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SECTION IX
1
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
This section defines the effluent characteristics attainable
through the application of best practicable control technology
currently available (BPT), Section 301(b)(1)(A). BPT reflects
the average of the best existing performance by plants of various
sizes, ages, and manufacturing processes within the nonferrous
metals forming category.
The factors considered in identifying BPT include the total cost
of applying the technology in relation to the effluent reduction
benefits from such application, the age of equipment and facili-
ties involved, the manufacturing processes employed, nonwater
quality environmental impacts (including energy requirements),
and other factors the Administrator considers appropriate. In
general, the BPT level represents the average of the best exist-
ing performances of plants of various ages, sizes, processes, or
other common characteristics. Where existing performance is
uniformly inadequate, BPT may be transferred from a different
subcategory or category. Limitations based on transfer of
technology are supported by a rationale concluding that the
technology is, indeed, transferable, and a reasonable prediction
that it will be capable of achieving the prescribed effluent
limits. See Tanner's Council of America v. Train, 540 F.2d 1188
(4th Cir. 1976). BPT focuses on end-of-pipe treatment rather
than process changes or internal controls, except where such
practices are common industry practice.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BPT
The Agency studied the nonferrous metals forming category to
identify the manufacturing processes used and wastewaters gener-
ated during nonferrous metals forming. Information was collected
from industry using data collection portfolios, and wastewaters
from specific plants were sampled and analyzed. The Agency used
these data to subcategorize the category and determine what
constitutes an appropriate BPT. The factors which were con-
sidered in establishing subcategories are discussed fully in
Section IV. Nonwater quality impacts and energy requirements are
considered in Section VIII.
The category has been subcategorized, for the purpose of regula-
tion, on the basis of metal type formed. Each subcategory is
further divided into specific wastewater sources associated with
specific manufacturing operations. The regulation establishes
pollutant discharge limitations for each source of process
wastewater identified within the subcategory. This approach to
regulation is referred to as the building block approach with
each waste stream being a building block. Compliance with the
regulation is determined on an overall plant basis rather than
for individual building blocks. The building block approach is
1553
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especially useful for this category since many nonferrous metals
forming plants generate wastewater from more than one operation.
In addition, a few plants generate wastewater from forming more
than one metal type, i.e., from operations associated with more
than one subcategory. Since the regulation uses the building
block approach, permit writers can develop permits which are
specific to each individual plant and which reflect the types of
metals formed and wastewater sources present at the plant.
In making technical assessments of data, reviewing manufacturing
processes, and evaluating wastewater treatment technology
options, both indirect and direct dischargers have been con-
sidered as a single group. An examination of plants and pro-
cesses did not indicate any process differences based on the type
of discharge, whether it be direct or indirect. Consequently,
the calculation of BPT regulatory flows included production
normalized flows from both direct and indirect dischargers.
Oil and grease, suspended solids, priority and nonconventional
metals, and other nonconventional pollutants are present in
significant concentrations in wastewater produced by forming
operations (rolling, drawing, extruding, forging, cladding, tube
reducing, metal powder production and powder metallurgy) and by
operations associated with metal forming (casting, heat treat-
ment, surface treatment, alkaline cleaning, solvent degreasing,
sawing, grinding, tumbling, burnishing, and product testing).
Although the specific priority and nonconventional metals present
will vary from subcategory to subcategory, the Agency believes
that one treatment technology with preliminary treatment, where
necessary, is an appropriate basis for BPT effluent limitations
for all subcategories. Wastewater treatment performance data
show that the treatment scheme detailed below will remove all
pollutants present in significant concentrations to an acceptable
level.
BPT for the nonferrous metals forming category is based on common
treatment of combined wastewater streams. For the most part,
nonferrous metals forming plants with existing treatment-in-place
combine waste streams in a common treatment system. The general
treatment scheme for BPT is to apply oil skimming technology to
remove oil and grease, followed or combined with lime and settle
technology to remove metals and solids from the combined waste-
waters. Separate preliminary treatment steps for chromium
reduction, emulsion breaking, cyanide removal, and ammonia
removal are utilized when necessary. Iron coprecipitation is
added to the treatment train when necessary to remove the non-
conventional pollutant molybdenum. The BPT treatment effective-
ness concentrations are based on the performance of these prelim-
inary treatment steps (when necessary) and chemical precipitation
and sedimentation (lime and settle) when applied to a broad range
of metal-bearing wastewater. The BPT treatment train varies
somewhat between subcategories to take into account treatment of
hexavalent chromium, emulsified oils, cyanide, ammonia, and
molybdenum. Tables IX-1 through IX-10 summarize for each subcat-
egory the waste streams which may need preliminary treatment
1554
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prior to combined wastewater treatment. The basis for perfor-
mance of these treatment technologies is set forth in substantial
detail in Section VII.
For each of the subcategories, a specific approach was followed
for the development of BPT mass limitations. To account for
production and flow variability from plant to plant, a unit of
production or production normalizing parameter (PNP) was deter-
mined for each operation which could then be related to the flow
from the operation to determine a production normalized flow. As
discussed in Section IV, the PNP for the nonferrous metals
forming category is off-metric ton (the metric tons of metal
removed from a forming operation or associated operation at the
end of a process cycle), with one exception. Laundry washwater
in the uranium forming subcategory is normalized to employee-day.
Each subcategory was analyzed to determine: (1) which operations
included generated wastewater, (2) specific flow rates generated,
and (3) specific production normalized flows for each operation.
The normalized flows were then analyzed to determine which flow
was to be used as the basis for BPT mass limitations for that
operation. The selected flow (referred to as the BPT regulatory
flow), reflects the water use controls which are common practices
within the industry. The overall effectiveness of end-of-pipe
treatment for the removal of wastewater pollutants is improved by
the application of water flow controls within the process to
limit the volume of wastewater requiring treatment. However, the
controls or in-process technologies recommended under BPT include
only those measures which are commonly practiced within the
category or subcategory. Except for recycle of lubricating
emulsions, most plants in this category do not have flow
reduction in place. Therefore, flow reduction is not generally
included as part of the BPT technology.
In general, the BPT regulatory flows are based on the average of
all applicable data. However, for some waste streams with a
large range of production normalized flows the median was used as
the basis for the BPT regulatory flow. The Agency believes the
median is more representative of the current typical water use
for these waste streams than the average. Plants with existing
flows above the average or median may have to implement some
method of flow reduction to achieve the BPT limitations. In most
cases, this will involve improving house-keeping practices,
better maintenance to limit water leakage, or reducing excess
flow by turning down a flow valve. It is not believed that these
modifications will generate any significant costs for the plants.
In fact, these plants should save money by reducing water
consumption.
Pollutant discharge limitations for this category are expressed
as mass loadings, i.e., allowable mass of pollutant discharge per
off-kilogram of production (mg/off-kg). Mass loadings were
calculated for each operation (building block) within each
subcategory. The mass loadings were calculated by multiplying
the BPT regulatory flow (1/off-kkg) for the operation by the
1555
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effluent concentration achievable by the BPT treatment technology
(mg/1). Table VII-11 presents the effluent concentrations
achievable by the BPT model treatment train for the pollutants
regulated in each subcategory. These concentrations are based on
the performance of chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime
and settle) when applied to a broad range of metal-bearing waste-
waters, with preliminary treatment, when necessary. The deriva-
tion of these achievable effluent concentrations is discussed in
substantial detail in Section VII.
In deriving mass limitations from the BPT model treatment tech-
nology, the Agency assumed that all wastewaters generated within
a subcategory were combined for treatment in a single or common
treatment system for that subcategory, even though flow and
sometimes pollutant characteristics of process wastewater streams
vary within the subcategory. A disadvantage of common treatment
is that some loss in pollutant removal effectiveness will result
where waste streams containing specific pollutants at treatable
levels are combined with other streams in which these same
pollutants are absent or present at very low concentrations.
Under these circumstances a plant may prefer to segregate these
waste streams and bypass treatment. Since treatment systems
considered under BPT are primarily for metals, oil and grease,
and suspended solids removal, and many existing plants usually
had one common treatment system in place for these pollutants, it
is reasonable to assume a common treatment system for each
subcategory to calculate the system's cost and effectiveness.
Regulated Pollutant Parameters
In Section VI, priority pollutant parameters are selected for
consideration for regulation in the nonferrous metals forming
subcategories because of their frequent presence at treatable
concentrations in raw wastewaters. The selected pollutant
parameters include total suspended solids, oil and grease, and pH
which are regulated in every subcategory. Priority metals are
also regulated in every subcategory, though the specific metals
regulated vary. Nonconventional pollutants selected for
regulation also vary with different subcategories.
Nonconventional pollutants regulated in one or more subcategories
include ammonia, fluoride, and molybdenum. The basis for
regulating total suspended solids, oil and grease, and pH is
discussed below. Selection of priority and nonconventional
pollutants for regulation will be included in the individual
subcategory discussions presented later in this section since
regulated priority metal and nonconventional pollutants vary with
the different subcategories.
Total suspended solids, in addition to being present at high
concentrations in raw wastewater from nonferrous metals forming
operations, is an important control parameter for metals removal
in chemical precipitation and settling treatment systems. Metals
are precipitated as insoluble metal hydroxides, and effective
solids removal is required in order to ensure reduced levels of
regulated metals in the treatmei. t sys'.em effluent. Therefore,
1556
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total suspended solids are regulated as a conventional pollutant
to be removed from the wastewater prior to discharge.
Oil and grease is regulated under BPT since a number of nonfer-
rous metals forming operations (i.e., rolling, sawing, grinding,
drawing, extrusion) generate emulsified wastewater streams which
may be discharged. In addition, the equipment used to form
nonferrous metals use significant quantities of oil as machinery
lubricant or hydraulic fluid, these oils frequently get into the
process wastewater as tramp oils.
The importance of pH control is documented in Section VII and its
importance in metals removal technology cannot be overemphasized.
Even small excursions from the optimum pH level can result in
less than optimum functioning of the treatment system and inabil-
ity to achieve specified results. The optimum operating level
for removal of most metals is usually pH 8.8 to 9.3. However,
nickel, cadmium, and silver require higher pH for optimal
removal. To allow a reasonable operating margin and to preclude
the need for final pH adjustment, the effluent pH is specified to
be within the range of 7.5 to 10.
The remainder of this section describes the development of BPT
mass loadings for each subcategory. The development of BPT
regulatory flows for each operation in each subcategory is pre-
sented in detail. The pollutants selected and excluded from
regulation, and the cost and benefit of the regulation at BPT are
also presented.
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate wastewater in the lead-tin-
bismuth forming subcategory include rolling, drawing, extrusion,
swaging, continuous strip casting, semi-continuous ingot casting,
shot casting, shot forming, alkaline cleaning, and degreasing.
Water use practices, wastewater streams, and wastewater discharge
flows from these operations were discussed in Section V. This
information provided the basis for development of the BPT regula-
tory flow allowances summarized in Table IX-11. The following
paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow allowances for each
waste stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at 26 plants in this subcategory. The
following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 7
Number of plants and operations using soap solution lubricant:
1.
No lubricants were reported to be used in over 15 rolling opera-
tions .
1557
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Lead-Tin-Bismuth Rolling Spent Emulsions. All of the operations
using rolling emulsions completely recycle the emulsions and
periodically batch dump them when they become spent. The spent
emulsion from one operation is incinerated; the spent emulsion
from one operation is applied to land; and the spent emulsion
from five operations is contract hauled. Spent emulsions which
are contract hauled off-site typically receive some type of
emulsion breaking (chemical or thermal) and oil skimming treat-
ment. After this treatment the water fraction is discharged and
the oil fraction is either sent to a reclaiming operation or
landfilled directly. Since spent emulsions are often treated on-
site and the water discharged (with the oil fraction contract
hauled), EPA is allowing a discharge for this waste stream. The
BPT discharge allowance is 23.4 1/kkg (5.60 gal/ton), the average
of the six reported production normalized discharge flows.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Rolling Spent Soap Solutions. The one operation
using rolling soap solutions applies and discharges 43.0 1/kkg
(10.3 gal/ton). Therefore, the BPT discharge allowance is 43.0
1/kkg (10.3 gal/ton).
Drawing
Drawing is performed at 26 plants in the lead-tin-bismuth forming
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 3
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 6
plants, 8 operations.
Number of plants and operations using soap solution lubricant-
coolant: 2.
No lubricants were reported to be used in over five operations.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent Neat Oils. None of the three
operations using neat oils discharge any of the lubricant. Two
achieve zero discharge through total recycle and one contract
hauls batches of the spent neat oils periodically. Since neat
oils are pure oil streams, with no water fraction, it is better
to remove the oil directly by contract hauling and not to dis-
charge the stream than to commingle the oil with water streams
and then remove it later using an oil-water separation process.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent Emulsions. Six of the eight
operations using emulsion lubricants do not discharge spent
emulsion. Two operations periodically discharge the spent
emulsion. Information sufficient to calculate production normal-
ized discharge flows was available for only one of the operations
which discharge the spent emulsion. Four of the six remaining
operations achieve zero discharge through 100 percent recycle of
the emulsions with drag-out on the product surface being the only
loss, while two operations report contract hauling the spent
emulsions after periodic batch dumps. Information sufficient to
1558
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calculate production normalized discharge flows was not available
for the operations which contract haul the spent emulsion. Spent
emulsions which are contract hauled off-site typically receive
some type of emulsion breaking (chemical or thermal) and oil
skimming treatment. After this treatment, the water fraction is
discharged and the oil fraction is either sent to a reclaiming
operation or landfilled directly. Since spent emulsions are
often treated on-site and the water discharged (with the oil
fraction contract hauled), EPA is allowing a discharge for this
waste stream. The BPT discharge allowance is 26.3 1/kkg (6.30
gal/ton), the only reported non-zero production normalized
discharge flow.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent Soap Solutions. One of the two
operations using soap solutions as a drawing lubricant periodi-
cally discharges the solution. The other operation achieves zero
discharge through total recycle. The BPT discharge allowance is
7.46 1/kkg (1.79 gal/ton), the one reported non-zero production
normalized discharge flow.
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at 43 plants in this subcategory. The
following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 14
plants, 17 operations
Number of plants and operations reporting hydraulic fluid
leakage: 2.
None of the plants reported using water-based lubricants in
extrusion operations.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment
Contact Cooling Water. As discussed in Section III, contact
cooling water is used in extrusion operations, either by spraying
water onto the metal as it emerges from the die or press, or by
direct quenching in a contact water bath. Three operations were
reported to achieve zero discharge by 100 percent recycle and one
operation reported achieving zero discharge by 100 percent
recycle with periodic contract hauling. A discharge with no
recycle is reported for 11 extrusion operations. No water use
data were reported for one of these operations. A discharge with
an unknown recycle rate was reported by two plants. The BPT dis-
charge allowance is the average of the 10 reported non-zero
production normalized discharge flows, 1,440 1/kkg (346 gal/ton).
Production normalized discharge flows for the two operations with
unknown recycle ratios were not included in the average.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. One of
the 43 plants with extrusion operations discharges hydraulic
fluid leakage from an extrusion press. Another plant reported 100
percent recycle of hydraulic fluid leakage. The Agency believes
that other plants in the lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory use
similar extrusion presses and may have leakage. The BPT dis-
1559
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charge allowance is based on the one reported production
normalized discharge fow, 55.0 1/kkg (13.2 gal/ton).
Swaging
Swaging is performed at five plants in this subcategory. Emul-
sions are used for lubrication in a total of four operations at
three plants. Two plants did not report the use of lubricants in
swaging operations.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Swaging Spent Emulsions. Three of the four
swaging operations which use lubricants achieve zero discharge by
100 percent recycle, with evaporation and drag-out on the product
surface being the only losses. Spent emulsion is batch dis-
charged from the other operation. Spent emulsions which are
contract hauled off-site typically receive some type of emulsion
breaking (chemical or thermal) and oil skimming treatment. After
this treatment, the water fraction is discharged and the oil
fraction is either sent to a reclaiming operation or landfilled
directly. Since the spent emulsions are often treated on-site
and the water discharged (with the oil fraction contract hauled)
by plants in this category and other categories, EPA is allowing
a discharge for this waste stream. The BPT discharge allowance
is 1.77 1/kkg (0.424 gal/ton), the only reported non-zero produc-
tion normalized discharge flow.
Casting
The following information was reported on casting operations in
this subcategory:
Total number of plants: 34
Number of plants and operations with continuous strip casting: 6
Number using contact cooling water: 5
Number of plants and operations using semi-continuous ingot
casting: 3
Number using contact cooling water: 3
Number of plants and operations with shot casting: 3 Number
using contact cooling water: 3
Number of plants and operations with continuous wheel casting: 1
Number using contact cooling water: 0
Number of plants and operations with continuous sheet
casting: 1 Number using contact cooling water: 0
Number of plants and operations with stationary casting (also
referred to as chill casting and mold casting): 26 plants, 28
operations
Number using contact cooling water: 0
Number of plants and operations with shot pressing: 2 Number
1560
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Lead-Tin-Bismuth Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water.
In five of the six continuous strip casting operations, the
contact cooling water is completely recycled and periodically
batch dumped. One operation uses only noncontact cooling water.
The BPT discharge allowance is the average of the five reported
production normalized discharges flows, 1.00 1/kkg (0.240
gal/ton).
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
Water. Water use and discharge data were reported for only one
operation. Contact cooling water from this operation is dis-
charged on a once-through basis. Based on the one reported
production normalized water use, the BPT discharge allowance is
29.4 1/kkg (7.04 gal/ton).
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water. In two of
the three operations, the contact cooling water is periodically
dumped. The average of the two reported production normalized
discharge flows is the BPT discharge allowance, 37.3 1/kkg (8.95
gal/ton).
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown.
One plant provided information on shot forming. It reported
using a wet scrubber to control air pollution from the lead
polishing and drying unit operations of a shot forming line. The
scrubber water is discharged on a once-through basis. The BPT
discharge allowance is the production normalized water use of the
one plant, 588 1/kkg (141 gal/ton).
Alkaline Cleaning
Four plants provided information on six alkaline cleaning opera-
tions .
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. Spent baths are
discharged from six alkaline cleaning operations. The BPT
discharge allowance is 120 1/kkg (28.7 gal/ton), the average of
the six production normalized discharge flows.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Four alkaline cleaning
operations discharge rinse with no recycle. The BPT discharge
allowance is 2,360 1/kkg (565 gal/ton), the average of the four
production normalized water use from the four operations.
Degreasing
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Degreasing Spent Solvents. A small number of
surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have process
wastewater streams associated with the operation. Because most
plants practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge,
the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is the appropri-
ate discharge limitation.
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Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The only priority pollutants considered for regula-
tion are antimony and lead. These two pollutants have been
selected for regulation under BPT along with total suspended
solids, oil and grease, and pH. The basis for regulating total
suspended solids, oil and grease, and pH under BPT was discussed
earlier in this section. The basis for regulating antimony and
lead is discussed below.
Antimony has been selected for regulation under BPT since it is
frequently found at treatable concentrations in process waste-
water streams from this subcategory. Treatable antimony concen-
trations were found in shot casting contact cooling water,
alkaline cleaning spent baths, and alkaline cleaning rinse.
Lead has been selected for regulation under BPT since it was
found at treatable concentrations in all process wastewater
samples analyzed from this subcategory and because it is the
metal being processed. The Agency believes that when antimony
and lead are controlled with the application of lime and settle
technology, control of other priority metals which may be present
in process wastewater is assured.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the lead-tin-bismuth forming
subcategory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary,
specifically emulsion breaking and oil skimming. The effluent
from preliminary treatment is combined with other wastewater for
common treatment by oil skimming and lime and settle. Waste
streams potentially needing preliminary chemical emulsion break-
ing are listed in Table IX-1. Figure IX-1 presents a schematic
of the general BPT treatment train for the nonferrous metals
forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-11 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/off-kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-
kg). The results of this computation for all waste streams and
regulated pollutants in the lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory
are summarized in Table IX-13. This limitation table lists all
the pollutants which were considered for regulation; those
specifically regulated are marked with an asterisk.
1562
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Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-3 (page xxxx), the application
of BPT to the total lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory will
remove approximately 5,730 kg/yr (12,610 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 235 kg/yr (520 lbs/yr) of toxic pollutants. As shown
in Table X-13 (page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct
dischargers only will remove approximately 1,450 kg/yr (3,190
lbs/yr) of pollutants including 45 kg/yr (100 lbs/yr) of toxic
pollutants. Since there are only three direct discharge plants
in this subcategory, total subcategory capital and annual costs
will not be reported in this document in order to protect confi-
dentiality claims. The Agency concludes that these pollutant
removals justify the costs incurred by plants in this
subcategory.
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate wastewater in the magnesium
forming subcategory include rolling, forging, direct chill
casting, surface treatment, sawing, grinding, and degreasing.
Water use practices, wastewater streams, and wastewater discharge
flows from these operations were discussed in Section V. This
information provided the basis for development of the BPT regula-
tory flow allowances summarized in Table IX-13. The following
paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow allowances for each
waste stream.
Rolling
The following information was reported on rolling operations in
this subcategory:
Number of plants: 1
Number of operations using emulsion lubricant: 2.
Magnesium Rolling Spent Emulsions. The emulsions from both
operations are batch dumped and hauled off-site by a waste
contractor. The quantity of emulsion hauled was not reported for
either operation. Spent emulsions which are contract hauled off-
site typically receive some type of emulsion breaking (chemical
or thermal) and oil skimming treatment. After this treatment,
the water fraction is discharged and the oil fraction is either
sent to a reclaiming operation or landfilled directly. Since
spent emulsions are often treated on-site and the water
discharged (with the oil fraction contract hauled), EPA is
allowing a discharge for this waste stream. The BPT flow has
been set equal to the BPT flow given for spent aluminum rolling
emulsions, 74.6 1/kkg (17.9 gal/ton). The Agency believes that,
because aluminum and magnesium have similar melting points and
1563
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other metallurgical properties, similar amounts of waste emulsion
will be generated in rolling the two metals.
Forging
The following information was reported on forging operations in
this subcategory:
Number of plants: 4
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 3 plants,
4 operations Number of plants and operations using contact
cooling water:
3 plants, 4 operations Number of equipment cleaning operations:
2.
Magnesium Forging Spent Lubricants. The only loss of lubricant
from any of the four operations is through drag-out on the
product surface. Consequently, there is no BPT discharge
allowance for forming spent lubricants. Since, magnesium forging
lubricants are not water based, they should be kept separate from
other process wastewater streams and therefore, should not be
discharged.
Magnesium Forging Contact Cooling Water. One operation has no
water discharge due to 100 percent recycle and evaporation. The
BPT flow is the average of the two reported non-zero production
normalized discharge flows, 2,890 1/kkg (693 gal/ton).
Magnesium Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. One plant
reported using water to clean equipment in its two forging
operations. The equipment cleaning wastewater from these opera-
tions is not recycled. The BPT discharge allowance, based on the
average production normalized water use from the two operations,
is 39.9 1/kkg (9.59 gal/ton).
Casting
Magnesium Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water. One
nonferrous metals forming plant casts magnesium by the direct
chill method. The cooling water used in this operation is
completely recycled. Another plant has a direct chill casting
operation which is an integral part of a magnesium smelting and
refining (nonferrous metcils manufacturing phase II) operation.
Once-through contact cooling water is discharged from this
operation. The BPT flow of 3,950 1/kkg (947 gal/ton) is based on
the production normalized water use for the nonferrous metals
manufacturing operation.
Surface Treatment
Three plants supplied information on magnesium surface treatment
operations. Information was provided on the discharge of nine
surface treatment baths and on seven surface treatment rinse
operations.
1564
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Magnesium Surface Treatment Spent Baths. An unreported amount of
wastewater is contract hauled from two of the operations.
Wastewater discharge flows were reported for three of the remain-
ing seven operations. The BPT discharge allowance is the average
of production normalized discharge flow from three operations,
466 1/kkg (112 gal/ton).
Magnesium Surface Treatment Rinse. One operation uses 100
percent recycle with a periodic batch discharge of rinse. Of the
remaining six operations, two operations consist of single stage
overflow rinses with no recycle, two operations consist of a
spray rinse followed by an overflow rinse with no recycle, and
two operations consist of non-cascade sequential rinsing stages.
The average of the seven production normalized discharge flows is
the BPT flow, 18,900 1/kkg (4,520 gal/ton).
Sawing or Grinding
The use of emulsion lubricants was reported for a total of two
operations at two plants.
Magnesium Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. One operation
achieves zero discharge by 100 percent recycle. Some emulsion
from this operation is lost due to evaporation and drag-out on
the product. In the other operation, the emulsion is recycled
with periodic batch discharges contract hauled to treatment and
disposal off-site. Since spent emulsions are often treated on-
site and the water discharged (with the oil fraction contract
hauled), EPA is allowing a discharge for this waste stream. The
BPT allowance has been set equal to the production normalized
discharge flow of contract hauled emulsion, 19.5 1/kkg (4.68
gal/ton).
Degreasing
Magnesium Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number of
surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have process
wastewater streams associated with the operation. Because most
plants practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge,
the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is an appropri-
ate discharge limitation.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Magnesium Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown. Blowdown from the
wet air pollution control devices used to control air pollution
from forging, sanding and repairing, and surface treatment is
included under this building block. The Agency believes that the
water requirements for scrubbing air emissions from these areas
are similar. Three of the four operations practice 90 percent
recycle or greater of the scrubber liquor while no recycle is
used in the remaining operation. Flow reduction is considered
BPT technology for wet air pollution control blowdown since three
of the four plants practice 90 percent or greater recycle.
1565
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Therefore, the BPT flow of 619 1/kkg (148 gal/ton) is based on
the average production normalized discharge flow from the opera-
tions with 90 percent or greater recycle.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The only priority pollutants considered for regula-
tion in this subcategory are chromium and zinc. Chromium and
zinc are selected for regulation under BPT along with the noncon-
ventional pollutants ammonia and fluoride and the conventional
pollutant parameters total suspended solids, oil and grease, and
pH. The nonconventional pollutant, magnesium, is not specifi-
cally regulated under BPT for the reasons given in Section X. The
basis for regulating total suspended solids, oil and grease, and
pH under BPT was discussed earlier in this section. The basis
for regulating total chromium, zinc, ammonia, and fluoride is
discussed below.
Total chromium is regulated since it includes both the hexavalent
and trivalent forms of chromium. Only the trivalent form is
removed by the lime and settle technology. Therefore, the
hexavalent form must be reduced by preliminary chromium reduction
treatment in order to meet the limitations on chromium in this
subcategory. Treatable chromium concentrations were found in
samples from surface treatment baths and rinses. Therefore,
regulation of total chromium is appropriate for this subcategory.
Zinc has been selected for regulation under BPT since it and
chromium are the predominant priority metals present in magnesium
forming wastewaters. The Agency believes that when these
parameters are controlled with the application of lime and settle
technology with preliminary treatment when needed, control of the
other toxic metals is assured.
Ammonia may be present at treatable concentrations in surface
treatment spent baths and surface treatment rinse. Therefore,
ammonia is selected for regulation in the magnesium forming
subcategory. Preliminary ammonia steam stripping treatment is
needed to remove this pollutant from these wastewaters.
Fluoride may also be present at treatable concentrations in
surface treatment baths and surface treatment rinse. Therefore,
fluoride is selected for regulation in this subcategory.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the magnesium forming subcate-
gory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary, specifi-
cally emulsion breaking and oil skimming, chromium reduction and
ammonia steam stripping. The effluent from preliminary treatment
is combined with other wastewater for common treatment by oil
skimming and lime and settle. Waste streams potentially needing
preliminary treatment are listed in Table IX-2. Figure IX-1
1566
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presents a schematic of the general BPT treatment train for the
nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-13 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/off-kkg x mg/1 x 1 kkg/1,000 kg =
mg/off-kg). The results of this computation for all waste
streams and regulated pollutants as well as magnesium in the
magnesium forming subcategory are summarized in Table IX-14.
Although no limitations have been established for magnesium,
Table IX-14 includes magnesium mass discharge limitations
attainable using the BPT model technology. These limitations are
presented for the guidance of permit writers. Only daily maximum
limitations are presented, based on the detection limit for
magnesium (0.10 mg/1), because lime and settle treatment was
determined to remove magnesium to below the level of analytical
quantification. The attainable monthly average discharge is
expected to be lower than the one day maximum limitation, but
since it would be impossible to monitor for compliance with a
lower level, no monthly average has been presented.
The limitation table lists all the pollutants which were consid-
ered for regulation; those specifically regulated are marked with
an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-4 (page xxxx), the application
of BPT to the total magnesium forming subcategory will remove
approximately 33,570 kg/yr (73,855 lbs/yr) of pollutants includ-
ing 16,900 kg/yr (37,180 lbs/yr) of toxic pollutants. As shown
in Table X-l (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual
costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $218,000 and $146,000
per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-14 (page xxxx), the
application of BPT to direct dischargers only will remove approx-
imately 28,615 kg/yr (62,950 lbs/yr) of pollutants including
14,790 kg/yr (32,540 lbs/yr) of toxic pollutants. As shown in
Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $148,200 and $95,700 per
year, respectively. The Agency concludes that these pollutant
removals justify the costs incurred by the plants in this subcat-
egory .
1567
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NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations which generate process wastewater in the
nickel-cobalt forming subcategory include rolling, tube reducing,
drawing, extrusion, forging, metal powder production, stationary
casting, vacuum melting, heat treatment, surface treatment,
cleaning, sawing, grinding, product testing, and degreasing.
Water use practices, wastewater streams and wastewater discharge
flows from these operations were discussed in Section V. This
information provided the basis for development of the BPT regula-
tory flow allowances summarized in Table IX-15. The following
paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow allowances for each
waste stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at 30 plants in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 5
plants, 6 operations
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 5
plants, 7 operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 6
plants, 9 operations.
Approximately 15 plants reported no use of lubricants or contact
cooling water for their rolling operations.
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Spent Neat Oils. The neat oils in four of
the operations are consumed during the rolling operation, while
the neat oils in the other two operations are contract hauled.
Since neat oils are pure oil streams, with no water fraction, it
is better to remove the oil directly by contract hauling and not
to discharge the stream than to commingle the oil with water
streams and then remove it later using an oil-water separation
process. Consequently, this waste stream should not be
discharged.
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Spent Emulsions. Spent rolling emulsions
are either treated o~i--site or contract hauled for treatment and
disposal off-site. Production normalized discharge flows are
available for three of the seven rolling operations which use
spent emulsions. Spent emulsions from two of these operations
are treated on-site while emulsion from the third operation is
contract hauled. A BPT discharge allowance of 170 1/kkg (40.9
gal/ton) has been established for this stream since spent emul-
sion is sometimes treated on-site and the water discharged (with
the oil fraction contract hauled). The BPT flow is based on the
average of the three reported production normalized discharge
flows.
1568
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Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Contact Cooling Water. Flow information
was available for eight of the nine rolling operations which use
contact cooling water. Two operations achieve zero discharge by
completely recycling the contact cooling water stream. No
information regarding the amount of water used in these opera-
tions was available. The other operations use widely varying
amounts of water for contact cooling. Production normalized
water uses for these operations vary from 72.8 to 43,400 1/kkg.
The BPT flow of 3,770 1/kkg (905 gal/ton) is based on the median
of the six reported production normalized cooling water uses.
The median is believed to be a better representation of the
current typical water use for this operation than the average
(arithmetic mean) because of the large range of reported produc-
tion normalized water uses.
Tube Reducing
Three plants reported information on three tube reducing (also
referred to as pilgering) operations. Lubricants are used in
these operations.
Nickel-Cobalt Tube Reducing Spent Lubricant. There shall be no
discharge allowance for the discharge of pollutants from tube
reducing spent lubricants if once each month for six consecutive
months the facility owner or operator demonstrates the absence of
N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-
nitrosodiphenylamine by sampling and analyzing spent tube
reducing lubricants. If the facility complies with this
requirement for six months then the frequency of sampling may be
reduced to once each quarter. A facility shall be considered in
compliance with this requirement if the concentrations of the
three nitrosamine compounds does not exceed the analytical
quantification levels set forth in 40 CFR Part 136 which are
0.020 mg/1 for N-nitrosodiphenylamine, 0.020 for N-nitrosodi-n-
propylamine, and 0.050 mg/1 for N-nitrosodimethylamine.
Drawing
Drawing is performed at 32 plants in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 8
plants, 11 operations
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 8
plants, 9 operations.
No lubricants were reported to be used at over 15 plants.
Nickel-Cobalt Drawing Spent Neat Oils. Neat oils from nine of
the 11 operations are contract hauled; the only loss of neat oil
from one operation is by evaporation and drag-out; no information
regarding spent neat oils is available for the other drawing
operation which uses a neat oil lubricant. As discussed previ-
ously for rolling spent neat oils, it is better to remove the
1569
-------
neat oils directly and not to discharge the stream than to
commingle the oil wita water streams and then remove it later.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Nickel-Cobalt Drawing Spent Emulsions. Spent emulsions from
eight of the nine plants reporting the use of emulsion lubricants
are periodically contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-
site. One operation periodically discharges the spent emulsion.
Information sufficient to calculate production normalized
discharge flows was available for two of the operations which
haul the emulsion and the one which discharges it. As discussed
previously for drawing spent emulsions in the lead-tin-bismuth
forming subcategory, spent emulsions are often treated on-site
and the water discharged (with the oil fraction contract hauled)
by plants in this category and other categories. Therefore, the
BPT discharge allowance is the average of the three reported
production normalized discharge flows, 95.4 1/kkg (22.9 gal/ton).
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at eight plants in this subcategory. The
following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 4
Number of plants and operations using press and solution heat
treatment contact cooling water: 2
Number of plants and operations recording hydraulic fluid
leakage: 1.
Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Spent Lubricants. Lubricants are com-
pletely recycled in all operations, with the only loss occurring
through evaporation and drag-out. The extrusion lubricants which
are used are typically neat oils. Since neat oils are pure oil
streams, with no water fraction, it is better to remove the oil
directly and not to discharge the stream than to commingle the
oil with water streams and then remove it later. Therefore, this
waste stream should not be discharged.
Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water. As discussed in Section III, contact cooling
water is used in extrusion operations to accomplish a heat
treatment effect, either by spraying water onto the metal as it
emerges from the die or press, or by direct quenching in a water
bath. Contact cooling water in one of the operations is recycled
and periodically batch dumped; the other operation discharges
with no recycle. The average of the two reported production
normalized discharge flows is the BPT discharge allowance, 83.2
1/kkg (20.0 gal/ton).
Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. Discharge
of hydraulic fluid leakage was reported from one extrusion
operation. The BPT discharge allowance of 232 1/kkg (55.6
gal/ton) is based on the production normalized discharge flow
from this operation.
1570
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Forging
Forging is performed at 31 plants in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 5 plants, 6
operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 6
Number of plants and operations reporting hydraulic fluid
leakage: 1
Number of equipment cleaning operations: 1 plant, 2 operations.
Approximately 20 dry forging operations were reported.
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Spent Lubricants. The lubricants from the
six operations are either contract hauled directly or only lost
through evaporation and drag-out. It is better to remove the
neat oil and graphite-based lubricants typically used in forging
operations from this subcategory and not to discharge the stream
than to commingle the lubricants with other water streams and
then remove them later. Therefore, this waste stream should not
be discharged.
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Contact Cooling Water. Five of the six
plants that reported this waste stream provided flow information.
Four plants discharge the cooling water without any recycle while
one plant recycles over 95 percent of the water. The BPT dis-
charge of 474 1/kkg (114 gal/ton) is based on the average produc-
tion normalized water use for the five plants providing flow
information.
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. One plant
reported using water to clean the equipment in its two forging
operations. The BPT discharge allowance, based on the average of
the two production normalized water uses, is 40.0 1/kkg (9.57
gal/ton).
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. One plant
reported a discharge of forging press hydraulic fluid leakage.
The BPT discharge allowance of 187 1/kkg (44.8 gal/ton) is based
on the production normalized discharge flow of hydraulic leakage
from this operation.
Casting
The following information was reported on casting operations in
this subcategory:
Total number of plants: 12
Number of plants and operations with stationary casting: 10
plants, 12 operations
Number using contact cooling water: 2
Number dry: 10
1571
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Number of plants and operations with vacuum melting and casting:
3
Number of plants with vacuum melting steam condensate: 2
Number dry: 1
Number of plants and operations with electroflux remelting: 2
Number dry: 2.
Nickel-Cobalt Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water. Two
stationary casting operations use contact cooling water. In one
operation the cooling water is completely reused in other nonfer-
rous forming operations at the plant. The cooling water is not
recycled in the other operation but some is lost through evapora-
tion and drag-out. The BPT allowance of 12,100 1/kkg (2,900
gal/ton) is based on the average production normalized water use
for the two operations.
Nickel-Cobalt Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate. Information was
reported on two vacuum melting operations which generate a steam
condensate waste stream. In one operation the entire volume of
steam condensate is reused for surface treatment rinse. The
other operation recycles 98 percent of the steam condensate
through a cooling tower. Analysis of a sample of the bleed
stream from the cooling tower indicated that there are no pollu-
tants present above treatable concentrations. In fact, some
pollutants were found at concentrations lower than source water
concentrations. Vacuum melting steam condensate can, therefore,
be reused in the generation of steam for vacuum melting or in
other processes present at the forming plant. The feasibility of
reusing the condensate is demonstrated by the operation which
currently reuses the condensate for surface treatment rinse.
Therefore, since analysis of the condensate indicates that no
pollutants are present at treatable concentrations, and it is
current industry practice to reuse the condensate in other
forming operations, no allowance is provided for this stream.
Metal Powder Production
Metal powder production operations are performed at 15 plants.
Atomization wastewater is generated in a total of seven opera-
tions at six plants. No wastewater is generated from atomization
processes at nine plants.
Nickel-Cobalt Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater.
Production normalized discharge flows for this waste stream vary
widely from 1,280 1/kkg to 75,300 1/kkg. The BPT flow allowance
of 2,620 1/kkg (629 gal/ton) is based on the median of seven
production normalized discharge flows. Because of the large
range of production normalized discharge flows, the median is
believed to be a better representation of the current typical
water use for this operation than the average (arithmetic mean).
1572
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Solution Heat Treatment
Heat treatment operations are performed at 31 plants. Contact
cooling water is used in a total of 22 operations at 17 plants.
No water is used at 14 plants.
Nickel-Cobalt Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water. No BPT discharge allowance is provided for this
stream. The zero discharge allowance is based on 100 percent
reuse of the wastewater, either as annealing contact cooling
water or in other processes present at the forming plants.
Analysis of a sample of this wastewater indicates that there are
no pollutants present above treatable concentrations and there-
fore, reuse is possible. Furthermore, three operations which use
annealing contact cooling water recycle all of the cooling water.
In one operation the cooling water is treated by oil skimming and
recycled to the cooling process. In two operations, the cooling
water is recycled without treatment.
Surface Treatment
Thirty plants provided information on surface treatment opera-
tions in the nickel-cobalt forming subcategory.
Nickel-Cobalt Surface Treatment Spent Baths. A total of 39
surface treatment bath operations were identified. Spent baths
from six operations are discharged to evaporation ponds, baths
from 10 operations are contract hauled to treatment and disposal
off-site and 23 baths are discharged to either a POTW or surface
water. The BPT regulatory flow of 935 1/kkg (224 gal/ton) is
based on the average of the 24 reported production normalized
flows. Information sufficient to calculate production normalized
flows was provided for 25 baths that are discharged or contract
hauled.
Nickel-Cobalt Surface Treatment Rinse. Thirty-three surface
treatment rinse operations were identified. Rinse from seven
operations is discharged to evaporation ponds or surface
impoundments, and rinse from two operations is contract hauled.
In one process, the rinse is treated and reused. The BPT flow of
23,600 1/kkg (5,640 gal/ton) is based on the average of the 24
production normalized water uses reported for this operation.
Ammonia Rinse Treatment
Two plants reported using an ammonia rinse in a total of 3
operations.
Nickel-Cobalt Ammonia Rinse. All three operations are stagnant
rinses with batch discharges. The BPT flow of 14.8 1/kkg (3.54
gal/ton) is based on the average production normalized discharge
flow from the three operations.
1573
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Alkaline Cleaning
Eighteen plants provided information on alkaline cleaning opera-
tions in the nickel-cobalt subcategory. The reported operations
include 23 baths and 22 rinses.
Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. Seven baths are
discharged to evaporation ponds or impoundments, and two are
contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-site. Flow data
were available for 15 baths. Production normalized discharge
flows for these baths vary from 1.2 1/kkg to 231 1/kkg. The BPT
flow of 33.9 1/kkg (8.13 gal/ton) is based on the median produc-
tion normalized discharge flow from the 15 baths. The median is
believed to be a better representation of the current typical
flow for this operation than the average (arithmetic mean)
because of the large range of production normalized discharge
flows. The production normalized water use for a combined bath
and rinse was not included in the average because the individual
discharges could not be discerned.
Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Rinse from eight
operations is discharged to evaporation ponds, impoundments, or
applied to land. Rinse from one operation is treated and reused.
Water use data are available for a total of 12 alkaline cleaning
rinse operations. The BPT flow of 2,330 1/kkg (559 gal/ton) is
the average production normalized water use for 11 operations.
The production normalized water use for a combined bath and rinse
was not included in the average because the individual discharges
could not be discerned.
Molten Salt Treatment
Six plants reported using molten salt treatment in a total of
eight operations.
Nickel-Cobalt Molten Salt Rinse. The BPT flow for this stream is
8,440 1/kkg (2,020 gal/ton). This flow is the average production
normalized water use for six nonrecycled overflowing rinses. The
water uses for two stagnant rinses were not included in the
average because flow reduction through stagnant rinsing is
considered to be part of the BAT technology.
Sawing or Grinding
Twenty-one plants reported using emulsion lubricants in a total
of 25 sawing or grinding operations. One rinse operation was
also reported.
Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. Information
sufficient to calculate production normalized discharge flows was
reported for five operations. The BPT flow allowance of 39.4
1/kkg (9.45 gal/ton) is based on the average production normal-
ized discharge flow from the five operations.
1574
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Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding Rinse. One plant reported
generating this waste stream. The BPT regulatory flow of 1,810
1/kkg (435 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized dis-
charge flow from this plant.
Steam Cleaning
Nickel-Cobalt Steam Cleaning Condensate. Two plants reported the
discharge of contact steam condensate from product cleaning
operations. Neither plant recycles the condensate. Only one
plant reported information sufficient to calculate production
normalized flows. The BPT discharge allowance is the one
reported production normalized discharge flow, 30.1 1/kkg (7.22
gal/ton).
Product Testing
Nickel-Cobalt Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
Wastewater. The Agency believes that hydrostatic tube testing
and ultrasonic testing wastewater can be recycled or reused in
other processes present at the forming plant. Also, some plants
in this category discharge wastewater from these operations less
than once per year, which is effectively zero discharge. There-
fore, no allowance for the discharge of process wastewater
pollutants is provided for this stream.
Nickel-Cobalt Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater. Three plants
reported generating wastewater from six dye penetrant testing
operations. Flow information was reported for two operations.
The BPT discharge allowance of 213 1/kkg (50.9 gal/ton) is the
average production normalized discharge flow from the two opera-
tions .
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Nickel-Cobalt Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources. Some low volume
sources of wastewater were reported in dcps and observed during
the site and sampling visits. These include wastewater from
maintenance and cleanup. The Agency has determined that none of
the plants reporting these specific water uses discharge these
wastewaters to surface waters (directly or indirectly). However,
because the Agency believes this type of low volume periodic
discharge occurs at most plants, the Agency has combined these
individual wastewater sources under the term "miscellaneous
wastewater sources" and provided a BPT discharge allowance of 246
1/kkg (58.4 gal/ton).
Degreasing
Nickel-Cobalt Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number of
surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations indicated
having process wastewater streams associated with the operation.
Because most plants practice solvent degreasing without waste-
water discharge, the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater
is an appropriate discharge limitation.
1575
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Wet Air Pollution Control
Nickel-Cobalt Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown. Wet air
pollution control devices are used to control air emissions from
surface treatment operations, shot blasting, molten salt treat-
ment and rolling. Six plants reported achieving over 90 percent
recycle of the scrubber water. Therefore, the BPT discharge
allowance of 810 1/kkg (194 gal/ton) is based on 90 percent
recycle of the average production normalized water use for six
operations since 90 percent recycle or greater is current typical
industry practice.
Electrocoating
Nickel-Cobalt Electrocoating Rinse. One plant reported
discharging electrocoating rinse. The BPT regulatory flow of
3,370 1/kkg (807 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized
discharge flow from this one plant.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The priority pollutants considered for regulation in
this subcategory are cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and
zinc. Chromium and nickel are selected for regulation under BPT
along with fluoride, total suspended solids, oil and grease, and
pH. The priority pollutants cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc are
not specifically regulated under BPT for the reasons given in
Section X. The basis for regulating total suspended solids, oil
and grease, and pH under BPT was discussed earlier in this
section. The basis for regulating total chromium, nickel, and
fluoride is discussed below.
Total chromium is regulated since it includes both hexavalent and
trivalent forms of chromium. Only the trivalent form is removed
by the lime and settle technology. Therefore, the hexavalent
form must be reduced by preliminary chromium reduction treatment
in order to meet the limitations on chromium in this subcategory.
Chromium was found at treatable concentrations in 71 of 90 raw
wastewater samples, and 16 of the 18 raw wastewater streams in
which it was analyzed.
Nickel has been selected for regulation under BPT since it was
found at treatable concentrations in 81 of 90 raw wastewater
samples and because it is the metal being processed. Nickel was
present at treatable concentrations in 16 of the 18 raw waste-
water streams in which it was analyzed. The Agency believes that
when chromium and nickel are controlled with the application of
lime and settle technology and preliminary treatment when needed,
the control of other priority pollutants which may be present is
assured.
1576
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Fluoride was found at treatable concentrations in 21 of 89 raw
wastewater samples and in six of 18 raw wastewater streams in
which it was analyzed. Therefore, fluoride is selected for
regulation under BPT.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary,
specifically emulsion breaking and oil skimming, and chromium
reduction. The effluent from preliminary treatment is combined
with other wastewater for common treatment by oil skimming and
lime and settle. Waste streams potentially needing preliminary
treatment are listed in Table IX-3. Figure IX-1 presents a
schematic of the general BPT treatment train for the nonferrous
metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-15 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/off-kkg x mg/1 x 1 kkg/1,000 kg =
mg/off-kg). The results of this computation for all waste
streams and regulated pollutants in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory are summarized in Table IX-16. This limitation table
lists all the pollutants which were considered for regulation;
those specifically regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control in relation to the effluent reduction benefits. BPT
costs and benefits are tabulated along with BAT costs and bene-
fits in Section X. As shown in Table X-5 (page xxxx), the appli-
cation of BPT to the total nickel-cobalt forming subcategory will
remove approximately 729,230 kg/yr (1,604,300 lbs/yr) of pollu-
tants including 99,570 kg/yr (219,050 lbs/yr) of toxic metals.
As shown in Table X-l (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and
annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $3,342 million
and $2,077 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-
15 (page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct dischargers only
will remove approximately 21,590 kg/yr (47,500 lbs/yr) of
pollutants including 10,400 kg/yr (22,880 lbs/yr) of toxic
metals. As shown in Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding
capital and annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are
$392,000 and $186,000 per year, respectively. The Agency con-
cludes that these pollutant removals justify the costs incurred
by plants in this subcategory.
1577
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PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
precious metals forming subcategory include rolling, drawing,
metal powder production, direct chill casting, shot casting,
stationary casting, semi-continuous and continuous casting, heat
treatment, surface treatment, alkaline cleaning, tumbling,
burnishing, sawing, grinding, pressure bonding, and degreasing.
The wet scrubbers used for air pollution control at some plants
are also a source of process wastewater. Water use practices,
wastewater streams and wastewater discharge flows from these
operations were discussed in Section V. This information pro-
vided the basis for development of the BPT regulatory flow
allowances summarized in Table IX-17. The following paragraphs
discuss the basis for the BPT flow allowances for each waste
stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at 33 plants in this subcategory. The
following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 2
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 5
plants, 6 operations.
No lubricants were reported to be used at approximately 25
plants.
Precious Metals Rolling Spent Neat Oils. No discharge is the BPT
requirement for this waste stream. Spent neat oil is not
discharged from the two rolling operations where the use of neat
oil lubricants was reported. One operation achieves zero
discharge through recirculation with some loss due to drag-out on
the product. No information regarding how zero discharge is
achieved was reported for the other operation. Since neat oils
are pure oil streams, with no water fraction, it is better to
remove the oil directly by contract hauling and not to discharge
the stream than to commingle the oil with water streams and then
remove it later.
Precious Metals Rolling Spent Emulsions. Information sufficient
to calculate production normalized flows was available for three
of the six operations where the use of emulsion lubricants was
reported. The BPT regulatory allowance of 77.1 1/kkg (18.5
gal/ton) is based on the average of the three production normal-
ized discharge flows. This regulatory flow incorporates recycle
with periodic discharge of spent emulsion since this is current
practice at the three plants supplying flow data for this waste-
water stream.
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Drawing
Drawing is performed at 25 precious metals forming plants. The
following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 1
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 8
plants, 12 operations
Number of plants and operations using soap solutions: 2.
No lubricants are used at approximately 15 plants.
Precious Metals Drawing Spent Neat Oils. Neat oils are com-
pletely consumed in the one drawing process where neat oil
lubricants are used. As discussed previously, should a plant
need to dispose of these lubricants it is better to remove them
directly by contract hauling and not to discharge the stream.
Therefore, this stream should not be discharged.
Precious Metals Drawing Spent Emulsions. Drawing emulsions are
completely recycled with the only loss due to evaporation and
drag-out in three operations. Seven operations recycle the
emulsion with periodic batch discharges. The spent emulsion from
four of the seven operations is contract hauled to treatment and
disposal off-site. The BPT regulatory flow of 47.5 1/kkg (11.4
gal/ton) is based on the average of five non-zero production
normalized discharge flows from operations where emulsion is
recycled with periodic batch discharges. The production normal-
ized discharge flow from one operation where no recycle is
practiced was not included in the BPT regulatory flow calculation
since once-through discharge of spent emulsion is not indicative
of current industry practice.
Precious Metals Drawing Spent Soap Solutions. No d1' scharge data
were provided on one operation and one operation was reported to
periodically discharge spent soap solution. The BPT discharge
allowance is the one reported value, 3.12 1/kkg (0.748 gal/ton).
Metal Powder Production
Metal powder production operations are performed at eight plants.
Atomization wastewater is generated at one of these plants.
Precious Metals Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater.
The BPT discharge allowance, based on the one reported production
normalized discharge flow, is 6,680 1/kkg (1,600 gal/ton).
Casting
Casting is performed at 23 plants in the precious metals forming
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
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Number of plants and operations with direct chill casting using
contact cooling water: 3 plants, 4 operations
Number of plants and operations with shot casting using contact
cooling water: 1
Number of plants and operations with stationary casting using
contact cooling water: 5
Number of plants and operations with semi-continuous and
continuous casting using contact cooling water: 5.
Precious Metals Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water. In
one reported direct chill casting operation the cooling water is
completely recycled with no discharge. The contact cooling water
is discharged from two operations on a once-through basis. The
BPT flow allowance of 10,800 1/kkg (2,590 gal/ton) is based on
the average production normalized water use from these two opera-
tions. The production normalized water use from one operation
with an unreported discharge flow was not used in the BPT flow
calculation since it is nearly 10 times greater than the water
use for the other two discharging operations, and therefore not
indicative of current industry practice.
Precious Metals Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water. The BPT
regulatory flow allowance is the production normalized water use
from the one reported operation, 3,670 1/kkg (880 gal/ton).
Precious Metals Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water. Five
plants reported using contact cooling water to cool stationary
castings. One plant completely recycles this water, one prac-
tices 99.8 percent recycle, and one plant only discharges the
cooling water periodically. Water recycle practices were not
reported by the other two plants. No BPT discharge allowance is
provided for this waste stream. The zero discharge allowance is
based on practices currently in use at one plant in this subcate-
gory and in plants from several other subcategories in the
category which perform the same operation on other metals.
Precious Metals Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water. Two plants completely recycle the cooling water
with no discharge. Flow data were reported for one of the three
plants which discharge this stream. The BPT regulatory allowance
is based on the one reported, nonrecycled production normalized
water use, 10,300 1/kkg (2,480 gal/ton).
Heat Treatment
Precious Metals Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. Eleven
plants reported using contact cooling water in a total of 20 heat
treatment operations. Contact cooling water is used in anneal-
ing, rolling, and extrusion heat treatment. The BPT regulatory
flow is based on the median of 12 reported production normalized
water uses, 4,170 1/kkg (1,000 gal/ton). The median is believed
to be a better representation of the current typical water use
for this operation than the average (arithmetic mean) because of
the large range of reported production normalized water uses (659
1/k' to 14"» .000 lA'"o) .
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Surface Treatment
Seventeen plants supplied information on surface treatment
operations. Wastewater is generated and discharged from these
operations as follows:
Number of baths contract hauled or discharged: 16
Number of baths never discharged: 4
Number of rinses discharged: 18 Number of rinses treated and
completely recycled: 1.
Precious Metals Surface Treatment Spent Baths. No wastewater
discharge data were reported for 12 of the operations. The BPT
discharge allowance is the average of the four reported produc-
tion normalized discharge flows, 96.3 1/kkg (23.1 gal/ton).
Precious Metals Surface Treatment Rinse. One rinse operation
uses two-stage countercurrent cascade rinsing and another
operation uses three-stage countercurrent cascade rinsing. The
BPT regulatory flow of 6,160 1/kkg (1,480 gal/ton) is based on
the average production normalized water use for seven noncascaded
rinse operations because flow reduction through cascade rinsing
is considered to be part of the BAT technology.
Alkaline Cleaning
Nine plants supplied information on alkaline cleaning operations.
Seven plants supplied information on alkaline cleaning prebonding
operations. Wastewater is generated and discharged from these
operations as follows:
Number of alkaline cleaning baths contract hauled or discharged:
8
Number of alkaline cleaning baths never discharged: 0
Number of alkaline cleaning rinses discharged: 7
Number of alkaline cleaning prebonding operations discharging
wastewater: 8.
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. Production
normalized flow information is available for one bath. The BPT
regulatory flow of 60.0 1/kkg (14.4 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from this bath.
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Flow data were
available for four alkaline cleaning rTnse operations. No
recycle or other flow reduction techniques are used for any of
these operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 11,200 1/kkg (2,690
gal/ton) is based on the average production normalized water use
from the four operations.
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Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning Prebondinq Wastewater. Flow
information is available for all of the alkaline cleaning pre-
bonding operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 11,600 1/kkg
(2,770 gal/ton) is based on the median production normalized
water use for the eight operations. The median is believed to be
a better representation of the current typical water use for this
operation than the average (arithmetic mean) because of the large
range of reported production normalized water uses (10.2 1/kkg to
93,800 1/kkg).
Tumbling or Burnishing
Precious Metals Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater. Flow informa-
tion was reported for two tumbling operations and two burnishing
operations. No recycle is practiced for any of these operations.
The BPT flow allowance of 12,100 1/kkg (2,910 gal/ton) is based
on the average production normalized water use for the four
operations.
Sawing or Grinding
Precious Metals Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils. Neat oil is
used as a lubricant in one grinding operation. The neat oil is
completely recycled with some loss due to evaporation and drag-
out. As previously discussed, since neat oils are pure oil
streams, with no water fraction, it is better to remove the oil
directly by contract hauling and not to discharge the stream than
to commingle the oil with water streams and then remove it later.
Therefore, the BPT flow allowance is zero.
Precious Metals Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. An emulsion
lubricant is used in four operations. In each of the four
operations, the emulsion is recirculated with periodic discharges
contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-site. However, a
BPT regulatory flow has been established for this stream since
the spent emulsion could be treated on-site and the water frac-
tion discharged (with the oil fraction contract hauled). The BPT
regulatory flow of 93.4 1/kkg (22.4 gal/ton) is based on the
median production normalized discharge flow from the four opera-
tions. The median is believed to be a better representation of
the current typical water use for this operation than the average
(arithmetic mean) because of the large range of reported produc-
tion normalized discharge flows (3.17 1/kkg to 2,775 1/kkg).
Pressure Bonding
Precious Metals Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water. One
plant reported using contact cooling water after a pressure
bonding operation. The production normalized discharge flow from
this operation is the BPT regulatory flow, 83.5 1/kkg (20.0
gal/ton).
1582
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Degreasing
Precious Metals Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number
of surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have
process wastewater streams associated with the operation.
Because most plants practice solvent degreasing without waste-
water discharge, the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater
is an appropriate discharge limitation.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Precious Metals Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown. Wet air
pollution control devices are used to control air emissions from
two surface treatment operations and three casting operations.
The scrubber water is completely recycled with no discharge in
two operations, and a periodic discharge is contract hauled to
treatment and disposal off-site in a third operation. Since zero
discharge from wet air pollution devices is common practice in
this subcategory, no BPT flow allowance is provided for this
stream.
Deleted Waste Streams
Precious Metals Metal Powder Production Milling Wastewater. At
proposal, an allowance was written for metal powder production
milling wastewater. Upon re-examination of the information
available, it was determined that the operation upon which the
allowance was based is powder metallurgy part milling, not powder
milling. The discharge from this operation is covered by tum-
bling, burnishing wastewater allowance and its reported PNF has
been included in the calculation of the tumbling, burnishing
wastewater regulatory flow and discharge allowance.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they have
been considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BPT are cadmium, copper, lead, silver, cyanide, oil and grease,
total suspended solids and pH. The priority metal pollutants
chromium, nickel, and zinc, listed in Section VI are not
specifically regulated under BPT for the reasons explained in
Section X. The basis for regulating oil and grease, total
suspended solids and pH was discussed earlier in this section.
The basis for regulating cadmium, copper, lead, silver, and
cyanide is discussed below.
Cadmium is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in 23 of 37 raw wastewater samples. Cadmium
was present at treatable concentrations in rolling spent emul-
sions, shot casting contact cooling water, semi-continuous and
continuous casting contact cooling water, heat treatment contact
cooling water, surface treatment spent baths, surface treatment
rinse, alkaline cleaning spent baths, alkaline cleaning
1583
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prebonding wastewater, tumbling and burnishing wastewater, and
pressure bonding contact cooling water.
Copper is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concent rations in 32 of 37 raw wastewater samples. Copper was
found at treatable concentrations in all raw wastewater streams
in which it was analyzed. This includes all of the waste streams
where cadmium was found at treatable concentrations, and also
drawing spent emulsions.
Lead is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 25 of 37 raw wastewater samples. Lead was
found at treatable concentration in 11 of the 12 raw wastewater
streams in which it was analyzed.
Silver is selected for regulation because it was found at treat-
able concentrations in 11 of 37 raw wastewater samples, it is a
toxic metal, and it is one of the metals formed in this subcate-
gory. Silver was found at treatable concentrations in rolling
spent emulsions, drawing spent emulsions, surface treatment spent
baths, surface treatment rinse, alkaline cleaning spent baths,
and tumbling, burnishing wastewater.
Cyanide is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in alkaline cleaning prebonding wastewater
and semi-continuous and continuous casting contact cooling water.
Preliminary cyanide precipitation is needed to remove this
pollutant from wastewater. Therefore regulation of cyanide is
appropriate for this subcategory.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the precious metals forming
subcategory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary,
specifically chemical emulsion breaking and oil skimming, and
cyanide precipitation. The effluent from preliminary treatment
is combined with other wastewater for common treatment by oil
skimming and lime and settle. Waste streams potentially needing
preliminary treatment are listed in Table IX-4. Figure IX-1
presents a schematic of the general BPT treatment train for the
nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per metric ton of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-17 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/off-kkg x mg/1 x 1 kkg/1,000 kg =
mg/off-kg). The results of this computation for all waste
streams and regulated pollutants in the precious metals forming
subcategory are summarized in Table IX-18. This limitation table
lists all the pollutants which were considered for regulation and
those specifically regulated -ire marked with an asterisk.
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Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control in relation to the effluent reduction benefits. BPT
costs and benefits are tabulated along with BAT costs and bene-
fits in Section X. As shown in Table X-6 (page xxxx), the appli-
cation of BPT to the total precious metals forming subcategory
will remove approximately 12,635 kg/yr (27,800 lbs/yr) of pollu-
tants including 110 kg/yr (242 lbs/yr) of toxic metals. As shown
in Table X-l (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual
costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $1,013 million and
$0,414 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-16
(page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct dischargers only
will remove approximately 2,875 kg/yr (6,325 lbs/yr) of pollu-
tants including 21 kg/yr (46 lbs/yr) of toxic metals. As shown
in Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual
costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $226,000 and $98,000
per year, respectively. The Agency concludes that these pollu-
tant removals justify the costs incurred by plants in this
subcategory.
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
refractory metals forming subcategory include rolling, drawing,
extrusion, forging, metal powder production, surface treatment,
alkaline cleaning, molten salt treatment, tumbling, burnishing,
sawing, grinding, product testing, equipment cleaning, degreasing
and a few miscellaneous operations. The wet scrubbers used for
air pollution control at some plants are also a source of process
wastewater. Water use practices, wastewater streams and waste-
water discharge flows from these operations were discussed in
Section V. This information provided the basis for development
of the BPT regulatory flow allowances summarized in Table IX-19.
The following paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow
allowances for each waste stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at approximately 16 plants in the refractory
metals forming subcategory. The following information is avail-
able from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil or graphite-based
lubricants: 2
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricants: 1.
No lubricants are used at approximately 13 plants.
Refractory Metals Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based
Lubricants. One operation uses a neat oil lubricant and the
other operation uses a graphite-based lubricant. The lubricant
in both processes is completely recycled with some loss due to
1585
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evaporation and drag-out. Should a plant find the need to
dispose these lubricants, it would be better to remove the
lubricants directly by contract hauling and not to discharge the
stream rather than to combine the lubricants with water streams,
and remove them later. Therefore, rolling spent neat oils and
graphite-based lubricants should not be discharged.
Refractory Metals Rolling Spent Emulsions. Spent emulsion in the
one rolling operation which uses an emulsified lubricant is
periodically batch dumped and contract hauled. As discussed
previously for rolling spent emulsions in the lead-tin-bismuth
forming subcategory, the spent emulsions are often treated on-
site and the water discharged (with the oil fraction contract
hauled) by plants in this category and other categories. There-
fore, the production normalized discharge flow from the one
operation is the BPT discharge allowance, 429 1/kkg (103
gal/ton).
Drawing
Drawing is performed at approximately 16 refractory metals
forming plants. Six plants reported using lubricants in a total
of seven drawing operations.
Refractory Metals Drawing Spent Lubricants. No lubricant is
discharged from six of the seven drawing operations reporting the
use of lubricants. In four operations, the lubricant is com-
pletely recycled with some lubricant consumed or lost through
evaporation and drag-out. In the other zero discharge opera-
tions, the only losses are due to lubricant being consumed and
burned off or through evaporation and drag-out. One operation
has no available water discharge data. The drawing lubricants
used include neat oils, graphite-based lubricants, and dry soap
lubricants. Should a plant find the need to dispose of these
lubricants, it would be better to remove them directly by con-
tract hauling and not to discharge the stream rather than to
combine the lubricants with water streams and remove them later.
Therefore, drawing spent lubricants should not be discharged.
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at approximately seven plants in this
subcategory. The following information is available from these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 3
Number of plants and operations reporting hydraulic fluid
leakage: 1.
Four plants did not report the use of lubricants or hydraulic
fluid leakage from their extrusion operations.
Refractory Metals Extrusion Spent Lubricants. There are no
reported discharges of spent extrusion lubricants. Should a
plant need to dispose of these lubricants, it would be better to
remove them directly by contract haulinj rather than to combine
1586
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the lubricants with wastewater streams and remove them later.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Refractory Metals Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage.
Leakage of extrusion press hydraulic fluid was observed at one
sampled plant. The BPT discharge allowance is based on the
production normalized discharge flow for this operation, 1,190
1/kkg (285 gal/ton).
Forging
Forging is performed at approximately 10 refractory metals
forming plants. The following information is available for these
plants:
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 3 plants, 4
operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 2.
No lubricants or contact cooling water was reported to be used at
over five plants.
Refractory Metals Forging Spent Lubricants. No lubricants are
discharged from the four operations for which lubricant was
reported. The only loss is due to evaporation and drag-out.
Should a plant find the need to dispose of these lubricants, it
would be better to remove the lubricants directly by contract
hauling and not to discharge the stream than to combine the
lubricants with wastewater streams and remove them later.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Refractory Metals Forging Contact Cooling Water. Flow data were
provided for one operation. None of the contact cooling water in
this operation is recycled. The BPT discharge allowance is the
production normalized water use from this one operation, 323
1/kkg (77.5 gal/ton).
Metal Powder Production
Metal powder production operations are performed at approximately
46 refractory metal forming plants. The following information is
available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations generating metal powder
production wastewater: 3 plants, 5 operations
Number of plants and operations generating floorwash wastewater:
2.
No process wastewater is generated from metal powder production
operations at approximately 40 plants.
Refractory Metals Metal Powder Production Wastewater. None of
the operations practice any recycle of the metal powder produc-
tion wastewater. No wastewater is discharged from two operations
since it evaporates in drying operations. The BPT regulatory
flow of 281 1/kkg (67.3 gal/ton) is based on the median produc-
tion normalized water use for five operations which discharge.
1587
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The median is believed to be a better representation of the
current typical watei use for this operation than the average
(arithmetic mean) because of the large range of reported produc-
tion normalized water uses (37.1 1/kkg to 34,500 1/kkg).
Refractory Metals Metal Powder Production Floorwash Wastewater.
The floorwash wastewater is completely recycled by one plant
while at the other plant the wastewater is contract hauled.
Since neither plant which generates the waste stream reported
discharging it, there shall be no discharge from this waste
stream.
Refractory Metals Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants. The
one plant which reported using metal powder pressing lubricants
achieves zero discharge of the lubricants through 100 percent
recycle. Therefore, the BPT flow allowance is zero.
Surface Treatment
Twelve plants supplied information on refractory metals surface
treatment operations.
Refractory Metals Surface Treatment Spent Baths. Flow data were
supplied for six of the 15 reported surface treatment baths. The
BPT regulatory flow of 389 1/kkg (93.3 gal/ton) is based on the
average production normalized discharge flow from the six opera-
tions .
Refractory Metals Surface Treatment Rinse. Fourteen surface
treatment rinse operations were reported. Two-stage counter-
current cascade rinsing is practiced at two of the operations.
No flow reduction techniques were reported for the other 12
operations. Discharge data were available for the two
countercurrent cascade rinses and four non-cascaded rinse opera-
tions. The BPT flow of 121,000 1/kkg (29,100 gal/ton) is based
on the average production normalized water use from the four non-
cascaded rinse operations. The countercurrent cascade rinse
operations were not included in the flow calculation since
countercurrent cascade rinsing is a BAT technology, and does not
represent current typical water use for this operation.
Alkaline Cleaning
Fourteen plants supplied information on alkaline cleaning opera-
tions. A total of 14 alkaline cleaning baths and 18 alkaline
cleaning rinses were reported.
Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. Flow data were
available for three of the 14 reported alkaline cleaning baths.
The BPT regulatory flow of 334 1/kkg (80.2 gal/ton) is based on
the average production normalized discharge flow from the three
operations.
Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Flow data were
available for 11 rinse operat'',ns. No flow reduction practices
1588
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(countercurrent cascade rinsing, recycle, etc.) were reported for
any of these operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 816,000
1/kkg (196,000 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalized water use from the 11 operations.
Molten Salt Treatment
Refractory Metals Molten Salt Rinse. Five plants reported a
total of six molten salt rinse operations. No flow reduction
practices were reported for five of the operations. In one
operation, a decreased flow rate is used to significantly reduce
the discharge of molten salt rinse. Flow data were available for
five of the six operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 6,330
1/kkg (1,520 gal/ton) is based on the ave.rage production
normalized water use from the five operations.
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Refractory Metals Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater. Seven
plants reported generating wastewater from 10 tumbling and
burnishing operations. No flow reduction practices were reported
for any of these operations. Flow data were supplied for eight
of the operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 12,500 1/kkg
(3,000 gal/ton) is based on the median production normalized
water use from the eight operations. The median is believed to
be a better representation of the current typical water use for
this operation than the average because of the large range of
production normalized water uses (953 1/kkg to 666,000 1/kkg).
Sawing or Grinding
Thirteen plants reported generating wastewater from sawing or
grinding operations. The following information is available from
these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 3
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 8
plants, 16 operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 5
plants, 8 operations
Number of plants and operations using a rinse: 2.
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils. No dis-
charge information was reported for one operation. Spent neat
oils are contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-site in
the other two operations. Since neat oils are pure oil streams,
with no water fraction, it is better to remove the oil directly
by contract hauling and not to discharge the stream than to
commingle the oil with water streams and remove it later.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. The spent
emulsions from six operations are contract hauled; emulsions are
completely recycled in one operation; the only loss of emulsions
from three operations is through drag-out or consumption.
1589
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Discharge data were available for four operations. The average
production normalized discharge flow from the four operations is
the BPT discharge allowance, 297 1/kkg (71.1 gal/ton).
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. Zero
discharge is achieved in three operations through 100 percent
recycle; in one operation 80 percent of the cooling water is
recycled; in another operation cooling water is only periodically
discharged; no recycle is practiced in three operations. The BPT
regulatory flow of 24,300 1/kkg (5,820 gal/ton) is based on the
average production normalized water use from the four operations
where water use data were available.
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Rinse. No recycle or other
flow reduction practices are used in either of the two reported
rinse operations. Flow data were provided for one operation.
The BPT flow of 135 1/kkg (32.5 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized water use for this operation.
Product Testing
Refractory Metals Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater. Wastewater
from a dye penetrant testing operation was observed at one
sampled plant. The BPT discharge allowance is the production
normalized discharge flow for this operation, 77.6 1/kkg (18.6
gal/ton).
Equipment Cleaning
Refractory Metals Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. Three plants
reported generating wastewater from cleaning various equipment
such as spray driers, forging presses, ring rollers, tools, and
wet abrasive saw areas. A total of six equipment cleaning
operations were reported. In one operation, zero discharge is
achieved by completely recycling the cleaning wastewater. The
BPT regulatory flow of 1,360 1/kkg (326 gal/ton) is based on the
median production normalized discharge flow from the six opera-
tions. The six production normalized discharge flows included in
the median calculation include five non-zero discharge flows and
the zero discharge flow from the operation practicing 100 percent
recycle. The median is believed to be a better representation of
the current typical water use for this operation than the average
because of the large range of production normalized discharge
flows (0 1/kkg to 21,140 1/kkg).
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Refractory Metals Miscellaneous Wastewater. Miscellaneous
wastewater streams identified in this subcategory include waste-
water from a post oil coating dip rinse, a quench of extrusion
tools, and spent emulsions from grinding the stainless steel
rolls used in refractory metals rolling operations. The BPT
discharge allowance is 345 1/kkg (83.0 gal/ton), 10 percent of
the one reported production normalized discharge flow. This
1590
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discharge is a free flowing tool quench which can be 90 percent
flow reduced by recycling it through a holding tank.
Degreasing
Refractory Metals Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number
of surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have
process wastewater streams associated with the operation.
Because most plants practice solvent degreasing without waste-
water discharge, the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater
is an appropriate discharge limitation.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Refractory Metals Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown.
In this subcategory, wet air pollution control devices are used
to control air emissions from metal powder production, surface
treatment, surface coating, and sawing and grinding operations.
The use of wet air pollution control devices was reported for a
total of nine operations. Scrubber water from one operation is
completely recycled with no discharge. In two other operations,
the discharge flow of scrubber water is reduced by recycling over
90 percent of the scrubber water. Water use data were available
for four operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 787 1/kkg (189
gal/ton) is based on 90 percent reduction of the average produc-
tion normalized water use from three of these operations. The
production normalized water use for one operation was over 175
times larger than the other values and was believed to be so
atypical of current typical water use that it was not included in
the regulatory flow calculation.
Deleted Waste Streams
Following proposal, the Agency received additional data and
conducted a review of all available data concerning wastewater
discharges. This review led to a reinterpretation of some data
reported prior to proposal. As a result, the following waste
streams included in the proposed regulation have been deleted
from the final regulation:
o Extrusion Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water,
o Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricant,
o Casting Contact Cooling Water, and
o Post-Casting Wash Water.
Data included under these waste streams at proposal have been
reclassified under other waste streams in this subcategory as
appropriate.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BPT are
copper, nickel, fluoride, molybdenum, oil and grease, total
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suspended solids and pH. The priority pollutants chromium, lead,
silver, and zinc, and the nonconventional pollutants columbium,
tantalum, tungsten, and vanadium are not specifically regulated
under BPT for the reasons explained in Section X. The basis for
regulating oil and grease, total suspended solids, and pH under
BPT was discussed earlier in this section. The basis for
regulating copper, nickel, fluoride, and molybdenum is discussed
below.
Copper is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in nine of 25 raw wastewater samples. Copper was
present at treatable concentrations in extrusion press hydraulic
fluid leakage, surface treatment spent baths, surface treatment
rinse, alkaline cleaning spent baths, tumbling and burnishing
wastewater, and sawing or grinding contact cooling water.
Nickel is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 13 of 25 raw wastewater samples. Nickel was
found at treatable concentrations in all wastewater streams
listed in the previous paragraph for copper. It was also present
at treatable concentrations in molten salt rinse and dye
penetrant testing wastewater.
Fluoride is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in seven of 21 raw wastewater samples.
Fluoride was present at treatable concentrations in surface
treatment rinse, alkaline cleaning spent baths, molten salt
rinse, and wet air pollution control blowdown.
Molybdenum is selected for regulation since it was present at
treatable concentrations in five of 25 raw wastewater samples and
it is one of the metals formed in this subcategory. Molybdenum
is specifically regulated under BPT because it will not be
adequately removed by the technology (lime and settle) required
for the removal of the regulated priority metal pollutants,
copper and nickel. The addition of iron to a lime and settle
system (i.e., iron coprecipitation) is necessary for effective
removal of molybdenum. Regulation of priority metals only is not
sufficient to ensure the removal of molybdenum from refractory
metals forming wastewater.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the refractory metals forming
subcategory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary,
specifically chemical emulsion breaking and oil skimming. The
effluent from preliminary treatment is combined with other
wastewater for common oil skimming, iron coprecipitation, and
lime and settle treatment. Waste streams potentially needing
preliminary treatment are listed in Table IX-5. Figure IX-1
presents a schematic of the general BPT treatment train for the
nonferrous metals forming category.
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Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-19 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and
regulated pollutants in the refractory metals forming subcategory
are summarized in Table IX-20. Although no limitations have been
established for columbium, tantalum, tungsten, and vanadium,
Table IX-20 includes mass discharge limitations for these
pollutants which are attainable using the BPT model technology.
These limitations are presented for the guidance of permit
writers. Only daily maximum limitations are presented for
columbium, tantalum, and vanadium, based on the detection limits
of 0.12, 0.46, and 0.10 mg/1, respectively. Lime and settle
treatment was determined to remove these pollutants to below
their level of analytical quantification. The attainable monthly
average discharge is expected to be lower than the one-day
maximum limitation, but since it would be impossible to monitor
for compliance with a lower level, no monthly average has been
presented.
The limitations table lists all the pollutants which were consid-
ered for regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked
with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control in relation to the effluent reduction benefits. BPT
costs and benefits are tabulated along with BAT costs and bene-
fits in Section X. As shown in Table X-7 (page xxxx), the appli-
cation of BPT to the total refractory metals forming subcategory
will remove approximately 183,300 kg/yr (403,260 lbs/yr) of
pollutants including 54 kg/yr (119 lbs/yr) of toxic metals. As
shown in Table X-l xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual
costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $1,117 million and
$0,582 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-17
(page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct dischargers only
will remove approximately 24,220 kg/yr (53,285 lbs/yr) of
pollutants. As shown in Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding
capital and annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are
$87,000 and $44,000 per year, respectively. The Agency concludes
that these pollutant removals justify the costs incurred by
plants in this subcategory.
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
titanium forming subcategory include rolling, drawing, extrusion,
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forging, tube reducing, heat treatment, surface treatment,
alkaline cleaning, molten salt treatment, tumbling, sawing,
grinding, product testing, degreasing and various miscellaneous
operations. The wet scrubbers used for air pollution control at
some plants are also a source of process wastewater. Water use
practices, wastewater streams, and wastewater discharge flows
from these operations were discussed in Section V. This informa-
tion provided the basis for development of the BPT regulatory
flow allowances summarized in Table IX-21. The following para-
graphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow allowances for each
waste stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at 16 plants in the titanium forming subcat-
egory. The following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 2
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 4.
No lubricants or contact cooling water were reported to be used
at approximately 10 plants.
Titanium Rolling Spent Neat Oils. No neat oils are discharged
from either of the operations reporting the use of this lubri-
cant. As previously discussed, should a plant need to dispose of
this stream, it would be better to remove the neat oils directly
by contract hauling and not to discharge them than to commingle
the neat oils with wastewater streams and remove them later using
an oil-water separation process. Therefore, this waste stream
should not be discharged.
Titanium Rolling Contact Cooling Water. Reliable flow data were
only available for one of the four rolling operations which use
contact cooling water. No recycle is practiced in this opera-
tion. The BPT flow of 4,880 1/kkg (1,170 gal/ton) is based on
the production normalized water use for the operation.
Drawing
Drawing is performed at six titanium forming plants. Two plants
reported using neat oil lubricants in a total of two operations.
No lubricants were reported to be used at the other four plants.
Titanium Drawing Spent Neat Oils. Spent neat oils from both
operations reporting the use of this lubricant are contract
hauled to treatment and disposal off-site. It is better to
handle the neat oils in this manner rather than to commingle them
with wastewater streams and then remove them later using an oil-
water separation process. Therefore, this waste stream should
not be discharged.
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at nine plants in this subcategory. The
following information is available from these plants:
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Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 5
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 1
Number of plants and operations with hydraulic fluid leakage: 1
Three plants did not report the use of lubricants or hydraulic
fluid leakage.
Titanium Extrusion Spent Neat Oils. Neat oils are not discharged
from any of the five extrusion operations using a neat oil
lubricant. The only loss of neat oil is through evaporation and
drag-out. Should a plant from these operations need to dispose
of this stream, it would be better to remove the neat oils
directly by contract hauling rather than to combine them with
wastewater streams and remove them later by oil-water separation.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Titanium Extrusion Spent Emulsions. One plant reported discharg-
ing spent emulsion lubricants from an extrusion operation. No
recycle of the emulsion is practiced in this operation. The BPT
regulatory flow of 71.9 1/kkg (17.2 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from the operation.
Titanium Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. The BPT
regulatory flow of 178 1/kkg (42.8 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from the only plant which
reported this stream.
Forging
Forging is performed at 32 titanium forming plants. The follow-
ing information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 7 plants, 8
operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 4
Number of plants and operations with equipment cleaning
wastewater: 1 plant, 2 operations
Number of plants and operations with hydraulic fluid leakage: 2.
Over 20 plants from this subcategory reported that no waste
streams were generated from forging operations.
Titanium Forging Spent Lubricants. The lubricants in seven of
the eight operations are consumed during forging and the lubri-
cants from the other operation are contract hauled. The forging
lubricants are typically neat oils. As discussed previously, it
is better to remove neat oils directly by contract hauling and
not to discharge the stream rather than to commingle them with
wastewater streams and then remove them later by oil-water
separation. Therefore, this waste stream should not be
discharged.
Titanium Forging Contact Cooling Water. Flow information is
available for three of the four forging operations which use
contact cooling water. In one operation 95 percent of the
cooling water is recycled; no recycle is practiced for the other
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two operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 2,000 1/kkg (479
gal/ton) is based on tha average production normalized water use
for the three operations.
Titanium Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. No recycle is
practiced for either of the two reported equipment cleaning
operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 40.0 1/kkg (9.60 gal/ton)
is based on the average production normalized discharge flow from
the two operations.
Titanium Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. Flow data are
available for one of the forging operations where hydraulic fluid
leakage was reported. The BPT regulatory flow of 1,010 1/kkg
(242 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized discharge
flow from this operation.
Tube Reducing
Titanium Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants. One of the lubricants
used in reducing titanium tubes is a neat oil. Since neat oils
contain no water, the Agency believes that it is better to haul
the oil directly and not to commingle it with wastewater streams
only to remove it later. Other titanium tube reducing lubricants
are emulsions. A tube reducing emulsion was sampled at a nickel
forming plant. Analysis of the sampled tube reducing lubricant
showed treatable concentrations of N-nitrosodiphenylamine, a
toxic organic pollutant with potentially carcinogenic properties.
If one nitrosamine compound is present in this wastewater source
then there are likely to be other compounds or other nitrosamine
compounds could be formed as this compound most likely was in the
presence of precursors, under the conditions created by the tube
reducing process. Therefore, there shall be no discharge of
titanium tube reducing lubricant.
Heat Treatment
Ten plants reported using contact cooling water in 10 heat
treatment operations.
Titanium Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. No BPT discharge
allowance is provided for this stream. The zero discharge
allowance is based on 100 percent reuse of this wastewater,
either as heat treatment contact cooling water or in other
processes present at the titanium forming plant. Analysis of a
similar nickel forming waste stream, "Annealing and Solution Heat
Treatment Contact Cooling Water," indicated that the wastewater
did not contain any treatable concentrations of pollutants.
Therefore, reuse of the wastewater is possible. Furthermore,
reuse of nickel annealing and solution heat treatment contact
cooling water is demonstrated at three plants. Because titanium
heat treatment contact cooling water contains pollutants at
concentrations similar to nickel annealing and solution heat
treatment contact cooling water (since the processes are simi-
lar), there is no discharge allowance for titanium heat treatment
contact cooling based on the reuse of this wastewater stream.
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Surface Treatment
Twenty-one plants reported information on surface treatment
operations. A total of 32 surface treatment baths and 29 surface
treatment rinse operations were reported.
Titanium Surface Treatment Spent Baths. Flow data were available
for 21 baths which are either discharged or contract hauled. The
BPT regulatory flow of 208 1/kkg (49.9 gal/ton) is based on the
median production normalized discharge flow of the 21 baths. The
median is believed to be a better representation of the current
discharge from this operation than the average because of the
large range of reported production normalized discharge flows
(1.71 1/kkg to 1,310 1/kkg).
Titanium Surface Treatment Rinse. Countercurrent cascade rinsing
is not practiced in any of the rinse operations. In one
operation 40 percent of the rinse is recycled while rinsewater is
only periodically discharged from five operations. The BPT
regulatory flow of 29,200 1/kkg (7,000 gal/ton) is based on the
average of 16 of 19 reported production normalized rinse
application rates. Three reported values were not used to
calculate the average because they are much larger than the other
values. Therefore, the Agency does not believe that these
outlying values are representative of current typical water use
for this operation.
Alkaline Cleaning
Six plants supplied information on alkaline cleaning operations.
All six plants discharge spent cleaning baths and rinse.
Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. Flow data were available
for seven of the eight reported baths. The BPT regulatory flow
of 240 1/kkg (57.5 gal/ton) is the median production normalized
discharge flow of the seven reported wastewater discharges. The
median is believed to be a better representation of the current
typical discharge for this operation than the average because of
the large range of reported production normalized discharge flows
(52.1 1/kkg to 9,810 1/kkg).
Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Flow data were available for
six of the seven reported rinse operations. No recycle or other
flow reduction practices were used in any of these operations.
The BPT regulatory flow of 2,760 1/kkg (663 gal/ton) is based on
the median production normalized water use from four operations.
Two operations with very high flows were not included in the
calculation. Both of these very high flows came from operations
described as "Free-Flowing Rinses." Because this is the least
efficient type of rinsing, in terms of water use, the two
operations were excluded from the determination of current
typical practice used for the BPT allowance. The median is
believed to be a better representation of the current typical
water use for this operation than the average (arithmetic mean)
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because of the large range of rinse flows even after excluding
the two high values (348 1/kkg to 82,300 1/kkg).
Molten Salt Treatment
Titanium Molten Salt Rinse. One plant reported generating rinse
from a molten salt treatment operation. The BPT regulatory flow
of 955 1/kkg (229 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized
discharge flow from this operation.
Tumbling
Titanium Tumbling Wastewater. One plant reported generating
wastewater from a titanium tumbling operation. The wastewater
from this operation is discharged on a once-through basis. The
BPT discharge flow of 790 1/kkg (189 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized water use for this operation.
Sawing or Grinding
Thirteen plants reported generating wastewater from sawing or
grinding operations. The following information is available from
these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 2
Number of plants and operations using emulsions and synthetic
coolants: 11 plants, 19 operations
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 1.
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils. In one operation,
the only loss of neat oils occurs through evaporation and drag-
out. Spent neat oils from the other operation are contract
hauled to treatment and disposal off-site. It is better to
remove neat oils directly by contract hauling than to commingle
the oils with wastewater streams only to remove them later using
an oil-water separation process. Therefore, this waste stream
should not be discharged.
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions and Synthetic Cool-
ants . In this subcategory, these lubricants are either
completely recycled with no discharge or recycled with periodic
batch discharges. The lubricants in four operations are com-
pletely recycled with no discharge. In four other operations the
only loss of lubricant is through evaporation and drag-out.
Lubricant is periodically dumped from seven operations. Flow
data were available for six of the operations which discharge
spent emulsions and synthetic coolants. Recycle with periodic
batch discharges is practiced in four of these operations while
no recycle is used for the other two operations. The BPT regula-
tory flow of 183 1/kkg (43.8 gal/ton) is based on the average
production normalized discharge flow from these six operations.
The four recycle operations were included in the calculation
since recycle is current typical industry practice.
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Titanium Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. The use of
contact cooling water was reported for only one operation.
Cooling water is discharged on a once-through basis from this
operation. The BPT regulatory flow of 4,760 1/kkg (1,140
gal/ton) is based on the production normalized water use for this
operation.
Product Testing
Titanium Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater. Wastewater is gener-
ated from six dye penetrant testing operations. Flow data are
available for two of these operations. The BPT regulatory flow
of 1,120 1/kkg (268 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalized discharge flow from these two operations.
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Titanium Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources. Miscellaneous waste-
water sources identified in this subcategory include wastewater
from cleaning tools, hydrotesting wastewater, and spillage from
an abrasive saw area. Discharge data were only available for the
tool cleaning and hydrotesting operations. The BPT regulatory
flow of 32.4 1/kkg (7.77 gal/ton) is based on the production
normalized discharge flow from the tool cleaning operation.
Hydrotesting wastewater is not included in the basis because the
Agency believes that hydrotesting wastewater should not be
discharged, but should be reused for hydrotesting or other
forming operations.
Degreasing
Titanium Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number of
surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have process
wastewater streams associated with the operation. Because most
plants practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge,
the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is an appropri-
ate discharge limitation.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Titanium Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown. Titanium forming
plants reported using wet air pollution control devices to
control air emissions from forging and surface treatment opera-
tions. Ninety percent or greater recycle of the scrubber water
is practiced by five of the 14 reported operations and only
periodic batch discharges were reported for another operation.
Scrubber water is discharged on a once-through basis from five
operations. No flow data are available for the remaining three
operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 2,140 1/kkg (514 gal/ton)
is based on the median production normalized water use from the
11 operations for which water use data were available. The
median is believed to be a better representation of the current
typical water use than the average (arithmetic mean) because of
the large range of production normalized water uses from the 11
operations (88.1 1/kkg to 554,000 1/kkg).
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Deleted Waste Streams
Titanium Cold Rolling Spent Lubricants. Following proposal, the
Agency received additional data and conducted a review of all
available data concerning wastewater discharges in this subcate-
gory. This review led to a reinterpretation of some data
reported prior to proposal. As a result, the Cold Rolling Spent
Lubricant waste stream included in the proposed regulation for
this subcategory has been deleted from the final regulation. All
data included under Cold Rolling Spent Lubricants at proposal,
have been reclassified under other waste streams in this subcate-
gory for the final regulation.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they have
been considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BPT are lead, zinc, cyanide, ammonia, fluoride, oil and grease,
total suspended solids, and pH. The priority metals chromium,
copper, and nickel, and the nonconventional pollutant titanium
are not specifically regulated under BPT for the reasons
explained in Section X. The basis for regulating oil and grease,
total suspended solids and pH under BPT was discussed earlier in
this section. The basis for regulating lead, zinc, cyanide,
ammonia, and fluoride is discussed below.
Lead is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 18 of 21 raw wastewater samples. Lead was
present at treatable concentrations in all raw wastewater streams
in which it was analyzed. These streams are rolling contact
cooling water, surface treatment spent baths, surface treatment
rinse, molten salt rinse, tumbling wastewater, dye penetrant
testing wastewater, wet air pollution control blowdown and sawing
or grinding spent emulsions and synthetic coolants.
Zinc is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 10 of 21 raw wastewater samples. Zinc was
present at treatable concentrations in seven of the eight raw
wastewater streams in which it was analyzed.
Cyanide is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in rolling contact cooling water, tumbling
wastewater, dye penetrant testing wastewater, and sawing or
grinding spent emulsions and synthetic coolants. Preliminary
cyanide precipitation is needed to remove this pollutant from
wastewater. Therefore, regulation of cyanide is appropriate for
the titanium forming subcategory.
Ammonia is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in surface treatment rinse and tumbling
wastewater. Preliminary ammonia steam stripping is needed to
remove ammonia from these wastewaters. Therefore, regulation of
ammonia is appropriate for the titanium forming subcategory.
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Fluoride is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in 17 of 22 raw wastewater samples and seven
of the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the titanium forming subcate-
gory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary, specifi-
cally chemical emulsion breaking and oil skimming, cyanide
precipitation, and ammonia steam stripping. The effluent from
preliminary treatment is combined with other wastewater for
common treatment by oil skimming and lime and settle. Waste
streams potentially needing preliminary treatment are listed in
Table IX-6. Figure IX-1 presents a schematic of the general
treatment train for the nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-21 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and regu-
lated pollutants in the titanium forming subcategory are summa-
rized in Table IX-22. Although no limitations have been
established for titanium, Table IX-22 includes titanium mass
discharge limitations attainable using the BPT model technology.
These limitations are presented as guidance for permit writers.
This limitation table lists all the pollutants which were consid-
ered for regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked
with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control in relation to the effluent reduction benefits. BPT
costs and benefits are tabulated along with BAT costs and bene-
fits in Section X. As shown in Table X-8 (page xxxx), the appli-
cation of BPT to the total titanium forming subcategory will
remove approximately 350,650 kg/yr (771,430 lbs/yr) of pollu-
tants, including 300 kg/yr (660 lbs/yr) of toxic metals. As
shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $2,879 million and $2,571
million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-18 (page
xxxx), the application of BPT to direct dischargers only will
remove approximately 105,460 kg/yr (232,010 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 90 kg/yr (200 lbs/yr) of toxic metals. As shown in
Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $2,238 million and $2,261
million per year, respectively. The Agency concludes that these
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pollutant removals justify the costs incurred by plants in this
subcategory.
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
uranium forming subcategory include extrusion, forging, heat
treatment, surface treatment, sawing, grinding, area cleaning,
drum washing, on-site laundries, and degreasing. The wet scrub-
bers used for air pollution control at some plants are also a
source of process wastewater. Water use practices, wastewater
streams, and wastewater discharge flows from these operations
were discussed in Section V. This information provided the basis
for development of the BPT regulatory flow allowances summarized
in Table IX-23. The following paragraphs discuss the basis for
the BPT flow allowances for each waste stream.
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at one uranium forming plant. The follow-
ing information was reported on extrusion operations by this
plant:
Number of operations: 1
Number of operations using lubricants: 1
Number of operations using contact cooling water: 1.
Uranium Extrusion Spent Lubricants. No lubricants are discharged
from the one uranium extrusion operation where their use was
reported. Extrusion lubricants are typically neat oils. Should
a uranium forming plant need to dispose of a spent neat oil
stream, it would be better to remove the stream directly by
contract hauling rather than to commingle the oil with wastewater
streams only to remove it later using an oil-water separation
process. Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Uranium Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water. One plant reported
using contact cooling water to quench extrusion tools. No
recycle is practiced for this operation. The BPT discharge
allowance is the production normalized water use from the opera-
tion, 344 1/kkg (82.5 gal/ton).
Forging
The following information was reported on forging operations in
this subcategory:
Number of plants: 1
Number of operations: 1
Number of operations using lubricants: 1.
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Uranium Forging Spent Lubricants. No lubricants are discharged
from the only reported forging operation. The only loss of
lubricant from this operation is due to evaporation and drag-out.
Forging lubricants are typically neat oils. As previously
discussed, should a plant need to dispose of the oil, it would be
better to remove the oil directly by contract hauling rather than
to commingle it with other wastewaters only to remove it later
using an oil-water separation process. Therefore, this waste
stream should not be discharged.
Heat Treatment
Two plants reported using contact cooling water in a total of
five heat treatment operations.
Uranium Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. In three opera-
tions, the cooling water is periodically batch discharged. The
cooling water is discharged on a once-through basis from two
operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 1,900 1/kkg (455 gal/ton)
is based on the average production normalized water use from
these two operations.
Surface Treatment
All three uranium forming plants provided information on surface
treatment operations. Three surface treatment baths and two
surface treatment rinse operations were reported.
Uranium Surface Treatment Spent Baths. Flow data were available
for one of the three surface treatment bath operations. The BPT
regulatory flow of 27.2 1/kkg (6.52 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from this bath.
Uranium Surface Treatment Rinse. Flow data were available for
each of the two reported rinse operations. Although neither
countercurrent cascade rinsing nor recycle is practiced in either
rinse operation, water use for both operations is low, indicating
conservative water use. The BPT regulatory flow of 337 1/kkg
(80.9 gal/ton) is based on the average production normalized
discharge flow from the two operations.
Sawing or Grinding
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. Lubricating emul-
sions are used in three operations. In all three operations,
spent emulsions are periodically discharged. Discharge flow data
were available for two of the operations. The BPT regulatory
flow of 5.68 1/kkg (1.36 gal/ton) is based on the average produc-
tion normalized discharge flow from the two operations.
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. One plant
reported using contact cooling water to quench parts following a
shear cutting operation. No information on recycle or other flow
reduction practices was reported for this operation. The BPT
regulatory flow of 1,650 1/kkg (395 gal/ton) is based on the
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production normalized discharge flow from the quenching opera-
tion.
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Rinse. One plant reported using a
stagnant rinse after a sawing operation. The stagnant rinse is
periodically discharged. The BPT regulatory flow is the produc-
tion normalized discharge flow from the stagnant rinse, 4.65
1/kkg (1.12 gal/ton).
Area Cleaning
Uranium Area Cleaning Wastewater. One plant reported discharging
wastewater from cleanup operations in three different areas of
the plant. The BPT regulatory flow of 42.9 1/kkg (10.3 gal/ton)
is based on the average production normalized discharge flow from
the three cleanup operations.
Degreasing
Uranium Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number of
surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have process
wastewater streams associated with the operation. Because most
plants practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge,
the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is an appropri-
ate discharge limitation.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Uranium Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown. Two plants reported
using wet air pollution control scrubber devices to control air
emissions from surface treatment operations. No wastewater is
discharged from one scrubber operation. Wastewater is only
periodically discharged from the other operation. The BPT
regulatory flow of 3.49 1/kkg (0.836 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from this operation.
Drum Wash
Uranium Drum Washwater. One plant reported washing solid waste
drums before they were contract hauled to off-site disposal. The
BPT regulatory flow of 44.3 1/kkg (10.6 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from this operation.
Laundry
Uranium Laundry Washwater. Wastewater from the on-site launder-
ing of employee uniforms is generated at one plant. The Agency
established the normalizing parameter for this building block as
the number of employees, not a unit of production. The BPT
regulatory flow of 52.4 1/employee-day (12.6 gal/employee-day) is
based on the water use for the one reported operation.
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Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they have
been considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BPT are cadmium, total chromium, copper, nickel, fluoride,
molybdenum, oil and grease, total suspended solids, and pH. The
priority pollutants lead and zinc, and the nonconventional
pollutants uranium and radium-226 are not specifically regulated
for the reasons explained in Section X. The basis for regulating
oil and grease, total suspended solids, and pH under BPT was
discussed earlier in this section. The basis for regulating
cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, fluoride, and molybdenum is
discussed below.
Cadmium is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in seven of 14 raw wastewater samples and
four of the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was ana-
lyzed. Treatable concentrations of cadmium were found in surface
treatment spent baths, surface treatment rinse, area cleaning
wastewater and sawing, grinding spent emulsions.
Total chromium is selected for regulation since it was present at
treatable concentrations in seven of 14 raw wastewater samples
and five of the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was
analyzed. Treatable concentrations of total chromium were found
in heat treatment contact cooling water, surface treatment spent
baths, surface treatment rinse, area cleaning wastewater and
sawing or grinding spent emulsions. Total chromium includes both
the trivalent and hexavalent forms of chromium. Only the tri-
valent form is effectively removed by lime and settle technology.
Hexavalent chromium, which may be present in wastewaters such as
surface treatment spent baths and surface treatment rinse, must
be reduced to the trivalent form by preliminary chromium
reduction treatment in order to meet the limitation on total
chromium in this subcategory. Therefore, regulation of total
chromium is appropriate for the uranium forming subcategory.
Copper is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 10 of 14 raw wastewater samples and six of the
eight raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed. Copper
was found at treatable concentrations in all of the waste streams
listed in the previous paragraph for chromium, and it was also
present at treatable concentrations in drum washwater.
Lead is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in 13 of 14 raw wastewater samples and seven of
the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed. Lead
was found at treatable concentrations in all of the waste streams
listed in the previous paragraph for chromium, and it was also
present at treatable concentrations in drum washwater and surface
treatment wet air pollution control blowdown.
Nickel is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in eight of 14 raw wastewater samples and four of
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the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed.
Treatable concentrations of nickel were present in heat treatment
contact cooling water, surface treatment spent baths, surface
treatment rinse, and area cleaning wastewater.
Fluoride is selected for regulation since it was present at
treatable concentrations in one of 14 raw wastewater samples and
one of eight raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed.
Fluoride is specifically regulated under BPT because it will not
be adequately removed by the technology (lime and settle)
required for the removal of the regulated priority metals pollu-
tants, copper and nickel.
Molybdenum is selected for regulation since it was present at
treatable concentrations in three of 14 raw wastewater samples
and two of the eight raw wastewater streams in which it was
analyzed. Molybdenum is specifically regulated under BPT because
it will not be adequately removed by the technology (lime and
settle) required for the removal of the regulated priority metal
pollutants, copper and nickel. The addition of iron to a lime
and settle system (i.e., iron coprecipitation) is necessary for
efficient removal of molybdenum. Regulation of priority metals
only is not sufficient to ensure the removal of molybdenum from
uranium forming wastewater.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the uranium forming subcategory
consists of preliminary treatment when necessary, specifically
chromium reduction, and chemical emulsion breaking and oil
skimming. The effluent from preliminary treatment is combined
with other wastewater for common treatment by oil skimming, iron
coprecipitation, and lime and settle. Waste streams potentially
needing preliminary treatment are listed in Table IX-7. Figure
IX-1 presents a schematic of the general BPT treatment train for
the nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-23 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and regu-
lated pollutants in the uranium forming subcategory are summa-
rized in Table IX-24. Although no limitations have been
established for uranium, Table IX-24 includes uranium mass
discharge limitations attainable using the BPT model technology.
These limitations are presented for the guidance of permit
writers. The limitations table lists all the pollutants which
were considered for regulation. Those specifically regulated are
marked with an asterisk.
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Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-9 (page xxxx), the application
of BPT to the total uranium forming subcategory will remove
approximately 23,100 kg/yr (50,820 lbs/yr) of pollutants includ-
ing 46 kg/yr (100 lbs/yr) of toxic pollutants. The application
of BPT to direct dischargers will remove the same amount of
pollutants since all uranium forming plants are direct discharg-
ers. Since there are only two plants in this subcategory, total
subcategory and direct discharger capital and annual costs will
not be reported in this document in order to protect confidenti-
ality claims. The Agency concludes that the pollutant removals
justify the costs incurred by plants in this subcategory.
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
zinc forming subcategory include rolling, drawing, direct chill
casting, stationary casting, annealing heat treatment, surface
treatment, alkaline cleaning, sawing, grinding, degreasing, and
electroplating. Water use practices, wastewater streams, and
wastewater discharge flows from these operations were discussed
in Section V. This information provided the basis for develop-
ment of the BPT regulatory flow allowances summarized in Table
IX-25. The following paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT
flow allowances for each waste stream.
Rolling
Rolling is performed at four zinc forming plants. The following
information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using neat oil lubricant: 1
Number of plants and operations using emulsion lubricant: 3
Number of plants and operations using contact cooling water: 1
plant, 2 operations.
Zinc Rolling Spent Neat Oils. The one rolling operation that
uses a neat oil lubricant does not discharge any of the lubri-
cant. Drag-out on the product surface accounts for the only
loss. Should the plant ever need to dispose the neat oil, it
would be better to remove the oil directly by contract hauling
and not to discharge the stream. Therefore, this waste stream
should not be discharged.
Zinc Rolling Spent Emulsions. The spent emulsion from one of the
three operations is applied to land; the spent emulsion from
another operation is contract hauled; and the spent emulsion from
the third operation is treated on-site and the water fraction is
completely reused. As discussed previously for rolling spent
emulsions in the lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory, spent
1607
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emulsions are often treated on-site and the water discharged
(with the oil fract:on contract hauled). Therefore, EPA is
providing a discharge allowance. The BPT discharge allowance is
1.39 1/kkg (0.334 gal/ton), the only reported production
normalized flow.
Zinc Rolling Contact Cooling Water. Flow data were available for
two of the three rolling operations where the use of contact
cooling water was reported. Contact cooling water is discharged
on a once-through basis from both operations. The BPT regulatory
flow of 536 1/kkg (129 gal/ton) is based on the average produc-
tion normalized water use from the two operations.
Drawing
Drawing is performed at seven plants in this subcategory. Four
plants reported the use of emulsion lubricants in a total of four
drawing operations.
Zinc Drawing Spent Emulsions. The spent emulsion from two of the
four operations is contract hauled and the spent emulsion from
two operations is treated on-site and the water fraction is dis-
charged. Flow data were available for one of the four opera-
tions. The BPT regulatory flow of 5.80 1/kkg (1.39 gal/ton) is
based on the production normalized discharge flow from this
operation.
Casting
Casting is performed at six zinc forming plants. The following
information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations with direct chill casting using
contact cooling water: 2
Number of plants and operations with stationary casting using
contact cooling water: 1
Number of plants and operations with continuous casting: 2
Number dry: 2.
Zinc Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water. The contact
cooling water from one operation is completely recycled with no
discharge; the contact cooling water from the other operation is
discharged with no recycle. The BPT discharge allowance is 505
1/kkg (121 gal/ton), the production normalized water use for the
one reported non-zero discharge operation.
Zinc Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water. The contact
cooling water in the one operation is completely evaporated.
Therefore, the BPT discharge allowance is zero.
Heat Treatment
The following information was reported on heat treatment opera-
tions in this subcategory:
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Number of plants: 1
Number of operations: 1
Number of operations using contact cooling water: 1.
Zinc Annealing Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. The contact
cooling water in the one operation is batch dumped daily. The
BPT discharge allowance is 763 1/kkg (183 gal/ton), the produc-
tion normalized discharge flow from the one operation.
Surface Treatment
Two plants provided information on zinc surface treatment opera-
tions. Four surface treatment baths and three surface treatment
rinse operations were reported.
Zinc Surface Treatment Spent Baths. Discharge flow data were
available for three of the four baths. The BPT discharge allow-
ance of 88.7 1/kkg (21.3 gal/ton) is based on the average produc-
tion normalized discharge flow from the three operations.
Zinc Surface Treatment Rinse. Neither countercurrent cascade
rinsing or recycle was reported for any of the three surface
treatment rinse operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 3,580
1/kkg is based on the average production normalized water use for
the three operations.
Alkaline Cleaning
Two plants supplied information on alkaline cleaning. At each
plant, an alkaline cleaning bath is followed by a rinse.
Zinc Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. The BPT regulatory flow of
3.55 1/kkg (0.850 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalized discharge flow from the two alkaline cleaning bath
operations.
Zinc Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Two stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing is utilized in one operation and spray rinsing is
practiced in the other operation. Both of these rinsing methods
reduce water use compared to traditional rinsing methods. The
BPT discharge flow of 1,690 1/kkg (405 gal/ton) is based on the
average production normalized discharge flow from the two opera-
tions .
Sawing or Grinding
Zinc Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. One plant provided
information on grinding zinc. An emulsion is used as a lubricant
in the grinding operation. The emulsion is completely recircu-
lated and periodically batch dumped. The BPT discharge allowance
is 23.8 1/kkg (5.71 gal/ton), the production normalized discharge
flow from the operation.
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Degreasing
Zinc Degreasing Spent Solvent. Only a small number of surveyed
plants with solvent degreasing operations have process wastewater
streams associated with the operation. Because most plants
practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge, the
Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is an appropriate
discharge limitation.
Electrocoating
Zinc Electrocoating Rinse. One plant reported discharging
wastewater from an electrocoating rinse operation. The BPT
discharge allowance of 2,290 1/kkg (550 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized water use for the rinse operation.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BPT are
total chromium, copper, zinc, cyanide, oil and grease, total
suspended solids, and pH. The priority pollutant nickel, listed
in Section VI as selected for further consideration, is not
specifically regulated under BPT for the reasons explained in
Section X. The basis for regulating oil and grease, total
suspended solids, and pH was discussed earlier in this section.
The basis for regulating total chromium, copper, zinc, and
cyanide is discussed below.
Total chromium is selected for regulation since it was found
above treatability in a surface treatment rinse sample and the
Agency believes it is also present at treatable concentrations in
surface treatment spent baths. Surface treatment baths and rinse
may contain the hexavalent form of chromium which must be reduced
by the trivalent form by preliminary chromium reduction before
mium is appropriate for this subcategory.
Copper is selected for regulation since the Agency believes that
treatable concentrations of copper may be present in raw waste-
water streams such as electrocoating rinse. In one electro-
coating operation reported in this subcategory, copper is plated
onto zinc. Therefore, the electrocoating rinse from this
operation is likely to contain treatable copper concentrations.
Zinc is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in both raw wastewater streams in which it was
analyzed and it is the metal being formed in this subcategory.
In addition, the Agency believes that other raw wastewater
streams may contain treatable zinc concentrations.
Cyanide is selected for regulation since it was found above its
treatable concentration in an alkaline cleaning rinse sample and
is a process chemical used in the electrocoating process.
Preli^; nary cyanide precipitation treatment is needed to remove
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cyanide from wastewater. Therefore, regulation of cyanide in the
zinc forming subcategory is appropriate.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the zinc forming subcategory
consists of preliminary treatment when necessary, specifically
chromium reduction, chemical emulsion breaking and oil skimming,
and cyanide precipitation. The effluent from preliminary treat-
ment is combined with other wastewater for common treatment by
oil skimming, and lime and settle. Waste streams potentially
needing preliminary treatment are listed in Table IX-8. Figure
IX-1 presents a schematic of the general BPT treatment train for
the nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-25 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and regu-
lated pollutants in the zinc forming subcategory are summarized
in Table IX-26. This limitations table lists all the pollutants
which were considered for regulation and those specifically
regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-10 (page xxxx), the applica-
tion of BPT to the total zinc forming subcategory will remove
approximately 308,260 kg/yr (678,170 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 262,210 kg/yr (576,860 lbs/yr) of toxic pollutants. As
shown in Table X-20 (page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct
dischargers only will remove approximately 307,400 kg/yr (676,280
lbs/yr) of pollutants including 262,150 kg/yr (576,730 lbs/yr) of
toxic pollutants. Since there is only one direct discharge plant
in this subcategory, total subcategory capital and annual costs
and direct discharger capital and annual costs will not be
reported in this document in order to protect confidentiality
claims. The Agency concludes that the pollutant removals justify
the costs incurred by plants in this subcategory.
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory include rolling, drawing,
extrusion, swaging, tube reducing, heat treatment, surface
treatment, alkaline cleaning, molten salt treatment, sawing,
grinding, product testing, and degreasing. The wet scrubbers
used for air pollution control at some plants are also a source
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of process wastewater. Water use practices, wastewater streams,
and wastewater discharge flows from these operations were dis-
cussed in Section V. This information provided the basis for
development of the BPT regulatory flow allowances summarized in
Table IX-27. The following paragraphs discuss the basis for the
BPT flow allowances for each waste stream.
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Rolling
Rolling is performed at seven plants in the zirconium-hafnium
forming subcategory. One plant reported using a lubricant in one
rolling operation.
Zirconium-Hafnium Rolling Spent Neat Oils. No neat oils are
discharged from the one operation. Should the plant ever find
the need to dispose the neat oil, it would be better to remove
the oil directly by contract hauling rather than to commingle the
oil with wastewater streams and remove it later using oil-water
separation treatment. Therefore, this waste stream should not be
discharged.
Drawing
Drawing is performed at four plants in this subcategory. These
plants reported using lubricant in a total of three drawing
operations.
Zirconium-Hafnium Drawing Spent Lubricants. The only loss of
lubricant in one operation is through evaporation and drag-out;
spent lubricants from another operation are contract hauled; no
flow information is available for the other operation. Drawing
lubricants are typically neat oils. It is better to remove these
lubricants directly by contract hauling rather than to commingle
the lubricants with wastewater streams only to remove them later.
Therefore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Extrusion
Extrusion is performed at five zirconium-hafnium forming plants.
The following information is available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations using lubricants: 4 plants, 5
operations
Number of plants and operations with hydraulic fluid leakage: 1.
Zirconium-Hafnium Extrusion Spent Lubricants. No lubricants are
discharged from any of the five operations. Should a plant need
to dispose of these lubricants, it would be better to remove them
directly by contract hauling rather than commingle the lubricants
with wastewater streams and remove them later. Therefore, this
waste stream should not be discharged.
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Zirconium-Hafnium Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage. One
plant reported the discharge of leakage from extrusion presses.
Hydraulic fluid leaks result from the moving connection points in
high pressure extrusion presses. The BPT discharge allowance of
237 1/kkg (56.9 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized
discharge flow of leakage from the one operation.
Swaging
Zirconium-Hafnium Swaging Spent Neat Oils. One plant reported
using neat oil lubricants in a swaging operation. The only loss
of neat oils from this operation is through dragout. Should the
plant ever need to dispose of spent neat oils, it would be better
to remove the oil directly by contract hauling rather than to
combine the neat oil with wastewater streams and then remove it
later using oil-water separation treatment. Therefore, this
waste stream should not be discharged.
Tube Reducing
Zirconium-Hafnium Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants. There shall be
no discharge allowance for the discharge of pollutants from tube
reducing spent lubricants, if once each month for six consecutive
months the facility owner or operator demonstrate the absence of
N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-
nitrosdiphenylamine by sampling and analyzing spent tube reducing
lubricants. If the facility complies with this requirement for
six months then the frequency of sampling may be reduced to once
each quarter. A facility shall be considered in compliance with
this requirement if the concentrations of the three nitrosamine
compounds does not exceed the analytical quantification levels
set forth in 40 CFR Part 136 which are 0.020 mg/1 for N-
nitrosodiphenylamine, 0.020 mg/1 for N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine,
and 0.050 mg/1 for N-nitrosodimethylamine.
Heat Treatment
Zirconium-Hafnium Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. Contact
cooling water is used in six heat treatment operations. Flow
information was available for four of these operations. The BPT
regulatory flow of 343 1/kkg (82.3 gal/ton) is based on the
median production normalized water use for the four operations.
The median is believed to be a better representation of the
current typical water use for this operation than the average
(arithmetic mean) because of the large range of reported produc-
tion normalized water uses (135 1/kkg to 6,000 1/kkg).
Surface Treatment
Eight plants supplied information on surface treatment operations
in the zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory.
Zirconium-Hafnium Surface Treatment Spent Baths. Flow data were
available for nine of the 14 reported surface treatment baths.
The BPT regulatory flow of 340 1/kkg (81.5 gal/ton) is based on
1613
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the median production normalized discharge flow of the nine
operations. The median is believed to be a better representation
of the current typical discharge from this operation than the
average (arithmetic mean) because of the large range of produc-
tion normalized discharge flows (102 1/kkg to 64,300 1/kkg).
Zirconium-Hafnium Surface Treatment Rinse. Flow data were
available for 10 of the 12 reported surface treatment rinse
operations. Countercurrent cascade rinsing and recycle are not
practiced in any of these operations. The BPT regulatory flow of
8,880 1/kkg (2,130 gal/ton) is based on the median production
normalized water use for the 10 operations. The median is
believed to be a better representation of the current typical
water use for this operation than the average (arithmetic mean)
because of the large range of production normalized water uses
(297 1/kkg to 971,000 1/kkg).
Alkaline Cleaning
Zirconium-Hafnium Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths. A total of 13
alkaline cleaning bath operations were reported. Flow data were
available for 12 of these operations. The BPT regulatory flow of
1,600 1/kkg (384 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalized discharge flow of the 12 operations.
Zirconium-Hafnium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. Flow data were
available for 10 of 11 reported alkaline cleaning rinse opera-
tions. Countercurrent cascade rinsing and recycle are not
practiced in any of these operations. The BPT regulatory flow of
31,400 1/kkg (7,530 gal/ton) is based on the average production
normalized water use for the 10 operations.
Molten Salt Treatment
Zirconium-Hafnium Molten Salt Rinse. Two plants reported
discharging molten salt rinse. Neither plant practices
counter cur rent cascade rinsing or recycle of the rinse, however
the water use for one plant was very low (only 20.86 1/kkg). The
BPT regulatory flow of 7,560 1/kkg (1,810 gal/ton) is based on
the average production normalized water use for the two
operations.
Sawing or Grinding
Zirconium-Hafnium Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils. The use of
a neat oil lubricant was reported for only one operation. The
only loss of lubricant from this operation is through drag-out.
Should spent neat oil from this operation ever need to be dis-
posed, it would be better to contract haul the lubricant directly
and not to discharge the stream. Therefore, this waste stream
should not be discharged.
Zirconium-Hafnium Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. The use of
emulsion lubricants was reported for seven operations. No flow
data were available for three operations; the only loss of
1614
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emulsion from three other operations is from evaporation and
drag-out; flow data were available for one operation in which
spent emulsion is periodically discharged to an evaporation pond.
Since spent emulsions are often treated on-site and the water
fraction discharged (with the oil fraction reused or contract
hauled), EPA is allowing a discharge for this waste stream. The
BPT regulatory flow of 281 1/kkg (67.2 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow for the one operation which
discharges spent emulsion to an evaporation pond.
Zirconium-Hafnium Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. Flow
data were available for one of the two operations where the use
of contact cooling water was reported. The BPT regulatory flow
of 321 1/kkg (77.0 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized
discharge flow from this operation.
Zirconium-Hafnium Sawing or Grinding Rinse. Products are
sometimes rinsed following grit blasting and belt polishing
operations. Four rinse operations were reported in this subcate-
gory. No recycle is practiced in any of these operations. The
BPT regulatory flow of 1,800 1/kkg (431 gal/ton) is based on the
median production normalized water use for the four operations.
The median is believed to be a better representation of the
current typical water use for this operation than the average
(arithmetic mean) because of the large range of production
normalized water uses (123 1/kkg to 19,600 1/kkg).
Product Testing
Zirconium-Hafnium Inspection and Testing Wastewater. Wastewater
Is discharged from four product testing operations in this
subcategory: a hydrotesting operation, a non-destructive testing
operation, a dye penetrant testing operation, and an ultrasonic
tube testing operation. Flow data were available for the hydro-
testing operation and non-destructive testing operation. The BPT
regulatory flow of 15.4 1/kkg (3.70 gal/ton) is based on the
production normalized discharge flow from the non-destructive
testing operation. The hydrotesting operation flow was not
included in the regulatory flow calculation because the Agency
believes that the water used for hydrotesting can be recycled or
reused in other water-demanding operations at the forming plant.
Degreasing
Zirconium-Hafnium Degreasing Spent Solvents. Three degreasing
operations were reported in this subcategory. In one operation,
the solvent is completely recycled with no discharge; spent
solvent from two operations is contract hauled. Therefore, the
BPT discharge allowance is zero.
Zirconium-Hafnium Degreasing Rinse. One plant dischages
wastewater from a degreasing rinse operation. This is the only
plant in the subcategory discharging wastewater from a degreasing
operation. Samples of this wastewater were analyzed after
proposal and high concentrations of volatile organic solvents
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were detected. Some plants degrease formed zirconium without
generating any wastewater by using solvents which need not be
followed by a water rinse, while other plants degrease formed
zirconium without solvents, by using alkaline (detergent)
cleaning followed by a water rinse. Because the Agency believes
this plant could achieve zero discharge by converting the water
rinse into a second solvent cleaning step or could use a
detergent cleaning instead of solvents, the BPT allowance for
this solvent degreasing rinse stream is based on zero discharge.
Wet Air Pollution Control
Zirconium-Hafnium Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown. Water is
used in wet air pollution control devices on surface treatment,
rolling, forging, and extrusion operations. A total of eight
operations where wet air pollution control devices are used were
identified. However, wastewater is reported to be discharged to
surface water from only one of the eight operations. Therefore,
since the majority of plants with this wastewater stream are
achieving no discharge from this stream, there shall be no
allowance for the discharge of wastewater pollutants.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BPT are
total chromium, nickel, cyanide, fluoride, oil and grease, total
suspended solids, and pH. The priority pollutants copper, lead,
and zinc, and the nonconventional pollutants zirconium and
hafnium, are not specifically regulated under BPT for the reasons
explained in Section X. The basis for regulating oil and grease,
total suspended solids, and pH was discussed earlier in this
section. The basis for regulating total chromium, nickel,
cyanide, ammonia, and fluoride is discussed below.
Total chromium is selected for regulation since it was found at
treatable concentrations in 10 of 19 raw wastewater samples and
five of nine raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed.
Treatable total chromium concentrations were found in tube
reducing spent lubricant, surface treatment spent baths, surface
treatment rinse, alkaline cleaning spent baths, and degreasing
spent solvents. Waste streams such as surface treatment spent
baths and surface treatment rinse may contain the hexavalent form
of chromium. As previously discussed, preliminary chromium
reduction is needed to reduce hexavalent chromium to the
trivalent state since the hexavalent form is not removed by lime
and settle technology. Therefore, regulation of total chromium
is appropriate for this subcategory.
Nickel is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in six of 19 raw wastewater samples and three of
the nine raw wastewater streams in which it was analyzed. Nickel
was found at treatable concentrations in tube reducing spent
1616
-------
lubricant, surface treatment spent baths, and degreasing spent
solvents.
Cyanide is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in surface treatment spent baths. Prelimi-
nary cyanide precipitation is needed to remove this pollutant
from wastewater. Therefore, regulation of cyanide is appropriate
for this subcategory.
Ammonia is selected for regulation because it was found at
treatable concentrations in surface treatment baths and tube
reducing spent lubricants. Preliminary ammonia steam stripping
may be needed to remove ammonia from these wastewaters. There-
fore, regulation of ammonia is appropriate for the zirconium-
hafnium forming subcategory.
Fluoride is selected for regulation since it was found at treat-
able concentrations in five of 18 raw wastewater samples.
Fluoride was found at treatable concentrations in surface treat-
ment baths and rinses.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the zirconium-hafnium forming
subcategory consists of preliminary treatment when necessary,
specifically chromium reduction, chemical emulsion breaking and
oil skimming, and cyanide precipitation. The effluent from
preliminary treatment is combined with other wastewater for
common treatment by oil skimming and lime and settle. Waste
streams potentially needing preliminary treatment are listed in
Table IX-9. Figure IX-1 presents a schematic of the general BPT
treatment train for the nonferrous metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-27 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and regu-
lated pollutants in the zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory are
summarized in Table IX-28. Although no limitations have been
established for zirconium and hafnium, Table IX-28 includes
zirconium and hafnium mass discharge limitations attainable using
the BPT model technology. These limitations are presented for
the guidance of permit writers. The limitations table lists all
the pollutants which were considered for regulation. Those
specifically regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA must consider the cost of treatment and
control in relation to the effluent reduction benefits. BPT
1617
-------
costs and benefits are tabulated along with BAT costs and bene-
fits in Section X. As shown in Table X-ll (page xxxx), the
application of BPT to the total 2irconium-hafnium forming subcat-
egory will remove approximately 17,340 kg/yr (38,150 lbs/yr) of
pollutants including 640 kg/yr (1,410 lbs/yr) of toxic metals.
As shown in Table X-l (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and
annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $0,367 million
and $0,330 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-
21 (page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct dischargers only
will remove approximately 16,315 kg/yr (35,890 lbs/yr) of
pollutants including 640 kg/yr (1,410 lbs/yr) of toxic metals.
As shown in Table X-2 (page xxxx), the corresponding capital and
annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $0,359 million
and $0,327 million per year, respectively. The Agency concludes
that these pollutant removals justify the costs incurred by
plants in this subcategory.
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
Production Operations and Discharge Flows
Production operations that generate process wastewater in the
metal powders subcategory include metal powder production,
tumbling, burnishing, cleaning, sawing, grinding, sizing, steam
treatment, oil-resin impregnation, degreasing, hot pressing, and
mixing. Water use practices, wastewater streams and wastewater
discharge flows from these operations were discussed in Section
V. This information provided the basis for development of the
BPT regulatory flow allowances summarized in Table IX-29. The
following paragraphs discuss the basis for the BPT flow allow-
ances for each waste stream.
Metal Powder Production
Metal powder production operations were reported by approximately
70 plants in this subcategory. The following information is
available from these plants:
Number of plants and operations with wet atomization wastewater:
5 plants, 6 operations
Number of plants and operations with wet air pollution control
devices: 2.
Metal Powder Production Wet Atomization Wastewater. No recycle
was reported for any of the six operations. From an examination
of the available data, it is not apparent that there is any
significant difference in water use and discharge among the
different metals in this subcategory. Therefore, the BPT dis-
charge allowance is the average production normalized discharge
flow from the six operations, 5,040 1/kkg (1,210 gal/ton).
Tumbling, Burnishing or Cleaning
Metal Powders Tumbling, Burnishing or Cleaning Wastewater.
Twenty-nine plants reported information on 40 tumbling, burnish-
1618
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ing, and other physical-chemical cleaning operations associated
with powder metallurgy parts production. Water use data were
available for 25 operations. The BPT regulatory flow of 4,400
1/kkg (1,050 gal/ton) is based on the average production normal-
ized water use for the 25 operations.
Sawing or Grinding
Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils. A neat oil
lubricant is used in one operation. Spent neat oils from this
operation are contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-site.
It is better to handle neat oils in this manner rather than
combine them with wastewater streams only to remove them later
using oil-water separation treatment. Therefore, the BPT dis-
charge allowance is zero.
Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions. Emulsion
lubricants are used in seven operations. No emulsions are
discharged from one operation; emulsions are periodically dis-
charged from five operations; emulsions are discharged on a once-
through basis from one operation. The production normalized
discharge flow from the once-through operation is over five times
higher than the discharge values from the other operations. This
value was not included in the regulatory flow calculation because
it does not represent the current typical discharge practice for
this subcategory. The BPT regulatory flow of 18.1 1/kkg (4.33
gal/ton) is based on the average production normalized discharge
flow of the five periodic discharge operations.
Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. Contact
cooling water is used in four operations. Flow data were avail-
able for one of these operations. The cooling water is dis-
charged on a once-through basis from this operation. The current
water use at the one plant reporting flow data is excessive
compared to current water use for this operation in other subcat-
egories. The BPT regulatory flow of 1,620 1/kkg (389 gal/ton) is
based on 99 percent recycle of the water use for this one opera-
tion. This is comparable to the allowance for this operation in
other subcategories.
Sizing
Metal Powders Sizing Spent Neat Oils. Neat oil lubricants are
used in two sizing operations. The neat oils are completely
recycled with no discharge in either operation. Should the neat
oil from either operation ever need to be disposed, it would be
better to directly remove the oil by contract hauling rather than
to commingle the oil with wastewater streams and then remove it
later. Therefore, the BPT discharge allowance is zero.
Metal Powders Sizing Spent Emulsions. An emulsion lubricant is
used in one sizing operation. Since spent emulsions are often
treated on-site and the water fraction discharged by plants in
this category and other categories, EPA is allowing a discharge
for this waste stream. The BPT discharge allowance of 14.6 1/kkg
1619
-------
(3.50 gal/ton) is based on the production normalized water use
for this operation.
Steam Treatment
Metal Powders Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown.
One plant operates a wet scrubber to control air pollution from
its steam treatment process. No recycle of the scrubber water is
practiced. The BPT discharge allowance of 792 1/kkg (190
gal/ton) is based on the production normalized water use for the
one operation.
Oil-Resin Impregnation
Metal Powders Oil-Resin Impregnation Spent Neat Oils. Seven
plants reported using neat oils in oil-resin impregnation pro-
cesses. Neat oils are completely recycled with no discharge in
two operations; spent neat oils from three operations are con-
tract hauled; no data are available for the other two operations.
It is better to remove neat oils directly by contract hauling
rather than to commingle them with wastewater streams and then
remove them later using oil-water separation treatment. There-
fore, this waste stream should not be discharged.
Degreasing
Metal Powders Degreasing Spent Solvents. Only a small number of
surveyed plants with solvent degreasing operations have process
wastewater streams associated with the operation. Because most
plants practice solvent degreasing without wastewater discharge,
the Agency believes zero discharge of wastewater is an appropri-
ate discharge limitation.
Hot Pressing
Metal Powders Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water. One plant
reported using contact cooling water in a hot pressing operation.
None of the cooling water used in this operation is recycled.
The BPT regulatory flow of 8,800 1/kkg (2,110 gal/ton) is based
on the production normalized water use for the one operation.
Mixing
Metal Powders Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown. One
plant reported using a wet scrubber to control air pollution from
a mixing operation. Ninety percent of the scrubber water is
recycled. The BPT regulatory flow of 7,900 1/kkg (1,890 gal/ton)
is based on the production normalized discharge flow from the
scrubber.
Deleted Waste Streams
Metal Powder Production Milling Wastewater. Following proposal,
the Agency received additional data and conducted a review of all
available data concerning wastewater discharges in this subcate-
1620
-------
gory. This review led to a reinterpretation of some data
reported prior to proposal. As a result, the Metal Powder
Production Milling wastewater stream included in the proposed
regulation for this subcategory has been deleted from the final
regulation. This waste stream was improperly classified at
proposal. Since the plant believed to have this wastewater at
proposal actually mills fabricated parts, not powder, its
reported production normalized flow was included in the
calculation of the tumbling, burnishing or cleaning wastewater
discharge allowance.
Metal Powder Production Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown.
Prior to proposal, two plants reported the use of wet air pollu-
tion control devices associated with metal powders production.
One plant reported complete recycle of scrubber water; the other
reported that 85 percent of the scrubber water is recycled.
Following proposal, the Agency received additional data concern-
ing wastewater discharges in this subcategory. These data
included the fact that the discharging scrubber is no longer
operated. Therefore, the Metal Powder Production Wet Air Pollu-
tion Control Blowdown waste stream included in the proposed
regulation for this subcategory has been deleted from the final
regulation.
Regulated Pollutants
The priority pollutants considered for regulation under BPT are
listed in Section VI along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BPT are
copper, lead, cyanide, oil and grease, total suspended solids and
pH. The priority pollutants chromium, nickel, and zinc, and the
nonconventional pollutants iron and aluminum are not specifically
regulated under BPT for the reasons explained in Section X. The
basis for regulating oil and grease, total suspended solids, and
pH was discussed earlier in this section. The basis for
regulating copper, lead, and cyanide is discussed below.
Copper is regulated since it is one of the metals being processed
in this subcategory and it was found at treatable concentrations
in 10 of 18 raw wastewater samples and three of the four raw
wastewater streams in which it was analyzed. Copper was present
at treatable concentrations in metal powder production wet
atomization wastewater, tumbling, burnishing or cleaning waste-
water, and sawing or grinding spent emulsions.
Lead is selected for regulation since it was found at treatable
concentrations in eight of 18 samples and three of the four raw
wastewater streams in which it was analyzed. Lead was found at
treatable concentrations in the same raw waste streams listed in
the previous paragraph for copper.
Cyanide is selected for regulation since it was present in
treatable concentrations in eight of 17 raw wastewater samples
and three of the four raw wastewater streams in which it was
analyzed. Treatable concentrations of cyanide were found in
1621
-------
tumbling, burnishing or cleaning wastewater, sawing or grinding
spent emulsions, and steam treatment wet air pollution control
blowdown. Preliminary cyanide precipitation is needed to remove
cyanide from these wastewater streams. Therefore, regulation of
cyanide is appropriate for this subcategory.
Treatment Train
The BPT model treatment train for the metal powders subcategory
consists of preliminary treatment when necessary, specifically
chemical emulsion breaking and oil skimming and cyanide precipi-
tation. The effluent from preliminary treatment is combined with
other wastewater for common treatment by oil skimming and lime
and settle. Waste streams potentially needing preliminary
treatment are listed in Table IX-10. Figure IX-1 presents a
schematic of the general BPT treatment train for the nonferrous
metals forming category.
Effluent Limitations
The pollutant mass discharge limitations (milligrams of pollutant
per off-kilogram of PNP) were calculated by multiplying the BPT
regulatory flows summarized in Table IX-29 (1/kkg) by the concen-
tration achievable by the BPT model treatment system summarized
in Table VII-21 (mg/1) for each pollutant parameter considered
for regulation at BPT (1/kkg x mg/1 x kkg/1,000 kg = mg/off-kg).
The results of this computation for all waste streams and regu-
lated pollutants in the metal powders subcategory are summarized
in Table IX-30. Although no limitations have been established
for iron and aluminum, Table IX-30 includes mass discharge
limitations for these pollutants attainable using the BPT model
technology. These limitations are presented for the guidance of
permit writers. The limitations table lists all the pollutants
which were considered for regulation. Those specifically
regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Costs and Benefits
In establishing BPT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-12 (page xxxx), the applica-
tion of BPT to the total metal powders subcategory will remove
approximately 57,570 kg/yr (126,650 lbs/yr) of pollutants includ-
ing 1,085 kg/yr (2,390 lbs/yr) of toxic pollutants. As shown in
Table X-22 (page xxxx), the application of BPT to direct
dischargers only will remove approximately 4,105 kg/yr (9,030
lbs/yr) of pollutants including 128 kg/yr (282 lbs/yr) of toxic
pollutants. Since there are only three direct discharge plants
in this subcategory, total subcategory capital and annual costs
will not be reported in this document in order to protect
confidentiality claims. The Agency concludes that the pollutant
removals justify the costs incurred by plants in this
subcategory.
1622
-------
APPLICATION OF REGULATION IN PERMITS
The purpose of these limitations (and standards) is to form a
uniform basis for regulating wastewater effluent from the nonfer-
rous metals forming category. For direct dischargers, this is
accomplished through NPDES permits. Since the nonferrous metals
forming category is regulated on an individual waste stream
"building-block" approach, three examples of applying these
limitations to determine the allowable discharge from nonferrous
metals forming facilities are given below.
Example 1
Plant X forms a refractory metal strip by a rolling operation
which uses an emulsion as a lubricant. The plant produces 20 kkg
(44,000 lbs) of final product strip per day. In the process, a
stock billet is heated and put through a reversing rolling mill
for five passes, then annealed (dry annealing), brought back to
the rolling mill for three more passes, annealed again, rolled
for four more passes, and annealed for a final time to produce
the product. Table IX-31 illustrates the calculation of the
allowable BPT discharge for nickel, one of the pollutants regu-
lated in this subcategory. The allowable discharge for the other
regulated pollutants would be calculated in the same way.
This example illustrates the calculation of an allowable pollu-
tant mass discharge using "off-kilograms." The term "off-kilo-
gram" means the mass of metal or metal alloy removed from a
forming operation at the end of a process cycle for transfer to a
different machine or process. A reversing mill allows the metal
to pass between the rollers several times without having to be
removed from the mill. Therefore, on a multiple pass roll, the
mass of metal rolled is considered to have been processed only
once; the off-mass equals the mass. In this example, since the
metal is removed from the reversing mill for annealing and then
returned, the off-mass of rolling equals the mass of metal times
the number of times it is returned to the process. Therefore,
for this plant, the off-kilograms to produce 20 kkg of final
product is 60 off-kkg. This is the daily production used in the
calculations presented in Table IX-31.
Example 2
Plant Y forms lead bullets by an extrusion and swaging process
and casts lead shot. The plant operates 250 days per year with a
total annual production of 250,000 kg (551,000 lbs) of shot and
1,000,000 kg (2,205,000 lbs) of bullets. Shot is produced by
casting. Bullets are produced by casting lead into ingots
(stationary casting), extrusion followed by a spray quench at the
press, and swaging. Approximately 5 percent of the lead is lost
to scrap following extrusion. The bullets are washed and rinsed
before being assembled into cartridges. Table IX-32 illustrates
the calculation of the allowable BPT discharge of total suspended
solids (TSS).
1623
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The daily shot casting production is 250,000 kg/yr divided by 250
days/yr or 1,000 kg/day. The number of kg of shot produced is
equal to the number of off-kg formed. This production is
multiplied by the shot casting limitation (mg/off-kg) to get the
daily discharge limit for shot casting at Plant Y. The daily
amount of lead cast and extruded is 1,050,000 kg/yr divided by
250 days/yr or 4,200 kg/day. This production is multiplied by
the limitations (mg/off-kg) for extrusion press or solution heat
treatment contact cooling water and extrusion press hydraulic
fluid leakage to get the first part of the daily discharge limits
for bullet making. The daily bullet production is 1,000,000
kg/yr divided by 250 days/yr or 4,000 kg/day. This production is
multiplied by the limitations (mg/off-kg) for swaging spent
emulsions, alkaline cleaning spent baths, and alkaline cleaning
rinse to get the second part of the daily discharge limits for
bullet making. The sum of the daily limits for the individual
operations becomes the plant limit.
Example 3
Plant Z forms nickel and titanium alloys. This plant forges 125
kkg (275,000 lbs) of nickel and 25 kkg (55,000 lbs) of titanium
per year (250 days). Eighty percent of the nickel and 10 percent
of the titanium are pickled, then rinsed with a spray. The plant
also contact cools forgings with water following forging and has
a wet air pollution control scrubber to control the fumes from
the pickling bath. This example demonstrates the application of
the limitations for nickel which is a regulated pollutant in the
nickel forming subcategory and for cyanide a regulated pollutant
in the titanium forming subcategory to the combined discharge of
nickel forming process wastewater and titanium forming process
wastewater. Table IX-33 illustrates the calculation of the BPT
discharge allowance for nickel. Although nickel was not specifi-
cally regulated in the titanium forming subcategory, it is
present in treatable concentrations in titanium forming waste-
water. The Agency chose not to specifically regulate nickel in
this subcategory because it should be adequately controlled by
the other regulated pollutants. Since nickel is present in the
titanium forming wastewater, Plant Z will need an allowance for
nickel from this source to comply with the nickel discharge
allowance. Therefore, the mass allowance for nickel from the
titanium forming wastewater is added to the mass allowance from
nickel-cobalt forming. The mass limitations for nickel can be
obtained from Tables IX-16 and IX-22 which provide the limita-
tions for regulated pollutants and other pollutants considered
for but not specifically regulated.
The calculation of the mass allowance for the pollutant cyanide
is illustrated in Table IX-34. Cyanide is regulated in the
titanium forming subcategory, but not in the nickel-cobalt
forming subcategory. Cyanide was not found in significant
quantities in any nickel-cobalt process wastewater, and was not
considered for regulation in the nickel-cobalt subcategory.
Since the nickel-forming process wastewater from Plant Z would
not be expected to contribute any cyanide to the mass loading in
1624
-------
the effluent, it is not appropriate to add a mass allowance for
cyanide from the nickel forming wastewater to the mass allowance
for cyanide from the titanium forming wastewater.
1625
-------
Table I*-1
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
N>
a>
Ro11i ng
Drawl rig
Ext rusi on
Swag ing
Cast i ng
Continuous Strip Casting
Semi-Continuous Ingot
Cast i ng
Shot Casting
Shot Forming
Alkaline Cleaning
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Press or solution heat
treatment contact cooling
water
Press hydraulic fluid
1eakage
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Wet air pollution control
b1owdown
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
Chemical emulsion breaking
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
None
None
None
None
-------
Table IX-Z
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
MAGENSIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat1 on
Waste Stream
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
RoI 1 i ng
Forging
Casti ng
Direct Chill Casting
Surface Treatment
Sawing or Grinding
Wet Air Pollution Control
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Equipment cleaning
wast ewate r
Contact coaling water
Spent batns
R i nsewater
Spent emulsions
B1owdown
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
None
Chromium reduction, ammonia
steam stripping
Chromium reduction, ammonia
steam stripping
Chemical emulsion breaking
Chromium reduction
-------
Table IX-3
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
RollIng
Draw 1ng
Ext rusi on
Fo rg1ng
Metal Powder Production
Cast l" ng
Stat 1onary
Surface Treatment
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Spent emulsions
Press or solution heat
treatment contact cooli
water
Press hydraulic fluid
1eakage
Contact cooling water
Equipment cleaning
wastewater
Press hydraulic fluid
1eakage
Atomization wastewater
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R1nsewat er
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
Chromium reduction
Chromium reduction
-------
Table IX-3 (Continued)
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
CTl
to
VO
Operat i on
Amnion i a
Alkaline Cleaning
Mo 1 ten Sa1t
Sawing or Grinding
Steam Cleaning
Dye Penetrant Testing
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Wet Air Pollution Control
E1ect rocoati ng
Waste Stream
R i nse
Spent baths
R i nsewat er
R i nsewater
Spent emulsions
R i nsewater
Condensate
Wastewater
Var i ous
BIowdown
Ri nsewater
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
None
Chromium reduction
None
Chromium reduction
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
None
None
Chromium reduction
None
-------
Tabte IX-4
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
o\
OJ
o
OperatIon
Ro11ing
Draw i ng
Metal Powder Production
Cast Ing
Direct Chill Casting
Shot Casting
Semi-Continuous and
Continuous Casting
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline CIean1ng
Tumbling or Burnishing
Sawing or Grinding
Pressure Bonding
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Atomization wastewater
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
Ri nsewate r
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Prebonding wastewater
Wastewater
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling na'er
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
Chemical emulsion breaking
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Cyanide precipitation
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
-------
Table IX-5
potential preliminary treatment requirements
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
CTl
UJ
OperatIon
Rolling
Ext rus i on
Forg1ng
Metal Powder
Surface Treatment
A 1ka1i ne CI ean1ng
Mo 11en Salt
Tumbling or Burnishing
Sawing or Grinding
Dye Penetrant Testing
Equipment Cleaning
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Press hydraulic fluid
Ieakage
Contact cooling water
Wastewater
Spent baths
R i nsewat er
Spent baths
Ri nsewater
R i nsewate r
Was t ewat er
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
R i nsewater
Wastewater
Wastewater
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
Chemical emulsion breaking
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
Chromium reduction
Chromium reduction
None
None
Chromium reduction
Chromium reduction
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
None
-------
Table IX-5
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY
REFRACTORY METALS
(Cont i nued)
TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Waste Stream
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatment:
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Vari ops
None
Wet Air Pollution Control
B1owdown
Chromium reduction
-------
Table IX-6
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Ope rat 1" on
Ro11i ng
E* trusi on
Forging
Surface Treatment
I—1
Ch
Oj Alkaline Cleaning
U)
Mo 1 ten Salt
Tumb1i ng
Waste Stream
Contact cooling water
Spent emulsions
Press hydraulic fluid
1eakaye
Contact cooling water
Equipment cleaning
wastewater
Press hydraulic fluid
1eakage
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Spent baths
R i nsewater
R1nsewater
Washwater
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
None
Chemical emulsion breaking
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
Chemical emulsion breaking
Ammonia steam stripping,
chromium reduction
Ammonia steam stripping,
chromium reduction
None
None
Chromium reduction
Cyanide precipitation
Sawing or Grinding
Spent emulsions and syn-
thetic coolants
Contact cooling water
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
-------
Table IX-6 (Continued)
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat1 on
Dye Penetrant Testing
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Waste Stream
Wastewater
Various
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
None
Wet Air Pollution Control
Slowdown
Chromium reduction
-------
Table IX-7
potential preliminary treatment requirements
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat1 on
Ext rus i on
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Sawing or Grinding
Area Cleaning
Wet Air Pollution Control
Drum Washwater
I—1
C3\ Laundry Washwater
U)
Ul
Waste Stream
Tool contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R i nsewate r
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
R i nsewater
Washwat er
B1owdown
Wastewater
Wastewater
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
None
None
None
None
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
None
Chromium Reduction
None
None
-------
Table IX-8
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Rolling
Draw i ng
Cast 1ng
Direct Chill Casting
Annealing and Solution Heat
T reatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
U>
o\
Sawing or Grinding
E1ect rocoati ng
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
Ri nsewater
Spent baths
Ri nsewater
Spent emulsions
Ri nsewater
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
Chemical emulsion breaking,
cyanide precipitation
None
None
Chromium reduction
Chromium reduction
Cyanide precipitation
Cyanide precipitation
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
-------
Table IX-9
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Ext rus i on
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline C1ean i ng
Mo 1ten Sa1t
Sawing or Grinding
C\
*** Inspection and Testing
-J
Waste Stream
Press hydraulic fluid
1eakage
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Spent baths
Ri nsewater
Ri nsewater
Spent emu 1s i ons
Contact cooling water
R i nsewater
Wastewater
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
Ammonia steam stripping,
cyanide precipitation
Ammonia steam stripping,
cyanide precipitation
None
None
Chromium reduction
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
None
-------
Table IX-10
POTENTIAL PRELIMINARY TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
0\
CO
00
Operat i on
Metal Powder Production
Tumbling, Burnishing, and
C1ean i ng
Sawing or Grinding
S i z i ng
Steam Treatment Wet Air
Pol 1ut i on Control
Hot Pressing
Mixing Wet Air Pollution
Cont ro1
Waste Stream
Atomization wastewater
Wastewater
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Spent emulsions
B1owdown
Contact cooling water
B1owdown
Possible Required
Preliminary Treatments
None
Cyanide precipitation
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
Chemical emulsion breaking
None
None
None
-------
Table IX-)t
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1i zed
BPT Discharge
Opera!ion
Ro 1 1i ng
Draw i ng
Extrusion
U>
VO
Swaging
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Press or solution heat treatment
contact cooling water
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent emulsions
Cast ing
Continuous Strip Casting Contact cooling water
1 / kkg
23,4
43.0
0
26. 3
7.46
1 , 440
Semi-Continuous Ingot
Cast i ng
Contact cooling water
55.0
1 .77
1 . 00
29.4
ga1/ton
5.60
10.3
0
6. 30
1 . 79
346
13.2
0.424
0. 240
7 . 04
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of tead-t i n-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Mass of iead-lin-bismuth drawn
with emuIsions
Mass of 1 odd -1in~bismuth druwn
with soap solutions
Mass of load -1in-bismuth heat
treated and subsequently
cooled with water
Mass of Isad-turiiibmuth
ex t ruded
Mass of 1 eat) • t i n-bi smuth
swaged with emulsions
Mass of I ead"tin-bismuth cast
by the continuous strip method
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth ingot
cast by the semi-continuous
method
Shot Casting
Contact cooling water
37 .3
1,9b
Mass of 1 ead-t l n-b i sinuth shot
-------
Table IX-11 (Continued)
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Shot-forming
Alkaline Cleaning
Waste Stream
Wet air pollution control
b1owdown
Spent baths
R i nsewat er
Degreas i ng
Spent solvents
Normali zed
BPT Discharge
1 / k kg
gal/1 on
Production Normalizing
Paraine ter
588
141
Mass of 1 eatl-t in-bi smuth shot
f o rmed
1 20
28 . 7
Mass of 1ead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
2,360
565
Mass of 1 ead-1 i ii-b i smu t h
alkaline cleaned
-------
Table IX-12
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
.067 .030
.010 .005
.468 .281
.960 .457
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
*Antimony .124 .055
*Lead .018 .009
*Oil and Grease .860 .516
*TSS 1.770 .839
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1641
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
*Antimony .076 .034
*Lead .011 .005
*Oil and Grease .526 .316
*TSS 1.080 .513
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
*Antimony .021 .010
*Lead .003 .001
*Oil and Grease .149 .090
*TSS .306 .146
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1642
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment CCW
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
4.130 1.850
.605 .288
28.800 17.300
59.100 28.100
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
*Antimony .158 .070
*Lead .023 .011
*Oil and Grease 1.100 .660
*TSS 2.260 1.070
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1643
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Swaging Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsions
*Antimony .0051 .0023
*Lead .0008 .0004
*Oil and Grease .0354 .0213
*TSS .0726 .0345
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
*Antimony .0029 .0013
*Lead .0004 .0002
*Oil and Grease .0200 .0120
*TSS .0410 .0195
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1644
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
*Antimony .084 .038
*Lead .012 .006
*Oil and Grease .588 .353
*TSS 1.210 .574
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
*Antimony .107 .048
*Lead .016 .007
*Oil and Grease .746 .448
*TSS 1.530 .728
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1645
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
*Antimony 1.690 .753
*Lead .247 .118
*Oil and Grease 11.800 7.060
*TSS 24.100 11.500
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
.345 .154
.050 .024
2.400 1.440
4.920 2.340
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1646
-------
Table IX-12 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony 6.780 3.020
*Lead .991 .472
*Oil and Grease 47.200 28.300
*TSS 96.800 46.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1647
-------
Tab 1e-IX-13
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORV
Normali zed
BPT Discharge
Operat i on
Rot 1i ng
Fo rg ing
Direct Chill Casting
o\
CO
Surface Treatment
Sawing or Grinding
Degreas ing
Wet Air Pollution Control
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Equipment cleaning wastewater
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R i nsewat er
Spent emulsions
Spent solvents
B1owdown
1 /kkg
74.6
0
2,890
39.9
3 ,950
466
18 ,900
19.5
0
619
gal/ton
17.9
0
693
9.59
947
1 12
4,520
4.68
0
148
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of magnesium rolled with
emu 1s i ons
Mass of forged magnesium
cooled with water
Mass of magnesium forged on
equipment requiring cleaning
with water
Mass of magnesium cast with
direct chill methods
Mass of magnesium surface
t reat ed
Mass of magnesium surface
t reat ed
Mass of magnesium sawed or
ground
Mass of magnesium sanded and
repaired or forged
-------
Table IX-14
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
rolled with emulsions
~Chromium
.033
.013
*Zinc
.109
.046
*Ammonia
9.950
4.370
*Fluoride
4.440
1.970
Magnesium
.007
*Oil and Grease
1.490
.895
*TSS
3.060
1.460
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There could be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium
cooled with water
*Chromium 1.270 .520
*Zinc 4.220 1.760
*Ammonia 385.000 170.000
~Fluoride 172.000 76.300
Magnesium .289
*Oil and Grease 57.800 34.700
*TSS 119.000 56.400
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1649
-------
Table IX-14 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs)of magnesium
forged
~Chromium
*Zinc
~Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
0176
0583
3200
3800
0040
7980
6400
.0072
.0244
2.3400
1.0600
.4790
.7780
kpH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
cast with direct chill methods
*Chromium 1.740 .711
*Zinc 5.770 2.410
*Ammonia 527.000 232.000
*Fluoride 235.000 104.000
Magnesium .395
*Oil and Grease 79.000 47.400
*TSS 162.000 77.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1650
-------
Table IX-14 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium .205 .084
*Zinc .681 .284
*Ammonia 62.100 27.300
*Fluoride 27.700 12.300
Magnesium .047
*Oil and Grease 9.320 5.590
*TSS 19.100 9.090
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
8.320
27.600
2,520.000
1,130.000
1.890
378.000
775.000
3.400
11.500
1,110.000
499.000
227.000
369.000
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1651
-------
Table IX-14 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of magnesium
sawed or ground
*Chromium
.009
.004
*Zinc
.029
.012
*Ammonia
2.600
1.140
*Fluoride
1.160
.515
Magnesium
.002
*Oil and Grease
.390
.234
*TSS
.800
.380
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Magnesium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
formed
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.273
.904
82.500
36.900
.062
12.400
25.400
.112
.378
36.300
16.400
7.430
12.100
kpH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1652
-------
Table IX-15
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1i zed
BPT Discharge
Operat i on
CTi
Ul
bJ
Ro1 1i ng
Tube Reducing
Drawing
Ext rusi on
Forg i ng
Metal Powder Production
Stationary Casting
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Spent lubricants
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Press or solution heat
treatment contact cooling
water
Press hydraulic fluid
1eakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Equipment cleaning wastewater
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Atomization wastewater
Contact cooling water
1 /kkg
0
170
3,770
0
0
95.4
0
03.2
232
0
474
40.0
107
2,620
12,100
ga1/1 on
0
40.9
905
0
0
22.9
0
20.0
55 . 6
0
1 14
9 .57
44 . 0
629
2 ,900
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t rolled
with emu 1s i ons
Mass of nieke 1-coba11 rolled
with water
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t drawn
with emu 1s i ons
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t extruded
or heat treated and subse-
quently cooled with water
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t extruded
Mass of forged nieke 1-coba 1 t
cooled with water
Mass of nickel-cobalt forged
on equipment requiring clean-
ing with wat er
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t forged
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t metal
powder produced by wet atom-
ization
Mass of nieke 1-cobalt cast
with stationary casting
-------
Table IX-15 (Continued)
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Vacuum Me 1t i ng
Annealing and Solution
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Waste Stream
Steam condensate
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R i nsewater
(—1
LTI
Ammonia
Alkaline Cleaning
R i nse
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Mo 1 ten Sa1t
Sawing or Grinding
R i nsewater
Spent emulsions
R i nsewater
Steam Cleaning
Condensate
Hydrostatic Tube Testing
and Ultrasonic Testing
Dye Penetrant Testing
Wastewater
Wastewater
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Various
Normali zed
BPT Discharge
1 / kkg
0
0
gal/ton
0
0
Production Normalizing
Parameter
935
23,600
14.0
33.9
2,330
8,440
39.4
1,810
30. 1
224 Mass of nieke 1-coba1t surface
treated
5,650 Mass of nieke 1-coba11 surface
t reated
3.54 Mass of nieke 1-coba11 treated
with ammonia solution
8.13 Mass of nieke 1-coba1t alkaline
c1eaned
559 Mass of nieke 1-coba1t alkaline
c1eaned
2,020 Mass of nieke 1-coba1t treated
with mo 1 ten salt
9.45 Mass of nieke 1-coba1t sawed or
ground with emulsions
435 Mass of sawed or ground
nieke 1-coba1t rinsed
7.22 Mass of nieke 1-coba1t steam
c1eaned
213
50.9
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t tested
with dye penetrant methods
246
58.4
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t formed
-------
Table IX-15 (Continued)
BPT REGULATORV FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Norma 1i zed
BPT Discharge
Waste Stream
1 /kkg
ga!/ton
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Degreasi ng
Wet Air Pollution Control
Electrocoating
Spent solvents
B1owdown
Ri nsewater
0
8 10
3,370
0
194
807
Mass of nieke 1-cobalt formed
Mass of nickel-coba1t electro-
coated
o>
Ul
cn
-------
Table IX-16
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with emulsions
Cadmium
.058
.026
*Chromium
.075
.031
Copper
.323
.170
Lead
.071
.034
*Nickel
.327
.216
Zinc
.248
.104
*Fluoride
10.100
4.490
*Oil and Grease
3.400
2.040
*TSS
6.970
3.320
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with water
Cadmium
1.280
.566
*Chromium
1.660
.679
Copper
7.170
3.770
Lead
1.590
.754
*Nickel
7.240
4.790
Zinc
5. 510
2.300
*Fluoride
225.000
99.500
*Oil and Grease
75.400
45.300
*TSS
155.000
73.500
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1656
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
drawn with emulsions
Cadmium
.033
.014
*Chromium
.042
.017
Coppe r
.181
.095
Lead
.040
.019
*Nickel
.183
.121
Zinc
.139
.058
*Fluoride
5.680
2.520
*Oil and Grease
1.910
1.150
*TSS
3.910
1.860
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1657
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Cadmium
.028
.013
*Chromium
.037
.015
Copper
.158
.083
Lead
.035
.017
*Nickel
.160
.106
Zinc
.122
.051
*Fluoride
4.950
2.200
*Oil and Grease
1.670
.999
*TSS
3.410
1.620
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
extruded
Cadmium
.079
.035
*Chromium
.102
.042
Copper
.441
.232
Lead
.098
.046
*Nickel
.446
.295
Zinc
.339
.142
*Fluoride
13.800
6.130
*Oil and Grease
4.640
2.790
*TSS
9.510
4.530
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1658
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of ;
forged nickel
-cobalt
cooled with water
Cadmium
. 161
.071
*Chromium
. 209
.085
Copper
. 901
.474
Lead
.199
.095
*Nickel
. 910
.602
Zinc
. 692
. 289
*Fluoride
28.200
12.500
*Oil and Grease
9. 480
5.690
*TSS
19.500
9.250
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
.0136
. 0060
*Chromium
.0176
.0072
Coppe r
.0760
.04 00
Lead
.0168
.0080
*Nickel
.0768
.0508
Zinc
.0584
.0244
*Fluoride
2.3800
1. 0600
*Oil and Grease
.8000
.4800
*TSS
1.6400
.7800
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1659
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
.064
.028
*Chromium
.082
.034
Copper
.356
.187
Lead
.079
.037
*Nickel
.359
.238
Zinc
.273
.114
*Fluoride
11.100
4.940
*Oil and Grease
3.740
2.250
*TSS
7.670
3.650
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
metal powder atomized
Cadmium
.891
.393
*Chromium
1.150
.472
Copper
4.980
2.620
Lead
1.100
.524
*Nickel
5.030
3.330
Zinc
3.830
1.600
*Fluoride
156.000
69.200
*Oil and Grease
52.400
31.500
*TSS
108.000
51.100
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1660
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant
pollutant
or Maximum for
property any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
cast with
stationary casting methods
Cadmium
4.120
1.820
*Chromium
5.330
2.180
Copper
23.000
12.100
Lead
5.080
2.420
*Nickel
23.300
15.400
Zinc
17.700
7.380
*Fluoride
720.000
320.000
*Oil and Grease 242.000
145.000
*TSS
496.000
236.000
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1661
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
.318
.140
*Chromium
.412
.169
Copper
1.780
.935
Lead
.393
.187
*Nickel
1.800
1.190
Zinc
1.370
. 571
*Fluoride
55.700
24.700
*Oil and Grease
18.700
11.200
*TSS
38.400
18.300
*pH Within
the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
8.030
3.540
*Chromium
10.400
4. 250
Copper
44.900
23.600
Lead
9.910
4.720
*Nickel
45.300
30.000
Zinc
34.500
14.400
*Fluoride
1
,410.000
623.000
*Oil and Grease
472.000
283.000
*TSS
968.000
460.000
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1662
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Ammonia Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
________ j2b/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with ammonia solution
Cadmium
.005
.002
*Chromium
.007
.003
Copper
.028
.015
Lead
.006
. 003
*Nickel
.028
.019
Zinc
.022
.009
*Fluoride
.881
. 391
*Oil and Grease
.296
.178
*TSS
.607
.289
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of :
nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
.012
.005
*Chromium
.015
.006
Copper
.064
.034
Lead
.014
.007
*Nickel
. 065
.043
Zinc
.050
.021
*Fluoride
2.020
.895
*0il and Grease
.678
.407
*TSS
1.390
.661
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1663
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
.792
.350
*Chromium
1.030
.420
Copper
4.430
2.330
Lead
.979
.466
*Nickel
4.480
2.960
Zinc
3.400
1.420
*Fluoride
139.000
61.500
*Oil and Grease
46.600
28.000
*TSS
95.600
45.500
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with molten salt
Cadmium
2.870
1.270
*Chromium
3.720
1. 520
Copper
16.100
8.440
Lead
3.550
1.690
*Nickel
16.200
10.700
Zinc
12.300
5.150
*Fluoride
502.000
223.000
*Oil and Grease
169.000
101.000
*TSS
346.000
165.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
1664
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
sawed or ground with
emulsions
Cadmium
.013
.006
*Chromium
.017
.007
Copper
.075
.039
Lead
. 017
.008
*Nickel
. 076
.050
Zinc
.058
.024
*Fluoride
2. 350
1.040
*Oil and Grease
. 788
.473
*TSS
1.620
.769
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of sawed
or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Cadmium
.616
. 272
*Chromium
.797
.326
Copper
3. 440
1.810
Lead
. 760
.362
*Nickel
3.480
2.300
Zinc
2.640
1.110
*Fluoride
108.000
47.800
*Oil and Grease
36. 200
21.700
*TSS
74.200
35.300
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to 10
.0 at all times
1665
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Steam Cleaning Condensate
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
steam cleaned
Cadmium
.010
.005
*Chromium
.013
.005
Copper
.057
.030
Lead
.013
.006
*Nickel
.058
.038
Zinc
.044
.018
*Fluoride
1.790
.795
*Oil and Grease
.602
.361
*TSS
1.240
.587
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
Wastewater
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1666
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
tested with dye penetrant methods
Cadmium
.072
.032
*Chromium
.094
.038
Copper
.405
.213
Lead
.090
.043
*Nickel
.409
.271
Zinc
.311
.130
*Fluoride
12.700
5.630
*Oil and Grease
4 . 260
2.560
*TSS
8.740
4.160
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
.084
.037
*Chromium
.108
.044
Copper
.468
. 246
Lead
.104
.049
*Nickel
.473
.313
Zinc
.359
.150
*Fluoride
14.700
6.500
*Oil and Grease
4.920
2.950
*TSS
10.100
4.800
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
1667
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
.276
.122
~Chromium
.357
.146
Copper
1.540
.810
Lead
.340
.162
*Nickel
1.560
1.030
Zinc
1.180
.494
*Fluoride
48.200
21.400
*Oil and Grease
16.200
9.720
*TSS
33.200
15.800
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1668
-------
Table IX-16 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
electrocoated
Cadmium
1.150
. 506
*Chromium
1.480
.607
Copper
6.410
3.370
Lead
1.420
.674
*Nickel
6.470
4.280
Zinc
4.920
2.060
*Fluoride
201.000
89.000
*Oil and Grease
67.400
40.500
*TSS
138.000
65.700
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1669
-------
Table IX-17
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1i zed
BPT Discharge
Operat i on
cn
O
Ro11ing
Draw ing
Metal Powder Production
Cast 1ng
Direct Chill Casting
Shot Casting
Stationary Casting
Semi-Continuous and
Continuous Casting
Heat Treatment
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Wet atomization wastewater
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
1 /kkg
0
77. 1
0
47.5
3.12
6,600
10,800
3,670
0
10,300
4 , 1 70
gal/ton
0
18.5
0
11.4
0 . 74B
1 ,600
2,590
880
0
2,480
1 ,000
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of precious metals rolled
with emu 1s i Ons
Mass of precious metals drawn
with emu 1s i ons
Mass of precious metals drawn
with soap solutions
Mass of precious metals powder
produced by wet atomization
Mass of precious metals cast
by the direct chill method
Mass of precious metals shot
cast
Mass of precious metals cast
by the semi-continuous or
continuous method
Mass of extruded precious
metals heat treated
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Spent baths
Ri nsewater
Spent baths
96.3
6, 160
60.0
23. 1
1 ,480
14,4
Mass of precious metals
surface treated
Mass of precious metals
surface treated
Mass of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
-------
Table IX-17 (Continued)
BPT REGULATORV FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Alkaline Cleaning
Waste Stream
R i nsewater
Norma 1 i zed
BPT Discharge
1/kkg gal/ton
1t,200 2,690
Production Normalizing
Paramet er
Mass of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
On
—1
Tumbling or Burnishing
Sawing or Grinding
Pressure Bonding
Prebonding wastewater
Wastewater
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
11,600
12,100
0
93.4
83 .5
2 , 770
2,910
D
22 . 4
20.0
Mass of precious metal and
base metal cleaned prior to
bonding
Mass of precious metals
tumbled or burnished with
water-based media
Mass of precious metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Mass of precious metal and base
metal pressure bonded and sub-
sequently cooled with water
Degreasing Spent solvents
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
0
0
0
0
-------
Table IX-18
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
rolled with emulsions
*Cadmium
.026
.012
Chromium
.034
.014
*Copper
.147
.077
*Cyanide
.022
.009
*Lead
.032
.015
Nickel
.148
.098
*Silver
.032
.013
Zinc
.113
.047
*Oil and Grease
1.540
.925
*TSS
3.160
1.510
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1672
-------
Table IX-18
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of ]
precious metals
drawn with emulsions
*Cadmium
.016
.007
Chromium
.021
.009
*Copper
. 090
.048
*Cyanide
.014
.006
*Lead
.020
.010
Nickel
.091
.060
*Silver
.020
.008
Zinc
.069
.029
*Oil and Grease
.950
.570
*TSS
1.950
.926
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with soap solutions
*Cadmium
.0011
. 0005
Chromium
. 0014
.0006
*Copper
.0059
.0031
*Cyanide
.0009
. 0004
*Lead
.0013
. 0006
Nickel
.0060
.0040
*Silver
.0013
.0005
Zinc
.0046
.0019
*Oil and Grease
.0624
.0375
*TSS
.1280
.0609
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
1673
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
powder wet atomized
*Cadmium
2.270
1.000
Chromium
2.940
1.200
*Copper
12.700
6.680
*Cyanide
1.940
.802
*Lead
2.810
1.340
Nickel
12.800
8.490
*Silver
2.740
1.140
Zinc
9.750
4.080
*Oil and Grease
134.000
80.200
*TSS
274.000
130.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
cast by the direct chill method
*Cadmium
3.670
1.620
Chromium
4.750
1.950
*Copper
20.500
10.800
*Cyanide
3.130
1.300
*Lead
4.540
2.160
Nickel
20.800
13.700
*Silver
4.430
1.840
Zinc
15.800
6.590
*Oil and Grease
216.000
130.000
*TSS
443.000
211.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1674
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
shot cast
*Cadmium
1.250
. 551
Chromium
1.620
.661
*Copper
6.980
3.670
*Cyanide
1.070
.441
*Lead
1.540
.734
Nickel
7.050
4.660
*Silver
1.510
.624
Zinc
5.360
2.240
*Oil and Grease
73.400
44.100
*TSS
151.000
71.600
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1675
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant
property
any
one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-
lbs) of precious metals cast
by the semi-continuous or
continuous
method
*Cadmium
3.500
1.550
Chromium
4.530
1.860
*Copper
19.600
10.300
*Cyanide
2.990
1.240
*Lead
4.330
2.060
Nickel
19.800
13.100
*Silver
4.230
1.750
Zinc
15.100
6.290
*Oil and Grease
206.000
124.000
*TSS
423.000
201.000
*pH
Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of extruded precious
metals heat treated
*Cadmium
1.420
.626
Chromium
1.840
.751
*Copper
7.930
4.170
*Cyanide
1.210
.501
*Lead
1.750
.834
Nickel
8.010
5.300
*Silver
1.710
.709
Zinc
6.090
2.550
*Oil and Grease
83.400
50.100
*TSS
171.000
81.300
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1676
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of extruded precious
metals heat treated
*Cadmium
.033
.015
Chromium
.042
.017
*Copper
.183
.096
*Cyanide
.028
.012
*Lead
.041
.019
Nickel
.185
.123
*Silver
.040
.016
Zinc
.141
.059
*Oil and Grease
1.930
1.160
*TSS
3.950
1.880
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
2.100
.924
Chromium
2.710
1.110
*Copper
11.700
6.160
*Cyanide
1.790
.739
*Lead
2.590
1.230
Nickel
11.800
7.830
*Silver
2.530
1.050
Zinc
9.000
3.760
*Oil and Grease
123.000
73.900
*TSS
253.000
120.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
1677
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
.020
.009
Chromium
.026
.011
*Copper
.114
.060
*Cyanide
.017
.007
*Lead
.025
.012
Nickel
.115
.076
*Silver
.025
.010
Zinc
.088
.037
*Oil and Grease
1.200
.720
*TSS
2.460
1.170
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
3.810
1.680
Chromium
4.930
2.020
*Copper
21.300
11.200
*Cyanide
3.250
1.350
*Lead
4.710
2.240
Nickel
21.500
14.200
*Silver
4.590
1.910
Zinc
16.400
6.830
*Oil and Grease
224.000
135.000
*TSS
459.000
219.000
*pH Within the range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all
times
1678
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal cleaned prior to bonding
*Cadmium
3.950
1.740
Chromium
5.110
2.090
*Copper
22.100
11.600
*Cyanide
3.370
1.390
*Lead
4.870
2.320
Nickel
22.300
14.800
*Silver
4.760
1.970
Zinc
17.000
7.080
*Oil and Grease
232.000
139.000
*TSS
476.000
226.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
tumbled or burnished
*Cadmium
4.120
1.820
Chromium
5.330
2.180
*Copper
23.000
12.100
*Cyanide
3.510
1.450
*Lead
5.080
2.420
Nickel
23.300
15.400
*Silver
4.960
2.060
Zinc
17.700
7 .380
*Oil and Grease
242.000
145.000
*TSS
496.000
236.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1679
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of precious metals
sawed or ground with
emulsions
*Cadmium
.032
.014
Chromium
.041
.017
*Copper
.178
.093
*Cyanide
.027
.011
*Lead
.039
.019
Nickel
.180
.119
*Silver
.038
.016
Zinc
.137
.057
*Oil and Grease
1.870
1.120
*TSS
3.830
1.820
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1680
-------
Table IX-18 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal pressure bonded
*Cadmium
.028
.013
Chromium
.037
.015
*Copper
.159
.084
*Cyanide
. 024
.010
*Lead
.035
.017
Nickel
.161
.106
*Silver
.034
.014
Zinc
.122
.051
*Oil and Grease
1.670
1.000
*TSS
3.430
1.630
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Precious Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1681
-------
Table IX-19
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Normali zed
BPT Discharge
CT\
00
CO
Operat i on
Ro11lng
Draw i rig
Ext rus i on
Forg i ng
Metal Powder Production
Metal Powder Pressing
Surface Treatment
Alkaline CIean i ng
Mo 1 ten Salt
Tumbling or Burnishing
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils and graphite-
based lubricants
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Spent lubricants
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Wastewater
Floor wash water
Spent lubricants
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent baths
Ri nsewater
R i nsewater
Wastewater
1 /kkg
0
429
0
0
1 , 190
0
323
281
0
0
389
121,000
334
816,000
6,330
12,500
gal /tori
0
103
285
0
77.5
67.3
0
0
93.3
29,100
80.2
196,000
1 ,520
3,000
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Mass of refractory metals
ex truded
Mass of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Mass of refractory metals
powder produced using water
Mass of refractory metals
surface treated
Mass of refractory metals
surface treated
Mass of refractory metals
a 1ka1i ne c1eaned
Mass of refractory metals
a 1ka1i ne c1eaned
Mass of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Mass of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished with
-------
Table IX-19 (Continued)
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Opera 11 on
Sawing or Grinding
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
R i nsewater
a*
03
u>
Dye Penetrant Testing
Equipment Cleaning
Was t ewater
Wastewater
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sou rces
Deg reas ing
Wet Air Pollution Control
Various
Spent solvents
B 1 owdown
Norma1 i zed
BPT Discharge
1 /kkg
0
297
24,300
1 35
77 .6
1 , 360
345
0
787
gal/ton
0
7 1.1
5,620
32.5
18.6
326
83.0
0
189
Production Normalizing
Paramet er
Mass of refractory metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
Mass of refractory metals
sawed or ground with contact
coo 1 i ng water
Mass of refractory metals
sawed or ground and subse-
quently rinsed
Mass of refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant
met hods
Mass of refractory metals
formed on equipment requiring
cleaning with water
Mass of refractory metals
formed
Mass of refractory metals
sawed, ground, surface coated
or surface treated
-------
Table IX-20
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite-Based Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of :
refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Chromium
.189
.077
*Copper
.815
.429
Lead
.180
.086
*Nickel
.824
.545
Silver
.176
.073
Zinc
.627
.262
Columbium
.052
*Fluoride
25.500
11.300
~Molybdenum
2.840
1.470
Tantalum
.193
Vanadium
.043
Tungsten
2.990
1.190
*Oil and Grease
8. 580
5.150
*TSS
17.600
8. 370
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5
to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1684
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Chromium
.524
.214
*Copper
2. 260
1.190
Lead
.500
.238
*Nickel
2.290
1.510
Silver
.488
.203
Zinc
1.740
.726
Columbium
.143
*Fluoride
70.800
31.400
*Molybdenum
7.870
4-070
Tantalum
. 536
Vanadium
. 119
Tungsten
8. 280
3.310
*Oil and Grease
23.800
14.300
*TSS
48.800
23.200
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1685
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Chromium
.142
.058
*Copper
.614
.323
Lead
.136
.065
*Nickel
.620
.410
Silver
.133
.055
Zinc
.472
.197
Columbium
.039
*Fluoride
19.200
8.530
*Molybdenum
2.140
1.110
Tantalum
.146
Vanadium
.032
Tungsten
2.250
.898
*Oil and Grease
6.460
3.880
*TSS
13.300
6.300
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1686
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum
monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of
refractory metals
powder produced
Chromium
.124
.051
*Copper
.534
.281
Lead
.118
.056
*Nickel
.540
.357
Silver
.115
.048
Zinc
.410
.172
Columbium
.034
*Fluoride
16.700
7.420
*Molybdenum
1.860
.961
Tantalum
.127
Vanadium
.028
Tungsten
1.960
.781
*Oil and Grease
5.620
3.370
*TSS
11.500
5.480
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1687
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
.171
.070
*Copper
.739
.389
Lead
.164
.078
*Nickel
.747
.494
Silver
.160
.066
Zinc
.568
.237
Columbium
.047
*Fluoride
23.200
10.300
*Molybdenum
2.570
1.330
Tantalum
.175
Vanadium
.039
Tungsten
2.710
1.080
*Oil and Grease
7.780
4.670
*TSS
16.000
7.590
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1688
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
53.300
21.800
*Copper
230.000
121.000
Lead
50.800
24.200
*Nickel
233.000
154.000
Silver
49.600
20.600
Zinc
177.000
73.800
Columbium
14.500
*Fluoride
7,200.000
3,200.000
*Molybdenum
800.000
414.000
Tantalum
54.500
Vanadium
12.100
Tungsten
842.000
337.000
*Oil and Grease
2,420.000
1,450.000
*TSS
4,960.000
2,360.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1689
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of
refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
.147
.060
*Copper
.635
.334
Lead
.140
.067
*Nickel
.641
.424
Silver
.137
.057
Zinc
.488
.204
Columbium
.040
~Fluoride
19.900
8.820
~Molybdenum
2.210
1.140
Tantalum
.151
Vanadium
.033
Tungsten
2.330
.929
*Oil and Grease
6.680
4.010
*TSS
13.700
6.520
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1690
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
359.000
147.000
*Copper
1,550.000
816.000
Lead
343.000
163.000
*Nickel
1,570.000
1,040.000
Silver
335.000
139.000
Zinc
1,190.000
498.000
Columbium
97.900
*Fluoride
48,600.000
21,600.000
*Molybdenum
5,400.000
2,790.000
Tantalum
367.000
Vanadium
81.600
Tungsten
5,680.000
2,270 .000
*Oil and Grease
16,300.000
9,790.000
*TSS
33,500.000
15,900.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1691
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Chromium
2.790
1.140
*Copper
12.000
6.330
Lead
2.660
1.270
*Nickel
12.200
8.040
Silver
2.600
1.080
Zinc
9.240
3.860
Columbium
.760
*Fluoride
377.000
167.000
~Molybdenum
41.900
21.700
Tantalum
2.850
Vanadium
.633
Tungsten
44.100
17.600
*Oil and Grease
127.000
76.000
*TSS
260.000
124.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1692
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished
Chromium
5. 500
2. 250
*Copper
23.800
12.500
Lead
5.250
2.500
*Nickel
24.000
15.900
Silver
5.130
2.130
Zinc
18.300
7.630
Columbium
1.500
*Fluoride
744.000
330.000
*Molybdenum
82.600
42.800
Tantalum
5.630
Vanadium
1.250
Tungsten
87.000
34.800
*Oil and Grease
250.000
150.000
*TSS
513.000
244.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1693
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
.131
.054
*Copper
.565
.297
Lead
.125
.059
*Nickel
.570
.377
Silver
.122
.051
Zinc
.434
.181
Columbium
.036
*Fluoride
17.700
7.840
~Molybdenum
1.970
1.020
Tantalum
.134
Vanadium
.030
Tungsten
2.070
.826
*Oil and Grease
5.940
3.570
*TSS
12.200
5.790
*pH Within
the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
1694
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
10.700
4.380
*Copper
46.200
24.300
Lead
10.200
4.860
*Nickel
46.700
30.900
Silver
9.970
4.130
Zinc
35.500
14.800
Columbium
2.920
*Fluoride
1
,450.000
642.000
*Molybdenum
161.000
83.100
Tantalum
11.000
Vanadium
2.430
Tungsten
169.000
67.600
*Oil and Grease
486.000
292.000
*TSS
997.000
474.000
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1695
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Chromium
.059
.024
*Copper
.257
.135
Lead
.057
.027
*Nickel
.259
.172
Silver
.055
.023
Zinc
.197
.082
Columbium
.016
*Fluoride
8.030
3.570
~Molybdenum
.893
.462
Tantalum
.061
Vanadium
.014
Tungsten
.940
.376
*Oil and Grease
2.700
1.620
*TSS
5.540
2.630
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1696
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
.034
.014
*Copper
.148
.078
Lead
.033
. 016
*Nickel
.149
. 099
Silver
.032
. 013
Zinc
.113
. 047
Columbium
.009
*Fluoride
4.620
2.050
*Molybdenum
. 513
. 266
Tantalum
.035
Vanadium
.008
Tungsten
.540
. 216
*Oil and Grease
1.550
. 931
*TSS
3.180
1. 520
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
1697
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
.599
.245
*Copper
2.590
1.360
Lead
.571
.272
*Nickel
2.610
1.730
Silver
.558
.231
Zinc
1.990
.830
Columbium
.163
*Fluoride
80.900
35.900
*Molybdenum
8.990
4.650
Tantalum
.612
Vanadium
.136
Tungsten
9.470
3.780
*Oil and Grease
27.200
16.300
*TSS
55.800
26.500
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
1698
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum
monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of
refractory metals
formed
Chromium
.152
.062
*Copper
.656
.345
Lead
.145
.069
*Nickel
.663
.438
Silver
.142
.059
Zinc
.504
.211
Columbium
.041
*Fluoride
20.500
9 .110
*Molybdenum
2. 280
1.180
Tantalum
.155
Vanadium
.035
Tungsten
2.400
.959
*Oil and Grease
6.900
4.140
*TSS
14.200
6.730
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1699
-------
Table IX-20 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Refractory Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
.346
.142
*Copper
1.500
.787
Lead
.331
.158
*Nickel
1.510
1.000
Silver
.323
.134
Zinc
1.150
.480
Columbium
.095
*Fluoride
46.800
20.800
*Molybdenum
5.200
2.690
Tantalum
.354
Vanadium
.079
Tungsten
5.480
2.190
*Oil and Grease
15.800
9.450
*TSS
32.300
15.400
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
1700
-------
Table IX-21
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1ized
BPT Discharge
Operati on
R o1 1ing
Draw 1ng
Extrusion
^ Forg i ng
O
Tube Reduc i ng
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Contact cooling water
Spent neat oils
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Equipment cleaning wastewater
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent baths
Rinsewat er
1 / kkg
0
4,800
0
0
71.9
170
0
2,000
40 , 0
1,010
0
0
208
29,200
240
2 ,760
gal/ton
0
1,170
0
0
17.2
42 . a
0
479
9 . 60
242
0
0
49 . 9
7 ,000
57 . 5
663
Production Normalizing
Parame t e r
Mass of titanium rolled with
contact cooling water
Mass of titanium extruded with
emu t s i ons
Mass of titanium extruded
Mass of forged titanium cooled
with water
Mass of titanium forged on
equipment requiring cleaning
with water
Mass of titanium forged
Mass of titanium surface
t reated
Mass of titanium surface
t realed
Mass of titanium alkaline
c1eaned
Mass of titanium alkaline
c1eaned
-------
Table IX-21 (Continued)
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 11 zed
BPT Discharge
Production Normalizing
Operation Waste Stream 1/kkg gal/ton Parameter
Mo 1ten Salt
ftinsenater
955
2 29
Mass of titanium treated with
mo 1 ten salt
Tumb t1ng
Wastewater
790
1 89
Mass of titanium tumbled with
water-based media
Sawing or Grinding
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
O
to
Dye Penetrant Testing
Contact cooling water
Wastewater
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Degreasi ng
Wet Air Pollution Control
Vari ous
Spent solvents
B1owdown
0
183
4, 760
1 , 1 20
32.4
0
43.8
1 , 140
268
7.77
Mass of titanium sawed or
ground with an emulsion
Mass of titanium sawed or
ground with contact cooling
wat er
Mass of titanium tested with
dye penetrant methods
Mass of titanium formed
0
2, 140
0
514
Mass of titanium surface
treated or forged
-------
Table IX-22
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Titanium Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
rolled with contact cooling water
Chromium
2.150
.879
Copper
9.270
4.880
*Cyanide
1.420
.586
*Lead
2.050
.976
Nickel
9.370
6.200
*Zinc
7.130
2.980
*Ammonia
651.000
286.000
*Fluoride
291.000
129.000
Titanium
4.590
2.000
*Oil and Grease
97.600
58.600
*TSS
200.000
95.200
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1703
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded with emulsions
Chromium
.032
.013
Copper
.137
.072
*Cyanide
.021
.009
*Lead
.030
.014
Nickel
.138
.091
*Zinc
.105
.044
*Ammonia
9.590
4.220
*Fluoride
4.280
1.900
Titanium
.068
.030
*0il and Grease
1.440
.863
*TSS
2.950
1.400
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded
Chromium
.078
.032
Copper
.338
.178
*Cyanide
.052
.021
*Lead
.075
.036
Nickel
.342
.226
*Zinc
.260
.109
*Ammonia
23.700
10.500
*Fluoride
10.600
4.700
Titanium
.168
.073
*0il and Grease
3.560
2.140
*TSS
7.300
3.470
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
1704
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Titanium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of forged titanium
cooled with water
Chromium
.880
.360
Copper
3.800
2.000
*Cyanide
.580
.240
*Lead
.840
.400
Nickel
3.840
2.540
*Zinc
2.920
1.220
*Airanonia
267.000
117.000
*Fluoride
119.000
52.800
Titanium
1.880
.«20
*Oil and Grease
40.000
24.000
*TSS
82.000
39.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
1705
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
Maximum for Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
.018
.007
Copper
.076
.040
*Cyanide
.012
.005
*Lead
.017
.008
Nickel
.077
.051
*Zinc
.058
.024
*Ammonia
5.330
2.350
*Fluoride
2.380
1.060
Titanium
.038
.016
*Oil and Grease
.800
.480
*TSS
1.640
.780
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
Maximum for Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
.445
.182
Copper
1.920
1.010
*Cyanide
.293
.121
*Lead
.424
.202
Nickel
1.940
1.280
*Zinc
1.480
.616
*Ammonia
135.000
59.200
*Fluoride
60.100
26.700
Titanium
.950
.414
*Oil and Grease
20.200
12.100
*TSS
41.400
19.700
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1706
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Titanium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
.092
.038
Copper
.395
.208
*Cyanide
.060
.025
*Lead
.087
.042
Nickel
.400
.264
*Zinc
.304
.127
*Ammonia
27.700
12.200
*Fluoride
12.400
5.490
Titanium
.196
.085
*Oil and Grease
4.160
2.500
*TSS
8. 530
4.060
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
1707
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
12.900
5.260
Copper
55.500
29.200
*Cyanide
8.470
3.510
*Lead
12.300
5.840
Nickel
56.100
37.100
*Zinc
42.700
17.800
*Ammonia
3,890.000 1,
710.000
*Fluoride
1,740. 000
771.000
Titanium
27.500
12.000
*Oil and Grease
584.000
351.000
*TSS
1,200.000
570.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
.106
.043
Copper
.456
. 240
*Cyanide
.070
.029
*Lead
.101
.048
Nickel
.461
.305
*Zinc
.351
.147
*Ammonia
32.000
14.100
*Fluoride
14.300
6.340
Titanium
.226
.098
*Oil and Grease
4.800
2.880
*TSS
9.840
4.680
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1708
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
1.220
.497
Copper
5.250
2.760
*Cyanide
.801
.331
*Lead
1.160
.552
Nickel
5.300
3.510
*Zinc
4.030
1.690
*Ammonia
368.000
162.000
*Fluoride
164.000
72.900
Titanium
2.600
1.130
*0il and Grease
55.200
33.100
*TSS
113.000
53.800
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
treated with molten salt
Chromium
.420
.172
Copper
1.820
.955
*Cyanide
.277
.115
*Lead
.401
.191
Nickel
1.840
1.210
*Zinc
1. 400
.583
*Ammonia
128.000
56.000
*Fluoride
56.800
25.200
Titanium
.898
.392
*Oil and Grease
19.100
11.500
*TSS
39.200
18.600
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1709
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Tumbling Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of titanium
tumbled
Chromium
.348
.142
Copper
1.500
.790
*Cyanide
.229
.095
*Lead
.332
.158
Nickel
1.520
1.010
*Zinc
1.160
.482
*Ammonia
106.000
46.300
*Fluoride
47.000
20.900
Titanium
.743
.324
*Oil and Grease
15.800
9.480
*TSS
32.400
15.400
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1710
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
.081
.033
Copper
.348
.183
*Cyanide
.053
.022
*Lead
.077
.037
Nickel
.352
.233
*Zinc
.267
.112
*Ammonia
24.400
10.700
*Fluor ide
10.900
4.830
Titanium
.172
.075
*Oil and Grease
3.660
2.200
*TSS
7.510
3.570
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
2.100
.857
Copper
9.050
4.760
*Cyanide
1.380
. 571
*Lead
2.000
.952
Nickel
9.140
6.050
*Zinc
6.950
2.910
*Ammonia
635.000
279.000
*Fluoride
283.000
126.000
Titanium
4.480
1.950
*Oil and Grease
95.200
57.100
*TSS
195.000
92.800
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
1711
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
.493
.202
Copper
2.130
1.120
*Cyanide
.325
.135
*Lead
.471
.224
Nickel
2.150
1.420
*Zinc
1.640
.683
*Ammonia
149.000
65.700
*Fluoride
66.700
29.600
Titanium
1.050
.459
*Oil and Grease
22.400
13.500
*TSS
45.900
21.900
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Hydrotesting Wastewater
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1712
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/mi111on off^lbs) of titanium" formed
Chromium
. 014
.006
Copper
.062
.032
*Cyanide
.009
.004
*Lead
.014
.006
Nickel
.062
.041
*Zinc
.047
.020
*Ammonia
4.320
1.900
*Fluoride
1. 930
.856
Titanium
.031
.013
*Oil and Grease
.648
. 389
*TSS
1.330
.632
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Titanium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1713
-------
Table IX-22 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Titanium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
.385
2.140
.257
.428
2.720
1.310
126.000
56.500
.878
25.700
41.800
^pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
Chromium
.942
Copper
4.070
*Cyanide
.621
*Lead
.899
Nickel
4.110
*Zinc
3.130
*Ammonia
285.000
*Fluoride
128.000
Titanium
2.010
*Oil and Grease
42.800
*TSS
87.800
1714
-------
Table IX-23
BPT R EGULATORV FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Ope rat ion
Ext rusIon
Waste Stream
Spent lubricants
Tool contact cooling water
No rmali zed
BPT Discharge
1 /kkg
0
344
gaI/tan
0
B2.5
Fa rgi ng
Heat Treatment
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
~
1 ,900
0
455
H Surface Treatment
cn
Spent baths
R i nsewat er
27 . 2
337
6.52
80.9
Sawing or Grinding
Spent emulsions
5 . 68
1 . 36
Contact cooling water
1 ,650
395
Rinsewater 4.65 1.12
Area Cleaning Washwater 42.9 10.3
Decreasing Spent solvents 0 0
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of uranium extruded with
tools requiring contact cool"
i ng with water
Mass of extruded or forged
uranium heat treated and
subsequently cooled with water
Mass of uranium surface
treated
Mass of uranium surface
t reated
Mass of uranium sawed or
ground with emulsions
Mass of uranium sawed or
ground with contact cooling
water
Mass of uranium sawed or
ground and subsequently rinsed
Mass of uranium formed
-------
Tabie IX-23 (Continued)
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Norma 1i zed
BPT Discharge
Waste Stream
t /kkg
ga1/ton
Wet Air Pollution Control
B1owdown
3.49
0.836
Drum Washwater
Laundry Washwater
Wastewater
Wastewater
44. 3
52.4**
10.6
12.6**
*Li ters/employee-day.
I—1
' **Ga11ons/emp1oyee-day.
CTl
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of uranium surface
treated
Mass of uranium formed
Emp1oyee-day
-------
Table IX-24
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of uranium
extruded
*Cadmium
.117
.052
*Chromium
.152
.062
*Copper
.654
.344
*Lead
.145
.069
*Nickel
.661
.437
Zinc
.502
.210
*Fluor ide
20.500
9.080
*Molybdenum
2.280
1.180
Uranium
2.240
1.630
*Oil and Grease
6.880
4.130
*TSS
14.100
6.710
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1717
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of extruded or forged
uranium heat treated
*Cadmium
.646
.285
*Chromium
.836
.342
*Copper
3.610
1.900
*Lead
.798
.380
*Nickel
3.650
2.420
Zinc
2.780
1.160
*Fluoride
113.000
50.200
^Molybdenum
12.600
6.500
Uranium
12.400
8.990
*Oil and Grease
38.000
22.800
*TSS
77.900
37.100
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
.009
.004
*Chromium
.012
.005
*Copper
.052
.027
*Lead
.011
.005
*Nickel
.052
.035
Zinc
.040
.017
*Fluoride
1.620
.718
*Molybdenum
.180
.093
Uranium
.177
.129
*Oil and Grease
.544
.327
*TSS
1.120
.531
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1718
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
.115
.051
*Chromium
.148
.061
*Copper
.641
.337
*Lead
.142
.067
*Nickel
.647
.428
Zinc
.492
.206
*Fluoride
20.100
8.900
~Molybdenum
2. 230
1.150
Uranium
2.190
1.600
*Oil and Grease
6.740
4.050
*TSS
13.800
6.570
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
.0019
.0009
*Chromium
.0025
.0010
*Copper
.0108
.0057
*Lead
.0024
.0011
*Nickel
.0109
.0072
Zinc
.0083
.0035
*Fluoride
.3380
.1500
~Molybdenum
.0376
.0194
Uranium
.0369
.0269
*Oil and Grease
.1140
.0682
*TSS
.2330
.1110
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
1719
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Cadmium
.561
.248
*Chromium
.726
.297
*Copper
3.140
1.650
*Lead
.693
.330
*Nickel
3.170
2.100
Zinc
2.410
1.010
*Fluoride
98.200
43.600
*Molybdenum
10.900
5.650
Uranium
10.700
7.810
*Oil and Grease
33.000
19.800
*TSS
67.700
32.200
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of sawed or ground
uranium rinsed
*Cadmium
.0016
.0007
*Chromium
.0021
.0008
*Copper
.0088
.0047
*Lead
.0020
.0009
*Nickel
.0089
.0059
Zinc
.0068
.0028
*Fluoride
.2770
.1230
*Molybdenum
.0308
.0159
Uranium
.0302
.0220
*Oil and Grease
.0930
.0558
*TSS
.1910
.0907
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1720
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Area Cleaning Washwater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
.015
.006
*Chromium
.019
.008
*Copper
.082
.043
*Lead
.018
.009
*Nickel
.082
.055
Zinc
.063
.026
*Fluor ide
2.550
1.130
*Molybdenum
.284
.147
Uranium
.279
.203
*Oil and Grease
.858
.515
*TSS
1.760
.837
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1721
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for Maximum
any one day monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
.0012
.0005
~Chromium
.0015
.0006
*Copper
.0066
.0035
*Lead
.0015
.0007
~Nickel
.0067
.0044
Zinc
.0051
.0021
*Fluoride
.2080
.0922
~Molybdenum
.0231
.0120
Uranium
.0227
.0165
*Oil and Grease
.0698
.0419
*TSS
.1430
.0681
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Uranium Forming
Drum Washwater
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of uranium
formed
~Cadmium
.015
.007
~Chromium
.020
.008
~Copper
.084
.044
~Lead
.019
.009
~Nickel
.085
.056
Zinc
.065
.027
~Fluoride
2.640
1.170
~Molybdenum
.293
.152
Uranium
.288
.210
~Oil and Grease
.886
.532
~TSS
1.820
.864
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1722
-------
Table IX-24 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Uranium Forming
Laundry Washwater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/employee-day uranium formed
Cadmium
17 .800
7.860
Chromium
23.100
9.430
Copper
99.600
52.400
Lead
22.000
10.500
Nickel
101.000
66.600
Zinc
76.500
32.000
Fluoride
3,120.000
1,390.000
Molybdenum
347.000
179.000
Uranium
341.000
248.000
Oil and Grease
1,050.000
629.000
TSS
2,150.000
1,020.000
pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
1723
-------
Table IX-25
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1i zed
BPT Discharge
Operat i on
-J
NJ
R o 1 1 i n g
Draw i ng
Cast i ng
Direct Chill Casting
Stationary Casting
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Sawing or Grinding
Degreas i ng
EI ect rocoat i ng
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Spent emulsions
Spent solvents
R i nsewater
1 /kkg
0
1 .39
536
5.80
505
0
763
88.7
3,580
3.55
1 ,690
23.8
0
2 , 290
ga1/ton
0
0.334
129
1 . 39
121
0
183
21.3
859
0.850
405
5.71
0
550
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of zinc rolled with
emu 1s i ons
Mass of zinc rolled with
contact cooling water
Mass of zinc drawn with
emu 1s i ons
Mass of zinc cast by the
direct chill method
Mass of zinc heat treated and
subsequently cooled with water
Mass of zinc surface treated
Mass of zinc surface treated
Mass of zinc alkaline cleaned
Mass of zinc alkaline cleaned
Mass of zinc sawed or ground
with emu 1s i ons
Mass of zinc e1ectrocoated
-------
Table
ZINC FORMING
BPT EFFLUENT
IX-26
SUBCATEGORY
LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
.0006
.0003
*Copper
.0026
.0014
*Cyanide
.0004
.0002
Nickel
.0027
.0018
*Zinc
.0020
.0009
*Oil and Grease
.0278
.0167
*TSS
.0570
.0271
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
BPT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with contact cooling water
*Chromium .236 .097
*Copper 1.0 20 .536
*Cyanide .156 .064
Nickel 1.030 .681
*Zinc .783 .327
*Oil and Grease 10.700 6.430
*TSS 22.000 10.500
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1725
-------
Table IX-26 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
drawn with emulsions
*Chromium
.0026
.0011
*Copper
.0110
.0058
*Cyanide
.0017
.0007
Nickel
.0112
.0074
*Zinc
.0085
.0035
*Oil and Grease
.1160
.0696
*TSS
.2380
.1130
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
BPT
Zinc Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of zinc
cast
by the direct chill method
*Chromium
.222
.091
*Copper
.960
.505
*Cyanide
.147
. 061
Nickel
.970
.642
*Zinc
.738
.308
*Oil and Grease
10.100
6.060
*TSS
20.700
9.850
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1726
-------
Table IX-26 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of
process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zinc Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of zinc
heat treated
*Chromium
.336
.138
*Copper
1.450
.763
*Cyanide
. 221
.092
Nickel
1.470
.969
*Zinc
1.120
.466
*Oil and Grease
15.300
9.160
*TSS
31.300
14.900
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatement Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
.039
.016
*Copper
.169
.089
*Cyanide
.026
.011
Nickel
.171
.113
*Zinc
.130
.054
*Oil and Grease
1.780
1.070
*TSS
3.640
1.730
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1727
-------
Table IX-26 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
580
800
040
880
230
71.600
147.000
.645
3.580
.430
4.550
2.190
43.000
69.800
kpH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
.0016
. 0006
*Copper
. 0068
.0036
*Cyanide
.0010
. 0004
Nickel
.0068
.0045
*Zinc
.0052
.0022
*Oil and Grease
.0710
.0426
*TSS
.1460
.0692
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1728
-------
Table IX-26 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.744
3.210
.490
3.250
2.470
33.800
69.300
304
690
203
150
030
20.300
33.000
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Zinc Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
*Copper
*Cyanide
Nickel
*Zinc
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.011
.045
. 007
.046
.035
.476
.976
.004
.024
.003
.030
.015
. 286
.464
kpH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1729
-------
Table IX-26 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zinc Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zinc Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
electrocoated
*Chromium 1.010 .412
*Copper 4.350 2.290
*Cyanide .664 .275
Nickel 4.400 2.910
*Zinc 3.350 1.400
*Oil and Grease 45.800 27.500
*TSS 93.900 44.700
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1730
-------
Table-IX-27
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORV
Operation
-J
U>
Ro 1 ling
Draw1ng
Ext rusi on
Swag 1ng
Tube Reducing
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Mo 11en Sa1t
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent lubricants
Spent lubricants
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent neat oils
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Ri nsewater
Norma H zed
BPT Di scharge
1 /kkg ga 1 /t o n
0 0
0 0
0 0
237 56.9
Production Normalizing
Parameter
0
0
343
340
8 ,860
1 ,600
31,400
7 , 560
0
0
82.3
81.5
2, 130
384
7 ,530
1,8 10
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
ext ruded
Mass of zirconium-hafnium heat
treated and subsequently
cooled with water
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
treated with molten salt
-------
Table IX-27 (Continued)
BPT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat ion
Waste Stream
Sawing or Grinding
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
-J
u>
to
Inspection and Testing
Ri nsewater
Wastewater
Degreasi ng
Wet Air Pollution Control
Spent solvents
B1owdown
Normalized
BPT Discharge
1 / kkg
gal/ton
Production Normalizing
Parameter
0
28 1
321
1 ,800
15.4
0
0
0
67 .4
77.0
431
3.70
0
0
Mass of zircon1um-hafn1um
sawed or ground with emulsions
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact
coo 11ng water
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground and subse-
quently rinsed
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
tested
Degrees1ng
Ri nsewater
0
0
-------
Table IX-28
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for Maximum
any one day monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
*Chromium
.104
.043
Copper
.451
.237
*Cyanide
.069
.029
Lead
.100
.047
*Nickel
.455
.301
Zinc
.346
.145
*Ammonia
31.600
13.900
*Fluoride
14.100
6. 260
Zirconium
6.830
3.300
*Oil and Grease
4.740
2.850
*TSS
9.720
4.620
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1733
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Swaging Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
heat treated
*Chromium
.151
.062
Copper
.652
.343
*Cyanide
.100
.041
Lead
.144
.069
*Nickel
.659
.436
Zinc
.501
.209
*Ammonia
45.700
20.100
*Fluoride
20.400
9.060
Zirconium
9.880
4.770
*Oil and Grease
6.860
4.120
*TSS
14.100
6.690
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1734
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
.150
.061
Copper
.646
.340
*Cyanide
.099
.041
Lead
.143
.068
*Nickel
.653
.432
Zinc
.497
.208
*Ammonia
45.300
19.900
*Fluoride
20.300
8.980
Zirconium
9 .790
4.730
*Oil and Grease
6.800
4.080
*TSS
14.000
6.630
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for Maximum
any one day monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
3.910
1.600
Copper
16.900
8.880
*Cyanide
2.580
1.070
Lead
3.730
1.780
*Nickel
17.100
11.300
Zinc
13.000
5.420
*Ammonia
1,190.000
521.000
*Fluoride
529.000
235.000
Zirconium
256.000
124.000
*Oil and Grease
178.000
107.000
*TSS
364.000
173.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1735
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
.704
.288
Copper
3.040
1.600
*Cyanide
.464
.192
Lead
.672
.320
*Nickel
3.070
2.030
Zinc
2.340
.976
*Ammonia
213.000
93.800
*Fluoride
95.200
42.300
Zirconium
46.100
22.300
*Oil and Grease
32.000
19.200
*TSS
65.600
31.200
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
13.800
5.650
Copper
59.700
31.400
*Cyanide
9.110
3.770
Lead
13.200
6.280
*Nickel
60.300
39.900
Zinc
45.900
19.200
*Ammonia
4,190.000
1,840.000
*Fluoride
1,870.000
829.000
Zirconium
905.000
437.000
*Oil and Grease
628.000
377.000
*TSS
1,290.000
613.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1736
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
treated with molten salt
~Chromium
3.330
1.360
Copper
14.400
7.560
*Cyanide
2.190
.907
Lead
3.180
1.510
*Nickel
14.500
9.600
Zinc
11.100
4.610
*Ammonia
1
,010.000
443.000
*Fluoride
450.000
200.000
Zirconium
218.000
105.000
*Oil and Grease
151.000
90.700
*TSS
310.000
148.000
*pH Within
the range
of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1737
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-
lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium
.124
.051
Copper
.534
.281
*Cyanide
.082
.034
Lead
.118
.056
*Nickel
.540
.357
Zinc
.410
.172
*Aitunonia
37.500
16.500
*Fluoride
16.700
7.420
Zirconium
8.090
3.910
*Oil and Grease
5.620
3.370
*TSS
11.500
5.480
*pH Within the range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-
lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling
water
*Chromium
.141
.058
Copper
.610
.321
*Cyanide
.093
.039
Lead
.135
.064
*Nickel
.617
.408
Zinc
.469
.196
*Aitunonia
42.800
18.800
*Fluoride
19.100
8.480
Zirconium
9.250
4.460
*Oil and Grease
6.420
3.850
*TSS
13.200
6.260
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1738
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property any
one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-
lbs) of sawed or ground
zirconium-hafnium rinsed
*Chromium
.792
.324
Copper
3.420
1.800
*Cyanide
.522
.216
Lead
.756
.360
*Nickel
3.460
2.290
Zinc
2.630
1.100
*Ammonia
240.000
106.000
*Fluoride
107.000
47.500
Zirconium
51.900
25.000
*Oil and Grease
36.000
21.600
*TSS
73.800
35.100
*pH Within the range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Inspection and Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property any
one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-
lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
tested
*Chromium
.007
.003
Copper
.029
.015
*Cyanide
.004
.002
Lead
.006
.003
*Nickel
.030
.020
Zinc
.023
.009
*Ammonia
2.050
.903
*Fluoride
.917
.407
Zirconium
.444
.214
*Oil and Grease
.308
.185
*TSS
.632
.301
*pH Within the range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1739
-------
Table IX-28 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
BPT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Rinse
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1740
-------
Table IX-29
BPT REGULATORS' FLOWS FOR
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Metal Powder Production
Waste Stream
Atomi zat ion wastewater
No rma1ized
BPT Discharge
1 /kkg
5 , 040
gal/ton
1,210
Tumbling, Burnishing or
C 1 ean i ng
Ws stewater
4 ,400
1 ,050
Sawing or Grinding
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
0
10.1
0
4.33
-J
Contact cooling water
1 ,620
3B9
Sizing
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
0
14.6
0
3 .50
Steam Treatment Wet Air
Pollution Control
0i1-Resin Impregnation
Degreas i ng
Hot Pressing
B1owdown
Spent neat oils
Spent sol vent s
Contact cooling water
792
0
0
8 ,000
190
0
0
2,110
Mixing Wet Air Pollution
Control
B1owdown
7,900
1 ,090
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of powder produced by
wet atomization
Mass of powder metallurgy
parts tumbled, burnished or
cleaned with water-based media
Mass of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with
emu 1s i ons
Mass of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with
contact cooling water
Mass of powder sized using
emu 1s i ons
Mass of metallurgy parts steam
t reated
Mass of powder cooled with
water after pressing
Mass of powder mixed
-------
Table IX-30
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property
any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of powder
wet atomized
Chromium
2.220
.907
*Copper
9.580
5.040
*Cyanide
1.460
.605
*Lead
2.120
1.010
Nickel
9.680
6.400
Zinc
7.360
3.080
Aluminum
32.400
16.100
Iron
6.050
3.080
*Oil and Grease
101.000
60.500
*TSS
207.000
98.300
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
BPT
Metal Powders
Tumbling, Burnishing,
or Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or
Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property
any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Chromium
1.940
.792
*Copper
8.360
4.400
*Cyanide
1.280
.528
*Lead
1.850
.880
Nickel
8.450
5.590
Zinc
6.430
2.690
Aluminum
28.300
14.100
Iron
5.280
2.690
*Oil and Grease
88.000
52.800
*TSS
181.000
85.800
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
1742
-------
Table IX-30 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-
lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground
with
emulsons
Chromium
.008
.003
*Copper
.034
.018
*Cyanide
.005
.002
*Lead
.008
.004
Nickel
.035
.023
Zinc
.026
.011
Aluminum
.117
.058
Iron
. 022
.011
*Oil and Grease
.362
.217
*TSS
.742
.353
*pH
Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1743
-------
Table IX-30 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
.713
.292
*Copper
3.080
1.620
*Cyanide
.470
.195
*Lead
.681
.324
Nickel
3.110
2.060
Zinc
2.370
.988
Aluminum
10.400
5.190
Iron
1.950
.988
*Oil and Grease
32.400
19.500
*TSS
66.400
31.600
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
BPT
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1744
-------
Table IX-30 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
Maximum for Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of powder
sized
Chromium
.006
.003
*Copper
.028
.015
*Cyanide
.004
.002
*Lead
.006
.003
Nickel
.028
.019
Zinc
.021
.009
Aluminum
.094
.047
Iron
.018
.009
*Oil and Grease
.292
.175
*TSS
.599
.285
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
BPT
Metal Powders
Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or
Maximum for Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts steam treated
Chromium
.349
.143
*Copper
1.510
.792
*Cyanide
. 230
.095
*Lead
.333
.159
Nickel
1.520
1.010
Zinc
1.160
.483
Aluminum
5.090
2.540
Iron
.951
.483
*Oil and Grease
15.900
9.510
*TSS
32.500
15.500
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1745
-------
Table IX-30 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Oil-Resin Impregnation Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Metal Powders
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BPT
Metal Powders
Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder
cooled after pressing
Chromium
3.870
1.590
*Copper
16.700
8.800
*Cyanide
2.550
1.060
*Lead
3.700
1.760
Nickel
16.900
11.200
Zinc
12.900
5.370
Aluminum
56.600
28.200
Iron
10.600
5.370
*Oil and Grease
176.000
106.000
*TSS
361.000
172.000
*pH Within
the range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1746
-------
Table IX-30 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT
Metal Powders
Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder
mixed
Chromium
3.480
1.420
*Copper
15.000
7.900
*Cyanide
2.290
.948
*Lead
3.320
1.580
Nickel
15.200
10.100
Zinc
11.600
4.820
Aluminum
50.800
25.300
Iron
9.480
4.820
*Oil and Grease
158.000
94.800
*TSS
324.000
154.000
*pH Within
the range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1747
-------
Table IX-31
ALLOWABLE DISCHARGE CALCULATIONS FOR REFRACTORY METALS
FORMING PLANT X IN EXAMPLE 1 (NICKEL)
Waste Stream
Refractory Metals Rolling
Spent Emulsion
Average
Dai 1y
Product ion
(off-kg/day)
60
BPT
Regu1atory
One-Day
MaxImum
Ni Discharge
(mg/off-kg)»
0.824
BPT
Regu1atory
Monthly
Average
Ni Discharge
(mg/off-kg)*
0.545
BPT
A11owab1e
One-Day
Max imum
Ni Discharge
for Plant X
(rug/day)
49,4
BPT
A 11owab!e
Mont h1y
Average
Ni Discharge
for Plant X
(mg/day)
32.7
-J
*These values are taken from Table IX-25 (Refractory Metals Forming Subcategory),
00
~•Allowable discharge concentrations (mg/1) can be calculated by dividing these values by the plant's
daily process water discharge (liters/day).
-------
Table IX-32
ALLOWABLE DISCHARGE CALCULATIONS FOR LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH
FORMING PLANT V IN EXAMPLE 2 (TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS)
Waste Stream
Lead Shot Casting Contact Coaling
Wa ter
Ave rage
Da i 1 y
Product i on
Ł off-kg/day)
1 ,000
BPT
Regu1 story
One-Day
Max i mum
TSS Discharge
(mg/a f f-kg)*
1 .53
BPT
BPT
BPT
Regu1 at o ry
Mont h1y
Average
TSS Discharge
(mg/of f-kg)*
0 . 720
Allowable Allowable
One-Day Monthly
Maximum Average
TSS Discharge TSS Discharge
for Plant V for Plant Y
(mg/day) (mg/day)
1 ,530
728
Lead Extrusion Press or Solution
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling
Wa ter
A , 200
59 . 1
20 , 1
248,220
118,020
Lead Extrusion Press Hydraulic
Fluid Leakage
4, 200
2 .26
1 . 07
9 ,492
4 , 494
-J
J*.
<Ł>
Lead Swaging Spent Emulsion 4,000
Lead Alkaline Cleaning Spent Bath 4,000
0.0726
4.92
0 . 0345
2.34
290
19,6B0
1 3B
9 , 360
-------
Table IX-32 (Continued)
allowable discharge calculations for lead-tin-bismuth
FORMING PLANT V IN EXAMPLE 2 (TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS)
BPT BPT
BPT BPT Allowable Allowable
Regulatory Regulatory One-Day Monthly
Average One-Day Monthly Maximum Average
Daily Maximum Average TSS Discharge TSS Discharge
Production TSS Discharge TSS Discharge for Plant V for Plant V
Waste Stream (off-kg/day) (mg/off-kg)* (mg/off-kg)* (mg/day) (mg/day)
Lead Alkaline Cleaning Rinsewater 4,000 96.8 46.0 387,200 184,000
316,740
or 0.317
kg/day
(0.098
1b/day)
-J
tn
O *These values are taken from Table IX-13 (Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory).
•~Allowable discharge concentrations (mg/1) can be calculated by dividing these values by the plant's
daily process water discharge (liters/day).
666,412
or 0.666
kg/day
( 1 .47
1b/day)
-------
Tat) 1 e IX-33
ALLOWABLE DISCHARGE CALCULATIONS FOR NICKEL-COBALT AND TITANIUM
FORMING PLANT Z IN EXAMPLE 3 (NICKEL)
-------
Table IX-33 (Continued)
ALLOWABLE DISCHARGE CALCULATIONS FOR NICKEL-COBALT AND TITANIUM
FORMING PLANT Z IN EXAMPLE 3 (NICKEL)
Waste Stream
Titanium Wet Air Pollution
Control Scrubber Blowdown
Average
Da i 1 y
Product ion
(off-kg/day)
10
BPT
Regulatory
One-Day
Max 1 mum
Ni Discharge
(mg/off-kg)*
4.11
BPT
Regu1atory
Month 1y
Average
Ni Discharge
(mg/off-kg)*
2.72
BPT
A 1]owab1e
One-Day
Max i mum
Ni Discharge
for Plant Z
(mg/day)
41
BPT
A 1 1owab1e
Month 1y
Average
Ni Discharge
for Plant Z
(mg/day)
27
Titanium Miscellaneous Waste-
water Sources
0.11
0.062
0.041
256,196
169,203
U1
w
or 0.256
kg/day
(0.565
1b/day)
or 0.169
kg/day
(0.373
1b/day)
~These values are taken from Tables IX-19 and IX-28 (Nieke 1-Coba11 Forming and Titanium
Forming Subcategories, respectively).
••Allowable discharge concentrations (mg/1) can be calculated by dividing these values by the plant's
dally process water discharge (liters/day).
-------
Table IX-34
ALLOWABLE DISCHARGE CALCULATIONS FOR NICKEL-COBALT AND TITANIUM
FORMING PLANT Z IN EXAMPLE 3 (CYANIDE)
Waste Stream
Nickel Forging Contact Cooling
Water
Ave rage
Da i 1 y
Production
(off-kg/day)
500
BPT
Regu1 at ory
One-Day
Max i mum
CM D i scharge
(mg/off-kg)*
BPT
Regu)atory
Month 1y
Average
CN Discharge
(mg/off-kg)*
BPT
A 11owable
One-Day
Ma x i mum
CN Discharge
for P1 ant Z
(mg/day)
BPT
A 1 louable
Month 1 y
Ave rage
CN D i scharge
for Plant Z
(mg/day)
Nickel Surface Treatment Spent
Bath
400
-J
U)
Nickel Surface Treatment Rinse-
water
Nickel Surface Treatment Wet
Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Nickel Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Titanium Forging Contact
Coo 11ng Wat er
Titanium Surface Treatment
Spent Bath
Titanium Surface Treatment
Rinsewater
400
400
500
100
10
10
0.5B0
0.061
8.47
0.240
0.025
3.51
0
58
0.61
84. 7
24
0. 25
35 . 1
-------
Table IX-34 (Continued)
ALLOWABLE DISCHARGE CALCULATIONS FOR NICKEL-COBALT AND TITANIUM
FORMING PLANT Z IN EXAMPLE 3 (CYANIDE)
Waste Stream
Titanium Wet Air Pollution
Control Scrubber Blowdown
Average
Dai 1 y
Product i on
(off-kg/day)
10
BPT
Regu1atory
One-Day
Max i mum
CN Discharge
(mg/off-kg)*
0.621
BPT
Regu1 at ory
Month 1y
Average
CN Discharge
(mg/off-kg)*
0. 257
BPT
A 11owab1e
One-Day
Max imum
CN Discharge
for PI ant Z
(mg/day)
6.21
BPT
A 11owab1e
Month t y
Average
CN Discharge
for PI ant Z
(mg/day)
2.57
Titanium Miscellaneous Waste-
water Sources
0. 1
0.010
0.004
1 .0
0.4
150.5
62.3
«v]
-------
Chemical Addilion
Removal if OH
,m<| Creaa*
Chemlcal
Ad
-------
SECTION X
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
The effluent limitations in this section apply to existing direct
dischargers. A direct discharger is a facility which discharges
or may discharge pollutants into waters of the United States.
These effluent limitations, which were to be achieved by July 1,
1984, are based on the best control and treatment technology
employed by a specific point source within the industrial
category or subcategory, or by another industry where it is
readily transferable. Emphasis is placed on additional treat-
ment techniques applied at the end of the treatment systems
currently employed for BPT, as well as improvements in reagent
control, process control, and treatment technology optimization.
The factors considered in assessing best available technology
economically achievable (BAT) include the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the process employed, process changes,
nonwater quality environmental impacts (including energy require-
ments), and the costs of application of such technology. BAT
technology represents the best existing economically achievable
performance of plants of various ages, sizes, processes, or other
characteristics. Those categories whose existing performance is
uniformly inadequate may require a transfer of BAT from a
different subcategory or category. BAT may include process
changes or internal controls, even when these are not
common industry practice. This level of technology also
considers those plant processes and control and treatment
technologies which at pilot plants and other levels have
demonstrated both technological performance and economic
viability at a level sufficient to justify investigation.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO BAT
The Agency reviewed and evaluated a wide range of technology
options to ensure that the most effective technologies were used
as the basis of BAT. To accomplish this, the Agency examined
three technology alternatives which could be applied to
nonferrous metals forming as BAT options and which would
represent substantial progress toward prevention of
pollution of the environment above and beyond progress
achievable by BPT. The statutory assessment of BAT considers
costs, but does not require a balancing of costs against
effluent reduction benefits [see Weyerhaeuser v. Costle, 11
ERC 2149 (D.C. Cir. 1978)]; however, in assessing the proposed
BAT, the Agency has given substantial weight to the
reasonableness of costs.
1757
-------
EPA evaluated three levels of BAT for the category at proposal.
Option 1 is BPT treatment. Option 2 is BPT treatment plus flow
reduction and in-plant controls. Option 3 provides additional
levels of treatment, including filtration. Options 1, 2, and 3
technologies are, in general, equally applicable to all the
subcategories of the nonferrous metals forming category Each
treatment produces similar concentrations of pollutants in the
effluent from all subcategories. Mass limitations derived from
these options will vary, however, because of the impact of
different production normalized wastewater discharge flow
allowances.
In summary form, the treatment technologies which were considered
as BAT for the nonferrous metals forming category are:
Option 1 (Figure X-l):
Oil skimming,
Lime and settle (chemical precipitation of metals
followed by sedimentation), and
pH adjustment; and, where required,
Iron coprecipitation,
Chemical emulsion breaking,
Ammonia steam stripping,
Cyanide removal, and
Hexavalent chromium reduction.
(This option is the technology on which BPT is based.)
Option 2 (Figure X-l):
Option 1, plus process wastewater flow reduction by the
following methods:
Contact cooling water recycle through cooling towers
or holding tanks.
Air pollution control scrubber liquor recycle.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing or other water effi-
cient methods applied to surface treatment rinses
and alkaline cleaning rinses.
Use of periodic batch discharges or decreased flow
rate for molten salt rinse.
- Recycle of equipment cleaning wastewater, tumbling
and burnishing wastewater, and other wastewater
streams through holding tanks with provision for
suspended solids removal, if necessary.
Option 3 (Figure X-2):
Option 2, plus multimedia filtration at the end
of the Option 2 treatment train. In addition to
filtration, ion exchange was added to the end-of-
pipe treatment train for the removal of gold, where
necessary.
1758
-------
Option 1
Option 1 is the BPT end-of-pipe treatment technology. This
treatment train depicted in Figure X-l consists of preliminary
treatment, when necessary, consisting of chemical emulsion
breaking and oil skimming, ammonia steam stripping, cyanide
removal, and hexavalent chromium reduction. The effluent from
preliminary treatment is combined with other wastewaters for
combined treatment by oil skimming and lime and settle Iron
coprecipitation is added to the end-of-pipe treatment train when
necessary to remove molybdenum.
Option 2
Option 2, depicted in Figure X-2, builds upon the BPT end-of-pipe
treatment technologies by incorporating in-process flow reduction
measures. The flow reduction measures eliminate some wastewater
streams and concentrate the pollutants in others. Treatment of
more concentrated streams allows a greater net removal of
pollutants. Additionally, treating a reduced flow reduces
costs. Methods for reducing process wastewater generation or
discharge include:
Contact Cooling Water Recycle Through Cooling Towers or Holding
Tanks. The cooling and recycle of contact cooling water from
heat treatment and casting operations was reported for 50
operations in this category. Contact cooling water recycle is
also demonstrated by nonferrous metals manufacturing plants,
aluminum forming plants, copper forming plants, and metal molding
and casting (foundry) plants. The function of contact cooling
water is to remove heat quickly from the nonferrous metals.
Therefore, the principal requirements of the water are that it be
cool and not contain dissolved solids at a level that would cause
water marks or other surface imperfections. There is sufficient
industry experience to assure the success of recycle using
cooling towers or heat exchangers. For operations with low
cooling water flow rates, holding tanks should be sufficient to
recycle the cooling water. Although no cooling water was
reported to be discharged from 26 operations by reason of
continued recycle, some blowdown or periodic cleaning is likely
to be needed to prevent a build-up of dissolved and suspended
solids.
Scrubber Liquor Recycle~ The recycle of scrubber liquor from wet
air pollution control devices was reported for 32 operations in
this category. The scrubber water picks up particulates and
fumes from the air. Scrubbers and other wet air pollution
control devices have relatively low water quality requirements
for efficient operation, accordingly, recycle of scrubber liquor
is appropriate for nonferrous metals forming operations. For
eight operations, complete recycle of scrubber water with no
discharge is practiced. However, a blowdown or periodic cleaning
may be necessary in some cases to prevent the build-up of
dissolved and suspended solids.
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Countercurrent Cascade Rinsing Applied to Surface Treatment
Rinses and Alkaline Cleaning Rinses. Countercurrent cascade
rinsing is a mechanism commonly encountered in nonferrous metals
processing operations (see Section VII). The cleanest water is
used for final rinsing of an item, preceded by rinse stages using
water with progressively more contaminants to partially rinse the
item. Fresh make-up water is added to the final rinse stage, and
contaminated rinse water is discharged from the initial rinse
stage. The make-up water for all but the final rinse stage is
from the following stage.
The countercurrent cascade rinsing process substantially improves
efficiencies of water use for rinsing. For example, the use of a
two-stage countercurrent cascade rinse can reduce water usage to
less than one-tenth of that needed for a single-stage rinse to
achieve the same level of product cleanliness. Similarly, a
three-stage countercurrent cascade rinse would reduce water usage
to approximately one-hundredth. Through information supplied by
plants in dcps or obtained during sampling visits by the Agency,
countercurrent cascade rinsing is known to be practiced at six
nonferrous metals forming plants. Most plants did not provide
sufficient information in the dcp to classify the type of rinsing
performed in their operations. Nonetheless, there is sufficient
industry experience in countercurrent cascade rinsing to assume
that a large number of plants use such rinsing operations. The
installation of countercurrent cascade rinsing is applicable to
existing nonferrous metals forming plants because surface
treatment and alkaline cleaning operations are usually
discrete operations and space is generally available for
additional rinse tanks following these operations.
Periodic Batch Discharge or Decreased Flow Rate Applied to Molten
Salt Rinse. Discharge flows from molten salt rinrs operations
can be significantly reduced by discharging the rinse on a
periodic basis instead of continuously or by decreasing the rinse
application rate. These flow reduction techniques are
demonstrated at three plants in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory, one plant in the refractory metals forming
subcategory, and one plant in the zirconium-hafnium forming
subcategory.
Recycle of Wastewater Through Holding Tanks With Suspended Solids
Removal if Necessary. Discharge flows from a number of
nonferrous metals forming operations can be significantly
reduced by recycle through holding tanks. For streams with
high concentrations of suspended solids, it may be necessary to
add a suspended solids removal step such as filtration,
centrifugation, or gravity settling to the recycle circuit.
The recycle of wastewater after suspended solids removal is
demonstrated at plants in the nonferrous metals forming
category and in other point source categories such as
battery manufacturing. For instance, at one nonferrous metals
forming plant, over 90 percent of the wastewater from a tumbling
operation is recycled through a centrifuge and holding tank. A
few plants reported total recycle of some waste streams,
1760
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e.g., wastewater from one tumbling operation is completely
recycled with no discharge. Although total recycle was
reported by some plants, the Agency believes a blowdown or
periodic cleaning may be necessary to prevent the build-up of
dissolved solids and suspended solids in the recycle circuit.
Option 3
Option 3, depicted in Figure X-2, builds upon the technical
requirements of Option 2 by adding conventional mixed-media
filtration after the Option 2 technology treatment train. Ion
exchange is added to the end-of-pipe treatment train for the
precious metals forming subcategory for removal of gold and other
precious metals.
The Agency briefly considered a fourth option, filtration without
flow reduction. This option would have been equivalent to Option
1 with the addition of conventional mixed-media filtration after
the Option 1 technology treatment train. However, flow reduction
greatly reduces the size of the wastewater treatment system
required, and hence its costs. Simultaneously, the efficiency of
the treatment system is increased. For these reasons, the Agency
concluded that filtration without flow reduction was not a
practicable operation. Also, greater pollutant removals could be
achieved by implementing in-process flow reduction prior to end-
of-pipe treatments, including multimedia filtration. For waste
streams which cannot be flow-reduced, this option is equivalent
to Option 3.
Industry Cost and Environmental Benefits of the Various Treatment
Options
The Agency estimated the costs and benefits of the implementation
of each of the options described above in order to evaluate their
economic achievability. The capital and annual costs of each
option were estimated for each subcategory. Additional plant-
specific information collected after proposal permitted the
Agency to expand the scope of cost estimation from model plants
representative of a costing group (the proposal cost methodology)
to a plant-by-plant approach where compliance cost estimates are
prepared for each plant. Plant-by-plant cost estimates were
prepared for 149 discharging plants in the nonferrous metals
forming category, including the 37 direct discharge plants.
Total subcategory cost estimates are presented in Table X-l for
each option. The cost estimates for direct dischargers are
presented in Table X-2. All costs are based on March 1982
dollars.
The cost methodology has been described in detail in Section
VIII. As discussed in Section VIII, the plant-by-plant costs
were estimated in one of three ways: (1) through use of a
computer cost estimation model, (2) through use of cost curves,
or (3) through scaling of costs from other similar facilities.
Selecting the appropriate method for each plant was based primar-
ily on the quality and timeliness of the information available
)
1761
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for that plant. Capital and annual costs are based on treatment
of the total flow of process wastewater from each plant, regard-
less of its source. The cost of compliance with the nonferrous
metals forming effluent limitations and standards was then
determined as a portion of the total plant cost. Costs were also
apportioned between subcategories when a plant had operations
associated with more than one nonferrous metals forming subcate-
gory. This costing methodology accounts for the fact that many
nonferrous metals forming plants also generate wastewater from
other industrial categories or generate wastewater from opera-
tions associated with more than one nonferrous metals forming
subcategory. The costs for the 149 nonferrous metals forming
plants were extrapolated to estimate the compliance cost for the
additional nine plants for which detailed information was not
available.
Capital and annual cost data for the selected treatment processes
were obtained from three sources (1) equipment manufacturers, (2)
literature data, and (3) cost data from existing plants. The
major source of equipment costs was contacts with equipment
vendors, while the majority of annual cost information was
obtained from the literature. Additional cost and design data
were obtained from data collection portfolios, when possible.
Pollution reduction benefit estimates were calculated for each
option for each subcategory. Total subcategory benefit estimates
are presented in Tables X-3 through X-ll. Benefits for direct
dischargers are presented in Tables X-ll through X-20. Benefits
for indirect dischargers are presented in Section XII.
The first step in the calculation of pollutant reduction benefit
estimates was the calculation of production normalized raw waste
values. The sampling data collected during the field sampling
program and summarized in Section V were used to characterize the
waste streams in each nonferrous metals forming subcategory. At
each sampled facility, the sampling data were converted into
production normalized values (i.e., mass of pollutants generated
per mass of product manufactured) for each waste stream. The
production normalized values, referred to as raw waste values in
this document, were used to estimate the mass of pollutants
generated in the subcategory.
The raw waste values for each pollutant were calculated by
multiplying the pollutant concentration (mg/1) by the correspond-
ing waste stream flow (1/unit time) and dividing this result by
the corresponding production (kkg/unit time) associated with
generation of the waste stream. This calculation was performed
for each raw wastewater sample. All raw waste values for a given
waste stream were then averaged to determine the average raw
waste value for the pollutant in that waste stream. The average
raw waste value was used as the basis for estimating the mass of
pollutant generated in the waste stream (kg/yr), also referred to
as the raw waste generation. Average raw waste values were
calculated for all waste streams for which sampling data were
available at the time the benefit calculations were performed.
When sampling data were not available for a given waste stream,
1762
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the raw waste values for a stream with similar water quality
characteristics were used (see Section V of this document). The
raw waste values used in the pollutant reduction benefit calcula-
tions are included in the public record supporting this regula-
tion.
Pollutant reduction benefits were calculated for direct and
indirect dischargers. The benefits for direct and indirect
dischargers were then added to determine total subcategory
benefits. The calculation of pollutant reduction benefits
involves three basic steps: (1) calculation of raw waste genera-
tion, (2) calculation of pollutant discharges, and (3) calcula-
tion of pollutant removals. The raw waste generation (kg/yr)
associated with both direct and indirect dischargers was calcu-
lated for each pollutant for each subcategory. To determine the
total raw waste generation associated with direct or indirect
dischargers for a given pollutant, the raw waste generation of
that pollutant is determined for each waste stream in the subcat-
egory and the results for the individual waste streams are added.
The raw waste generation for individual waste streams is calcu-
lated by multiplying the total waste stream production for direct
or indirect discharge plants (kkg/yr) by the average raw waste
value for the pollutant in the waste stream (kkg/yr x mg/kkg - 1
x 106 = kg/yr).
The mass discharged (kg/yr) for each pollutant for each option
was calculated for both direct and indirect dischargers in each
subcategory. The pollutant discharge mass was calculated by
multiplying the total flow (1/yr) for those waste streams which
enter the treatment system, by the treatment effectiveness
concentration (mg/1) (Table VII-21, p. xxxx) for each pollutant
for the appropriate option. The total flow was determined by
adding the flows for each individual stream discharged to treat-
ment for the option under consideration. The flows for individ-
ual waste streams were calculated by multiplying the total direct
or indirect discharger production for the waste stream (kkg/yr)
by the production normalized regulatory flow (1/kkg) for the
stream (kkg/yr x 1/kkg = 1/yr).
The total mass of pollutant removed was calculated by subtracting
the pollutant discharge mass (kg/yr) from the raw waste genera-
tion (kg/yr).
BAT OPTION SELECTION
The Agency evaluated the compliance costs and benefits for each
of the options considered under BAT on a subcategory-by-
subcategory basis. Compliance costs and benefits for the nonfer-
rous metals forming category are presented in Tables X-l through
X-20. Both Options 2 and 3 provided additional pollutant reduc-
tion beyond that provided by Option 1, the option selected for
BPT.
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EPA has selected Option 3 as the basis for BAT effluent limita-
tions in four subcategories and Option 2 as the basis for five
subcategories. Option 1 was selected as the basis for the BAT
limitations in one subcategory. Table X-23 presents a summary of
the selected BAT option for each subcategory.
Option 3 has been selected as the basis for the BAT limitations
for four subcategories because it increases pollutant removals
over BPT and Option 2, and the incremental removals are high in
relationship to the incremental costs BAT limitations for the
following subcategories are based on Option 3: nickel-cobalt
forming, refractory metals forming, uranium forming, and zinc
forming. Option 3 builds upon the technologies established for
BPT. Flow reduction measures and multimedia filtration are the
principal mechanisms for reducing pollutant discharges at this
option. Flow reduction measures concentrate the pollutants in
wastewater streams. Treatment of a more concentrated stream
allows a greater net removal of pollutants. In addition, flow
reduction lowers the cost of treatment by reducing the flow and
hence pumping and chemical costs and the size of treatment
equipment. In many cases, the costs for reducing a wastewater
flow and treating the reduced flow with lime, settle, and multi-
media filtration are less than the costs of treating a non-
reduced wastewater flow by lime and settle alone. All of the
flow reduction measures included in BAT are demonstrated in the
nonferrous metals forming category as well as other point source
categories.
Filtration is demonstrated at one plant in the nonferrous metals
forming category and numerous plants in other point source
categories as well.
Option 2 has been selected as the basis for BAT limitations for
the following subcategories: lead-tin-bismuth forming, magnesium
forming, precious metals forming, titanium forming, and
zirconium-hafnium forming. Lime and settle treatment is
particularly effective for these subcategories. When it is
applied after flow reduction, the amount of toxic metal
pollutants remaining in the wastewater is not significant. The
application of filters after lime and settle treatment at lead-
tin-bismuth forming, magnesium forming, precious metals forming,
and zirconium-hafnium forming direct dischargers would remove
less than 2 kg/yr of additional toxic metal pollutants, at an
incremental cost of $233,790. The addition of filters to the
end-of-pipe treatment train for titanium forming direct
dischargers would result in the removal of an additional 18.5
kg/yr of toxic metals, at an incremental cost of $122,000. EPA
believes that these costs are not justified by the amount or
toxicity of the additional pollutants removed.
Option 1 has been selected as the basis for BAT limitations for
the metal powders subcategory. None of the direct dischargers in
this subcategory have any of the processes for which additional
flow reduction measures above those included in the Option 1
1764
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model technology were added at Option 2. Since the Agency cannot
show any incremental pollutant removal with the application of
additional flow reduction technologies to direct dischargers, the
BAT limitations are based on Option 1. Thus, BPT and BAT limita-
tions for the metal powders subcategory are equal.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
In each nonferrous metals forming subcategory, the raw wastewater
concentrations from individual operations and the subcategory as
a whole were examined to select those pollutant parameters found
at frequencies and concentrations warranting regulation. In
general, in each subcategory EPA has selected for regulation the
two or three priority metals present at the highest concentra-
tions in the raw waste, because in removing these two or three
priority metals, the lime and settle treatment system also
provides adequate removal of the priority and nonconventional
metal pollutants present at lower concentrations. By
establishing limitations for only two or three priority metal
pollutants instead of all priority metals present at treatable
concentrations, dischargers should attain the same degree of
control as they would have been required to achieve had all
priority metal pollutants been directly limited, with fewer
monitoring and recordkeeping requirements.
In each subcategory, the metal pollutant present in the highest
concentration is the metal being subjected to the forming
operations. In several subcategories the metal pollutant present
in the greatest amount is a priority pollutant (nickel in the
nickel-cobalt forming subcategory, for example). In other
subcategories, the metal pollutant present in greatest amount is
a nonconventional pollutant (titanium in the titanium forming
subcategory, for example). In general, EPA is not regulating
nonconventional metal pollutants, even when they are the metal
being formed. The Agency has concluded that regulation of just
the priority metal pollutants will in most cases ensure the
nonconventional metal pollutants are removed. Further,
establishing regulations for only the priority metal pollutants
allows plants greater flexibility in combining wastewater streams
for treatment which are covered by more than one category or
subcategory, because the pollutants controlled are more likely to
be the same. However, EPA is regulating one nonconventional
metal pollutant, molybdenum, in the refractory metals forming and
uranium forming subcategories. A lime and settle system alone
will not remove molybdenum adequately; it is necessary to add
iron to coprecipitate molybdenum. Molybdenum is present in
significant concentrations at refractory metals plants because it
is one of the refractory metals being formed. It is also present
in significant concentrations at uranium forming plants because
it is used as a major alloying agent in depleted uranium alloys.
As discussed in Section VII, maintaining the correct pH in the
treatment system is important to assure adequate removal of
priority metal pollutants. The Agency believes that by
maintaining the correct pH range for removal of the regulated
1765
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pollutants, removal of the other priority and nonconventional
metal pollutants not specifically regulated should be assured.
The Agency believes that the mechanism and the chemistry of
priority metals removal in a lime and settle system are the same
for all of the priority metals. This theoretical analysis is
supported empirically by performance data of lime and settle
systems collected by the Agency The theoretical background
metal priority pollutants removal as well as the performance have
been presented in Section VII.
The Agency is also regulating certain priority and nonconven-
tional pollutants which must be removed by preliminary treatment
prior to combined wastewater treatment by lime and settle.
Hexavalent chromium is present in the surface treatment baths and
rinses from some subcategories. Hexavalent chromium must be
reduced to the trivalent form prior to combined end-of-pipe
treatment, since only the trivalent form of chromium is removed
by lime and settle treatment Therefore, chromium is
specifically regulated in some subcategories because preliminary
chromium reduction is needed to ensure the removal of this
pollutant when it is present in the hexavalent form. Total
cyanide is regulated in subcategories where it is present at
treatable concentrations, preliminary cyanide precipitation is
needed to remove this pollutant from raw wastewater Ammonia is
regulated in subcategories where it was found at treatable
concentrations; preliminary ammonia steam stripping is needed to
remove the nonconventional pollutant ammonia.
Priority organic pollutants were found in two nonferrous metals
forming waste streams. N-nitrosodiphenylamine was found in a
significant amount in a sample of tube reducing lubricant. In
addition, methylene chloride and toluene were found in the
rinse which followed a solvent cleaning bath which contains
these compounds. The Agency is requiring zero discharge from
these wastewater streams. This requirement affects three
subcategories: nickel-cobalt, titanium, and zirconium-hafnium.
Tube reducing lubricants are currently hauled, rather than
discharged by the majority of plants that generate this waste.
Since they tend to be small in volume and highly concentrated,
the Agency has concluded this is the most practical disposal
alternative. These waste streams can be most economically
handled by intercepting each such waste stream before
mixing it with other process wastewaters and disposing of
it as a solid waste. Treatment of the wastes with
activated carbon after mixing it with other process
wastewaters would be much more expensive. However, the
Agency has provided an alternative to contract hauling for
plants regulated by the nickel-cobalt forming or zirconium-
hafnium forming subcategories. The Agency has provided no
allowance for the discharge of process wastewater pollutants if
the following conditions are met. Once each year the facility
owner or operator, (1) demonstrates the absence of N-nitrosodi-n-
propylamine, N-nitroso-dimethylamine and N-nitrosodiphenylamine
by sampling and analyzing spent tube reducing lubricant; and (2)
-------
certifies that the tube reducing lubricants do not contain amine
compounds, nitrates or nitrite.
Solvents are commonly used by nonferrous metals forming companies
to clean oils from the surface of the metal; these processes are
almost always dry. However, at one plant sampled after proposal,
the Agency observed and sampled an organic solvent cleaning
process that involves the generation of contaminated rinse. EPA
is establishing a zero discharge allowance for this waste
stream. Other plants perform the same process without generating
any wastewater, by using solvents which need not be followed by a
water rinse or by using cleaning agents other than solvents
(e.g., detergents). EPA has based the zero discharge requirement
on a process change which should achieve the same product quality
as a water rinse at very little expense. Instead of operating a
solvent bath followed by a water rinse, this plant can convert
the water rinse into a second solvent cleaning step, or eliminate
the use of solvents entirely Treatment of this wastewater with
activated carbon would be prohibitively expensive.
The Agency found 1,1,1-trichloroethane in small amounts in the
nickel-cobalt, refractory metals, zirconium-hafnium and metal
powders subcategories The Agency also found chlorodibromo-
methane, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate in
small amounts in zinc forming process wastewater. From the
available data, the Agency believes these pollutants are unique
to those sources and are not present as an integral part of the
nonferrous forming process. Therefore, EPA is not regulating
these pollutants. However, the permit writer should consider the
possible presence of priority organic pollutants in nonferrous
metals forming wastewater and, if found, should control them
under this regulation on the basis of best professional judgment
Regulation of priority metal pollutants does not ensure that
fluoride will be adequately removed from raw wastewater since
this pollutant precipitates from the lime and settle treatment
system as calcium fluoride. Control of the metal pollutants
requires the addition of an alkali to raise the pH and cause the
metals to precipitate as hydroxides. As stated in Section VII,
page xxxx, this alkali can be one of several agents. However,
to remove fluoride and metals in the same treatment system, the
alkali most commonly used is lime because it also contributes
calcium that causes precipitation of fluoride. When fluoride is
present at higher concentrations than metal pollutants, the
addition of excess calcium may be necessary to remove fluoride to
the treatment effectiveness concentration shown in Table VII-21
(page ). Therefore, fluoride is specifically regulated in
the six subcategories in which it was found at treatable concen-
trations .
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The conventional pollutant parameters oil and grease, total
suspended solids, and pH are not regulated under BAT. These
pollutants parameters are regulated under the best conventional
technology (BCT) effluent limitations. As discussed in Section
XIII, the BCT effluent limitations guidelines will be developed
after EPA promulgates a final BCT methodology.
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-24 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory. All waste streams
which received a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance
under BAT. The regulatory flows for four waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. The four flow reduced waste streams
are: extrusion press and solution heat treatment contact cooling
water, semi-continuous ingot casting contact cooling water, shot
forming wet air pollution control blowdown, and alkaline cleaning
rinse. Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows for these four
flow reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT regulatory
flows for all other waste streams in the subcategory are equal to
the BPT regulatory flow discussed in Section IX.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment
Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow for this stream
is 144 l/kkg (34.6 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flpw is 90
percent reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle 'through a
cooling tower or holding tank. Holding tanks are used in place
of cooling towers for streams with low flow rates. Extrusion
press and solution heat treatment contact cooling water from
three operations in this subcategory is completely recycled with
no discharge while cooling water from a fourth operation is
recycled and periodically contract hauled. The recycle of heat
treatment contact cooling water is demonstrated in other
nonferrous metals forming subcategories and other point source
categories as well. Although the cooling water from three
operations in this subcategory was reported to be completely
recycled with no discharge or blowdown, the Agency believes a
periodic discharge or bleed stream may be needed to prevent the
build-up of dissolved solids in the recycle circuit.
Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge allowance equal to 10
percent of the BPT flow for this waste stream.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
Water. The BAT regulatory flow for this stream is 2.94 l/kkg
(0.70 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent
reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling
tower or holding tank. The recycle of casting contact cooling
water is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming category
as well as other point source categories.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown.
The BAT regulatory flow for this stream is 5878 l/kkg (14.07
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gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on recycle through a holding tank. The
recycle of wet air pollution control wastewater is demonstrated
in the nonferrous metals forming category as well as other point
source categories.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for this stream is 236 1/kkg (56.5 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow, based
on the application of countercurrent cascade rinsing with sprays.
Although countercurrent cascade rinsing is not used in any of the
four alkaline cleaning rinse operations reported for this
subcategory this technology is demonstrated at other nonferrous
metals forming plants and in other point source categories as
well.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BAT are antimony and lead. These two pollutants were the only
priority pollutants considered for regulation in this
subcategory.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the lead-tin-
bismuth forming subcategory is lime and settle. This is the same
end-of-pipe technology as BPT, with the addition of measures to
reduce the flows from selected waste streams. The end-of-pipe
treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-2. The combination
of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the
removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is
demonstrated and technically achievable.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the lead-tin-bismuth
forming subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum
and ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory
flows summarized in Table X-24 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-25.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-3, the application of BAT
level treatment to the total lead-tin-bismuth forming subcategory
will remove approximately 6,520 kg/yr (14,345 lbs/yr) of
pollutants including 249 kg/yr (548 lbs/yr) of priority
1769
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pollutants. As shown in Table X-13, the application of BAT to
direct dischargers only will remove approximately 1,710
kg/yr (3,762 lbs/yr) of pollutants including 49 kg/yr (108
lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. Since there are only three
direct discharge plants in this subcategory, total subcategory
capital and annual costs and direct discharger capital .and
annual costs will not be reported in this document in order
to protect confidentiality claims. The Agency has determined
that the BAT limitations are economically achievable.
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-26 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the magnesium forming subcategory. All waste streams which
received a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance under
BAT. The regulatory flows for three waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures The three flow reduced waste streams
are: forging contact cooling water, forging equipment cleaning
wastewater, and surface treatment rinse. Calculation of the BAT
regulatory flows for these three flow reduced streams is
discussed below. The BAT regulatory flows for all other waste
streams in the subcategory are equal to the BPT regulatory flows
discussed in Section IX.
Magnesium Forging Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow
for this stream is 289 1/kkg (69.3 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory
flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle
through a holding tank or cooling tower. Holding tanks are used
in place of cooling towers for streams with low flow rates. The
recycle of forging contact cooling water is demonstrated in one
operation in this subcategory where total recycle of the cooling
water with no discharge was reported. Contact cooling water
recycle is also demonstrated in other nonferrous forming
subcategories as well as other point source categories.
Although total recycle with no discharge was reported for one
forging operation in this subcategory, the Agency believes that
a periodic blowdown or bleed stream of cooling water may be
necessary to prevent the build-up of dissolved solids in the
recycle circuit. Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge
allowance equal to 10 percent of the BPT flow for this waste
stream.
Magnesium Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. The BAT
regulatory flow for this stream is 3.99 1/kkg (0.959 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on recycle through a holding tank with provision
for removal of suspended solids, if necessary, by filtration,
gravity settling, or another suspended solids removal step. The
recycle of waste-water through holding tanks with suspended
solids . removal if necessary is demonstrated in the
1770
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nonferrous metals forming category as well as other point
source categories.
Magnesium Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
this stream is 1,890 1/kkg (452 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory
flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow, based on the
application of countercurrent cascade rinsing. This technology
is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming category and
other point source categories.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The only priority pollutants considered for
regulate were total chromium and zinc. Total chromium and
zinc selected for regulation under BAT along with the
nonconventionals pollutants ammonia and fluoride. Although
effluent limitations guidelines and standards for magnesium
were proposed, no limitations for magnesium were
established in the final regulation. This is because
regulation of the priority metal pollutants chromium and zinc
should ensure that magnesium is removed. The technology
required for removal of chromium and zinc (lime and settle) will
also remove magnesium.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the magnesium
forming subcategory is lime and settle. This is the same end-of-
pipe technology as BPT, with the addition of measures to reduce
the flows from selected waste streams. The end-of-pipe treatment
configuration is shown in Figure X-2. The combination of in-
process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the removals
of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is demonstrated and
technically feasible.
Effluent Limitations
Table VIl-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the magnesium forming
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and ten-
day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory flows
summarized in Table X-26 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-27. Although no
limitations have been established for magnesium, Table X-27
includes magnesium mass discharge limitations attainable using
the BAT model technology. These limitations are presented
for the guidance of permit writers. Only daily maximum
limitations are presented, based on the detection limit for
magnesium (0.10 mg/1), because lime and settle treatment was
determined to remove magnesium to below the level of analytical
quantification. The attainable monthly average discharge is
1771
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expected to be lower than the one-day maximum limitation, but
since it would be impossible to monitor for compliance with a
lower level, no monthly average has been presented. The
limitation table lists all the pollutants which were
considered for regulation. Those specifically regulated
are marked with an asterisk.
l
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-4, the application of BAT
level treatment to the total magnesium forming subcategory will
remove approximately 34,100 kg/yr (75,020 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 16,900 kg/yr (37,180 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants.
As shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $158,500 and $99,000 per
year, respectively. As shown in Table X-14, the application of
BAT to direct dischargers only will remove approximately 29,035
kg/yr (63,880 lbs/yr) of pollutants including 14,800 kg/yr
(32,560 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. As shown in Table X-2,
the corresponding capital and annual costs (1982 dollars) for
this removal are $79,400 and $45,500, respectively. The Agency
has determined that the BAT limitations are economically
achievable.
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-28 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the nickel-cobalt forming subcategory. All waste streams which
received a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance under
BAT. The regulatory flows for eight waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. The eight flow reduced waste streams
are: rolling contact cooling water, forging contact cooling
water, forging equipment cleaning wastewater, stationary casting
contact cooling water, surface treatment rinse, alkaline
cleaning rinse, molten salt rinse, and sawing or grinding
rinse. Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows for these eight
streams is discussed below. The BAT regulatory flows for all
other waste streams in the subcategory are equal to the BPT
regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory
flow for this stream is 75.4 1/kkg (18.0 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 98 percent reduction of the BPT regulatory
flow, based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding tank.
Holding tanks are used in place of cooling towers for streams
with low flow rates. Ninety-eight percent recycle of rolling
contact cooling water is demonstrated in one rolling operation
from this subcategory. Total recycle of the contact cooling
water with no discharge was reported for two other operations.
Although zero discharge was reported for two operations, the
1772
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Agency believes a periodic discharge or bleed stream may be
needed in order to prevent the build-up of dissolved solids in
the recycle circuit. Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge
allowance equal to 2 percent of the BPT allowance for this waste
stream.
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory
flow for forging contact cooling water is 24.5 1/kkg (5.89
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding
tank. Recycle of forging contact cooling water is demonstrated
by one plant in this subcategory where over 95 percent recycle is
achieved (although this plant reported discharging 53.5 1/kkg
(12.8 gal/ton)). Contact cooling water recycle is also
demonstrated at other nonferrous forming plants as well as in
other point source categories.
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. The BAT
regulatory flow for this stream is 4.00 1/kkg (0.957 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if necessary, by gravity settling,
filtration, or another suspended solids removal step. Recycle
through holding tanks with suspended solids removal when
necessary is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming
category and other point source categories.
Nickel-Cobalt Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for this waste stream is 1,210 1/kkg (290
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding
tank. Recycle of stationary casting contact cooling water is
demonstrated by one plant in this subcategory where total recycle
of the cooling water with no discharge was reported. Casting
contact cooling water recycle is also demonstrated at other
nonferrous metals forming plants and plants in other categories.
Although one plant in this subcategory reported total recycle
with no discharge, the Agency believes a periodic discharge or
bleed stream may be needed to prevent the build-up of dissolved
solids in the recycle loop. Therefore, EPA has provided a
discharge allowance equal to 10 percent of the BPT flow for this
waste stream.
Nickel-Cobalt Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for surface treatment rinse is 2,360 1/kkg (565 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on the application of countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated by one
plant in this subcategory and plants in other subcategories of
this category, as well as plants in other point source
categories. Another method for reducing or eliminating the
discharge from surface treatment rinses is to recycle the
effluent from wastewater treatment to the surface treatment
rinse operation. This practice was reported by one plant in
the nickel-cobalt forming subcategory. Reuse of surface
1773
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treatment rinse for molten salt rinsing was also reported
by one plant in this subcategory.
Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for alkaline cleaning rinse is 233 1/kkg (55.8 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on the application of countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Another method for reducing or eliminating the
discharge of alkaline cleaning rinse is to recycle wastewater
treatment effluent to the alkaline cleaning rinse operation.
This practice is demonstrated by one plant in the nickel-forming
subcategory.
Nickel-Cobalt Molten Salt Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
molten salt rinse is 844 1/kkg (202 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow, based
on the use of periodic batch discharge or decreased flow rate, as
demonstrated by three plants currently discharging at less than
the BAT regulatory flow.
Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for this waste stream is 181 1/kkg (43.5 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow, based
on recycle through a holding tank with provision for removal of
fines, if necessary, by gravity settling, filtration or another
suspended solids removal step. Recycle through holding tanks
with provision for suspended solids removal when necessary is
demonstrated in this category as well as other point source
categories.
Regulated Pollutants !
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT aie listed in ,
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were '
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BAT are j
total chromium, nickel, and fluoride. The priority metal
pollutants cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, listed in Section i
VI, are not regulated under BAT. These pollutants are expected j
to be adequately removed by achievement of the limitations for
chromium, nickel, and fluoride.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the
nickel-cobalt forming subcategory is lime settle and filter.
This adds filtration to the BPT end-of-pipe technology, and
in-process controls to reduce the flows from selected waste
streams. The end-of-pipe treatment configuration is shown in
Figure X-3. This combination of in-process control and end-
of-pipe technology increases the removals of pollutants over
that achieved by BPT and is demonstrated and technically
feasible.
1774
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Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the nickel-cobalt forming
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and ten-
day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory flows
summarized in Table X-28 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-29. Although no
limitations have been established for cadmium, copper, lead or
zinc, Table X-29 includes mass discharge limitations for these
pollutants which are attainable using the BAT model technology.
The limitation table lists all of the pollutants which were
considered for regulation. Those specifically regulated are
marked with an asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-5, the application of BAT
level treatment to the total nickel-cobalt forming subcategory
will remove approximately 817,000 kg/yr (1,800,000 lbs/yr) of
pollutants including 103,500 kg/yr (28,000 lbs/yr) of priority
pollutants. As shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and
annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $4,115 million
and $2,401 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-
15, the application of BAT to direct dischargers only will remove
approximately 34,800 kg/yr (76,600 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 10,950 kg/yr (24,100 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants.
As shown in Table X-2, the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $0,493 million and $0,242
million per year, respectively. The Agency has determined that
the BAT limitations are economically achievable.
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-30 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the precious metals forming subcategory. All waste streams which
received a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance under
BAT. The regulatory flows for eight waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. The eight flow reduced waste streams
are: direct chill casting contact cooling water, shot casting
contact cooling water, semi-continuous and continuous casting
contact cooling water, heat treatment contact cooling water,
surface treatment rinse, alkaline cleaning rinse, alkaline
cleaning prebonding wastewater, and tumbling or burnishing
wastewater. Calculation of BAT regulatory flows for these
eight flow reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT
regulatory flows for all other waste streams in the subcategory
are equal to the BPT regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
1775
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Precious Metals Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water. The
BAT regulatory flow for this waste stream is 1,080 1/kkg (259
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding
tank. Holding tanks are used in place of cooling towers for
streams with low flow rates. Recycle of direct chill casting
contact cooling water is demonstrated at one precious metals
forming plant where total recycle of the cooling water with no
discharge was reported. Casting contact cooling water recycle is
demonstrated at other nonferrous metals forming plants as well as
at plants in other point source categories. Although total
recycle with no discharge was reported by one precious metals
forming plant, the Agency believes a periodic discharge or bleed
stream may be needed to prevent the build-up of dissolved solids
in the recycle circuit. Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge
allowance equal to 10 percent of the BPT allowance for this waste
stream.
Precious Metals Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for shot casting contact cooling water is 367
1/kkg (88.0 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent
reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling
tower or holding tank. The recycle of casting contact cooling
water is thoroughly demonstrated in this category and other point
source categories.
Precious Metals Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow for this waste stream is
1,030 1/kkg (248 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90
percent reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through a
cooling tower or holding tank. Recycle of semi-continuous and
continuous casting contact cooling water is demonstrated at two
plants in the precious metals forming subcategory where total
recycle with no discharge of cooling water was reported. Casting
contact cooling water recycle is also demonstrated at other
nonferrous forming plants and in other point source categories.
Although two plants in this subcategory reported total recycle
with no discharge of cooling water, EPA believes a periodic
blowdown or bleed stream may be needed to prevent the build-up of
dissolved solids in the recycle circuit. Therefore, EPA has
provided a discharge allowance equal to 10 percent of the BPT
flow allowance for this waste stream.
Precious Metals Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for heat treatment contact cooling water is 417
1/kkg (100 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent
reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through a cooling
tower or holding tank. The recycle of contact cooling water is
demonstrated in several precious metals forming heat treatment
operations. In three operations, total recycle of the cooling
water with no discharge of cooling water was reported. Only
periodic discharges of contact cooling water were reported for
three other operations. Although total recycle of the cooling
water was reported for three heat treatment operations, the
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Agency believes a periodic blowdown or bleed stream from the
recycle circuit may be necessary to prevent the build-up of
dissolved solids. Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge
allowance equal to 10 percent of the BPT flow allowance for this
waste stream.
Precious Metals Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for surface treatment rinse is 616 1/kkg (148 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow,
based on two-stage countercurrent cascade rinsing.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing was reported for two surface
treatment rinse operations in this subcategory; a three-stage
countercurrent cascade rinse was utilized in one operation while
the other operation used a two-stage countercurrent cascade
rinse. Although neither countercurrent cascade rinse operation
was achieving the BAT regulatory flow, the Agency believes that
these operations could achieve the BAT flow if better water use
practices such as a lower rinse application rate were used.
Three plants in the subcategory currently meet the BAT regulatory
flow for surface treatment rinse.
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for alkaline cleaning rinse is 1,120 1/kkg (268 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on the application of two-stage countercurrent
cascade rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated
in this category and other point source categories.
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater. The BAT
regulatory flow for this waste stream is 1,160 l/kkg (277
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on counter flow between stages or recycle of
one rinse stage in power scrublines. For small scale, "by-hand"
type operations, flow reduction is based on operation of spray or
free flowing rinses only during the actual rinsing operation.
The BAT regulatory flow is currently achieved by four of the
eight reported alkaline cleaning prebonding operations.
Precious Metals Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater. The BAT
regulatory flow for this waste stream is 1,210 1/kkg (290
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow, based on recycle through a holding tank with
provision for suspended solids removal, if needed, by gravity
settling, filtration or another suspended solids removal
step. Recycle of wastewater through holding tanks with
provision for suspended solids removal when necessary is
demonstrated in this category and other point source categories.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BAT are cadmium, copper, lead, silver, and total cyanide. The
priority metal pollutants total chromium, nickel, and zinc,
1777
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listed in Section VI, are not specifically regulated under
BAT. These pollutants are expected to be adequately removed by
achievement of the limitations for the regulated pollutants.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the precious
metals forming subcategory is lime and settle. This is the same
end-of-pipe technology as BPT, with the addition of measures to
reduce the flows from selected waste streams. The end-of-pipe
treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-2. This combination
of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the
removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is
demonstrated and technically achievable.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the precious metals
forming subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum
and ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory
flows summarized in Table X-30 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-31. Although no
limitations have been established for chromium, nickel, or zinc,
Table X-31 includes mass discharge limitations for these
pollutants which are attainable using the BAT model
technology. These limitations are presented for the guidance
of permit writers. The limitation table lists all of the
pollutants which were considered for regulation. Those
specifically regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-6, the application of BAT
level treatment to the total precious metals forming subcategory
will remove approximately 15,300 kg/yr (33,700 lbs/yr) of
pollutants including 213 kg/yr (470 lbs/yr) of priority
pollutants. As shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and
annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $1,064 million
and $0,452 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table
X-16, the application of BAT to direct dischargers only will
remove approximately 3,570 kg/yr (7,860 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 42 kg/yr (93 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. As shown
in Table X-2, the corresponding capital and annual costs (1982
dollars) for this removal are $0,315 million and $0,128
million per year, respectively. The Agency has determined that
the BAT limitations are economically achievable.
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REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-32 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the refractory metals forming subcategory. All waste streams
receiving a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance under
BAT. The regulatory flows for eight waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. These eight waste streams are:
forging contact cooling water; surface treatment rinse;
alkaline cleaning rinse; molten salt rinse; tumbling,
burnishing wastewater; sawing or grinding contact cooling water;
sawing or grinding rinse; and equipment cleaning wastewater.
Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows for these eight flow
reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT regulatory flows for
all other waste streams in the subcategory are equal to the BPT
regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
Ref ractory Metals Forging Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for forging contact cooling water is 32.3 1/kkg
(7.75 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent
reduction of the BPT flow, based on recycle through cooling
towers or holding tanks. Holding tanks are used in place of
cooling towers for streams with low flow rates. The recycle
of contact cooling water is demonstrated in the nonferrous
metals forming category and other point source categories.
Refractory Metals Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for surface treatment rinse is 12,100 1/kkg (2,900 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow, based on the application of two-stage countercurrent
cascade rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is performed
in two surface treatment rinse operations in this subcategory.
It is also demonstrated at other nonferrous forming plants and
plants in other categories.
Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for this stream is 8,160 1/kkg (1,960 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 99 percent reduction of the BPT flow,
based on the application of three-stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Three-stage countercurrent rinsing to achieve a 99
percent flow reduction is appropriate for this waste stream
because the magnitude of the existing flows for this waste stream
reported by plants in this subcategory were more than an order or
magnitude larger than flows for similar processes in other
subcategories and even for other rinse streams within this
subcategory. The BAT regulatory flow based on 99 percent
reduction of the BPT flow is within the range of flows
established for this process waste stream in other subcategories.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated in this
subcategory and other nonferrous metals forming subcategories
as well as other point source categories.
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Refractory Metals Molten Salt Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for molten salt rinse is 633 1/kkg (152 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on the use of periodic batch discharge or decreased flow
rate, as demonstrated by three plants in the nickel-cobalt
forming subcategory and one plant in this subcategory.
Refractory Metals Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater. The BAT
regulatory flow for this waste stream is 1,250 1/kkg (300
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow based on recycle through a holding tank with
provision for removal of fines, if needed, by gravity
settling, filtration, or another suspended solids removal step.
Recycle with suspended solids removal when necessary is
demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming category and other
categories.
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. The
BAT regulatory flow for this waste stream is 2,430 1/kkg (582
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow based on recycle through a holding tank with
provision for suspended solids removal, if needed, by
gravity settling, filtration, or another suspended solids
removal step. Sawing or grinding contact cooling water recycle
is practiced in four operations from this subcategory. Total
recycle of the cooling water with no discharge was reported
for three operations, while 80 percent recycle was reported
for the fourth operation. Although the production
normalized discharge flow from another operation where the
cooling water is only periodically discharged was over 10 times
lower than the BAT regulatory flow, the Agency believes a
periodic discharge or bleed stream is needed to prevent the
build-up of dissolved solids in the recycle circuit. Therefore,
EPA has provided a discharge allowance equal to 10 percent of the
BPT flow for this waste stream.
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for this waste stream is 13.5 1/kkg (3.25 gal/ton). The
BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if needed by gravity settling,
filtration, or another suspended solids removal step. As
previously discussed, this technology is demonstrated in this
category and other point source categories.
Equipment Cleaning Wastewater. The BAT regulatory flow for
equipment cleaning wastewater is 136 1/kkg (32.6 gal/ton). The
BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if needed by gravity settling,
filtration, or another suspended solids removal step. This
technology is demonstrated in this category and other categories.
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Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under
BAT are copper, nickel, fluoride, and molybdenum. Although
effluent limitations guidelines and standards for columbium,
tantalum, tungsten, and vanadium were proposed, no limitations
for these pollutants were established in the final regulation.
This is because regulation of the priority metal pollutants
copper and nickel should ensure that columbium, tantalum,
tungsten, and vanadium are removed. The technology required
for removal of copper and nickel (lime and settle) will also
remove columbium, tantalum, tungsten, and vanadium. The
priority metal pollutants total chromium, lead, silver, and zinc,
listed in Section VI, are not specifically regulated under
BAT. These pollutants are expected to be adequately removed
by achievement of the limitations for the regulated pollutants.
Molybdenum is specifically regulated under BAT because it will
not be adequately removed by the technology (lime and settle)
required for the removal of the regulated priority metal
pollutants, copper and nickel. The addition of iron to a
lime and settle system (iron coprecipitation) is necessary for
efficient removal of molybdenum.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the refractory
metals forming subcategory is lime, settle and filter. This adds
filtration to the BPT end-of-pipe technology, and in-process
controls measures to reduce the flows from selected waste
streams. The end-of-pipe treatment configuration is shown in
Figure X-3 and includes iron coprecipitation for molybdenum
removal. This combination of in-process control and end-of-pipe
technology increases the removals of pollutants over that
achieved by BPT and is demonstrated and technically feasible.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the refractory metals
forming subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum
and ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory
flows summarized in Table X-32 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-33. Although no
limitations have been established for columbium, tantalum,
tungsten, and vanadium, Table X-33 includes mass discharge
limitations for these pollutants which are attainable using the
BAT model technology. These limitations are presented for
the guidance of permit writers. Only daily maximum limitations
are presented for columbium, tantalum, and vanadium, based on
the detection limits of 0.12, 0.46, and 0.10 mg/1,
respectively. Lime and settle treatment was determined to
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remove these pollutants below their level of analytical
quantification. The attainable monthly average discharge is
expected to be lower than the one-day maximum limitation,
but since it would be impossible to monitor for compliance with
a lower level, no monthly average has been presented. The
limitation table lists all the pollutants which were considered
for regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked with an
asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-7, the application of BAT and
PSES to the total refractory metals forming subcategory will
remove approximately 198,100 kg/yr (435,800 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 326 kg/yr (717 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. (As
discussed in Section XII, EPA has selected Option 2 as the basis
for PSES in this subcategory.) As shown in Table X-l, the
corresponding capital and annual costs (1982 dollars) for this
removal are $1,572 million and $0,657 million per year,
respectively. As shown in Table X-17, the application of BAT to
direct dischargers only will remove approximately 29,350 kg/yr
(64,570 lbs/yr) of pollutants including 78 kg/yr (172 lbs/yr) of
priority pollutants. As shown in Table X-2, the corresponding
capital and annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are
$0,135 million and $0,068 million per year, respectively.
The Agency has determined that the BAT limitations are
economically achievable.
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-34 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the titanium forming subcategory. All waste streams which
received an allowance under BPT also receive a BAT flow
allowance. The regulatory flows for seven waste streams have
been decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process
flow reduction control measures. The seven flow reduced waste
streams are: rolling contact cooling water; forging contact
cooling water; surface treatment rinse; alkaline cleaning
rinse-water; tumbling wastewater; sawing or grinding contact
cooling water; and wet air pollution control blowdown.
Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows for these seven flow
reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT regulatory flows
for all other waste streams in the subcategory are equal to the
BPT regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
Titanium Rolling Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow
for rolling contact cooling water is 488 1/kkg (117 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank. This technology is
demonstrated at nonferrous metals forming plants and plants in
other point source categories.
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Titanium Forging Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow
for forging contact cooling water is 99.9 1/kkg (24.0 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 95 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if necessary, by gravity settling,
filtration, or another suspended solids removal step. Ninety-
five percent recycle of forging contact cooling water is
demonstrated at one of the four plants in this subcategory
which discharge forging contact cooling water.
Titanium Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
surface treatment rinse is 2,920 l/kkg (700 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow based
on the application of two-stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is practiced at
nonferrous metals forming plants as well as plants in other
point source categories.
Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
alkaline cleaning rinse is 276 1/kkg (66.3 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow based
on the application of two-stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing. As previously discussed, countercurrent cascade rinsing
is a demonstrated technology.
Titanium Tumbling Wastewater. The BAT regulatory flow for
tumbling wastewater is 79 1/kkg (18.9 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
removal of suspended solids, if needed, by gravity settling,
filtration, or another suspended solids removal step. This
technology is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming
category and other point source categories.
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for this stream is 476 1/kkg (114 gal/ton). The
BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if necessary. As previously discussed,
the recycle of wastewater through holding tanks with suspended
solids removal if necessary is a demonstrated technology.
Titanium Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown. The BAT regulatory
flow for wet air pollution control blowdown is 214 1/kkg (51.4
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow based on recycle through a holding tank. The
recycle of wet air pollution control water is demonstrated at
five plants in this subcategory which reported 90 percent recycle
or greater of the scrubber water.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
1783
-------
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BAT are
lead, zinc, total cyanide, ammonia, and fluoride. The priority
metals total chromium, copper, and nickel, listed in Section VI,
are not specifically regulated under BAT. Although effluent
limitations guidelines and standards for titanium were proposed,
no limitations for titanium were established in the final
regulation. This is because regulation of the priority metal
pollutants lead and zinc should ensure that titanium is removed.
The technology required for removal of lead and zinc (lime and
settle) will also remove titanium. These pollutants are
expected to be adequately removed by achievement of the
limitations for the regulated pollutants.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the titanium
forming subcategory is lime and settle. This option uses the
same end-of-pipe technology as BPT, with the addition of measures
to reduce the flows from selected waste streams. The end-of-pipe
treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-2. The combination
of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the
removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is
demonstrated and technically feasible.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the titanium forming
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and ten-
day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory flows
summarized in Table X-34 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-35. Although no
limitations have been established for chromium, copper,
nickel, and titanium, Table X-35 includes chromium, copper,
nickel, and titanium mass discharge limitations attainable
using the BAT model technology. These limitations are
presented for the guidance of permit writers. The limitation
table lists all the pollutants which were considered for
regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked with an
asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-8, the application of BAT
level treatment to the total titanium forming subcategory will
remove approximately 393,000 kg/yr (864,600 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 644 kg/yr (1,417 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. As
shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $2,881 million and $2,540
million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-18, the
application of BAT to direct dischargers only will remove
1784
-------
approximately 136,500 kg/yr (300,300 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 259 kg/yr (570 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. As
shown in Table X-2, the corresponding capital and annual costs
(1982 dollars) for this removal are $2,124 million and $2,192
million per year, respectively. The Agency has determined that
the BAT limitations are economically achievable.
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-36 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the uranium forming subcategory. All waste streams which
received a BPT flow allowance also receive an allowance under
BAT. The regulatory flows for four waste streams have been
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. The four flow reduced streams are:
extrusion tool contact cooling water; heat treatment contact
cooling water; sawing or grinding contact cooling water; and
laundry washwater. Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows for
these four flow reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT
regulatory flows for all other waste streams in the subcategory
are equal to the BPT regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
Uranium Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory
flow for extrusion tool contact cooling water is 34.4 1/kkg (8.25
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding
tank. Holding tanks are used in place of cooling towers for
streams with low flow rates. The recycle of contact cooling
water streams is demonstrated in the nonferrous metals forming
category as well as other point source categories.
Uranium Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory
flow for heat treatment contact cooling water is 31.3 1/kkg (7.52
gal/ton). The BAT allowance is based on the average production
normalized discharge flow from three operations in which the
cooling water is only periodically discharged. This incorporates
flow reduction by basing the BAT regulatory flow on only those
plants that are currently recycling this process waste stream.
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for this stream is 165 1/kkg (39.5 gal/ton). The
BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding tank. As
previously discussed, the recycle of contact cooling water is a
demonstrated technology.
Uranium Laundry Washwater. The BAT regulatory flow for laundry
washwater is 26.2 1/employee-day. The BAT regulatory flow is a
50 percent reduction of the BPT flow based on recycle through a
holding tank.
1785
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Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. Although effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for uranium and radium were proposed, no limitations
for uranium or radium were established in the final regulation.
This is because regulation of the priority metal pollutants
cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and nickel will ensure that
uranium is removed and radium was not present in significant
concentrations. The technology required for removal of cadmium,
chromium, copper, lead and nickel (lime and settle) will
also remove uranium. The pollutants selected for regulation
under BAT are cadmium, total chromium, copper, lead, nickel,
molybdenum, and fluoride. The priority metal zinc, listed in
Section VI, is not regulated under BAT. This pollutant is
expected to be adequately removed by achievement of the
limitations for the regulated pollutants.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the uranium
forming subcategory is lime settle and filter. This option adds
filtration to the BPT end-of-pipe technology,
reduce the flows from selected waste streams,
treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-3.
of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the
removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is
demonstrated and technically achievable.
and measures to
The end-of-pipe
This combination
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment eŁfectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the uranium forming
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and ten-
day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory flows
summarized in Table X-36 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-37. Although no
limitations have been established for uranium and zinc, Table
X-37 includes uranium and zinc mass discharge limitations
attainable using the BAT model technology. These limitations
are presented for the guidance of permit writers. The
limitation table lists all the pollutants which were considered
for regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked with an
asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-9, the application of BAT to
the uranium forming subcategory (which consists entirely of
direct dischargers) will remove approximately 23,650 kg/yr
1786
-------
(52,140 lbs/yr) of pollutants including 59.45 kg/yr (131.1
lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. Specific costs for the uranium
forming subcategory are not included in this document in order to
protect confidentiality claims. The Agency has determined that
the BAT limitations for the uranium forming subcategory are
economically achievable.
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-38 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the zinc forming subcategory. All waste streams receiving a BPT
flow allowance also receive an allowance under BAT. The
regulatory flows for five waste streams have been decreased
at BAT based on the application of in-process flow reduction
control measures. The five flow reduced waste streams are:
rolling contact cooling water, direct chill casting contact
cooling water, annealing heat treatment contact cooling water,
surface treatment rinse, and electrocoating rinse. Calculation
of the BAT regulatory flows for these five flow reduced waste
streams is discussed below. The BAT regulatory flows for all
other waste streams in the subcategory are equal to the BPT
regulatory flows discussed in Section X.
Zinc Rolling Contact Cooling Water. The BAT regulatory flow for
rolling contact cooling water is 53.6 1/kkg (12.9 gal/ton). The
BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding tank.
Holding tanks are used in place of cooling towers for streams
with low flow rates. The recycle of contact cooling water is
demonstrated in this category as well as other point source
categor ies.
Zinc Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for direct chill casting contact cooling water
is 50.5 1/kkg (12.1 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90
percent reduction of the BPT flow based on recycle through a
cooling tower or holding tank. The recycle of direct chill
casting contact cooling water is demonstrated by one plant
in this subcategory where total recycle of the cooling water
with no discharge was reported. Although zero discharge was
reported by one plant, the Agency believes a periodic
blowdown or bleed stream of cooling water may be needed to
prevent the build-up of dissolved solids in the recycle
circuit. Therefore, EPA has provided a discharge allowance
equal to 10 percent of the BPT allowance for this waste stream.
Zinc Annealing Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for this waste stream is 76.3 1/kkg (18.3
gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of
the BPT flow based on recycle through a cooling tower or holding
tank. As previously discussed, the recycle of contact cooling
water is a demonstrated technology.
1787
-------
Zinc Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
surface treatment rinse is 358 1/kkg (85.8 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on the application of two-stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated at one
plant in this subcategory, at other plants in this category, and
other point source categories.
Zinc Electrocoating Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow for
electrocoating rinse is 229 1/kkg (55 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow based
on the application of two-stage countercurrent cascade rinsing.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated at one plant in
this subcategory.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BAT are
total chromium, copper, zinc, and total cyanide. The priority
metal nickel, which was selected for consideration for
regulation in Section VI, is not specifically regulated under
BAT, because it is expected to be adequately removed by
achievement of the limitations for the regulated
pollutants. The conventional pollutant parameters oil and
grease, total suspended solids, and pH are not regulated under
BAT, but will be considered under BCT.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the zinc
forming subcategory is lime, settle and filter. This adds
filtration to the BPT end-of-pipe technology, and in-process
controls to reduce the flows from selected waste streams. The
end-of-pipe treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-3. This
combination of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology
increases the removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT
and is demonstrated and technically feasible.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the zinc forming
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and
ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT
regulatory flows summarized in Table X-38 to calculate the
mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per mass of
product. The results of these calculations are shown in Table
X-39. Although no limitations have been established for nickel,
Table X-39 includes mass discharge limitations for this pollutant
attainable using the BAT model technology. These limitations
are presented for the guidance of permit writers. The
1788
-------
limitation table lists all of the pollutants which were
considered for regulation, with those specifically regulated
marked with an asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-10, the application of BAT to
the total zinc forming subcategory will remove approximately
309,800 kg/yr (681,560 lbs/yr) of pollutants including 262,300
kg/yr (577,060 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. As shown in Table
X-20, the application of BAT to direct dischargers only will
remove approximately 308,800 kg/yr (679,360 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 262,230 kg/yr (576,900 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants.
Since there is only one direct discharge plant in the zinc
forming subcategory, total subcategory capital and annual costs
and direct discharger capital and annual costs will not be
reported in this document in order to protect confidentiality
claims. The Agency has determined that the BAT limitations
are economically achievable.
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-40 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory. All waste streams
receiving a flow allowance for BPT also receive an allowance
under BAT. The regulatory flows for five waste streams have
decreased at BAT based on the application of in-process flow
reduction control measures. The five flow reduced waste streams
are: heat treatment contact cooling water; surface treatment
rinse; alkaline cleaning rinse; molten salt rinse; and sawing
or grinding rinse. Calculation of the BAT regulatory flows
for these five flow reduced streams is discussed below. The BAT
regulatory flows for all other waste streams in the subcategory
are equal to the BPT regulatory flows discussed in Section IX.
Zirconium-Hafnium Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water. The BAT
regulatory flow for heat treatment contact cooling water is 34.3
1/kkg (8.22 gal/ton). The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent
reduction of the BPT flow based on recycle through a cooling
tower or holding tank. Contact cooling water recycle is a
demonstrated technology and is demonstrated in the nonferrous
metals forming category as well as other point source categories.
Zirconium-Hafnium Surface Treatment Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for surface treatment rinse is 888 1/kkg (213 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow based on two-stage countercurrent cascade rinsing.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing is demonstrated in the nonferrous
metals forming category as well as other point source categories.
1789
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Zirconium-Hafnium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for alkaline cleaning rinse is 3,140 1/kkg (753 gal/ton).
The BAT regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT
flow based on the application of two-stage countercurrent cascade
rinsing. Countercurrent cascade rinsing is a demonstrated
technology, as described above.
Zirconium-Hafnium Molten Salt Rinse. The BAT regulatory flow
for molten salt rinse is 756 1/kkg (181 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on use of periodic batch discharge or decreased flow rate,
as demonstrated by one plant in this subcategory, three plants in
the nickel-cobalt forming subcategory and one plant in the
refractory metals forming subcategory.
Zirconium-Hafnium Sawing or Grinding Rinse. The BAT regulatory
flow for this waste stream is 180 1/kkg (43.1 gal/ton). The BAT
regulatory flow is a 90 percent reduction of the BPT flow
based on recycle through a holding tank with provision for
suspended solids removal, if needed, by gravity settling,
filtration, or another solids removal process. Recycle of
waste streams through holding tanks with suspended solids
removal when necessary is a demonstrated technology.
Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they were
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BAT are
total chromium, nickel, total cyanide, and fluoride. Although
effluent limitations guidelines and standards for zirconium and
hafnium were proposed, no limitations for these pollutants were
established in the final regulation. This Is because
regulation of the priority metal pollutants chromium and nickel
should ensure that zirconium and hafnium are removed. The
technology required for removal of chromium and nickel (lime and
settle) will also remove zirconium and hafnium. The priority
metals copper, lead, and zinc, listed in Section VI, are not
regulated under BAT. These pollutants are expected to be
adequately removed by achievement of the limitations for the
regulated pollutants.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the zirconium-
hafnium subcategory is lime and settle. This uses the same end-
of-pipe technology as BPT, with the addition of measures to
reduce the flows from selected waste streams. The end-of-pipe
treatment configuration is shown in Figure X-2. The combination
of in-process control and end-of-pipe technology increases the
removals of pollutants over that achieved by BPT and is
demonstrated and technically feasible.
1790
-------
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the zirconium-hafnium
forming subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum
and ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT regulatory
flows summarized in Table X-40 to calculate the mass of pollutant
allowed to be discharged per mass of product. The results of
these calculations are shown in Table X-41. Although no
limitations have been established for copper, lead, zinc,
zirconium, and hafnium, Table X-41 includes zirconium and
hafnium mass discharge limitations attainable using the BAT
model technology. These limitations are presented for the
guidance of permit writers. The limitation table lists all
the pollutants which were considered for regulation. Those
specifically regulated are marked with an asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-ll, the application of BAT to
the total zirconium-hafnium forming subcategory will remove
approximately 20,200 kg/yr (44,440 lbs/yr) of pollutants
including 646 kg/yr (1,421 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. As
shown in Table X-l, the corresponding capital and annual
costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $0,579 million and
$0,404 million per year, respectively. As shown in Table X-21,
the application of BAT to direct dischargers only will
remove approximately 19,100 kg/yr (42,020 lbs/yr) of
pollutants including 645 kg/yr (1,419 lbs/yr) of priority
pollutants. As shown in Table X-2, the corresponding capital
and annual costs (1982 dollars) for this removal are $0,568
million and $0,400 million per year, respectively. The Agency
has determined that the BAT limitations are economically
achievable.
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
Discharge Flows
Table X-42 lists the BAT regulatory flows for waste streams in
the metal powders subcategory. The BAT regulatory flows for all
waste streams are equal to the regulatory flows established at
BPT because the technology option selected as the basis for BAT
does not include flow reduction above that which was included at
BPT as described in Section IX. Calculation of these flows is
discussed in Section IX. None of the direct discharge plants in
this subcategory have any of the waste streams for which further
flow reduction is applicable.
1791
)
I
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Regulated Pollutants
The pollutants considered for regulation under BAT are listed in
Section VI, along with an explanation of why they have been
considered. The pollutants selected for regulation under BAT are
copper, lead, and total cyanide. Although effluent limitations
guidelines and standards for iron and aluminum were proposed, no
limitations for these pollutants were established in the final
regulation. Regulation of the priority metal pollutants copper
and lead will ensure that iron and aluminum are removed. The
technology required for removal of copper and lead (lime and
settle) will also remove iron and aluminum. The priority metals
total chromium, nickel, and zinc, listed in Section VI, are not
regulated under BAT. These pollutants are expected to be
adequately removed by achievement of the limitations for the
regulated pollutants. The conventional pollutant parameters oil
and grease, total, suspended solids, and pH are not regulated
under BAT, but will be considered under BCT.
Treatment Train
The BAT model end-of-pipe treatment technology for the metal
powder subcategory is lime and settle. This consists of
preliminary treatment, where necessary, followed by combined
wastewater treatment consisting of oil skimming and lime and
settle. Since this is also the basis for the BPT limitations,
the BPT and BAT limitations for the metal powders subcategory are
identical.
Effluent Limitations
Table VII-21 (page xxxx) presents the treatment effectiveness
corresponding to the BAT model treatment train for pollutant
parameters considered for regulation in the metal powders
subcategory. Effluent concentrations (one-day maximum and
ten-day average values) are multiplied by the BAT
regulatory flows summarized in Table X-42 to calculate the
mass of pollutant allowed to be discharged per mass of
product. The results of these calculations are shown in Table
X-43. Although no limitations have been established for
chromium, nickel, zinc, iron and aluminum, Table X-43
includes mass discharge limitations for these pollutants
attainable using the BAT model technology. These limitations
are presented for the guidance of permit writers. The
limitation table lists all the pollutants which were considered
for regulation. Those specifically regulated are marked with an
asterisk.
Benefits
In establishing BAT, EPA considered the cost of treatment and
control and the pollutant reduction benefits to evaluate economic
achievability. As shown in Table X-12, the application of BAT to
the total metal powders subcategory will remove approximately
57,570 kg/yr (126,655 lbs/yr) of pollutants including 1,085 kg/yr
1792
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(2,390 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. As shown in Table X-22,
the application of BAT to direct dischargers only will remove
approximately 4,105 kg/yr (9,030 lbs/yr) of pollutants including
128 kg/yr (282 lbs/yr) of priority pollutants. Since there are
only three direct discharge plants in the metal powders
subcategory, total subcategory capital and annual costs and
direct discharger capital and annual costs will not be reported
in this document in order to protect confidentiality claims.
The Agency has determined that the BAT limitations are
economically achievable.
1793
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Table x-1
CAPITAL AND ANNUAL COST ESTIMATES FOR BAT (PSES) OPTIONS
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY ($ 1982)
Subcategory
Option 1
Option 2*
Option 3**
Lead-Tin-Bismuth
Capital
Annual
C
C
C
C
C
C
Magnesium Forming
Capital
Annual
C
C
C
C
C
C
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Capital
Annual
3,341,800
2,077,000
3,792,800
2,228,900
4,115,300
2,401,000
Precious Metals Forming
Capital
Annual
1,012,700
413,900
1,063,600
451,600
1,175,300
523,700
Refractory Metals Forming
Capital 1,117,100 1,560,400 1,670,400
Annual 581,700 649,900 764,900
Titanium Forming
Capital
Annual
2,878,600
2,570,700
2,881,400
2,540,200
3,146,500
2,694,500
Uranium Forming
Capital
Annual
C
C
C
C
C
C
Zinc Forming
Capital
Annual
C
C
C
C
C
C
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Capital
Annual
366,500
330,100
579,000
404,400
697,000
464,800
Metal Powders
Capital
Annual
C
C
C
C
C
C
*Total cost to install Option 2 technology.
**Total cost to install Option 3 technology.
C - Confidential.
1794
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Table X-2
CAPITAL AND ANNUAL COST ESTIMATES FOR BAT OPTIONS
DIRECT DISCHARGERS ($ 1982)
Subcategory
Option 1
Option 2*
Option 3**
Lead-Tin-Bismuth
Capital
Annual
C
C
C
C
c
c
Magnesium Forming
Capital
Annual
148,200
95,700
79,400
45,500
84,800
48,200
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Capital
Annual
Precious Metals Forming
Capital
Annual
392,200
185,700
226,100
98,000
465,600
225,200
314,600
127 ,900
493,400
242,300
351,600
150,800
Refractory Metals Forming
Capital
Annual
87,000
44,300
123,500
60,800
135,000
67,700
Titanium Forming
Capital
Annual
2,237,900
2,261,300
2,124,500
2,191,800
2,335,100
2,312,700
Uranium Forming
Capital
Annual
C
C
c
c
c
c
Zinc Forming
Capital
Annual
C
C
C
C
C
c
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Capital
Annual
359,400
327,300
567,700
400,400
685,000
460,400
Metal Powders
Capital
Annual
C
C
C
C
C
C
*Total cost to install Option 2 technology.
**Total cost to install Option 3 technology.
C - Confidential.
1795
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Table X-3
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY
Tota 1
Raw
Option 1
Option 1
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Po11utant
Waste
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Ant imony
10. 38
10.38
0.00
5.06
5.32
3.40
6.98
Arsenic
0. 19
0. 19
0.00
0.19
0.00
0.19
0.00
Beryl 1i um
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
Cadmi um
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.00
Chromi um
32. 19
4.03
28. 16
0.61
31 . 59
0.51
31 .69
Copper
2 .47
2 .47
0 .00
2.47
0.00
1 .95
0.53
Lead
212.91
5. 76
207.16
0.87
212.05
0.58
212.33
N i eke 1
2. 24
2.24
0.00
2. 24
0.00
1.10
1.14
Z i nc
1 . 29
1 . 29
0.00
1 . 29
0.00
1.15
0.13
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
261.72
26.40
235.32
12.77
248.95
8.92
252.80
Cyan i de
0.56
0.56
0.00
0.56
0.00
0.56
0.00
TOTAL TOXICS
262.27
26.95
235.32
13.32
248.95
9.47
252.80
A 1uminum
1 .53
1 .53
0.00
1 .53
0.00
1 . 53
0.00
Ammon ia
3. 27
3.27
0.00
3 . 27
0 .00
3 .27
0 .00
Cobalt
115.20
2.40
112.81
0.36
1 14.84
0.25
1 14.96
F1uor i de
1 1 .85
1 1 .85
0.00
1 1 .85
0.00
1 1 .85
0.00
I ron
16.11
1 3.08
3.03
2 .96
13.15
2.02
14.09
Magnesium
311.35
4.80
306.55
0.72
310.62
0.48
310.86
Manganese
1 .59
1 .59
0.00
1.16
0 .44
1.01
0 .58
Mo 1ybdenum
0. 27
0.27
0.00
0.27
0.00
0. 27
0. 00
T i n
4.73
4. 73
0.00
3.32
1 .42
2 .44
2.30
Ti tani um
0.67
0.67
0.00
0.67
0.00
0.67
0 .00
Vanad i um
0.65
0. 65
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.65
0.00
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
467.22
44.84
422.39
26. 76
440.47
24.44
442.78
TSS
4,113.63
575.51
3,538.12
86. 68
4,026.95
18 . 78
4,094.85
Oi1 and Grease
1,875.92
344.3b
1,531.53
72 . 24
1,803.68
72 . 74
1,803.68
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
5,989.54
919.89
5,069.65
158.92
5,830.63
91 .02
5,898.53
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
6,719.04
991.68
5,727.36
199.00
6,520.05
124.93
6,594.11
-------
Table X-4
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY
Total
Raw
Op t i on 1
Op t i on 1
Opt i on 2
Opt i on 2
Op t i on 3
Opt i on 3
Po11utant
Waste
Di scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Ant i mony
0.02
0 .02
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.02
0. 00
Arsenic
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Beryl 1i um
0.20
0 . 20
0.00
0 . 20
0.00
0. 20
0.00
Cadmi um
0. 00
0. 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Chromi um
16,770.18
1 .89
16,768.30
0 . 23
16,769.95
0. 19
16,769.99
Copper
0 . 48
0 . 48
0.00
0.37
0.11
0. 25
0. 23
Lead
1 . 24
1 . 24
0.00
0. 29
0 .95
0.21
1 . 03
Nickel
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
SiIver
0.04
0.04
0.00
0 . 04
0.00
0 . 04
0.00
Zinc
138.47
7.41
131.06
0.92
137.55
0 . 64
137.83
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
16,910.63
1 1 . 27
16,899.35
2.07
16,908.55
1 . 55
16,909.08
Cyan i de
0.11
0.11
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.11
0.00
TOTAL TOXICS
16,910.73
1 1 .38
16,899.35
2.18
16,908.55
1 . 65
16,909.08
A 1umi num
98 . 28
50.31
47 .97
6 . 23
92.04
4.15
94 . 1 3
Amnion i a
526.53
526 . 53
0.00
526 . 53
0.00
526.53
0.00
Coba 1 t
2.03
1.12
0.91
0.14
1 .89
0.09
1 .94
Fluoride
76 . 24
76.24
0.00
40 . 36
35.88
40 . 36
35.88
Iron
5 . 47
5 .47
0.00
1.14
4.32
0.78
4.69
Magnes i um
13,490.05
2 . 25
13,487.81
0.28
13,489.78
0.19
13,489.87
Manganese
2.80
2.80
0.00
0 .45
2 . 35
0.39
2.41
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
14,201.40
664.72
13,536.69
575.13
13,626 . 27
572.49
13,628.91
TSS
3,009.78
269.51
2,740.27
33.40
2,976.38
7 . 24
3,002.54
0i1 and Grease
616.65
224.59
392.06
27.83
588.82
27.83
588.82
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
3,626.43
494.10
3,132.33
61 . 24
3,565. 19
35.07
3,591.36
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
34,738.56
1,170.20
33,568.36
638.55
34,100.02
609.22
34,129.35
-------
Table X-S
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
NICKEL-
¦COBALT FORMING
SUBCATEGORY
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY
Tota 1
0pt1on 1
Option 1
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Po 1 1 utarit
Raw Waste
Discharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Discharged
Removed
Arsenic
3.43
3.43
0.00
3.43
0.00
3.43
0.00
Cadmi urn
817.75
191.61
626.14
22.65
795.10
14.05
803.70
Chromi um
7,781.79
203.76
7,578.03
24.10
7,757.69
20 .07
7,761.72
Copper
5,036.44
1,407.07
3,629.37
166.33
4,870,1 1
11 1 .86
4,924.58
Lead
177.48
177.48
0.00
31 .85
145.63
22.04
155.44
Nickel
89,531.14
1,795.20
87,735.94
212.27
89,318.87
63, 10
89,468.04
Tha111um
0.15
0.15
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.15
0.00
Zinc
488.62
488.62
0.00
94.63
393.99
66.00
422.62
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
103,836.80
4,267.32
99,569.48
555.41
103,281.39
300.70
103,536.10
Cyanide
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.09
0,00
TOTAL TOXICS
103,836.89
4,267.41
99,569.48
555.50
103,281.39
300.79
103,536.10
Aluminum
633.43
633.43
0.00
528.66
104.77
398.79
234.70
Amnion 1 a
4,287.59
4,287.59
0.00
4,287.59
0.00
4,287.59
0,00
Cobalt
9,677.99
121.29
9,556.70
14.36
9,663.63
9.74
9,668.25
f1uoride
144,546.22
35,175.50
109,370.72
4,158.83
140,387.39
4, 158.83
140,387.39
Iron
13,293.21
917.59
12,375.62
117.60
13,175.61
80.31
13,212.90
Molybdenum
1,466.64
1 ,466.64
0.00
421.07
! ,045.57
247.40
!,219.24
T1 tan 1um
9,139.58
9,139.58
8,754.41
57.37
9,082.21
37.29
9,102.29
Vanadium
360.58
360.58
0.00
348.27
12.31
234,68
125.90
TOTAL NONCONVENT IONA LS
183,405.24
43,347.79
140,057.45
9,933.75
173,471.49
9,454.57
173,950,67
TSS
283,049.33
29,105.20
253,944.13
3,441.76
279,607.57
745.60
282,303.73
01 1 and Grease
260,089.26
24,191.88
235,897.38
2,868.30
257,220.96
2,868.30
257,220.96
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
543,138.59
53,297.08
489,841 .51
6,310.06
536,828.53
3,613.90
539,524,69
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
830,380.72
100,912.28
729,468.44
16,799.31
813,581.41
13,369.26
817,011.46
-------
Table X-6
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY
Total
Opt ion 1
Opt i on 1
Opt i on 2
Opt i on 2
Opt i on 3
Opt i on 3
Po11ut ant
Raw Waste
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Ant i mony
0.07
0 . 07
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.07
0.00
Arseni c
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Cadmi um
30.53
9.40
21.13
1 .00
29.53
0.62
29.91
Chromi um
2.81
2.81
0.00
1 .05
1 .77
0 .89
1 .93
Copper
92.55
64 . 09
28 .46
7.37
85. 18
4.95
87 . 60
Lead
2.15
2.15
0.00
1 .43
0.72
1 . 02
1.14
Nickel
7.00
7 . 00
0.00
7.00
0.00
2 . 79
4. 20
Se1 en i um
0 . 00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
S i1ve r
4 . 75
4 .75
0.00
1 . 27
3.48
0 . 09
4 . 67
Tha11i um
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0. 00
Zinc
29 . 95
29 .95
0.00
4.19
25.76
2.92
27.03
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
169.B2
120.22
49.59
23.37
146.44
13.35
156.46
Cyan i de
67 . 38
8 . 33
59.05
0.89
66.49
0.60
66.79
TOTAL TOXICS
237.20
128.55
10B.65
24. 26
2 1 2.94
13.95
223.25
A 1umi num
184.36
184.36
0.00
28.45
155.91
18.93
165.43
Ammon i a
20 . 39
20.39
0.00
20.39
0.00
20.39
0.00
Cobalt
0.11
0.11
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.11
0.00
Fluoride
77 .95
77 .95
0.00
77.95
0.00
77 .95
0.00
I ron
8 1.72
48 . 79
32 .93
5.21
76.51
3 . 56
78. 16
Magnes i um
360.46
1 1 .90
348.56
1 . 27
359. 19
1 . 27
359.19
Manganese
16.02
16.02
0.00
2.03
13.99
1 .78
14.25
Tin
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.00
Tit an i um
1 . 53
1 . 53
0.00
1 .53
0.00
1 . 43
0.11
Vanad i um
0.09
0.09
0 . 00
0.09
0.00
0.09
0.00
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
742.67
361 . 18
381.49
137.07
605.60
125.54
617.13
TSS
1 0,689.20
1,427.93
9,261.27
152.42
10,536.78
33 .02
10.656.17
Oi1 and Grease
4,073.62
1,189.94
2,883.68
127.02
3,946.60
127.02
3,946.60
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
14,762.82
2,617 . 87
12,144.95
279.44
14,483.38
160.04
14,602.77
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
15,742.69
3 , 1 07.61
12,635.08
440 . 78
15,301.91
299.53
15,443.16
-------
Table X-7
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORV
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY
Total
Option 1
Option 1
Opt i on 2
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Pol 1utant
Raw Waste
D i scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
Arsenic
0.00
0.00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Beryl 1lum
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Cadmlum
1 .95
1 .95
0.00
0.95
1.01
0.71
1 . 24
Chromi um
19.78
19.78
0.00
1 .83
17.95
1 .56
18.22
Copper
11.91
11.91
0.00
8 . 25
3.66
6.81
5.09
Lead
1 .50
1 .50
0.00
1 .50
0 .00
1 .38
0.13
N1 eke 1
312.96
258.63
54.33
16.52
296.44
4.91
308.05
SI 1ver
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Thai 11um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0. 00
Z i nc
6.10
6.10
0.00
4. 66
1 .44
3.83
2 .27
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
354.21
299.88
54.33
33.71
320.50
19. 20
335.01
Cyani de
0 . 03
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.03
0 . 00
TOTAL TOXICS
354.24
299.91
54.33
33.74
320.50
19.23
335.01
A 1um1num
745.56
699.25
46.31
50 .00
695.56
33.26
712.30
Amnion 1 a
12.22
12.22
0.00
12.22
0.00
12.22
0.00
Cobalt
3.38
3.38
0.00
0.82
2.56
0.60
2 .78
Fluoride
6,172.91
5,058.22
1 , 114.69
323.68
5,849.23
323.68
5,849.23
I ron
452.31
190.01
262.31
9.15
443.16
6. 25
446.06
Magnes ium
0 .00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 . 00
Manganese
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Refractory Metals
126,545.16
897.92
125,647.24
23.70
126,521.46
16.57
126,528.60
T1 tan 1um
122.04
45.05
76.99
1 .55
120.49
1 . 30
120 . 74
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
134,053.59
6,906.05
127,147.54
421.13
133,632.46
393.88
1 33,659.7 1
TSS
64,084. 17
7,998.24
56,085.93
267.88
63,816.30
58 . 04
64,026. 13
01 1 and Grease
405.92
405.90
0.03
150.23
255.69
150.23
255.69
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
64,490.10
8,404 . 14
56,085.95
418.10
64,071.99
208.27
64,281 .83
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
198,897.93
15,610.10
183,287.83
872.97
198,024.95
621 . 38
198,276.55
-------
Table X-0
NONFERROUS
METALS FORMING
POLLUTANT
REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES
(kg/yr)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY
Tota t
Opt ion 1
Option 1
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Pol 1utant
Raw Waste
D i scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
Discharged
Removed
Arsenic
2.02
2.02
0.00
2.02
0.00
2 . 02
0.00
Cadmium
0 . 20
0.20
0.00
0.20
0.00
0 . 20
0.00
Chromi um
40 . 14
40, 14
0.00
13.56
26.58
1 1 .30
28.84
Copper
55, 00
55.00
0.00
55.00
0.00
52.71
2. 29
Lead
427.13
172.69
254.44
19.37
407.76
12.91
414.22
N i eke 1
9.40
9.40
0.00
9.40
0.00
9,40
0.00
Thai 11um
0,07
0.07
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.07
0.00
Zi nc
262.58
214.16
48.43
53.27
209.31
37. 13
225.46
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
796.54
493.68
302.87
152.89
643.66
125.74
670.81
Cyan 1de
0.77
0 . 77
0. 00
0.77
0.00
0.77
0.00
TOTAL TOXICS
797.32
494.45
302.87
153.66
643.66
126.51
670.81
A 1uminum
11,042.37
3, 223.61
7,818.76
361.57
10,680.80
240.51
10,801 .86
Ammoni a
13,441.20
13,441 .20
0.00
13,441.20
0.00
13,44 1.20
0.00
Coba1t
212.28
71 .96
140.32
8.07
204.21
5 .49
206.79
F1uori de
168,294.83
20,867.13
147,427.70
2,340,55
165,954.28
2,340,55
165,954.28
I ron
50,114.63
590.04
49,524.60
66. 18
50,048.45
45. 20
50,069.44
Mo)ybdenum
893.48
846.38
47. 10
227.60
665,88
151.73
741.75
Tantalum
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
T i tanium
1 18.505.32
287.82
1 18,217.49
32 . 28
1 18 ,473.03
20.98
1 18,484.33
Tungsten
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 .00
Vanad i um
2,747.32
1,644.59
1 , 102.73
227.60
2,519.72
151.73
2,595.59
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
365,251.43
40,972.73
324,278.70
16,705.06
348,546.37
16,397.40
348 ,854.04
TSS
43,335.39
17,269.35
26,066.04
1,937.01
41 , 398.38
419.69
42,915.70
Oi1 and Grease
4,053.06
4,053.06
0.00
1,614.17
2,438.89
1,614.17
2,438.89
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
47,388.45
21,322.41
26,066.04
3,551 . 18
43,837.27
2,033.86
45,354.59
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
413,437.20
62,789.59
350,647.61
20,409.90
393,027.30
18,557.77
394,879.43
-------
Table X-10
NONFERROUS
METALS FORMING POLLUTANT
REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES
(kg/yr)
ZINC FORMING
SUBCATEGORY
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY
Tota 1
Opt ion 1
Opt i on 1
Option 2
Opt i on 2
Opt i on 3
Opt i on 3
Po11utant
Raw Waste
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Ant i mony
0.10
0.10
0 .00
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
Arsenic
0.01
0.01
0 .00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
Bery1 1i urn
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Cadmi um
0.00
0.00
0 .00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Chromi um
3,704.02
6.19
3,690.63
4.56
3,700.26
3.02
3,701.00
Copper
211,750.02
41 .79
211,700.23
30.55
21 1 ,719.47
20.55
211,729.47
Lead
0.17
0.17
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.17
0.00
Nickel
245.57
57.91
107.66
40.40
205.09
1 2 . 03
233.54
Z i nc
6,275.07
25.73
6,250 . 14
10.05
6,257 .02
1 2 . 50
6,263.29
total toxic metals
221,976.64
131.90
221,044.66
94.00
221,002.64
49.34
221,927.30
Cyan i de
40,37 1 .66
5.40
40,366. 10
3.02
40,367.04
2.57
40,369.09
TOTAL TOXICS
262,340.30
1 37.46
262,210.04
97.02
262,250.40
51.91
262,296.39
A 1umi num
152.79
152.79
0.00
119.34
33.45
79.06
72.93
Amnion i a
73. 15
73. 15
0.00
73.15
0.00
73.15
0.00
Coba1t
0 . 74
0.31
0 .43
0.10
0.64
0.07
0.67
F1uo ride
23,594.00
1 ,060.96
2 1 , 733 . 1 2
1 ,500. 10
22,013.90
1 ,500 . 10
22,013.90
Iron
122.96
32.00
90.00
22.43
100.53
15.32
107.64
Magnes i um
1 ,104. 16
7.02
1 ,096.34
5 .47
1,098.69
3.67
1,100.49
Manganese
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
Mo 1ybdenum
0.41
0.41
0 .00
0.41
0.00
0.41
0.00
T i n
0.46
0.46
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.46
0.00
T i tan i um
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.00
Vanad i um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
total nonconventionals
25,040.79
2,120.02
22,920.77
1 ,001 .50
23,247.29
1 ,753.00
23,295.7 1
TSS
19,916.02
939.04
10,976.90
656.43
19,259.59
142.26
19,773.76
0i 1 and Grease
4,937.46
702.55
4, 154.91
547.01
4,390.45
547.01
4,390.45
total conventionals
24,053.40
1 , 721 . 59
23,131.09
1,203.44
23,650.04
609.27
24, 164.2 1
total pollutants
312,250.57
3,907.07
300,263.50
3,102.76
309,147.01
2,494.25
309,756.31
-------
Table X-11
NONFERROUS
METALS FORMING POLLUTANT
REDUCTION
BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY
Total
Option 1
Option 1
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Po11utant
Raw Waste
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Arseni c
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.06
0.00
Cadmi um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Chromi um
5.80
5.78
0.02
1 .06
4. 74
0.88
4.92
Copper
4.31
4.31
0.00
4.31
0.00
4.31
0.00
Lead
1.14
1.14
0.00
1.14
0.00
0.99
0.15
N i eke 1
1 .46
1 .46
0.00
1 .46
0.00
1.41
0.05
Tha11i um
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
Z i nc
2.73
2.04
0.69
1 .58
1.15
1 .56
1.17
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
15.52
14.08
0.71
9.63
5.89
9.23
6. 29
Cyan 1de
0.05
0.05
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.05
0.01
Dichloromethane
590.83
0.00
590.83
0.00
590.83
0.00
590.83
To 1uene
49.36
0.00
46.36
0.00
49.36
0.00
49.36
TOTAL TOXICS
655.75
14.86
640.90
9.68
646.08
9.27
646.48
A 1uminum
52.79
52.79
0.00
28 . 19
24.60
18 . 75
34.04
Ammonia
52.33
52. 33
0.00
52.33
0.00
52.33
0.00
Coba1t
0.31
0.31
0.00
0.3 1
0.00
0.31
0.00
F1uor1de
2,422.22
1 ,232.40
1 , 189.82
182.45
2,239.76
182.45
2,239.76
I ron
39.86
34.85
5 .02
5.16
34.70
3.52
36.34
Mo 1ybdenum
0.11
0.11
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.11
0.00
Ti tanium
0.27
0.27
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.27
0.00
Vanadi um
2.78
2.78
0.00
2.78
0.00
2. 78
0.00
Zi rconium
7,469.65
613.65
6,856.00
90.85
7,378.80
60.52
7,409.12
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
10,040.31
1,989.48
8,050.83
362.44
9,677.86
321.05
9,719.26
TSS
714.08
657.45
56.63
151.00
563.09
32.72
681 .37
Oi1 and Grease
9,441.90
849.93
8,591.97
125 .83
9,316.06
1 25 .83
9,316.06
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
10,155.98
1 ,507 .38
8,648.60
276.83
9,879.15
158.55
9,997.43
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
20,852.04
3,511.72
17,340.32
648.95
20,203.09
488.86
20,363.18
-------
Table X-12
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
TOTAL SUBCATEGORY
Total
Opt i on 1
Opt i on 1
Opt ion 2
Opt ion 2
Opt i on 3
Opt i on 3
Po1 1ut ant
Raw Waste
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Ant i mony
0.42
0 .42
O. 00
0 . 42
0 . 00
0.42
0 . 00
Arseni c
0.68
0 . 6B
0.00
0.68
0.00
0.68
0 . 00
Cadmi um
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Chromi um
2.10
2.10
0 . 00
2.10
0 . 00
2.10
0. 00
Coppe r
932.B0
60 . 20
872.61
22.20
910.61
14.93
917 . 8B
Lead
183.80
1 2 . 45
171.35
4 . 59
179.21
3.06
180.74
Nickel
44 . 57
44 . 57
0.00
25.40
19.17
B .42
36 . 1 5
Si 1ve r
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 . 00
0 . 00
Tha1 1i um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Zinc
74.59
34.25
40.34
1 2 . 63
61 .96
8.80
65.79
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
1 , 238.96
154.67
1,084.29
68.02
1 , 170.94
38.40
1 , 200.56
Cyan i de
3.13
3.13
0.00
1 .96
1.17
1 . 32
1.81
TOTAL TOXICS
1 , 242.09
157.80
1,084.29
69 .98
1,172.11
39 .72
1,202.37
A 1umi num
445.40
232.49
212.92
85.72
359.68
57.02
388 . 38
Ammon ia
16.89
16.89
0 .00
16.89
0.00
16.89
0 . 00
Coba 1 t
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0 . 00
Fluoride
41.91
41.91
0.00
41.91
0.00
41.91
0 . 00
Iron
1 ,980 . 07
42.55
1 ,937.51
15.69
1,964.38
10.72
1,969.35
Magnes i um
79 . 58
10.3B
69.20
3.83
75 . 75
2.56
77 .02
Manganese
0 . 64
0 . 64
0.00
0 . 64
0 . 00
0 . 64
0 . 00
T i n
87 . 56
87 . 56
0.00
39. 10
48 . 46
27.17
69 . 39
Tit an i um
34 . 39
20 .76
13.63
7 . 65
26 . 73
4.98
29 . 41
Vanad i um
0 . 36
0 . 36
0.00
0 . 36
0.00
0.36
0.00
TOTAL NONCONVENTI ONA LS
2,686.80
453.54
2 , 233.26
211.81
2,475.00
1 62.25
2,524.55
TSS
40,568.9B
1,245.46
39 ,323.52
495.24
40,109.74
99.50
40,469.48
Oi 1 and Grease
15,867.35
935.27
14,932.09
280.08
15,587.27
280.08
15,587 . 27
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
56,436.33
2,180.72
54,255.61
739.32
55,697.02
379.58
56,056.75
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
60 , 365.22
2,792.06
57 , 573 . 1 7
1,021.10
59,344 . 1 2
581.56
59,783.67
-------
Table X-13
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Total
Option 1
Option 1
Option 2
Option 2
Opt i on 3
Option 3
Po11utant
Raw Waste
Di scharged
Removed
D1scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
Ant imony
2.50
2.50
0.00
1.71
0.79
1.15
1 . 35
Arsen1c
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.06
0.00
Bery11ium
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Cadmi um
0.01
0.01
0. 00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
Chromi um
13.19
1 .67
1 1 .52
0.21
12.90
0.17
13.02
Copper
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Lead
35.00
2.39
33.41
0.29
35.51
0 . 20
35.60
N i eke 1
0.05
0.05
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.05
0.00
Zi nc
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.06
0.00
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
51 .75
6.83
44.93
2 . 47
49 . 20
1 . 78
49.97
Cyan i de
0.23
0.23
0.00
0 . 23
0 . 00
0 . 23
0.00
TOTAL TOXICS
51 .98
7.06
44.93
2 . 70
49. 28
2.01
49 .97
A 1umi num
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
Ammon i a
0.47
0.47
0.00
0 . 47
0.00
0 . 47
0.00
Coba1t
17.85
1 .00
16.85
0.12
1 7 . 73
0.00
17.77
Fluoride
1 .70
1 .70
0.00
1 .70
0.00
1 .70
0.00
I ron
1 .58
1 . 58
0.00
1 .00
0.50
0.60
0.89
Magnes i um
96.99
1 .99
95.00
0 . 24
96.74
0.16
96.82
Manganese
0.64
0.64
0.00
0.39
0 . 25
0 . 34
0 . 30
Mo 1ybdenum
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.00
Tin
4.03
4.03
0.00
2.62
1 .42
1 . 74
2.30
Ti tan i um
0.24
0.24
0.00
0 . 24
0.00
0.24
0 . 00
Vanad i um
0.27
0 . 27
0.00
0 . 27
0.00
0.27
0 . 00
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
123.01
1 1 .96
111.05
A
7.10
116.71
5.73
1 18.08
TSS
1,531.12
238.94
1,292.18
29.34
1,501.79
6.36
1 ,524.77
Oi 1 and Grease
63.91
63.91
0.00
24.45
39.46
24 . 45
39 . 46
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
1,595.03
302.84
I ,292. 18
53.70
1,541.25
30.00
1,564.23
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
1,770.02
321.86
1,440.96
63.50
1,707.24
30.54
1,732.28
-------
Table X-14
NONFERROUS
METALS FORMING
POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES
(kg/yr)
MAGNESIUM FORMING
SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Total
Opt ion 1
Opt ion 1
Opt i on 2
Opt i on 2
Opt ion 3
Opt ion 3
Pol 1utant
Raw Waste
D i schar-ged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
Ant i mony
0 . 02
0 .02
0 .00
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.00
Arsen i c
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0 . 00
0 . 00
0.00
Bery1 1 i urn
0. IB
0. 18
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.18
0.00
Cadm i urn
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Chromi urn
14,675.69
1 . 48
1 4,674.21
0.18
14,675.51
0.15
14,675.54
Copper
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Lead
1 . 20
1 . 20
0.00
0. 26
0.95
0.17
1 .03
Nickel
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Si 1 ve r
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.00
Zinc
1 19.55
5.81
113.74
0.71
1 18.84
0.49
1 19.05
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
14,796.67
8 . 72
14,787.95
1 .38
14,795.30
1 . 05
14,795.63
Cyan i de
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
TOTAL TOXICS
14,796.77
8.82
14,787.95
1 . 48
14,795.30
1.15
14,795.63
A 1umi num
01 .66
39.42
42 . 24
4.80
76.87
3.19
78 . 47
Ammon i a
410.75
410.75
0.00
410 . 75
0.00
410.75
0.00
Coba1t
1 . 29
0.88
0.41
0.11
1.18
0.07
1.21
Fluoride
61 .99
61 .99
0.00
31 .06
30 . 92
31 .06
30.92
I ron
4. 44
4 . 44
0.00
0.88
3.56
0.60
3.84
Magnes i urn
27,560.00
1 .76
27,558.24
0.21
27,559.79
0.14
27,559.86
Manganese
2.59
2 . 59
0.00
0.34
2 . 25
0.30
2 . 29
TOTAL NONCONVENT IONALS
28,122.72
521.83
27,600.89
448.16
27,674.57
446 . 1 2
27,676.60
TSS
2,247.54
2 11.19
2,036.35
25 . 7 1
2,221.83
5.57
2,241.97
0i1 and Grease
499.48
175.99
323.49
21 .42
478 . 06
21.42
478.06
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
2,747.02
387 . 17
2,359.85
47. 13
2,699.89
26.99
2,720.03
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
45,666.51
917.83
44,748.69
496.76
45,169.76
474.26
45,192.26
-------
Table X- 1 5
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Total
Option 1
Option 1
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Po11utant
Raw Waste
Oi scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Arsenlc
0.39
0.39
0.00
0.39
0.00
0.39
0.00
Cadmi um
36. 10
29.30
6.80
3.28
32.82
2.03
34.07
Chromi um
756.70
31.17
725.53
3.50
753.20
2.90
753.80
Copper
913.10
215.40
697.70
24. 10
889.00
16.22
896.88
Lead
2.42
2.42
0.00
2.42
0.00
2.42
0.00
Nickel
9,245.50
274.80
8,970.70
30.80
9,214.70
9.15
9,236.35
Tha11i um
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
Z i nc
39.05
39.05
0.00
13.70
25.35
9.60
29.45
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
10,993.27
592.54
10,400.73
78.20
10,915.07
42.72
10,950.55
Cyanide
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.00
TOTAL TOXICS
10,993.30
592.57
10,400.73
78.23
10,915.07
42.75
10,950.55
A 1uminum
33.34
33.34
0.00
33.34
0.00
33.34
0.00
Ammonia
908.76
908.76
0.00
908.76
0.00
908.76
0.00
Coba1t
1,080.88
18 .56
1 ,062.32
2.10
1,078.78
1 .40
1,079.48
F1uori de
7,090.26
5,383.80
1 , 706.46
603.00
6,487.26
603.00
6,487.26
I ron
1,235.71
75.20
1,160.5 1
17.06
1,218.65
1 1 .65
1,224.06
Mo 1ybdenum
78.37
78.37
0.00
75 . 30
3.07
16.88
61 .49
Ti tani um
1 , 1 11.82
74.25
1 ,037.57
8.32
1 , 103.50
5.41
1 , 106.41
Vanadi um
16.47
16.47
0.00
4.16
12.31
4.16
12.31
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
1 1 ,555.61
6,588.75
4,966.86
1 ,652.04
9,903.57
1 ,584.60
9,971.01
TSS
10,755.90
4,456.00
6,299.90
499.00
10,256.90
108.00
10,647.90
Oi1 and Grease
3,645.88
3,645.88
0.00
416.00
3,329.88
416.00
3,229.88
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
14,401.78
8, 101 .88
6,299.90
915.00
13,486.78
524.00
13,877.78
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
36,950.69
15,283.20
21,667.49
2,645.27
34,305.42
2, 151 .35
34,799.34
-------
Tab1e X-16
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Tota 1
Opt i or i 1
Opt i on 1
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Opt i on 3
Po11utant
Raw Waste
Dischaiged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
D i s charged
Removed
Ant i mony
0.00
U . 00
0 . 00
0 . 00
0 . 00
0.00
0 . 00
Arseni c
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0 . 00
0 . 00
0 . 00
Cadmi urn
6.69
2 . 53
4. 16
0 . 27
6 .42
0.17
6. 52
Chromi um
0 . 26
0 . 26
0.00
0 . 26
0.00
0 . 24
0 .03
Copper
13.67
1 3 . 67
0.00
1 .98
1 1 . 69
1 . 33
1 2 . 34
Lead
0 .32
0 .32
0.00
0.32
0 .00
0 . 27
0 . 04
Ni eke 1
0.78
0.78
0.00
0.78
0.00
0.75
0.03
Se1 en i um
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Silver
1 . 32
1 . 32
0.00
0.34
0 .98
0.02
1 . 30
Tha1 1i um
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Z i nc
5 . 58
5 . 58
0.00
1.12
4 . 45
0 . 78
4 . 79
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
28 . 61
24.46
4.16
5.07
23 . 54
3 . 56
25.05
Cyan i de
18.83
2 . 24
16.59
0 . 24
1 8 . 59
0.16
18 .67
TOTAL TOXICS
47 . 44
26. 70
20. 74
5.31
42. 13
3 . 72
43. 72
A 1um i num
28 . 32
28 .32
0.00
7 . 63
20 . 69
5.08
23 . 24
Ammon ia
5.30
5 . 30
0.00
5.30
0.00
5.30
0.00
Coba 1 t
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0 . 00
0.01
0.00
F1uo ri de
16.42
1 6.42
0.00
16.42
0.00
16.42
0.00
I ron
14.51
13.14
1 . 36
1 . 40
13.11
0.95
13.55
Magnes i um
96.85
3.21
93.65
0 . 34
96.51
0.34
96.51
Manganese
4.07
4 . 07
0.00
0.55
3 . 52
0.48
3.59
T i n
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Ti tani um
0 .22
0. 22
0.00
0. 22
0.00
0.22
0.00
Vanadi um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
165.69
70 . 68
95.01
31 .85
133.83
28 . 79
136.90
TSS
3,113.09
384.7 1
2,728.38
40.89
3 , 072.21
8 .86
3,104.23
Oi1 and Grease
351 .66
320.59
31 .06
34.07
317.59
34.07
317.59
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
3,464.75
705.31
2,795.44
74.96
3,389.79
42 . 93
3,421.82
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
3,677.88
802.69
2,875.19
112.12
3,565.76
75 . 44
3,602.44
-------
Table X-17
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Total
Option 1
Option 1
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Pol 1ut ant
Raw Waste
D i scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
Arsenic
0.00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 . 00
Bery111um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Cadmlum
0. 58
0.58
0.00
0.35
0.23
0.23
0.34
Chromi um
4.71
4.71
0 . 00
0.61
4.11
0.54
4.17
Copper
3.10
3.10
0.00
2.80
0.30
2.14
0.96
Lead
0.32
0 .32
0.00
0.32
0.00
0.32
0.00
Nickel
72 . 56
72.56
0.00
5. 75
66.81
1.71
70.85
Si 1ver
0.00
0 .00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tha11i um
0 . 00
0 .00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Zinc
2 .87
2.87
0. 00
1.71
1.16
1 . 29
1 . 58
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
84.14
84.14
0. 00
1 1 .55
72.60
6. 24
77.90
Cyani de
0 .02
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.00
0. 02
0.00
TOTAL TOXICS
84. 1 7
84 . 1 7
0.00
11.57
72.60
6. 27
77.90
A 1umi num
186.04
186.04
0. 00
17.42
168.62
1 1 . 58
1 74.45
Ammon i a
9.10
9.10
0. 00
9.10
0.00
9.10
0 . 00
Coba1t
0.80
0 . 80
0.00
0.24
0.56
0.17
0.63
Fluoride
1,668.61
1,668.61
0 .00
112.74
1 , 555.87
112.74
1 ,555.87
I ron
265.73
84 . 90
180.83
3.19
262.54
2.18
263.55
Magnes ium
0 .00
0 .00
0 .00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Manganese
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 . 00
Refractory Metals
15,955.27
305 . 22
15,650.05
6.55
1 5,948.72
4.57
15,950.70
T i tan i um
28 .51
15.36
13.15
0.41
28. 10
0.35
28. 16
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
18,114.06
2 ,270.03
15,844.03
149.64
17,964.42
140.70
17,973.36
TSS
11,310.50
2,931 .95
8,378.55
93.30
11,217.20
20 .22
1 1 ,290.28
Oi1 and Grease
50. 23
50.2 1
0.03
46.90
3.34
46.90
3.34
TOTAL CONVENTI ONALS
11,360.73
2,982. 16
8,378.58
140 . 20
11,220.53
67. 1 1
1 1 ,293.62
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
29,558.96
5,336.35
24,222.60
301.41
29,257.55
2 14.08
29,344.88
-------
Table X- 1 8
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Tota 1
Opt i on 1
Opt i on 1
Option 2
Opt ion 2
Opt ion 3
Option 3
Po11utant
Raw Waste
Di scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
A rsen i c
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.00
Cadmi um
0.15
0.15
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.15
0.00
Chromi um
15.15
15.15
0.00
10.09
5 . 06
8 .40
6 . 74
Copper
36.58
36.58
0.00
36.58
0.00
36.58
0.00
Lead
217.22
127.81
89.41
14.41
202.81
9.61
207.62
Nickel
1 . 04
1 . 04
0.00
1 .04
0.00
1 . 04
0.00
Tha11i um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
Zinc
90. 72
90 . 72
0. 00
39. 62
51.10
27.62
63. 1 1
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
360.91
271.50
89.41
101.93
258.98
CO
GO
277.47
Cyan i de
0.16
0.16
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.16
0.00
TOTAL TOXICS
361.07
271.66
89.41
102.09
258.98
83 . 60
277.47
A 1umi num
3,858.44
2,385.78
1,472.66
268.95
3,589.49
178.90
3,679.54
Ammon i a
9,898.97
9,898.97
0.00
9,898.97
0.00
9 , 898.97
0.00
Coba 1t
77.80
53 . 25
24.55
6.00
71 .80
4 . 08
73 . 72
F1uoride
44,266.07
15,443.64
28,822.43
1 ,740.97
42 ,525.10
1,740.97
42,525.10
I ron
16,889.30
436.68
16,452.61
49 . 23
16,840.07
33 .62
16,855.68
Mo 1ybdenum
318.99
318.99
0.00
169.29
149.70
112.86
206. 13
Tanta1um
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
T i tan i um
42,802.41
2 13.02
42,589.40
24.01
42 , 778.40
15.61
42 , 786.81
Tungsten
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Vanadi um
1 , 1 17.20
1,117.20
0.00
169.29
947.91
1 12.86
1,004.34
TOTAL NONCONVENT IONALS
1 19,229. 19
29,867.54
89,361.65
12,326.73
106,902.46
12,097.88
107,131.31
TSS
28,793.48
12,780.95
16,012.53
1 ,440.80
27,352.67
312.17
28,48 1 . 30
Oi 1 and Grease
3,181.73
3,181.73
0.00
1,200.67
1 ,981 .06
1 , 200.67
1,981,06
TOTAL CONVENT IONALS
31 ,975.2 1
1 5 , 962.67
16,012.53
2,641.47
29,333.73
1 , 512.84
30,462 . 36
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
151,565.47
46,101.87
105,463.59
15,070.29
136,495.17
13,694.33
137,871.14
-------
Table X-19
NONFERROUS
METALS FORMING
POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
URANIUM FORMING
SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Total
Option 1
Option 1
Option 2
Option 2
Opt i on 3
Option 3
Po11utant
Raw Waste
Di scharged
Removed-
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Ant i mony
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Arsenic
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Cadmium
0.67
0. 67
0.00
0.17
0.50
0.11
0.57
Chromi um
2.82
1 .52
1 . 30
0.18
2.64
0.15
2.67
Copper
3.94
3.94
0.00
1 .25
2.69
0.84
3.10
Lead
42.42
2.17
40. 25
0.26
42. 16
0.17
42 . 25
N i eke 1
1.11
1.11
0.00
1.11
0.00
0.47
0.64
Tha1 1 i um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Zinc
10.73
5.96
4. 77
0.71
10.02
0.50
10. 23
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
61 . 69
15.37
46.32
3.68
58.01
2. 24
59.45
Cyan 1de
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.09
0.00
TOTAL TOXICS
61 . 79
15.47
46.32
3. 78
58.01
2.33
59.45
A 1umi num
113.16
40.47
72.69
4.82
108.34
3.21
109.95
Ammonia
39.60
39 . 68
0.00
39.68
0.00
39.68
0.00
Fluoride
96. 08
96.00
0.00
31 . 22
64.86
31 . 22
64.86
I ron
850.69
7.41
043.29
0.88
849.81
0.60
850.09
Magnes ium
144.96
1.81
143.15
0.22
144.74
0.22
144.74
Mo 1ybdenum
0.37
0 . 37
0.00
0.37
0.00
0 . 37
0.00
Ti tan i um
5.95
3.61
2.34
0.43
5.52
0. 28
5 . 67
Uran i um
9,576.13
72. 26
9,503.87
8.61
9,567.52
5.68
9,570.45
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONA LS
10,827.02
261.68
10,565.34
86.23
10,740.79
81 .25
10,745.77
TSS
12,022.92
216.79
11 ,806. 13
25.83
1 1 ,997.09
5. 60
12,017.33
0i1 and Grease
050.82
180.66
670. 16
21 . 53
829.29
21 .53
829.29
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
12,873.74
397.45
12,476.29
47 .36
12,826.38
27 . 13
1 2,846.62
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
23,762.55
674.60
23,087.95
137.37
23,625. 18
1 10.72
23,651.83
-------
Table X-20
NONFERROUS
METALS FORMING POLLUTANT
REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES
(kg/yr)
ZINC FORMING
SUBCATEGORY
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Tot a 1
Option 1
Option 1
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Po 11utant
Raw Waste
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Ant i mony
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 .00
0.00
0.00
Arsenic
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Be ry 1 1 i um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
Cadmi um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Chromi um
3,704.68
6.05
3,698.63
4.42
3,700.26
3.68
3,701.00
Copper
211,750.00
41 .77
211,708.23
30.53
211,719.47
20.53
211,729.47
Lead
0.16
0.16
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.16
0.00
N i eke 1
238.22
53. 29
184.93
38.95
199.27
1 1 .58
226.64
Zi nc
6,227.69
23.67
6,204.02
17.37
6,210.32
12.11
6,215.58
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
221,920.75
124.94
221,795.81
91 .43
221,829.32
48.06
221,872.69
Cyan i de
40,361 .87
5.04
40,356.83
3.68
40,358. 19
2.47
49,359.40
TOTAL TOXICS
262,282.62
129.98
262,152.64
95. 1 1
262,187.51
50.53
262,232 .09
A]um i num
151 .36
151 .36
0.00
117.91
33.45
78 .43
72 .93
Ammon i a
72.99
72 .99
0.00
72 .99
0.00
72.99
0.00
Coba1t
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
F 1 uor i de
22,777.28
1,044.16
21 ,733. 12
763.30
22 ,013.98
763.30
22,013 .98
I ron
118.17
29.52
88.65
21 .58
96. 59
14. 74
103.43
Magnes i um
1,066.64
7 . 20
1,059.44
5. 26
1,061.38
3.53
1,063.11
Manganese
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
Mo 1ybdenum
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T i n
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T i tan i um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Vanad i um
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 .00
0.00
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
24,186.44
1,305.23
22,881.21
981.04
23,205.40
932.99
23,253.45
TSS
19,196.17
864.10
18,332.07
631.70
18,564.47
136.90
19,059.27
Oi1 and Grease
4,753.57
720.10
4,033.47
526.40
4,227 . 17
526.40
4,227.17
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
23,949.74
1,584.20
22,365.54
1 , 158.10
22 , 791 .64
663.30
23,286.44
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
310,418.81
3,019.42
307,399.39
2,234.26
308.184.55
1,646.83
308,771.98
-------
Table X-21
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORV
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Tota 1
Option 1
Opt i on 1
Option 2
Option 2
Option 3
Opt i on 3
Pol 1utant
Raw Waste
D i scharged
Removed
D i scharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Arseni c
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.06
0.00
Cadmiurn
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Chromi um
5 . 64
5 . 64
0.00
1 . 04
4.60
0.87
4.78
Copper
4 . 24
4 . 24
0.00
4 . 24
0.00
4.24
0.00
Lead
1.14
1.14
0.00
1.14
0.00
0 .99
0.15
Nickel
1 .37
1 .37
0.00
1 .37
0.00
1 . 37
0.00
Tha11ium
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
Zinc
1 .52
1 .52
0.00
1 .52
0.00
1 .52
0.00
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
13.98
13.98
0.00
9.38
4.60
9.06
4.93
Cyan i de
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.00
Di ch1oromethane
590.83
0.00
590.83
0.00
590.83
0.00
590.83
T o1uene
49.36
0.00
49.36
0.00
49.36
0.00
49.36
TOTAL TOXICS
654.20
14.02
640. 18
9.42
644.79
9.09
645. 1 1
A 1umi num
51 .37
51 .37
0.00
27.72
23.65
18.44
32.93
Ammon i a
51 .92
51 .92
0.00
51 .92
0.00
51 .92
0. 00
Coba1t
0.30
0.30
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.30
0. 00
F1uor i de
2,395.32
1 ,209.35
1 , 185.97
179.44
2,215.88
179.44
2,215.88
I ron
30 . 34
34. 20
4.15
5.07
33.27
3.47
34.88
Mo 1ybdenum
0.07
0.07
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.07
0.00
Ti tanium
0.26
0.26
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.26
0.00
Vanad i um
2.69
2.69
0.00
2.69
0.00
2.69
0 . 00
Zirconi um
7,376.00
602.17
6,773.82
89.35
7 , 286.65
59.53
7,316.47
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
9 ,916.28
1 ,952.34
7,963.94
356.84
9,599.44
316.12
9,600.16
TSS
638.38
638.38
0.00
148.50
489.88
32 . 18
606.20
Oi1 and Grease
8,543.04
034.04
7,709.00
123.75
8,419.28
123.75
8,419.28
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
9,181.42
1,472.42
7,709.00
272.26
8,909.16
155.93
9,025.49
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
19,751.90
3,438.78
16,313.12
638.51
19,113.39
48 1 . 14
19,270.76
-------
Table X-22
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING POLLUTANT REDUCTION BENEFIT ESTIMATES (kg/yr)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORV
DIRECT DISCHARGERS
Total
Opt ion 1
Opt i on 1
Opt ion 2
Option 2
Opt i on 3
Opt i on 3
Po11utant
Raw Was t e
Di scharged
Removed
Discharged
Removed
Di scharged
Removed
Ant i mony
0 . 04
0 . 04
0.00
0.04
0 . 00
0 . 04
0.00
Arseni c
0 . 07
0.07
0. 00
0.07
0.00
0 . 07
0.00
Cadmi um
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 . 00
0 . 00
0 . 00
Chromi um
0.22
0 . 22
0 . 00
0 . 22
0.00
0.22
0 . 00
Copper
111.76
5 .95
105.80
5 .95
105.80
4 .00
107.75
Lead
19.31
1 . 23
18.07
1 . 23
18.07
0.82
18.48
Nickel
4 . 68
4 . 68
0.00
4.68
0.00
2 . 26
2 .42
SiIver
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tha11i um
0.00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Z i nc
7.71
3 . 39
4.33
3 . 39
4. 33
2.36
5.35
TOTAL TOXIC METALS
143.79
1 5 . 58
128.20
1 5 . 58
128.20
9 . 78
134.01
Cyan i de
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
TOTAL TOXICS
143.79
15.58
1 28.20
15.58
128.20
9 . 78
134.01
A 1umi num
46. 25
22 . 99
23 . 27
22.99
23 . 27
15.29
30 .96
Ammon i a
1.01
1.01
0.00
1.01
0.00
1.01
0.00
Coba1t
0 . 00
0 . 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
F1uo r i de
2.18
2.18
0.00
2.18
0.00
2.18
0.00
Iron
207.31
4.21
203 . 10
4.21
203.10
2.87
204.43
Magnes i um
5.58
1 . 03
4. 55
1 .03
4.55
0.69
4.89
Mo 1ybdenum
0 . 07
0 . 07
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.07
0.00
Tin
9.14
9.14
0. 00
9.14
0. 00
7. 29
1 . 85
T i t an i um
3.61
2 . 05
1 . 56
2 . 05
1 .56
1 . 33
2 . 28
Vanad i um
0.04
0 . 04
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.00
TOTAL NONCONVENTIONALS
275. 18
42 . 70
232.48
42.70
232.48
30.76
244.42
TSS
3 , 868.40
123.14
3,745.26
123. 14
3,745.26
26.68
3,841.72
Oi1 and Grease
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
TOTAL CONVENTIONALS
3,868.40
123.14
3,745.26
123. 14
3,745.26
26.68
3,841.72
TOTAL POLLUTANTS
4,287.36
181.42
4,105.95
181.42
4,105.95
67 . 22
4,220. 15
-------
Table X-23
OPTIONS SELECTED AS THE TECHNOLOGY BASES FOR BAT
Subcategory
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Option
2
Magnesium Forming
Option
2
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Option
3
Precious Metals Forming
Option
2
Refractory Metals Forming
Option
3
Titanium Forming
Option
2
Uranium Forming
Option
3
Zinc Forming
Option
3
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Option
2
Metal Powders Forming
Option
1
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
- Flow Normalization, Lime and Settle
- Flow Reduction, Lime and Settle
- Flow Reduction, Lime and Settle, Multimedia Filtration
1816
-------
Table X-24
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
No rma1i zed
BAT Discharge
00
H
—I
Ope rat i on
Ro1 1i ng
Draw i ng
Extrusion
Swag i ng
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent emulsions
Cast i ng
Continuous Strip Casting Contact cooling water
Semi-Continuous Ingot
Cast i ng
Shot Cast i ng
Shot-forming
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Wet aii pollution control
b 1 o w d o w n
1 / kkg
23.4
43.0
0
26.3
7 . 46
Press or solution heat treatment 144
contact cooling water
55.0
1 . 77
1 .00
2.94
37.3
58.8
gal/ton
5 .60
10.3
0
6.30
1 . 79
34 . 6
13.2
0 . 424
0 . 240
0.704
8 . 95
14.1
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of 1ead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
Mass of 1ead-t in-bi smuth
rolled with soap solutions
Mass of 1ead-tin-bismuth drawn
with emu 1s i ons
Mass of 1ead-tin-bismuth drawn
with soap solutions
Mass of 1ead-tin-bismuth heat
treated and subsequent Iy
cooled with water
Mass of 1ead-tin-bismuth
e x t ruded
Mass of 1ead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsions
Mass of 1ead-tin-bismuth cast
by the continuous strip method
Mass of 1ead-tin-bismuth ingot
cast by the semi-continuous
method
Mass of I ead-11n-blsmuth shot
cas t
Mass of Iead"tin-bismuth shot
f o rrnecl
-------
Table X-24 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Normalized
BAT Discharge
Waste Stream
1 /kkg
gal/ton
Production Normalizing
Parameter
A1kali ne CIeani ng
Degreaslng
Spent baths
R1nsewat er
Spent solvents
120
236
0
28.7
56.5
0
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth
a 1kaline c1eaned
Mass of lead-tin-bismuth
a 1ka11ne c1eaned
00
H
00
-------
Table X-25
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
*Antimony .067 .030
*Lead .010 .005
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) df lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
*Antimony .124 .055
*Lead .018 .009
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1819
-------
Table X-25 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
*Antimony .076 .034
*Lead .011 .005
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
*Antimony .021 .010
*Lead .003 .001
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
*Antimony .413 .185
*Lead .061 .029
1820
-------
Table X-25 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
*Antimony .158 .070
*Lead .023 .011
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Swaging Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsions
*Antimony .0051 .0023
*Lead .0008 .0004
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
*Antimony .0029 .0013
*Lead .0004 .0002
1821
-------
Table X-25 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
*Antimony .008 .004
*Lead .001 .001
~
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mc/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
*Antimony .107 .048
*Lead .016 .007
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
*Antimony .169 .075
*Lead .025 .012
1822
-------
Table X-25 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony .345 .154
*Lead .050 .024
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony .678 .302
*Lead .099 .047
BAT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1823
-------
Table X- 26
BAT REGULATORV FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1i zed
BAT Discharge
Operat ion
00
IsJ
>f*
Ro111ng
Forg1ng
Direct Chill Casting
Surface Treatment
Sawing or Grinding
Degraas1ng
Wat Air Pollution Control
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Equipment cleaning wastewater
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R1 nsewater
Spent emulsions
Spent solvents
B1owdown
1 /kkg
74.6
0
289
3.99
3,950
466
1 ,090
19.5
0
619
gal/ton
17.9
0
69.3
0.959
947
1 1 2
452
4.63
0
148
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of magnesium rolled with
emu 1s1ons
Mass of forged magnesium
cooled with water
Mass of magnesium forged on
equipment requiring cleaning
with water
Mass of magnesium cast with
direct chill methods
Mass of magnesium surface
t reated
Mass of magnesium surface
treated
Mass of magnesium sawed or
ground
Mass of magnesium sanded and
repaired or forged
-------
Table X-27
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
.033
.109
9.950
4.440
.007
.013
. 046
4 . 370
1.970
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs)
cooled with water
of forged magnesium
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
38
17
127
422
500
200
029
. 052
.176
17.000
7.630
1825
-------
Table X-27 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/millicn off-lbs) of magnesium
forged
*Chromium .0018 .0007
*Zinc .0058 .0024
*Ammonia .5320 .2340
*Fluoride .2380 .1060
Magnesium .0004
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
cast with direct chill methods
*Chromium 1.740 .711
*Zinc 5.770 2.410
*Ammonia 527.000 232.000
*Fluoride 235.000 104.000
Magnesium .395
1826
-------
Table X-27 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium .205 .084
*Zinc .681 .284
*Ammonia 62.100 27.300
*Fluoride 27.700 12.300
Magnesium .047
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluor ide
Magnesium
.832
2.760
252.000
113 . 000
.189
. 340
1.150
111.000
49.900
1827
-------
Table X-27 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollu-ant or Maximum for Maximum for
poll^cant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
sawec or ground
*Chromium .009 .004
*Zinc .029 .012
*Ammcnia 2.600 1.140
*Flucride 1.160 .515
Magnesium .002
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Magnesium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
formed
*Chromium .273 .112
*Zinc .904 .378
*Ammonia 82.500 36.300
*Fluoride 36.900 16.400
Magnesium .062
1828
-------
Table X-28
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Ro11i ng
00
N>
VO
Tube Reducing
Draw i ng
Ext rusion
Forgi ng
Metal Powder Production
Stationary Casting
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Spent lubricants
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Press or solution heat
treatment contact cooling
wa ter
Press hydraulic fluid
1eakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Equipment cleaning wastewater
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Atomization wastewater
Contact cooling water
Norma 1i zed
BAT Discharge
1 / kkg
0
1 70
75.4
0
0
95.4
0
83 . 2
232
0
47.4
4.00
1 B7
2,620
1,210
ga1/ton
0
40.9
1 B . 1
0
0
22.9
0
20.0
55.6
0
11.4
0.957
44.8
629
290
Production Normalizing
Parame ter
Mass of nickel-cobalt rolled
with emu 1s i ons
Mass of nickel-cobalt rolled
with water
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t drawn
with emu 1s i ons
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t extruded
or heat treated and subse-
quently cooled with water
Mass of ni eke 1-cobalt extruded
Mass of forged nieke 1-coba1t
cooled with water
Mass of nieke 1-cobalt forged
on equipment requiring clean-
i ng with water
Mass of nieke 1-cobalt forged
Mass of nieke 1 -coba1t metal
powder produced by wet atom-
i zat i on
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t cast
with stationary casting
methods
-------
Table X-28 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
00
OJ
o
Ope rat 1 on
Vacuum Me 111ng
Annealing and Solution
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Ammon1 a
Alkaline Cleaning
Mo 11 en Sa11
Sawing or Grinding
waste Stream
Steam condensate
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R i nsewat er
Rinse
Spent baths
Ri nsewater
Ri nsewater
Spent emulsions
Rinsewater
1 /kkg
0
0
935
2,360
14.0
33.9
233
044
39.4
i a i
Normali zed
BAT Discharge
ga1/t on
0
0
224
565
3 .54
8.13
55.9
202
9.45
43 . 5
Production Normalizing
Pa rame ter
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t surface
t reat ed
Mass of nicke1-coba1t surface
treated
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t treated
with ammonia solution
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t alkaline
c1eaned
Mass of nickel-cobalt alkaline
c1eaned
Mass of nicke1-cobalt treated
with mo 1 ten salt
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t sawed or
ground with emulsions
Mass of sawed or ground
-------
Table X~28 (Continued)
Operat i on
BAT REGULATORV FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Waste Stream
Norma 1i zed
BAT Discharge
1/kkg ga1/t on
Production Normalizing
Parameter
00
u>
Steam Cleaning
Hydrostatic Tube Testing
and Ultrasonic Testing
Dye Penetrant Testing
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Degreasi ng
Wet Air Pollution Control
Elect rocoati ng
Condensate
Wastewater
Wastewater
Vari ous
Spent solvents
B1 owdown
R i nsew ater
30. 1
213
246
0
810
3.3 70
7.22
0
50.9
58.4
0
192
807
Mass of nieke )-coba1t steam
c1eaned
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t tested
with dye penetrant methods
Mass of ni eke 1-cohalt formed
Mass of nickel-cobalt formed
Mass of nieke 1-coba1t electro-
coated
-------
Table X-29
NICKEL-C03ALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximur. for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with emulsions
Cadmium
.034
.014
*Chromium
.063
.026
Copper
. 218
.104
Lead
.048
.022
*Nickel
.094
.063
Zinc
.174
.071
*Fluoride
10.100
4.490
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of i
nickel-cobalt
rolled with water
Cadmium
.015
.006
*Chromium
.028
.011
Copper
.097
.046
Lead
.021
.010
*Nickel
.042
.028
Zinc
.077
.032
*Fluor ide
4.490
1.990
1832
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollu-tant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
drawn with emulsions
Cadmium
.019
.008
*Chromium
.035
.014
Copper
.122
.058
Lead
.027
.012
*Nickel
.053
.035
Zinc
.097
.040
*Fluoride
5.680
2.520
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1833
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment CCW
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of :
nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Cadmium
.017
.007
*Chromium
.031
.013
Copper
,107
.051
Lead
.023
.011
*Nickel
.046
.031
Zinc
.085
.035
*Fluoride
4.950
2.200
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
extruded
Cadmium
.046
.019
*Chromium
.086
.035
Copper
.297
.142
Lead
.065
.030
*Nickel
.128
.086
Zinc
.237
.098
*Fluoride
13.800
6.130
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1834
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of forged
nickel
-cobalt
cooled with water
Cadmium
.009
.004
*Chromium
.018
.007
Copper
.061
.029
Lead
.013
.006
*Nickel
.026
.018
Zinc
.048
.020
*Fluoride
2.820
1.250
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning
Wastewater
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of nickel-
-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
.0008
.0003
*Chromium
.0015
.0006
Copper
. 0051
.0024
Lead
. 0011
. 0005
*Nickel
.0022
. 0015
Zinc
.0041
.0017
*Fluoride
. 2380
.1060
1835
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of
nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
.037
.015
*Chromium
.069
.028
Copper
.240
.114
Lead
.052
.024
*Nickel
.103
.069
Zinc
.191
.079
*Fluor ide
11.100
4.940
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
metal powder atomized
Cadmium .524 .210
*Chromium .970 .393
Copper 3.360 1.600
Lead .734 .341
*Nickel 1.440 .970
Zinc 2.670 1.100
*Fluoride 156.000 69.200
1836
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
cast with stationary casting methods
Cadmium .242 .097
*Chromium .448 .182
Copper 1.5 50 .7 38
Lead .339 .158
*Nickel .666 .448
Zinc 1.240 .508
*Fluoride 72.000 32.000
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
1837
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium .187 .075
*Chromium .346 .140
Copper 1.200 .571
Lead .262 .122
*Nickel .514 .346
Zinc .954 .393
*Fluoride 55.700 24.700
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium .472 .189
*Chromium .873 .354
Coppe r 3.020 1.440
Lead .661 .307
*Nickel 1.300 .873
Zinc 2.410 .991
*Fluoride 141.000 62.300
1838
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt
Ammonia Rir.se
Forming
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with ammonia solution
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluor ide
,003
005
,019
004
,008
015
881
,001
002
009
002
005
006
391
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
. 007
.003
*Chromium
.013
. 005
Copper
.043
.021
Lead
.009
. 004
*Nickel
.019
. 013
Zinc
.035
.014
*Fluoride
2.020
.895
1839
-------
Table X-29 (continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
. 047
.019
*Chromium
.086
.035
Copper
. 298
.142
Lead
.065
.030
*Nickel
.128
.086
Zinc
. 238
.098
*Fluoride
13.900
6.150
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs)
treated with molten salt
of nickel-cobalt
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Zinc
*Fluoride
.169
.312
1.080
. 237
. 464
.861
50.200
.068
.127
.515
.110
.312
. 355
22.300
1840
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
sawed or ground with
emulsions
Cadmium
.008
.003
*Chromium
.015
.006
Copper
.051
.024
Lead
.011
.005
*Nickel
.022
.015
Zinc
.040
.017
*Fluoride
2.350
1.040
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of
sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Cadmium
.036
.015
*Chromium
.067
.027
Copper
. 232
.111
Lead
.051
.024
*Nickel
. 100
.067
Zinc
. 185
.076
*Fluoride
10 . 800
4.780
1841
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Steam Cleaning Condensate
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
steam cleaned
Cadmium
.006
.002
*Chromium
.011
.005
Copper
.039
. 018
Lead
.008
.004
*Nickel
.017
. 011
Zinc
.031
.013
*Fluoride
1.790
.795
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing Wastewater
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing
Wastewater
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of i
nickel-cobalt
tested with dye penetrant methods
Cadmium
.043
.017
*Chromium
.079
.032
Copper
. 273
.130
Lead
.060
.028
*Nickel
.117
.079
Zinc
. 217
.090
*Fluoride
12.700
5 .630
1842
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg
{lb/million
off-lbs) of
nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
.049
.020
^Chromium
.091
.037
Copper
. 315
.150
Lead
.069
.032
*Nickel
.136
.091
Z inc
. 251
.104
*Fluorice
14.700
6.500
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
*Chromium
Copper
Lead
*Nickel
Z inc
*Fluor ide
48
,162
,300
,040
,227
,446
826
200
21
,065
122
494
,106
300
340
400
1843
-------
Table X-29 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg vlb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
elect rocoated
Cadmium
.674
.270
*Chromium
1.250
. 506
Copper
4.320
2.060
Lead
.944
.438
*Nickel
1.860
1. 250
Zinc
3.440
1.420
*Fluoride
201.000
89.000
1844
-------
Table X-30
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Ope rat 1" on
00
U1
Rolling
Draw i ng
Metal Powder Product ion
Cast i ng
Direct Chill Casting
Shot Cast i ng
Stationary Casting
Semi-Continuous and
Continuous Casting
Heat Treatment
Waste Stream
Spent neat gils
Spent emulsions
Spen t neat ails
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Atomizdtion wastewater
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
N0rma1i zed
BAT Discharge
1/kkg gal/ton
0 0
77. 1 10.5
0
47 .5
3.12
6,680
1 ,080
367
0
1 ,030
417
0
11.4
0.748
1 , 600
259
88 . 0
0
248
100
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of precious metals rolled
with emu 1s i ons
Mass of precious metals drawn
with emu 1s i ons
Mass of precious metals drawn
with soap solutions
Mass of precious metals powder
produced by wet atomization
Mass of precious metals cast
by the direct chill method
Mass of precious metals shot
cast
Mass of precious metals cast
by the semi-continuous or
continuous method
Mass of extruded precious
metals heat treated
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Spent baths
Ri nsewater
Spent baths
96.3
616
60 .0
23. 1
148
14.4
Mass of precious metals
surface treated
Mass of precious metals
surface treated
Mass of precious metals
alkaline c 1 eaned
-------
Table X-30 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1i zed
BAT Discharge
Ope rat i on
Alkaline Cleaning
00
-------
Table X-31
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of precious metals
rolled with emulsions
*Cadmium
.026
.012
Chromium
.034
.014
*Copper
.147
.077
*Cyanide
.022
.009
*Lead
.032
.015
Nickel
.148
.098
*Silver
.032
.013
Zinc
.113
. 047
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1847
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with emulsions
*Cadmium
.016
.007
Chromium
.021
.009
*Copper
.090
.048
*Cyanide
.014
. 006
*Lead
.020
.010
Nickel
.091
.060
*Silver
.020
.008
Zinc
.0-69
.029
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with soap solutions
*Cadmium
.0011
. 0005
Chromium
.0014
.0006
*Copper
.0059
.0031
*Cyanide
.0009
. 0004
*Lead
.0013
. 0006
Nickel
. 0060
. 0040
*Silver
.0013
. 0005
Zinc
.0046
. 0019
1848
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of ]
precious metals
powder wet
atomized
*Cadmium
2.270
1.000
Chromium
2.940
1. 200
*Copper
12.700
6.680
*Cyanide
1.940
.802
*Lead
2.810
1.340
Nickel
12.800
8.490
*Silver
2.740
1.140
Zinc
9.750
4.080
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
cast by the direct chill method
Cadmium
.367
.162
Chromium
.475
.195
Copper
2.050
1.080
Cyanide
.313
.130
Lead
.454
.216
Nickel
2.080
1.370
Silver
. 443
.184
Zinc
1.580
.659
1849
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant
or Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million off-lbs) of precious
metals
shot cast
*Cadmium
.125
.055
Chromium
.162
.066
*Copper
.698
.367
*Cyanide
.107
.044
*Lead
. 154
.073
Nickel
.705
.466
*Silver
.151
.062
Zinc
. 536
.224
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Stationary
Casting Contact Cooling
Water
There
shall be no discharge of
process
wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting CCW
Pollutant
or Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million off-lbs) of precious
metals cast
by the semi-continuous or continuous method
*Cadmium
.350
.155
Chromium
. 453
.186
*Copper
1.960
1.030
*Cyanide
. 299
.124
*Lead
. 433
. 206
Nickel
1.980
1.310
*Silver
. 423
.175
Zinc
1.510
.629
1850
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
proper ty
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of i
extruded precious
metals heat treated
*Cadmium
.142
.063
Chromium
.184
.075
*Copper
.793
. 417
*Cyanide
.121
.050
*Lead
.175
.083
Nickel
.801
.530
*Silver
.171
.071
Zinc
. 609
.255
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
Cadmium
.033
.015
Chromium
.042
. 017
Copper
.183
.096
Cyanide
.028
. 012
Lead
.041
.019
Nickel
.185
.123
Silver
.040
.016
Zinc
.141
. 059
1851
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
.210
.092
Chromium
.271
.111
*Copper
1.170
.616
*Cyanide
.179
.074
*Lead
.259
.123
Nickel
1.180
.783
*Silver
.253
.105
Zinc
.900
.376
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs)of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
.020
.009
Chromium
.026
.011
Copper
.114
.060
Cyanide
.017
.007
Lead
.025
.012
Nickel
.115
.076
Silver
.025
.010
Zinc
.088
.037
1852
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
.381
.168
Chromium
.493
.202
Copper
2 .130
1.120
Cyanide
.325
.135
Lead
.471
.224
Nickel
2.150
1.420
Silver
.459
.191
Zinc
1.640
.683
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal cleaned prior to bonding
*Cadmium
. 395
.174
Chromium
. 511
. 209
*Copper
2 . 210
1.160
*Cyanide
.337
.139
*Lead
.487
.232
Nickel
2 .230
1.480
*Silver
.476
.197
Zinc
1.700
.708
1853
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property any
one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-
lbs) of precious metals
tumbled or burnished
*Cadmium
. 412
.182
Chromium
.533
. 218
*Copper
2.300
1.210
*Cyanide
.351
.145
*Lead
.508
.242
Nickel
2.330
1.540
*Silver
.496
.206
Zinc
1.770
.738
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of
process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property any
one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-
lbs) of precious metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
.032
.014
Chromium
.041
.017
*Copper
.178
.093
*Cyanide
.027
.011
*Lead
.039
.019
Nickel
.180
.119
*Silver
.038
. 016
Z inc
.137
.057
1854
-------
Table X-31 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for Maximum for
any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal pressure bonded
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Precious Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
*Cadmium
Chromium
.028
.037
.159
.024
.035
.161
.034
.122
.013
. 015
.084
.010
. 017
.106
. 014
.051
*Copper
*Cyanide
*Lead
Nickel
*Silver
Zinc
1855
-------
Table X-32
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Normali zed
BAT Di scharge
Operat1 on
CD
U1
ON
Rolling
Draw 1ng
Ext rus ijn
Forg i ng
Metal Powder Production
Metal Powder Pressing
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Mo 1ten Salt
Tumbling or Burnishing
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils and graphite-
based lubricants
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Spent lubricants
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Was t ewat er
Floor wash water
Spent lubricants
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Spent baths
R i nsewat er
Ri nsewater
Wastewater
1 /kkg
0
429
0
0
1 , T90
0
32,3
28 1
0
0
389
12,100
334
8, 160
633
T ,250
gal/ton
0
1 03
0
0
28 5
0
7.75
67.3
0
0
93.3
2,910
B0.2
1 ,960
152
300
Production Normalizing
Parame t e r
Mass of refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Mass of refractory metals
ex t ruded
Mass of forged refractory
metals coaled with water
Mass of refractory metals
powder produced using water
Mass of refractory metals
surface treated
Mass of refractory metals
surface treated
Mass of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Mass of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Mass of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Mass of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished with
water-based media
-------
Table X-32 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORV FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Ope rat i on
Sawing or Grinding
CO
LP
-O
Dye Penetrant Testing
Equipment Cleaning
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Degreas i ng
Wet Air Pollution Control
Wast e St ream
Spen t neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Rinsewater
Wastewater
Wast ewater
Vari ous
Spent solvents
B1owdown
Norma 1i zed
BAT Di scharge
1/kkg gal/ton
0 0
297 71.1
2,430
13. 5
77.6
136
345
0
707
5B2
3. 25
18.6
32.6
83 . 0
0
1 09
Production Normalizing
Pa rameter
Mass of refractory metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
Mass of refractory metals
sawed or ground with contact
cooling water
Mass of refractory metals
sawed or ground and subse-
quent 1y r i ns ed
Mass of refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant
methods
Mass of refractory metals
formed on equipment requiring
cleaning with water
Mass of refractory metals
f o rmed
Mass of refractory metals
sawed, ground, surface coated
or surface treated
-------
Table X-33
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite-Based Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of
refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Chromium
.159
.064
*Copper
.549
.262
Lead
.120
.056
*Nickel
.236
.159
Silver
.125
.052
Zinc
.438
.180
Columbium
.052
*Fluoride
25.500
11.300
*Molybdenum
2.160
.957
Tantalum
.193
Vanadium
.043
Tungsten
1.490
.665
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1858
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Chromium
. 441
. 179
*Copper
1.530
.726
Lead
.333
.155
*Nickel
.655
. 441
Silver
. 345
.143
Zinc
1.220
.500
Columbium
.143
*Fluor ide
70.800
31.400
*Molybdenum
5.990
2. 660
Tantalum
.536
Vanadium
.119
Tungsten
4.140
1.850
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1859
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-
lbs) of :
forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Chromium
.012
.005
*Copper
.041
.020
Lead
.009
.004
*Nickel
.018
.012
Silver
.009
.004
Zinc
.033
.014
Columbium
.004
*Fluoride
1.920
.853
*Molybdenum
.163
.072
Tantalum
.015
Vanadium
.003
Tungsten
.113
.050
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-
lbs) of
refractory metals
powder produced
Chromium
.104
.042
*Copper
.360
.172
Lead
.079
.037
*Nickel
.155
.104
Silver
.082
.034
Z inc
. 287
.118
Columbium
.034
*Fluoride
16.700
7 .420
*Molybdenum
1.420
.627
Tantalum
.127
Vanadium
.028
Tungsten
.978
.436
1860
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of
refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
.144
.058
*Copper
.498
. 237
Lead
.109
. 051
*Nickel
. 214
.144
Silver
.113
.047
Zinc
.397
.164
Columbium
.047
*Fluoride
23.200
10.300
*Molybdenum
1.960
.868
Tantalum
.175
Vanadium
.039
Tungsten
1.360
.603
1861
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of :
refractory
metals
surface treated
Chromium
4.480
1.820
*Copper
15.500
7.380
Lead
3.390
1. 580
*Nickel
6.660
4.480
Silver
3. 510
1.450
Zinc
12.400
5.080
Columbium
1.450
*Fluoride
720.000
320 .000
*Molybdenum
60.900
27.000
Tantalum
5.450
Vanadium
1.210
Tungsten
42.100
18.800
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of :
ref ractory
metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
.124
.050
*Copper
.428
.204
Lead
.094
.043
*Nickel
.184
.124
Silver
.097
.040
Zinc
. 341
.140
Columbium
.040
*Fluoride
19.900
8.820
*Molybdenum
1.680
.745
Tantalum
.151
Vanadium
.033
Tungsten
1.160
. 518
1862
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
3.020
1.230
*Copper
10.500
4.980
Lead
2.290
1.060
*Nickel
4.490
3.020
Silver
2.370
.979
Zinc
8.330
3.430
Columbium
.979
*Fluoride
486.000
216.000
*Molybdenum
41.100
18.200
Tantalum
3.670
Vanadium
.816
T'jjigsten
28.400
12.700
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Chromium
. 234
.095
Copper
.810
. 386
Lead
.177
.082
Nickel
.348
.234
Silver
. 184
.076
Zinc
.646
. 266
Columbium
.076
Fluoride
37 .700
16.700
Molybdenum
3.190
1.410
Tantalum
. 285
Vanadium
.063
Tungsten
2. 200
.981
1863
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of :
refractory metals
tumbled or burnished
Chromium
.463
.188
*Copper
1.600
.763
Lead
.350
.163
*Nickel
.688
.463
Silver
.363
.150
Zinc
1.280
.525
Columbium
.150
*Fluoride
74.400
33.000
^Molybdenum
6.290
2.790
Tantalum
.563
Vanadium
.125
Tungsten
4.350
1.940
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1864
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
.110
.045
Copper
.380
. 181
Lead
.083
.039
Nickel
.164
. 110
Silver
.086
.036
Zinc
.303
.125
Columbium
.036
Fluoride
17 .700
7.840
Molybdenum
1.500
.663
Tantalum
.134
Vanadium
.030
Tungsten
1.040
.461
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
.899
.365
*Copper
3.110
1. 480
Lead
.681
.316
*Nickel
1.340
.899
Silver
.705
. 292
Zinc
2.480
1.020
Columbium
. 292
*Fluoride
145.000
64.200
^Molybdenum
12.200
5.420
Tantalum
1.100
Vanadium
. 243
Tungsten
8.460
3.770
1865
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Chromium
.005
.002
*Copper
.017
. 008
Lead
.004
. 002
*Nickel
.007
.005
Silver
.004
.002
Zinc
.014
.006
Columbium
.002
*Fluoride
.803
. 357
*Molybdenum
.068
.030
Tantalum
.006
Vanadium
.001
Tungsten
.047
.021
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of
refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant
methods
Chromium
.029
.012
*Copper
.099
.047
Lead
.022
.010
*Nickel
.043
.029
Silver
. 023
.009
Z inc
.079
.033
Columbium
.009
*Fluoride
4.620
2.050
*Molybdenum
. 391
.173
Tantalum
.035
Vanadium
.008
Tungsten
. 270
.120
1866
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
.050
. 020
*Copper
.174
.083
Lead
.038
.018
*Nickel
.075
.050
Silver
.040
.016
Zinc
.139
.057
Columbium
.016
*Fluoride
8.090
3. 590
*Molybdenum
.684
. 303
Tantalum
.061
Vanadium
.014
Tungsten
. 473
.211
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
.128
.052
*Copper
.442
. 211
Lead
.097
.045
*Nickel
.190
.128
Silver
.100
.041
Zinc
. 352
.145
Columbium
. 041
*Fluoride
20 . 500
9.110
*Molybdenum
1.740
.770
Tantalum
.155
Vanadium
.035
Tungsten
1. 200
. 535
1867
-------
Table X-33 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Refractory Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
. 291
.118
*Copper
1.010
.480
Lead
.221
.103
*Nickel
.433
.291
Silver
.228
.095
Zinc
.803
.331
Columbium
.095
*Fluoride
46.800
20.800
*Molybdenum
3.960
1.760
Tantalum
.354
Vanadium
.079
Tungsten
2.740
1.220
1868
-------
Table X-34
bat regulatorv flows for the
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1i zed
BAT Discharge
Opera 1ion
03
CTl
Rolling
Draw i ng
Ext rusi on
Forgi rg
Tube Reducing
Fleat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Mo I ten Sa 1 t
Waste 5tream
Spent neat oils
Contact cooling water
Spent neat oils
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Equipment cleaning wastewater
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Spent baths
Ri nsewater
R i nsewater
1 /kkg
0
488
0
0
71.9
178
0
99.9
40 . 0
1,010
0
0
208
2,920
240
276
955
gaI/t on
0
1 1 7
0
0
17.2
42.8
0
24. 0
9 . 60
242
0
0
49 .9
700
57.5
66.3
229
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of titanium rolled with
contact cooling water
Mass of titanium extruded with
emu 1s i ons
Mass of titanium extruded
Mass of forged titanium cooled
with water
Mass of titanium forged on
equipment requiring cleaning
with water
Mass of titanium forged
Mass of titanium surface
t reated
Mass of titanium surface
t reated
Mass of titanium alkaline
c1eaned
Mass of titanium alkaline
c1eaned
Mass of titanium treated with
mo 1t en salt
Tumb1 i ng
Wastewater
79 . 0
1 S . 9
Mass of titanium tumbled with
-------
water-based media
Table X-34 (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Operat i on
Sawing or Grinding
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Dye Penetrant Testing
Wastewater
00
--J
o
Hydrotest i ng
Miscellaneous Wastewater
Sources
Degreas i ng
Wet Air Pollution Control
Wastewater
Var i ous
Spent so 1 vents
B1owdown
Norma 1i zed
BAT Discharge
1 /kkg
0
183
476
1 , 120
0
32.4
ga1/ton
0
43.8
1 14
268
0
7.77
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of titanium sawed or
ground with an emulsion
Mass of titanium sawed or
ground with contact cooling
water
Mass of titanium tested with
dye penetrant methods
Mass of titanium formed
0
214
0
51.4
Mass of titanium surface
treated or forged
-------
Table X-35
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
rolled with contact cooling water
Chromium
. 215
.088
Copper
.927
. 488
*Cyanide
.142
.059
*Lead
.205
.098
Nickel
.937
.620
*Zinc
.713
.298
*Ammonia
65.100
28.600
*Fluoride
29.100
12.900
Titanium
.459
. 200
BAT
Titanium Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1871
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded with emulsions
Chromium
.032
.013
Copper
.137
.072
*Cyanide
.021
.009
*Lead
.030
.014
Nickel
.138
.091
*Zinc
.105
.044
*Ammonia
9.590
4. 220
*Fluoride
4.280
1.900
Titanium
.068
.030
BAT
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded
Chromium
.078
.032
Copper
.338
.178
*Cyanide
.052
.021
*Lead
.075
.036
Nickel
.342
.226
*Zinc
. 260
.109
*Ammonia
23.700
10.500
*Fluoride
10.600
4.700
Titanium
.168
.073
1872
-------
Table X-35 Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant
pollutant
or Maximum for
property any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million off-lbs) of
forged titanium
cooled with water
Chromium
. 044
. 018
Copper
.190
.100
*Cyanide
.029
.012
*Lead
.042
.020
Nickel
.192
.127
*Zinc
.146
.061
*Ammonia
13.300
5.860
*Fluoride
5.950
2.640
Titanium
.094
.041
1873
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
.018
.007
Copper
.076
.040
*Cyanide
.012
. 005
*Lead
.017
.008
Nickel
.077
.051
*Zinc
.058
.024
*Ammonia
5.330
2.350
*Fluoride
2.380
1.060
Titanium
.038
.016
BAT
Titanium Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
.445
.182
Copper
1.920
1.010
*Cyanide
.293
.121
*Lead
.424
.202
Nickel
1.940
1.280
*Zinc
1.480
.616
*Ammonia
135.000
59.200
~Fluoride
60.100
26.700
Titanium
.950
.414
1874
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
.092
.038
Copper
.395
.208
*Cyanide
.060
.025
*Lead
.087
.042
Nickel
. 400
. 264
*Zinc
.304
.127
*Ammonia
27.700
12.200
*Fluor ide
12.400
5.490
Titanium
.196
.085
1875
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of
ti tanium
surface treated
Chromium
1. 290
.526
Copper
5.550
2.920
*Cyanide
.847
.351
*Lead
1. 230
.584
Nickel
5.610
3.710
*Zinc
4. 270
1.780
*Ammonia
389.000
171.000
*Fluor ide
174.000
77 .100
Titanium
2.750
1. 200
BAT
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of
titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
.106
.043
Copper
.456
. 240
*Cyanide
.070
.029
*Lead
.101
.048
Nickel
.461
.305
*Zinc
.351
.147
*Ammonia
32.000
14.100
*Fluor ide
14.300
6.340
Titanium
. 226
.098
1876
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs)oftitanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
.122
.050
Copper
.525
.276
*Cyanide
.080
.033
*Lead
.116
.055
Nickel
.530
. 351
*Zinc
.403
.169
*Ammonia
36.800
16.200
*Fluoride
16.400
7. 290
Titanium
. 260
. 113
BAT
Titanium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
treated with molten salt
Chromium
.420
.172
Copper
1.820
.955
*Cyanide
.277
. 115
*Lead
.401
.191
Nickel
1.840
1.210
*Zinc
1.400
. 583
*Ammonia
128.000
56.000
*Fluor ide
56.800
25.200
Titanium
.898
.392
1877
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Tumbling Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
tumbled
Chromium
.035
.014
Copper
.150
.079
*Cyanide
.023
.009
*Lead
.033
.016
Nickel
.152
.101
*Zinc
.116
.048
*Ammonia
10.600
4.630
*Fluor ide
4.700
2.090
Titanium
.074
.032
BAT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1878
-------
Table X~3d (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
Maximum fcr Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with
emulsions
Chromium
.081
.033
Copper
. 348
.183
*Cyanide
.053
.022
*Lead
.077
.037
Nickel
.352
. 233
*Zinc
.267
. 112
*Ammonia
24.400
10.700
*Fluoride
10.900
4.830
Titanium
.172
.075
BAT
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of titanium
sawed or ground with
contact cooling water
Chromium
. 210
.086
Copper
.905
.476
*Cyanide
.138
.057
*Lead
.200
.095
Nickel
.914
.605
*Zinc
.695
. 291
*Ammonia
63.500
27.900
*Fluoride
28.300
12.600
Titanium
.448
.195
1879
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
tested with dye penetrant methods
Chromium
.493
.202
Copper
2.130
1.120
*Cyanide
.325
.135
*Lead
.471
.224
Nickel
2.150
1.420
*Zinc
1.640
.683
*Ammonia
149.000
65.700
*Fluoride
66.700
29.600
Titanium
1.050
.459
BAT
Titanium Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of
titanium
formed
Chromium
.014
.006
Copper
.062
.032
*Cyanide
.009
.004
*Lead
.014
.006
Nickel
.062
.041
*Zinc
.047
.020
*Ammonia
4.320
1.900
*Fluoride
1.930
.856
Titanium
.031
.013
1880
-------
Table X-35 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Titanium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Titanium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
formed
Chromium
.094
.039
Copper
. 407
.214
*Cyanide
.062
.026
*Lead
.090
.043
Nickel
.411
.272
*Zinc
.313
.131
~Ammonia
28.500
12.600
*Fluoride
12.800
5.650
Titanium
.201
.088
1881
-------
Table X-36
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1i zed
BAT Discharge
00
00
NJ
Operat i on
Ext rusion
Forgi ng
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Sawing or Grinding
Area Cleaning
Degreas i ng
Wet Air Pollution Control
Drum Washwater
Laundry Washwater
Waste Stream
Spent lubricants
Tool contact cooling water
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Ri nsewater
Washwater
Spent solvents
B1owdown
Wastewater
Wastewater
1 /kkg
0
34.4
0
31.3
27.2
337
5.68
165
4.65
42.9
0
3.49
44.3
26.2«
ga1/ton
0
8.25
0
7.52
6.52
80.9
1 .36
39. 5
1.12
10.3
0
0.836
10.6
6.30**
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of uranium extruded with
tools requiring contact cool-
i ng with water
Mass of extruded or forged
uranium heat treated and
subsequently cooled with water
Mass of uranium surface
t reated
Mass of uranium surface
t reat ed
Mass of uranium sawed or
ground with emulsions
Mass of uranium sawed or
ground with contact cooling
wat er
Mass of uranium sawed or
ground and subsequently rinsed
Mass of uranium formed
Mass of uranium surface
t reat ed
Mass of uranium formed
Emp1oyee-day
*L i ters/emp1oyee-day.
* *Ga11ons/emp1oyee-day.
-------
Table X-37
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Uranium Forming
Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of uranium
extruded
~Cadmium
.007
.003
*Chromium
.013
.005
*Copper
.044
.021
*Lead
.010
.001
*Nickel
.019
.013
Zinc
.035
.015
~Fluoride
2.050
.908
~Molybdenum
.173
.077
Uranium
.148
.108
BAT
Uranium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1883
-------
Table X-37 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of extruded or forged
uranium heat treated
*Cadmium
.006
.003
*Chromium
.012
.005
*Copper
.040
.019
*Lead
.009
.004
*Nickel
.017
.012
Zinc
.032
.013
*Fluoride
1.860
.827
*Molybdenum
.158
.070
Uranium
.134
.098
BAT
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of i
jranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
.005
.002
*Chromium
.010
.004
*Copper
.035
.017
*Lead
.008
.004
*Nickel
.015
. 010
Zinc
.028
.011
*Fluoride
1.620
.718
*Molybdenum
.137
.061
Uranium
.117
.085
1884
-------
Table X-37 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
*Cadmium
.067
.027
*Chromium
.125
.051
*Copper
.432
.206
*Lead
.094
.044
*Nickel
.186
.125
Zinc
.344
.142
*Fluoride
20.100
8.900
~Molybdenum
1.700
.752
Uranium
1.450
1.050
BAT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of uranium ~
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Cadmium
.0011
.0005
*Chromium
.0021
.0009
*Copper
.0073
.0035
*Lead
.0016
.0007
*Nickel
.0031
.0021
Zinc
.0058
.0024
*Fluoride
.3380
.1500
~Molybdenum
.0286
.0127
Uranium
.0244
.0178
1885
-------
Table X-37 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum
monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of uranium
sawed or ground with
contact cooling
water
*Cadmium
.033
.013
*Chromium
.061
.025
*Copper
. 211
.101
*Lead
.046
.022
*Nickel
.091
.061
Zinc
.169
.069
*Fluor ide
9.820
4. 360
*Molybdenum
.830
.368
Uranium
.708
. 515
BAT ,
Uranium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of :
sawed or ground
uranium rinsed
*Cadmium
.0009
.0004
*Chromium
.0017
. 0007
*Copper
. 0060
.0028
*Lead
.0013
. 0006
*Nickel
.0026
.0017
Zinc
.0048
.0020
*Fluoride
.2770
.1230
*Molybdenum
.0234
.0104
Uranium
.0200
.0145
1886
-------
Table X-37 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Area Cleaning Washwater
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of i
uranium
formed
~Cadmium
.009
.003
~Chromium
.016
.006
~Copper
.055
.026
~Lead
. 012
.006
*Nickel
.024
.016
Zinc
. 044
.018
~Fluoride
2.550
1.130
~Molybdenum
.216
.096
Uranium
.184
.134
BAT
Uranium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Uranium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of uranium
surface treated
~Cadmium
. 0007
.0003
~Chromium
.0013
. 0005
~Copper
.0045
.0021
~Lead
. 0010
.0005
~Nickel
.0019
.0013
Zinc
. 0036
.0015
~Fluor ide
. 2080
.0922
~Molybdenum
.0176
. 0078
Uranium
. 0150
.0109
1887
-------
Table X-37 (Continued)
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Uranium Forming
Drum Washwater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of uranium
formed
*Cadmium
.009
.004
*Chromium
.016
.007
*Copper
.057
.027
*Lead
.012
.006
*Nickel
.024
.016
Zinc
.045
.019
*Fluoride
2.640
1.170
*Molybdenum
.223
.099
Uranium
.190
.138
BAT
Uranium Forming
Laundry Washwater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/employee-day uranium formed
Cadmium
5.240
2 .100
Chromium
9.700
3.930
Copper
33.600
16.000
Lead
7.340
3.410
Nickel
14.400
9.700
Zinc
26.700
11.000
Fluoride
1,560.000
692.000
Molybdenum
132.000
58.400
Uranium
113.000
81.800
1888
-------
Table X-38
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1i zed
BAT Discharge
Operat1 on
00
00
vo
RolIing
Draxing
Cast i ng
Direct Chill Casting
Stationary Casting
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Sawing or Grinding
Degressi ng
Elect rocoat i ng
Waste Stream
Spen t neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Spent emulsions
Spent solvents
Ri nsewater
1 /kkg
0
1 .39
53. 6
5.80
50.5
0
76.3
8B .7
35a
3.55
1 , 690
23.8
0
229
ga1/ton
0
0 .334
12.9
T .39
12.1
0
18.3
21.3
85.9
0.050
405
5.71
0
55.0
Production Normalizing
Pa rameter
Mass of zinc rolled with
emu 1s i ons
Mass of zinc rolled with
contact cooling water
Mass of zinc drawn with
emu 1s i ons
Mass of zinc cast by the
direct chill method
Mass of zinc heat treated and
subsequently cooled with water
Mass of zinc surface treated
Mass of zinc surface treated
Mass of zinc alkaline cleaned
Mass of zinc alkaline cleaned
Mass of zinc sawed or ground
wi th emu 1 si ons
Mass of zinc electrocoated
-------
Table
X-39
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
.0005
.0002
*Copper
.0018
.0009
*Cyanide
.0003
.0001
Nickel
.0008
.0005
*Zinc
.0014
.0006
BAT
Zinc Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
rolled with contact
cooling water
*Chromium
.020
.008
*Copper
.069
.033
*Cyanide
.011
.004
Nickel
.030
.020
*Zinc
.055
.023
1890
-------
Table X-39 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-
lbs) of zinc
drawn with emulsions
*Chromium
.0022
.0009
*Copper
.0074
.0035
*Cyanide
.0012
.0005
Nickel
.0032
.0022
*Zinc
.0059
.0024
BAT
Zinc Forming
Direct Chill Casting i
Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-
lbs) of zinc
cast
by the direct chill method
*Chromium
.019
.008
*Copper
.065
.031
*Cyanide
.010
.004
Nickel
. 028
.019
*Zinc
.052
.021
BAT
Zinc Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1891
-------
Table X-39 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
heat treated
*Chromium
.028
.012
*Copper
.098
.047
*Cyanide
.015
. 006
Nickel
.042
.028
*Zinc
.078
. 032
BAT
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatement Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
.033
.013
*Copper
.114
.054
*Cyanide
.018
.007
Nickel
.049
.033
*Zinc
.091
.037
1892
-------
Table X-39 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of zinc
surface treated
*Chromium
.133
.054
*Copper
.458
. 219
*Cyanide
.072
.029
Nickel
.197
.133
*Zinc
.365
.151
BAT
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
.0013
.0005
*Copper
.0046
.0022
*Cyanide
.0007
.0003
Nickel
.0020
.0013
*Zinc
.0036
.0015
1893
-------
Table X-39 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium .626 .254
*Copper 2.170 1.030
*Cyanide .338 .135
Nickel .930 .626
*Zinc 1.730 .710
BAT
Zinc Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc
sawed or ground with emulsions
*Chromium .009 .004
*Copper .031 .015
*Cyanide .005 .002
Nickel .013 .009
*Zinc .024 .010
BAT
Zinc Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1894
-------
Table X-39 (Continued)
ZINC FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zinc Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum
for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one
day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs)
of zinc
electrocoated
*Chromium
•
085
.034
*Copper
•
293
.140
*Cyanide
•
046
.018
Nickel
•
126
.085
*Zinc
234
.096
1895
-------
Table X-40
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Normali zed
BAT Discharge
Operat i on
00
ID
en
Ro1 1i ng
Draw 1ng
Ext rusion
Swag i ng
Tube Reducing
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Mo 1 ten Salt
Sawing or Grinding
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent lubricants
Spent lubricants
Press hydraulic fluid leakage
Spent neat oils
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling water
Spent baths
R i nsewa ter
Spent baths
R i nsewater
Rinsewater
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling water
Ri nsewater
1 / kkg
0
0
0
237
0
0
34.3
340
888
1 ,600
3, 140
756
O
28 1
321
180
ga1/1 on
0
0
0
56. 9
0
0
S.23
81.5
213
384
753
18 1
0
67.4
77.0
43, 1
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
ex t ruded
Mass of zirconium-hafnium heat
treated and subsequently
cooled with water
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
treated with molten salt
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact
coo1i ng water
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground and subse-
quently rinsed
-------
Table X-4Q (Continued)
BAT REGULATORY FLOWS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
Norma 1 i zed
BAT Discharge
Ope rat 1 on
Inspection and Testing
Degressing
Wet Air Pollution Control
Degreas i ng
Waste Stream
Was tewater
Spent solvents
B1owdown
R i nsewater
1 ! kkg
15.4
0
0
0
gal/ton
3 .70
0
0
0
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of zirconium-hafnium
tested
00
VX5
-------
Table X-41
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
*Chromium
.104
.043
Copper
.451
.237
*Cyanide
.069
.029
Lead
.100
.047
*Nickel
.455
. 301
Zinc
.346
.145
*Ammonia
31.600
13.900
*Fluoride
14.100
6.260
Zirconium
6.830
3.300
1898
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Swaging Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of :
zirconium-hafnium
heat treated
*Chromium
.015
.006
Copper
.065
.034
*Cyanide
.010
.004
Lead
.014
.007
*Nickel
.066
.044
Zinc
.050
.021
*Ammonia
4.570
2.010
*Fluor ide
2.040
.906
Zirconium
.988
.477
1899
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of :
zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
.150
.061
Copper
.646
.340
*Cyanide
.099
.041
Lead
.143
.068
*Nickel
.653
. 432
Zinc
.497
.208
*Ammonia
45.300
19 .900
*Fluoride
20.300
8.980
Zirconium
9.790
4.730
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of :
zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
*Chromium
.391
.160
Copper
1.690
.888
*Cyanide
.258
.107
Lead
.373
.178
*Nickel
1.710
1.130
Zinc
1.300
. 542
*Ammonia
119.000
52.100
*Fluoride
52.900
23.500
Zirconium
25.600
12.400
1900
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of '
zirconium-hafnium
alkaline -
cleaned
*Chromium
.704
. 288
Copper
3.040
1. 600
*Cyanide
.464
.192
Lead
.672
.320
*Nickel
3.070
2.030
Zinc
2.340
.976
*Ammonia
213.000
93.800
*Fluoride
95.200
42.300
Zirconium
46.100
22.300
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
*Chromium
1.380
.565
Copper
5.970
3.140
*Cyanide
.911
.377
Lead
1. 320
.628
*Nickel
6 .030
3.990
Zinc
4.590
1.920
*Ammonia
419.000
184 . 000
*Fluoride
187.000
82.900
Zirconium
90.500
43.700
1901
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs)of zirconium-hafnium
treated with molten salt
*Chromium
.333
.136
Copper
1.440
.756
*Cyanide
.219
.091
Lead
.318
. 151
*Nickel
1.450
.960
Zinc
1.110
. 461
*Ammonia
101.000
44.300
*Fluoride
45.000
20.000
Zirconium
21.800
10.500
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1902
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of
zirconium-hafnium
sawed or i
ground with
emulsions
*Chromium
.124
.051
Copper
.534
.281
*Cyanide
.082
.034
Lead
. 118
.056
*Nickel
.540
.357
Zinc
.410
.172
*Ammonia
37.500
16.500
*Fluoride
16.700
7 . 420
Zirconium
8.090
3.910
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
*Chromium
.141
.058
Copper
.610
. 321
*Cyanide
.093
.039
Lead
.135
.064
*Nickel
. 617
.408
Zinc
.469
.196
*Ammonia
42.800
18.800
*Fluor ide
19.100
8.480
Zirconium
9.250
4.460
1903
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
zirconium-hafnium rinsed
*Chromium
.079
.032
Copper
. 342
.180
*Cyanide
.052
.022
Lead
.076
.036
*Nickel
.346
.229
Zinc
.263
.110
*Ammonia
24.000
10 .600
*Fluoride
10.700
4.750
Zirconium
5.190
2.500
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Inspection and Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
tested
*Chromium
.007
.003
Copper
.029
. 015
*Cyanide
.004
.002
Lead
.006
.003
*Nickel
.030
.020
Zinc
.023
.009
*Ammonia
2.050
.903
*Fluoride
.917
.407
Zi rconium
.444
. 214
1904
-------
Table X-41 (Continued)
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blcwdown
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
BAT
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Degreasing Rinse
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1905
-------
Operat i on
Metal Powder Production
Table X-42
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
Normali zed
BAT Discharge
Waste Stream
Atomization wastewater
1 / kkg
5,040
ga1/ton
1,210
Tumbling, Burnishing or
C1ean i ng
Wastewater
4,400
1 ,050
Sawing or Grinding
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
0
18.1
0
4.33
Contact cooling water
1 ,620
369
S i z i ng
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
0
14.6
0
3.50
Steam Treatment Wet Air
Pollution Control
Oil-Resin Impregnation
Degreas i ng
Hot Pressing
B 1 owdown
Spent neat oils
Spent solvents
Contact cooling water
792
0
0
8 ,800
190
0
0
2,110
Mixing Wet Air Pollution
Cont ro1
B1owdown
7,900
1 ,890
Production Normalizing
Parameter
Mass of powder produced by
wet atomization
Mass of powder metallurgy
parts tumbled, burnished or
cleaned with watei—based media
Mass of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with
emu 1s i ons
Mass of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with
contact cooling water
Mass of powder sized using
emu 1s i ons
Mass of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Mass of powder cooled with
water after pressing
Mass of powder mixed
-------
Table X-43
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Metal Powders
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder
wet atomized
Chromium
2.220
.907
*Copper
9.580
5.040
*Cyanide
1.460
.605
*Lead
2.120
1.010
Nickel
9.680
6.400
Zinc
7.360
3.080
Aluminum
32.400
16.100
Iron
6.050
3.080
BAT
Metal Powders
Tumbling, Burnishing, or Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Chromium
1.940
.792
*Copper
8. 360
4 . 400
*Cyanide
1. 280
.528
*Lead
1.850
.880
Nickel
8.450
5.590
Zinc
6.430
2.690
Aluminum
28.300
14.100
Iron
5. 280
2.690
1907
-------
Table X-43 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with emulsons
Chromium
.008
.003
*Copper
.034
.018
*Cyanide
.005
. 002
*Lead
.008
.004
Nickel
.035
.023
Zinc
.026
.011
Aluminum
.117
.058
Iron
.022
.011
BAT
Metal Powders
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
.713
. 292
*Copper
3.080
1.620
*Cyanide
.470
.195
*Lead
.681
.324
Nickel
3.110
2.060
Zinc
2.370
.988
Aluminum
10.400
5.190
Iron
1.950
.988
1908
-------
Table X-43 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Metal Powders
Sizing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder
sized
Chromium
.006
.003
*Copper
.028
.015
*Cyanide
.004
.002
*Lead
.006
.003
Nickel
.028
.019
Zinc
.021
.009
Aluminum
.094
.047
Iron
.018
.009
BAT
Metal Powders
Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy
parts steam treated
Chromium
.349
.143
*Copper
1.510
.792
*Cyanide
. 230
.095
*Lead
.333
.159
Nickel
1.520
1.010
Zinc
1.160
.483
Aluminum
5.090
2.540
Iron
.951
.483
1909
-------
Table X-43 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Metal Powders
Oil-Resin Impregnation Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Metal Powders
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
BAT
Metal Powders
Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of powder
cooled after pressing
Chromium
3.870
1.590
*Copper
16.700
8.800
*Cyanide
2.550
1.060
*Lead
3.700
1.760
Nickel
16.900
11. 200
Zinc
12.900
5.370
Aluminum
56.600
28.200
Iron
10.600
5.370
1910
-------
Table X-43 (Continued)
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT
Metal Powders
Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of powder
mixed
Chromium
3.480
1.420
*Copper
15.000
7.900
*Cyanide
2.290
.948
*Lead
3.320
1.580
Nickel
15.200
10.100
Zinc
11.600
4.820
Aluminum
50.800
25.300
Iron
9.480
4.820
1911
-------
Chemical Addition
WjsIv St rC3""» Requiring
Inula ion Hre iking
Renewal of OIL
dnJ Graa*«
Cyanide
FreeIpltation
Ciieitici!
FreeipitatIon
Discharge
ic a t i on
~r
Requiring
Lltr"i
-------
domical Xd.lltlon
EnmIjInn 9re.ifelnn
Prelimlnjrv frem
Oil and Greai
„ oil
wA
rrwnic.it
Free {p I tat I'
SedlnentmcIon
W ist*
Rfjuirlng —
(hromlufl Reduction
Preliminary Treat™
Requiring Ho
PrelIwlnary Treatment
Removal of Oil
Vacuum Filtration
Wa*le Stream
Ruqiilrlns;
Hyanlde
Preclp L c a tinn
Preliminary
Sludge Recycle
Requiting Ammonia Steam Stripping
Preliminary Treatment
In,
«L
NOTE: 1) Waste streams which may require specific preliminary treatment are
listed in Table IX-1.
2) Chemical precipitation includes iron coprecipitation when necessary
to remove molybdenum.
Figure X-2
BAT OPTION 3 TREATMENT TRAIN FOR THE NONFERROUS METALS FORMING CATEGORY
-------
SECTION XI
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The basis for new source performance standards (NSPS) under
Section 306 of the Clean Water Act is the best available demon"
strated technology (BDT). New plants have the opportunity to
design the best and most efficient production processes, and
wastewater treatment technologies. Therefore, NSPS includes
process changes, in-plant controls (including elimination of
wastewater streams), operating procedure changes, and end-of-pipe
treatment technologies to reduce pollution to the maximum extent
possible. This section describes the control technology for
treatment of wastewater from new sources and presents mass
discharge limitations of regulated pollutants for NSPS, based on
the described control technology.
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO NSPS
Most wastewater reduction and process changes applicable to a new
source have been considered previously for the BAT options. For
this reason, the three options considered as the basis for the
BAT options in Section X were also considered for NSPS. The
three options are summarized below and presented in greater
detail in Section X.
In summary form, the treatment technologies considered for new
nonferrous metals forming facilities are:
NSPS Option 1 is based on:
Oil skimming,
Lime and settle (chemical precipitation of metals
followed by sedimentation),
pH adjustment; and, where required,
Iron co-precipitation,
Chemical emulsion breaking,
Ammonia steam stripping,
Cyanide removal, and
Hexavalent chromium reduction.
NSPS Option 2 is based on:
NSPS Option 1, plus process wastewater flow
minimization by the following methods:
Contact cooling water recycle through cooling
towers or holding tanks.
Air pollution control scrubber liquor recycle.
Countercurrent cascade rinsing or other water
efficient methods applied to surface treatment
rinses and alkaline cleaning rinses.
Use of periodic batch discharges or decreased
flow rate for molten salt rinsewater.
1915
-------
- Recycle of equipment cleaning wastewater,
tumbling, burnishing and cleaning wastewater,
and other wastewater streams through holding
tanks with suspended solids removal if necessary.
NSPS Option 3 is based on:
NSPS Option 2, plus multimedia filtration at the end
of the NSPS Option 2 treatment train. Plus ion
exchange for the precious metals subcategory.
A more detailed discussion of these options and their applicabil-
ity with each of the 10 subcategories is presented in Section X.
NSPS OPTION SELECTION
EPA is issuing NSPS on the same technology basis as BAT for eight
of the 10 subcategories in the nonferrous metals forming
category. For the magnesium subcategory, EPA is issuing NSPS
based on technology equivalent to BAT technology for that
s^b9ategory with the addition of filtration prior to discharge.
Fpr the metal powders subcategory, EPA is issuing NSPS based oh
technology equivalent to BAT technology for that subcategory with
tile- additional process wastewater flow minimization. As
discussed in Sections IX and X, these technologies are currently
used at plants within this point source category.
EPA is issuing NSPS based on the application of lime, settle, and
filter with in-process controls to reduce wastewater flows fbr
the nickel-cobalt, refractory metals, uranium, and zinc forming
subcategories. Filtration has been included in the NSPS model
technology for subcategories because new plants have the opportu-
nity to design the most efficient process water use and waste-
water reduction techniques within their processes, thereby
reducing the size of and cost of filtration equipment. Specifi-
cally, the design of new plants can be based on recycle of
contact cooling water through cooling towers, recycle of air
pollution control scrubber liquor or the use of dry air pollution
control equipment, and use of countercurrent cascade rinsing.
These reductions in water use in turn reduce the cost of waste-
water treatment technologies, including filtration equipment.
For the lead-tin-bismuth, precious metals, titanium, and
zirconium-hafnium forming subcategories, the Agency is issuing
NSPS on the basis of flow reduction, lime, and settle.
The NSPS regulatory flows are the same as the BAT regulatory
flows discussed in Section X with the exception of three waste
streams in the metal powders subcategory. These are tumbling,
burnishing, and cleaning wastewater; steam treatment wet air
pollution control blowdown; and hot pressing contact cooling
water. The NSPS flows for these waste streams are based on
recycle of process wastewater. Opportunities to achieve further
flow reduction of process wastewater do currently exist for these
process waste streams; however, they are not employed at existing
direct discharge facilities. The Agency believes these processes
1916
-------
could be used at new sources. Further, a new plant has the
opportunity to build into the plant when it is being constructed
the necessary cooling towers, holding tanks or sedimentation
equipment required to recycle these streams.
Table XI-1 presents a summary of the option selected as the basis
for NSPS for each subcategory.
New sources regardless of whether they are plants with major
modifications or greenfield sites, will have costs that are not
greater than the costs that existing sources would incur in
achieving equivalent pollutant discharge reduction. In fact,
these costs may be less, since retrofitting is unnecessary.
Based on this, the Agency believes that the selected NSPS is
appropriate for both greenfield sites and existing sites undergo-
ing major modifications (e.g., a primary zinc plant which
installs a rolling operation).
Costs and Environmental Benefits of Treatment Options
Costs for an individual new source can be estimated using the
methods described in Section VIII. The Agency has not estimated
total costs or benefits for the category or subcategories since
it is not known how many new nonferrous metals forming plants
will be built.
REGULATED POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
The Agency has no reason to believe that the pollutants that will
be found in significant quantities in processes within new
sources will be any different than those found in existing
sources. Consequently, pollutants selected for regulation, in
accordance with the rationale of Section VI, are the same ones
for each subcategory that were selected for BAT plus TSS, oil and
grease, and pH. At NSPS, as at BAT, the other metal priority
pollutants considered for regulation will be controlled by
regulation of these selected pollutants.
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The regulatory production normalized flows for NSPS are the same
as the production normalized flows for the selected BAT option
with the exception of three streams in the metal powders subcate-
gory. New plants can design and install recycle systems for
these streams during original plant construction. As such, new
plants would not incur the costs of retrofitting these recycle
systems. The NSPS flow allowance for tumbling, burnishing and
cleaning wastewater is 440 1/kkg (105 gal/ton). The NSPS flow
allowance for steam treatment wet air pollution control blowdown
is 79.2 1/kkg (19.0 gal/ton). The NSPS flow allowance for hot
pressing contact cooling water is 880 1/kkg (211 gal/ton). These
flows are based on 90 percent flow reduction from BAT flows using
process wastewater flow minimization techniques discussed in
detail in Section X.
1917
-------
The treatment effectiveness for each subcategory is based on the
values presented in Table VII-21 for lime and settle or lime,
settle, and filter treatment. The mass of pollutant allowed to
be discharged per mass of product is calculated by multiplying
the appropriate treatment effectiveness value (one-day maximum
and 10-day average values) (mg/1) by the production normalized
flows (1/kkg). When these calculations are performed, the mass-
based NSPS can be derived for the selected option for each
subcategory. These values are presented for each of the 10
subcategories in Tables XI-2 through XI-11.
1918
-------
Table XI-1
OPTIONS SELECTED AS THE TECHNOLOGY BASES FOR NSPS
Subcategory
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Magnesium Forming
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Precious Metals Forming
Refractory Metals Forming
Titanium Forming
Uranium Forming
Zinc Forming
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Metal Powders
NSPS
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Option 2
Option 3
Option 2
Option 3
Option 3
Option 2
Option 2
Option 1 - Flow Normalization, Lime and Settle
Option 2 - Flow Reduction, Lime and Settle
Option 3 - Flow Reduction, Lime and Settle, Multimedia Filtration
1919
-------
Table XI-2
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
.067 .030
.010 .005
.468 .281
.960 .457
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Rolling Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
*Antimony .124 .055
*Lead .018 .009
*Oil and Grease .860 .516
*TSS 1.770 .839
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1920
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
.076 .034
.011 .005
.526 .316
1.080 .513
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
*Antimony .021 .010
*Lead .003 .001
*Oil and Grease .149 .090
*TSS .306 .146
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1921
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
* Within the range
.413 .185
.061 .029
2.880 1.730
5.910 2.810
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
*Antimony .158 .070
*Lead .023 .011
*Oil and Grease 1.100 .660
*TSS 2.260 1.070
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1922
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Swaging Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsions
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
.0051 .0023
.0008 .0004
.0354 .0213
.0726 .0345
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
*Ant imony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
.0029 .0013.
.0004 .0002
.0200 .0120
.0410 .0195
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1923
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
*Antimony .008 .004
*Lead .001 .001
*Oil and Grease .059 .035
*TSS .121 .057
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
.107 .048
.016 .007
.746 .448
1.530 .728
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1924
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
.169 .075
.025 .012
1.180 .706
2.410 1.150
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
.345
.050
2.400
4.920
. 154
. 024
1. 440
2. 340
tpH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1925
-------
Table XI-2 (Continued)
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
*Antimony
*Lead
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
.678 .302
.099 .047
4.720 2.830
9.680 4.600
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1926
-------
Table XI-3
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
rolled with emulsions
*Chromium
.028
.011
*Zinc
.076
. 031
*Ammonia
9.950
4. 370
*Fluoride
4.440
1.970
Magnesium
.005
*Oil and Grease
.746
.746
*TSS
1.120
.895
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium
cooled with water
*Chromium .107 .043
*Zinc .295 .122
*Ammonia 38.500 17.000
*Fluoride 17.200 7.630
Magnesium .019
*Oil and Grease 2.890 2.890
*TSS 4.340 3.470
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1927
-------
Table XI-3 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
forged
*Chromium .0015 .0006
*Zinc .0041 .0017
*Ammonia .5320 .2340
*Fluoride .2380 .1060
Magnesium .0003
*Oil and Grease .0399 .0399
*TSS .0599 .0479
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
cast with direct chill methods
*Chromium 1.460 .593
*Zinc 4.030 1.660
*Ammonia 527.000 232.000
*Fluor ide 235.000 104.000
Magnesium .265
*Oil and Grease 39.500 39.500
*TSS 59.300 47.400
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1928
-------
Table XI-3 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
62
27
4
6
173
476
100
700
031
660
990
. 070
. 196
27.300
12.300
4.660
5. 590
kpH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
surface treated
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
1
252
113
18
28
700
930
000
000
127
900
400
. 284
.794
111.000
49.900
18.900
22.700
kpH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1929
-------
Table XI-3 (Continued)
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Sawing or Grinding
Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-
sawed or ground
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
¦lbs) of magnesium
.007
.020
2.600
1.160
.001
.195
.293
003
, 008
140
515
195
, 234
kpH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Magnesium Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of magnesium
formed
*Chromium
*Zinc
*Ammonia
*Fluoride
Magnesium
*Oil and Grease
*TSS
*pH Within the range
229
.093
632
. 260
500
36.300
900
16.400
042
190
6.190
290
7.430
. 5 to
10.0 at all times
1930
-------
Table XI-4
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with emulsions
Cadmium
.034
.014
*Chromium
. 063
.026
Copper
.218
.104
Lead
.048
.022
*Nickel
.094
.063
Zinc
.174
.071
*Fluoride
10.100
4.490
*Oil and Grease
1.700
1.700
*TSS
2.550
2.040
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
1931
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
rolled with water
Cadmium
.015
.006
*Chromium
.028
.011
Copper
.097
.046
Lead
.021
. 010
*Nickel
.042
. 028
Zinc
.077
.032
*Fluoride
4.490
1.990
*Oil and Grease
.754
.754
*TSS
1.130
.905
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1932
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
drawn with emulsions
Cadmium
. 019
. 008
*Chromium
.035
. 014
Copper
.122
.058
Lead
. 027
. 012
*Nickel
.053
. 035
Zinc
.097
.040
*Fluoride
5.680
2. 520
*Oil and Grease
.954
.954
*TSS
1.430
1.150
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1933
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of i
nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Cadmium
.017
.007
*Chromium
. 031
.013
Copper
.107
.051
Lead
.023
.011
*Nickel
.046
.031
Zinc
.085
.035
*Fluoride
4.950
2.200
*0x1 and Grease
.832
.832
*TSS
1. 250
. 999
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
extruded
Cadmium
.046
.019
*Chromium
.086
.035
Copper
.297
.142
Lead
.065
.030
*Nickel
.128
.086
Zinc
. 237
.098
*Fluoride
13.800
6.130
*Oil and Grease
2.320
2.320
*TSS
3.480
2.790
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
t imes
1934
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of forged nickel-cobalt
cooled with water
Cadmium
.009
.004
*Chromium
.018
.007
Copper
.061
.029
Lead
.013
.006
*Nickel
.026
.018
Zinc
.048
.020
*Fluoride
2.820
1.250
*Oil and Grease
.474
.474
*TSS
.711
. 569
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
1935
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant
or Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant
property any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
. 0008
. 0003
*Chromium
.0015
.0006
Copper
. 0051
. 0024
Lead
.0011
.0005
*Nickel
.0022
.0015
Zinc
.0041
.0017
*Fluoride
.2380
.1060
*Oil and Grease .0400
. 0400
*TSS
.0600
. 0480
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to
10.0 at
all
times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant
or Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant
property any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
forged
Cadmium
.037
.015
*Chromium
.069
.028
Copper
.240
.114
Lead
.052
.024
*Nickel
.103
.069
Zinc
.191
.079
*Fluoride
11.100
4.940
*Oil and Grease 1.870
1.870
*TSS
2.810
2.250
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to
10.0 at
all
times
1936
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Max
any
imum ror
one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of nickel-cobalt
metal powder atomized
Cadmium
.524
.210
*Chromium
.970
.393
Copper
3.360
1.600
Lead
.734
.341
*Nickel
1.440
.970
Zinc
2.670
1.100
*Fluoride
156.000
69.200
*Oil and Grease
26.200
26.200
*TSS
39.300
31.500
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
cast with stationary casting methods
Cadmium
.242
.097
*Chromium
.448
.182
Copper
1.550
.738
Lead
.339
.158
*Nickel
.666
.448
Zinc
1.240
.508
*Fluoride
72.000
32.000
*Oil and Grease
12.100
12.100
*TSS
18.200
14.500
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1937
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of i
nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
.187
.075
*Chromium
.346
.140
Copper
1.200
. 571
Lead
. 262
.122
*Nickel
.514
.346
Zinc
.954
.393
*Fluoride
55.700
24.700
*Oil and Grease
9.350
9.350
*TSS
14.000
11.200
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1938
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg(lb/million off-lbs)of nickel-cobalt
surface treated
Cadmium
.472
.189
*Chromium
.873
.354
Copper
3.020
1.440
Lead
.661
.307
*Nickel
1.300
.873
Zinc
2.410
.991
*Fluoride
141.000
62.300
*Oil and Grease
23.600
23.600
*TSS
35.400
28.300
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Ammonia Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
treated with ammonia solution
Cadmium
.003
.001
*Chromium
.005
.002
Copper
.019
.009
Lead
.004
.002
*Nickel
.008
.005
Zinc
.015
.006
*Fluoride
.881
.391
*Oil and Grease
.148
.148
*TSS
.222
.178
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
1939
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
.007
.003
*Chromium
.013
.005
Copper
.043
.021
Lead
.009
.004
*Nickel
. 019
.013
Zinc
.035
.014
*Fluoride
2.020
.895
*Oil and Grease
. 339
. 339
*TSS
. 509
. 407
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
.047
.019
*Chromium
.086
.035
Copper
.298
.142
Lead
.065
.030
*Nickel
.128
.086
Zinc
. 238
.098
*Fluoride
13.900
6.150
*Oil and Grease
2.330
2.330
*TSS
3. 500
2.800
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1940
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of
nickel-cobalt
treated with molten salt
Cadmium
.169
.068
*Chromium
.312
.127
Copper
1.080
. 515
Lead
.237
. 110
*Nickel
.464
. 312
Zinc
.861
. 355
*Fluoride
50.200
22.300
*Oil and Grease
8.440
8.440
*TSS
12.700
10 .100
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
sawed or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
.008
. 003
*Chromium
.015
.006
Copper
.051
.024
Lead
.011
.005
*Nickel
.022
. 015
Zinc
.040
.017
*Fluoride
2. 350
1.040
*Oil and Grease
. 394
. 394
*TSS
.591
. 473
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
1941
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Cadmium
.036
.015
*Chromium
.067
.027
Copper
. 232
.111
Lead
.051
.024
*Nickel
.100
.067
Zinc
.185
.076
*Fluoride
10.800
4.780
*Oil and Grease
1.810
1.810
*TSS
2.720
2.170
*pH Within
the range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Steam Cleaning Condensate
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for Maximum
any one day monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
steam cleaned
Cadmium
.006
.002
*Chromium
.011
.005
Coppe r
.039
. 018
Lead
.008
. 004
*Nickel
.017
. 011
Zinc
.031
.013
*Fluoride
1.790
.795
*Oil and Grease
. 301
.301
*TSS
.452
.361
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1942
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing Wastewater
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
tested with dye penetrant methods
Cadmium
.043
.017
*Chromium
.079
.032
Copper
.273
.130
Lead
.060
.028
*Nickel
.117
.079
Zinc
.217
.090
~Fluoride
12.700
5.630
*Oil and Grease
2.130
2.130
*TSS
3.200
2.560
*pH Within
the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
1943
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
.049
.020
*Chromium
.091
. 037
Copper
.315
.150
Lead
.069
.032
*Nickel
.136
.091
Zinc
.251
.104
*Fluoride
14.700
6.500
*Oil and Grease
2.460
2. 460
*TSS
3.690
2.950
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1944
-------
Table XI-4 (Continued)
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of
nickel-cobalt
formed
Cadmium
.162
.065
*Chromium
.300
.122
Copper
1.040
. 494
Lead
.227
.106
*Nickel
.446
.300
Zinc
.826
.340
*Fluoride
48.200
21.400
*Oil and Grease
8.100
8.100
*TSS
12.200
9.720
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Nickel-Cobalt Forming
Electrocoating Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt
electrocoated
Cadmium
.674
.270
*Chromium
1.250
.506
Copper
4.320
2.060
Lead
.944
.438
*Nickel
1.860
1.250
Zinc
3.440
1.420
*Fluoride
201.000
89.000
*Oil and Grease
33.700
33.700
*TSS
50.600
40.500
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
1945
-------
Table XI-5
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum for
pollutant
property
any
one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-
lbs) of precious metals
rolled, with emulsions
*Cadmium
.026
.012
Chromium
.034
.014
*Copper
.147
.077
*Cyanide
.022
.009
*Lead
.032
.015
Nickel
.148
.098
*Silver
.032
.013
Zinc
.113
.047
*Oil and <
Grease
1.540
.925
*TSS
3.160
1.510
*pH
Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1946
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with emulsions
*Cadmium
.016
.007
Chromium
.021
.009
*Copper
.090
.048
*Cyanide
.014
.006
*Lead
. 020
.010
Nickel
.091
.060
*Silver
.020
.008
Zinc
.069
.029
*Oil and Grease
.950
. 570
*TSS
1.950
.926
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Soap Solutions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
drawn with soap solutions
*Cadmium
.0011
. 0005
Chromium
.0014
.0006
*Copper
.0059
.0031
*Cyanide
.0009
.0004
*Lead
.0013
.0006
Nickel
.0060
.0040
*Silver
. 0013
.0005
Zinc
.0046
.0019
*Oil and Grease
.0624
.0375
*TSS
.1280
.0609
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1947
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
powder wet atomized
*Cadmium
2.270
1.000
Chromium
2.940
1.200
*Copper
12.700
6.680
*Cyanide
1.940
.802
*Lead
' 2.810
1.340
Nickel
12.800
8.490
*Silver
2.740
1.140
Zinc
9.750
4.080
*Oil and Grease
134.000
80.200
*TSS
274.000
130.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
cast by the direct chill method
*Cadmium
.367
.162
Chromium
.475
. 195
*Copper
2.050
1.080
*Cyanide
.313
.130
*Lead
.454
. 216
Nickel
2.080
1.370
*Silver
.443
.184
Zinc
1.580
.659
*Oil and Grease
21.600
13.000
*TSS
44.300
21.100
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1948
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million off-lbs) of precious
metals
shot cast
*Cadmium
.125
.055
Chromium
.162
.066
*Copper
.698
.367
*Cyanide
. 107
.044
*Lead
.154
.073
Nickel
.705
.466
~Silver
.151
.062
Zinc
. 536
.224
*Oil and Grease 7.340
4.410
*TSS
15.100
7.160
*pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1949
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by the semi-continuous or continuous method
*Cadmium
. 350
.155
Chromium
.453
.186
*Copper
1.960
1.030
*Cyanide
.299
.124
*Lead
.433
.206
Nickel
1.980
1.310
*Silver
.423
. 175
Zinc
1. 510
.629
*Oil and Grease
20.600
12.400
*TSS
42.300
20.100
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of extruded precious
metals heat treated
*Cadmium
.142
. 063
Chromium
.184
.075
*Copper
.793
.417
*Cyanide
.121
.050
*Lead
.175
.083
Nickel
.801
. 530
*Silver
.171
.071
Zinc
.609
.255
*Oil and Grease
8. 340
5.010
*TSS
17 .100
8.130
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1950
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
*Cadmium
.033
.015
Chromium
.042
.017
*Copper
.183
.096
*Cyanide
.028
.012
*Lead
.041
.019
Nickel
.185
.123
*Silver
.040
.016
Zinc
.141
.059
*Oil and Grease
1.930
1.160
*TSS
3.950
1.880
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
Cadmium
.210
.092
Chromium
. 271
.111
Copper
1.170
.616
Cyanide
.179
.074
Lead
.259
.123
Nickel
1.180
.783
Silver
.253
.105
Zinc
.900
.376
Oil and Grease
12.300
7.390
TSS
25.300
12.000
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1951
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
. 020
.009
Chromium
.026
.011
*Copper
.114
.060
*Cyanide
.017
.007
*Lead
.025
.012
Nickel
.115
.076
*Silver
.025
.010
Zinc
.088
.037
*Oil and Grease
1. 200
.720
*TSS
2.460
1.170
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
*Cadmium
.381
.168
Chromium
. 493
.202
*Copper
2.130
1.120
*Cyanide
.325
.135
*Lead
.471
.224
Nickel
2.150
1.420
*Silver
.459
.191
Zinc
1.640
.683
*Oil and Grease
22.400
13.500
*TSS
45.900
21.900
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1952
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off
-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal cleaned prior
to bonding
*Cadmium
. 395
.174
Chromium
. 511
. 209
*Copper
2.210
1.160
*Cyanide
. 337
.139
*Lead
.487
. 232
Nickel
2 . 230
1.480
*Silver
.476
.197
Zinc
1.700
.708
*Oil and Grease
23.200
13.900
*TSS
47.600
22.600
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals
tumbled or burnished
*Cadmium
.412
.182
Chromium
. 533
. 218
*Copper
2.300
1.210
*Cyanide
. 351
.145
*Lead
. 508
.242
Nickel
2.330
1. 540
*Silver
.496
. 206
Zinc
1.770
.738
*Oil and Grease
24.200
14.500
*TSS
49 .600
23.600
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1953
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant
or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant
property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg
(lb/million
off-lbs) of precious metals
sawed or
ground with
emulsions
*Cadmium
.032
. 014
Chromium
.041
.017
*Copper
.178
. C93
*Cyanide
.027
.011
*Lead
.039
.019
Nickel
.180
.119
*Silver
.038
.016
Zinc
.137
.057
*Oil and
Grease
1.870
1.120
*TSS
3.830
1.820
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1954
-------
Table XI-5 (Continued)
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals and
base metal pressure bonded
*Cadmium
.028
.013
Chromium
.037
.015
*Copper
.159
.084
*Cyanide
.024
.010
*Lead
.035
. 017
Nickel
.161
.106
*Silver
.034
.014
Zinc
.122
.051
*Oil and Grease
1.670
1.000
*TSS
3.430
1.630
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Precious Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Blowdown
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1955
-------
Table XI-6
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite-Based Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Rolling Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum
monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of
refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Chromium
.159
.064
*Copper
. 549
.262
Lead
.120
.056
*Nickel
.236
.159
Silver
.125
.052
Zinc
.438
.180
Columbium
.052
*Fluoride
25.500
11.300
*Molybdenum
2.160
.957
Tantalum
.193
Vanadium
.043
Tungsten
1.490
.665
*Oil and Grease
4.290
4.290
*TSS
6.440
5 .150
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Drawing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1956
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Chromium
.441
.179
*Copper
1.530
.726
Lead
.333
.155
*Nickel
.655
.441
Silver
.345
.143
Zinc
1.220
.500
Columbium
.143
*Fluoride
70.800
31.400
*Molybdenum
5.990
2.660
Tantalum
.536
Vanadium
.119
Tungsten
4.140
1.850
*Oil and Grease
11.900
11.900
*TSS
17.900
14.300
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1957
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
N3PS
Refractory Metals Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
005
020
004
012
004
014
853
072
.050
.323
.388
cpH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
Chromium
.012
*Copper
.041
Lead
.009
*Nickel
.018
Silver
.009
Zinc
.033
Columbium
.004
*Fluoride
1.920
*Molybdenum
.163
Tantalum
.015
Vanadium
.003
Tungsten
.113
*Oil and Grease
.323
*TSS
.485
1958
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for Maximum
any one day monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of refractory metals
powder produced
Chromium
.104
.042
*Copper
.360
.172
Lead
.079
.037
*Nickel
.155
.104
Silver
.082
.034
Zinc
. 287
.118
Columbium
.034
*Fluoride
16.700
7.420
*Molybdenum
1.420
.627
Tantalum
.127
Vanadium
. 028
Tungsten
.978
.436
*Oil and Grease
2.810
2.810
*TSS
4.220
3.370
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Water
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1959
-------
Table Xl-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
.144
.058
Copper
.498
. 237
Lead
.109
.051
Nickel
. 214
.144
Silver
.113
. 047
Zinc
.397
.164
Columbium
.047
Fluoride
23.200
10.300
Molybdenum
1.960
.868
Tantalum
.175
Vanadium
.039
Tungsten
1.360
.603
Oil and Grease
3.890
3.890
TSS
5.840
4.670
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1960
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Chromium
4.480
1.820
*Copper
15.500
7.380
Lead
3.390
1. 580
*Nickel
6.660
4. 480
Silver
3 .510
1.450
Zinc
12.400
5. 080
Columbium
1. 450
*Fluoride
720.000
320.000
*Molybdenum
60.900
27.000
Tantalum
5.450
Vanadium
1. 210
Tungsten
42.100
18.800
*Oil and Grease
121.000
121.000
*TSS
182.000
145.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
1961
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
.124
.050
*Copper
. 428
.204
Lead
.094
.043
*Nickel
.184
.124
Silver
.097
.040
Zinc
.341
.140
Columbium
.040
*Fluoride
19.900
8.820
*Molybdenum
1.680
.745
Tantalum
.151
Vanadium
.033
Tungsten
1.160
.518
*Oil and Grease
3.340
3.340
*TSS
5.010
4.010
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1962
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
3.020
1. 230
*Copper
10.500
4.980
Lead
2.290
1. 060
*Nickel
4.490
3.020
Silver
2.370
.979
Zinc
8.330
3.430
Columbium
.979
*Fluoride
486 .000
216.000
*Molybdenum
41.100
18.200
Tantalum
3. 670
Vanadium
.816
Tungsten
28.400
12.700
*Oil and Grease
81.600
81.600
*TSS
123.000
97.900
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
1963
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Max
any
imum for Maximum
one day monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Chromium
.234
.095
*Copper
.810
.386
Lead
.177
.082
*Nickel
.348
.234
Silver
.184
.076
Zinc
.646
.266
Columbium
.076
*Fluor ide
37 .700
16.700
^Molybdenum
3.190
1.410
Tantalum
.285
Vanadium
.063
Tungsten
2.200
.981
*Oil and Grease
6.330
6.330
*TSS
9.500
7.600
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1964
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished
Chromium
. 463
.188
*Copper
1.600
.763
Lead
.350
.163
*Nickel
.688
.463
Silver
. 363
.150
Zinc
1. 280
. 525
Columbium
.150
*Fluor ide
74.400
33.000
*Molybdenum
6. 290
2.790
Tantalum
. 563
Vanadium
.125
Tungsten
4.350
1.940
*Oil and Grease
12.500
12.500
*TSS
18.800
15.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1965
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for Maximum
any one day monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with
emulsions
Chromium
.110
.045
*Copper
.380
.181
Lead
.083
.039
*Nickel
.164
.110
Silver
.086
.036
Zinc
.303
.125
Columbium
.036
*Fluoride
17.700
7.840
^Molybdenum
1.500
. 663
Tantalum
.134
Vanadium
.030
Tungsten
1.040
.461
*Oil and Grease
2.970
2.970
*TSS
4.460
3.570
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1966
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for Maximum
any one day monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of refractory metals
sawed or ground with
contact cooling water
Chromium
.899
. 365
*Copper
3.110
1.480
Lead
.681
. 316
*Nickel
1.340
.899
Silver
.705
. 292
Zinc
2.480
1.020
Columbium
.292
*Fluoride
145.000
64.200
*Molybdenum
12.200
5.420
Tantalum
1.100
Vanadium
.243
Tungsten
8.460
3.770
*Oil and Grease
24.300
24.300
*TSS
36.500
29.200
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1967
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Chromium
.005
.002
*Copper
.017
.008
Lead
. 004
.002
*Nickel
.007
.005
Silver
.004
.002
Zinc
.014
.006
Columbium
.002
*Fluor ide
.803
. 357
^Molybdenum
.068
.030
Tantalum
.006
Vanadium
.001
Tungsten
.047
.021
*Oil and Grease
.135
.135
*TSS
.203
.162
*pH Within the range of
7.5 to 10.0 at all
times
1968
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for Maximum
any one day monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant
methods
Chromium
.029
.012
*Copper
.099
.047
Lead
.022
.010
*Nickel
.043
.029
Silver
.023
.009
Zinc
.079
.033
Columbium
.009
*Fluoride
4.620
2.050
*Molybdenum
. 391
.173
Tantalum
.035
Vanadium
.008
Tungsten
.270
.120
*Oil and Grease
.776
.776
*TSS
1.170
.931
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1969
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
.050
.020
*Copper
.174
.083
Lead
.038
.018
*Nickel
.075
.050
Silver
.040
.016
Zinc
.139
.057
Columbium
.016
*Fluoride
8.090
3.590
*Molybdenum
.684
.303
Tantalum
.061
Vanadium
.014
Tungsten
.473
.211
*Oil and Grease
1.360
1.360
*TSS
2.040
1.630
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1970
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming,
Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
.128
.052
*Copper
.442
. 211
Lead
.097
.045
*Nickel
.190
.128
Silver
.100
. 041
Zinc
.352
.145
Columbium
.041
*Fluoride
20.500
9.110
*Molybdenum
1.740
.770
Tantalum
.155
Vanadium
.035
Tungsten
1.200
.535
*Oil and Grease
3.450
3.450
*TSS
5.180
4.140
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1971
-------
Table XI-6 (Continued)
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Refractory Metals Forming
Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any
one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-
lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Chromium
. 291
.118
*Copper
1.010
. 480
Lead
.221
.103
*Nickel
. 433
. 291
Silver
. 228
.095
Zinc
.803
.331
Columbium
.095
*Fluoride
46.800
20 .800
*Molybdenum
3.960
1.760
Tantalum
. 354
Vanadium
.079
Tungsten
2.740
1.220
*Oil and Grease
7.870
7.870
*TSS
11.800
9.450
*pH Within the
range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1972
-------
Table XI-7
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Rolling Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Rolling Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for
pollutant property any one day
Maximum
monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of
titanium
rolled with contact cooling
water
Chromium
. 215
.088
Copper
.927
.488
*Cyanide
.142
.059
*Lead
.205
.098
Nickel
.937
.620
*Zinc
.713
.298
*Ammonia
65.100
28.600
*Fluoride
29.100
12.900
Titanium
.459
. 200
*Oil and Grease
9.760
5.860
*TSS
20.000
9.520
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Drawing Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1973
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded with emulsions
Chromium
.032
.013
Copper
.137
. 072
*Cyanide
.021
.009
*Lead
.030
.014
Nickel
.138
.091
*Zinc
.105
.044
*Ammonia
9.590
4.220
*Fluoride
4.280
1.900
Titanium
.068
.030
*Oil and Grease
1.440
.863
*TSS
2.950
1.400
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1974
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
extruded
Chromium
.078
.032
Copper
.338
.178
*Cyanide
.052
.021
*Lead
.075
.036
Nickel
.342
.226
*Zinc
.260
.109
*Ammonia
23.700
10.500
*Fluoride
10.600
4.700
Titanium
.168
.073
*Oil and Grease
3.560
2.140
*TSS
7.300
3.470
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Forging Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
1975
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Forging Contact Cooling Water
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of forged titanium
cooled with water
Chromium .044 .018
Copper .190 .100
*Cyanide .029 .012
*Lead .042 .020
Nickel .192 .127
*Zinc .146 .061
*Ammonia 13.300 5.860
*Fluoride 5.950 2.640
Titanium .094 .041
*Oil and Grease 2.000 1.200
*TSS 4.100 1.950
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1976
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
.018
.007
Copper
. 076
.040
*Cyanide
.012
.005
*Lead
. 017
.008
Nickel
.077
.051
*Zinc
.058
.024
*Ammonia
5.330
2.350
*Fluoride
2.380
1.060
Titanium
.038
.016
*Oil and Grease
.800
.480
*TSS
1.640
.780
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
1977
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
forged
Chromium
.445
.182
Copper
1.920
1.010
*Cyanide
.293
.121
*Lead
.424
. 202
Nickel
1.940
1.280
*Zinc
1.480
.616
*Ammonia
135.000
59.200
*Fluoride
60.100
26.700
Titanium
.950
. 414
*Oil and Grease
20.200
12.100
*TSS
41.400
19.700
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
1978
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Spent Baths
Pollutant or
Maximum for
Maximum
for
pollutant property
any one day
monthly
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of
titanium
surface treated
Chromium
.092
. 038
Copper
.395
. 208
*Cyanide
.060
. 025
*Lead
.087
. 042
Nickel
.400
. 264
*Zinc
.304
. 127
*Ammonia
27.700
12.200
*Fluoride
12.400
5.490
Titanium
.196
. 085
*Oil and Grease
4.160
2.500
*TSS
8.530
4.060
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Surface Treatment Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
surface treated
Chromium
1.290
. 526
Copper
5. 550
2.920
*Cyanide
.847
. 351
*Lead
1.230
. 584
Nickel
5.610
3.710
*Zinc
4.270
1.780
*Ammonia
389.000
171.000
*Fluoride
174.000
77.100
Titanium
2.750
1. 200
*Oil and Grease
58.400
35.100
*TSS
120.000
57.000
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
1979
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
.106
.043
Copper
.456
.240
*Cyanide
.070
.029
*Lead
.101
.048
Nickel
.461
.305
*Zinc
.351
.147
*Ammonia
32.000
14.100
*Fluoride
14.300
6.340
Titanium
. 226
.098
*Oil and Grease
4.800
2.880
*TSS
9.840
4.680
*pH Within
the range of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for
pollutant property any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-
lbs) of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
.122
.050
Copper
.525
. 276
*Cyanide
.080
.033
*Lead
.116
.055
Nickel
.530
. 351
*Zinc
.403
.169
*Ammonia
36.800
16.200
*Fluoride
16.400
7.290
Titanium
. 260
.113
*Oil and Grease
5. 520
3.310
*TSS
11.300
5.380
*pH Within the range
of 7.5 to
10.0 at all times
1980
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Molten Salt Rinse
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
treated with molten salt
Chromium
.420
.172
Copper
1.820
.955
*Cyanide
. 277
.115
*Lead
. 401
. 191
Nickel
1.840
1. 210
*Zinc
1.400
.583
*Ammonia
128.000
56.000
*Fluoride
56.800
25.200
Titanium
.898
.392
*Oil and Grease
19.100
11.500
*TSS
39.200
18.600
*pH Within the
range of 7.5 to 10.0
at all times
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Tumbling Wastewater
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium
tumbled
Chromium
.035
.014
Copper
.150
.079
*Cyanide
.023
.009
*Lead
.033
.016
Nickel
.152
. 101
*Zinc
.116
.048
*Ammonia
10.600
4.630
*Fluoride
4.700
2.090
Titanium
.074
.032
*Oil and Grease
1.580
. 948
*TSS
3.240
1.540
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1981
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum
monthly
for
average
mg/off-kg (lb/million
off-lbs) of
titanium
sawed or ground with
emulsions
Chromium
.081
.033
Copper
.348
.183
*Cyanide
.053
.022
*Lead
.077
.037
Nickel
.352
.233
*Zinc
.267
.112
*Ammonia
24.400
10.700
*Fluoride
10.900
4.830
Titanium
.172
.075
*Oil and Grease
3.660
2.200
*TSS
7.510
3.570
*pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
1982
-------
Table XI-7 (Continued)
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
NSPS
Titanium Forming
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water