EPA/600/3-89/083
January 1990
DATA BASE ANALYZER AND PARAMETER
ESTIMATOR (DBAPE) INTERACTIVE COMPUTER PROGRAM
USER'S MANUAL
by
John C. Imhoff
Robert F. Carsel*
John L. Kittle, Jr.
Paul R. Hummel
AQUA TERRA Consultants
Decatur, Georgia 30030
^Assessment Branch
Environmental Research Laboratory
Athens, Georgia 30613
Contract Number 68-03-3513
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ATHENS, GEORGIA 30613
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DISCLAIMER
The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part
by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under Contract
No. 68-03-3513 with AQUA TERRA Consultants. It has been subject
to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been
approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade
names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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FOREWORD
As environmental controls become more costly to implement and
the penalties of judgement errors become more severe, environmental
quality management requires more efficient analytical tools based
on greater knowledge of the environmental phenomena to be managed.
As part of this Laboratory's research on the occurrence, movement
transformation, impact, and control of environmental contaminants'
the Assessment Branch develops management or engineering tools to
help pollution control officials address environmental problems.
This manual describes an interactive computer program (DBAPE)
which provides a link between two recent development products of
the Laboratory. The first product is a national-scale data base
containing both geographic and soils properties data for
agricultural soils and meteorologic data; the second is an
environmental model (RUSTIC) designed to simulate the transport of
field-applied pesticides in the crop root zone, the unsaturated
zone and the saturated zone. DBAPE is used to search the data base
and extract and/or develop values for input parameters needed to
run RUSTIC. In addition to supporting RUSTIC model use, DBAPE
provides a stand-alone environment for (1) exploring the new data
base, (2) clarifying the impact of data on modeled processes, (3)
screening geographically-based data to identify potential sites for
model testing and (4) developing initial guidance on alternative
management strategies.
Rosemarie C. Russo, Ph.D.
Director
Environmental Research Laboratory
Athens, Georgia
ill
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ABSTRACT
The Data Base Analyzer and Parameter Estimator (DBAPE) is an
interactive computer program that provides a link between two of
EPA's development products — an environmental model and a data
base. DBAPE was created to encourage and support the use of the
RUSTIC model, a newly developed model that simulates the transport
of field-applied pesticides in the crop root zone, the unsaturated
zone, and the saturated zone. DBAPE provides an efficient means
to obtain soils and meteorolgic data needed to run RUSTIC from a
data base that contains information on over 8000 agricultural
soils and 200 meteorologic stations located throughout the
contiguous United States. Soils-related RUSTIC input that can be
obtained by using DBAPE includes percent organic matter, wilting
point, field capacity, residual water content, saturated hydraulic
conductivity and values for the van Genuchten parameters for the
soil-water characteristic function. Meteorologic data that can be
obtained include precipitation, air temperature, pan evaporation,
solar radiation, and windspeed. These meteorologic data are not
distributed with DBAPE because of their volume. DBAPE, however,
allows the user to identify weather stations near his/her study
sites. Meteorologic data for these stations then can be obtained
from the EPA's Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens GA.
DBAPE has utility not only as a support program to RUSTIC, but also
as a stand-alone environment for (1) exploring the data base, (2)
clarifying the impact of data on modeled processes, (3) screening
geographically based data to identify potential sites for model
testing and (4) developing initial guidance on alternative
management strategies. To support these applications, DBAPE
contains additional capabilities that are not exclusively related
to supporting RUSTIC model usage. These include computation of
functional relationships for soil water retention characteristics,
and production of plots and maps.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Work Assignment No. 16
of Coixtract No. 68-03-3513 by AQUA TERRA Consultants under the
sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This
report covers a period from October 1988 to September 1989, and
work was completed as of September 1989.
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CONTENTS
Disclaimer ii
Foreword iii
Abstract iv
Figures viii
Tables xvi
Acknowledgments xvii
1. Introduction 1
1.1 How to Use This Manual 1
1.2 DBAPE Overview 2
1.2.1 Data Bases 2
1.2.2 Interaction Framework (AIDE) 4
1.2.3 Program Capabilities . . ..... 4
2. Program Installation and Execution 6
2.1 System Requirements 6
2.1.1 Hardware 6
2.1.2 Software 6
2.2 Loading Executable Code 6
2.3 Executing and Verifying Test Sessions 7
3. Program Format and Operation 8
3.1 Screen Format . .' 8
3.1.1 Data Window 8
3.1.2 Assistance Window . 9
3.1.3 Instruction Window 13
3.1.4 Command Line 15
3.2 Interaction Modes 15
3.3 Screen Movement 16
3.3.1 Movement Within Screens 18
3.3.2 Movement Between Screens 20
3.3.3 Screen Path 21
4. Analyze .> 23
4.1 Define Search Criteria .....' 25
4.1.1 Define Type of Soil for Search 26
4.1.2 Define Soils Properties for Search 28
4.1.3 Define Geographic Area of Interest 31
4.1.4 Define Mode of Buffer Management for
Search 34
4.2 Find Soils Which Satisfy Search Criteria 36
4.3 Order Soils in Buffer 38
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4.3.1 Order Soils by Soil Number 40
4.3.2 Order Soils by Acreages 41
4.3.3 Order Soils by Property 42
4.4 Produce Summary Information for Soils in Buffer . . 43
4.4.1 Display Summary of Selected Property Values
for Soils ......... .... 44
4.4.2 Save Summary of Selected Property Values
for Soils 46
4.4.3 Display Weighted Average Values for Soils
Properties 48
4.4.4 Save Weighted Average Values for Soils
Properties 50
4.4.5 Display Table of Property Value Ranges ... 52
4.4.6 Save Table of Property Value Ranges .... 55
4.5 View -Search Results 57
4.5.1 Display Properties Details for Individual
Soils 58
4.5.2 Save Properties Details for Individual
Soils 60
4.5.3 Produce Map Showing Location of Soils in
Buffer 62
4.5.4 Display and Identify NOAA First Order
Stations 65
4.6 Manipulate Buffer Contents 68
4.6.1 Add a Soil to the Buffer 69
4.6.2 Delete a Soil from the Buffer ....... 71
4.6.3 List Soils Numbers for Soils in Buffer ... 73
4.6.4 Clear the Buffer 75
4.6.5 Save Buffer Soils Numbers in a File .... 77
4.6.6 Retrieve Soils Numbers File . 79
5. Estimate 81
5.1 Estimate Values for PRZM Model Parameters 82
5.1.1 Display PRZM Estimates for Individual
Soils 83
5.1.2 Save PRZM Estimates for Individual Soils . . 85
5.1.3 Display PRZM Estimates for Weighted Soils . 87
5.1.4 Save PRZM Estimates for Weighted Soils ... 89
5.2 Estimate Values for VADOFT Model Parameters .... 90
5.2.1 Display VADOFT Estimates for Individual
Soils 91
5.2.2 Save VADOFT Estimates for Individual Soils . 93
5.2.3 Display VADOFT Estimates for Weighted
Soils 95
5.2.4 Save VADOFT Estimates for Weighted Soils . . 97
5.3 Develop Functional Relationships for Soil-water
Parameters 98
5.3.1 Select Soil Moisture Computation Option . . 99
5.3.2 Display Functions Estimates Table for
Individual Soils 100
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5.3.3 Plot Functions Estimates for Individual
Soils 102
5.3.4 Save Functions Estimates for Individual
Soils 106
5.3.5 Display Functions Estimates Table for
Weighted Soils 108
5.3.6 Plot Functions Estimates for Weighted
Soils 109
5.3.7 Save Functions Estimates for Weighted
Soils Ill
6. Example Sessions 112
6.1 Analyze Soils Data Base (Example 1) 112
6.2 Estimate Parameters Using Soils Data Base (Example
2) . . . 140
6.3 Display and Identify Meteorologic Stations
(Example 3) 172
References . . 179
Appendices
A. Project Background and Objectives 182
B. Data Base Development and Contents . 184
C. DBAPE Structure Charts 198
D. Computation Procedures for Parameter Estimates 203
E. State and County FIPS Codes 212
F. NOAA First Order Meteorologic Stations 231
G. Program Error Messages 238
Glossary
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FIGURES
2.1 Display screen after installation
3.1 Screen format utilized by DBAPE
3.2 Example of information contained in a STATUS message.
3.3 Example instruction message in instruct window
3.4 Example error message in instruct window
4.1 Selection of the Define option on the Analyze (A)
screen
4.2 Selection of the Type option of the Define (AD)
screen
4.3 Type (ADT) screen used to define soils categories for a
search
4.4 Selection of the Property option of the Define (AD)
screen
4.5 Selection of the Select option of the Property (ADP)
screen
4.6 Soil properties selection screen for defining search
criteria
4.7 Selection of the Geographic option of the Define (AD)
screen
4.8 Selection of geographic area of interest using the
Geographic (ADG) screen
4.9 Regions (ADGR) screen used to define EPA Region(s) as
the geographic extent of a search
4.10 State (ADGS) screen used to define state(s) as the
geographic extent of a search
4.11 Selection of the Mode option of the Define (AD)
screen
4.12 Mode (ADM) screen used to select a mode for updating
the buffer for the pending search
4.13 Selection of the Find option on the Analyze (A)
screen
4.14 Selection of an option for viewing the progress of a
geographic search using the Find (AF) screen
4.15 Selection of the Order option on the Analyze (A)
screen
4.16 Selection of a parameter for ordering the soils in the
search buffer by using the Order (AO) screen
4.17 Number (AON) screen options selected to cause ordering
of soils in buffer by ascending soil number
4.18 Acreage (AOA) screen options selected to cause ordering
of soils in buffer by descending acreage
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4.19 Selection of property, zone, and ordering options on
the Properties (AOP) screen.
4.20 Selection of the Summarize option on the Analyze (A)
screen r".
4.21 Screen options selected to display summary table of
selected parameter values for soils
4.22 Display of selected parameter values for soils in
buffer.
4.23 Screen options selected to save summary table of
selected parameter values for soils. .
4.24 Save (ASS) screen for saving selected parameter values
for soils in buffer to a file
4.25 Screen options selected to display weighted average
values for soils properties
4.26 Display of weighted average values and sample size for
selected parameters based on soils in buffer
4.27 Screen options selected to save weighted average values
for soils properties.
4.28 Save (ASS) screen used for saving weighted average
property values for soils in buffer to a file. . . . .
4.29 Screen options selected to display ranges for soil
property values
4.30 Display of range information for selected parameter
values of soils in buffer
4.31 Histogram display of selected parameter values of soils
in buffer
4.32 Screen options selected to save ranges for soils
property values. ..;-.....
4.33 Save (ASS) screen used to save range values for
properties of soils in buffer to a file
4.34 Selection of the View option on the Analyze (A)
screen
4.35 Selection of the Display option on the View (AV)
screen.
4.36 Screen displaying properties for individual soils. . . .
4.37 Selection of the Save .option on the View (AV) screen.
4.38 Save (AVS) screen for saving the properties details for
individual soils in the buffer to a file
4.39 Selection of the Save option on the View (AV) screen.
4.40 Map (AVM) screen options selected to produce map
showing location of soils in the buffer. . .
4.41 Map showing location of soils in buffer
4.42 Selection of the Map option on the View (AV) screen. . .
4.43 Map (AVM) screen options selected to produce map
showing location of soils in buffer and first order
stations
4.44 Map showing location of soils in buffer and first order
stations
4.45 Selection of the Buffer option on the Analysis (A)
screen .
4.46 Selection of the Add option on the Buffer (AB) screen. .
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4.47 Specification of a soil number to be added to the
buffer by using the Add (AB) screen . . .
4.48 Selection of the Delete option on the Buffer (AB)
screen
4.49 Specification of a soil number to be deleted from the
buffer by using the Delete (ABD) screen . . .
4.50 Selection of the List option on the Buffer (AB)
screen
4.51 Listing of the soil numbers in the buffer by using the
List (ABL) screen
4.52 Selection of the Clear option on the Buffer (AB)
screen
4.53 Selection of the Yes option on the Clear (ABC) screen
to empty the buffer
4.54 Selection of the Save option on the Buffer (AB)
screen . . .
4.55 Save (ABS) screen for saving the soil numbers in the
buffer to a file . . .
4.56 Selection of the Get option on the Buffer (AB) screen. .
4.57 Get (ABG) screen for retrieving soil numbers in a
buffer from a file . . .
5.1 Selection of Przm option on the Estimate (E) screen. . .
5.2 Screen options selected to display Przm estimates for
individual soils . . .
5.3 Display screen for individual soils for the Przm option
of Estimate
5.4 Screen options selected to save PRZM estimates for
individual soils
5.5 Save screen for the Przm option of Estimate
5.6 Screen options selected to display PRZM estimates for
weighted soils
5.7 Display screen for weighted soils for the Przm option
of Estimate . . .
5.8 Screen options selected to save PRZM estimates for
weighted soils
5.9 Selection of the Vadoft option on the Estimate (E)
screen . . .
5.10 Screen options selected to display VADOFT estimates for
individual soils
5.11 Display screen for individual soils for the Vadoft
option of Estimate
5.12 Screen options selected to save VADOFT estimates for
individual soils
5.13 Save screen for the Vadoft option of Estimate
5.14 Screen options selected to display VADOFT estimates for
weighted soils
5.15 Display screen for weighted soils for the Vadoft option
of Estimate
5.16 Screen options selected to save VADOFT estimates for
weighted soils
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5.17 Selection of the Functions option on the Estimate (E)
screen. •
5.18 Screen options selected to display Functions estimates
for individual soils
5.19 Display screen for individual soils for the Functions
option of Estimate
5.20 Screen options selected to plot Functions estimates for
individual soils
5.21 Graph options screen for the Functions option of
Estimate.
5.22 Example of pressure head vs water content results from
using the Graph option of the Functions screen
5.23 Example of water content vs relative permeability
results from using the Graph option of the Functions
screen
5.24 Screen options selected to save Functions estimates for
individual soils
5.25 Save screen for the Functions option of Estimate. . . .
5.26 Screen options selected to display Functions estimates
for weighted soils.
5.27 Screen options selected to plot Functions estimates for
weighted soils. .
5.28 Screen options selected to save Functions estimates for
weighted soils
6.1 Selection o.f the Analyze option on the Opening screen. ,
6.2 Selection of the Define option on the Analyze (A)
screen
6.3 Selection of the Type option on the Define (AD)
screen.
6.4 Initial appearance of the Type (ADT) screen
6.5 Type (ADT) screen options selected to search all prime
agricultural soils
6.6 Selection of the Property option on the Define (AD)
screen.
6.7 Selection of the None option on the Property (ADP)
screen
6.8 Selection of the Geographic option on the Define (AD)
screen. . •
6.9 Selection of the States option on the Geographic (ADG)
screen
6.10 Initial appearance of the State (ADGS) screen
6.11 State (ADGS) screen options selected to search all of
New York state
6.12 Selection of the Return option on the Define (AD)
screen
6.13 Selection of the Find option on the Analyze (A)
screen • . . .
6.14 Selection of the Display option on the Find (AF)
screen
6.15 Display (AFD) screen options selected for graphic
display of geographic search
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6.16 Text display of geographic search status
6.17 Graphic display of geographic search status
6.18 Selection of the Define option on the Analyze (A)
screen
6.19 Selection of the Property option on the Define (AD)
screen
6.20 Selection of the Select option on the Property (ADP)
screen
6.21 Initial appearance of Select (ADPS) screen
6.22 Select (ADPS) screen options selected to specify a
search for potatoes.
6.23 Selection of the Mode option on the Define (AD)
screen '.
6.24 Selection of the Subset option on the Mode (ADM)
screen ,
6.25 Selection of the Return option on the Define (AD)
screen
6.26 Selection of the Find option on the Analyze (A)
screen
6.27 Find (AF) screen display showing final results of soils
properties data base search
6.28 Selection of the Display option on the Find (AF)
screen
6.29 Display (AFD) screen options selected for graphic
display of geographic search status
6.30 Graphic display of geographic search status
6.31 Text display of geographic search status. .......
6.32 Selection of the Order option on the Analyze (A)
screen . . .
6.33 Selection of the Property option on the Order (AO)
screen . . .
6.34 Initial appearance of Property (AOP) screen
6.35 Property (AOP) screen options selected to sort, in
descending order, high sand content in the surface
zone
6.36 Selection of the View option on the Analyze (A)
screen . . .
6.37 Selection of the Display option from the View (AV)
screen
6.38 Display (AVD) screen showing detailed summary of first
soil in buffer (status window on) . . .
6.39 Display (AVD) screen showing detailed summary of first
soil in the buffer (status window off)
6.40 Selection of the Save option on the View (AV) screen.
6.41 Initial appearance of the Save (AVS) screen for the
View option of Analyze
6.42 Save (AVS) screen modified to save detailed summary of
soils in the buffer to a file
6.43 Selection of the Return option on the View (AV)
screen
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6.44 Selection of the Return option on the Analyze (A)
screen
6.45 Selection of the Return option on the Opening screen.
6.46 Selection of the Analyze option on the Opening screen. .
6.47 Selection of the Define option on the Analyze (A)
screen. ......
6.48 Selection of the Type option on the Define (AD)
screen •
6.49 Initial appearance of the Type (ADT) screen
6.50 Type (ADT) screen options selected to search for all
prime agricultural soils
6.51 Selection of the Property option on the Define (AD)
screen
6.52 Selection of the None option on the Property (ADP)
screen •
6.53 Selection of the Geographic option on the Define (AD)
screen ••
6.54 Selection of the States option on the Geographic (ADG)
screen
6.55 Initial appearance of the States (ADGS) screen
6.56 States (ADS) screen options selected to search only
Long Island
6.57 Selection of the Return option on the Define (AD)
screen
6.58 Selection of the Find option on the Analyze (A)
screen . . . .
6.59 Selection of the Display option on the Find (AF)
screen
6.60 Display (AFD) options selected for graphic Display of
geographic search status . .
6.61 Text display of geographic search status
6.62 Graphic display of geographic search status
6.63 Selection of the Define option on the Analyze (A)
screen
6.64 Selection of the Property option on the.Define (AD)
screen
6.65 Selection of the Select option on the Property (ADP)
screen
6.66 Initial appearance of the Select (ADS) screen.
6.67 Select (ADS) screen options selected to search for
potatoes
6.68 Selection of the Mode option on the Define (AD)
screen —
6.69 Selection of the Subset option on the Mode (ADM)
screen
6.70 Selection of the Return option on the Define (AD)
screen
6.71 Selection of the Find option on the Analyze (A)
screen
6.72 Find (AF) screen display showing final results of soils
properties data base search
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6.99
Selection of the Display option on the Find (AF)
screen
Display (AFD) screen options selected for graphic
display of geographic search status
Text display of geographic search status
Graphic display of geographic search status
Selection of the Return option on the Analyze (A)
screen
Selection of the Estimate option on the Opening
screen
Selection of the Przm option on the Estimate (E)
screen
Przm (EP) screen options selected to display PRZM
estimates for individual soils
Display (EPD) screen for individual soils for the Przm
option of Estimate
Przm (EP) screen options selected to display weighted
parameter values
Display screen for weighted soils for the Przm option
of Estimate
Przm (EP) screen options selected to save PRZM
estimates for weighted soils
Initial appearance of Save (EPS) screen for the Przm
option of Estimate ,
Save (EPS) screen modified to save weighted PRZM
parameter estimation results to a file
Przm (EP) screen displayed during return to Estimate
(E) screen.
Selection of the Vadoft option on the Estimate (E)
screen
Vadoft (EV) screen options selected to display VADOFT
estimates for individual soils
Display screen for individual soils for the VADOFT
option of Estimate
Vadoft (EV) screen options selected to display weighted
parameter values
Display screen for weighted soils for the Vadoft option
of Estimate
Vadoft (EV) screen options selected to save VADOFT
estimates for weighted soils.
Initial appearance of Save.(EVS) screen for the Vadoft
option of Estimate
Save (EVS) screen modified to save weighted VADOFT
parameter estimation results to a file
Vadoft (EV) screen displayed during return to Estimate
(E) screen
Selection of the Return option on the Estimate (E)
screen
Selection of the Return option on the Opening screen.
Select (ADPS) screen options selected to search for
soils supporting peanuts
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6.100 States (ADGS) screen options selected to search all of
the state of Georgia. 173
6.101 Selection of the View option on the Analyze (A)
screen ••• 174
6.102 Selection of the Map option on the View (AV) screen. . 174
6.103 Map (AVM) screen options selected to map locations of
soils and first order stations. . 175
6.104 Display (AVMD) options selected for map of locations
of soils and first order stations. • • 175
6.105 Map displaying locations of soils and first order
stations • • • • • • • • • • -.176
6.106 Selection of the Return option on the View (AV)
screen. . 177
6.107 Selection of the Return option on the Analyze (A)
screen. • • • I77
6.108 Selection of the Return option on the Opening screen. . 178
B.I Counties with data available in the DBAPE data base. . . 187
B.2 Counties with NO data available in the DBAPE data
base. • -.- • 188
B.3 Example DBAPE screen showing soils properties for which
data are available in the soils data base . . 189
B.4 Counties containing PI soils . . . . . ... • 191
B.5 Counties containing P4 soils 192
B.6 Counties containing PO soils 193
B.7 Counties containing ML soils 194
C.I Structure chart for top levels of the DBAPE program. . . 199
C.2 Structure chart for the DASPEC section of DBAPE . , . . 200
C.3 Structure chart for the DADISP section of DBAPE .... 201
C.4 Structure chart for the PRZPRM section of DBAPE .... 201
C.5 Structure chart for the VADPRM section of DBAPE . . . .202
F.I NOAA first order meteorologic stations known to DBAPE . 232
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TABLES
3.1 Commands for Application of DBAPE 16
3.2 Keystrokes and Their Results 17
4.1 Valid Parameter Names for Defining Searches or
Ordering Buffer Soils 30
4.2 Valid Parameter Names for Generating Summary
Information , 45
B.I Soil Texture Classes 189
B.2 Potential Crops Tabulated in DBAPE Soils Data Base . . . 190
D.I Development Strategies for Low, Midpoint and High
Parameter Estimates 206
D.2 Texture-dependent Coefficients for Childs and
Collis-George Model .... 209
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Development of the DBAPE program was made possible by the efforts
and support of a number of individuals and organizations. The
United States Geological Survey is acknowledged for providing the
software that enables mapping of national, EPA regional, state and
county boundaries in DBAPE. Dr. Alan Lumb and Kathleen Flynn of
the Office of Surface Water in Reston, VA, also provided
meteorologic data for NOAA first-order stations.
Guidance for developing effective strategies for human-computer
interaction in DBAPE was provided by Dr. Albert Badre of the
Georgia Institute of Technology who served as a technical
consultant for the duration of this project.
For AQUA TERRA Consultants, John Imhoff and Jack Kittle were
responsible for determining the program reguirements and designing
the DBAPE code. Mr. Imhoff had primary responsibility for
developing the parameter estimation code and writing the users
manual. Mr. Kittle was the Work Assignment Manager and had primary
responsibility for the data base analysis code, including the
incorporation of plotting and mapping capabilities. Paul Hummel
coded and tested many of DBAPE«s capabilities, focusing his efforts
on effective use of the AIDE toolkit for interactive program
development. Mr. Hummel also developed Section 6 of the manual.
Anthony Donigian and Brian Bicknell provided reviews and comments.
The soils data base used by DBAPE was developed under Mr. Robert
Carsel's supervision at the Environmental Research Laboratory in
Athens, GA. The efforts of Ava Ivery, Jeff Mullins, Michele
Manning and Tina Blackwell in preparing the data base are
appreciated.
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
The Data Base Analyzer and Parameter Estimator (DBAPE) is a
practical tool for (1) analyzing an environmental data base
containing geographic and soils properties data and location/record
summaries for meteorologic stations and (2) estimating parameters
for subsurface flow models.
DBAPE was created to encourage and support the use of the RUSTIC
model (Dean et al., 1989), a newly developed model which simulates
the transport of field-applied pesticides in the crop root zone,
the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone. DBAPE has additional
utility as a stand-alone environment for (1) exploring the data
base, (2) clarifying the impact of data on modeled processes, (3)
screening geographically-based data to identify potential sites for
model testing and (4) developing initial guidance on alternative
management strategies.
Because DBAPE is a practical, rather than a research-oriented
product, this users manual is designed to emphasize easy-to-locate
and easy-to-understand instructions for using the program. To
accomplish this goal, the main body of the manual focuses only on
how to use the DBAPE program. Details on project history, theory,
data bases, program structure and estimation methodologies are
found in the appendices.
1.1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
Three approaches to using this manual are suggested for three
different types of users: (1) the "hands-on, learn-as-you-go"
user, (2) the first-time user and (3) the experienced user. The
experienced user is defined as one who is already familiar with the
basic capabilities and operational aspects of DBAPE and wishes to
use the program to perform specific tasks.
Hands-on. Learn-as-vou-ao Users
(1) Read Section 2 for instructions on model installation and
execution.
-------
, (2) Install DBAPE and execute the test runs to verify that the
program is properly installed.
(3) Try the example sessions described in Section 6.
First-time Users
(1) Read the remainder of Section 1, the overview of DBAPE
capabilities. If you need more details on the data bases or
the DBAPE estimation procedures in order to determine whether
the program meets your needs, refer to Appendices B and D.
(2) Read Section 3 to familiarize yourself with DBAPE program
format and operation.
(3) Read Section 2, install DBAPE and execute the test runs.
(4) Try the example sessions in Section 6.
(5) Review Appendix C, the program structure charts, to get a
feel for the organization of the DBAPE program.
(6) Try using DBAPE to perform analysis and estimation tasks of
your own design. Consult Sections 4 and 5 to get
instructions on how to perform tasks of which you are
uncertain.
Experienced Users
(1) Read Section 2, install DBAPE and execute the test runs.
(2) Refer to Sections 4 and 5 as needed to perform analysis and
estimation tasks.
(3) Consult Appendices D (estimate methods) , E (state and county
FIPS codes), F (meteorologic stations) and G (program error
messages) as needed.
1.2 DBAPE OVERVIEW
1.2.1 Data Bases
DBAPE interacts with three data bases: a geographic soils data
base, a soils properties data base and a meteorologic data base.
The complete soils data bases and a summary file of meteorologic
station locations and record lengths are distributed with the DBAPE
program. Timeseries of meteorologic data for stations of interest
must be obtained separately from the Environmental Research
Laboratory, Athens, GA (Mr. Robert Carsel; phone (404) 546-3476
FTS 250-3476).
-------
Both the geographic and soils properties data bases include data
on four categories of agricultural soils. These are:
o PI (prime agricultural soils under nonirrigated conditions)
o P4 (prime agricultural soils under irrigated conditions)
o PO (other than prime soils) and
o ML (agricultural soils most likely to leach chemicals).
Appendix B provides a full description of the development and
contents of the soils data bases.
Geographic Soils Data Base
The geographic data base for DBAPE contains a summary of the
density (# of acres) of each of approximately 9000 soils on a
county basis for the contiguous United States. Data are not
available for a limited number of counties in which either (1) a
census has not been taken for agricultural soils or (2) they do not
exist. Figure B.I in Appendix B indicates the counties for which
data exist in the DBAPE soils data base.
Soil Properties Data Base
For all the soils tabulated in the geographic soils data base, the
soils properties data base contains information for up to three
morphological zones (surface, subsoil, and substratum).
Definitions for, these zones are provided in the glossary. For each
zone, characteristics of depth (in centimeters), textural
classification (e.g., sandy loam, clay loam, etc.), particle
texture (percent sand and clay), bulk density (megagrams per cubic
meter) , organic matter (percent) , and available water (cubic meters
water per cubic meter soil volume) are provided. For each data
type, low and high values are given to define a range. In addition
to the above information, the SCS soils hydrologic group (A, B, C
or D) and crop potential (from 65 potential crops) for the soil are
also catalogued.
Meteorologic Station Locations and Record Length Data Base
This data base is partially on-line and partially off-line. The
on-line component consists of coordinate information which defines
the location of all NOAA first order stations. The off-line
component consists of station record length data contained in
Appendix F.
-------
In addition DBAPE can generate solar radiation and evaporation
timeseries utilizing data from a meteorologic data base which is
currently being developed by EPA Athens. At the present time, this
data base is not an active component of the DBAPE package.
However, since pending enhancements are likely to expand the
analysis functions of DBAPE to interact with this data base it
also, is described in Appendix B. '
1.2.2 Interaction Framework (AIDE)
DBAPE has been developed using the ANNIE Interaction Development
Environment (AIDE) (Kittle et al., 1989). Consequently, user
interaction within the program is standardized in terms of screen
formats, movement within and between screens, and methods of
entering data, seeking on-line assistance and invoking commands.
A full explanation of the conventions used is provided in Section
•5 •
1.2.3 Program Capabilities
DBAPE enables (1) analysis of an environmental data base containing
geographic and soils properties data and location/record summaries
for meteorologic stations, (2) parameter estimation for subsurface
flow models and (3) generation of daily solar radiation and pan
evaporation timeseries for model applications. DBAPE can perform
several tasks:
Analyze
o Identify individual soils which satisfy one or more search
attributes; allowable search attributes are geographic
occurrence (in contiguous US, EPA region, state, or county),
zone depth (for surface, subsoil and substratum), soil
texture class, percent sand, percent clay, bulk density,
percent organic matter, available water, hydrologic group and
potential crops
o Display properties or geographic occurrence for individual
soils by table or map
o Order (sort and rank) the soils satisfying search criteria
according to any numerical property contained in the soils
data base
o Produce areally-weighted average values for soil properties
o Display areally weighted-average values for soil properties
-------
Generate output files for individual or weighted-average
soils analyses
Identify NOAA first order meteorologic station(s) nearest to
an area identified by a geographic search
Estimate
o Estimate model parameter values based on data for individual
soils; parameter values estimated are wilting point, field
capacity, residual water content, saturated hydraulic
conductivity, and van Genuchten parameters for the soil-water
characteristic function
o Display parameter estimates for individual soils
o Produce areally-weighted average estimates for parameter
values
£
o Display weighted-average parameter estimates by tables
o Generate parameter estimate output files for individual or
weighted-average soils
o Estimate functional relationships for soil-water retention
parameters; relationships estimated are pressure head versus
saturation and saturation versus relative permeability
o Produce plots for functional relationships on screen or
printer
o Generate input data for RUSTIC model
-------
SECTION 2
PROGRAM INSTALLATION AND EXECUTION
USE THIS SECTION FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO INSTALL, EXECUTE AND
VERIFY THE DBAPE PROGRAM AND DATA BASE.
This section describes how to install and test the DBAPE software
on the user's computer. Hardware and software requirements are
discussed. Exact details of installation are included with the
distribution media (diskette or tape) obtained from the EPA Center
for Exposure Assessment Modeling (CEAM) at the Environmental
Research Laboratory in Athens, Georgia. If problems are
experienced with DBAPE, the user should initially contact CEAM for
support. See the README.1ST document for the CEAM address amd
telephone number.
2.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
2.1.1 Hardware
DBAPE was developed with an IBM-PC compatible computer as the
primary target machine. The PC must have 640 KB of memory and
approximately 4 MB of free disk space (DBAPE with limited soils
data or no maps requires about 2 MB of free disk space). A math
coprocessor is strongly recommended.
Additional machines which should run DBAPE include Digital
Equipment Corporation VAX computers running the VMS operation
system, Prime 50 Series computer running PRIMOS and Sun
Microsystems workstations running UNIX. Contact CEAM for details
of support on this and other hardware.
2.1.2 Software
DBAPE is written in FORTRAN 77. If compilation of the code is
required, a FORTRAN compiler and linker are required.
Graphics in DBAPE use the ANSI Graphical Kernel System (GKS). If
the map and graph features are to be used, then GKS device drivers
are required for the user's output and input devices. Consult CEAM
for additional information about obtaining these device drivers.
-------
2.2 LOADING EXECUTABLE CODE
Included with the distribution media for DBAPE is a README.1ST
document and file that provides detailed instructions for
installing the program.
2.3 EXECUTING AND VERIFYING TEST SESSIONS
In order to test the installation of DBAPE, the following check
should be performed by the user. First, execute the DBAPE program
(on the PC type DBAPE). Next type the following keys( is the
enter key, is the F2 function key):
ADTNNNRPR
The screen in Figure 2.1 should appear on the display screen. If
is does not, review the -installation instructions carefully before
calling CEAM for support. To return to the operating system type
the key R.
**************************************************************
****** WELCOME TO "DBAPE11 ******
****** DATE JANUARY 12, 1988, REV. SEPTEMBER 25, 1989 ******
**************************************************************
Select an option.
fmiy$* - soa^O?** pre«pwty«iM^8Bftgw8P&& "*rt« &*«
Estimate - estimate parameter values for RUSTIC
Return - back to operating system
Type: ML soil Geographic: None
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: All
Search: Complete
Buffer: 240 soils
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:f| Next:H status:il Qul"et:ll xPad:ll Cmnd
Figure 2.1. Display screen after installation.
Further tests of DBAPE are found in Section 6. These test the
operation of the program in more detail and demonstrate the
program's capabilities.
-------
SECTION 3
PROGRAM FORMAT AND OPERATION
USE THIS SECTION FOR GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO OPERATE THE
DBAPE PROGRAM.
DBAPE has been developed using the ANNIE Interaction Development
Environment (Annie-IDE) (Kittle et al., 1989). Consequently, user-
interaction within the program is standardized in terms of screen
formats, movement within and between screens, and methods of
entering data, seeking on-line assistance and invoking commands.
3.1 Screen Format
Figure 3.1 defines the basic layout of a DBAPE screen. Layout is
consistent for all screens used by the program, with specific kinds
of information always located at the same region of the screen.
Screen information is divided into four components: three windows
(data window, assistance window, instruction window) and the
command line. For convenience, the dimensions, content, and
important features of the four screen components are summarized
along the periphery of the screen area in the figure.
3.1.1 Data Window
The top portion of the screen is the data window. The data window
contents consist of one or more of the following.
(1) prompts for user-supplied decisions
selection
by means of menu
(2) prompts for user-supplied data by means of form fill-in
(3) echoes for current state of data
(4) analysis or estimation results
Two user-controlled sizes for the data window are used. In the
default layout, the assistance window is not displayed, resulting
in a two window, one command line screen (see Figure 3.3 for
example). If the user desires any of the forms of assistance
described in Section 3.1.2, then the data window is reduced in size
to accommodate the assistance window (see Figure 3.1).
8
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Conversely, the assistance window can be eliminated from the
screen, thus expanding the data window, by invoking the QUIET
command () . DBAPE accommodates up to 50 lines of data and
enables scrolling in the data window by using cursor keys when the
data size exceeds the window size. The range of data lines
currently displayed in the window is indicated on the bottom right
hand border of the data window (e.g., "lines 1 to 16 of data").
The title of the window and a series of one letter codes which
identify the sequence of screens which have led up to the current
screen is displayed on the upper left hand border of the data
window. Further explanation of the "screen path" feature is
provided in Section 3.3.3.
3.1.2 Assistance Window
Several types of user assistance are available within DBAPE. Some
assistance is provided by DBAPE, and a limited amount may be
supplied by the program user. A layered approach to assistance is
used in DBAPE as follows.
(1) Use of .descriptive and unique words or abbreviations for
field or menu option names in the data window always provides
"first-cut" definitions.
(2) When space allows, additional information in the data window
near the data field or menu option clarifies the desired
information.
(3) If additional parameter- or screen-specific assistance is
available, it is supplied, upon request by the user, in the
assistance window. Two types of screen-dependent assistance
can be displayed in the assistance window: HELP and LIMITS.
(4) If assistance of a global nature (i.e., independent of
individual screens) is available, it, also, is displayed in
the assistance window upon request by the user. The three
types of global assistance which can be displayed in the
assistance window are CMND, STATUS and XPAD.
The layered "help" in DBAPE is designed so that the user must
specifically request the higher levels of assistance; consequently,
experienced users are not subjected to unnecessary information.
As specified above, the assistance window, which is located
directly below the data window (Figure 3.1), is used to display
the more detailed levels of assistance (HELP, LIMITS, CMND, STATUS
and XPAD). All types of detailed assistance are further described
later in this section. The user selects one assistance type at a
time and the available assistance of that type is displayed in the
assistance window. The title of the window (i.e., HELP, LIMITS,
CMND, STATUS or XPAD) is displayed on the left portion of the upper
10
-------
border for the window and corresponds to the type of assistance
which has been requested by the user. The types of assistance
which are available for a particular screen are indicated by the
options listed in the command line (Section 3.1.4). If the amount
of available assistance exceeds the window size, DBAPE enables
scrolling in the window by using cursor keys.
An example of screen layout for a three-window screen is shown in
Figure 3.3. Details on each of the assistance types which may be
displayed within the assistance window follow.
HELP
HELP assistance provides further information on model and system
parameters and menu options. As noted above, HELP text is specific
to a particular screen and can be scrolled in the assistance
window.
LIMITS
LIMITS displays the allowable values for a specific field in the
data window. LIMITS information may be (1) maximum and minimum
acceptable numeric values or (2) a list of acceptable alphanumeric
values. LIMITS text is specific to the field currently highlighted
in the data window, and it, also, can be scrolled.
CMND
CMND displays the names and definitions of all active commands at
the current location within DBAPE. The command definitions never
change. It should be noted, however, that the list of available
commands varies according to location within the program. For
example, the STATUS command is available only at certain program
"levels." The availability of commands may also be influenced by
the contents of the data window of the current screen. For
example, the WINDOW command (Section 3.1.4) is only available when
two-dimensional data are present in the data window, and the
scrolling commands (UPPG, DNPG) are only available when data for
the current data window exceed the window dimensions. CMND text
can be scrolled in the assistance window.
STATUS •
STATUS assistance displays system status messages that summarize
previous actions and indicate the relative location of the user
within the program structure. A maximum of 10 lines of STATUS
assistance may be viewed by the user at any point within an
application; STATUS assistance cannot be scrolled.
The STATUS assistance is the user's most effective means to avoid
becoming lost or confused during a complex sequence of operations.
11
-------
As an example, Figure 3.2 illustrates the information displayed in
the STATUS message during a data base search in which multiple
search attributes have been specified. The screen contains the
following information.
(1) The search has been performed on the soils in the most likely
to leach (ML) data base.
(2) The soils satisfying the search criteria have been added to
the buffer used for display or printout. Mode options for
include: Add to buffer (search is performed on specified data
base and results are added to any data already in the
buffer); Subset (search is performed only on soils already
contained in the buffer); and Clear (buffer will be cleared
before another results of another search enter the buffer.
(3) The search has been completed. STATUS designates a search as
either Pending, Active or Complete.
(4) The buffer contains data for 38 soils which satisfied all the
search criteria.
(5) The search was performed on data for all states in the
contiguous United States.
(6) Search criteria were not specified for soil name or
hydrologic group. Hence all names and all groups were
searched.
(7) Only soils with a potential for growing oats are included in
the search results.
(8) Only soils with between 40 and 100 percent low sand content
in the surface zone are included in the search results.
XPAD
Scratch pad (XPAD) assistance allows the user to write notes and
reminders during an interactive session. The capabilities in DBAPE
for providing this type of assistance are of a basic nature. The
user may record information in a single XPAD with a maximum width
of 78 characters and length of 10 lines. Regardless of where the
user is located within the interactive session, a request for XPAD
assistance will call up the same XPAD with the same information.
DBAPE enables scrolling of XPAD information in the assistance
window. New notes can be added to existing notes, and existing
notes can be overwritten.
12
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1
Select a geographic search display option
Text - summary of progress
PRint - map of progress
PLot - map of progress
Quit - don't do a geographic search
Type: ML soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 38 soils
Geographic: All
Properties: Name: Group: Crop:OATS
LSAND SUR 40 100 True
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
telp:|| Next:!? Status:|| Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Dmd
Figure 3.2. Example of information contained in a STATUS message.
3.1.3 Instruction Window
The instruction window is always present on every DBAPE screen.
In the screen layout, it is located below the data and assistance
windows and directly above the command line (see Figure 3.1). Two
types of information are provided in the window: instructions for
the user's next keystroke or error messages reporting incorrect
keystrokes with instructions for corrective actions. Depending on
which type of information is displayed by the system, the window
title on the screen will be either "INSTRUCT" or "ERROR." Figure
3.2 gives an example of the type of information commonly provided
in an INSTRUCT-type instruction window, and Figure 3.4 illustrates
an ERROR-type instruction window.
13
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-Opening screen-
**************************************************************
****** WELCOME TO "DBAPE" ******
****** DATE JANUARY 12, 1988, REV. SEPTEMBER 25, 1989 ******
*******************************************************
Select an option.
', , :
Estimate - estimate parameter values for RUSTIC
Return - back to operating system
r-INSTRUCT-
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:!
Next.-J
Xpad:|
Cmnd
Figure 3.3. Example instruction message in instruct window.
F
[^Select (ADPS)
Enter values for desired parameters.
Name --> Hydrologic Group -->none Crop --Hll?i
Parameter Layer Minimum Maximum True/False
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
STATUS
Type: ML soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
ERROR
Geographic: None
Properties: All
Invalid data input in highlighted field.
Use 'Limits' command to see acceptable range, or
'Help' command to see field definition.
elp:|j| Next:f$| Prev:j
| Liimts:ff| Status:|| Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 3.4. Example error message in instruct window.
14
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3.1.4 Command Line
The final component of the standard DBAPE screen is the command
line (Figure 3.1). The command line is restricted to one line.
It contains a menu of abbreviations for the available commands at
the user's current location within the program structure.
Definitions of the abbreviated commands are available by invoking
the CMND assistance in the assistance window.
Table 3.1 lists the commands available for DBAPE applications, the
function keys used to invoke commands, and command definitions.
Inspection of the command line in Figure 3.1 shows that some of the
commands are associated with the PC functions keys and some are
not. Instructions on the alternate methods for invoking the
various commands are provided in Section 3.3.
A final feature of the command line is mentioned here to avoid
confusion. As will be explained in the following section, three
interaction modes are utilized by DBAPE: data mode, command mode,
and assist mode. The command line appears on the screen when the
user is utilizing either the data mode or the command mode. When
the user has invoked the assist mode, the command line is removed
from the screen to avoid confusion, and command instructions are
displayed in the instruction window. When the user leaves the
assist mode to return to either of the other two modes, the command
line reappears.
3.2 INTERACTION MODES
User interaction is organized into three "modes," each with a
specific function:
(1) Use data mode to enter data or select from menu options in
data window.
(2) Use command mode to invoke commands or functions listed in the
command line; commands perform three functions:
(a) Allow exit from screens (NEXT, PREV, INTRPT).
(b) Manage assistance window (HELP, LIMITS, XPAD, STATUS,
CMND, QUIET, UPPG, DNPG).
(c) Manipulate data window (UPPG, DNPG, OOPS, WINDOW).
(3) Use assist mode to provide supplemental information in the
scratch pad (XPAD) on which to base subsequent actions or to
scroll up or down in the assistance window.
Note that, given the limited function of the assist mode, most
tasks performed using DBAPE will only require use of the data and
command modes.
15
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TABLE 3.1. COMMANDS FOR APPLICATION OF DBAPE
COMMAND
NAME
CHHD
ONPG
HELP
INTRPT
LIMITS
NEXT
OOPS
PREV
QUIET
STATUS
UPPG
WINDOW
XPAO
FUNCTION-*,, . „ .. , ' . •'
KEY COHHAHD DEFINITION
DISPLAY DEFINITIONS OF COMMANDS IN ASSISTANCE INFORMATION WINDOW
', DISPLAY NEXT PAGE IN DATA. WINDOW (..-••••-.
DISPLAY HELP INFORMATION IN ASSISTANCE INFORMATION WINDOW
STOP CURRENT" ACTIVITY .
' DISPLAY LIMITS OF CURRENT'FIELD IN ASSISTANCE INFORMATION WINDOW
GO TO NEXT SCREEN (SETS SCREEN EXIT STATUS CODE TO 1)
RESET VALUES IN DATA WINDOW TO VALUES; WHEN SCREEN FIRST DISPLAYED
GO TO PREVIOUS SCREEN , „ -
' .TURN OFF ASSISTANCE INFORMATION WINDOW TO ALLOW MORE ROOM FOR DATA
, DISPLAY SYSTEM STATUS iN ASSISTANCE INFORMATION WINDOW
DISPLAY PREVIOUS .PAGE Iti DATA WINDOW .
DEFINE CORNER OF DATA OPERATION WINDOW ;
DISPLAY USERS SCRATCH PAD. ALLOW CHANGES
Movement from each of the interaction modes to the qther modes can
be accomplished as follows.
data mode to command mode
data moGe to assist mode
command mode to data mode
command mode to assist mode
- press key
- press function key associated with
appropriate type of assistance or
enter command mode and select
appropriate assistance from options
in command line
- press key
- select appropriate type of -"
assistance from options in command
line
assist mode to data mode . • •*- press key
assist mode to command mode - press key twice (goes
through data mode)
3.3 SCREEN MOVEMENT ..- ' ",..'•
'-*.'' • - ' ''*,'"
DBAPE allows the user the flexibility of using both keybpard and
mouse communication for screen movement- and operations. From the
keyboard, commands may be invoked either by .pressing designated
function keys or by typing the first letter of a command name.
Likewise, menu options may be selected either by moving the cursor
(either by use of cursor keys or a mouse) to the selection field
and confirming, or by typing the first letter (or letters, if
needed) of the menu item. For each of the three interaction modes,
individual keys and key groups are us^, irt a .consistent manner as
summarized in Table 3.2. • ' '•1-;;i\; '• -"" •,•:.;-••;_'•• .™-^>«'-.t'~-^,:::^ •i-.'"-.^.-- .-•.•>•
16
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TABLE 3.2. KEYSTROKES AND THEIR RESULTS
MODE KEY GROUP
DATA PRINTABLE
CHARACTER
UNPRINTABLE
CURSOR
MOVEMENT
FUNCTION
COMMAND PRINTABLE
CHARACTER
UNPRINTABLE
CHARACTER
,
.
CURSOR
MOVEMENT
FUNCTION
ASSIST PRINTABLE
CHARACTER
UNPRINTABLE
CHARACTER
CURSOR
MOVEMENT
FUNCTION
KEY CODE
OR
OR
OR
, , ,
RESULT
TEXT SCREEN - NOTHING
MENU SCREEN - SELECT OPT ION(S) ASSOCIATED WITH CHARACTER
NO CONFIRMATION NEEDED
DATA SCREEN - CHARACTER INSERTED AT CURSOR POSITION
TEXT SCREEN - NOTHING
MENU SCREEN - NOTHING
DATA SCREEN - END FIELD, MOVE TO NEXT FIELD
SWITCH TO COMMAND MODE
NOTHING
MOVE WITHIN DATA WINDOW AS APPROPRIATE
SWITCH TO COMMAND MODE
EXECUTE ASSOCIATED COMMAND (- 'HELP' , etc.)
EXECUTE COMMAND WITH CORRESPONDING FIRST LETTER IF
AVAILABLE ,
SELECT HIGHLIGHTED COMMAND
SWITCH TO DATA MODE
NOTHING
HIGHLIGHT COMMAND TO THE .LEFT . . ' :
HIGHLIGHT COMMAND T'O THE RIGHT
NOTHING
SWITCH TO DATA MODE -.,,,..• - ,,-
NOTHING ,
XPAD - CHARACTER INSERTED AT CURSOR POSITION
OTHER - NOTHING
SWITCH TO DATA MODE : ,.::
XPAD - MOVE TO START OF NEXT LINE ^ ^ 5
OTHER - NOTHING
NOTHING
MOVE WITHIN ASSISTANCE WINDOW AS POSSIBLE
SWITCH TO DATA MODE
, i >•''-' " '•• • • • . '"' -. .v. ' •. • '
NOTHING -. ; ;:-,-.- , •';••;: .-..-:.;; • :,:?-!vrrr
17
-------
Several general features of user communication using these
keystrokes within DBAPE should be noted:
(1) There are no restrictions to upper- or lower-case mode.
(2) A key or command is always used to invoke the same function.
(3) Function keys are only used to invoke commands.
3.3.1 Movement Within Screens
Movement_ within screens may consist of (1) movement between
interaction modes, (2) movement between the three windows and the
command line, or (3) movement within a window or command line. The
first type of movement, between interaction modes, has already been
described in Section 3.2 and will not be further considered here.
Procedures which cause movement within and between the three
windows and the command line of a screen are outlined below. For
organization, the procedures which cause movement are categorized
in terras of the three interaction modes.
Data Mode
In data mode, screen movement and operations may be accomplished
by pressing either printable character keystrokes, the or
key, the cursor keys or selected function keys. However,
the result of pressing some of these keys depends on the type of
screen which is presently displayed.
If one is prompted for decisions by means of a menu (i.e., a menu
screen), keystrokes cause the following results.
(1) Type the first letter (or first two letters if needed) of
any option in the menu in order to select the option.
(2) Use cursor keys to move between highlighted menu options.
(3) Press function keys designated on the command line to invoke
the following commands.
- HELP - NEXT - PREV - XPAD
If one is prompted for data by means of form.fill-in (i.e., a data
screen), keystrokes cause the following results.
(1) Type alphanumeric characters needed to correctly fill in the
data screen; the characters will be inserted in the screen
at the cursor position.
(2) Press or to end entry in one data field and
move to another.
18
-------
(3) Use cursor keys to move within and among data screen
fields as needed.
(4) Use function keys to invoke the following command functions.
- HELP - NEXT - PREV - LIMITS
- XPAD
If the data window is filled with the results of analysis or
estimation operations (i.e., a text screen), keystrokes for
printable characters do not cause actions. However, cursor
movement and some function keys do cause screen action.
(1) Use cursor keys to move within data window as appropriate.
(2) Use function keys to invoke the following command functions.
- HELP - NEXT - PREV - STATUS
- QUIET - XPAD
Command Mode
In the command mode, three categories of keystrokes cause movement
within screens.
(1) All commands, with the exception of NEXT, PREV and INTRPT
(see Section 3.3.2), cause movement within screens. Type the
first character of any of these commands to invoke the
command and cause activity in either the data or the
. assistance window. The activity caused by invoking each
command is summarized in Table 3.1. As described in Section
3.1.2, the commands CMND, HELP, LIMITS, STATUS, QUIET and
XPAD cause activity in the assistance window. The commands
DNPG and UPPG can cause activity in both the assistance
window and the data window, and the commands OOPS and WINDOW
cause activity exclusively in the data window. The functions
of these latter four commands are as follows.
DNPG - removes current window of data and replaces it with
a full window of data which directly follows it in
the data file
OOPS - resets values in data screen to the values present
when the screen was first displayed
19
-------
WINDOW - expands data operation window within the data
window. Within the operation window, arithmetic
operands (+,-/*,//**) can be used to modify values
in 1- or 2-D fields. For 1-D screens, cursor
movement highlights fields for individual data
values. An arithmetic operation can implemented by
typing it into the appropriate field and then
pressing the or key. For 2-D
screens, the WINDOW command allows the user to
perform global manipulations by establishing a
highlighted field, and then typing the operation
into this field. All values within the specified
field are modified accordingly.
UPPG - removes current window of data and replaces it with
a full window of data which directly precedes it in
the data file
(2) Press the or key to execute the command
currently highlighted in the command line.
(3) Use the right or left cursor keys to move the highlighting to
another command along the command line.
Assist Mode
While the user is in the assist mode, keystrokes cause no actions
whatsoever unless (1) the scratch pad (XPAD) is active or (2)
information which can be scrolled is contained in the assistance
window. If the scratch pad is active, typed characters are
inserted into the scratch pad at the current location of the
cursor. The cursor can move in all directions, and pressing the
or key causes the start of a new line. Cursor
keys can be used to scroll up or down in any assistance window when
the available assistance exceeds the window height.
3.3.2 Movement Between Screens
A user can leave one DBAPE screen and move on to another either by
(1) selecting a menu option in the data window or (2) invoking
commands displayed on the command line.
Menu Options
Selection of a menu option always leads to a new screen. From the
data mode, menu selections can be made by one of three methods.
(1) Type the first letter (or letters, if needed) of the menu
item.
20
-------
(2) Move the cursor by use of cursor keys to the selection field
arid confirm by typing .
. • ..,'.',/ "
(3) For commands which are associated with a function key (as
indicated in the command line), press the appropriate
function key.
(4) Hove the cursor by use of a mouse to the selection field and
confirm by.clicking.
3.3.3 Screen Path * ' -
During an interactive session, DBAPE • provides an aid for
remembering the sequence of screens -which have led up to the screen
which ds cuj^fentiy being- dij^iayed, ' The screen path is connoted
along the^upper^'left'hahd; border :of the data window following the
window title (see Figure.3^3)'V The screen path is arseries of one
or two letter codeis which identify both (1) the type of operations
and (2) the sequence of operations which have occurred from the
time the user leaves the opening screen of DBAPE until arriving at
the current screen. For example, the screen path "ADGS" signifies
that the cur-rent screen is & result of (1> selecting the Analysis
option on the\>pening screen, (2) opting to befine search criteria
on the Analysis screen, (3) selecting a Geographic search and (4)
specifying that the geographic area Of interest will be defined as
States.
^ "*• f .-•'.•',-
As the user branches downward in DBAPE, a letter is added to the
screen path:each -time an operation is performed which results in
the display of a hew screen. The letter corresponds to the first
letter of the option selected in the previous screen. In the case
of some menus two letters are needed, to. differentiate between
options (e.g.> PLot and PRint). In such cases, both letters are
added to the screen path* Conversely, upward movement within
DBAPE, which is accomplished by using the Return option in any
menu, results in the elimination of a letter from the screen path.
21
-------
It should be noted that familiarity with screen sequencing can also
speed up the time it takes to perform frequent tasks. After
memorizing the screen path needed to perform a sequence of
operations and, hence, arrive at a particular location in the
program, one may type ahead and pass quickly over intermediate
screens.
22
-------
SECTION 4
ANALYZE
USE THIS SECTION FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO PERFORM TASKS RELATED
TO ANALYZING THE SOILS AND METEOROLOGIC DATA BASES.
DBAPE interacts with three data bases: a geographic soils data
base, a soils properties data base and a meteorologic data base.
The majority of the available capabilities are designed to interact
with the soils data bases. DBAPE can perform the following
functions.
(1)
Define search criteria. Allowable criteria include soils
categories, geographic limits, and soils properties. Soils
categories include PI, P4, PO, and ML (see Section 1.2.1 for
definitions). The geographic limits of a search may be
specified in terms of the contiguous United States, EPA
administrative regions, states or counties. Soils properties
which are allowable search attributes include zone depth (for
surface, subsoil and substratum), soil texture class, percent
sand, percent clay, bulk density, percent organic matter,
available water, hydrologic group and potential crops.
(2) Find soils which satisfy the search criteria and copy their
identification numbers to a buffer.
(3) Order (i.e., sort and rank) the soils contained in the search
buffer according to soil numbers, acreage or any numerical
property contained in the soils data base.
(4) Produce summary information for soils contained in the search
buffer for any numerical property contained in the soils
properties data base. DBAPE can generate (1) a table which
reports the values for up to six selected parameters for each
of the individual soils contained in the search buffer, (2)
areally-weighted average values or (3) a table which reports
the distribution of soils within specified value ranges.
Great care must be exercised when interpreting weighted
output due to the fact that the depths of soil zones vary and
all zones may not be defined for the soils being weighted.
23
-------
(5) View and/or- .save the results of searches or statistical
analyses. Viewing mechanisms allowed include the display
' monitor, the printer and files on disk. Viewing formats
include both tables and maps (if graphics drivers for maps
are available). Viewing formats are specific to the various
Analyze functions as reflected in the instructions below.
(6) Modify the buffer contents to allow analysis of a different
set of soils. Individual soils can be added or deleted. All
of the soils in the buffer can be cleared. . The results of a
separate search can be added to the buffer, or a new search
can be performed based only on the soils already contained in
the buffer.
All of the analysis capabilities listed above are related to the
soils data base. In addition, DBAPE can perform a task related to
analysis of the meteorologic data base described in Section 1.
(1) Compute and identify NOAA first order meteorologic station
nearest to a specified geographic area.
Analysis activities are initiated by selecting the Analysts option
on the opening screen ,of DBAPE. All instructions for performing
analysis functions (Sections 4.1 - 4.6) begin at the Analyze (A)
screen (Figure 4.l).
24
-------
4.1 DEFINE SEARCH CRITERIA
1
Select an
Beffftfc '•*•
Find
Order
Summarize
View
Buffer
Return
Analyze option.
- execute specified search
- sort buffer on selected property
- soils in buffer
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
- back to Opening screen
Select an option using arrow keys
Then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
1eip:i|:| Next:|!j| Xpad:j|f
Cmnd
Figure 4.1.
screen.
Selection of the Define option on the Analyze (A)
Use the Define option of the Analyze (A) screen to define searches.
The attributes of a search which can be defined include:
(1) Type(s) of soils. One or more of the four soils categories
(PI, P4, PO, ML) can be searched.
(2) Soils Properties. A search can be performed on one or more
attributes of the soils properties data base. For example,
a search for all soils with a bulk density value between 1.65
and 1.85 which have a potential to grow oats can be
specified.
(3) Geographic area. The search area can be defined as the
contiguous United States, one or more EPA administrative
regions, one or more states, or one or more counties.
(4) Search mode. The search can be performed on (1) specified
soils categories or (2) only on the soils contained in the
buffer as a result of a previous search. The results of the
new search can either replace the contents of the buffer or
be added to them.
25
-------
4.1.1 Define Type of Soil for Search
•
i— Oefine (AD)
Select a Define option.
%£T% \^S«.*%$ffa¥ typs & suffer ,sear<$b
Property - specify properties of soil for search
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode - specify mode of buffer management
Return - back to Analyze
i— STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4,PO soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
Geographic: None
Properties: All
INSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next:|i Prev:]
|j Status:||! Quiet:il Xpad:^ Crond
Figure 4.2,
screen.
Selection of the Type option of the Define (AD)
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Define option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Type option of the Define (AD) screen(see Figure
4.2). DBAPE now displays the Type (ADT) screen (see Figure
4.3).
(3) Type a Y in the field following each soil category which you
wish to include in the search. When you have defined the
categories to be searched, use the Next command to return to
the Define (AD) screen. At this point, the search can be
further defined by selecting other options in the Define (AD)
screen menu.
RESULTS
When the search is executed using the Find (AF) screen (see Section
4.2), only those categories of soils specified using the above
instructions will be searched. A summary of the soils categories
selected is reported after "Type:" in the Status window (see Figure
4.2 for example).
26
-------
f
Tvnr* fAHTV
Indicate active soil types.
ML - most likely problem soils jUjf
P1 - prime agricultural soils YES
P4 - irrigated agricultural soils YES
PO - possible agricultural soils YES
Type: ML,P1,P4,PO soil Geographic: None
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: All
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
. .TM^TPiirr
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:^ Next:¥;2 Prev:$|* Limits:;lp Status:!! Quiet:|S Xpad:5§ Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.3. Type (ADT) screen used to define soils categories
for a search.
Figure 4.3 indicates the four soils data bases which can be
searched. Details on the contents of each data base are provided
in Appendix B. Unless you have a specifice application of DBAPE
in mind that requires only one of the data bases, it is recommended
that preliminary searches be performed using all four data bases.
27
-------
4.1.2 Define Soils Properties for Search
ft »-£:„,. **r\s
Select a
Type
fc£$PfS^&
Define option.
- specify type of soil for search
, >,.ap^ejr^'^r6e«-«f«ft%0f soft iw searc*
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode
Return
.,_«?TATtl key to move to each of the
property fields which you wish to define. For example, you
could specify that soils which have a crop potential for rice
28
-------
(crop I 17) and a high value of sand in the surface zone
which is greater than 70 percent be included in the search-
Note . that soil name, hydrologic group ,and crop potential
properties are defined as one value for all three zones; all
other properties must be specified by zone. A list of valid
parameter names is provided in Table 4.1. See Appendix B for
detailed definitions of the soil zones. 'When- you have
defined the soils properties to be searched, use the Next
command to return to the Define (AD) screen. At this point,
the search can be further defined by selecting other options
in the Define (AD) screen menu.
RESULTS ' '-•'..•/. • ••' '•-. . .' ' '" -.-• '-,' ' .^':'';":'^--:-
When the search is executed using the Find (AF) screen (see Section
4.2), only those soils satisfying the property definitions made
using the above instructions will be searched. A summary of the
properties you have defined is reported after "Properties:" in the
Status window (see Figure 4.6 for example).
[—Property (ADP)
- t. . ;
Select a Property option,
All - include all properties
None - don't do a properties search . ,
STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4,PO soil
Hode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soi Is
Geographic: None ; • •
Properties: All
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, dr
Type the first letter of an option.
Help;'!! Next:II Prev:
H Status:^ Quiet: IS Xpad:{f$ Cmnd
1 ' •' ' * .>'.'; '
Figure 4.5. Selection of the Select option of the Property' (ADP)
screen.
29
-------
F
Select (ADPS)"
Enter values for desired parameters.
Name -->||li! Hydrologic Group -->none Crop --> 17
Parameter Zone Minimum Maximum True/False
HSAND SUR 70. 100. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4,PO soil Geographic: None
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: All
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
I HSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use "Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:f|f Next:|J! Prev:fj| Limits:^ Status:!! Quiet:H xPad:H Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.6. Soil properties selection screen for defining search
criteria.
TABLE 4.1 VALID PARAMETER NAMES FOR DEFINING SEARCHES OR
ORDERING BUFFER SOILS.
Parameter
name
DEPTH
TOLAS
LSAND
HSAND
LCLAY
HCLAY
LBLKD
HBLKD
LORMT
HORMT
LAVLW
HAVLW
Definition
depth of soil layer (cm)
soil texture class (see Table B.I)
low value for sand (percent)
high value for sand (percent)
low value for clay (percent)
high value for clay (percent)
low value for bulk density (megagrams/liter)
high value for bulk density (megagrams/liter)
low value for organic matter (percent)
high value for organic matter (percent)
low value for available water (fraction)
high value for available water (fraction)
30
-------
4.1.3 Define Geographic Area of Interest
1
Select a
Type
Property
Mode "
Return
Type: ML,P1,P4,PO soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soi Is
TUCTRIIPT
Define option.
- specify type of soil for search
- specify properties of soil for search
- specify mode of buffer management
- back to Analyze
Geographic: None
Properties: All
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
telp:|! Next:f| Prev:i
!$i Status:!;?: Quiet :|S Xpad:JH Cmnd
Figure 4.7.
(AD) screen.
Selection of the Geographic option of the Define
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Define option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Geographic option of the Define (AD) screen (see
Figure 4.7). DBAPE now displays the Geographic (ADG) screen
(see Figure 4.8).
(3) Select a geographic area. Select the All option if you want
to search the entire contiguous United States. Select the
None option if you do not want to do a geographic search. If
you choose either of these options, DBAPE returns you to the
Define (AD) screen where you can use other menu options to
further define the search. Select the Region option of the
Geographic (ASG) screen if you want to define the search in
terms of an EPA administrative regions. If you choose this
option, DBAPE displays the Region (ADGR) screen (see Figure
4.9). Select a region to search and use the Next command to
return to the Define (AD) screen. Select the States option
of the Geographic (ASG) screen if you want to define the
search in terms of one or more states or counties. If you
choose this option, DBAPE displays the State (ADGS) screen
31
-------
(see Figure 4.10). If you want to search all counties of a
state, enter the state abbreviation in a field in the "State"
column and leave the "0" in the corresponding field in the
"County" column. If you want to search only specific
counties of a state, the state/county pair must be specified
for each county. Use postal service state abbreviations and
county FIPS code numbers (see Appendix F) to designate the
states and counties, respectively. When you have defined
states and/or counties to search, use the Next command to
return to the Define (AD), screen,
RESULTS
When the search is executed using the Find (AF) screen (see Section
4.2), only those geographic areas specified using the above
instructions will be searched. A summary of the area selected is
reported after "Geographic:" in the Status window (see Figure 4.14
for example).
I
Select a Geographic area.
All - search all geographic areas
Region ~ specify an EPA geographic region
None - don't search the geographic database
or ATI K
Type: HL,P1,P4,PO soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
'INSTRUCT
Geographic: None
Properties: All
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:j|| Next:j|g Prev:i
fjj Status:!! Qul"et:ll xPad:.ll Cmnd
Figure 4.8. Selection of geographic area of interest using the
Geographic (ADG) screen.
32
-------
, . : ..
i "i ,!,':••
1
: Rc ion (ADCR1 ' "' "r ••'•tfi'i! ;it;V '' • •'•'**-• :••;-'•: i "^
: "Select an EPA geographic Region. '•'• 1 ' •<']'•. *.'«!. " ' s
83 „_-< EPA j*eg1o&,l: „ , ' R6 - EPA^ Region 6~ . 5 .! ; ,
R2 - EPA Region 2' '' ' ' , R7 -EPA' Region 7 ' ."! ,
: : R3 - EPA Region'3 ' R8 - EPA Region 8 ' : • '"• '•
;•, R4 - EPA Region'4>s " ; • R9 - EPA'Region 9 = ' -"''"- ';'.
-. .R,5 ,- EPA Region ^ ,,j ;.:,,•(;,:..-; R10- EPA Region 10 ;• r
0
Type: ML,P1,P4,PO soil Geographic: None
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: All
Search: Pending ^
Buffer: 0 soils * • • • ; * • - • - •-•- .•--.-.. >
IWTRUCT .'"'.' '. ' ' '
. ( ,. . Select an, opt ion .using arrow . keys ..,.. ,,,r, ..-.
then confirm selection w.ith the'F2 key, " dr: " " ' ',
Type the first letter of an option. ••••
...%
ielp:|| Next:fg Prev:||| Status:;^;' Quiet:i|§ Xpad:!|.$! Cmnd' '
• , . t ^
^lu'-r;
Figure 4.9. Regions (AD6R) screen used to define EPA Region(s)
as the geographic extent of a search. i
Enter State and county
, . ., : . ' -•, , - -•'.'• , :
values in pairs (county= 0 for all of state)
State County
none 0 ' ' ,
none 0 ' '
none 0 ' , ,
none 0 ,•••.-.
hone 0
''hone " '0. ' " '"" ' '' ' "''
-, : •-.-•. - i-, Mi- r ..•-••;
Type: ML,P1,P4,PO soil
Mode : Add to ' buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: None ''' ' ••'-•'
Prpperties: All . ...• . ,.,
: '; ' ' '''••• * :' Enter data in hi'ghlVghtey 'field(s). -"" ' "'
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|!| Next:||i Prev::
'& Limits:i5 Status:^ Quiet:|S Xpad:|§! Cmnd Oops
i
i
1
• p j . f • • ^
Figure 4.10. State (ADGS) screen used to define state(s) as the
geographic extent of a search.
33
-------
4.1.4 Define Mode of Buffer Management for Search
h
-Define (AD> '-
'' . I '' ' I -. ' .,':'"' ' , ,'.' ( '
Select a Define option'. « :..;... , „ • :*.l ;
'Type 7; specify'type of s'oil ^o'f search • • , . t •',
Property - specify properties of soil for search
SSSSiplPJjic. T specify geographic area of interest
Return
STATUS
Type: ML.P1.P4.PO soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
-^back^to, Analyze" - ' 'v -...."-
* ' .......
Geographic: None •>••..<•
• Properties: ' All'.. . ••.:•-.'• >. . ;
- , Select an option using arrow keys . ' .
..then confirm selection with the F2 key, or ...... ;
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:|| Next:|| Prev:]
| Status:^ Quiet:!| Xpad:^ Cmnd
. * ', r, . , • . '••
• : '• ' '
Figure 4.11.
screen.
Selection of the Mode option of the Define (AD)
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Define option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Mode option of the Define (AD) screen (see Figure
4.11). DBAPE now displays the Mode (ADM) screen (see Figure
4.12). . . _ _ , ._ _/ ,,,,_ , _.__. .. ,_ . . .._ ,
(3) Select a mode for updating the buffer. Select the Add option
to add the,results of the. pending search to the soils already
residing in the buffer from a previous search. Select the
•Subset option to perform the pending search only oh those
soils already contained in the buffer. Select,^he Clear
option to remove the soils currently in thei buffer before the
pending search is executed. Use the Next command to return
to the Define (AD) screen where you can use other menu
options to further define the search.
3,4
-------
RESULTS
When the search is executed using the Find .(A?) screen (see Section
4.2), the buffer will be managed and the search will be performed
according to the instructions given* on the Mode (ADM) screen. The
•option selected for the pending search is reported after "Mode:"
in the Status window (see JFigure. 4;.i2 Tfbr example).
I
Mode (ADM)
•" ^^ ' V"'/-i ';!:•-•""•"•''•"' '''..?*:'<
Select a Mode for updating buffer. — •
Add - soils found in search to existing- buffer' ' ' ' ' f ••.•V
Clear - remove soils from current buffer "
' , . - , , .-,,•• „ ., j,.,.
i STATUS • .••,.„ , ; * ,..;,.., ,,,. ,
Type: Ml,P1,P4,PO soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:'NY C6:AU
Properties: All • ~ —
^ - -• • - ^ . e . .-:•-.,.-. • . • • . 4 t
' ' Select an'bpti'on using arrow keys '•'•• • "'-• - • ». ? •- ' ' , ;
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
)elp:§l Next:^ Prev:!
i Status:!! «"'«:& Xpadr^ Cmnd
1
Figure 4.12. Mode (ADM) screen used to select a mode for
updating the buffer for the pending search.
Figure 4.12 indicated the three options for buffer management.
Either . ,
' • .---.• . ' .'..'if'. '•.".'' '. -*"' ;"', j i"/8'i ,•'..' :';r'.5!'l " ".,"'", "•';, -.,V. .', • . •'.'",. . 'i'U ! .-. i "
(1) the soils satisfying the search criteria, for a pending search
; can'be added* t:c> soils already ..contained in the buffer,, or
(2) the search can ,be performed only pn"soils already contained
in the buffer, or '
(3) the soils already in the buffer as a result of previous
searches can be cleared.
Note that the Subset option has been highlighted and is ready to
be selected. If it was selected, the message after "Mode:11 in the
STATUS window will change from "Add to buffer" to "Subset buffer".
35
-------
4.2 FIND SOILS WHICH SATISFY SEARCH CRITERIA
f
Select an
Define
Order
Summarize
View
Buffer
Return
INSTRUCT
Analyze option.
-^ search criteria
- sort buffer on selected' property
- soils in buffer
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
- back to Opening screen
Select an option using arrow keys
Then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:||f Next:3|| Status:§
* Xpad:H Cmnd
Figure 4.13.
screen.
Selection of the Find option on the Analyze (A)
Use the Find option of the Analyze (A) screen to execute searches.
INSTRUCTIONS
The following instructions assume that you have already fully
defined the search which you want to make a search using the
options in the Define (AD) screen (Section 4.1).
(1) Select the Find option of the Analyze (A) screen.
displays the Find (AF) screen (see Figure 4.14).
DBAPE now
(2) If soil properties specifications have been made for the
search, the Find (AF) screen displays the number of soils
which have been searched and the number which satisfy the
specifications. After the properties search is complete, use
the Next command to execute the geographic search.
(3) If geographic search specifications have been made for the
search, the Find (AF) screen now shows menu options for
following the progress of the geographic search as it is
executed. When an option is selected, the search will
continue. Use the Text option to display a screen during the
36
-------
search which displays each state as it is searched. Use the
Display option if you want to track the search progress by
displaying a screen on your monitor Which (T) draws the
boundaries of each state of the selected geographic area on
the screen as it is searched and (2) draws and fills in the
boundaries of each county in the state which contains soils
satisfying the search requirements. Use the PRint option if
you want to perform the same mapping procedure on your
printer. Use the PLot option if you want to use a plotting
device to perform the mapping procedure. The Display, PRint
and PLot options all have specific software and hardware
requirements which are described in Section 2. When the
search has been completed DBAPE displays a screen which
indicates all of the states which have been searched.
(4) If a map has been displayed on the monitor, type R to return
to the Analyze (A) screen. Otherwise, use the Next command
to leave the current screen and return to the Analyze (A)
screen.
RESULTS
The search is executed, and the identification numbers of the soils
which satisfy the search requirements are copied to the buffer.
r;_~l *Ar\
Select a geographic search display option.
tex-fc - summaryr «£ progress
Display - map of progress on screen
PRint - map of progress
PLot - map of progress
Quit - don't do a geographic search
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 0 soils
1 -
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: :,None •.';-..
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:£! Next:|2 Status:!?: Quiet:|S Xpad:|g Cmnd
.gure 4.14. Selection of an option for viewing the progress of
geographic search using the Find (AF) screen.
Figure 4.14.
a
37
-------
4.3 ORDER SOILS IN BUFFER
t
Select an Analyze option.
Define - search criteria , ... . >•.
Find ^^ - execute specified search
Pt%£4.'i'ri4w?* Ixrf ¥&> 'ofi^ejUwstaxJ pjsapsrty
Summarize - soils in buffer
View - individual soil properties
Buffer --.advanced buffer maintenance
Return - back to Opening screen,
; ' ".•-'- -•..,.-.
INSTRUCT
SeJLect an option using arrow keys
Then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type, the first letter of an option.
lelp:||j Next:H Status:|§ Xpad:|! Cmnd
Figure 4.15.
screen.
Selection of £ne Order option on the Analyze (A)
Use the Order option of the Analyze (A) screen to sort and rank the
soils in the buffer after a search has been completed. This
capability allows you to display or save the results of the search
in an ordered sequence in subsequent operations performed using
the Summary and View options of the Analyze (A) screen.
When the Order option is selected on the Analyze (A) screen, DBAPE
displays the Order (AO) screen (see Figure 4.16 for an example).
Soils can be ordered by (1) soil identification number, (2) acreage
or (3) any numerical property contained in the soils property data
base. Sections 4.3.1 through 4.3.3 give instructions for ordering
by each of the three methods.
38
-------
.. = -.*-,
-Order (AO)
Select an
Number v -
^cr^ai^;
Property -
—STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
s
thet
Tl
Help:f! Next:!§ Prev:
Order parameter.
order the soil numbers "
order a specified' soil property's values
Geographic: , St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Select an option using arrow keys
i confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Kpe the first letter of an option.
if Status:if; Quiet:!| Xpad:JH Cmnd
Figure 4.16. Selection of a parameter for ordering the soils in
the search buffer b'y using the Order (AO) screen. - '
39
-------
4.3.1 Order Soils by Soil Number
H
i— Number (AON)
For soil Numbers,
Enter the ordering of
.-STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
INSTRUCT
....... . ... ., .. ,
i:-l:>
: .___ . . , , ... ..... tr- ,' ,
the values ~~> ft§G£$?3'3|u
-•• - •' — -' ' '
Geographic:' St:NY Co:All
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage teeturn or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:|| Next:f|| Prev:;
H Limits:||' Status:|| Quiet:|| Xpad.-ff' Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.17. Number (AON) screen options selected to cause
ordering of soils in buffer by ascending soil number.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Order option of the Analyze (A) screen (see Figure
4-15) • .,,,..
(2) Select the Number option of the Order (AO) screen. DBAPE now
displays the Number (AON) screen (see Figure 4.17 for an
example).
(3) Specify Ascending or Descending ordering by typing A or D
respectively, in the data field.
(4) Use the Next command to' cause the specified ordering and
return to the Analyze (A) screen.
RESULTS
The soils in the buffer are ordered by soil identification number.
40
-------
4.3.2 Order Soils by Acreages
'
For soil Acreages,
Enter the ordering of the values --> HIHI1III
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Mode: Subset buffer Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soi Is "•
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
telp:|! Next:ff Prev:g Limits:!| Status:!! Qu'et:H xPad:P Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.18. Acreage (AOA) screen options selected to cause
ordering of soils in buffer by descending acreage.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Order option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Acreage option of the Order (AO) screen (see
Figure 4.16). DBAPE now displays the Acreage (AOA) screen
(see Figure 4.18 for an example).
(3) Specify Ascending or Descending ordering by typing A or D,
respectively, in the data field.
(4) Use the Next command to cause the specified ordering and
return to the Analyze (A) screen.
RESULTS
The soils in the buffer are ordered by acreage.
41
-------
4.3.3 Order Soils by Property
f
r— Property (AQP)
For soil Property,
Enter the property on which to order --> i,$AW,;T
Enter the zone for the specified property --> SUR
Enter the ordering of the values --> DESCENDING
STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
^INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
lelp:^ Next:|p Prevrj
•f Limits:|§ status:il Qui"et:ll xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.19. Selection of property, zone, and ordering options
on the Properties (AOP) screen.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Order option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Property option of the Order (AO) screen. DBAPE
now displays the Property (AOP) screen (Figure 4.19).
(3) In the top field specify the property on which to order the
soils in the buffer. Valid names are listed in Table. 4.1.
(4) In the middle field specify the zone (SUR for surface, SUB
for subsoil or STR for substratum) whose property value will
be used for ordering.
(5) Specify Ascending or Descending ordering by typing A or D,
respectively, in the bottom data field.
(6) Use the Next command to cause the specified ordering and
return to the Analyze (A) screen.
RESULTS
The soils in the buffer are ordered by the selected property.
42
-------
4.4 PRODUCE SUMMARY INFORMATION FOR SOILS IN BUFFER
—Analyze (A)
Select an
Define
Find
Order
View"
Buffer
Return
Analyze option.
- search criteria
- execute specified search
- sort buffer on selected property
-individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
- back to Opening screen
—I NSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
Then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next:fjf Status:|
| Xpad:ff Cmnd
: Figure 4.20. Selection of the Summarize option on the Analyze
(A) screen.
Use the Summarize option of the Analyze (A) screen to generate and
display or save three forms of summary information for the soils
contained in the buffer. DBAPE can produce three displays:
(1) A table of up to six selected parameter values for all soils
contained in the buffer. This option allows the user to
compare the values for one or more parameters for all the
soils without sequentially viewing the full screen of
properties values for the individual soils. For the purposes
: of this table, a parameter is defined as the value of a
property for a given zone.
(2) Areally-weighted average values for
parameters.
(3) A table which reports, for a user-selected parameter, the
count and percent of soils in the buffer which fall within
pre-specified ranges.
up to six selected
4.3
-------
4.4.1 Display Summary of Selected Property Values for Soils
H
—Summarize (AS)—
Summary option
Output option
Parameters
INSTRUCT -
> $Hl|j Value
Weight
Range
> IIII1II Display
Save
> LSAND SUR > LSANO
> none none > none
.- - " .
- table of parameter values
- summary of soils in buffer
- table of parameter ranges
- results on screen
- results in file on disk
SUB > LSAND STR
none none none
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:|| Next:||
Prev:|f Limits:^ Status:|
| Xpad:|f Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.21. screen options selected to display summary table of
selected parameter values for soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Summarize option of the Analyze (A) screen. DBAPE
now displays the Summarize (AS) screen (see Figure 4.21 for an
example).
(2) In the Summarize (AS) screen specify Value by typing V in the
summary option field and Display by typing D in the output
option field.
(3) Specify from one to six property/zone pairs for display.
Valid parameter names are listed in Table 4.2. Zone should
be specified as SUR for surface, SUB for subsoil or STR
for substratum.
(4) Use the Next command to generate the value table and
display it on the screen.
RESULTS
Figure 4.22 shows an example of the format of the display table
which is produced. In this case the table shows low sand values
by zone for soils ordered by soil identification number.
44
-------
TABLE 4.2
INFORMATION
VALID PARAMETER NAMES FOR GENERATING SUMMARY
Parameter
name . Definition
DEPTH depth of soil zone (centimeters)
LSAND low value for sand (percent)
HSAND high value for sand (percent)
LCLAY low value for clay (percent) .; .
HCLAY high value for clay (percent)
LBLKD low value for bulk density(megagrams/cubic meter)
HBLKD high value for bulk density(megagrams/cubic meter)
LORMT low value for organic matter (percent)
HORMT high value for organic matter (percent)
LAVLW low value for available water (fraction)
HAVLW high value for available water (fraction)
—Value (ASV)-r — -
SOIL #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
— 1NOI IIUUI
Help:|l Next:'§
Series Name
ALAGA
ALINE
ALS
ALUF
APOPKA
AQUILLA
ARCHBOLD
ARENOSA
ARENTS
ARIZO
ARNOLD
ARRENONDO
ASSATEAGUE
ATTER
•Next1 command
! Prev:ff; Status:;
LSAND
SUR
65.
65.
90.
75.
90.
80.
97.
80.
65.
80.
65.
85.
90.
65.
LSAND
SUB
65.
none
90.
65.
60.
75.
97.
none
85.
90.
70.
55.
none
none
LSAND .
SIR
none
none
50. ;'•••-
none
none
70. '.....
none
none
none
none -
none
none :
92.
85.
"" ••*
1 •-
to go to next screen
m .Xpad^I Cmnd
Dnpg
Figure 4.22.
buffer.
Display of selected parameter values for soils in
45
-------
4.4.2 Save Summary of Selected Property Values for Soils
H
i— Summarize (AS)—
Summary option
Output option
Parameters
INSTRUCT
Use carriage r
Use 'Next'
elp:|| Next:f|
* PHH Value
Weight
" Range
> Display
Save
> LSAND SUR > LSANO
> none none > none
Enter data in highlighted
eturn or arrow keys to enter
command to go to next screer
Prev:H LiB"t8:ll Status:'!
- table of parameter values
- summary of soils in buffer
- table of parameter ranges
- results on screen
- results in file on disk
SUB > LSAND STR
none none , none
field
-------
'•' T *<• ' • ' * * ' ' ;' '"*' * , - 'X;' ""-it §"* V,"? •"'"•'".i! £ JU'aj-'- '*"{*'•< "'/ "'* i7= ft1 •-.,,'•'', "i ? '. • - 'j- ' '
(6) Use the Next command €o cause" the "named file to be created
and the parameter values saved. ...---«> .,.,.,
RESULTS
A file containing t;he sefl<|ted pat|uneter values for all, soils in
the buffer is created oh disk.
—save (ASS; 4
• , AJ > • ?- 2 •!;'<"* .'lit
Name of file in which to save suimat-y results?
%5T"' ' -- ' ^m- '" ' '',,••>«•"''*"",' ,"'"•"• "' "'"',-
i f •••-
• .'. • '•• • " .', •;•.';•• •i;-':..-. 5>v»(- «" >;> ".••• >::'-":v.iv :-/'--.r. o -
r.: ? .-.•*..' ;';-KI^«;' j .-. ..,* t; : };-.*•.•;••,. i'.'ifv;' - "; -!'•':*;»* <'';.„,
•"•*.--.• *^^nt^da&^'-hl*t*ght&%etd(«)':. ••^^•: 4 ' ' ' '" \
Use carriage return or arrow Keys to sfentef; data and move between fietdsi-
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Hetp:|! Hextipi Prevrfl Limits:|§ Status:!!; Xpad:|S Cmnd Oops
,
;V.i'.. ' ..•_•'.
Figure 4.24. Save (ASS) screen, for sawing^iselected parameter
values for soils in buffer -fco.', a '
-------
4.4.3 Display Weighted Average Values for Soils Properties
f
Surma ry option > S£lS8| Value
Weight
Range
Output option > S|s|pS§ Display
Save
Parameters > LSAND SUR > LSAND
> none none > none
TMCTRIIPT
- table of parameter values
- summary of soils in buffer
- table of parameter ranges
- results on screen
- results in file on disk
SUB > LSAND SIR
none none none
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
lelp:|?| Next;||| Prev:|| Limits:|§ Status:|
!i Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.25. Screen options selected to display weighted average
values for soils properties.
INSTRUCTIONS ' '
(1) Select the Summarize option of the Analyze (A) screen. DBAPE
now displays the Summarize (AS) screen (see Figure 4.25 for an
example).
(2) In the Summarize (AS) screen specify Weight by typing W in the
summary option field and Display by typing D in the output
option field.
(3) Specify from one to six property/zone pairs for weighting and
display. Valid parameter names are listed in Table 4.2. Zone
should be specified as SUR for surface, SUB for subsoil or
SIR for substratum. ,
(4) Use the Next command to generate the value table and
display it on the screen.
48
-------
RESULTS
Figure 4.26 shows an example of the format of the weighted results
table which is produced. In this case, the table shows weighted
low sand values by,zone.
1
LSAND LSAND LSAND
SUR SUB STR
WEIGHTED VALUES: 73.412 72.068 73.651
SAMPLE SIZE: 238 190 106
- . . •• • • -
'Next1 command to go to next screen
telp:'!! Next:|2 Prev:|| Status:|| Xpad:|f Cmnd Uppg Intrpt
Figure 4.26. Display of weighted average values and sample size
for selected parameters based on soils in buffer.
Since the individual soils in the data base may contain data on
one, two, or three zones, the Weight (ASW) screen also reports the
sample size on which the weighted average values are based. In the
example shown Figure 4.26 the weighted low values for sand for the
surface, subsoil and substratum zones were computed using values
for 238, 190 and 106 soils, respectively. Great care must be
exercised when interpreting ;weighted output due to the fact that
the depthes of soil zones vary and all zones may not be defined for
the soils to be weighted.
49
-------
4.4.4 Save Weighted Average Values for.Soils Properties
•••! * i1 '„•*>.'. ;--'^ viSJ ;-fi';\A. / •'.-r;. ...:.'..;'.'.. „',' .j.ii/.'. • ,,
^
i — Surranarize CAS) —
Summary option
Output option
, Parameters .„,
r INSTRUCT
Weight
Range
'' j. > |||||fllt< ' ^Display'" ,1
""""^""iv.vi.Sav^;-, '^
, >=I,SAND,,_,SUR,,,..,U.3U.SAND,.
> none none > none
- table of parameter values
- summary of soils in buffer
- table of parameter ranges
- .results on screen" ' • :
-f results in, file ;oij disk
,.SUB > LSAND ,,STR .
none none none
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:|fji Next:fr|
Prev:||: Limits:|| Status:!
\ Xpad:f$! Cmnd Oops
......
Figure 4.27. Screen options selected to save weighted average
values for soils properties.^ .','"..',."..,'...,„'.'.'.., , ,!"".'.' ...'.' '.
INSTRUCTIONS p-— - --•
(1) Select the Summarize,,option,,of :the,Analyze (A) screen. DBAPE
now displays the Summarize (AS) screen (see Figure 4.27 for
an example).. ;.— ;•.- ""••' ...^L, x$>r.\ ni -;&•;>&> ex&.-;. ,. ..«*• j / ••
(2) In the Summarize (AS) screen, specify Weight by typing W in
the summary option field and Save by typing S in the output
option field.
(3) Specify from one to six property/zone pairs to be weighted
and saved. Valid parameter names are listed in Table 4.2.
Zone should be specified as SUR for surface, SUB for subsoil
or STR for substratum.
(4) Use the Next command to go to the next screen after data have
been entered. The next screen displayed will be a Save
(ASS) screen (see Figure 4.28 for an example).
(5) In the highlighted field of the Save (ASS) screen, type the
name of the file in which you wish to save the parameter
values.
50
-------
(6) Use the Next command to cause the named file to be created
and the weighted parameter values saved.
[RESULTS : ; ' •'';;;"; '•- ;';" ' • !
|A file containing the selected weighted parameter values for all
soils in the buffer is created on disk.
r-Save (ASS) •
Name of file in which to save summary results?
-I NSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|| Next:|g P rev: If Limits:!^ Status :|:| Xpad:j^ Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.28. Save (ASS) screen used for saving weighted average
property values for soils in buffer to a file.
51
-------
4.4.5 Display Table of Property Value Ranges
K
s • e. ' '
Summary option > UPSfl Value
Weight
• • Range ••"•
Output option > JUJi^il Display
Save ,
Parameters > LSAND SUR > LSAND
> none none > none
INSTRUCT
- table of parameter values
- summary of soils in buffer
- table of parameter ranges
- results on screen
- results in file on disk
SUB > LSAND STR
none none none
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:||j Hext:|| Prev:|jf Limits:!! Status:|
1 Xpad:|| Crnnd Oops
'-' •'•
'"- •
Figure 4.29. Screen options selected to display ranges for soil
property values.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Summarize option of the Analyze (A) screen. DBAPE
now displays the Summarize (AS) screen (see Figure 4.29 for
an example).
(2) In the Summarize (AS) screen specify Range by typing R in the
summary option field and Display by typing D in the output
option field.,
(3) Specify from one to six property/zone pairs for which to
generate a table containing the count and percent of soils in
.the buffer which fall within pre-specified ranges. ,, Valid
parameter names are listed in Table 4.2. Zone should be
specified as SUR for surface, SUB for subsoil or STR for
substratum.
(4) Use the Next command to proceed to the Range (ASR) screen.
52
-------
(5) Edit the Range (ASR) screen (Figure 4.30) by entering .the
starting value for the pre-specified ranges and the increment
for each range. There will always be ten ranges of value's
for each table generated. ,
1
Property Zone
LSAND SUR
LSAND SUB
LSAND ' STR
Enter
Use carriage return or
Use 'Next1 command
telprHf Next:!! Prev:"tl
Start Increment
0. 10.
0. 10. '
0. 10.
•. • • • - ' i
data in highlighted field(s).
arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
to, go to next screen when done entering data.
Limits:^! Status:|if Xpad:f|i Cmnd Oops Window
{
'
: :. • , . .,,.,,.,
Figure 4.30. Display of range information for selected parameter
values of soils .in buffer. , .--.-.,.
RESULTS
(-. •. • • ' •••'• ' . - -' -•-....,•• ;''.::-..• ' . ,
Figure 4.31 shows an example of the format of the range table which
is produced. This example was generated from the instructions
contained in Figures 4.29 and 4.30. First, the parameter zone
pairs of interest were specified using the Summarize (AS) screen.
Low sand values for all three soil zones were selected for
analysis. Next, the starting values and increments for the range
analysis were specified using t;he Range (ASR) screen. The
parameters shown in Figure 4.30 specify that three tables are to
be produced (one for low sand values for each zone), each with a
strting value of 0.0 and range increments of 10.0. The table in
figure 4.31 shows low values for sand in the surface zone for soils
contained in the buffer. The first range (in this example, from
undefined to 0.00) is for soils with either missing values or
values less than the upper boundary of the range.
53
-------
r- Ranae CASR1
for property LSAND zone SUR
from
undefined
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
— IHSTRUCT
•Next'
Help:|-| Next:|2 Prev:|§
to
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
1.0E30
command to
Status :;i|
count
4
1
0
0
2
2
11
66
71
53
30
0
go to next screen
Xpadrp Cmnd
percent
2.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
5.
27.
30.
22.
12.
0.
Figure 4.31. Histogram display of selected parameter values of
soils in buffer.
54
-------
4.4.6 Save Table of Property Value Ranges
\
Summary option > fiSSSll Value
Weight
Range
Output option > SAVE Display
Save
Parameters > LSAND SUR > LSAND
> none none > none
INSTRUCT
- table of parameter values
- summary of soils in buffer
- table of parameter ranges
- results on screen
- results in file on disk
SUB > LSAND STR
none none none
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next' command to go to next screen when done entering data.
lelp:|| Next:!! Prev:fi Limits:!!' Status:!
| Xpad:|§ Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.32. Screen options selected to save ranges for soils
property values.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Summarize option of the Analyze (A) screen. DBAPE
now displays the Summarize (AS) screen (see Figure 4.23 for
an example.
(2) In the Summarize (AS) screen, specify Range by typing R in
the summary option field and Save by typing S in the output
option field.
(3) Specify from one to six property/zone pairs for which to
generate a table containing the count and percent of soils
in the buffer which fall within pre-specified ranges. Valid
parameter names are listed in Table 4.2. Zone should be
specified as SUR for surface, SUB for subsoil or STR for
substratum.
(4) Use the Next command to go to the next screen after data are
entered. The next screen displayed will be a Save (ASS)
screen (see Figure 4.32 for an example).
55
-------
(5) In the highlighted field of the Save (ASS) screen, type the
name of the file in which you wish to save the parameter
range tables. , . . ......
(6) Use the Next command to cause the named file to be created
and the parameter range tables to be saved.
RESULTS
A file containing the selected parameter range tables for all soils
in the buffer is created on disk.
Name of file in which to save summary results?
igjKy^^SZZS^Cl V'^_
JRSvm V......S..^..A .w ™ •• f
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:l| Nextrff Prevrff Limits:|| Status:|f Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops .
Figure 4.33. Save (ASS) screen used to save range values for
properties of soils in buffer to a file.
56
-------
4.5 VIEW SEARCH RESULTS
t
Select 'an
Define
Find
Order
Summarize
Buffer
Return
INSTRUCT
Analyze option. ..-;...
- search criteria
- execute specified search
- sort buffer on selected property
- soils in buffer
- J&lfvidaat *of I ph^rtfas
- advanced buffer. maintenance ;
- back to Opening screen ; ' ,. , • :
- - -••<•• •"•
- - t .-.,":
Select an option using arrow keys • ;
Then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:|l Next:f|| Status:§
\ Xpad:|| Cmnd
' •
Figure 4.34. selection of the View option on the Analyze (A)
screen. '
Use the View option of the Analyze (A) screen to display detailed
information about the soils in the buffer after a search has been
completed. This capability allows you to display ,or save all of
the soil property values for the soils in the .buffer. It also
allows you to display maps showing the locations of the soils in
the buffer and the first order meteorologic stations in the
geographic area of interest.
When the View option is selected on the Analyze (A) screen,;DBAPE
displays the View (AV) screen (see Figure 4.34 if or an example1) .
Soils can then be (1) Displayed, (2) Saved or (3) Mapped. The Map
option the View (AV) screen has options to display only soil
locations or both soil locations and first order stations.
Sections 4.5.1 through 4.5.4 give instructions for each of the
options.
57
-------
4.5.1 Display Properties Details for Individual Soils
I
Miru fAVl
Select soil search results View option.
Save - details of search results
Hap - showing location of selected soils
Return - to Analyze screen
—TU1TRMPT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
!elp:|i! Next:||: Status :|;| Xpad:|| Ctnnd
Figure 4.35. Selection of the Display option on the View (AV)
screen.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the View option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Display option of the View (AV) screen (see Figure
4.35).
RESULTS
The Display (AVD) screen (see Figure 4.36) shows all of the
property values for individual soils in the buffer. The screen
provides the following information:
(1) soil series name
(2) soil number (first two characters indicate soils data base:
ML, PI, P4, PO; remaining characters indicate soil
identification number)
58
-------
f
Display (AVD)
SOIL SERIES (NAME)> ALAGA SOIL NUMBER (NUMERIC CODE)> ML 1
DEPTH(CM) CLASS % SAND % CLAY BULK DENS. ORG. MAT. AVAIL H20 HGRP
LH LH LH LH LH
SUR 15.2 4 65 90 2 10 1.30 1.70 0.5 1.0 0.05 0.09 A
SUB 254.0 4 65 90 2 10 1.301.70 ' O.'l 0.3 0.050.09
POTENTIAL CROPS . ; : '
1 CORN 5 PEANUTS 3 GRASS/PAS/HAY ;
INSTRUCT
| Next ' . command to go to next screen
)etp:i|! Next:!! Prevrjif • Intrpt:|! Status:^ Xpad;|f Cmnd
Figure 4,36, Screen displaying properties for.individual soils.
(3)
zone-specific characteristics for up to three soil layers
(SUR:surface/ SUBisubsoil, STR:substratum); data include:
*
*
*
(4)
(5)
zone thickness (centimeters) ";>••' ••-' - •'-"''•
textural classification (see-Table B.i'j :: ' • ;
particle textrue (low and high values: for 'percent
sand and clay)
* bulk density (low and high values (megagrams per
cubic meter))
* organic matter (low and high percent values) "'-
* available water (low and high values for cubic
meters water per cubic meter soil volume)
SCS hydrologic soil group classification (A/'B, C, or D)
crop potential
If a geographic specification was made for the search, the number
of acres found and the geographic area specified also will be
displayed. The user may move forward or backward through the
59
-------
buffer, viewing individual soil properties, by using the Next or
Prev commands, respectively. The Zntrpt command is used to end the
display of soil properties.
4.5.2 Save Properties Details for Individual Soils
J
Viru (IM)
Select soil search results View option.
Display - details of search results
Map - showing location of selected soils
Return - to Analyze screen
TMiTRiirr
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or . ,
- Type the first letter of an option. ' "'
lelprfj Hext:|2 Status:|| Xpad:|g Cmnd
Figure 4.37.
screen.
Selection of the Save option on the View (AV)
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the View option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Save option of the View (AV) screen (see Figure
4.37). DBAPE now displays the Save (AVS) screen (see Figure
4.38).
(3) In the highlighted field of the Save (AVS) screen, enter the
name of the file in which you wish to save the individual
soils property values.
RESULTS
A file containing the soil property values for each soil in the
buffer is created on disk.
60
-------
f
i Save (AVS)
Name of file in which to save soil search results display?
--«vsry;- , , ,', .,, *,
-------
4.5.3 Produce Map Showing Location of Soils in Buffer
f
Select soil search results View option.
Display - details of search results
Save - details of search results
Return - to Analyze screen
iiioTpnrT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:=H Next:|H Status:^ Xpad:'fg Cmnd
Figure 4.39,
screen.
Selection of the Save option on the View (AV)
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the View option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Map option of the View (AV) screen (see Figure
4.39). DBAPE now displays the Map (AVM) screen (see Figure
4.40).
(3) In the Map (AVM) screen, specify the graphic device on which
the map is to be displayed by selecting an option for the
first data field. The options are Display, PRint, and PLot
and they direct the map to be output to the screen, printer,
or plotter, respectively.
(4) Enter N in the second data field of the Map (AVM) screen to
display only the locations of the soils. Use the Next
command to continue.
(5) If the map is being output to the screen or plotter, DBAPE
now displays the Display (AVMD) screen for setting colors
62
-------
for the map. After modifying as desired, use the Next
command.
RESULTS
A map displaying the locations .(by county) of the soils in the
buffer is generated (see Figure 4.41).
\
—Mnrt f AVM^
Map output device > &S&UH
Show me teoro logic locations > NO
.TMOTpllpT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next' command to go to next screen when done entering data.
telp:ll Next:|| Prev:l| Limits:|S Status:!! Qm"et:H xPac':II CnrK' °°PS
Figure 4.40. Hap (AVM) screen options selected to produce map
showing location of soils in the buffer.
63
-------
Figure 4.41. Map showing location of soils in buffer.
64
-------
4.5.4 Display and Identify NOAA First Order Stations
\
V/iou ( Wl
' Select soil search results View option.
Display - details of search results
< Save. — details of search results
«&$ *'\;"~~$!&rttt$ Cosat|«n <&%$&&•&) solis J,;
Return - to Analyze screen
V
..I MCTR(lf*T
, ' Select, an option using arrow keys,
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or:-:--'
- : Type the first letter of an option. - ,
telp:|| Next:f| Xpad:f| Cmnd -
' '- • •"' '^'\ '- "" '-.'•-. :' , -••-••• •''•
-'-
Figure 4.42. Selection of the Map option on thevview (AV) screen.
INSTRUCTIONS :, ^
(1) Select the View option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Map'option of the View (AV) screen (see Figure
4.42). DBAPE now displays the Map (AVM) screen (see Figure
4.43) .
(3) In the Map (AVM) screen, specify the graphic device on which
the map is to be displayed by selecting an option for the
first data field. The options are Display, PRint, and PLot
and they direct the map to be output to the screen, printer,
or plotter, respectively. Toidentify first order stations
on the map, you must use the Display option.
(4) Enter Y in the second data field of the Map (AVM) screen to
display the locations of the first order stations. Use the
Next command to continue.
(5) If the map is being output to the screen or plotter, DBAPE
now displays the Display (AVMD) screen for setting colors
for the map. After 'modifying as desired, use the Next
command.
65
-------
(6) A map showing the locations of both the soils in the buffer
and the first order stations is now displayed (see Figure
4.44). If the Display option was selected for the first data
field in the Map (AVM) screen, the user may now identify
first order stations. Use the arrow keys or a mouse to move
the cursor to the location of interest and then type I to
identify the nearest first order station.
RESULTS
A map displaying both the locations of the soils in the buffer and
the first order stations is generated. If the user identifies
first order stations, the names of the stations identified are
output to the users printer.
h
— Hnn f AVHV
Hap output device > ^|>]||$$i
Show meteorotogic locations > YES
I HSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elprfff Hext:|| Prev:|f Limits:|f Status:|| Quiet:|| Xpadrlf Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.43. Map (AVM) screen options selected to produce map
showing location of soils in buffer and first order stations.
66
-------
Figure 4.44. Map showing location of soils in buffer and first
order stations.
67
-------
4.6 MANIPULATE BUFFER CONTENTS
K
[—Analyze (A) — - —
Select an
Define
Find
Order
Summarize
View
Return
—INSTRUCT
Analyze option.
- search criteria
- execute specified search
- sort buffer on selected property
- soils in buffer
- individual soil properties
- back to Opening screen
Select an option using arrow keys
Then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elprJH Hext:|| Status:^
! Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 4.45. Selection of the Buffer option on the Analysis (A)
screen.
Use the Buffer option of the Analyze (A) screen (see Figure 4.45,
for example) to perform tasks related specifically to the soil
numbers buffer. These tasks include the following:
(1) Adding a soil number to the buffer.
(2) Deleting a soil number from the buffer.
(3) Listing the soils currently in the buffer.
(4) Clearing all soil numbers in the buffer.
(5) Saving the soil numbers in the buffer to a specified file on
disk.
(6) Retrieving soil numbers from an existing file on disk.
68
-------
4.6.1 Add a Soil to the Buffer
-Buffer (AB)
Select
**& ,
Delete
List
Clear
Save
Get
Return
a Buffer management option.
'* a salt to t&6 exiStfrti-'lsuff*r
- a'soH from the existing buffer
- soils currently in buffer
- the existing buffer
- the buffer on a file
- an old buffer from a file
- back to Analyze
.— INSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next:f| Status:|
| Quiet:fl Xpad:jH Cmnd
Figure 4.46
screen.
Selection of the Add option on the Buffer (AB)
INSTRUCTIONS . .
(1) Select the Buffer option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Add option of the Buffer (AB) screen (see Figure
4.46). DBAPE now displays the Add (ABA) screen (see Figure
4.47). ,
(3) In the highlighted field of the Add (ABA) screen enter, the
soil number which you want to add to the buffer.
RESULTS
The soil number which was entered in the data field of the Add
(ABA) screen will now be included in the soils buffer. If the soil
number entered was already present in the buffer, the soil number
will not be added to the buffer and a message will be displayed to
let the user know this is the case.
69
-------
i— Artd (ABA)
Enter the soil number to add to the buffer >-,x, ,3
STATUS
Type: HL.P1.P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:NY Co:All
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Hetp:ff Next:f! Prev:|
% Limits:!! Status:!! Quiet:|| Xpad:f$ Cmnd Oops
Figure 4.47. Specification of a soil number to be added to the
buffer by using the Add (AB) screen.
70
-------
4.6.2 Delete a Soil from the Buffer
— Buffer (AB)
Select
Add
List
Clear
Save
Get
Return
a Buffer management option.
- a soil to the existing buffer
- soils currently%in buffer
- the existing buffer
- the buffer on a file
- an old buffer from a file
- back to Analyze
'
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type
Help:|| Next:'!! Status:|f
the first letter of an option.
\ Quiet:f$ Xpad:|$ Cmnd
Figure 4.48.
screen.
Selection of the Delete option on the Buffer (AB)
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Buffer option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Delete option of the Buffer (AB) screen (see
Figure 4.48). DBAPE now displays the Delete (ABD) screen
(see Figure 4.49).
(3) In the first highlighted field of the Delete (ABD) screen,
enter the soil number which you want to remove from the
buffer. You also may specify whether to delete all of the
soils in the buffer following the soil number entered in the
first data field. This is done by entering Y or N in the
second data field.
71
-------
RESULTS
The soil number which was entered in the first data field of the
Delete (ABD) screen will now be removed from the soils buffer, if
the soil number entered was not present in the buffer, the soil
number can not be deleted from the buffer and a message will be
displayed to let the user know this is the case. If the user
entered Y in the second data field, all of the soils in the buffer
following the soil number entered in the first data field will be
removed from the buffer.
h
r^Jelete (ABD)
Enter the soil number to remove from the buffer > ' 0
Delete all soils following the above soil > NO
r STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Mode: Geo. only Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:f| Next:H' Prev:|| Limits:^ Status:^ Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
-
Figure 4.49. Specification of a soil number to be deleted from
the buffer by using the Delete (ABD) screen.
72
-------
4.6.3 List Soils Numbers for Soils in Buffer
Select
Add
Delete
£?*%,,
Clear
Save
Get
Return
1 ' : ~ .. • ' .
a Buffer management option. . .
- a soil to the existing buffer
- a soil from the existing buffer . ....
- .$<#£$ cerrwitj&y'j $R fcuf fw
-The existing buffer
- the buffer on a file
- an old buffer from a file
- back to Analyze
i— INSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:H Next: If Status :f
1
f Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Grand
Figure 4.50. Selection of the List option on the Buffer (AB)
screen.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Buffer option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the List option of the Buffer (AB) screen (see Figure
4.50).
73
-------
RESULTS
The List (ABL) screen will display the soil numbers currently in
the buffer (see Figure 4.51). If there are more soils in the
buffer than can be displayed in the data window, the user may paae
up and down to view additional soil numbers.
•-List rAsn
(
The soils buffer currently contains the following soil numbers:
pST^I "5^-
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 1 soils
-INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:NY Co:All
•Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
'Next' command to go to next screen
Help:|| Next:p; Prev:£
1 Status:.!! Quiet:!! Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 4.51. Listing of the soil numbers in the buffer by using
the List (ABL) screen.
74
-------
4.6.4 Clear the Buffer
Select
Add
Delete
List
Save
Get
Return
a Buffer management option. .
- a soil to the existing buffer
- a soil from the existing buffer
- soils currently in buffer
- the buffer on a file
- an old buffer from a file
- back to Analyze
—INSTRUCT -. :
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:!! Next:f! Status:^
1 Quiet:|! Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 4.52. Selection of the Clear option on the Buffer (AB)
screen.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Buffer option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Clear option of the Buffer (AB) screen (see Figure
4.52). DBAPE now displays the Clear (ABC) screen (see Figure
4.53).
(3) Select the Yes option of the Clear (ABC) screen.
RESULTS
All of the soil numbers in the buffer will be removed.
75
-------
i— Clear (ABC)'
Are you sure you want to clear the buffer?
$3?^~ ft<$s(t thfcJfciMfNr
No - don't touch' niy buffer
i-STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
pIHSTRlir.T
Geographic: None
Properties: All
Select an option using arrow keys '
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Hext:£f Prev:i
(|l Status:!^ Quiet:I.I Xpad1!! Cmnd
Figure 4.53. Selection of the Yes option on the Clear (ABC)
screen to empty the buffer.
76
-------
4.6.5 Save Buffer Soils Numbers in a File
Select
Add
Delete
List
Clear
Get""*
Return
a Buffer management option.
- a soil to the existing buffer
- a soil from the existing buffer
- soils currently in buffer
- the existing buffer , . . . .
:S£ffi5s$?^S&Ss8w»sfe?:SSS
- an old buffer from a file
- back to Analyze .
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the fZ key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:!! Next;!! Status;!
! Quiet:|| Xpad:|$! Cmnd , .
Figure 4.54,
screen.
Selection of the Save option on the Buffer (AB)
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Buffer option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Save option of the Buffer (AB) screen (see Figure
4.54). DBAPE now displays the Save (ABS) screen (see Figure
4.55).
(3) In the highlighted field of the Save (ABS) screen, type the
name of the file in which you wish to save the soil numbers
in the buffer.
RESULTS
A file containing the soil numbers in the buffer is created on
disk.
77
-------
I
Save (ABS)
Name of file in which to save buffer?
STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Mode: Geo. only Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Search: Complete , "
Buffer: 48 soils
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
lelp:^ Next:f|? Prev:|H Limits:§| Status:|§ Quiet :|8 Xpad:|i "Cnrid Oops
Figure 4.55. Save (ABS) screen for saving the soil numbers in
the buffer to a file.
78
-------
4.6.6 Retrieve Soils Numbers File
1
Select
Add
Delete
List
Clear
Save
Return
a Buffer management option.
- a soil to the existing buffer
- a soil from the existing buffer
- soils currently in buffer
- the existing buffer
- the buffer on a file
- back to Analyze " " , ,
-..-..
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option. ' '
telp:|| Next:|| Status:|
[ Quiet:i6 X pad: If Cmnd
Figure 4.56.
screen.
Selection of the Get option on the Buffer (AB)
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Buffer option of the Analyze (A) screen.
(2) Select the Get option of the Buffer (AB) screen (see Figure
4.56). DBAPE now displays the Get
-------
i—Get (ABC)
Name of file from which to get buffer?
[— STATUS
Type: HL.P1,P4 soil
Mode: Geo. only
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|f Next:|f! Prev::
|' Limits:.!!; status:H Qui"et=-P ^P^-M Cmr** Oops
Figure 4.57. Get (ABG) screen for retrieving soil numbers in a
buffer from a file.
80
-------
SECTION 5
ESTIMATE
USE THIS SECTION FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO PERFORM TASKS RELATED
TO PARAMETER OR TIMESERIES ESTIMATION.
DBAPE can,estimate: ,
(1) values for selected parameters of the PRZM component of the
RUSTIC model (see Section 5.1)
(2) values for selected parameters of the VADOFT component of the
RUSTIC model (see Section 5.2)
(3) functional relationships for pressure head versus water
content and water content versus relative permeability based
on the estimated values " of VADOFT parameters (see Section
5.3)
All parameter value estimates made by DBAPE use data from the
geographic and soils properties data bases; estimates are performed
only for soils contained in the search buffer at the conclusion of
ANALYZE activities. When you have specified the subset of soils
for which you wish to develop parameter estimates by using the
ANALYZE capabilities, and have completed all the support activities
which you desire (e.g., displaying, sorting, saving files) return
to opening screen (Figure 3.3) of DBAPE and select the Estimate
option. All instructions for parameter estimation (Sections 5,1 -
5.3) begin at the Estimate (E) screen (Figure 5.1). ,
81
-------
5.1 ESTIMATE VALUES FOR PRZM MODEL PARAMETERS
h
r-Estimate (E)
Select an Estimate option.
£ls-m ^ ^"^fltt^ftft^SSJ model psfcaroet&rs
Vadoft - estimate VADOFT model parameters
Functions - develop functional relationships for soil-water characteristics
Return - to opening screen
INSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:|| Next:'|| Status:|| Xpad:jf| Cmnd
Figure 5.1. Selection of Przm option on the Estimate (E) screen.
Use the Przm option of the Estimate (E) screen to estimate midpoint
and range values for (1) wilting point, (2) field capacity as a
function of wilting point and available water, (3) field capacity
at -0.10 matric potential and (4) field capacity at -0.33 matric
potential. DBAPE can compute parameter value estimates either for
(1) each zone (surface, subsoil, substratum) of each soil for which
data are available in the search buffer or (2) an areally-weighted
average for each zone based on the relative acreages of the soils
contained in the buffer. The estimates which are computed can
either be displayed on the screen or saved to a file on disk.
82
-------
5.1.1 Display PRZM Estimates for Individual Soils
^
i Prim (EP)
Estimate option > IN&J&IBti&jL Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils, in buffer
Output option > WSPtAV ' Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:.|| Next:||j Prev:|l Limits:!$> Status:|f Xpad:|^ Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.2. Screen options selected to display Przm estimates
for individual soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Przm option on the Estimate (E) screen (see Figure
5.2).
(2) Specify Individual by typing I in the estimate option field
and Display by typing D in the output option field in the
Przm (EP) screen.
(3) Use the Next command to initiate the display of estimates.
RESULTS
For each soil contained in the search buffer, a display table
containing midpoint and range estimates for PRZM model parameters
will be generated for each of the three soil zones for which data
are available. The display table for the top zone of the first
soil in the buffer will be displayed automatically. Others may be
displayed in sequence by using the Next command.
83
-------
Figure 5.3 is an example of the display screens which are produced.
The screen provides the following information:
(1) soil series name
(2) soil buffer sequence number and number of soils in buffer
(e.g., "1 of 3")
(3) soil zone for which parameter estimates are displayed (SUR,
SUB or STR)
(4) depth of zone
(5) midpoint and range estimates for the following:
* percent organic matter
* wilting point
* field capacity (results of three different estimation
techniques are reported - see Appendix D for details)
I
~Di~ploy (EFD)
Soil > ALAGA ( 1 of 3 ) Layer > SUR Depth 15.3
Organic Wilting Field Capacity
Hatter Point wlpt&aw -.10 bar -.33 bar *
(percent)
Midpoint Estimate 0.75 0.06927 0.13927 0.17739 0.15128
Estimated Range 0.5 0.03777 0.08777 0.10996 0.08859
1. 0.10077 0.19077 0.24482 0.21396
Note: use Intrpt command to quit display and return to Przm screen.
.TMTTPIlrT
Use
lelp:E| Hext:|| Prev
View data in highlighted field.
'Help' command to see field def inition(s).
:|| Limits:^ !ntrpt:||j Status :|| Xpad:fj| Cmnd
Figure 5.3. Display screen for individual soils for the Przm
option of Estimate.
84
-------
5.1.2 Save PRZM Estimates for Individual Soils
\
Estimate option > JJ)t>lVJDW*t Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > SfttfE ' Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
I U4TPI tf*T
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
)elp:|I Next:|i Prev:|i Limits:|S Status :|i Xpad:|$ Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.4. Screen options selected to save PRZM estimates for
individual soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Przm option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify Individual by typing I in the estimate option field
and Save by typing 8 in the output option field in the Przm
(EP) screen (see Figure 5.4 for example).
(3) Use the Next command to go to the next screen after data are
entered. The next screen displayed will be a Save (EPS)
screen (see Figure 5.5 for example).
4
(4) In the highlighted field of the Save (EPS) screen, type the
name of the file in which you wish to save the estimates.
(5) Use the Next command to cause the named file to be created
. and the estimates saved.
RESULTS
A file containing the PRZM parameter estimates for all soils in the
search buffer is created on disk.
85
-------
r-Save -
Mame^of file. invwhich to save PRZM parameter estimation res
results?
r-INSTRUCT-
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next' command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|
Next:*
Prev:§| Limits:|S Status:|§ Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.5. Save screen for the Przm option of Estimate.
86
-------
5.1.3 Display PRZM Estimates for Weighted Soils
1
Prrm fPP^
Estimate option > W|||l§if|S||; Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
TUCTPIIrT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
telp:|H Next:i| Prev:ff Limits:'!! Status:|jf Xpad:f$ Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.6. Screen options selected to display PRZM estimates
for weighted soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Przm option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify Weighted by typing W in the estimate option field and
Display by typing D in the output option field in the Przm
(EP) screen (see Figure 5.6 for example).
(3) Use the Next command to initiate the display of estimates.
RESULTS
Figure 5.7 is an example of the display screen which is produced
for weighted estimates for PRZM model parameters.
87
-------
The screen provides the following information:
(1) number of soils used to develop weighted parameter estimates
(2) zone-specific (SUR:surface, SUB:subsoil, STR:substratum)
weighted estimates for the following:
* percent organic matter
* wilting point
* field capacity (results of three different estimation
techniques are reported - see Appendix D for details)
(3) number of soils used to develop weighted parameter Estimated
for each zone
Great care must be exercised when interpreting weighted output due
to the fact that the depths of soil zones vary and all zones may
not be defined for the soils to be weighted.
K
Weight (EPW)
Weighted Estimates from
Number
of soils
Zone averaged
SUR 7
SUB 5
STR 1
INSTRUCT
elp:U Next:H
Organic
Hatter
(percent)
0.26
0.24
0.15
7 soil(s)
Wilting Field Capacity
Point wlpt&aw -.10 bar -.33 bar
0.0249 0.0949 0.0975 0.07488
0.0369 0.1069 0.1115 0.08913
0.16153 0.31153 0.28138 0.25677
View data in highlighted field.
Use 'Help1 command to see field definition(s).
Limits:j|§ Status:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 5.7. Display screen for weighted soils for the Przm
option of Estimate.
88
-------
5.1.4 Save PRZM Estimates for Weighted Soils
1
Estimate option > WEfcfiSTE)!) Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > Ijj^VE ' % Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
_..T|JCT|?lirT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
-------
5.2 ESTIMATE VALUES FOR VADOFT MODEL PARAMETERS
t
Which Estimate option?
Functions - develop functional relationships for soil-water characteristics
Return - to opening screen
_ TU'STPIlrT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
!elp:|;| Next: ||; Status :££ Xpad:f$ Cmnd
Figure 5.9. Selection of the Vadoft option on the Estimate (E)
screen.
Use the Vadoft option of the Estimate (E) screen (see Figure 5.9
for example) to estimate midpoint and range values for (1) residual
water content, (2) saturated hydraulic conductivity as computed by
Rawls and Brakensiek's regression equations, (3) saturated
hydraulic conductivity as computed by Childs and Collis-George's
series-parallel model, and (4) the parameters (alpha, beta, gamma)
used for the van Genuchten formulation of the soil-water
characteristic curve. DBAPE can compute parameter value estimates
either for (1) each zone (surface, subsoil, substratum) of each
soil for which data are available in the search buffer or (2) an
areally-weighted average for each zone based on the relative
acreages of the soils contained in the buffer. The estimates which
are computed can either be displayed on the screen or saved to a
file on disk.
90
-------
5.2.1 Display VADOFT Estimates for Individual Soils
^
Estimate option > lli§|il!ilff Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > 6I§PtJ^ ^ Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
IUOTPIIPT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move, between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
(elprfl Next:||j Prevrff Limits:!^' Status :|1 Xpad:f$ Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.10. Screen options selected to display VADOFT estimates
for individual soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Vadoft option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify Individual by typing I in the estimate option field
and Display by typing D in the output option field in the
Vadoft (EV) screen (see Figure 5.10 for example).
(3) Use the Next command to initiate the display of estimates.
RESULTS
For each soil contained in the search buffer, a display table
containing midpoint and range estimates for VADOFT model parameters
will be generated for each of the three soil zones for which data
are available. The display table for the top zone of the first
soil in the buffer will be displayed automatically. Others may be
displayed in sequence by using the Next command.
91
-------
Figure 5.11 is an example of the display screens which are
produced. The screen provides the following information:
(1) soil series name
(2) soil buffer sequence number and number of soils in buffer
(e.g., "1 of 30")
(3) soil zone for which parameter estimates are displayed (SUR,
SUB, STR)
(4) depth of zone
(5) midpoint and range estimates for the following:
* residual water content
* saturated hydraulic conductivity (results of two
different estimation techniques are reported - see
Appendix D for details)
* parameters of the van Genuchten formulation of the soil-
water characteristic curve (alpha, beta, gamma) (see
Appendix D for details)
K
Di- la- EVD
Soil > ALAGA ( 1 of 30) Zone > SUR Depth > 15.2
Residual Saturated Hydraulic van Genuchten
Water Conduct ivity( cm/day) alpha beta gamma
Content Rawls Collis
Midpoint Estimate 0.0519 260. 1000. 0.116 1.44 0.305
Estimated Range 0.0345 32. 260. 0.0561 1.43 0.301
0.0654 970. 1600. 0.15 1.46 0.317
Note: use Intrpt command to quit display and return to Vadoft screen.
INSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:||j Next:|| Prev:|| Limits:^ Intrpt:|| Status:!! Xpad:||: Cmnd
Figure 5.11. Display screen for individual soils for the Vadoft
option of Estimate.
92
-------
5.2.2 Save VADOFT Estimates for Individual Soils
1
Estimate option > iHllilili Individual -
Weighted
Output option > SAVE % ' ' Display
Save
one soil at a time
summary of soils in buffer
table on screen
table in file on disk
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
1elp:|| Next:|| Prev:|| Limits:^ Status:|
| Xpad:|9 Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.12. Screen options selected to save VADOFT estimates
for individual soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Vadoft option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify Individual by typing I in the estimate option field
and Save by typing S in the output option field in the Vadoft
(EV) screen (see Figure 5.12 for example).
(3) Use the Next command to go to the next screen after data are
entered. The next screen displayed will be a Save (EVS)
screen (see Figure 5.13 for example).
(4) In the highlighted field of the Save (EVS) screen type, the
name of the file in which you wish to save the estimates.
(5) Use the Next command to cause the named file to be created
and the estimates saved.
RESULTS
A file containing the VADOFT parameter estimates for all soils in
the search buffer is created on disk.
93
-------
f
Save (EVS)
Name of file in which to save VADOFT parameter estimation results?
;£K3gSSWS!£®S*K»">vy>--w^%v' v.vvv\i-^-iv-~.wvf vffjr--ff*-e-f-sssfff v — -
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
letp:|| Next:I| Prev:|| Limits:|| Status:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.13. Save screen for the Vadoft option of Estimate.
94
-------
5.2.3 Display VADOFT Estimates for Weighted Soils
w
1
LuV-irirt-ft- (F\t^ •- .,..."
Estimate option > UBtSSTSft , Individual - one soil at a time
, Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > 0;J$PtA¥ Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
1elp:|j| Next:f! Prev:|i Limits:|| Status:|j| Xpad:|§ Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.14. Screen options selected to display VADOFT estimates
for weighted soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Vadoft option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify Weighted by typing W in the estimate option field and
Display by typing D in the output option field in the Vadoft
(EV) screen (see Figure 5.14 for example).
(3) Use the Next command to initiate the display of estimates.
RESULTS
Figure 5.15 is an example of the display screen which is produced
for weighted estimates for VADOFT model parameters. The screen
provides the following information:
(1) number of soils used to develop weighted parameter values
95
-------
(2) zone-specific (SUR:surface, SUB:subsoil,
weighted estimates for the following:
STR:substratum)
* residual water content
* saturated hydraulic conductivity (results of two
different estimation techniques are reported - see
Appendix D for details)
* parameters of the van Genuchten formulation of the soil-
water characteristic curve (alpha, beta, gamma) (see
Appendix D for details)
(3) number of soils used to develop weighted parameter estimates
for each zone
Great care must be exercised when interpreting weighted output due
to the fact that the depths of soil zones vary and all zones may
not be defined for the soils to be weighted.
X
i— Weight (EVW)
Weighted Estimates from
Nunber
of soils
Layer averaged
SUR 3
SUB 2
STR 1
—INSTRUCT
elp:f|| Next:||S
Residual
Water
Content
0.0433
0.0479
0.106
3 soil(s)
Saturated Hydraulic
Conductivity(cm/day) van Genuchten
Rawls Col I is alpha beta gamma
380. 1600. 0.117 1.47 0.322
460. 2000. 0.131 1.47 0.318
87. 27000. 0.112 1.26 0.209
View data in highlighted field.
Use 'Help1 command to see field definition(s).
Limits:!! status:ll XP31^!! Cmnd
Figure 5.15. Display screen for weighted soils for the vadoft
option of Estimate.
96
-------
5.2.4 Save VADOFT Estimates for Weighted Soils
Estimate option > WgHpTpCf Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > SAVE w % " Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
rtelp:|f. Next:|| Prev:|| Limits:^ Status:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.16. Screen options selected to save VADOFT estimates
for weighted soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Vadoft option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify Weighted by typing W in the estimate option field and
Save by typing S in the output option field in the Vadoft
(EV) screen (see figure 5.16 for example).
(3) Use the Next command to go to the next screen after data are
entered. The next screen displayed will be a Save (EVS)
screen (see Figure 5.13 for example).
(4) In the highlighted field of the Save (EVS) screen, type the
name of the file in which you wish to save the estimates.
(5) Use the Next command to cause the named file to be created
and the estimates saved.
RESULTS
A file containing the weighted average estimates for VADOFT model
parameters is created on disk.
97
-------
5.3 DEVELOP FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR SOIL-WATER PARAMETERS
K
(— Estimate (E)
Which Estimate option?
Przm - estimate PRZH model parameters
VadoJ£K^ - estimate VADOFT model parameters
^SmSi®^^?^^^ tllatl^iishfpg far *ai l-«at^;%^ar^t
-------
5.3.1 Select Soil Moisture Computation Option
For coarse-grained soils, the saturated moisture content is equal
to the porosity for all pressure heads greater than 0.0. For fine-
grained soils, this relationship holds over a slightly larger
range, for all pressure heads greater than a small negative
pressure head known as the air entry pressure head (Freeze and
Cherry, 1979). DBAPE allows the user the option of entering a
value for air entry pressure head (AIRPSI) in the option screen for
Functions (see Figure 5-18 for example). It is a common practice
in computing soil moisture from pressure head to ignore this
phenomenon. Consequently, unless the user assigns a value to air
entry pressure head in the option screen for Functions, DBAPE sets
the value equal to zero. Consult Appendix D to see more details
on how the value of air entry pressure head affects the computation
of soil moisture.
99
-------
5.3.2 Display Functions Estimates Table for Individual Soils
—Piirv-Hru-i (PP)—
Estimate option > SSffJfflSSSfii Individual -
Weighted -
Output option > Display
Graph
Save
AIRPSI >
one soil at a time
summary of soils in buffer
table on screen
plot of function
table in file on disk
—INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next' command to go to next screen when done entering data.
HelP:H Hext:II Prev:ll Ll~mits:H Status:'!
| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.18. Screen options selected to display Functions
estimates for individual soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Functions option on the Estimate (B) screen.
(2) Specify Individual by typing I in the estimate option field
and Display by typing D in the output option field in the
Functions (EF) screen (see Figure 5.18 for example). If
desired, enter a nonzero value for AIRPSI, the air entry
pressure head, for use in computing soil water content (see
Section 5.3.1).
(3) Use the Next command to initiate the display of estimates.
100
-------
r— Display (EFD)
Soil > ALAGA
( 1
Negative pressure Water saturation
head (cm) fraction
1.00
3.16
10.00
31.60
100.00
316.00
1000.00
3160.00
10000.00
31600.00
100000.00
I — I NSTRUCT
•Next1
Next:i|f Prev:ll IntrPt:li
0.987
0.941
0.794
0.565
0.373
0.247
0.170
0.123
0.095
0.078
0.068
command to
Status:;!!
of 1 ) Zone > SUR Depth > 15.2
Relative
permeability
0.378
0.152
0.241E-01
0.135E-02
0.451E-04
0.132E-05
0.376E-07
0.107E-08
0.301E-10
0.854E-12
0.241E-13
go to next screen
Xpad:||: Cmnd
Figure 5.19. Display screen for individual soils for the
Functions option of Estimate.
RESULTS
For each soil contained in the search buffer, a display table
containing midpoint estimates for the functional relationships
between negative pressure head, water saturation fraction and
relative permeability will be generated for each of the three soil
zones for which data are available. The display table for the top
zone of the first soil in the buffer is displayed automatically.
Others may be displayed in sequence by using the Next command. The
Prev command is used to view soil properties in. reverse order. The
Intrpt command is used to end the display of soil properties.
Figure 5.19 is an example of the display screens which are
produced. The screen provides the following information:
(1) soil series name
(2) soil buffer sequence number and number of soils in buffer
(3) soil zone for which functional relationships are displayed
(SUR, SUB, or STR) andc depth of zone
(4) table defining the estimated relationships between negative
pressure head, water saturation, and relative permeability
101
-------
5.3.3 Plot Functions Estimates for Individual Soils
H
i— Function (EF)
Estimate option > $g$
Output option > ||P»
AIRPSI >
INSTRUCT
Enter
Use carriage return or
Use 'Next1 command
elp:|f Next:!| prev:H
P»il Individual -
Weighted -
C.vT"' Display
Graph
Save
one soil at a time
summary of soils in buffer
table on screen
plot of function
table in file on disk
data in highlighted field(s).
arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
to go to next screen when done entering data.
Limits:!! Status:!?
I Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.20. Screen options selected to plot Functions estimates
for individual soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Functions option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify Individual by typing I in the estimate option field
and Graph by typing 6 in the output option field in the
Functions (EF) screen (see Figure 5.20 for example). If
desired, enter a nonzero value for AIRPSI, the air entry
pressure head, for use in computing soil water content (see
Section 5.3.1) .
(3) Use the Next command to move to the Graph (EFG) screen (see
Figure 5.21 for example).
(4) Specify the desired plotting device by typing either a D for
display or a P for printer in the "plotting device" field of
the Graph (EFG) screen. In the "draw" field of the same
screen, specify which relationships are to be plotted
(pressure head versus water content, water content versus
relative permeability or both) by typing a Y for yes or a N
for no in the appropriate fields. In the "Y-axis" and "X-
axis" fields, specify the type of scales to be used on the
102
-------
plots by typing A for arithmetic or L for logarithmic in the
appropriate fields.
(5) Use the Next command
specified Information.
RESULTS
to initiate the plotting of the
For each soil contained in the search buffer, a plot containing
lines for midpoint and range estimates for each functional
relationship specified on the Graph
-------
0.1
10
102 103
NEGATIVE PRESSURE HEAD (cm)
ALAGA - SURFACE
10B
Figure 5.22. Example of pressure head vs water content results
from using the Graph option of the Functions screen.
104
-------
10
WATER SATURATION (fraction)
AlAGA - SURFACE
Figure 5.23. Example of water content vs relative permeability
results from using the Graph option of the Functions screen.
105
-------
5.3.4 Save Functions Estimates for Individual Soils
F
I — Function (EF)
Estimate option > |lf||fliii| Individual -
Weighted -
Output option > Display
Graph
Save
AIRPSI >
r—IMSTRUCT
one soil at a time
summary of soils in buffer
table on screen
plot of function
table in file on disk
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:f|j Next:f! Prev:|f Limits:^ Status:|
f Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.24. Screen options selected to save Functions estimates
for individual soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Functions option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify individual by typing I in the estimate option field
and Save by typing 8 in the output option field in the
Functions (EF) screen (see Figure 5.24 for example).
(3) Use the Next command to go to the next screen after data are
entered. The next screen displayed will be a Save (EFS)
screen (see Figure 5.25 for .example).
(4) In the highlighted field of the Save (EFS) screen type, the
name of the file in which you wish to save the estimates.
(5) Use the Next command to cause the named file to be created
and the estimates saved.
RESULTS
A file containing the Functions estimates for all soils in the
search buffer is created on disk.
106
-------
1
Name of file in which to save Functions results?
*
-------
5.3.5 Display Functions Estimates Table for Weighted Soils
I
r—Function (EF)
Estimate option > SplBSjESpi Individual -
Weighted -
Output option > $t&$$F"" Display
Graph
Save
AIRPSI >
r-INSTRUCT
one soil at a time
summary of soils in buffer
table on screen
plot of function
table in file on disk
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
lelp:|| Next:f|f Prev:|| Limits:|§ Status:!
| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.26. Screen options selected to display Functions
estimates for weighted soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Functions option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify Weighted by typing W in the estimate option field and
Display by typing D in the output option field in the
Functions (EF) screen (see Figure 5.26). If desired, enter
a nonzero value for AIRPSI, the air entry pressure head, for
use in computing soil water content (see Section 5.3.1).
(3) Use the Next command to initiate the display of estimates.
RESULTS
Based on the soils contained in the search buffer, a display table
containing weighted-average midpoint estimates for the functional
relationships between pressure head, water content and relative
permeability will be generated for each of the three soil zones
for which data are available. The table for the top zone will be
displayed automatically. The tables for the other two zones may
be displayed in sequence by using the Next command. The display
screens produced for weighted soils are identical to those produced
for individual soils (see Figure 5-19).
108
-------
5.3.6 Plot Functions Estimates for Weighted Soils
J
Estimate option > ttp£8tS& ' Individual -
Weighted -
Output option > |B/i&8 -, Display
Graph
Save
AIRPSI > &
INSTRUCT
- -
one soil at a time
summary of soils in buffer
table on screen
plot of function
table in file on disk
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
lelp:|| Next:§§ Prev:fi Limits:!! Status:!
| Xpad:|S Cmnd Oops
•
Figure 5.27. Screen options selected to plot Functions estimates
for weighted soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Functions option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify Weighted by typing W in the estimate option field and
Graph by typing G in the output option field in the Functions
(EF) screen (see Figure 5.27 for example). If desired, enter
a nonzero value for AIRPSI, the air entry pressure head, for
use in computing soil water content (see Section 5.3.1).
(3) Use the Next command to move to the Graph (EFG) screen (see
Figure 5.21 for example).
109
-------
(4) Specify the desired plotting device by typing either a D for
display or a P for printer in the "plotting device" field of
the Graph (EFG) screen. In the "draw" field of the same
screen, specify which relationships are to be plotted
(pressure head versus water content, water content versus
relative permeability or both) by typing a Y for yes or a N
for no in the appropriate fields. In the "Y-axis" and "X--
axis" fields specify the type of scales to be used on the
plots by typing A for arithmetic or L for logarithmic in the
appropriate fields.
(5) Use the Next command to initiate the plotting of the
specified Information.
RESULTS
Based on the soils contained in the search buffer, a plot
containing midpoint estimates for each functional relationship
specified on the Graph (EFG) screen will be generated for each of
the three soil zones for which data are available. The plot of
weighted-average values for the top zone will be displayed
automatically. The plots for the other two zones may be displayed
in sequence by using the Next command. Note that lines for range
estimates are not plotted for the weighted-average option. With
that exception, the plots of pressure head versus water content and
water content versus relative permeability which are produced for
the weighted option are identical to those shown for individual
soils in Figures 5.22 and 5.23.
110
-------
5.3.7 Save Functions Estimates for Weighted Soils
Estimate option > 8EI1»8TI6- Individual -
Weighted -
Output option > pAVE ", ' \, Display
Graph
Save
AIRPSI > <*' $.
one soil at a time
summary of soils in buffer
table on screen
plot of function
table in file on disk
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|| Next:|| Prev:|| Liraits:|| Status:|
| Xpad:|l Cmnd Oops
Figure 5.28. Screen options selected to save Functions estimates
for weighted soils.
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Select the Functions option on the Estimate (E) screen.
(2) Specify Weighted by typing W in the estimate option field and
Save by typing 8 in the output option field in the Functions
(EF) screen (see Figure 5.28 for example).
(3) Use the Next command to go to the next screen after data are
entered. The next screen displayed will be a Save (EFS)
screen (see Figure 5.25 for example).
(4) In the highlighted field of the Save (EFS) screen, type the
name of the file in which you wish to save the estimates.
(5) Use the Next command to cause the named file to be created
and the estimates saved.
RESULTS
A file containing the weighted-average estimates for Functions is
created on disk.
Ill
-------
SECTION 6
EXAMPLE SESSIONS
USE THIS SECTION TO FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE OPERATIONAL
ASPECTS OF DBAPE AND THE SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS NEEDED TO PERFORM
MULTI-STEP TASKS.
This chapter takes the user through a variety of sample DBAPE
applications. These applications accomplish three tasks. First,
they familiarize the user with DBAPE as a whole program. Second,
they demonstrate the capabilities of DBAPE in examples which the
user may find relevant. Third, they show the user the series of
commands necessary to perform various DBAPE capabilities. Examples
one and two stress the Analyze and Estimate capabilities of DBAPE,
respectively. Both examples demonstrate interactions with the
soils data bases. Example 3 focuses on DBAPE capabilities related
to interaction with the meteorologic data base.
6.1 ANALYZE SOILS DATA BASE (EXAMPLE 1)
As a result of the development of a new pesticide for potatoes, you
have been asked to gather information on soils which support
potatoes. Those asking for this information are particularly
interested in soils for which leaching may be a problem. They are
also only interested in the state of New York.
Run the program by entering "DBAPE" from the operating system.
Figure 6.1 shows that the Opening screen consists of a welcome
message and three menu options. For this example, you want to
analyze soil properties in a geographic area. Thus, select the
Analyze option. The resulting screen (Analyze (A)) is shown in
Figure 6.2; it contains seven menu options. Since you wish to
define the soils properties and geographic area to be used in
searching the soils data bases, select the Define option. The
resulting screen (Define (AD)) is shown in Figure 6.3; it contains
five menu options related to searching the soils data bases. Also
note the addition of the status window. This displays information
relating to the search to be performed (or completed) and the
contents of the soil buffer. The status window currently shows the
soil categories to be searched are the ML, Pi, P4 and PO soils.
Since you wish to find all prime agricultural soils in New York
which support potatoes, select the Type option.
112
-------
1
•. • • • ' ' - '• . • • • - . ' - . . - . ' - . • • ' ' , . '•
**************************************************************
****** WELCOME TO "DBAPE" ******
****** DATE JANUARY 12, 1988, REV. SEPTEMBER 25, 1989 ******
Select an option.
ftg&g£f , ~,«^8&r^spr*0^
Estimate - estimate parameter values for RUSTIC
Return - back to operating system
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
telp:fi Next:!! Xpad:;(f$ Cmnd
Figure 6.1.
screen.
Selection of the Analyze option on the Opening
Select an Analyze option. ,
Find % '- execute specified search
Order - sort buffer on selected property
Summarize - soils in buffer
View - individual soil properties
Buffer - advanced buffer management
Return - back to Opening screen
Select an option using arrow keys
Then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
rtelp:lH Next:!! Xpad:|§ Cmnd
Figure 6.2.
screen.
Selection of the Define option on the Analyze (A)
113
-------
i— Define (AO)
Select a Define option.
Property - specify properties of soil for search
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode - specify mode of buffer management
Return - back to Analyze
i— STATUS
Type: ML soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
i—INSTRUCT i
Geographic: None
Properties: All
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:ff| Next:f| Prev:!
H Status:|! Quiet:ll Xpsd'-fM c">nd
Figure 6.3.
screen.
Selection of the Type option on the Define (AD)
H
i—Type (ADT)
Indicate active soil types.
ML - most likely problem soils |||
P1 - prime agricultural soils YES
P4 - irrigated agricultural soils YES
PO - possible agricultural soils YES
r-STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4,PO soil Geographic: None
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: All
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elP:H Mext:ll Prev:ll Li""*8:!! Status:|f Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.4. Initial appearance of the Type (ADT) screen.
114
-------
Figure 6.4 shows the Type (ADT) screen. It contains four data
fields in which the user specifies whether each of the four soil
categories is to be searched. The default at the start of the
program is to search all soils. You wish, however, to search all
prime agricultural soils. Thus, you modify the data to exclude
searching of the PO data base by entering 'NO1 in the data field
for this soil type. The resulting screen is shown in Figure 6.5.
When you have appropriately modified this screen, use the Next
command to return to the Define (AD) screen. Upon returning to the
Define (AD) screen (Figure 6.6), note that the status window has
been modified to show that ML, PI, and P4 soils will all be
searched. The next specification needed is to instruct DBAPE to
search only the geographic data base. This is done by setting the
search to not use any soil properties. Select the Property option.
The resulting screen (Property (ADP)) is shown in Figure 6.7; it
contains three menu options. Since you wish to search only a
specific geographic region at this time, select the None option.
Figure 6.8 shows the Define (AD) screen with the status window now
displaying no properties specified for the search. The next search
parameter needing to be specified is the geographic area to search.
To start the process, select the Geographic option. The resulting
screen (Geographic (ADG)) is shown in Figure 6.9; it contains four
options. Since you wish to specify the search in a single state,
select the States option from this screen.
1
...Tvnn f AHT^
Indicate active soil types.
ML - most likely problem soils YES
P1 - prime agricultural soils YES
P4 - irrigated agricultural soils YES
PO - non prime agricultural soils SHI
CTATII^
Type: HL,P1,P4,PO soil Geographic: None
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: All
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
. TMQTRIlrT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next* command to go to next screen when done entering data.
1elp:|| Next:l| Prev:f|. Limits:|| Status:|f Quiet:|^ Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.5. Type (ADT) screen options selected to search all
prime agricultural soils.
115
-------
fl
r-Oefine (AD) -
Select a Define option.
Tyj3«j ^ - specify type of soil for search
fr«£6fly7 '"lij^l&f^-eii^rtles of soil for 6esr«b
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode - specify mode of buffer management
Return - back to Analyze
STATU"
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT -
Geographic: None
Properties: All '
Select an option Using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:||j Next:||! Prev:j
§ Status:|f! Qulet:Il xPad:li Cmnd
Figure 6.6.
screen.
Selection of the Property option on the Define (AD)
i — Property (ADP)™
Select a Property option.
All - include all properties
Select - indicate specific properties
Im^virSi*TW'?Jiri»Wfe*;Esi^h
r— STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: None
Properties: All
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:f| Next:ff Status:|f Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.7.
screen.
Selection of the None option on the Property (ADP)
116
-------
J
... Dr-finr (M)\
Select a
Type
Property
sksB&sj&ii
Mode
Return
STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
I MSTRUCT
Define option.
- specify type of soil for search
- specify properties of soil for search
* ; *j*»M vfifeaSM* *m «o**w»*
- specify mode of buffer management
- back to Analyze
Geographic: None
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:|| Next: §55 Prev:]
|i Status:|| Quiet:i|i Xpad:f$ Cmnd
Figure 6.8. Selection of the Geographic option on the Define
(AD) screen.
Select a Geographic, area.
All - search all geographic areas
Region - specify an EPA region
Stat-esC-, specify sel-esfeeg stttag
None - don't search the geographic database
STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: None
Properties: None .
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next: || Status :|| Quiet :|| Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.9. Selection of the states option on the Geographic
(ADG) screen.
117
-------
The resulting screen (State (ADGS))is shown in Figure 6.10; it
consists of ten pairs of data fields for specifying state/county
pairs to search. Enter 'NY1 for the first state value. Since you
wish all of New York to be searched, leave the county value for the
pair at a value of 0. The resulting screen is shown in Figure
6.11. Use the Next command to return to the Define (AD) screen.
Figure 6.12 shows the Define (AD) screen after specifying to search
only New York. Again, note that the status window has changed to
reflect this specification. The specifications for the search
are now such that all of the soils in New York will be found.
Thus, select the Return option to get back to the Analyze (A)
screen. From the Analyze (A) screen (Figure 6.13), execute the
search by selecting the Find option. The resulting screen (Find
(AF)) is shown in Figure 6.14; it contains five menu options
relating to the geographic search status display. Users with
graphics capabilities should use the Display option. Users without
graphics capabilities should use the Text option. If you selected
the Display option, the Display (AFD) screen (Figure 6.15) will
appear with a set of parameters relating to the graphic display of
the geographic search. Use the default values and continue with
the Next command. Figure 6.17 shows the resulting map which will
be displayed if the user has graphics capabilities. The map shows
all of the counties in New York which have ML, PI, or P4 soils in
the geographic data base. Figure 6.16 shows the resulting text
screen if the user does not have graphics. This screen simply
shows the states as they are being searched.
\
State (ADGS)
Enter State and county
STATUS
Type: HL.P1.P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
values in pairs (county= 0 for all of state)
State County
none 0
none 0
none 0
none 0
none 0
none 0
Geographic: None
Properties: None
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Ielp:=H Next:f2. Prev:;
H Limits:;!)! Status:;||; Quiet:|S Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.10. Initial appearance of the State (ADGS) screen.
118
-------
ot-ifft f Anfiejx
Enter State and county
OTATI|«I
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
...f HCTRMPT
values in pairs ( count y= 0 for all of state)
State County
NY "- $
none 0
none 0
none 0
none 0
none 0
none 0
Geographic: None
Properties: None
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|H Next:|ii Prev:i
;| Limits:!! status:!l Qu'et:l$! xPad:ll Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.11. State (ADGS) screen options selected to search all
of New York state.
1
Define (AD)
Select a Define option.
Type - specify type of soil for search
Property - specify properties of soil for search
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode - specify mode of buffer management
i*$j£^'~^T'$^$H»°5Eftyz:^'
STATU"1
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:NY Co: All
Properties: None
^
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
letP:Hl Next:fJ| Prev:;
H Status:!! Quiet: IS Xpad:|§ Cmnd
Figure 6.12. Selection of the Return option on the Define (AD)
screen.
119
-------
i — Annlv7^ fh"\
'
Select
Define
Order
an Analyze option.
^-search criteria
- sort buffer on selected property
Summarize - soils in buffer
View
Buffer
Return
STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
I^TWJTRtlrT
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
- back to Opening screen
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next:|| Status:j| Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.13.
screen.
Selection of the Find option on the Analyze (A)
i^Find (AF)
Select a geographic search display option.
Text - summary of progress
PRint - map of progress
PLot - map of progress
Quit - don't do a geographic search
i— STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 0 soils
i— INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:H Next:|| Status:ff Quiet:j$ Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.14.
screen.
Selection of the Display option on the Find (AF)
120
-------
•••Display (AFD)
State boundary color > SLLfE;.
County boundary color > WHITE
County fill color > RED
County fill type > SOLID
STATUS
Type: ML,P1.P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:NY Co: All
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next:|ij Prev:j
f! Limits:|! status:ll Quiet:!! Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.15. Display (AFD) screen options selected for graphic
display of geographic search.
f
Find (AF)
The following states are being searched: NY
Completed search of states.
STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 0 soils
IN5TR11PT
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: None
'Next1 command to go to next screen
-4
lelp:|| Next: II Status :|| Quiet :|| Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.16. Text display of geographic search status.
121
-------
01
3
•P
01
ft
o
M
«f
O
CO
8-
n
tn
o
-------
After using R to continue from the map or Next to continue from
the text screen, the Analyze (A) screen (Figure 6.18) will again
be displayed. Note that the status window now shows that the
search is complete and there are 138 soils in the buffer. Now you
need to search through these soils to find those which support
potatoes. Start this process by again selecting the Define option.
From the Define (AD) screen (Figure 6.19), select the Property
option. Since you now wish to find the soils which support
potatoes, choose the Select option from the Property (ADP) screen
(Figure 6.20). The resulting screen (Select (ADPS)) is shown in
Figure 6.21; it consists of various data fields for entering soil
property search specifications. Enter the value 16 (numeric code
for potatoes) in the data field for Crop as shown in Figure 6.22
and then use Next to return to the Define (AD) screen. Figure 6.23
shows the Define (AD) screen with the status window displaying the
soil properties search specifications. Now you need to set the
mode of buffer management to only search through the soils
currently in the buffer. This is done by selecting the Mode
option. Figure 6.24 shows the Mode (ADM) screen. Select the
Subset option to search through only the soils currently in the
buffer.
*
Select an Analyze option.
{lefin& -' search erfljeMa
Find - execute specified search
Order - sort buffer on selected property
Summarize - soils in buffer
View - individual soil properties
Buffer - advanced buffer maintenance
Return - back to Opening screen
Type: ML,P1.P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 138 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:§| Next:||i Status:|§ Quiet:ff Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.18.
screen.
Selection of the Define option on the Analyze (A)
123
-------
p-Define
-------
1
Enter values for desired parameters.
Name -->• > Hydrologic Group -->none Crop --> 0
Parameter Zone Minimum Maximum True/False
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
. .CTATIIO
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: None
Search: Complete
Buffer: 138 soils
...TUQTRIIPT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
lelp:i| Next.:!! Prev:|| Limits:f! Status:|| Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.21. Initial appearance of Select (ADPS) screen.
1
e^i r^«- /Anp*t^
Enter values for desired parameters.
Name --> Hydrologic Group -->none Crop --> 16
Parameter Zone Minimum Maximum True/False
^riDrje none 0. 0. TRUE
'none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
CTATH0
Type: ML.P1.P4 soil Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: None
Search: Complete
Buffer: 138 soils
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
telp:i|! Next:|| Prev:|S Limits:!! Status :|1 Quiet :£§ Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.22. Select (ADPS) screen options selected to specify a
search for potatoes.
125
-------
H
r-Oefine (AD)
Select a
Type
Property
Geograph
«*"?*
Return
^STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 138 soils
-INSTRUCT
£
ther
TV
elp:fff Next:||i Prev:|
Define option.
- specify type of soil for search
- specify properties of soil for search
ic - specify geographic area of interest
' ^3 J$%**tifj»j?& of & mnfottmtf.
- back to Analyze
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
elect an option using arrow keys
» confirm selection with the F2 key, or
pe the first letter of an option.
1 Status:f! Quiet:Il xPad:l§ Cmnd
Figure 6.23.
screen.
Selection of the Mode option on the Define (AD)
|— Mode M*om jswmfc &**f«r with additfoiwt eeantfc crSterta
Clear - remove soils from current buffer
r-STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 138 soils
-INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:NY Co:All
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
HelP:H Hext:i! Prev:jf
f! Status:f| Quiet:ll xPad:|| Cmnd
f
Figure 6.24. Selection of the Subset option on the Mode (ADM)
screen.
126
-------
The status window on the Define (AD) screen (Figure 6.25) shows
that the buffer mode has been set to Subset the buffer. The search
specifications are now set as desired, so select the Return option.
From the Analyze (A) screen (Figure 6.26), again select the Find
option to find the soils in the buffer which support potatoes.
Since you have specified properties for which to search, the
resulting screen (Find (AP), Figure 6.27) shows the progress of the
search through the soils properties data base. When the final
display of soils searched and selected is made, use the Next
command to continue the search process. The resulting screen (Find
(AF)) is shown in Figure 6.28; it contains five menu options
relating to the geographic search status display. Users with
graphics capabilities should use the Display option. Users without
graphics capabilities should use the Text option. If you selected
the Display option, the Display (AFD) screen (Figure 6.29) will
appear with a set of parameters relating to the graphic display of
the geographic search. Use the default values and continue with
the Next command. Figure 6.30 shows the resulting map which will
be displayed if the user has graphics available. The map shows all
of the counties in New York from the first search which support
potatoes. Figure 6.31 shows the resulting text screen if the user
does not have graphics. This screen simply shows the states as
they are being searched. After using R to continue from the map
or Next to continue from the text screen, the Analyze (A) screen
(Figure 6.32) will again be displayed.
Select a
Type
Property
Define option.
- specify type of soil for search
- specify properties of soil for search
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode
- specify mode of buffer management
Ret<™ , -*M*t*M»l**
Type: ML.P1.P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 138 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:All
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:!! Next:Il Prev:
If Status:!! Quiet:jH Xpad:j|| Cmnd
Figure 6.25.
screen.
Selection of the Return option on the Define (AD)
127
-------
r-Analvze (A1
Select
Define
Order
an Analyze option.
^-^search^ criteria
- sort buffer on selected property
Summarize - soils in buffer
View
Buffer
Return
i-STATUS
Type; HL.P1.P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 138 soils
r— INSTRUCT
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
- back to Opening screen
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Select an option using arrow keys .
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:f| Next:|| Status:|| Quiet:|l Xpad:f§ Grand
Figure 6.26,
screen.
Selection of the Find option on the Analyze (A)
r— Find (AF)
pSTATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 138 soils
INSTRUCT
Soils searched: 138
Soils selected: 48
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
'Next' command to go to next screen
HelP:H Next:ll status:H Quiet:l! Xpad:!! Cmnd
Figure 6.27. Find (AF) screen display showing final results of
soils properties data base search.
128
-------
— riiiu lar t
Select a geographic search display option.
Text - summary of progress
PRint - map of progress
PLot - map of progress
Quit - don't do a geographic search
Type: ML.P1.P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 48 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next:|! status:|| Qul"et:II xPad:^ Clnnd ,
Figure 6.28.
screen.
Selection of the Display option on the Find (AF)
,-Display fctOE _
County boundary color > WHITE
County fill color > RED
County fill type > SOLID
.—STATUS
Type: ML.P1.P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 48 soils
Geographic:
Properties:
St:NY Co:All
Name Group:
Crop: POTATOES
^INSTRUCT-
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key.
Type the first letter of an option.
or
Next:
Prev:|
Limits:!
Status:l
Quietc'l
Xpad:
Cmnd
Figure 6.29. Display (AFD) screen options selected for graphic
display of geographic search status. ,
129
-------
0)
0
4J
«S
•P
01
ft
o
n
«»
0)
o
•H
•w
o
ft
0)
-H
•O
O
•H
-------
—Find (AF)
The following states are being searched: NY
Completed search of states.
—STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Node: Subset buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 48 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
—INSTRUCT
'Next1 command to go to next screen
Help:|| Next:|| Status:|f Quiet:^ Xpad:|! Cmnd
Figure 6.31. Text display of geographic search status,
—Analyze (A)
Select
Define
Find
an Analyze option.
- search criteria
- execute specif ied search
Summarize - soils in buffer
View
Buffer
Return
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
- back to Opening screen
Geographic: St:NY Co:All
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
— INdlKUOl
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:!! Ncxt:ll Status:!! Quiet:f| Xpad:|g Cmnd
Figure 6.32.
screen.
Selection of the Order option on the Analyze (A)
131
-------
Note that the buffer now contains 48 of the 138 soils originally
found. Since the buffer now contains the soils which you were
requested to find, you are no longer concerned with searching the
data bases. Select the Order option. The resulting screen (Order
(AO)) is shown in Figure 6.33; it contains three menu options on
which ordering may be carried out. Since you are interested in
sand content, select the Property option. The resulting screen
(Property (AOP)) is shown in Figure 6.34; it contains three data
fields related to the ordering. Since you are interested in soils
likely to leach, order the high sand content in the surface zone
iSo^™^1^ order« This is d°ne by entering HSAND, SUR, and
DESCENDING in the three data fields. When you have appropriately
modified the screen, as shown in Figure 6.35, use the Next command
to execute the ordering. When the sort is complete, the Analyze
(A) screen (Figure 6.36) will again be displayed. Now select the
View option to see the format of the soil properties display. The
resulting screen (View (AV)) is shown in Figure 6.37; it contains
four menu options. Select the Display option to view a detailed
summary of the soils in the buffer. The resulting screen (Display
(AVD)) is shown in Figure 6.38; it contains values for the soil
name and number, properties for each zone, potential crops, total
acreage, and specified geographic area. since the status window
is still being displayed, you are not able to view all of the
information. Use the Quiet command and then the Dnpg command to
view the remaining data (Figure 6.39).
H
r-Order (AO)
Select an
Number
Acreage
rSTATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
-INSTRUCT
S
ther
TV
elp:|| Next:ff Prev:|
Order parameter.
- order the soil numbers
- order the soi I acreages
V^|
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
elect an option using arrow keys
confirm selection with the F2 key, or
pe the first letter of an option.
|, Status:ff Quiet:ff Xpad:|f Cmnd
Figure 6.33. Selection of the Property option on the order (AO)
screen. '
132
-------
—Property (AOP)
For soil Property,
Enter the property on which to order --> nong
Enter the zone for the specified property --> none
Enter the ordering of the values --> ASCENDING
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:All
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
—INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:H Next:H Prev:|| Limits:f| Status:|| Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.34. Initial appearance of Property (AOP) screen.
For soi I Property,
Enter the property on which to order •--> HSAffl)
Enter the zone for the specified property --> SUR
Enter the ordering of the values --> DESCENDING
—STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:All
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use "Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|| Next:lt Prev:i
H Limits:!! Status:!! Quiet:|f Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.35. Property (AOP) screen options selected to sort, in
descending order, high sand content in the surface zone.
133
-------
i— Analyze fAl
Select
Define
Find
Order
an Analyze option.
- search criteria
- execute specified search
- sort buffer on selected property
Summarize ; - v soils .in [.buffer
Buffer
Return
r-STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Hode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
,— IH
-------
SOIL SERIES (NAME)> ALTON SOIL NUMBER (NUMERIC CODE)> P11056
DEPTH(CM) CLASS % SAND % CLAY BULK DENS. ORG. MAT. AVAIL H20 HGRP
LH LH LH LHLH
SUR 17.8 8 40 90 1 10 1.35 1.65 2.0 5.0 0.06 0.14 A
SUB 104.1 8 60 80 1 12 1.45 1.65 0.4 1.5 0.07 0.09
STR 134.6 4 85 98 12 1.45 1.65 0.2 1.0 0.02 0.04
POTENTIAL CROPS
—STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
—INSTRUCT
'Next1 command to go to next screen
Help:!! Next:|f Prev:
|| Intrpt:f| Status:|| Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Dnpg
Figure 6.38. Display (AVD) screen showing detailed summary of
first soil in buffer (status window on).
,—
DEPTH(CM) CLASS % SAND % CLAY BULK DENS. ORG. MAT. AVAIL H20 HGRP
LH LH LH LH LH
SUR 17.8 8 40 90 1 10 1.35 1.65 2.0 5.0 0.06 0.14 A
SUB 104.1 8 60 80 1 12 1.45 1.65 0.4 1.5 0.07 0.09
STR 134.6 4 85 98 12 1.45 1.65 0.2 1.0 0.02 0.04
POTENTIAL CROPS
1 CORN 4 OATS 9 WHEAT 16 POTATOES
3 GRASS/PAS/HAY
TOTAL ACRES: 126666.
FROM:
NY: ALL
—INSTRUCT
'Next1 command to go to next screen
Help:i| Next:|| Prev:|| Intrpt:|| Status:'!! HP31*5!! Cnrid UPP9
Figure 6.39. Display (AVD) screen showing detailed summary of
first soil in the buffer (status window off).
135
-------
^ command to finish viewing soils and return to the
Vzew (AV) screen (Figure 6.40). Since the soils displays are the
type of information for which you have been asked, you now wish to
STL hSSe *iSPlavs fc° a file- Delect the Save' option to Segin
f S? S'ooSS reSUltl"9 Sc5.een (.Save (AVS)) is shown in Figure
6.41, it contains one data field in which to enter the file name
to save the displays. Enter the desired file name, as shown in
Figure 6.42, and then use the Next command. Since you now have the
fISi£o5nll:ifo™atlon' use ^e Return option on the View (AV) screen
as shown in Figure 6.43. Use the Return option on the Analyze (A)
(FigUrS 6,^4) t0 get back to the ^ening screen. F?om the
screen (Figure 6.45), use the Return option again to end
SGSSXOH •
i-View CAV)
Select soil search results View option.
Hap - shbwihg"'lb'cafYon"of "seTected soils
Return - to Analyze screen
i— STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 48 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:AU
Properties: Name Group: Crop: POTATOES
,-! MSTRI irr .
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:=|| Next:||| Status
:ff Quiet :f! Xpad:|f Cmnd
Figure 6.40.
screen.
Selection of the Save option on the view (AV)
136
-------
1
^-iirn /AV*J^
Name of file in which to save soil search results display?
~™>, ™" ^ ' % ;....£.....,....„..,„ £....f..., , A
*, •• '"- , ,','',"<-
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next' command to go to next screen when done entering data.
1elp:§| Next:H Prev:l| Limits:"!! Status:SH Xpad:|S Cmnd Oops
^
Figure 6.41. Initial appearance of the Save (AVS) screen for the
View option of Analyze.
1
Name of file in which to save soil search results display?
jsatatfrM*^ ~ " , % "\ i ff fff „ rw "
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
1elp:H Next:'!! Prev:ll Limits:^ Status: If Xpad:|S Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.42. Save (AVS) screen modified to save detailed summary
of soils in the buffer to a file.
137
-------
H
i—Vicw (AW)
Select soil search results
Display - details of search
Save - details of search
INSTRUCT
View option.
results
results
of selected soils
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:f|| Mext:^ Status:^ Quiet:|
1 Xpad:|
| Cmnd
Figure 6.43.
screen.
Selection of the Return option on the View (AV)
H
I — Analyze CA)
Select an
Define
Find
Order
Summarize
View
Buffer
iCX-WKWK-K-t-K-KJ
INSTRUCT
Analyze option.
- search criteria
- execute specified search
- sort buffer on selected property
- soils in buffer
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:|| Next:|| Status :||
1 Quiet:|! Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.44.
screen.
Selection of the Return option on the Analyze (A)
138
-------
1
**************************************************************
****** WELCOME TO ''DBAPE" ******
****** OATE JANUARY 12, 1988, REV. SEPTEMBER 25, 1989 ******
**************************************************************
Select an option.
Analyze - analyze soil property or geographic data base
INSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
telp:f| Next:|| Status:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.45.
screen.
Selection of the Return option on the Opening
139
-------
6.2 ESTIMATE PARAMETERS USING SOILS DATA BASE (EXAMPLE 2)
You have been informed that RUSTIC is to be used to model pesticide
leaching on Long Island soils which support potatoes. You have
thus been asked to generate estimated parameter values for use in
the PRZM and VADOFT portions of the RUSTIC model.
Run the program by entering "DBAPE" from the operating system.
Figure 6.46 shows that the Opening screen consists of a welcome
message and three menu options. For this example you want to find
soils of interest in a geographic area for which to estimate
parameter values. Begin by selecting the Analyze option. The
resulting screen (Analyze (A)) is shown in Figure 6.47; it contains
seven menu options. Since you wish to define the soils properties
and geographic area to be used in searching the soils data bases,
select the Define option. The resulting screen (Define (AD)) is
shown in Figure 6.48; it contains five menu options related to
searching the soils data bases. Also note the addition of the
status window. This displays information relating to the search
to be performed (or completed) and the contents of the soil buffer.
The status window currently shows that all soil categories are to
be searched. Since you wish to find all prime agricultural soils
on Long Island which support potatoes, select the Type option.
K
****** r WELCOME TO "DBAPE" ******
****** DATE JANUARY 12, 1988, REV SEPTEMBER 25, 1989 ******
Select an option.
Estimate ^estimate parameter Values for"RUSTIC
Return - back to operating system
INSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:f|f Next:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.46.
screen.
Selection of the Analyze option on the Opening
140
-------
f
Select an
Find
Order
Summarize
View
Buffer
Return
...TMCTPIIrT
Analyze option.
- execute specified search
- sort buffer on selected property
- soils in buffer
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer management
- back to Opening screen
Select an option using arrow keys
Then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:|| Next:|fj Xpad:;JH
Cmnd
Figure 6.47. Selection of the Define option on the Analyze (A)
screen.
1
Define (AD)
Select a Define option.
*yp& , , ™Jsp6*•, &fear
-------
Figure 6.49 shows the Type (ADT) screen. It contains four data
fields in which the user specifies whether each of the four soil
categories is to be searched. The default at the start of the
program is to search all soils. You wish, however, to search all
prime agricultural soils. Thus, modify the data to exclude
searching of the PO data base by entering 'NO1 in the data field
for this soil type. The resulting screen is shown in Figure 6.50.
When you have appropriately modified this screen, use the Next
command to return back to the Define (AD) screen. Upon returning
to the Define (AD) screen (Figure 6.51), note that the status
window has been modified to show that ML, Pi, and P4 soils will all
be searched. The next specification needed is to instruct DBAPE
to search only the geographic data base. This is done by setting
the search to not use any soil properties. Select the Property
option now. The resulting screen (Property (ADP)) is shown in
Figure 6.52; it contains three menu options. Since you wish to
search only a specific geographic region at this time, select the
None option. Figure 6.53 shows the Define (AD) screen with the
status window now displaying no properties specified for the
search. The next search parameter needing to be specified is the
geographic area to search. To start the process, select the
Geographic option.
h
r-Type (ADT)
Indicate active soil types.
ML - most likely problem soils jf|i|'
P1 - prime agricultural soils YES
P4 - irrigated agricultural soils YES
PO - non prime agricultural soils YES
STATU"
Type: HL,P1,P4,PO soil Geographic: None
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: All
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next' command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:|| Next:||j! Prev:|| Limits:!! Status:|| Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.49. Initial appearance of the Type (ADT) screen,
142
-------
1
Tvrv ^AnT^
Indicate active soil types.
ML - most likely problem soils YES
P1 - prime agricultural soils YES
P4 - irrigated agricultural soils YES
PO - possible agricultural soils JS|!
. CTATIIC
Type: ML,P1,P4,PO soil Geographic: None
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: All
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
.-TM^TRIIPT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
1elp:|| Next:|i Prev:||i Limits:!! status:l| Quiet:i|i xPae':^ Cmn^ 0oPs
Figure 6.50. Type (ADT) screen options selected to search for
all prime agricultural soils.
1
Do-finr* /APM
Select a Define option.
Type - specify type of soil for search
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode - specify mode of buffer management
Return - back to Analyze
CT ATI \f
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
I M*5TPI IPT
Geographic: None
Properties: All
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
letp:||! Next: ||f Prev:i
$i Status:!! Qui"et:i! Xpad:|i Cmnd
Figure 6.51. Selection of the Property option on the Define (AD)
screen.
143
-------
<
—ppnpppty (ADP)
Select a Property option.
All - include all properties
Select - indicate specific properties
Norxr - *fcR*t ^j,,^ properties seareft
r— STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: None
Properties: All
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:||| Next:j|$ Prevrj
J Status:|! Qui"et:li Xpad'tl Cmnd
Figure 6.52.
screen.
Selection of the None option on the Property (ADP)
u
[—Define (AD)
Select a Define option.
Type - specify type of soil for search
Property - specify properties of soil for search
Mode - specify mode of buffer management
Return - back to Analyze
[-STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil Geographic: None
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: None
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:||{ Next:ff Prev:|| Status:f£| Quiet:.!! Xpad:!$! Cmnd
Figure 6.53. Selection of the Geographic option on the Define
(AD) screen.
144
-------
The resulting screen (Geographic (ADG)) is shown" in Figure 6.54;
it contains four options. Since you wish to specify the search in
a single state, select the States option from this screen. The
resulting screen (State (ADGS))is shown in Figure 6.55; it consists
of ten pairs of data fields for specifying state/county pairs to
search. Since you wish to search only Long Island, enter NY and
the appropriate FIPS codes for Nassau (59) and Suffolk (103)
counties in pairs, as shown in Figure 6.56. Use the Next command
to return back to the Define (AD) screen. Figure 6.57 shows the
Define (AD) screen after specifying to search only Long Island.
Again, note that the status window has changed to reflect this
specification. The specifications for the search are now such that
all of the soils in Long Island will be found. Thus, select the
Return option to get back to the Analyze (A) screen. From the
Analyze (A) screen (Figure 6.58), execute the search by selecting
the Find option. The resulting screen (Find (AF)) is shown in
Figure 6.59; it contains five menu options relating to the
geographic search status display. Users with graphics capabilities
should use the Display option. Users without graphics capabilities
should use the Text option. If you selected the Display option,
the Display (AFD) screen (Figure 6.60) will appear with a set of
parameters relating to the graphic display of the geographic
search. Use the default values and continue with the Next command.
I
•
Select a Geographic area.
All - search all geographic areas
Region - specify an EPA region
None - don't search the geographic database
....CTAT|f«*
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil Geographic: None
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: None
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
)elp:|| Next:|| Prev:|jf Status:;|| Quiet :£§ Xpad:|§ Cmnd
Figure 6.54. Selection of the States option on the Geographic
(ADG) screen.
145
-------
^
Enter State and county
CTATIJ^
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
values in pairs (county= 0 for all of state)
State County
none 0
none 0
none 0
none 0
none 0
none 0
Geographic: None
Properties: None
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|| Hext:f| Prev:l
-------
\
Select a Define option.
Type - specify type of soil for search
Property - specify properties of soil for search
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode - specify mode of buffer management
ReipNt,, ^-fbtowfa •$& smAystp
tTATIIt
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:NY Co: 59 St:NY Co: 103
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:f! Next: || Prev:i
j$j Status :|| Quiet riff Xpad:|i Cmnd
Figure 6.57. Selection of the Return option on the Define (AD)
screen.
I
Select an Analyze option.
Define - search criteria
^)C,,x..,,,,, ? 'eMiWfee^^p^f Jatf geared
Order - sort buffer on selected property
Summarize - soils in buffer-
View - individual soil properties
Buffer - advanced buffer maintenance
Return - back to Opening screen
STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 0 soils
I HSTRUCT
Geographic: StrNY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:|| Next:|§ Status:^ Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.58.
screen.
Selection of the Find option on the Analyze (A)
147
-------
Ftnrl fAF^
Select a geographic search display option.
PRint - map of progress
Plot - map of progress
Quit - don't do a geographic search
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 0 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:f| Next:|i| Status:ff Quiet:f| Xpad:fJ| Cmnd
Figure 6.59. Selection of the Display option on the Find (AF)
screen.
I
State boundary color > f$|i|||l
County boundary color > WHITE
County fill color > RED
County fill type > SOLID
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 0 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co: 103
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
telp:|J! Hext:§| Prev:;
H Limits:!^ Status:j|$! Quiet:|§ Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.60. Display (AFD) options selected for graphic Display
of geographic search status.
148
-------
Figure 6.61 shows the resulting text screen if the user does not
have graphics. This screen simply shows the states as they are
being searched. Figure 6.62 shows the resulting map which will be
displayed if the user has graphics capabilities. The map shows the
two counties on Long Island which have ML, PI, or P4 soils in the
geographic data base. After using R to continue from the map or
Next: to continue from the text screen, the Analyze (A) screen
(Figure 6.63) again will be displayed. Note that the status window
now shows that the search is complete and there are eight soils in
the buffer. Now you need to search through these soils to find
those which support potatoes. Start this process by again
selecting the Define option. From the Define (AD) screen (Figure
6.64), select the Property option. Since you now wish to find the
soils which support potatoes, choose the Select option from the
Property (ADP) screen (Figure 6.65). The resulting screen (Select
(ADPS)) is shown in Figure 6.66; it consists of various data fields
for entering soil property search specifications. Enter the value
16 (numeric code for potatoes) in the data field for Crop as shown
in Figure 6.67 and then use Next to continue back to the Define
(AD) screen. Figure 6.68 shows the Define (AD) screen with the
status window displaying the soil properties search specifications.
Now you need to set the mode of .buffer management to only search
through the soils currently in the buffer. This is done by
selecting the Mode option.
I
Finri etf}
The following states are being searched: NY
Completed search of states.
Type: MU,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 0 soils
. -TM1TPMPT
Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: None
'Next1 command to go to next screen
)elp:|| Next:|2; Status:|f Quiet :|S Xpad:|£ Cmnd
Figure 6.61. Text display of geographic search status.
149
-------
Cfl
5
(0
4J
W
O
01
O
•H
o
o
W
•H
•d
o
•H
ft
M
C9
Pd
150
-------
^
Select
ttefSfte
an Analyze option.
' ' * sear & isrf tsrfa
Find - execute specified search
Order - sort buffer on selected property
Summarize - soils in buffer
View
Buffer
Return
STATU0
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 8 soi Is
INSTRUCT
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
- back to Opening screen
Geographic: St:MY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:|| Next:|| Status:§| Quiet:'!! Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.63.
screen.
Selection of the Define option on the Analyze (A)
(
Define (AD)
Select a Define option.
Type - specify type of soil for search
W&p&ui *''$^fyv'&i)j&%^'W,'£v¥i'^^ri&
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode - specify mode of buffer management
Return - back to Analyze
STATU0
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 8 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:|| Next:H Prev:j
H Status:|I Quiet:|i X pad: IS Cmnd
Figure 6.64. Selection of the Property option on the Define (AD)
screen.
151
-------
Select a Property option.
STATUS
Type: ML.P1.P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 8 soils
—I MtTPUPT
Geographic: St:NY Co: 59 St:NY Co: 103
Properties: None
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:||| Next: HJ Prev:]
§ Status :H Qui'et:|i Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.65.
(ADP) screen.
Selection of the Select option on the Property
f
Select (ADPS)
Enter values for desired parameters.
Name ">^^^ Hydrologic Group -->none Crop — > 0
Parameter Zone Minimum Maximum True/False
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
STATU*"
Type: HL.P1.P4 soil Geographic: St:NY Co: 59 St:NY Co: 103
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: None
Search: Complete
Buffer: 8 soils
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
lelp:|| Next:|| Prev:|| Limits:^ Status :ff Quiet:|f Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.66. initial appearance of the Select (ADS) screen.
152
-------
f
Select (ADPS)
Enter values for desired parameters.
Name --> Hydro logic Group -->none Crop --> 16
;
Parameter Zone Minimum Maximum True/False
"'n£n! none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
none none 0. 0. TRUE
STATUS
Type: ML, P1,P4 soil Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: None
Search: Complete
Buffer: 8 soils
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
' Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
lelp:|| Next:|| Prev:|| Limits:ff Status:§| Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.67.
potatoes.
Select (ADS) screen options selected to search for
t
Define CAD)'
Select a Define option.
Type - specify type of soil for search
Property - specify properties of soil for search
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode", - specify OKK& ,of feuf^-af raans9*w
-------
Figure 6.69 shows the Mode (ADM) screen. Select the Subset option
to search through only the soils currently in the buffer. The
status window on the Define (AD) screen (Figure 6.70) shows that
the buffer mode has been set to Subset the buffer. The search
specifications are now set as desired, so select the Return option.
From the Analyze (A) screen (Figure 6.71), again select the Find
option to find the soils in the buffer which support potatoes.
Since you have specified properties for which to search, the
resulting screen (Find (AF), Figure 6.72) shows the progress of
the search through the soils properties data base. When the final
display of soils searched and selected is made, use the Next
command to continue the search process. The resulting screen (Find
(AF)) is shown in Figure 6.73; it contains five menu options
relating to the geographic search status display. Users with
graphics capabilities should use the Display option. Users without
graphics capabilities should use the Text option. If you selected
the Display option, the Display (AFD) screen (Figure 6.74) will
appear with a set of parameters relating to the graphic display of
the geographic search. Use the default values and continue with
the Next command. Figure 6.75 shows the resulting text screen if
the user does not have graphics. This screen simply shows the
states as they are being searched. Figure 6.76 shows the resulting
map which will be displayed if the user has graphics available.
The map shows all of the counties in New York from the first search
which support potatoes.
f
Mode (ADH)
Select a Mode for
Add - soils foi
Clear - remove s<
TATD1"
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 8 soils
IH^TPIIPT
updating buffer.
jnd in search^ to existing buffer
)ils from current buffer
Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
lelp:|j| Next:fH Prev:;
H Status:;!| Quiet:|S Xpad:|S Cmnd
Figure 6.69. Selection of the Subset option on the Mode (ADM)
screen.
154
-------
n*£i~.~. fnr\\
Select a
Type
Property
Define option.
- specify type of soil for search
- specify properties of soil for search
Geographic - specify geographic area of interest
Mode
OTATIIC'
Type: ML.P1.P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 8 soils
TtiT
- specify mode of buffer management
Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next:||" Prev:i
|| Status:!? Quiet:!! XPad:W; Cmncl
Figure 6.70. Selection of the Return option on the Define (AD)
screen.
Select
Define
Order
an Analyze option.
- search criteria
- sort buffer on selected property
Summarize - soils in buffer
View
Buffer
Return
• -STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Pending
Buffer: 8 soils
T»ie»Tnn^T
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
- back to Opening screen
Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:jj|f Next:$2i Status :jj|j!j Quiet :|$ Xpad:|5 Cmnd
Figure 6.71.
screen.
Selection of the Find option on the Analyze (A)
155
-------
\
Soils searched: 8
Soils selected: 6
STATU"
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 8 soils
Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
'Next1 command to go to next screen
elp:'|| Next:||| Status:|| Quiet :||! Xpad:f$ Cmnd
Figure 6.72. Find (AF) screen display showing final results of
soils properties data base search.
rfnr] fAM
Select a geographic search display option.
, Text - summary of progress
PRint - map of progress
' PLot - map of progress
Quit - don't do a geographic search
STATUS
Type: HL,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 6 soils
TMCTn|lf>T
Geographic: St: NY Co: 59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: None •- •
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option. •'
Help:||| Next:|J| Status:^ Quiet:|! Xpad:f? Cmnd
Figure 6.73. Selection of the Display option on the Find (AF)
screen.
156
-------
State boundary color
County boundary color > WHITE
County fill color
County fill type
STATUS .,
Type: ML.P1.P4 soil
Node: Add to buffer
Search: Active
Buffer: 6 soils
tuoTniior
> RED
> SOLID
Geographic: St:NY Co: 59 St:NY Co: 103
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next:|2 Prev:]
|i Limits:!! Status :|f! Quiet :|| Xpad:|S Cmnd
Figure 6.74. Display (AFD) screen options selected for graphic
display of geographic search status.
»
Find (AF)
The following states are being searched: NY
Completed search of states.
STATUS
Type: ML.P1.P4 soil Geographic: St:HY Co: 59 St:NY Co: 103
Mode: Subset buffer Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Search: Active
Buffer: 6 soils
1 U^TDIIPT,. ... .
'Next1 command to go to next screen
-------
03
s
«J
•p
ra
o
10
01
o
•H
fi
O
0)
14-1
o
01
•H
•O
O
•H
A
81
M
vo
c*.
•
\o
-------
After using R to continue from the map or Next to continue from the
text screen, the Analyze (A) screen (Figure 6.77) will again be
displayed. Select the Return option to return to the Opening
screen (Figure 6.78). Select the Estimate option. The resulting
screen (Estimate (E» is shown in Figure 6.79; it contains four
menu options. Select the Przm option. The resulting screen (Przm
(EP)) is shown in Figure 6.80; it contains two data fields, each
with two options. Use the Next command to accept the initial
values of INDIVIDUAL and DISPLAY. The resulting Display (EPD)
screen is shown in figure 6.81. This screen shows the estimated
parameters for the PRZM portion of the RUSTIC model for the first
of six soils (ENFIELD) in the buffer. Use the Intrpt command to
return to the Przm (EP) screen. Now modify the Przm (EP) screen
to estimate weighted parameter values by entering WEIGHTED in the
first data field. The resulting screen is shown in Figure 6.82.
When you have appropriately modified the screen, use the Next
command to view the Weight (EPW) screen. Figure 6.83 shows the
Weight (EPW) screen which displays the number of soils used in the
weighting (overall and by zone) as well as the weighted parameter
estimates for each zone. Use the Next command to return to the
Przm (EP) screen.
Select
Define
Find
Order
an Analyze option.
- search criteria
- execute specified search
- sort buffer on selected property
Summarize - soils in buffer
View
Buffer
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil
Mode: Subset buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 6 soils
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next:|| Status:|if Quiet:f! Xpad:|f: Cmnd
Figure 6.77.
screen.
Selection of the Return option on the Analyze (A)
159
-------
H
I — Opening screen
**************************************************************
****** WELCOME TO "DBAPE" ******
****** DATE JANUARY 12, 1988, REV. SEPTEMBER 25, 1989 ******
**************************************************************
Select an option.
Return - back to operating system ""'* *'~
i— STATUS
Type: ML,P1,P4 soil Geographic: St:NY Co:59 St:NY Co:103
Mode: Subset buffer Properties: Name: Group: Crop: POTATOES
Search: Complete
Buffer: 6 soils
IMSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:f| Next:|| Status:|| Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.78. Selection of the Estimate option on the Opening
screen.
^
i — Estimate (E)
Select an Estimate option.
Vadoft ""-"est^ma'te^VADorf'Ser^ranieters
Functions - estimate soil-water functional relationships
Return - to opening screen
INSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:H Next:ff Status:^ Xpad:f|| Cmnd
Figure 6.79. Selection of the Przm option on the Estimate (E)
screen.
160
-------
— Przro (EP) ••'"
Estimate option > ;|ll|f|lg|| Individual -
Weighted
Output option > DISPLAY Display
Save
one soil at a time
summary of soils in buffer
table on screen
table in file on disk
—INSTRUCT — "
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|| Next:|f Prev:f! Limits:^ Status:|
| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.80. Przm (EP) screen options selected to display PRZM
estimates for individual soils.
—Display (EPD)
Soil > BKFIBtS:',' ,- < '" *--*= <
Organic
Hatter
(percent)
Midpoint Estimate 4.
Estimated Range 2.
6.
Note: use Intrpt command to quit
1 of 6 ) Zone
Wilting Field
Point wlpt&aw -.
0.16914 0.41914 0
0.09954 0.29954 0
0.23873 0.53873 0
display and return to
> SUR Depth 17.8
Capacity
10 bar -.33 bar
.44293 0.39656
.30805 0.26683
.57781 0.5263
Przm screen.
—INSTRUCT- •
View data in highlighted field.
Use 'Help1 command to see field def inition(s).
Help:|| Next:|| Prev:|| Limits
:i|| Intrpt: i| Status
:|§ Xpad:||! Cmnd
Figure 6.81. Display (EPD) screen for individual soils for the
Przm option of Estimate.
161
-------
X
Pr:m (EP)
Estimate option > WEIGHTED Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
etp:f| Next:f| Prev:f|: Limits:|§ Status:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.82. Przm (EP) screen options selected to display
weighted parameter values.
K
i—Wcight (EPW)
Weighted Estimates from 'n ,.
Number
of soils
Zone averaged
SUR 6
SUB 6
STR 6
INSTRUCT
elP:H Next:f||
Organic
Hatter
(percent)
3.56777
1.18976
0.61107
fi soil(s)
Wilting Field Capacity
Point wlpt&aw -.10 bar -.33 bar
0.15937 0.3391 0.39795 0.35689
0.09242 0.19523 0.24785 0.21477
0.04784 0.0782 0.13376 0.11049
View data in highlighted field.
Use 'Help' command to see field def inition(s).
Limits:!! Status :§!§ Xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.83. Display screen for weighted soils for the Przm
option of Estimate.
162
-------
Since you wish to have parameter estimations for Long Island as a
whole, save the weighted parameter values to a file by entering
SAVE in the second data field. When you have made this
modification, as shown in Figure 6.84, use the Next command to
bring up the Save (EPS) screen. Figure 6.85 shows that the Save
(EPS) screen contains one data field for entering a file name in
which to save the PRZM parameter results. Enter a file name, in
the same manner as shown in Figure 6.86, and then use the Next
command to continue back to the Przm (EP) screen. Since you now
have a file of weighted estimated parameters for the PRZM portion
of the RUSTIC model, leave the PRZM portion of estimate by using
the Prev command from the Przm (EP) screen (Figure 6.87). This now
returns you to the Estimate (E) screen as shown in Figure 6.88.
From here, select the Vadoft option to bring up the Vadoft (EV>
screen. Figure 6.89 shows the Vadoft (EV) screen has the same
format as the Przm (EP) screen. Use the Next command to accept the
initial values of INDIVIDUAL and DISPLAY. The resulting Display
(EVD) screen is shown in Figure 6.90. It shows the estimated
parameters for the VADOFT portion of the RUSTIC model for the first
of six soils (ENFIELD) in the buffer. Use the Intrpt command to
return to the Vadoft (EV) screen.
Estimate option > J8|;'t^l|iPJ||;; Individual - one soil at a time
'""""" Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > SAVE Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:'!! Next:|| Prev:|| Limits:^ Status:|| Xpad:f|f Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.84. Przm (EP) screen options selected to save PRZM
estimates for weighted soils.
163
-------
X
i—Save (EPS)
Name qfjf JJLe^injjhjch to saveJPRZM parameter estimation results?
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next' command t(5 go to next screen when done entering data.
elP:H Hext:li Prev:ll Limits:^ Status:;!! HP^H Cmnd
Figure 6.85. Initial appearance of Save (EPS) screen for the
Przm option of Estimate.
i— Save {EPS)
Hg^gt-lU.Sv1"-"-!11"^1 to%save PRZM parameter estimation results?
SpajMiiKOUt ' " ^ -\\ ; ^ ' ': ,
j.-.v,' +**•,*, ^ffijfj ' •, ^ f % fff
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:H Next:II Prev:ll Llmlts:ll status:|| Xpadrll Cmnd
Figure 6.86. save (EPS) screen modified to save weighted PRZM
parameter estimation results to a file.
164
-------
r-Przm -
Estimate option >
Output option > SAVE
Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
-INSTRUCT-
Enter data in highlighted.field - : estimate soil -water functional relationships
Return - to opening screen
Help:!! Next:
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
H Status:^ Xpad:|| Cmnd
i
Figure 6.88. Selection of tne Vadoft option on the Estimate (E)
screen.
165
-------
i—Vndoft (EV)
Estimate option > li|jj$|ff|pl Individual -
Weighted -
Output option > DISPLAY Display
Save
-I NSTRUCT-
one soil at a time
summary of soils in buffer
table on screen
table in file on disk
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next' command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|| Next:|| Prev:f| Limits:|| Status:|
\ X pad: II Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.89. Vadoft (EV) screen options selected to display
VADOFT estimates for individual soils.
i— Of^plny (FVO) —
Soil > ENFIELD ( 1 of 6 } Zone > SUR Depth > 17.8
Residual Saturated Hydraulic van Genuchten
Water Conduct ivity( cm/day) alpha beta gairnia
Content Rawls Collis
Midpoint Estimate 0.0337 5.9 47. 0.0202 1.37 0.267
Estimated Range 0.0195 1.2 15. 0.0111 1.34 0.251
0.044 26. 120. 0.0341 1.38 0.274
Note: use Intrpt command to quit display and return to Vadoft screen.
INSTRUCT - '
Help:|| Next:||
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
prev:H Ll"m1~ts:li IntrPt:|! status:|| xpad:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.90. Display screen for individual soils for the VADOFT
option of Estimate.
166
-------
Modify this screen to display weighted parameter estimates by
entering WEIGHTED in the first data field. When you have properly
modified the screen, as is shown in Figure 6.91, use the Next
command to bring up the Weight (EVW) screen. Figure 6.92 shows
the Weight (EVW) screen which displays the number of soils used in
the weighting (overall and by zone) as well as the weighted
estimates for each soil zone. Use the Next command to return to
the Vadoft (EV) screen. Since you wish to save the weighted
estimates for the VADOFT portion of the RUSTIC model to a file,
modify the Vadoft (EV) screen to do so by entering SAVE in the
second data field. When you have modified this screen as shown in
Figure 6.93, use the Next command to bring up the Save (EVS)
screen. Figure 6.94 shows the Save (EVS) screen contains one data
field in which to enter a file name to save the weighted estimated
parameters for the VADOFT portion of the RUSTIC model. Enter a
file name in the same manner as Figure 6.95 and then use the Next
command to return to the Vadoft (EV) screen. Since you now have
the weighted estimated parameters for the VADOFT portion of the
RUSTIC model on a file, use the Prev command from the Vadoft' (EV)
screen (Figure 6.96) to leave the VADOFT portion of estimate. This
returns you to the Estimate (E) screen as shown in Figure 6.97.
Use the Return option to get back to the Opening screen. From the
Opening screen, use the Return option, as shown in Figure 6.98.
1
— Vadot t ( LV )
Estimate option > WEIGHTED Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > £lSpLft¥ - Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
Help:|! Next:H Prev:ll Limits:!! Status:!! Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.91. Vadoft (EV) screen options selected to display
weighted parameter values.
167
-------
i— Weight (EVW)
Weighted Estimates from
Number Residual
of soils Water
Zone averaged Content
SUR 6 0.0447
SUB 6 0.046
STR 6 0.0451
IHSTRUHT
6 soil(s)
Saturated Hydraulic
Conduct ivity( cm/day) van Genuchten
Rawls Col I is alpha beta gamma
71. 380. 0.0562 1.36 0.267
140. 550. 0.0749 1.4 0.287
440. 2200. 0.125 1.49 0.331
View data in highlighted field.
Use 'Help' command to see field def inition(s).
Help:||| Next:|![ Liraitsijp Status:fj§ Xpad:|^ Cmnd
Figure 6.92. Display screen for weighted soils for the Vadoft
option of Estimate.
i— Vndoft (EV)
Estimate option > ^HP|Kf Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > SAVE Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use "Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
HelP:H Next:H prev:H Ll"m'ts:ll Status:!! xPad:I§ Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.93. Vadoft (EV) screen options selected to save VADOFT
estimates for weighted soils.
•168
-------
1
Name of file in which to save VADOFT parameter estimation results?
> •/•••• % ^ % ?t ffw -~ ~-~y ~....i.Vf.v.. ^%7. ..,,.,,.,,,,,,,,, .,.,,,,..,,..,,,,,,,, f
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next' command to go to next screen when done entering data.
telp:|! Next:|! Prev:|! Limits:|^ Status:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.94. Initial appearance of Save (EVS) screen for the
Vadoft option of Estimate.
1
Name of file in which to save VADOFT parameter estimation results?
vadpm'^'t" ~ ' _ ' ' '""• " '-'" '"":; , ,
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
telp:|| Next:H Prev:|| Limits:|^ Status:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.95. Save (EVS) screen modified to save weighted VADOFT
parameter estimation results to a file.
169
-------
^
Vnrtnft (F\l}
Estimate option > l|||jllilltl Individual - one soil at a time
Weighted - summary of soils in buffer
Output option > SAVE Display - table on screen
Save - table in file on disk
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
elp:fj Next:||! Prev:H Limits :|| Status:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.96. Vadoft (EV) screen displayed during return to
Estimate (E) screen.
h
Estimate (£)••
Which Estimate option?
Przm - estimate PRZH model parameters
Vadoft - estimate VADOFT model parameters
Functions -tjestimate. soil -water functional relationships
INSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:|| Next:f| Status:|f Xpad:f| Cmnd
Figure 6.97. Selection of the Return option on the Estimate (E)
screen.
170
-------
—Opening screen
**************************************************************
****** WELCOME TO "DBAPE" ******
****** DATE JANUARY 12, 1988, REV. SEPTEMBER 25, 1989 ******
**************************************************************
Select an option.
Analyze - analyze soil property or geographic data base
Estimate - estimate parameter values for RUSTIC
jte^m, -^r^'^attHg: system
—I NSTRUCT
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
telp:f| Next:|!if Status:|| Xpad:||| Cmnd
Figure 6.98,
screen.
Selection of the Return option on the Opening
171
-------
6.3 DISPLAY AND IDENTIFY METEOROLOGIC STATIONS (EXAMPLE 3)
This example assumes you are familiar with how to define and
execute searches of the soils data bases. If you are not, refer
to examples one and two of this chapter as the searches specified
and executed there are similar to the one in this example. It also
assumes you have graphics (GKS) available.
You have been told a study is to be done on soils in Georgia which
support peanuts. Only most likely problem soils are of interest.
Since meteorologic data will be needed for this study, you have
been asked to find not only the soils of interest, but the
meteorologic stations nearest these soils.
Run the program by entering "DBAPE" from the operating system.
Type the following keystrokes to begin defining the search: A D T
N N N P S. Now edit the Select (ADPS)
screen to specify a search for peanuts (Figure 6.99). When done,
use the Next command. Now type the following keystrokes to
continue defining the search: G S. Modify the State (ADGS) screen
to search only the state of Georgia (Figure 6.100). When done, use
the Next command. Now type the following: R F. From the Find (AF)
screen, use the Next command followed by D. From the Display (AFD)
screen, use the Next command. When the map is complete, type R to
return to the Analyze (A) screen. From the Analyze (A) screen,
select the View option as shown in Figure 6.101. The resulting
screen (View (AV)) is shown in Figure 6.102; it contains four menu
options related to viewing the search results. Select the Map
option. The resulting screen (Map (AVM)) is shown in Figure 6.103;
it contains two data fields related to the output of the map.
Since you will be identifying first order stations on the map,
leave the output device as display so that you can interact with
the map on your monitor.' Leave the second data field at a value
of YES so that the first order stations will be displayed. Use the
Next command to continue. Accept the default values on the Display
(AVMD) screen (Figure 6.104) by using the Next command. The map
showing the locations of the soils in the buffer and the first
order stations will now be generated (Figure 6.105) . When the map
is complete, you may move the graphics cursor by using the arrow
keys or a mouse. Move the graphics cursor to a particular point
of interest and then type I to identify the nearest meteorologic
station. The graphics cursor will automatically be moved to the
station and the name of the station will be output to the printer.
When you have identified the stations of interest, type R to exit
the map and return to the View (AV) screen. From the View (AV)
screen (Figure 6.106), select the Return option. From the Analyze
(A) screen (Figure 6.107), select the Return option. Finally, exit
DBAPE by selecting the Return option on the Opening screen (Figure
6.108).
172
-------
—Select (ADPS)
Enter values for desired parameters.
Name --> Hydrologic Group -->none Crop --> 5
Parameter Zone Minimum Maximum True/False
' ftiSn
-------
\\
r-Analyze (A)
Select
Define
an Analyze option.
- search ^criteria
Order - sort buffer on selected' property
Summarize - soils in buffer
View
Buffer
Return
[—STATUS
Type: HL soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 30 soils
INSTRUCT
- individual soil properties
- advanced buffer maintenance
- back to Opening screen
Geographic: St:GA Co:AU •
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: PEANUTS
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elP:H Mext:li status:|| Quiet:If xP3d:|| Cmnd
Figure 6.101.
screen.
Selection of the View option on the Analyze (A)
j-Vieu • jUjje&fci <%siufi:s
Save - details of search results
Hap - showing location of selected soils
Return - to Analyze screen
i— STATUS
Type: ML soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 30 soils
pINSTRUCT
Geographic: St:GA Co:AU
Properties: Name Group: Crop: PEANUTS
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
HelP:li Next:ll status:il Quiet:l! Xpad1!! Cmnd
Figure 6.102.
screen.
Selection of the Map option on the View (AV)
174
-------
t
Map (AVH)
Map output device > l|Si!$i
Show meteorologic locations > YES
CTATM^
Type: ML soil Geographic: St:GA Co: All
Mode: Add to buffer Properties: Name Group: Crop: PEANUTS
Search: Complete
Buffer: 30 soils
INSTRUCT
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
lelp:|| Next:|f Prev:fl Lim'ts:il status:|| Quiet :f$ Xpad:|$i Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.103. Hap (AVM) screen options selected to map locations
of soils and first order stations.
I
Display (AVMD)
State boundary color > §HI11
County boundary color > WHITE
County fill color > RED
County fill type > SOLID
Station marker color > WHITE
STATU0
Type: ML soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 30 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: St:GA Co: All
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: PEANUTS
Enter data in highlighted field(s).
Use carriage return or arrow keys to enter data and move between fields.
Use 'Next1 command to go to next screen when done entering data.
)elp:|| Next:'l| Prev:j
f| Limits:j| Status:^ Quiet:|| Xpad:|| Cmnd Oops
Figure 6.104. Display (AVMD) options selected
locations of soils and first order stations.
for map of
175
-------
Figure 6.
stations,
105. Hap displaying locations of soils and first order
176
-------
,Viru fAV}
Select soil search results View option.
Display - details of search results
Save - details of search results
Map - showing location of selected soils
••"STATUS —
Type: ML soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 30 soils
fMCTIJUpT
Geographic: St:GA Co:AU
Properties: Name Group: Crop: PEANUTS
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
Help:|| Next:ll status:II Quiet:li Xpad:fH Cmnd
Figure 6.106.
screen.
Selection of the Return option on the View (AV)
1
Select an Analyze option.
Define - search criteria
Find - execute specified search
Order - sort buffer on selected property
Summarize - soils in buffer
View - individual soil properties
Buffer - advanced buffer maintenance
setUw' ' ,Vbs<& to..Qj8s»$fl8 ««ee«n
rTATII"!
Type: ML soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 30 soils
IMSTR1IPT
Geographic: St:GA Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: PEANUTS
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
telp:i| Next: || Status :|| Quiet :||i Xpad:jf| Cmnd
Figure 6.107. Selection of the Return option on the Analyze (A)
screen.
177
-------
^
**************************************************************
****** WELCOME TO "DBAPE" ******
****** DATE JANUARY 12, 1988, REV. SEPTEMBER 25, 1989 ******
**************************************************************
Select an option.
Analyze - analyze soil property or geographic data base
Estimate ~ estimate parameter values TOP RUSTIC
STATUS
Type: ML soil
Mode: Add to buffer
Search: Complete
Buffer: 30 soils
INSTRUCT
Geographic: StrGA Co:AU
Properties: Name: Group: Crop: PEANUTS
Select an option using arrow keys
then confirm selection with the F2 key, or
Type the first letter of an option.
elp:|| Next:||| Status :|| Quiet:|S Xpad:gS Cmnd
Figure 6.108.
screen.
Selection of the Return option on the Opening
178
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REFERENCES
1. American National Standards Institute. 1985. Computer
Graphics- Graphical Kernal System (GKS) Functional
: Description. ANSI X3.124-1985, ANSI, Inc., New York, NY.
2. Brooks, R.H. and A.T. Corey. 1964. Hydraulic Properties of
Porous Media. Hydrology Paper NO. 3, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, CO.
3. Brutsaert, W. 1966. Probability Laws for Pore-Size
Distributions. Soil Science 101(2):85-92.
4. Childs, B.C. and N. Collis-George. 1950. The Permeability
of Porous Materials. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
London A201:392-405.
5. Dean, J.D., P.S. Huyakorn, A.S. Donigian, Jr., K.A. Vpos, R.W.
Schanz and Y.J. Meeks. 1989. Risk of Unsaturated/Saturated
Transport and Transformation of Chemical Concentrations
(RUSTIC). Volume I, Theory and Verification. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA. EPA/600/3-
89/048a.
6. El-Kadi, A.I. 1984a. A Computer Program to Estimate the
Parameters of Soil Hydraulic Properties, 'SOIL', Interactive
Version for Mainframe and Minicomputers. IGWMC-PLUTO 6330,
International Ground Water Modeling Center, Holcomb Research
Institute, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN.
7. El-Kadi, A.I. 1984b. Automated Estimation of the Parameters
f of Soil Hydraulic Properties. GWMI 84-12, International
; Ground Water Modeling Center, Holcomb Research Institute,
Butler University, Indianapolis, IN.
8. Farnsworth, R.K., E.S. Thompson and E.L. Peck. 1982.
Evaporation Atlas for the Contiguous 48 United States. NOAA
Technical Report NWS 33, Office of Hydrology, National Weather
Service, Washington, DC.
179
-------
9. Farnsworth, R.K. and E.S. Thompson. 1982. Mean Monthly,
Seasonal, and Annual Pan Evaporation for the United States.
NOAA Technical Report NWS 34, Office of Hydrology, National
Weather Service, Washington, DC.
10. Freeze, R.A. and J.A. Cherry- 1979. Groundwater. Prentice-
Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
11. Hamon, R.W., L.L. Weiss and W.T. Wilson. 1954. insolation
as an Empirical Function of Daily Sunshine Duration. Monthly
Weather Review 82(6):141-146.
12. Kittle, J.L., Jr., P.R. Hummel and J.C. Imhoff. 1989.
.ANNIE-IDE, A System for Developing Interactive User
Interfaces for Environmental Models (Programmers Guide).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA. EPA/600/3-
89/034
13. Kool, J.B. and J.C. Parker. 1988. Analysis of the Inverse
Problem for Transient Unsaturated Flow. Water Resources
Research, 24:817-830.
14. Mualem, Y. 1976. A New Model for Predicting the Hydraulic
Conductivity of Unsaturated Porous Media. Water Resources
Research, 2, 513-521.
15. Penman, H.L. 1948. Natural Evaporation from Open Water,
Bare Soil and Grass. Proceedings of the Royal Society of
London A193:120-145.
16. Rawls W.J., D.L. Brakensiek and K.E. Saxton. 1982.
. Estimation of Soil Water Properties. Trans. ASAE, 25:1316-
1320.
17. Rawls W.J. and D.L. Brakensiek. 1985. Prediction of Soil
Water Properties for Hydrologic Modeling. Proc. Symposium of
Committee on Watershed Management, Irrigation and Drainage
Div., ASCE Convention, Denver, CO.
18. van Genuchten, M.T. 1978. Calculating the Unsaturated
Hydraulic Conductivity with a New Closed-Form Analytical
Model. 78-WR-08, Water Resources Program, Department of
Civil Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.
19. Vauclin, M., R. Havercamp and G. Vachaud. 1979. Resolution
Numerique D'une Equation de Diffusion Non Lineaire, Presses
Universitaires de Grenoble.
180
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20. USDA Soil Conservation Service. 1985. User Manual for
Interactive Soils Databases: National Soil Survey Area
Database, Soil Interpretations Record Database and Plant Name
Database. USDA Soil Conservation Service, Fort Collins, CO.
21. United States Department of Commerce. 1979. Specifications
for County Equivalents of the States of the United States and
the District of Columbia. Federal Information Processing
Standard 6-3, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
22. United States Department of Commerce. 1982. Station
Historical File. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Admin., National Climatic Data Center,
Asheyille, NC.
23; United States Department of Commerce. 1985. Summary of the
Day First Order Data (TD-3210). U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin., National Climatic
Data Center, Asheville, NC.
24. United States Department of Commerce. 1986. Graphical
Kernel System (GKS) Software Standard. Federal Information
Processing Standard Publication 120, National Bureau of
Standards, Washington, DC.
181
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APPENDIX A
PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Development of the DBAPE program was initiated in 1987 as a
component of EPA Contract No. 68-03-6304. The primary objective
of DBAPE was to provide a link between two EPA development
products: environmental data bases and environmental models. At
the onset, the data bases of interest were primarily a geographic
and soils properties data base and a meteorologic data base. Both
are described in more detail in Appendix B. The environmental
model of immediate interest was the RUSTIC model, a newly developed
model which simulates the transport of field-applied pesticides in
the crop root zone, the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone to
a drinking water well, taking into account the effects of
agricultural management practices. Given the extensive scope and
complex nature of the modeling task which RUSTIC addresses, there
was concern among its developers that application of the model
would tax the users' resources and patience to the point where
model use would be discouraged. DBAPE was created to encourage and
support the use of the RUSTIC model by providing an efficient means
to obtain some of the data needed to run the model.
Input requirements for the RUSTIC model include data directly
available from the soils and meteorologic data bases. Included in
this category are percent organic matter for soils and timeseries
of rainfall, air temperature and windspeed. Additional model input
requirements can be satisfied by performing relatively simple
computations on data contained (1) within the sails data base to
obtain values for wilting point, field capacity, residual water
content, the van Genuchten soil water retention parameters and
saturated hydraulic conductivity and (2) within the meteorologic
data base to develop timeseries of evaporation and solar radiation.
In 1988 and 1989, development work continued under EPA Contract
No. 68-03-3513 to enable these capabilities in DBAPE, resulting in
the current version of the program as described in this manual.
During this period the developers have recognized that DBAPE has
utility not only as a support program to RUSTIC, but also as a
stand-alone environment for (1) exploring data bases, (2)
clarifying the impact of data on modeled processes, (3) screening
geographically based data to identify potential sites for model
testing and (4) developing initial guidance on alternative
management strategies. Recognition of this broader utility of
DBAPE has led to a number of its features such as (1) computation
182
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of functional relationships for soil water retention
characteristics, (2) plotting capabilities, and (3) mapping
capabilities. The current version of DBAPE is viewed by its
developers as an initial step toward development of a decision
support system for understanding and modeling subsurface hydrologic
and water quality processes.
183
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APPENDIX B
DATA BASE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTENTS
DBAPE interacts with three data bases: a geographic soils data
base, a soils properties data base and a meteorologic data base.
The development and contents of each of the three data bases is
described below.
SOILS DATA BASES
The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) has developed a national
archival data system which contains both geographic and soils
properties data. At the present time this archive, known as
NSSAD/SIRS (USDA, 1985), has some practical use limitations:
(1) Direct communication between the geographic and soils
properties data bases is not possible.
(2) Interactive on-line searches are costly.
(3) The data base is text-oriented and extremely large.
(4) Portability to new hardware is limited.
NSSAD/SIRS retains data on eight categories of soils which are
designated as PO through P7. The soils data base for DBAPE focuses
on information relevant to agricultural analyses, and hence
includes data from only three of these eight categories. These
are: PI (prime agricultural soils under nonirrigated conditions),
P4 (prime agricultural soils under irrigated conditions) and PO
(other than prime soils).
At the EPA Environmental Research Laboratory in Athens, Georgia,
the data available in NSSAD/SIRS for these three categories were
checked for inconsistencies and missing, repetitious or lumped
data. The data base was then updated and restructured for
efficient use by the DBAPE program.
In addition, the data contained in the PI, P4 and PO categories
were used to help create a customized "most likely to leach" (ML)
data base for use with the DBAPE program. The ML category contains
agricultural soils with characteristics indicative of rapid water
184
-------
movement and minimal chemical sorption potential. Soils which
satisfy all of the following criteria are classified as ML soils
o infiltration capacity greater than 5.0 cm hr"1
o low runoff potential (slope less than 6%)
o minimal clay content in the subsoil (less than 18%)
o infrequent flooding or perched water table conditions
(generally less than 1 event per month)
o organic matter content less than 1%
As is the case with NSSAD/SIRS, the geographic data are stored as
a separate file from the soils properties data in the DBAPE data
base. However, communication between the data files is much
improved.
Both geographic and soils properties data are organized by SCS
series name and number (e.g., Reliance, Soil #P13345). The soil
number consists of a two-character prefix which is the soil
category identifier (PI, P4, PO or ML) followed by one to five
digits which numerically identify the individual soil. The soils
for each category are numbered as follows
soil category
ML
PI
P4
XX
PO
number range
1 - 999
1000 - 4999
5000 - 8999
9000 - 9999
10000 - 19999
The current DBAPE soils data base contains a total of approximately
3000 PI, 1500 P4, 3900 PO and 225 ML soils.
Geographic Soils Data Base
The geographic data base for DBAPE is based on the NSSAD component
of the SCS data archive. A single file contains data for all four
categories of agricultural soils (PI, P4, PO and ML). The file
contains a summary of the density (# of acres) of each of the
approximately 8500 soils on a county basis for the contiguous
United States. Data are not available for a limited number of
counties in which either (1) a census has not been taken for
agricultural soils or (2) they do not exist. Some data were
reported on a multiple or partial county basis (county codes in the
600 series). These data were pro rated equally between the
affected counties. Figure B.I provides a map showing the counties
for which data exist in the DBAPE soils data base. Figure B.2
provides a map showing the counties for which no data exist in the
DBAPE soils data base.
185
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Soils Properties Data Base
The SIRS component of the National Archival Soils Database (NSSAD)
located in Fort Collins, Colorado provides an interpretation of the
soils data record. The SIRS interpretation contains three main
categories. First, the surface zone which consists of the A, E,
AB, and EB horizons and all subdivisions of these horizons.
Second, the subsoil zone which consists of the B horizon and all
its subdivisions. Third, the substratum zone which consists of the
soil below the solum (essentially the C horizon). SIRS, therefore,
is a portrayal of general representation for any particular soil
series. The actual soils data record may contain information on
all horizons and subdivisions for a particular soil series. Many
times the only differentiation among soil horizons (e.g., A, E, AB
and EB) is taxonomical (i.e., color differences) as opposed to
morphological (i.e., texture) making the combination of several
horizons possible. In those cases where significant morphological
differences where found the soils were (e.g.,' a soil with only
surface and subsoil zones was given a substratum). SIRS fulfilled
two objectives for DBAPE. First, a generalized description of the
soil series is provided that can be used for characterizing the
soil for modeling purposes. Second, the size of the database
(there are a total of 9000 series in DBAPE) is reduced, thus
keeping storage and CPU requirements minimal.
The soils properties data base for DBAPE is based on the SIRS
component of the SCS data archive and is contained in five files,
one for each of the three agricultural soil categories, one for
the ML soils and one for soils in multiple files.
186
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01
id
id
+»
nt
•d
w
PM
(0
•P
•H
-------
0)
01
rt
A
«d
H
PI
i
0)
A
-p
a
•H
-------
1
A/iou /AW
DEPTH(CM) CLASS % SAND % CLAY BULK DENS. ORG. MAT. AVAIL H20 HGRP
L H LH LH LH LH
SUR 20.3 3 55 85 10 15 1.201.40 2.0 4.0 0.080.15 A
SUB 76.2 8 55 85 10 15 1.401.60 0.4 1.2 0.080.12
STR 165.1 4 85 87 10 13 1.40 1.60 0.2 0.8 0.01 0.08
POTENTIAL CROPS
1 CORN 4 OATS 9 WHEAT 16 POTATOES
3 GRASS/PAS/HAY
TOTAL ACRES: 26530.
FROM:
NY:ALL
IM^TRIIPT
'Next1 command to go to next screen
telp:|H Next:|| , Prev:|§ Intrpt:fS; Status:|§ Xpad:fH Cmnd Uppg
Figure B.3. Example DBAPE screen showing soils properties for
which data are available in the soils data base.
Figure B.3 illustrates the
types of data available for
each soil in the DBAPE soils
properties data base. Each
soil may contain data for up
to three morphological zones
(surface, subsoil, and
substratum). Definitions for
these zones are provided in
the glossary. For each zone,
characteristics of depth (in
centimeters), textural
classification (e.g., sandy
loam, clay loam, etc.),
particle texture (percent sand
and clay), bulk density
(megagrams per cubic meter),
organic matter (percent), and
available water (cubic meters
water per cubic meter soil
volume) are provided. A list
of the twelve soil texture
classes is provided in Table B.
TABLE B.I. SOIL TEXTURE CLASSES
TEXTURE CODE SOIL TEXTURE
CLASSIFICATION
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
clay
clay loam
loam
loamy, sand
sand
... sandy clay
sandy clay loam
sandy loam
silt
silty clay
silty clay loam
silty loam
1. For each data type, low and high
189
-------
values are given to define a range. In addition to the above
information, the SCS soils hydrologic group (A, B, C or D) and crop
potential (from 65 potential crops) for the soil are also
catalogued. Table B.2 provides a list of the 65 crops for which
data are tabulated. In the SIRS data base no soil was found to
support more than seven out of the potential 65 crops.
Figures B.4 through B.7 delineate all the counties in the United
States for which agricultural data exists for each of the four
soils categories (i.e., PI, P4, PO, ML) in the DBAPE data base.
TABLE B.2 POTENTIAL CROPS TABULATED IN DBAPE SOILS DATA BASE
CODE CROP
CODE CROP
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
corn
cotton
grass/pasture/hay
oats
peanuts
sorghum
soybeans
tobacco
wheat
barley
strawberries
snap beans
cabbage
grapefruit
oranges
potatoes
rice
tomatoes
cranberries
blueberries
sugar cane
flax
pecans
grapes
peaches
peas
red clover seed
filberts
raspberries
sugarbeets
cherries
cucumbers
watermelons
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
lentils
sunflower/
saf flower
apples
pears
garlic
onions
asparagus
mint
lemons
avocados
spinach
cauliflower
celery
apricots
almonds/walnuts
lettuce
peppers
hops
olives
plums
rye
pineapple
cantaloupe
carrots
blackberries
prunes
broccoli
papaya
bananas
artichokes
brussel sprouts
loganberries
190
-------
H
•H
O
03
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a
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192
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193
-------
01
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81
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194
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Meteoroloqic Data Base
Daily timeseries of precipitation, air temperature .and pan
evaporation data are required to use the PRZM portion of the RUSTIC
model. In addition, daily timeseries of windspeed and solar
radiation data are required if the newly developed volatilization
sections of PRZM are to be executed. To facilitate data collection
efforts for RUSTIC applications, a meteorologic data base has been
developed and will be distributed by the Environmental Research
Laboratory, Athens, GA. At the present time, DBAPE has a less
comprehensive linkage to the meteorologic data base than it does
to the soils data bases. Current DBAPE analysis and estimation
capabilities allow interaction with the soils data bases as
follows:
(1) When a geographic search has been completed based on search
attributes contained in the soils data base, DBAPE can
identify and report the NOAA first order meteorologic
station (s) nearest to the geographic area which satisfies the
search criteria. Details for the available meteorologic
stations are supplied in Appendix G.
In addition to the current capabilities, enhancements to DBAPE
which will enable interactive analysis of the meteorologic data
base are pending.
The meteorologic data base is representative of NOAA first order
stations in the contiguous United States. Precipitation, air
temperature and wind data are measured values at each station for
the period of record. Missing values are estimated and filled in
to assure complete records for model use. Evaporation and solar
radiation values are estimated from the measured data.
Evaporation values are estimated by using the Penman (1948)
equation:
Ep =
E*G)/(d
where
E = estimated daily pan evaporation (inches)
Qn = net radiation (langleys)
G = constant, 0.0105 inch Hg/°F
d = slope of curve relating saturation vapor pressure to
temperature
Ea = pan evaporation assuming air temperature equals water
temperature ( inches )
The slope variable d is calculated as
195
-------
d = [4.79878*l010/(Ta + 398 . 36) 2] *eC7482'6/
-------
At. the time of printing of this manual, the distribution strategy
for the meteorologic data base has not been finalized. With the
large number of stations available (approximately 200) and the long
period of record at each station (30 years or more), distribution
of the full data base on floppy disks is impractical. A likely
outcome is that an inventory for the available data will be
distributed with DBAPE, with access to the data allowed through the
computerized bulletin board operated by the EPA's Center for
Exposure Assessment Modeling at the Environmental Research
Laboratory, Athens, GA. Current information about meteorologic
data base access can be obtained from Mr. Robert Carsel at the
Athens Laboratory (phone (404) 546-3476, FTS 250-3476).
197
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APPENDIX C
DBAPE STRUCTURE CHARTS
This appendix contains structure charts for the DBAPE program The
r^hartS ™*r.*sent the hierarchy of the various9 rout inel
a group. Their purpose is to enable the program user to
rCt2S? within its program context so that its
* thVeSJ of tne Program can be better understood.
Each box within a structure chart represents a single subroutine
i*?ther subroutines which are directly below and
*, ' % ThS higher leVel routines Perform the more
general functions, and the lower level routines perform specific
functions. Routines shown on the same level perform functions of
similar detail. All the subroutines shown are "lead" subroutines.
?«Sff S*™?S i™S ^l1 additional subordinate subroutines contained
i^J??- + IE~JDE software- The subordinate subroutines accomplish
specific tasks required for the performance of the more general
functions of the routines by which they are called.
structure chart of the top level subroutines
Figures C.2 through c.5 provide structure charts for the
r ? subroutines contained in the four major sections of the
DBAPE code (DASPEC, DADISP, PRZPRM and VADPRM)
198
-------
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DADISP
display results
from search of
data base
DADIDE
display detailed
information for
soils in data
base
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draw maps showing
geographic
location of
soils in buffer
Figure C.3. structure chart for the DADISP section of DBAPE,
PRZPRH
estimate values
for PRZH
component of
RUSTIC model
PRZEST
parameters
values
model
rs
PRZDIS
display estimated
values for PRZM
parameters
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save PRZH
parameter
estimation
results to a file
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produce areally-
weighted average
values for PRZH
parameters
Figure C.4. Structure chart for the PRZPRM section of DBAPE,
201
-------
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APPENDIX D
COMPUTATION PROCEDURES FOR PARAMETER ESTIMATES
(RATIONALE AND METHODS)
DBAPE can estimate parameter values needed for two submodels of the
RUSTIC model — PRZM, the root zone model and VADOFT, the
unsaturated zone model below the root zone. Value estimates for
the following parameters can be computed
PRZM parameters
o wilting point
o field capacity at -0.33 bar matric potential
o field capacity at -0.10 bar matric potential
VADOFT parameters
o residual water content
o van Genuchten soil water retention parameters
o saturated hydraulic conductivity
In addition to these parameter value estimates DBAPE also can
compute and plot functional relationships for two pairs of water
retention parameters related to unsaturated flow:
o pressure head versus saturation
o saturation versus relative permeability
This appendix explains the rationale and method used to estimate
values for each of the parameters or functional relationships.
Before doing so, however, an explanation of the general approach
used for parameter estimation in DBAPE is warranted.
DBAPE computes both a midpoint estimate and an estimate of value
range for each parameter. Midpoint estimates are computed by using
midpoint values for all independent variables. For example, a
midpoint value for wilting point is computed using midpoint values
of percent sand, percent clay, percent organic matter and bulk
density. Estimates of a "reasonable" range of values for each
parameter are computed by using logical combinations of low and
high values of independent variables to develop extreme values of
the parameter .being estimated. For example, the low end of the
reasonable range of wilting point values for a soil is computed
203
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using high values for percent sand and bulk density and low values
for percent clay and percent organic matter. Note that the
midpoint estimates are not mathematically related to the ranae
estimates. '
Program testing has shown that this approach is consistently
effective in producing an ordered set of midpoint and range
estimates for PRZM model parameters. That is to say, the algorithm
intended to generate a value defining the low end of the range of
values produces a value lower than both the midpoint and high value
estimates; likewise, the algorithm intended to generate a value
defining the high end of the range produces a value higher than
both the low and midpoint estimates.
For many soils, this approach to estimating values works equally
well for the VADOFT model parameters. The equations used to
estimate the parameter values for VADOFT are quite complex
however, and generally contain 9 to 13 terms containing independent
variables. Within a single estimation algorithm, both increments
and decrements to the estimated parameter value are made dependent
on the^ same variables (percent sand, percent clay, total
saturation) . Using strict mathematical means it would be difficult
to identify the absolute lowest and highest values for an estimated
parameter which can be computed for each soil. At EPA laboratory
in Athens, the estimation equations were applied to data for
thousands of soils, and the combinations of low and high values for
independent variables which were most likely to generate range
extremes for each estimated parameter were identified. These
combinations were used in the DBAPE code and are explained in the
estimation procedures for each parameter below. These algorithms,
however, do not always generate an ordered set of midpoint and
range estimates for a parameter. The approach that has been taken
in DBAPE is to compute three estimates for each parameter: an
expected low value, an expected high value and a midpoint estimate.
The midpoint value is reported in DBAPE displays and files as
calculated. If the low estimate computed for a parameter is
greater than the high estimate, the values are reversed in the
range reported in the DBAPE displays and files. If the value
computed using the midpoint estimation technique is lower than the
low range value or higher than the high range value, it replaces
that value in the range reported in the DBAPE output. We believe
that this approach, though it is less than vigorous, still gives
a credible range of values for the parameters for the vast majority
of soils. J *
D.I PRZM PARAMETERS
PRZM model parameters which are estimated by DBAPE are the bulk
soil water retention characteristics field capacity and wilting
point. In the simplified water balance approach used by PRZM,
field capacity is used to define a reference state for predicting
204
-------
percolation. If the soil moisture content is in excess of field
capacity, the excess is allowed to move downward. The lower limit
of soil water content is the wilting point. Details of how field
capacity and wilting point are used to calculate water movement in
PRZM are provided in the RUSTIC code theory documentation (Dean et
al., 1988).
DBAPE estimates wilting point and field capacity using regression
equations developed by Rawls and Brakensiek (1982). The general
form of the regression equation used to estimate these two
parameters is
thetax = a +
[b x S] + [c x C] + [d x M] + [e x D]
where
S = percent sand
C = percent clay
M = percent organic matter
D = bulk density
and a, b, c, d and e are regression coefficients. Sand, clay
organic matter and bulk density data are all available in the soils
properties data base which supports the DBAPE program. Three sets
of regression coefficient values are encoded in DBAPE to allow the
estimation of wilting point at -15.0 bar, and field capacity at
-0.33 bar and -.10 bar, matric potentials. Although the -0.33 bar
content is traditionally used to define field capacity, it has been
determined that for certain soils the -0.10 bar content is more
representative. Consequently, estimates are computed using both
matric potentials.
The midpoint estimates for wilting point and field capacity are
computed using mean values for sand, clay, organic matter and bulk
density. The mean values for these independent variables are
obtained by averaging the low and high values reported for
individual soils in the data base. The low estimates are obtained
by using the high values for sand and bulk density and the low
values for clay and organic matter. The high estimates are
obtained by using the low values of sand and bulk density and the
high values of clay and organic matter. The estimation strategies
for all parameters are summarized in Table D.I.
In addition to the Rawls and Brakensiek regression equations, DBAPE
provides another estimate of field capacity by using the estimated
wilting point value and the available water data contained in the
data base. Using this method, the field capacity for a soil is
computed as the sum of wilting point and available water.
205
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TABLE D.I DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR LOW, MIDPOINT AND HIGH
PARAMETER ESTIMATES
parameter estimate
independent variable value used
sand clay organic bulk
•atter density
wilting point Clow)
(•idpoint)
(high)
field capacity (low)
(Midpoint)
(high)
high low low high
•ean Mean Mean Mean
low high high low
high low low high
•ean nean Mean nean
low high high low
independent variable value used
wilting point available water
field capacity (low) low
(•idpoint) nean
(high) high
low
•ean
high
independent variable value used
sand clay • total saturation
residual water content (low)
(•id)
(high)
van Genuchten alpha (low)
(•id)
(high)
van Genuchten beta (low)
(•id)
(high)
saturated hydraulic
conductivity (low)
(•ed)
(high)
low
•ean
high
high
•ean
low
low
•ean
high
low
•ean
high
high
•ean
low
low
•ean
high
high
•ean
low
high
•ean
low
low
•ean
high
high
•ean
low
low
•ean
high
low
•ean
high
206
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D.2 VADOFT PARAMETERS
VADOFT model parameters which are estimated by DBAPE are the
residual water content, the van Genuchten soil water retention
parameters (alpha, beta, gamma) and saturated hydraulic
conductivity. Values for all these parameters are needed to solve
the classical water flow equations contained in VADOFT. Details
of how the parameters are used to calculate water movement in
VADOFT are provided in the RUSTIC code theory documentation (Dean
et al. , 1988) .
DBAPE estimates values for residual water content, the van
Genuchten parameters alpha and beta, and saturated hydraulic
conductivity using regression equations developed by Rawls and
Brakensiek (1985) . Values for the van Genuchten parameter gamma
are computed directly from estimates of the van Genuchten parameter
beta. The general form of the regression equation used to estimate
the four parameters other than gamma is
f(S,C,Ts) = [b0 + b.,8 •*• b2C + b3Ws + bnS2
b22C2 + b33Ws2
b12SC
b13SWs 4- b23CWs
b112SC
b122SC2 + b233CWs2
22
b2233CWs]
where
S = percent sand
C = percent clay
Ts = total water saturation (porosity)
and all "b" expressions are regression coefficients. Sand and clay
data are directly available from the soils properties data base
which supports the DBAPE program. Total saturation for each soil
is computed directly from the bulk density values contained in the
soils data base. Necessary regression coefficient values have been
encoded in DBAPE to allow the value estimations for the four VADOFT
parameters.
The midpoint estimates for residual water
Genuchten parameters and saturated hydraulic
computed using mean values for sand, clay and
Mean values for sand and clay are obtained by
and high values reported for individual soils
Mean values for total saturation for soils
content, the van
conductivity are
total saturation.
averaging the low
in the data base.
are obtained by
207
-------
averaging the low and high values for total saturation computed
from the bulk density values in the data base. The low estimates
for three of the estimated parameters (residual water content, van
Genuchten beta, saturated hydraulic conductivity) are obtained by
using the low values for sand and total saturation and the high
value for clay. The low estimate for van Genuchten alpha is
computed using the high values of sand and total saturation and the
low value of clay. The high estimates for three of the parameters
(residual water content, van Genuchten beta, saturated hydraulic
conductivity) are obtained by using the high values of sand and
total saturation and the low value of clay. The high estimate of
van Genuchten alpha is computed using the low values of sand and
total saturation and the high value clay. The estimation
strategies for VADOFT parameters also are summarized in Table D.I.
In addition to the Rawls and Brakensiek regression equations, DBAPE
provides another estimate of saturated hydraulic conductivity by
using the series-parallel model formulated by Childs and Collis-
George (1950). Their model provides estimates based on theoretical
considerations rather than empirical data. The computer code used
to perform the Childs and Collis-George estimate of saturated
hydraulic conductivity in DBAPE was extracted and revised from the
International Ground Water Modeling Center computer program SOIL
(El-Kadi, 1984a); the theoretical details of the model are
explained in the SOIL model documentation. Data requirements for
using the Childs and Collis-George model are the soil texture
class, total saturation data and estimated values for residual
water content and the van Genuchten parameters. The soil texture
class data is obtained directly from the DBAPE soils data base; the
total saturation values are computed using the bulk density values
available in the data base, and the values for residual water
content and van Genuchten parameters are estimated as described in
this section. The Childs and Collis-George estimates require that
values be calculated for residual saturation, which is defined as
the residual water content divided by the total saturation. Rather
than using low, midpoint and high estimates of residual water
content, DBAPE uses a mean value for making all estimates of
residual saturation (i.e., low, midpoint, high). This practice is
supported by the research results of Kool and Parker (1988) which
show a lack of sensitivity to residual water content values in such
computations.
The general equation used to compute saturated hydraulic
conductivity from the Childs and Collis-George model is
KS = [TCV2*274.68*(1. - SR) 2*HD]/10000.
where
KS = saturated hydraulic conductivity (cm/hr)
208
-------
SR = residual saturation (residual water content divided by
total saturation "
SW = water saturation (percent)
HD = largest water-occupied pore space
TCV = soil texture-determined coefficient
HD, the largest water-occupied pore space, is computed based on the
estimated values for the three van Genuchten parameters. Twelve
values for TCV, one for each soil texture class, are contained in
a data array within DBAPE; they were evaluated by EPA Athens by
comparing saturated hydraulic conductivity values computed by the
Childs and Collis-George equation with values catalogued in a soils
data base developed by Mualem (1976) . The coefficients are shown
in Table D.2.
TABLE D.2 TEXTURE-DEPENDENT COEFFICIENTS FOR CHILDS AND COLLIS-
GEORGE MODEL
TEXTURE CODE SOIL TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION COEFFICIENT VALUE
01
02
03
04
05
O6
07
08
09
10
11
12
clay
clay
loam
loamy
sand
sandy
sandy
sandy
silt
silty
silty
silty
loam
sand
clay
clay loam
loam
clay
clay loam
loam
60.
10.
10.
8.
10.
1O.
60.
10.
8.
10.
10.
10.
D.3 Functional Relationships for Soil Water Retention Parameters
As explained in Appendix A, DBAPE has been designed not only as a
support program to the RUSTIC model, but also as a stand-alone
environment for exploring data bases and clarifying the impact of
data on modeled processes. To this end we have incorporated the
ability within DBAPE to compute and plot functional relationships
for two pairs of water retention parameters related to unsaturated
flow:
o pressure head versus saturation
o saturation versus relative permeability
209
-------
These^relationships are used by VADOFT to model unsaturated flow.
The first relationship is also computed by the SOIL program (El-
Kadi, 1984b) as aids to visualizing the effects of using alternate
formulations of the soil-water characteristic function (i.e.,
Brooks and Corey, Brutsaert, Vauclin, van Genuchten) on computed
unsaturated flow.
The ability to develop and graphically view the two relationships
is included in DBAPE so that so that one can interact quickly and
repetitively with the soils data base, and thus discern the effects
that selection of different soil data will have on flow
characteristics. We view this capability as useful not only as a
screening activity prior to using the VADOFT component of RUSTIC,
but also for stand-alone, first-cut analysis of unsaturated flow
phenomena.
As is the case with model parameter estimates for PRZM and VADOFT,
low, midpoint, and high estimates of the functional relationships
are computed. For the functional relationship plots, DBAPE plots
the three estimates of the dependent variable against the midpoint
estimates of the independent variable. For example, low, midpoint
and high values of relative permeability are plotted against
midpoint values of saturation.
The pressure head versus saturation function is computed using the
following general equation taken from VADOFT:
SW = (1. -QR)/[(1. + (ALPHA*PSI)NR)HR] + QR
where
SW = water saturation (percent)
QR = residual water content
ALPHA = van Genuchten parameter alpha
NR = van Genuchten parameter beta
MR = van Genuchten parameter gamma
PSI = pressure head (centimeters)
A data array in DBAPE provides twelve values for pressure head
between 1.0 and 100,000. These pressure head values are the
initial independent variable values upon which all other
computations of functional relationships rely. DBAPE allows the
user to interactively adjust the pressure head values to account
for non-zero air entry pressure head if warranted.
The saturation versus relative permeability function is computed
using a second equation extracted from VADOFT:
KRW = SWE°-5*[1,
- (1. - sWE(1-/MR))HR]2
210
-------
where
KRW = relative permeability (cm/hr)
SWE = effective water saturation
MR = van Genuchten parameter gamma
The effective saturation (SWE) is computed as
SWE = (SW - QR)/(1. - QR)
where
SW = water saturation
QR = residual water content
211
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APPENDIX E
STATE AND COUNTY FIPS CODES
This appendix provides the state and county FIPS codes used as
identifiers for both the soils and map boundary data bases. The
FIPS codes were developed by the U.S. Department of Commerce
(1979). Counties are considered to be the "first order
subdivisions" of each state regardless of their local designations
(county, parish, borough, etc). Washington, DC; the independent
cities of the states of Maryland, Missouri, Nevada and Virginia;
the census areas and Boroughs of Alaska; and that part of
Yellowstone National Park in Montana are all identified as county
equivalents.
County codes are assigned uniquely within each state. In other
words, counties in different states have the same code; for
example, Autauga County, Alabama and Apache County, Arizona are
both coded 001. Accordingly, the standard county code must be used
in conjunction with the standard state code.
An asterisk next to the county code and name indicates that no data
is currently available in the DBAPE geographic data base.
212
-------
01 AL ALABAMA
001
003
* 005
* 007
009
* 011
* 013
015
017
019
021
* 023
*;025
027
029
031
033
AUTAUGA
BALDWIN
BARBOUR
BIBB
BLOUNT
BULLOCK
BUTLER
CALHOUN
CHAMBERS
CHEROKEE
CHILTON
CHOCTAW
CLARKE
CLAY
CLEBURNE
COFFEE
COLBERT
035
* 037
039
* 041
043
045
047
049
051
053
055
'057
059
061
063
* 065
067
CONECUH
COOSA
COVINGTON
CRENSHAW
CULLMAN
DALE
DALLAS
DEKALB
ELMORE
ESCAMBJA,
ETOWAH
FAYETTE
.FRANKLIN
GENEVA
GREENE .
HALE
HENRY
069
071
073
:075
077
07?
081
083
* 085
* 087
" °89
* 091
,. 093
,095
097
099
''•- 101
HOUSTON
JACKSON
JEFFERSON
LAHAR
LAUDERDALE
LAWRENCE
LEE • ' • •
LIMESTONE
LOWNDES
MACQN
MADISON" r
"MARENGO"
MARION ,:••••
MARSHALL
MOBILE .
MONROE ' ''
•MONTGOMERY
103
* 105
* 107
* 109
111
* 113
115
117
119
125
127
* 129
* 131
* 133
MORGAN
PERRY
PICKENS
PIKE
RANDOLPH
RUSSELL
ST. CLAIR
SHELBY
SUMTER
TALLADEGA.
TALLAPOOSA
TUSCALObSA
WALKER
WASHINGTON
WILCOX
WINSTON "
04 AZ ARIZONA
,001 APACHE
003 COCHISE
005 COCONINO
007 GILA
009 GRAHAM
011 GREENLEE
013 MARICOPA
015 MOHAVE
017 NAVAJO . :
•01? PIMA " r
021 PINAL ... ...
023 SANTA CRUZ
025 YAVAPAI
027 YUMA
05 AR ARKANSAS
001 ARKANSAS
003 ASHLEY
005 BAXTER
007 BENTON
009 BOONE
011 BRADLEY
013 CALHOUN
015 CARROLL
017 CHICOT
019 CLARK
021 CLAY
023 CLEBURNE
025 CLEVELAND
027 COLUMBIA
029 CONWAY
031 CRAIGHEAD
033 CRAWFORD
035 CRITTENDEN
037 CROSS
039
041
043
045
047
049
051
053
055
057
059
061
063
065
067
069
071
073
075
DALLAS
DESHA
DREW
FAULKNER
FRANKLIN
FULTON
GARLAND
GRANT
GREENE
HEMPSTEAD
HOT SPRING
HOWARD
INDEPENDENCE
IZARD
JACKSON
JEFFERSON
JOHNSON
LAFAYETTE
LAWRENCE
077
079
081
083
085
087
089
091
093
095
* 097
* 099
101
103
105
107
* 109
111
* 113
LEE
LINCOLN
LITTLE RIVER
LOGAN
LONOKE
MADISON
MARION
MILLER
MISSISSIPPI
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
NEVADA
NEWTON
OUACHITA
PERRY
PHILLIPS
PIKE
POINSETT
POLK
115
117
119
121
123
125
* 127
* 129
131
* 133
135
137
* 139
141
143
145
147
149
POPE
PRAIRIE
PULASKI
RANDOLPH
ST. FRANCIS
SALINE
SCOTT
SEARCY
SEBASTIAN
SEVIER
SHARP
STONE
UNION
VAN BUREN
WASHINGTON
WHITE
WOODRUFF
YELL
213
-------
06 CA CALIFORNIA
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
ALAMEDA
ALPINE
AHADOR
BUTTE
CALAVERAS
COLUSA
CONTRA COSTA
DEL NORTH
EL DORADO
FRESNO
GLENN
HUMBOLDT
IMPERIAL
INYO
KERN
031
033
035
037
039
041
043
045
047
049
051
053
055
057
059
KINGS
LAKE
LASSEN
LOS ANGELES
HADERA
HARIN
MARIPOSA
MENDOCINO
MERCED
HOOOC
MONO
MONTEREY
NAPA
NEVADA
ORANGE
061 PLACER
063 PLUMAS
065 RIVERSIDE
067 SACRAMENTO
069 SAN BENITO
071 SAN BERNADINO
073 SAN DIEGO
075 SAN FRANCISCO
077 SAN JOAQUIN
079 SAN LUIS OBISPO
081 SAN MATED
083 SANTA BARBARA
085 SANTA CLARA
087 SANTA CRUZ
089 SHASTA
091 SIERRA
093 SISKIYOU
095 SOLANO
097 SONOMA
099 STANISLAUS
101 SUTTER
103 TEHAHA
105 TRINITY
107 TULARE
109 TUOLUMNE
111 VENTURA
113 YOLO
115 YUBA
08 CO COLORADO
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
031
ADAMS
ALAHOSA
ARAPAHOE
ARCHULETA
BACA
BENT
BOULDER
CHAFFEE
CHEYENNE
CLEAR CREEK
COHEJOS
COSTILLA
CROULEY
CUSTER
DELTA
DENVER
033
035
037
039
041
043
045
047
049
051
053
055
057
059
061
063
DOLORES
DOUGLAS
EAGLE
ELBERT
EL PASO
FREMONT
GARFIELD
GILPIN
GRAND
GUNNISON
HINSOALE
HUERFANO
JACKSON
JEFFERSON
KIOUA
KIT CARSON
065
067
069
071
073
075
077
079
081
083
085
087
089
091
093
095
LAKE
LA PLATA
LARIMER
LAS ANIMAS
LINCOLN
LOGAN
MESA
MINERAL
MOFFAT
MONTEZUMA
MONTROSE
MORGAN
OTERO
OURAY
PARK
PHILLIPS
097
099
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
PITKIN
PROWERS
PUEBLO
RIO BLANCO
RIO GRANDE
ROUTT
SAGAUCHE
SAN JUAN
SAN MIGUEL
SEDGWICK
SUMMIT
TELLER
WASHINGTON
WELD
YUMA
09 CT CONNECTICUT
001 FAIRFIELD
003 HARTFORD
005 LITCHFIELD
007 MIDDLESEX
009 NEW HAVEN
011 NEW LONDON
013 TOLLAND
015 WINDHAM
10 DE DELAWARE
001 KENT 003 NEW CASTLE
005 SUSSEX
11 DC DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
001 WASHINGTON
214
-------
12 FL FLORIDA
001
* 003
005
007
009
011
* 013
015
017
019
* 021
023
* 025
027
* 029
031
033
ALACHUA
BAKER
BAY
BRADFORD
BREVARD
BROWARD
CALHOUN
CHARLOTTE
CITRUS
CLAY
COLLIER
COLUMBIA
DADE
DE SOTO
DIXIE
DUVAL
ESCAMBIA
* 035
* 037
039
* 041
* 043
* 045
* 047
049
051
053
* 055
057
059
061
063
065
* 067
FLAGLER
FRANKLIN
GADSDEN
GILCHRIST
GLADES
GULF
HAMILTON
HARDEE
HENDRY
HERNANDO
HIGHLANDS
HILLSBORO
HOLMES
INDIAN RIVER
JACKSON
JEFFERSON
LAFAYETTE
069
071
073
* 075
* 077
* 079
081
083
085
* 087
* 089
* 091
093
095
097
099
101
LAKE
LEE
LEON
LEVY
LIBERTY
MADISON
MANATEE
MARION
MARTIN
MONROE
NASSAU
OKALOOSA
OKEECHOBEE
ORANGE
OSCEOLA
PALM BEACH
PASCO
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
* 123
* 125
127
* 129
131
133
PINELLAS
POLK
PUTNAM
ST. JOHNS
ST. LUCIE
SANTA ROSA
SARASOTA .
SEMIHOLE
SUMTER
SUWANNEE
TAYLOR
UNION
VOLUSIA
WAKULLA
WALTON
WASHINGTON
13 GA GEORGIA
001 APPLING
003 ATKINSON
005 BACON
007 BAKER
009 BALDWIN
011 BANKS
013 BARROW
* 015 BARTOW
017 BEN HILL
019 BERRIEN
021 BIBB
* 023 BLECKLEY
* 025 BRANTLEY
027 BROOKS
029 BRYAN
031 BULLOCH
033 BURKE
* 035 BUTTS
037 CALHOUN
039 CAMDEN
043 CANDLER
045 CARROLL
* 047 CATOOSA
* 049 CHARLTON
051 CHATHAM
* 053 CHATTAHOOCHEE
055 CHATTOOGA
057 CHEROKEE
059 CLARKE
* 061 CLAY
063 CLAYTON
* 065 CLINCH
067 COBB
069 COFFEE
071 COLQUITT
073 COLUMBIA
075 COOK
077 COWETA
* 079 CRAWFORD
081 CRISP
* 083 DADE
085 DAWSON
* 087 DECATUR
089 DEKALB
* 091 DODGE
093 DOOLY
095 DOUGHERTY
097 DOUGLAS
099 EARLY
* 101 ECHOLS
* 103 EFFINGHAM
105 ELBERT
* 107 EMANUEL
109 EVANS
* 111 FANNIN
113 FAYETTE
115 FLOYD
117 FORSYTH
119 FRANKLIN
121 FULTON
123 GILMER
* 125 GLASCOCK
127 GLYNN
129 GORDON
* 131 GRADY
* 133 GREENE
135 GWINNETT
137 HABERSHAM
139 HALL
* 141 HANCOCK
143 HARALSON
* 145 HARRIS
147 HART
149 HEARD
151 HENRY
153 HOUSTON
155 IRWIN
157 JACKSON
* 159 JASPER
161 JEFF DAVIS
* 163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
* 181
183
185
187
189
191
193
195
* 197
199
201
205
* 207
209
211
* 213
215
* 217
219
221
* 223
225
227
229
231
233
* 235
237
* 239
241
* 243
JEFFERSON
JENKINS
JOHNSON
JONES
LAMAR
LANIER
LAURENS
LEE
LIBERTY
LINCOLN
LONG
LOWNDES
LUMPKIN
MCDUFFIE
MCINTOSH
MACON
MADISON
MARION
MERIWETHER
MILLER
MITCHELL
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
MURRAY
MUSCOGEE
NEWTON
OCONEE
OGLETHORPE
PAULDING
PEACH
PICKENS
PIERCE
PIKE
POLK
PULASKI
PUTNAM
QUITMAN
RABUN
RANDOLPH
245
* 247
249
* 251
253
255
257
* 259
261
* 263
* 265
267
* 269
* 271
273
275
277
279
281
283
285
287
289
* 291
293
* 295
297
* 299
301
303
305
* 307
309
311
* 313
* 315
* 317
319
321
RICHMOND
ROCKDALE
SCHLEY
SCREVEN
SEMINOLE
SPALDING
STEPHENS
STEWART
SUMTER
TALBOT
TALIAFERRO
TATTNALL
TAYLOR
TELFAIR
TERRELL
THOMAS
TIFT
TOOMBS
TOWNS
TREUTLEN
TROUP
TURNER
TWIGGS
UNION
UPSON
WALKER
WALTON
WARE
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WHEELER
WHITE
WHITFIELD
WILCOX
WILKES
WILKINSON
WORTH
215
-------
16 ID IDAHO
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
ADA
ADAMS
BANNOCK
BEAR LAKE
BENEUAH
BINGHAM
BLAINE
BOISE
BONNER
BOONEVILLE
BOUNDARY
* 023
025
027
029
031
* 033
* 035
* 037
039
* 041
* 043
BUTTE
CAMAS
CANYON
CARIBOU
CASSIA
CLARK
CLEARWATER
CUSTER
ELHORE
FRANKLIN
FREMONT
045
* 047
049
051
* 053
055
057
* 059
* 061
063
065
GEM
GOODING
IDAHO
JEFFERSON
JEROME
KOOTENAI
LATAH
LEMHI
LEWIS
LINCOLN
MADISON
067
* 069
* 071
073
075
077
* 079
081
* 083
085
087
MINIDOKA
NEZ PERCE
ONEIDA
OWYHEE
PAYETTE
POWER
SHOSHONE
TETON
TWIN FALLS
VALLEY
WASHINGTON
17 IL ILLINOIS
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
031
033
035
037
039
041
043
045
047
049
051
ADAMS
ALEXANDER
BOND
BOONE
BROWN
BUREAU
CALHOUN
CARROLL
CASS
CHAMPAIGN
CHRISTIAN
CLARK
CLAY
CLINTON
COLES
COOK
CRAWFORD
CUMBERLAND
DEKALB
DEWITT
DOUGLAS
DU PAGE
EDGAR
EDWARDS
EFFINGHAM
FAYETTE
053
* 055
* 057
* 059
* 061
063
065
067
* 069
* 071
073
075
* 077
079
* 081
* 083
* 085
* 087
089
091
* 093
095
097
* 099
101
103
FORD
FRANKLIN
FULTON
GALLATIN
GREENE
GRUNDY
HAMILTON
HANCOCK
HARDIN
HENDERSON
HENRY
IROQUOIS
JACKSON
JASPER
JEFFERSON
JERSEY
JO DAVIES
JOHNSON
KANE
KANKAKEE
KENDALL
KNOX
LAKE
LA SALLE
LAWRENCE
LEE
105
* 107
109
* 111
* 113
115
117
119
121
* 123
125
* 127
* 129
131
133
* 135
137
* 139
141
143
145
147
* 149
* 151
* 153
* 155
LIVINGSTON
LOGAN
MCDONOUGH
MCHENRY
MCLEAN
MACON
MACOUPIN
MADISON
MARION
MARSHALL
MASON
MASSAC
MENARD
MERCER
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
MOULTRIE
OGLE
PEORIA
PERRY
PIATT
PIKE
POPE
PULASKI
PUTNAM
157
159
* 161
163
* 165
167
* 169
171
173
175
* 177
* 179
181
183
* 185
* 187
* 189
* 191
* 193
195
197
199
201
203
RANDOLPH
RICHLAND
ROCK ISLAND
ST. CLAIR
SALINE
SANGAMON
SCHUYLER
SCOTT
SHELBY
STARK
STEPHENSON
TAZEWELL
UNION
VERMILION
WABASH
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WHITE
WHITESIDE
WILL
WILLIAMSON
WINNEBAGO
WOODFORD
216
-------
18 IN INDIANA
001 ADAMS
003 ALLEN
005 BARTHOLOMEW
007 BENTON
009 BLACKFORD
011 BOONE
013 BROWN
015 CARROLL
017 CASS
019 CLARK
021 CLAY
023 CLINTON
025 CRAWFORD
027 DAVIESS
029 DEARBORN
031 DECATUR
033 DEKALB
035 DELAWARE
037 DU80IS
039 ELKHART
041 FAYETTE
043 FLOYD
045 FOUNTAIN
047 FRANKLIN
049 FULTON
051 GIBSON
053 GRANT
055 GREENE
057 HAMILTON
059 HANCOCK
061 HARRISON
063 HENDRICKS
065 HENRY
067 HOWARD
069 HUNTINGTON
071 JACKSON
073 JASPER
075 JAY
077 JEFFERSON
079 JENNINGS
081 JOHNSON
083 KNOX
085 KOSCIUSKO
087 LAGRANGE
089 LAKE
091 LA PORTE
093 LAWRENCE
095 MADISON
097 MARION
099 MARSHALL
101 MARTIN
103 MIAMI
105 MONROE
107 MONTGOMERY
109 MORGAN
111 NEWTON
113 NOBLE
115 OHIO
117 ORANGE
119 OWEN
121 PARKE
123 PERRY
125 PIKE
127 PORTER
129 POSEY
131 PULASKI
133 PUTNAM
135 RANDOLPH
137 RIPLEY
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
* 157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
* 179
181
183
RUSH
ST. JOSEPH
SCOTT
SHELBY
SPENCER
STARKE
STEUBEN
SULLIVAN
SWITZERLAND
TIPPECANOE
TIPTON
UNION
VANDERBURGH
VERMILLION
VI GO
WABASH
WARREN
WARRICK
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WELLS
WHITE
WHITLEY
19 IA IOWA
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
031
033
035
* 037
* 039
041
043
045
047
049
ADAIR
ADAMS
ALLAMAKEE
APPANOOSE
AUDUBON
BENTON
BLACK HAWK
BOONE
BREMER
BUCHANAN
BUENA VISTA
BUTLER
CALHOUN
CARROLL
CASS
CEDAR
CERRO GORDO
CHEROKEE
CHICKASAW
CLARKE
CLAY
CLAYTON
CLINTON
CRAWFORD
DALLAS
* 051
* 053
055
057
059
061
* 063
065
* 067
069
071
073
075
077
079
081
083
085
087
089
091
093
095
097
099
DAVIS
DECATUR
DELAWARE
DES MOINES
DICKINSON
DUBUQUE
EMMET
FAYETTE
FLOYD
FRANKLIN
FREMONT
GREENE
GRUNDY
GUTHRIE
HAMILTON
HANCOCK
HARD IN
HARRISON
HENRY
HOWARD
HUMBOLDT
IDA
IOWA
JACKSON
JASPER
* 101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
* 117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
* 133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
JEFFERSON
JOHNSON
JONES
KEOKUK
KOSSUTH
LEE
LINN
LOUISA
LUCAS
LYON
MADISON
MAHASKA
MARION
MARSHALL
MILLS
MITCHELL
MONONA
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MUSCAT I NE
0 BRIEN
OSCEOLA
PAGE
PALO ALTO
PLYMOUTH
151
153
155
157
159
161
* 163
165
167
169
171
* 173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
191
193
195
* 197
POCAHONTAS
POLK
POTTAWATTAMIE
POWESHIEK
RINGGOLD
SAC
SCOTT
SHELBY
SIOUX
STORY
TAMA
TAYLOR
UNION
VAN BUREN
WAPELLO
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WINNEBAGO
WINNESHIEK
WOODBURY
WORTH
WRIGHT
217
-------
20 KS KANSAS
001 ALLEN
003 ANDERSON
005 ATCHISON
007 BARBER
009 BARTON
011 BOURBON
013 BROWN
015 BUTLER
017 CHASE
019 CHAUTAUQUA
021 CHEROKEE
023 CHEYENNE
025 CLARK
027 CLAY
029 CLOUD
031 COFFEY
033 COHAHCHE
035 COWLEY
037 CRAWFORD
039 DECATUR
041 DICKINSON
043 DOM I PH AM
045 DOUGLAS
047 EDWARDS
049 ELK
051 ELLIS
053 ELLSWORTH
21 KY KENTUCKY
001 ADAIR
* 003 ALLEN
005 ANDERSON
007 BALLARD
009 BARREN
011 BATH
* 013 BELL
015 BOONE
017 BOURBON
019 BOYD
021 BOYLE
* 023 BRACKEN
* 025 BREATHITT
* 027 BRECKINRIDGE
029 BULL ITT
* 031 BUTLER
033 CALDWELL
035 CALLOWAY
037 CAMPBELL
* 039 CARLISLE
041 CARROLL
043 CARTER
* 045 CASEY
047 CHRISTIAN
049 CLARK
* 051 CLAY
* 053 CLINTON
055 CRITTENDEN
* 057 CUMBERLAND
059 DAVIESS
055 FINNEY
057 FORD
059 FRANKLIN
061 GEARY
063 GOVE
065 GRAHAM
067 GRANT
069 GRAY
071 GREELEY
073 GREENWOOD
075 HAMILTON
077 HARPER
079 HARVEY
081 HASKELL
083 HODGEMAN
085 JACKSON
087 JEFFERSON
089 JEWELL
091 JOHNSON
093 KEARNY
095 KINGMAN
097 KIOWA
* 099 LABETTE
101 LANE
103 LEAVENWORTH
105 LINCOLN
107 LINN
* 061 EDMONSON
063 ELLIOTT
065 ESTILL
067 FAYETTE
* 069 FLEMING
* 071 FLOYD
073 FRANKLIN
075 FULTON
077 GALLATIN
* 079 GARRARD
081 GRANT
* 083 GRAVES
085 GRAYSON
087 GREEN
089 GREENUP
091 HANCOCK
093 HARD IN
* 095 HARLAN
097 HARRISON
* 099 HART
101 HENDERSON
* 103 HENRY
* 105 HICKMAN
107 HOPKINS
* 109 JACKSON
111 JEFFERSON
113 JESSAMINE
* 115 JOHNSON
117 KENTON
* 119 KNOTT
109 LOGAN
111 LYON
113 MCPHERSON
115 MARION
117 MARSHALL
119 MEADE
121 MIAMI
123 MITCHELL
125 MONTGOMERY
127 MORRIS
129 MORTON
131 NEMAHA
133 NEOSHO
135 NESS
137 NORTON
139 OSAGE
141 OSBORNE
143 OTTAWA
145 PAWNEE
147 PHILLIPS
149 POTTAWATOMIE
151 PRATT
153 RAWLINS
155 RENO
157 REPUBLIC
159 RICE
161 RILEY
121
123
* 125
* 127
129
131
* 133
* 135
* 137
* 139
141
143
145
147
149
151
* 153
* 155
157
* 159
161
* 163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
KNOX
LARUE
LAUREL
LAWRENCE
LEE
LESLIE
LETCHER
LEWIS
LINCOLN
LIVINGSTON
LOGAN
LYON
MCCRACKEN
MCCREARY
MCLEAN
MADISON
MAGOFFIN
MARION
MARSHALL
MARTIN
MASON
MEADE
MENI FEE
MERCER
METCALFE
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
MUHLENBERG
NELSON
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
201
203
205
207
209
ROOKS
RUSH
RUSSELL
SALINE
SCOTT
SEDGWICK
SEWARD
SHAWNEE
SHERIDAN
SHERMAN
SMITH
STAFFORD
STANTON
STEVENS
SUMNER
THOMAS
TREGO
WABAUNSEE
WALLACE
WASHINGTON
WICHITA
WILSON
WOODSON
WYANDOTTE
181
183
185
187
* 189
191
193
195
* 197
199
* 201
* 203
205
207
209
211
213
215
217
219
221
* 223
225
227
229
231
233
235
* 237
239
NICHOLAS
OHIO
OLDHAM
OWEN
OWSLEY
PENDELTON
PERRY
PIKE
POWELL
PULASKI
ROBERTSON
ROCKCASTLE
ROWAN
RUSSELL
SCOTT
SHELBY
SIMPSON
SPENCER
TAYLOR
TODD
TRIGG
TRIMBLE
UNION
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WHITLEY
WOLFE
WOODFORD
218
-------
22 LA LOUISIANA
001 ACADIA
003 ALLEN
005 ASCENSION
007 ASSUMPTION
009 AVOYELLES
011 BEAUREGARD
013 BIENVILLE
015 BOSSIER
017 CADDO
019 CALCASIEU
021 CALDWELL
023 CAMERON
025 CATAHOULA
027 CLAI BORNE
029 CONCORD I A
031 DE SOTO
033 E BATON ROUGE
035 EAST CARROLL
* 037 EAST FELICIANA
039 EVANGEL I NE
041 FRANKLIN
043 GRANT
045 IBERIA
047 IBERVILLE
* 049 JACKSON
051 JEFFERSON
* 053 JEFFERSON DAVIS
055 LAFAYETTE
057 LAFOURCHE
059 LA SALLE
* 061 LINCOLN
* 063 LIVINGSTON
065 MADISON
067 MOREHOUSE
069 NATCHITOCHES
071 ORLEANS
073 OUACHITA
* 075 PLAQUEMINES
077 POINTE COUPEE
079 RAPIDES
081 RED RIVER
* 083 RICHLAND
* 085 SABINE
087 ST. BERNARD
089 ST. CHARLES
* 091 ST. HELENA
093 ST. JAMES
095 ST. JOHN THE
BAPTIST
097 ST.LANDRY
099 ST. MART IN
101 ST. MARY
103 ST. TAMMANY
105 TANGIPAHOA
107 TENSAS
109 TERREBONNE
* 111 UNION
* 113 VERMILION
* 115 VERNON
* 117 WASHINGTON
* 119 WEBSTER
121 W. BATON ROUGE
123 WEST CARROLL
* 125 WEST FELICIANA
* 127 WINN
23 ME MAINE
001 ANDROSCOGGIN
003 AROOSTOOK
005 CUMBERLAND
007 FRANKLIN
009 HANCOCK
011 KENNEBEC
013 KNOX
015 LINCOLN
017 OXFORD
019 PENOBSCOT
* 021 PISCATAQUIS
023 SAGADAHOC
025 SOMERSET
027 WALDO
* 029 WASHINGTON
031 YORK
24 MD MARYLAND
001 ALLEGANY
003 ANNE ARUNDEL
005 BALTIMORE
009 CALVERT
011 CAROLINE
013 CARROLL
015 CECIL
017 CHARLES
019 DORCHESTER
021 FREDERICK
023 GARRETT
025 HARFORD
027 HOWARD
029 KENT
031 MONTGOMERY
033 PRINCE GEORGES
035 QUEEN ANNES
037 ST. MARYS
039 SOMERSET
041 TALBOT
043 WASHINGTON
045 WI COMICO
047 WORCESTER
* 510 BALTIMORE CITY
25 MA MASSACHUSETTS
001 BARNSTABLE
003 BERKSHIRE
005 BRISTOL
007 DUKES
009 ESSEX
011 FRANKLIN
013 HAMPDEN
015 HAMPSHIRE
* 017 MIDDLESEX
019 NANTUCKET
021 NORFOLK
023 PLYMOUTH
025 SUFFOLK
027 WORCESTER
219
-------
26 MI MICHIGAN
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
031
033
035
037
039
041
ALCONA
ALGER
ALLEGAN
ALPEHA
ANTRIM
ARENAC
BARAGA
BARRY
BAY
BEN2IE
BERRIEH
BRANCH
CALHOUN
CASS
CHARLEVOIX
CHEBOYGAN
CHIPPEWA
CLARE
CLINTON
CRAWFORD
DELTA
043 DICKINSON
045 EATON
047 EMMET
049 GENESEE
051 GLADUIN
053 GOGEBIC
055 GRAND TRAVERSE
057 GRATIOT
059 HILLSDALE
061 HOUGHTON
063 HURON
065 INGHAM
067 IONIA
069 IOSCO
071 IRON
073 ISABELLA
075 JACKSON
077 KALAMAZCO
079 KALKASKA
081 KENT
083 KEWEENAU
085 LAKE
087 LAPEER
089 LEELANAU
091 LENAUEE
093 LIVINGSTON
* 095 LUCE
* 097 MACKINAC
099 MACOMB
* 101 MANISTEE
* 103 MARQUETTE
* 105 MASON
107 MECOSTA
109 MENOMINEE
111 MIDLAND
113 MISSAUKEE
115 MONROE
117 MONTCALM
* 119 MONTMORENCY
121 MUSKEGON
123 NEUAYGO
125 OAKLAND
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
OCEANA
OGEMAU
ONTONAGON
OSCEOLA
OSCODA
OTSEGO
OTTAWA
PRESQUE ISLE
ROSCOMMON
SAGINAW
ST. CLAIR
ST. JOSEPH
SANILAC
SCHOOLCRAFT
SHIAWASSEE
TUSCOLA
VAN BUREN
WASHTENAW
WAYNE
WEXFORD
27 MN MINNESOTA
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
031
033
035
037
039
041
043
AITKIN
ANOKA
BECKER
BELTRAMI
BENTON
BIG STONE
BLUE EARTH
BROWN
CARLTON
CARVER
CASS
CHIPPEUA
CHISAGO
CLAY
CLEARWATER
COOK
COTTONWOOO
CROW WING
DAKOTA
DODGE
DOUGLAS
FARIBAULT
045
047
049
051
053
055
057
059
061
063
065
067
069
071
073
075
077
079
081
083
* 085
FILLMORE
FREEBORN
GOODHUE
GRANT
HENNEPIN
HOUSTON
HUBBARD
ISANTI
ITASCA
JACKSON
KANABEC
KANDIYOHI
KITTSON
KOOCHICHING
LAC QUI PARLE
LAKE
LAKE OF THE
WOODS
LE SUEUR
LINCOLN
LYON
HCLEOO
087
089
091
093
095
097
099
101
103
105
107
109
* 111
113
* 115
117
* 119
121
123
* 125
127
* 129
MAHNOMEN
MARSHALL
MARTIN
MEEKER
MILLE LACS
MORRISON
MOWER
MURRAY
NICOLLET
NOBLES
NORMAN
OLMSTED
OTTER TAIL
PENNINGTON
PINE
PIPESTONE
POLK
POPE
RAMSEY
RED LAKE
REDWOOD
RENVILLE
131
133
* 135
* 137
139
141
* 143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
* 159
161
163
165
167
* 169
171
173
RICE
ROCK
ROSEAU
ST. LOUIS
SCOTT
SHERBURNE
SIBLEY
STEARNS
STEELE
STEVENS
SWIFT
TODD
TRAVERSE
WABASHA
WADENA
WASECA
WASHINGTON
WATONWAN
WILKIN
WINONA
WRIGHT
YELLOW MEDICINE
220
-------
28 MS MISSISSIPPI
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
031
033
035
037
039
041
ADAMS
ALCORN
AMITE
ATTALA
BENTON
BOLIVAR
CALHOUN
CARROLL
CHICKASAW
CHOCTAW ,
CLAIBORNE
CLARKE
CLAY
COAHQMA
COPIAH
COVINGTON
DE SOTO
FORREST
FRANKLIN
GEORGE
GREENE
043
045
047
049
051
053
055
057
059
061
063
065
067
069
071
073
075
077
079
081
083
GRENADA
HANCOCK
HARRISON
HINDS
HOLMES
HUMPHREYS
ISSAQUENA
ITAWAMBA
JACKSON
JASPER
JEFFERSON
JEFFERSON DAVIS
JONES
KEMPER
LAFAYETTE
LAMAR
.LAUDERDALE
LAWRENCE
LEAKE
LEE
LEFLORE
085
087
089
091
093
095
097
099
101
103
105
107
109
* 111
113
115
* 117
119
121
* 123
125
LINCOLN
LOWNDES
MADISON
MARION
MARSHALL
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
NESHOBA
NEWTON
NOXUBEE
OKTIBBEHA
PANOLA
PEARL RIVER
PERRY
PIKE
PONTOTOC
PRENTISS
QUITMAN
RANKIN
SCOTT
SHARKEY
* 127
* 129
* 131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
* 153
155
* 157
159
161
163
SIMPSON
SMITH
STONE
SUNFLOWER
TALLAHATCHIE
TATE
TIPPAH
TISHOMINGO
TUNICA
UNION
WALTHALL
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WILKINSON
WINSTON
YALOBUSHA
YAZOO
29 MO MISSOURI
* 001 ADAIR
003 ANDREW
* 005 ATCHISON
* 007 AUDRAIN
* 009 BARRY
011 BARTON
* 013 BATES
* 015 BENTON
* 017 BOLLINGER
019 BOONE
021 BUCHANAN
023 BUTLER
025 CALDWELL
027 CALLAWAY
* 029 CAMDEN
031 CAPE GIRARDEAU
* 033 CARROLL
035 CARTER
037 CASS
* 039 CEDAR
* 041 CHAR I TON
043 CHRISTIAN
* 045 CLARK
047 CLAY
049 CLINTON
* 051 COLE
* 053 COOPER
* 055 CRAWFORD
* 057 DADE
* 059 DALLAS
061 DAVIESS
063 DEKALB
065 DENT
* 067 DOUGLAS
069 DUNKLIN
071 FRANKLIN
* 073 GASCONADE
075 GENTRY
077 GREENE
* 079 GRUNDY
081 HARRISON
083 HENRY
* 085 HICKORY
087 HOLT
089 HOWARD
* 091 HOWELL
* 093 IRON
095 JACKSON
097 JASPER
* 099 JEFFERSON
101 JOHNSON
103 KNOX
* 105 LACLEDE
107 LAFAYETTE
109 LAWRENCE
111 LEWIS
113 LINCOLN
* 115 LINN
117
* 119
* 121
* 123
* 125
127
* 129
* 131
133
135
137
139
* 141
143
145
147
149
* 151
* 153
155
157
* 159
* 161
* 163
165
* 167
169
* 171
173
LIVINGSTON
MCDONALD
MACON
MADISON
MARIES
MARION
MERCER
MILLER
MISSISSIPPI
MONITEAU
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEW MADRID
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OREGON
OSAGE
OZARK
PEMISCOT
PERRY
PETTIS
PHELPS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PULASKI
PUTNAM
RALLS
175
177
* 179
181
183
185
186
187
189
* 195
197
199
201
203
205
207
* 209
* 211
* 213
* 215
217
219
* 221
223
* 225
227
229
* 510
RANDOLPH
RAY
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
ST CHARLES
ST CLAIR
STE GENEVIEVE
ST FRANCOIS
ST LOUIS
SALINE
SCHUYLER
SCOTLAND
SCOTT
SHANNON
SHELBY
STODDARD
STONE
SULLIVAN
TANEY
TEXAS
VERNON
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WORTH
WRIGHT
ST LOUIS CITY
221
-------
30 MT MONTANA
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
BEAVERHEAD
BIG HORN
BLAINE
BROADWATER
CARBON
CARTER
CASCADE
CHOUTEAU
CUSTER
DANIELS
DAWSOH
DEER LODGE
FALLOW
FERGUS
FLATHEAD
031
033
035
037
039
041
043
045
047
049
051
053
055
057
059
GALLATIN
GARFIELD
GLACIER
GOLDEN VALLEY
GRANITE
HILL
JEFFERSON
JUDITH BASIN
LAKE
LEWIS AND CLARK
LIBERTY
LINCOLN
HCCONE
MADISON
HEAGHER
061
063
065
067
069
071
073
075
077
079
081
083
085
087
089
MINERAL
MISSOULA
MUSSELSHELL
PARK
PETROLEUM
PHILLIPS
PONDERA
POWDER RIVER
POWELL
PRAIRIE
RAVALLI
RICHLAND
ROOSEVELT
ROSEBUD
SANDERS
091
* 093
095
* 097
* 099
* 101
103
105
* 107
109
111
* 113
SHERIDAN
SILVER BOW
STILLWATER
SWEET GRASS
TETON
TOOLE
TREASURE
VALLEY
WHEATLAND
WIBAUX
YELLOWSTONE
YELLOWSTONE
NATL. PARK-PART
31 NE NEBRASKA
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
031
033
035
037
039
041
043
045
047
ADAMS
ANTELOPE
ARTHUR
BANNER
BLAINE
BOONE
BOX BUTTE
BOYD
BROUN
BUFFALO
BURT
BUTLER
CASS
CEDAR
CHASE
CHERRY
CHEYENNE
CLAY
COLFAX
OWING
CUSTER
DAKOTA
DAWES
DAWSOH
049
051
053
055
057
059
061
063
065
067
* 069
071
073
075
077
079
081
083
085
087
089
091
093
095
DEUEL
DIXON
DODGE '
DOUGLAS
DUNDY
FILLMORE
FRANKLIN
FRONTIER
FURNAS
GAGE
GARDEN
GARFIELD
GOSPER
GRANT
GREELEY
HALL
HAMILTON
HARLAN
HAYES
HITCHCOCK
HOLT
HOOKER
HOWARD
JEFFERSON
097
099
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
JOHNSON
KEARNEY
KEITH
KEYA PAHA
KIMBALL
KNOX
LANCASTER
LINCOLN
LOGAN
LOUP
MCPHERSON
MADISON
MERRICK
MORRILL
NANCE
NEMAHA
NUCKOLLS
OTOE
PAWNEE
PERKINS
PHELPS
PIERCE
PLATTE
POLK
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
* 163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
RED WILLOW
RICHARDSON
ROCK
SALINE
SARPY
SAUNDERS
SCOTTS BLUFF
SEWARD
SHERIDAN
SHERMAN
SIOUX
STANTON
THAYER
THOMAS
THURSTON
VALLEY
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WHEELER
YORK
32 NV NEVADA
001 CHURCHILL
003 CLARK
005 DOUGLAS
007 ELKO
009 ESMERALDA
011 EUREKA
* 013 HUMBOLDT
015 LANDER
017 LINCOLN
019 LYON
021 MINERAL
023 NYE
027 PERSHING
029 STOREY
031 WASHOE
033 WHITE PINE
510 CARSON CITY
33 NH NEW HAMPSHIRE
001 BELKNAP
003 CARROLL
005 CHESHIRE
007 COOS
009 GRAFTON
011 HILLSBOROUGH
013 MERRIMACK
015 ROCKINGHAM
017 STRAPFORD
019 SULLIVAN
222
-------
34 NJ NEW JERSEY
001 ATLANTIC
003 BERGEN
005 BURLINGTON
007 CAMDEN
009 CAPE HAY
011 CUMBERLAND
013 ESSEX
015 GLOUCESTER
017 HUDSON
019 HUNTERDON
021 MERCER
023 MIDDLESEX
025 MONMOUTH
027 MORRIS
029 OCEAN
031 PASSAIC
033 SALEM
035 SOMERSET
037 SUSSEX
039 UNION
041 WARREN
35 NM NEW MEXICO
001 BERNALILLO
003 CATRON
005 CHAVES
007 COLFAX
009 CURRY
011 DE BACA
013 DONA ANA
015 EDDY
017 GRANT
019 GUADALUPE
021 HARDING
023 HIDALGO
025 LEA
027 LINCOLN
028 LOS ALAMOS
029 LUNA
031 MCKINLEY
033 MORA
035 OTERO
037 QUAY
039 RIO ARRIBA
041 ROOSEVELT
043 SANDOVAL
045 SAN JUAN
047 SAN MIGUEL
049 SANTA FE
651 SIERRA
053 SOCORRO
055 TAOS
057 TORRANCE
059 UNION
061 VALENCIA
36 NY NEW YORK
* 001
003
* 005
007
* 009
011
* 013
015
017
* 019
021
023
* 025
* 027
029
* 031
ALBANY
ALLEGANY
BRONX
BROOHE
CATTARAUGUS
CAYUGA
CHAUTAUQUA
CHEMUNG
CHENANGO
CLINTON
COLUMBIA
CORTLAND
DELAWARE
DUTCHESS
ERIE
ESSEX
033
035
037
039
041
043
045
047
049
051
053
055
057
059
061
063
FRANKLIN
FULTON
GENESEE
GREENE
HAMILTON
HERKIMER
JEFFERSON
KINGS
LEWIS
LIVINGSTON
MADISON
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
NASSAU
NEW YORK
NIAGARA
065
067
069
071
073
075
077
079
081
083
085
087
089
091
093
095
ONEIDA
ONONDAGA
ONTARIO
ORANGE
ORLEANS
OSUEGO
OTSEGO
PUTNAM
QUEENS
RENSSELAER
RICHMOND
ROCKLAND
ST.LAWRENCE
SARATOGA
SCHENECTADY
SCHOHARIE
097
099
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
SCHUYLER
SENECA
STEUBEN
SUFFOLK
SULLIVAN
TIOGA
TOMPKINS
ULSTER
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WESTCHESTER
WYOMING
YATES
223
-------
37 NC NORTH CAROLINA
001
* 003
005
* 007
009
* 011
013
015
017
019
021
* 023
025
027
* 029
031
* 033
035
* 037
* 039
041
* 043
* 045
047
049
ALAMANCE
ALEXANDER
ALLEGHANY
ANSON
ASHE
AVERY
BEAUFORT
BERTIE
BLADEM
BRUNSWICK
BUNCOMBE
BURKE
CABARRUS
CALDWELL
CAMDEN
CARTERET
CASWELL
CATAWBA
CHATHAM
CHEROKEE
CHOWAM
CLAY
CLEVELAND
COLUMBUS
CRAVEN
051
053
* 055
057
* 059
061
063
065
067
* 069
071
* 073
* 075
* 077
079
081
* 083
085
087
089
091
093
* 095
097
* 099
CUMBERLAND
CURRITUCK
DARE
DAVIDSON
DAVIE
DUPLIN .
DURHAM
EDGECOMBE
FORS'YTH
FRANKLIN
GASTON
GATES
GRAHAM'
GRANVILLE
GREENE
GUILFORD
HALIFAX*
HARNETT
HAYUQOp
HENDERSON
HERTFORD
HOKE
HYDE
IREDELL
JACKSON
101
103
105
107
* 109
* 111
* 113
* 115
117
119
* 121
* 123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
* 149
JOHNSTON
JONES
LEE
LENOIR
LINCOLN
MCDOWELL
MACON
MADISON
MARTIN
MECKLENBURG
MITCHELL
MONTGOMERY
MPQRE
NASH
NEW HANOVER
NORTHAMPTON
ONSLOW
ORANGE
PAMLICO
PASQUOTANK
PENDER
PERQUIMANS
PERSON
PITT
POLK
* 151
* 153
155
157
* 159
* 161
163
165
167
* 169
* 171
* 173
175
177
* 179
181
183
* 185
187
189
191
* 193
195
197
* 199
RANDOLPH
RICHMOND
ROBESON
ROCKINGHAM
ROWAN
RUTHERFORD .
SAMPSON
SCOTLAND ' .
STANLY
STOKES
SURRY
SWAIN
TRANSYLVANIA
TYRRELL
UNION r
VANCE
WAKE
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WATAUGA
WAYNE
WILKES
WILSON
YADKIN
YANCEY
38 ND NORTH DAKOTA
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
ADAMS
BARNES
BENSON
BILLINGS
BOTTINEAU
BOWMAN
BURKE
BURLEIGH
CASS
CAVALIER
DICKEY
DIVIDE
DUNN
EDDY
029
031
033
035
037
039
041
043
045
047
049
051
053
055
EHMONS
FOSTER
GOLDEN VALLEY
GRAND FORKS
GRANT
GRIGGS
HETTINGER .
KIDDER
LA MOURE
LOGAN
MCHENRY
MCINTOSH
MCKENZIE
MCLEAN
057
* 059
* 061
063
065
067
069
071
073
075
077
* 079
081
* 083
MERCER
MORTON
MOUNTRIAL
NELSON
OLIVER ,
PEMBINA
PIERCE
RAMSEY
RANSOM
RENVILLE
RICHLAND
ROLETTE
SARGENT
SHERIDAN
085
087
089
091
093
095
097
099
101
103
105
SIOUX
SLOPE
STARK
STEELE
STUTSMAN
TOWNER
TRAILL
WALSH
WARD
WELLS
WILLIAMS
224
-------
39 OH OHIO
* 001 ADAMS
063 ALLEN
005 ASHLAND
007 ASHTABULA
009 ATHENS
011 AUGLAIZE
013 BELMONT
015 BROWN
017 BUTLER
019 CARROLL
021 CHAMPAIGN
* 023 CLARK
025 CLERMONT
027 CLINTON
029 COLUMBIANA
* 031 COSHOCTON
033 CRAWFORD
035 CUYAHOGA
037 DARKE
039 DEFIANCE
041 DELAWARE
043 ERIE
40 OK OKLAHOMA
001 ADAIR
003 ALFALFA
005 ATOKA
007 BEAVER
009 BECKHAM
011 BLAINE
013 BRYAN
015 CADDO
017 CANADIAN
019 CARTER
021 CHEROKEE
023 CHOCTAW
025 CIMARRON
027 CLEVELAND
029 COAL
031 COMANCHE
033 COTTON
035 CRAIG
037 CREEK
039 CUSTER
41 OR OREGON
* 001 BAKER
003 BENTON
005 CLACKAMAS
007 CLATSOP
009 COLUMBIA
011 COOS
013 CROOK
015 CURRY
017 DESCHUTES
045 FAIRFIELD
047 FAYETTE
049 FRANKLIN
051 FULTON
* 053 GALLIA
055 GEAUGA
057 GREENE
* 059 GUERNSEY
061 HAMILTON
063 HANCOCK
* 065 HARDIN
* 067 HARRISON
069 HENRY
071 HIGHLAND
* 073 HOCKING
* 075 HOLMES
* 077 HURON
079 JACKSON
* 081 JEFFERSON
083 KNOX
085 LAKE
* 087 LAWRENCE
041 DELAWARE
043 DEWEY
045 ELLIS
047 GARFIELD
049 GARVIN
051 GRADY
053 GRANT
055 GREER
057 HARMON
059 HARPER
061 HASKELL
063 HUGHES
065 JACKSON
067 JEFFERSON
069 JOHNSTON
071 KAY
073 KINGFISHER
075 KIOWA
077 LATIMER
079 LE FLORE
019 DOUGLAS
021 GILL I AM
023 GRANT
* 025 HARNEY
027 HOOD RIVER
* 029 JACKSON
* 031 JEFFERSON
033 JOSEPHINE
035 KLAMATH
* 089
091
093
095
097
099
101
103
* 105
107
109
111
113
* 115
* 117
* 119
* 121
123
125
127
129
* 131
LICKING
LOGAN
LORAIN
LUCAS
MADISON
MAHONING
MARION
MEDINA
MEIGS
MERCER
MIAMI
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
MORROW
MUSKINGUM
NOBLE
OTTAWA
PAULDING
PERRY
PICKAWAY
PIKE
081
083
085
087
089
091
093
095
097
099
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
LINCOLN
LOGAN
LOVE
MCCLAIN
MCCURTAIN
MCINTOSH
MAJOR
MARSHALL
MAYES
MURRAY
MUSKOGEE
NOBLE
NOWATA
OKFUSKEE
OKLAHOMA
OKMULGEE
OSAGE
OTTAWA
PAWNEE
PAYNE
* 037 LAKE
039 LANE
041 LINCOLN
043 LINN
045 MALHEUR
047 MARION
049 MORROW
051 MULTNOMAH
053 POLK
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
* 151
153
PORTAGE
PREBLE
PUTNAM
RICHLAND
ROSS
SANDUSKY
SCIOTO
SENECA
SHELBY
STARK
SUMMIT
TRUMBULL
TUSCARAWAS
UNION
VAN WERT
VINTON
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WILLIAMS
WOOD
WYANDOT
PITTSBURG
PONTOTOC
POTTAWATOMIE
PUSHMATAHA
ROGER MILLS
ROGERS
SEMINOLE
SEQUOYAH
STEPHENS
TEXAS
TILLMAN
TULSA
WAGONER
WASHINGTON
WASHITA
WOODS
WOODWARD
055
057
059
061
063
065
067
069
071
SHERMAN
TILLAMOOK
UMATILLA
UNION
WALLOWA
WASCO
WASHINGTON
WHEELER
YAMHILL
225
-------
42 PA PENNSYLVANIA
001
003
005
007
009
011
013
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
031
033
ADAMS
ALLEGHENY
ARMSTRONG
BEAVER
BEDFORD
BERKS
BLAIR
BRADFORD
BUCKS
BUTLER
CAMBRIA
CAMERON
CARBON
CENTRE
CHESTER
CLARION
CLEARFIELD
035 CLINTON
037 COLUMBIA
039 CRAWFORD
041 CUMBERLAND
043 DAUPHIN
045 DELAWARE
047 ELK
049 ERIE
051 FAYETTE
053 FOREST
055 FRANKLIN
057 FULTON
059 GREENE
061 HUNTINGDON
063 INDIANA
065 JEFFERSON
067 JUNIATA
069 LACKAWANNA
071 LANCASTER
073 LAWRENCE
075 LEBANON
077 LEHIGH
079 LUZERNE
081 LYCOMING
083 MCKEAN
085 MERCER
087 MIFFLIN
089 MONROE
091 MONTGOMERY
093 MONTOUR
095 NORTHAMPTON
097 NORTHUMBERLAND
099 PERRY
101 PHILADELPHIA
103 PIKE
105 POTTER
107 SCHUYLKILL
109 SNYDER
111 SOMERSET
113 SULLIVAN
115 SUSQUEHANNA
117 TIOGA
119 UNION
121 VENANGO
123 WARREN
125 WASHINGTON
127 WAYNE
129 WESTMORELAND
131 WYOMING
133 YORK
44 RI RHODE ISLAND
001 BRISTOL 005 NEWPORT
003 KENT
007 PROVIDENCE
009 WASHINGTON
45 SC SOUTH CAROLINA
001 ABBEVILLE
003 AIKEN
005 ALLENDALE
007 ANDERSON
009 BAMBERG
011 BARNWELL
013 BEAUFORT
015 BERKELEY
017 CALHOUN
019 CHARLESTON
021 CHEROKEE
023 CHESTER
025
027
029
031
033
035
037
039
041
043
045
047
CHESTERFIELD
CLARENDON
COLLETON
DARLINGTON
DILLON
DORCHESTER
EDGEFIELD
FAIRFIELD
FLORENCE
GEORGETOWN
GREENVILLE
GREENWOOD
049
051
053
055
057
059
061
063
065
067
069
071
HAMPTON
HORRY
JASPER
KERSHAW
LANCASTER
LAURENS
LEE
LEXINGTON
MCCORMICK
MARION
MARLBORO
NEWBERRY
073 OCONEE
075 ORANGEBURG
077 PICKENS
079 RICHLAND
081 SALUDA
083 SPARTANBURG
085 SUMTER
087 UNION
089 WILLIAMSBURG
091 YORK
226
-------
46 SD SOUTH DAKOTA
003
005
007
009
011
01?
015
017
019
021
023
025
027
029
031
033
035
AURORA
BEADLE
BENNETT
BON HOMME
BROOKINGS
BROWN
BRULE
BUFFALO
BUTTE
CAMPBELL
CHARLES MIX
CLARK
CLAY
CODINGTON
CORSON
CUSTER
DAVISON
037
039
041
043
045
047
049
051
053
055
057
059
061
063
065
067
069
DAY
DEUEL
DEWEY
DOUGLAS
EDMUNDS
FALL RIVER
FAULK
GRANT
GREGORY
HAAKON
HAMLIN
HAND
HANSON
HARDING
HUGHES
HUTCHINSON
HYDE
071
073
075
077
079
081
083
085
087
089
091
093
095
097
099
101
103
JACKSON
JERAULD
JONES
KINGSBURY
LAKE
LAURENCE
LINCOLN
LYMAN
MCCOOK
MCPHERSON
MARSHALL
MEADE
MELLETTE
MINER
MINNEHAHA
MOODY
PENNINGTON
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
135
137
PERKINS
POTTER
ROBERTS
SANBORN
SHANNON
SPINK
STANLEY
SULLY
TODD
TRIPP
TURNER
UNION
UALWORTH
YANKTON
ZIEBACH
47 TN TENNESSEE
001
003
* 005
* 007
009
011
* 013
* 015
017
* 019
* 021
023
* 025
* 027
029
031
033
* 035
037
039
041
* 043
045
047
ANDERSON
BEDFORD
BENTON
BLEDSOE
BLOUNT
BRADLEY
CAMPBELL
CANNON
CARROLL
CARTER
CHEATHAM
CHESTER
CLAIBORNE
CLAY
COCKE
COFFEE
CROCKETT
CUMBERLAND
DAVIDSON
DECATUR
DICKSON
DEKALB
DYER
FAYETTE
049 FENTRESS
051 FRANKLIN
* 053 GIBSON
055 GILES
* 057 GRAINGER
059 GREENE
* 061 GRUNDY
* 063 HAMBLEN
065 HAMILTON
067 HANCOCK
* 069 HARDEMAN
071 HARDIN
073 HAWKINS
075 HAYWOOD
077 HENDERSON
* 079 HENRY
* 081 HICKMAN
083 HOUSTON
* 085 HUMPHREYS
* 087 JACKSON
* 089 JEFFERSON
091 JOHNSON
* 093 KNOX
095 LAKE
097
099
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
LAUDERDALE
LAWRENCE
LEWIS
LINCOLN
LOUDON
MCMINN
MCNAIRY
MACON
MADISON
MARION
MARSHALL
MAURY
MEIGS
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MOORE
MORGAN
OBION
OVERTON
PERRY
PICKETT
POLK
PUTNAM
RHEA
* 145
147
149
* 151
* 153
155
157
* 159
161
163
165
167
169
171
* 173
175
177
179
* 181
* 183
185
187
* 189
ROANE
ROBERTSON
RUTHERFORD
SCOTT
SEQUATCHIE
SEVIER
SHELBY
SMITH
STEWART
SULLIVAN
SUMNER
TIPTON
TROUSDALE
UNICOI
UNION
VAN BUREN
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEAKLEY
WHITE
WILLIAMSON
WILSON
48 TX TEXAS
001 ANDERSON
003 ANDREWS
005 ANGELINA
007 ARANSAS
009 ARCHER
011 ARMSTRONG
013 ATASCOSA
015 AUSTIN
017 BAILEY
019 BANDERA
021 BASTROP
023 BAYLOR
025 BEE
027 BELL
029 BEXAR
031 BLANCO
033 BORDEN
035 BOSQUE
037 BOWIE
039 BRAZORIA
227
-------
48 TX TEXAS (continued)
* 041 BRAZOS
* 043 BREWSTER
045 BRISCOE
* 047 BROOKS
049 BROWN
* 051 BURLESON
053 BURNET
055 CALDWELL
057 CALHOUN
059 CALLAHAH
061 CAMERON
063 CAMP
065 CARSON
* 067 CASS
069 CASTRO
071- CHAMBERS
073 CHEROKEE
075 CHILDRESS
077 CLAY
079 COCHRAH
081 COKE
083 COLEHAN
085 COLLIN
087 COLLINGSWORTH
* 089 COLORADO
091 COHAL
093 COMANCHE
095 CONCHO
097 COOKE
099 CORYELL
101 COTTLE
103 CRANE
* 105 CROCKETT
107 CROSBY
* 109 CUtBERSON
111 DALLAM
113 DALLAS
115 DAWSON
117 DEAF SMITH
119 DELTA
121 DENTON
123 DE WITT
125 DICKENS
127 DIMMIT
129 DONLEY
* 131 DUVAL
133 EASTLAND
135 ECTOR
* 137 EDWARDS
139 ELLIS
141 EL PASO
143 ERATH
145 FALLS
* 147 FANNIN
* 149 FAYETTE
151 FISHER
153 FLOYD
155 FOARD
157 FORT BEND
159 FRANKLIN
* 161 FREESTONE
* 163 FRIO
165 GAINES
167 GALVESTON
169 GARZA
171 GILLESPIE
173 GLASSCOCK
* 175 GOLIAD
* 177 GONZALES
179 GRAY
181 GRAYSON
183 GREGG
* 185 GRIMES
187 GUADALUPE
189 HALE
191 HALL
* 193 HAMILTON
195 HANSFORD
197 HARDEHAN
* 199 HARDIN
201 HARRIS
* 203 HARRISON
205 HARTLEY
207 HASKELL
209 HAYS
211 HEMPHILL
213 HENDERSON
215 HIDALGO
217 HILL
219 HOCKLEY
221 HOOD
223 HOPKINS
* 225 HOUSTON
227 HOWARD
* 229 HUDSPETH
231 HUNT
233 HUTCHINSON
235 IRION
* 237 JACK
* 239 JACKSON
241 JASPER
243 JEFF DAVIS
245 JEFFERSON
247 JIM HOGG
249 JIM WELLS
251 JOHNSON
253 JONES
* 255 KARNES
257 KAUFMAN
259 KENDALL
* 261 KENEDY
263 KENT
265 KERR
267 KIMBLE
* 269 KING
271 KINNEY
* 273 KLEBERG
275 KNOX
277 LAMAR
279 LAMB
* 281 LAMPASAS
* 283 LA SALLE
285 LAVACA
* 287 LEE
289 LEON
* 291 LIBERTY
* 293 LIMESTONE
295 LIPSCOMB
* 297 LIVE OAK
* 299 LLANO
* 301 LOVING
303 LUBBOCK
305 LYNN
307 MCCULLOCH
* 309 MCLENNAN
* 311 MCMULLEN
* 313 MADISON
* 315 MARION
317 MARTIN
* 319 MASON
* 321 MATAGORDA
323 MAVERICK
325 MEDINA
327 MENARD
329 MIDLAND
* 331 MILAN
333 MILLS
335 MITCHELL
337 MONTAGUE
339 MONTGOMERY
341 MOORE
343 MORRIS
345 MOTLEY
347 NACOGDOCHES
349 NAVARRO
351 NEWTON
353 NOLAN
355 NUECES
357 OCHILTREE
359 OLDHAM
* 361 ORANGE
'363 PALO PINTO"
365 PANOLA
367 PARKER
369 PARMER
371 PECOS
373 POLK
375 POTTER
* 377 PRESIDIO
379 RAINS
381 RANDALL
* 383 REAGAN
* 385 REAL
387 RED RIVER
389 REEVES
391 REFUGIO
393 ROBERTS
*
*
* 395 ROBERTSON
397 ROCKWALL
399 RUNNELS
401 RUSK
403 SABINE
* 405 SAN AUGUSTINE
407 SAN JACINTO
409 SAN PAIRICIO
411 SAN SABA
413 SCHLEICHER
415 SCURRY
417 SHACKELFORD
* 419 SHELBY
421 SHERMAN
* 423 SMITH
425 SOMERVELL
427 STARR
* 429 STEPHENS
431 STERLING
433 STONEWALL
435 SUTTON
437 SWISHER
439 TARRANT
441 TAYLOR
443 TERRELL
445 TERRY
* 447 THROCKMORTON
449 TITUS
451 TOM GREEN
453 TRAVIS
* 455 TRINITY
* 457 TYLER
459 UPSHUR
* 461 UPTON
463 UVALDE
465 VAL VERDE
* 467 VAN ZANDT
469 VICTORIA
471 WALKER
473 WALLER
475 WARD
477 WASHINGTON
479 WEBB
481 WHARTON
483 WHEELER
485 WICHITA
487 WILBARGER
489 WILLACY
491 WILLIAMSON
493 WILSON
* 495 WINKLER
497 WISE
* 499 WOOD
501 YOAKUM
* 503 YOUNG
* 505 ZAPATA
507 ZAVALA
228
-------
49 UT UTAH
001 BEAVER
003 BOX ELDER
005 CACHE
007 CARBON
* 009 DAGGETT
011 DAVIS
* 013 DUCHESNE
015 EMERY
017 GARFIELD
019 GRAND
021 IRON
023 JUAB
025 KANE
027 MILLARD
029 MORGAN
031 PIUTE
033 RICH
035 SALT LAKE
037 SAN JUAN
039 SANPETE
* 041 SEVIER
* 043 SUMMIT
* 045 TOOELE
* 047 UINTAH
049 UTAH
051 WASATCH
053 WASHINGTON
055 WAYNE
057 WEBER
50 VT VERMONT
001 ADDISON
003 BENNINGTON
* 005 CALEDONIA
007 CHITTENDEN
* 009 ESSEX
011 FRANKLIN
013 GRAND ISLE
015 LAMOILLE
017 ORANGE
019 ORLEANS
021 RUTLAND
* 023 WASHINGTON
025 WINDHAM
027 WINDSOR
51 VA VIRGINIA
001 ACCOMACK
003 ALBERMARLE
* 005 ALLEGHANY
* 007 AMELIA
* 009 AMHERST
* 011 APPOMATTOX
* 013 ARLINGTON
015 AUGUSTA
* 017 BATH
019 BEDFORD
* 021 BLAND
* 023 BOTETOURT
* 025 BRUNSWICK
* 027 BUCHANAN
* 029 BUCKINGHAM
031 CAMPBELL
* 033 CAROLINE
035 CARROLL
037 CHARLES CITY
039 CHARLOTTE
041 CHESTERFIELD
043 CLARKE
* 045 CRAIG
047 CULPEPER
* 049 CUMBERLAND
* 051 DICKENSON
* 053 DINWIDDIE
057 ESSEX
059 FAIRFAX
061 FAUQUIER
* 063 FLOYD
065 FLUVANNA
* 067 FRANKLIN
069 FREDERICK
071 GILES
073 GLOUCHESTER
075 GOOCHLAND
* 077 GRAYSON
079 GREENE
081 GREENSVILLE
* 083 HALIFAX
085 HANOVER
087 HENRI CO
* 089 HENRY
* 091 HIGHLAND
093 ISLE OF WIGHT
095 JAMES CITY
* 097 KING AND QUEEN
099 KING GEORGE
* 101 KING WILLIAM
103 LANCASTER
* 105 LEE
107 LOUDOUN
109 LOUISA
111 LUNENBURG
113 MADISON
115 MATHEWS
117 MECKLENBURG
119 MIDDLESEX
121 MONTGOMERY
125 NELSON
127 NEW KENT
131 NORTHAMPTON
133 NORTHUMBERLAND
135 NOTTOWAY
137 ORANGE
* 139 PAGE
* 141 PATRICK
* 143 PITTSYLVANIA
145 POWHATAN
147 PRINCE EDWARD
149 PRINCE GEORGE
153 PRINCE WILLIAM
155 PULASKI
157 RAPPAHANNOCK
159 RICHMOND
* 161 ROANOKE
* 163 ROCKBRIDGE
165 ROCKINGHAM
* 167 RUSSELL
* 169 SCOTT
171 SHENANDOAH
* 173 SMYTH
* 175 SOUTHAMPTON
177 SPOTSYLVANIA
179 STAFFORD
* 181 SURRY
* 183 SUSSEX
* 185 TAZEWELL
187 WARREN
* 191 WASHINGTON
193 WESTMORELAND
* 195 WISE
* 197 WYTHE
199 YORK
53 WA WASHINGTON
001 ADAMS
003 ASOTIN
005 BENTON
007 CHELAN
009 CLALLAM
011 CLARK
013 COLUMBIA
015 COWLITZ
017 DOUGLAS
019 FERRY
021 FRANKLIN
023 GARFIELD
025 GRANT
027 GRAYS HARBOR
029 ISLAND
031 JEFFERSON
033 KING
035 KITSAP
037 KITTITAS
039 KLICKITAT
041 LEWIS
043 LINCOLN
045 MASON
047 OKANOGAN
049 PACIFIC
051 PEND OREILLE
053 PIERCE
055 SAN JUAN
057 SKAGIT
059 SKAMANIA
061 SNOHOMISH
063 SPOKANE
065 STEVENS
067 THURSTON
069 WAHKIAKUM
071 WALLA WALLA
073 WHATCOM
075 WHITMAN
077 YAKIMA
229
-------
54 WV WEST VIRGINIA
001 BARBOUR
003 BERKELEY
* 005 BOONE
* 007 BRAXTON
009 BROOKE
011 CABELL
* 013 CALHOUN *
* 015 CLAY *
* 017 DOODRIDGE *
019 FAYETTE *
* 021 GILHER
023 GRANT
025 GREENBRIER
027 HAMPSHIRE
55 WI WISCONSIN
001 ADAMS
* 003 ASHLAND
005 BARRON
* 007 BAYFIELD
009 BROWN
011 BUFFALO
013 BURNETT
015 CALUMET *
017 CHIPPEWA *
* 019 CLARK
021 COLUMBIA
023 CRAWFORD
025 DANE
027 DODGE
029 DOOR
* 031 DOUGLAS
033 DUNN
035 EAU CLAIRE
56 WY WYOMING
* 001 ALBANY
003 BIG HORN
005 CAMPBELL *
* 007 CARBON
009 CONVERSE
011 CROOK *
029 HANCOCK
031 HARDY
033 HARRISON
035 JACKSON
037 JEFFERSON
039 KANAWHA
041 LEWIS
043 LINCOLN
045 LOGAN
047 MCDOWELL
049 MARION
051 MARSHALL
053 MASON
055 MERCER
037 FLORENCE
039 FOND DU LAC
041 FOREST
043 GRANT
045 GREEN
047 GREEN LAKE
049 IOWA
051 IRON
053 JACKSON
055 JEFFERSON
057 JUNEAU
059 KENOSHA
061 KEWAUNEE
063 LA CROSSE
065 LAFAYETTE
067 LANGLADE
069 LINCOLN
071 MANITOWOC
013 FREMONT
015 GOSHEN
017 HOT SPRINGS
019 JOHNSON
021 LARAMIE
023 LINCOLN
057
* 059
061
063
065
* 067
069
* 071
073
* 075
077
079
081
083
073
075
077
078
079
081
083
085
087
089
091
093
095
097
099
101
103
105
MINERAL
MINGO
MONONGALIA
MONROE
MORGAN
NICHOLAS
OHIO
PENDLETON
PLEASANTS
POCAHONTAS
PRESTON
PUTNAM
RALEIGH
RANDOLPH
MARATHON
MARINETTE
MARQUETTE
MENOMINEE
MILWAUKEE
MONROE
OCONTO
ONEIDA
OUTAGAMIE
OZAUKEE
PEPIN
PIERCE
POLK
PORTAGE
PRICE
RACINE
RICHLAND
ROCK
085
* 087
089
091
093
095
097
* 099
* 101
* 103
105
107
109
RITCHIE
ROANE
SUMMERS
TAYLORS
TUCKER
TYLER
UPSHUR
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WETZEL
WIRT
WOOD
WYOMING
* 025 NATRONA
* 027 NIOBRARA
* 029 PARK
* 031 PLATTE
033 SHERIDAN
035 SUBLETTE
107 RUSK
109 ST. CROIX
111 SAUK
113 SAWYER
115 SHAWANO
117 SHEBOYGAN
119 TAYLOR
121 TREMPEALEAU
123 VERNON
125 VI LAS
127 WALWORTH
129 WASHBURN
131 WASHINGTON
133 WAUKESHA
135 WAUPACA
137 WAUSHARA
139 WINNEBAGO
141 WOOD
037 SWEETWATER
* 039 TETON
* 041 UINTA
043 WASHAKIE
045 WESTON
230
-------
APPENDIX F
NOAA FIRST ORDER METEOROLOGIC STATIONS
Figure F.1 provides a map showing the location of the NOAA first
order meteorologic stations known to DBAPE. A summary of
information about each station follows.
W13876 AL-Birmingham
W13894 AL-Mobile
W13 8 9 5 AL-Montgomery
W03103 AZ-Flagstaff
W23183 AZ-Phoenix
W23160 AZ-Tuscon
W23194 AZ-Winslow
W23195 AZ-Yuma
W13964 AR-Fort Smith
W13963 AR-Little Rock
W23155 CA-Bakersfield
W23152 CA-Burbank
W93193 CA-Fresno
W23129 CA-Long Beach
W23174 CA-Los Angeles
W23230 CA-Oakland
W24216 CA-Red Bluff
W23232 CA-Sacramento
W23188 CA-San Diego
W23234 CA-San Francisco
W93062 CO-Denver
W23066 CO-Grand Junction
W93058 CO-Pueblo
231
-------
a
Q
O
•P
01
rt
o
•H
•P
flj
4J
0)
O
•H
O
01
4J
I
M
0)
•O
01
M
•H
M-l
§
01
232
-------
W94702
W14740
CT-Bridgeport
CT-Hartford
W13781" DE-Wilmington
W12834 FL-Daytona Beach
W13889 FL-Jacksonville
W12836 FL-Key West
W12839 FL-Miami
W12841 FL-Orlando
W93805 FL-Tallahasse
W12842 FL-Tampa
W12844 FL-West Palm Beach
W13873 GA-Athens
W13874 GA-Atlanta
W03820 GA-Augusta
W93842 GA-Columbus
WO3813 GA-Macon
W03822 GA-Savannah
W24131 ID-Boise
W24156 ID-Pocatello
W14819 IL-Chicago
W14923 IL-Moline
W14842 IL-Peoria
W94822 IL-Rockford
W93822 IL-Springfield
W93817 IN-Evansville
W14827 IN-Fort Wayne
W93819 IN-Indianapolis
W14848 IN-South Bend
W14931 lA-Burlington
W14933 lA-Des Moines
W14943 lA-Sibux City
W94910 lA-Waterloo
W13984 KS-Concordia
W13985 KS-Dodge City
W23065 KS-Goodland
W13996 KS-Topeka
W03928 KS-Wichita
W93820 KY-Lexington
W93821 KY-Louisville
233
-------
W13935 LA-Alexandria
W13970 LA-Baton Rouge
W03937 LA-Lake Charles
W12916 LA-New Orleans
W13957 LA-Shreveport
W14764 ME-Portland
W14739 MA-Boston
W14756 MA-Nantucket
W94746 MA-Worcester
W94849 MI-Alpena
W94847 Mi-Detroit
W14826 Mi-Flint
W94860 Mi-Grand Rapids
W14836 Mi-Lansing
W14 840 MI-Muskegon
W14847 Ml-Sault Ste Marie
W14913 MN-Duluth
W14918 MN-Int Falls
W14922 MN-Minneapolis
W14925 MN-Rochester
W03940 MS-Jackson
W13865 -MS-Meridian
W13983 MO-Columbia
W13988 MO-Kansas City
W13994 MO-Saint Louis
W13995 MO-Springfield
W24033 MT-Billings
W24143 MT-Great Falls
W24144 MT-Helena
W24153 MT-Missoula
W14935 NE-Grand Island
W24023 NE-North Platte
W14942 NE-Omaha
W24028 NE-Scottsbluff
W24121 NV-Elko
W23154 NV-Ely
W23169 NV-Las Vegas
W23185 NV-Reno
W24128 NV-Winnemucca
W14745 NH-Concord
234
-------
W93730 NJ-Atlantic City
W14734 NJ-Newark
W23050 NM-Albuquerque
W23043 NM-Roswell
W14735 NY-Albany
W04725 NY-Binghamton
W14733 NY-Buffalo
W14732 NY-New York
W14768 NY-Rochester
W14771 NY-Syracuse
W93729 NC-Cape Hatteras
W13881 NC-Charlotte
W13723 NC-Greensboro
W13722 NC-Raleigh-Durham
W13748 NC-Wilmington
W93807 NC-Winston-Salem
W24011 ND-Bismarck
W14914 ND-Fargo
W94014 ND-Williston
W14895 OH-Akron Canton
W14820 OH-Cleveland
W14821 OH-Columbus
W93815 OH-Vandalia
W94830 OH-Toleda
W14852 OH-Youngstown
W13967 OK-Oklahoma City
W13968 OK-Tulsa
W94224 OR-Astoria
W24225 OR-Medford
W24155 OR-Pendleton
W24229 OR-Portland
W24232 OR-Salem
W14737 PA-Allentown
W14860 PA-Erie
W14751 PA-Harrisburg
W13739 PA-Philadelphia
W94823 PA-Pittsburgh
W14777 PA-Scranton
W14778 PA-Williamsport
W14778 RI-Providence
235
-------
W13880 SC-Charleston
W13883 SC-Columbia
W03870 SC-Greenville-Spart.
W14936 SD-Huron
W14944 SD-Sioux Falls
W13877 TN-Bristol
W13882 TN-Chattanooga
W13891 TN-Knoxville
W13893 TN-Memphis
W13897 TN-Nashville
W13962 TX-Abilene
W23047 TX-Amarillo
W13958 TX-Austin
W12919 TX-Brownsville
W12924 TX-Corpus Christ!
W13960 TX-Dallas
W23044 TX-E1 Paso
W03927 .TX-Fort Worth
W12945 TX-Houston
W23042 TX-Lubbock
W23023 TX-Midland
W12917 TX-Port Arthur
W23034 TX-San Angelo
W12921 TX-San Antonio
W12912 TX-Victoria
W13959 TX-Waco
W13966 TX-Wichita Falls
W24127 UT-Salt Lake City
236
-------
W14742 VT-Burlington
Wl3 7 3 3 VA-Lynchburg
W13737 VA-Norfolk
W13740 VA-Richmond
W13741 VA-Roanoke
W13743 VA-Washington Nat AP
W24227 WA-Olympia
W24233 WA-Seattle
W24157 WA-Spokane
W24243 WA-Yakima
W13866 WV-Charleston
W13729 WV-Elkins
W14898
W14920
W14837
W14839
W24089
W24018
W24021
W24029
WI-Green Bay
WI-La Crosse
WI-Madison
WI-Milwaukee
WY-Casper
WY-Cheyenne
WY-Lander
WY-Sheridan
237
-------
APPENDIX G
PROGRAM ERROR MESSAGES
Error messages which may occur when running DBAPE can be grouped
into two classes. The first being those messages related to the
system on which DBAPE is being run. These usually occur because
the system has . not been properly configured (or cannot be
configured) to run DBAPE. The second class is related to DBAPE not
being able to function properly due to missing files.
Error Message
Error in DBAPE
Error number 4001
(PC specific)
Program too big to
fit in memory
(PC specific)
System Errors
Explanation Correction
Your machine is not Locate a machine which
configured with a has a math coprocessor
math coprocessor. or get a math
coprocessor.
Your machine is not Remove any memory
configured with resident programs
enough available loaded at machine
memory. start up.
Verify your machine has
640k of memory.
Error Message
ERROR opening
selected soils
data base(??).
(??—soil category)
DBAPE Errors
Explanation
DBAPE is not able
to locate the
specified data
base
Correction
Use the CREATE program
to generate the needed
data base and make
sure it is in the same
directory as DBAPE.
238
-------
GLOSSARY
assist mode - one of the three communication modes used in DBAPE;
the assist mode enables entry of data into the user scratch pad
assistance window - four-line, middle window of standard DBAPE
screen; may display heilp, limits, status,command definitions ro
scratch pad contents
available water - soil moisture which is useful to plants; i.e.,
the difference between field capacity and wilting point
command line - line at bottom of screen which displays the current
available commands
command mode - one of the three communication modes used in DBAPE;
the command mode enables screen exit, management of the assistance
window and manipulation of the data window
data mode - one of the three communication modes used in DBAPE; the
data mode enables entry of data or selection of menu options in the
data window
data screen - a screen which prompts the user for data entry by
form fill-in in the data window
data window - top window of standard DBAPE screen displaying up to
14 lines of data
field capacity - moisture content of a soil after free drainage has
removed the gravity watier
FTPS code - a set of numeric codes which uniquely identify each
county and state in the United States
hydrologic group - one of the four soil groups (A, B, C, D) used
by the SCS to classify the relative tendency of a soil to produce
infiltration in response to precipitation (A = highest tendency,
D = lowest tendency)
instruct window - bottom window of standard DBAPE screen displaying
(1) instructions for next keystroke or (2) error messages for
incorrect keystrokes
239
-------
menu screen - a screen which prompts the user for decisions by
means of a menu in the data window
pressure head - height that a column of water would attain in a
manometer placed at a given point in a fluid column; pressure head
versus saturation relationship is needed to solve the equation for
unsaturated flow
relative permeability - ratio of effective permeabilty at a given
saturation to effective permeability at residual wetting fluid
saturation
residual saturation - residual water content divided by the total
saturation
residual water content - fraction of soil pore space which is
filled with water after gravity flow has completed
saturation - percent of total available soil pore space which is
occupied by water
saturated hydraulic conductivity - soil-dependent property which
measures the rate of movement of water through the subsurface which
occurs at total saturation (hence, the maximum rate of movement)
scratch pad - a file which the DBAPE user may call up at any time
during an interactive session in order to write or review personal
notes nad reminders
solum - the upper part of a soil profile, above the C horizon, in
which the processes of soil formation are active. The solum in
soil consists of the A, E, and B horizons. Generally, the
characteristics of the material in these horizons are unlike those
of the underlying material. The living roots and plant and animal
activities are largely confined to the solum.
subsoil soil zone - the part of the solum below plow depth (the B
horizon)
substratum soil zone - the part of the soil below the solum
surface soil zone - the A, E, Ab, and EB horizons of the solum
text screen - a screen which reports the results of analysis or
estimation operations
texture class - one of 12 classes of soils (e.g., sandy loam) based
on the relative proportions of sand, silt and clay (see Table B.I
for a full list of soil texture classes)
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wilting point - soil moisure content at which plants can no longer
extract sufficient water from the soil for growth
window - either (1) one of the three bordered subareas of the DBAPE
screen where information is exchanged (data window, assistance
window, instruction window) or (2) a field (1- or 2-D) within the
data window which is specified using the WINDOW command in order
to expedite repetitive; operations during data entry
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S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1990— 758-159/ 00416
US.
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