h bo r hood
-------
Cockroaches, mice and
^rats are in them-
selves problems to
people because they:
eat or damage, and
contaminate food and
household belongings;
transmit diseases; and
cause allergies among
asthmatics, including
many children. Often,
pest control methods
depend too much on
poisons that generally
are not effective by
themselves, and also can
be hazardous to people, pets
and other animals, and the
environment.
Neighborhood residents everywhere need
effective, safe, and long-lasting ways to
manage pest problems. "Safe Control..." is a
story about and by a community organization
learning to control pests using IPM (integrated
pest management). IPM is an effective pest
controlling strategy and yet is safe for
people, their pets and other
non-targetanimals,andforthe
environment. This community's
IPM efforts should also help
reduce the risks of pest-related
diseases (including asthma and
other respiratory irritations
resulting from infestations) and
some other environmental health
problems (including molds and lead
paint dust), and should help conserve heat
and air conditioning. The basic approach
described here can be used in any community
by anyone, including professional pest control
technicians.
Safer Control
Integrated Pest Management Handbook
Introduction
-------
Integrated pest management (IPM) is a process for limiting pest problems that may
use one or more corrective treatments (including removal of pests) with an emphasis on
eliminating food, water, shelter, and movement routes that allow pests to survive.
There are four major parts to the IPM approach in and around buildings:
Inspection - an examination of indoor and outdoor
areas to identify what, where, and why pests are
active. A major Inspection is done at the startup of
an IPM program; minor inspections occur occasionally
throughout a program. With this information, one can
determine what corrective actions should be used at
a particular point In time.
Photo by City of Philadelphia Environmental Health Services
Monitoring-a process for verifying pest presence
(or absence) that is used periodically to determine
the effects of corrective treatments or to insure
that a resurgence of pests does not occur after
completing treatments. Techniques include direct
observation (of animals), indirect observation
(of droppings, stains, damaged goods, etc.), and
collection of animals with traps.
Treatments - the corrective actions (or interventions) to reduce pest numbers and the
damage caused by pests. EDUCATION to change people's behavior is the single most
Important treatment for making 1PM effective. The long-lasting
physical actions of CLEANING, 5ANITATION and PEST STOPPAGE
are most emphasized. Physical actions are often supplemented
by the pest removal actions of TRAPPING and/or POISONING. A
combination of treatments frequently gives better results than
one type of treatment used alone.
Evaluation - the follow-up
process which relies on inspection
and monitoring Information
to determine how successful
the treatments have been and
what must be done next. This
eliminates guesswork to help
ensure your success.
Safer Control
Introduction
-------
It was a morning like any
other in the city.
But in one neighborhood there
was a bustle of activity.
We re here to help get rid or the
cockroaches, rats and mice."
"Thank goodness... our tenants
have been complaining."
Safer Control
Introduction
-------
The problem Is that these common pests that 4o a lot
and contribute to aJ!er0fee and other respiratory
, alto can
German roach
Norway Rat
American roach
Hou5e mouse
In eome parts of the country, Roof rats are a problem too they are great climbers/.
Safer Control
Introduction
-------
Oh, I suppose you |
spray chemical
pesticides
everywhere!
Poison! Poison!
PLEASE HELP US find a better way!
k< 1
M
Actually, the
method we use is called
IPM, or integrated pest
management. Mainly,
it gets rid of the
conditions that
help pests to survived
We start by inspecting the building and its surroundings for sources of food, water,
shelter, and movement routes needed by roaches and rodents to live.
Cluttered lot with chicken
pens and garbage
Food waste
Plastic bag of garbage is accessible
by rodents and other animals. Broken
sidewalk provides shelter for rats.
Safer Control
Integrated Pest Management Handbook
IPM Inspection
-------
f siirrouri4ir}0& oitefi provide sources
^ routes
. ---^*-'--^:
Outdoor food Water md efielter attract and sustain
andal&o .fn»te-it*i?i0ttvwieni^rtlM^ to enter our
Safer Control
IPM Inspection
-------
1^
Exterior
pipes and
wires.
Our inspection© atec? took for 0kiltai% food,
/!, 4s-" " -' ,' ."f '""-' "" -> " *
'.; c"J':;" - and aoca@5 routes. ' ;
Rat damage ^iue to
improper food storage.
Pet foo^l and water
Safer Control
fPM Inspection
-------
In our detailed indoor inspections
we look everywhere for food,
water, shelter and
access routes.
Indoor water source
Indoor food
Containers
with water, wet
mop
food.
Safer Control
IPM Inspection
-------
Outdoor
At Heating Duct
(rodents)
Ceiling Tile Hole
(rodents & roaches)
Door Knob Hole
(roaches & mice)
Standing water also
provides breeding area
for mosquitoes
Telephone
Connection
(roaches)
Under Peeling
Paint (roaches)
Steam Riser (roaches)
Safer Control
IPM Inspection
-------
Hole at radiator
Roaches & roach feces in cabinet
Kitchen
Roaches at cabinet
door hinge
Safer Control »
IPM Inspection
-------
Food wastes &
rodent/roach feces
under, and behind
and in rear of
refrigerator
Hot water pipe behind
sink (roach feces)
Crack in wall behind appliance
(rodents & roaches)
Roach in
refrigerator
hinge
Exposed food and water
Food waste under stove top
Roaches
hide under
insulation of a
dishwashers
and other
appliances
Safer Control
IPM inspection
-------
Bathroom Cabinets
Roaches
beside bath
vanity
Holes in floor
and wall
Roaches & roach feces in
bathroom vanity cabinet
Roaches
inside bath
vanity
HarFurniture
Severe rat damage
Food spillage
(candy, popcorn
and other food crumbs)
Roaches under furniture skirt
Safer Control
IPM Inspection
-------
Qwtfcer
Behind pictures or mirrors
Roach on wall calendar
Outdoor Clutter
Safer Control
IPM Inspection
-------
Following inspection:
Is/IONITOR.INO is what we do to verify what pests are located where.
Monitoring specific locations before and after corrective actions tells us how successful
our IPM work has been.
Flashlight (rechargeable)
Inspection
mirror with
telescopic
handle (to
look around
corners and
into tight
areas)
Tamper-
resistant
bait box
(to protect
rodent baits)
Sticky
trap with
pheromone
attractants
(self-sticking)
to catch
roaches
Sticky trap with pheromone
attractants (self-sticking)
to catch roaches
Wire
(to attach non
toxic baits to
fixed objects)
Magnifying glass (to
indentify insects and
droppings)
Mini Pry-Bar
(to loosen
and
look under
or behind
boards)
Double-sided
tape
(to re-attach
sticky traps)
Non-toxic bait
blocks
(to monitor
rodent
activity)
5ome methods and "tools" are the same as for inspections; some monitoring methods can
also eliminate a few pests. A few "tools" are shown above and in the following pages.
Heat from
a hair dryer
will flush out
roaches.
Safer Control
It is best to keep
detailed records
on all observed
pests, evidence
of pests, and
pest conditions.
Integrated Pest Management
Handbook
iPM inspection/Monitoring
-------
Glue (sticky) traps should be placed near areas
where cockroaches or other evidence was seen
while inspecting.
Beside bath vanity
Inside bath vanity
Safer Control
IPM Monitoring
-------
jn
th^ intensity
Commercial products are available; however,
- yy homemade blocks of melted paraffin wax
mixed with grains- or birdseed may work
similarly.
With thin wire, attach non-
toxic baits to fixed objects
to prevent them from being
carried away by rodents or
other animals.
If baits cannot be hidden or made
inaccessible, a tarn per-resistant bait
box can be used to keep non-toxic baits
away from children and pets.
After a few days of exposure, a
gnawed block indicates rodent activity.
Experience will help
you know the differences
between gnawing by mice, rats
and large roaches. Avoid confusion
- prevent access by pets and children.
Safer Control
IPM Monitoring
-------
Snap traps are available
in mouse size and in
rat size, and will kill the
animal. These traps
MUST BE PROTECTED
from children and pets.
Metal snap trap "stations" safely hold snap
traps that are set, but do not interfere with
trap function. For additional safety and to be
out of reach by pets and children, hide stations
under objects (e.g., boxes, boards).
Open glue traps are
useful to monitor
mice in areas without
children or pets. Glue
traps for rodents
should be checked
This box trap can
capture several mice,
but should be checked
and emptied every
few days. The low
height makes it easy
to use under furniture
and other objects; a
transparent lid helps
you see captures.
This wind-up box
trap can capture
mice for several
days; however, it
should be checked
and emptied every
few days. A transparent lid and
end wall helps you see captures.
The internal trigger of this box trap for
rats makes it easy to hide under or
behind objects and it is not likely to be
accidentally tripped.
Safer Control
IPM Monitoring
-------
TREATMENTS
actions, Interventions) are vvhajtwe do to try
to eliminate pe&te and the damage by them.
The typical first treatment is
to thoroughly vacuum every
place roaches, rodents, their
droppings, and food wastes
can be found.
We vacuum high locations
then downward so we always
get materials that fall from
light fixtures', ledges, and
shelves. A vacuum cleaner
with HEPA filtering is used
to ensure removal of small
particles (including many
allergens).
^
Remember: many people are
allergic to droppings and other
body wastes of roaches and
rodents!
Safer Control
Integrated Pest Management Handbook
IFM Treatments
-------
hair, roaches, f0ach feces & egf cases,
dust, >fe$f particles, Get all around, urMer;&
appliance^ .artdfufriltyfe, and all cracks & crevices
of -.«|jft^ fbcrs, Place vacuum ba0
into seated
discard
each day
For hard-to see areas, flush roaches out
with a hair dryer while vacuuming.
CARPET VACUUM CLEANERS should have a
"beater bar" or rotating brush to loosen dust, allergens,
and tracked-in dirt; and HEPA filtering to trap very small
particles.
Safer Control
fFM Treatments
-------
Hard (non-porous) surfaces are washed with soap and warm
water to remove pest saliva, urine and feces, and food residues.
must be rinsed often fn clean .water,. Sfnce.
soluble, care must te takisn.^? remove
simply spread them ground.
Sponge mops
work best.
Always hang
mops so they
can dry.
Clean, dry, and well-maintained kitchens make life difficult for
roaches & rodents.
* Safer Control *
-------
13asic tools and materials for IPM
are commonly available.
Tape
measures
Pry-bar
Screw
& nails
Pliers
Hammer
Screw-
drivers
Pliers
Scissors
Utility
knife
Poor stops
Sheet
metal
flashing
Drywall
corner
Knitted copper mesh
» Safer Control *
Caulking
Spackle
Foam
*
backer
rods
Caulking
gun
We use
these items
for pest
stoppage
(to seal
cracks,
crevices,
and voids)
and other
repairs.
ALWAYS REAP
PRODUCT LABELS
FOLLOW SAFETY
INSTRUCTIONS.
# IPM Treatments
-------
Where roaches and rodents are active, we often combine pest
stoppage and other treatments with trapping (for mice or rats)
and/or limited application of low-toxic pesticides.
Silicon Dioxide from
Diatomaceous
Earth/DE (roaches)
Hydramethylnon
Gel Bait (roaches) ;;"]";X/^'V:
Boric Acid Powder
(roaches)
Container for filling
bulb duster
Boric Acid Gel Bait
(roaches)
Chlorophacinone
Bait (rodents)
Plastic bottles can be used in place of bulb dusters
Bulb dusters for
applying Boric Acid
Powder or Silicon
Dioxide (DE)
Always label containers of pesticides.
Safer Cotrtrot'
1FM TreatwerrCs *
-------
Only use pesticides that are officially registered with the U.5.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and with your state's
environmental authority
Spackle or caulk over minor
cracks and cervices.
For deep cracks and
crevices, treat with
boric acid powder, add
backer rod, then caulk
over.
Before sealing voids, blow in
boric acid powder if roaches
are present.
When deep cracks and crevices and voids are
pretreated with boric acid powder and then
sealed, a long-term (years) cockroach killing trap
is created!
Safer Control«
fPM Treatments
-------
FJJf the-groove in shelving
tatoMe to prevent
Caulk backsplash of
kitchen sink.
Knitted copper
mesh will prevent
pest access under
cabinets.
You can use knitted copper
mesh and caulk at baseboard
& floor interface.
Caulk shelving.
We caulk ail
cracks and crevices
of baseboards (after
blowing-in boric
acid powder where
roaches are active).
Caulking around Intercom
and phone j
«IPM
-------
Bulb dusters have extension
tubes t<9 help place boric acid
(or other) powder pesticides
where needed.
Cockroach baits of boric add gel or paste, or hydramethylnon
can be useful in areas where a powder insecticide may not be
desired. Many well distributed, small dabs of bait
work better than large globs.
E3ait all wall hangings
showing roach
activity.
Here I am baiting
where roaches live
under skirts of
stuffed furniture
'm lightly dusting
silicon dioxide
(PE) under the
appliances. I could
have used boric acid
powder instead.
m baiting a
window frame with
boric acid gel.
Safer Control«
IPM Treatments
-------
When it is necessary to directly remove rodents from indoor living areas, the first
choice should be traps as shown earlier in the MONITORING Section.
If poisons (rodenticides) are needed, chose those that have an effective, easy-
to-find antidote in case a child or pet is accidentally poisoned. Two low-toxic
examples are baits containing: chlorophacinone or warfarin.
Chlorophacinone grain-based bait
warfarin bait blocks and pellets
Baits can be grain-
based, in blocks, or
in pellets; all are
available in packets
of several sizes.
Maximize safety by placing rodenticide baits in locking tamper-resistant bait
stations made of durable plastic or metal (this type of "box" was also shown in
Monitoring Section).
Tamper-resistant bait
boxes shoiuld be anchored
to the floor (indoors) or
ground (if outdoors).
Safer Control
IPM Treatments
-------
Keeping pests out, preventing their access, and eliminating their
shelter will have a major
long-term Impact
in reducing
pests.
Attach doorstop and then patch up the hole. Note caulked baseboard.
Knitted copper mesh
wrapped around backer
rod works well to exclude
mice from large gaps.
Knitted copper mesh
coated with caulk will
prevent access by
mice and roaches at
radiator pipes.
Door Thresholds should be carefully checked for voids underneath that allow roaches
(or mice) to hideseal up with cement, caulk or other
appropriate material.
A doorsweep helps keep out pests.
Taking your shoes off and using a doormat
reduces dust, dirt and toxins that would be tracked Into your home.
« Safer Control *
IPM Treatments
-------
Adding weatherstripping to a doorframe can help
prevent roach passage (also saves on energy costs).
Metal dry wall corner can be used to close the gap between the wall and floor. Sheet
metal flashing covers a rat hole. All such repairs can be caulked,
spackled and painted as needed.
Food is stored in pest-resistant containers or the refrigerator
Indoor garbage and rubbish must be stored in pestproof containers.
Remove garbage and rubbish every evening to pestproof outdoor storage.
Recycle bin &
small metal
garbage can
with tight
fitting lid.
« Safer Control
* IPM
-------
Store outdoor garbage and rubbish
in pestproof containers.
Tidy alleyway with garbage cans on
right and recyclable storage on left.
Containers for specific
types of recyclables and a
large metal dumpster for
refuse.
Always
close
the lid
tightly.
Dometop refuse containers
with spring-shut doors are
excellent for public areas.
Mote:
Refuse is garbage (e.g.,
food wastes) and rubbish
(e.g., metal, paper) mixed
together.
90-100 gallon refuse
container with wheels
and hinged lid exclude
pests, are easy
to handle, and are
emptied by specially
equipped collection
trucks.
Always
close
the ['id
tightly.
Safer Control
»IPM Treatments
-------
Alway5
think of how you can make
life difficult for pests. Use
pestproof containers for
food &forgarbage; clean
the kitchen counters,
appliances & floors;
use sponge mops;
seal cracks & crevices;
screen windows; use
doorsweeps; reduce
clutter; and repair
water leaks.
This IPM
stuff could
also help
reduce
asthma
attacks.
To help reduce indoor allergens and
other respiratory Irritants: vacuum often
with a HEPA filtering vacuum cleaner; use
doormats (both outdoors and Indoors
work best); and wash hard surfaces
with soap and water.
I have friends and relatives
with these same problems.
It seems
like everybody is
having the same problems with
roaches, mice & rats. We just
need to manage food and garbage,
and keep the place clean, dry, and
repaired.
If we all work
^together, along
with the building
manager, I know
we can do it!
At least these are
conditions that WE can
correct -- within our
own homes.
\ **;..
can offer
professional scientific
help. Other pest control
technicians should be
able to do the same.
think I would like to be
a scientist too ...
Remember, before attempting IPM work, you must understand
what the pest is, where it lives, and what food, water, and shelter
support It.
Success will depend on your knowledge as much as your actions.
Safer Control
Integrated Pest Management Handbook
IPM Summary
-------
Don't let the details drive you away.
/PM
As long as you
keep everything clean, dry and repaired.
IPM TOOLS ARE SIMPLE
THE PROCESS IS DETAILED
THE REWARDS ARE GREAT!
-------
PHOTOLITERATURE PROJECT CREDITS
PARTICIPANTS & ACTORS
Luis Acosta, William Ceschi, Rachel Chaput, Dor Tai Chan, Antonio Chang, Tat Lau Chou, Liza Chow,
Andela Compres, Jose de la Cruz, Georgina Cruz, Rosa de la Cruz, Luk Eng, Stephen Frantz, Angel
Garcia, Pedro Garcia, Bail Gong, Gabriel Gonzalez, Erik Gronning, Robert Heiny, Ann Henderson,
Reinhard Humburg, Scott Ito, Andy Kim, Cheuk Fan Lin, Denise Lopez, Dulce Lopez, Mauricio Lopez,
Naomi Lopez, Luis Mates, Maxine Neuman, Francisco Palacio, Delia Pena, Shek Ho Ping, Shanequia
Ragin, Andrew Reicher, Gregorio, Rivas, Carmen Rodriguez, Francisca Rodriguez, Miriam Rodriguez,
Alfonso Rogel, America Rosado, Carmen Ubieria, Fernando Veras, Otis Williams, Ya Lan Zhao, and
others.
COORPINATING GROUP
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Empire State Plaza, Albany,
NY; Urban Homesteading Assistance Board (UHAB), 120 Wall Street, New York, NY; Asian Americans
for Equality (AAFE), 277 Grand Street, New York, NY.
PROJECT STAFF
Director- Stephen C. Frantz, Vector Biology & Comprehensive Management Program,
Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH [current: GEO - contact: frantzs@mac.com]
Field Coordinators - Ann Henderson, UHAB; Scott Ito, AAFE
Consultants - Robert Heiny, Ants & Things Pest Control, Bayport, NY; Ann Henderson, UHAB;
Scott Ito, AAFE; Andrew Reicher, UHAB
Writer-Producers - Rachel Chaput, Stephen Frantz, Ann Henderson, Matthew Hiester,
Scott Ito, Stuart Lehrman, and Andrew Reicher
Photography Stephen Frantz (unless noted otherwise)
Graphic Design/Layout - Photo/'Illustration Department, Wadsworth Center,
NYSDOH, Albany, NY
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA), Region 2, New York, NY; Wadsworth
Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY; Urban Homesteading Assistance Board
(UHAB), New York, NY
Disclaimer: The illustration or mention of specific products in this document does not
represent endorsement by the funding agencies, collaborating organizations,
or any participants; other products of equal quality and effectiveness
may be available m the marketplace.
Published 2006 ©GEO (Contact Dr. Frantz at 510.677.0001)
ReAce ^> then Recycle I
-------
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to
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------- |