Progress Evaluation Meeting Volume 2 In The Matter Of Pollution Of The Interstate Waters Of The Grand Calumet River Calumet River Wolf Lake Lake Michigan And Their Tributaries


Progress Evaluation Meeting
     Volume 2
     In the matter of pollution of the
     interstate waters of the Grand Calumet River,
     Little Calumet River, Calumet River, Wolf Lake,
     Lake Michigan and their tributaries
                                Wednesday,  March 15, 1967
                                   U. S. Department of the Interior
                            Federal Water Pollution Control Administration

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           DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR




FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
                    Conference
In the Matter of:








Progress Meeting In the Matter of Pollution of the




Interstate Waters of the Grand Calumet River, Little



Calumet River, Calumet River,  Wolf Lake, Lake Michigan




and Their Tributaries








                            Wednesday, March 15,  1967




                            Chicago,  Illinois
                   VOLUME II

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                                                      277

                    D. G. Ballinger

   Key to Symbols and Abbreviations In the Tabulated Data

     *    Data deleted;  ( )* number of results deleted
          before final computation
** GRW-P  Gary Raw Water, Preserved
GRW-NP    Gary Raw Water, Not Preserved
SDPP-RW-P South District Filtration Plant, Raw Water,
          Preserved
SDFP-RW-NP  South District Filtration Plant, Raw Water, Hot
          Preserved
Lake      Lake Michigan water taken at Gary-Hobart Water
          Corp. Raw Water Intake
River     Indiana Harbor Canal water taken at 151st St.

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D. G. Ballinger

MR. STEIN: Mr. Ballinger, would you continue,

MR. BALLINGER: This study was conducted and the

report prepared under the direction of L. E. Scarce, Chairman,

Laboratory Directors. Eleven laboratories cooperated and the

study involved five series of samples, both synthetic and

natural, with a total of 29 samples analyzed in triplicate.

The first series of samples, distributed on

September 9> 1965> yielded unsatisfactory results, chiefly

due to lack of experience with ammonia nitrogen concentrations

less than 0.10 mg/1 and the diversity of analytical procedures

used by the cooperating laboratories.

Subsequent samples series produced improvementj

the fifth series yielded the precision and accuracy summarized

on Page 10 of the report.

Briefly, the report indicates that the majority of

the participating laboratories were able to obtain a value

within ^0.02 mg/1 of the true ammonia nitrogen concentration

when analyzing Lake Michigan waters and within £ 0.29 mg/1

when analyzing river water samples. The Autoanalyzer pro-

cedures yielded values within / 0.01 mg/1 and ^ 0.09 mg/1

The above accuracies were obtained by strict ad-

herence to the recommended methods. Extreme care and skill
-------
295

D. G. Balllnger

are required to reach these levels of performance.

The limit of detectabillty for ammonia nitrogen

in Lake Michigan waters appears to be 0.02 mg/1 with the

distillation procedure and 0.01 mg/1 with the AutoAnalyzer.

It is recommended that "only those results from

laboratories showing the continuing capability to analyze

to an accuracy of t 0.02 mg/1 or better, should be accepted

in a monitoring operation when analyzing for ammonia nitrogen

levels below 0.06 mg/1."

MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr. Ballinger.

L
Are there any comments or questions?

(No response. )

MR. STEIN: If not, I would like to commend you

and your committee for this work.

Again, I think this is one of the real problems

we have in this and many allied fields. When we deal with

material such as we dealt with here, ammonia, and in very low

concentration, the ability to detect these is often the most

difficult problem we have. As Mr. Ballinger indicated, it is

Now, again I think this will show you what can be

done in one of these Pederal-State-local-industrial coopera-

When we began analyzing our results as they first
-------
D. G. Ballinger

came in, the technical people came to us with a severe prob-

lem and were somewhat dismayed, because the samples they took

on the ammonia and sent to the various laboratories came back

with wide disparate results. In order to get a true picture,

we just could not proceed in that manner, so we tried to get

this coordinated and turned loose the best technical people

we could get without regard from where they came -- whether

they came from the Sanitary District, the State, industry

or the Federal people -- to work on the problem and work up

methodology and a procedure.

I guess the challenge always is to take a sample

and split that among three, four, five or six laboratories

and have them all come back, after working in the blind with-

out knowing what the others are doing, and get a result that

is pretty accurate.

Evidently, these people have done it. This shows

that sometimes when we work on a problem and put our minds to

it, we can do it. This analysis technique of ammonia has

been one of the most difficult and vexing tha*' we have had,

and I am happy to see that essentially it has been solved.

A year ago I was not sure if any one of us would have made a

prediction that it could be solved, so I think the laboratory

people have done a magnificent job with this.

Mr. Poston?
-------
MR. POSTON: I have no further statements at

MR. STEIN: ft this point we will stand recessed

for ten minutes.

(Whereupon a recess was had. )

MR. STEIN: May we reconvene?

I understand some people may be having some diffi-

culty in hearing. I recognize this may be the case because

of the lack of a public address system here.

In the future, if that occurs, will those people

who have difficulty in hearing just raise their hands and

that will catch our attention.

With that, we will call on Mr. Poole for Indiana.

MR. POOLE: Well, Mr. Chairman, the presentation

for Indiana will be made a little later by Perry Miller, who

is known to all of you, but before that I have two gentlemen

in the room, both of whom have to leave before noon, and with

your indulgence, I would like to call on Dr. John B. Nicosia,

who is Mayor of the City of East Chicago.

STATEMENT OP DR. JOHN B. NICOSIA, MAYOR

OP THE CITY OP EAST CHICAGO, INDIANA
-------
J. B. Nicosia

DR. NICOSIA: Mr. Chairman:

My name is Dr. John B. Nicosia, Mayor of the City

of East Chicago, Indiana.

I welcome the opportunity to present the views of

East Chicago, principally because we think this city is an

excellent example of why the Public Works Committee of the

House of Representatives has scheduled to hold hearings on

April 25, 1967.

The situation briefly is this:

The conferees have adopted criteria and a time

schedule which the public feels to be both reasonable snd

objective. Since the Federal and State agencies have agreed

However, the task of determining how the job can

be done has not been accepted by the conferees, but has been

lefo to the cities. We do not argue with this. We think

we should propose..

Yet we have found that there are no techniques

now available which are within any reasonable economic limits

So we applied to the Federal Government for two

grants to try to develop reasonable methods or means of

treatment. The Federal agency agreed to those grants, which

means they concede that such methods are needed.
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J. B. Nicosia

I would point out at thia time that we in East

Chicago are no different from other cities. We are short of

money. We are very short of money to do the things we want

to do for our people, provide them with jobs, good housing,

top education, and health and medical care. It is our

responsibility to see that any money spent — in any field

— is effectively spent and not wasted.

I want the record to show at this time, rather

than at some late date, that we feel establishing a time

schedule without knowing how the job is to be done is, to

say the least, premature.

We do not plan to do any stalling. We hope to

solve the problem and we will keep you informed of our program.

It just boils down to one thing, and this I think

I have stated before at previous meetings. It is a question

of economics, ladies and gentlemen. It is not .a question of

how to solve this problem.

We local authorities know how to do it, but we

just can't get that money from the taxpayers in order to do

the job, and unless the Federal Government comes up with some

other type of formula that is going to be feasible, that is

going to be acceptable, one that we can live with on a local

basis, it is a long way from getting this problem solved.

Thank you so much.
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J. B. Nicosia

MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mayor.

Are there any comments or questions?

MR. KLASSEN: Yes, Mr. Chairman, Just if the

Mayor would amp.ufy this a little.

Being in an enforcement agency, I hear this same

thing in Illinois.

I have a very high regard for the Mayor. You said

you can't get money from the taxpayers. Have the taxpayers

in your town turned down a bond issue?

DR. NICOSIA: Yes, sir. They have turned down a

bond issue for an incinerator plant, which is absolutely

We do open dumping, ladies and gentlemen, which is

actually a method that has gone by with the Indians, and this

is the only method that we have.

I proposed an incinerator for my city, and I was

turned down, maybe on account of political ramifications, if

you want to call it such; but anyway, it was turned down,

so I imagine that if I could not get an incinerator that is

needed, and my dump is within the city limits, imagine me

going down and telling the taxpayers, "I want to clean the

waters of the Grand Calumet River."

They are going to say, "Well, who is dirtying it?

I'm not."
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J. B. Nicosia

We can't use the Calumet River as it is. It will

never happen in our lifetime that we are going to have our

children going up and down — not in my lifetime, anyway --

that our children are going to go up and down the streams of

the Grand Calumet, Little Calumet, out to Lake Michigan.

We all know Just exactly what flows through this

particular stream or water or canal, or whatever you want to

call it, and unless we get aid from some agency other than

on a local basis, this is not going to be solved.

Gentlemen, this is no joke. You are not going to

be able to do the job, and that's all there is to it.

I just gave you a good example of something that

is absolutely necessary, and that is an incinerator, and I get

turned down because we are loaded up to here with taxes.

You hear this -- all of us hear this every day,

those of us in public life.

So, unless something is done in this manner, I

don't know what the solution is.

MR. KLASSEN: If there is a serious question,

Mayor, I agree with you, but there are Federal grant programs,

and does Indiana have any statute -- we do in Illinois -- if

a town is ordered to abate pollution, they can issue bonds

without a referendum.

DR, NICOSIA: Well, it is easy to say. You just
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J. B. Nicosia
go ahead and issue a bond without a referendum, and you take
it before the local people.
I don't know how you do it in Illinois, but I
don't think it would be actually legal in the State of
Indiana to do so.
How can you say to a local authority, "We are
going to issue bonds now and you are going to pay it, whether
you like it or not"?
They must have a voice. You are actually indulging
in taxation witnout even representation or without even a
hearing. How can this be done?
MR. KLASSEN: It is being done.
DR. NICOSIA: Well, then, somebody is violating
the law and I don't think it is the taxpayer.
(Laughter.)
MR. KLASSEN: Well, it is the law in Illinois,
so nobody is violating the law.
(Laughter.)
DR. NICOSIA: Well, I am just talking about
Indiana. I don't know how you onerate in Illinois, but I
certainly agree with you, something has to be done. We would
like our taxpayers to agree on this thing, but how can I tell
them that you have to pay for that dirty water that goes in
there?
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Are you crazy'} Are you kidding? I need money

for recreation facilities and community centers in my town.

The children are playing out in the streets. I care less

about what goes in the water. That is your Job to take care

of it, and 'I will say it is the Federal Government's job to

do so, so we are just playing a game, and this is exactly

what is happening.

MR. KLASSEN: Of course, if all the municipalities

— and taking into consideration the tremendous amount of

money the Chicago Sanitary District has paid -- if we all

took that atcltude, we would never get any place.

DR. NICOSIA: Let's not talk about the Chicago

Sanitary District. (Laughter.) Don't tell me about the

Chicago Sanitary District now.

MR. KLASSEN: _That's all, Mr. Chairman.

MR. STEIN- Any more questions?

Mayor, I think there may be some other comment.

DR. NICOSIA: I will be happy to listen to anybody.

MR. STEIN: Mr. Poston?

MR. POSTON: I would like to ask the Mayor how he

is coming along with this million and a half grant for

advanced waste treatment and separation.

DR. NICOSIA: Well, you know we received two grants.
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304

•T. B. Nicosia

One was for $450,000. We had to match $150,000 on a grant.

In fact, the equipment is coming on. This will be the first

in the State of Indiana.

We are always the first — the first to pollute,

the first to do everything — but anyway, coming to this

particular problem, we are ready to move on this thing.

Coming to the second one, you are talking now

about the 200 million gallon water basin, whatever it is,

that we are proposing to install?

MR. POSTON: Yes.

DR. NICOSIA: Well, we received a grant of $1,700,000

I believe it is -- I don't know exactly -- my sanitary engineer

here can tell you.

A VOICE: Louder, please.

DR. NICOSIA: We have received a million and some-

thing from the Federal Government as their part in this water

treatment lagoon that we are going to build out there, but

the whole project is going to cost a total of probably $3

million. Then we come back to the same thing — "Where

you going to getta the money?" (Laughter.)

This is a problem. It is no joke. It is fine

for us to be humorous, but why have conferences, and tell us,

"You're Peg's bad boy. Now you are polluting the turning

basin over here in the Indiana Harbor Ship Canal. Now, you
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305

had better do something about it. What are you going to do?"

How can I do it? I have no magic formula. I

have no chemicals that I can say I transpose polluted water

into clean water.

However, gentlemen, unless this is done, as far

as the industries are concerned or those who are polluting as

polluters, because they are in the business and have to throw

the stuff in, this is your responsibility and you have to take

care of it 100 percent. I, as a law enforcement officer by

virtue of my office in my city, I make sure that my industries

are going to do the job* and I can say to you today that they

are doing the job, because since our last conference there

has been an awful lot of progress in the industries.

Youngstown and Inland Steel and all of the others are putting

in their equipment. This I will say. If they hadn't done

it, I gave them a little spanking the last time, but I must

give them a pat on the back now.

However, you cannot -- you cannot expect a local

government today to come up with 50 percent. Right now the

State doesn't give us 5 cents on the old formula on this

one million and a half. Do you expect us to come up with

50 percent? Are you kidding? And this is the basic thing.

We could do the job. We know what is wrong with

our city. We know. Just give us the money and we will show
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306

you. We will show you how to do it, because there is nobody

who knows it better than ourselves. And you know this to be

a fact, that it is a question of money, and you Just can't

say to the people, "We are going to tax you whether you like

I would have to take the first freight back to New

York, where I came from, and this is no joke.

So, it is up to you when you come through and

you confer on this thing, that you must come in with a

definite formula as to how we are going to proceed on this

thing. Unless this is done, gentlemen, we can have con-

ferences for another forty years.

Any other questions?

MR. STEIN: Yes, Mayor.

DR. NICOSIA: Go ahead, boy.

MR. STEIN: I think, if I understand your situa-

tion — and your city has been most cooperative —

DR. NICOSIA: Most cooperative. We have been the

most progressive, I would say, in the whole area, if you want

to know the truth, even including the metropolitan City of

Chicago. Yes, sir.

MR. STEIN: But, as I understand it, you have full

secondary treatment of your municipal wastes and chlorination

of the effluent?
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307

DR. NICOSIA: That's right. We were the first

ones to chlorinate our effluent, way before even the first

Do you remember that, Murray?

MR. STEIN: That's right.

DR. NICOSIA: In fact, you had it included in your

little blue book.

MR. STEIN: Now, here is what we are talking about,

and I don't think there is any argument here. This is a

perspective that you have to get into.

I don't think we are dealing with East Chicago

in the sense of a city not having a treatment facility and

not having it in.

The basic kind of operation that we have recommended

here is secondary treatment of municipal wastes, and chlorina-

tion and disinfection of the effluent. They are doing it.

What I think the Mayor is talking about is a further

refinement of the wastes by tertiary treatment, and also deal-

ing with stormwater overflows.

Now, I suspect that most of you in the audience

may be familiar with that, but these are the wastes that run

into the sewers when we have a rain. In many of the older

cities, we have these combined sewers, but again, as Americans,

we insist in paving more and more of our country. As the
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J. B. Nicosia
rain comes down, we get tremendous flows into the water.
Now, you go back east and you practically have
the whole country in the East paved from Boston down to
Richmond. You can imagine what happens after a rain in all
those street washings that go down. In addition to that, a
lot of these are the same sewers that carry wastes during dry
weather flow.
When we faced this job, the cities brought this up
with the Congress. The Congress at this point looked at the
proposed bill of separating all these sewers, looked at the
price tag that was proposed, threw up their hands and said
there has to be a better way.
Largely, this is a problem which is plaguing the
older, more industrialized cities, and you almost bring this
up to the kind of national program like a public roads
program. Before they are ready to embark on that, they want
to take a real careful look.
In order to take a real careful look, they have
come up with a demonstration grant program over a period of
years to see if perhaps more reasonable, or certainly more
economical, alternatives can be worked out, and I think your
city was in the forefront in coming up with a demonstration
on that.
Now, what the Congress did provide in this kind
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309
J. B. Nicosia
of grant was that the locality would have to put up some of
the money. But this is the issue we are faced with.
Again, Mayor, as we see this, I do not think, as
far as I can see the Congressional temper, although the
grants are going up, that when we know the answers to these
things, when we begin to work on them, that we are going to
get all the money from Uncle Sam.
The mayors did come in and ask for a 90 percent
grant, like on the roads program. Unlike the roads program,
we do not have a tax to be earmarked for this on a national
basis, and the funding is much more difficult.
I think the considered Judgment is this: That the
Federal grant program may move up to about the 50 percent
level. What they are trying to encourage is the States to
come through with a grant program, but the cities are going
to have to pick up some of the tab too.
DR. NICOSIA: Murray, we don't mind coming up
with 15 or 20 percent, but we Just don't feel that we can come
up with 50. It's Just an impossibility — that's all — at
this particular time, with many of the problems that are in
hand within a city of our type, where we have urban renewal.
You name it and we've got it.
You talk about industrial complex. You are
talking about the largest industrial city in the world per
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310
J. B. Nicosia
capita. There is no other city in this wide world other
than East Chicago, so you can imagine what type of a complex
we are talking about. We produce more steel than any city
in the world — Gary, Pittsburgh -- you name it.
So, you can imagine what kind of a complex, what
kind of ethnic groups we are leading into this city.
Something has to be done, and we don't intend to
spend 50 percent to clean up the Grand Calumet, so somebody
some day is going to catch a little minnow over there. That's
nonsense.
MR. STEIN: Mr. Klassen?
MR. KLASSEN: I will tell you what my concern is
here.
The Mayor has a point all right. I don't agree
with him, but it isn't the first time we disagreed.
As you will see when we present our detailed in-
formation this afternoon, five towns in this area, in Illinois,
have already completed this program of tertiary treatment.
They are not big industrial centers, but money comes Just as
hard to them as it does to you. They have completed the
program. Every other one is studying it and some are ready
for bids, but the five that have completed this program have
done it without any Federal grants. They spent all their own
money.
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J. B. Nicosia
Frankly, we don't see why they should make an
exception of any other city in Indiana for this kind of a
program.
DR. NICOSIA: Well, let me ask you this question,
now that you posed that to me: Has the State of Illinois
ever refused Federal grants?
MR. KIASSEN: Have they ever refused?
DR. NICOSIA: Yes. I ask you. You said that
these cities did not accept the Federal grants because they
did it on their own.
I pose a question to you: Has the State of
Illinois ever refused any Federal grant?
Why doesn't the State of Illinois do the Job, or
the City of Chicago, for that matter, do the job on their own
taxpayers without asking for monies from the Federal Govern-
ment?
MR. KIASSEN: Well, many of these other towns —
Chicago Heights, for example, is getting a Federal grant. I
am not saying that Federal grants should not be given. We
think they should.
DR. NICOSIA: So do I.
MR. KIASSEN: But I merely want to point^out that
the towns that have completed this so far have done it all on
their own money.
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312

DR. NICOSIA: It all depends on how much money you

are talking about. If you are talking about $150,000, that

is a drop in the bucket. When you start talking about

millions of dollars, then you are talking about something

I don't know what kind of grants these five cities

that you are talking about received. If they are not an

industrial complex, certainly their problems shouldn't be too

Now, how can you answer that?

But, you see, it isn't a question of argument

between us; it is a question that we all agree to the same

thing. We all agree that we have to do something about it,

but what we don't agree on is the formula that is set up now,

and unless this formula is changed where we can live with it

-- State participation to a certain percentage, and put the

little old local city down where we can at least survive --

you understand, because it isn't a question of 15 percent for

sewers, and then you come around and you want some more for

the roads, and you want some more for this, and you want some

more for that, and this poor guy says, "I might as well just

put myself in a welfare state and forget about the future

of my children." This is really getting to be a serious

problem.
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«T. B. Nicosia
Taxes are a big problem in my city, and every
other city.
So, all I ask of you is,, we agree that the problem
is there. We all agree that this is so. We recognize it.
What we want you to do is help us on how to solve it on an
economic basis. We know the formula and we know how to do it,
Just give us the money.
MR. KLASSEN: In other words, you want the money
to come from somebody else?
DR. NICOSIA: I just told you, I will participate
20 percent. I will sign a contract today.
MR. KLASSEN: Where does the other come from, from
taxpayers?
DR. NICOSIA: That is your business; that's not
mine. That is why you are here, to make some suggestions to
the Federal Government, to HEW, to the Congress, whoever it
happens to be — to the Congress on Rivers, Harbors and
Navigation.
Murray, do you agree with me?
MR. STEIN: Mayor, you put this as clearly or as
eloquently as you can.
DR^ NICOSIA: How much clearer can I be?
MR. STEIN: But I think here is the problem, and
this works both ways with the State. We can put up, say,
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311*
J. B. Nicosia

about 50 percent Federal money.

DR. NICOSIA: It's not enough.

MR. STEIN: You say maybe up to 25, so you have

a 25 percent difference. All right.

Some of the States have grant programs to match

the Federal programs, and some don't. Your State doesn't —

MR. POOLE: As of a week today.

MR. STEIN: We do have one? Maybe we have the

problem solved.

DR. NICOSIA: No, you don't. Wait a minute, I

don't know. This is news to me, but I am under the old

formula. Is it going to be revised, because otherwise I

can't accept that one million and some dollars, I'll tell you

MR. POOLE: Mr. Chairman, I don't think we are

going to resolve East Chicago's financing problem here on

a storm water demonstration project this morning.

The Indiana Legislature has. just enacted a law

and appropriated funds for a 25 percent State contribution to

the 660 projects.

Now, whether or not a stormwater demonstration

project is eligible under the Indiana law, I don't know, and

certainly I am not going to make Mayor Nicosia or any o^her
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317

to our swimming beaches.

This conference and other conferences have spent

a great deal of time and a great deal of money in striving

to ascertain solutions to the problems causec? by water pollu-

tion already in existence.

We are possibly threatened at this very moment

by an expansion program by one of the great steel producers

of this country with a land fill project, approximately in

this area (indicating).

I have no information, and to this moment the

steel corporations will give no information, as to the type

of facility that will be constructed on this land when it is

In my opinion, we ire dealing with a potential

additional problem of water pollution caused by the construc-

tion of this facility, and I would say to you that a tremendous

amount of time and a tremendous amount of money could be saved

by exploring the possibility of pollution caused by this

project before it actually takes place.

As I unde-stand it, the purpose of this meeting is

to discuss water pollution in the southern tip of Lake

Michigan. We appear before you to present a plea for an

investigation cf United States Steel's proposed land fill in

Gary as to its effect upon water quality in our area.
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318

I don't think it takes an engineer or a genius

to reason that if pollution is caused in this area, it is

going to spread to the entire area.

I want to say to you that we are concerned with

both the initial fill and with the ultimate use of the land

created by the fill. You know as well as I do any steel-

making process includes the potential of water pollution.

Whatever use is contemplated by the steel corportation

should be assessed and a determination made on its water

pollution potential.

We do not argue with the legal right of the steel

corporation to conduct this land fill. We have no complaint

with this proposed addition to our tax base. Quite the

contrary, we stand ready to welcome all new industrial develop-

ments, whether to existing industries or to industries wishing

to locate in our city. However, there is a greater and

overriding mandate which we cannot ignore, which you cannot

ignore. This is the safety and security of our limited

recreational facilities in Gary, and the security of our

I am sure that those of you who are familiar v

the northwest Indiana development history know that mo

Lake Michigan frontage is occupied by heavy industry

that these Industries through the years have poll1
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319

our air and our water, while showing little concern for the

elimination of these problems. Now that the Federal Govern-

ment, the State government and the local administration of

Gary have expressed, through the enactment of various air

pollution and water pollution laws, a serious desire to

eliminate these forms of pollution of our natural resources,

it seems to us that this is not the time to take a step back-

ward, but rather it is the time to implement these Interests,

to inform the public, to secure the necessary and vital

assurances that any additional land fill in Lake Michigan

will not tend to contaminate further these resources.

As you can see from these hastily drawn sketches

— and I know that because of their size everyone cannot see

them, but this first indication here shows the present shore

line and the present park facility in the City of Gary. I

will pass this down in just a moment.

The next sketch here shows the present park

facility, in green, the proposed park facility addition, and

the small boat harbor, the red part, already having received

preliminary approval from the Army Corps of Engineers.

The third sketch will show to you the proposed

land fill project as it will be when it is completed.

As you can see from these hastily drawn sketches, we

/e proposed through an application to the Federal Open
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320

Spaces Program, to increase the size of our Marquette Park

on Lake Michigan. In conjunction therewith, we are proposing

to build a small boat harbor to accommodate pleasure craft

and add to the value and diversity of the recreational use of

Gary's public beach.

It is 'the sanctity of these programs and of the

continued use of our beaches for swimming that concerns us.

All we ask for and really all we have ever asked

for is an impartial analysis of the potential impact of this

proposed land fill upon our Marquette Park. If such an im-

partial hearing reveals no concern for erosion, for destruc-

tion of our beaches, for curtailment of our development pro-

posals or for pollution of the quality of our water, then we

have no argument and welcome United States Steel's land fill

and development. However, the steel corporation has not, to

this date, given us guarantees assuring that the quality of

the water at the Gary beaches will be unaffected by its

development. We do not presuppose anything. We simply ask

that somebody concerned with water pollution determine for us

whether there is cause for alarm and that it be made a matter

of public record. The citizens of Gary demand nothing less.

This city of almost 200,000 suffers now from a historical dis-

interest in cultural and recreational goals. Our4 administra-

tion has strived through its entirety to change this trend
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321

and to provide for our citizens what they so desperately

need in the way of additional recreation.

In closing let me sum up by saying we have no ax

to grind. We have no ulterior motives. We simply believe

that if there is no cause for alarm, then all parties in-

volved should not hesitate to call for a public hearing to

expose the facts to the light of day.

Moreso, this apprehension has been somewhat

amplified by the clandestine work of these same steel com-

panies which defeated recent State proposals concerning water

rights studies and reclamation of submerged lands. These two

pieces of innocuous legislation would have served the people

of northern Indiana without inhibition from vested interests.

Albeit, our request is simple. With expert

testimony and consultation, it should be easy to establish

whether or not there will be pollution in the Gary beaches

from the construction of the land fill itself or from the

resultant use to which the land will be put. So far the

steel corporation has not even been willing to divulge the

intended use. We implore this body to recommend an investiga-

tion and to use its good offices and influences to secure the

assurances we seek.

Thank you, gentlemen.

MR. STEIN: Thank you. We will try to get those
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A. M. Katz

sketches of yours put into the record, but I doubt whether

we will be able to reproduce the color.

MAYOR KATZ: I might add just this, gentlemen:

That to this point, my voice has been a lone voice.

I have received a communication from Colonel

Bennett of the Army Corps of Engineers, and this telegram

was dated March llth, in which he advises me that he has

requested the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration

to investigate the work in question from the standpoint of

its effect on water quality.

He also states that:

"I have been informed that the State of

Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board is also

making an investigation."

Then he goes on to say that when the results of

ihese two investigations are available to him, that he will

ieet with me and give me the results of that investigation,

nd states that if in his opinion a public hearing is neces-

ary, that regardless of the cost involved, a public hearing

Then he goes on to say to me:

"The subject of shore erosion in the area in

question was fully investigated by my office in the

process of studying the small boat harbor. Briefly,
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A. M. Katz

"that study shows that Gary is in a nodal reach

with respect to Lake Michigan littoral currents.

Thus the east shore connection bulkhead of the

U.S. Steel work will have but slight effect on

the public beach, which begins about one-half

mile eastward. Our study shows that the small

boat harbor at Marquette Park itself, if con-

structed, will have little effect on the beaches

immediately adjacent. In any case, the effect

of the small boat harbor will preponderate over

any possible effect of the U.S. Steel bulkhead."

I read you this as a telegram from Colonel Bennett,

and then I call your attention to a by-line story in one of

the leading Chicago local newspapers, quoting an unidentified

engineer with the Army Corps of Engineers, and, as I under-

stand it from further information available to me, which I

am not at liberty to reveal at this time, the Chief Engineer

in Charge of Engineering -- that in his opinion there is a

serious problem involved with regard to sand, that the sand

would threaten the nearby beach area and act as a potential

trap for pollutants.

As I understand it, this report, while it is

given from an unidentified engineer in the Corps, this in-

formation was presented in the presence of Mr. Hicks, who is
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A. M. Katz

a technical liaison officer for the Chicago District of the

Corps, so that I am sure that if this body or if any official

body would undertake a public hearing, the truth could be

Regardless of what the truth is, let it stand in

the light of day, and if there is no pollution that is going

to be caused that will cause you gentlemen additional prob-

lems in the future, then I would hasten with you to urge U. S

Steel to proceed with this project.

MR. STEIN: For the purpose of the record, can we

put that whole article in, or would you rather not?

MAYOR KATZ: You can buy a copy of the Sun-Times

and copy it out, but I will be glad to give it to you.

MR. STEIN: Thank you.

(The article referred to is as follows:

CHICAGO SUN-TIMES, Wed., Mar. 15, 196?

ENGINEERS DIPPER ON THE GARY LANDFILL

BY MAX SONDERBY

There are conflicting views within the U. S.

Army Corps of Engineers on the effect a U.S. Steel Corp. land-

fill project would have on Gary's public beach.

Col. Edward E. Bennett, district engineer in
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325
A. M. Katz
Chicago, said in a wire to Gary Mayor A. Martin Katz the
project "will have but slight effect on the public beach
which begins about one mile eastward."
But a spokesman for the engineering division of
Bennett's office, who declined to be quoted by name, disagreed
with that analysis.
The engineer, after studying technical reports,
said Tuesday it appeared the landfill project would create a
build-up of sand deposited by lake currents. This wouj.d
threaten the nearby beach area and act as a potential trap
for pollutants, the engineer said.
Although the engineer declined to be quoted by
name, he was interviewed in the presence of Thomas Hicks,
technical liaison officer for the Chicago district of the
corps.
Mayor Katz earlier this month called for a federal
investigation of the landfill plans on the ground the project
could destroy Gary's remaining beach area and increase Lake
Michigan pollution.
Original plans for the project, approved in 1956,
called for the work to start at the Gary Works Harbor, at
the western edge of the company's shoreline property.
But a revision authorized by the Corps of
Engineers last fall without a public hearing allowed the firm
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326

to begin work on a right-angle shore arm at the eastern edge

of the landfill site nearest to Marquette Park bathing

The company halted work on the project after

Mayor Katz raised his objections. The Corps of Engineers

then asked another federal agency, the Water Pollution Control

Administration, to check on pollution possibilities arising

from the landfill.

Bennett, in his letter to Mayor Katz, said "the

subject of shore erosion in the area in question was fully

investigated by my office in the process of studying the

small boat harbor" proposed for Marquette Park.

Results of that study of lake currents indicate

the U. S. Steel landfill project would not have an adverse

effect on the beach, he said.

PROBLEM ELSEWHERE

By the engineer interviewed by The Sun-Times said

his study of lake currents indicated that a build-up of sand

would occur east of the steel firm's landfill.

A study of currents at nearby Burns Harbor, where

Bethlehem Steel Corp. plans a landfill, pointed to an average

annual deposit of 27,000 cubic yards of sand to the east of
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327
A. M. Katz
the landfill, the engineer said.
He said it is not known if the magnitude of the
build-up at the U. S. Steel facility would be similar.
Meanwhile, the U. S. Steel landfill is expected
to come up for discussion Wednesday at a meeting of the
Conference on Lake Michigan Pollution at U. S. Courthouse.
Representatives of Illinois and Indiana pollution control
agencies will be among those attending the federally sponsored
meeting.
On Thursday, Corps of Engineers and federal pollu-
tion officials are expected to review the U. S. Steel matter
with Mayor Katz. )
# * *
MR. STEIN: Are there any comments or questions?
MR. POOLE: I think Mayor Katz in his latter state-
ment there pretty well indicated what I was about to say, and
that is I presume you surmise that this has just come up
within the past few days.
Mr. Miller has spent some time up there already
and we have started an investigation. So has Mr. Poston's
office.
I am not going to attempt to speak for him, but
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328

the plan is that we work this investigation together. That

would be my view, that from Indiana's standpoint, from the

standpoint of the potentialities of pollution, my office is

in no position to determine the beach erosion, because we

have no experts on that at this time.

I think Wally may want to add a little to this,

MR. STEIN: Yes, Mr. Poston.

MR. POSTON: I might say that as a result of a

telegram from Mayor Katz to the Secretary, and as a result of

the telegram from Colonel Bennett of the Corps of Engineers,

we initiated an investigation of the situation at Gary, and

as late as Monday took samples at the U. S. Steel for analysis

to determine the effects on the water quality, but still this

would be material that will be used at the Gary installation.

We expect to have the analysis completed probably

later this week.

MAYOR KATZ: Mr. Poston, I can say this to you:

That when this matter was brought to my attention, I flew

over the area in question, just the very beginning of the

fill, and at that time we could see for a matter of miles the

drifting of the fill that was being used, this rust color;

and, as a matter of fact, the television cameras of a local

television station recorded it and you could see this
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329

drifting from the fill that was being put into Lake Michigan.

If you will come to Gary's shores this afternoon,

you can see this rust color for yourself.

Now, of course, when this was brought to the light

of day, the steel corporation announced that inadvertently

the wrong kind of slag had been used and that they were

changing the type of slag that they were going to use, and

that this problem wouldn't be prejsent any more.

Well, I just can't afford to fly over Lake Michigan

every day to watch and see what kind of slag they are using,

but all I am saying is that I think this is a situation where

you can do some preventive work in the area of water pollu-

tion instead of trying to clean it up after it takes place.

MR. POSTON: I think: that is a very good idea, and

I think our investigation, which will be completed this week,

will explain fully our position in this matter of affecting

MAYOR KATZ: And, of course, water pollution isn't

a problem that is confined to the city limits of the City of

Gary, or the State of Indiana,

What pollutes the water in Gary, Indiana, is going

to pollute the water in the City of Chicago. They have enough

over there without taking care of any of ours.

MR. POSTON: This report will go to Mayor Katz.
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330

MR. STEIN: Yes. As I understand it, they are

investigating and they expect to complete this investigation

very shortly, and the information is public information, so

you will have it.

MR. KLASSEN: Yes. I want to raise a point here.

I can see the Mayor is concerned about this, but

I am wondering, as conferees, and I would like perhaps an

expression from some of the other conferees -•- I have not

discussed it with any of them -- whether we aren'o setting a

precedent here that I believe was never intended, that- indi-

vidual problems that a city has with industries -- is this

the forum where they are going to bring them up for dis-

I do not visualize that as a function of these

conferees. To me, this is purely a control problem between

Gary and apparently U. S. Steel and primarily the State of

I would not predict that in Illinois, if we have

individual problems, we would run to the conferees for a

I just don't think this is the kind of a problem

that should come before the conferees. If there is pollution,

there are agencies. Apparently, they have already said that
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331

they will evaluate this.

However, I raise the point because if this is

what the conferees are going to get into, we are really

opening up the door for every industry and every municipality

that has a local problem to come to the conferees.

MAYOR KATZ: Mr. Klassen, with due respect to you,

it just seems to me that is the yery thing that you were

talking about in your conversation with Mayor Nicosia.

You were concerned about what the Indiana area

was doing to the waters of Lake Michigan because of the

effect over the waters surrounding the State of Illinois, and

I think the same thing is true here, that you can't say that

this water pollution problem caused by U. S. Steel — if it is

a problem that is caused by U. S. Steel in the City of Gary —

is not going to affect the waters that surround the State of

MR. KLASSEN: That's right. You made my point,

if it is a problem, and I don't think that these conferees

here should necessarily study and determine each individual

If you want the Federal Government involved in

this and the State of Indiana, I think that is primarily their

problem. If it is a problem, bring it to the conferees.

MAYOR KATZ: I was under the impression that this
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332

was an agency of the Federal Government, this conference.

MR. KLASSEN: I just want to express my opinion

I think we are opening up the conferees to every

particular problem, that if there is a controversy between

an industry and a city, that they bring it here, and I don't

visualize that this is our charge.

MR. STEIN: ^re there any further comments or

MR. STEIN: Thank you.

The reason for the bench conference here is that

the next presentation will be a long one and will make for a

late lunch, so, considering your patience, we will recess for

lunch and be back at a quarter after one.

(Whereupon, at 12:05 p.m., a luncheon recess was

taken.)
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333
P. E. Miller
AFTERNOON SESSION

MR. STEIN: May we reconvene?

MR. POOLE: Mr. Chairman, I am going to call on

Perry Miller now, who is Assistant Director of our Division

of Sanitary Engineering , who will present the report for

Indiana on the general progress report. Following Mr. Miller

we have three of the steel companies for reasonably brief

reports and, as far as I know, that will complete our

MR. STEIN: Thank you.

STATEMENT OP PERRY E. MILLER, ASSISTANT

DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEER-

ING, INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH,

INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

MR. MILLER: Mr. Chairman, Conferees, ladies and

My name is Perry Miller. I am Assistant Director

of the Division of Sanitary Engineering, Indiana State Board
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334

I am presenting a statement here on behalf of

the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board.

The Stream Pollution Control Board has continued

efforts to carry out the recommendations of the conferees,

Conference on Pollution of the Interstate waters of the

Grand Calumet River, Little Calumet River, Calumet River,

Wolf Lake, Lake Michigan and Tributaries (Indiana-Illinois).

At the Technical Session on January 4, 1966, the

conferees adopted the water quality criteria prepared by the

Technical Committee. These criteria were subsequently

approved by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

A copy of the Conclusions of the Technical Session,

February 2, 1966, was mailed to every Indiana participant

during March 1966. The transmlttal letter requested immediate

action on the conclusions relating to the participant.

The water quality monitoring program in the

Calumet area has been expanded since 1965. Supplemental

analyses are now conducted on five stations. A station at

the Wolf Lake State Line Culvert and Burns Ditch at the

Portage Boat Yard have been added. Beach samples are

collected during the months of May through September. The

data for all the Calumet stations are shown in the Appendices.

The Stream Pollution Control Board will hold a
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335

public hearing on April 10, 1967, in Gary on proposed

criteria for the Indiana waters of the Lake Michigan Basin.

The ciiteria adopted by the conferees will be used by the

Board in this hearing. In addition, criteria for the Indiana

Harbor Canal and all other waters of the basin will be

Twenty-five industrial plants have established

effluent monitoring programs and three industries have yet

to accomplish this. The monitoring data are maintained in

open files. Additional reductions have been made in BOD,

oil, ammonia-nitrogen, phenols, sulfides and suspended solids

by improved plant operation and housekeeping practices and

construction of new waste treatment facilities.

Fourteen industrial plants have adequate waste

control facilities; three have adequate waste treatment or

control facilities under construction; three have adequate

waste treatment or control facilities proposed; five have

additional waste treatment or control facilities under con-

struction, but additional treatment or control will be needed;

four need additional waste treatment or control facilities;

two are negotiating to connect to sanitary district sewer
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336
P. E. Miller

systems; three are revising plans, and these plans have been

revised as of this date, for waste treatment and control

facilities; and one plant is no longer operating.

Officials of industrial plants have proposed

completion of treatment facilities by December 1968, with

the exception of the five steel plants. Completion dates for

certain projects proposed by the steel plants are after

December 1968. The Board considered the preliminary proposals

of Inland Steel Company and Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company

satisfactory, with completion dates to December 1971 and

December 1970, respectively, subject to concurrence of the

conferees. Inland has in its statement moved the completion

of the terminal treatment up to May 1970.

The preliminary reports for U. S. Steel Corpora-

tion's Gary Steel Works, Gary Sheet and Tin Mill and Gary

Tube Works were considered unsatisfactory, and the Board

requested a higher degree of treatment and earlier completion

dates. Revised reports have been submitted and will be

presented to the Stream Pollution Control Board on March 31.

It is proposed by the corporation to complete construction

by December 1970.

Further reduction of threshold odor, oils, and

BOD will be required as well as improved operation of existing

treatment works, particularly at the four refineries and
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J J (

Union Carbide Chemical Corporation.

Continued progress has been made in the disin-

fection of effluents from sewage treatment plant effluents.

New chlorination facilities are ready for operation at

Hammond and the Gary-Miller District plant that serves East

Gary. Improvements to chlorination facilities have been

completed at East Chicago and Valparaiso.

New sewage treatment facilities, including efflu-

ent chlorination, were placed in operation at Dyer in the

fall of 1966 and improvements to facilities were completed

at Crown Point in November 1966. The Gary Sanitary District

started receiving sewage from the Merrillville Conservancy

District in June 1966. Sewer connections have already been

made for approximately 700 homes, several commercial estab-

lishments and at least two schools. A new southside sanitary

interceptor sewer is under construction by the Hammond

Sanitary District. This sewer will intercept the remaining

sewage and wastes that are now discharged to the Little

The Town of Porter is the only community with a

sewer system that has not provided treatment of sewage. The
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338

town Is under order of the Board and the order has been

referred to the Attorney General for enforcement.

The operation of many semi-public installations

has improved. Continued efforts are being made for connec-

tions to municipal systems where feasible. There are nine

which plan to connect to the Merrillville Conservancy District

as soon as sewers are available. Two others will connect to

Hobart in the future.

MR. STEIN: Mr. Miller, before you start in on the

detail, when you talk about 25 industrial plants having

effluent monitoring programs and three industries have yet

to accomplish this, will your details indicate which three

these are, and whether they Intend to do it?

MR. MILLER: These are indicated in the discussions

of each one of the individual industries, Mr. Chairman.

I would say that the three that have not are

relatively small and not of great consequence. One of them,

in fact, we consider as having adequate treatment facilities,

so I won't read that one in detail, but we would expect them

to do it just as soon as possible.

MR. STEIN: But you have no indication that they

are going to do it as of tnis date?

MR. MILLER: We have indications on two of them.

MR. STEIN: Right.
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339

MR. POOLE: Do you want to give him the names now?

MR. MILLER: I don't know whether I can give him

the names of them now or not.

MR. STEIN: That is all right.

MR. MILLER: One of them is M&T Chemicals, which

is proposing connecting to the sewer system in East Chicago.

MR. POOLE: All right.

MR. MILLER: I am trying to think of the other

MR. STEIN: That is all right. At least your out-

line of the progress is complete, and I think as long as we

are going to make progress on that issue, it looks like we

are in pretty good shape.

Would you continue, please?

MR. MILLER: Yes.

GRAND CALUMET - INDIANA HARBOR CANAL - LAKE MICHIGAN

East Chicago - The East Chicago Sanitary District

is continuing its program of accepting industrial waste that

can be treated at the sewage treatment plant. Industrial

waste from U.S.S. Lead Refinery, Inc., and General American

Transportation Corporation, and paint spray booth wastes from

Blaw-Knox Company, a portion of the Coke Plant wastes from
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3^0

Inland Steel Company, and ammonia-sulfide stripper bottoms

from Sinclair Refining Company are now discharged to inter-

ceptor sewers for treatment at the District plant. M&T

Chemicals, Inc., is proposing connection to the District.

Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company and Cities Service Oil

Company are proposing the discharge of certain wastes to the

District. The plant is treating 12 to 14 million gallons per

day and the effluent BOD and suspended solids average 10 to

12 mg/1. Phenols have averaged 9.6 parts per billion. Efflu-

ent chlorination was discontinued for a time during construc-

tion of improvements; however, effluent chlorination is again

being practiced.

The District has received a grant offer of

$1,044,120 to help finance a $3,116,533 storm water demonstra-

tion project. The project as planned will include a 200

million gallon capacity detention basin with aeration and

effluent chlorination facilities. The combined sewer overflow

from the storm water pumping station serving approximately one-

third of the city will discharge to this basin in addition to

the sewage plant effluent. Aeration facilities will be pro-

vided to maintain aerobic conditions in the effluent. The

project is now ready for final design and should go to con-

struction later this year.

The District has also received a grant offer of
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341

$^50,000 to help finance a $600,000 20gpm pilot project and

studies to develop feasibility for advanced waste treatment

for the effluent from the plant. The project will include

chemical treatment, settling, sand filtration and activated

carbon. If the pilot plant demonstrates feasibility, a 1.0

mgd pilot plant is proposed.

MR. STEIN: £gain, these are the things that the

Mayor talked about this morning.

MR. MILLER: Yes, sir.

MR. STEIN: He is not here any more.

MR. MILLER: I think I saw him come in. He is

sitting back over there.

MR. STEIN: There is one point in reading this

which is a part I don't understand. Maybe we can clarify it

for the record.

You have that grant offer to finance the storm

water demonstration project. Who asked for that money? Didn't

the city ask for it?

MR. MILLER: Yes, sir.

MR. STEIN: This is the part that gets me, and,

Mayor, if you want to answer this you may. This is what eludes

If the city does not have the money for it, why

did the city ask for this money in the grant? In other words,
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342

the Federal Government did not initiate it, or the State did

not give it to them. The city put in an application and

asked for this money, didn't they?

DR. NICOSIA: Yes. Do you want the answer?

MR. STEIN: Yes.

DR. NICOSIA: All right.

When we proposed this grant, it is exactly what

I tried to say to you on this podium this morning. When we

asked for this particular grant, we were in hopes that instead

of giving us 35 percent, which actually that is the breakdown

on the thing, figuring out $3>l66,533> whatever it happens

to be, and we got one-million-something.

MR. STEIN: Yes.

DR. NICOSIA: Actually, it is a 35 percent grant

by the Federal Government.

We were hoping we would be at least getting a 50

percent grant, which we did not get, and I must refer back

to this again, that unless we can participate on a Federal,

State and local basis, where we can only come up with 20 to

25 percent at the maximum, we can't go along with that.

However, we did take this grant reservation in the hopes that

the formula would be changed.

DR. NICOSIA: And we have up until June 15th of
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343

this year either to accept this particular grant or not.

That is the first grant.

The second grant we are going through with, that

$450,000. This we are going through with.

MR. STEIN: I understand that, Mayor, and I want

to take your message back as clearly as I can understand it.

The point is, when you applied for the storm water

grant, under the law you couldn't have gotten more than 50

percent of project cost, or $1 million, whichever was the

The problem that I face here, if you are going to

go back with it, is if you could not have gotten more than

50 percent and you asked for the grant at that time and you

said now the most you can afford was about 25 percent, they

are going to say, "We didn't initiate the grant. You people

DR. NICOSIA: That is true, but let me say this to

you: If you remember correctly, when Secretary Udall was here,

at that time you were talking about some sort of a formula --

am I correct in saying that -- and the formula was something

like 55, 25, 20. You hoped that this would be the Utopia to

solve this problem, and on that basis and that assumption, that

is the reason why we came up with this grant proposal, hoping

that you were going to come up with the solution, but haven't

so far.
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P. E. Miller

This is another thing that I don't understand

how the Federal Government operates. You are giving me

75 percent on a demonstration grant of $600,000. There you

are giving me 75 percent. When it comes to actually the

real sum and substance, the meat and the potatoes, you only

want to give me 35 percent.

It just doesn't make sense in my book. The

mathematics are a little bit funny.

Why should there be such a discrepancy between

one particular problem and another? It all relates to the

same thing. Let's clear up the water.

So, when it is a real problem, you tell me, "?5

percent, that's all you can get. Now, you want a clei;-:

tion grant. That's different. We will give you 75 or evv.n

This is nonsense, so you tell me what you have in

MR. STEIN: Now, Mayor, you raised a question. I

think in this country, we all know the answer here.

DR. NICOSIA: I don't.

MR. STEIN: All right.

DR. NICOSIA: I would like to.

MR. STEIN: We have a very complicated law. Every

provision in our law, as I am sure in your State law, has been
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P. E. Miller

hotly contested in the country. Every sentence in that law

practically is a compromise among many competing views -- I am

not saying two competing views. The Jurisdiction of the agency

is different. The amount of funds we can give is different

from section to section. However, this is the way laws are

written in this country. For example, we can have comprehensive

programs, or we can give construction grants to cities for all

waters, whether the pollution is interstate or not. Under the

enforcement Jurisdiction, as we are sitting here now, on our

own initiative we can Just go into an interstate case.

Now, if you go down our law — and this isn't Just

our law -- but if you go down a variety of Federal laws, par-

ticularly in a controversial field like this, you will find

different provisions, section by section. The way the law came

out, relating to the advanced waste treatment demonstration

grant or the pilot grant offer, the financial provisions as

provided by the Congress were more liberal than they were on

the storm water separation as originally enacted. As a matter

of fact, they were passed at different times in different

Congresses. In authorizing the advanced waste treatment pro-

grams, Congress also increased the combined sewer grants to 75$

of project cost and removed the $1 million ceiling.

DR. NICOSIA: Murray, let me say this to you --

MR. STEIN: Go right ahead.

DR. NICOSIA: No. You go ahead.
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P. E. Miller 346

MR. STEIN: But.this is the explanation.

I think we all have to recognize that this is a

problem that comes up over and over again. We have been

living with awkward laws all our lives. We have been living

with awkward laws in Illinois and Indiana and in Federal laws,

but we understand what the laws are before we try to come in

and arrive at an accommodation.

DR. NICOSIA: Murray, that's exactly your problem

in this country. You have too many different laws for the

Let me read this to you, and probably this is

going to really clarify the situation. It says here that the

District has received a grant offer of $1,044,120 to help

finance a $3,116,533 storm water demonstration project --

demonstration project. There are the words, "demonstration

You take this particular project and place it also

in the same category as the second one, where it says the

District has also received a grant offer of $450,000 to help

finance a $600,000 20 gallons per minute pilot and studies

to develop the feasibility, and so forth and so on, and

finally we get a million gallon pilot plant project.

Both of these, in my estimation, unless I don't

understand the English language, fall in the same category,

so why the distinction between one and the other? You give
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3^7

me 35 on one and you give me 75 on the other.

MR. STEIN: Again, Mayor --

DR. NICOSIA: Do you get the idea?

MR. STEIN: I understand.

DR. NICOSIA: There is something wrong. That's

MR. STEIN: I think you have the idea too.

The point is this: That we get appropriations

for each one of these items. There are many, many more grants

received, obviously, where we are going to put up the 75

percent in all these projects, and there are many more demands

The money you got for your storm water separation

came under a different authorization.

Now, this is the point that I would like to make

here, and this is the one that should be clear to come out of

Your points, Mayor, are very ^ell taken.

DR. NICOSIA: Take them back home and tell them

MR. STEIN: I am not going to disagree with it,

but the question that we have here is that the forum that

decides these points is the Congress, but once the Congress
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P. E. Miller

passes the law and these moneys come out in the various

slots, our job is to administer in accordance with that, and

we have to deal with the situation as the law passed and as

the appropriation becomes available.

Now, when anyone, and I don't care who it ia here

-- industry, municipality, State or otherwise -- makes a rule

and they pick their track or pick their slot, these are the

rules that we have to play by.

DR. NICOSIA: Murray, let me say this to you —

MR. STEIN: Yes.

DR. NICOSIA: This is a fault of the whole subject.

You have just allotted a certain amount of money. You pidgeon-

hole it here and say this is for 35, this is for 75, and this

is for 55> and you know and I know and everyone in this room

knows that this is not a formula that can operate and solve

this problem throughout the whole country.

Unless you come to a basic understanding that this

is the amount that there is going to be, one that is going to

be feasible for all of us to work with and live with, you can

have hearings from now until you have a beard like the Smith

Brothers, and you are never going to get anywhere.

MR. STEIN: I think we have gotten quite a bit.

Your city is doing a good job too.

DR. NICOSIA: I agree to that, but we could do a
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349

MR. STEIN: We sure could.

DR. NICOSIA: Yes, if you help us.

MR. STEIN: Mayor, I am positive that if you and

I sat down and wrote the Water Pollution Control Laws for the

United States, they would be better than any laws that we have

DR. NICOSIA: Pine.

MR. STEIN: The trouble is, we don't do it. We

have to administer the laws that are given to us.

DR. NICOSIA: You see, that is true, and that is

the reason why on the 26th of April, this coming month, I am

going to be in Washington to present exactly this particular

problem, and hope that this committee that I spoke of this

morning will understand our problem, not only on a local basis,

but throughout the rest of the country.

Maybe they might wake up to decide that let's have

a uniform formula and not a formula that was good for many,

but that we take away from this other fellow. This is

nonsense. It is absolutely nonsense, and you are not going

to get anywhere this way.

We will progress, yes. We have been making

strides since the first meeting that we have had. You know

that. I agree to this, but we could make many, many more
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350

strides if you would give us a good formula, something that

we can live with and work with. This is the only way it

MR. STEIN: Mayor, I think we are in agreement.

DR. NICOSIA: Then there is no argument. Just

give us the money. That's all.

MR. STEIN: Here you go on the same thing.

The argument here in what you have said — and

I am not disagreeing with the thrust of your argument -- is

one that should be presented to the Congress. When the

Congress gives us what under our Constitution and our system

of government they have every right to do, the operation to

work with, it seems to me that in the absence of a change,

you have to recognize that when we come out here we are

administering the law that the Congress has passed, not a law

that someone would like to enact, as much as we may sympathize

with your views.

DR. NICOSIA: What good is the law if you know it

is not going to work?

MR. STEIN: I'm not sure. I think it is working.

DR. NICOSIA: Well —

MR. STEIN: All right. Thank you, Mayor.

MR. BACON: Mr. Chairman, on behalf of the conferee
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351
P. E. Miller
for the Sanitary District, I have a couple of questions on
the next paragraph about the demonstration.
May I ask them?
MR. STEIN: Surely. Go ahead.
MR. BACON: Mr. Miller, this paragraph pertaining
to the advanced demonstration grant reads as follows:
"The District has also received a grant offer
of $450,000 to help finance a $600,000 20gpm pilot
project and studies to develop feasibility for ad-
vanced waste treatment for the effluent from the
plant. The project will include chemical treatment,
settling, sand filtration and activated carbon."
Is this a tertiary facility?
MR. MILLER: This would be a tertiary facility.
MR. BACON: Is this a standard water treatment
plant?
MR. MILLER: I can't answer this. I don't know
whether the Mayor can or not.
MR. BACON: The reason I asked is because I made
a quick computation here, and, of course, we are all con-
cerned about the strength of these wastes and how they are
being received either in Lake Michigan or in the Grand Calumet,
which means they are flowing over into our waterway, and I
calculate out at $600,000, the cost of this plant, is only
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3^2

for 20,000 gallons per day, and if you scale that up to a

million gallons per day, and you can't do it in direct

proportion, you are paying construction costs at the rate of

$18 million per million gallon capacity. I submit that if

that is anywhere within the ball park, that project is not

feasible right now and maybe you had better make that grant

to the Sanitary District, if the Mayor doesn't want it.

MR. STEIN: He wants that one.

MR. BACON: We are very serious about this, though.

This is a good project, but it certainly looks as though there

must be a tremendously wrong waste there of some kind.

Is there some explanation for this, Mr. Miller?

MR. MILLER: I can't give you the recommendation

for the costs, but I read back earlier the strength of the

sewage coming out of the plant, and this is in the paragraph

above, where it indicates that BOD and suspended solids average

10 to 12 milligrams per liter.

MR. BACON: This is what I am getting at, 10 to 12

milligrams per liter, or parts per million, and for this kind

of a project, there must be something in that --

MR. STEIN: You can call that any way you wish.

DR. NICOSIA: Do you want an answer to that?

MR. POOLE: Briefly.

MR. C. FRED GURNHAM: There is a misapprehension
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P. E. Miller

in the report, Mr. Miller, here.

The $600,000 to which Mr. Bacon refers includes

the one mgd plant also.

MR. BACON: Oh, excuse me. That is the difference

MR. GURNHAM: That is the basic difference,

MR. BACON: Because these costs would certainly

support the Mayor's position that we are out of the ball park,

if it were only for the tertiary plant. It would be about

$18 million per million gallons of capacity. We are building

a plant of the same type for half a million dollars.

MR. GURNHAM: Let me point out too that this is

thoroughly a research and development grant. These are not

realistic costs for construction. There is to be a lot of

research and publication from this.

May I point out too that the detention basin

grant in which the Mayor has indicated his disappointment in

the Federal share of funds, this is equally a research and

development grant. It is a project that has never been done

before and should produce results of benefit to the whole

country, not simply to East Chicago, and in many ways this is

similar to your own project, Mr. Bacon, with the underground

caverns which received such favorable publicity in the press,

and I do agree with them.
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354

I think we have some advantages over your proposal

on that, in that we would retain storm waters for additional

treatment before discharge.

I will discuss this with you one of these days,

but, frankly, I like our technique a little better than yours

MR. BACON: My only point was that either these

figures were wrong and you said that they are portrayed In-

correctly, or that it' would be of greater concern to all of

us than it is at the present time.

MR. STEIN: Mr. Miller, would you continue, please?

Thank you for clearing that up, Mr. Gurnham.

MR. MILLER: Gary - The Gary Sanitary District

started treating industrial wastes from the Coke Plant of the

Gary Steel Works on a trial basis in December 1966. The waste

discharges have ranged between 200,000 and 400,000 gpd. The

analyses of samples to date have indicated that this waste

will not have a deleterious effect on sewage plant effluent

quality. If the trial period is successful, up to 2.5

million gallons per day may be discharged to the Sanitary

District in the future. The District is also considering

receiving wastes from the Georgia-Pacific Corporation.

Sampling of the wastes from this plant is now under way.
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357

monitoring program and inspections by representatives of the

Board show that adequate waste control is being maintained.

6. U. S. Gypsum Company, East Chicago - The

Company established a routine effluent monitoring program in

April 1965. The results of the monitoring program and in-

spections by representatives of the Board show that adequate

waste control is being maintained.

7. American Bridge Division, U. S. Steel Corpora-

tion, Gary - Inspections by representatives of the Board show

that adequate waste control is being maintained.

8. Northern Indiana Public Service Company,

Bailly Station, Baileytown - Results of the Company's monitor-

ing program and inspections by representatives of the Board

show that adequate waste control is being maintained.

9. Universal Atlas Cement Division, U. S. Steel

Corporation, Gary - A routine effluent monitoring program

was established during October 1966. The results of this

program and inspections by representatives of the Board show

that adequate waste control is being maintained.

10. Northern Indiana Public Service Company,

Mitchell Station, Gary - The results of the Company's effluent

monitoring program and inspections by representatives of this

office show that adequate waste control is being maintained.

11. Commonwealth Edison Company of Indiana,
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358

Hammond - Inspections by representatives of the Board show

that adequate waste disposal is being maintained.

12. Adolph Plating, Inc., Electrogalvanizing

Division, East Cnicago - Inspections by representatives of

the Board show that adequate waste control is being provided.

The Company has not established a routine effluent monitoring

13. Simmons Company, Munster - The Company has

had an effluent monitoring program since October 1965. The

results of the monitoring program show that adequate waste

control is provided; however, inspections by representatives

of the Board indicate evidence of periodic high concentra-

tions of chromium. The Company contemplates modifications

to the waste treatment system control which will eliminate

the periodic poor treatment.

14. LaSalle Steel Corporation, Hammond - The

Corporation has had a routine effluent monitoring program

since September 1965. The results of the monitoring program

show periodic high concentrations of suspended solids; how-

ever, the volume of waste is less than 40,000 gpd. The

Corporation plans to install automatic bar descalers which

will eliminate the acid pickling operation by the end of 196?.

Now, to continue with the prepared statement:

Cities Service Oil Company, East Chicago - The
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359

Company has had a routine effluent monitoring program since

September 1965. The annual average waste loadings for the

year 1966 show the following: flow, 71.8 mgd; oil. 232

Ibs; ammonia-nitrogen, 177 Ibs; BOD, 3,178 Ibs; and phenol,

91 Ibs. When compared with Table VI-5b of the Department of

Health, Education, and Welfare's report of February 1965,

the annual average values represent the following reductions:

oil, 9^$> ammonia-nitrogen, 76$, BOD 60$; and phenol, 30$.

The Company's process water is mixed with a large amount of

cooling water prior to discharge into the Grand Calumet

River. The concentration of contaminants in mg/1 is small.

The Company will be required to provide additional reductions

in BOD and taste and odor-producing substances.

E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., East

Chicago - The Company has had an effluent monitoring program

since January 1966. The Company must expand the monitoring

program to include flow measurements on all outfalls so that

total contaminant loading can be determined. The results of

the monitoring program show that concentrations of suspended

solids, acidity, and zinc are significant. On March 29, 1966,

the Board approved preliminary plans for industrial waste

treatment facilities for treatment of by-product plans for

industrial waste treatment facilities for treatment of by-

product gas scrubber water from a new Globular Sodium
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360

Blsulfate Process to be installed at the East Chicago plant.

The Company's program of waste control and pollution abate-

ment is as follows: termination of the zinc ore roasting

operation during 1967, modifications to improve the efficiency

of the existing acid neutralization plant and improvements to

the existing clarification facilities for settling diatomaceous

earth filter aid. The Company's program will be completed by

the end of 1968.

Blaw-Knox Company, East Chicago - the Company has

made significant progress toward removal of suspended solids

and oils with better housekeeping practices. Construction

has started on mechanical sludge removal equipment on t1-

dust collector-clarifier which is scheduled for compjci

during June 1967. The Company has established a partial

effluent monitoring program. Completion of improvements and

good housekeeping practices should provide adequate waste

Mobil Oil Company, East Chicago - The Company

has had a routine effluent monitoring program since July

1965. The annual average waste loadings for the year 1966

show the following: flow, 1.71 mgdj oil 228 Ibs.; ammonia-

nitrogen, 52.7 Ibs; BOD, 1,179 Ibs; and phenol, 72.9 Ibs.

When compared with Table VI-5c of the Department of Health,

Education, and Welfare's report of February 1965, the annual
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361

average values represent the following reductions: ammonia-

nitrogen, 95$j BOD, i*3 %\ and phenol, 91%. Oil was not

determined by the Department of Health, Education, and Wel-

fare. The Company has completed the following projects

since January 1966: installed caustic drip and drain

collection system at the Light Oil Treating Plant, installed

flushing lines from process units 1;o sludge pit, and diverted

uncontamlnated storm water directly to the Indiana Harbor

Canal. In-plant studies are continuing to locate and eliminate

additional waste sources which contribute to periodically

high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen and phenol. The

Company will be required to provide additional reduction in

BOD and taste and odor-producing substances.

Calumet Nitrogen Products Company, Hammond - The

Company has had a routine effluent monitoring program since

June 1965. The annual average of waste loadings for the

year 1966 show the following: flow, 0.31 mgd; ammonia-

nitrogen, 89 Ibs; and nitrate-nitrogen, J2 Ibs. When com-

pared with Table VI-5c of the Department of Health, Educa-

tion, and Welfare's report of February 1965, the annual average

values represent the following reductions: ammonia-nitrogen,

92$; and nitrate-nitrogen, 91$. Since January 1966, the

Company has discharged additional wastewater to the Hammond

Sanitary District sewerage system, collected spent caustics
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362

for separate disposal and discontinued lime treatment of

boiler feed water. The monitoring program indicates peri-

odically high concentrations of ammonia- and nitrate-

nitrogen. The Board will require facilities to control

these periodically high contaminants before the end of 1968.

Union Tank Car Company, Whiting - The Company has

received approval from the Hammond Sanitary District to dis-

charge all wastewater into the District's sewerage system.

Construction of the lift station and sewers needed to divert

the waste are scheduled for completion during 1967.

Sinclair Refining Company, East Chicago - The

Company has had a routine effluent monitoring program since

August 1965. The annual average waste loadings for the year

1966 show the following: flow, 5.3 mgd; oil, 2,367 Ibs;

ammonia-nitrogen, 766 Ibs; BOD, 5)1^2 Ibs; and phenol, 210

Ibs. Since January 1966, the Company has connected certain

high strength waste streams to the East Chicago Sanitary

District sewerage system and connected drain tile and well

point drainage to the ballast tank oil separator. The

Company plans the following projects: construction of two

4,300,000-gallon storm water retention tanks or basins to

relieve storm water loading on the API oil separator, sewer

system to collect drainage and waste from the north and south

tank farm for discharge into the ballast tank oil separator,
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363
P. E. Miller
and additional sludge dewaterlng facilities to handle boiler
water treatment sludge. The proposed facilities will be
completed by the end of 1968. The Company will be required
to provide additional reduction in BOD, oils, and taste and
odor-producing substances.
Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, East Chicago -
The Company has had a complete routine effluent monitoring
program since July 1966. The results of the monitoring
program indicate that concentrations of BOD, oil, phenol,
ammonia-nitrogen, acidity, and suspended solids are sig-
nificant.
On February 21, 1967, the Stream Pollution Control
Board considered the Company's preliminary report for waste
treatment and control facilities satisfactory subject to
concurrence of the conferees on the schedules for completion
of facilities. The Company's preliminary report proposes the
following:
1. Coke Plant - Connection of all wastewater
to the East Chicago Sanitary District sewerage system
by the end of 196?.
2. No. 2 Open Hearth - Clarifiers, cooling
towers and chemical treatment'^facilities to re-
circulate all wastewater from the eight open-hearth
furnaces by the end of 1967.
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364

3. Butt Weld Mill - Enlargement of existing

scale pit, installation of oil skimming facili-

ties and discharge of the wastewater to the lake

front scale pit by the end of 1968.

4. No. 1 Tin Mill - Facilities for collection

of all waste pickle liquor for disposal on basic

slag fill by the end of 1968, and facilities for

collecting oily wastes from production facilities

by the end of 1969.

5. No. 2 Cold Reduced Sheet Mill - Facilities

for collection of all waste pickle liquor for dis-

posal on basic slag fill and facilities to collect

oil waste from production facilities by the end of

6. Blast Furnaces - Facilities to collect

and recirculate all blast furnace wastewater after

clarification in existing settling basins by the

7. No. 5 Stand of the Tandem Rolling Mill

and Future No. 3 Hot Strip Mill - -A large settling

pond to collect treated wastewater for clarification

and reuse by the end of 1970.

The No. 3 Cold Reduced Sheet Mill will continue

to discharge treated wastewater to a non-overflow settling
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365

pond, the Seamless Tube Mill will continue to discharge to

the lake front scale pit and the Primary Hot Mills, Merchant

Mills and Blooming Mills will continue to discharge to the

lake front scale pit.

The Company's preliminary program provides for

considerable water reuse and after completion of the program

there will be only three sewer outlets which will convey

treated wastewater to the Indiana Harbor Canal.

U. S. Steel Corporation, Gary - The Corporation

has had an effluent monitoring program since October 1966.

The Corporation previously determined waste loadings from

the four Corporation plants by sampling the Grand Calumet

River immediately downstream, with special sampling of plant

sewer. The results of the monitoring program show that

concentrations of acidity, oil, and suspended solids are sig-

The Corporation submitted a preliminary report for

National Tube Division, Gary Steel Works and Gary Sheet and

Tin Mills for waste treatment and control facilities during

December 1966. The Board, on January 17, 1967, considered

the proposal unsatisfactory and requested that a higher

degree of treatment and earlier completion dates be proposed.

Corporation representatives and the Board's staff have dis-

cussed necessary revisions. It is understood that the
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366

Corporation will submit a revised preliminary report for

consideration by the Board at its meeting on March 21, 1967.

During November 1966, the Corporation began trial

discharge of a portion of the Coke Plant wastes into the Gary

Sanitary District sewerage system. The amount of waste is to

be increased gradually in order that effe.cts on the sewage

treatment plant can be studied.

Propose additional settling facilities for blast

furnace flue dust, settling and oil removal for other mill

wastes. Facilities approved for continuous casting plant.

Basic oxygen process shop has settling and water reuse facili-

ties in operation.

The Corporation submitted a preliminary report for

waste treatment and control facilities during December 1966.

The Board on January 17, 1967, considered the proposal unsatis-

factory and requested that a higher degree of treatment and

earlier completion dates be proposed. Corporation representa-

tives and the Board's staff have discussed necessary revi-

sions. It is understood that the Corporation will submit a

revised preliminary report for consideration by the Board at

its meeting on March 21, 1967.

The Board will require waste treatment and control

facilities and timetables for construction of the facilities.

which are comparable to those proposed by similar industries
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367

Gary Sheet and Tin Mill, U. S. Steel Corporation,

Gary - The Corporation has had an effluent monitoring

program since October 1966. The Corporation previously de-

termined waste loadings from the four Corporation plants by

sampling the urand Calumet River immediately downstream.

The monitoring program shows that concentrations of BOD, oil,

suspended solids, and acidity are significant.

The preliminary report proposed additions to the

new 84-inch Hot Strip Mill waste treatment plant, now under

construction to provide treatment of wastes from the 80-inch

Hot Strip Mill; and additions to the new 6-Stand Tandem Cold

Reduction Mill waste treatment plant now under construction

to provide treatment of remaining wastes from the Sheet Mill,

Tin Mill and 80-inch 5-Stand Cold Reduction Mill, will handle

all rolling solutions. Terminal treatment of the wastes is

proposed. Acid disposal well will be placed in operation

shortly. Neutralization of the nitric acid and hydrochloric

acid is satisfactory at the present time.

The Board will require waste treatment and control

facilities and timetables for construction of the facilities

which are comparable to those proposed by similar industries

Steiner Tissue Division, Georgia-Pacific
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368

Corporation, Gary - The Corporation continues to negotiate

with the Gary Sanitary District regarding connection of waste-

water into the District's sewerage system. Analyses of the

effluent are being made to determine waste characteristics

and flow measuring equipment is being installed. If the

Sanitary District does not accept the Corporation's waste-

water the Board will require construction of waste treatment

facilities and timetables for construction of these facili-

ties which are comparable with other industries of the area.

Berry Refining Company, Gary - The refinery

remains closed.

Inland Steel Company, East Chicago - The Company

has had a routine effluent monitoring program since April

1965. The results of the monitoring program show that con-

centrations of BOD, oils, suspended solids, acidity, ammonia-

nitrogen, and phenols are significant.

During 1966, the Company began discharge of the

wastes from the No. 2 and No. 3 Coke Plants into the East

Chicago Sanitary District sewerage system. On February 3,

1966, the Board approved plans and specifications for ex-

pansion and modernization of the north end settling and oil

skimming lagoon and the project is under construction. Pre-

liminary plans for waste treatment facilities for a new 12-

inch Merchant Mill were approved on November 15, 1966.
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369

I might say that this mill provides for almost

complete recirculation of almost all the wastewaters in this

Final plans for deep well disposal system for

disposal of waste pickle liquor were approved on February

On February 21, 1967, the Board considered the

Company's preliminary report for waste treatment and control

facilities satisfactory subject to concurrence of the con-

ferees on the schedules for completion of facilities. The

Company's preliminary report proposes the following:

1. Plant #2 Coke Plant - Permanent sumps,

pumps and piping for connection of ammonia still

wastes into the East Chicago Sanitary District

sewerage system and discharge of the remaining

Coke Plant wastes to the coke quenching water

settling basins, which will be enlarged to allow

complete recirculation of coke quenching waters.

Project will be completed during 1968.

2. Plant #3 Coke Plant - Permanent sumps,

pumps and piping for connection of ammonia still

wastes and all other coke plant wastes with the

exception of coke quenching waters which will

be recirculated through the use of enlarged coke
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370

quenching water settling basins. The project will

be completed during 1968.

3. Plant #2 Blast Furnace Area - A new flue

dust settling basin to provide additional clarifica-

tion of the effluent from the existing flue dust

thickeners. The project will be completed during

4. Plant #3 Blast Furnace Area - A new flue

dust settling basin to provide additional clarifica-

tion of the effluent from the existing flue dust

thickeners. The project will be completed during

5. Terminal Treatment Facilities - the facili-

ties consist of primary settling basin equipped with

oil skimming facilities, secondary settling basin

equipped with oil skimming facilities, oil concentra-

tion tanks, oil storage tanks and sludge lagoon and

will provide treatment of wastewater from the Cold

Strip Mills, Blooming Mill, Merchant Mills, Tin

Mills, Hot Strip Mills, Tandem Mill, and rinse water

from the Continuous Pickling Line. The Company

proposes completion of the project by the end of

1971, and in its report today, they have changed

that to May 1970.
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371
P. E. Miller
MR. STEIN: Let's go over that again a little
slower.
MR. MILLER: We have an advance copy of the state-
ment which Inland will make today in which they have changed
that to May 1970.
MR. STEIN: May 1970?
MR. MILLER: Yes.
MR. STEIN: That is an improvement.
MR. MILLER: Union Carbide Chemical Corporation,
Chemicals Division, Whiting - The Corporation has had an
effluent monitoring program since August 1965. The results
of the monitoring program show the following average waste
loadings for the year 1966: flow, 47.1 mgd; BOD, 7,270 Ibs;
oil, 953 Ibs; and suspended solids, 3,223 Ibs. When compared
with Table VI-5a of the Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare's report of February 1965, the results show a 56$
reduction in BOD. The Corporation is currently constructing
sumps, pumps and piping to convey floor drains to the oil
separator, collection tanks for equipment drainage and process
upset storage tanks to handle waste in the Gas, Air and
Centrifugal Compressor Buildings - to be completed during
1967. Collection facilities to remove polyethylene pellets
in the car washing area, storage bin and bag loading area -
to be completed during 19&7. Sewers and collection facilities
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372

to convey sludges to storage tanks for ultimate disposal by

scavenger - to be completed during 1967. Sewers and pumps

to convey 240,000 gpd of wastewater to the Hammond Sanitary

District. The Corporation will be required to install addi-

tional facilities to control taste and odor-producing sub-

American Oil Company, Whiting - The Company has

had a routine effluent monitoring program since June 1965.

I might say this is the one in compliance with the

conferees. We had one that goes back for a much longer period

of time than this.

The results of the monitoring program show the

following average waste loadings for the year 1966: flow,

140 mgd; BOP, 17,090 Ibs; oil, 11,360 Ibs; ammonia-nitrogen,

6,5^6 Ibs; and phenol, 325 Ibs. The Company plans to con-

struct an ammonia-sulfide stripper that will provide an

anticipated 80$ reduction in ammonia-nitrogen and phenolic

compounds and will improve the threshold odor characteristics

of the effluent. The project is to be completed by the end

of 1968. The Company will be required to provide additional

facilities to control the concentrations of BOD, oil, and

taste and odor-producing substances.

American Maize-Products Company, Hammond - The

Company has had a routine effluent monitoring program for
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373
P. E. Miller
many years. The results of the monitoring program show the
following average waste loadings for the year 1966: flow,
12.05 mgd; BOD, 8,069 Ibs; and suspended solids, 3,808 Ibs.
During 1965, the Company Installed two additional
25-hp mechanical aerators in the lagoon system and installed
a new chlorination unit on the effluent. Proposed projects
or projects under construction are as follows: diversion
of several drains serving process areas into the lagoon
system, provide reclaiming and reuse of all process water
from the syrup refinery, and installation of a double-
effect evaporator in the syrup refinery. All projects are
to be completed by the end of 1968. Recent operation reports
show increases in BOD and- suspended solids loadings. The
Board will require reductions in BOD and suspended solids
by the end of 1968.

LITTLE CALUMET RIVER - BURNS DITCH

Crown Point - The city has completed construction
of additions to its activated sludge sewage treatment plant,
including effluent chlorination facilities. The enlarged
facilities, which increased design capacity from 0.8 to
1.8 mgd, were placed in service in November 1966. Effluent
chlorination is continuing on a year-around basis. Final
-------
P. E. Miller

effluent BOD's have been averaging 17 mg/1 and suspended

solids 26 mg/1.

Hobart - The city provides secondary treatment

with effluent chlorination from April through October.

Final effluent BOD's have been averaging 13 mg/1 and suspended

solids 3 mg/1. The Cresmoor Trailer Park is being pressed

to connect to the Hobart sewer system. Also the Lake George

Plateau subdivision will hook on to the Hobart sewer when it

East Gary - Sewage from East Gary is treated at

the Gary (Miller) District sewage treatment plant. Plant

improvements, including effluent chlorination facilities,

have just been completed. East Gary is considering the pur-

chase of this olant from the Gary Sanitary District. Final

effluent BOD's and suspended solids have been averaging

approximately 60 mg/1. Improved efficiency is required.

Chesterton - The town is providing secondary

treatment with effluent chlorination being provided April

through October. Final effluent BOD's have been averaging

16 mg/1 and suspended solids 9 mg/1.

Valparaiso - The city is providing secondary

treatment and has completed construction of improvements

to effluent chlorination facilities. Final effluent BOD's

and suspended solids have been averaging less than 10 mg/1.
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375

Porter - The Towns of Chesterton and Porter

held two refereridums in 1966 relative to merger of the

towns; however, the referenduma were defeated by Porter

residents. The Stream Pollution Control Board order against

the town has been referred to the Attorney General for en-

forcement. The Town of Porter recently advised that some

progress is being made towards an agreement for sewer

service with the Town of Chesterton.

LITTLE CALUMET RIVER - WEST

Dyer - The activated sludge-type sewage treatment

plant, including effluent chlorination, was ready for opera-

tion in April 1966. However, it was late 1966 before inter-

ceptor sewer work was completed to place the plant in sub-

stantial operation. One small section of the sewer work: ±s

still under construction. Laboratory analyses are being

Highland - Construction of the main sewage lift

station at l82d Street is completed. Connection to the

Hammond Sanitary District for treatment has been delayed

pending the completion of the new Southside Hammond inter-

ceptor sewer. The Lincoln Avenue lift station which will

discharge sewage from the south part of Highland to the
-------
376

l82d Street station should be complete early in 1967.

Scherervllle - The secondary sewage treatment

facilities, including effluent chlorlnation, are providing

effective treatment. Final effluent BOD's have been

averaging approximately 7 rog/1 and suspended solids approxi-

mately 12 mg/1.

Griffith and Munster - The sewage from these

municipalities is discharged to the Hammond Sanitary

District for treatment. Completion of the new south inter-

ceptor sewer by the Hammond Sanitary District should abate

the discharge of dry weather flow of sewage and wastes to

the Little Calumet River.

The overflow from combined sewers and the dis-

charge from storm water pumping stations, particularly

during low stream flow periods, will continue to cause

localized undesirable conditions in the Little Calumet River.

The United States Geological Survey stream flow records show

flows as low as 4 mgd in the river near the Indiana-Illinois

GRAND CALUMET RIVER - WEST

Hammond - Construction of effluent chlorination

facilities for the Hammond Sanitary District is just being
-------
377

completed. The project was bid in December 1965, but as

the bids were over the engineer's estimates, the plans were

revised and the project rebid in February 1966. Bonds to

finance the project were sold April 1 and construction was

started in May 1966. Also started in the fall of 1966

(after a five or six-month delay on easement problems) w»~;

a new southside interceptor sewer to parallel an existing

sewer serving the south part of Hammond and the Towns of

Griffith and Highland. Completion is anticipated in 1967.

The plant is now treating 33 to 3^ million gallons

per day. The effluent BOD and suspended solids average about

The District has not acted upon a request by

industries for connections. A feasibility study is under

way by an engineering firm to advise the District on poten-

tials for acceptance of industrial wastes in addition to

needs for plant improvements.

The District has made some progress with sewer

separation by the construction of sanitary relief sewers.

However, as interconnections are provided with existing

combined sewers, storm water overflows still discharge

sewage and wastes to receiving streams with surface water

runoff. Additional sewer separation is needed.

Whiting - During the second half of.1966,
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378

combined sewer overflows were discharged to Lake Michigan

from the Front Street lift station a total of 319 hours,

or approximately five percent of the time. Pump and equip-

ment failure and repair accounted for approximately l6l

hours of this discharge.

M & T Chemicals, Inc., East Chicago - The

Company continues to negotiate with the East Chicago

Sanitary District regarding connection of wastevrater into

the District's sewerage system. If the Sanitary District

does not accept the Company's wastewater, the Board will

require the Company to construct waste treatment facilities

and provide a timetable for construction of these facili-

ties which is comparable with other industries of the area.

WOLF LAKE
Lever Brothers Company, Hammond - The Company

has had a routine effluent monitoring program since

September 1965. The results of the monitoring show the

following average waste loadings for the year 1966: flow,

5.6 mgd; BOD, 1,402 Ibs; oil, 613 Ibs; and suspended solids,

The Company is conducting engineering studies on

a cooling tower system for cooling and reuse of certain
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379
P. E. Miller
process water.
We know of no detergent discharged to Wolf Lake
from the Lever Brothers plant.
The Board will continue action with the Company
under a stipulation agreed to during 1963, requiring satis-
factory conditions in Wolf Lake Channel. The Company
currently is meeting the criteria for Wolf Lake established
by the conference.

1. The State has made substantial progress
toward carrying out the recommendations of the
conferees.
2. The water quality surveillance program
has been expanded to now include (l) 14 stations,
five of which have many supplemental analyses run,
and (2) bacteriological samples from the Lake
Michigan beaches and Wolf Lake.
3. All municipalities except Porter provide
secondary treatment facilities and the Attorney
General has been requested to enforce the Board's
order.
4. Twenty-five industries have initiated
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380

effluent monitoring programs, seven are not

required to have such programs, and chree have

yet to begin effluent monitoring.

5. There are eight industries, the three

U.S. Steel Corporation plants of the National Tube

Division, Gary Works, and the Sheet and Tin Mill,

which have submitted revised plans, and four

refineries, and Union Carbide, that need addi-

tional work in reduction of certain wastes.

The remaining twenty-seven industries have ade-

quate facilities existing, under construction or

MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr . Miller.

(The material attached to Mr. Miller's statement

is as follows: )
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-------
390

MR. STEIN: Are there any comments or questions?

MR. POSTON: I have several questions here.

I wanted to know this: You are getting operation

reports regularly from industries listed in your report,

with the exception of the three, and this applies to munici-

palities as well?

MR. MILLER: Yes, sir.

MR. POSTON: I wondered also whether or not you

have done anything with regard to the determination of

sources of oil in the East Chicago storm sewers at East

Chicago, where they have had, I understand, discharges of

industrial wastes out of some of the storm sewers?

MR. MILLER: I am not familiar with the East

Chicago storm sewers in this connection. I don't know

whether Mr. Gurnham is or not.

MR. STEIN: You can call on anyone you wish, if

you want to call on him.

Do you know Mr. Leahu? Mr. Leahu is Superintendent

of the East Chicago Sanitary District.

MR. LEAHU: We don't have a storm sewer.

MR. POSTON: This is a combined sewer then?

MR. LEAHU: Yes, sir.

MR. POSTON: I had one other question*
-------
391

As you went through the list of industries, and

then again in your summary, you indicated lastly that there

are eight industries without adequate proposals for waste

treatment facilities. In going through here I noted a few

places where they exceeded the schedule of the conferees,

namely, in December of 1968, and I wondered if this extension

of time or the situation where the extension of time was

indicated, a time beyond that December 1968 date, applies

primarily then to Inland Steel and to Youngstown Sheet and

Tube and to U. S. Steel?

MR. MILLER: These are the three that we have

received preliminary reports for that indicate completion

dates beyond the December 1968.

MR. POSTON: Then essentially all of the other

industries will provide adequate facilities by the December

MR. MILLER: I will say this: That is correct,

with the possible exception of odor-producing substances,

which I indicated four refineries of Union Carbide Chemical

Division would need to do some work on. This cornea about

mainly because, first of all, we have some major reductions

to be made by the work contemplated by the steel companies;

and, secondly, I feel we need some additional work on correc-

tion of odors before we go to the treatment of odors.
-------
392

MR. STEIN: Let me have some clarification on

this. I am not quite sure I got that.

I think Mr. Poston raised the complete point,

but let's get down to your Conclusion No. 5, "eight

industries without adequate proposals."

MR. MILLER: I didn't read it that way.

MR. STEIN: -Pardon?

MR. MILLER: I read it to you that there are

eight industries, U.S. Steel Corporation's three plants,

which have now submitted preliminary proposals, and then there

are the five, which are the four refineries and Union Carbide

Chemical Division, which need to do work on certain wastes

and odor problems.

MR. STEIN: I understand that. That is what ,1

wanted to clarify.

In other words, you have 27 and 8 or. 35 industries.

You expect, except for the exceptions you have indicated, the

three steel companies and dealing with these other compounds,

that they will all meet the requirements by the end of 1968;

Is that correct?

MR. MILLER: Yes, five steel company plants.

They will meet them.

MR. STEIN: Five steel company plants?

MR. MILLER: Yes.
-------
393

MR. STEIN: In other words, out of the 35

industries, 30 will meet the requirements by 1968?

MR. MILLER: That is right.

MR. STEIN: Right?

MR. MILLER: That is right.

MR. STEIN: It always pays to clarify the numbers

game so we know what we are all talking about. All right.

Mr. Poston, do you have anything else?

MR. POSTON: I don't have another question at

MR. STEIN: Are there any further questions or

(No response. )

MR. STEIN: I would like to thank you, Mr. Miller.

I think this is a very encouraging report.

As far as I can see, unless the issue has changed,

the conferees here are presented with a question of the

extension of the time on these five plants that were dis-

cussed here, and this is something I think we will have to

consider and listen to the industrial presentations very

Asider from that, I think the progress has been

very, very good.

If anything speaks well of these periodic meetings
-------
P. E. Miller

that we have, this is it, because, No. 1, meeting by meeting

we have gone along with progress such as this. I think we

are making substantial progress. Thirty out of the 35

industries, and the municipalities, are substantially on

the time schedule.

There is one municipality, as there is in every

group, that didn't vote to do this, and they have turned it

over to the Attorney General. This is not an unusual

I think the point is that by keeping at this,

the problem is getting within manageable proportions. We

are zeroing in and hopefully will have all the sources under

You can see how many Mr. Miller just had to read

the names of, because the controls were adequate there. I

suspect that this list will continue to grow as we go on.

Also, this gives all of us, you as well as me,
\

a notion of the areas that we have to .concentrate on, and

what we have to do to get everyone moving along for a clean

Thank you, Mr. Miller.

MR. POSTON: I might comment that maybe by the

time other presentations are made by some of the polluters,

I hope that they can revise their dates as much as was done
-------
395

by Inland here, and maybe we will be very happy for the

lapsed time here.

What I am referring to is the year and a half

that was knocked off of Inland's schedule from the time the

report was written until Mr. Miller got up.

MR. POOLE: Mr. Chairman, we can't quite get all

done next week, but I am going to call on Youngstown Sheet

and Tube now, Mr. James W. Kirkpatrick. He is District

Manager of the Indiana Harbor Works of Youngstown Sheet and

MR. STEIN: Before you start, I know some people

have been raising a question on this.

When Mayor Katz made his presentation, he had

read part of a telegram from the Corps of Engineers. We

have now received the full text of the telegram, and that

full text will appear in the record.

(The telegram referred to is as follows:
/
USA Engineer District, Chicago

Mr. A. Martin Katz

Mayor, City of Gary

I have received your telegram of 8 March 1967
-------
396
requesting that I conduct a public hearing to receive
expert professional testimony on the effect on Gary beaches
of riparian construction operations by U. S. Steel on its
Gary property.
As you know from my telegram to you of 8 March,
I have requested the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration (PWPCA) to investigate the work in question
from the standpoint of its effect on water quality. I have
been informed that the State of Indiana Stream Pollution
Control Board is also making an investigation. Thus on that
subject I know of no better source of the expert testimony
you seek and I am sure that the findings of those two
agencies will be fully responsive to your request insofar as
water pollution aspects are concerned.
I requested in my 8 March telegram that you inform
me of other specific areas beside water pollution which might
be of concern to you. Though I have not received your reply
as yet, I can postulate only two possibilities, namely shore
erosion and effect on the proposed small boat harbor at
Marquette Park.
fhe subject of shore erosion in the area in
question was fully investigated by my office in the process
of studying the small boat harbor. Briefly, that study
shows that Gary is in a nodal reach with respect to Lake
Michigan littoral currents. Thus the east shore connection
-------
397
bulkhead of the U. S. Steel work will have but slight

effect -on the public beach which begins about one-half mile

eastward. Our study shows that the small boat harbor at

Marquette Park itself, if constructed, will have little

effect on the beaches immediately adjacent. In any case

the effect of the small boat harbor will preponderate over

any possible effect of the U. S. Steel bulkhead on the Gary

public beach and all other beaches eastward thereof.

As to the possible effect of the U. S. Steel

work on the proposed small boat harbor, the fact that they

are some 4,000 feet apart insures that small craft entering

or leaving the harbor will not be hazarded by the existence

of the Steel Corporation's east shore connection bulkhead.

The wave absorptive properties of that bulkhead, which is

of rubble mound construction except for the lakeward 500

feet, are such that craft using the small boat harbor will

likewise not be hazarded by reflected waves.

I note that your telegrams to me refer to U. S.

Steel's quote landfill unquote project. In fact, U. S.

Steel is required by the permit issued to completely enclose

with bulkheads the several areas to be filled prior to

starting landfill operations. The bulkheads will be of two

types, rubble mound and sheet steel piling. Provided that

the FWPCA investigation determines that the materials used
-------
398
to construct the rubble mound bulkheads -- slag and rock --
are not contaminants, the effect on Lake Michigan of con-
struction operations will be limited to transitory turbidity.
I have discussed the foregoing matters in some
detail in an effort to demonstrate that professional ex-
pertise is being brought to bear on the matters of concern to
you. To Insure that all are treated to your complete satis-
faction, I would like to meet with you, together with a
representative of the FWPCA, as soon as the PWPCA investiga-
tion is completed; In the event that further investigation
of any aspect of the effect of subject work is necessary, I
assure you that my office will undertake it immediately.
Although public hearings are time consuming and costly, I
assure you further that I will hold one if my investigation
discloses a need to do so. I shall contact you to arrange
for a meeting as soon as I am apprised that the FWPCA in-
vestigation has been .completed.
EDWARD E. BENNETT, Colonel CE
District Engineer
USA Engr Dist. Chicago)

MR. STEIN: Mr. Kirkpatrick, will you go ahead,
please?
-------
399

J. W. Klrkpatrick

STATEMENT OF JAMES W. KIRKPATRICK,

MANAGER, INDIANA HARBOR WORKS OP

THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET AND TUBE COMPANY

MR. KIRKPATRICK: Mr. Chairman, Conferees,

I am James Kirkpatrick, Manager of the Indiana

Harbor Works of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company. I

am here at the request of Mr. Poole of the Indiana Stream

Pollution Control Board to give you a report on the status

of the waste control program at our Indiana Harbor plant,

and to indicate our differences with the decision of the

conferees on time schedule for completion of detailed plans

and construction of the facilities.

For £he record I would like to submit a detailed

report which includes the preliminary plans as requested

by the conferees, and this is the blue book which I have.

MR. STEIN: This detailed report will be included,

without objection, in the record as if read.

I have one problem here. I don't know how we

are going to handle these maps. If we can put them in this

way, we would like to.

What I am afraid of is, given the size of this
-------
400

J. W. Kirkpatrick

lettering, If we reduce them to page size, it will be

illegible. However, we will try to meet that problem with

you and see if we can get this reproduced as part of the

MR. KIRKPATRICK: Thank you.

(The report submitted by Mr. Kirkpatrick is as

THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET AND TUBE COMPANY

INDIANA HARBOR WORKS

EAST CHICAGO, INDIANA

PRELIMINARY PLANS

WASTE WATER TREATMENT

INDIANA STREAM POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

January 196?
-------
401
J. W. Klrkpatrlck

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDEX OP PLATES

I. INTRODUCTION

II. WASTE CONTROL OBJECTIVES

III. WORKS FACILITIES AND WASTES COLLECTION

A. South Sector

2. No. 1 Tin Mill

3. No. 2 Cold Reduced Sheet Mill

4. No. 2 Tin Mill

B. North Sector

1. Blast Furnace

2. Butt Weld Mill

3. Primary Hot Mills

4. Merchant Mills

5. No. 2 Open Hearth

6. No. 2 Blooming Mill

7. Lake Front Secondary Scale Basin

8. Seamless Tube Mill

9. No. 3 Cold Reduced Sheet Mill

10. No. 3 Hot Strip Mill

D. Water Quality
-------
402
J. W. Kirkpatriok

IV. PROJECTS SCHEDULES

A. Present Mills

INDEX OF PLATES

PLATE NO. TITLE

1. General Plant Layout

2. Coke Plant - Ammonia Still Waste Disposal System

3. Coke Plant - Naphthalene Scrubbers

4. #1 Tin Mill - Waste Aoid Disposal

5. Tin and Strip Mills - Industrial Wastes

Collection System - Oil Sumps

6. Blast Furnace - Waste Water Reoiroulation System

7. Butt Weld Mill - Scale Pit Extension

8. #2 Open Hearth - Waste Gas Water Reoirculation

9. No. 3 Cold Reduced Sheet Mill Waste Disposal

10. No. 3 Hot Strip Mill Waste Disposal System.
-------
403
J. W. Kirkpatrlok
SUMMARY

The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, Indiana

Harbor Works, In compliance with waste pollution control

objectives for preserving and Improving water quality In

the Calumet Area, Lower Lake Michigan, In accordance with

statements made January 4, 1966; at the Chicago Conference

called by the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, submits the following report of preliminary plans

outlining the collection and treatment facilities planned

for the Harbor Works.

The waste facilities described herein Include:

A. South Sector

a. Ammonia Still Waste System

b. Naphthalene Scrubber Installation

a. Waste Pickle Liquor Facilities

b. Collection System - Oil Sumps

3. No. 2 Cold Reduced Sheet Mill - Collection

System - Oil Sumps

4. No. 2 Tin Mill - Collection System - Oil

Sumps
-------
404
J. W. Kirkpatrick

B. North Sector

1. Blast Furnaces - Waste Water Reciroulation

2. Butt Weld Mill - Scale Pit Extension and

3. Primary Hot Mills

4. Merchant Mills

5. No. 2 Open Hearth - Waste Gas Water Re-

oirculatlon System

6. No. 2 Blooming Mill

7. Lake Front Secondary Scale Basin

8. Seamless Tube Mill

9. No. 3 Cold Reduced Sheet Mill

10. No. 3 Hot Strip Mill

D. Water Quality

I. INTRODUCTION

The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company Indiana

Harbor Works is located along Lake Michigan in East Chicago,

Indiana. This Integrated steel plant produces, from raw

materials, finished steel products including various types
-------
405
J. W. Kirtcpatrlck

of steel pipe, merchant bars, tin plate, hot and cold

rolled sheet products and galvanized sheet.

II. WASTE CONTROL OBJECTIVES

In compliance with State and Federal objectives of

preserving present good quality waters and the Improvement

of degraded quality waters where technically and economically

feasible In the lower Lake Michigan-Calumet area, the

Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company Intends to monitor, collect

and treat the Indiana Harbor Works waste flows to meet

pollution control requirements.

The purpose of this report Is to describe collec-

tion and treatment facilities for the Works' discharges to

meet waste control objectives of the State of Indiana.

III. WORKS FACILITIES AND WASTES COLLECTION

Plate No. 1 presents a view of the Harbor Works,

Its production facilities,, its present outfalls.

The plant Is split by the main lines of four rail-

roads into two sectors, one north and one south. The

complex to the south of the tracks Includes the Coke Plant,

No. 1 Tin Mill, No. 2 Cold Reduced Sheet Mill and No. 2 Tin

Mill. To the north of the tracks is what is known as the
-------
406
J. W. Kirkpatrick

Steel Plant, which includes the Blast Furnace area, the

Power and Boiler House Complex, the Primary Hot Mills, Open

Hearths, Seamless Mills, No. 3 Cold Reduced Sheet Mill and the

No. 3 Hot Strip Mill.

A. South Sector

a. Ammonia Still Waste System

The Coke Plant is to the south of the main

line tracks. Plate No. 2 is a schematic flow

diagram showing the ammonia still waste col-

lection, clarification and pump discharge

to the sanitary sewer system of East Chicago,

Indiana, according to a signed agreement

with the City of East Chicago. Presently

the waste water is being discharged by sewer

outlet #12, shown on Plate No. 1, to the

Indiana Harbor Ship Canal. This program is

now under construction, and the estimated

operational date is June 1967.

b. Naphthalene Scrubber Installation

Plate No. 3 presents a major process modi-

fication of the Installation of naphthalene

scrubbers by the recirculation of light oil.

The possibility of naphthalene being dls-
-------
407
J. W. Klrkpatrick

charged to the sewer will be eliminated.

This project Is now under construction, and

It Is estimated that It will be In operation

Also, not illustrated on the plates was a

major process change In the recovery of

light oil, which eliminated the use of

caustic wash and, therefore, removed the

possibility of caustic entering the sewer.

This project was completed and in operation

on April 6, 1966.

a. Waste Pickle Liquor Facilities

The waste acid from the continuous pickling

lines and the batch pickling facilities,

presently discharging into the canal, will

be collected and piped to a sump as il-

lustrated on Plate 4, from which it will

be trucked to a disposal area. The project

Is presently under construction and is

expected to be in operation in June 1967.

Rinse waters will be connected to sewer #11

which carries a large volume of cooling

water.
-------
408
J. W. Klrkpatrick

b. Collection System - Oil Sumps

The other production facilities in the No. 1

Tin Mill include a hot strip mill, tandem

mill and electrolytic tinning. The hot

strip mill is scheduled to be phased out

of operation upon completion of the Company's

announced replacement hot strip mill, now

under construction; therefore, it is not

included in the waste program. The replace-

ment mill is scheduled for completion in

1968 and will include waste control faci-

lities for both mill scale and oil and will

be described later. Until the replacement

mill is completed, the present hot strip

mill has a large scale pit which recycles

approximately one-fifth of the water used

on the mill. This scale pit also has an

oil recovery system adequately backed with

spares for continuity of operation.

Sumps which collect oil and are periodically

pumped to storm sewers will be disconnected

and a new collection system provided to get

the oil into a common sump. Prom here It

will be hauled to a disposal area.
-------
J. W. Klrkpatriok

anticipated completion in 1970.

When the original company outline of a

program was offered, this phase was scheduled

for completion in 1968. However, since then

the experience gained in the construction of

a similar program in the Youngstown district,

coupled with a better knowledge of the con-

struction schedule in the blast furnace area

which includes the recirculation system, has

permitted a better appraisal of time required

for engineering, ordering and delivery of equip-

ment and construction. The 1970 date is

realistic and reasonable.

The conferee's suggestion that preliminary

plans for the total waste control program be

completed by December, 1966, with detailed

engineering plans completed by July 1967, was

apparently offered without an understanding of

the effoi»ts involved. Until the conference

recommendations were offered, design objectives

were uncertain. But, even of more importance,

the development of detailed construction draw-

ings for $11,000,000 worth of facilities in an

area where space is at a premium and adjustments
-------
412
J. W. Klrkpatrick
and changes are many before final plans can be

achieved, Is not possible In six (6) months.

As detailed plans are completed for each phase,

they will be submitted for State review and

2. Butt Weld Mill - Scale Pit Extension and Sewer

The Butt Weld Mill scale pit will be

lengthened to provide oil skimmings facilities

and a pump well with vertical pumps to pump

this flow to the lake front scale pit as shown

on Plate #7. Completion of this project is

expected in 1968.

3. Primary Hot Mills

The Primary Mills, comprising the No. 1

Blooming Mill, the 21" Skelp Mill, a Billet Mill,

and a 10" Skelp Mill, have scale pits. The

discharge from these pits the.n goes to the

lake front scale pit. No in-mill modifications

4. Merchant Mills

The discharges from the Merchant Mill scale

pits drain to the lake front scale pit and no
-------
413
J. W. Kirkpatrick
In-mlll modifications are planned. Waste acid

is collected from this mill in a sump and

tanks are hauled to a disposal area.

5. No. 2 Open Hearth - Waste Gas Water Recirculation

The No. 2 Open Hearth Shop cooling water

and gas cooling waters are now discharged to

the sewer. New gas cleaning facilities and a

recirculating system are being Installed for

all eight furnaces, which will include re-

clrculating and treatment facilities for the

gas cleaning water as shown on Plate #8. When

the system is completed, all of the water from

the gas cleaning equipment and from the gas

coolers will be reclrculated through thickeners,

water cooling towers, and chemical treatment

facilities and will not discharge to the sewers.

The gas cleaning equipment reolrculating system

should be in operation at the end of 1967.

6. No. 2 Blooming Mill

The No. 2 Blooming Mill scale pit and

associated facilities also drain into the lake

front scale pit. No further in-mlll modifica-

tions are planned.
-------
414
J. W. Kirkpatrlck
7. Lake Front Secondary Scale Basin

The location of the Lake Front Scale Basin

is shown on Plate #1. Additional oil recovery

facilities were added to the existing system

and placed in operation in March 1966. Modi-

fications of the baffles were completed in

April 1966, and are providing a more effective

oil separation.

8. Seamless Tube Mill

The seamless Tube Mill effluent flows to a

scale pit equipped with oil collection facili-

ties. The scale pit effluent is pumped to

Sewer #21. As shown on Plate #1, Sewer #21

discharges within a water area bounded by the

recent fill and the breakwaters. This water

is then recycled through the plant by Pump

9. No. 3 Cold Reduced Sheet Mill - See Plate #9

Waste pickle liquor is collected in a

holding tank and trucked to a disposal area.

Hot rinse water is used as makeup within

the pickle line.

Cold rinse water is discharged to the west

lagoon.
-------
415
J. W. Kirkpatrick

Mill sumps are pumped to a waste oil treat-

ment system that separates the oils and solids

from the water. Oils and solids are trucked

to a disposal area. The effluent is discharged

to the west lagoon. This lagoon is equipped

with a floating skimmer for final oil collec-

The oil and water from the #1 stand of the

Tandem Rolling Mill Is pumped to the above

waste oil treatment system.

The effluent from #5 stand of the Tandem

Rolling Mill Is pumped to Sewer #23. A north

lagoon Is to be constructed to contain the dis-

charge of Sewer #23. This lagoon will be

completed during the year 1970. The Tandem

Rolling Mill rolling and cooling system is re-

cycled. A batch is discharged to the w^ste oil

treatment system every two to three weeks.

10. No. 3 Hot Strip Mill - See Plate #10

Water containing mill scale is collected In

two scale pits. No. 1 scale pit is cleaned by

grab bucket. No. 2 scale pit is cleaned by

continuous operating scrapers. Each pit con-

tains oil collection equipment. The scale pit
-------
416
J. W. Kirkpatrlck

effluent Is pumped through sand filters to

Sewer #23 that discharges to the north lagoon.

The runout table water is recycled wish a

portion discharging to #2 scale pit for blow-

down and temperature reasons.

The Hot Strip Mill and Hot Strip Mill

Finishing Department sumps are pumped to a

waste oil treatment system for oil and solids

separation. The oils and solids are trucked

to a disposal site. The effluent is discharged

to the sand filters. This facility is scheduled

for operation the first half of 1968.

General Waste Disposal

Oily Waste Disposal

Present practice utilizes haulage of the

waste oil and sludges to the disposal area

where slag filling is completed. Possible

alternatives of Incineration or recovery are

now being evaluated.

Ac id Waste Disposal

Present practice provides haulage of the

spent acid wastes to the disposal area where

it is mixed with the basic slag and neutralized.

C. Monitoring
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417
J. W. Kirkpatrick

We have installed continuous sampling equip-

ment at these various locations which are

identified on Plate #1.

Outlet #20 - #2 Tin Mill Sewer

Outlet #11 - #1 Tin Mill Sewer

Outlet #11X- #1 Tin Mill Sewer

Intake #1 - #1 Pump House

Intake #2 - #2 Pump House

We havs purchased and are waiting for

delivery to install similar equipment at:

Intake #3 - #3 Pump House (under

Coke Plant - Ammonia Still Waste

Discharge to city sanitary

system (see Plate #2)

Hot Strip Mill No. 3 - Under construction

for Sewer Outlet #23.

Sampling data, such as flow, pH, COD,

sulfates, iron, oil, suspended solids, etc.,

is sent in a monthly report to the Indiana

State Division of Sanitary Engineering.

The expansion of our laboratory facilities
-------
418
J. W. Kirkpatrick

is presently being bid for construction.

We estimate these facilities will be com-

pleted in the fourth quarter of 1967.

D. Water Quality

With the completion of this program the treated

waste discharges will be limited to Sewers #20 and

#l8A. Such treatment will be adequate to achieve

the State objectives of preventing sludge deposits

or floating oil in such quantities as to be ob-

jectionable, and it is expected that this will be

attained with limiting concentrations of solids at

50 ppm and oil at 15 ppm.
-------
419

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THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE Co.
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THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE Co.
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THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE Co.
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TABLE NO. 1
WASTE CONTROL PROGRAM
PROJECT SCHEDULE
WASTE FACILITIES

COKE PLANT
Naphthalene Scrubber
Ammonia Still Vaste

NO. 1 TIN MILL
Waste Pickle Liquor

NO. 2 OPEN HEARTH
Waste Gas-Water Recirculation

BUTT WELD-PIPE MILLS
Scale Pit Extension and Sewer
NO. 1 TIN MILL
Interceptor Sewer
NO. 2 COLD REDUCED SHEET MILL

Interceptor Sewer

NO. 2 TIN MILL
Interceptor Sewer
BLAST FURNACES
Waste Water Recirculating System

NO. 3 HOT STRIP MILL
COMPLETION PLANS
ENGINEERING PLANS CONSTRUCTION
Completed
Completed

Completed
May, 1967
June, 1967

June, 1967
2nd Quarter, 1967 4th Quarter,1967

4th Quarter, 1967 4th Quarter,1968

2nd Quarter, 1968 4th Quarter,1969

2nd Quarter, 1968 4th Quarter,1969

2nd Quarter, 1968 4th Quarter,1969

3rd Quarter, 1968 4th Quarter,1970

1st Quarter, 1969 4th Quarter,1970

3rd Quarter, 1967 1st Quarter,1968
-------
442
J. M. Kirkpatrick
MR. KIRKPATRICK: This report was submitted to
and reviewed with the Indiana Board. I will review it for
you in a moment.
But, first, I want to mention that the waste
waters from the sanitary facilities for the 12,000 employees
of our Indiana Harbor plant are connected to the municipal
treatment plant in East Chicago. There is no untreated
sewage going to the canal or the lake.
Next, to place our program in perspective, let
me recall our earlier reports to you detailing the facili-
ties we have constructed in past years as part of our
program under the State of Indiana requirements. Most of
this has been done since 1951. To review this briefly:
In the No. 2 tin mill separate sewer systems were
built for the various types of waste, and we have provided
controls to prevent loss of acids and the plating solutions.
These are hauled to disposal areas.
The spent acid is hauled away not only from the
No. 2 tin mill, but also from the continuous weld tube mill,
merchant mill, No. 3 sheet mill, and No. 2 sheet mill. In
this way approximately 1,825,000 gallons per month of waste
spent acid are prevented from being discharged to the waters
of Indiana.
Settling basins for scale recovery have been
-------
443

J. M. Kirkpatrick

constructed at the eleven hot rolling mills. In addition,

the waters from eight of these basins flow into a large

collecting basin for further scale separation before dis-

Oil recovery facilities by belt removal have

been provided at the hot rolling mill scale basins. There

is also a large heat and gravity separation plant for pre-

venting loss of oil emulsions used on the cold rolling mills.

Two clarifiers 60 feet in diameter are in opera-

tion at the blast furnaces for recovery of flue dust from

gas washer water.

A dephenolizer is in operation at the coke plant

for recovery of phenols from coke plant ammonia liquor.

Our previous reports have given you detailed

information about all of these treatment facilities which are

now in operation.

Our present report deals with the remaining ten

sources of waste. These are listed in Table 1 of the report

I have handed you. In the interest of brevity I will try

to summarize this report.

Completion Schedule

Three of these ten items will be completed this
-------
444

J. M. Klrkpatrick

year — in 196?. One will be completed by July. This con-

sists of the projects in the coke plant. With their com-

pletion the phenolic waste discharges to the canal will

cease. The napthalene scrubber installation provides a

closed system, and the ammonia still waste will be treated

in the municipal system.

I might mention here that in one of the other

areas which we had, we are now shipping this material to

one of the refineries for further refining. We have dis-

continued that operation.

The other two projects to be completed in 1967

will shut off the present discharge of spent acid from the

No. 1 tin mill and the very fine iron oxide solids from

gas washing at the open hearth.

Thus 1967 will see 30 percent of these remaining

items completed.

By the end of 1968, 50 percent of them will be

completed, with controls provided for the butt weld mill, and

the No. 3 hot strip mill.

I would like to point out that the No. 3 hot strip

mill was not in existence at the time of the last conference.

This mill is now under construction, and as noted in the

report, has been designed to provide the latest technology

for handling scale and oil. It is scheduled to go into
-------
445
J. M. Kirkpatrick

operation in 1968.

I believe we mentioned at the time of the last

conference that this mill was under construction and that

our old No. 2 hot strip mill would be phased out.

With the controls being built into it, no objec-

tionable waste discharges from this facility are anticipated.

Nevertheless, as additional insurance, Youngstown's program

also includes a lagoon to the north which will provide pro-

tection against any accidental losses or operation failures.

This lagoon is also an integral part of the program for a

closed system for the lake front operations.

The recommendations of the conferees called for

completion of the total program by 1968. Under the schedule

we have submitted, 50 percent of the ten remaining items

will be completed by then. Three more projects will be

completed in 1969 — bringing the total to eight of the

ten projects, or 80 percent of completion. The last two

projects have an expected completion date of 1970.

These latter five projects, scheduled for comple-

tion in 1969-1970, deserve special attention. Three of

these are for the collection of oil from sumps which gather

leakage from many sources at the two tin mills and at the

No. 2 cold reduced sheet mill. These three projects will

be in addition to the present system which collects and
-------
446
J. M. Kirkpatrick

retains the rolling oil solutions used on the mills them-

selves. Construction of these three additional systems

will be a complicated, slow and difficult job, for it will

involve separating and collecting oil accumulations from all

the many places in the large mill areas where oil losses

can accumulate. Considering the acreage of plant to be

covered, our time estimate is optimistic.

1 would like to mention here that this does not

mean that there will not be progress in reducing these oil

losses during the intervening time. As a matter of fact, we

are already making progress in this regard.

Another of the projects scheduled for completion

in 1969-1970 is the installation of the waste water recircula-

tion system to recapture flue dust from the blast furnace gas

washer water. Although our presently functioning clarifiers

capture most of this material, the scheduled recirculation

system will retain it all. But the time schedule on this

has to be tied to that of the new blast furnace now under

construction as part of Youngstown's expansion program.

This is because the proposed waste water recirculation

system involves modifying the gas washers on the present

furnaces to provide recirculation of their wash water in

a single closed system with the new furnace. Trese opera-

tions, in turn, have to be geared to Youngstown's production
-------
447
J. M. Kirkpatrick

schedule so as to keep the other mills operative.
Detailed Plans

The report of the conferees called for preliminary

plans by late 1966 and detailed construction drawings by

June I, 1967, allowing only a six-month period for this

phase of the work.

Youngstown was able to provide the preliminary

plans within this time schedule only because the planning

and surveys reported to the conferees two years ago included

the basic plan now supplied you in detail. However, I think

you will recognize it is physically impossible to complete

the final detailed plans for a program of this size in six

months, involving, as it does, $11 million worth of facili-

The reasons are several. First, the Youngstown

engineering staff is limited. To supplement it, the com-

pany has retained the services of outside consulting firms,

but there is a limitation in the number of qualified persons

available in the field, and even with this outside assistance

the practical limitations control. Second, when facilities

are planned to be located where mill operations are under

way, there is a certain amount of trial and error involved.
-------
448
J. M. Kirkpatrick

Plans for the waste control facilities have to be checked

against space limitations and availability of equipment,

and they are often altered because of changes in the produc-

tion facilities.

Table I provides an estimated completion date

for detailed construction drawings in time for approval by

the State of Indiana prior to construction. It is based

not only on our ability to have plans prepared, but also

on the practical realities of scheduling equipment and labor

for construction and equipment for delivery.

As you must know, substantial delays are occurring

in construction schedules and in delivery of equipment.

These are reported regularly in the construction publica-

tions such as Engineering-News Record and can be confirmed

directly by the conferees.

Completion Dates

In conclusion, Youngstovm has prepared a

schedule for completion of detailed drawings and construction

of facilities with dates which represent our best estimates.

The dates extend beyond the conferees' target of 1968, but

with the control facilities already in operation, and

completion in 1968 of 50 percent of those that remain,
-------
449
J. M. Kirkpatrick

Youngstown will have most of the job done. Additional oil

collection facilities will be completed on three mills in

1969, and the blast furnace recycling and the north lagoon

We sincerely hope you will agree that an earlier

time schedule would be neither practical nor feasible,

and that what we propose represents a continuing story of

progress to achieve the objectives you ask.

If you want me to review the detail of the report

we are submitting, I will be happy to go through it with you.

(The schedule attached to the statement of Mr.

Kirkpatrick is as follows:

WASTE WATER CONTROL

PROGRAM PROJECT SCHEDULE Completion Plans
Engineering Plans Construction
Waste Facilities
Coke Plant

Napthalene Scrubber Completed May 1967
Ammonia Still Waste Completed June 1967

Waste Pickle Liquor Sump Completed June 1967
-------
J. M. Kirkpatrick
WASTE WATER CONTROL

PROGRAM PROJECT SCHEDULE Completion Plans
Engineering Plans Construction
Waste Facilities
No. 2 Open Hearth

Waste Gas - Water Recir-
culation 2nd Qtr. 196? 4th Qtr. 196?

No. 3 Hot Strip Mill 3rd Qtr. 1967 1st Qtr. 1968

Scale Pit Extension &
Sewer 4th Qtr. 1967 4th Qtr. 1968

Interceptor Sewer 2nd Qtr. 1968 4th Qtr. 1969

No. 2 Cold Reduced
Sheet Mill
Interceptor Sewer 2nd Qtr. 1968 4th Qtr. 1969

Interceptor Sewer 2nd Qtr. 1968 4th Qtr. 1969

Waste Water
Recirculation System 3rd Qtr. 1968 4th Qtr. 1970

North Lagoon 1st Qtr. 1969 4th Qtr. 1970)
* *
-------
451
J. M. Klrkpatrick

MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr. Kirkpatrick.

Are there any comments or questions?

MR. POSTON: I have only one question concerning

On Page 3 you state:

"This lagoon is also an integral part of

the program for a closed system for the lake

front operations."

This means that a portion of your water supply

in the future will be just recirculated through the lagoon,

or is this the whole of your supply?

MR. KIRKPATRICK: This will be a major part of

our new facility at the lake front.

In other words, we are putting a new pump house

in and a new intake, and the total water intake at that

point will be greater than the water coming back out in

that area, so, in a sense, that water will come back through

our system again.

MR. POSTON: Will this take care of a half, or

a quarter, or what portion of your total water supply will

this lagoon handle?

MR. KIRKPATRICK: Well, now, this lagoon is an

intermediary lagoon to a second lagoon, from which the

water will actually be pulled.
-------
452
J. M. Kirkpatrick

In other words, we will filter through this one

lagoon into the second lagoon, and then this in turn will be

at the water intake, and there will be a moat system coming

around the No. 3 intake and No. 2 intake.

In other words, both No. 3 and No. 2 will take out

of this lagoon, and the No. 1 intake takes out of the present

MR. POSTON: I have no other questions.

MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments or

MR. KLASSEN: I have.

MR. STEIN: Yes, Mr. Klassen?

MR. KLASSEN: Mr. Chairman, do we have before us a

request for an extension of time? Are we going to discuss

I would like to make my views on that point public

MR. STEIN: We would be delighted to have them,

MR. KLASSEN: This is nothing new so far as

control agencies are concerned. We are always confronted

with requests for an extension of time.

I don't say this applies here, but it is a pretty

general rule that an extension of time, when granted, means
-------
453
J. M. Kirkpatrick

that you are merely giving them an extension of time when

they are going to get started, rather than completed, and I

for one am not at all favorable toward extending the time.

If this time limit is reached and then they have

justification for requesting a little time beyond that, I

think that is the time to review it and reevaluate it, instead

of now. If a completion date comes and they have a good case,

we could review it then. If they don't have a good case, we

will proceed like we planned on all the violators, with

definite enforcement action.

That is my view. I am not for extending the time.

MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments on this?

MR. POOLE: Well, I don't know as I need to comment.

We have had requests for extensions of time, as we have docu-

mented in our reports, from all three of the steel mills,

starting with the longest proposal, which my Board deems un-

satisfactory, of U. S. Steel, for a completion date of 1972.

I am in the main, I agree, pretty much with my

colleague, Mr. Klassen from Illinois, on this business of the

extension of time, having been confronted with it many, many

times also. On the other hand, I think that you have to be

realistic about this, and in my judgment there is just too

much work yet to be done to complete it all by December 1968.

Now, I think as far as the State of Indiana is
-------
454

J. M. Kirkpatrick

concerned, as long as the conferees realize that, and if

the conferees are willing to accept the program that incor-

porates going ahead, we will say, "Pull speed ahead," and

if you come up to the end of 1968 and we aren't done and

you understand that there has got to be some more time, that

If we can't go at it that way, I think after we

hear the rest of these reports and all of the evidence, maybe

the conferees ought to have some further discussion on this

matter of a final completion date.

MR. POSTON: I certainly feel that Mr. Klassen's

statement echoes my feeling on extensions of time.

Personally, I think that a later progress meeting

might be the time to give this further consideration, but

that the parties that are under pressures to provide these

facilities might think further, as they proceed in completing

their final plans, about how to figure out ways and means they

might hasten and update this thing.

MR. STEIN: May I suggest that we hear from the

other companies before we come to a Judgment?

I will just repeat what is in here, because I

think there are possibly things on both sides. I think the

notion here is that what we try to do is give everyone —

municipality or industry or ourselves -- as early as possible
-------
J. M. Kirkpatrick

a schedule that we can all meet and live with. At least, it

is my notion that we should approach this with an open mind,

and if anyone comes in earlier than the last date and tells

us, "We are not going to meet the date," we should not wait

until the end of that date.

I don't know that that should be the case, but

again, as I read the schedule, it is a continuing schedule

of completion. This isn't pushing everything off to 1970.

MR. KIRKPATRICK: No, sir. That is correct.

MR. STEIN: There is a date, 1968, fourth quarter

1969, and then 1970, fourth quarter — in other words, this

is a continuum where progress has been checked; but, on the

other hand, there is one remark you make at the bottom of

Page 5 of your statement, and from the point of view of a

regulator, it always sends shivers up and down these fellows'

You say, and I am sure it is correct,

"As you must know, substantial delays are

occurring in construction schedules and in delivery

of equipment. These are reported regularly in the

construction publications such as Engineering-News

Record and can be confirmed directly by the con-

MR. KIRKPATRICK: In other words, what we are
-------
456
J. M. Kirkpatrlck
trying to do is the dates we are giving we think are realistic
dates. In other words, for example, I can name you several
contracts where people have taken contracts from us and
given us a scheduled completion date. Yet today they are
missing those dates by four or five months. So, in giving
you these dates, we are attempting to give you what we think
are realistic dates.
MR. STEIN: I understand that, sir,
MR. KIRKPATRICK: Yes.
MR. STEIN: But the point is, I think that from
the point of view of what Mr. Klassen says, I know I have
been faced with this in a regulatory agency all the time.
If you are talking in terms of substantial delays
in delivery and construction and we push back the date, what
happens when that paragraph faces us again and when we are
dealing with this other date?
Again, I am not trying to argue, but just to frame
the issue.
MR. KIRKPATRICK: In other words, the dates set
in here, we are trying to take this into consideration.
MR. STEIN: In other words, what you are saying
there is that your dates take this into consideration?
MR. KIRKPATRICK: Right.
MR. STEIN: And you don't think that this paragraph
-------
457
J. M. Kirkpatrick
will push you beyond the dates you have given?
MR. KIRKPATRICK: That is right.
MR. STEIN: Are there any further comments or
questions?
MR. POSTON: I think we should thank Mr.
Kirkpatrick for his report, which is forthright and gives us
what they think is the best schedule.
MR. KIRKPATRICK: I might mention here, for
example, in this open hearth recirculation system, that these
things are just not done off the top of your hat.
Our consultants come in and actually build a pilot
operation operating out of an existing scrubber, and in turn
to recommend design.
In other words, with a recirculating system you
need a cooling tower and you need certain chemical additives.
The open hearth gas is high in C02, and therefore the water
is acid, so you have to determine the type of construction
materials that you put in. Based on this they could make
recommendations on that.
They had to determine the amount of chemical,
the settling rate of the solids, the problems we had had
with the suspended solids once they go through the cooling
tower, resulting in coagulation and fouling up the recir-
culating system, and so on, so that whenever you do spend
-------
J. M. Kirkpatrlck

this money, you will have spent it and have a system that

will work and do the job.

Incidentally, the moneys for t-his are not included

in the figure we are giving you. The moneys for that are in

our air pollution figure. In other words, the recirculating

system for the open hearth scrubbers is not a part of this

$11 million figure.

MR. STEIN: We appreciate your coming in. I for

one appreciate your coming forward at the earliest possible

date with a realistic schedule and not letting it go. The

more it goes, the worse the situation gets. The earlier we

find out our thinking, I think the better we can arrive at

an accommodation.

I want to thank you very much for coming forward

and giving us this information.

MR. POOLE: Next I want to call on Inland Steel,

and I believe Mr. John R. Brough, who is Director of Air

and Water Control for the company, is going to handle their

presentation.
-------
J. R. Brough

STATEMENT OF JOHN R. BROUGH, DIRECTOR

OF AIR AND WATER CONTROL, INLAND STEEL

MR. BROUGH: Mr. Chairman, Conferees, Ladies and

I am John Brough, Director of Air and Water Control

for Inland Steel Company. I have been assigned the responsi-

bilities formerly held by Mr. Ross Hsrbaugh in the direction

of Inland's air and water pollution abatement activities.

Ross, whom many of you knew and respected, retired from

Inland on January 1, 1967> after more than 37 years of service,

In his letter asking us to participate in this

meeting, Mr. Poole requested a status report on our pollution

abatement activities, a discussion of preliminary plans for

construction of abatement facilities, and the timetable for

completion of these facilities. We were also requested to

justify completion dates beyond December 1968.

In March 1965* Mr. Harbaugh reviewed for this

conference the accomplishments by Inland Steel Company in the

field of water pollution abatement dating back more than

I shall not review again our older installations
-------
460
J. R. Brough

for water pollution prevention and abatement, but I would

like to point out that Inland has invested a total of 26

million dollars in such facilities at its Indiana Harbor

Works. Another 17 million dollars will be required to

complete, during a relatively short period of time, the

projects I shall discuss. Although this discussion concerns

itself with the technical aspects of our program, the factors

of economics must also be given consideration. These projects

are part of a continuing program of improvement in the

quality of our effluent water.

In his March 1965 presentation, Mr. Harbaugh

listed five pollution control projects that were then under

1. Expansion of No. 2 Sewage Treatment Plant.

2. The construction of No. 3 Sewage Treatment

3. The installation of a Scale Pit and Oil

Separator for the new No. 2 A Bloomer and Billet Mill.

4. The installation of a Recirculating Water

System for the new Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Shop.

5. The installation of a complete Waste Water

Treatment Plant for the 80" Hot Strip Mill.

In January 1966 it was reported to you that the

9-i million waste treatment facility for our 80" Hot Strip
-------
461

Mill was In operation. Since that time the remaining four

projects have also been placed in operation.

At the January 1966 meeting Mr. Harbaugh outlined

for you the program which Inland was studying for the abate-

ment of water pollution to meet the recommendations of the

conference. Since that time preliminary plans have been

prepared and were submitted to the Indiana Stream Pollution

Control Board on December 2, 1966, for their approval. On

February 27, 1967, we received notification that the Board

had granted approval on February 21, 1967.

This is the preliminary plan that Inland presented

to the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board. I am quite

sure you could not get this in the record, but you can have

it to look at it.

(Handing same to Mr. Stein. )

Will you show the first slide?

These (indicating) are the twelve projects that

are included on our plan, and we have indicated on the right-

hand side the projected completion dates.

You will notice that the second project is now in

operation. Of the other projects at the top of the page,

four of them will be completed this year, and the remainder

will be completed in 1968.
-------
J. R. Brough 462

The projects Whioh are at the bottom are the

projects which are still in the engineering phase. Of those

projects, all of them, with the exception of Part 8, which

is the terminal treatment facility, and a very small portion

of Part 9, will be completed before the end of 1968.

In other words, of the 12 projects, 10 and 90

percent of the llth one will be completed by the end of 1968.

I will now review the projects here.

1. Waste Acid Collection and Deep Well Disposal

This system will be used for the collection and

disposal of approximately 170,000 gallons of waste pickle

liquor per day from four pickling lines, one galvanizing

line, one normalizing line and a new 12" Merchant Mill batch

pickling operation. When this system is placed in operation,

we will have eliminated problems of acidity and discoloration

caused by this acid liquor. Final plans for this project

have been approved by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control

Board. Contracts for drilling of the well and for the above-

ground equipment have been placed. We expect this facility,

costing more than $2-| million, to be in operation in 1968.
-------
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2. Expansion and Improvement of the North End

Industrial Waste Lagoon

This project provides for increased retention

time, an improved oil collection system, and isolation of

one-half of the lagoon for dredging of settled solids while the

other half continues to operate. This project has been

approved by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board and Is

now in operation.

3. Waste Water Treatment Facilities for the 12"

This project is for a new mill which is now under

construction, and it will be placed in operation when the

mill is started. Dirty water will be clarified, cooled and

recirculated. Initial operation of this mill is expected in

4. Waste Water Automatic Samplers

This project provides eight automatic samplers

for existing outfalls to improve surveillance. Samplers have

been received and installation work is now in progress. We

expect completion of this project in June 1967.
-------
466

5. Plants 2 and Coke Plants - Increased

Capacity of Water Cooling Towers

This project will reduce the discharge of untreated

water from the coke plants by lowering the excessive volume

of blowdown caused by the injection of cool service water

into the system to maintain proper cool water temperature.

This project is complete for the five coke oven batteries in

Plant 2. Work has begun for the two batteries in Plant 3, and

completion is expected in May of this year.

6. Coke Plant Lime Still Waste Liquor Disposal

We now use temporary pumping facilities to send

our lime still wastes to the City of East Chicago Sanitary

District for treatment in its sewage disposal plant, where

the phenol content is reduced by approximately 99 percent.

This project provides permanent facilities for metering,

sampling, and pumping of these wastes to the city sewers.

Completion of these permanent facilities is expected in 1967.

Obviously, since we are already sending these

wastes to the city, this is not only getting this project

completed, but we already have this abatement under way.

7. No. 3 A. C. Station Boiler Peedwater Treatment

In this project the type of boiler feedwater

treatment will be changed from a hot lime-phosphate process
-------
467

to a hot lime-zeolite process. This change will reduce the

phosphate requirement from 210 pounds per day to 50 pounds

per day. Operation of this facility is expected in 1967.

8. Terminal Waste Treatment Facility.

This terminal treatment facility is by far the

largest and most costly project in our pollution abatement

program. In this facility, we will collect the water from

six existing outfalls and direct it into scalping tanks

where trash, heavy solids, and floating material, including

oil, will be removed. Pumps will lift the water from the

scalping tanks into a terminal settling basin, 212 feet by

1,030 feet, with a 3-~i hour detention time. Here "settleable"

solids and residual floating oil will be removed. Ti:;e efflu-

ent from the existing blast furnace thickeners, together with

a portion of the water from one of the outfalls mentioned

above, will be directed into a flue dust settling basin, 160

feet by 440 feet, with a 5.7 hour detention time. Flue dust

which escapes the existing thickeners will settle in this

basin, floating oil will be skimmed off and directed into the

scalping tanks.

This project also includes sludge lagoons to

receive solid material dredged from the scalping tanks, the

flue dust settling basin, and the terminal settling basin.
-------
468

Oil concentrating, oil handling and storage

facilities are provided; automatic samplers are provided

for the efflu2nt from the flue dust settling basin and

terminal settling basin.

I shall discuss this project further later.

The earliest date on which this project can be

brought on stream is in 1970.

9. Plant 2 Blast Furnaces - Water Pollution

Abatement Facilities

This project involves several modifications in

the blast furnace area. Briefly, the results of these modi-

fications will be:

a. Miscellaneous dirty water which flows

or is pumped to clean water sewers will be directed to the

existing Dorr Thickeners.

b. Clean water from the gas coolers which

now goes to the thickeners will be rerouted to clean water

sewers, which will reduce the quantity of water to be treated

c. Existing gas washers are being converted

to gas coolers and venturi scrubbers are being added. This

change will reduce the volume of dirty water to be treated.

d. New pumps with automatic controls are

being installed in two pump houses, a move which will
-------
469

substantially reduce tne possibility of untreated water

bypassing the Dorr Thickeners.

Some of the modifications involved have already

been made in conjunction with previous blast furnace re-

fractory relining jobs. Parts of this project are not asso-

ciated with reline schedules and are scheduled for completion

before December 31, 1968. Those items remaining to be

accomplished when furances are relined will be done at the

next reline. Based on current estimated reline schedules, all

items will be completed before December 31> 1968, except for

Furnaces 3 and 4, which are scheduled for reline in 1969.

Pollution abatement items associated with reline schedules

were completed for No. 5 Furnace when it was last relined in

10. Plant 3 Blast Furnaces - Water Pollution

Abatement Facilities

Piping and equipment changes similar to those in-

dicated for Plant 2 Blast Furnaces will be made in Plant 3.

Also, a secondary settling basin will be provided to allow

settling of solids which escape from the existing thickener.

This project is scheduled for completion before the end of

1968.
-------
J. R. Brough

11. Plant 2 Coke Plant - Water Pollution Abate-

ment Facilities

Modifications will be made in the coke plant

area to prevent nearly all of the water which contains

residual amounts of chemicals from reaching service water

sewers. The coke quenching water system will be closed to

prevent the coke solids from entering the service water

sewers. The gas cooling water system blowdown will be

directed to the coke quenching water system. Completion is

expected in 1968.

12. Plant 3 Coke Plant - Water Pollution Abate-

ment Facilities

Modifications will be made to prevent most water

which contains residual amounts of chemicals from reaching

service water sewers. Blowdown from the gas cooling water

system and other waste water will be directed into the city

sanitary sewer together with the lime still waste. The

coke quenching water system will be closed to prevent coke

solids from entering the service water sewers. Completion

of this project is expected before the end of 1968.

We were requested to give justification for

completion dates extending beyond December 1968. The only

projects in this category are a small portion of Part 9 of
-------
471

our program, which is to be completed when Blast Furances

3 and 4 are relined in 1969, and the Terminal Treatment

Facility, which is Part 8 of our program.

The blast furnace modifications cannot be per-

formed while the furnace is operating. The potential

exposure of personnel to gas and the potential explosion

hazards to personnel and equipment make it unfeasible to do

the work unless the furnace is completely shut down.

Inland Steel Company starts at the lower left-

hand corner of this slide (indicating) and extends to the

top portion of this slide.

This (indicating) is the Indiana Harbor Ship

Canal. This is the turning basin and this is the harbor

entrance here. The terminal treatment facility will be

located in this area here (indicating).

Slide 3 is a close-up view of the ship turning

basin with the terminal treatment facility site indicated.

This area, of course, is now water, approximately 23 feet.

You will note on here some of our pollution abate-

ment facilities. These are the Dorr Thickeners for the

blast furnaces.

This (indicating) is our No. 1 sewage treatment

plant right here.

Slide 4 is an engineering drawing of the treatment
-------
J. R. Brough

plant. TJ-e red outlines the entire job here. You can see

on here the white or the Interceptor sewers that must be

This facility here is half again as long as a

"ootball field. This is your terminal settling basin, which

is 212 feet by 1,030 feet.

These are sludge lagoons, and this is your flue

dust settling basin.

The total area occupied by these facilities and

which must be filled for this project is more than 18 acres.

The fill material required is in excess of one million cubic

The estimated cost of this facility is more than

Slide 5 is an engineering and construction

schedule for this project which was prepared by our engineer-

ing department.

For this project we require certain State and

Federal approval. Design engineering was started when we

completed our preliminary engineering, and we expect it to be

completed in about seven months from January 1st.

Detailed engineering will start as soon as final

engineering is completed. £s soon as we get necessary

approval, we can start site preparation. Tris includes
-------
473
J. R. Brough
filling the area with slag and sand and allowing the period
for this fill to compact, so it will later support the load
of the facilities. After the site preparation has been
completed, we can then start construction of the facility.
This is a project which involves excavation and
concrete work, and I believe we estimate this will take
eight months.
After this portion of the project is completed,
we can then start installation of the equipment, and that
will take us up to May 1970.
This schedule has been developed based upon many
years of experience in the construction of many major
projects. Some of the work will be performed by our own
forces; however, much of the engineering and construction
will be performed by outside contractors. In making esti-
mates of the time required for work performed under contract,
we have relied upon our experience in dealing with contractors
performing similar work.
A major portion of the construction must be
accomplished in an area that must be constantly dewatered
since it is 20 feet below the water level. Because of the
nature of the work, it is necessary to perform this portion
of this project in nonfreezing weather .
For portions of this project, we require approvals
-------
J. R. Brough

from governmental agencies, and we have assumed that these

approvals will be granted without undue delay.

We feel that the schedule for construction is

a reasonable one based on sound engineering judgment. If

these judgments are correct, we are pointing to- completion

of this project in May 1970. At the same time, we emphasize

the tremendous demands upon us for funds to construct pro-

ductive facilities to keep Inland competitive, and, in this

connection, the need for a Federal incentive tax credit for

the installation of the nonproductive facilities provided for

in our water pollution abatement program.

The projects which I have discussed today are

examples of Inland's continuing efforts in the abatement of

pollution, in recognition of its responsibilities to the

surrounding communities and the public generally.

We shall continue our efforts in the maintenance

of pollution abatement equipment, in improving our house-

keeping, and in maintaining surveillance of our effluent

water. We shall continue to install adequate pollution

control equipment for each new or modernized production

facility, and to correct pollution problems associated with

existing facilities.

MR. STEIN: Thank you. This was an excellent
-------
475

and clear presentation indeed.

Are there any comments or questions?

MR. KLASSEN: My curiosity got the best of me,

Were these pictures that you just showed us here

taken during an operation of the plant? There was no smoke

coming out of any of the stacks. I was wondering about that.

MR. STEIN: If you can do as well with water as

you did with the air in that picture, we will be satisfied.

MR. BROUGH: That's true. The plant is completely

free of air and water pollution. It was during the strike.

MR. POSTON: I have a question.

I note that you have some twelve different projects

under construction or authorized, or under development, and

all of these projects meet the date except the terminal

waste treatment facility. I wondered how the terminal waste

treatment facility ties in with the other projects that you

In other words, how much of the overall waste load

will be handled by your terminal treatment facility as com-

pared to these other projects?

MR. BROUGH: Well, the only item that you will

have -- the only, shall we say, pollutants that are involved
-------
4?6

in the terminal treatment facility are oil and solids.

Now, all the chemical pollutants are taken care

of by these other projects.

Of the solids, the only way I know to answer that

is to refer to the blue book. It can tell you how much we

selected there. I believe we did view this and made an

estimate of the solids. I just don't recall how much it is,

but maybe between 25 and 40 percent, shall we say.

MR. POSTON: Twenty-five to 40 percent of the

terminal waste treatment plant will --

MR. BROUGH: No. It will be 25 to 40 percent. I

am not certain of the figures, but it would be somewhere in

This provides a secondary treatment. One part of

this terminal treatment is through the settling basins and

provides the secondary treatment.

MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments or

MR. STEIN: You know, Ross Harbaugh really helped

us out in many, many ways, and he was an essential man in

developing the requirements. We are all indebted to him for

that work, and he was really very helpful to water pollution

control.
-------
4 77

Sometimes you may think this is strange, but I

don't. Whether these men work for industry or the State or

the Federal Government, I have found that the sense of

responsibility has been about the same. There may be

differences that we all have, and differences of opinion,

but I think we want the Job to get done, and the substantive

requirements of the regulatory agencies that we are talking

about now are as much a product of a man like Ross Harbaugh

as any of the State or Federal or local governmental officials

MR. BROUGH: Tr.ank you. I appreciate it.

MR. STEIN: At this point, we will recess for ten

(Whereupon a recess was had. )

MR. STEIN: May we reconvene?

The way the schedule looks now, I think we will

complete the meeting today -- that is, the meeting schedule,

not the construction schedule.

As far as we can tell, we have one more company,

United States Steel. Illinois has a relatively short

presentation. The Sanitary District has a relatively short

oral presentation, and then, at the request of some of the

members of the panel, we will go into what I confidentially

expect will be a short executive session. Then we will have
-------

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-------
an announcement.

However, before we begin, evidently there has

been a considerable amount of discussion on some of the

testimony we heard this morning of Mayor Katz of Gary,

Indiana. I also put the telegram in th« record that he

received from the Corps of Engineers earlier today, but in

response to requests, I am going to read the contents of this

telegram now, so that the record will be clear to all.

This is to Mayor Katz and it is dated 10 March

"I have received your telegram of 8 March

1967 requesting that I conduct a public hearing

to receive expert professional testimony on the

effect on Gary beaches of riparian construction

operations by U. S. Steel on its Gary property.

"As you know from my telegram to you of 8

March, I have requested the Federal Water Pollution

Control Administration (PWPCA) to Investigate the

work in question from the standpoint of its effect

on water quality. I have been informed that the

State of Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board is

also making an investigation. Thus on that subject

I know of no better source of the expert testimony

you seek and I am sure that the findings of these

two agencies will be fully responsive to your
-------
^79

"request insofar as water pollution aspects are

"I requested in my 8 March telegram that you

inform us of other specific areas beside water

pollution which might be of concern to you. Though

I have not received your reply as yet, I can

postulate only two possibilities, namely shore

erosion and effect on the proposed small boat harbor

at Marquette Park.

"The subject of shore erosion in the area in

question was fully investigated by my office in the

process of studying the small boat harbor. Briefly,

that study shows that Gary is in a nodal reach with

respect to Lake Michigan littoral currents. Thus

the east shore connection bulkhead of the U. S.

Steel work will have but slight effect on the

public beach which begins about one-half mile

eastward. Our study shows that the small boat

harbor at Marquette Park itself, if constructed,

will have little effect on the beaches immediately

adjacent. In any case the effect of the small boat

harbor will preponderate over any possible effect

of the U. S. Steel bulkhead on the Gary public beach

and all other beaches eastward thereof.

"As to the possible effect of the U. S. Steel
-------
480

"work on the proposed small boat harbor, the fact

that they are some 4,000 feet apart insures that

small craft entering or leaving the harbor will

not be hazarded by the existence of the Steel

Corporation's east shore connection bulkhead.

The wave absorptive properties of that bulkhead,

which is of rubble mound construction except for

the lakeward ^00 feet, are such that craft using

the small boat harbor will likewise not be hazarded

by reflected waves.

"I note that your telegrams to me refer to

U.S. Steel's quote landfill unquote project. In

fact, U. S. Steel is required by the permit issued

to completely enclose with bulkheads the several

areas to be filled prior to starting landfill opera-

tions. The bulkheads will be of two types, rubble

mound and sheet steel piling. Provided that the

FWPCA investigation determines that the materials

used to construct the rubble mound bulkheads --

slag and rock -- are not contaminants, the effect

on Lake Michigan of construction operations will

be limited to transitory turbidity.

"I have discussed the foregoing matters in

some detail in an effort to demonstrate that

professional expertise is being brought to bear
-------
481

"on the matters of concern to you. To insure that

all are treated to your complete satisfaction, I

would like to meet with you, together with a

representative of the FWPCA, as soon as the FWPCA

investigation is completed. In the event that

further investigation of a.ny aspect of the effect

of subject work is necessary, I assure you that my

office will undertake it immediately. Although

public hearings are time consuming and costly, I

assure you further that I will hold one if my

investigation discloses a need to do so. I shall

contact you to arrange for a meeting as soon as I

am apprised that the FWPCA investigation has been

"EDWARD E. BENNETT, Colonel, CE

District Engineer

USA Engr Dist. Chicago"

That is the end of the telegram.

MR. MICHAEL J. 'NEALON! Mr. Stein, I think it is

unfair to read that telegram if you don't also now read the

article that Mr. Katz gave you.

MR. STEIN: Why don't you come up with the article?

I am going to make this record complete.

Let me get off the record here on this.

(Discussion off the record.)
-------
482
MR. STEIN: Back on the record.

This is entitled, "Engineers Differ on the Gary

Landfill/' and this is from the Chicago Sun-Times, Wednesday,

March 15, 1967.

"There are conflicting views within the U. S.

Army Corps of Engineers on the effect a U, S. Steel

Corp. landfill project would have on Gary's public

"Col. Edward E. Bennett, district engineer in

Chicago, said in a wire to Gary Mayor A. Martin Katz

the project 'will have but slight effect on the

public beach which begins about one-mile eastward.1

"But a spokesman for the engineering division

of Bennett's office, who declined to be quoted by

name, disagreed with that analysis.

"The engineer, after studying technical reports,

said Tuesday it appeared the landfill project would

create a build-up of sand deposited by lake currents.

This would threaten the nearby beach area and act

as a potential trap for pollutants, the engineer

"Although the engineer declined to be quoted

by name, he was interviewed in the presence of Thomas

Hicks, technical liaison officer for the Chicago
-------
483

"district of the corps.

"Mayor Katz earlier this month called for a

federal investigation of the landfill plans on

the ground the project could destroy Gary's remaining

beach area and increase Lake Michigan pollution.

"Original plans for the project, approved in

1956, called for the work to start at the Gary Works

Harbor, at the western edge of the company's shore-

"But a revision authorized by the Corps of

Engineers last fall without a public hearing allowed

the firm to begin work on a right-angle shore arm at

the eastern edge of the landfill site nearest to

Marquette Park bathing facilities.

"The company halted work on the project after

Mayor Katz raised his objections. The Corps of

Engineers then asked another federal agency, the

Water Pollution Control Administration, to check

on pollution possibilities arising from the landfill.

"Bennett, in his letter to Mayor Katz, said

'the subject of shore erosion in the area in question

was fully investigated by my office in the process

of studying the small boat harbor1 proposed for

Marquette Park.
-------
"Results of that study of lake currents in-

dicate the U. S. Steel landfill project would not

have an adverse effect on the beach, he said.

"But the engineer interviewed by the Sun-Times

said his study of lake currents indicated that a

build-up of sand would occur east of *ne steel

firm's landfill.

"PROBLEM ELSEWHERE

"A study of currents at nearby Burns Harbor,

where Bethlehem Steel Corp. plans a landfill, pointed

to an average annual deposit of 27,000 cubic yards

of sand to the east of the landfill, the engineer

"He said it is not known if the magnitude of

the build-up at the U. S. Steel facility would be

"Meanwhile, the U. Sc Steel landfill is expected

to come up for discussion Wednesday at a meeting of

the Conference on Lake Michigan Pollution at U. S.

Courthouse. Representatives of Illinois and Indiana

pollution control agencies will be among those

attending the federally sponsored meeting.

"On Thursday, Corps of Engineers and federal

pollution officials are expected to review the U. S.
-------
485

"Steel matter with Mayor Katz."

That concludes this, and it sure was brought up

at the hearing today. As you know, we always have to do

this when we maintain a record. When the camel gets his

nose under the tent, a lot of sand follows, and we have a

lot of sand, I guess, on the beaches, because there is still

one more letter I have to put in to complete the record.

This is a letter written from the United States

Steel Corporation Gary Steel Works, Gary, Indiana, to Mayor

A. Martin Katz, City Hall, Gary, Indiana, dated March 8,

"Dear Mayor Katz:

"Your letter to me of March 2nd was given

immediate serious consideration. As I told you

in a phone conversation Friday morning, we temporarily

ceased placing any further fill in Lake Michigan

pending review of your request by all affected depart-

ments of United States Steel.

."We fully understand your concern for Gary's

beaches. As an important part of the City's economic

base and its largest employer, we are aware that

thousands of members of our organization and their

families and neighbors enjoy these facilities each

year. We are, therefore, extremely conscious of our

responsibility as a corporate citizen to do everything
-------
486

"in our power to aid the City of Gary in maintaining

this recreational resource.

"I can assure you that no significant amount

of construction material will escape during con-

struction of the bulkhead, and that the bulkhead

will prevent the escape of any material used in

filling the submerged land being reclaimed. I would

like to stress that the materials being used and

the methods employed are in strict accordance with

Army Corps of Engineers' requirements.

"Although I regret that inadvertently I did not

personally advise you of the date this construction

began, I was nonetheless startled by your recent

statement. This project has been known to the City

of Gary since 1955. On August 16 of that year the

City Council recommended its approval. Subsequently

the Secretary of the Army granted authorization on

March 12, 1956, the Indiana Department of Conserva-

tion approved October 10, 1956 and the Secretary of

the State of Indiana on January 7, 1957. The fill

area was indicated on the Plan for Major Streets

published by the Gary City Plan Commission and

distributed at your Traffic Committee Meeting on

December 15, 1966. In fact the fill area is in-

dicated on several other plans in the excellent
-------
"Comprehensive Plan for Gary developed under your

administration.

"Based on these local, State and national

authorizations, this landfill area has figured in

all of the long range plans for maintaining the

competitive position of Gary Works as the City's

largest producing organization and employer. Avail-

ability of this area was an important factor in

locating the new Basic Oxygen Shop and U. S. Steel's

pioneering Continuous Casting facilities which will

soon come into production. These expenditures and

other commitments have been made in good faith rely-

ing on the previously made Government commitments.

"I should also like to stress that these commit-

ments to U. S. Steel were made by the responsible

governmental agencies after thorough investigation

of the very questions now being raised. We believe

it to be imperative that U. S. Steel be able to con-

tinue to rely upon the integrity of the commitments

that have been made.

"You are correct in assuming that the delay of

a few days which we have incurred in the temporary

shutdown of fill since last Friday, will not affect

our eventual timetable. However, a delay of several

weeks would have a number of unfavorable effects on
-------
488

"both the City of Gary and our organization. Our

present schedule would enable us to have much of

the shore area of the bulkhead constructed and

protected by large stonas' before the Summer beach

season. Even more vital is the necessity of

completing the entire bulkhead for this first phase

of the project this year to prevent damage to it

and adjacent shore areas if an uncompleted job

faces next Winter's storms.

"For all of these reasons, we believe 1.t is

vital to the project, and important to the future

of Gary, that work be resumed in the near future.

We will, of course, review every phase of our

construction plans to make certain that we not

only meet but exceed the safeguards provided by

Army Engineers regulations against pollution or any

possible deleterious effect on Gary's beaches.

"Throughout the construction period we hope

that you will visit the site often, and that you and

the City's technical staff call upon us for any in-

formation about the project you desire.

"I am sure that this improvement will help to

maintain Gary's pre-eminent place as an industrial

and employment center without in any way harming

the recreational opportunities of its citizens.
-------
489
"Sincerely

P. A. Dudderar."

That concludes all the public documents that we

have on the case.

I think these documents speak for themselves.

The issue is well drawn, and I think we all understand the

MR. KLASSEN: May I ask you a question?

MR. STEIN: You can question the Chairman, but

he knows nothing more than appears in the four corners of the

MR. POSTON: Mr. Chairman, I would like to correct

the record insofar as the statement that I made concerning

the timing of the report of the Federal Water Pollution

Control Administration, the report to the Corps of Engineers.

I indicated it would be Friday of this week. It

is Friday of next week, or the 24th of March.

MR. STEIN: Mr. Poston, we hope to have you back

by Friday of next week.

We are going to have him in Minneapolis and

Buffalo next week, but we will probably be aole to deliver

Mr. Poole?
-------
490
H. J. Dunsmore
MR. POOLE: I want to introduce Mr. Herbert J.

Dunsmore, Assistant to the Administrative Vice President

for Engineering for the United States Steel Corporation.

STATEMENT OP HERBERT J. DUNSMORE,

ASSISTANT TO ADMINISTRATIVE VICE

PRESIDENT, ENGINEERING, UNITED

STATES STEEL CORPORATION

MR. DUNSMORE: Mr. Chairman, Conferees, Ladies

and Gentian en:

My name is Herbert J. Dunsmore„ I am the Assistant

to the Administrative Vice President of Engineering at United

States Steel and my responsibilities include the area of

water quality control.

I am pleased to have an opportunity to explain to

the conferees the progress made since our last report on

January 4, 1966, and to review our proposal to install addi-

tional facilities which will bring the industrial waste dis-

charges from the Gary facilities up to the suggested standards

on water quality developed following the criteria established

for Lower Lake Michigan and its tributaries.

United States Steel has a total of five plants

in Gary. I have some slides that I would like to show.
-------
H. J. Dunsmore

The American Bridge Plant and the Universal Atlas

Cement Plant currently have adequate treatment facilities, as

reported by Mr. Miller. The sanitary wastes here are connected

to the Gary Sanitary Sewer Treatment Plant, or receive adequate

treatment by the company-operated facilities.

The three major plants that are involved in this

plan are the Gary Steel Works, Gary Sheet and Tin Works, and

Gary Tube Works. The photo on the board now is the Gary Sheet

and Tin Works. This shows a number of treatment facilities

that are circled (indicating).

This is an acid neutralization plant that is now

nearing completion. Last year we showed a picture of this.

It was just an excavation for this site. We expect to have

this facility in operation within thirty days.

The question has been raised about time here. To

give you an idea, here (indicating) is a control panel for

the acid underground injection well. We have had over a year

of delay just on getting electrical control facilities.

This (indicating) is a vacuum filter, which is

part of a system to run the backwash water from our high rate

filters that will be put in the new 84-inch hot strip mill.

We could not show all the facility, but we did show this."

This will handle about 50,000 gallons of water per minute and
-------
492

reduce it down to 20,000 parts per million of suspended

This same facility in the 84-inch hot strip mill

is expected to go into operation in several weeks, as it is

now nearing completion. It has some additional facilities

called roughing sand pits that will handle about 38>000

gallons of water a minute and provide for about 23-minute

retention time. These, of course, will be equipped with oil

The terminal treatment plant, which is now nearing

completion, is shown on this slide (indicating) and will serve

some of the older existing facilities, as well as the new

six-stand cold reduction tin mill. This is expected to go

into operation before June 30, 1967. It has a designed

capacity of 8,000 gallons per minute.

MR. STEIN: Do you want to repeat that date?

MR. DUNSMORE: June 30, 196?.

MR. STEIN: Thank you.

MR. DUNSMORE: It-will provide about 135 minutes

retention time, and this is the plant that will have additions

added to it to provide for the remainder of the program for

the Gary Sheet and Tin Mill.

I would like to point out that we have not as yet
-------
4 93

H. J. Dunsmore
placed any of these facilities into operation. There have
been considerable delays in delivery and installation of
equipment, particularly electrical controls, because of the
competition for both the technical craftsmen necessary to
make certain of the installations and the competition for this
type of equipment by others. Each of these facilities, how-
ever, should be in operation before July 1, 1967. Two of
them, namely, the underground injection well and the acid
neutralization plant, should be in operation within one month.
I think it is well to point out here that it has
taken over three years between the time of the first pre-
liminary plans and the equipment installed and placed into
operation. For example, the well was drilled in early 1965.
While these facilities that have been shown will
provide excellent waste treatment for a major portion of the
industrial wastes at the Gary Sheet and Tin Works, there
*»
remain the following problems: the waste from the existing
segregated tin mill and the acid rinse from the existing 66"
and the new 8V sheet tin mills which will be diverted to
the terminal treatment plant, which you saw some time ago.
I guess this schematic diagram is a little tough
to see. These facilities will be expanded and the final
engineering design is now under way, and construction on this
-------
H. J. Dunsmore

phase of the program will be completed and made operational

by December 1970.

The oil wastes from the cold reduction mill, which

are now treated in a modern treatment plant that was installed

in 1963> but did not live up to our expectations, will have

to be diverted again to this terminal treatment plant for

further treatment.

The 3ast remaining discharge at the Gary Sheet and

Tin Works that is unsatisfactory is an overflow device that

currently handles a portion of the discharge from the existing

mill scale pit of the 80" strip mill". Certain changes and

improvements are being made now to the sewer system that will

provide some relief to this problem.

However, the final correction will be made by 1970,

at which time the overflow discharges will be diverted to the

filter plant which you saw a while back, after that filter

plant has been expanded to handle"the additional increased

volume. This is expected to be completed by December 1970,

which will complete the plans for the Gary Sheet and Tin Works,

Now, to move over to the Gary Tube Works and the

Gary Steel Works, which has 13 sewers, which I guess you will

not be able to see too well on that slide, but out of these

13 outfalls, 7 are proposed for water treatment facilities

and 6 do not need additional treatment and could be classified
-------
495

as clean water sewers.

All of the industrial wastes from the Gary Tube

Works enter the Grand Calumet River through a sewer designated

as NTGW1. We propose to provide a settling basin and oil

skimmer, which will remove substantially all of the free-

floating oil and reduce further the solids content, which

are now at an acceptable level.

Sewers Nos. ? and 3 of the coke works area are

being diverted now to the Gary Sanitary Treatment Plant for

studies that have been referred to before today, to determine

if these coke plant wastes can be adequately treated in their

To date it has not experienced any unusual or

difficult waste treatment problem, but we will know the answer

to this question from the Sanitary Authority by July 1967.

Providing the answer is favorable, then we can complete the

total connection of all the coke plant wastes to their

facility by 1969.

The reason for that time is because of the many

changes in the sewerage system within the plant in order to

pick up each of the wastes and get it over to a point where

we can transport it to the sanitary facility.

Sewer No. 4, which is the next one, is a clean water
-------
496

Sewer No. 5 contains discharges from our blast

furnace gas washers, which already has treatment facilities

on it, but we will need to add additional thickeners and

make certain modifications to the facilities that are there

now, which will provide in excess of 150 minutes retention

time and will also be provided with oil skimmers.

Sewers Nos. 6 and 7 are clean water sewers.

Sewer No. 7 handles the industrial discharge from the basic

oxygen process shop and the continuous casting shop.

I would like to show you this. This (indicating)

is our thickener and clarifier for the basic oxygen process

shop, which was started into operation in January of 1966,

and this provides treatment for 600 gallons per minute with

a three-hour retention time.

I would like to divert from the remarks a little

bit to comment about our basic oxygen process, because this

morning, from the sampling or the monitoring report , it left

an implication that did not place this furnace in its best

For the conference, I would like you to know that

this is one of the finest methods of making steel yet

developed, and it is being installed by all steel companies,

both in America and abroad, at a very rapid rate. It will
-------
^97

have a great effect on reducing both air pollution and stream

This is a scale pit for the continuous casting

facilities, which last year we showed you again a hole in

the ground, with sand being moved. We expect this to be placed

into operation in the next few weeks. It is three-sectional,

as you can see, equipped with oil skimmers, and will remove

the solids to a level acceptable to the Sanitary Water Board.

GW9> if you remember the map that was up there,

again is a clean water sewer, and Sewers Nos. GW10, 11 and 12

are the sewers that serve the mill area, and will be diverted

to the settling basins, which were shown in green and hardly

distinguishable, and will provide 125 minutes retention time.

They will be equipped with oil skimmers, which will bring this

discharge down to an acceptable level. This job will be

completed by December 1970.

The last sewer, Sewer No. 13, is a clean water

sewer carrying storm water only.

This completes the proposed program for the Gary

Tube and Gary Steel Works.

This chart (indicating) shows the effect that this

program will have on the Calumet River. We have on this side

of the chart the thousands of pounds of solids per day, and

along the bottom of the chart are the years, starting with
-------
498

the years 196?, 1968, 1969 and 1970.

The GV/5 or the sewer for our blast furnace is the

first one that will come on stream in December 1969, and you

can see what effect it will have. The next drop are the

Sewers 10, 11 and 12, which serve the mill area. When we get

all the treatment facilities in, this will bring all of the

discharges from the Gary Works down to the 40 parts per million

While it is recognized that this is a sizable task

and a complex undertaking with major sewer relocations and

sewer separations, as well as providing treatment facilities,

It is believed that in spite of the fact that there will be

delays on equipment such as electrical controls and pumps and

other necessary facilities to place these treatment devices

into operation, the timetable is realistic and every effort

will be made to complete this improvement program by December

A consulting engineering firm has been actively

engaged since 1954 in developing control methods for the

various types of discharges from the three plants covered in

The preliminary plans on the Gary Steel Works

portion of the program were received from the consulting

engineering firm in February 1967. Their final engineering
-------
4 99

design details and specifications will be undertaken as soon

as we receive an approval of this improvement program from

the Indiana Pollution Control Board. The final design details

and specifications cannot be completed by July 1967.

Construction will start at once following the

Pollution Control Board's approval of construction permits.

Recent experience indicates that extended time is required

to obtain delivery of equipment. Electrical equipment, in

particular, is difficult to obtain and frequently requires

alterations or presents difficulties during start-up. A con-

struction program of this magnitude will take approximately

2~j=r years, barring unforeseen difficulties.

In the proposed timetable adopted by the conferees

February 1966, it included a statement that the conferees

recognized modifications to its schedule may be necessary. We

believe this provision was wisely included to permit an ex-

tension of time where the circumstances of the situation in-

dicated it was necessary.

We shortened our first proposal to Indiana by two

We respectfully request that the program t'hat has

been proposed for U. S. Steel's Gary facilities be accepted

with a completion date of December 1970.

Thank you.
-------
500

(The list of slides is as follows:

1. General location map showing the five USS

2. Aerial view of Gary Sheet and Tin Works

identifying treatment facilities.

3. Acid neutralization plant, Gary Sheet and Tin,

^4. Electrical control panel for deep-well

5. Filter to remove mill scale in backwash water,

6. Terminal treatment plant.

7. Sewer arrangement of Gary Sheet and Tin Works,

8. Sewer arrangement of Gary Tube and Gary Steel

9. Acid handling arrangement of Gary Tube Works.

10. Flue dust thickener, Gary BOP Shop.

11. Mill scale pit, continuous casting.

12. Pollution load chart showing effect of

MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr. Dunsmore.

Are there any questions or comments?

(No response.)
-------
500 D
-------
suu
480
440
400
360
320
280
240
200
160
120
80
40
0
Be
19
T
Existing Solids
434
-
232
i r 1
WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT
Gory Steel Works
^Se^-GW-5 528 MMGPD Av.ro,. Flow

Sewer - GW-10 )
GW-11 \ .
GW-12J \
r-
175
*-
-
1 1 1
*. Dec. Dec. Dec.
67 1968 1969 1970
-------
501

MR. STEIN: Mr. Dunsmore, are you in agreement

yet on yeur plans with the Indiana authorities?
»

MR. DUNSMORE: Well, no, but they haven't had

an opportunity to yet.
/
In other words, their Board meets on March 21st,

and we won't know and can't know until they have met to give

us formal approval. We have had informal approval.

MR. STEIN: You are pretty optimistic about the

MR. DUNSMORE: Well --

MR. STEIN: You submitted this once .before, didn't

MR. DUNSMORE: What?

MR. STEIN: Your plan. I am reading from here.

This is the problem I have, that preliminary reports

were considered unsatisfactory and the Board requested a

higher degree of treatment and earlier completion date.

I guess you put in the earlier completion date.

When was this rejected?

MR. DUNSMORE: On January 18th, I believe.

MR. STEIN: And is this the next meeting of the

Board, or did you skip one?

MR. POOLE: We have one a month.

MR. DUNSMORE: They meet every month.
-------
502

MR. STEIN: Do you believe that your treatment now

meets the objections that they had at first?

MR. DUNSMORE: Yes, and I very much would like to

speak to that point.

As I told you, we didn't get our consulting

engineering report to our office until February of 1967* but

we did try to follow the directives of the conferees to give

a plan by the end of December of 1966, so we took a plan down

anyway. Fortunately, when we finally got our plan from the

consulting engineer, it was possible to even go to a greater

degree of treatment than we had guessed, and to also shorten

So the difference between the first program that

we submitted on December l4th of 1966 and the second program

was because of the benefit of the consulting engineer's

preliminary report.

MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments or

MR. POOLE: I would like to have one on an Illinois

What kind of schedules have you worked out or

proposed for the South Works? I know that is out of Indiana's

jurisdiction, but it is part of this area.

MR. DUNSMORE: Yes.
-------
503

Well, of course, we have worked, and are continuing

to work with the Metropolitan Sanitary District for the South

Works, and we now have plans in their office for approval for

the beginning steps of a program. We also have a consulting

engineering firm hired to proceed with Step 2 of that program.

MR. POOLE: What kind of reaction do you get from

them about these timetables, similar to the one you got from

us, or are their timetables different?

MR. DUNSMORE: I would say the situation is

Certainly, we have no complaint about timetables

in either case, but we were able to put on a new treatment

facility at the South Works now because of the timing of a

blast furnace arrangement, and we have made other interim

steps in the mill area, such as getting rid of oil, putting

oil skimmers on, and I don't believe that enough discussion

has yet occurred because we have not completed our total

preliminary plans for the South Works. We are not in a

position, and neither is the Sanitary Authority, to come to

the decision that you are asking.

MR. POSTON: What you are saying is you do not

have a preliminary plan for the South Works?

MR. DUNSMORE: A total one. That is correct.

MR. STEIN: And you don't have a time schedule for
-------
504

completion at the South Works?1

MR. DUNSMORE: That; is correct.

MR. STEIN: In other words, you are further

advanced in your Gary plant?

MR. DUNSMORE: We a:re.

MR. STEIN: How much do you figure you are ahead?

MR. DUNSMORE: Well, the consulting engineer got

the preliminary plans for Gary, as I said, in February. We

expect the preliminary plans to be done in South Works by

So, I will say we have a five-month or six-month

MR. STEIN: Do you think the construction time

will be the same for the South Works?

MR. DUNSMORE: That would be a tough one to say,

because here again -- and I think this was one of the basic

problems in studying your construction table -- it is impos-

sible to commit yourself on a construction table if you don't

know what is involved, and at this moment we do not know what

MR. STEIN: Well, I think from the point of view

of the conferees -- and I think I am expressing the conferees'

notion --- this is the problem any regulatory agency has.
*
»*
' Within limits, you know what is involved.
-------
505

MR. DUNSMORE: Excuse me?

MR. STEIN: Within limits, you know what is

involved. When they set up any order or construction

schedule for a city or an industry, what they try to do is

to make an estimate, knowing what is involved within limits.

I know these people are kind of easy to get along with. If

they have made any guesses, their guesses have been pretty

accurate in the past on outlining what they felt was a

reasonable time schedule for industries or communities.

It would be a very difficult thing for these

people to do their job if they could not do that.

MB. DUNSMORE: Well, let's give you a "for

Right now, as I told you, we are working with the

Gary Sanitary Authority to find out whether they can take

our coke plant wastes and treat them. They don't know for

sure whether they can or can't. We are both hoping that
%

We have a similar request in to the Metropolitan

Sanitary District which we have tried to determine, and they

have tried to determine the hydraulics of their system to

determine how much of what kind of materials can they take.

MR. STEIN: Mr. Dunsmore, I fully agree with you

on what you are saying, but I think the point is this: In
-------
506

any Industrial system that we have that is closely allied

with a municipality, we have had these types of problems

and many other problems.

The point is that in your Gary plant, you had no

trouble coming up with a schedule. You say you propose to

finish it by May 1970.

MR. DUNSMORE: December 1970.

MR. STEIN: Pardon?

MR. DUNSMORE: December 1970.

MR. STEIN: December 1970?

MR. DUNSMORE: December 1970.

MR. STEIN: All right, December 1970.

Now, one of the things that has to be resolved is

what you are going to do, or how you are going to get rid of

your coke plant wastes. You may have to go it alone, or you

may have to go into a city system.

The point is, given either one of those alterna-

tives, you have been able to come up with a time schedule.

Given the possibilities, again I think you have

to expect the regulatory agency to come up with that, and

Illinois and Indiana have been doing that for years, as we

have, and I think their judgments have been pretty sound.

Recognizing all these decisions and problems that

you have, we do come up with the schedule.
-------
50?

By the way, Mr. Dunsmore, I don't mean to be

invidious in this, because you do this in production all the

time, or we do it all the time, but when we have a State

program we know there are many technical problems to be met,

but they do have a schedule to go on.

When we are developing a supersonic passenger

airplane, we have the same kind of philosophic problem.

Now, the judgment, I think, or the reason you are

dealing with these experts is that they pretty much can come

up with a sophisticated time schedule, knowing you are going

to have technical problems to resolve. Again, in working

with you and knowing you, I classify you right among those

people. There isn't anyone who can do that better than you

MR. DUNSMORE: Thank you.

MR, STEIN: I am sure you do that for your

company, so I think this is the kind of thing that we are

grappling with here, and I think Mr. Poole's question is

pretty much in order.

MR. DUNSMORE: Well, you have expressed a consider-

able concern about it, but I would like to give you another

"for instance."

We are building some major facilities now at

Gary. The timetable was to have our facility in operation by
-------
508

January 1, 1967, for the hot strip mill and for a continuous

caster. Those facilities are not in operation yet, and I

can assure you that there are a lot of people that would

like to have those facilities in operation. They would like

to beat the schedule, if they could.

There is competition these days for skilled crafts-

men and for the type of facilities that you need to put in,

and our timetables are light here unfortunately.

MR. STEIN: Sometimes that happens. However,

they came up with that timetable in 1967. We recognized

that there might be some slip, but. in order to plan and in

order for the regulatory agencies to gauge progress and in

order for the people in the area to gauge progress, I think

the essence of this is to come up as soon as we can with

a reasonable time schedule for completion.

Now, if there is slippage, and we know that there

can be, dealing with the realities of life, but if we come

up with a reasonable explanation, that is one thing. But

the point is that if we don't have the time schedule, we

can meet again six months from now, or six years from now,

and if the job isn't done, who is going to say we didn't

proceed reasonably on that?

I think this is what we are looking for.

MR. DUNSMORE: We will show you considerable
-------
509

progress in the next meeting.

MR. STEIN: Thank you.

MR. POSTCN: I noted that size seemed to be a

considerable consideration in the time schedule.

I have a little table here that says that the

United States Steel Gary plant has about 380 million gallons

per day, as compared to Inland Steel's 480 million gallons

a day that they treat. Yet, Inland Steel came up today

with a schedule and a proposal, which indicated to me that

they are a bigger plant, and yet they were able to come up

with the proposal.

I wonder if you could elaborate on this situation

for me, as to why you weren't able to keep pace with Inland

Steel, which has a greater water use, and a greater amount to

MR. DUNSMORE: I would have to know the details

of their plan like I know the details of ours, and I am not

familiar with their plans, but I am very familiar with ours.

This is a real tight .timetable that we have proposed. We

will do well to meet it.

MR. POSTON: Well, I note, for example, that your

South Works would be much smaller than the total of Inland

Steel productionwise and wastewise, and it seemed to me that

your schedules for construction and schedules for your work
-------
510

might be up to the same timing as those of one who had much

more to do in a particular situation.

MR. DUNSMORE: Well, the South Works is the

second largest steel mill in the United States Steel

Corporation. It is a very large mill; it is very crowded;

and, as you know, it was built in the l880's.

The problems for land space are quite different

there than they are at Gary, but they are being studied and

we will come up with an answer to it with as rapid a time-

table as we can make.

MR. POSTON: That is all I have.

MR. STEIN: There being no more questions or

comments, thank you again.

MR. BACON: I have one question.

MR. STEIN: Mr. Bacon.

MR. BACON: Where on that map are the Gary Works

located, approximately?

MR. DUNSMORE: We are on the Grand Calumet River.

This would be our slip for the Gary Works plant right here,

in this area (indicating).

MR. BACON: What proportion of the total waste

load goes to the Grand Calumet River and what proportion to

MR. DUNSMORE: Most of the waste, the 13 sewers
-------
511

that I showed, all go into the Grand Calumet.

MR. BACON: Those are the heavy or stronger

MR. DUNSMORE: Yes. Tr,e only sewers at all that

go from the Gary Steel Works to the lake are cooling waters,

and all there is in that is temperature. It is essentially

the same as the lake water, except that it is heated up.

At the Gary Sheet and Tin Works, which is located

on the property in this area (indicating), it has one major

outlet, and one smaller outlet to the lake, and this is the

one that carries industrial waste from that sand filter that

I said was just being completed.

MR. BACON: Excluding the cooling water tnen, what

proportion of the total wastes of a processed type goes into

the lake, and what proportion goes into the Grand Calumet

River, just roughly?

MR. DUNSMORE: For Gary Steel Works I would say

95 percent or more of the waste. I would ha^e to look at

the figures for the gallonage, but 95 percent of the -- 100

percent of the wastes from the Gary Tube Works goes into the

Grand Calumet, 100 percent of the wastes from the coke plant,

and about 95 percent from the steel works Itself.

MR. BACON: Thank you.

MR. STEIN: Are there any further comments or
-------
512

MR. POSTON: I have one final comment.

I notice that there are some 35 industries like

yours in this Calumet area, and I know that they all practice

the American way of business,, like you do. That is, they

are very competitive, and they have succeeded in coming

through with appropriate time schedules for the most part

meeting the schedules, with the exception of three, and I

would hope that United States Steel maintains the attitude

of competitiveness and feels the urge to proceed and develop

this waste treatment schedule as quickly as possible, because

we feel that it is very urgent.

MR. DUNSMORE: I can agree with you, Mr. Poston,

that we do, and I would like to remind you that two out of

those five plants already are in compliance, and were before

the first hearing. Those two plants are part of the 35.

In fact, our third plant, the Tube Works, will be brought into

compliance by 1968, so we will have three out of five in

compliance by 1968.

MR. POSTON: That is all I have.

MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr. Dunsmore.

MR. POOLE: That completes our presentation, Mr.

Chairman.
-------
C. W. Klassen 513

MR. STEIN: Thank you.

This, I think you will agree, has been a very

illuminating presentation by the companies, and I would like

to thank all three companies collectively.

Sitting here through the years and coming here

today, we are delighted to see the way these companies have

come forward with their programs and I think we are a lot

closer together in speaking the same language and communicat-

ing with each other.

At this point we will call on Illinois, Mr.

STATEMENT OP CLARENCE W. KLASSEN, CONFEREE

AND TECHNICAL SECRETARY, ILLINOIS STATE

SANITARY WATER BOARD, SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS

MR. KLASSEN: Mr. Chairman, Conferees,, Ladies

Our report here will be very brief, and I think

relatively in the brevity category as compared with our area

of jurisdiction here.

Referring to the map, it is the two white areas

and the other outlying area in the lower left-hand corner

(indicating). You can see we relatively have a small area.
-------
C. W. Klassen

We are filing for the record more detail than I

will cover here, but I just want to summarize briefly our

The secondary treatment and effluent disinfection

due date was April 15, 1966, and we ha e -heard the time

schedules for the industrial waste discharges', the final one

The following is a progress report of the area

under jurisdiction of the Illinois Sanitary Water Board.

All fifteen of the municipal sewage treatment

works in the Calumet area within the Board's jurisdiction

have secondary treatment.

Several communities, five, to be exact, now have

additional treatment facilities to provide treatment of the

plant effluent and partial treatment of storm flow bypass.

The other ten are in some phase of design and study, as the

outline would show.

All municipalities have facilities for disinfec-

tion of effluents. Three communities were several months

late in installing equipment because of partial delays in

delivery. Several municipalities installed interim chlorina-

tion facilities pending completion of the permanent plant.

In Richton Park, a population of 1,050, a new

sewer system and a new treatment plant has the equipment on
-------
515

hand and is awaiting moderate weather for the installation

of the chlorination facilities. They do have the polishing

In other words, all municipalities are in com-

pliance with the conferees' schedule for secondary treatment

and disinfection of effluents.

Operation of all facilities for disinfection of

effluents has continued since the installation. It is year-

round, with the exception of Bloom Township Sanitary District,

which had to shut down their interim or temporary installa-

tion during severe winter weather. However, their new and

permanent installation, which will soon go into operation,

will obviate this difficulty.

Lansing is the only Illinois community in the

Sanitary Water Board area that has a direct discharge to the

Little Calumet River. All other municipal and industrial

waste sources are on or tributary to Thorn Creek, a tributary

to the Little Calumet River.

Attached to the report which we have filed are

detailed summaries of the communities which give dates for

chlorination, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment,,

population design, and a number of other figures.

Two industries have significant discharge direct

to the watercourses tributary to Thorn Creek. The Certain
-------
516

Teed Products Company of Chicago Heights plans to install

a closed system to permit water reuse and eliminate the

discharge to the watercourse. Since this involves internal

plant changes and no treatment facilities, engineering plan

documents are not required. Completion and operation of

this closed system is expected on or before July 1967.

Following a series of conferences with Inter-

national Mineral and Chemical Corporation, a Sanitary Water

Board hearing was concluded September 21, 1966. The Beard

issued an Order on December 1, 1966, subsequently amended,

requiring the corporation to discontinue the discharge of

industrial waste on or before May 1, 196?, or to have adequate

facilities under construction and on that date and there-

after promptly completed .

The May date resulted from unavoidable delay in

equipment fabrication and delivery. The corporation reported

by letter March 2, 1967> that equipment was scheduled for

delivery during that week and they expected to meet the

schedule. These facilities will provide pretreatment prior

to discharge to the Sanitary District of Bloom Township

sewage treatment facilities.

Other area industries are tributary to the

Sanitary District of Bloom Township sewage treatment facili-

ties for disposal of domestic waste and most industrial
-------
517

wastes. Several in Justries do have pretreatment facilities

j'or inorganic and other industrial waste with discharge

intermittently or continuously to the city storm sewer

system. Included are large volumes of cooling water with

low concentrations of contaminants. A Sanitary Water Board

hearing concluded October 17, 1966, resulted in an Order

issued December 1, 1966, requiring the City of Chicago

Heights to discontinue, on or before June 1, 1968, the

discharge of industrial wastes by way of the atorm sewer

system and State Street Ditch tributary to Thorn Creek. The

Order further1 requires submission of an engineering study on

or before M?rch 1, 1967, and final engineering documents on

or before September 1, 1967» if they are going to provide

treatment or if the industries are going to connect to the

Sanitary District.

Quite frankly, this was a pressure move to get an

early decision of the industries, whether they would continue

to go to the storm sewer with treatment, or to the Chicago

Heights Sanitary District.

Industries have contacted the Sanitary District

of Bloom Township concerning pretreatment requirements and

discharge to the District treatment works. Industries are

in compliance with conferees' schedule.

Now, appended to this, Mr. Chairman, is, as I
-------
518

mentioned, a detailed summary of the municipalities and

industries, giving more details, and a detailed chart giving

some additional data as to figures, dates, and design

capacities, and so forth.

MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr. Klassen.

That chart will appear in the record, without

(The full prepared statement of Mr. Klassen is

PROGRESS REPORT TO CONFEREES

ILLINOIS-INDIANA INTERSTATE POLLUTION

LAKE MICHIGAN - CALUMET AREA

FOR AREA UNDER JURISDICTION

ILLINOIS SANITARY WATER BOARD

ILLINOIS-INDIANA INTERSTATE POLLUTION

LAKE MICHIGAN - CALUMET AREA

Progress Report to Conferees - March 15, 196?

The first session of the conference March 2-9>

1965, resulted in conclusions that significant degrees of
-------
519

pollution existed in the various interstate waters ano that

abatement procedures be instituted.

Each enforcement agency agreed to institute

immediate action to obtain secondary treatment of all sewage

plus adequate effluent disinfection within one year after

the issuance of the summary of the conference. The Conference

Report was accepted by the Secretary of Department of Health,

Education, and Welfare, April 14, 19^5, and the conference

summary became effective this date. Therefore, secondary

treatment and effluent disinfection was due April 15, 1966.

Each agency agreed to take immediate action, (a)

to insure that industries will institute housekeeping prac-

tices to minimize discharge of wastes from industrial sources,

(b ) insure optimum operation of treatment facilities, and

(c) to sample effluents in order to provide information about

A technical session of the conferees was held

January 4-5, 1966, to receive the report on water quality

criteria from the Technical Committee. This criteria report

was accepted in executive session January 30 and February 1,

1966. The conclusions were announced at a public meeting

February 2, 1966.

The maximum time schedules for control of waste

discharges of industry were announced February 2, 1966.
-------
520

The schedule for preliminary engineering plan documents by

December 1966, final engineering plan documents by June 1967,

construction completion and facility operation by December

1968, and included procedure for some variation from this

Summary Progress Report of Area Under Jurisdiction

of Illinois Sanitary Water Board.

All municipal sewage treatment works in the Calumet

area have secondary treatment works. Several communities now

have additional treatment facilities to provide polishing

of the plant effluent and partial treatment of storm flow

All municipalities have facilities for disinfection

of effluents. Three communities were several months late in

installing equipment, partly because of delays in delivery.

Several municipalities installed interim chlorination pending

completion of permanent facilities and of plant expansion.

Richton Park, population 1,050, has the equipment on hand

awaiting moderate weather for installation. All municipali-

ties are in compliance with the conferees' schedule for

secondary and disinfection of effluents.

Operation of all facilities for disinfection of

effluents has continued since installation, except Bloom
-------
C. W. Klassen

Township Sanitary District, which had to shut down interim

operation during severe winter weather.

Lansing is the only Illinois community having

direct discharge to Little Calumet River. All other municipal

and industry waste sources are on or tributary to Thorn

Creek, tributary to the Little Calumet River.

Summaries by community are appended.

Two industries have significant direct discharge

to watercourses tributary to Thorn Creek. The Certain

Teed Products Company, Chicago Heights, plans to install a

closed system to permit water reuse and eliminate discharge

to the watercourse. Since this involves internal plant

changes and no treatment facilities, engineering plan docu-

ments are not required. Completion and operation of the

close system is expected on or before July 196?.

Following a series of conferences with Inter-

national Mineral and Chemical Corporation, a Sanitary Water

Board hearing was concluded September 21, 1966. The Board

Issued an Order on December 1, 1966, subsequently amended,

requiring the corporation to discontinue the discharge of

industrial waste on or before May 1, 196?, or to have ade-

quate facilities under construction and on that date and

thereafter promptly completed.

The May date resulted from unavoidable delay in
-------
C. W. Klassen

equipment fabrication and delivery. The corporation reported

by letter March 2, 1967, that equipment was scheduled for

delivery during that week and they expected to meet the

schedule. These facilities will provide pretreatment prior

to discharge to the Sanitary District of Bloom Township

sewage treatment facilities.

Other area industries are tributary to the

Sanitary District of Bloom Township sewage treatment facili-

ties for disposal of domestic waste and most industrial

wastes. Several industries do have pretreatment facilities

for inorganic and other Industrial waste with discharge

intermittently or continuously to the city storm sewer system.

Included are large volumes of cooling water with low concentra-

tions of contaminants. A Sanitary Water Board hearing con-

cluded October 17, 1966, resulted in an Order issued December

1, 1966, requiring the City of Chicago Heights to discontinue,

on or before June 1, 1968, the discharge of industrial wastes

by way of the storm sewer system and State Street Ditch

tributary to Thorn Creek. The Order further requires sub-

mission of an engineering study on or before March 1, 196?,

and final engineering documents on or before September 1,

1967. Industries have contacted the Sanitary District of

Bloom Township concerning pretreatment requirements and

discharge to the District treatment works. Industries are
-------
523

in compliance with conferees' schedule.

/s/ Clarence W. Klassen

C. W. Klassen, Conferee

Illinois Sanitary Water Board
-------
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SANITARY WATES EOAHD
525
F59VH5T: HB04
-------
526

February 28, 1967

SUBJECT: CALUMET AREA-LAKE MICHIGAN

ILLINOIS-INDIANA

INTER-STATE POLLUTION

TO: Mr. C. W. Klassen, Technical Secretary

Attention D. B. Morton, Chief, Bureau of Stream

The following is a summary of the activity of

the communities and industries in the Calumet Area to comply

with the recommendations of the conferees of the 1965 enforce-

ment conference. This up-dates our April 5* 1966 memo.

All municipal sewage treatment works provide

secondary treatment. Several communities now have additional

facilities which provide polishing of the plant effluent and

partial treatment of bypass flows.

Summary by Community:
-------
527

SANITARY DISTRICT OF BLOOM TOWNSHIP: Temporary

Chlorination facilities installed and operational on August

10, 1966; chlorine was introduced to effluent channels of

final tank. System shut down on November 4, 1966, for winter

because of freezing problems, will be returned to service

when weather permits. Final plans for sewage treatment plant

expansion project submitted February 20, 1967. Project will

include permanent chlorination facilities with contact tanks

and pumping capacity to provide settling and disinfection for

2~g times design average flow (up to 30 mgd). Plant expansion

includes digesters, aeration tank, primary and final clari-

fier.. Tentative date for bid advertisement is March 30, 1967.

C RETE; Temporary chlorination in operation April

8, 1966; permanent chlorination and effluent polishing

facilities placed into operation September 1966. Village

has undertaken extensive sanitary sewer survey program and

has located and eliminated many cross-connections between

storm and sanitary sewers. All flow now receives at least

chlorination and partial treatment in the 2-day lagoon.

FLOSSMOOR: Temporary chlorination in operation

since March 31* 1966; permanent chlorination and ef^'lue^r.

polishing facilities placed into operation July
-------
528

Village has installed additional raw sewage pump and piping

to improve operation of plant. All flow now receives at

least chlorination and partial treatment in the 2-day lagoon.

CRETE GREENBRIAR SUBDIVISION: This plant has been

placed into operation and includes effluent chlorination and

polishing pond.

HOMEWOOD; Chlorination facilities have been in

operation since March 31* 1966. Village has retained consult-

ing engineers to prepare report on sewer and sewage treatment

facilities in preparation for project to eliminate bypass of

untreated waste and to up-grade current effluent.

LANSING: Chlorination facilities have been in

operation since September 17, 1966. Village Engineers pro-

ceeding with plans to install effluent pumps, chlorine con-

tact tank and polishing pond.

LINCOLNSHIRE COUNTRY CLUB: Interim chlorination

still in operation.

OLYMPIA FIELDS; Temporary chlorination equipment

has been in operation since March 31, 1966. Village investi-

gating plans to connect the Woods Subdivision and Graymoor

Subdivision sewage treatment plants to the Sanitary District

of Bloom Township during 1967. The Kedzie plant is scheduled

to be abaondoned in 1968 or 1969.
-------
529

RICHTON PARK: Chlorination facilities on site

but not yet connected. Existing facilities include lagoon,

designed on organic basis for polishing and treatment of by-

STEGER: Temporary chlorination facilities in

operation since April 6, 1966; permanent chlorination facili-

ties and effluent polishing pond placed into operation

October 1966. All bypass flows must pass thru lagoon and

Chlorine contact tank before discharging to Third Creek.

THORNTON: Chlorination facilities placed into

operation on April 7, 1966. Construction has not yet started

on the polishing pond which will include chlorine contact

WOOD HILL UTILITY COMPANY: Permanent chlorina-

tion facilities were installed with the original permit.

Construction has started on effluent polishing pond.

In summary, all municipal sewage treatment plants

have disinfection facilities.

INDUSTRIES WITH DIRECT DISCHARGE

A. International Mineral and Chemical Corporation

Sanitary Water Board Order, December 1, 1966,
-------
530

requires industry to abate pollution by May 1, 1967.

Pre-treatment equipment on order. Will pre-treat prior

to discharge to sanitary sewers tributary to the

Sanitary District of Bloom Township sewage treatment

B. Certain Teed Products

Proposes to install closed system to permit water

re-use, with completion on or before July 1967.

C. Chicago Heights State Street Ditch

Sanitary Water Board Order, December 1, 1966, re-

quires that discharge of industrial wastes to Third Creek

(State Street Ditch) be discontinued before June 1, 1968.

An engineering study of means to treat these waters is to be

submitted by March 1, 1967.

The November 29, 1966, letter from the City of

Chicago Heights to the industries discharging to the storm

sewer system suggests that the industries will be requested

by the City to pre-treat their wastes and then discharge to

the sanitary sewer system. Many industries have contacted

the Sanitary District of Bloom Township with regard to sewer
-------
531

use ordinances to determine pre-treatment requirements.

Prepared by /a/ Carl T. Blomgren

Carl T. Blomgren, Sanitary Engineer

Reviewed by /s/ Benn J. Leland

Engineer-in-Charge of Chicago Office)
MR. STEIN: Are there any comments or questions?

(No response. )

MR. STEIN: If not, I would like to thank Mr.

Klassen for his presentation.

We all have to deal with the problem that we have.

Perhaps in this area Mr. Klassen's isn't as formidable as

probably the other two jurisdictions, but it seems to me you

have done a very good job, and we seem to be on top of that

one. It was very well done indeed.

Are there any other comments?

MR. LEAHU: Mr. Stein, would you ask Mr. Klassen

if he has a report on the North Shore Sanitary District?

MR. KLASSEN: The North Shore Sanitary District

is not included in this area of the conferees.

MR. LEAHU: Thank you.
-------
532
C. W. Klassen
MR. KLASSEN: This area only goes up to the

Lake Cook County line.

MR'. STEIN: That is outside the jurisdiction.

MR. KLASSEN: It is outside the jurisdiction of

these conferees.

MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments or

MR. KLASSEN: I will be glad to talk to you after-

wards, though, if you want information on it.

MR. STEIN: If not, thank you very much, Mr.

We will call on the Metropolitan Sanitary District

of Greater Chicago, Mr. John Egan.

STATEMENT OF JOHN E. EGAN, CONFEREE AND

PRESIDENT, METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT

OF GREATER CHICAGO, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

MR. EGAN: Mr. Chairman, Conferees, Ladies and

The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater

Chicago can report substantial progress in water pollution

control, chlorination and surveillance.
-------
533

A summary of this will be given by the man in

charge of the works, our General Superintendent, Mr. Vinton

STATEMENT OP VINTON W. BACON, GENERAL

SUPERINTENDENT, THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY

DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO, CHICAGO,

MR. BACON: Mr. Chairman, Fellow Conferees,

Associates, and Ladies and Gentlemen:

This letter is dated March 15, 1967, from the

Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, under

the subject of "Follow-Up Water Pollution Control Conference

Calumet Region - South Lake Michigan."

The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater

Chicago can report substantial progress in water pollution

control, chlorination, and surveillance in the conference

area. A brief summary will be given with extensive back-up

data in ten attached exhibits.
-------
534

(Exhibits A, B & C)
Conference Finding 9 called for effluent disin-

With the installation of facilities for the

chlorination of storrnwater overflow at the 95th Street

Pumping Station, the Sanitary District took action to pre-

vent bacterial pollution of the Calumet River, Lake Michigan,

and the beaches in the vicinity. The facilities were con-

structed and placed on line within a ten-day period in July

of 1966, when it became apparent that the permanent chlorina-

tion facility could not be completed until after the swimming

season, and because high bacterial counts had been picked

up on occasion at the Calumet Beach. Effectiveness in

killing bacteria, as well as protecting the lake, waterways,

and beaches was demonstrated during the heavy July 26-27

rains: all three large storm pumps discharged into Howard

Slip. During 3~ir hours, 114 bacterial samples were taken at

the end of the Howard Slip just before discharge into the

Calumet River. Results varied from 100 to 6,700 coliform

bacteria per 100 milliliters, with an average well below the

limit of 5,000 coliform bacteria per 100 milliliters set by

the Federal Water Pollution Control Conference -- this con-

ference -- for safe swimming waters. The system at 95th
-------
535

Street is pictured and described in Exhibits A and B, which

is an official letter in the Sanitary District.

Effluent chlorination facilities for the Calumet

Sewage Treatment Plant (rated capacity 330 mgd), were placed

under contract September 29, 1966, at a contract value of

$1,844,000. Contract time is 365 days, with a completion date

of October 12, 196?. The facility will be fully instrumented

and automated, with intermediate chlorine residual measure-

ment feedback to better control the operation, to insure the

design bacteria kill. Chlorination will take place for

several months of the year, April through October. It is more

fully described in a letter to the Board, Exhibit C.

SURVEILLANCE (Exhibits D and E)

Conference Finding 14 states that surveillance

will be the responsibility primarily of Indiana, Illinois and

Surveillance in the Calumet area has Included ex-

tensive studies in the summer of 1965 in the Calumet River

only, and a sampling program at twelve locations on a once-

a-week basis, which was instituted in October of 1965. An

evaluation of the present water quality in the Calumet area

shown by this work is presented on Pages 39-60, Tables 18-40,
-------
536
V. W. Bacon

and Figures 3^-60, of Exhibit D, titled, "Water Quality

Conditions of the Major Waterways Within The Metropolitan

Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, 1965-1966." That is

this report. The data contained in this report give a

numerical basis from which water quality improvement can be

measured as abatement facilities are constructed and operated.

We would, Mr. Chairman, like to have these

exhibits made a part of the record, including this large one,

although a small portion of it does not pertain to the

Calumet River region.

MR. STEIN: This will appear in the record as if

Unless we can do better, though, Mr. Bacon, with

the pictures, we are going to have trouble reproducing them.

MR. BACON: We can furnish the originals.

MR. STEIN: Thank you.

MR. BACON: Helicopter flights for the inspection

of the District's waterways were begun on February 12, 1965.

Since that time, 32 such flights have been made over the

north and south sections of the District. Bad conditions are

relayed to the ground via radio, to cars in the vicinity of

the inspection. At times the helicopter has put down to report

directly to the discharger bad conditions. The dates of the

flights, together with a typical flight log sheet, are shown
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537

CONTROLLED FLOW AWAY FROM LAKE MICHIGAN (Exhibit F)

One of the means of protecting Lake Michigan

from the backflow of the Calumet River has been to set up a

continuous flow of diversion water away from the lake. This

is done by opening the sluice gates in the dam at the O'Brien

Lock, to predetermine settings, depending upon the water

levels above and below the lock.

MR. EGAN: Are you going to talk about the reverse

MR. BACON: Yes.

The water through the lockage also contributes to

the flow away from the lake. Telemetering of the water levels

to the Waterway Control Center in our downtown office allows

for continuing monitoring of the water levels, and for making

changes to effect a constant flow. The operations during

the year 1966 are more thoroughly portrayed in Exhibit P, in

which we relate the actual flow by month. This type of opera-

tion insures that undesirable wastes discharged to the waters

of the Calumet River are continuously moved downstream, away

from Lake Michigan, and through the District's canal system.
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538

INDUSTRY PROGRESS (Exhibits G and H)

The status of the water pollution abatement

effort on the sixteen Industries In the Calumet area Is

given in Exhibit G in considerable detail, by company and

by facility within the company. The status regarding the

time schedule for preliminary and final engineering plans is

shown in Exhibit H. Briefly summarized, eleven of the com-

panies completed their preliminary engineering plans on

schedule in December or before, 1966, while three of the

larger and more complicated operations have completed the

majority of the plans. It is doubtful if the large steel

companies will complete preliminary and final engineering

plans by June 30, 1967.

All industry in the Calumet area has been kept

under constant observation and/or surveillance by the Indus-

trial Waste Control Division. This consists of routine in-

spections and helicopter observations. In general, our ob-

servations have shown a marked improvement of the effluents

discharged to the waterways In this area.

All industries discharging to the waterways in

this area, regardless of volume of flow and/or type of wastes

created, must continuously submit routine effluent analyses,

on a monthly basis, to the Research and Control Department
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539

for review of representative analytical data. The form upon

which industry files monthly reports on flow and charac-

teristics of wastes is shown in Exhibit I.

WATER USE AND WATER QUALITY CRITERIA HEARINGS (Exhibit J)

The Calumet River, between its mouth at Lake

Michigan and O'Brien Lock, was not made a part of the Federal

Conference as far as water quality criteria are concerned.

Nor was it made a part of the water quality criteria hearings

of the State Sanitary Water Board, as the jurisdiction over

this body of water is in the Metropolitan Sanitary District.

Accordingly, the Calumet River is being included, along with

six other bodies of water, in the Water Use and Water Quality

Criteria Hearings being conducted by the Sanitary District.

The February 2, 1967, Resolution of the Board of Trustees

of the Sanitary District which set the hearing process and

dates, is included as Exhibit J. Along with the criteria

which must be set by June 30> 196?, will come a plan for the

implementation and enforcement of the criteria. This schedule

will dovetail with that set in the Federal Conference for

other waters in the area.

MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr. Bacon.
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(The following material was submitted by Mr. Vinton W.

CHLORINATION AT 95TH STREET

PREVENTS POLLUTION OF LAKE

From The Seventh Wonder, Chicago, Illinois, June-July 1966

Vol. Ill, No» VI. Official Voice of The Metropolitan Sanitary
District of Greater Chicago.

Chlorination facilities have been installed at 95th

Street Pumping Station — on an emergency basis — to pre-

vent bacterial pollution of the Calumet River, Lake Michi-

gan, and the beaches from the Station's storm water overflow.

On July 7, President Chesrow and General Superinten-

dent Bacon declared emergency conditions due to high bacterial

counts recorded occasionally at the Calumet Beach and because

a permanent Chlorination facility could not be completed at

95th Street until after the swimming season. Ten days later,

the necessary Chlorination facilities were on line. First

Chlorination occurred that night when one of three large

storm pumps by-passed to Howard Slip during a light rain.
i

Effectiveness in killing bacteria as well as protecting
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541
V. W. Bacon

the Lake, waterways, and beaches was demonstrated during

the heavy July 26-27 rains: all three large storm pumps

discharged into Howard Slip. During 3 1/2 hours, 114

bacterial samples were taken at the end of the Slip just

before discharge into the Calumet River. Results varied

from 100 to 6,700 coliform bacteria per 100 milliliters,

with an average well below the limit of 5,000 coliform

bacteria per 100 milliliters set by the Federal Water Pollu-

tion Control Conference for safe swimming \vaters.
Costs
Pollution prevention is expensive. During the

July 26-27 storm, 20,000 gallons of sodium hypochlorite was

used for disinfection at a cost of approximately $4,000, The

major components of the chlorination facilities constructed

cost more than $14,000, (Although sodium hypochlorite is

more expensive than liquid chlorine, it is used because it

is safer and easier to handle,)

Reporting to the Board of Trustees on the installa-

tion, Trustee Earl A, Deutsch said,

"Although the chlorination facilities were

built on an emergency basis, they are sub;?; *«t ^ »

and they will do the job in protecting trie beaches.
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542
V. W, Bacon

The three departments (Engineering for designs,

Purchasing for equipment, and Maintenance &

Operation for construction) are to be highly

complimented for accomplishing such a feat

within the alloted 10 days."
EXHIBIT "B"

THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO

To the Honorable, the President, and

Members of the Board of Trustees of

The Metropolitan Sanitary District of

Greater Chicago

CHLORINATION AT 95 TH STREET PUMPING

STATION OF STORMWATER OVERFLOW

Chlorination of stormwater overflow has been

provided at the 95th Street Pumping Station, Thus

the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago has

taken action to prevent bacterial pollution of the Calumet

River, Lake Michigan and the beaches from this pumping
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543
V, W. Bacon

station, Also this action by the District is in compliance

with the findings of the recent Federal Water Pollution

Control Conference.

When it became apparent that the permanent chlorina-

tion facility could not be completed until after the swimming

season, and because high bacterial counts had been picked

up on occasion at the Calumet Beach, President Frank W.

Chesrow and General Superintendent Vinton W, Bacon declared

an emergency on July 18, 1966, They ordered construction

of temporary chlorination facilities within 10 days. Al-

though it took herculian efforts on the part of the Engineer-

ing Department for designs, Purchasing for Equipment, and

the Maintenance and Operation Department for the construction,

the facilities were on line on July 18, 1966,, First

chlorination occurred that night when one of the three large

storm pumps by-passed to Howard Slip during a light rain.

The effectiveness in killing bacteria and in protect-

ing the Lake, Waterways, and Beaches was demonstrated during

the heavy rains of Tuesday night and Wednesday morning

(July 26-27) of this week, (Storm overflow is from the pumps,

to Howard Slip, to the Calumet River, and to the lake under

some heavy storms*) All three large storm pumps discharged

into Howard Slip. Over a 3 1/2 hour period, some 114

bacterial samples were taken at the end of the Slip just
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544
V. W. Bacon

before discharge into the Calumet River. Results varied

from 100 to t>,70U coliform bacteria per 100 milliters,

with an average well below the limit of 5,000 coliform

organisms per 100 milliters set by the Federal Conference

for safe swimming waters. As more experience is gained and

as the system is better tuned, even better results can be

anticipated. The Coast Guard at Calumet cooperated by

furnishing their 40 foot boat and crew for the water sampling.

But the protection isn't going to be cheap. During

the storm of this week, 20,000 gallons of sodium hypochlorite

was used for disinfection, costing approximately $4,000,

The chlorination system consists of two 20,000 gallon

tanks for sodium hypochlorite storage. (Sodium Hypochlorite

is used rather than liquid chlorine because it is safe and

easier to handle, altho more costly.) Plastic piping carries

the chlorine solution into the pumping station where it is

injected into the pipe line to Howard Slip. The major com-

ponents of the system, with costs, are:

Feed and metering equipment $2,190

Purchase of one tank and delivery

both purchased and borrowed tank

and required saddles 4,705

Fiberglass lining installed in purchased

tank 2,790
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V. W, Bacon

Plastic pipe and appurtenances 3,200

Steel and cast iron pipe, fittings,

valves, hose 645

Timber and ballast for tank bases 514

Approximate total under Purchase Orders

(Does not include all shipping charges

or special handling) $14,044

Other recent changes in methods of operation in the

Calumet area afford additional protection of the Lake and

Beaches against pollution. A steady flow of approximately

275 feet per second of lake water is maintained thru the

new O'Brien Lock and Sluice Gates. This means that under

all but rare circumstances that flow is away from the lake

and thru the Districts canal system.

Alto the chlorination facilities were built on an

emergency basis, they are substantial and they will do the

job in protecting the beaches. The three departments (Engineer-

ing, Purchasing, and Maintenance and Operation) are to be

highly complimented for accomplishing such a feat within

the alloted 10 days.

Sincerely yours,

/s/ Earl A. Deutsch

Hon. Earl A, Deutsch, Trustee
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V. W« Bacon

THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO

September 22, 1966

To the Honorable, the President and

Members of the Board of Trustees of

The Metropolitan Sanitary District of

Greater Chicago

Subject : Award of Contract 65-41 (CLT-P)

"Effluent Chlorination Facilities -

Calumet Sewage Treatment Works".

Contractor: Consolidated Construction Co., Inc.

On August 30, 1966, four (4) bids were received and

opened publicly by the Purchasing Agent covering Contract

65-41 (CLT-P) "Effluent Chlorination Facilities, Calumet

Sewage Treatment Works". A tabulation of the bids is

The contract consists of furnishing materials for

and constructing facilities for effluent Chlorination. A

contact basin, 250 feet long, 250 feet wide and 17 feet deep,

consisting of two mixing chambers and four contact chambers,

influent and effluent conduits and connections to existing

conduits; a Chlorination control building, 38 feet by 23 feet
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547
V. W* Bacon

in plan, with superstructure, chlorination equipment, instru-

mentation and controls and two hypochlorite tanks, 20 feet

long, 10 feet wide, 12 feet deep; pipe lines and miscellaneous

structures as well as modifications to various existing

structures and appurtenances.

Under this contract facilities for the disinfection

of the plant effluent will be provided for in accordance

with the parameters set forth at the Federal Conference on

Water Pollution Control, April 29, 1965.

The bids received, in order of magnitude, are as

(The Engineers' Estimate is $1,868,370.00)

1. Consolidated Construction Co., Inc. $1,844,000.00

2. E. J. Albrecht Co. 1,981,000,00

3* J. M, Corbett Cof 2,045,000.00

4. Herlihy Mid-Continent 2,054,500.00

As indicated above, the bid of Consolidated Construc-

tion Co., Inc. is the lowest, being 1*3% below the Engineer's

Estimate and is reasonably balanced.

The low bidder, Consolidated Construction Co., Inc.

is an established contractor in the Chicago area and has

previously performed satisfactory work for the Metropolitan

Sanitary District of Greater Chicago,

The data and executed affidavit submitted by the
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548
V. W. Bacon

lowest bidder, as specified in the proposal, have been

verified and approved. No permits or right-of-way documents

The contract specifies 365 calendar days to complete

the work with liquidated damages of $200.00 per day; also

that the contractor shall perform not less than 60% of

the monetary value of the contract with his own personnel and

The plans and specifications have been approved by

Project Control and no extra work is anticipated.

In view of the above, it Is recommended that Contract

65-41 (CLT-P) "Effluent Chlorination Facilities at the

Calumet Sewage Treatment Works" be awarded to the lowest

responsible bidder, Consolidated Construction Co,, Inc. at

its lump sum prices totaling $1,844,000.00, subject to the

contractor furnishing a bond in a form satisfactory to the

Law Department and approved by the Purchasing Agent.

If further clarification is required, please advise

the undersigned.

Funds are appropriated to pay the cost of executing

this contract from Budget Account No. 24-554-227-59-565,

Construction Fund,

Recommended by: Approved:

/a/ C. T, Mickle /s/ F» J» Casey

Chief Engineer Purchasing Agent
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549
V. W. Bacon

* * *
EXHIBIT "D"

WATER QUALITY CONDITIONS

MAJOR WATERWAYS

THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT

OF GREATER CHICAGO

Dr. David T. Lordi, Research Chemist III

Research Paper Series No, 18

Department of Research and Control

The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago
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550
V. W, Bacon J
SUMMARV

Stephen Megregian, Director of Research

The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater

Chicago has carried out a comprehensive water quality inves-

tigation of the waterways under its jurisdiction and has

reported the results obtained during 1965 and 1966 for the

following physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters:

Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Hydrogen Ion Concentration

(pH) , Total Alkalinity, Specific Conductance, Chloride,

Sulfate, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen

Demand (COD), Turbidity, Organic Nitrogen, Ammonia Nitrogen,

Nitrite plus Nitrate Nitrogen, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium,

Sodium, Heavy Metals (Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Chromium,

Nickel, Cadmium, Lead), Phenols, Suspended Solids, Dissolved

Solids, Hexane Solubles, Phosphate, Total Coliforms, Fecal

Col if or ros, and Fecal Streptococci.

The report presents these data, where applicable,

as annual and seasonal summaries, including maxima, minima,

and mean values or medians, The frequency distribution of

Dissolved Oxygen levels is also presented at certain
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V. W. Bacon

critical locations, including three locations where con-

tinuous monitoring or more frequent sampling was employed.

The water quality conditions found in these water-

ways are summarized in subsequent paragraphs.

North Shore Channel and North Branch, Chicago River

Temperature: Incoming lake water temperature rose

rapidly as the water moved southward, receiving the warmer

discharges from the North Side Sewage Treatment Works and

other cooling water discharges. The rise in temperature

averaged about 6° C, in the range 9.5° to 28.0°, during the

months of May through October,

Dissolved Oxygen: Rapid depletion of DO occurred.

Incoming waters containing over 10 mg/1 were reduced to zero

at several locations. A frequency analysis at the Cortland

Avenue station (mile point 37,53) showed 95 percent of the

2l observations in July to September 1965 to be below 3.0

mg/1, 57 percent below 2,0 mg/1, and 29 percent below

1.0 mg/1. Nineteen percent were zero.

Hydrogen Ion Concentrations were found to be in

the neutral range of 8.7 to 6.9 pH units; Total Alkalinity

ranged from 96 to 200 mg/1, as Calcium Carbonate; Specific

Conductance ranged from 220 to 650 micromho; and, Turbidity,
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552
V. W. Bacon

from five to 45 Jackson units.

BOD: The BOD of the entering lake water was found

to be about two mg/1. Inputs from various discharges,

including the North Side Treatment Works, resulted in levels

reaching an average of nine mg/1 in 1965. A maximum of

50 mg/1 was found.

COD: The COD levels showed changes similar to

that found for BOD, ranging from an average of 14 mg/1 at

the lake to a high average of 59 mg/1, A maximum of 120

mg/1 was recorded.

Ammonia, Organic and Nitrite plus Nitrate Nitrogen:

Ammonia Nitrogen levels increased snarply from less than

0.5 mg/1 at the lake to an average of over 6.5 mg/1; Organic

Nitrogen from 0.4 to 3.5 mg/1 and Nitrite plus Nitrate

Nitrogen from about 0.25 to about 2.7 mg/1.

Metals : Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, and Sodium

ranged as follows: Ca - 35 to 57; Mg - 10 to 22; K - 1.2 to

7.7; and Na - 3.3 to 46. Of the Heavy Metals analyzed, only

Manganese, Copper, and Zinc were found at levels above the

detectable limit of the analyses. Manganese was found in

the range of 0.02 to 0.09 mg/1. Copper in the range 0.03

to 0.7 mg/1, and Zinc from 0.01 to 0.12 mg/1. Chromium

(0.02 mg/1), Nickel (0.03 mg/1), Cadmium (0.01 mg/1), and

Lead (O.lO mg/1) were not found at these test detection limits.
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553
V. W. Bacon

Total Coliforms, Fecal Conforms, and Fecal Strept-
ococci: Geometric mean densities reached as high as 919,000
per 100 ml and individual test results were as high as 7.4

million per 100 ml. In the first two miles of waterway below

the lake, geometric means were below 1,000. At the Dempster

station counts rose sharply and remained high at all sub-

sequent downstream stations.

Fecal Coliform and Fecal Streptococci exhibited

similar patterns, ranging from a low of less than ten to over
1.1 million for fecal coliforms and from less than ten to
70 thousand for the fecal streptococci.

South Branch and Sanitary and Ship Canal

Temperature: Although the temperature of the canal

waters drops upon mixing with incoming lake water of the
Chicago River, further extensive uses for cooling and the
influx of effluent at the West-Southwest Sewage Treatment

Works raises the canal temperatures to high levels. A

maximum of 37° C was observed at one station, with several

other stations having maximum of 36 and 35 C.
Dissolved Oxygen: Nearly all stations in this

reach of the canal, some 32 miles of stream, registered
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55^
V. W. Bacon

levels of less than one mg/1. Frequency distributions at

Lawndale (mile point 21.98) show 95 percent of the tests

during July-September below three mg/1, 80 percent below

two mg/1, 40 percent below one mg/1, and 15 percent zero

mg/1. Similar data at Willow Springs (mile point 16.84) for

the period June through September 1966 show 84 percent

below three mg/1, 56 percent below two mg/1, 52 percent

below one mg/1, and four percent at zero.

Hydrogen Ion Concentrations were found to be in the

neutral range of 8.0 to 6.9 pH units; Total Alkalinity ranged

from 100 to 200 mg/1, as Calcium Carbonate; Specific Con-

ductance ranged from 230 to 900 micromho; and Turbidity from

3 to 34 Jackson units.

BOD: The observed range in this section of the

waterway was from a low of one mg/1 to a high of 17 mg/1.

COD: The observed range was a low of 8 mg/1 and a

high of 104 mg/1, with many of the stations having maxima

Ammonia, Organic, and Nitrite plus Nitrate Nitrogen:

The ammonia nitrogen levels remain high in this portion of

the waterways system. The Stickney effluent contributes a

large input, doubling the average level at this point.

Maxima at various stations range between 4.4 and 12.l with

many values above 8.0 mg/1.
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555
V. W. Bacon

Organic Nitrogen levels also remain at high levels,

as expected, with average concentrations in the general

level of 2.0 to 5.0 mg/1.

Nitrite plus Nitrate Nitrogens remain at the

general level of about 1.0 mg/1.

Metals: Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, and Sodium

ranged as follows: Ca -32 to 72; Mg - 12 to 25; K - 2.9

to 9.3; and Na 16 to 73. Of the Heavy Metals analyzed,

only Manganese, Copper, and Zinc were found at levels above

the detectable limit of the analyses. Manganese was found

in the range 0.02 to 1.70 mg/1; Copper from 0.03 to 0.18

mg/1, and Zinc O.Ol to 0.32 mg/1.

Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, and Fecal Strept-

ococci: The mean Total Coliform densities at all stations

in this portion of the waterway was above 5,000 per 100 ml

and as high as 429,000. Counts as high as 5.7 million were

Fecal Coliform level ranged from a minimum of 10

to a maximum of 1.4 million, with the geometric mean above

1,000 per 100 ml at all stations.

Fecal Streptococcus densities followed a similar

pattern. Counts ranging between less than 10 to 120,000

per 100 ml and the geometric mean values from 82 to

13,580 per 100 ml.
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556

Calumet River, Little Calumet River, and Cal-Sag Channel

o o
Temperature: Range 0.0 to 35.0 C in the period

of one calendar year. Seasonal mean ranges: Winter 5.0°

to 10.0°; Spring-Fall 11.0 to 17.0°; Summer 20.0 to 28.0°

for the various stations.

Dissolved Oxygen: Range 0.0 to 12.2 in the period

of one calendar year. Seasonal ranges were: Winter 2.6 to

12.2; Spring-Fall 1.0 to 8.9; and Summer 0.0 to 7.0.

Nearly all the high DO results were at the station nearest

the lake, and the low results near the location of the

Calumet Sewage Treatment Works discharge.

BOD: Range less than 1.0 to 18 mg/1, with the higher

levels near the location of the Calumet Sewage Treatment

Works discharge.

COD: Range 4.0 to 80 mg/1, with the higher levels

near the location of the Calumet Sewage Treatment Works dis-

Ammonia, Organic and Nitrite plus Nitrate Nitrogen:

Ammonia Nitrogen, range less than 0.1 to 14.0 mg/1. Again

the Calumet Sewage Treatment Works discharge is the major

source of this substance; however, a substantial amount enters

the stream in the immediate vicinity below Ewing Avenue.

Organic Nitrogen, range less than 0.1 to 13.0 mg/1.
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557
V. W. Bacon

Nitrite plus Nitrate Nitrogen, range 0.1 to 14.2

Hydrogen Ion Concentration: pH range 6.3 to 8.7.

The low pH values, 6.3 to 7.0, were found at all stations

except 106th Street. The influence of the steel mill

effluents is evident in this area of the waterways. Total

Alkalinity ranged 43 to 345 mg/1, as Calcium Carbonate.

Specific Conductance from 200 to 1,000 micromho; Chloride

from 5 to 251 mg/1, and the Sulfate from 10 to 323 mg/1.

Except for alkalinity, the concentrations of these ionic

substances increased as the water moved away from the lake.

Phenols: Although the discharge of phenolic sub-

stances can occur throughout the whole year, the highest con-

centrations in the waterway are likely to occur in winter.

This is due to low water temperatures, retarding the biologi-

cal destruction of these substances. The winter time levels

found ranged from less than one microgram per liter to 146

micrograms per liter. However, the highest recorded was 172,

which occurred during the summer.

Hexane Solubles : These substances indicate the

presence of oil, grease, and similar fatty materials or

petroleum products. Concentrations found ranged from one

mg/1 to 481 mg/1. The annual averages ranged from 34 to 52

mg/1 for the stations in this section of the waterway.
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558
V. W. Bacon

Total Phosphate : Concentrations ranged from less

than O.Ol mg/1 to 8.50 mg/1, with the higher levels occur-

ring near the Calumet Sewage Treatment Works outfall, as

Metals: Calcium ranged between 31 and I2i mg/1;

Magnesium between 9.4 and 42 mg/1; Potassium 1.4 to 19.4

mg/1; and Sodium 4.8 to 164 mg/1. The low values occurred

at stations near the lake. The high values near the outfall

of the Calumet Sewage Treatment Works. Of the heavy metals

analyzer, only Manganese, Copper, and Zinc were found at

levels above the detectable limits of the analyses.

Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, and Fecal Strept-

ococci: The highest counts of Total Coliforms occurred

in the vicinity of the Calumet Sewage Treatment Works out-

fall, where geometric means of 355,000 occurred in the

summer. Counts here ranged between 20,000 and 11 million.

In the reach between the lake and 130th Street the geometric

mean values were below 2,000 per 100 ml and ranged between

10 and 77,000. Fecal Coliform counts followed a similar

pattern. Counts as high as 900,000 per 100 ml were re-

corded near the Calumet Sewage Treatment Works. The Fecal

Streptococcus counts reached a high of 110,000, also in

the vicinity of the Calumet outfall.

A few samples obtained on the Cal-Sag between the
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559
V. W. Bacon

Calumet Sewage Treatment Works and Sag Junction showed high

counts of Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, and Fecal Strept-

ococci comparable to the levels found near the Calumet out-

fall, but with some reduction in count in the downstream

Lockport and Lemont, Sanitary and Ship Canal

Temperatures: Monthly averages range between 6°

and 28° C at Lemont and 10° to 30° at Lockport.

Dissolved Oxygen: The worst month of record,

July 1966, showed 100 percent of the Lemont samples at or

below 0.5 mg/1. June 1966 was 73 percent and September

1965 71 percent. At Lockport, the July 1966 record was 94

percent at or below 0.5 mg/1; with September 1965 at 76 per-

cent, and June 1966 at 60 percent.

Hydrogen Ion Concentration ranged between 7.1 and

7.8 pH units. Total Alkalinity was between 140 and 225 at

Lemont and between 120 and 190 at Lockport. The Specific

Conductance range was 555 to 1,165 micromho. Total Dis-

solved Solids ranged between 380 and 780 mg/1. Turbidity

averages were between 25 and 60 Jackson units, and the Sus-

pended Solids varied between 14 and 80 mg/1. Chlorides

fluctuated between 48 and 102. All of the above values
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V. W. Bacon 5

represent the range of the monthly averages in the two year

period of record.

BOD and COD: At Lemont, the monthly average BOD

values ranged between 4.0 and 9.4 mg/1, and the COD range

was 26 to 59 mg/1. The BOD average at Lockport were

between 4.6 and 14.6 mg/1 with the COD between 28 and 51

mg/1. The higher BOD values at Lockport were unexpected,

especially since the COD levels between Lemont and Lockport

do not change appreciably. One possible explanation for

this discrepancy is the possibility that Lockport sam-

ples are in the active stages of nitrification.

Ammonia and Organic Nitrogen : The monthly average

ammonia levels ranged between 3.3 and 6.3 mg/1, and the

Organic Nitrogen between 1.6 and 3.5 mg/1, with no apparent

difference between the Lockport and Lemont stations.

Flow: The range of monthly mean discharges at

Lockport was 2,200 to 4,200 cfs for the two year period of

The DesPlaines River at Lemont Road Bridge

o
Temperature range was zero to 28 C. Dissolved

Oxygen frequency distribution showed the worst month of

record July 1966 with only 10 percent of all results below
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V. W. Bacon 561

3,0 mg/1. August 1965 was 9 percent. None of the samples

taken in this two year period were below 2.0 mg/1. pH fluctu-

ated between 7,6 and 8.7; Total Alkalinity between 160

and 280; Specific Conductance 620 to 1,169 micromho;

Dissolved Solids 360 to 890 mg/1; Chloride 53 to 130 mg/1;

Turbidity 30 to 142 Jackson units; Suspended Solids 30 to

145 mg/1; BOD 3.4 to 10.8 mg/1; COD 30 to 54 mg/1; Ammonia

Nitrogen 0.3 to 1.5 mg/1; and Organic Nitrogen 1.2 to

3.0 mg/1. Average Flow ranged from a low of 30 to a high of

It should be noted that the high COD, BOD, Sus-

pended Solids, and Turbidities all occurred during the sum-

mer period, suggesting that the BOD and COD is due to algae

growth rather than organic waste discharges. This obser-

vation further suggests that the DO values might reach lower

levels than those recorded, during night time respiration of

1. The high temperatures (over 30° C) found in

some parts of the canal system decrease the natural self-

purification function of these waters by reducing oxygen

solubility and increasing the rate of oxygen consumption.
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562
V. W. Bacon

2. Extremely low oxygen levels occur throughout the

canal system, reaching zero throughout a large portion of the

main channel. Fish and desirable wildlife cannot exist under

these water quality conditions.

3. The mineral constituents (alkalinity, total

dissolved solids, chloride, calcium, sodium, etc.) increase

considerably above the levels present in the dilution water

from the lake, exceeding the 5.00 mg/1 dissolved solids

limits of the Public Health Service drinking water stand-

4. The Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) of these

waters is within the natural safe limits for most water

uses, except for the Calumet portion where the low pH levels

can result in progressive corrosion to navigation equipment,

concrete, and other structures within the waterway.

5. The Ammonia and Organic Nitrogen found through-

out the canal system are at levels that can result in a

very large oxygen demand due to oxidation to nitrate by

nitrifying bacteria. This oxidation can cause a serious

oxygen depletion in the adjacent receiving waters iu the

future as well as the downstream waters. The nitrates

resulting from this oxidation will be available as a nutrient

for the prolific development of algae blooms.

6. The concentrations found of certain metal ions
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563
V. W, Bacon

indicate that these waters may become toxic to fish and

7. The extremely high concentrations of fecal

bacteria found throughout the canal system indicate that a

serious health hazard exists for those coming in contact

with these waters.

8. The high level of hexane soluble materials

found in the Calumet portion of the waterway is directly

related to the presence of oil slicks and slimy coatings on

navigation equipment, bridges, and pilings, causing the

waters to be unsightly and aesthetically displeasing.

9. The phenolic substance concentrations found in

the Calumet portion of the waterway are sufficient to induce

taste and odor problems for a municipal water supply.

10, The information collected by this study can be

used as a base for the assessment of progress in the abate-

ment of pollution and the control of water quality of these

11. The information collected is the baseline

from which further additional studies must be undertaken to

develop specific criteria for all dischargers, so that the

resultant water quality is maintained at the desired level

corresponding to the adopted water uses.
GPO 924-!13
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