PROTECTION
AGENCY
EPA-600/2-82-001e
January 1983 DALLAS, TEXAS
Change 2
LIBRARY
TREATABILITY MANUAL
VOLUME V. Summary
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
September 1981
(Revised 8/31/82)
(Revised 1/24/83)
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PREFACE
In January, 1979, USEPA's Office of Enforcement and Office of Water
and Waste Management requested help from the Office of Research
and Development in compiling wastewater treatment performance
data into a "Treatability Manual."
A planning group was set up to manage this activity under the
chairmanship of William Cawley, Deputy Director, Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati. The group in-
cludes participants from: 1) the Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory - Cincinnati; 2) Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion; 3) Office of Water Enforcement and Permits; 4) Municipal
Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati; 5) R.S. Kerr,
Environmental Research Laboratory - Ada; 6 Industrial Environ-
mental Research Laboratory - Research Triangle Park; 7) WAPORA,
Incorporated; and 8) Burke-Hennessy Associates, Incorporated.
The objectives of this program are :
to provide readily accessible data and information on
treatability of industrial waste streams;
to provide a basis for research planning by identifying
gaps in knowledge of the treatability of certain pollut-
ants and waste streams.
The primary output from this program is a five volume Treatabil-
ity Manual. This was first published in June 1980, with revisions
made in September 1981 and August 1982. This publication re-
places Volume I in its entirety, and updates Volumes II, III,
IV, and V. The individual volumes are named as follows:
Volume I
Volume II
Volume III -
Volume IV -
Volume V
Treatability Data
Industrial Descriptions
Technologies
Cost Estimating (In the process of re-
vision for later publication)
Summary
11
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The development of this revision to the Treatability Manual has
resulted from efforts of a large number of people. It is the
collection of contributions from throughout the Environmental
Protection Agency, particularly from the Office of Water Enforce-
ment, Office of Water and Waste Management, and the Office of
Research and Development. Equally important to its success were
the efforts of the employees of WAPORA, Inc., and Burke-Hennessy
Associates, Inc., who participated in this operation.
A list of names of contributors would not adequately acknowledge
the effort expended in the development of the manual. This
document exists because of the major contributions of numerous
individuals within EPA and the EPA contractors, including:
Effluent Guidelines Division
Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Office of
Water
Permits Division
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, Office of
Water
National Enforcement Investigation Center
Office of Enforcement
Office of Research and Development
Center for Environmental Research Information
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH
As Committee Chairman, I would like to express my sincere appre-
ciation to the Committee Members and others who contributed to
the success of this effort.
William A. Cawley, Deputy Director,
lERL-Ci
Chairman, Treatability Coordination
Committee
Date: 1/24/83 iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
LIST OF PAGES vii
V. 1 Introduction V. 1-1
V.I.I Objectives V.l-1
V.I.2 Data Sources V.l-2
V.2 Executive Summaries of Volumes I through IV V.2-1
V.2.1 Volume I - Treatability Data V.2-1
V.2.2 Volume II - Industrial Descriptions V.2-2
V.2.3 Volume III - Technologies for Control/Removal
of Pollutants V.2-2
V.2.4 Deleted
V.3 Deleted
V.4 Deleted
V. 5 References .» V. 5-1
V.6 Master Bibliography/Document Access Key V.6-1
Volume I Cross Reference V.6-86
Volume II Cross Reference V.6-87
Volume III Cross Reference V.6-88
Reserved for Volume IV Cross Reference V.6-89
Volume V Cross Reference V.6-90
V.7 Methods for Sampling, Analysis, and Statistical
Interpretation of Data V.7-1
V.7.1 Introduction V.7-1
V.7.2 Sampling, Analytic, and Statistical Protocols.... V.7-2
V.7. 3 Industrial Data Analyses V.7-
Appendices
A. Number of Source/Treatment Technology Data Sets V.A-1
B. Deleted
C. Deleted
D. Deleted
Glossary Deleted
Date; 1/24/83 R Change 2
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V.I INTRODUCTION
*
The Treatability Manual presents in five volumes a survey of the
effectiveness of various water pollution treatment processes when
applied to particular industrial effluents.
V.I.I OBJECTIVES
The Treatability Manual is designed to be used to:
« Evaluate the potential effectiveness and costs of pro-
posed effluent treatment systems,
Determine the potential cost and feasibility of com-
pliance with discharge limitations under consideration,
and
Develop the wastewater pollution control and monitoring
strategies to be employed at specific sites.
This Manual is not intended to:
Specify the final effluent concentrations to be required
for industrial processes,
Address "in process" controls,
Describe wastewater recycling or reuse systems (although
their existence is mentioned in Volume II, when such in-
formation was provided in the literature),
Contain an exhaustive study of pollution removal effi-
ciencies or the reliability and applicability of control
equipment,
Define methods or costs for the disposal of by-products
of water pollution control, such as solid waste or air
pollution, or
Characterize the suitability of wastewater pollution
control equipment and auxiliary processes for meeting air
pollution regulations and RCRA regulations.
*
Volume IV has been withdrawn for revisions, and will be published
when these are completed.
Date: 9/25/81 V.l-1
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Nevertheless, this Manual does provide background information on
some of these issues. This, along with other data, may be useful
when calculating "best engineering judgment" limits for second-
round permits which reflect Best Available Technology for toxic
pollutants.
V.I.2 DATA SOURCES
The bibliography in Section V.6 includes all references used in
Volumes I through III of the Manual. (Part D is reserved for
references used in the revision to Volume IV). All of these
references are available in a central file located at:
Library, Andrew W. Briedenbach Environmental Research Center
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West St. Clair Street
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
To avoid potentially repetitious literature searches, all other
sources examined during this study not containing data considered
relevant to this effort are listed in the bibliography.
Date: 9/25/81 V.l-2
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V.2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES OF VOLUMES I THROUGH IV
V.2.1 VOLUME I - TREATABILITY DATA
Volume I is a compendium of treatability data for specific pollut-
ants. Information is provided on the compounds listed in the
Consolidated Permit Application Form 2C (NPDES) Section V, Part C
(EPA Form 3510-2C). Information also is provided on other hazard-
ous materials. The pollutants covered have been organized into
the following chemical categories:
Metals and inorganics
Ethers
Phthalates
Nitrogen compounds
Phenols
Aromatics
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
PCB's and related compounds
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Pesticides
Oxygenated compounds
Miscellaneous
The following.information is provided for each pollutant:
Alternate names of the chemical;
Chemical Abstracts Number;
Physical, chemical, and biological properties, including:
molecular weight, melting point, boiling point, vapor
pressure, solubility in water at 20°C, log octanol/water
partition coefficient (relevant to bioaccumulation),
Henry's Law constant (reflecting ease of "stripping"),
and biodegradability data;
Probable fate of the compound in the aqueous environment.
Removal processes considered include photolysis, oxida-
tion, hydrolysis, volatilization, sorption and biological
processes;
Data on the effectiveness of activated carbon to control
the material, for organics;
Data on the precipitation and coagulation properties of
metals;
Date: 9/25/81 V.2-1
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Industrial occurrence of the material. Minimum, maximum,
and mean concentrations are reported for both untreated
and treated wastewater for each industrial category in
which the substance has been detected;
Removal efficiencies and median effluent concentrations
for specific control technologies; and
Water quality criteria for the pollutant.
V.2.2 VOLUME II - INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTIONS
Volume II contains a general description of each of the "primary
industries" named in the "NRDC Consent Agreement" (Natural Re-
sources Defense Council versus Russell E. Train, 8 ERG 2120
[D.D.C. 1976] amended on March 1979) and their major subcate-
gories. It also includes:
Subcategory-wide or industry-wide tables covering,
the number of dischargers,
the types of pollution control systems in use,
the range of effluent flow rates and pollutant
concentrations in controlled and uncontrolled
waste streams, and
the efficiency of control systems, when available;
Summary tables on BPT effluent guidelines and the status
of BAT guidelines, New Source Performance Standards, and
Pretreatment standards; and
Tabulated information on individual plants specifying
industrial subcategory, control systems (including oper-
ating characteristics when available), effluent concen-
trations, and influent concentrations when available.
If recycling, reuse, or subsurface injection of wastewater is
practiced at a plant, this is noted in the plant-specific table;
however, no details are included.
V.2.3 VOLUME III - TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTROL/REMOVAL
OF POLLUTANTS
Volume III summarizes information on the nature and effectiveness
of various pollution control technologies. The discussions
address the following:
Description of technology;
Representative types and modifications;
Technology status;
Date: 9/25/81 V.2-2
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Applications;
Advantages and limitations;
Reliability;
Chemicals required;
Residuals generated;
Design criteria; and
Performance.
A summary table for each technology is provided showing effluent
pollutant concentrations and pollutant removability data, in-
cluding minimum, maximum, and median data, and the number of data
points used to generate this information. Data sheets summa-
rizing the results of tests at specific installations are also
included.
V.2.4 VOLUME IV - COST ESTIMATING
Volume IV is under major revision and will be available at a
later date.
Date: 9/25/81 V.2-3
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V.5 REFERENCES
5-1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technical support
document for auto and other laundries industry. Contract
No. 68/03/2550. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington,
B.C.; 1979. Variously paginated.
5-2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Status report on
the treatment and recycle of wastewaters from the car wash
industry (draft contractor's report). Contract 68-01-5767.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
5-3. Kleper, M.H., R.L. Goldsmith, and A.Z. Gollan. Demonstra-
tion of ultrafiltration and carbon adsorption for treat-
ment of industrial laundering wastewater. EPA-600/2-78/
177. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Washington, D.C.; 1978. 109 pp.
5-4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the coal mining point source category. EPA
440/l-81/057b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management; 1981. 429 pp. plus
appendices.
5-5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for inorganic chemicals manufacturing point
source category - BATEA, NSPS, and pretreatment standards.
EPA-440/1-79/007. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Hazardous Materia.ls, Washington,
D.C.; 1979. 934 pp.
5-6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the iron and steel manufacturing point
source category; general. EPA-440/l-80/024b. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 456 pp.
5-7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for effluent limitations guidelines and new source
performance standards for the leather tanning and finish-
ing point source category. EPA-440/l-74/016a. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Air and Water
Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1974. 158 pp.
Date: 12/1/82 R Change 2 V.5-1
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5-8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the leather tanning and finishing point
source category. EPA-440/1-79/016. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1979. 381 pp.
5-9. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the aluminum forming point source category. EPA-440/1-
80/073a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1980. 604 pp.
5-10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the battery manufacturing point source category. EPA
440/l-80/067a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1980. 823 pp.
5-11. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the coil coating point source category.
EPA-440/l-81/071b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1981. 481 pp.
5-12. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the electrical and electronic components point source
category. EPA-440/l-80/075a. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
5-13. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the foundries (metal molding and casting) point source
category. EPA-440/l-80/070a. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. 860 pp.
5-14. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the metal finishing point source category. EPA-440/
l-80/091a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1980. Variously paginated.
Date: 12/1/82 R Change 2 V.5-2
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5-15. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the photographic equipment and supplies segment of the
photographic point source category. EPA-440/l-80/077a.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously
paginated.
5-16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the porcelain enameling point source cate-
gory. EPA-440/l-81/072b. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1981. 515 pp.
5-17. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development
document for proposed effluent limitations guidelines, new
source performance standards and,pretreatment standards
for the explosives manufacturing point source category;
subcategory E, formulation and packaging of blasting
agents, dynamite, and pyrotechnics. Performed by Hydro-
science for the Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
Variously paginated.
5-18. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for interim final effluent limitations guidelines and
proposed new source performance standards for the explo-
sives manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/1-76/
006j. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office
of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1976.
215 pp.
5-19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technical review of
the best available technology, best demonstrated technol-
ogy, and pretreatment technology for the gum and wood
chemicals point source category. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials,
Washington, D.C; 1978. Variously paginated.
5-20. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contractor en-
gineering report for the development of effluent limita-
tions guidelines and standards for the pharmaceutical
manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/l-80/084a.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously
paginated.
Date: 12/1/82 R Change 2 V.5-3
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5-21. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines standards for
the nonferrous metals manufacturing point source category.
EPA-440/l-79/019-a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1979. 622 pp.
5-22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for BAT effluent limitations guidelines and new
source performance standards for ore mining and dressing
industry. Contract No. 6332/MI. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1979. Variously
paginated.
5-23. Coco, J.H., E. Klein, D. Rowland, J.H. Mayes, W.A. Myers,
E. Patz, C.J. Romero, and F.H. Yocum. Development of
treatment and control technology for refractory petro-
chemical wastes (draft report). EPA-600/2-79/080, Pre-
pared for RSKERL, Office of Research and Development,
Ada, OK. 220 pp.
5-24. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Extraction of
chemical pollutants from industrial wastewaters with
volatile solvents. EPA-600/2-76/220. Prepared for RSKERL,
Office of Research and Development, Ada, OK; 1976. 510
pp.
5-25. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft engineering
report for development of effluent limitations guidelines
for the ink manufacturing industry (BATEA, NSPS, Pretreat-
ment). Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office
of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
Variously paginated.
5-26. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft engineering
report for development of effluent limitations guidelines
for the paint manufacturing industry (BATEA, NSPS, Pre-
treatment). Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.;
1979. Variously paginated.
5-27. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for proposed effluent limitations guidelines, new
source performance standards, and pretreatment standards
for the petroleum refining point source category. EPA
440/l-79/014b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.,
December 1979. 366 pp.
5-28. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for effluent limitations guidelines and new source
performance standards for the petroleum refining point
Date: 12/1/82 R Change 2 V.5-4
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source category. EPA-440/l-74/014a. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Air and Water Programs,
Washington, D.C., 1974. 195 pp.
5-29. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the pulp, paper and paperboard and the
builders paper and board mills point source categories.
EPA-440/l-80/025b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1980. 632 pp.
5-30. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Review of the best
available technology for the rubber processing point
source category. Contract No. 68-01-4673. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazard-
ous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1978. Variously pagi-
nated.
5-31. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the steam electric point source category.
EPA-440/l-80/029b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington
D.C.; 1980. 597 pp.
5-32. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the textile mills point source category.
EPA-440/l-79/022b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1979. 678 pp.
5-33. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the timber products processing point source
category. EPA-440/l-79/023b. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1979. 427 pp.
5-34. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Fate of priority
pollutants in publicly owned treatment works pilot study.
EPA-440/1-79/300. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington,
D.C.; 1979. 33 pp.
5-35. Clement Associates, Inc. Analytical methods development,
Section 2.4.2.4, working paper for draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the organic chemicals manufacturing and plastic and
synthetic materials point source categories. Prepared for
Organic Chemical Branch, Effluent Guidelines Division,
1981.
Date: 12/1/82 R Change 2 V.5-5
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5-36. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Sampling and analysis
procedures for screening of industrial effluents for
priority pollutants. Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH; April, 1977. 69 pp.
5-37. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Analytical methods
for the verification phase of the BAT review. Effluent
Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; June 1977.
5-38. American Public Health Association, et al. Standard
methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 14th
edition; 1975.
5-39. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methods for chem-
ical analysis of water and wastes. EPA-600/4-79/020.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati,
OH; 1979.
5-40. Holtzclaw, P.W., and M.D. Neptune. Approach to quality
assurance/quality control in the organic chemicals industry
monitoring program. Presented in Journal of Environmental
Science and Heaith, Vol. A15, No. 5. pp 525-543.
5-41. McNulty, K.J., R.L. Goldsmith, A. Gollan, S. Hossain, and
D. Grant. Reverse osmosis field test: treatment of
copper cyanide rinse waters. EPA-600/2-77/107. Prepared
for IERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
OH; 1977. 89 pp.
5-42. Brandon, C.A., and J.J. Porter. Hyperfiltration for reno-
vation of textile finishing plant wastewater. EPA-600/
2-76/060. Prepared for IERL, Office of Energy, Minerals
and Industry, Research Triangle Park, NC; 1976. 147 pp.
5-43. Olem, H. The rotating biological contactor for biochem-
ical ferrous iron oxidation in the treatment of coal mine
drainage. No. W77-05337, Penn State University. Prepared
for U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Water Research
and Technology. 1975.
5-44. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for effluent limitations guidelines for the pesticide
chemicals manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/
l-78/060e. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.;
1978. 316 pp.
5-45. Kleper, M.H., R.L. Goldsmith, T.V. Tran, D.H. Steiner, J.
Pecevich, and M.A. Sakillaris. Treatment of wastewaters
from adhesives and sealants manufacturing by ultrafil-
tration. EPA-600/2-78/176. Prepared for IERL, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1978. 120 pp.
Date: 12/1/82 R Change 2 V.5-6
-------
5-46. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Selected biodegra-
dation techniques for treatment and/or ultimate disposal
of organic materials. EPA-600/2-79/006. Prepared for
IERL, Cincinnati, OH; 1973. 377 pp.
5-47. Schimmel, C., and D.B. Griffin. Treatment and disposal of
complex industrial wastes. EPA-600/2-76/123. Prepared
for IERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
OH; 1976.
5-48. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for effluent limitations guidelines and new source
performance standards for the synthetic resins segment of
the plastics and synthetic materials manufacturing point
source category. EPA-440/l-74/010a. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Air and Water Programs,
Washington, B.C.; 1974. 238 pp.
5-49. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for interim final effluent limitations guidelines and
new source performance standards for the mineral mining
and processing industry point source category. EPA"-440/
l-76/059a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.;
1976. 432 pp.
5-50. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effects of liquid
detergent plant effluent on the rotating biological con-
tactors. EPA-600/2-78/129. Prepared for IERL, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1978. 58 pp.
5-51. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Revised technical
review of the best available technology, best demonstrated
technology, and pretreatment technology for the timber
products processing point source category. 68-01-4827.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1978. Variously
paginated.
5-52. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Physical, chemical,
and biological treatment techniques for industrial wastes.
Volume I. EPA/SW-148C. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Wastes, Washington, D.C.; 1976.
Variously paginated.
5-53. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Handbook for ana-
lytical quality control in water and wastewater labora-
tories. Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, National
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH; 1972.
Variously paginated.
Date: 12/1/82 R Change 2 V.5-7
-------
5-54. JRB Associates, Inc. Organic chemicals industry priority
pollutant data: data listings, descriptive statistics, and
percent reduction. Memorandum, J.Ackermann, JRB, to C.
Norwood, JRB, June 8, 1981. Modified by USEPA Effluent
Guidelines Division (Plant codes deleted); 1981.
5-55. Wise, Hugh E., and Paul D. Fahrenthold. Occurrence and
predictability of priority pollutants in wastewaters of
the organic chemicals and plastics/synthetic fibers in-
dustrial categories. Presented in part at the 181st
American Chemical Society National Meeting, Division of
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Symposium on Treata-
bility of Industrial Aqueous Effluents, Atlanta, GA; April
1981. 40 pp.
5-56. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project recommenda-
tions for the soap and detergent manufacturing industry
(SIC 2841) BAT/toxics study. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1976. 26 pp.
5-57. Kloepfer, Robert P. Jerry R. Dias, and Billy J. Fairless.
Priority pollutant methodology quality assurance review.
Reprinted from Chemistry in Water Reuse, Volume 1, Chapter
9, edited by W.J. Cooper, Ann Arbor Science Publishers,
Inc.; 1981. pp 207-227.
5-58. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines estab-
lished test procedures for the analysis of pollutants;
proposed regulations. Federal Register, Vol. 44, No. 233,
pp. 69464-69575, as modified by Federal Register, Vol. 44,
No. 244, pp. 75028-75052; December, 1979. 135 pp.
5-59. Weishaar, Michael F. 1981. Letter, Michael F. Weishaar,
Manager of Environmental Affairs, Monsanto Chemicals
Intermediates Co., to Paul Fahrenthold, USEPA, August 5,
1981. 12 pp.
5-60. Walk, Haydel & Associates, Inc. Contractors Engineering
Report analysis of organic chemicals and plastics and
synthetic resin industries. Conventional and Nonconven-
tional Pollutant Parameters, Volume I and II. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division. Office of Water and
Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1981. Variously
Paginated.
5-61. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Closed-cycle textile
dyeing: full-scale hyperfiltration demonstration (design).
EPA-600/2-80/055. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research
and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC; 1980. 103 pp.
Date: 12/1/82 R Change 2 V.5-8
-------
5-62. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proceedings: First
national symposium/workshop on rotating biological contactor
technology. EPA-600/9-80/046a. Prepared for MERL, Office
of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980. 792 pp.
5-63. Utility Water Act Group. 1982. Utility Water Act Group
Comments on the draft revised treatability manual, 14 July
1982. Variously paginated.
Date: 12/1/82 R Change 2 V.5-9
-------
Master Bibliography/Document Access Key
The Master Bibliography/Document Access Key is a central file for all refer-
ences obtained in the development of the Treatability Manual. The list in-
cludes over 600 references. Reference cites include, as standard information,
a microfiche number and volume reference cites, on the first line. The second
line contains further identifiers in the form of EPA document or contract
numbers, PB numbers, Library of Congress numbers as well as any other refer-
ence specific numbers available. The remainder of the lines are reserved for
the reference cite. The individual volume cross-referencing tables are com-
prised of volume specific reference cites (i.e. 1-2, 3-8) in one column cross-
referenced to the appropriate microfiche number from the Master Bibliography.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-1
-------
0001 3-78
EPA-440/l-76/060n
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations, guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the hospital point source cate-
gory. EPA-440/l-76/060n. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.;
1976. 131 pp.
0002 3-76 5-49
EPA-440/l-76/059a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and new source
performance standards for the mineral mining and processing
industry point source category. EPA-440/l-76/059a. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1976. 432 pp.
0003 3-86
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft technical report for
revision of steam electric effluent limitations guidelines. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.; 1978. 607 pp.
0004 3-108 5-24
EPA-600/2-76/220 PB 266-241
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Extraction of chemical
pollutants from industrial wastewaters with volatile solvents.
EPA-600/2-76/220. Prepared for RSKERL, Office of Research and
Development, Ada, Oklahoma; 1976. 510 pp.
0005 2-58 3-68
Contract Nos. 68-01-3289 and 68-01-3884
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technical study report
BATEA-NSPS-PSES-PSNS: textile mills point source category (draft
contractor's report). Contract Nos. 68-01-3289 and 68-01-3884.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C.; 1978. Variously paginated.
0006 3-71
Contract Nos. 68-01-3273, 68-01-4762, and 68-02-2618
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft technical assistance
in the implementation of the BAT review of coal mining industry
point source category (draft contractor's report). Contract Nos.
68-01-3273, 68-01-4762, and 68-02-2618. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0007 3-85
Contract No. 68-01-4492
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for inorganic chemicals manufacturing point source category -
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-2
-------
BATEA, NSPS, and pretreatment standards (draft contractor's
report). Contract No. 68-01-4492. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1979.
0008
EPA-400/1-77/087A PB 238-464
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Supplement for pretreat-
ment to the development document for the inorganic chemicals
manufacturing point source category. EPA-400/1-77/087A. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1977.
0009 1-33 2-14 3-11 5-8
EPA-440/1-79/016
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for proposed effluent limitations guidelines, new source
performance standards, and pretreatment standards for the leather
tanning and finishing point source category. EPA-440/1-79/016.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 381 pp.
0010 2-45 3-70
EPA-440/1-76/083A
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Interim final supplement
for pretreatment to the development document for the petroleum
refining industry existing point source category. EPA-440/1-76/
083A. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1977. 115 pp.
0011 2-3 3-117 5-2
Contract No. 68-01-5767
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Status report on the
treatment and recycle of wastewaters from the car wash industry
(draft contractor's report). Contract No. 68-01-5767. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0012 2-2 3-84 5-1
Contract No. 68-03-2550
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technical support document
for auto and other laundries industry (draft contractor's report).
Contract No. 68-03-2550. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1979. Variously paginated.
0013 2-33 3-87
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent limitations
guidelines and standards for the pharmaceutical manufacturing
point source category (draft contractor's report). Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-3
-------
0014
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Supplement to the draft
contractor's engineering report for the development of effluent
limitations guidelines for the pharmaceutical point source cate-
gory (BATEA, NSPS, BCT, BMP, Pretreatment). Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0015 2-38 5-22
Contract No. 68-01-4845
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Preliminary draft develop-
ment document for BAT effluent limitations guidelines and new
source performance standards for the ore mining and dressing
industry, (draft contractor's report). Contract No. 68-01-4845.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, B.C.;
1979.
0016 1-46 2-38 3-66 5-22
Contract No. 68-01-4845
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for BAT effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance
standards for the ore mining and dressing industry (draft con-
tractor's report). Contract No. 68-01-4845. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1979. Variously paginated.
0017 3-83
Contract No. 68-01-4379
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Foundry industry (draft
contractor's report). Contract No. 68-01-4379. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0018 1-51 2-50 3-28 5-30
Contract No. 68-01-4673
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Review of best available
technology for the rubber processing point source category (draft
contractor's report). Contract No. 68-01-4673. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1978. Variously paginated.
0019 3-75 5-44
EPA-440/l-78/060e PB 285 480
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the pesticide
chemicals manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/1-78/
060e. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1978. 316 pp.
0021 3-69
EPA 440/1-76/060b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the gum and wood chemicals
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-4
-------
manufacturing. EPA 440/l-76/060b. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1976.
0022
EPA-440/l-78/061d PB 286 520
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the ore mining and dressing point source category,
Volume I. EPA-440/l-78/061d. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington,
D.C.; 1978.
0023 1-64 2-37 3-25
EPA-440/l-78/061e PB 286 521
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the ore mining and dressing point source category,
Volume II. EPA-440/l-78/061e. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington,
D.C.; 1978.
0024 3-82
Contract No. 68-01-4624
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Preliminary data base for
review of BATEA effluent limitations guidelines, NSPS, and pre-
treatment standards for the pulp, paper, and paperboard point
source category. Contract No. 68-01-4624. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1979.
0025 1-43 2-30 3-15 5-19
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technical review of the
best available technology, best demonstrated technology, and
pretreatment technology for the gum and wood chemicals point
source category (draft contractor's report). Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1978.
0026
EPA-440/1-75/057
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and new source
performance standards for the coal mining point source category.
EPA 440/1-75/057. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0030 2-1
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary, 1979.
- Auto and Other Laundries
- Coal Mining
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-5
-------
- Coil Coating Industry
- Electroplating
- Explosive Manufacturing
- Foundries
- Gum and Wood Chemicals
- Inorganic Chemicals
- Iron and Steel Industry
- Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry
- Rubber Processing
- Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Industry
- Ore Mining and Dressing
- Paint and Ink Formulation
- Petroleum Refining
- Porcelain Enameling
- Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Industry
- Steam Electric Power
- Textile Mills
- Timber Products
- POTW
0031 3-103
EPA-600/2-76/197 PB 265 363
Petersen, R.J., and K.E. Cobian. New membranes for treating
metal finishing effluents by reverse osmosis. EPA-600/2-76/197.
Prepared for IERL, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1976. 59 pp.
0032 3-93
EPA-600/2-77/104 PB 271 015
Bollyky, L.J. Ozone treatment of cyanide bearing plating waste.
EPA-600/ 2-77/104. Prepared for IERL, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977.
43 pp.
0033 3-109
EPA-600/2-73/024 PB 234 447
Treatment and recovery of fluoride industrial wastes. EPA-600/
2-73/024. Grumman Aerospace Corporation, Bethpage, N.Y.; 1974.
0034 ' 3-36, 46 5-52
EPA/SW-148C PB 275 287
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Physical, chemical, and
biological treatment techniques for industrial wastes. EPA/SW-
148C. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, B.C.; 1976.
0035 2-26
EPA-440/l-79/072a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the porce-
lain enameling point source category. EPA-400/l-79/072a. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste
Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 588 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-6
-------
0036 3-92
Contract No. DADA 17-73-C-3025
Chian, E.S.K., M.N. Aschauer, and H.H.P. Fang. Evaluation of new
reverse osmosis membranes for the separation of toxic compounds
from wastewater. Contract No. DADA 17-73-C-3025. U.S. Army
Medical Research and Development Command, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
309 pp.
0037 3-89
Contract No. 68-02-1874
Klieve, J.R., and G.D. Rawlings. Source assessment: textile
plant wastewater toxics study phase II. Contract No. 68-02-1874.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 127 pp.
0038 3-107
Contract No. 68-02-1874
Rawlings, G.D. Evaluation of hyperfiltration treated textile
wastewaters. Contract 68-02-1874. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.;
1978.
0039 3-106 5-46
EPA-600/2-79/006
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Selected biodegradation
techniques for treatment and/or ultimate disposal of organic
materials. EPA-600/2-79/006. Prepared for IERL, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1979. 377 pp.
0040
EPA-440/1-77/084
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Supplement for pretreat-
ment to the development document for the steam electric power
generating point source category. EPA-440/1-77/084. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1977. 244 pp.
0041
EPA-440/1-74/029a PB 240 853
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the steam electric generating point source category.
EPA-440/l-74/029-a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0042 2-61* 5-34
EPA-440/1-79/300
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Fate of priority pollut-
ants in publicly owned treatment works-pilot study. EPA-440/1-79/
300. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office Water and
Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 33 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-7
-------
0043
EPA-440/l-79/024a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for proposed effluent limitation guidelines and standards for the
iron and steel manufacturing point source category, Volume III.
EPA-440/l-79/024a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
308 pp.
0044 3-51
EPA-430/9-78/009
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Innovative and alternative
technology assessment manual. EPA-430/9-78/009 (draft). Prepared
for MERL, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1978. 252 pp.
0045 3-110
Contract No. 68-03-2579
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Priority pollutant treata-
bility review, industrial sampling and assessment. Contract
68-03-2579. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1978. 47 pp.
0046 3-90
EPA-600/2-78/004h PB 280 959
Rawlings, G.D. Source assessment: textile plant wastewater
toxics study phase I. EPA-600/2-78/004h. Prepared for Office of
Energy, Minerals, and Industry, IERL, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina; 1979. 153 pp.
0047 3-112 5-43
No. W77-05337 PB 264 534
Olem, H. The rotating biological contactor for biochemical
ferrous iron oxidation in the treatment of coal mine drainage.
No. W77-05337. Penn State.University, Prepared for U.S. Depart-
ment of Commerce, Office of Water Research and Technology, Wash-
ington, B.C.; 1975.
0051
Rosene, Michael R. Application of a polyani-based adsorption
model to the competitive adsorption of solids from water solution
onto activated carbon. Presented to K. Dostal from Calgon Corp.;
1979.
0052 3-115
EPA-600/2-78/192 PB 288 402
Kleper, M.H., A.Z. Gollan, R.L. Goldsmith, and K.J. McNulty.
Assessment of best available technology economically achievable
for synthetic rubber manufacturing wastewater. EPA-600/2-78/192.
Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1978. 182 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-8
-------
0053
EPA-560/6-76/006 PB 251 433
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Assessment of wastewater
management, treatment technology, and associated costs for abate-
ment of PCB's concentrations in industrial effluents. EPA-560/
6-76/006. Office of Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C.; 1976.
0054
EPA-440/1-74/030A PB 241 916
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the fabricated and reclaimed rubber segment of the
rubber processing point source category. EPA-440/1-74/030A.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0055
EPA-440/l-74/004-a PB 238 651
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards-feedlots point source category. EPA-440/l-74/004-a.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Air and
Water Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0056 2-19
EPA 440/l-79/071a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the coil
coating point source category. EPA 440/l-79/071a. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0057
EPA-440/l-74/007a PB 238 611
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and NSPS for the major inorganic
products point source category. EPA-440/l-74/007a. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Air and Water Programs,
Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0058 2-46 3-21
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
including the data base for the review of effluent limitations
guidelines (BATEA), new source performance standards, and pre-
treatment standards for the petroleum refining point source
category. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1978.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-9
-------
0059 2-44 5-28
EPA-440/l-74/014a PB 238 612
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the petroleum refining point source category. EPA-440/
l-74/014a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974. 195 pp.
0060 3-72
EPA-400/1-75/060
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the pharmaceutical manufacturing
point source category. EPA-400/1-75/060. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials,
Washington, D.C.; 1976. 331 pp.
0061
Contract No. 68-03-2610
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Study of effectiveness of
activated carbon technology for the removal of specific materials
from organic chemical processes. EPA Contract No. 68-03-2610.
Final report on Pilot Operations at USS Chemical, Nevella. 1979.
0062
EPA-440/1-74/028A PB 238 316
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the grain processing segment of the grain mills point
source category. EPA-440/1-74/028A. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Air and Water Programs, Washington,
D.C.; 1974.
0063
EPA-440/1-75/042A PB 240 863
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the formulated fertilizer segment of the fertilizer
manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/1-75/042A. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0064
EPA-440/1-74/001C PB 238 907
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the flat glass segment of the glass manufacturing point
source category. EPA-440/l-74/001c. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Air and Water Programs, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1974.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-10
-------
0065
EPA-440/l-75/041a PB 256 840
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the fish meal, salmon, bottom fish, clam, oyster,
sardine, scallop, herring, and abalone segment of the canned and
preserved fish and seafood processing industry point source
category. EPA-440/l-75/041a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington,
D.C. ; 1975. 485 pp.
0066
EPA-440/l-74/001b PB 238 078
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the insulation fiberglass manufacturing segment of the
glass manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/l-74/001b.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Air and
Water Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0067
Contract No. 68-01-1507
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance
standards for the iron and steel foundry industry. Contract No.
68-01-1507. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0068 3-74 5-7
EPA-440/l-74/016a PB 238 648
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the leather tanning and finishing point source cate-
gory. EPA-440/l-74/016a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Air and Water Programs, Washington, D.C.;
1974. 157 pp.
0069
Contract No. 68-01-2914
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance
standards for the machinery and mechanical products manufacturing
point source category, Vol. I. Contract No. 68-01-2914. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0070
Contract No. 68-01-2914
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance
standards for the machinery and mechanical products manufacturing
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-11
-------
point source category, Vol. II. Contract No. 68-01-2914. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0071
Contract No. 68-01-2914
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance
standards for the machinery and mechanical products manufacturing
point source category, Vol. III. Contract No. 68-01-2914.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0072
Contract No. 68-01-2914
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance
standards for the machinery and mechanical products manufacturing
point source category, Vol. IV. Contract No. 68-01-2914. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0073
EPA-440/1-74/009A PB 241 905
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the major organic products segment of the organic
chemicals manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/1-74/
009A. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0074
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance
standards for the miscellaneous foods and beverages point source
category. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0075
EPA-440/l-74/006a PB 241 018
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the phosphoric derived chemicals segment of the phos-
phate manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/l-74/006a.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-12
-------
0076 3-80
EPA-440/l-74/023a PB 240 811
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the plywood, hardboard, and wood preserving segment of
the timber products processing point source category. EPA-440/
l-74/023a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0077
EPA-440/l-75/034a PB 256-854
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the pressed and blown glass segment of the glass manu-
facturing point source category. EPA-440/l-75/034a. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0078
EPA-440/l-74/019d PB 240 859
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the primary aluminum smelting subcategory of the alum-
inum segment of the nonferrous metals manufacturing point source
category. EPA-440/l-74/019d. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Air and Water Programs, Washington, D.C.;
1974.
0079
EPA-440/l-74/012a PB 238 836
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the red meat processing segments of the meat products
and rendering processing point source category. EPA-440/1-74/
012a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Air
and Water Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0080
EPA-440/1-74/019C PB 238 464
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the secondary aluminum smelting subcategory of the
aluminum segment of the nonferrous metals manufacturing point
source category. EPA-440/l-74/019c. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Air and Water Programs, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1974.
0081
EPA-440/l-74/008a PB 238 650
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the smelting and slag processing segments of the ferro-
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-13
-------
alloy manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/l-74/008a.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Air and
Water Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0082
EPA-440/l-74/024a PB 238 837
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the steel making segment of the iron and steel manu-
facturing point source category. EPA-440/l-74/024a. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0083
EPA-440/l-75/036b PB 240 862
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the synthetic polymer segment of the plastics and
synthetic materials manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/
l-75/036b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0084 3-79 5-48
EPA-440/l-74/010a PB 239 241
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the synthetic resins segment of the plastics and syn-
thetic materials manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/
l-74/010a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Air and Water Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1974. 238 pp.
0085
EPA-440/l-74/022a PB 238 832
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the textile mills point source category. EPA-440/1-74/
022a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0086 1-54 2-57 3-24 5-32
EPA-440/l-79/022b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the textile mills point source category. EPA-440/l-79/022b.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 678 pp.
0087 1-55 2-60 3-22 5-33
EPA-440/l-79/023b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the timber products processing point source category. EPA-440/
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-14
-------
l-79/023b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 427 pp.
0088 3-67
EPA-440/l-74/013a PB 238 609
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the tire and synthetic segment of the rubber processing
point source category. EPA-440/l-74/013a. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Air and Water Programs, Washington,
D.C.; 1974. 193 pp.
0089
EPA-440/1-75/046
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final and proposed effluent limitations guidelines and
new source performance standards for the fruits, vegetables, and
specialties segment of the canned and preserved fruits and vege-
tables point source category. EPA-440/1-75/046. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975. 520 pp.
0090
EPA-440/1-75/061
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final and proposed effluent limitations guidelines and
new source performance standards for the ore mining and dressing
industry point source category. Vol. I. EPA-440/1-75/061.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0091
EPA-440/1-75/061
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final and proposed effluent limitations guidelines and
new source performance standards for the ore mining and dressing
industry point source category. Vol. II. EPA-440/1-75/061.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0092
EPA-440/1-76/047a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final and proposed effluent limitations guidelines and
proposed new source performance standards for the bleached kraft,
groundwood, sulfite, soda, deink, and non-integrated paper mills
segment of the pulp, paper, and paperboard point source category,
Vol. I. EPA-440/l-76/047a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington,
D.C.; 1976.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-15
-------
0093
EPA-440/l-76/047a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final and proposed effluent limitations guidelines and
proposed new source performance standards for the bleached kraft,
groundwood, sulfite, soda, deink, and non-integrated paper mills
segment of the pulp, paper, and paperboard point source category,
Vol. II. EPA-440/l-76/047a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington,
D.C.; 1976.
0094
EPA-440/1-75/038
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the calcium carbide segment of
the ferroalloy manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/
1-75/038. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0095
EPA-440/l-76/060h
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the carbon black manufacturing point source category.
EPA-440/l-76/060h. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1976.
0096
EPA-440/l-76/057a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and new source
performance standards for the coal mining point source category.
EPA-440/l-76/057a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1976.
0097 3-119 5-18
EPA-440/1-76/060j
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the explosives manufacturing
point source category. EPA-440/1-76/060J. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials,
Washington, D.C.; 1976. 215 pp.
0098
EPA-440/l-76/048b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the forming, finishing, and
speciality steel segment of the iron and steel manufacturing
point source category, Vol. I. EPA-440/l-76/048b. Prepared for
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-16
-------
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, B.C.; 1976.
0099
EPA-440/1-7 6/048b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the forming, finishing, and
speciality steel segment of the iron and steel manufacturing
point source category, Vol II. EPA-440/l-76/048b. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1976.
0100
EPA-440/l-75/032a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the lead segment of the non-
ferrous metals manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/
l-75/032a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0101
EPA-440/l-76/055a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the oil and gas extraction point
source category. EPA-440/l-76/055a. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials,
Washington, D.C.; 1976.
0102
EPA-440/1-75/043
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the other non-fertilizer phos-
phate chemicals segment of the phosphate manufacturing point
source category. EPA-440/1-75/043. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1975.
0103
EPA-440/1-76/0601
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the photographic processing
subcategory of the photographic point source category. EPA-440/
1-76/0601. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1976.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-17
-------
0104
EPA-440/1-75/044
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the raw cane sugar processing
segment of the sugar processing point source category. EPA-440/
1-75/044. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975. 291 pp.
0105 3-77
EPA-440/l-75/032b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and new source
performance standards for the primary copper smelting subcategory
of the copper segment of the non-ferrous metals manufacturing
point source category. EPA-440/l-75/032b. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials,
Washington, D.C.; 1975. 213 pp.
0106
EPA-440/1-75/032C
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the secondary copper subcategory
of the copper segment of the nonferrous metals manufacturing
point source category. EPA-440/1-75/032C. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials,
Washington, D.C.; 1975.
0107 3-26
EPA-440/1-75/045
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and new source
performance standards for the significant organic products seg-
ment of the organic chemicals manufacturing point source cate-
gory. EPA-440/1-75/045. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington,
D.C.; 1975. 391 pp.
0108
EPA-440/1-75/032
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
interim final effluent limitations guidelines and proposed new
source performance standards for the zinc segment of the non-
ferrous metals manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/
1-75/032. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-18
-------
0109
EPA-440/1-74/030
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
proposed effluent limitations guidelines and new source per-
formance standards for the fabricated and reclaimed rubber seg-
ment of the rubber processing point source category. EPA-440/
1-74/030. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0110
EPA-440/l-79/024a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category, Volume I.
EPA-440/l-79/024a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0111
EPA-440/l-79/024a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category, Volume
II. EPA-440/l-79/024a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1979.
0112
EPA-440/l-79/024a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category, Volume
IV.. EPA-440/l-79/024a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1979. 446 pp.
0113
EPA-440/l-79/024a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category, Volume
VII. EPA-440/l-79/024a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1979. 419 pp.
0114
EPA-440/l-79/024a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category, Volume
VIII. EPA-440/l-79/024a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1979. 768 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-19
-------
0115
EPA-440/1-74/036
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
proposed effluent limitations guidelines and new source perfor-
mance standards for the synthetic polymers segment of the plastics
and synthetic materials manufacturing point source category.
EPA-440/1-74/036. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0116
EPA-440/1-73/010
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
proposed effluent limitations guidelines and new source perfor-
mance standards for the synthetic resins segment of the plastics
and synthetic materials manufacturing point source category.
EPA-440/ 1-73/010. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Air and Water Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1973.
0117
EPA-440/l-74/036a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Addendum to development
document for proposed effluent limitations guidelines and new
source standards for the synthetic resins segment of the plastics
and synthetic materials manufacturing point source category.
EPA-440/l-74/036a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Air and Water Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0119
EPA-440/1-74/033A
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
proposed effluent limitations guidelines and new source perfor-
mance standards for the wood furniture and fixture manufacturing
segment of the timber products processing point source category.
EPA-440/1-74/033A. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1974.
0120 3-73
EPA-440/1-78/085
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
proposed existing source pretreatment standards for the electro-
plating point source category. EPA-440/1-78/085. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1978. 532 pp.
0121 2-27
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technical review for the
BAT analysis of the explosives industry (draft contractor's
report). Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 215 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-20
-------
0122 1-31 2-6 3-4 5-5
EPA-440/1-79/007
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
including the data base for effluent limitations guidelines
(BATEA), new source performance standards, and pretreatment stan-
dards for the inorganic chemicals manufacturing point source
category. EPA-440/1-79/007. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington,
D.C.; 1979. 934 pp.
0125
PB 198 519
Coughlin, R.W. Effect of surface groups on adsorption of pollut-
ants. Prepared for the Water Quality Office, Environmental
Protection Agency, 1970.
0129
Environmental assessment data systems. EADS.
0135
EPA-600/4-76/062 PB 265 470
Shackelford, W.M., and L.H. Keith. Frequency of organic compounds
identified in water. EPA-600/4-76/062. Prepared for Environ-
mental Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Athens,
GA; 1976.
0136
Chen, Y.R., and A.G. Hashimoto. A generalized model for substrate
utilization kinetics.
0137
W71-05157 PB 197 864
Bloom, R., C.B. Hopkins, and W.J. Weber, Jr. Granular carbon
treatment of raw sewage. W71-05157. Prepared for the Federal
Water Quality Administration, Department of the Interior.
Cincinnati, OH; 1970.
0139 1-49 2-47 3-116 5-27
EPA-440/l-79/014b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
proposed effluent limitations guidelines, new source performance
standards, and pretreatment standards for the petroleum refining
point source category. EPA-440/l-79/014b. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1979. 366 pp.
0140
EPA-440/l-79/024a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category, Volume V.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-21
-------
EPA-440/l-79/024a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
435 pp.
0141
EPA-440/l-79/024a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category, Volume
VI. EPA-440/l-79/024a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1979. 389 pp.
0142
EPA-440/l-79/024a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category, Volume
IX. EPA-440/l-79/024a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1979. 758 pp.
0144 3-88 5-23
EPA-600/2-79/080 PB 299 291
CoCo, J.H., E. Klein, D. Rowland, J.H. Mayes, W.A Myers, E.
Pratz, C.J. Romero, and F.H. Yocum. Development of treatment and
control technology for refractory petrochemical wastes (draft
report). EPA-600/2-79/080. Prepared for RSKERL, Office of
Research and Development, Ada, Oklahoma; 1979. 220 pp.
0145 1-16
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report on visit of
D. Stephan and W. Cawley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
to Calgon Environmental Systems Division, Calgon Corporation,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 1979. 132 pp.
0146
EPA-440/1-73/029
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
proposed effluent limitations guidelines and new source perfor-
mance standards for the steam electric power generating point
source category. EPA-440/1-73/029. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Air and Water Programs, Washington,
D.C.; 1974. 677 pp.
0147 3-94 5-3
EPA-600/2-78/177 PB 287 830
Kleper, M.H., R.L. Goldsmith, and A.Z. Gollan. Demonstration of
ultrafiltration and carbon adsorption for treatment of industrial
laundering wastewater. EPA-600/2-78/177. Prepared for IERL
Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.; Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1978. 109 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-22
-------
0148
EPA-440/l-74/021a PB 238 835
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the dairy products processing point source category.
EPA-440/l-74/021a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Air and Water Programs, Washington, B.C.; 1974. 167
pp.
0149 1-47 2-40 3-20 5-26
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft engineering report
for development of effluent limitations guidelines for the paint
manufacturing industry (BATEA, NSPS, pretreatment). Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0150 1-48 2-41 3-19 5-25
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft engineering report
for development of effluent limitations guidelines for the ink
manufacturing industry (BATEA, NSPS, pretreatment). Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0151 1-52 2-54
EPA-230/2-73/026 PB 256 313
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Economic analysis of
effluent guidelines for the soap and detergent industry.
EPA-230/2-73/026. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Planning and Evaluation, Washington, B.C.; 1976.
0152 3-95 5-45
EPA-600/2-78/176 PB 287 823
Kleper, M.H., R.L. Goldsmith, T.V. Tran, B.H. Steiner, J. Pecevich,
and M.A. Sakillaris. Treatment of wastewaters from adhesives and
sealants manufacturing by ultrafiltration. EPA-600/2-78/176.
Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and Bevelopment, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1978. 120 pp.
0153 3-96 5-41
EPA-600/2-77/170 PB 272 473
McNulty, K.J., R.L. Goldsmith, A. Gollan, S. Hossain, and D.
Grant. Reverse osmosis field test: treatment of copper cyanide
rinse waters. EPA-600/2-77/170. Prepared for IERL, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 89 pp.
0154 3-91
EPA-600/2-78/040 PB 280-944
Davis, H.J., F.S. Model, and J.R. Leal. PBI reverse osmosis
membrane for chromium plating rinse water. EPA-600/2-78/040.
Bate: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-23
-------
Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1978. 28 pp.
0155 3-111 5-50
EPA-600/2-78/129 PB 285 060
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effects of liquid deter-
gent plant effluent on the rotating biological contactor. EPA-600/
2-78/129. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 1978. 58 pp.
0156 1-5
EPA-600/8-77/005 PB 268 029
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Manual of treatment tech-
niques for meeting the interim primary drinking water regulations.
EPA-600/8-77/005. MERL, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 73 pp.
0157 3-102 5-42
EPA-600/2-76/060 PB 251 188
Brandon, C.A., and J.J. Porter. Hyperfiltration for renovation
of textile finishing plant wastewater. EPA-600/2-76/060. Pre-
pared for IERL, Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina; 1976. 147 pp.
0158 2-52 3-30
EPA-440/l-74/018a PB 238 613
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and new source performance stan-
dards for the soap and detergent manufacturing point source
category. EPA-440/l-74/018a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington,
D.C.; 1974. 202 pp.
0159 3-125 5-47
EPA-600/2-76/123 PB 262 979
Schimmel, C., and D.B. Griffin. Treatment and disposal of com-
plex industrial wastes. EPA-600/2-76/123. Prepared for IERL,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1976.
0160
EPA-440/1-74/18
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
proposed effluent limitations guidelines and new source perfor-
mance standards for the soap and detergent manufacturing point
source category. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Air and Water Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1973.
0161 1-29 2-4 3-1
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the auto and
other laundries point source category. Prepared for Effluent
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-24
-------
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1980. 157 pp.
0162 2-7
40CFR415
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for inorganic chemicals (40CFR415; 39FR9612, March 12,
1974; amended as shown in Code of Federal Regulations, Vol. 40,
revised as of July 1, 1976; 41FR51599 and 51601, November 23,
1976; 42FR17443, April 1, 1977, 42FR10681, February 23, 1977;
42FR37294, July 20, 1977).
0163 2-8 3-5 5-6
EPA-440/l-80/024b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category; general.
EPA-440/l-80/024b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980.
456 pp. Volume I.
0164 1-32 2-9 3-6
EPA-440/l-80/024b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category; coke
making subcategory, sintering subcategory, iron making subcate-
gory. EPA-440/l-80/024b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1980. 434 pp. Volume II.
0165 1-32 2-10 3-7
EPA-440/l-80/024b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category; steel
making subcategory, vacuum degassing subcategory, continuous
casting subcategory. EPA-440/l-80/024b. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1980. 488 pp. Volume III.
0166 1-32 2-11 3-8
EPA-440/l-80/024b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category; hot
forming subcategory. EPA-440/l-80/024b. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1980. 374 pp. Volume IV.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-25
-------
0167 1-32 2-12 3-9
EPA-440/1-80/024b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category; scale
removal subcategory, acid pickling subcategory. EPA-440/1-80/
024b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste Management, Washington B.C.; 1980. 512 pp. Volume V.
0168 1-32 2-13 3-10
EPA-440/l-80/024b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the iron and steel manufacturing point source category; cold
forming subcategory, alkaline cleaning subcategory, hot coating
subcategory. EPA-440/l-80/024b. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington,
D.C.; 1980. 576 pp. Volume VI.
0169 2-15
40CFR425
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for leather tanning and finishing. 40CFR425; 42FR15703,
March 23, 1977.
0170 1-34 2-16 3-27 5-9
EPA-440/l-80/073a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the alum-
inum forming point'source category. EPA-440/l-80/073a. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste
Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 604 pp.
0171 1-35 2-17 3-12 5-10
EPA-440/l-80/067a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the battery
manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/l-80/067a. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste
Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 823 pp.
0172 1-36 2-18 3-16 5-11
EPA-440/l-81/071b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the coil coating point source category. EPA-440/l-81/071b.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1981. 481 pp.
0173 1-37 2-20 3-31 5-12
EPA-440/l-80/075a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the elec-
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-26
-------
trical and electronic components point source category. EPA-440/
l-80/075a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Waste Management, Washington, B.C.; 1980. Variously
paginated.
0174 1-38 2-21 3-17 5-13
EPA-440/l-80/070a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the foun-
dries (metal molding and casting) point source category. EPA-440/
l-80/070a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 860 pp.
0175 1-39 2-22 3-23 5-14
EPA-440/l-80/091a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the metal
finishing point source category. EPA-440/l-80/091a. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste
Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0176 2-23 3-3
EPA-440/1-79/003
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the electroplating point source category. EPA-440/1-79/003.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 526 pp.
0177 1-40 2-24 3-32 5-15
EPA-440/l-80/077a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the photo-
graphic equipment and supplies segment of the photographic point
source category. EPA-440/l-80/077a. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0178 1-41 2-25 3-13 5-16
EPA-440/l-81/072b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the porcelain enameling point source category. EPA-440/1-81/
072b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1981. 515 pp.
0179 2-28
40CFR457
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for explosive manufacturing. 40 CFR457; 41FR10180,
1976.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-27
-------
0180 1-42 2-29 3-14 5-17
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development document
for proposed effluent limitations guidelines, new source per-
formance standards and pretreatment standards for the explosives
manufacturing point source category; subcategory E, formulation
and packaging of blasting agents, dynamite, and pyrotechnics.
Performed by Hydro-science for the Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
Variously paginated.
0181 2-31
40CFR454
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for gum and wood chemicals manufacturing. 40CFR454;
41FR20506, 1976.
0182 1-44 2-32 3-2 5-20
EPA-440/l-80/084a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contractor's engineering
report for the development of effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the pharmaceutical manufacturing point source
category. EPA-440/l-80/084a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1980. Variously paginated.
0183 2-34
40CFR439
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for pharmaceutical manufacturing. 40CFR439; 41FR506
76, November 17, 1976; Amended by 42FR6813, February 1977.
0184 1-45 2-35 3-29 5-21
EPA-440/l-79/019a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the non-
ferrous metals manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/1-79/
019a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 622 pp.
0185 2-36
40CFR421
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for nonferrous metals. 40CFR421; 39FR12822, April 8,
1974; Amended by 40FR8514, February 27, 1975; 40FR48348, October
15, 1975; 41FR 54850, December 15, 1976.
0186 2-39
40CFR440
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for ore mining and dressing. (40CFR440, November 6,
1975; 41FR21191, May 24, 1976; 42FR3165, January 17, 1977;
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-28
-------
43FR29771 July, 11, 1978; 44FR7953, February 8, 1979; 44FR11546,
March 1, 1979). p. 135:0881.
0187 2-42
40CFR446
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for paint formulating. 40CFR446; 40FR31723, July 28,
1975.
0188 2-43
40CFR447
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for ink formulating. 40CFR447; 40FR31723, July 28,
1975.
0189 1-50 2-48 3-18 5-29
EPA-440/l-80/025b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the pulp, paper and paperboard and the builders paper and board
mills point source categories. EPA-440/l-80/025b. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Manage-
ment, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 632 pp.
0190 2-49
40CFR430
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for the pulp, paper and paperboard point source cate-
gory. 40CFR430; 42FR1399, January 6, 1977.
0191 2-51
40CFR428
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for rubber processing. 40CFR428; 39FR6660, February
21, 1974 (amended by 39FR26423, July 19, 1974; 40FR2334, January
10, 1975; 40FR 18172, April 25, 1975 [effective May 27, 1975];
and 43FR6230, February 14, 1978).
0192 1-53 2-55 3-35 5-31
EPA-440/l-80/029b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the steam electric point source category. EPA 440/l-80/029b.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 597 pp.
0193 2-56
40CFR423
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for steam electric power generating point source cate-
gory. 40CFR423; 40FR61619, Sept. 17, 1980.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-29
-------
0194 2-59
MRC internal sampling data on file at Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion of EPA, 1978.
0195 2-61
Clement Associates, Inc. Description of the organic chemicals and
plastics industry, Section 4.0 (working paper). Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Manage-
ment, Washington, D.C.; 1981. 35 pp. plus appendices.
0196 2-62 3-37
Catalytic, Inc. Draft partial report on evaluation of organic
chemicals and plastics and synthetics. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1981. Variously paginated.
0197 2-63 5-54
JRB Associates, Inc. Organic chemicals industry priority pollut-
ant data; data listings, descriptive statistics and percent
reduction. Memorandum, J. Ackermann, JRB, to C. Norwood, JRB, 8
June 1981; modified by EPA Effluent Guidelines Division. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste
Management, Washington, D.C.; 1981. Variously paginated.
0198 2-64 5-55
Wise, Hugh E., and Paul D. Fahrenthold. Occurrence and predict-
ability of priority pollutants in wastewaters of the organic
chemicals and plastics/synthetic fibers industrial categories.
Presented in part at the 181st American Chemical Society National
Meeting, Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Sym-
posium on Treatability of Industrial Aqueous Effluents, Atlanta,
Georgia, March 29-April 3, 1981. 40 pp.
0199 2-65
Fahrenthold, Paul D., and Hugh Wise. Toxic pollutants in the
organic chemicals industry. Presented at 52nd Annual Conference
of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Session 24, October 9,
1979.
0200 5-60
Walk, Haydel & Associates, Inc. Contractors engineering report
analysis of organic chemicals and plastics and synthetic resin
industries; Conventional and nonconventional pollutant param-
eters, Volumes I and II. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
October 30, 1981. Variously paginated.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-30
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0201 2-67
JRB Associates, Inc. Priority pollutant analysis (with supple-
mental data listing). Memorandum, J. Ackerman, JRB, to M.
Irizarry, EPA, 22 May, 1981; supplemented with additional data,
October 1981. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office
of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1981. Variously
paginated.
0202 1-1
NIOSH-78-104B
Fairchild, E.J., R. J. Lewis, Sr., and R. L. Tatken. Registry of
toxic effects of chemical substances, Volume II. NIOSH-78-104B,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1977.
0203 1-2
EPA-440/4-79/029a
Callahan, M.A., M.W. Slimak, N.W. Gabel, I.P. May, C.F. Fowler,
et al. Water-related environmental fate of 129 priority pollut-
ants, Volume I. EPA-440/4-79/029a. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0204 1-3
The Chemical Rubber Company. Handbook of chemistry and physics,
48th Edition. Cleveland, Ohio; 1967.
0205 1-4
The Chemical Rubber Company. Handbook of chemistry and physics,
58th Edition. Cleveland, Ohio; 1977.
0206 1-6
Verschueren, K. Handbook of environmental data on organic chem-
icals. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York; 1977.
0207 1-7
EPA-440/4-79/029b
Callahan, M.A., M.W. Slimak, N.W. Gabel, I.P. May, C. F. Fowler
et al. Water-related environmental fate of 129 priority pollut-
ants, Volume II. EPA-440/4-79/029b. U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0208 1-8
EPA-600/8-80/023 PB80-197320
Dobbs, R.A., and J. M. Cohen. Carbon adsorption isotherms for
toxic organics. EPA-600/8-80/023. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1980. 332 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-31
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0209 1-9
Merck and Co., Inc. The Merck index, Ninth Edition. Rahway, New
Jersey; 1976.
0210 1-10
Fochtman, E.G., and W. Eisenberg. Treatability of carcinogenic
and other hazardous organic compounds. Illinois Institute of
Technology Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois; 58 pp.
0211 1-11
EPA-440/4-79/029c
Callahan, M.A., M. W. Slimak, N.W. Gabel, I.P. May, C. F. Fowler,
et al. Water-related environmental fate of 129 priority pollut-
ants, Volume III, ethers, phthalate esters, and nitrosamines.
EPA-440/4-79/029c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1979.
0212 1-12
Fitter, P. Determination of biological degradability of organic
substances. Water Research 10:1-5, 1976.
0213 1-13
National Library of Medicine. Off-line bibliographic citation
list generated from the toxicology data bank by MEDLARS II.
National Library of Medicine's National Interactive Retrieval
Service, Bethesda, Maryland; 1979. Part I.
0214 1-14
McGraw Hill, Inc. Lange's handbook of chemistry, 12th Edition.
New York, New York; 1979.
0215 1-15
Warner, H.P., J. M. Cohen, and J. C. Ireland. Determination of
Henry's law constants of selected priority pollutants. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1980. 14 pp.
0216 1-17
Spencer, W. F., and W. J. Farmer. Assessment of the vapor be-
havior of toxic chemicals. Contribution of Federal Research,
SEA, USDA, and the University of California, Riverside, Cali-
fornia.
0217 1-18
National Library of Medicine. Off-line bibliographic citation
list generated from the toxicology data bank by MEDLARS II.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-32
-------
National Library of Medicine's National Interactive Retrieval
Service, Bethesda, Maryland; 1979. Part II.
0218 1-19
Tucker, E.S., V. M. Saeger, and O. Hicks. Activated sludge
primary biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. Monsanto
Company, St. Louis, Missouri; 1975. 9 pp.
0219 1-20
Interscience Encyclopedia, Inc. Encyclopedia of chemical tech-
nology, Volume 5, 3rd Edition. New York, New York; 1978.
0220 1-21
Meister Publishing Co. 1976 farm chemicals handbook. Willoughby,
Ohio; 1976.
0221 1-22
EPA-600/2-75/041
Ferguson, T. L., F. J. Bergman, G. R. Cooper, R. T. Li, and F. I.
Honea. Determination of incinerator operating conditions necessary
for safe disposal of pesticides. EPA-600/2-75/041. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1975. 415 pp.
0222 1-23
Ouellette, R. P., and J. A. King. Chemical week pesticides
register. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York; 1977.
0223 1-24
EPA-540/9-71/005
Guyer, G. D., P. Adkisson, K. DuBois, C. Menzie, and H. P.
Nicholson. Toxaphene status report. EPA-540/9-71/005. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.; 1971. p. 10.
0224 1-25
National Library of Medicine. Off-line bibliographic citation
list generated from the toxicology data bank by MEDLARS II.
National Library of Medicine's National Interactive Retrieval
Service, Bethesda, Maryland; 1979. Part III.
0225 1-26
EPA-540/1-75/004
Midwest Research Institute. Substitute chemical program-initial
scientific and minieconomic review of methyl parathion. EPA-540/
1-75/004. Criteria and Evaluation Division, Office of Pesticide
Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1975. 187 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-33
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0226 1-27
Jordan, T. E. Vapor pressure of organic compounds. Interscience
Publishers, Inc., New York, New York; 1954. p. 104.
0227 1-28
Water Purification Associates. Removal of low concentrations of
toxic pollutants from wastewaters by steam and air stripping,
Appendix: Henry's Law constants (Draft Report). Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. Unpaginated.
0228 1-56
45 FR 231
45 Federal Register, No. 231. Water quality criteria documents:
availability; Appendix A-Summary of water quality criteria.
November 23, 1980. pp. 79318-79379.
0229 " 3-33
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft guidance document
for effluent limitations guidelines (BATEA), new source perfor-
mance standards, and pretreatment standards for the photographic
processing point source category. Performed by Versar, Inc.;
1980. Variously paginated.
0230 3-38
EPA-625/l-75/003a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Process design manual for
suspended solids removal. EPA-625/l-75/003a. Technology Trans-
fer Division; 1975.
0231 3-39
Nemerow, Nelson. Industrial pollution; origins, characteristics,
and treatment. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; 1978. 733 p.
0232 3-40
EPA-625/l-71/004a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Process design manual for
upgrading existing wastewater treatment plants. EPA-625/1-71/
004a. Variously paginated.
0233 3-41
EPA-625/8-80/003
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Control and treatment
technology for the metal finishing industry, sulfide precipita-
tion. Summary report. EPA-625/8-80/003. Technology Transfer
Division; 1980.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-34
-------
0234 3-42
EPA-625/5-79/016
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Economics of wastewater
treatment alternatives for the electroplating industry. EPA-625/
5-79/016. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington,
D.C.; 1979.
0235 3-43
MOP/8
Water Pollution Control Federation. Wastewater treatment plant
design, a manual of practice. MOP/8. Water Pollution Control
Federation; 1977.
0236 3-44
Eckenfelder, W.W. Industrial water pollution control. New York:
McGraw Hill Book Company; 1966.
0237 3-47
No. 76/22
Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality. Technology and
economics of industrial pollution abatement. Illinois Institute
for Environmental Quality No. 76/22; 1976. Variously paginated.
0238 3-48
EPA-600/2-81/028 PB81-191900
Pojasek, R.B. Making hazardous waste nonhazardous. Published in
Proceedings of the Third Conference on Advanced Pollution Control
for the Metal Finishing Industry. EPA-600/2-81/028. Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1981. pp. 63-64.
0239 3-49
Nitrification and denitrification facilities. Technology transfer
series; 1973.
0240 3-50
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Nitrogen control process
design manual (draft); 1975.
0241 3-52
Metcalf and Eddy. Wastewater engineering: collection treatment
disposal. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 1972.
0242 3-53
EPA-R2-72/110
Kincannon, C.B. Oily waste disposal cultivation process.
EPA-R2-72/110. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
B.C.; 1972.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-35
-------
0243 3-54
EPA-625/1-77/009
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Process design manual
wastewater treatment facilities for several small communities.
EPA-625/1-77/009. Technology Transfer Division; 1977.
0244 3-55
Pollution Engineering Practice Handbook. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor
Science Publisher, Inc.; 1976.
0245 3-56
EPA-625/1-77/008
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Process design manual for
land treatment of municipal wastewater. EPA-625/1-77/008.
Prepared for Office of Water Program Operations, Environmental
Research Information Center, Technology Transfer Division; 1977.
0246 3-57
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Upgrading meat packing
facilities to reduce pollution. 1973.
0247 3-58
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Land treatment of municipal
wastewater effluents, design factors; 1976. Volume II.
0248 3-59
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pollution abatement in the
fruit and vegetable industry.
0249 3-60
EPA-625/1-79/011
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Process design manual
sludge treatment and disposal. EPA-625/1-79/011. Prepared for
Office of Research and Development; 1979.
0250 3-61
Sludge dewatering design manual. Research Report No. 72. Minis-
try of 'the Environment, Ontario, Canada.
0251 3-62
EPS 3-WP-76-4
Proceedings of seminars on water pollution abatement technology
in the pulp and paper industry. Report EPS 3-WP-76-4, Environ-
mental Protection Service, Environment Canada; 1976.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-36
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0252 3-63
Conway, Richard A., and Richard D. Ross. Handbook of industrial
waste disposal. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company; 1980.
0253 3-64
Powers, Philip W. How to dispose of toxic substances and indus-
trial wastes. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation; 1976.
0254 3-65 5-51
No. 68/01/4827
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Revised technical review
of the best available technology, best demonstrated technology,
and pretreatment technology for the timber products processing
point source category. Contract 68/01/4827. Prepared for Efflu-
ent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1978. Variously paginated.
0255 3-81
EPA-440/1-73/009
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development document for
proposed effluent limitations guidelines and new source perfor-
mance standards for the major organic products segment of the
organic chemicals manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/
1-73/009. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Air and Water Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1973. 369 pp.
0256 3-97
Brunotts, V.A., R.S. Lynch, and G.R. Van Stone. Granular carbon
handles concentrated waste. Chemical Engineering Progress 6(8):
81-84; 1973.
0257 3-98
Anonymous. Putting powdered carbon in wastewater treatment.
Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. II (9); 1977.
0258 3-99
De, J. and B. Paschal. The effectiveness of granular activated
carbon in treatability of municipal and industrial wastewaters.
In: Third National Conference on Complete Water Reuse, AIChE and
EPA Technology Transfer. pp. 204-211.
0259 3-100
De, J. , B. Paschal, and A. D. Adams. Treatment of oil refinery
wastewaters with granular and powdered activated carbon. In:
Thirtieth Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, IN;
1975. pp. 216-232.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-37
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0260 3-101
Argaman Y., and C. L. Weddle. Fate of heavy metals physical
treatment processes. In: Water 1973 AIChE Symposium Series,
Vol. 70, No. 136; 1974.
0261 3-104
EPA-600/2-76/260
Lang, W.C., J.H. Crozier, F.P. Drace, and K.H. Pearson. Indus-
trial wastewater reclamation with a 400,000-gallon-per-day vertical
tube evaporator. EPA-600/2-76/260. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH; 1976. 90 pp.
0262 3-105
EPA Contract No. 68-03-2610
Study of effectiveness of activated carbon technology for the
removal of specific materials from organic chemical processes.
EPA Contract No. 68-03-2610. Final report on pilot operations at
USS Chemical, Nevella.
0263 3-113
Hamilton Standard. Compilation of lime and settling performance
data base. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, B.C.; 1980.
0264 3-114
Ekenfelder, W.W. Water quality for practicing engineers. Barnes
and Noble, New York; 1970.
0265 3-118
LCCCN 80-68821
Borchardt, J.A., W.J. Redman, G.E. Jones, and R.T. Spraque.
Sludge and its ultimate disposal. Ann Arbor, MI; 1981. 286 pp.
0266 1-65 2-53 3-120 5-56
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project recommendations
for the soap and detergent manufacturing industry (SIC 2814)
BAT/Toxics Study. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1976.
26 pp.
0267 3-121
EPA-600/2-79/056 PB 299-206
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Survey of solidification/
stabilization technology for hazardous industrial wastes. EPA-600/
2-79/056. Cincinnati, Ohio; 1979. Variously paginated.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-38
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0268 3-122 5-59
Weishaar, Michael F. 1981. Letter, Michael F. Weishaar, Manager
of Environmental Affairs, Monsanto, to Paul D. Fahrenthold, USEPA
Washington Region; 1981. 12 pp.
0269 3-123
Dotson, G.K., R.B. Dean, W.B. Cooke, and B.A. Kennar. Land
spreading, a conserving and non-polluting method of disposing of
oily wastes. Proceedings of the 5th International Water Pollu-
tion Resource Conference, Pergamon Press, New York, NY; 1971.
0270 3-124
Francke, H.C., and F.E. Clark. Disposal of oil wastes by micro-
bial assimilation. Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, TN; 1974.
0272 3-126
LCCCN 78-71431
Vesiland, P.A. Treatment and disposal of wastewater sludges.
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc. Ann Arbor, MI; 1980. 323 pp.
0273 3-127
Dick, R.I., and K.W. Young. Analysis of thickening performance
of final settling tanks, 27th Purdue University Industrial Waste
Conference. Lafayette, IN; 1972.
0274 5-35
Clement Associates, Inc. Analytical methods development, Section
2.4.2.4, working paper for draft development document for effluent
limitations guidelines and standards for the organic chemicals
manufacturing and plastic and synthetic materials point source
categories. Prepared for Organic Chemicals Branch, Effluent
Guidelines Division; 1981.
0275 5-36
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Sampling and analysis
procedures for screening of industrial effluents for priority
pollutants. Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
Cincinnati, OH; 1977. 69 pp.
0276 5-37
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Analytical methods for the
verification phase of the BAT review. Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Washington, D.C.; 1977.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-39
-------
0277 5-38
American Public Health Association, et al. Standard methods for
the examination of water and wastewater. 14th edition; 1975.
0278 5-39
EPA-600/4-79/020
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methods for chemical
analysis of water and wastes. EPA-600/4-79/020. Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH; 1979.
0279 5-40
Holtzclaw, P.W., and M.D. Neptune. Approach to quality
assurance/quality control in the organic chemicals industry
monitoring program. Presented in Journal of Environmental
Science and Health, Vol. A15, No. 5. pp 525-543.
0280 5-53
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Handbook for analytical
quality control in water and wastewater laboratories. Analytical
Quality Control Laboratory, National Environmental Research
Center, Cincinnati, OH; 1972. Variously paginated.
0281 5-57
Kloepfer, Robert P., Jerry R. Dias, and Billy J. Fairless.
Priority pollutant methodology quality assurance review. Re-
printed from Chemistry in Water Reuse, Volume 1, Chapter 9,
edited by W.J. Cooper, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.; 1981.
pp 207-227.
0282 5-58
Federal Register, Vol. 44
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines established
test procedures for the analysis of pollutants; proposed regula-
tions. Federal Register, Vol. 44, No. 233, pp. 69464-69575, as
modified by Federal Register, Vol. 44, No. 244, pp. 75028-75052;
December, 1979. 135 pp.
0283 1-57
Tabak, Henry H., Stephen Quave, Charles Mashni, and Edwin F. Earth.
1981. Biodegradability studies with organic priority pollutant
compounds. In; Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federa-
tion; 1981. pp. 1503-1518.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-40
-------
0284 1-58
Sittig, Marshall (Editor). Priority toxic pollutants, health
impacts and allowable limits. Noyes Data Corporation, New
Jersey; 1980. 348 pp.
0285 1-59
Cohen, Jesse. Letter, M. Jesse Cohen, Chief, Physical-
Chemical Treatment Section; Wastewater Research Division, USEPA,
to Bob Stevens, WAPORA, 1981. 19 p.
0286 1-60
Tabak, Henry H. Biodegradability studies for predicting fate of
organic priority pollutants. To be published in: Proceedings of
ADAC Symposium on Test Protocols for Environmental Fate and
Movement of Toxicants, 94th Annual ADAC Meeting; Arlington,
VA; 1980.
0287 1-61
Bunch, R.L., and C.W. Chambers. A biodegradability test for
organic compounds. In: Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 39; 1967. p. 181.
0288 1-62
EPA-600/2-79/097
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Treatability of carcino-
genic and other hazardous organic compounds. EPA-600/2-79/097.
Prepared by IIT Research Institute; 1979.
0289 1-63
EPA-600/2-81/032 PB 81-171352
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Biodegradation and carbon
adsorption of carcinogenic and hazardous organic compounds.
EPA-600/2-81/032. Prepared by IIT Research Institute; 1980.
0290 1-43* 2-30* 3-144
EPA-440/l-79/078b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the gum and wood chemicals manufacturing point source category.
EPA-440/l-79/078b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
246 pp.
0291 1-48* 2-41* 3-45
EPA-440/l-79/090b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the ink formulating point source category. EPA-440/l-79/090b.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-41
-------
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
0292 1-55* 2-60*
EPA-440/1-81/023
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the timber
products point source category. EPA-440/1-81/023. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1981. 498 pp.
0293 2-66
Contract No. 68-01-5011
Catalytic, Inc. Preliminary performance data for selected class-
ical pollutants. Contract 68-01-5011. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1981. 10 pp.
0294 1-30 2-5 3-34 5-4
EPA-440/l-81/057b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the coal mining point source category. EPA-440/l-81/057b.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1981. 429 pp. plus
appendices.
0295
EPA-600/2-79/082 PB80-108400
Drummond, B.A., and A.H. Laube. Coke quench tower emission test-
ing program. EPA-600/2-79/082. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington,
D.C.; 1979. Variously paginated.
0296
EPA-600/2-79/093 PB80-102882
Hoogheem, T.J., and G.D. Rawlings. Analysis of priority pollut-
ants at a primary zinc production facility. EPA-600/2-79/093.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1979. 46 pp.
0297
EPA-600/2-79/110 PB-300524
Barber, L.K., E.R. Ramirez, and W.L. Zemaitis. Processing chrome
tannery effluent to meet best available treatment standards.
EPA-600/2-79/110. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio;
1979. 152 pp.
0298
EPA-600/2-79/118 PB80-113889
Gaddis, J.L., and H.G. Spencer. Evaluation of hyperfiltration for
separation of toxic substances in textile process water. EPA-600/
2-79/118. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-42
-------
Office of Research and Development, Washington, B.C.; 1979. 283
pp.
0299
EPA-600/2-79/166 PB80-133184
Caragay, A.B., and Levins, P.L. Evaluation of protocols for pesti-
cides and PCB's in raw wastewater. EPA-600/2-79/166. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1979. 100 pp.
0300
EPA-600/2-79/172 PB80-100456
Humphrey, W.J., and E.R. Witt. Biological treatment of high strength
petrochemical wastewater. EPA-600/2-79/172. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Ada, Oklahoma; 1979. 100 pp.
0301
EPA-600/2-79/177 PB80-100522
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Activated carbon treatment
of industrial wastewaters selected technical papers. EPA-600/
2-79/177. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
286 pp.
0302
EPA-600/2-79/209 PB80-166622
McKinnon, J.T. Advanced filtration of pulp mill wastes. EPA-600/
2-79/209. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1979.
100 pp.
0303
EPA-600/7-79/220 PB80-102767
Houle, E.H., S.C. May, A.N. Rogers, V.C. Van der Mast, and M.C.
Weeks. Assessment of three technologies for the treatment of
cooling tower blowdown. EPA-600/7-79/220. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Washington, D.C.; 1979. Variously paginated.
0304
EPA-600/7-79/248 PB80-181134
Goodman R., J.C. Lamb III, F.K. Pfaender, and P.C. Singer. Treat-
ability and assessment of coal conversion wastewaters: phase I.
EPA-600/7-79/248. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.;
1979. 178 pp.
0305
EPA-600/9-79/034 PB80-106438
Barth, E.F., and R.L. Bunch. Biodegradation and treatability of
specific pollutants. EPA-600/9-79/034. Prepared for U.S.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-43
-------
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1979. 60 pp.
0306
EPA-440/5-80/015 PB81-117269
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for acenaphthene. EPA-440/5-80/015. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0307
EPA-440/5-80/016 PB81-117277
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for acrolein. EPA-440/5-80/016. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0308
EPA-440/5-80/017 PB81-117285
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for acrylonitrile. EPA-440/5-80/017. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0309
EPA-440/5-80/018 PB81-117293
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for benzene. EPA-440/5-80/018. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0310
EPA-440/5-80/019 PB81-117301
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for aldrin/dieldrin. EPA-440/5-80/019. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0311
EPA-440/5-80/020 PB81-117319
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for antimony. EPA-440/5-80/020. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0312
EPA-440/5-80/021 PB81-117327
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for arsenic. EPA-440/5-80/021. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-44
-------
0313
EPA-440/5-80/022 PB81-117335
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for asbestos. EPA-440/5-80/022. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0314
EPA-440/5-80/023 PB81-117343
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for benzidine. EPA-440/5-80/023. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0315
EPA-440/5-80/024 PB81-117350
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for beryllium. EPA-440/5-80/024. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0316
EPA-440/5-80/025 PB81-117368
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for cadmium. EPA-440/5-80/025. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0317
EPA-440/5-80/026 PB81-117376
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for carbon tetrachloride. EPA-440/5-80/026. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0318
EPA-440/5-80/027 PB81-117384
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for chlordane. EPA-440/5-80/027. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0319
EPA-440/5-80/028 PB81-117392
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for chlorinated benzenes. EPA-440/5-80/028. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-45
-------
0320
EPA-440/5-80/029 PB81-117400
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for chlorinated ethanes. EPA-440/5-80/029. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0321
EPA-440/5-80/030 PB81-117418
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for chloroalkyl ethers. EPA-440/5-80/030. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0322
EPA-440/5-80/031 PB81-117426
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for chlorinated naphthalene. EPA-440/5-80/031. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regula-
tions and Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously pagi-
nated.
0323
EPA-440/5-80/032 PB81-117434
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for chlorinated phenols. EPA-440/5-80/032. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0324
EPA-440/5-80/033 PB81-117442
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for chloroform. EPA-440/5-80/033. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0325
EPA-440/5-80/034 PB81-117459
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for 2-chlorophenol. EPA-440/5-80/034. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0326
EPA-440/5-80/035 PB81-117467
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for chromium. EPA-440/5-80/035. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-46
-------
0327
EPA-440/5-80/036 PB81-117475
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for copper. EPA-440/5-80/036. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0328
EPA-440/5-80/037 PB81-117483
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for cyanides. EPA-440/5-80/037. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0329
EPA-440/5-80/038 PB81-117491
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for DDT. EPA-440/5-80/038. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0330
EPA-440/5-80/039 PB81-117509
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for dichlorobenzenes. EPA-440/5-80/039. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0331
EPA-440/5-80/040 PB81-117517
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for dichlorobenzidine. EPA-440/5-80/040. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0332
EPA-440/5-80/041 PB81-117525
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for dichloroethylene. EPA-440/5-80/041. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, B.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0333
EPA-440/5-80/042 PB81-117533
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for 2,4-dichlorophenol. EPA-440/5-80/042. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-47
-------
0334
EPA-440/5-80/043 PB81-117541
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for dichloropropane and dichloropropene. EPA-440/5-80/
043. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, B.C.; 1980. Variously
paginated.
0335
EPA-440/5-80/044 PB81-117558
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for 2,4-dimethylphenol. EPA-440/5-80/044. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0336
EPA-440/5-80/045 PB81-117566
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for dinitrotoluene. EPA-440/5-80/045. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0337
EPA-440/5-80/046 PB81-117574
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for endosulfan. EPA-440/5-80/046. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0338
EPA-440/5-80/047 PB81-117582
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for endrin. EPA-440/5-80/047. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0339
EPA-440/5-80/048 PB81-117590
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for ethylbenzene. EPA-440/5-80/048. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0340
EPA-440/5-80/049 PB81-117608
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for fluoranthene. EPA-440/5-80/049. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-48
-------
0341
EPA-440/5-80/050 PB81-117616
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for haloethers. EPA-440/5-80/050. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0342
EPA-440/5-80/051 PB81-117624
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality ,
criteria for halomethanes. EPA-440/5-80/051. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0343
EPA-440/5-80/052 PB81-117632
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for heptachlor. EPA-440/5-80/052. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0344
EPA-440/5-80/053 PB81-117640
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for hexachlorobutadiene. EPA-440/5-80/053. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0345
EPA-440/5-80/054 PB81-117657
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for hexachlorocyclohexane. EPA-440/5-80/054. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0346
EPA-440/5-80/055 PB81-117665
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for hexachlorocyclopentadiene. EPA-440/5-80/055.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regu-
lations and Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously pagi-
nated.
0347
EPA-440/5-80/056 PB81-117673
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for isophorone. EPA-440/5-80/056. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-49
-------
0348
EPA-440/5-80/057 PB81-117681
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for lead. EPA-440/5-80/057. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0349
EPA-440/5-80/058 PB81-117699
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for mercury. EPA-440/5-80/058. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0350
EPA-440/5-80/059 PB81-117707
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for naphthalene. EPA-440/5-80/059. Prepared for Effluen-
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0351
EPA-440/5-80/060 PB81-117715
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for nickel. EPA-440/5-80/060. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0352
EPA-440/5-80/061 PB81-117723
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for nitrobenzene. EPA-440/5-80/061. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0353
EPA-440/5-80/062 PB81-117731
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for diphenylhydrazine. EPA-440/5-80/062. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0354
EPA-440/5-80/063 PB81-117749
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for nitrophenols. EPA-440/5-80/063. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0355
EPA-440/5-80/064 PB81-117756
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for nitrosamines. EPA-440/5-80/064. Prepared for
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-50
-------
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0356
EPA-440/5-80/065 PB81-117764
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for pentachlorophenol. EPA-440/5-80/065. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0357
EPA-440/5-80/066 PB81-117772
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for phenol. EPA-440/5-80/066. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0358
EPA-440/5-80/067 PB81-117780
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for phthalate esters. EPA-440/5-80/067. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0359
EPA-440/5-80/068 PB81-117798
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). EPA-440/5-80/
068. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously
paginated.
0360
EPA-440/5-80/069 PB81-117806
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. EPA-440/5-80/
069. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously
paginated.
0361
EPA-440/5-80/070 PB81-117814
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for selenium. EPA-440/5-80/070. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0362
EPA-440/5-80/071 PB81-117822
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for silver. EPA-440/5-80/071. Prepared for Effluent
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-51
-------
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0363
EPA-440/5-80/073 PB81-117830
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for tetrachloroethylene. EPA-440/5-80/073. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0364
EPA-440/5-80/074 PB81-117848
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for thallium. EPA-440/5-80/074. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0365
EPA-440/5-80/075 PB81-117855
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for toluene. EPA-440/5-80/075. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0366
EPA-440/5-80/076 PB81-117863
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for toxaphene. EPA-440/5-80/076. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0367
EPA-440/5-80/077 PB81-117871
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for trichloroethylene. EPA-440/5-80/077. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0368
EPA-440/5-80/078 PB81-117889
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for vinyl chloride. EPA-440/5-80/078. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
0369
EPA-440/5-80/079 PB81-117897
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient water quality
criteria for zinc. EPA-440/5-80/079. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-52
-------
0370
EPA-600/2-80/017 PB80-213143
Little, L., and E.D. Pellizzari. Collection and analysis of
purgeable organics emitted from wastewater treatment plants.
EPA-600/ 2-80/017. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio;
1980. 203 pp.
0371
EPA-600/2-80/043 PB80-173941
Firth, W.J., L.W. Little, E.G. Monnig, and R.A. Zweidinger.
Treatment technology for pesticide manufacturing effluents:
atrazine, maneb, MSMA, and oryzalin. EPA-600/2-80/043. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Washington, B.C.; 1980. 256 pp.
0372
EPA-600/2-80/054 PB80-197569
DeFilippi, R.P., V.J. Kyukonis, M.Modell, and R.J. Robey. Super-
critical fluid regeneration of activated carbon for adsorption of
pesticides. EPA-600/2-80/054. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington,
D.C.; 1980. 187 pp.
0373
EPA-600/2-80/058 PB80-190549
Frankel, I., and E. Juergens. Removal of fluorides from industrial
wastewaters using activated alumina. EPA-600/2-80/058. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1980. 45 pp.
0374
EPA-600/2-80/059 PB80-186026
Goldsmith, R.L., D.C. Grant, J.R. Harland, and K.J. McNulty.
Laboratory and field evaluation of NS-100 reverse osmosis mem-
brane. EPA-600/2-80/059. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
Ohio, 1980; 28 pp.
0375
EPA-600/2-80/060 PB80-195738
Browning, M.E., and R.G. Rice. Ozone for industrial water and
wastewater treatment a literature survey. EPA-600/2-80/060.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Ada, Oklahoma; 1980. 376 pp.
0376 3-139
EPA-600/2-80/064 PB80-197577
King, C.J., and N.L. Ricker. Solvent extraction of wastewaters
from acetic-acid manufacture. EPA-600/2-80/064. Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Ada, Oklahoma; 1980. 171 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-53
-------
0377
EPA-600/2-80/074 PB80-196918
Coleman, R.T.; J.D. Colley, R.F. Klausmeier, and K. Schwitzgebel.
Sources and treatment of wastewater in nonferrous metals in-
dustry. EPA-600/2-80/074. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1980. 160 pp.
0378
EPA-600/2-80/077a PB81-129033
Little, L., E. Monnig, M. Murphy, and R. Zweidinger. Treatabil-
ity studies of pesticide manufacturing wastewaters: Carbaryl.
EPA-600/2-80/077a. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.;
1980. 31 pp.
0379
EPA-600/2-80/096 PB81-144446
Goldsmith, R.L., A.T. Malarkey, and K.J. McNulty. Evaluation of
hot acid treatment for municipal sludge conditioning. EPA-600/
2-80/096. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1980. 162
pp.
0380
EPA-600/2-80/099 PB81-140659
Brown, J.C. Fine solids removal following combined chemical-
trickling filter treatment. EPA-600/2-80/099. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1980. 26 pp.
0381
EPA-600/2-80/112 PB81-142663
Ott, C.R., and B.A. Segall. Monitoring septage addition to
wastewater treatment plants, Volume II. Vacuum filtration of
septage. EPA-600/2-80/112. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1980. 142 pp.
0382
EPA-600/2-80/125 PB80-211469
Bigger, J.M., and J.E. Huff. Cyanide removal from refinery
wastewater using powdered activated carbon. EPA-600/2-80/125.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Ada, Oklahoma; 1980. 101 pp.
0383
EPA-600/2-80/149 PB81-142630
Andrews, D.C., S.E. Esmond, A.C. Petrasek Jr., and H.W. Wolf.
The removal of metals and viruses in advanced wastewater treat-
ment sequences. EPA-600/2-80/149. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-54
-------
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 1980. 239 pp.
0384
EPA-600/4-80/005 PB80-152879
Anderson, C.H., and J.M. Long. Interim method for determining
asbestos in water. EPA-600/4-80/005. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Athens, Georgia, 1980. 34 pp.
0385
EPA-600/4-80/015 PB80-166911
Carreira, L.A., and L.B. Rogers. New liquid chromatographic de-
tection system for environmental pollutants. EPA-600/4-80/015.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Athens, Georgia; 1980. 55 pp.
0386
EPA-600/7-80/006 PB80-137219
Olem, H., and R.F. Unz. Rotating disc biological treatment of
acid mine drainage. EPA-600/7-80/006. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 1980. 115 pp.
0387
EPA-600/7-80/173 PB81-153926
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental, opera-
tional, and economic aspects of thirteen selected energy tech-
nologies. EPA-600/7-80/173. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1980. 223 pp.
0388
EPA-650/2-74/005 PB228-692
Grutzl, J.S., and W.T. McKean. Indigestor black liquor oxidation
for odor control in kraft pulping. EPA-650/2-74/005. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Washington, D.C.; 1974. 113 pp.
0389
EPA-600/2-75/055 PB248-142/As
Rinker, T.L. Treatment of textile wastewater by activated sludge
and alum coagulation. EPA-600/2-75/055. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Washington, D.C.; 1975. 203 pp.
0390
EPA-600/2-76/139 PB253-478/As
Froneberger, C.R., R.S. Noonan, and M.J. Pollock. Treatment of
denim textile mill wastewaters: neutralization and color removal.
EPA-600/2-76/139. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-55
-------
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.;
1976; 105 pp.
0391
EPA-600/2-77/043 P271-990/AS
Loven, A.W., and J.L. Pintenich. Industrial wastewater recircu-
lation system: preliminary engineering. EPA-600/2-77/043.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Washington, D.C.; 1977. Variously
paginated.
0392
EPA-600/2-77/136 PB273-362/As
Muggiolo, A., and J.H. Sayles. Automatic exchange resin pilot
plant for removal of textile dye wastes. EPA-600/2-77/136.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Washington, D.C.; 1977. 54 pp.
0393
EPA-600/2-77/200 PB273-069/As
Brown, D.A., J.H. Mayes, C.J. Romero, and F. Yocum. Treatment of
ammonia plant process condensate effluent. EPA-600/2-77/200.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Washington, D.C.; 1977. 85 pp.
0394
EPA-600/2-77/223 PB279-253
McMreary, J.J., C.J. Murin, and V.L. Snoeyink. Activated carbon
adsorption of the trace organic compounds. EPA-600/2-77/223.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 116 pp.
0395
EPA-600/2-78/011 PB280-563
McDonald, C.W. Removal of toxic metals from metal finishing
wastewater by solvent extraction. EPA-600/2-78/011. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1978. 16 pp.
0396
EPA-600/2-78/032 PB279-572
Barbarika, H.F., and G.M. Monahan. Evaluation of three industrial
particulate scrubbers. EPA-600/2-78/032. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Washington, D.C.; 1978. 88 pp.
0397
EPA-600/2-78/047 PB279-45I/As
Brandon, C.A., J.J. Porter, and D.K. Todd. Hyperfiltration for
renovation of composite wastewater at eight textile finishing
plants. EPA-600/2-78/047. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1978. 237 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-56
-------
0398
EPA-600/2-78/072 PB280-242/AS
Kurbiel, J. Removal of color, detergents, and other refractory
substances from textile wastewater. EPA-600/2-78/072. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Washington, D.C.; 1978. 459 pp.
0399
EPA-600/2-78/079 PB281-276/AS
Eaddy, J.M. , and J.W. Vann. Physical/chemical treatment of
textile finishing wastewater for process reuse. EPA-600/2-78/079.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Washington, D.C.; 1978. 128 pp.
0400
EPA-600/2-78/085 PB283-792
Jasberg, B.K., L.L. Navickis, W.E. Rayford, and R.E. Wing.
Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters using in-
soluble starch xanthate. EPA-600/2-78/085. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1978. 106 pp.
0401
EPA-600/2-78/098 PB285-115
Horning, R.H. Textile dyeing wastewaters: characterization and
treatment. EPA-600/2-78/098. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1978. 292 pp.
0402
EPA-600/2-78/125 PB284-537
Calimag, E.D., M. Sobleman, and K.H. Sweeny. Development of a
DDT manufacturing and processing plant waste treatment system.
EPA-600/2-78/125. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.;
1978. 77 pp.
0403
EPA-600/2-78/127 PB285-434
Elicker, L.N., and R.W. Lacy. Evaporative recovery of chromium
plating rinse waters. EPA-600/2-78/127. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1978. 42 pp.
0404
EPA-600/2-78/165 PB287-129
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Breakpoint chlorination/
activated carbon treatment: effect on volatile halogenated
organics. EPA-600/2-78/165. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1978. 78 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-57
-------
0405
EPA-600/2-78/170 PB288-438
Chen, C., L.S. Directo, and R.P. Miele. Two-stage granular
activated carbon treatment. EPA-600/2-78/170. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1978. 64 pp.
0406
EPA-600/2-78/200 PB288-211
Matthews, J.E. Treatment of petroleum refinery, petrochemical
and combined industrial-municipal wastewaters with activated
carbon. EPA-600/2-78/200. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Ada,
Oklahoma; 1978. 92 pp.
0407
EPA-600/2-79/010 PB295-048
Finn, D.F., and J.D. Stockman. Survey of biological treatment in
the iron and steel industry. EPA-600/2-79/010. Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 23 pp.
0408
EPA-600/2-79/024 PB294-356
Rajan, K.S. Survey of fouling, foam, corrosion, and scaling
control in iron and steel industry recycle systems. EPA-600/
2-79/024. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
44 pp.
0409
EPA-600/2-79/025 P299-184
Huff, L.L., and J.D. Stockman. A cost index for BATEA achieve-
ment by the iron and steel industry. EPA-600/2-79/025. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 39 pp.
0410
EPA-600/2-79/033 P292-758
Mickelson, D.P., Q.A. Narum, and N. Roehne. Disposal of an inte-
grated pulp-paper mill effluent by irrigation. EPA-600/2-79/033.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1979. 119 pp.
0411
EPA-600/2-79/052 PB295-637
Jeffus, H.M. Manual of practice: the disposal of combined
municipal/industrial wastewater residues (metals). EPA-600/
2-79/052. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Ada, Oklahoma; 1979. 31 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-58
-------
0412
EPA-600/2-79/066 PB295-780
McCrodden, B.A. Treatment of refinery wastewater using a filtra-
tion-activated carbon system. EPA-600/2-79/066. Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Ada, Oklahoma; 1979. 80 pp.
0413
EPA-600/2-79/129 PB300-763
Murphy, J.M., and M. Roth. Evaluation of the ultraviolet-ozone
and ultraviolet-oxidant treatment of pink water. EPA-600/
2-79/129. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1979. 30
pp.
0414
EPA-600/2-79/195 PB80-119563
Ko, S.M., and J.A. Tevepaugh. Hyperfiltration processes for
treatment and renovation of textile wastewater. EPA-600/
2-79/195. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 128
pp.
0415
EPA-600/7-79/133 PB297-587
Goldstein, D.J., R.E. Hicks, F.B. Seufert, and I.W. Wei. Waste-
water treatment in coal conversion. EPA-600/7-79/133. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 272 pp.
0416
EPA-600/2-80/041 PB80-175524
Mayfield, R.E., T.N. Sargent, and E.J. Schroeder. Technical and
economic evaluation of BATEA textile guidelines. EPA-600/ 2-80/041
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development Washington, D.C.; 1980. 427 pp.
0417 3-140 5-61
EPA-600/2-80/055 PB80-181886
Brandon, C.A. Closed-cycle textile dyeing: full scale hyper-
filtration demonstration (design). EPA-600/2-80/055. Prepared
for IERL, Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology,
Research Triangle Park, NC; 1980. 103 pp.
0418
EPA-600/7-80/052 PB80-216724
Carstea, D.D., and P.J. Rogoshewski. Evaluation of lime precipita-
tion for treating boiler tube cleaning wastes. EPA-600/7-80/052.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 103 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-59
-------
0419
EPA-600/9-80/012 PB80-176258
Ayer, F.A. Proceedings: first symposium on iron and steel pollu-
tion abatement technology. EPA-600/9-80/012. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 503 pp.
0420
EPA-600/2-76/231 PB265-454
Bursztynsky, T.A., J.D. Crane, R.H. Jones, and J.T. White.
Treating wood preserving plant wastewater by chemical and bio-
logical methods. EPA-600/2-76/231. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 1976. 98 pp.
0421
EPA-600/2-76/252 PB266-574
Bliss, F.R. Papermill wastewater treatment by microstraining.
EPA-600/2-76/252. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio;
1976. 118 pp.
0422
EPA-600/2-76/261 PB265-393
Donnelly, R.G., R.L. Goldsmith, D.C. Grant, K.J. McNulty, and
M.Tan. Treatment of electroplating wastes by reverse osmosis.
EPA-600/ 2-76/261. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio;
1976. 96 pp.
0423
EPA-600/2-77/029C PB269-003
Cobbs, J.H., J.W. Field, W.D. Finley, L.R. Reeder, B.N. Rolfe,
and S.C. Vokurka. Review and assessment of deep-well injection
of hazardous waste. EPA-600/2-77/029c. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 561 pp.
0424
EPA-600/2-77/031 PB279-872
Langlais, R.J., and R.H. Sayers. Removal and recovery of sulfide
from tannery wastewater. EPA-600/2-77/031. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 130 pp.
0425
EPA-600/2-77/038 PB266-929
Moser, J.G. Zinc sludge recycling after .Kastone R treatment of
cyanide-bearing rinse water. EPA-600/2-77/038. Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 30 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-60
-------
0426
EPA-600/2-77/039 PB266-919
Goldsmith, R.L., A.Z, Gollan, and K.J. McNulty. Reverse osmosis
field test: treatment of watts nickel rinse waters. EPA-600/
2-77/039. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 29
pp.
0427
EPA-600/2-77/049 PB267-284
Epstein, A.C., and R.M. Schlauch. Treatment of metal finishing
wastes by sulfide precipitation. EPA-600/2-77/049. Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 76 pp.
0428
EPA-600/2-77/072 PB267-549
Wilson, D.J. Foam flotation treatment of heavy metals and fluoride-
bearing industrial wastewaters. EPA-600/2-77/072. Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 76 pp.
0429
EPA-600/2-77/099 PB271-298
Novotny, C.J., and W.C. Trnka. Innovative rinse-and-recovery
system for metal finishing processes. EPA-600/2-77/099. Pre-
pared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Re-
search and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 25 pp.
0430
EPA-600/2-77/119 PB271-708
Lang, E.W., R.L. Miller, and J.W. Stephens. Activated carbon
treatment of kraft bleaching effluents. EPA-600/2-77/119.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 55 pp.
0431
EPA-600/2-77/127 PB270-090
Peterson, J.C. Closed loop system for the treatment of waste
pickle liquor. EPA-600/2-77/127. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Washington, D.C. 1977. 55 pp.
0432
EPA-600/2-77/161 PB272-688
Bodamer, G.W. Electrodialysis for closed loop control of cyanide
rinse waters. EPA-600/2-77/161. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1977. 35 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-61
-------
0433
EPA-600/2-77/240 PB279-207
Lehr, J.H., and D.L. Warner. An introducton to the technology of
subsurface wastewater injection. EPA-600/2-77/240. Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1977. 345 pp.
0434
EPA-600/2-78/004f PB282-934
Hughes, T.W., and D.R. Tierney. Source assessment: reclaiming
of waste solvents state of the art. EPA-600/2-78/004f. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1978. 54 pp.
0435
EPA-600/2-78/013 PB280-676
Boyle, W.C., and L.B. Polkowski. Biological treatment, effluent
reuse, and sludge handling for the side leather tanning industry.
EPA-600/2-78/013. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio;
1978. 230 pp.
0436
EPA-600/2-78/058 PB284-247
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proceedings of the second
open forum on management of petroleum refinery wastewater.
EPA-600/2-78/058. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Ada, Oklahoma; 1978.
558 pp.
0437
EPA-600/2-78/069 PB280-755
Ahlert, R.C., and F.A. Osamor. Oil/water separation state-of-
the-art. EPA-600/2-78/069. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1978. 97 pp.
0438
EPA-600/7-78/125 PB285-596
Harrison, W., and L.A. Raphaelian. Trace organics variation
across the wastewater treatment system of a class-B refinery.
EPA-600/ 7-78/125. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development; 1978. Variously
paginated.
0439
EPA-600/J-76/105 PB81-129561
Booth, R.L., and M.E. Gales. Automated 4AAP phenolic method.
EPA-600/J-76/105. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Environmental Monitoring and Support Labor-
atory, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1976. 4 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-62
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0440
EPA-560/13-79/013 PB80-128150
Going, J.E., and K. Thomas. Sampling and analysis of selected
toxic substances task I: acrylamide. EPA-560/13-79/013. Pre-
pared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic
Substances, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 39 pp.
0441
EPA-600/2-79/199 PB80-149933
Brimer, R.G., J.R. Denson, and H.E. Green. EPA/IERL-RTP pro-
cedures manual: level 2 sampling and analysis of selected re-
duced inorganic compounds. EPA-600/2-79/199. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Research Triangle Park, N.C.; 1979.
0442
EPA-600/J-79/056 PB80-177793
Shackelford, M.M., and R.G. Webb. Survey analysis of phenolic
compounds in industrial effluents by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry. EPA-600/J-79/056. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Athens,
Georgia; 1979.
0443
EPA-560/11-80/027 PB81-141616
Armstrong, G.I., R.H. Brink, and A. Leifer. Support document
test data development standards, physical/chemical and persis-
tence characteristics: density/relative density, melting temper-
ature, vapor pressure, octanol/water partition coefficient, soil
thin layer chromatography. EPA-560/11-80/027. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Washington, D.C.; 1980.
0444
EPA-600/2-80/047 PB80-142144
Franzen, A.E., J.F. Grutsch, R.Mallatt, and V.G. Skogan. Process-
ing refinery wastewater by coagulation and flotation following
biological oxidation. EPA-600/2-80/047. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Ada, Oklahoma; 1980. 315 pp.
0445
EPA-600/2-80/077C PB81-178840
Monnig, E., and R.A. Zweidinger. Treatability studies of pest-
icide manufacturing wastewaters: dinoseb and atrazine. EPA-600/
2-80/077c. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, N.C.;
1980. 50 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-63
-------
0446
EPA-600/2-80/107 PB81-159386
Geinopolos, A., J. Kane, R. Osantowski, and G. Rollinger.
Physical/ chemical treatment of blast furnace wastewaters using
mobile pilot units. EPA-600/2-80/107. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Research Triangle Park, N.C.; 1980. 342 pp.
0447
EPA-600/2-80/196 PB81-127813
Bishop, D.F. GC/MS methodology for priority organics in munic-
ipal wastewater treatment. EPA-600/2-80/196. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1980.
0448
EPA-600/2-80/210 PB81-129025
Bailey, D.G. Innovative destruction of complex industrial wastes
auto oxidation of tannery beamhouse wastewater. EPA-600/2-80/210.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1980.
0449
EPA-600/8-80/026 PB81-200792
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Industrial wastewater
research summary. EPA-600/8-80/026. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. 35 pp.
0450 3-143 5-62
EPA-600/9-80/046a PB81-124539
Miller, R.D., E.D. Smith, and Y.C. Yu. First national symposium/
workshop on rotating biological contactor technology. EPA-600/
9-80/046a. Prepared for MERL, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 1980.
0451
EPA-600/J-80/004 PB80-184310
Borgwardt, R.H. Combined flue gas desulfurization and water
treatment in coal-fired power plants. EPA-600/J-80/004. Pre-
pared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Re-
search and Development, Research Triangle Park, N.C.; 1980.
0452
EPA-600/J-80/216 PB81-165193
Fassel, V.A., G.D. Flesch, A.L. Gray, R.A. Houk, H.J. Svec.
Inductively coupled argon plasma as an ion source for mass spec-
trometric determination of trace elements. EPA-600/J-80/216.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Athens, Georgia; 1980. 9 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-64
-------
0453
EPA-430/9-81/001 PB81-193625
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Needs survey (1980): cost
estimates for construction of publicly-owned wastewater treatment
facilities. EPA-430/9-81/001. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Facility Requirements Division, Washington,
D.C.; 1981. 99 pp.
0454
EPA-600/1-81/005 PB81-135360
Chappell, W.R., R.H. Shapiro, and R.E. Sievers. The effect of
ozonation of organics in wastewater. EPA-600/1-81/005. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981.
0455
EPA-600/2-81/011 PB81-172744
Beroza, M., and R.L. Caswell. Analytical reference standards and
supplemental data for pesticides and other organic compounds.
EPA-600/2-81/011. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.; 1980. 190 pp.
0456
EPA-600/2-81/019 PB81-150583
Osheka, J.W., A.P. Pajak, and A.J. Shuckrow. Concentration tech-
nologies for hazardous aqueous waste treatment. EPA-600/ 2-81/019
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 358 pp.
0457
EPA-600/2-81/027 PB81-161853
Copeland, L.G., J.D. DiFilippo, and K.M. Peil. Evaluation of
powdered activated carbon for removal of trace organics at New
Orleans, Louisiana. EPA-600/2-81/027. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 85 pp.
0458
EPA-600/2-81/040 PB81-172272
Jarnis, R.N. J.P. Long, and E.L. Stover. High-level ozone dis-
infection of municipal wastewater effluents. EPA-600/2-81/040.
Prepared by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 106 pp.
0459
EPA-600/2-81/043 PB81-172637
Condren, A.J., R.L. Walden, and B.K. Wallin. Removal of phenolic
compounds from wood preserving wastewaters. EPA-600/2-81/043.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 150 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-65
-------
0460
EPA-600/2-81/046 PB81-172306
DeWalle, F.B., J.B. Hatlen, D.M. Norman, J.F.C. Sung, T. and
Zeisig. Analytical methods evaluation for applicability in
leachate analysis. EPA-600/2-81/046. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 340 pp.
0461
EPA-600/2-81/053 PB81-206021
Geinopolos, A., R. Osantowski, and G. Rollinger. Physical/Chemical
treatment of coke plant wastewater. EPA-600/2-81/053. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Research Triangle Park, N.C.; 1981. 207 pp.
0462
EPA-600/2-81/056 PB81-185621
Cooke, W.M., and J.W. Meuser. Fate of semivolatile priority
pollutants in a wastewater treatment plant. EPA-600/2-81/056.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 62 pp.
0463
EPA-600/2-81/057 PB81-187197
Pirbazari, M., and W.J. Weber. Effectiveness of activated carbon
for removal of toxic and/or carcinogenic compounds from water
supplies. EPA-600/2-81/057. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
Ohio; 1981. 392 pp.
0464
EPA-600/2-81/064 PB81-190928
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Electroplating wastewater
sludge characterization. EPA-600/2-81/064. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 97 pp.
0465
EPA-600/2-81/067 P81-199374
Burks, S.L. Evaluation of the effectiveness of granular acti-
vated carbon adsorption and aquaculture for removing toxic com-
pounds from treated petroleum refinery effluents. EPA-600/
2-81/067. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Ada, Oklahoma; 1980. 72 pp.
0466
EPA-600/2-81/078 PB81-196776
Beckmann, D.D., P.H. Boenig, W.A. Chudyk, V.L. Snoeyink, and T.J.
Temperly. Bench scale evaluation of resins and activated carbons
for water purification. EPA-600/2-81/078. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 62 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-66
-------
0467
EPA-600/2-81/079 PB81-196784
Oulman, C. Trace organics removal using activated carbon and
polymeric adsorbents. EPA-600/2-81/079. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 53 pp.
0468
EPA-600/4-81/017 PB81-172629
Cramer, P., A. Drinkwine, H. Miller, A. Shan, and G. Trischan.
Development of analytical test procedures for organic pollutants
in wastewater application to pesticides. EPA-600/4-81/017.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 90 pp.
0469
EPA-600/4-81/043 PB81-218315
Foerst, D.L. An evaluation of the Hewlett-Packard 5993B gas
chromatograph-mass spectrometer. EPA-600/4-81/043. Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 53 pp.
0470
EPA-600/7-81/017 PB81-163305
Chang, J.C.S. Effect of scrubbing operating conditions on adipic
acid degradation. EPA-600/7-81/017. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Research Triangle Park, N.C.; 1981. 29 pp.
0471
EPA-600/7-81/029
Harris, J.C., C.E,
PB81-179855
Rechsteiner, D.J. Sorlin, and K.E. Thrun.
Methods for level 2 analysis by organic compound category.
EPA-600/7-81/ 029. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.; 1981. 326 pp.
0472
EPA-600/7-81/033 PB81-172645
Grandt, A.F., and D.G. McDonald. Limestone-Lime treatment of
acid mine drainage-full scale. EPA-600/7-81/033. Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 205 pp.
0473
EPA-600/7-81/081 PB81-187288
Hoeflein, J.R., J.R. Klieve, and G.D. Rawlings. Assessment of
oil shale retort wastewater treatment and control technology:
phases I and II. EPA-600/7-81/081. Prepared for U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 100 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
V.6-67
-------
0474
EPA-600/J-81/004 PB81 185704
Coleman, W.E., F.C. Kopfler, R.G. Melton, R.W. Slater, and S.J.
Voto. Determination of organic contaminants by the grob closed-
loop-stripping technique. EPA-600/J-81/004. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, Ohio; 1981. 9 pp.
0475
40 CFR 264 PB81 190001
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Standards applicable to
owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and
disposal facilities under RCRA (Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act), subtitle C, section 3004; standards for inspection
(40 CFR 264.15) and interim status standards for inspection (40
CFR 265.15). Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 26 pp.
0476
EPA-600/S2-81/228
Haugh, Richard, Salar Niku, E.D. Schroeder, and George Tchobanoglous,
Performance of trickling filter plants: reliability, stability
and variability. EPA-600/S2-81/228. Prepared for MERL, Office
of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.; 1981.
0477
EPA-600/S2-81/231
James, Stephen C., and C.J. Touhill. Barrel and drum recondition-
ing industry assessment. EPA-600/S2-81/231. Prepared for MERL,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1981.
0478
Contract No. 68-01-5052
JRB Associates. Assessment of the impacts of industrial dis-
charges on publicly owned treatment works. Appendices included
68-01-5052. Prepared for USEPA, Office of Water Enforcement;
1981.
0479
U.S. General Accounting Office. EPA slow in controlling PCB's.
Dec. 30, 1981.
0480
Committee on Energy and Commerce. Ocean-based incineration of
hazardous wastes. Hearing notes from Committee Ninety-Seventh
Congress. February 11, 1981. Serial No. 97-47.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-68
-------
0481
Ott, Charles R., and Burton A. Segall. Vacuum filtration of
septage. Journal WPCF Vol. 54, No. 1 January 1981.
0482
Davis, John R., J.G. Lopez, J.W. McCutchan, and M.K. Stenstrom.
Municipal wastewater reclamation by reverse osmosis - a three
year study. Journal WPCF Vol. 54, No. 1. January 1981.
0483
Parker, Clinton E. Surrogate parameter analysis for organic
priority pollutants. Journal WPCF Vol. 54, No. 1. January 1981.
0484
Cravens, Joe Bob, and M.E. Harrelson. Use of microscreens to
polish lagoon effluents. Journal WPCF Vol. 54, No. 1. January
1981.
0485
EPA-600/J-75/002 PB80-196934
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Reprint: interlaboratory
study of the cold vapor technique for total mercury. EPA-600/
J-75/002. 1980.
0486
EPA-600/J-78/154 PB80-135163
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Reprint: application of
high temperature hyperfiltration to unit textile process for
direct recycle. EPA-600/J-78/154. 1980.
0487
EPA-600/J-78/176 PB81-129942
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Venturi scrubber per-
formance model. EPA-600/J-78/176. 1981.
0488
Regional issue identification and assessment program (RIIA) a
methodology for analyzing the water quality of cooling tower
blowdown. 1979.
0489
EPA-450/4-80/015 PB81-119455
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Volatile organic compounds
(VOC) species data manual. 2nd Edition. EPA-450/4-80/015.
1981.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-69
-------
0490
EPA-600/2-80/181 PB81-148587
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Analytical methodology for
the determination of chlorophenols in human and environmental
samples. EPA-600/2-80/181. 1980.
0491
EPA-600/2-80/189 PB81-106593
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Minimizing the pollution
impact of kraft pulping through oxygen bleaching. EPA-600/
2-80/189. Prepared for IERL, Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
0492
EPA-600/7-80/069
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Program status report oil
shale 1980 update. EPA-600/7-80/069. Prepared for Office of
Environmental Engineering and Technology, Washington, D.C.; 1980.
0493
EPA-905/4-80/008 PB81-155269
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Volatile organic compound
emissions from solvent cleaning operations in the state of Illinois.
EPA-905/4-80/008. 1980.
0494
U.S. National Science Foundation. Final report to the National
Science Foundation high energy electron treatment of wastewater
liquid residuals. Prepared by Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology; 1980. 354 pp.
0495
EPA-600/2-81/009 PB81-135378
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Assessment of organic
emission in the flexible packaging industry. EPA-600/2-81/009.
1981.
0496
EPA-600/2-81/026 PB81-157943
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission of VOC from
drum-mix asphalt plants. EPA-600/2-81/026. 1981.
0497
EPA-600/S2-81/196
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project summary evaluation
of a treatment lagoon for combined sewer overflow. EPA-600/S2-81/
196. 1981.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-70
-------
0498
Garvey, Charlotte. Controlling PBC's, a new approach. EPA Journal
1981.
0499
Cost-effectiveness analysis for on-site wastewater treatment
alternatives. 1982.
0500
EPA-600/2-79/184 PB80-105166
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Treatment of organic
chemical manufacturing wastewater for reuse. EPA-600/2-79/184.
1979.
0501
U.S. Department of Commerce. Standard industrial classification
(SIC) manual 1972. Prepared for Executive Office of the President,
Office of Management and Budget, Washington, D.C.; 1972.
0502 3-138
EPA-440/1-82/007
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the in-
organic chemicals manufacturing point source category. EPA-440/
1-82/007. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1982.
0503
EPA-440/1-82/022
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the textile
mills point source category. EPA-440/1-82/022. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.;
1982. 509 pp.
0504 3-132
EPA-440/1-82/024
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the iron
and steel manufacturing point source category; general. EPA-440/
1-82/024. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C.; Volume I;
1982. 600 pp.
0505 3-133
EPA-440/1-82/024
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the iron
and steel manufacturing point source category; cokemaking, sinter-
ing, iron making. EPA-440/1-82/024. Prepared for Effluent
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-71
-------
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; Volume II; 1982. 435 pp.
0506 3-134
EPA-440/1-82/024
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the iron
and steel manufacturing point source category; steelmaking,
vacuum degassing, continuous casting. EPA-440/1-82/024. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regu-
lations and Standards, Washington, D.C.; Volume III; 1982. 468
pp.
0507 3-135
EPA-440/1-82/024
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development document
for effluent.limitations guidelines and standards for the iron
and steel manufacturing point source category; hot forming.
EPA-440/1-82/024. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, B.C.;
Volume IV; 1982. 367 pp.
0508 3-136
EPA-440/1-82/024
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the iron
and steel manufacturing point source category; salt bath descaling,
acid pickling. EPA-440/1-82/024. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washing-
ton, D.C.; Volume V; 1982. 505 pp.
0509 3-137
EPA-440/1-82/024
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development document
for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the iron
and steel manufacturing point source category; cold forming,
alkaline cleaning, hot coating. EPA-440/1-82/024. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; Volume VI; 1982. 591 pp.
0510 1-46* 2-38* 3-130
EPA-440/l-82/061b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the ore mining and dressing point source category. EPA-440/
l-82/061b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water, Washington, D.C.; 1982.
0511 1-37* 2-69
EPA-440/l-82/075b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the
electrical and electronic components point source category.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-72
-------
EPA-440/l-82/075b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water, Washington, D.C.; 1982.
0512 1-39* 2-22*
EPA-440/l-82/091b
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the metal finishing point source category. EPA-440/l-82/091b.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1982.
0513
Sturino, Emilo. Analysis of hazardous pollutants. Pollution
Engineering, February 1982.
0514
PB 82 166984, 166976
Compendium on low and non-waste technology, monographs, Volumes I
and II. Economic Commission for Europe. February 1982.
0515
No. 68-01-6462
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development document
for effluent limitations guidelines for the electrical and elec-
tronic components point source category. Contract No. 68-01-6462.
Prepared for Richard Kinch and David Pearson, USEPA. 1982.
0516
No. 68-03-3038
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cost of environmental
control technologies granular activated carbon applications in
water and wastewater treatment. Contract No. 68-03-3038. Pre-
pared for IERL; 1982.
0517
Longley, K.E., B.E. Moore, and C.A. Sorber. Disinfection effi-
ciencies of chlorine and chlorine dioxide in a gravity flow
contactor. Journal WPCF, Volume 54, No. 2. February 1982.
0518
EPA-905/2-81/003
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Economics of BAT - equiva-
lent control technologies, draft manual. EPA-905/2-81/003.
1982.
0519
Contract No. 68-01-5052
Calmon, C., J. Casana, H. Gold, WPA. Ion exchange and resin
adsorption data for the removal of toxic contaminants from waste-
waters. Contract No. 68-01-5052. Prepared for IERL, Cincinnati,
OH; March 1982.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-73
-------
0520
Contract No. 68-01-5052
Calmon, C., J. Casana, H. Gold, WPA. Ion exchange and resin
adsorption data for the removal of toxic contaminants from waste-
waters. Contract No. 68-01-5052. Prepared for IERL, Cincinnati,
OH; Sept. 1982.
0521
Contract Nos. 68-02-3153 and 68-02-2689
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 1624 volatile
organic compounds by purge and trap isotope dilution GC-MS,
Method 1625 semivolatile organic compounds by isotope dilution
GC-MS, isotope dilution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry
for the determination of priority pollutants in industrial
effluents. Contract Nos. 68-02-3153 and 68-02-2689. Prepared
for USEPA. 1982.
0522
Kobayashi, H., and B.E. Rittmann. Microbial removal of hazardous
organic compounds. Environmental Science Technology, Volume 16,
No. 3. 1982.
0523
Lane, D.A. Mobile mass spectrometry. Environmental Science
Technology, Volume 16, No. 1. 1982
0524
Contract No. 68-01-5772
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Toxicity of leather tanning
and finishing wastewaters internal working report. Contract No.
68-01-5772. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Cincinnati, OH; 1982. 39 pp.
0525
Contract No. 68-01-5772
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Toxicity of leather tanning
and finishing wastewaters final report-appendices. Contract No.
68-01-5772. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, OH; 1982.
0526
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final report,, toxicity
reduction manual for the textile manufacturing industry. Pre-
pared for IERL, Office of Research and Development, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.; 1982.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-74
-------
0527
Brueggemann, G., Y.J. Feng, A.F. Gaudy, Jr., and E.T. Gaudy.
Treatment of cyanide waste by the extended aeration process.
Journal WPCF, Volume 54, No. 2. February 1982.
0528
Boelter, D.H., D.S. Nichols. Treatment of secondary sewage
effluent with a peat-sand filter bed. Journal of Environmental
Quality, Volume II, No. 1. 1982.
0529
Seminar for analytical methods for priority pollutants. April 9,
1981. Held in Hershey PA, 1981.
0530
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Energy.
Solid wastes, sludges and residual materials: monitoring,
technology and management international conference. 1981. 352
pp.
0531
Contract No. 68-03-2579
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Laboratory studies of
priority pollutant treatability. Contract No. 68-03-2579.
Prepared for IERL by Walk, Haydell and Associates, Inc. 1981.
0532
Kenson, Robert E. Rotary kiln incinerators for sludge disposal.
Pollution Engineering, December, 1981.
0533
Refinery wastewater priority pollutant study-sample analysis and
evaluation of data. Prepared for Environmental Affairs Depart-
ment, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C.; 1981.
0534
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Paragraph 8 exclusions
USEPA. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division/ Office of
Water, Washington, D.C.; 1981.
0535
PB81 199176
Department of Energy. Determination of phenolic compounds in
alternate fuel matrices. Final report. Prepared for National
Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1981.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-75
-------
0536
EPA-600/S1-81/005
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The effect of ozonation of
organics in wastewater. EPA-600/S1-81/005. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division; 1981.
0537
EPA-600/S2-81/027
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluaton of powdered
activated carbon for removal of trace organics at New Orleans,
Louisiana. EPA-600/S2-81/027. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division; 1981.
0538
EPA-600/S2-81/032
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Biodegradation and carbon
adsorption of carcinogenic and hazardous organic compounds.
EPA-600/S2-81/032. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division;
1981.
0539
EPA-600/S2-81/037
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report of the interagency
ad hoc work group for the chemical waste incineration ship program.
EPA-600/S2-81/037. Prepared for USEPA; 1981.
0540
EPA-600/S2-81/043 PB81-172637
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Removal of phenolic com-
pounds from wood preserving wastewaters. EPA-600/S2-81/043.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division; 1981.
0541
EPA-600/S2-81/044a PB81-178303
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Offshore platform hazardous
waste incineration facility. Feasibility study summary. EPA-600/
S2-81/044a. Prepared for IERL, Research Triangle Park, NC; 1981.
0542
EPA-600/S2-81/053 PB81-206021
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Physical/chemical treat-
ment of coke plant wastewater. EPA-600/S2-81/053. Prepared for
IERL, Research Triangle Park, NC; 1981.
0543
EPA-600/S2-81/064 PB81-190928
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Electroplating wastewater
sludge characterization. EPA-600/S2-81/064. Prepared for IERL,
Cincinnati, OH; 1981.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-76
-------
0544
EPA-600/S2-81/067 PB81-199374
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluation of the effec-
tiveness of granular activated carbon adsorption and aquaculture
for removing toxic compounds from treated petroleum refinery
effluents. EPA-600/S2-81/067. Prepared for RSKERL, Ada, OK;
1981.
0545
EPA-600/S2-81/086
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluation of ion exchange
technology for toxic and non-conventional pollutant reduction in
bleach plant effluents. EPA-600/S2-81/086. 1981.
0546
EPA-600/S2-81/169
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Wastewater dechlorination
state-of-the-art field survey and pilot studies. EPA-600/S2-81/169
1981.
0547
EPA-600/8-79/018
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A standard procedure for
cost analysis of pollution control operations, Volume I. User
guide, Volume II, appendices. EPA-600/8-79/018. Prepared for
IERL, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park,
NC; 1979.
0548
EPA-600/S2-81/229
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Performance testing of the
diperna sweeper. EPA-600/S2-81/229. Prepared for MERL, Office
of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1981.
0549
EPA-600/S7-81/033
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Limestone - lime treatment
of acid mine drainage - full scale. EPA-600/S7-81/033. 1981.
0550
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Liquid chromatograph/mass
spectrometer interface with continuous sample preconcentration.
Published in Analytical Chemistry 53, February 1981. pp. 171-174.
0551
EPA-600/2-81/228 PB82-108143
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Performance of trickling
filter plants: reliability, stability and variability final
report. EPA-600/2-81/228. Prepared for MERL, Office of Research
and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1981. Ill pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-77
-------
0552
EPA-600/2-81/001a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental assessment
of the at sea incineration of liquid silvex. Interim report.
EPA-600/2-81/OOla. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and
Development, Research Triangle Park, NC; 1981.
0553
Freilich, Danielle. Treatment of bleach effluents by dynamic
membrane ultrafiltration, part 1. Prepared for Swedish Water and
Air Pollution Research Institute. 1980.
0554
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Seminar for analytical
methods for priority pollutants, Norfolk, VA. Prepared for Office
of Water Programs, Washington, D.C.; 1980.
0555
LCCCN 77-91024
Modern pollution control technology, volume II, water pollution
control, solid waste disposal. Prepared for Staff of Research
and Education Association, New York, NY; 1980.
0556
Perry, R.H., and C.H. Chilton, eds. Chemical engineers' handbook.
5th edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY; 1973.
0557
U.S. Department of the Interior. Adsorption of heavy metal ions
by xanthed sawdust. Prepared for the Bureau of Mines; 1980.
0558
Bissonnette, G.K., C.R. Jenkins, P.B. Huff, and G.W. Gillespie.
Aerobic-media trickling filter for nitrogen control in wastewater
treatment. Water Research Institute, West Virginia University;
1980.
0559
EPA-600/PS7-80/128
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water filtration control
to achieve mine water pollution control - the Dents Run watershed
demonstration project. EPA-600/PS7-80/128. 1980.
0560
EPA-600/S2-80/107
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Physical/chemical treat-
ment of blast furnace wastewaters using mobile pilot units.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-78
-------
EPA-600/S2-80/107. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
0561
EPA-600/S2-80/196
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. GC/MS methodology for
measuring priority organics in municipal wastewater treatment.
EPA-600/S2-80/196. Prepared for MERL, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
0562
EPA-600/S2-80/210
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Innovative destruction of
complex industrial wastes-auto oxidation of tannery beamhouse
wastewater. EPA-600/S2-80/210. Prepared for IERL, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
0563
ENR index history. Engineering News-Record, 208 No. 11, March
18, 1982. pp. 116-123.
0564
EPA-600/2-80/161
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Truck washing terminal
water pollution control. EPA-600/2-80/161. Prepared for IERL,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980. 81 pp.
0565
EPA-600/2-80/147
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Waste activated sludge
processing. EPA-600/2-80/147. Prepared for MERL, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
0566
EPA-600/2-80/139
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Sulfide precipitation of
heavy metals. EPA-600/2-80/139. Prepared for IERL, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980. 106 pp.
0567
EPA-600/2-80/138
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Foam flotation treatment
of industrial wastewaters, laboratory pilot scale. EPA-600/2-80/
138. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
0568
EPA-600/2-80/084
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluation of reverse
osmosis membranes for treatment of electroplating rinsewater.
EPA-600/2-80/084. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980. 43 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-79
-------
0569
Aries, R.S., and R.D. Newton. _In Uhl, 1979. Chemical engi-
neering cost estimation. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New
York, NY; 1955. 263 pp.
0570
EPA-600/2-80/077a PB81-129033
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Treatability studies of
pesticide manufacturing wastewaters: dazomet EPA-600/2-80/077a.
Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and Development, Research
Triangle Park, NC; 1980.
0571
EPA-600/2-80/052
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluation of sorbents for
industrial sludge leachate treatment. EPA-600/2-80/052. Pre-
pared for IERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
OH; 1980. 48 pp.
0572
EPA-600/2-80/003
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Upgrading primary tanks
with rotating biological contactors. EPA-600/2-80/003. Prepared
for MERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH;
1980.
0573
EPA-600/2-80/005
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluation of full-scale
tertiary wastewater filters. EPA-600/2-80/005. Prepared for
MERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
0574
EPA-600/2-80/006
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Performance evaluation of
the aerated lagoon system at North Gulfport, Mississippi. EPA-600/
2-80/006. Prepared for MERL, Office of Research and Development,
Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
0575
EPA-530/SW-867C PB81-166340
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluating cover systems
for solid and hazardous waste (draft). EPA/530/SW-867c. Pre-
pared for MERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
OH; 1980. 57 pp.
0576
EPA-530/SW-868C PB81-166332
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Hydrologic simulation on
solid waste disposal sites. EPA-530/SW-868c. Prepared for MERL,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980. Ill pp.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-80
-------
0577
EPA-530/SW-869c PB81-166357
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Landfill and surface
impoundment performance evaluation manual (draft). EPA-530/SW-869c
Prepared for MERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
OH; 1980. 63 pp.
0578
EPA-530/SW-870C PB81-166365
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Lining of waste impoundment
and disposal facilities (draft). EPA-530/SW-870c. Prepared for
MERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
385 pp.
0579
EPA-530/SW-872 PB81-181505
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guide to the disposal of
chemically stabilized and solidified waste (draft). EPA-530/SW-872
Prepared for MERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
OH; 1980. 114 pp.
0580
EPA-530/SW-873 PB81-166894
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Closure of hazardous waste
surface impoundments (draft). EPA-530/SW-873. Prepared for
MERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
103 pp.
0581
EPA-530/SW-871 PB81-189359
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Management of hazardous
waste leachate (draft). EPA-530/SW-871. Prepared for MERL,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980. 464 pp.
0582
EPA-440/1-80/301
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Fate of priority pollutants
in publicly owned treatment works. EPA-400/1-80/301. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste
Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 180 pp.
0583
EPA-440/1-80/103
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Treatability studies for
the inorganic chemicals manufacturing point source category.
EPA-440/1-80/103. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980.
0584
No. 68-01-3852
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water-related environmental
fate of 129 priority pollutants. Contract No. 68-01-3852.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-81
-------
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and
Waste Management, Washington, B.C.; Volumes II - VI; 1979.
0585
Standard industrial classification (SIC) codes. U.S. Department
of Commerce/National Bureau of Standards. 15 August 1979.
0586
Peters, M.S., and K.D. Timmerhaus. Plant design and economics for
chemical engineers. 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New
York, NY; 1968. 850 pp.
0587
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Seminar for analytical
methods for priority pollutants. Norfolk, VA; March 1979.
0588
Pilot plant study for the American Bottoms Regional Wastewater
Treatment Facility. Prepared by Russel and Axon, Inc.; 1979.
95 pp.
0589
Stover, Enos L. Removal of volatile organics from contaminated
groundwater. Groundwater Monitoring Review, Fall 1982, Volume
2, No. 4; pp. 57-62.
0590
Minear, Roger A., and James W. Patterson. Pretreatment of metals
for discharge into POTWs. February 1979.
0591
EPA-600/2-79/104 PB299 132
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Symposium proceedings:
textile industry technology. EPA-600/2-79/104. Prepared for
IERL, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park,
NC; 1979.
0592 1-66
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pharmaceutical manufactur-
ing, plant data. Effluent Guidelines Division, Public Record,
Washington, D.C.; 1978/1979.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-82
-------
0593
EPA-600/2-79/175
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Indicatory fate study.
EPA-600/ 2-79/175. Prepared for RSKERL, Office of Research and
Development, Ada, OK; 1979. 93 pp.
0594
EPA-600/4-79/064
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Automated measurements of
infrared spectra of chromatographically separated fractions.
EPA-600/4-79/064. Prepared for Environmental Research Labora-
tory, Office of Research and Development, Athens, GA; 68 pp.
0595
EPA-600/2-79/204 PB80 125909
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Coagulation and precipita-
tion of selected metal ions from aqueous solution. EPA-600/
2-79/204. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and Development,
Research Triangle Park, NC; 1979.
0596
EPA-600/2-79/185 PB80-1187706
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cost effectiveness model
for pollution control at coking facilities. EPA-600/2-79/185.
1979.
0597 3-128
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Data gathered for ORD
treatability manual for leather tanning and finishing industry.
USEPA EGD, June 1982. Variously paginated.
0598 3-129
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Hazardous waste.
40 CFR Parts 122, 260, 264, 265. July 26, 1982.
0599 3-131
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Industrial site visit
sheets (on record), gum and wood chemicals manufacturing.
Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1978.
0600 3-141
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Industrial site
visit sheets (on record), iron and steel manufacturing.
Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1978-1979.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-83
-------
0601 3-142
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Industrial site visit
sheets (on record) inorganic chemicals manufacturing. Effluent
Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1978.
0602 2-72
Miskimen, Thomas A. 1982 Letter, Thomas A. Miskimen, Utility
Water Act Group, to William A. Cawley USEPA, 8 December 1982.
4 pp.
0603
EPA-600/2-78/130 PB-286210
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Aircraft industry waste-
water recycling. EPA-600/2-78/130. Prepared for IERL, Office of
Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1978. 130 pp.
0604
No. 68-03-2766 PB81-189359
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Management of hazardous
waste leachate. Contract No. 68-03-2766. Prepared for MERL,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
Variously paginated.
0605 2-71
Jordan, J. William. 1975. Memorandum, J. William Jordan EGD, to
Bruce P. Smith, 17 June 1975. 4 pp.
0606 2-68
Gile, Rexford R. 1982 Letter, Rexford R. Gile EGD, to Robert P.
Stevens, WAPORA, 4 Nov. 1982, 1 p.
0607 2-70
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Supplement to the addendum
to development document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards of performance for the ore mining and dressing point
source category-chemical analyses data supplement B-l. Prepared
for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste
Management, Washington, D.C.; 1978.
0608 2-56
40CFR125
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effluent guidelines and
standards for steam electric power generating point source category
40CFR125 and 423, 47FR52290, Nov. 19, 1982.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-84
-------
0609
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contractors engineering
report, analysis of organic chemicals and plastic/synthetic
fibers industries, toxic pollutants, Appendix L: computerized
wastewater treatment model-technical documentation. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 16 November 1981.
520 pp.
0610
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Detailed cost documenta-
tion for the USEPA cost model. Prepared for USEPA Effluent
Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C. by Catalytic, Inc. [This
reference includes the following files from the Public Record for
the Organic Chemicals/Plastic and Synthetic Fibers Effluent
Guidelines Rulemaking: Books I, III Part I, IV Part II, and V
Part III, Equipment Sizing Calculations, 1978/1979, pp. 608000-
609309; Backup for Unit Operations Costs, Parts I and II (no
date), pp. 616468-617183; USEPA Guidelines Cost Estimates SES (no
date), pp. 616001-616312; USEPA EF 650 Cost Program Listing (no
date), USEPA Cost Model, no pagination; Operating Cost File,
1980, USEPA Cost Model, no pagination; and Capital Cost Curve
File (no date), USEPA Cost Model, no pagination.]
0611 2-73 5-63
Utility Water Act Group. 1982. Utility Water Act Group Comments
on the draft revised treatability manual, 14 July 1982. Variously
paginated.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 V.6-85
-------
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V.7 METHODS FOR SAMPLING, ANALYSIS AND
STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF DATA
V.7.1 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the Treatability Manual is to incorporate into one
readily accessible and easily used source the readily available
data on the occurrence and removability of toxic pollutants from
wastewater streams. It is an equally important objective of the
data collection and presentation effort to identify and ade-
quately characterize the protocols utilized in the development of
data that are incorporated into this Manual. The purpose of this
section is to describe the factors that are critical in the data
development process, to ensure that all users have the necessary
support information to adequately interpret the significance of
the incorporated data.
The Treatability Manual is designed to be updateable. This
applies to the toxic pollutant data collected and to the infor-
mation collected that describes the data development protocols
(e.g., sampling, analyses). The protocol for developing precise
and accurate data on toxic pollutants in wastewater has evolved
considerably in the last few years. This is discussed to some
extent in Section V.7.2, to allow a better understanding of the
usefulness as well as limits of the data. The discussion also
addresses the analytic methods that are available, mainly to the
extent of presenting a basic description of the most generally
used techniques. The discussion also provides a basis for better
understanding the reasons for qualification of analytic results.
Brief descriptions of the protocols utilized in the preparation
of data are presented for each industry discussed in Volume II.
This industry-specific basis is consistent with the general
organization of the Manual. The presentation and discussion of
the protocols for the data in the Manual are organized according
to the sets of data that were collected. The basis for this is
that data collected for one program usually can be characterized
by a protocol followed in the program. As used here, "data set"
is a non-rigorous term that is used to describe a collection of
analytical information that was obtained by similar sampling,
analysis, and statistical interpretations, usually for waste-
waters from one industry.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-1
-------
V.7.2 SAMPLING, ANALYTIC, AND STATISTICAL PROTOCOLS
The analytical data base development by USEPA for toxic waste-
water pollutants in general was to proceed in two phases. The
initial phase typically examined a limited number of wastewater
streams (e.g., influent to and effluent from the treatment
facility) at a processing plant. The usual objective was to
qualitatively determine, with approximate quantification in a
limited sampling program, which of the 129 priority pollutants
were present. This "screening" would limit the number of pollut-
ants considered during the subsequent stages of the program,
thereby reducing the analytical cost.
The second phase generally quantified the pollutant concentra-
tions and the performance of the treatment system. Where possible,
this phase used the information obtained during the screening
phase to: (1) limit the specific pollutants to be searched for
to those identified as being present or possibly present, and (2)
identify the best analytic techniques to quantify the pollutants
(e.g., sample preparation, detection equipment).
Some significant aspects of the protocols used by USEPA are
discussed in the next sections.
V.7.2.1 Sampling
Sampling industrial wastewaters requires that special precautions
be taken to ensure that collected samples are representative of
the wastewaters. The data collection program in support of the
development of toxic pollutant control guidelines by the EPA
Effluent Guidelines Division (EGD) followed the recommended
procedure for sampling and analysis of industrial wastewaters
[5-36].
Sampling programs were designed to meet the objectives of the
study. For example, screening surveys may have involved grab
samples, one day composite samples, or 72-hour composite samples.
A verification study normally would consist of at least three
days of sampling; in many cases, one of the day samples would be
split for duplicate analysis. Longer-term sampling programs were
also used when assessment of variability of pollutant loads was a
major objective.
A specific sampling arrangement included as variables the number
of sample points, the duration of the sample collection effort
(number of days), the type of sample collected (grab or compos-
ite), the frequency of sampling (e.g., 15 minute interval, hourly,
per batch), and the field handling of samples for preservation
and shipping. Required handling of samples in the field included
tasks such as sample splitting, preparation of field blanks, and
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-2
-------
preparation of field spikes. Sample splitting represents a
division of the sample into two or more portions for parallel
analysis by independent laboratories. Splits may be developed
for duplicate analysis (e.g., by EPA and the facility) or
analysis of specific fractions (e.g., metals, organics). Field
blanks represent water samples of known composition that are
prepared in the field and handled in a manner similar to the
other samples. These are used as a means of characterizing the
contamination that occurs during the sample handling. Field
spikes represent the addition of a known quantity of material to
the sample in the field. The subsequent analysis of a field
spike will identify the changes which occur due to the effect of
sample instability as well as the effects due to the analytic
method used in the laboratory. The stability effects can be
determined by comparing the results of a field spike to the
results of a laboratory spike (the laboratory spike characterizes
the method effects only).
M.I.2.2 Analysis - General
The basic premise in the development of analytical chemistry
techniques is that by establishing a rigorous protocol for the
handling and analysis of the sample, the test results will be
representative of the true concentration of the tested species
within certain, well-defined statistical limits. The chemist may
report the value measured in terms of a range, but it is common
to present only one value.
The analysis of toxic pollutants in industrial wastewaters is
complicated because the chemical nature of the sample may not be
known and there usually are a large number of pollutants present.
The relative levels and types of priority pollutants may vary at
a plant from day-to-day, or even from one shift to another. An
analytical method perfectly suited to one wastewater matrix may
be less effective in a different matrix, despite the fact that
'the same priority pollutants, or a similar combination, are being
analyzed. However, an industrial category where a relatively
invariant wastewater is characteristic may not present this problem.
Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) during the analysis
of toxic pollutants is required to ensure that all results have
been developed using accepted methods and that the quality of the
resulting measurements can be estimated. The quality of a par-
ticular method is characterized by estimates of the precision of
the measurement and the accuracy of any such measurement. (Pre-
cision refers to the refinement with which a measurement can be
determined. Accuracy refers to the degree to which the measure-
ment conforms to the true concentration within the sample at the
time of analysis). Validation of a measurement requires valida-
tion of the method by determining both the multiple laboratory
operational precision and the pooled single operator precision.
Also required is self-validation of the particular method in a
given laboratory.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 V.7-3
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Precision determinations require that replicate analyses be per-
formed so that statistical limits can be developed. Replicate
analyses may be performed on aliguots (portions) of the sample to
determine the range of analytical results.
Accuracy can be estimated by a series of analyses that use spiked
samples. The sample can be divided into two aliquots, a known
concentration of the material added to one sample (spiked sample),
and the analyses performed. The test can then be interpreted to
identify the "recovery" of the material as follows:
(Amount in (Amount in
% Recovery = Spiked Sample) - Unspiked Sample) x 100
(Amount of Spike)
The assumption is that the spike is recovered to the same extent
that the material in the unspiked sample is recovered. By sub-
tracting from the spike sample the contribution of the material
in the sample, and dividing this by the total added spike, the
resulting recovery represents the accuracy with which the measure-
ment reflected the true concentration of the material.
The recovery estimate developed using the spike method may vary
depending on the basis of the spike. For example, a recovery
estimate developed using a field spike will represent the re-
covery of the material where the factors considered include (1)
the stability of the material during sample handling, shipping,
and storage; (2) the extraction or other laboratory preparatory
steps prior to analysis; and (3) the accuracy of the instrumental
analysis. A recovery estimate based on a laboratory spike also
could vary according to the step at which the spike is added. In
addition, the recovery estimate based on a spike can vary accord-
ing to the degree with which the spike is embodied into the sample,
Several sources of errors affecting precision and accuracy are
inherent in analysis by a published method. Sources of determi-
nate error (i.e., errors with defined limits) may include opera-
tor inconsistency, matrix interference, and instrument (e.g.,
quality of the equipment). Operator error is minimized by making
the analytical procedure, with its associated sample handling and
preservation components, as invariant as possible. Compensation
for matrix interferences is more difficult. Although contingency
provisions are generally specified for expected matrix inter-
ferences, all possible interferences cannot be fully anticipated
unless the procedure normalizes the matrix (e.g., by destructive
pretreatment). While analysis of metals often entails normaliza-
tion of matrices by destructive pretreatment, such methods are
inappropriate for analysis of organic compounds. Therefore,
matrix interference with organic compound analyses may require
complex, non-routine analytic techniques to compensate for inter-
ferences. Such an approach must be supported by an intensive
QA/QC program, but it might be the best or only practical means
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 V.7-4
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of accurately quantifying the organic pollutants in the waste-
water matrix.
A second and particularly difficult aspect for organic pollutant
analyses is to determine the limits of detection for each pollu-
tant (i.e., the lowest concentration of the pollutant that will
give a signal on the analytical instrument that can be distin-
guished from background noise with a known degree of confidence).
If no such signal is recorded, one could state that the pollutant
is "not detected" by the analytical method used. A related
aspect is to ascertain the limits of determination for each
pollutant (i.e., the concentration above which one can state with
a known degree of confidence that the pollutant is present in a
specific concentration in the sample tested.) For signals be-
tween the limits of detection and limits of determination it is
possible only to say that the pollutant is "detected but un-
confirmed" by the analytical method used. This also may be
referred to as "Below Detection Limits" (BDL), where the statment
indicates that the pollutant was considered "detected" but not at
a concentration that could be reliably quantified.
There is a significant difference between the problems of mea-
suring organic toxic pollutants and inorganic toxic pollutants.
Therefore, the considerations and techniques commonly employed
for toxic pollutant analysis are described as follows under the
broad categories of "organic" and "inorganic" analysis.
V.7.2.3 Analysis - Organic Pollutants
Throughout the screening and verification phases of the EPA BAT
Survey, the sampling and analysis procedures for priority pollut-
ants offered by the Environmental Monitoring and Support Labora-
tory (EMSL) in April 1977 [5-36], as noted in the Federal Register
(Dec. 3, 1979, p. 69465), were used extensively by several branch-
es within EPA1s Effluent Guidelines Division (EGD). This source
specified a protocol for the quantification of organic pollut-
ants, metal pollutants, cyanides, and phenols. This is referred
to as the "April 1977 EPA protocol" in this section. These
discussions will address the organic pollutant protocols.
There are numerous analytic techniques available for the measure-
ment of organic pollutants. Two methods were sufficiently de-
veloped and applicable to be generally recommended for the wide-
spread analysis of a broad range of organic priority pollutants.
These are gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by purge
and trap, and GC/MS by liquid-liquid extraction. These two
methods are complementary to one another, but there is an area of
overlap between the two and some compounds may be recovered by
either method. Other methods include gas or liquid chromat-
ography with detectors such as ultraviolet, electron capture, or
halide specific.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-5
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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is a broad-spectrum tech-
nique by which a large number of compounds in a single sample can
be identified and measured. The GC/MS system uses a gas chroma-
tography column to separate the individual compounds extracted
from a wastewater sample. The gas chromatograph involves passing
the pollutants through a packed column using an inert carrier
gas. The packing causes the pollutants to separate into zones,
which based on previous calibration can be related to compounds
or classes of compounds. The mass spectrometer is a detector
which can be used to identify and measure organic compounds based
on the mass characteristics of the compound or the functional
groups of the compound. The mass spectograph for the sample when
interpreted in conjunction with the gas chromatograph separation
can identify a match between the characteristics of the sample
and known materials. Thus, by a general calibration of the
equipment and the use of computer interpretation techniques, a
sample can be analyzed for several constituents at one time.
The actual constituents that can be determined by an analysis
using the GC/MS is dependent upon the sample preparation. This
includes the techniques that are used to isolate the organic
materials from the sample matrix into characteristic fractions,
and the clean up procedures used to remove interferences. The
priority pollutants detected by the most common techniques are
listed in Table 7.2-1. The purge and trap isolation technique is
used to strip volatile compounds from the sample (i.e., purge)
and then collect these volatile compounds in a trap. A sample of
the materials in the trap are then injected into the GC/MS for
analysis. Contamination and interferences are problems with this
technique. Blanks are analyzed regularly to identify whether or
not contamination exists. If contamination is detected and
cannot be eliminated by flushing with blank water and baking the
system, then the system must be completely dismantled for clean-
ing.
Liquid-liquid extraction is used to separate the non-volatile
organics into two fractions: the base-neutral extractables and
the acid extractables. The general technique is to use a con-
siderable amount of solvent to isolate a substantial portion of
the organics. A modification of the technique is to use a smaller
quantity of solvent, and then estimate the efficiency of the
recovery as discussed previously (this is referrred to as micro-
extraction) . The individual extraction fractions may be concen-
trated and then analyzed separately by the GC/MS, to identify the
priority pollutants listed in Table 7.2-1.
Mechanical errors in the GC/MS system are minimized by daily
calibration. The individual samples are spiked regularly with
internal standards which are used to indicate mechanical problems
during analysis as well as interferences inherent in the sample.
When the recovery of the internal standard does not meet the
requirements of the test, then the sample is reanalyzed.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-6
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TABLE 7.2-1. ORGANIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS, PESTICIDES, AND
PCB's BY SEPARATION TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYSIS
BY GC/MS METHODS [5-56]
Volatile Organic Compound*
by Purge »nd Trip Technique
Acroleln
Acrylonltrlle
Benzene
Bromomethine
Bromod I ch I o routs thane
BromoforiR
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
2-chloroethylvlnyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
DI bromochIoromethane
DIchIorod IfIuoromethane
I,l-Dlchloroethane
I,2-DIchloroethane
I,l-Dlchloroethene
Trans-l,2-dlchloroethene
1,2-Dlchloropropane
Cis-l,3-dlchloropropene
Trans-l,3-dlchloropropene
Ethyl benzene
MethyI one chloride
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tet rach I oroethene
I, I, l-Trlchloroethane
1,1,2-Trlchloroethane
Trlchloroethene
Trlchlorofluoromethane
To Iuene
Vinyl chloride
Pesticide* and PCB's by
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Technique
Aldrln
a-BHC
b-BHC
d-BHC
g-BHC
Chlordane
!»,!»'-ODD
4,4'-DDE
H,U'-DDT
Dleldrln
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan II
Endosulfan tulfate
Endrln
EndrIn aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxlde
Toxaphene
PCB-1016
PCB-I22I
PCB-1232
PCB-1242
PCB-I2U8
PCB-1254
PCB-1260
Semi-Volatile Organic
Compounds by Liquid-Liquid
Extraction Base/Neutral
Extractables
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylane
Anthracene
Benzofa
Benzojb
Benzo)k
Benzoja
anthracene
f luoranthene
f luoranthene
. pyrene
Benzolghl)perylene
Benzldlne
Bls(2-chloroethyl)ether
BIs(2-chIo roethoxy(methane
Bls(2-ethylhexylIphthalate
Bls(2-chlorol*opropyl)ether
4-Bronophenyl phenyl ether
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-ChloronaphthaIone
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
Chrysene
Dlbenzo(a,h)anthracene
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
1,3-D I Chlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dlchlorobenzene
3,3'-Dlchlorobenzldlne
DIethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalata
2,4-Dlnltrotoluene
2.6-Dlnltrotoluene
Dloctyl phthalate
1,2-Dlphenylhydrazlne
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIo robutadIene
Hexachloroethane
HexachIo rocycIopentad Iene
Indenoll,2,3-cd)pyrene
Isophorone
Naphthalene
Nitrobenzene
N-nltrosodlMethylanlne
N-nltrosodl-n-propylanlne
N-nltrosodlphenyla>lne
Phenan throne
Pyrene
2,3,7,6-Tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-dloxln
1,2,4-Trlohlorobenzene
Senl-Volatlle Organic
.Coupounds by Liquid-Liquid
Extraction. Acid
Extractable*
it-Chloro-3-ne thy I phenol
2-Chlorophenol
2,i|-Dlchlorophanol
2,4-Dlmethylphenol
2,4-DInItrophenoI
2-Hethyl-i|,6-dlnltrophenol
2-Nltrophenol
l(-N It ropheno I
Pentachlorophenol
PhenoI
2,4,6-Trlchiorophenol
Date: 9/25/81
V.7-7
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The pesticides in Table 7.2-1 can be analyzed by a procedure
involving an initial analysis of a sample extract using a gas
chromatograph equipped with an electron capture (EC) detector.
If a compound is present/ then the extract is carefully evapo-
rated to 0.5 ml and used for GC/MS confirmation.
Acrolein and acrylonitrile also are exceptions to the general
GC/MS methods for organic priority pollutants. These materials
may be analyzed by using the direct injection of the sample into
the gas chromatograph (i.e., without sample preparation) for
GC/MS analysis. Another method available is to use a heated
purge and trap technique to separate the materials from the
sample for analysis.
Alternative methods used in the analysis of organic priority
pollutants have been used where interferences were encountered or
where there was good reason to believe that specific pollutants
would be present (e.g., based on the screening results). When a
specific set of pollutants are reasonably certain to be present
with the other priority pollutants reasonably certain to be
absent, the judicious use of sample preparation techniques (e.g.,
extractions, separations) and detection systems can result in
very reliable analytic results. A gas chromatograph, liquid
chromatograph, or high pressure liquid chromatograph can be used
to separate a known set of pollutants into fractions where charac-
teristics other than mass can be used to confirm the pollutant
identity and determine the concentration of the pollutant. Such
methods may utilize: electron capture, halide specific, flame
ionization, flame photometric, photoionization, or ultraviolet
detectors.
Precision is determined with the GC/MS using blank samples spiked
with compounds selected as internal standards (e.g., bromochloro-
methane, 2-bromo-l-chloropropane, and 1,4-dichlorobutane) and
analyzed in replicate runs. The selection of internal standards
is designed to cover the entire spectrum of a gas chromatograph
(i.e., the compounds in the early, middle, and late fractions
that are separated by the column).
Recovery estimates, as discussed previously, also are used with
the analysis of organic priority pollutants. The recovery of a
priority pollutant during an extraction may only approach 100
percent or recovery may exceed 100 percent when positive in-
terferences from contaminations, reagents, chemical reactions, or
the system supersede the negative effects associated w?.th extrac-
tion inefficiencies. Spike samples can be used to estimate the
actual recovery. A spike consists of the addition of a known
amount of the material under investigation prior to sample prepa-
ration and analysis. A comparison of the resulting measured
concentrations of the spiked and unspiked samples then leads to
an estimate of the recovery. A modification to this technique
involves use of a stable isotope of the material that has iden-
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-8
-------
tical properties but a different mass. An example would be the
use of deuterated phenol. The mass difference allows the sepa-
rate detection of the isotope and the material in the same sample.
In addition to recovery considerations, the interpretation of
organic priority pollutant analytic results is reliant upon the
operator bias in identifying a match. Although a computerized
system is used to establish a match, the criteria for considering
a result to be a match must be established. The screening phase
of the EPA toxic pollutant survey used criteria that were inten-
tionally biased to exclude "false negatives" (i.e., results
showing the absence of the pollutant when it actually existed) at
the expense of including "false positives" (i.e., results showing
the occurrence of the pollutant when it actually did not exist).
The verification phase used refined criteria to confirm the
results of the screening survey and to eliminate false positives
and false negatives.
V.7.2.4. Analysis - Inorganic Pollutants
The inorganic toxic pollutants identified as being of major
concern in wastewater included 13 metals, cyanide, and asbestos.
The analysis for these inorganics represents the use of analytic
methods that are well established and in common use. The method
of most general use is the atomic absorption (AA) technique, with
Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma (ICAP) spectrophotometry also
used frequently. Colorimetric techniques also are available.
With the exception of mercury, the metals are divided into two
groups for analysis by the AA. Beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
copper, nickel, lead, and zinc are analyzed by flame atomic
absorption (AA) and, if not detected, are then analyzed by flame-
less AA. Antimony, arsenic, silver, thallium, and selenium are
analyzed by furnace AA. Mercury may be analyzed by cold vapor AA
techniques.
In flame AA spectroscopy, a sample is aspirated into and atomized
by a flame. A light beam from a hollow cathode lamp, whose
cathode is made of the element that is to be determined, is
directed through the flame into a detector that measures the
amount of light absorbed. Absorption depends on the presence of
free unexcited ground state atoms in the flame. Since the wave-
length of the light beam is characteristic of only the metal
being determined, the light energy absorbed by the flame is a
measure 'of the concentration of that metal in the sample.
When performing furnace (flameless) AA, an aliquot of the sample
is placed in a graphite tube in a furnace, evaporated to dryness,
charred, and atomized. The principle is essentially the same as
in flame AA, except a furnace, rather than a flame, is used to
atomize the sample. Radiation is generated by a given excited
metal and is passed through the vapor. The intensity of the
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-9
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transmitted radiation decreases in proportion to the amount of
the metal in the vapor. Because a greater percentage of the
metal atoms in the sample are vaporized and dissociated for
absorption in the graphite tube than in the flame, the use of
small sample volumes or detection of low concentrations of metals
is possible with the flameless AA.
To verify that the instrument is operating correctly within the
expected performance limits, an appropriate standard is typically
included between every ten samples. Spiked aliquots are analyzed
with a frequency of 15% for the sample load for each metal deter-
mined by flame AA. If the recovery is not within _+ 10% of the
expected value the sample is analyzed by the method of standard
addition (i.e., a spike is added to the aliquot prior to sample
preparation).
In the determination of trace metals, contamination and loss are
of primary concern. Dust in the laboratory, impurities in re-
agents, and impurities in apparatus are sources of contamination
and are given special attention in the handling and analysis of
metals samples.
The most troublesome interference in flame AA is "chemical" and
is caused by lack of absorption of atoms bound in molecular
combination in the flame. The addition of certain compounds
overcomes some of these interferences. They are also eliminated
by separation of the metal from the interfering material. When
using furnace techniques, chemical reactions may occur at the
elevated temperature, which may result in suppression or enhance-
ment of the analysis. To ensure valid data, each matrix is
examined for interference effects, and if detected, treated using
either successive dilution, matrix modification, or the method of
standard addition. When AA techniques do not provide adequate
sensitivity, specialized procedures are used.
The Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma technique for metals analy-
sis was used by the EPA Region V laboratory for the toxic pollu-
tant survey. This method was used extensively for the data
developed for the Machinery and Metals Branch of EPA Effluent
Guidelines Division.
Cyanides are measured by first distilling to remove interferences
and then analysis by colorimetric methods. Cyanide is released
from cyanide complexes by means of a reflux-distillation opera-
tion and absorbed in a scrubber containing sodium hydroxide
solutions. In colorimetric measurement, the cyanide ion in the
absorbing solution is converted to cyanogen chloride (CNC1).
After the reaction is complete, color is formed by addition of an
appropriate reagent and the absorbance is read. Sample handling
for cyanide measurement is important since degradation can lead
to invalid laboratory results.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-10
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To demonstrate quantitative recovery with each distillation-
digestion apparatus, distilled standards are compared to non-
distilled standards. Typically at least one standard is dis-
tilled each day to confirm distillation efficiency and reagent
purity. At least 15% of the cyanide analyses may consist of
duplicate and spiked samples.
Asbestos is unique in definition and in sampling and analysis
procedures. The term "asbestos" can encompass the fibrous, and
in some cases, non-fibrous forms of several minerals. Chrysotile
has been selected by USEPA Effluent Guidelines Division as the
monitoring parameter, since resource constraints and available
analytical technology prohibit the analysis of waste effluents
for all asbestos morphologies. Grab samples are used for
analysis. The measurement for the asbestos particles is per-
formed using electron microscope techniques, with selected area
electron diffraction used for identification of the fibers.
V.7.2.5 Summary of Toxic Pollutant Data Protocols
The generally available techniques for analysis of priority
pollutants have been assembled by EPA into analytic plans for the
evaluation of these materials. These plans are referred to in
this manual as analytic protocols.
The earliest protocol for the analysis of priority pollutants
commonly followed by EPA is referred to as the "April 1977 EPA
protocol." This protocol is summarized in Table 7.2-2, and
involved the general use of the GC/MS for most organic toxics and
the AA for most metals. The quality assurance/quality control
(QA/QC) program was not extensive, generally including limited
spikes and duplicates for verification phase evaluations only.
This protocol was developed as an approach for the qualitative
and semi-quantitative determination of priority pollutants for a
wide-range of unknown pollutants in varying wastewater matrices.
The protocol was widely used in the BAT toxic survey because of
the general applicability of the approach, and the relative cost-
effectiveness of the analyses. As a disadvantage, this protocol
represented developing analytic methods which were not widely
used at the start of the survey. Also, the QA/QC procedures
specified by the protocol were designed to control the perfor-
mance of the equipment (quality control) and were not designed to
predict the accuracy of the measurements developed by the methods
(quality assurance).
Another suggested protocol for toxic pollutant analysis is re-
ferred to as the "June 1977 EPA protocol". This differs signifi-
cantly from the April 1977 protocol in that the use of analytic
devices other than the broad-based GC/MS are identified. As
summarized in Table 7.2-3, these methods include the GC with
detectors other than the mass spectrograph. The purpose and
usefulness of the June 1977 protocol was that it could greatly
reduce the cost of priority pollutant analysis when a limited
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-11
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TABLE 7.2-2. APRIL 1977 EPA PROTOCOL [5-36]
General - Methods Addressed by Protocol
1. Organics by purge and trap, GC/MS.
2. Organics by Iiquid-Iiquid extraction, GC/MS.
3. Metals by atomic absorption.
U. Cyanides by distillation and colorimetric analysis.
5. Phenols by distillation and spectrophotometry.
6. Collection of samples.
Organics by Purge and Trap - Methods
1. Separation by purge and trap; analysis by gas chromotograph
and mass spectrograph. Qualitative determination by extrac-
ted ion current profile, using selected ion monitoring for
low concentrations. Quantitative determination by comparing
response (area) to reference.
2. Quality assurance includes analysis of blank with each sample
group to detect interference, baking and flushing the system
with blank water between analyses. Internal standards are
bromochloromethane, 2-bromo-1-chloro-propane, and 1,4-dichloro-
butane. Precision determined by internal standard spikes,
with quality control charts used to identify deviations
greater than two standard deviations for reanalysis. Calibra-
tion daily for equipment.
3. Data reported to two significant figures or nearest 10 mg/L.
Organics by Liquid-Liquid Extraction
I. Base-neutral extraction at pH M or greater, with serial ex-
tractions using methylene chloride. Acid (phenols) extraction
at pH 2 or less, with serial extractions using methylene
chloride. Emulsions defined as broken when 85 percent of
solvent is recovered, using any method (e.g., centrifugation,
passing through glass wool, standing); continuous extraction
used when emulsion cannot be broken. Analysis by gas chromato-
graph, mass spectrograph. Pesticides initially determined by
gas chroma tograph, electron capture, with GC/MS confirmation.
2. Quality assurance includes daily calibration of system with
decafluorotriphenylphosphine, and benzidine or pentachloro-
pheno I.
3. Data should be reported in ranges 10 mg/L, 100 mg/L and
greater than 100 mg/L.
I. Flame AA and, if not detected, flameless AA analysis per-
formed for Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn; flameless AA only
for Ag, Sb, Se, and Tl; cold vapor AA for Hg.
2. Quality assurance includes standard used between every 10
samples, spiked sample analysis at frequency of 15 percent of
the sample load, reagent blanks run to correct all analyses,
the mercury analyses using a spike at five times the detec-
tion limit. If recovery of spiked sample analysis is not
within 10 percent of expected value, then sample is re-
ana lyzed.
3. Data reported to nearest mg/l when concentration is less than
10 mg/L, and two significant figures at greater concentra-
tions.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-12
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TABLE 7.2-2. APRIL 1977 EPA PROTOCOL [5-36] (CONTINUED)
Cyanides
I. All samples distilled, with analysis by colorimetric techn-
i ques.
2. Quality assurance includes daily demonstration of distilla-
tion efficiency and purity of reagents, and analysis of
duplicate and spiked samples at a minimum of 15 percent the
sample load.
3. Data reported to nearest 0.01 mg/L for concentrations less
than 1.0 mg/L (1000 mg/L), and two significant figures for
greater concentrations.
PhenoIs
I. All samples distilled, with analysis using chloroform extrac-
tion and spectrophotometry for concentrations less than 1.0
mg/L, or direct photometry for concentrations greater than
1.0 mg/L.
2. Quality assurance similar to that for cyanide analysis.
3. Data reported to nearest mg/L for the first method, or for
the second method to the nearest 10 mg/L at concentrations
less than I.O mg/L (IOOO mg/L) and two significant figures at
greater concentrations.
Sample Co Ilect ion
I. Liquid-Iiquid extraction samples to be composites with a
maximum 30 minutes between aliquot collection, minimum aliquot
size IOO mL, minimum sample 9.U liters, field blanks collect-
ed by sampling equipment after flushing with blank water.
2. Phenol, cyanide, and volatile organic samples collected as
grab samples. Cyanide sample collected in one liter plastic
bottles, preserved if necessary, sealed, and stored on ice.
Phenol sample collected in one liter glass bottle, acidified,
sealed, and stored on ice. Volatile organic samples collected
in glass containers in duplicate (with a sealed vial of blank
water prepared for shipment with the sample), preserved if
necessary, sealed, and stored on ice.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-13
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TABLE 7.2-3. JUNE 1977 EPA PROTOCOL [5-37]
General - Methods Addressed by Protocol
1. Analytical Qua Iity Control
2. Phenoljcs
3. Benzidine and Dichlorobenzidine
U. Chlorinated Pesticide Analysis in Industrial Effluents
5. Total Cyanide
6. Acid Fraction of Organic Priority Pollutants
7. Nitrosamines
8. Asbestos
9. Vinyl Chloride in Water by Gas Chromatography
10. Polychlorinated Biphenyls
11. Dinitrotoluenes
12. Phthalate Esters
13. PoIynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), I
14. PolynucI ear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), II
15. Dichlorobenzenes and Bis (2-chloro) Ethers
16. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Method for Volatile Organic
Ana lysis
17. Volatile Organics Analysis
Analytical Qua I Itv Control
1. Sample handling and collection procedures accress common
problems identified during screening sampling.
2. Supplies and reagent purity, and methods for preparation of
stock solutions are described.
3. Quality assurance for measurements includes for purgeables
the use of internal standards; for regulatory Iiquid-Iiquid
extractions the use of field duplicates, laboratory dupli-
cates, and dosed samples; for monitoring liquid-liquid
extractions the use of an external control series using a
standard laboratory matrix and quality control charts.
U. Identification quality assurance includes daily calibration
of the GC/MS, use of a method blank, and processing of mass
spectra through a computerized search and match system.
Phenolics
1. Samples should be grabs, preserved at U°C, and shielded from
Iight.
2. Analysis by U-aminoantipyrene (U-AAP) method.
Benzidine and Dichlorobenzidine
1. Sample collected in glass container and taken from com-
posite.
2. Analysis Involves cleanup and a color development through
addition of chloramine-T, to oxidize benzidine.
3. Dichlorobenzidine is a positive interference, so if present,
it is also measured and reported as benzidine.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-14
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TABLE 7.2-3. JUNE 1977 EPA PROTOCOL [5-37] (CONTINUED)
Chlorinated Pesticide Analysis
1. Sample collected in glass container and taken from com-
pos i te.
2. Separation by liquid-liquid extraction, with analysis by gas
chromatograpn.
Total Cyanide
1. Samples should be grabs and preserved with NaOM at pH 12.
2. Analysis by procedures in Standard Methods, 13th Edition,
involving colorimetric techniques.
Acid Fraction of Organic Priorlt Pollutants
1. Sample should be chilled and shielded from light.
2. Analysis is by gas chromatograph only, with extensive
clean-up and separation procedures.
3. Parameters measured include priority pollutants: 2,4,6-tri-
chlorophenol, parachloro-m-cresol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,U-di-
chlorophenol, 2,U-dimethyl phenol, 2-nitrophenol, U-nitro-
phenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, U,6-dinitro-o-cresol, penta-
chlorophenol, phenol.
Ni trosamines
1. Sample should be composited and cooled.
2. Analysis is by a tentative method, employing a gas chroma-
tograph with a thermal energy analyzer (TEA) detector.
3. Confirmation is by GC/MS, which can be used as the equiva-
lent method if GC/TEA equipment not available.
Asbestos
1. Sample should be from composite.
2. Analytic methods are tentative, including: (a) extensive
workup with determination by a transmission electron micro-
scope, or (b) by a standard microscope. The first method
can identify the number of asbestos fibers/liter, their
length and width, the size distribution, total mass, and
distinguish chrysotile from amphibole asbestos. The second
method uses a O.U5 micrometer filter, measures all fibers
with an aspect ratio greater than 3:1, and requires a staining
technique to differentiate asbestos fibers from other fragments
of similar morphology (e.g., diatom fragments, filamentous algae).
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-15
-------
TABLE 7.2-3. JUNE 1977 EPA PROTOCOL 15-37] (CONTINUED)
Vinyl Chloride in Water by Gas Chromatography
1. Sample should be a grab, as for purgeable organic sampling.
2. Separation is by purge-and-trap (similar to April 1977 EPA
protocol) with analysis by GC only.
3. Method applicable when vinyl chloride is only purgeable;
GC/MS recommended when several purgeables are suspected.
Polychlorinated Biphenvls
1. Sample collected in glass container and taken from .com-
posite.
2. Separation is by liquid-liquid extraction and qualitative
analysis by GC with an electron'capture detector. Clean-up
procedures are employed if organic chlorine pesticides,
elemental sulfur, or complex interferences are present.
Quantitative determination is by gas chromatography of
cleaned sample.
3. Results are reported in microgram/liter without correction
for recovery. The limit of detection is approximately 1
ug/L for each Arochlor mixture.
Dinitrotoluenes
1. Samples collected in glass container with limited preser-
vation.
2. Analytic methods include: (a) a modified version of the chlorinated
pesticide method (involving a modified GC temperature); and (b) a
modified procedure for the GC measurement of explosive contaminants
in water.
Phthalate Esters
1. Sample collected in glass container, taken from composite,
cooled, and kept out of light.
2. Analysis uses the method for chlorinated pesticides in April
1977 EPA protocol, using electron capture detector.
Polvnuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH). I
1. Sampling must not use tygon tubing (phthalates represent an
interference), and acid may be used as a preservative,
although it may complicate analysis.
2. Analysis by a method that uses GC and ultraviolet spec-
troscopy.
3. Priority pollutants this applies to include: benzo(a)-
anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, 3,4-benzofluoranthene, benzo-
(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, acenaphthylene, anthracene,
benzolghiJperylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, dibenzo(a,h)-
anthracene, indenoj1,2,3-cd)pyrene, and pyrene.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-16
-------
TABLE 7.2-3. JUNE 1977 EPA PROTOCOL [5-37] (CONTINUED)
Polvnuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH). II
1. Sample collected should be a composite, with minimal pre-
servation.
2. Analysis by a method specifically designed for petroleum
media (developed by American Petroleum Institute), employing
GC and a method of partition chromatogrphy with a thin layer.
3. Priority pollutants this applies to are same as for PAH analysis,
method I.
Dlchlorobenzenes and Bis(2-chloro) ethers
1. Sample should be composite, collected in glass container,
chilled, and protected from direft light.
2. Analysis involves extraction and concentration using the
pesticides procedures in the April 1977 EPA protocol. Extract
analysis uses a relatively nonpolar pesticide type GC column
and a highly polar GC column.
Liquid-Liquid Extraction Method for Volatile Organic Analysis
1. Sample collection and handling should be same as for vola-
tile organic sampling in April 1977 EPA protocol.
2. Separation of volatile organics from sample matrix uses a
Iiquid-Iiquid extraction rather than the purge-and-trap in
the April 1977 EPA protocol. Extraction solvent is added
directly to the sample bottle, the sample mixed, and the
organic layer removed for analysis.
3. Analysis is by GC/MS, with quantification made using the
internal standard technique.
Volatile Oraanics Analysis
1. Sample collected as a grab in a glass container.
2. Separation involves centrifugation or filtration to remove
suspended matter.
3. Analysis is by direct aqueous injection into GC, with de-
tection by microcoulometric titration, electrolytic con-
ductivity, or flame ionization.
I*. Method can measure volatile organics to approximately 1 |ig/L.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-17
-------
number of compounds were under investigation. However, it re-
quired some knowledge of the materials expected in the wastewater
(such as might be developed during the screening phase, using the
GC/MS). Based on this, the June 1977 protocol also is referred
to at times by EPA as the June 1977 verification protocol. The
QA/QC associated with the June 1977 protocol included some dupli-
cates and spikes, but not for every sample.
EPA proposed guidelines for establishing test procedures for the
analysis of priority pollutants in December 1979 (44 Federal
Register 69464, 3 December 1979, and 44 Federal Register 75028,
18 December 1979). These are referred to as the "1979 EPA veri-
fication protocol." The proposed methods included general use of
the GC with either mass spectrograph detection (Methods 624, 625
in Table 7.2-4) or other detectors (Methods 601 through 613,
Table 7.2-4). The 1979 EPA verification protocol also included a
sample QA/QC program. This describes a strong quality assurance
and quality control program so that the reliability of data can
be assessed. The procedure involves determination of precision
and accuracy of the techniques for the wastewater of each indus-
trial subcategory and use of internal standards, surrogate spikes,
and labeled compounds to better quantify the data.
There are also analytic protocols available that do not require a
specific regimen for sample preparation and analysis. These
protocols have been developed on the principle that a competent
analytic chemist can tailor the available analytic methods (using
equipment readily available) to efficiently evaluate the priority
pollutants in the wastewater. The lack of specificity and con-
formity in the analytic technique is compensated by the require-
ment of a very extensive QA/QC program. A typical program would
require that the sample be spiked for every compound that is
suspected to be present (to establish accuracy) and that repli-
cate analyses be performed for the sample (to establish precision)
This approach thus replaces a method precision and accuracy
estimate with sample specific precision and accuracy. This
approach has been used extensively by the Organic Chemicals
Branch, Effluent Guidelines Division of EPA.
V.7.2.6 Statistical Interpretation of Analytic Data
The application of adequate QA/QC techniques during analysis
should lead to recognition of the factors leading to variability
in analytical test results, control of these factors to the
greatest extent possible, and determination of the variance that
remains in the test results [5-40], The quality assurance aspect
of the QA/QC program is the key to determining the error that is
inherent in the applied test protocols, leading to the determina-
tion of the statistical reliability of the reported data. The
quality control aspect of the QA/QC program is the key to iden-
tifying data that do not meet the established control limits for
the test procedure. Therefore, an established and ongoing QA/QC
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-18
-------
TABLE 7.2-4. DECEMBER 1979 EPA PROPOSED GUIDELINES ESTAB-
LISHING TEST PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF
POLLUTANTS [44FR 69164, 44FR 75028]
General - Methods Addressed by Protocol
1. Purgeable Hydrocarbons - Method 601
2. Purgeable Aroma tics - Method 602
3. Aerolein/AcryIonitrile - Method 603
4. Phenols - Method 604
5. Benzidines - Method 605
6. Phthalate Esters - Method 606
7. Nitrosamines - Method 607
8. Organochlorine Pesticides and PDB's - Method 608
9. Nitroaromatics and Isophorone - Method 609
10. Polynuclear Armatic Hydrocarbons - Method 610
11. Haloethers - Method 611
12. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons - Method 612
13. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) - Method 613
14. Purgeables - Method 624
15. Base/Neutrals, Acids, and Pesticides - Method 625
16. Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Procedures for
Organic Priority Pollutants
17. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometric
Method (ICP) for Trace Elements Analysis of Water and Wastes
Purgeable Halocarbons - Method 601
1. Inert gas is bubbled through 5 ml of sample, halocarbons
transferred to the vapor phase are trapped in a sorbent
tube, the trap is heated to desorb halocarbons into the GC
system, and detection is by a halide specific detector.
2. Method applies to 29 purgeable halocarbons.
Purgeable Aromatics - Method 602
1. Analysis is similar to Method 601, using a photo ionization
detector.
2. Method applies to seven halocarbons.
Acrolein and Acrylonitrile - Method 603
1. Inert gas is bubbled through 5 ml of sample in a heated
purge chamber, acrolein and acrlonitrile are transferred to
the vapor phase and trapped in a sorbent tube, the trap is
heated to desorb materials into the GC system, and detection
is by a flame ionization detector.
Phenols - Method 604
1. One liter of sample is acidified and extracted with methylene
chloride, the extract is dried and concentrated to 10 ml or less,
analysis is by GC, and detection is by flame ionization.
2. Method applies to eleven phenolic compounds.
3. Method also applies to pentafluorobenzylbromide (PFB) deriva-
tives for electron capture gas chromatography with additional
cleanup procedures.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-19
-------
TABLE 7.2-4. DECEMBER 1979 EPA PROPOSED GUIDELINES ESTAB-
LISHING TEST PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF
POLLUTANTS [44FR 69464, 44FR 75028] (CONTINUED)
Benzidines - Method 605
1. Benzidine and 3,3-dichlorobenzidine are extracted from the sample
at pH 7-8 using chloroform, back extracted into acid, re-extracted
into chloroform at neutral pH, concentrated, and determined using
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical
detect ion.
Phthalate Esters - Method 606
1. Analysis is similar to Method 604 (except sample not
acidified) wtih determination by GC.
2. Method applies to six phthalate esters.
Nitrosamines - Method 607
1. Analysis is similar to Method 604 (except sample not
acidified) with column cleanup procedures defined for deter-
mination by GC of various nitrosamines.
2. Method applies to three nitrosamines.
Orqanochlorine Pesticides and PCB's - Method 608
1. Analysis is similar to Method 604 (except sample not
acidified) with determination by GC.
2. Method applies to 18 pesticides and seven PCB mixtures.
Nitroaromatics and Isophorone - Method 609
1. One liter of sample is extracted with methylene chloride,
the extract is dried and exchanged to toluene while being
concentrated to 1.0 ml. Isophorone and nitrobenzene are
measured by flame ionization GC, and nitrotoluenes are
measured by electron capture GC.
2. Method applies to four parameters.
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Method 610
1. Analysis is similar to Method 604 (except sample not
acidified) with measurement by GC or high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC).
2. Method applies to 15 parameters.
Haloethers - Method 611
1. Analysis is similar to Method 604 (except sample not
acidified) with determination by GC and halide specific
detector.
2. Method applies to five parameters.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons - Method 612
1. Analysis is similar to Method 604 (except sample not
acidified) with determination by GC.
2. Method applies to nine parameters.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-20
-------
TABLE 7.2-4. DECEMBER 1979 EPA PROPOSED GUIDELINES ESTAB-
LISHING TEST PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF
POLLUTANTS [44FR 69464, 44FR 75028] (CONCLUDED)
2.3.7.8 - Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) - Method 613
1. TCDD is extracted from one liter of sample using methylene
chloride, the extract is dried and exchanged to hexane while
being concentrated to 1.0 ml or less. Determination is with
a capillary column GC/MS using internal standard techniques,
with electron capture GC available to prescreen samples
before GC/MC analysis.
Prugeables - Method 624
1. Inert gas is bubbled through 5 ml of sample, purgeables are
transferred to the vapor phase and trapped in a sorbent
tube, the trap is heated to desorb materials into the GC for
separation, and detection is by mass spectrometer.
2. Method applies to 30 parameters.
Base/Neutrals. Acid, and Pesticides - Method 625
1. One liter of sample is extracted with methylene chloride,
the extract is dried and evaporated to one ml, and deter-
mination is made using a GC/MS with the internal standard or
external standard technique.
2. Method applies to 47 base-neutrals, 11 acid extractables,
and 25 pesticide extractables.
QA/QC Procedures for Organic Priority Pollutants
1. QA/QC procedures apply to Methods 624 and 625.
2. Methodology requires validation for each industrial sub-
category based on the assumed unique nature of wastewater on
a subcategory basis.
3. Results of validation are used to establish initial QC
limits for precision and accuracy, and to establish initial
controI limits.
4. Continuing QA/QC is required to confirm results are within
controI Iimits.
5. Routine QA/QC includes replicate analyses, method blanks, and
field blanks.
6. Method validation includes spiked samples and replicate analyses,
to define method precision and accuracy.
7. Continuing QA/QC includes sample spikes and comparison of
results to' control limits, with reanalysis and method checks
required when results are outside limits.
ICP for Trace Elements Analysis of Water and Wastes
1. Sample is nebulized and the aerosol produced is transported
to the plasma torch for excitation. Characteristic atomic
line emission spectra are produced by a radio-frequency
inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The spectra are dispersed
by a grating spectrometer and the intensities of the lines
are monitored by photomultipl ier tubes. The photocurrents
from the photomultiplier tubes are processed by a computer.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-21
-------
is required to establish the statistical confidence in analytic
test measurements.
The precision and accuracy data developed from the statistical
analysis of QA/QC data can be used to indicate that a laboratory
can properly perform the extraction and analysis of the pollu-
tants, to monitor subsequent analyses to ensure that the measure-
ments are within the established control limits, and to determine
the degree of confidence that can be placed in the data. For
example, a laboratory can establish control limits for a compound
or group of compounds based on initial analyses of recovery data
for the specific wastewater matrix. Recovery of these compounds
can then be monitored during subsequent routine analyses and used
to identify questionable results (e.g., when a recovery measure-
ment is outside the acceptable range). Reanalysis of the sample
can then be initiated in an attempt to correct erroneous result.
The data collected during the QA/QC program also can be used in
the interpretation of the reported results. The quantitation of
specific compounds in a wastewater stream, for example, can be
made more accurate by using a recovery-corrected estimate of the
compound concentration. This use of recovery estimates, as
determined during the QA/QC program, represents a judgement as to
the relative value of the adjusted values versus the uncertainty
and error associated with the recovery factor.
April 1977 EPA Protocol
The results of the BAT Toxic Pollutant Survey were developed for
the purpose of characterizing and quantifying the priority pollut-
ants in the sampled wastewater streams. The methods used were
not validated prior to the initiation of the program due to the
schedules imposed on EPA by the program requirements. (Valida-
tion means that the method was analyzed to determine the distri-
bution of results using carefully controlled procedures, to
establish confidence limits as to the accuracy of test results).
The use of unvalidated protocols does not mean that the data were
developed incorrectly; rather it means that the method used to
generate the data was not characterized as to accuracy or pre-
cision prior to the data development process. The routine analy-
ses performed under this protocol included limited spiking for
the determination of recovery data. However, measurements re-
ported are not corrected using recovery estimates, and therefore
do not accurately reflect the "true" concentration of the material
in the sample. This is significant. Due to the nature of the
wastewater streams under analysis, the recovery of a specific
pollutant from a specific wastewater matrix could vary consid-
erably.
Since accuracy as reflected by the recovery estimate cannot be
specifically defined for data developed using the April 1977 EPA
protocol (where sample specific recovery data were not developed),
Date: 9/25/81 M.I-22
-------
the user of these numerical data must be very cautious, that is,
there is not a known accuracy for the data (accuracy refers to
the degree to which a measurement conform to the true concentra-
tion within the sample at the time of analysis). The user could
provide recovery data from an independent study to better estimate
the accuracy of results developed using April 1977 protocol data,
but caution is again advised.
There has been a limited study performed to identify the observed
characteristics of recovery estimates developed using the April
1977 EPA protocol [5-57]. The study performed on the observed
recovery of priority pollutant spikes involved in the analysis of
about 10,000 measurements, for 116 of the priority pollutants.
The sources used in the analysis included data from seven labora-
tories with four laboratories representing almost all of the
data. The study used recovery data developed from POTW samples
(Laboratory I); natural waterway sample (Laboratory II); com-
posite of samples from the influent and effluent of treatment
processes associated with coal mining, inorganic chemical manu-
facturing, leather tanning, pesticide manufacturing, and timber
industries (Laboratory III); composite of samples from POTW
and detergent and landfill-chemical disposal industries (Labo-
ratory IV); and cresote waste samples from the wood preserving
industry (Laboratory V).
Based on the overall recoveries for various classes of priority
pollutants (Table 7.2-5) the data indicate that the volatile
organic analysis method in the EPA protocol has been the most
accurate. The acid and pesticide analysis method has been less
accurate, and the base/neutral analysis method has been less
successful on samples with severe matrix problems, e.g. from the
leather tanning and timber industries. However, within each
class of priority pollutants the individual compounds exhibit a
wide fluctuation in recovery. Some of these fluctuations in
recovery can be associated with the analytical protocol. For
example, losses due to volatility can reduce the recoveries of
the purgeable and acid compounds. Carryover of the base/neutral
compounds into the acid fraction in the extraction phase can
occur because of emulsions and high background concentrations.
Long term continuous extraction amplifies the reactions of hy-
droxide with the base/neutral components.
The interlaboratory comparison of percent recovery data for the
priority pollutant classes is shown in Table 7.2-6. This compar-
ison shows that there was a difference in the accuracy of data
reported for the classes of compound, based on the laboratory
performing the evaluation.
The results of the QA/QC analysis indicate the performance of the
basic methodology and indicate that analytical results developed
using the April 1977 protocol are semi-quantitative representa-
tions of priority pollutants concentrations. The tendency for
most compounds is to exhibit an average recovery below 100 percent.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 V.7-23
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This indicates that most data are probably reported at concentra
tion lower than actually existed.
June 1977 EPA Protocol
The June 1977 EPA protocol included a QA/QC requirement similar
to that required for the April 1977 protocol. The precision and
accuracy of the data developed using this protocol have not been
defined by the sources used in preparing this manual.
December 1979 EPA Protocol
This protocol includes as a fundamental requirement the valida-
tion of the analytic methods prior to their use for routine
analysis of a wastewater matrix. EPA is sponsoring validation
studies that are to establish the accuracy and precision of the
methods. However, these studies have not been completed.
The protocol also includes a requirement that each laboratory
establish control limits for evaluating the reliability of the
methods during routine analysis. The sources of data used in
this manual have not reported any results of these laboratory-
specific validation and QA/QC programs.
An evaluation of the precision, bias and comparability of the
inductively coupled plasma method ICP with that of flame atomic
adsorption AA was made by the EPA Effluent Guidelines Division in
1980 for total metals (iron, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and
zinc) in mine effluents. This study, while limited in scope, was
an inter-laboratory round-robin conducted in accordance with ASTM
D2777-77, "Standard Practice for Determination of the Precision
and Bias of Methods of Committee D-19 on Water." The limits of
detection and of determination in mine effluents based on inter-
laboratory precision for the ICP method were several times higher
than those for flame AA in the 0-1 mg/L range for all of the
above mentioned elements except chromium.
Date:; 1/24/83 R Change 2 V.7-26
-------
V.7.3 INDUSTRIAL DATA ANALYSES
The following discussions summarize information on the methods
used in developing the data presented in the Manual for each in-
dustry.
V.7.3.1 Auto and Other Laundries
Volume II Reference; Section II.2
Data Sets;
1. BAT Survey (Screening)
Sampling: Monsanto Research Corp. (MRC) and others
Analysis: Monsanto and others
Reference: 5-1
Date: Unspecified
2. Sampling Program (Car wash)
Sampling: Jacobs Environmental Division of Jacobs Engi-
neering
Analysis: Jacobs Engineering
Reference: 5-2
Date: April 26, 1979 to May 20, 1979
3. Ultrafiltration Study
Sampling: Walden Research Division of Abcor, Inc.
Analysis: Abcor
Reference: 5-3
Date: March 15, 1976 to March 14, 1977
Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening)
The BAT screening survey encompassed 35 laundries. MRC performed
4 of these tasks, the remaining 31 jobs went to previous Effluent
Guidelines Division contractors. The sampling and analysis used
by the other contractors followed established EPA protocol. In
this study MRC and the other contractors analyzed for all 129
pollutants except for asbestos and 2,3,7,8-tetrachloridibenzo-p-
dioxin (TCDD).
Sampling followed the April 1977 EPA Protocol with minor modifi-
cations. Samples taken by MRC were composited over a two day
period as opposed to the established three day period. Nonvola-
tile organic priority pollutants were hand composited rather than
with automatic samplers. Volatile organic priority pollutants
were hand grabbed as recommended by EPA protocol. Four grab
samples of each of these fractions were collected over the two
day sampling period. MRC also composited cyanide and phenol
samples.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-27
-------
Analysis of wastewater followed the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Volatile organic pollutants were analyzed using the Bellar purge
and trap technique. Nonvolatile organic pollutants were analyzed
using GC/MS. The metals were analyzed by the inductively coupled
argon plasma (ICAP) excitation technique (antimony, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, silver, and zinc) or by
conventional atomic absorption techniques (arsenic, mercury,
selenium, and thallium).
Procedures: Data Set 2 - Sampling Program (Car Wash)
The contractor studied various types of car washes used in this
industry. Six facilities were visited and sampled. Priority
pollutants were sampled and analyzed with only those identified
above 10 ng/L recorded.
Sampling techniques included grab samples for the supply water
and equal volume composite samples for the untreated and treated
effluent. Analysis of sampled wastewater was done according to
the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Procedures: Data Set 3 - Ultrafiltration Study
Abcor performed a pilot scale study of ultrafiltration and carbon
adsorption. Sampling and analysis was performed by Abcor at
their own analytical laboratories. The data were obtained for
classical pollutants and heavy metals.
Sampling techniques followsd by Abcor entailed composite portions
of pilot effluents. Exact sampling techniques were not specified.
Analysis of samples collected followed protocol established in
"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater"
(1975) and "Manual of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes" (EPA 1974). Metal analysis was done using atomic absorp-
tion techniques.
V.7.3.2 Coal Mining
Volume II Reference: Section II.3
Data Sets:
1. BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Versar Inc./Radian Corp.
Analysis: EPA Region V Lab and three contractors
Reference: 5-4
Date: April 1977 to June 1977
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Versar Inc./Radian Corp.
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-4
Date: Unspecified
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-28
-------
3. Engineering Site Visit Data
Sampling: Radian, Hydrotechnic, Frontier Technical
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-4
Date: September 1979 to November 1979
4. EPA Regional Studies
Sampling: EPA Regional Sampling Teams Region 4 & 8
Analysis: EPA Laboratories
Reference: 5-4
Date: March-May 1979
5. Pilot Scale Study RBC
Sampling: Pennsylvania State University, Department of
Civil Engineering
Analysis: Pennsylvania State University, Department of
Civil Engineering
Reference: 5-43
Date: May 1974-March 1975
Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling and analysis for all 129 pollutants was conducted at 44
coal mining locations. Sampling and analysis techniques followed
in this study were the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Versar Inc. as well as Radian did the sampling for the screening
as well as the verification phase of this study. 24-hour com-
posite samples were taken for metals, pesticides, solids, TOC,
and COD. Grab samples were collected for volatile organics,
phenol, and cyanide analysis. Composites were taken auto-
matically where possible and manually when necessary.
Analysis of data was performed by the EPA Region V analytical
laboratory and three EPA analytical contractors. One contractor
conducted analyses for classical water quality parameters as well
as for phenols, cyanides, pesticide and PCB's. The same con-
tractor also analyzed for four priority metals (antimony, arsenic,
selenium, and thallium) using atomic absorption spectroscopy.
The remaining metals were analyzed by EPA Region V using induc-
tively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) emission spectroscopy. The
two other contractors analyzed the samples for organics using the
GC/MS techniques in the April 1977 protocol.
Gulf South Research Institute (GSRI) was also part of the screen-
ing program. They performed duplicate analyses of the screening
samples originally analyzed for metals by the EPA Region V ana-
lytical lab. GSRI analyzed 39 samples from 19 mines with a spark
source mass spectrometer to compare to EPA analyses.
Date: 9/25/81 V.I-29.
-------
Procedures; Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Nineteen plants, including 10 from the screening survey, were
sampled during the verification phase of the study. Sampling and
analytic methods were the same as those used for the screening
survey, the April 1977 protocol.
Prior to the start of verification sampling, EPA organized a
sample control center to coordinate the efforts of the EPA Pro-
ject Officers, the sampling teams, and the analytical labora-
tories. Controls were an integral part of the first and third
programs at 8 mines.
Procedures; Data set 3 - Engineering Site Visit Data
The engineering site visits were carried out primarily to collect
cost data for verifying and supplementing costs previously de-
veloped for the coal mining industry. Fourteen separate mines
were contacted and visited in the fall of 1977.
Grab samples of raw and treated effluents were collected and
analyzed for the classical parameters, TSS, Fe, Mn, pH, tur-
bidity, alkalinity/acidity, settleable solids, and total dis-
solved solids. The thirteen toxic metals were also analyzed for
using inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) emission spec-
trometry and atomic absorption.
Procedures; Data Set 4 - EPA Regional Studies
EPA sampling teams from Regions 4 and 8 conducted surveys at
three coal mines. Grab samples were collected and analyzed for
the currently regulated parameters, priority metals, and a number
of classical pollutants. These data were forwarded to the Effluent
Guidelines Division and incorporated into the data base.
Procedures; Data Set 5 - Pilot Study
The data set encompasses a pilot study carried out at Penn. State
University on the effectiveness of a rotating biological contac-
tor. Sampling and analysis procedures were not specified by
protocol. The sampling phase of the study consisted of grab
samples taken through a manifold sluice grate arrangement.
Sampling was staggered to allow for retention time in each stage
of treatment. The analysis of the wastewater concerned only
classical pollutants.
V.7.3.3 Electroplating
Data on the electroplating industry are included with Section
V.7.3.13, Metal Finishing.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-30
-------
V.7.3.4 Inorganic Chemicals
Volume II Reference; Section II.5
Data Sets;
1. BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Jacobs Engineering
Analysis: Jacobs Engineering
Reference: 5-5
Date: 1978
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Jacobs Engineering
Analysis: Jacobs Engineering
Reference: 5-5
Date: 1978
Procedures; Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
In the screening phase of the sampling program, the specific
objective was the detection and quantification of water-borne
waste constituents included on the list of 129 toxic pollutants.
Each sample of an individual raw waste stream, a combined waste
stream, or a treated effluent was collected where possible by an
automatic, time series compositor over a single 72-hour sampling
period. Where automatic compositing was not possible, grab
samples were taken at intervals during the same sampling period
and composited manually. Each sample was divided into several
portions and preserved, as required for different types of anal-
ysis, in accordance with the April 1977 EPA protocol. Samples
were also taken from the composites, or as individual grabs, for
the analysis of the classical pollutants.
The analytical methods used for the screening of toxic pollutants
were those described in the April 1977 EPA protocol. The metals
were analyzed using atomic absorption methods except mercury
which was analyzed by the cold vapor method. Organic toxic
pollutants were determined by gas chromatography - mass spec-
trometry (GC/MS). The pesticides were analyzed by electron
capture gas chromatography followed by GC/MS confirmation.
Volatile organics were extracted by the purge and trap method and
analyzed by GC/MS. Cyanide was analyzed by the wet chemical
analysis of total cyanide. The diphenylcarbazide colorimetric
method was used to determine hexavalent chromium.
Procedures; Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The objective of verification sampling was to confirm the first
observations from screening and further quantify the concentra-
tions and waste loadings of the toxic pollutants and conventional
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-31
-------
and nonconventional pollutants. Where any toxic pollutant metals
were found during screening sampling of a particular plant,
analyses were made for all toxic pollutant metals during the
verification sampling.
Verification phase sampling required the collection of three
24-hour composites at each sampling point. Where composites
could not be taken with automatic samplers, grab samples were
taken periodically over the same time period and composited
manually.
Analysis of toxic pollutants followed the April 1977 EPA pro-
tocol. The specified analytical methods were modified for metals
analysis during verification in order to avoid the excessive
matrix interference experienced during screening. The modified
protocol for metals was:
1. Six elements were determined by flame AA only (Ag, Be,
Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn).
2. Four elements were determined by the graphite furnace AA
(Cd, Pb, Tl, and Sb). If interference occurred, Cd, Pb,
Tl, and Sb were determined by flame AA.
3. Hg was analyzed by the cold vapor method.
This modification reduced the number of preparations per sample
from three to two and achieved adequate detection limits to meet
the verification criteria levols.
Additional modifications were made during the verification pro-
gram to improve the reproducibility and precision for Hg, As, and
Se. These were:
1. The cold vapor procedure for Hg was modified to elimi-
nate the pump and allow dilution and rerun from the same
sample. This saved time and increased reproducibility.
2. Selenium and arsenic were determined by hydride genera-
tion using sodium borohydride. This greatly minimized
problems associated with matrix interference. The
method is very reproducible and the detection limits
were at levels well below the verification criteria for
these two elements.
Analysis of all other pollutants followed the methods in the
protocol.
V.7.3.5 Iron and Steel
Volume II Reference: Section II.6
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-32
-------
Data Sets;
1. BAT Survey (Screening)
Sampling: Rice Division of NUS
Analysis: Rice Division of NUS, EPA Region V
Reference: 5-6
Date: February 1977 to 1979
2. Original Guidelines
Sampling: Rice Division of NUS
Analysis: Rice Division of NUS
Reference: 5-6
Date: 1973 to March 1976
Procedures; Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening)
This survey consisted of sampling and analysis of 114 iron and
steel plants. The data base covers every subcategory included in
this industry.
The screening phase of the data set detected and quantified
wastewater constituents included on the list of 129 toxic pollu-
tants. Wherever possible, each sample of an individual raw
wastewater stream, a combined waste stream, or a treated effluent
was colleced by automatic, time series compositing over three
24-hour sampling periods. Where automatic compositing was not
possible, grab samples were taken and composited manually.
Analysis of sample data followed techniques described in the
April 1977 EPA protocol for all 129 priority pollutants. All
metals analysis, except mercury and cyanide, was performed by
atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mercury and cyanide were
analysed by the standard cold vapor method with slight modifica-
tions to avoid excessive matrix interference. Asbestos fibers
were analysed by the use of a transmission electron microscope
with selected area diffraction.
Procedures; Data Set 2 - Original Guidelines
This survey included an analysis of raw wastewater and treated
effluent for classical as well as a limited number of toxic metal
pollutants. One hundred fourteen steel manufacturing operations
were visited. The work was divided into two phases with NUS
doing the work for both studies. The combined data from these
two studies were used with data obtained during the BAT survey
(Data Set 1).
V.7.3.6 Leather Tanning
Volume II Reference: Section II.7
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-33
-------
Data Sets:
1. BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Midwest Research Institute (MRI)
Analysis: MRI
Reference: 5-8
Date: September 1976 to October 1976
February 1977 to March 1977
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: MRI
Analysis: MRI
Reference: 5-8
Date: Unspecified
3. Original Guidelines
Sampling: Stanley Consultants
Analysis: Stanley Consultants
Reference: 5-7
Date: 1972
Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
In order to determine the toxic pollutant content of leather
tannery wastewater, the Agency developed a two phase wastewater
sampling and analysis program. Twenty-two tanneries and two
POTWs were involved, the latter with substantial tannery waste-
water flows. The study was designed to sample for all 129 pri-
ority pollutants.
Raw wastewater samples were obtained either before any treatment
or following minimal pretreatment depending on accessibility to
the wastewater stream. Treated effluent samples were taken
either following plant pretreatment or secondary treatment.
Automatic samplers and flow recorders were used to account for
short term fluctuations in concentration. Samples were taken
every 15 minutes, and 24-hr, composite aliguots were removed to
satisfy the sample requirements of the basic water quality param-
eters. The remaining volume from the composite was used for the
72-hr, composite. Blanks were collected from the water supply.
Sampling requirements after secondary treatment involved either
grab samples taken three times a day and the entire sample re-
tained, or an automatic sampler employed and the collected samples
mixed for the composite.
The primary method used for anlaysis of the volatiles, base/
neutrals, and acidic organics was gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry (GC/MS). To avoid interference problems an additional
selectivity factor, selected ion monitoring (SIM), was adopted.
A GC was employed for pesticides with limited MS confirmation.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-34
-------
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The verification program followed directly from the initial BAT
screening survey. The purpose of this phase of the program was
to confirm and further quantify the results obtained during the
screening phase.
The sampling techniques used during the verification phase were
the same as those used during screening. Analysis of wastewater
was also esentially the same as the protocol employed during
screening. Minor modifications were made in the program for
certain types of pollutants, as follows.
Base/neutrals: These compounds were assayed in the tannery
wastewaters by extracting basified and acidified aliquots, con-
centrating the extracts, and analyzing them by GC/MS.
Acid Organics: Acidic extracts were prepared from a duplicate
water sample in a manner identical to the base/neutrals except
that the samples were acidified to pH 1 with HC1 prior to extrac-
tion. The extracts were then analyzed by GC/MS.
Pesticides: Samples were liquid/liquid extracted and the solvent
layer was run through a series of clean up procedures. The
resulting extract was then injected into a gas chromatograph
equipped with an electron capture detector.
Total Phenols: The samples were distilled and the distillate
assayed for phenolic compounds by the 4-aminoantipyrene complexa-
tion procedure.
Metals: The priority pollutant metals were assayed by atomic
absorption spectrometry (AA) following appropriate digestion of
the sample.
Cyanide: Samples were analyzed for cyanide by a colorimetric
method. Sulfides were removed before distillation.
Procedures: Data Set 3 - Original Guidelines
The original guidelines study divided the tannery industry into
six subcategories and representative plants from each subcategory
were sampled. Analysis was for classical pollutants, using
standard methods.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-35
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V.7.3.7 Aluminum Forming
Volume II Reference; Section II.8.1
Data Sets:
1. Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates
Analysis: Cyrus William Rice Division of NUS
Corporation (NUS Corp.), EPA Region V Laboratory
Reference: 5-9
Date: 1978-1979
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates
Analysis: Radian Corporation
Reference: 5-9
Date: 1978-1979
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Initial BAT Survey (Screening
Phase)
The aluminum forming sampling program included 22 plants. The
screening phase involved collection of samples from most waste
streams in the aluminum forming category (109 streams sampled).
The samples were collected and analyzed according to the April
1977 EPA protocol.
The sampling program involved one time grab samples and 24-hour,
48-hour, or 72-hour manual and automatic composite samples. The
samples were collected through teflon and tygon tubing, with a
tubing blank collected during the sampling program. Blanks for
the volatile organic acid (VGA) samples were also collected.
They were prepared by pouring organic-free water into sample
bottles while at the sampling site, thereby giving an indication
of the VGA concentrations present in the atmosphere during sam-
pling. Samples of the source water used as make-up in the pro-
duction process were collected so that the concentration of
pollutants present in the background could be determined.
The screening samples were split at NUS Corporation for metals
analysis. One aliquot of each sample received by NUS Corporation
was sent to EPA Region V laboratories for analysis using coupled
argon plasma emission spectrophotometry (ICAP) (Ca, Mg, Na, Ag,
B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, V, Y, Zn) .
NUS Corporation analyzed using AA spectrophotometry (Sb, As, Se,
Tl, Hg).
Procedures; Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The verification phase was intended to investigate only the
priority pollutants identified during the screening phase but due
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-36
-------
to time constraints, the verification samples were analyzed for
almost all of the priority pollutants. The protocol for sampling
and analysis during the verification phase was the April 1977 EPA
protocol.
Verification samples were analyzed for metals using the AA. Only
metals shown to be significant in the aluminum forming categories
or those expected to consume large amounts of lime were analyzed
(Sb, As, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo,
Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, V, Y, Zn, Hg). All of the organic priority
pollutants were analyzed in the verification phase as well as the
screening phase (with the exception of TCDD) using the April 1977
EPA protocol. The seven polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) on the
list of priority pollutants for analytical identification and
quantification are difficult to separate for analyses. For that
reason, the concentrations of the polychlorinated biphenyls are
reported by the analytical laboratory in two groups: one group
consists of PCB-1242, PCB-1254 and PCB-1221; the other group
consists of PCB-1232, PCB-1248, PCB-1260, and PCB-1018. For
convenience, the first group is referred to as PCB-1254 and the
second as PCB-1248.
V.7.3.8 Battery Manufacturing
Volume II Reference: Section II.8.2
Data Sets:
1. -Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Hamilton Standard
Analysis: Several contractors
Reference: 5-10
Date: Summer 1978
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Hamilton Standard
Analysis: Several contractors
Reference: 5-10
Date: Summer 1978
Procedures; Data Set - Initial BAT Survey (Screening
Phase)
The battery manufacturing industry sampling program was conducted
at 19 plants. For the screening phase, influent water, raw
wastewater, and treated effluent samples from a single plant in
each subcategory were analyzed for all of the priority pollutants
under consideration. Sampling and analysis used the April 1977
EPA protocol.
Samples were obtained for the total process wastewater before and
after treatment. At plants where a single combined raw waste
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-37
-------
stream or treated effluent did not exist, samples from each
discrete waste source were flow proportionally composited to
represent the total waste streams for screening.
Samples were collected at each site on three successive days.
Except where production or wastewater discharge patterns pre-
cluded it, 24-hour flow proportioned composite samples were
obtained. Composite samples were prepared either by using con-
tinuously operating automatic samplers or by compositing grab
samples obtained manually once each hour. For batch operations
the samples were prepared by compositing grab samples from each
batch. Wastewater flow rates, pH, and temperature were measured
at each sampling point on an hourly basis or for batch opera-
tions, when each sample was taken. At the end of each sampling
day, aliguots of each composite sample were taken for analysis
for organic priority pollutants, metals, and for TSS, cyanide,
ammonia, and oil and grease. Grab samples were taken for analy-
sis for volatile organic compounds and for total phenols because
these parameters would not remain stable during compositing.
Analysis for metals used plasma arc spectograph techniques.
Analysis for organic priority pollutants was performed by gas
chromatograph-mass spectrometer techniques as described in the
April 1977 EPA protocol. Analysis was not performed for dioxin,
alkyl expoxides, and xylenes because established analytic tech-
niques were not available.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The data collected during the verification phase were developed
to provide a characterization of process wastewater from each
distinct process operation, the total waste stream, and the
effluent from waste treatment. The sampling methods used were
similar to those for the screening phase survey, the April 1977
EPA protocol.
Analysis was performed for a limited number of the priority pollut-
ants during the verification phase. The results of the screen-
ing phase were used to delete from the analyses the priority
pollutants not found in the industry. As a result, sixteen
parameters were studied for the cadmium subcategory, twenty-eight
for the lead subcategory, sixteen for the Leclanche subcategory,
and thirty-three for the zinc subcategory.
The analytic methods during the verification phase included
atomic absorption for metals analyses. The organic priority
pollutants were analyzed using either the GC-MS or a gas chroma-
tograph alone. The sampling and analysis were performed using
April 1977 EPA screening protocol.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-38
-------
V.7.3.9 Coil Coating
Volume II Reference: Section II.8.3
Data Sets;
1. Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Hamilton Standard
Analysis: Several contractors
Reference: 5-11
Date: Summer 1978
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Hamilton Standard
Analysis: Several Contractors
Reference: 5-11
Date: Summer 1978
Procedures: Data Set 1 - Initial BAT Survey (Screening
Phase)
Screening samples of incoming water, total raw waste, and final
effluent were obtained using the April 1977 EPA protocol for one
plant in each subcategory (steel, galvanized, and aluminum) for
a total of three plants. For all sampling programs, flow propor-
tioned composite samples, or the equivalent for batch operations,
were taken while the plant was in operation. Blank samples were
taken to detect pollutants introduced by the sampling equipment.
Where applicable, incoming water samples were also collected and
analyzed.
Analysis for all parameters followed the April 1977 EPA protocol
with the exception of certain metals analyses. The ICAP method
was used for beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel,
and zinc.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
Verification sampling was done at 2 of the 3 plants where screen-
ing was done, and at 10 additional plants for a total of 12
plants. The method of gathering, shipping, and analyzing the
samples for verification followed the June 1977 EPA verification
protocol. Verification samples were taken for every operation
which discharges or uses process water. The inlet water also was
analyzed for background pollutant levels.
The analysis of organic priority pollutants followed the April
1977 EPA protocol methodology for all pollutants analyzed except
as follows. The June 1977 EPA verification protocol was followed
for 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-trans-dichloro-
ethylene, 1,4-dimethylphenol, and phenol. Metals were analyzed
using atomic absorption.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-39
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V.7.3.10 Copper Forming
These data will be included when this industry is included in
Volume II.
V.7.3.11 Electrical and Electronic Components
Volume II Reference; Section II.8.5
Data Sets:
1. Unpublished EPA Study
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-12
Date: Unspecified
2. BAT Survey
Sampling: Hamilton Standard
Analysis: Several Contractors
Reference: 5-12
Date: 1979-1980
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Unpublished EPA Study
A preliminary and unpublished EPA study of the electrical and
electronics components category included sampling visits to nine
plants. These visits included facilities in the product areas:
transformers, carbon and^graphite products, semiconductors (three
plants), capacitors (two plants), and electric lamps (two plants).
Procedures; Data Set 2 - BAT Survey
Sampling visits were made to 24 plants in the industry. The
sampling program consisted of up to three days of sampling.
Sampling and analysis were performed according to the April 1977
EPA protocol.
Samples were flow proportioned composites or the equivalent grab
sample composite taken over the period the plant was in opera-
tion. Sample points included raw wastewater, treated effluent,
and process steps of interest. Analysis included the on-site
determination of flow, pH, and temperature. A laboratory in the
vicinity analyzed for total cyanide, fluoride, total organic
carbon, biochemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, phenols, and
total suspended solids within 24 hours of sample collection.
Metals and organic priority pollutants were analyzed by EPA
contractors selected by the Effluent Guidelines Division Sample
Control Center.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-40
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V.7.3.12 Foundries
Volume II Reference; Section II.8.6
Data Sets;
1. Original Guidelines Survey
Sampling: NUS Corporation
Analysis: NUS Corporation
Reference: 5-13
Date: 1974
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: NUS Corporation
Analysis: NUS Corporation
Reference: 5-13
Date: 1976
Procedures: Data Set 1 - Original Guidelines Survey
The original guidelines survey included sampling and analysis for
19 facilities. The metals data associated with that survey were
developed using Standard Methods. The data are presented along
with the BAT survey data in the source.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The BAT Survey was conducted at 23 facilities. The sampling and
analysis followed the April 1977 EPA protocol. The first day of
each sampling effort was used only to determine the presence in
the wastewater for all 129 priority pollutants. The following
two day sampling effort was intended to verify the screening re-
sults, quantify the pollutant loads, and determine treatment
effectiveness.
Analysis for metals in the first day screening samples included
all metals in the list of 129 priority pollutants. Only metals
detected in the screening sample were analyzed for in the verifi-
cation samples. All organic priority pollutants were analyzed
for in both the screening and verification samples.
V.7.3.13 Metal Finishing
Volume II Reference: Section II.8.7
Data Sets:
BAT Survey (Screening and Verification Phases)
Sampling: Hamilton Standard
Analysis: Several
Reference: 5-14
Date: 1978 - 1979
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-41
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2. Previous EPA Studies
2a. Machinery and Mechanical Products Manufacturing
Category
2b. Electroplating Category
2c. Electroless Plating and Printed Circuit Board
Manufacturing Segments of the Electroplating
Category
2d. Printing and Publishing Category
2e. Mechanical and Electrical Products Category
2f. Copper and Copper Alloy Manufacturing Category
2g. Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy
2h. Iron and Steel Manufacturing Category
Reference: 5-14
3. Pilot Plant Study
Sampling: Abcor, Inc.
Analysis: Walden Research Division of Abcor, Inc.
Reference: 5-41
Date: 1977
Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening and
Verification Phases)
A total of 198 manufacturing facilities were visited during the
survey. The survey was performed in two analysis groups. For
the first group, analyses included on-site, local laboratory, EPA
laboratory, GC/MS laboratory, and a central laboratory. The
second group used on-site, local laboratory, and EPA contracted
metals and GC/MS laboratory analysis. Sampling and analysis were
performed using the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Samples consisted of 24-hour composites for each sample point for
two or three consecutive days. On-site measurements performed
for both groups included flow rate, pH, and temperature. Special
grab samples were collected on a selective basis from certain
plants to obtain data related to specific unit operations, pro-
cess variations, or rinsing operations.
Analysis was performed within a 24-hour period by a local labora-
tory for total cyanide, cyanide amenable to chlorination, TSS,
oil and grease, and phenols, for the first analysis group. The
second analysis group also used a local laboratory to analyze
within a 24-hour period, for total cyanide, oil and grease,
ammonia nitrogen, TOC, TSS, BOD, and phenols. Metals were ana-
lyzed in the first analysis group by an EPA laboratory for a
screening analysis to establish metals present in the samples.
Metals in the second analysis group were analyzed by an EPA
contractor laboratory.
Analysis for organic priority pollutants for the first analysis
group included a screening analysis of selected samples, using
GC/MS, and independent analysis of all samples by a central con-
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-42
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tractor laboratory to verify the levels of metals, organics, and
total dissolved solids. The second analysis group samples all
were analyzed for organic priority pollutants by an EPA contrac-
tor laboratory.
Procedures; Data Set 2 - Previous EPA Studies
The previous EPA studies provided information on the process raw
wastes generated by the metal finishing operations, the degree of
segregation within the industry, and the treatment utilized by
the industry. The protocols used in developing these data are
not described in the reference.
Procedures: Data Set 3 - Pilot Plant Study
Field tests were performed at two sites to investigate use of
reverse osmosis in a complete recycle scheme for copper cyanide
plating wastes. The pilot feed was continuously collected from
the operating plating systems and fed to the pilot RO unit.
Samples from the pilot unit were obtained for the permeate stream,
feed stream, and concentrate stream in that order, through valves
in the system.
Analytic methods included a pH meter for pH, gravimetric tech-
niques for total solids, atomic absorption for copper, and an ion
selective electrode for free cyanide.
V.7.3.14 Photographic Equipment and Supplies
Volume II Reference; Section II.8.8
Data Sets:
1. BAT Survey (Screening)
Sampling: Hamilton Standard
Analysis: Hamilton Standard
Reference: 5-15
2. BAT Survey (Additional Sampling)
Sampling: Hamilton Standard
Analysis: Hamilton Standard
Reference: 5-15
Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening)
A total of 26 plants were visited during this program and a
wastewater sampling program was conducted at 16 of these plants.
The screening survey sampled and analyzed for all 129 priority
pollutants except TCDD. Classical pollutants were also tested
for during this program. The sampling and analysis performed
during this study followed the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-43
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The object of screening was to determine by sampling and analysis
which pollutants were present in plant wastewater in each product
subcategory. Each sample was a 72-hour flow proportioned com-
posite sample except for the thermal subcategory. Thermal plant
samples were composited over a 24-hour period. Where automatic
samplers could not be used grab samples were taken at intervals
during the sampling period and composited manually.
Screen sample analysis was performed both at on-site laboratories
and local labs. Organic pollutants were analyzed by the April
1977 EPA protocol GC/MS method and metals by the ICAP technique.
Procedures; Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Additional Sam-
pling)
The object of additional sampling (beyond screening) was to
provide a quantitative data base to describe the discrete waste-
water sources and effectiveness of various treatment systems for
the photographic segment. Up to five plants were sampled for up
to three days per subcategory; the plants in the screening survey
also were subjected to this additional sampling.
Sampling involved collection of 24 hour flow proportioned samples
or the equivalent (for batch operations) of incoming plant water,
total raw waste, final effluent to silver recovery units, R&D
wastes, and testing wastes. At some plants, additional samples
were collected to segregate other industrial waste streams from
total raw wastes collected. In the photographic chemicals sub-
category, grab samples were collected from tank washdowns of
major product mixes. Sampling used the April 1977 protocol.
The analysis of the samples used the April 1977 EPA protocol. A
central laboratory analyzed for only those parameters which were
found during the screening analysis and parameters delineated as
applicable from responses to EPA data collection portfolio (dcp)
requests.
V. 7.3.15 Plastics Processing
These data will be included when this industry is included in
Volume II.
V.7.3.16 Porcelain Enameling
Volume II Reference: Section II.8.10
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-44
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Data Sets:
1. Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Hamilton Standard
Analysis: Several contractors
Reference: 5-16
Date: Summer 1978
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Hamilton Standard
Analysis: Several contractors
Reference: 5-16
Date: Summer 1978
Procedures: Data Set 1 - Initial BAT Survey (Screening
Phase)
The screening survey was performed at one facility in each basis
material subcategory. The sampling was done during the first day
of a three day visit (the other two days were associated with the
verification phase evaluations). Analysis was performed on all
129 priority pollutants for the screening survey. The purpose of
the survey was to limit the number of priority pollutants re-
quiring analysis during the verification phase. Sampling and
analysis were performed according to the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Sampling was done for one day using flow proportional composite
samplers. A total raw wastewater sample, treated wastewater
sample, and raw water sample were obtained and analyzed. Metals
were analyzed using the ICAP method, with a GC/MS used for organ-
ics analysis.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
Verification sampling was done at 15 plants. For five of these
plants, verification sampling represented the remaining two days
of the three-day screening-verification program. At all of the
plants, samples were taken of the plant incoming water, final
effluent, and discrete raw wastewater sources. Flow proportioned
composite samples or the equivalent (for batch operations) were
taken over the time period that the plant was in operation, and
were analyzed according to the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Analysis varied according to the stability of the parameters to
be analyzed. On-site analysis was performed by the sampler at
the facility for flow rate, pH, and temperature. A laboratory in
the vicinity of the subject plant analyzed for total cyanide,
cyanide amenable to chlorination, oil and grease, phenols (4-AAP
method), and total suspended solids. The analyses were performed
by the local laboratory within a six hour period after each day's
composite sample was prepared.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-45
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The remaining analyses were performed by a central laboratory.
Analysis involved only those parameters which were selected after
screening for verification analyses. In addition, special sam-
ples were taken of various process solutions to determine their
organic or metals content and these samples were analyzed at the
central laboratory. Analysis of metals involved the atomic
absorption method. Analysis of organic priority pollutants used
the April 1977 EPA protocol for 21 pollutants. The June 1977 EPA
verification protocol was used for: 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-
trichloroethane, 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene, 2,4-dimethylphenol,
phenol, toluene, and trichloroethylene.
V.7.3.17 Adhesives and Sealants
Volume II Reference; Section II.9.1
Data Sets;
1. Grace Pilot Plant Study
Sampling: Abcor, Inc.
Analysis: Abcor, Inc.
Reference: 5-45
Date: 1976-1977
2. San Leandro Pilot Plant Study
Sampling: W.R. Grace; Abcor, Inc.
Analysis: Abcor, Inc.
Reference: 5-45
Date: 1976-1977
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Walden Pilot Plant Study
This data set concerns a pilot study performed at the Grace
Chicago Plant. Reverse osmosis tests were run on the wastewater
samples from this plant. Data concerning classical pollutants
were gathered using unspecified methods.
Procedures; Data Set 2 - San Leandro Pilot Plant Study
A pilot scale study on the effectiveness of sedimentation treat-
ment technology was performed on-site at the San Leandro, Cali-
fornia, adhesives and sealants plant. Wastewater was sampled at
the influent and effluent to the pilot plant. The analytic
methods were not specified.
V.7.3.18 Explosives Manufacture
Volume II Reference: Section II.9.2
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-46
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Data Sets;
1. BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Hydroscience
Analysis: Hydroscience
Reference: 5-17
Date: 1978-1979
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Hydroscience
Analysis: Hydroscience
Reference: 5-17
Date: 1978-1979
3. Original Guidelines
Sampling: Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Analysis: Weston, Inc.
Reference: 5-18
Date: 1974
Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
The screening phase of this program was established in order to
develop BAT data for the explosives industry. Sampling and
analysis methods were the April 1977 EPA protocol. EPA requested
that, in addition to the list of 129 priority pollutants, anal-
yses also be done for conventional pollutants and other "com-
pounds of concern." The chemicals that comprised these compounds
of concern included: ammonia, inorganic nitrate, elemental
phosphorus, nitrated organics (TNT, RDX, HMX, nitrocellulose,
nitroglycerin, dinitroglycerin, PETN, nitroguanidine, styphnates,
picrates, tetryl, nitrated toluene isomers, amino-nitrotoluene
isomers, nitrodiphenylamine, other nitrated organics), and
diphenylamine.
Samples of continuously flowing effluents were collected by means
of automatic samplers when safety considerations permitted. When
this was not possible, a series of grab samples were collected
manually. Unit operations involving batch wastewater discharges
were sampled by use of a single grab sample or a series of grab
samples from several batches, depending on the frequency of
discharge.
Analysis of the samples used the April 1977 EPA protocol methods.
Organic priority pollutant analyses were performed using GC/MS.
Mercury analysis was done by the cold vapor technique. Phenol
levels were determined by the 4-AAP method. Cyanide analysis was
done by the colorimetric method. Approved EPA procedures were
used for analyses for classical pollutants, except for nitrate,
which was done by an alternative method. Quality assurance
procedures in the April 1977 EPA protocol were followed through-
out the analytical program.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-47
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Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
After the screening analysis was completed for the various plant
sites, the results were reviewed with EPA and specific pollutants
were selected for verification analysis. Selections were based
not on concentration in the wastewater but primarily on the mass
quantities of pollutants being discharged. In addition, specific
pollutants were selected that were commonly found in the waste-
waters from the subcategory or were indicated to be present in
the raw materials used. In many cases it was decided not to
verify low levels of organic priority pollutants in small-volume
wastewaters. Volatile organic acid (VOA) results that indicated
high levels of methylene chloride were not verified in most cases
because the screening samples were found to have been inadvertent-
ly contaminated during sampling. (For wastewaters from plants
manufacturing explosives (nitroglycerin) the VOA vials were
filled with diluted wastewater from larger sample bottles, which
had been rinsed with methylene chloride as part of the bottle
preparation procedure.)
Sampling and analysis procedures used the April 1977 EPA proto-
col.
Procedures: Data Set 3 - Original Guidelines
Weston Inc. compiled data on classical pollutants and raw waste
loads in this original guidelines survey. The program covered
four subcategories: manufacture of explosives, manufacture of
propellants, load assemble and pack plants, and manufacture of
initiating compounds.
V.7.3.19 Gum and Wood Chemicals
Volume II Reference; Section II.9.3
Data Sets:
1. BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Environmental Science and Engineering (ESE)
Analysis: ESE
Reference: 5-19
Date: April 1978 to May 1978
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: ESE
Analysis: ESE
Reference: 5-19
Date: March 1978 to October 1978
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-48
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Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Five plants were sampled during the screening sampling, repre-
senting six of the seven major Gum and Wood Chemicals subcate-
gories. A single 24-hour composite sample was collected for
analysis. Sampling was conducted according to April 1977 EPA
protocol.
Analysis followed the April 1977 EPA protocol except that the
principal analytical method for identification and quantification
of organic priority pollutants was repetitive scanning gas chroma-
tography/electron capture detector (GC/ECD). The metals were
analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The verification sampling and analysis program was intended to
obtain quantitative data for each subcategory on the priority
pollutants selected during the screening program. The plants for
sampling were chosen to represent the full range of in-place
process and wastewater treatment technology for each subcategory.
Nine plants were sampled during verification sampling.
Sampling methods used the April 1977 EPA protocol. Three con-
secutive 24-hour composite samples of the raw wastewater, final
treated effluent, and in appropriate cases, effluent from inter-
mediate treatment steps were obtained at each plant. A single
grab sample of incoming fresh process water was also .obtained at
each plant.
Analysis followed the methods in the June 1977 EPA protocol.
V.7.3.20 Pesticide Manufacturing
Volume II Reference: Not included at this time.
Data Sets;
1. Various Studies
Sampling: Environmental Science and Engineering
Analysis: ESE
Reference: 5-44
Data: Unspecified
Procedures: Data Set 1 - Various Studies
Data from various studies were assembled, representing a mixture
of historical data as well as data obtained more recently. The
sampling and analysis techniques employed during this study were
not clearly defined. Classical pollutant parameters were sampled
and analyzed for during this study.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-49
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V. 7.3.21 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Volumn II Reference: Section II.9.5
Data Sets;
1. Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: EPA Regional Personnel
Analysis: Several Contractors
Reference: 5-20
Date: 1978-79
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: EPA Regional Personnel
Analysis: Hydroscience
Reference: 5-20
Date: 1978-79
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Initial BAT Survey (Screening
Phase)
The screening survey program was designed to determine the pres-
ence o,f priority pollutants in the industry wastewaters. The
sampling and analysis were performed using the April 1977 EPA
protocol. The survey included 26 plants in the industry.
Sampling normally involved collection of 24-hour samples. How-
ever, a shorter sampling period was used (typically 8 hours) when
operations were less than 24-hour, as well as a longer sampling
period (generally on the order of 48 hours) when plant operations
fluctuated to an extent that a shorter time would not be adequate.
Samples were collected at the influent to and effluent from the
treatment facility, as well as other inplant locations.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The verification program was designed to confirm the data ob-
tained during the screening program and to quantify the concen-
trations, loadings, and percent reduction of the pollutants
identified. The survey involved five plants.
Sampling generally involved the collection of three days of
24-hour composite samples. Sampling followed the methods in the
April 1977 EPA protocol.
Analysis followed the April 1977 EPA protocol, but with a more
detailed QA/QC program. The program included analyses of dupli-
cate extractions for samples collected on the first day of verifi-
cation sampling. Samples taken on the second and third days of
verification sampling were extracted and analyzed, spiked with
appropriate amounts of pollutants, and reanalyzed for pollutants
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-50
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3. RBC Pilot Scale Study
Sampling: Swanson - Oswald Assc.
Analysis: Swanson - Oswald Assc.
Reference: 5-62
Date: November 1977 - March 1978
Procedures: Data Set 3 - RBC Pilot Scale Study
A pilot scale study of rotating biological contactors was con-
ducted at a gum and wood chemicals manufacturing plant. Sampling
and analysis followed standard methodology, outlined in Standard
Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater, 14th edition,
American Public Health Organization, with a few modifications.
Sampling consisted of, at the minimum, bi-weekly grab samples.
Collected samples were preserved on ice until arrival at the
laboratory. Pollutant analysis consisted of standard method
procedures from the above mentioned protocol as well as parallel
and additional analysis using other established methods. The
purpose of multiple analysis was to quantify the accuracy of
methods chosen when presenting data as well as to further develop
the data base. Data are a representation of these analytical
methods without analysis specific designation.
Date: 11/8/82 Change 2 V.7-49a
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identified above detectable limits. Spike recoveries were calcu-
lated from the data generated during these analyses. All samples
not analyzed, spiked, and reanalyzed within 72 hours of sample
collection were subjected to an additional spiking, holding, and
analysis.
V.7.3.22 Nonferrous Metals
Volume II Reference: Section 11.10
Data Sets
1. BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates
Analysis: NUS Corporation
Reference: 5-21
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates
Analysis: NUS Corporation
Reference: 5-21
Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
The screening phase was initiated in order to identify which
priority pollutants were present in the wastewaters from produc-
tion of various metals. This study was conducted at 13 plants.
Sampling and analysis methods used the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Sampling methods employed during this study were 72-hour or three
24-hour composites where possible. Grab samples were taken where
automatic sampling was not possible. Tubing blanks were collect-
ed in the field by passing approximately one gallon of organic-
free water through new tubing just before samples were collected.
The methods for organics analysis were the April 1977 EPA proto-
col. Metals were analyzed by atomic absorption (antimony, arsenic,
selenium, silver, and thallium) and inductively coupled argon
plasma emission spectrometric analysis (beryllium, cadmium,
chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc). Mercury was detected
by cold vapor flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Asbestos
was analyzed using the transmission electron microscope.
Procedures; Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The verification phase was used to determine whether the pollut-
ants identified by screen sampling were present throughout a
subcategory, and if so, at what concentrations. Sampling and
analysis procedures used the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-51
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Sampling methods followed the April 1977 EPA protocol. Tubing
blanks were collected in the laboratory by passing three gallons
of organic-free water through segments of tubing in a 72-hour
period. The intake water to the treatment plant was also sampled
during the verification phase.
The analysis of the verification samples used the April 1977 EPA
protocol, with metals analyzed by AA and ICAP techniques as
during screening. No analysis was performed for asbestos.
V.7.3.23 Ore Mining and Dressing
Volume II Reference; Section 11.11
Data Sets:
1. BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Calspan Advanced Technology Center
Analysis: Calspan, Gulf South Research Inst., Teledyne
Isotopes
Reference: 5-22
Date: 1977-1979
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Calspan
Analysis: Calspan, GSRI, Teledyne
Reference: 5-22
Date: 1977-1979
3. Additional Sampling (Screen and nonscreen)
Sampling: Calspan
Analysis: Calspan, GSRI, Teledyne
Reference: 5-22
Date: Unspecified
4. Monitoring Program
Sampling: Calspan
Analysis: Calspan
Reference: 5-22
Date: August 1978
Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
The screening phase of this study encompassed 20 facilities.
Sampling and analysis used the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Automatic sampling equipment was employed where practicable and
on all effluent waste streams. Samples were composited on a
24-hour basis for one, two, or three days. Sampling and analysis
of raw and treated effluent streams, process source water, and
intermediate process or treatment steps were performed.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-52
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Analysis included 123 elements and organic compounds on the
priority pollutants list, as supplied to the contractor by EPA in
the spring of 1977. Seven additional parameters were also ana-
lyzed for as requested by EPA:
pH TOG
TSS radium 226 (total)
VSS radium 226 (dissolved)
COD
Metals analysis was done by atomic absorption with beryllium also
measured by inductively coupled argon plasma emission technique
(ICAP). The pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography using
the electron capture detection method. Organic pollutants were
detected using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
method. Radium detection was accomplished by a radioassay method
using a scintillation counter or proportional counter. The
transmission electron microscope was used to determine the asbes-
tos concentration. Classical pollutants were analyzed by approved
standard analytical methods.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The verification phase of this study encompassed 6 facilities
including 3 from the screening phase. Sampling procedures follow-
ed the April 1977 EPA protocol. The procedures used during the
verification phase were the same as for Data Set 1. The first
sample of a three day 24-hour sampling program was used for
screening the 123 pollutants. The other two samples taken were
used for the verification of pollutants detected during the
initial screen.
Analysis for priority pollutants was reported to follow the April
1977 EPA protocol or the June 1977 EPA protocol. The source does
not distinguish between the compounds analyzed by the alternative
protocol methods.
Procedures: Data Set 3 - Additional Sampling
Two sites were sampled after completion of the verification
sampling trips. At one molybdenum/tungsten/tin mine/mill opera-
tion, a complete screen-sampling effort was performed to deter-
mine the presence of priority pollutants as well as to collect
data on treatment performance. A uranium mine/mill operation was
sampled to collect data on a facility practicing removal of
radium 226 by ion exchange.
Sampling and analysis procedures used during this phase of the
study were the April 1977 EPA protocol. Samples at the uranium
mine/mill were not analyzed for organic priority pollutants.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-53
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Procedures; Data Set 4 - Monitoring Program.
In August 1978, comprehensive studies of the treatability of
wastewater streams from ore mining and milling facilities were
initiated by Calspan Corporation under contract to EPA. The
primary purpose of this program was to delineate the capabilities
of "polishing" treatment technologies, mine-water treatment
technology, technologies for the treatment of uranium mill waste-
water, and generally to expand the data base in areas for which
little or no information was previously available. In addition,
operating conditions of the pilot-scale system used in the
studies were varied at each site to clarify engineering and
economic considerations associated with the design and cost
analysis of fullscale versions of the treatment schemes in-
vestigated.
The EPA sponsored study was conducted at seven facilities. The
Calspan Mobile Environmental Treatment Plant was used in the
on-site pilot scale study. Fifteen parameters (pH, total sus-
pended solids, and the 13 metals identified as priority pollut-
ants by EPA) were monitored at all sites. Additional parameters
of significance, such as iron, aluminum, molybdenum, vanadium,
radium .226, and uranium were also monitored at pertinent sites.
Sampling and analysis procedures used in the pilot-scale study
followed the April 1977 EPA protocol.
V.7.3.24 Organic Chemicals
Volume II Reference: Section 11.12
Data Sets:
1. Pilot Study
Sampling: Gulf South Research Institute
Analysis: Gulf South Research Institute
Reference: 5-23
2. Pilot Study
Sampling: University of California Dept. of Chemical
Engineering
Analysis: U.C. Department of Chemical Engineering
Reference: 5-24
Date: 1975
3. BAT Survey (Verification Data)
Sampling: No fixed protocol
Analysis: Protocol varied in the extent of QA/QC.
Initial QC program consisted of one spike
every three samples and increased to one
spike or duplicate each sample.
Reference: 5-54
Date: 1978-1979
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-54
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4. Generic Process Long-Term Sampling
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-55
Date: 1979
5. Data Collection Portfolio Analyses
Sampling: Self-sampling by industry
Analysis: Self-analyses by industry
Reference: 5-60
Date: Unspecified
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Pilot Study
The pilot-scale study encompassed three technologies: activated
carbon adsorption, steam stripping, and chemical oxidation.
The chemical oxidation treatment technology used a stirred tank
reactor for an ozonation study. The stirred tank reactor was
operated in the semibatch mode, and ozone gas was fed continually
to a constant volume of wastewater. The standard potassium
iodide method was used to analyze the ozone concentration in the
feed and exit gases and in the liquid. Liquid samples were
analyzed for total organic carbon with a Beckman 915 TOC analyzer
and for composition with a gas chromatograph.
The steam stripping pilot study was developed to evaluate its
effectiveness in removing trace contaminants. The overhead
samples were composited hourly along with a grab sample. The
bottoms from the steam stripper were monitored through a sight
glass and valve on the column. The feeds for the pilot steam
stripper were received in 210-liter drums and fed to the strip-
per. Steam rate to the pilot stripper was measured by a U-type
manometer across an orifice plate.
Carbon adsorption treatment technology was tested on a pilot
scale at three facilities. Tests were run to obtain breakthrough
data for different types of carbon columns. The pilot scale
units were operated at the process effluent streams. Since
removal of organics would be indicated by a reduction in oxygen
demand, total carbon and total oxygen demand (TOD) measurements
on the influent to and effluent from the carbon column were made.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected by a gas chromatograph.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - Pilot Study
Pilot-scale studies were conducted at the University of Cali-
fornia on the effectiveness of solvent extraction. Samples taken
from the effluent streams were analyzed using a gas chromatograph.
The sampling and analysis was centered around detection of the
volatile organics and a few selected classical pollutants.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-55
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Procedures: Data Set 3 - Biological Treatment Study
(excerpted from Verification Data)
The BAT survey data involved 28 plants with 600 observations.
The survey used a heavy QA/QC, including 600 values to identify
accuracy. The data for organic priority pollutants are corrected
for recovery estimates, as determined by the QA/QC program. The
data for metals and cyanides are not recovery corrected.
Sampling followed a flexible but targeted protocol. Composite
samples were obtained. For continuous processes, a composite of
6, 8, or 12 hours was developed. For batch processes, a flow-
weighted composite was developed. One sample was taken each day
for three days. Flow was measured or estimated at each sampling
point.
Analysis did not follow a fixed protocol. The detection and
guantitation of the organic priority pollutants used gas
chromatograph-conventional detector techniques, supplemented by a
QC program. The rigid QA/QC procedure for the analysis of the
three composite samples for each sampling location included two
composites spiked and one duplicated. GC/MS analysis was done on
a small percentage of the samples (-10%) to confirm that the
compound being quantified had been accurately identified.
Procedures: Data Set 4 - Generic Process Long-Term
Sampling
This study included a 30 day analysis at one plant and a 20 day
analysis at a different plant. Samples were developed for a
production area within the plants, where a variable mix of 50-75
product/processes were being operated concurrently every day.
The sample represented a 24-hour composite of the combined
effluent from the product/processes. The sampling methods used
were not specified.
The analytical protocol used GC/MS methods. Quality assurance/
quality control was provided using the "stable-label" technique.
This involves the spiking of samples with isotopes of the pri-
ority pollutants, for concurrent analysis and recovery estimates.
Procedures; Data Set 5 - Data Collection Portfolio Analyses
The data collection portfolio (dcp) request was developed by EPA
under the authority of Section 308 of the Clean Water Act. In-
cluded in responses to the dcp request were data on the perfor-
mance of in-place wastewater treatment systems. The sampling and
analysis methods for the reported data were not specified in the
evaluation of the data.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-56
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V.7.3.25 Paint and Ink
Volume II Reference: Section 11.13
Data Sets;
1. BAT Survey
Sampling: Burns and Roe
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-25, 26
Date: Unspecified
Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey
This program was initiated in order to detect the priority pollut-
ants in the industry wastewaters. Sampling took place at 22
paint facilities and 6 ink plants. Sampling and analysis pro-
cedures followed "EPA Draft Analytical Protocol for the Measure-
ment of Toxic Substances," October 1976, for both paint and ink
facilities.
Sampling involved composite samples taken at the plants. Since
most paint and ink process wastewater is collected over a period
of time for batch treatment, grab samples were taken at the
majority of the plants.
The analysis of all pollutants followed directly from the methods
in the 1976 protocol.
V.7.3.26 Petroleum Refining
Volume II Reference: Section 11.14
Data Sets:
Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: RSKERL, B&R
Analysis: RSKERL, B&R, MRI, NUS, GSRI, RETA
Reference: 5-27
Date: Unspecified
BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: RSKERL, B&R
Analysis: RSKERL, B&R, MRI, NUS, GSRI, RETA
Reference: 5-27
Date: Unspecified
Historical Data
Sampling: RSKERL, API
Analysis: RSKERL, API
Reference: 5-28
Date: 1972
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-57
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4. Pretreatment Sampling Program
Sampling: Burns and Roe
Analysis: West Coast Technical Service, Pomeroy,
Johnston and Bailery
Reference: 5-27
Date: August 16, 1978 to August 18, 1978
5. Surveillance and Analysis (Screening)
Sampling: EPA Regional Teams
Analysis: EPA
Reference: 5-27
Date: Unspecified
6. Solvent Extraction Pilot Study
Sampling: University of California, Department of
Chemical Engineering
Analysis: University of California, Department of
Chemical Engineering
Reference: 5-24
Date: Unspecified
Procedures: Data Set 1 - BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab (RSKERL) sampled 12
plants and Burns and Roe (B&R) sampled five plants to form this
data set. Analysis of samples was performed by Ryckman, Edgerly,
Tomlinson and Associates (RETA), Midwest Research Institute
(MRI), NUS, Gulf South Research Institute (GSRI) as well as .
RSKERL and B&R. The program was designed to analyze raw waste-
water and final effluent for the presence of toxic pollutants and
measure the effectiveness of in-place treatment in removing toxic
pollutants. The study was performed according to the April 1977
EPA protocol.
Sampling for classical and toxic pollutants generated 24-hour
composites. The individual laboratories combined aliguots from
these samples to obtain 72-hour composites for toxic pollutant
analysis. Grab samples were taken for volatile organics, total
phenols, and cyanides.
Screening analysis for toxic organics and pesticides was carried
out with a GC/MS. Total phenols were analyzed by the 4-AAP
method. Toxic metals were analyzed by atomic absorption spec-
trometry, with flame or graphite furnace atomization following
appropriate digestion of samples. Duplicate samples were ana-
lyzed using the ICAP technique after appropriate digestion.
Cyanide analysis was done by a colorimetric method. Asbestos was
analy-zed by the use of an electron microscope. Classical pollut-
ants were analyzed according to "Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes" (EPA 625/6-74-003).
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-58
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Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The verification phase sampling study contained the 17 plants
visited during screening. Analysis was performed by the same
laboratories as those in Data Set 1.
Sampling procedures for the verification segment of this study
were identical to those used in the screening survey.
Analysis of data entailed further confirmation and quantification
of priority pollutants by GC/MS. All other analysis procedures
were the same as procedures used for screening analysis.
Procedures: Data Set 3 - Historical Data
Classical pollutants were sampled in the raw wastewaters from
five petroleum subcategories. Analyses followed the EPA guide-
lines, "Methods for the Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes
1971."
Procedures; Data Set 4 - Pretreatment Sampling Program
The Pretreatment Sampling program of six indirect discharge
refineries was a continuation of the RSKERL B&R study. Sampling
and analysis techniques employed in this study are identical to
those used in Data Set 2.
Procedures: Data Set 5 - Surveillance and Analysis
(Screening)
The Surveillance and Analysis program also used the established
protocol followed in the RSKERL, B&R study, Data Sets 1,2. EPA
regional teams sampled 8 plants for priority pollutants in con-
junction with their regular monitoring activity.
Procedures: Data Set 6 - Solvent Extraction Pilot
Study
The study involved the sampling and analysis of a solvent ex-
traction pilot plant. The study encompassed five pollutants:
phenol, benzene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and paracresol.
Sampling at the pilot process involved 50 ml samples removed from
the bottom of the equilibrium cell, after purging twice. Analysis
involved six aliquots, five microliters each, which were then
introduced into the gas chromatograph. The chromatograph used
two hydrogen-flame-ionization detectors with linear temperature-
programming capability.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-59
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V.7.3.27 Plastic and Synthetic Materials Manufacturing
Volume II Reference: Section 11.12
Data Sets;
1. Historical Data
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-48
Date: Unspecifid
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Historical Data
These data were collected to characterize classical pollutants in
the various plastic and synthetic materials plants. The sampling
and analysis procedures used in this study are not specified.
Sampling was done for both influent and effluent streams.
V.7.3.28 Pulp and Paperboard Mills and Converted Products
Volume II Reference; Section 11.16
Data Sets;
1. Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: E.G. Jordan, Inc.
Analysis: Gulf States Research Institute
Reference: 5-29
Date: 1978-1979
(Supplemental Phase)
Sampling: EPA Surveillance and Analysis
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-29
Date: 1979
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: E.G. Jordan, Inc.
Analysis: Gulf States Research Institute
Reference: 5-29
Date: 1979
Procedures: Data Set 1 - Initial BAT Survey (Screening and
Supplemental Screening Phase)
The screening phase included evaluations at 11 plants by the EPA
contractor and the supplemental phase included 47 plants sampled
by EPA Surveillance and Analysis teams. Three locations were
sampled, including raw intake water, untreated wastewater, and
treated wastewater. The April 1977 EPA protocol was used.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-60
-------
Sampling included both composite and grab samples during the
3-day survey. Composite sampling was conducted for a period of
72 consecutive hours at the untreated and treated wastewater
locations. Grab samples also were taken once daily at these
locations, and one grab sample was taken during the second day on
the raw water. The composite and grab samples were split in the
field and a set given to representatives of the National Council
for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI).
Analysis included the 129 priority pollutants plus 14 non-conven-
tional pollutants. Organic compounds were analyzed using the
GC/MS. Metals were analyzed using the AA.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
The program investigated 48 priority pollutants and 16 nonconven-
tional pollutants at 60 mills. Screening studies were conducted
simultaneously with the verification study for several mills that
were in categories not surveyed by the earlier screening program.
Sampling included collecting composite and grab samples during a
3-day survey, with 24-hour samples collected. These samples were
divided into five aliquots for analysis. A grab sample was
collected once per day at each location for analysis of volatile
organics, mercury, and cyanide. The samples were split with the
NCASI.
Analysis was generally performed using the April 1977 EPA proto-
col. However, analysis involved the modification of the ref-
erenced protocol for the semivolatile organic compounds. This
involved: (1) acid extraction using methylene chloride at a pH
other tan 2; (2) derivatization of acid-neutral extracts prior to
GC/MS analysis to allow analysis of widely diverse types of
organic compounds in a single injection; (3) use of SCOT capil-
lary gas chromatograph columns to increase the resolution of the
chromatographic patterns.
Routine addition of 3 ppb of Antifoam C to all samples was per-
formed, as recommended by The National Council for Air and Stream
Improvement. No interference was observed due to this.
V.7.3.29 Rubber Processing
Volume II Reference: Section 11.17
Data Sets:
Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Envirodyne
Analysis: Several contractors
Reference: 5-30
Date: 1977-1978
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-61
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2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Euvirodyne
Analysis: Several Contractors
Reference: 5-30
Date: 1978
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Initial BAT Survey (Screening
Phase)
The screening survey covered 10 subcategories of the rubber pro-
cessing industry. The sampling and analysis were performed using
the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Sampling was performed using automatic samplers, where possible,
over a 72-hour period. Where automatic sampling was not possible,
grab samples were composited over the first operating shift. A
raw water intake grab sample was collected during the second day.
The influent and effluent to the wastewater treatment facility
were sampled. A field blank using organic free water was run
through the sampling equipment prior to sampling.
Analysis used the April 1977 EPA protocol with the exceptions:
acrolein and acrylonitrile were analyzed by purge and trap;
d-chloroform was used as the internal standard for volatile
organics; and a 6 meter SC-30 capillary column was used to sepa-
rate phenols. Metals were analyzed using AA for arsenic, se-
lenium, antimony, thallium, and silver, with the remaining ana-
lyzed using ICAP.
Quality assurance included duplicate samples collected in the
field, for random sites. A laboratory standard was added to
sample sets as a blind quality control check on laboratory per-
formance. A standard also was analyzed with the duplicate and
field blank for each sample set. Any results for these samples
that were outside established limits resulted in reanalysis of
the sample set.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
The verification survey included 6 plants in the industry. The
sampling and analysis program included in the collection of waste-
water 'samples within production processes, treatment influent and
effluent, and raw water intake.
Sampling was performed using the April 1977 EPA protocol. Addi-
tional grab samples were collected the first day at each sample
site to allow development of specific analytic methods, if re-
quired.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-62
-------
Methods used for analysis are listed in the reference. These
included: 4-AAP method for total phenols, GC/EC method for
phthalate esters and pesticides, GC/NPD method for volatile
nitrosamines, AA for metals, liquid-liquid extraction method tor
volatile organics, Fritz-Chriswell GC method for phenols, GC
method for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and direct aqueous
injection method for acrolein and acrylonitrile.
Quality assurance included instrument standards, method blanks,
and spikes. The spikes were prepared for the third set of com-
posite samples. The calculated recovery factors for the para-
meters are summarized in Table 7.3.28-1.
V.7.3.30 Soap and Detergent Manufacture
Volume II Reference: Section 11.18
Data Sets;
1. Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: E.G. Jordan Company
Analysis: E.G. Jordan Company
Reference: 5-56
Date: 1977
2. Additional Sampling (Screening)
Sampling: E.G. Jordan, EPA Region VII
Analysis: E.G. Jordan, EPA Region VII
Reference: 5-56
Date: 1979
3. Pilot Plant Study
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-50
Date: 1976
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Initial BAT Survey (Screening
Phase)
The screening study was conducted in 1977 to determine the absence
or presence of toxic compounds in wastewaters discharged from the
various subcategories of the soap and detergent industry. Data
were obtained from eight of the thirteen subcategories. Devia-
tion from the standard protocol during this study resulted in
suspect data for all subcategories sampled except for the spray
dried detergents.
The sampling and analysis procedures followed during the study of
the spray dried detergents subcategory followed the April 1977
EPA protocol.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-63
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TABLE 7.3.28-1.
SUMMARY SPIKE RECOVERY DATA FOR PRIORITY POLLUTANT
ANALYSES IN THE RUBBER PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Recovery (Percent)
Number of
Priority Pollutant Locations
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Acrylonitrile
N-nitrosodiphenylamine
2 , 4-Dimethylphenol
2-Nitrophenol
Phenol
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Nitrobenzene
Toluene
Acenaphthylene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Dichlorobromome thane
1 , 1-Dichloroethylene
Methylene chloride
Tetrachloroethylene
1 , 1 , 1-Trichloroe thane
1,1, 2-Trichloroe thane
Trichloroethylene
5
5
2
1
15
2
1
34
13
3
4
7
6
34
24
21
4
29
7
7
7
7
7
8
25
6
4
22
8
4
4
4
Minimum
50
90
97
-
40
108
-
21
27
89
56
0
24
1
0
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
53
70
20
23
63
3
68
61
130
104
Maximum
110
118
105
-
380
137
-
1030
267
126
95
206
147
222
419
111
76
412
32
1100
300
262
354
270
164
91
170
189
100
91
305
271
Median
110
101
101
118
122
122
92
106
76
109
84
82
63
94
58
42
52
46
5
78
21
55
72
108
62
72
101
39
93
81
290
226
Note - Median value represents the median of the average recovery for each
sampling location; minimum and maximum values are based on reported data.
Date: 9/25/81
V.7-64
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Procedures: Data Set 2 - Additional Sampling (Screening)
The additional screening study was conducted in 1979. The April
1977 EPA protocol was followed for all sampling and analysis work
performed during this study. Nine of the thirteen subcategories
were included in the study. The survey was initiated in order to
determine the concentration of toxic compounds in the industry's
raw wastewater.
Procedures: Data Set 3 - Pilot Plant Study
This study was initiated in order to determine the effectiveness
of the rotating biological contactor in pollutant removability.
The sampling method was unspecified.
Analysis of organics utilized a gas chromatograph with a flame
ionization detector, using methods defined by American Society
for Testing Materials, Methods D-3328-ttaT and D-3257-73, USA.
Atomic absorption was used for metals analyses. The organics
QA/QC program included the spiking of raw wastewater samples with
the organic species to confirm detectability by the method used.
V.7.3.31 Steam Electric Power Plants
Volume II Reference: Section 11.19
Data Sets:
1. Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Hittman Associates, NUS Corporation
Analysis: Carborundum
Reference: 5-31
Date: 1977
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Hittman Associates
Analysis: Richardson Associates, EPA
Reference: 5-31
Date: 1977
3. Surveillance and Analysis
Sampling: EPA Regional Teams
Analysis: EPA
Reference: 5-31
Date: Unspecified
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Initial BAT Survey (Screening
Phase)
The program included analysis at eight plants. The EPA study was
paralleled by the electric power industry, including the separate
sampling and analysis by industry-contracted laboratories.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-65
-------
Sampling involved the collection of grab samples and 24-hour com-
posite samples using automatic equipment. The April 1977 EPA
protocol was used for sampling.
Analysis used analytical procedures that included the GC/MS for
organic pollutants and the AA for metals.
Procedures: Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
Sixteen plants were included in this program initially with two
plants added later to the data base by EPA, since the data were
collected by similar methods and format.
Sampling was performed using the April 1977 EPA protocol. The
collected samples were split with the power industry for their
parallel analysis. The analytic methods used included the GC/MS
or GC for the organic priority pollutants. The inorganics were
analyzed by AA or inductively coupled plasma ICP. Mercury was
analyzed by cold-vapor AA, selenium by fluorometry, and cyanide
by a colorimetric procedure.
Procedures: Data Set 3 - Surveillance and Analysis
The EPA regional Surveillance and Analysis program included
periodic visits to power plants to determine compliance with
NPDES permits. Priority pollutant sampling was conducted at
eight plants. The sampling and analysis procedures were similar
to those used in the screening and verification programs. Ana-
lytical methods included GC/MS for organics and ICAP for in-
organics.
V.7.3.32 Textile Mills
Volume II Reference; Section 11.20
Data Sets:
1. Comprehensive Field Sampling Program (Screening and
Verification Survey, Four Phases)
a. Phase I - Joint ATMI/EPA Mobile-Plant Project
Sampling: ATMI; Monsanto Research Corporation
(MRC)
Analysis: ATMI; MRC
Reference: 5-32
Date: March - May 1977
b. Phase 2 - Untreated and Treated Wastewater
plus Pilot Plant Advanced Treatment
Sampling: Sverdrup and Parcel; EPA
Analysis: MRC
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 V.7-66
-------
Reference: 5-32
Date: May - July 1977
c. Phase 3 - Continuation of Untreated and Treated
Wastewater plus Pilot Plant Advanced Treatment
Sampling: Sverdrup and Parcel; EPA
Analysis: MRC
Reference: 5-32
Date: September - November 1977
d. Phase 4 - Full Scale Advanced, Physiochemical
Treatment Technologies
Sampling: MRC
Analysis: MRC
Reference: 5-32
Date: October 1978
2. Original Guidelines Survey
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-32
Date: Unspecified
3. Pilot Plant Study
Sampling: Texidyne
Analysis: Texidyne
Reference: 5-42
Date: 1975
Procedures: Data Set 1 - Comprehensive Field Sampling Program
(Screening and Verification Phases)
The field sampling program was designed to characterize textile
effluents with respect to the 129 toxic pollutants, for the first
three phases. The fourth phase was designed to evaluate the
effectiveness of advanced treatment technologies in removing or
reducing the levels of toxic pollutants. The four phases of the
survey involved a total of 50 mills. Phase 1 involved 23 loca-
tions in conjunction with the EPA/ATMI pilot plant program, phase
2 involved 8 additional locations and various advanced treatment
modes at 1 location, phase 3 involved 13 additional locations and
various advanced treatment modes at 1 location (previously stud-
ied), and phase 4 involved an additional 10 locations sampled to
investigate day-to-day fluctuation in raw waste and treated
waste. The sampling and analysis followed the April 1977 EPA
protocol.
Samples were collected by composite and grab sampling techniques.
A field blank was collected to monitor contamination of field
equipment. Grab samples were used for raw water samples. At
some mills, eight equally spaced grab samples were used to develop
a composite.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-67
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Analysis of the 129 priority pollutants followed the April 1977
EPA protocol. The GC/MS was used for volatile and non-volatile
organics. Metals were analyzed by ICAP methods (antimony, cad-
mium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, silver, and zinc) and AA
(arsenic, beryllium, mercury, selenium, and thallium). Cyanide,
conventional, and non-conventional pollutants were measured
according to "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 14th Edition."
Procedures; Data Set 2 - Original Guidelines Study
These data represent sampling and analysis to characterize raw
wastewater characteristics. The data represent analysis for
classical pollutants. The sampling and analysis methods are not
specified in the reference.
Procedures: Data Set 3 - Pilot Plant Study
This data set is a compilation of information gathered during a
pilot plant test at a Lafrance Industries textile plant. The
analysis of the treated effluent followed procedures established
in "Standard Methods for the Analysis of Waste and Wastewater,"
Thirteenth Edition, A.P.H.A. 1971.
During the sampling phase several one liter samples of raw waste-
water were collected during work hours and the samples were mixed
at the end of the week to yield a composite sample of wastewater.
Analysis was carried out on-site for pH, color, turbidity, and
conductivity. Stable parameters were measured at the laboratory.
Analysis was performed for classical pollutants using standard
methods. Toxic metals were analyzed using the atomic absorption
(AA) technique. Mercury was also analyzed using the AA but by
the flameless method.
V.7.3.33 Timber Products Processing
Volume II Reference; Section 11.21
Data Sets;
1. Initial BAT Survey (Screening Phase)
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-33
Date: November - December 1976
2. BAT Survey (Verification Phase)
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Unspecified
Reference: 5-33
Date: 1977 - 1978
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-68
-------
4. Pilot Plant Study
Sampling: CARRE, Inc.
Analysis: Clemson University, Texidyne
Reference: 5-61
Date: Sept. 23, 1977 - Sept. 22, 1978
Procedures: Data Set 4 - Pilot Plant Study
This data set is comprised of pilot plant data generated in the
1978 hyperfiltration study conducted at a La France Industries
textile mill. Sample analysis followed standard procedure.
Sampling consisted of one gallon plastic bottle samples collected
periodically and sent to the lab for analysis.
Analysis of membrane flux, color and conductivity rejections were
monitored on site. Color comparisons where determined through
the use of a Bausch and Lomb Spectronic 20 while conductivity
measurements were made using a Balsbaugh conductivity bridge and
dip cell. All other samples were collected and delivered to the
laboratory where analysis was done in accordance with quality
assurance procedures approved for this project.
Date: 11/12/82 Change 2 V.7-68a
-------
3. Historical Data
Sampling: Various
Analysis: Various
Reference: 5-51
Date: Various
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Initial BAT Survey (Screening
Phase)
The survey involved seventeen plants in eleven subcategories.
Sampling and analysis were performed using the EPA protocols:
"Sampling Protocol for Measurement of Toxics," USEPA, October
1976, and the first draft, "Protocol for the Measurement of Toxic
Substances," USEPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Labora-
tory, Cincinnati, October 1976.
Sampling involved preparation of a single 24-hour composite for
the raw and treated wastewater. Analysis was for 124 toxic
pollutants, representing the list available at the time of the
survey. Organics were analyzed using GC/MS, with the exception
of phenol, analyzed using GC/FID. Pesticides and PCB's were
analyzed using GC/ECD. Metals were analyzed using the ICAP
method, except mercury analyzed by the cold vapor technique.
Procedures; Data Set 2 - BAT Survey (Verification
Phase)
The verification survey was designed to obtain quantitative data
on the toxic pollutants identified during the screening program.
The survey included seven wood preserving plants (three sampled
twice), five insulation-board plants (three sampled twice), and
seven hardboard plants (three sampled twice). The sampling and
analysis were performed using the April 1977 EPA protocol.
Sampling involved the collection of three consecutive 24-hour
composite samples of the raw wastewater, final treated effluent,
and in some facilities, at intermediate treatment steps. A grab
sample was collected for raw intake water.
Analysis of the organic pollutants used the GC/MS method. Pesti-
cides and PCB's were analyzed by the use of the GC/ECD. Metals
were analyzed using the AA.
Procedures: Data Set 3 - Historical Data
These data represent a compilation of previous studies. The data
were assembled in conjunction with the BAT Survey.
V.7.3.34 Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Volume II Reference: Section 11.22
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-69
-------
Data Sets;
1. Priority Pollutant in POTW Fate Study
Sampling: Burns and Roe
Analysis: Burns and Roe
Reference: 5-34
Date: July - August 1978
Procedures: Data Set 1 - Priority Pollutant in POTW
(Fate Study)
This study was designed to select the parameters and procedures
for subsequent evaluations. This was a two-plant pilot study.
Sampling extended over a seven-day period, developing 24-hour
composite samples for the influent, effluent before chlorination,
effluent after chlorination, and combined sludge. Grab samples
were obtained for volatile organics analysis.
Analysis of metals used the ICAP method. Organics were analyzed
using GC/MS, following liquid-liquid or purge-and-trap extrac-
tion. Pesticide analysis involved electron capture gas chromato-
graphy.
V.7.3.35 Miscellaneous
Volume II Reference; None
Data Sets:
1. Biodegradation Techniques for Organic Material Disposal
Sampling: SCS Engineers
Analysis: SCS Engineers
Reference: 5-52
Date: December 11, 1977 to December 15, 1977
2. Pilot Study of Complex Industrial Waste Treatment
Sampling: Reichhold Chemical, Inc.; Calgon Inc.
Analysis: RCI, Calgon
Reference: 5-47
Date: July 30, 1970 to March 31, 1971
3. Full Scale Application of Ion Exchange
Sampling: Monsanto Chemical Intermediates Co.
Analysis: Monsanto Chemical Intermediates Co.
Reference: 5-59
Date: 1 July 1979 through 31 July 1980
Procedures; Data Set 1 - Biodegradation Techniques
The study involved the sampling and analysis of wastewater from
treatment facilities and the performance of their organic mate-
rial removal efficiency. Procedures used in this study were the
April 1977 EPA protocol.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-70
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Sampling techniques involved gathering manual and automatic com-
posite samples as well as grab samples where necessary. Samples
were taken at both influent to and effluent from the treatment
facility.
Analysis of all 129 priority pollutants was performed. The
organic materials were analyzed using gas chromotography - mass
spectroscopy (GC/MS).
Procedures; Data Set 2 - Pilot Study
A pilot study was initiated at the Reichhold Chemical Company of
Alabama to develop guidelines in the treatment of various classi-
cal pollutants. 24-hour composite samples were taken at the
influent to and effluent from the pilot plant. The protocol
followed during this study evolved from established procedures in
"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,"
Thirteenth edition.
Procedures; Data Set 3 - Full Scale Application of Ion Exchange
Monsanto has operated an ion exchange system for the removal of
chromium from a cooling tower blowdown. Sampling and analysis of
discharge from the system have been performed in support of the
NPDES permit.
Date: 9/25/81 V.7-71
-------
APPENDIX A
NUMBER OF SOURCE/TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGY DATA SETS
Date: 9/25/81 V.A-1
-------
TABLE A-l. NUMBER OF SOURCE/TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY DATA SETS
Industry/control technology
Full
scale
Data Sets
Pilot
scale
Bench
scale
Adhesives and sealants
Chemical oxidation
Reverse osmosis
Sedimentation
Auto and other laundries
Activated carbon adsorption-granular
Chemical precipitation
Filtration
Flotation
Ultrafiltration
Coal mining
Sedimentation
Rotating biological contactors
Coil coating
Chemical precipitation
Filtration
Sedimentation
Inorganic chemicals manufacturing
Chemical oxidation
Chemical precipitation
Chemical reduction
Filtration
Sedimentation
Stripping-air
Iron and steel manufacturing
Chemical precipitation
Coagulation and flocculation
Filtration
Neutralization
Oil separation
Sedimentation
Solvent extraction
Ultrafiltration
Activated sludge
Leather tanning and finishing
Sedimentation
Activated sludge
Lagoon
Trickling filters
1
1
3
10
6
1
2
2
5
1
4
3
1
1
5
4
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
8
2
1
1
1
1
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2
V.A-2
-------
TABLE A-l. NUMBER OF SOURCE/TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY DATA SETS (CONTINUED)
Data Sets
Industry/control technology
Full
scale
Pilot
scale
Bench
scale
Battery manufacturing
Chemical precipitation
Electrical and electronic components
Activated carbon adsorption-granular
Chemical precipitation
Chemical reduction
Coagulation and flocculation
Filtration
Oil separation
Foundries
Chemical precipitation
Filtration
Sedimentation
Metal finishing
Chemical precipitation
Chemical reduction
Reverse osmosis
Sedimentation
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
9
28
5
Aluminum forming
Chemical precipitation
Chemical reduction
Coagulation and flocculation
Oil separation
Sedimentation
Ultrafiltration
1
1
2
2
1
1
Copper forming
Chemical precipitation
Filtration
Plastics processing
Activated sludge
Porcelain enameling
Chemical precipitation
Gum and wood chemicals
Activated carbon adsorption-granular
Sedimentation
Lagoon
Rotating biological contactor
3
1
1
1
3
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2
V.A-3
-------
TABLE A-l. NUMBER OF SOURCE/TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY DATA SETS (CONTINUED)
Data sets
Full Pilot Bench
Industry/control technology scale scale scale
Pesticide manufacturing
Activated carbon adsorption-granular 1
Pharmaceutical manufacturing
Activated sludge 3
Lagoon-aerated 2
Nonferrous metals manufacturing
Chemical precipitation 2
Ore mining and dressing
Activated carbon adsorption-granular 1
Chemical oxidation 1 2
Chemical precipitation 6 4
Filtration 5
Ion exchange 1 1
Sedimentation 14 2
Organic chemicals
Activated carbon adsorption-granular 14
Chemical oxidation 3
Ion exchange 1
Stripping-steam 6
Solvent extraction 13
Paint and ink formulation
Chemical precipitation 11
Filtration 2
Sedimentation 3
Lagoon 1
Petroleum refining
Activated carbon adsorption - powdered 1 4
Activated carbon adsorption - granular 6 2
Filtration 6
Flotation 1
Solvent extraction 4
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 V.A-4
-------
TABLE A-l. NUMBER OF SOURCE/TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY DATA SETS (CONTINUED)
Industry/control technology
Data Sets
Full
scale
Pilot
scale
Bench
scale
Pulp and paperboard mills
Activated carbon adsorption
- Powdered
- Granular
Filtration
Flotation
Activated sludge
Trickling filter
Rubber processing
Ultrafiltration
Activated sludge
Soap and detergent manufacturing
Rotating biological contactor
Steam electric power plants
Chemical precipitation
Reverse osmosis
Sedimentation
Textile mills
Activated carbon adsorption
- Powdered
- Granular
Chemical oxidation
Chemical precipitation
Coagulation and flocculation
Filtration
Flotation
Reverse osmosis
Ultrafiltration
Activated sludge
Lagoon
Sedimentation
Timber products processing
Reverse osmosis
Ultrafiltration
Activated sludge
Lagoon
Trickling filter
1
1
2
1
1
2
33
4
1
1
12
2
3
2
12
11
3
1
1
7
6
10
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2
V.A-5
-------
TABLE A-l. NUMBER OF SOURCE/TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY DATA SETS (CONCLUDED)
Data sets
Full Pilot Bench
Industry/control technology scale scale scale
Miscellaneous and Unspecified
Activated carbon adsorption-granular 1
Solvent extraction 2
Activated sludge 1 1
Organic and inorganic
Chemical oxidation 1
Chemical precipitation 1
Filtration 1
Activated sludge 2
Totals 248 133 30
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1984 0 - 432-454(Vol V)
Date: 9/25/81 V.A-6
-------
PMVIRONMENTAi
PROTECTION
AGSNCY
ALUS, TEXAS
LISMRY
EPA 600/2-82-OOle
EPA_600/2-82-ooie
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
EWmONMENTA.
^E: October 2, 1980 PROTECTION
AGENCY
EOT: "Treatability Manual" source documents BALLAD ~TY
OM: joAnn JohnsonyfV MPnfli
Chief, Library Services
TO-- Regional librarians
You recently received a five volume set titled "Treat-
ability Manual" (EPA 600/8-80-042 a-e). When this manual
was first being developed the Cincinnati library agreed to
maintain a deposit collection of the source documents and
to establish a backup microfiche file.
After we had designed a rather unsophisticated system,
using a four digit accession number (preceded by 05BT) it
was decided that fiche copies of the source documents should
be distributed to the Regional Libraries. You will be receiv-
ing the fiche within the next week.
Attached you will find a copy of the bibliography from
vol. 5 of the "Treatability Manual" annotated with the
accession numbers, which is how the fiche collection is arranged.
There are a few peculiarities you need to be aware of:
- The "Treatability Manual" bibliography uses cover
titles, not title page titles, most of the time.
- There will be missing numbers in the fiche collection
because they were assigned to books and journal
articles for the deposit collection, only.
- There are documents in the fiche collection which
were not used in the manual in its present revision.
- There are a few documents which were not available at the
time the fiche were reproduced. These will be sent to
you as a supplement.
If you have any problems using the collection, feel free
to call me at 513/684-7701.
-------
SECTION V.6
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. REFERENCES USED IN VOLUMES I -IV
References Used in Volume I
The Chemical Rubber Company. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,
48th Edition. Cleveland, Ohio, 1967.
CRC Press, Inc. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 58th
Edition. Cleveland, Ohio, 1977.
Dobbs , R.A. , and J.M. Cohen. Carbon Adsorption Isotherms for
Toxic Organics. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio, April 1980.
Fairchild, E. J. , R. J. Lewis, Sr., and R. L. Taken. Registry
of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, Volume II. NIOSH-78-
104B, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Cincinnati, Ohio, 1977.
Ferguson, T.L., Bergman, F.S., Cooper, G.R., Li, R.T., and
F.I. Honea. Determination of Incinerator Operating Conditions
Necessary for Safe Disposal of Pesticides. Contract 68-03-0286.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, July 1975
Fochtman, E. G., and W. Eisenberg. Treatability of Carcinogenic
and Other Hazardous Organic Compounds. Illinois Institute of
Technology Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois. 58 pp.
Initial Scientific and Minieconomic Review of Methyl Parathion,
Criteria and Evaluation Division, Office of Pesticide Programs,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1971.
Interscience Encyclopedia, Inc. Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology, Volume 5, 3rd Edition. New York, New York, 1978.
Jordan, T. E. Vapor Pressure of Organic Compounds. Interscience
Publishers, Inc., New York, New York, 1954.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6-1
-------
McGraw Hill, Inc. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 12th Edition.
New York, New York, 1979.
9 Manual of Treatment Techniques for Meeting the Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations. EPA-600/8-77-005, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 1977. 73 pp.
Meister Publishing Co. 1976 Farm Chemicals Handbook. Willoughby,
Ohio, 1976.
Merck and Co., Inc. The Merck Index, Ninth Edition. Rahway,
New Jersey, 1976.
The National Research Council of the U.S.A. International
Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry, and
Technology, Volume III. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, 1928.
Off-line Bibliographic Citation List Generated from the Toxicol-
ogy Data Bank by MEDLARS II, National Library of Medicine's
National Interactive Retrieval Service, Bethesda, Maryland,
11 June 1979.
Pitter, P. Determination of Biological Degradability of Organic
Substances. Water Research, 10 :i&, 1976.
Quellette, R. P., and J. A. King. Chemical Week Pesticides
Register. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York, 1977.
Report on visit of D. Stephan and W. Cawley, U.S. Environmental
^ Protection Agency, to Calgon Environmental Systems Division,
Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 9 April 1979.
132 pp.
Tabak, H. H., and E. F. Earth. Biodegradability of Benzidine
in Aerobic Suspended Growth Reactors. Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, March 1978. 7 pp.
Tucker, E. S., V. W. Saeger, and O. Hicks. Activated Sludge
Primary Biodegradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Monsanto
Company, St. Louis, Missouri, March 1975. 9 pp.
Versar, Inc. Water Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants, Volume I. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Waghington, D.C., 1979.
Versar, Inc. Water Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants, Volume II. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., 1979.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6-2
-------
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemi-
cals. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York, 1977.
Warner, H.P., Cohen, J.M., and J.C. Ireland. Determination of
Henry's Law Constants of Selected Priority Pollutants,
Cincinnati, Ohio, April 1980. 14pp.
References Used in Volume II
Auto and Other Laundries
ONRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Auto and Other Laundries.
Status Report on the Treatment and Recycle of Wastewaters from
the Car Wash Industry (draft contractor's report). Contract
68-01-5667, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
July 1979.
7 Technical Support Document for Auto and Other Laundries Industry
(draft contractor's report). Contract 68-03-2550, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., August 1979.
Coal Mining
£ Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Coal
Mining Point Source Category. EPA 440/1-75/057 Group II, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1975.
3 NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Coal Mining.
', Technical Assistance in the Implementation of the BAT Review of
Coal Mining Industry Point Source Cateaory (draft contractor's
report). Contracts 68-01-3273, 68-01-4762, and 68-02-2618, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1979.
Electroplating
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Standards
for Electroplating. Environment Reporter, 135:0341-0351, as of
5 May 1980.
Final Development Document for Existing Source Pretreatment
Standards for the Electroplating Point Source Category.
EPA 440/1-79/003, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., August 1979. 526 pp.
> NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Electroplating.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6-3
-------
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and NSPS
'*J for the Major Inorganic Products Point Source Category. EPA-440/
' 1-74-007-a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., March 1974.
"7 Draft Development Document for Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing
Point Source Category - BATEA, NSPS, and Pretreatment Standards
(draft contractor's report). Contract 68-01-44S2, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division, Washing-
ton, D.C., April 1979.
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Standards
for Inorganic Chemicals (40CFR415; 39FR9612, March 12, 1974;
amended as shown in Code of Federal Regulations, Vol. 40, revised
as of July 1, 1976; 41FR51599 and 51601, November 23, 1976;
42FR17443, April 1, 1977, 42FR10681, February 23, 1977;
42FR37294, July 20, 1977).
O NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Inorganic Chemicals
Industry.
£) Supplement for Pretreatment to the Development Document for the
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category. EPA-400/
1-77/087A, U.S. Environmental Protection Aaency, Washington,
D.C., July 1977.
Iron and Steel Manufacturing
j Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume I - General. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC, October 1979.
Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume II - By-Product Cokemaking and
Beehive Cokemaking Subcategories. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC, October 1979.
,2 Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume III - Sintering and Blast Furnace
Subcategories. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC, October 1979.
Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume IV - Basic Oxygen Furnace and Open
Hearth Furnace Subcategories. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC, October 1979.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6-4
-------
* Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations and
Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source
. Category, Volume V - Electric Arc Furnace, Vacuum Degassing, and
Continuous Casting Subcategories. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC, October 1979.
,1 Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations and
Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source
Category Volume VI.- Hot Forming-Primary, Hot Forming Section,
Hot-Forming-Flat, and Hot Forming-Pipe and Tube Subcategories,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agencv, Washington, D.C., October
1979.
2 Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations and
Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source
Category-Volume VII - Pipe and Tube, and Cold Rolling Subcatego-
ries. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
October 1979.
L Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations and
* Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source
Category - Volume VIII - Sulfuric Acid Pickling, Hydrochloric
Acid Pickling, and Combination Acid Pickling Subcategories. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October, 1979.
Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitation and
Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source
Category - Volume IX - Hot Coatings, Scale Removal, and Alkaline
Cleaning Subcategories. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., October, 1979.
'O NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Iron and Steel Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines and Stand-
ards for Iron and Steel Manufacturing (40CFR420; 39FR24114, June
28, 1974; Amended by 41 FR 13004, March 29, 1976; 41 FR 32218,
August 2, 1976) .
Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry
6 Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guide-
* lines, New Source Performance Standards, and Pretreatment Stand-
ards for the Leather Tanning and Finishing Point Source Category.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Washington, D.C., July 1979.
Effluent Guidelines and Standards for Leather Tanning and Finish-
ing. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 40 CFR 425; 39 FR
12958, April 9, 1974.
JO NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary. Leather Tanning and Finish-
ing Industry.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6-5
-------
Coil Coating
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
(p Standards for the Coil Coating paint Source Category. EPA 440/
l-79/071a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Washington, D,C., August 1979.
'0 NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Coil Coating Industry.
Foundries --
7 Foundry Industry (Contractor's Draft Report). Contract 68-01-
4379, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., May
1979.
\Q NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Foundries.
Porcelain Enameling
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Porcelain Enameling Point Source Category.
EPA-440/l-79/072a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., August MTD.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Porcelain Enameling
Indus try
Explosives Manufacture --
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Standards
for Explosives Manufacturing. 40 CRF 457; 41 FR 10180, March 9,
1976.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Explosive Manufacturing.
Technical Review of the BAT Analysis of the Explosives Industry
(draft contractor's report). U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., ApriL 1979.
Gum and Wood Chemicals
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Gum and Wood Chemicals
Industry
Technical Review of the Best Available Technology, Best Demon-
strated Technology, and Pretreatment Technology for the Gum and
Wood Chemicals Point Source Category (draft contractor's report)
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6-6
-------
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
3 Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for the
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Point Source Category. EPA 400/
1-75/060. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., December 1976. 344 pp.
/ Effluent Limitations Guidelines for the Pharmaceutical Manufac-
turing Industry (draft contractor's report). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., May 1979.
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Standards
for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. 40 CFR 439; 41 FR 50676,
November 17, 1976; Amended by 42 FR 6313, February, 1977.
Supplement to the Draft Contractor's Engineering Report for the
Development of Effluent Limitations Guidelines for the Pharma-
ceutical Industry (BATEA, NSPS, BCT, BMP, Pretreatment). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., July 1979.
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Draft Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and Standards for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Point
Source Category, Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste management, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
September 1979.
Environmental Protection Agency - Effluent Guidelines and Stand-
ards for Nonferrous Metals. 40 CRF 421; 39 FR 12822, April 8,
1974; Amended by 40 FR 8514, February 27, 1975; 40 FR 4834S,
October 15, 1975; 41 FR 54850, December 15, 1976.
^ NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Nonferrous Metals Manu-
facturing Industry.
Ore Mining and Dressing --
* Development Document for BAT Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
r New Source Performance Standards for the Ore Mining and Dressing
> Industry, (draft contractor's report). Contract No. 68-01-4845,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,Washington, D.C., 25
September 1979.
3 Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Ore Mining and Dressing
Point Source Category, Volumes I and II. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., July 1978.
Environment Reporter, EPA Effluent Guidelines and Standards for
Ore Mining and Dressing (40CRF440, November 6, 1975; 41 FR 21191,
Date: 6/23/80 V.6-7
-------
1
*
May 24, 1976; 42 FR 3165, January 17, 1977, 43 FR 29771, July 11,
1978; 44 FR 7953, February 8, 1979; 44FR11546, March 1, 1979),
pg. 135:0881.
NRDC Consent Decree. Industry Summary - Ore Mining and Dressing.
Paint and Ink Formulation
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Standards
for Ink Formulating. 40 CFR 447; 40 FR 31723, July 28, 1975.
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Standards
for Paint Formulating. 40 CFR 446; 40 FR 31723, July 28, 1975.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Paint and Ink Formulation.
Technical Study Report BATEA-NSPS-PRETREATMENT, Effluent Limita-
tions Guidelines- for the Ink Manufacturing Industry (draft con-
tractor's report). Contract 68-01-3502, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., January 1979.
Technical Study Report BATEA-NSPS-PRETREATMENT, Effluent Limita-
tions Guidelines for the Paint Manufacturing Industry (draft
contractor's report). Contract 68-01-3502, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., January 1979.
Petroleum Refining
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Petroleum Refining Point
Source Category. EPA-440/l-74-Ol4-a, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1974. 195 pp.
Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines,
New Source Performance Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for
the Petroleum Refining Point Source Category. EPA 440/1-79/0 14-b,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., December
1979.
Draft Development Document Including the Data Base for the Review
of Effluent Limitations Guidelines (BATEA), New Source Perform-
ance Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the Petroleum
Refining Point Source Category. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1978.
Interim Final Supplement for Pretreatment to the Development
Document for the Petroleum Refining Industry Existing Point
Source Category. EPA-440/1-76/083A, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1977. 115 pp.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Petroleum Refining.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6-8
-------
am Us*
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Stand-
dards for Pulp, Paper and Paperboard (40 CFR 430; FR 18742, May
12, 1974; Amended as shown in Volume 40 Code of Federal Regula-
tions, Revised as of July 1, 1976; 41 FR 27732, July 6, 1976; 42
FR 1398; January 6, 1977).
5 NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Pulp, Paper, and Paper-
board Industry.
"J Preliminary Data Base for Review of BATEA Effluent Limitations
* Guidelines, NSPS, and Pretreatment Standards for the Pulp, Paper,
and Paperboard Point Source Category. Prepared for USEPA by E.
C. Jordan Co., Inc., Portland, Maine 04112. Contract No. 68-01-
4624, June 1979.
Rubber Processing
"I Review of Best Available Technology for the Rubber Processing
Point Source Category (draft contractor's report). Contract
68-01-4673, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., July 1978.
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Standards
for Rubber Processing. 40 CFR 428; 39 FR 6660, February 21, 1974
(amended by 39 FR 26423, July 19, 1974; 40 FR 2334, January 10,
1975; 40 FR 18172, April 25, 1975 [effective May 27, 1975]; and
43 FR 6230, February 14, 1978).
3 NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Rubber Processing.
Soaps and Detergents --
1 Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
* Source Performance Standards for the Soap and Detergent Manufac-
turing Point Source Category. EPA-440/l-74-018a, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. April 1974.
Economic Analysis of Effluent Guidelines for the Soap and Deter-
gent Industry. EPA-230/2-73-026(PB 256 313), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., July 1976.
Project Recommendations for the Soap and Detergent Manufacturing
Industry (SIC 2841) BAT/Toxics Study. U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, D.C., November 1979.
Steam Electric Power Generating
J Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Steam Electric Power Genera-
ting Point Source Category. EPA-440/l-74/029-a. U.S.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6-9
-------
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1974.
842 pp.
, Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines
9 and New Source Performance Standards for the Steam Electric Power
Generating Point Source Category. EPA-440/1-73/029, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency., Washington, D.C., March 1974. 677 pp.
i Draft Technical Report for Recision of Steam Electric Effluent
Limitations Guidelines. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., September 1978. 607 pp.
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Standards
for Steam Electir Power Generating. 40 CFR 423; 39FR 36186,
October 8, 1974, effective November 7, 1974; 40 FR 7095, February
19, 1975; 40 FR 23987, June 4, 1975; 42 FR 15690, March 23,
1977; 43 FR 43025, September 22, 1978; 43 FR 44848, September
29, 1978.
'O NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Steam Electric Power
Generating Industry.
^ Supplement for Pretreatment to the Development Document for the
Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category. EPA-400/
1-77/084, U.S. Environmental Protection Agencv, Washington, D.C.,
April 1977. 244 pp.
Textile Mills
MRC internal sampling data on file at Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion of EPA, 1978.
O NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Textile Mills.
/ Technical study Report BATEA-NSPS-PSES-PSNS - Textile Mills Point
^ Source Category (draft contractor's report). Contracts 68-01-
3289 and 68-01-3884, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., November 1978.
Timber Products Processing
O NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Timber Products
Processing.
Revised Technical Review of the Best Available Technology. Best
Demonstrated Technology, and Pretreatment Technology for the
Timber Products Processing Point Source Category (draft contrac-
tor's report). Contract 68-01-4827, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1978.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6-10
-------
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW'S)
2 Fate of Priority Pollutants in Publicly Owned Treatment Works
-Pilot Study. EPA-440/1-79-300, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1979.
References Used in Volume III
Argaman, Yerachmiei, and C. L. Weddle. Fate of Heavy Metals
* Physical Treatment Processes. In: AIChE Symposium Series,
Volume 70, No. 136.
JBollyky, L. J. Ozone Treatment of CyanideBearing Plating Waste.
^EPA-600/2-77-104, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincin-
nati, Ohio, June 1977. 43 pp.
f Brandon, C. A., and J. J. Porter. Hyperfiltration for Renovation
* of Textile Finishing Plant Wastewater. EPA-600/ 2-76-060, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Triangle Park, North Carolina,
March 1976. 147 pp.
Brunotts, V. A., R. S. Lynch, G. R. Van Stone. Granular Carbon
Handles Concentrated Waste. Chemical Engineering Progress,
6(8):81-84, 1973.
£ Chian, E. S. K., M. N. Aschauer, and H. H. P. Fang. Evaluation
of New Reverse Osmosis Membranes for the Separation of Toxic
Compounds from Wastewater. Contract No. DADA 17-73-C-3025, U.S.
Army Medical Research and Development Command, Washington, D.C.,
October 1975. 309 pp.
, CoCo, J. H., E. Klein, D. Howland, J. H. Mayes, W. A. Myers, E.
Pratz, C. J. Romero, and F. H. Yocum. Development of Treatment
and Control Technology for Refractory Petrochemical Wastes (draft
report). Project No. S80073, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Ada, Oklahoma. 220 pp.
, Davis, H. J., F. S. Model, and J. R. Leal. PBI Reverse Osmosis
Membrane for Chromium Plating Rinse Water. EPA-600/2-78-040.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, iMarch
1978. 28 pp.
De, J., B. Paschal, and A. D. Adams. Treatment of Oil Refinery
Wastewaters with Granular and Powdered Activated Carbon. In:
Thirtieth Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University,
Indiana, May 1975. pp. 216-232.
De, J. and B. Paschal. The Effectiveness of Granular Activated
Carbon in Treatability Municipal and Industrial Wastewater. In:
Third National Conference on Complete Water Reuse, AIChE and EPA
Technology Transfer, June 1976. pp. 204-211.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6.-11
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Development Document for BAT Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
New Source Performance Standards for Ore Mining and Dressing
Industry. No. 6332-M.l, A Division of Calspan Corporation,
Buffalo, New York, 1979.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Dairy Products Processing
Point Source Category. EPA-440/l-74-021a, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., May 1974. 167 pp.
1 Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Fish Meal, Salmon, Bottom
Fish, Clam, Oyster, Sardine, Scallop, Herring, and Abalone,
Segment of the Canned and Perserved Fish and Seafood Processing
Industry, Point Source Category. EPA-440/l-75-041a, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., September 1975.
485 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Leather Tanning and Finish-
ing Point Source Category. EPA~44Q/l-74-016a, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1974. 157 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Plywood, Hardboard and Wood
Preserving Segment of the Timber Products Processing Point Source
Category. EPA-440/l-74-023a, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1974.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Synthetic Resins, Segment of
the Plastics and Synthetic Materials Manufacturing Point Source
Category. EPA-440/l-74-010a, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1974. 238 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Tire_ and Synthetic Segment
of the Rubber Processing Point Source Category. EPA-440/
l-74-013a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., February 1974. 193 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Leather Tanning and Finishing Point Source
Category. EPA-440/1-79-016. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., July 1979. 381 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Point Source
Category. EPA-440/l-79-Ol9a, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., September 1979. 622 pp.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6.-12
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Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Pesticide Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source
Category. EPA-440/l-78-060e, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1978. 316 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final and Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for
the Fruits, Vegetables, and Specialties Segment of the Canned and
Preserved Fruits and Vegetables Point Source Category. EPA-440/
1-75-046, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
October 1975. 520 pp.
* Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Primary
Copper Smelting Subcategory of the Copper Segment of the Non-
ferrous Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category. EPA-440/1
l-75-032b, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., February 1975. 213 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for the
Gum and Wood Chemicals Manufacturing. EPA 440/1-76, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1976.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations,
Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for the
Hospital Point Source Category. EPA-440/l-76-060n, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1976. 131 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for the
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Point Source Category. EPA-440/
1-75-060, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
December 1976. 331 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for the
Raw Cane Sugar Processing Segment of the Sugar Processing Point
Source Category. EPA-440/1-75-044, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., February 1975. 291 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
'Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Mineral
Mining and Processing Industry Point Source Category. EPA-440/
l-76-059a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., June 1976. 432 pp.
Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and New Source Performance Standards for the Major Organic Prod-
ucts Segment of the Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source
Category. EPA-440/1-73-009, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., December 1973. 369 pp.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6.-13
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Development Document for Proposed Existing Source Pretreatment
Standards for the Electroplating, Point Source Category. EPA-440/
1-78-085, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
February 1978. 532 pp.
Draft Contractor's Engineering Report for Development of Effluent
Limitations Guidelines for the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Industry (BATEA, NSPS, BCT, BMP, Pretreatment), July 1979, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Draft Development Document for Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing
Point Source Category - BATEA, NSPS, -and Pretreatment Standards
(contractor's draft report). Contract 68-01-4492, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division, Washing-
ton, D.C., April 1979.
Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacutring
Point Source Category, Volume I. EPA-440/l-79/024a, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1979.
220 pp.
Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume II. EPA-440/l-79/024a, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1979.
272 pp.
Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitation
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume III. EPA-440/l-79/024a, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1979.
308 pp.
Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume IV. EPA-44p/l-79/024a, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October
1979. 446 pp.
Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume V. EPA-440/l-79/024a, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection AGency, Washington, D.C., October 1979.
435 pp.
Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume VI. EPA-440/l-79/024a, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1979.
389 pp.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6.-14
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Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume VII. EPA-440/l-79/024a, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1979.
419 pp.
Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume VIII. EPA-440/l-79/024a, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1979.
768 pp.
j Draft Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Volume IX. EPA-440/l-79/024a, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1979.
758 pp.
Draft Technical Report for Revision of Steam Electric Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, September 1978, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, D.C.
rEffects of Liquid Detergent Plant Effluent on the Rotating Bio-
logical Contactor. EPA-600/2-78-129, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, June 1978. 58 pp.
"* Effluent Limitations Guidelines (BATEA), New Source Performance
Standards and Pretreatment Standards for the Petroleum Refining
Point Source Category, March 1978, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
) Effluent Limitations Guidelines for the Ink Manufacturing Indus-
try (BATEA, NSPS, Pretreatment), January 1979, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.
Effluent Limitations Guidelines for the Paint Manufacturing
Industry, January 1979, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C.
'.Extraction of Chemical Pollutants from Industrial Wastewaters
with Volatile Solvents. EPA-600/2-76-220, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma, December 1976. 510 pp.
Foundry Industry (contractor's draft report). Contract No.
68-01-4379, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., May 1979.
Interim Final Supplement for Pretreatment to the Development
Document for the Petroleum Refining Industry Existing Point
Source Category. EPA-440/1-76, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, March 1977.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6.-15
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^ Kleper, M. H., A. Z. Gollan, R. L. Goldsmith and K. J. McNulty.
Assessment of Best Available Technology Economically Achievable
for Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing Wastewater. EPA-600/2-78-192,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, August
1978. 182 pp.
«f Kleper, M. H., R. L. Goldsmith, and A, 2. Gollan. Demonstration
* of Ultrafiltration and Carbon Adsorption for Treatment of Indus-
trial Laundering Wastewater. EPA/2-78-177, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 1978. 109 pp.
« Kleper, M. H., R. L. Goldsmith, T. V. Tran, D. H. Steiner, J.
* Pecevich, and M. A. Sakillaris. Treatment of Wastewaters from
Adhesives and Sealants Manufacturing by Ultrafiltration. EPA-600/
2-78-176, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio,
August 1978.
"7 Klieve, J. R., and G. D. Rawlings. Source Assessment: Textile
Plant Wastewater Toxics Study Phase II. Contract No. 68-02-1874,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April
1979. 127 pp.
Lang, W. C., J. H. Crozier, F. P. Drace, and K. H. Pearson.
Industrial Wastewater Reclamation with a 400,000-gallon-per-day
Vertical Tube Evaporator. EPA-600/2-76-260, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 1976. 90 pp.
3 McNulty, K. J., R. L. Goldsmith, A. Gollan, S. Hossain, and D.
Grant. Reverse Osmosis Field Test: Treatment of Copper Cyanide
Rinse Waters, EPA-600/2-77-170, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 1977. 89 pp.
."7 Olem, H. The Rotating Biological Contactor for Biochemical
Ferrous Iron Oxidation in the Treatment of Coal Mine Drainage.
No. W77-05337, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, November
1975.
,i Petersen, R. J., and K. E. Cobian. New Membranes for Treating
' Metal Finishing Effluents by Reverse Osmosis. EPA-600/2-76-197,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, October
1976. 59 pp.
il Preliminary Data Base for Review of BATEA Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, NSPS, and Pretratment Standards for the Pulp, Paper,
and Paperboard Point Source Category, June 1979, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
£ Priority Pollutant Treatibility Review, Industrial Sampling and
Assessment. Contract 68-03-2579, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, July 1978. 47 pp.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6.-16
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Putting Powdered Carbon in Wastewater Treatment. Environmental
Science and Technology, Volume II, No. 9, September 1977.
Rawlings, G. D. Evaluation of Hyperfiltration Treated Textile
Wastewaters. Contract 68-02-1874, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., November 1978.
Rawlings, G. D. Source Assessment: Textile Plant Wastewater
Toxics Study Phase I. EPA-600/2-78-004h, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Triangle Park., North Carolina, March 1979.
153 pp.
Review of the Best Available Technology for the Rubber Processing
Point Source Category, July 1978, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
Revised Technical Review of the Best Available Technology, Best
Demonstrated Technology, and Pretreatment Technology for the
Timber Products Processing Point Source Category (draft con-
tractors report). Contract 68-01-4827, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1978.
Schimmel, C., and D. B. Griffin. Treatment and Disposal of
Complex Industrial Wastes. EPA-600/2-76-123. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, November 1976.
} Selected Biodegradation Techniques for Treatment and/or Ultimate
Disposal of Organic Materials. EPA-600/2-79-006, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, March 1973. 377 pp.
Study of Effectiveness of Activated Carbon Technology for the
Removal of Specific Materials from Organic Chemical Processes.
EPA Contract No. 68-03-2610. Final report on Pilot Operations at
USS Chemical, Nevella.
\ Technical Assistance in the Implementation of the BAT Review of
the Coal Mining Industry Point Source Category, March 9, 1979,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
^Technical Review of the Best Available Technology, Best Demon-
strated Technology, and Pretreatment Technology for the Gum and
Wood Chemicals Point Source Category. No. 77-094, Environmental
Science and Engineering Incorporation, Gainesville, Florida,
1978.
TTechnical Study Report BATEA-NSPS-PSES-PSNS: Textile Mills Point
Source Category, November 1978. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
^ Technical Support Document for Auto and Other Laundries Industry
(draft contractor's report). Contract 68-03-2550, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., August 1979.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6.-17
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Treatment and Recovery of Fluoride Industrial Wastes. No. PB 234
447, Grumman Aerospace Corporation. Bethpage, N.Y., March 1974.
References Used in Volume IV
Innovative and Alternative Technology Assessment Manual, EPA-430/
9-78-009 (draft), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio, 1978. 252 pp.
Metcalf and Eddy. Wastewater Engineering: Collection Treatment,
Disposal. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, New York, 1972. pp.
662-667.
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatment Techniques for
Industrial Wastes, PB 275 287, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., November 1976.
B. REFERENCES EXAMINED BUT NOT USED
Chen, Ching-lin, and R. P. Miele. Wastewater Demineralizing by
Continuous Countercurrent Ion Exchange Process. EPA-600/2-77-152
(PB 272 301), U.S. Environmenental Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio,
September 1977. 50 pp.
Clark, D. P., L. W. Poulter, 0. W. Wilson, and W. N. Christensen.
The Treatment and Analysis of Cyanide Wastewater. AFCEC-TR-74-5,
Air Force Civil Engineering Center, Tyndall AFB, Florida,
February 1975. 122 pp.
Cochrane, W., J. Burm, and A. Dostal. Cannery Wastewater Treat-
ment with Rotating Biological Contactor and Extended Aeration.
EPA-R2-73-024 (PB 221 333), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Corvallis, Oregon, April 1973. 62 pp.
Eaddy, J. M. Jr., and J. W. Vann. Physical/Chemical Treatment of
Textile Finishing Wastewater for Process Reuse. EPA-600/2-78-
079 (PB 281 276), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, April 1978. 141 pp.
Ellerbusch, F., and H. S. Skovronek. Oxidative Treatment of
Industrial Wastewater. EPA-600/J-77-057 (PB 276 268), US. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 11 pp.
Gardner, F. H., Jr., and A. R. Williamson. Naval Stores Waste-
water Purification and Reuse by Activated Carbon Treatment.
EPA-600/2-76-227, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio, October 1976. 45 pp.
Handling, Treatment, and Disposal of Wastewater Sludge. In: The
USA/USSR Symposium on Handling, Treatment, and Disposal of Waste-
water Sludge, Moscow, USSR, 1975. 155 pp.
Date: 6/23/80 V.6.-18
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