Innovative
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National Clean Diesel Campaign
Program Information Kit

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WELCOME PAGE
Mk National Clean Diesel Campaign
Welcome to the National Clean Diesel Campaign!
Remissions from diesel engines is one of the most important air quality
challenges facing the country. Even with more stringent heavy-duty highway
and nonroad engine standards set to take effect over the next decade, millions
of diesel engines already in use will continue to emit large amounts of nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and particulate matter (PM), both of which contribute to serious public health
problems. These emissions cause thousands of premature deaths, hundreds of thousands
of asthma attacks, millions of lost work days, and numerous other health impacts
every year.
Building on the successes of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) regula-
tory and voluntary efforts to reduce emissions from diesel engines, EPA has created the
National Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC). The purpose of the Campaign is for EPA to
work with businesses; government, environmental, and community organizations; and
industry to reduce the pollution emitted from diesel engines across the country through
the implementation of varied control strategies and the sustained involvement of national,
state, and local partners.
In this Program Overview Kit, you will find:
•	Fact sheets on clean diesel regulations.
•	A list of verified technologies for diesel retrofits.
•	A list of resources and Web sites for more information.
•	A National Clean Diesel Campaign fact sheet.
•	Brochures and other literature describing each of
the NCDC's sector initiatives: school buses, ports,
construction, freight, and agriculture.
For more information, please visit our Web site at
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel.
November 2005
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CLEAN AIR NONROAD DIESEL RULE
Clean Air Nonroad Diesel Rule Summary
General Background
OMay 10, 2004, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced one
of the most dramatic advancements in clean air protection since passage of the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. EPA's Clean Air Nonroad Diesel Rule
requires stringent pollution controls on diesel engines used in industries such as construc-
tion, agriculture, and mining, and it will slash the sulfur content of diesel fuel. The rule will
be a major step towards reaching our nation's clean air and public health goals.
The Clean Air Nonroad Diesel Rule is the latest in a series of Clean Diesel actions that
are designed to reduce emissions from nearly every type of diesel vehicle and equipment.
This nonroad diesel program combines cleaner engine technologies with cleaner fuel—
similar to the on-highway diesel program—with an end result of dramatic environmental
and public health benefits.
The new standards will cut emissions from nonroad diesel engines by more than 90
percent. Nonroad diesel equipment, as described in this rule, currently accounts for 47
percent of diesel particulate matter (PM) and 25 percent of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from
mobile sources nationwide.
Sulfur levels will be reduced in nonroad diesel fuel by 99 percent from current levels
(from approximately 3,000 parts per million [ppm] now, to 15 ppm in 2010). The lower sul-
fur fuel will provide immediate public health benefits by reducing PM from engines in
existing nonroad equipment. It also makes it possible for engine manufacturers to
use advanced clean technologies, similar to catalytic technologies used in
passenger cars. New engine standards take effect, based on engine
horsepower, starting in 2008.
More than 650,000 pieces of nonroad diesel equipment
sold in the United States each year will be covered by this
rulemaking. Currently, about six million pieces of nonroad
diesel equipment are in use in the United States. Based
on average expected equipment lifetime, this entire
inventory should be upgraded by 2030.
The overall benefits of the nonroad diesel program
significantly outweigh the costs by a ratio of 40 to 1.
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Environmental and Health Benefits
When the full inventory of older nonroad engines has been replaced, EPA expects to
annually reduce:
•	NOx by 738,000 tons.
•	PM by 129,000 tons.
When all older nonroad engines have been replaced, EPA expects to annually prevent:
•	6,000 children's asthma-related emergency room visits.
•	8,900 hospitalizations.
•	12,000 premature deaths.
•	15,000 non-fatal heart attacks.
•	280,000 cases of respiratory symptoms in children.
•	1,000,000 lost work days.
Estimated Costs
•	The anticipated costs vary with the size and complexity of the equipment, but are in
the range of 1 to 3 percent of the total purchase price for most nonroad diesel equip-
ment categories.
•	The estimated added cost for low-sulfur fuel will average about 4 cents per gallon.
•	The use of ultra-low sulfur fuel will significantly reduce engine maintenance expenses.
For More Information
For more information on the Clean Air Nonroad Diesel Rule, please visit
www.epa.gov/nonroad-diesel.
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HEAVY-DUTY STANDARDS/HIGHWAY DIESEL RULE
A Heavy-Duty Engine & Vehicle Standards
& Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control
Requirements Summary
General Background
TU.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) new emission standards, taking
effect in model year 2007, apply to heavy-duty highway engines and vehicles. EPA's
Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control
Requirements require stringent pollution controls on diesel engines used in trucks and
buses. The requirements will be a major step toward reaching our nation's clean air and
public health goals. Because emission control devices are damaged by sulfur, EPA is also
reducing the level of sulfur in highway diesel fuel by 97 percent by mid-2006.
Heavy-duty engines emit large amounts of nitrogen oxide (NOx), which contribute to
ozone, and particulate matter (PM). The PM emitted by heavy-duty engines contributes to
serious public health problems, such as lung cancer, aggravation of respiratory and cardio-
vascular disease and asthma, acute respiratory symptoms, chronic bronchitis, and
decreased lung function. Exposure is widespread, particularly in urban areas.
Heavy-duty trucks and buses account for about one-third of NOx emissions and one-
quarter of PM emissions from mobile sources. In some urban areas, the contribution is
even greater. EPA's program will result in PM and NOx emission levels that are 90 percent
below the levels of today's cleanest engines.
EPA's program includes provisions to facilitate the transition
to the new standards and to encourage the early introduction of clean tech-
nologies. It provides flexibility in various testing and compliance
requirements and addresses differences between the new tech-
nologies and existing engine-based technologies.
Refiners will be required to produce diesel fuel for
use in highway vehicles with a sulfur content of no
more than 15 parts per million (ppm), beginning
June 1, 2006. This fuel will be available across the
country by Fall 2006.	|	/
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The overall benefits of the Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway
Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements significantly outweigh the cost by a ratio of
approximately 20 to 1.
Environmental and Health Benefits
When the program is fully implemented, annual emission reductions will prevent
8,300 premature deaths, more than 9,500 hospitalizations, and 1.5 million lost work
days. The program will provide annual emission reductions equivalent to removing the
pollution from more than 90 percent, or about 13 million, of today's trucks and buses.
Estimated Costs
Emission reductions and the resulting significant public health and environmental
benefits of the program will come at an average cost increase of about $1,200 to
$1,900 per new vehicle, depending on the vehicle size. When fully implemented, the
sulfur reduction requirement will increase the cost of producing and distributing diesel
fuel by about 41/2 to 5 cents per gallon.
For More Information
For more information on the Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway
Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements, please visit www.epa.gov/otaq/diesel.htm.
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VERIFIED TECHNOLOGIES LIST
Verified Technologies List
TU.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) evaluates the durable emission
reduction capabilities of a wide range of technologies. Through this process, EPA is
working to instill confidence in our stakeholder community that the verified emis-
sion reductions will be achieved in-use. The verification process includes a technical
review of the technology as well as tightly controlled testing to quantify statistically sig-
nificant levels of emission reductions.
The table below summarizes all the diesel retrofit technologies that EPA has
approved, to date, for use in diesel engine retrofit programs through the Voluntary Diesel
Retrofit Program. The table shows approved manufacturers' products, where they are
applicable for use as a verified technology, and the percent reduction (of verified or test-
ed levels) that EPA will recognize for emission reductions for each technology.
Visit www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/retroverifiedlist.htm to learn more about these
retrofit technologies and their operating criteria. Be sure to check the Web site regularly
for the most updated list of verified technologies.
Verified Retrofit Technologies
Manufacturer Technology
Caterpillar,
Inc.
Caterpillar,
Inc.
Clean Diesel
Technologies,
Inc.
Catalyzed
Converter/Muffler
(CCM)
Diesel
Particulate Filter
(DPF)
Platinum Plus
Purifier System
(fuel borne cata-
lyst plus DOC)
Applicability
Highway: heavy-heavy and medium-
heavy duty, 4-cycle, non-EGR, model
year 1998 - 2003, turbocharged or
naturally aspirated engines
Nonroad: 4-cycle, non-EGR equipped,
model year 1996 - 2005, tur-
bocharged engines with power rat-
ings 130 < Kilowatts < 225 (174.2 <
Horsepower < 301.5)
Highway: medium-heavy and heavy-
heavy duty, 4-cycle, model year 1988
- 2003, turbocharged or naturally
aspirated engines
Reductions (%)
Particulate
Matter
(PM)
20
89
25 to 50
Carbon
Monoxide
(CO)
20
90
16 to 50
Nitrous
Oxides
(NOx)
N/A
N/A
0 to 5
Hydro-
carbons
(HC)
40
93
40 to 50
This symbol indicates a technology was evaluated under EPA's
Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program. The ETV Program
provides an independent process to test and document the results of test-
ing various technologies. This symbol illustrates where certain technologies were evaluat-
ed by the ETV Program in conjunction with EPA's Voluntary Diesel Retrofit Program.
Additional information on the ETV program is available at www.epa.gov/etv.
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Verified Retrofit Technologies
Manufacturer
Technology
Applicability

Reductions (%)




Particulate
Matter
(PM)
Carbon
Monoxide
(CO)
Nitrous
Oxides
(NOx)
Hydro-
carbons
(HC)
Clean Diesel
Technologies,
Inc.
ET
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Verified Retrofit Technologies
Manufacturer
Technology
Applicability

Reductions (%)




Particulate
Matter
(PM)
Carbon
Monoxide
(CO)
Nitrous
Oxides
(NOx)
Hydro-
carbons
(HC)
Johnson
Matthey
Catalyzed
Continuously
Regenerating
Technology
(CCRT)
Particulate Filter
Highway: heavy-heavy, medium-heavy,
light-heavy duty, urban bus, 4-cycle,
non-EGR model year 1994 - 2003, tur-
bocharged or naturally aspirated
engines
60
60
N/A
60
Johnson
Matthey
Continuously
Regenerating
Technology
(CRT) Particulate
Filter
Highway: heavy-duty, 2-cycle and 4-
cycle, model year 1994 - 2002, tur-
bocharged or naturally aspirated
engines
60
60
N/A
60
Johnson
Matthey
CEM™ Catalytic
Exhaust Muffler
and/or DCC™
Catalytic
Converter
Highway: heavy-heavy, medium-heavy,
light-heavy duty, non-urban bus, 4-
cycle, non-EGR model year 1991 -
2003, turbocharged or naturally aspi-
rated engines
20
40
N/A
50
Johnson
Matthey
CEM Catalyst
Muffler
Highway: heavy-duty, 2-cycle engines
20
40
N/A
50
Lubrizol
PuriNOxWater
emulsion fuel
Highway & Nonroad: heavy-duty,
2-cycle and 4-cycle engines
16 to 58
-35 to 333
9 to 20
-30 to-1203
Lubrizol Engine
Control Systems
et/
Purifilter - Diesel
Particulate Filter
Highway: heavy heavy-duty, medium
heavy-duty; urban bus; 4-cycle; model
years 1994 - 2003; turbocharged or
naturally aspirated; non-EGR engines
90
75
N/A
85
Lubrizol
Engine
Control
Systems
AZ Purimuffler or
AZ Purifier
Diesel Oxidation
Catalyst with
Low Sulfur
Diesel Fuel (30
ppm S max)
Highway: medium heavy-duty, 4-
cycle, model years 1991 - 2003
Cummins and Navistar/International
engines originally manufactured with-
out any aftertreatment which are tur-
bocharged or naturally aspirated,
non-EGR engines
40
40
N/A
70
Lubrizol
Engine
Control
Systems
AZ Purimuffler or
AZ Purifier Diesel
Oxidation
Catalyst with Low
Sulfur Diesel Fuel
(30 ppm S max)
Highway: heavy heavy-duty, 4-cycle,
model years 1991 - 1993 Cummins
engines originally manufactured with-
out exhaust aftertreatment which are
turbocharged or naturally aspirated,
non-EGR engines
35
40
N/A
70
3 Negative sign indicates an increase in emissions.
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Verified Retrofit Technologies
Manufacturer
Technology
Applicability

Reductions (%)




Particulate
Matter
(PM)
Carbon
Monoxide
(CO)
Nitrous
Oxides
(NOx)
Hydro-
carbons
(HC)
Lubrizol Engine
Control Systems
AZ Purimuffler
AZ Purifier
Highway: heavy-duty, 2-cycle engines
20
40
N/A
50
Lubrizol Engine
Control Systems
AZ Purimuffler
AZ Purifier
Highway: heavy-duty, 4-cycle engines
20
40
N/A
50
Various
Biodiesel
(1 to 100%)
Highway: heavy-duty, 2-cycle and 4-
cycle engines
Oto 47
Oto 47
0to-103
Oto 67
Various
Cetane
Enhancers
Highway: heavy-duty, 4-cycle, non-
EGR-equipped engines
N/A
N/A
0 to 5
N/A
Memorandum of Agreement with California Air Resources Board
EPA signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the State of California Air
Resources Board (ARB) for the Coordination and Reciprocity in Diesel Retrofit Device
Verification. The MOA establishes reciprocity in verifications of hardware or device-based
retrofits, and further reinforces EPA's and ARB's commitment to cooperate on the evalu-
ation of retrofit technologies. This agreement commits EPA and ARB to work toward
accepting particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) verification levels assigned
by the other's verification programs. Additionally, as retrofit manufacturers initiate and
conduct in-use testing, EPA and ARB agreed to coordinate this testing so data generat-
ed may satisfy the requirements of each program. This MOA is intended to expedite the
verification and introduction of innovative emission reduction technologies. Additionally,
this MOA should reduce the effort needed for retrofit technology manufacturers to com-
plete verification.
In addition to the above list of EPA-verified retrofit technologies, EPA recognizes and
accepts those retrofit hardware strategies or device-based systems that have been veri-
fied by ARB. Information about ARB's Verification Program and its list of verified tech-
nologies can be found at www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/verdev.htm.
For more information on the National Clean Diesel Campaign, please visit
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel,
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PROGRAM RESOURCES
H Program
Resources
PROGRAM INFORMATION
National Clean Diesel Campaign General
Information Fact Sheet
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel/publications.htm
Fact sheet describing the National Clean Diesel Campaign's
regulations, voluntary programs, technologies, and partner-
ships. It provides a basic overview of the Campaign and the
effective methods that are available to reduce pollution
from diesel engines. (EPA-420-F-05-012, November 2005)
Clean School Bus USA:
Today's Buses for Tomorrow's Children
www.epa.gov/cleanschoolbus/outreach.htm
Brochure providing general information about the
Clean School Bus USA program. The brochure discusses
the strategies that are available to school districts that
want to reduce children's exposure to diesel exhaust.
(EPA-420-F-03-039, October 2003)
What You Should Know about Reducing Diesel
Exhaust from School Buses
www.epa.gov/cleanschoolbus/outreach.htm
Fact sheet providing information about retrofitting school
bus diesel engines; replacing older school buses with
newer, cleaner buses; and reducing emissions through
idling reduction and other smart driving practices.
(EPA-420-F-03-038, November 2003)
Clean Ports USA
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel/ports
Brochure describing the Clean Ports USA program.
It provides information to port authorities, terminal
operators, and communities on reducing emissions from
existing diesel engines and nonroad equipment at ports.
(EPA-420-F-05-033, November 2005)
Freight Sector: SmartWay Transport Partnership
www.epa.gov/smartway/index.htm
Brochure providing an overview of the SmartWay Transport
Partnership. It includes general information about opportu-
nities available in the various freight industry sectors to
reduce diesel exhaust, improve fuel efficiency, and realize
health benefits. (EPA-420-F-05-052, November 2005)
Clean Construction USA
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel/construction.htm
Brochure encouraging the use of innovative technologies
and incentives to reduce diesel exhaust emissions from
existing construction equipment and vehicles.
(EPA-420-F-05-032, November 2005)
Clean Agriculture USA
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel
Fact sheet providing general information on emission control
technologies and biodiesel and renewable fuels that reduce
diesel exhaust emissions from the existing fleet of agricultural
equipment and vehicles in use across the country.
(EPA-420-F-05-031, November 2005)
TECHNOLOGY
Verified Technologies List
www. epa. g ov/ota q/retrofit/retroverifi ed I ist. htm
Table summarizing all the diesel retrofit technologies that
EPA has approved for use in engine retrofit programs.
(EPA-420-B-05-005, November 2005)
Clean Ports USA Technology Options
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel/ports
Table summarizing the technologies available to assist port
authorities, terminal operators, state and local govern-
ments, and communities in reducing diesel emissions at
ports. (EPA-420-B-05-0 74, December 2005)
REGULATORY INFORMATION
Clean Air Nonroad Diesel Rule Summary
www.epa.gov/nonroad-diesel/2004fr.htm
Fact sheet summarizing EPA's rule to reduce emissions from
nonroad diesel engines by integrating engine and fuel con-
trols. Exhaust emissions will decrease by more than 90 per-
cent and new fuel requirements will decrease the allowable
levels of sulfur in nonroad diesel fuel by more than 99 per-
cent. (EPA-420-F-04-029, November 2005)
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Clean Diesel Truck and Bus Rule Summary
www.epa.gov/otaq/diesel.htm
Fact sheet summarizing EPA's rule that set new emissions
standards for model year 2007 heavy-duty highway engines
and vehicles and new standards for reducing the sulfur con-
tent of highway diesel fuel. (EPA-420-F-05-044, November
2005)
COLLABORATIONS
Regional initiatives and state programs provide immediate
and significant environmental results by working collabora-
tively with businesses, government and community organi-
zations, industry, and others.
Northeast Diesel Collaborative
www.northeastdiesel.org
The Northeast Diesel Collaborative is a local initiative that
builds on a foundation of voluntary action. Developed with
EPA Regions I and II, the initiative encourages participants
to engage in projects that will reduce transportation-related
air pollution to help address the high asthma rates in the
Northeast. The program partners with the Northeast States
for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM).
Mid-Atlantic Clean Diesel Collaborative
www.dieselmidatlantic.org
The Mid-Atlantic Diesel Collaborative is a partnership
among leaders from EPA Region III, state and local govern-
ments, and private and environmental sectors in a regional
campaign to reduce diesel emissions.
Midwest Clean Diesel Initiative
www.epa.gov/region5/air/mobile/mobile.htm
www.epa.gov/midwestcleandiesel
EPA Region V's Midwest Clean Diesel Initiative is a cooper-
ative, public-private effort to reduce diesel emissions along
major transportation corridors from various sectors includ-
ing trucking, locomotive, construction, and ports, with an
emphasis on urban areas in the Midwest.
Southeast Diesel Collaborative
www.epa.gov/region4/air/mobile/volprog.html
The Southeast Diesel Collaborative is a partnership among
leaders from EPA Region IV, state and local governments,
and private and environmental sectors in a regional cam-
paign to reduce diesel emissions.
West Coast Diesel Collaborative
www. westcoastco llaborative.org
In the West, EPA Region VI and X were instrumental in
creating the West Coast Diesel Collaborative. This initiative
is a partnership among leaders from federal, state, and
local government; the private sector; and environmental
groups in California, Oregon, Idaho, Washington, Alaska,
Canada, and Mexico, committed to reducing diesel
emissions along the West Coast.
FUNDING ASSISTANCE
Carl Moyer Program
www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/moyer.htm
The Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment
Program (Carl Moyer Program or CMP) is a grant program
that funds the incremental cost of cleaner-than-required
engines and equipment. Public or private entities that oper-
ate eligible engines and/or equipment in California can par-
ticipate by applying directly to their local air pollution con-
trol or air quality management districts. Examples of eligi-
ble engines and equipment include heavy-duty on-road and
off-road, marine, locomotive, stationary agricultural pumps,
forklifts, airport ground support equipment, and heavy-duty
auxiliary power units.
Texas Emissions Reduction Program
www.tn rcc.state.tx. us/oprd/sips/terp. htm I
The Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP) is a
comprehensive set of incentive programs aimed at
improving air quality in Texas. The Texas Commission
on Environmental Quality administers TERP grants
and other financial TERP incentives.
Washington State Clean School Bus Program
www.pscleanair.org/dieselsolutions/schoolbus
Under this program, approximately 7,500 diesel school buses,
more than three-quarters of the existing fleet statewide, will
be retrofitted between now and 2008 to make them cleaner
for the children who ride them. It will also provide cleaner air
for citizens to breathe throughout the communities the buses
serve. Washington's program is one of the premier voluntary
school bus retrofit programs in the country.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
To learn more about the National Clean Diesel Campaign,
please visit www.epa.gov/cleandiesel.
Publications are available at no charge from the National Service Center for Environmental
Publications (NSCEP). Phone orders can be placed by calling (800) 490-9198 or (513) 489-8190,
Monday through Friday, 7:30 a.m.—5:30 p.m. (EST). Orders can also be placed online at
www.epa.gov/ncepihom/ordering.htm.
November 2005
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NATIONAL CLEAN DIESEL CAMPAIGN FACT SHEET
National Clean Diesel Campaign
Fact Sheet
REDUCIN emissions from diesel engines is one of the most important public
health challenges facing the country. Even with more stringent heavy-duty high-
way and nonroad engine standards set to take effect over the next decade, mil-
lions of diesel engines already in use will continue to emit large amounts of nitrogen
oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM)—both of which contribute to serious public
health problems.
These emissions cause thousands of premature deaths, hundreds of thousands of asth-
ma attacks, millions of lost work days, and numerous other health impacts every year.
Thankfully, there are a variety of cost-effective technologies that can dramatically
reduce diesel emissions and help our nation meet its clean air goals.
Our Goal
Building on the success of its regulatory and voluntary efforts to reduce emissions from
diesel engines, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created the National
Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC). The Campaign is working to reduce the pollution
emitted from diesel engines across the country through the implementation of varied
control strategies and the sustained involvement of national, state, and local partners.
To fully address the challenges of reducing
diesel emissions, EPA is utilizing a multi-
pronged approach through the NCDC,
including:
Successfully implementing the 2007 Heavy-
Duty Highway Engine Rule and the Clean
Air Nonroad Diesel Rule.
Developing new emission requirements for
trains and marine diesels, including large
commercial marine engines.
Exposure to diesel exhaust can:
Cause lung damage.
Trigger respiratory problems.
Exacerbate asthma and existing allergies.
Be linked to premature mortality.
Long-term exposure is thought to increase
the risk of lung cancer.
Addressing engines already in use today
by promoting a variety of cost-effective and innovative
emission reduction strategies, including switching to cleaner fuels;
retrofitting, repairing, repowering, and replacing equipment; and
reducing idling.
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Regulations for New Diesel Engines
EPA is committed to successfully implementing stringent new standards for
diesel fuel and new diesel engines. These standards are the critical founda-
tion of the Agency's diesel emissions control program. Clean, ultra-low sulfur
diesel fuel will be required for use in highway diesel engines starting in 2006.
Lower sulfur diesel fuel for nonroad diesel machines will be required in 2007,
followed by ultra-low sulfur fuel for these machines in 2010, and for locomotives
and marine engines in 2012.
Besides reducing emissions from the existing diesel fleet, clean fuels will enable the use
of advanced aftertreatment technologies on new engines. Technologies such as particulate
traps, capable of emission reductions of 90 percent and more, will be required under new stan-
dards set to begin phasing into the highway sector in
2007, and into the nonroad sector in 2011.
Many areas of the country are designated as
"nonattainment areas" and do not meet the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Recently, EPA designated 474 counties as
"out of compliance" with the eight-hour
ozone standard and 208 counties as out of
compliance with the PM2.5 standard.
As a result of these designations, almost 180
million people are living in counties that are
out of compliance with the eight-hour NOx
standards. Almost 90 million people now live
in PM nonattainment areas.
The new standards will yield enormous long-term bene-
fits for public health and the environment. By 2030,
when the engine fleet has been fully turned over, PM will
be reduced by 250,000 tons per year, and NOx will be
reduced by 3.3 million tons per year. This will result
in annual benefits of more than $150 billion, at a cost
of approximately $7 billion. Similar stringent emissions
standards for locomotives and marine diesels are now
being developed. EPA is also working to reduce emissions
from large commercial marine diesel vessels, such as
cruise and container ships, through the use of cleaner
fuels and engines.
Voluntary Programs for the Existing Diesel Engine Fleet
Over the last five years, EPA has launched a number of successful voluntary programs designed
to reduce emissions from the diesel fleet. Each program provides technical and financial assis-
tance to stakeholders interested in reducing their fleet's emissions effectively and efficiently.
The signals are clear—stakeholders want these programs to grow. Much of this growth will
come from focused partnerships and collaborative efforts at the state and local level, including
regional collaborative initiatives.
In conjunction with state and local governments,
public interest groups, and industry partners, EPA
has established a goal of reducing emissions from
the more than 11 million diesel engines in the
existing fleet by 2014. Looking at these engines,
EPA determined there were five sectors that pro-
vided the best opportunity to obtain significant
reductions, as described on the following page.
NCDC participants are committed to reducing
diesel emissions and finding innovative
ways to protect human health and the
environment.
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Environmental Protection
IhI # % Agency
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Verified Technologies
You can find more information on verified technologies
at these Web sites:
EPA's Verified Technology List at:
www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/retroverifiedlist.htm
ARB's Verified Technology List at:
www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/verdev.htm
EPA's Idling Control Technology List at:
www.epa.gov/otaq/smartway/idlingtechnologies.htm
Dynamic Tools and Resources
Through the NCDC, EPA has developed a number of tools for stakeholder projects and partnerships,
including:
Verifying technologies to ensure that the emission performance claimed by manufacturers is, in fact,
achieved.
Creating peer-reviewed emission models and State Implementation Plan (SIP) guidance.
Sharing best practices and recognizing environmental leaders.
Working Together for Cleaner Air
The NCDC will achieve immediate and significant environmental results by working collabora-
tively with businesses, government and community organizations, industry, and others. Regional
initiatives provide an excellent example of how the NCDC will use a proactive, incentive-based
approach to achieve environmental results. Members of these initiatives have agreed to collec-
tively leverage additional funds and take a local approach to diesel mitigation.
Strong Stakeholder Support
EPA has engaged hundreds of stakeholders nationwide from the public and private sector.
Grant solicitations are met by demand 10 times greater than available resources.
Winning grant programs have leveraged an average of two to four times additional resources.
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel
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Environmental Protection
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School Bus Sector
-JH By 2010, Clean School Bus USA aims to retrofit or replace the
400,000 diesel school buses in the United States and promote
^idling-reduction policies in 14,000 school districts. The program
'	'/ '-"Sr iSSI works communities to reduce school bus idling, retrofit current
school bus fleets with new technologies, introduce cleaner fuels,
and replace the oldest buses with new vehicles that meet stringent
pollution control standards. Through the program, EPA is partnering with educators, industry,
transportation experts, public health officials, and other community leaders to develop environmen-
tally clean school bus programs nationwide. As of 2004, more than two million children were riding
to school on approximately 20,000 cleaner buses due to the Clean School Bus USA program.
The goal of Clean Ports USA is to reduce diesel emissions at mar-
itime ports. The NCDC is partnering with the American Association
of Port Authorities and numerous ports and their stakeholders to
develop appropriate incentives and strategies to reduce emissions
at U.S. ports. EPA is developing the program to help measure the
emissions from port activity and identify cost-effective ways to
improve the environmental performance of ports.
Construction Sector
The goal of Clean Construction USA is to reduce emissions from
major construction projects in areas that do not meet national air
quality standards. Through the program, EPA is partnering with the
Associated General Contractors of America to develop incentives
for private fleets to reduce pollution from their vehicles. Government
and public interest groups are working together to develop guidance
and equipment specifications for public projects and fleets.
The SmartWay Transport Partnership is a collaborative voluntary
program between EPA and the freight industry designed to
increase energy efficiency and promote strategies to reduce air pol-
lution associated with moving goods in the United States.
SmartWay is partnering with trucking companies (such as FedEx and
	 UPS) and major corporations that hire trucking services (such as Ikea
and The Home Depot) to create a demand for cleaner, more effi-
cient freight services. SmartWay is also working with states, non-governmental organizations, and
the freight industry to eliminate unnecessary engine idling at truck stops, terminals, ports, and
locomotive switchyards. The ultimate goal for this program is to transform the fleet into one of
high fuel efficiency and low emissions.
Ports Sector
Freight Sector
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel
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Agriculture Sector
Clean Agriculture USA is partnering with the farming community,
governmental organizations, and non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) to promote clean diesel strategies, including biodiesel and
renewable fuels, across the country.
Diesel Emission Reduction Technologies and Strategies
Retrofitting diesel engines is one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce diesel emissions. To
help stakeholders identify viable technologies, EPA has developed a list of verified technologies
that contains information on expected emission reduction benefits. This list provides information
on numerous innovative emission control technologies that EPA has approved for use. Each EPA-
verified technology has undergone extensive testing and analysis. EPA has also signed a
Memorandum of Understanding with the California Air Resources Board (ARB) to recognize
ARB's list of verified emission control options. In addition, EPA has established a comprehensive
list of idle-control technologies.
Additionally, EPA has developed innovative guidance that air quality agencies can use to quantify
emission reductions achieved by reducing vehicle and locomotive idling. EPA plans to release guid-
ance for air quality agencies to quantify and use emission reductions from specific retrofit actions.
Effective Strategies
Strategies to reduce emissions from diesel engines include:
Switching to Cleaner Fuels — using advanced fuels, such as ultra-low
sulfur diesel, biodiesel, liquid petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas.
Retrofitting — installing emission-reduction technologies, such as
particulate filters and oxidation catalysts.
Repairing — repairing an engine to meet its original standards.
Repowering — replacing an old engine with a newer, cleaner model.
Replacing — replacing an old vehicle or equipment with a cleaner model.
Reducing Idling — reducing a vehicle's idling time.
Increasing Energy Efficiency — incorporating low-rolling resistance
tires and advanced aerodynamics for tractors and trailers.

Innovative
Strategies for
Cleaner Air
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• West Coast Diesel Emissions Reductions Collaborative. One of the first of its
kind, this joint effort includes EPA, U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural
Resource Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of
Transportation, Canada and Mexico, as well as state, local, non-profit, and pri-
vate sector partners from California, Alaska, Washington, and Oregon to
reduce air pollution emissions from diesel engines along the West Coast. The
collaborative works across sector workgroups to identify, fund, and implement
regional diesel emission reduction projects.
Regional Collaboratives and Partnerships
Benefiting from economies of scale while protecting against competitive disad-
vantages, numerous regional initiatives provide an ideal structure for significant
reductions across a large geographic area:
•	Midwest Diesel Initiative. This new, cooperative, public-private effort is reduc-
ing diesel emissions along major transportation corridors and various sectors,
including trucking, locomotive, construction, and ports, with an emphasis on
urban areas.
•	Northeast Diesel Collaborative. This program builds on a foundation of
voluntary action and encourages participants to engage in projects that will
reduce transportation-related air pollution to help address the high asthma
rates in the Northeast.
Looking to the Future
Building on past successes, the NCDC has established several hundred projects that involve
cleaner diesel, idle-reduction, and other environmental control strategies across the country,
achieving emission reductions now that will yield benefits for years to come. Each project serves
as an innovative, cost-effective model for diesel emission reduction. In addition, many states are
using ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel well ahead of EPA's requirements. In total, hundreds of partners
nationwide are successfully implementing cleaner diesel projects, resulting in a foundation for
the NCDC's efforts to reduce diesel pollution and protect human health and the environment.
How to Get Involved
For more detailed information and a list of contacts, please visit the National Clean Diesel
Campaign Web site at www.epa.gov/cleandiesel.
National Clean Diesel Campaign
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United States
Environmental Protection
hI	Agency
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel
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www.epa.gov/cleandiesel
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
November 2005
EPA-420-E-05-001
ySb Recycled/Recyclable—Printed with vegetable oil based inks on 100% postconsumer, process chlorine free recycled paper.
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