387 and 5388 discharged the major portion of this load.



Mine No. 5387 contributed an acid load of 78 Ib/day.  All that



remains of the original drift portal is a slump in the hillside.
                            278
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An acid load of 1^9 Ib/day was discharged by Mine No. 5388.  The



source of this 10 gpm effluent was two slumped drift mine openings.



The sample represents cumulative seepage collected below the old



openings.





Higgins Run



     Higgins Run is the third tributary which empties into Que-



mahoning Reservoir.  Coal mine operations were almost totally ab-



sent in this 5.8 square mile drainage area.  Only one mine operation



was located and this mine produced an alkaline effluent.  This was



Mine No. 5377 which contributed an alkaline load of 13 Ib^/day.





Quemahoning Creek below Reservoir



     The only mine sites located below Quemahoning Reservoir were



on an unnamed tributary which enters Quemahoning Creek just above



its confluence with Stony Creek.  Several underground mines were



inspected on this tributary near the community of Jerome; however,



they were dry.





                         SHADE CREEK





     Shade Creek drains a 98.U square mile area on the east side



of the Stony Creek watershed.  The water quality of main stem



Shade Creek is seriously affected by coal mine discharges over



its entire length.  Shade Creek is formed by the confluence of



its two principal tributaries, Clear Shade Creek and Dark Shade



Greek.  Clear Shade Creek is unaffected by coal mine discharges



while Dark Shade Creek received numerous mine drainage discharges.
                             279
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                      DARK SHADE CREEK






Headwaters area



     Dark Shade Creek is formed by the confluence of Shingle Run



and Coal Run.  There were no coal mine operations on Shingle Run.



However, several surface mines and one underground mine were lo-



cated at the very headwaters of Coal Run near the community of



Gahagen.  The opening to the underground mine at Gahagan has



caved and there was no drainage at this point.  Although the




refuse pile from this mine is in continual contact with Coal Run,



the water quality of the stream was not seriously affected.  A



large surface mine is located on the east bank of Coal Run approxi-



mately two miles downstream of Gahagen.  This surface mine was in-



active; however, refuse from a nearby coal preparation plant was



trucked to the surface mine and buried in the previously unreclaimed



strip cuts.  A drift mine operated by the J & R Sales Company was



also associated with the preparation plant.  This mine did not con-



tribute any discharge to Coal Run.



     The first source of drainage to enter Dark Shade Creek resulted



from a coal refuse disposal area.  This 30 gpm effluent entered the



main stem a short distance below the confluence of Coal Run and



Shingle Run.  This refuse is trucked to the disposal site from



another preparation plant located in Central City.  The acid load



discharged to Dark Shade Creek was 1,836 Ib/day (No. 521?).  This



single effluent was responsible for a complete reversal in the
                             280
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physical appearance of Dark Shade Creek.  Above this point, the



stream bed was clear.  However, below the point of drainage inflow



the stream bed as well as the stream banks were grossly discolored.





Dark Shade Creek, Central City area



     A large abandoned mine effluent of 875 gpm was located on



Dark Shade Creek in the community of Central City.  This effluent



drains from a culvert on the property associated with the prepara-



tion plant which still operates in Central City.  The large mine



at this site has been abandoned; however, surface mines in the



general area truck coal to this site for preparation prior to



loading in rail cars.  A local resident reported that this drainage



emanated from the Franklin No. h mine.  The drainage enters Dark



Shade Creek directly behind the Central City Fire Station.  The



acid load was U,515 Ib/day (Mine No. 5293).





Dark Shade Creek, below Central City



     The largest source of mine drainage discharge in the Shade



Creek watershed is located on Dark Shade Creek only a short dis-



tance below the mouth of Little Dark Shade Creek.  At this point,



a 2,889 gpn effluent was located in a somewhat swampy area between



the railroad tracks and the stream.  The effluent drains from a



concrete structure located at ground level approximately two feet



in height and eight feet in width.  The origin of this discharge



is unknown but it has obviously been constructed in order to drain



a nearby mine.  The acid load carried to Dark Shade Creek was



6,93^ Ib/day (Ho. 5215).
                            281
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Laurel Run



     Laurel Run enters Dark Shade Creek a short distance below



Mine Ho. 5215 described above.   According to a local resident, a



drift mine on the south bank of this tributary was originally



sealed by the Works Progress Administration.  However, the area



was reaffected by later surface mine operations.  At the time of



inspection, this U5 gpra effluent (Mine No. 5282) discharged an



acid load of 13^ Ib/day to Laurel Run.  An active drift mine op-



erated by the Ripple Coal Company was located on Beaverdaia Run, a



tributary to Laurel Run.  At the time of inspection, this mine was



dry and since that date the mine has closed and still remains dry.



     Two surface mine discharges were also located on Laurel Run.



A 95 gpm effluent representing cumulative seepage from strip mine



spoil piles carried an acid load of U50 Ib/day to Laurel Run (Mine



No. 5283).  A second surface mine effluent discharged an acid load



of 97 Ib/day (Mine No. 528^).  A drift mine operated by the Horse-



shoe Coal Company was in operation in this general area.  At the



time of inspection, the mine was dry.  According to information



supplied by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources,



this mine has now been closed and remains dry.





     There are numerous refuse areas along main stem Dark Shade



Creek and along State Route 160 which generally parallels the



stream in this area.  Much of the area is also quite swampy and



in many areas this refuse has been scattered throughout the swamp



areas.  As a result of leaching from these refuse areas, there are
                             282
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numerous small impoundments of highly acid water.   In places, por-



tions of Laurel Run are also diverted through and around the refuse



and swamp areas.  Several of the small impoundments discharged



highly acid effluents.  No. 5211 represented t.uch a discharge.



This 20 gpm effluent drained to Laurel Run above the point where



the stream runs through the swamp area.  The acid load was 2,880



Ib/day.  A similar effluent was located just below the mouth of



Laurel Run on the east bank of Dark Shade Creek.  At this point,



a 15 gpm effluent discharged from a four inch pipe which carried



impounded drainage under Route 160.  The acid load contributed  by



this discharge was 977 Ib/day (Ho.
Dark Shade Creek, Cairnbrook area



     Below the confluence of Laurel Run an abandoned mine effluent



of 200 gpm discharged to Dark Shade Creek.  The opening has been



closed and the drainage emerges from the base of the sealed open-



ing.  This was Mine No. 529^ which carried an acid load of 677 lb/



day.



     An effluent of 23 gpm was collected at the base of the large



refuse pile at Cairnbrook.  This effluent represents cumulative



seepage about the base of the refuse pile.  The acid load from this



source was 121 Ib/day (No. 5213).





Dark Shade Creek, Reitz area



     A series of mine effluents were located along the east bank
                             283
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of Dark Shade Creek north of the small community of Reitz.   It



appears that underground mines have operated in three separage



coal seams and in addition, the upper seam has also been surface



mined.  Only one of these effluents, No.  5207» was associated



with the surface mine.  The acid load was only 8 Ib/day.  The



other four discharges, Mine No.'s 5206, 5208, 5209, and 5210



were associated with abandoned drift mines.  The combined acid



load from these four sources was 306 Ib/day.





Miller Run



     Miller Run is a tributary to Dark Shade Creek and joins the



stream just above the confluence of Dark Shade Creek with Clear



Shade Creek.  An active air fen was located near the headwaters



of Miller Run but it had no affect upon the water quality of



Miller Run.  One active and one abandoned surface mine were in-



spected in the general upstream area, but were dry.  However,



the water quality of Miller Run is immediately degraded over its



remaining downstream length as a result of several discharges



which occurred on the west bank of the tributary.  A total of



four discharges were located at a combined surface and underground



mine site.  The surface mine is approximately 1.5 mile in length



and contains several drift mine openings.  In addition, the south-



east tip of the surface mine was active.  The combined source acid



load measured at this s'te was 319 Ib/day.  Mine No. 528? was an



active drift mine which contributed a small portion (15 Ib/day) of
                            28U
-------
the total 319 Ib/day acid load.  This drift mine has installed a



small treatment facility and produces an alkaline effluent.



     The Solar Fuel No. k mine also operates in the general area



described above.  lib discharge was collected from this mine at



the time of inspection.  According to State information, the



Solar Fuel No. k mine has a discharge and provides adequate



treatment.'



     Below the area of mine discharges described above, Miller



Run had pH and conductivity values of 3.1 and 1,000 micromhos/cm,



respectively.



     Several surface mines and an abandoned underground mine



were located near the mouth of Miller Run.  However, these mines



contributed no drainage to Miller Run.





                      CLEAR SHADE CREEK





     Clear Shade Creek is unaffected by coal mine discharges.



The only mine site located within the 31.U square mile sub-watershed



area was a surface mine high on the hillside along the south bank



of the tributary.  This surface mine also extends around the face



of the hill and into the Dark Shade Creek drainage area.  Most of



this surface operation had been reclaimed and only a small active



segment had not been reclaimed.





                         SHADE CREEK





     Discharge No. 51t03 represents the first source of mine
                             285
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drainage inflow to Shade Creek below the confluence of Dark Shade
Creek and Clear Shade Creek.  The 2k gpm effluent actually repre-
sents the entire flow of a small wet weather tributary to Shade
Creek.  The upper end of the tributary was clear but near its
confluence with Shade Creek it became noticeably discolored.  The
immediate area has been deep mined and perhaps some seepage is
responsible for the idiscoloration of the intermittent tributary.
The load discharged to Shade Creek was alkaline.
     The discharge from Mine No. 5289 apparently resulted from a
very old and covered drift mine.-  The only remaining evidence to
suggest the presence of the mine is a refuse pile.  A 12 gpm ef-
fluent emanating from the general area of the refuse pile carried
an acid load of 31 Ib/day.
     Discharge No. 5^02 contributed an acid load of 72 Ib/day to
Shade Creek.  This effluent is actually another small intermittent
tributary, similar to No. 5^03, which becomes discolored near its
confluence with Shade Creek.

Roaring Fork
     Roaring Fork was unaffected by coal mine discharges over most
of its drainage area.  In fact there were no coal mine operations
above the small community of Arrow.  At this point, Roaring Fork
exhibited pH and conductivity values of 7.6 and 60 micromhos/cm,
respectively.  An abandoned and caved drift mine at Hagevo con-
tributed the first source of mine drainage pollution in the Roaring
Fork drainage area.  The acid load discharged by this source (Mine
No. 5551) was 165 Ib/day.  At the time of survey, there were several
                             286
-------
active surface mines in the Roaring Fork drainage area; however,



they were dry.  On* additional underground mine opening was lo-



cated, but it was also dry.



     An active drift mine operated by Desort Coal Company was lo-



cated nc r the mouth of Roaring Fork on the north bank of the



tributary.  The mine vas dry.





Shade Creek below Roaring Fork



     Two active drift mine operations were located on an unnamed



tributary which enters Shade Creek on the west bank just north of



Hillsboro.  One of these mines was the Dalton Run No. 2 mine.  The



active portal was dry; however, a 20 gpm effluent discharged from



a nearby caved drift opening.  This was Mine No. 5281 and the acid



load was 91 Ib/day.



     The second active mine was operated by the Potochar and



Potochar Coal Company.  The operation was dry at inspection and



according to information supplied by the Pennsylvania Department



of Environmental Resources, the mine is still active and dry at



this time (fall 1971).



     Several additional drift mine openings were found along the



west bank of Shade Creek below the area mentioned above.  However,



these operations were dry at the time of inspection.



     Four sources of abandoned mine drainage were located on an



unnamed tributary which enters Shade Creek on the east bank immedi-



ately below the mouth of Spruce Run.  A contour surface mine extends



along the length of this unnamed tribertary.   Underground openings have




also been developed within this surface mined area.   Discharges  from the
                            287
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unreclaimed strip mine spoil piles and drainage from the drift



openings contributed a total source acid load of 105 Ib/day.






Spruce Run



     The water quality of Spruce Run is degraded over nearly  its




entire length as a result of seepage areas occurring at the base



of several surface mines.  There were no significant point dis-



charges at the time of inventory on Spruce Run,  However, the




water quality of the tributary gradually deteriorates to the  point



where the mouth of Spruce Run exhibited a pH value of 3.U. On6



drift mine was operated by the Hoffman Coal Company.  The mine  was



dry when inspected and has since ceased operation.






Shade Creek below Spruce Run



     A long contour surface mine is located along the south bank



of Shade Creek below the mouth of Spruce Run.  This surface mine



is in the vicinity of the abandoned No. 38 Mine of the Berwind



White Coal Company.  An active drift mine was in operation within



the surface mine.  Two discharges were collected from separate



drainage points emanating from this mine.  The total acid load



discharged to Shade Creek was 93 Ib/day.  Several additional  dry



mine openings were found in the vicinity of the surface mine.




These openings may have been part of the original No. 38 mine.



     The mines described above were the last downstream sites



found along the south bank of Shade Creek.  There were no mine



sites on the north bank of Shade Creek below Spruce Run.
                             288
-------
     At the time of survey, Shade Creek at the mouth carried an



acid load ranging from 2U,373 Ib/day to U3,35^ Ib/day.  (Table 31*,



Station No. 538l).





                         BAINT CREEK





     Much of the 37 square mile drainage area of Paint Creek has



been subjected to extensive coal mine operations.  Several of these



operations were large underground mine complexes operated by the



Berwind White Coal Company.





Headwaters Area



     The water quality in the headwaters area of Paint Creek was



affected by an acid load of 292 Ib/day resulting from cumulative



seepage about the base of a strip mine;  This was Mine No. 530U.



The strip mine intersects the drainage divide separating the



Little Conemaugh River and the Stony Creek drainage areas.  Addi-



tional surface and several drift mines were located in this head-



water area.  However, these mines were dry or contributed only



minor acid loads.





Paint Creek-main stem



     Four mine drainage discharges were located within a contour



surface mine along the south bank of Paint Creek.  This mine is



approximately four miles in length and crosses Babcock Creek.  The



four discharge points all represent points of intersection between



surface and underground mines.  In addition to these sources, there
                            289
-------
were many other points of intersection which were dry at the time



of inspection.  The combined acid load discharged by the four



sources (No.'s 5306, 5307, 5309, 5310) was 593 Ib/day.



     The abandoned No. h2 mine of the Berwind White Coal Company



is located along the north bank of Paint Creek upstream of Bab-



cock Creek.  All the mine facilities have been removed or de-



stroyed and only the sealed portal indicates the presence of



Mine No. ^2.  A second opening to this mine was located on the



south bank of Paint Creek in another (higher) coal seam.  This



portal was destroyed by the surface mine described above.  At



the time of inventory an active surface mine was in operation



along the north bank of Paint Creek below Mine No. U2; however,



the operation was dry.



     The Berwind White No. 36 mine was located along the bank of



Paint Creek just east of the town of Windber.  At least six under-



ground mine openings, including a sealed portal, and several large



refuse piles are associated with the No. 36 complex.  Two of the



mine openings contributed significant acid discharges to Paint



Creek. These were Mine No.'s 5311 and 5312.  The combined acid



loads were 536 Ib/day.





Seese Run



     Seese Run is one of the three major tributaries to Paint



Creek.  Three underground mines and one combination surface and



underground mine were located in the Seese Run drainage area.  The
                            290
-------
combination mine was the only source of drainage.  At this site, a



15 gpm effluent discharged from what remained of a drift opening



intersected by the surface operation.  The acid load from Mine




No. 531^ was 97 Ib/day.






Weaver Run



     Contour surface mines are located along both banks of Weaver



Run in the headwaters area.  These mines have intersected older



underground operations and additional drift mine openings were



developed in the highwall of the surface mine.  Portions of the



disturbed surface area have been reclaimed and other areas have



been abandoned without reclamation.  A combined acid load of



61*3 Ib/day was discharged by four sources within this area.  These



were No.fs 5315, 5316, 5317, and 5319.  An additional acid load of



1*7 Ib/day was discharged by a test cut area separate from the above



area.






Paint Creek



     Mine No. 5320 was the first contributing source of mine drain-



age below the confluence of Seese Run and Weaver Run with Baint



Creek.  A small refuse pile and a hillside indentation is all that



remains to mark the site of this old drift mine.  The acid load



discharged to Paint Creek was 5** Ib/day.  A contour surface mine



was located above Mine No. 5320 in a higher coal seam.  However,



at inspection, this mine was dry along its entire length.
                             291
-------
     An active drift mine was in operation along the south bank of



Faint Creek, a short distance below Mine No.  5320.   This small drift



mine was operated by the Country Club Coal Company.   The mine was dry



at inspection and is presently operating under similar conditions.



     A large abandoned mine discharge is located a short distance



below the Country Club Mine.  This was Mine No. 5380 located in a



residential area within the small community of Paint.  The measured



effluent at this sice was 956 gpm which carried an acid load of



3,556 Ib/day.





Little Paint Creek



     Little Paint Creek enters Paint Creek in the community of



Scalp Level.  Little Paint Creek is unaffected by mine drainage in



the entire portion of the drainage area above Scalp Level.  Two



abandoned air shafts were found in this area but there were no



sources of mine drainage discharge.



     The Berwind White Coal Company operated a very large mine in



Scalp Level until 1962.  At that time, ownership was transferred to



the Jandy Coal Company.  Jandy Coal operates this mine at the present



time.  This operation is primarily involved in retreat mining and not



advanced mining.  As a result, the Commonwealth does not consider



Jandy Coal responsible for the drainage emanating from the mine portal.



At the time of inspection, an 8U gpm effluent was measured.  This dis-



charge carried an acid load of 51^ Ib/day  (Mine No. 5191).  Jandy Coal



also operates the coal washery associated with this mine.  During the



course of field operations in the Scalp Level area, it was often
                             292
-------
observed that Little Baint Creek carried an excessive amount of



coal fines.  In at least one instance, these coal fines were



traced to a discharge emanating from the coal washery (No. 53^7).





Baint Creek below Little Paint Creek



     The abandoned Eureka No. 30 Mine contributed an acid load of



70 Ib/day:  This mine (No. 5322) is located along the south bank



of Faint Creek.  Mine No. 532^ is another abandoned drift mine



discharge located on the south bank.  The acid load discharged by



this source was 12k Ib/day.



     An active drift mine was in operation high on the hillside



almost directly above abandoned Mine No. 532^.  This active drift



mine was the Shade Valley No. 5 Mine.  The operation was dry at



the time of inspection.



     The Berwind White No. 37 Mine was located on the north bank



of Baiint Creek near the mouth of the tributary.  Three sources of



mine drainage discharge were located in the immediate vicinity of



Mine No. 37.  Two of these sources, No.'s 5328 and 5329> were



located along the bank of Paint Creek.  The combined acid load



from these two sources was 1,056 Ib/day.



     The third mine opening was located on an unnamed tributary



to Paint Creek.  The discharge from this partially open mine mouth



was l8o gpm which carried an acid load of 1,771 Ib/day.  (Mine



No. 5327).
                            293
-------
     Stream sampling was conducted near the mouth of Paint Creek



coincident with the mine drainage inventory.  At that time, Paint



Creek carried an acid load ranging from lU,372 Ib/day to 30,055 Ib/day.



(Table 3U, Station No. 5379).




                        ACTIVE MINES





     At the time of the Stony Creek study, approximately ^0 coal



mines were active in the watershed.  The majority of these sites



were dry surface mines located in the headwater areas of the water-



shed.  A total of five active surface mines contributed drainage at



the time of inspection.  The combined acid load from these sources



was 58U Ib/day (Table 35).  All but one of these discharges repre-



sented untreated drainage emanating directly from the active area



of the operation.  Discharge No. 5556 represents a treated effluent



of cumulative seepage below a surface mined area.  The mine had



ceased operation and the area had been backfilled.  After reclama-



tion, two seepage areas had occurred below the backfilled area.



This seepage was collected and treated prior to discharge to an



unnamed tributary of Beaverdam Creek.  The acid load carried by



the treated effluent was 91 Ib/day.



     Four active underground mines contributed a total of six ef-



fluents.  Two of these mines were responsible for two separate



effluents.  The combined acid load from these six sources was



5,8U6 Ib/day.  Treatment facilities have been installed on three



of these effluents.  They include No.'s 5287, 5378, and 5*»22.
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     Mine No. 5191 contributed an effluent of 84 gpm which carried



an acid load of 51^ Ib/day.  This effluent drains from the old Ber-



wind White Mine at Scalp Level.  This mine is now operated by the



Jandy Coal Company.  The Commonwealth does not consider Jandy re-



sponsible for the discharge and treatment is not required.  Dis-



charge No.'s 5296 and 5297 were collected at an active drift mine



on Dark Shade Creek.  This mine is also operating in old mine



workings and is not considered responsible for the discharge.



     One additional source of active drainage resulted from the



preparation plant operated by Jandy Coal Company at Scalp Level.



During the course of the field operations in the Scalp Level area,



it was often observed that Little Baint Creek carried an excessive



amount of coal fines.  In at least one instance, these coal fines



were traced to a discharge emanating from the coal washery (No.



53^7).  This effluent also carried an acid load of 8k Ib/day.







     A total of 199 discharging sources and approximately 5,700



acres of surface mined land were investigated during this study.



Table 35 presents an area breakdown in terms of total flow and



total loadings (Ib/day) of polluting constituents discharged to



receiving streams in the Stony Creek watershed.  Table 36 presents



a summary of flow volumes and chemical loadings by source type for



the 199 discharging sources.
                            297
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    FiGJRL 22
  STONEY  CKEE K
MINE LOCATION ^M
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                                                                 301
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                     POLLUTION ABATEMEHT



     As shown in Table 36, drift mines were the principal sources



of mine drainage pollution in the Stony Creek watershed.  The



total acid load discharged from these sources was more than



67,000 Ib/day.  Abandoned shaft mines and refuse piles also con-




tributed significant acid loads.



     Including all source types, a total of 13 principal sources



of mine drainage discharge were located in the study area.  These



sources included ten drift mines, two shaft mines, and one coal



refuse pile.  These sources discharged a total acid load of



6l,76l Ib/day, about 63 percent of the acid load discharged by



all  199 sources located during this survey.



     A program  of mine drainage pollution abatement in the Stony



Creek watershed should give primary consideration to these thirteen



sources.  Although numerous and significant sources of mine drain-



age exist in the watershed, abatement of these sources without



previous or concurrent abatement of the 13 principal sources, would



not result in; a major improvement in the stream water quality of



Stony Creek.



     However, even when effective drainage control can be estab-



lished at the thirteen principal source sites, a residual acid



load of more than 35,000 Ib/day would still discharge to receiving




streams in the Stony Creek watershed.   This acid load would emanate



from the large number of unabated sites remaining in the watershed.



It would be expected that this residual acid loading would be of



such magnitude that the stream water quality of Stony Creek would
                            302
-------
remain degraded to some degree by mine discharges.  For this



reason, any remedial program designed to significantly improve



the water quality in all portions of the watershed, would have



to consider more than the 13 principal source, sites listed in



this document.



     There is insufficient stream water quality data available to



accurately predict the effects upon stream water quality as a re-



sult of source abatement.  Detailed engineering studies and long



term water quality sampling at the source sites and at selected



stream locations throughout the watershed may shift abatement



priority from the listing in Table 37.  Economic or technical con-



straints may also be responsible for a similar change.  However, the



initial emphasis can be placed upon the principal source sites until



such a time that further study can recommend the addition or dele-



tions of other sources.



     The following is a description of the 13 principal sources



recommended for abatement.  These sources are listed in Table 37



and the mine site locations are shown in Figure 23.  In the Stony



Creek watershed, all mine drainage sources which discharged an acid



load exceeding 1,000 Ib/day are  considered as principal sources„



Mine No. 5378 was an active drift mine which contributed an acid



load of U,63^ Ib/day.  Since treatment facilities have been in-



stalled at this mine, it is not considered as a principal source.
                             303
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           FiGJRt 23
         STONEY  CHEEK
PRINCIPAL SOURCE  LOCATION  MAP
-------
                      PRINCIPAL SOURCES

Site No.
     The 20 gpm effluent sampled at this site represents a dis-
charge from a swampy area Just north of Central City.  At this
point, a considerable amount of coal refuse material is scattered
about the general area.  This refuse has, in places, resulted in
the formation of several small impoundments within the swampy area.
Leaching of this refuse has resulted in the production of highly
mineralized water which seeps to Dark Shade Creek.  Sample No. 5211
represents a cumulative discharge of this drainage.  The acid load
from this single source was 2,880 Ib/day.  There were numerous im-
measurable seepage areas in this vicinity which contributes unknown
amounts of acid to the receiving streams.

Mine No.
     The 2,889 gpm effluent from this source was the largest mine
drainage discharge in the Shade Creek watershed.  The exact origin
of the drainage is unknown.  It may result from a shaft or borehole
or may drain one of the numerous large drift mines which have been
operative at one time in the Central City area.   The discharge is
located in a somewhat swampy area between the railroad tracks and
Dark Shade Creek at a point just below the confluence of Little Dark
Shade Creek and Shade Creek.  The concrete structure from which the
drainage emerges somewhat resembles a "pill box" approximately eight
feet in width and two feet in height.  Whatever the origin, the
                            307
-------
structure has quite obviously been constructed for the explicit




purpose of draining a nearby mine.  The acid load discharged to



Dark Shade Creek was 6,93^ Ib/day.






Mine Ho. 5293



     The drainage from this mine reportedly results from the



abandoned Franklin No. M- Mine in Central City.  The preparation



plant associated with this mine is still in operation.  Surface




mined coal from the surrounding area is trucked to the plant for



preparation prior to being loaded in rail cars.  The drainage flows



from a culvert near the preparation plant and discharges to Dark



Shade Creek directly behind the Central City Fire Station.   The



acid load was ^,515 Ib/day.






Mine No. 5327



     This mine is located approximately 0.3 mile northeast  of the



old Berwind White No. 37 Mine.  It is assumed that Mine No. 5327



is associated with the Berwind operation.  The discharge was 180



gpm which carried an acid load of 1,771 Ib/day to an unnamed trib-



utary of Paint Creek.  The main portals at Mine No. 37 were dry.






Mine No. 5333



     This mine is located on main stem Stony Creek about midway be-



tween the Johnstown suburbs of Moxham and Hornerstown.  There are



two mine openings at this site at a level just above the Johnstown



and Stony Creek railroad tracks which parallel this section of Stony



Creek.  One of these openings is dry while the second discharged
                             308
-------
an effluent of H80 gpm directly to Stony Creek.   The acid load from



Mine Ho. 5333 was 3,312 Ib/day.





Mine No. 5338



     The discharge at this mine site results from a shaft which was



reportedly constructed to drain mine workings from a nearby mine.



This 120 gpm discharge is located on the opposite bank of Stony



Creek directly across from the small community of Krings.  The mine



or mines drained by this opening are probably drift mines developed



in the coal seams outcropping along Stony Creek.  The acid load dis-



charged to main stem Stony Creek was 2,398 Ib/day.





Mine No. 5*H1



     Mine No. 5^11 is one of nine drift mines located along the



South Fork of Bens Creek just above the community of Thomas Mill.



Eight of these mines contribute drainage to the South Fork.  Mine



No. 5^11 is by far the largest of these effluents.  This mine is



almost totally responsible for the grossly discolored appearance



exhibited by the South Fork along its entire remaining downstream



length.  The acid load carried by this 1,256 gpm effluent was



2,231 Ib/day.





Mine No. 5*H5



     The largest acid load in the entire k66 square mile drainage



area of Stony Creek resulted from Mine No. 5^15.  This mine, as



well as two additional openings, are located on the west bank



hillside almost directly across from Point Bark in downtown Johns-




town.  All three openings have been sealed; however, about 75
                             309
-------
below one of the seals, a 630 gpm effluent discharged to Stony



Creek.  At the time of sampling, the acid load was 26,838 Ib/day.






Mine No. 5^27



     This mine is located near the headwaters of Wells Creek, a



tributary to Stony Creek.  There are tro openings to the mine



and both were discharging at the time of inspection.  The com-



bined effluent was 225 gpm which carried an acid load of 1,215 Ib/day.



The area immediately above the old openings has been surface mined.





Mine No.
     This 3Ul gpm effluent drains from the old Wilber Mine on the



east bank of Stony Creek south of Hoovers vi lie.  At the time of



inspection, this drainage was piped under Route 53 to the prepara-



tion facility of the Solar Fuel Company.  An unknown portion of



this drainage was lime treated by the Solar Fuel Company for use



in their facility.  The acid load carried by the entire untreated



discharge as it emerges from the hillside was l,2Mt- Ib/day.  A



second effluent of 8 gpm also discharges from the Wilber Mine.  A



salvage operator at the mine reported that the entire discharge from



the mine was at one time piped under Route 53 «  However, due to a



roof fall within the mine, a portion of the drainage is diverted




and is not piped under the road bed.  The acid load from this sec-



ond source (No. 5^65) was 69 Ib/day.



     Although not operating, the portals and air fan to this mine



were still in tact and a considerable amount of mine equipment
                            310
-------
was on the site.  Apparently, the mine had been vorked to some ex-



tent until recently.





Mine Ho. 5902



     Mine No. 5502 is located along the east bank of Stony Creek



just below the mouth of Shade Creek.  A series of three drift mines



are located along the hillside.  Two of these were dry while the



third (No. 5502) contributed a discharge of k20 gpm which carried



an acid load of 3,830 Ib/day.





Mine No.
     This underground mine is located at the tip of a one mile



contour surface mine.  The surface mine apparently removed the



coal outcropping along the hillside but did not cut into the



older underground entry.  However, the surface mine has probably



created points of intersection with the underground mine voids.



The discharge measured at the mine opening was 270 gpm which car-



ried an acid load of 1,037 Ib/day.
                             311
-------
                     REFERENCES
 1.   Vanzandt, H.  M.,  1933  Impounding Mine Water to Reduce Acuity
     in the Bituminous Coal Mines of Western Pennsylvania,  a  report
     to the Coal Mining Institute of America, Dec. 6-7,  1933.

 2.   Section 206,  Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965,
     authorized a comprehensive water resources  study of the
     Appalachian Region.

 3.   Schneider and others, 1965, Water Resources of the  Appalachian
     Region Pennsylvania to Alabama, U. S.  Geological Survey  HA-198.

 k.   Shapiro, M. A., Andelman, J. B., and Morgan, P. V., 1966,
     Intensive Study of the Water at Critical Points on  the Mononga-
     hela, Allegheny,  and Ohio Rivers in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
     Area, University of Pittsburgh, 126 p.

 5.   The Clean Streams Law, PL 19^7, Pennsylvania Legislative Act
     39*4-, June 22, 1937, as amended.

 6.   Abatement of Pollution from Abandoned  Mines in Pennsylvania, A
     Progress Report,  Sanitary Water Board, Publication  No. 26,
     March 1, 1970.

 7.   Pennsylvania Department of Mines and Mineral Industries  -
     Bituminous Division, Annual Report 1968, 219 p.

 8.   Dowd, J. J., and others, 1951> Estimate of  Known_Recoverable
     Reserves of Coking Coal in Armstrong Coun1% Pa. ,~U. S. Department
     of the Interior Bureau of Mines, Report of  Investigations  U80l,
     16 p.

 9.   Dowd, J. J., and others, 1950, Estimate of  Known Recoverable
     Reserves of Coking Coal in Cambria County,  Pa., U.  S.  Department
     of the Interior Bureau of Mines, Report of  Investigations  ^73*4-,  25 p.

10.   Dowd, J. J., and others, 1950, Estimate of  Known Recoverable
     Reserves of Coking Coal in Indiana County,  Pa.t U.  S.  Department
     of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Report of  Investigations  V757,
     22 p.

11.   Wallace, J. J., and others, 1953, Estimate  of Known Recoverable
     Reserves of Coking Coal in Somerset County, Pa., U. S. Department
     of the Interior,  Bureau of Mines, Report of  Investigations  ^998,
     20 p.

12.   Dowd, J. J., and others, 1951> Estimate of  Known Recoverable
     Reserves of Coking Coal in Westloreland county, Ba., U. IT.
     Department or the Interior, Bureau of  Mines, Report of In-
     vestigations U803, 16 p.
-------
                REFERENCES (Continued)
13.  Shaffner, M. N., 1958, Geology and Mineral Resources of the
     New Florence Quadrangle, Pennsylvania^ Pennsylvania Geological
     Survey, A57, 155 p.
                             313
-------
APPENDICES
    315
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                              APPENDIX B




          KISKtMINETAS RIVER, MAIN STEM AND MINOR TRIBUTARIES




           CODES FOR TABULAR DATA - PAGES  B-l  THROUGH  B-5
        TYPE




C - Combination Mine




D - Drift Mine




S - Strip Mine




R - Refuse Pile




0 - Oil Well




A - Active Operations
           RECEIVING STREAM




 1 - Wo1ford Run




 2.  Unnamed tribs to Wolford  Run




 3.  Kiskiminetas River




 4.  Unnamed tribs to Kiskiminetas River




 5.  Beaver Run




 6.  Unnamed tribs to Beaver Run




 7.  Unnamed tribs to Porters Run




 8.  Thorn Run




 9.  Unnamed tribs to Thorn Run




10.  Unnamed tribs to Long  Run




11.  Pine Run




12.  Rattling Run




13.  Sulphur Run




14.  Sugar Hollow




15.  Roaring Run




16.  Guffy Run




17.  Blacklegs Creek




18.  Unnamed tribs to Blacklegs Creek




19.  Big Run




20.  Unnamed tribs to Big Run




21.  Whiskey Run




22.  Unnamed tribs to Whiskey Run
                               B
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                                 APPENDIX C



                              LOYALHANNA CREEK




               CODES FOR TABULAR DATA -  PAGES 0-1 THROUGH C-2
          TYPE




C - Combination Mines




D - Drift Mine




S - Strip Mine




R - Refuse Piles




Sh - Shaft or Slope Mine




CO - Coal Outcrdp
          RECEIVING STREAM




 1.  Loyalhanna Creek




 2.  Unnamed tribs to Loyalhanna Cr,




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10.  Ninendle Run




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12.  Fourmile Run




13.  Clark Hollow




14.  Unnamed tribs to Mill Creek




15.  Hannas Run




16.  Unnamed tribs to Hannas Run




17.  Whitethorn Creek
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-------
                                APPENDIX D



            CCHEMAUGH RIVER, WAIN STEM AND MINOR TRIBUTARIES
            Codes for Tabular Data -
     Pages  D-l Throuefr  D-2
        TYPE



C.  Combination Mine



D.  Drift Mines



S.  Strip Mines



R.  Refuse Piles



Sh.  Shaft Mine



A.  Active
            RECEIVING STREAM



 1.  Conemaugh River



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 3.  Aultmana Run



 k.  Unnamed tribs to Altmans Run



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 8.  Coal Run



 9.  McGee Run



10, . Freeman Run



11.  Tubmill Creek



12.  Unnamed tribs to Hypocrite Creek



13.  St. Clair Run



Ik.  East Branch Richards Run



15.  West Branch Richards Run



16.  Hinckston Run
-------
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     Codes for Tabular Data
  APPENDIX E

BLACKLICK CREEK

   Pages  E-l     Through   E-6
     Type

C - Combination Mines

D - Drift Mines

S - Strip Mines

Sh- -Shaft Mines

R - Refuse Piles

A - Active
               Receiving Stream

       1 - Blacklick Creek

       2 - Unnamed tribs to Blacklick Creek

       3 - Unnamed tribs to Muddy Run

       4 - Weir's Run

       5 - Laurel Run

       6 - Unnamed tribs to Laurel Run

       7 - Ramsey Run

       8 - Unnamed tribs to Ramsey Run

       9 - Mardis Run

      10 - Aulds Run

      11 - Unnamed tribs to Aulds Run

      12 - Unnamed tribs to Rummel Run

      13 - South Branch Blacklick Creek

      14 - Unnamed tribs to South Branch
           Blacklick Creek

      15 - Brush Creek

      16 - Coal Pit Run

      17 - Crooked Run

      18 - Dutch Run

      19 - Unnamed tribs to Hill Creek

      20 - Elk Creek
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                            APPENDIX F

                          Two Lick Creek
Codes For Tabular Data
       Pages F-l Through F-7
        Type

C - Combination Mines

D - Drift Mines

S - Strip Mines

Sh- Shaft Mines

R - Refuse Piles

0 - Gas  Wells.'


CO- Coal Outcrop


A - Active
         Receiving Stream

 1 - Two Lick Creek

 2 - Unnamed tribs to Two  Lick Creek

 3 - Yellow Creek

 4 - Unnamed tribs to Yellow Creek

 5 - North Branch Two Lick Creek

 6 - Unnamed tribs to North  Branch
     Two Lick Creek

 7 - Unnamed tribs to Little Yellow
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 8 - Buck Run

 9 - Unnamed tribs to Buck Run

10 - Ferrier Run

11 - Unnamed tribs to Ferrier  Run

12 - Dixon Run

13 - Unnamed tribs to Dixon  Run

14 - Leonard Run

15 - Unnamed tribs to Leonard Run

16 - Penn Run

17 - Unnamed tribs to Penn Run

18 - Ramsey Run

19 - Allen Run

20 - Tearing Run

21 - Unnamed tribs to Tearing Run
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                          APPENDIX 6

                   LITTLE OORJMAUGH RIVER
Codes for Tabular Data -
Pages  G-l     Through G-
C - Combination Mines

D - Drift Mines


8 - Strip Mines

Sh- Shaft Mines

R - Refuse Piles

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 1 - Little Conemaugh River

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 7 - Unnamed tribs. to Bear Rock Run

 8 - Christie Hollow

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10 - Unnamed tribs. to Bens Creek

11 - Trout Run

12 - Unnamed tribs. to Trout Run

13 - Spring Run

Ik - Unnamed tribs. to Spring Run

15 - Sulphur Creek

16 - Unnamed tribs to Sulphur Creek

17 - Saltlick Run

18 - Bear Run

19 - Clapboard Run
-------
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                              APPENDIX  H

                              STONY CREEK

                        Codes for tabular data

                        	Source Type	
               page  E-l through H-8
          C - Combination Mine

          D - Drift Mine

          S - Strip Mine

          Sh-Shaft Mine

         	Receiving Stream
          R - Refuse Pile

          P - Preparation Plant

          A - Active

          * - Tunnel
 1.  Stony Creek

 2.  Paint Creek

 3.  Little Paint Creek

 4.  Seese Run

 5.  Weaver Run

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10.  Beaverdam Run
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12.  Roaring Fork

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15.  Wells Creek

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17.  Bens Creek

18.  S. F. Bens Creek

19.  Soap Hollow Run

20.  Reitz Creek

21.  Schrock Run
22.  Beaverdam Creek
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23.  Roaring Run

24.  Quemahoning Creek

25.  Higgins Run

26.  Twomile Run

27.  Lamberts Run

28.  Spruce Run

29.  Boone Run

30.  Beaverdam Creek
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31.  Grove Run

32.  Calenders Run

33.  Clear Run
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