vv-EPA
United States Atmospheric Research and Exposure EPA/600/4-89/005
Environmental Protection Assessment Laboratory January 1 989
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
Acid Precipitation in
North America:
1986 Annual and
Seasonal Data
Summaries from Acid
Deposition System Data
Base
-------
-------
EPA/600/4-89/005
January 1989
ACID PRECIPITATION IN NORTH AMERICA: I
1986 ANNUAL AND SEASONAL DATA SUMMARIES
FROM ACID DEPOSITION SYSTEM DATA BASE
by
J. K. Sweeney and A. R. Olsen
Pacific Northwest Laboratory
Rich!and, WA 99352
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
under a Related Services Agreement with
U.S. Department of Energy
Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 l
EPA Project Officer
David M. Holland
Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
-------
NOTICE
This document has been reviewed in accordance with the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved
for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use.
n
-------
ABSTRACT
I This report summarizes the 1986 wet deposition precipitation chemistry
data collected in North America and available in the Acid Deposition System
(ADS) data base. Interpretative statistical analyses are not a focus of this
report; however, users of the report will learn about major wet deposition
monitoring networks in North America, the extent of their geographic coverage,
and; general characteristics of wet deposition for 1986. An overview of each
network is given. Annual and seasonal statistical summaries for 1986 are
provided for pH, hydrogen ion (derived from pH) , and the ion species sulfate,
nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride, sodium, magnesium and potassium.
-------
-------
CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT . . . . iii
FIGURES i vii
TABLES ; vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT viii
MONITORING NETWORK DESCRIPTIONS 1
NADP/NTN 1
MAP3S/PCN 2
UAPSP ,i 2
, CAPMoN 3
APIOS I 3
. GLAD i 4
: TVA ,1 . 4
; EPA-SON 5
i REQUESTING ADS DATA < 7
PREPARATION OF DATA SUMMARIES i 9
NETWORK PROTOCOLS AND DATA SCREENING 9
VALID SAMPLE CRITERIA ,i 10
1 SITE REPRESENTATIVENESS ,; 11
DATA COMPLETENESS MEASURES ,; 13
OVERALL DATA QUALITY LEVELS ; 17
1986 ANNUAL AND SEASONAL DATA SUMMARIES 19
; APPLICATION OF SELECTION CRITERIA 19
1 CONTENT OF DATA TABLES ! . . . . 22
: ISOPLETH MAPS FOR 1986 ! 22
BIBLIOGRAPHY i ....... 47
APPENDIX A.
APPENDIX B.
APPENDIX C.
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF SITES IN INDIVIDUAL NETWORKS .... 51
INVENTORY OF WET DEPOSITION SITES IN ADS ORDERED
BY ADS SITE IDENTIFICATION 57
WET DEPOSITION SITE HISTORY INVENTORY ORDERED
BY STATE AND PROVINCE 69
-------
Page
APPENDIX D. ANNUAL AND SEASONAL SUMMARIES FOR 1986 157
pH 159
Hydrogen ion (derived from pH) 195
Sulfate ion 231
Nitrate ion 269
Ammonium ion 306
Calcium ion 342
Magnesium ion 378
Potassium ion . . 414
Sodium ion . 451
Chloride ion 488
VI
-------
FIGURES
Number
3.1 Geographical distribution of all sites in 1986 operating a
full year and the subset of sites meeting annual UDDC criteria
for sulfate 21
3.2 Annual 1986 spatial distribution of (a) precipitation-weighted
pH and (b) hydrogen ion deposition 32
3.3 Winter 1986 spatial distribution of (a) precipitation-weighted
pH and (b) hydrogen ion deposition 33
3.4 Summer 1986 spatial distribution of (a) precipitation-weighted
pH and (b) hydrogen ion deposition 34
3.6 Annual 1986 spatial distribution of sulfate (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition ' 35
3.6 Winter 1986 spatial distribution of sulfate (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration (b) deposition i. 36
3.|7 Summer 1986 spatial distribution of sulfate (a) precjipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition 37
3.8 Annual 1986 spatial distribution of nitrate (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition L 38
3.9 Winter 1986 spatial distribution of nitrate (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition 39
3.10 Summer 1986 spatial distribution of nitrate (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition i
40
3.11 Annual 1986 spatial distribution of ammonium (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition ,i 41
3.12 Winter 1986 spatial distribution of ammonium (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition ; 42
1
3.13 Summer 1986 spatial distribution of ammonium (a) precipitation-
; weighted concentration and (b) deposition 43
3.14 Annual 1986 spatial distribution of calcium (a) precipitation-
; weighted concentration and (b) deposition 44
vn
-------
3.15 Winter 1986 spatial distribution of calcium (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition . 45
3.16 Summer 1986 spatial distribution of calcium (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition . 46
A.I NADP/NTN network site locations identified by ADS site code . . .
A.2 MAP3S/PCN network site locations identified by ADS site code . .
A.3 UAPSP network site locations identified by ADS site code ....
A.4 CAPMoN network site locations identified by ADS site code . . . .
A.5 APIOS daily network site locations identified by ADS site code .
A.6 APIOS cumulative network site locations identified by ADS site
code « -.-...
TABLES
Number
, 53
, 53
, 54
, 54
. 55
. 55
Page
1.1 Wet deposition monitoring networks in the United States
and Canada contributing data to the ADS . 6
1.2 1986 inventory of the ADS data base 7
2.1 UDDC site representativeness rating descripsions .... 12
2.2 Definition of data completeness measures 15
2.3 Data completeness level criteria for seasonal and annual
summaries
16
3.1 Number of sites collecting at lease one sample during the
year
2.4 Overall data quality level 17
.... 19
3.2 Number of sites monitoring precipitation at least 90 percent
of the year 20
3.3 Number of sites meeting annual selection criteria for sulfate ... 20
3.4 Frequency distribution percentiles for annual and seasonal ion
species concentration 30
3.5 Frequency distribution percentiles for annual and seasonal ion
species deposition
31
-------
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I
The data in this report are from the Acid Deposition System (ADS) for
data storage and statistical reporting of atmospheric deposition data.
Established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at the Pacific
Northwest Laboratory, it is funded as part of the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program. ADS provides an integrated, centralized data base for
data collected by atmospheric deposition monitoring networks in North America.
The ADS staff relies on dedicated individuals associated with each of the
contributing networks for guidance in performing the functions associated
with ADS. Without their help and patience our work would be much more
difficult if not impossible. Special appreciation goes to Gwen Scott for
NADP/NTN; Mary Ann Allan for UAPSP; Terry Dana for MAP3S/PCN; Diane Green for
APIOS; and Bob Vet and Bill Sukloff for CAPMoN.
! Our philosophy and efforts on procedures for preparing wet deposition
summaries have been influenced by our participation on the Unified Deposition
Data Base Committee. The committee, initiated by the Canadian
Federal-Provincial Research and Monitoring Coordinating Committee's Atmospheric
Subgroup, proposed precipitation data screening and wet deposition calculation
procedures and recommended site representativeness, data completeness, and
overall data quality ratings which have been utilized in the preparation of
this report.
: This research has been funded as part of the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
-------
-------
; SECTION i ;
: MONITORING NETWORK DESCRIPTIONS
1 The Acid Deposition System (ADS) is an integrated, centralized data
repository for data storage and statistical reporting of atmospheric data
collected by atmospheric deposition monitoring networks in North America.
The purposes of ADS are (1) to facilitate access to deposition data collected
by different organizations, (2) to provide annual statistical summaries of
available data, and (3) to maintain the data for the assessment of long-term
trends. A complete description of ADS is available in a system design and
user's code manual by Watson and 01 sen (1984).
This section gives a brief overview of the monitoring networks currently
providing data to ADS. Networks with 1986 data appearing"in the report are
the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN),
the MAP3S Precipitation Chemistry Network (MAP3S/PCN), the Canadian Air and
Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN), the Acidic Precipitation in Ontario
Study networks (APIOS-D, APIOS-C), and the Utility Acid Precipitation Study
Program (UAPSP). i
i
I Wet deposition monitoring programs are conducted by a number of different
organizations, each of which has its own specific objectives. Table 1.1
summarizes the monitoring networks contributing data to ADS. Other networks
have initiated the process of participating in ADS and will be included in
future reports. The descriptions that follow are not intended to be
comprehensive but only to alert the user that the data summaries are from
sites operated by different networks. Each network establishes its own network
operating protocol to meet its research objectives. A bibliography of network
documentation is given in Section 4.
Geographic locations of monitoring sites associated with each network are
displayed in figures contained in Appendix A. The sites displayed are those
sites that were operational during 1986. Two listings of all sites are
presented in Appendices B and C. The first lists the sites by their arbitrary
ADS identification number. The second orders the sites alphabetically by
state and province. The latter also gives the site history as it is known to
ADS. The sites listed in Appendices B and C represent a complete listing of
all, sites that are or were, at one time, operational for each network.
i I
NADP/NTN
The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) was established in
1978 to monitor trends in precipitation chemistry in the United States. The
NADP was created by the Association of State Agricultural Experiment Stations
(originally as North Central Regional Project NC-141, now Interregional Project
! i
-------
IR-7) to conduct research on atmospheric deposition and its effects in
cooperation with federal, state, and private research agencies. A major . ...
program objective is to discover and characterize spatial and temporal trends
in the chemical climate of North America through the continued development
and maintenance of a deposition monitoring network. Since its inception the
network has grown from 22 operational sites during 1978 to 203 sites in 1986.
In 1982, the NADP assumed the responsibility for coordinating the :
operation of the National Trends Network (NTN) of the federally-supported
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). The merged networks
now have the designation NADP/NTN. .
The NADP/NTN monitoring protocol is based on a weekly (Tuesday to Tuesday)
sampling protocol with wet-only sample collection. The NADP/NTN program
developed and adheres to strict requirements regarding sample collection and
analysis. The requirements assure uniform site criteria, sampling protocol,
analytical chemistry techniques, data handling, and overall network operation.
All NADP/NTN precipitation chemistry samples are analyzed by the Central
Analytical Laboratory at the Illinois State Water Survey, NADP/NTN measures
the following: pH (field and lab), specific conductance (field and lab),
sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium,
and ortho-phosphate.
MAP3S/PCN
The MAP3S Precipitation Chemistry Network (MAP3S/PCN) began in 1976 with
the objective of creating a long-term high-quality data base for the
development of regional transport and deposition models (MAP3S 1982). This
nine-station network, located in the northeastern United States, is designed
to maximize information on regional precipitation chemistry, subject to the
constraints of financial limitations on the number of stations and the
geographical location of skilled operating groups. Precipitation samples
are obtained on an event basis, "event" being defined as any 24-hour period
during which precipitation occurred. Overall network coordination and central
analytical laboratory operation are performed by the Pacific Northwest
Laboratory of the Department of Energy. MAP3S measures the following: pH,
specific conductance, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride, sodium,
potassium, magnesium, ortho-phosphate, nitrite, sulfur-IV (sulfite), aluminum,
and bromine.
UAPSP
The Utility Acid Precipitation Study Program (UAPSP) was established in
1981 to ensure that a precipitation chemistry data base of defined accuracy and
precision would be available. The use of such a data base would include the
evaluation of temporal and geographic variability and trends. Located in the
eastern United States, the UAPSP network has grown from 9 sites to 25 locations
which includes a 5-station set operated by the Electric Power Research
Institute (EPRI) since 1979. In this report, all stations are referred to as
the UAPSP network. During 1979 and 1980 two samplers were collocated at nine
-------
sites. Since then, collocated samplers are maintained at two of the monitoring
stations, with sites rotated yearly.
; The UAPSP samples are collected on a daily basis. The quality of the
sample measurements is controlled by providing standard operating procedures
and staff training on all aspects of the measurement process from sample ,
collection to data recording (Topol 1983a, 1983b, 1983c). Measurements and
data acquisition are conducted by Combustion Engineering Environmental
Monitoring and Services Center. UAPSP measures the following: pH (field and
lab), specific conductance (field and lab), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium,
calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, nitrite, sulfite aluminum,
bromine, ortho-phosphate, strong acid, total acid, acidity, and total organic
carbon.
CAPMoN - '
The Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) designed
by the Atmospheric Environment Service is a regional-scale precipitation and
air monitoring network. CAPMoN began operation in mid-1983 and replaces the
Canadian Network for Sampling Precipitation (CANSAP) and the Air and
Precipitation Network (APN) as Canada's national network for monitoring
regional-scale air and precipitation quality.
: The objectives of CAPMoN are (1) to measure regional-scale spatial and
temporal variations and long-term trends in the chemical composition of air
and precipitation, and wet and dry deposition in all regions of Canada (on
time scales from days to decades). The chemical constituents of concern to
the network are the major ions in precipitation and sulfur and nitrogen
compounds in air, (2) to provide a database for use in the development and
verification of long-range transport models, (3) to provide data for
phenomenological studies, and (4) to provide a set of standard monitors in
all regions of Canada in order to ensure the compatibility of air and
precipitation measurements across the country. (These stations could serve
to link provincial and other networks through co-location of local network
stations at national sites.)
; Precipitation monitoring began with three sites in Eastern Canada, and by
the end of 1986, there were 24 sites in operation. Sampling is carried out
on a daily basis, and the precipitation samples are analyzed at a dedicated
precipitation laboratory. CAPMoN measures the following: pH (lab, ion balance-
corrected and uncorrected), specific conductance (lab), sulfate, nitrate,
ammonium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, ortho-phosphate,
acidity, alkalinity, and calculates sea-salt corrected sulfate.
1 i '
APlOS i
: In 1980, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment established two networks
to monitor both wet and dry deposition of selected ion species. The networks
(one cumulative, one daily) are under the auspices of the Acidic Precipitation
in Ontario Study (APIOS). The purpose of the cumulative network (APIOS-C) is
-------
to determine the long-term deposition pattern in Ontario (Chan, Orr, and Vet
1982a). It sampled on a monthly basis from its inception to the end of 198,1
and then switched to a 28-day sample period on January 5, 1982. The sample
period begins on a Tuesday to facilitate comparison with, NADP stations. The
daily network (APIOS-D), which has a daily sampling protocol, is designed to
define the sector of origin of the ion species at the receptors, as well as
the frequency and intensity of acidic deposition episodes (Chan, Orr and Vet .
1982b).
The APIOS-C network began operation in July 1980 at 30 sites and expanded
to 38 sites by 1986. The sites are selected to be regionally representative.
APIOS-C measures the following: pH,, gran Acidity, total Acidity, specific
conductance, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium,
magnesium, aluminum, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and trace
metals zinc, iron, nickel, copper, lead, cadmium, manganese, and vanadium.,
The APIOS-D network began operation in July 1980 at 8 sites and expanded
to 17 sites by 1986. Four clusters of four samplers each form the basis for
site location. Within each cluster the samplers are separated into two groups
of ,two samplers each. Distances between groups are approximately 50 to 100
km and within groups, 5 to 10 km. At one site, collocated samplers are
operated. APIOS-D measures the following: pH (lab), gran acidity, total
acidity, specific conductance (lab), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium,
chloride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
GLAD
Recognition of the important link between air pollution and the Great
Lakes' water quality has slowly evolved over the past decade. Early studies
on the eutrophication of the Great Lakes revealed that the atmosphere was a
significant source of phosphorus that contaminated these lakes. This discovery
gave birth to the Great Lakes Atmospheric Deposition (GLAD) network in 1976.
During 1980, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National
Program Office assumed responsibility for this network and expanded and
upgraded it to produce higher quality data. A secondary purpose of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's (US-EPA) GLAD network is to collect acid
rain and acid snow data for the National Acid Rain Study. Precipitation
samples are collected weekly, and sent to the Central Regional Laboratory
(CRL) for routine physical/chemical analysis. Glad measures the following:
pH (field and lab), specific conductance (field and lab), sulfate, nitrate,
ammonium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, nitrite, total
Kjeldahl nitrogen, total organic carbon,^Si02, total phosphorus, alkalinity,
acidity, suspended solids, and trace metals mercury, aluminum, barium,
beryllium, cobalt, copper, iron, lithium, manganese, strontium, titanium,
zinc, gold, cadmium, nickel, chromium, silver, and lead.
TVA
In 1971, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) established a wet
precipitation monitoring network. Samples are collected on a bi-weekly basis.
-------
There are 32 stations presently operating. TVA measures the following: pH
(liab), specific conductance (lab), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium,
chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, ortho-phosphate, fluorine, weak
acidity, and strong acidity. . ,
EP'A-SdN "' .-.-.. ,,..; ,,, .....,-;
The EPA state operated network (ERA-SON) is comprised of sites operated
by states and coordinated by EPA region offices. Currently, the network
consists of 27 sites (in EPA Regions III, IV, VI, and VIII) located primarily
in' the eastern and southeastern United States. State agencies provide
personnel to service the sites and submit samples to a central laboratory for
analysis. The EPA regional offices and the Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory (AREAL) coordinate the network and ensure that the data
are carefully validated and meet the requirements for placement in the ADS data
base. The EPA regional offices assist in site selection, operator training,
data processing, coordination of the network, and fund the analysis of samples
through a contracted central laboratory. Global Geochemistry, Corp. The AREAL
provides external quality assurance assistance through a contract with: Research
Triangle Institute (RTI). The EPA-SON network collects weekly precipitation
chemistry samples and measures the following: pH (field and lab), specific
conductance (field and lab), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride,
sodium, potassium, magnesium, strong acid, fluorine, nitrite, ortho-phosphate,
and bromine.
-------
TABLE 1.1. Wet deposition monitoring networks in the United States
and Canada contributing data to the ADS
Network
Abbreviation
MAP3S/PCN
NADP/NTN
UAPSPb
CAPMoNC
APIOS-C
APIOS-D
EPA-SON
GLAD
TVA
Network Name
MAP3S Precipitation
Chemistry Network
National Atmospheric
Deposition Program/
National Trends Network
Utility Acid Precipitation
Study Program
Canadian Air and
Precipitation Monitoring
Network
Acidic Precipitation
in Ontario Study -
Cumulative Network
Acidic Precipitation
in Ontario Study
Daily Network
EPA State Operated
Network
Great Lakes Atmospheric
Deposition
Tennessee Valley
Authority
Start
Date
1976
1978
1978
1983
1980
1980
1982
1980
1971
Number
of Sites
in 1986
9
203
25
24
38
17
27
41
32
Sample
Type
Daily, a
Wet
Weekly,
Wet
Daily, a
Wet
Daily,
Wet
Monthly, d
Wet
Daily,
Wet
Daily,
Wet
Weekly,
Wet
Bi-weekly
Wet
or duration of precipitation event, whichever is greater.
bUAPSP sites prior to 1981 were part of the EPRI/SURE network. The UAPSP
network is scheduled to cease operation on December 31, 1987; on January 1,
1988 the same sites or ones near to the present UAPSP sites will begin
operation as the Operational Evaluation Network.
csome CANSAP and APN sites were transferred to CAPMoN during the period
1983 to 1986; before 1983, CANSAP and APN operated as separate networks.
dSampling interval changed fivj» caiendar month to 28 days in January 1982.
-------
REQUESTING ADS DATA
The ADS data bank offers to researchers without charge standardized data
files on magnetic tape. These files consist of yearly, monthly, quarterly, or
seasonal summaries similar to those contained in this report or raw sample
data ,as it is presented from each network in the ADS format. These files
may aTs'o""'contain additional data which have not been published due to the
fact that some sites have not met the Unified Data Base Committee's summary
criteria. Table 2.2 gives an overview of the data available.
TABLE 1.2. 1986 inventory of the ADS data base
Network
Abbreviation
Sample Data
Coverage
All
Summaries
Raw
Sample Data
NADP/NTN
CAPMoN
iMAP3S/PCN
:APIOS-C
;APIOS-D
'UAPSP
iCANSAP
IAPN
;WISC
,TVA
!EPA-SON
1/78-12/87
6/83-12/86
1/78-12/86
7/80-12/86
7/80-12/86
1/79-12/87
1/72-12/83
1/78-1/83
3/82-6/84
5/78-12/86
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Additional copies of the following reports are also available:
j
Acid Deposition System (ADS) for Statistical Reporting: System
Design and User's Code Manual
1 Acid Precipitation in North America: 1980, 1981 and 1982 Annual
Data Summaries from Acid Deposition System Data Base
: Acid Precipitation in North America: 1983 Annual Data Summary from
Acid Deposition System Data Base
1
Acid Precipitation in North America: 1984 Annual Data Summary from
Acid Deposition System Data Base. ;
Acid Precipitation in North America: 1985 Annual Data Summary from
, Acid Deposition System Data Base.
! .1
These publications and data tapes are available by making a request in writing
to: ADS Coordinator, Computational Sciences Department, Mail Stop Kl-85,
Pacific Northwest Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352. Phone
(509)375-2398.
-------
-------
SECTION ?
PREPARATION OF DATA SUMMARIES
North American wet deposition monitoring networks with 1986 data in ADS
are NADP/NTN, CAPMoN, UAPSP, MAP3S/PCN, arul'APIOS. Annual and seasonal
statistical summaries for 1986 are provided for pH, hydrogen ion (derived
from pH), and the ion species sulfate, nitrate, ammonium,"calcium, chloride,
sodium, magnesium and potassium. This section describes the steps involved
in .the preparation of summaries using unified valid data screening, data
completeness measures, and criteria for reporting a summary.
A major concern associated with any statistical summary is the quality of
the data on which the summaries are based. The data summaries included in
this report are prepared using a general algorithm and framework which
explicitly addresses the concern for data quality. Data quality begins when
networks establish operating protocols, perform data screening and implement
quality control and quality assurance programs. ADS requires that networks
provide documentation on their network operation and that a minimum set of
information accompany each sample result. Hence networks not able to provide
the required information are unable to transfer data to ADS. In preparing
concentration and deposition summaries, four related steps occur. First,
network protocols and data screening procedures are determined and an algorithm
to translate this information along with the sample result to the ADS data
base is constructed. Second, valid sample criteria for the data summary are
determined. Third, data completeness measures for each summary are computed.
Fourth, the data completeness measures and site representativeness are used
to develop criteria for reporting a specific data summary,. The following
sections describe these four steps and the concept of site representativeness.
NETWORK PROTOCOLS AND DATA SCREENING ;
I
: Precipitation chemistry monitoring networks collect precipitation samples
in'the field, transport them to an analytical laboratory for chemical analysis
and report the sample results for others to use. Network specific protocol
procedures are implemented to ensure that data are collected, analyzed and
reported as consistently as possible. Each network uses a different approach
to the screening and subsequent reporting of sampling data. For example,
some networks have rigid screening procedures which a sample must pass before
any data are reported. Other networks may use essentially the same screening
procedures but will report the sample data accompanied by" appropriate notes
even when the sample does not meet the screen ing criteria. These differences
in:network screening and reporting of sample data must be considered when
data from multiple networks are combined for an analysis.
-------
The following is a general discussion of the data screening and reporting
procedures applied in this report. Information is obtained from documentation
available from each network and discussions with network personnel directly
knowledgeable about their screening and reporting procedures.. Most of the
information is used in the transfer of each network's data to a common data
format for wet deposition data used in the ADS data base.
Each network has a chemical analysis laboratory which performs sample
analyses and checks the reasonableness of the sample analysis results using
information available from the analysis. Some networks may use additional
information to initiate a reanalysis. For the current purpose it is sufficient
to state that each network receives data from a chemical analysis laboratory
which has been subjected to internal laboratory checks. The results reported
from the laboratory are assumed to represent the ion species concentration in
the sample as received by the laboratory. All chemical analysis laboratories
used by the networks participate in interlaboratory comparison studies.
Laboratory sample analysis protocols are available from individual network
coordinators.
Each network then combines the sample results from the laboratory with
supporting comments and flags associated with the sample collection effort.
This includes information from the time of field collection until the sample
is analyzed. The information differs widely across the networks, especially
as to how much is recorded in a network data base for others to use. The ADS
data base incorporates all of the comments, codes and flags that are available
from each network in a computerized form. It is assumed that the data sent
to ADS by each network have been subjected to an internal screening process
which is applied to individual samples. That process may result in samples
being declared invalid/suspect and either not being reported or being
appropriately coded.
VALID SAMPLE CRITERIA
Valid sample criteria have been designed to incorporate each network's
comments, codes and flags into the decision process of determining whether an
individual wet deposition sample result is to be included or excluded from a
summary. The discussion on screening for valid samples is stated in terms of
the ADS data base common record format (Watson and 01 sen, 1984) with some
reference to network specific codes as necessary for clarification.
All networks include note codes which are informational in nature. Some
codes denote reasons why sample results are not available or reported. Other
codes describe conditions present in the field, and during sample transit and
sample receipt. Unless explicitly stated elsewhere, these note codes are not
used in determining whether a sample is valid. The basic premise is that each
network has screened individual sample results for possible contamination.
If a sample result passes the network's screening, it is assumed that possible
sample contamination indicated by field or lab comments did not materially
affect the sample ion species concentrations.
10
-------
; _A set of valid sample criteria has been designed for each network. Each
samp e'associated with a sampling period is screened to determine whether the
sample meets, specific criteria. The screening criteria use the informational
comments and codes provided by each network. The criteria are:
: All sampling periods for which it is known that no precipitation
; occurred are considered valid sample periods. This applies
mainly to weekly, monthly and 28-day sampling protocols. For
event and daily sampling protocols the absence of a sample
,.--. record for a, day implies that no precipitation occurred.
,-Th.e wet deposition sample must be a wet-only sample. All
samples identified as bulk, partially bulk or undefined are
invalid.
... Wet deposition samples that have insufficient precipitation to
j , complete a chemical analysis for a specific ion species are
, invalid for that specific ion species. Event/daily samples are
most likely to have this occur. :
* An individual ion species concentration accompanied by a comment
code designating the measurement to be "suspecf'or "invalid" is
declared an invalid sample. Deletion of the ion species
concentration by the network for the same reason has the same
result.
' i ' '
: The actual sampling period for a wet deposition sample must be
; close to the network's protocol sampling period. Specifically
the following conditions lead to an invalid sample:
i
! For NADP/NTN, actual sample period less than 6
days or greater than 8 days. This includes all
NADP/NTN samples coded "LD" with measured
precipitation.
j
: For APIOS-C, actual sample period less than 21
days or greater than 35 days.
SITE REPRESENTATIVENESS
thrhmcrfh .is a function of the representativeness of
the chem stry of the precipitate. This includes consideration of whether
the sampling site is, in some sense, representative of the local regional
orecin??at?nn ?Lt ! Jhem]stry reported for a sample is representative of the
precipitat orv that actually occurred at the site. The latter is not explicitly
addressed in this report but is addressed by each network's siting protocols
The; former, site representativeness, is addressed below. protocols.
A definition of site representativeness implies that specific criteria for
^56"13-1'76"!55 T avai1able- ^e criteria would reflect t ose
that are important for a specific objective, e.g., evaluation of
11 i
-------
spatial patterns in wet deposition over North America. No generally accepted
quantitative or qualitative rating of site representativeness for a 1
precipitation chemistry sites included in the ADS^data base is aval, able.
The concept of site representativeness has been addressed by the Unified
Deposition Data Base Committee. They developed a process for assigning site
representativeness ratings centered around the concept of regionally *
representative" in the context of evaluation of long-range transport models.
Although their assignments reflect only one concept of site representativeness,
thev are included in this report because the concept is important and the
assignments are the only ones currently available. Site representativeness
ratings defined by the Unified Deposition Data Base Committee are given in
Table 2.1. , ,
TABLE 2.1. UDDC site representativeness rating descriptions ;
Description
1
2A
2
2B
3
blank
Regionally representative
Potentially regionally representative
Regional representativeness uncertain
Potentially regionally unrepresentative
Regionally unrepresentative
Representativeness not determined
The assignment of a rating to a site involves evaluation of seven
criteria. If a site fails one or more of the criteria, it is generally
considered to be unrepresentative (rating 3) for monitoring regional-scale
wet deposition. Exceptions occur if previous examination of historical data
from the site or if the judgment of researchers familiar with the site,
indicate that the local interferences are small or, insignificant. The seven
criteria applied are:
No continuous industrial source, a town or suburban, area located
within 10 kilometers.
No major point source (or combination of point sources) with,
emissions greater than 10,000 tons sulfur dioxide or nitric
oxide per year, located within 50 kilometers.
No surface pollutant storage facility (e.g., salt pile) located
within 100 meters.
No transportation sources, furnaces or incinerators located
within 100 meters.
No cultivation or other agricultural activity occurs within 500
meters.
12
-------
No buildings, trees, etc., impinge on the cone defined by a
45 degree angle above the horizonal plane and centered at the
site (30 degrees is considered optimal but 45 degrees is the
highest acceptable angle). ,
No local area dusty conditions due to poor ground cover.
Sites rated 1 meet all of the criteria, i.e., they do not suffer from .
any of the interferences. When insufficient information is available to
conclusively rate a site as 1 or 3, the site is rated as 2. That is the
site fails one or more of the criteria; however, the severity of the'local
influences could not be assessed from the information available. Whenever
possible, a tentative judgment was made to distinguish further with the site
rated as 2A or 2B. In the former case, the local interferences are judqed to
f^ I °ruinsi9nificant and the site is termed potentially representative
( h the latter case, the local interferences are judged to be more of a
problem and the site is termed potentially unrepresentative (2B). In either
ca?e the evaluation of the site did not clearly result in the site being
"blank" 1 °r 3' A S1'te that W3S n0t evaluated 1s assigned a rating of
: A site judged to be regionally unrepresentative can, and usually does
meet the siting criteria adopted by the network operating the site. Moreover
the network siting criteria may be appropriate for the ob-jectives of the
network. Therefore, a site rated 3 can not automatical I/be assumed to be a
rH?Li-r«nH l*iiShalso possible for a site not to meet its network's siting
criteria and still be judged regionally representative. The site
representativeness rating does indicate whether the seven criteria are met
it:is subject to revision as more information about the site becomes available.
DATA COMPLETENESS MEASURES
; Data completeness measures are based on the assumption that the entire
season or year consists of sample periods that account for every day of the
summary period. It is normal for a site to have incomplete information for
sonie precipitation events during a summary period, to deviate from established
collection protocols due to circumstances outside the operator's control or
to collect samples that are subsequently eliminated during the network's'data
screening process. Therefore, it is necessary to establish criteria for
determining when sufficient valid wet deposition data are present to calculate
a meaningful seasonal or annual summary for a site. Data completeness measures
are designed to quantify the amount of information upon which a data summary
is based and enable criteria to be established that indicate the quality of
the summary. Five data completeness measures are proposed: percent
precipitation coverage length, percent total precipitation, percent valid
prrpnf J'i?er^nt °I *ai?P1es W1'th measured precipitation that are valid,
crrrt?nn co1 le^°n efficiency. A sixth measure, percent sea salt
correction 1S applied to sulfate summaries for sites within 100 km of a coast.
13
-------
The data completeness measures reflect the type of problems encountered
when a data user is confronted with an actual wet deposition monitoring_data
set. The measures were motivated by the following questions, all of which
require an answer for the data completeness and temporal representativeness
to be properly assessed: For what portion of the summary period do we know
the amount of precipitation that fell?, What portion of the precipitation
measured is associated with a valid chemical analysis and valid sample?, What
percent of the time during the summary period do these valid samples
represent?, What percent of the total number of actual sample periods with
measured precipitation do these valid samples represent?, What was the
collection efficiency for valid samples, compared to a collocated standard
gage, over the summary period?, and What percentage of the sulfate
concentration is attributable to sea salt due to a site's proximity to the
ocean? Definitions for the six data completeness measures are given in Table
2.2.
The data completeness measures are the basis for assigning a data
completeness level (1 to 4) to each seasonal and annual summary (Table 2.3).
A summary with data completeness level 1 has the best information, or the
highest level of data completeness. The least confidence is given to a summary
with data completeness level 3. Level 4 summaries fail level 3 criteria.
They are viewed as not providing a representative summary for the period and
are not reported in this paper. In order for a data summary to be assigned a
specific level, all criteria listed for the level must be met. The most
favorable level attained is assigned to the summary. A summary that does not
meet one or more of the criteria for level 3 is assigned as level 4.
The collection efficiency data completeness level criteria for a seasonal
summary is relaxed somewhat for Canadian winter summaries compared to other
seasons due to the generally poorer collector performance for snow sampling.
If the criteria for other seasons is applied to winter months when a large
percentage of the precipitation in Canada is in the form of snow, then only a
few locations meet even the level 3 criterion. It is believed that a lower
percentage could be accepted for winter because the problems are primarily
due to undercatch of snow. An under-collected snow sample may reasonably
represent the concentration but not the deposition.
The data completeness level for an annual summary is based on annual
criteria as well as criteria for the four quarters January-March, April-June,
July-September, and October-December which comprise the year. The addition
of quarterly criteria to the annual criteria is to insure that adequate data
from each quarter is present in the annual summary. Because the emphasis is
on insuring adequate data for an annual summary, some quarterly criteria are
relaxed from the seasonal criteria (see Table 2.3).
14
-------
TABLE 2.2. Definition of data completeness measures
Data
Completeness
Measure
Definition
sPCL
%TP
%V$MP
%COLEFF
*SHASALT
Percent precipitation coverage length is the percent
of the summary period for which information on
whether or not precipitation occurred is available.
If precipitation is known to have occurred during a
particular sampling period but no measurement of the
amount is available, then no knowledge of
precipitation is assumed. This measure can be less
than 100% because the site started (stopped) operation
after (before) the beginning of the summary period
or because equipment or operator problems caused the
site to be shut down for a portion of the summary
period.
Percent total precipitation is the percent of the
total precipitation depth measured that is associated
with valid samples collected during the summary
period.
Percent valid sample length is the percent of the
days during the summary period for which valid samples
were obtained. Note that sample periods with no
precipitation are considered valid samples,;
Percent valid samples with measured precipitation is the
percent of all wet deposition samples during the summary
period that are valid samples.
Percent collection efficiency is the ratio of the wet
deposition sample volume (converted to a depth) to the
total precipitation depth as measured by a collocated
raingage. Only valid samples with both a collocated
standard raingage and sample volume measurement available
are used.
Percent sea salt correction is the percent of the average
sulfate concentration that is estimated to be due to sea
salt, using sodium or magnesium as tracers of sea salt.
15
-------
TABLE 2.3 Data completeness level criteria for seasonal and annual
summaries
Data Completeness Measure
Seasonal Data Completeness Level
1 23
%PCL > 95% > 903
%TP, %VSL, %VSMP > 80% > 703
%COI_EFF
Winter
Spring, Summer, Autumn
%SEASALT < 25% < 503
> 90
> 80%(50%)* > 60%(40%)* > 50%(30%)*
> 80% > 60% > 50%
< 75%
Data Completeness Measure
Annual Data Completeness Level
1 23
%PCL
Annual and
each quarter
%TP, %VSL, %VSMP
Annual and
each quarter
> 95%
> 75% .
> 80%
> 70%
> 90%
> 60%
> 70%
> 60%
> 90%
> 50%
> 60%
> 50%
%COLEFF
Annual and
for Winter and
Spring, Summer, Autumn
%SEASALT
> 80%(70%)* > 60%(40%)* > 50%(30%)*
> 80%(50%)* > 60%(40%)* > 50%(30%)*
> 803
< 25%
> 60%
< 50%
> 50%
< 75%
*The bracketed value applies to Canadian sites.
16
-------
OVERALL DATA QUALITY' LEVELS ' ,. : -
' The quality of a data summary is a function of the representativeness
of a site and of the. completeness of the data on which the summary is based.
Other factors also are important in assessing the quality of the individual
data values upon which the summary is based. For example, the chemical
integrity of the sample between its collection in the field and its analysis
by a central analytical laboratory may affect the accuracy of the data. ,These
factors may enter into the valid sample screening process but for current
purposes are not explicitly, discussed here. In previous sections site
representativeness levels and data completeness levels have,been introduced
as mechanisms to categorize the quality of a data summary. These
categorizations necessarily incorporate subjective judgments but they are
based on quantitative information. A qualitative assessment of the overall
quality of a data summary can be obtained by combining the information in the
previous-categorizations; .
; The overall data quality levels defined in Table 2.4 are suggested as one
reasonable method of combining the levels. Due to different sample capture
efficiencies on an annual, seasonal and individual sampling period basis, and
the differing degrees to which "ideal" siting criteria are satisfied at each
site, not all data are of the same quality. For the benefit of data users,
it! was felt that it would be very valuable to distinguish between sites
yielding data of different quality. Therefore, four levels of data quality
are proposed. "Level 1" data meets the most rigorous screening criteria, and
hence is considered to be the best quality. On the other hand, "Level 3"
represents what is judged to be the minimum acceptable quality. "Level. 4"
data do not meet even "Level 3" criteria and are not of sufficient quality to
be useful or reported here.
TABLE 2.4. Overall data quality level
Site
Representati veness
Data Completeness Level
1
2a
2
2b
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
no rating
17
-------
-------
SECTION 3 ;
I
1986 ANNUAL AND SEASONAL DATA SUMMARIES
, This section gives an overview of the application of the selection
criteria to 1986 data, describes the contents of the data tables in Appendix
D, and summarizes some of the characteristics of 1986 wet deposition data by
presenting isopleth maps for pH, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and calcium.
! '
APPLICATION OF SELECTION CRITERIA
Only those summaries for 1986 that meet the selection criteria (an overall
data quality of 3 or less) are reported. Since the data completeness measures
are determined for each ion species, it is possible for a data summary to be
selected for one ion species but not another for the same site and summary
period. The spatial distribution of all sites that operated for a full year
in 1986 and the subset of these sites that met the annual selection criteria
for sulfate is given in Figure 3.1. A full year of operation is defined as
the site successfully monitoring precipitation amount for at least 90 percent
of the year. Tables 3.1, 3,2, and 3.3 give, by network, the number of sites
operating at some time during the year, the numbers of sites operating for a
full year and the number of sites which met the same selection criteria for
annual sulfate summaries for the years 1979-1986, respectively. Networks
whose sampling period protocol is weekly, four-weekly, or monthly are most
likely to have sites that do not meet the selection criteria. CAPMoN, which
uses a daily sampling protocol, also has a significant number of sites not
meeting the criteria.
: TABLE 3.1. Number of sites collecting at least one sample during
' the year
Network 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
NADP/NTN
MAP3S/PCN
UAPSP
CAPMoN
APIOS-D
APIOS-C
39
8
18
0
0
0
82
8
10
0
8
30
97
9
21
0
16
35
110
9
22
0
16
36
142
9
25
17
16
38
177
9
27
18
17
38
195
9
26
24
15
37
203
9
25
24
17
38
Total
65 138 178 193 247 286 306 316
19
-------
TABLE 3.2. Number of sites monitoring precipitation at
least 90 percent of the year
Network
NADP/NTN
MAP3S/PCN
UAPSP
CAPMoN
APIOS-D
APIOS-C
Total
1979
21
8
18
_
-
-
47
1980
36
8
6
-
-
-
50
1981
73
9
6
-
12
30
130
1982
89
9
21
-
16
33
168
1983
102
9
20
7
16
32
186
1984
139
9
19
17
14
34
232
1985
179
9
21
18
14
32
273
1986
187
9
24
21
13
36
290
TABLE 3.3. Number of sites meeting annual selection criteria
for sulfate
Network
NADP/NTN
MAP3S/PCN
UAPSP
CAPMoN
APIOS-D
APIOS-C
Total
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
16
5
16
37
26
7
6
39
53
8
6
10
60
9
21
14
71
8
20
4
10
22
85
9
18
11
10
21
101
9
19
11
11
20
115
9
21
17
11
22
77 104 135 154 171 195
20
-------
1986 Sites
o Operated
* Met UDDC Criteria
FIGURE 3.1 Geographic location of sites in 1986 operating a full year
and the subset of sites meeting annual UDDC criteria for
sulfate i
21
-------
CONTENT OF DATA TABLES
Appendix D contains data tables of ion species statistical summaries by
individual site for calendar year 1986 and for the four 1986 climatological
seasons (winter: December 1985, January, February 1986, spring: March,, April,
May 1986, summer: June, July, August 1986, and autumn: September, October,
November 1986). The summaries are arranged by ion species and within ion
species by summary period (annual first, then winter, spring, summer; and
autumn seasons). The ion species included are pH and hydrogen (derived from
pH), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and
chloride. Summary values reported in the tables are the data completeness
measures, site representativeness rating, data completeness rating and overall
data quality rating, number of valid samples, number of valid samples below
the detection limit, total precipitation, precipitation weighted average
concentration and deposition. Although not contained in this report, data
summary tables giving the ion species concentration distribution properties
are available from ADS. Specifically, ion species concentration distribution
properties summarized in these tables are the geometric mean, standard
deviation of logarithms, arithmetic mean and standard deviation, the minimum
and maximum valid sample value, the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile and
Lilliefors D-statistic to test for normality and log-normality of the
concentration distribution. All values displayed in the tables are also
available from ADS in computerized data file formats.
The algorithms for constructing the data summaries are applied to data
contained in the ADS data base and utilize the concepts described in Section
2. The exact procedures used are contained in the Unified Wet Deposition
Data Summaries for North America: Data Summary Procedures and Results for
1984 by Olsen et. al. (1987). Because of the number of possible definitions,
the procedures for calculating precipitation depth, total precipitation,
precipitation weighted concentration, and deposition are described here.
Precipitation depth has a specialized meaning. Precipitation depth for
a single sample is equal to the reported rain gage depth. If the rain gage
depth is not reported, precipitation depth is equal to the predicted depth
based on the sample volume and surface area of the collector. Total
precipitation is the sum of the precipitation depths for all sample periods
with measured precipitation during the summary period. Precipitation weighted
average concentration is the weighted average of all valid concentration values
where the weights are the corresponding sample precipitation depth .values.
Deposition is the product of the precipitation weighted average concentration
and the total precipitation during the summary period.
ISOPLETH MAPS FOR 1986
The 1986 annual spatial pattern for pH (Figure 3.2) shows pH values below
5.0 for the eastern half of North America and pH values greater than 5.0 for
western half, except for the Southwest and southern Rocky Mountain region.
An ellipsoid area of low pH (<4.2) extends from mid-Ohio and mid-West Virginia
to western New York and from the southern Ontario border to eastern
Pennsylvania and northern Virginia. Fourteen sites have a pH value below 4.2
22
-------
and the lowest two values are 4.12 at Kane, Pennsylvania and Parsons, West
Virginia (Table 3.4). The maximum pH is 5.66 at Las Animas in southeastern
Colorado. The 1986 and 1985 pH spatial patterns have very similar isopTeth
lines for 4.2 to 4.8. The 5.0 contour line differs but the change appears to
be related to the availability of more sites in 1986, especially in Colorado.
: The winter and summer spatial patterns for pH (Figures 3.3 and 3.4) are
different and differ from the annual pattern. In winter, the area of low pH
(<4.2) is larger than the annual region and extends from western Ohio to
western New York and Pennsylvania and from northern Virginia to northern
portion of southern Ontario. pH values below 5.0 occur east of a line from
New Mexico to northern Minnesota. The location of the 5.0 isopleth line is
difficult to determine due to the low density of sites in the area. The
minimum winter pH is 4.04 at Chautauqua, New York, and the maximum winter
value is 5.75 at Smith Valley, Nevada. In summer, the area of low pH (<4.2)
extends from northeastern border of Kentucky to the western border of Maine
and from mid-Virginia to northern New York. A region with pH below 4.0 extends
from central Pennsylvania to northern West Virginia. Summer has a region of
pH below 5.0 extending from southern Wyoming and western Colorado to the
Mexican border, and from California to western New Mexico. The minimum summer
pH is 3.91 at Penn State, Pennsylvania and the maximum summer value is 6.09 at
Huron Well Field, South Dakota. Forty sites have summer pH values below 4.2.
The 1986 spatial pattern for hydrogen ion deposition (Figure 3.2) has the
region of greatest deposition (>0.6 kg/ha) over West Virginia, eastern Ohio,
Pennsylvania, New York, southern Vermont, western Massachusetts, and
Connecticut. The region with deposition greater than 0.6 kg/ha is larger
than in 1985. Although the isopleth lines give the impression of a reasonably
smooth deposition surface, the spatial estimation procedure has smoothed the
substantial site-to-site variation in the high deposition area. For example,
Sutton, Quebec has a deposition of 0.86 kg/ha and a number of sites with
deposition greater than 0.6 kg/ha in southern Ontario are intermixed with
sites with deposition less than 0.6 kg/ha. The maximum annual hydrogen
deposition is 1.02 kg/ha at Parsons, West Virginia. Other sites with
deposition greater than 0.8 kg/ha are Kane and Leading Ridge, Pennsylvania
and Bennett Bridge, New York.
; The 1986 winter and summer hydrogen deposition spatial patterns (Figures
3.3 and 3.4) both have their highest deposition regions in western
Pennsylvania. Approximately twice the deposition occurs; in summer than in
winter (Table 3.5). Sites with the highest summer deposition are Parsons,
West Virginia (0.46 kg/ha); Kane, Pennsylvania (0.41 kg/ha); Chautauqua, New
York (0.36 kg/ha); Leading Ridge, Pennsylvania (0.36 kg/ha); and Bennett
Bridge, New York (0.35 kg/ha). Sites with the highest winter deposition are
Kane, Pennsylvania (0.19 kg/ha); Chautauqua, New York (0.17 kg/ha); Parsons,
West Virginia (0.15 kg/ha), Priceville, Ontario (0.15 kg/ha); and West Point,
New York (0.15 kg/ha).
23
-------
Sulfate Spatial Patterns
The spatial pattern for 1986 annual sulfate concentration (Figure 3.5),
is typified by high concentrations in central eastern North America and by
low concentrations elsewhere. An elliptical region centered in eastern Ohio;
has concentrations greater than 3.5 mg/L. The highest concentration is 3.96
mg/L at Parsons (Table 3.4). Eight other sites with concentrations greater
than 3.5 mg/L are in Southern Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. A
contour line for concentrations greater than 2.0 mg/L extends from western
Illinois to the East Coast and from Tennessee to Southern Ontario.
Sulfate annual deposition has a spatial pattern similar to sulfate
concentration (Figure 3.5). A contour line for annual deposition greater
than 35 kg/ha extends from northern West Virginia to north of Lake Ontario
and from the eastern Ohio border to western Pennsylvania and western New York.
The maximum deposition is 53.3 kg/ha at Parsons, West Virginia (Table 3.5). '
Four additional sites have sulfate depositions between 40 and'45-kg/ha: Bennett
Bridge and Chautauqua, New York; Kane, Pennsylvania; and Wellesley, Ontario.
The 20 kg/ha contour line encloses an elliptical region from northern Alabama
and Georgia to Southern Ontario and New Hampshire and from eastern Wisconsin
and central Illinois to eastern Virginia and Massachusetts.
Winter sulfate concentrations have a spatial pattern with the highest
concentration region shifted further west than for the annual '(Figure 3.6).
The^S.O mg/L contour line encloses two regions: one centered in northwestern
Illinois and one centered in northern Ohio, south Southern Ontario,
northwestern Pennsylvania, and western tip of New York. The maximum winter
concentrations are 4.29 mg/L at Wilkesport, Ontario; 3.96 mg/L at Argonne,
Illinois; 3.69 mg/L at Merlin, Ontario; and 3.51 mg/L at Port Stanley, Ontario.
Parsons, the location of the highest annual concentration, has a concentration
of 3.39 mg/L. Winter sulfate concentrations are lower in eastern New York
and New England when compared to annual concentrations.
The spatial pattern for summer sulfate concentration differs markedly
from the annual and winter patterns (Figure 3.7). A primary difference is
that summer concentrations are consistently higher compared to winter or
annual. The region enclosed by the 2.0 mg/L contour for annual concentration
is similar to the region enclosed by the 3.0 mg/L contour for summer
concentration. The highest concentrations, 5.0 mg/L contour, occur in western
Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia. The maximum summer concentration is
5.50 mg/L at Penn State (sampler operated by MAP3S network). Other
concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L are 5.42 mg/L at Penn State (NADP/NTN
sampler), 5.22 mg/L at Leading Ridge, 5.07 mg/L at Parsons, and 5.02 mg/L at
Kane. Dana and Easter (1987) discuss the existence of a seasonal cycle for
sulfate concentration. Although the concentration levels are lower, sulfate
concentrations are also higher in summer than in winter in the Western United
States. .
Winter sulfate deposition is highest (>5.0 kg/ha) in western
Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and northern West Virginia (Figure 3.6). This
is the same region for high annual deposition, except it does not include
western New York. Deposition is less than 2.0 kg/ha west of the Mississippi
24
-------
River. The maximum winter deposition is 8.7 kg/ha at Parsons (Table 3.5).
The next two highest deposition sites are Chautauqua (6.4 kg/ha) and Kane
(5.8 kg/ha). Two sites among those with high winter deposition are American
Samoa (5.6 kg/ha) and El Verde, Puerto Rico (5.4 kg/ha), both influenced by
sea salt. The effect of sulfate associated with sea salt is apparent in the
relatively high deposition along the northern United States coast.
Summer sulfate deposition greater than 15.0 kg/ha occurs from- southeastern
Southern Ontario and eastern Ohio to central West Virginia, central
Pennsylvania and most of New York (Figure 3.7). Deposition is less than 5.0
kg/ha west of the Mississippi River. The maximum summer deposition of 23.9
kg/ha occurs at Parsons, the same location as the winter maximum (Table 3.5).
Kane with 20.6 kg/ha is the only other site with summer deposition greater
than 20.0 kg/ha. Only sites in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, and
Southern Ontario have depositions greater than 15.0 kg/ha. To provide a
contrast with winter, the summer sulfate depositions at American Samoa and El
Verde are 2.0 and 7.0 kg/ha, respectively. The influence of sea salt is less
noticeable during summer. Summer sulfate deposition is iapproximately three
times winter sulfate deposition. The difference is partially a function of
the higher summer concentrations and partially a function of greater summer
precipitation amounts.
Nitrate Spatial Patterns |
The spatial pattern for 1986 annual nitrate concentration (Figure 3.8)
has a nearly circular region of high concentration centered on Lake Ontario.
In contrast to the sulfate concentration pattern, a contour line at 1.0 mg/L
extends across the northern Great Plains to Colorado. One explanation for
the higher concentrations in this region is the influence of agricultural :
activities. The maximum concentration is 2.72 mg/L at Killarney, Ontario.
In fact, the ten highest concentrations, all greater than 2.30 mg/L, occur in
Southern Ontario.
Annual nitrate deposition has essentially the same spatial pattern as
nitrate concentration but locally is more variable (Figure 3.8). A 25.0 kg/ha
contour encloses a small region centered at the northern tip of Lake Ontario.
Eight sites have nitrate depositions greater than 25.0 kg/ha: Bennett Bridge,
Parsons, Chautauqua, and West Point in the United States, and Wellesley, North
Easthope, Huron Park, and Sutton in Canada. Bennett Bridge has the maximum
deposition at 32.4 kg/ha. \ , ' .,
Winter nitrate concentrations are. greater than annual concentrations in
the highest concentration region (Figure 3.9). A 3.5 mg/L contour encloses
a narrow region along Lake Ontario extending from Detroit to the eastern tip
of Ontario. Of eighteen sites with concentrations greater than 3.5 mg/L,
only Chautauqua and Huntington, New York are in the United States.
Charlottesville, Virginia is the only additional United States site among
sites with concentrations greater than 3.0 mg/L, all other sites are in
Southern Ontario. The maximum winter nitrate concentration is 5.17 mg/L at
Wilkesport, Ontario, located at the southern end of Lake Huron. . ;. "
25
-------
Summer nitrate concentrations are generally comparable to annual nitrate
concentrations in magnitude and spatial pattern in high concentration regions
(Figure 3.10 and Table 3.4). Differences in the spatial pattern occur for
the 2.0 mg/L contour where the summer contour extends to the Atlantic coast
and for the 1.0 mg/L contour where the summer contour extends further south
to the coast of Louisiana and across the west to the Pacific Ocean. The
maximum summer concentration is 3.04 mg/L at West Point. The next highest
values are 2.91 mg/L at Tanbark Flat, California, northeast of Los Angeles;
2.79 mg/L at Balsam Lake, Ontario; and 2.71 mg/L at White Rock, Maryland.
Winter nitrate concentrations are higher than summer concentrations in the
Northeast but summer concentrations are higher than winter in the South and
West.
The geographic region enclosed by the 3.0 kg/ha contour for, winter
nitrate deposition is comparable to the region enclosed by the 15.0 kg/ha
contour for annual nitrate deposition. The region with maximum winter
deposition (>6.0 kg/ha) is the same region as for maximum annual depositions.
The maximum deposition is 9.4 kg/ha at Priceville, Ontario. Only Chautauqua
(7.8 kg/ha), Kane (7.2 kg/ha), Parsons (6.6 kg/ha) in the United States have
depositions greater than 6.0 kg/ha, all other sites are in Southern Ontario.
During the winter, deposition less than 1.0 kg/ha occurs west of the
Mississippi River and in Florida.
Summer nitrate depositions are greater than winter nitrate depositions
(Figure 3.10 and Table 3.5). The 5.0 kg/ha contour line for summer deposition
encloses the same region as the 15.0 kg/ha contour line for annual deposition.
Approximately one third of the annual deposition occurs during the summer.
Summer nitrate deposition is greater than 1.0 kg/ha east of the Rocky Mountain
region. In Florida, nitrate deposition during the summer accounts for most
of the annual deposition. Greater summer deposition is related to higher
summer concentrations and larger precipitation amounts compared to winter.
The maximum summer nitrate deposition is 12.2 kg/ha at West Point. Other
sites with deposition greater than 9.0 kg/ha are Chautauqua, Kane and Parsons
in the United States, and Uxbridge, Huron Park, Wellesley, and Waterloo in
Ontario.
Ammonium Spatial Pattern
Annual 1986 ammonium concentration has a spatial pattern dominated by a
high concentration region centered in the northern Great Plains and another
centered in the southern tip of Southern Ontario (Figure 3.11). Ammonium
concentrations greater than 0.20 mg/L extend from the Rocky Mountains to
Vermont and the Atlantic coast and from Nebraska, Arkansas, Tennessee, and
North Carolina into Canada. Although the annual nitrate concentration spatial
pattern is similar to that of ammonium, it does not have the second high
concentration region in the west. The maximum concentration in the western
region is 0.71 mg/L at Brookings, South Dakota, and in the Ontario region is
0.73 mg/L at Colchester. Other sites with annual ammonium concentrations
greater than 0.50 mg/L are Lamberton, Minnesota; Pawnee, Colorado; Shawano,
Wisconsin; and Mead, Nebraska in the west; and Palmerston, Wellesley, Huron
26
-------
Park, Waterloo, Merlin, Wilkesport, Melbourne,. North Easthope,, and Longwoods
in Ontario.
; The annual ammonium deposition spatial pattern also has two regions, of
high deposition (Figure 3.11). In addition, deposition, is greater than 1.0
kg/ha east of the Rocky Mountains, except for Florida. Note that the 2.0
kg/ha contour extends south to the Gulf Coast in Texas, Louisiana, and
Mississippi. The maximum deposition is 7.50 kg/ha at Wellesleyj.tOntftriP;
(table 3.5). Five other sites in Southern Ontario have depositions greater
that 6.0 kg/ha. The highest deposition in the West is 5.39 kg/ha at Brookings,
South Dakota. Mead, Nebraska, and Lamberton, Minnesota also are western sites
with deposition greater than 5.0 kg/ha.
! Winter ammonium concentrations are comparable to, or slightly, less than,
annual concentrations (Table 3.4). The spatial pattern has high concentrations
in Northern Illinois, north of Lake Huron, and in Southern Ontario (Figure
3.12). No annual summaries meet the UDDC selection criteria to determine if
a;secondary maximum in South Dakota exists. The site-to-site variation in the
winter suggests possible local influences for ammonium. The maximum winter
concentration is 0.75 mg/L at Waterloo. ,
i Summer ammonium concentrations show substantial geographic variation
(Figure 3.12). Although Southern Ontario and the northern Great Plains remain
high concentration regions, high concentrations also are present in Nevada,
Colorado, western Kansas, and Mississippi (relative to nearby region). The
maximum concentration is 0.97 mg/L at Colchester, Ontario. The next highest,
and the maximum concentration in the United States, is 0.75 mg/L at Pawnee,
Colorado. In Nevada, the maximum is 0.46 mg/L at Lehman Caves. This contrasts
with a winter ammonium concentration of 0.04 mg/L at Lehman Caves.
The center of the region with the highest ammonium deposition in winter
is the southern tip of Southern Ontario (Figure 3.12). Sites with deposition
greater than 1.00 kg/ha are Priceville (1.40), Priceville 2 (1.11), Waterloo
(1.06), and McKellar (1.01) in Ontario, and Chautauqua (1.14) in New York.
Note that the two Priceville sites are co-located and the difference in the ,
values demonstrates the variation possible in estimating annual deposition
at a site. Winter accounts for less than one-fourth of the annual ammonium
deposition. |
Summer ammonium deposition is approximately three times greater than
winter deposition (Table 3.5 and Figure 3.13). Approximately, one-third of
the annual ammonium deposition occurs during the summer. Summer has two high
deposition regions, similar to the. annual spatial pattern. The maximum
deposition is 4.06 kg/ha at Colchester. The next highest deposition is>2.78
at Huron Park. Other sites with deposition greater than 2.00 kg/ha are
Palmerston, Waterloo, Merlin, Wellesley, Uxbridge, and North Easthope in
Ontario, and Fort Wayne, Indiana. The secondary maximum is 1.59 kg/ha at ,
Brookings, South Dakota. ,
27
-------
Calcium Spatial Patterns ! " : "
The spatial pattern for 1986 annual calcium concentration differs from
the corresponding spatial patterns for hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium
(Figure 3.14). The high concentration region is still centered in the southern
tip of Southern Ontario, but the contour lines tend to extend southwest to
the Mexican border. This is a reflection of calcium arising from a non-
anthropogenic source, soil-related. The maximum concentration is 0.62 mg/L
at Longwoods, Ontario (Table 3.4). Other sites with concentrations greater
than 0.40 mg/L are Wilkesport, Melbourne, Wellesley, and Merlin, all in
Ontario. The maximum concentration in the United States is 0.38 mg/L at Red
Rock Canyon, Nevada.
Annual calcium deposition has a spatial pattern with two maxima: one in
Southern Ontario, the location of the concentration maximum, and the other in
eastern Kansas (Figure 3.14). The maximum deposition is 5.96 kg/ha at
Longwoods, Ontario (Table 3.5). Fourteen sites have annual deposition greater
than 3.0 kg/ha, all but three sites located in Southern Ontario. The three
sites are El Verde, Puerto Rico; Konza Prairie, Kansas; and Parsons, West
Virginia.
The spatial pattern for winter calcium concentration has many of the
same features as the annual pattern (Figure 3.15). Differences in the sites
used for contouring make a direct comparison difficult. The maximum
concentration is 1.14 mg/L at Moonbeam in northern Ontario. Since a nearly
co-located site has a concentration of 0.08 mg/L, the high concentration is
likely to be due to local sources or contamination. The second highest
concentration is 0.85 mg/L at Merlin, Ontario. The highest concentration in
the United States is 0.67 mg/L at Indiana Dunes, Indiana, and in the western
United States is 0.37 at Mesa Verde, Colorado.
Summer Calcium concentrations are similar to annual concentrations in
the high concentration area in Southern Ontario and are substantially greater
in Southern California, Nevada, Arizona, and Texas (Figure 3.16). The maximum
concentration is 1.16 mg/L at Palomar Mountain, California. The second highest
concentration is 0.89 mg/L at Longwoods, Ontario. In all, six sites in
Ontario, six sites in the western and southwestern United States, and two in
northern Illinois and Indiana have concentrations greater than 0.40 mg/L.
The spatial pattern for winter calcium deposition has a high deposition
region centered in Southern Ontario and extending to northern Illinois (Figure
3.15). Within this region, deposition in winter accounts for 20 percent or
less of the annual deposition. The maximum deposition, however, is 1.39 kg/ha
at Parsons, West Virginia. Deposition greater than 0.50 kg/ha occurs at
fifteen sites, ten located in Ontario. In addition to Parsons, the other
sites not in Ontario are American Samoa; El Verde, Puer-to Rico; and Indiana
Dunes and Huntington, Indiana.
The summer calcium deposition spatial pattern is more variable and has
several regions of secondary maxima (Figure 3.16). The pattern is similar
the annual pattern, in part due to the summer quarter contributing the most
to the annual deposition in high deposition regions. The maximum deposition
28
-------
is 2.49 kg/ha at Longwoods, Ontario. The maximum in the United States is
1>43 kg/ha at Farlington, Kansas.
29
-------
TABLE 3.4. Frequency distribution percentiles for annual and seasonal
ion species concentration
Nuibir of
Sites Hin E 10 25
PH
Sulfate
(«9/L)
Nitrate
(Bg/L)
Anaoniua
(«9/L)
Calciua
0»g/L)
Annua 1
Winter
Spring
SUREST
Fall
Annual
Winter
Spring
Suaaer
Fall
Annual
Winter
Spring
Suaaer
Fall
Annual
Winter
Spring
Suaaer
Fall
Annual
Winter
Spring
Su»»er
Fall
186
188
245
243
246
195
188
257
243
241
193
189
256
245
240
194
187
256
245
236
196
185
252
243
240
4.11
4.04
4.05
3.91
4.12
0.14
0.01
0.20
0.30
0.14
0.02
0.01
0.20
0.30
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
4.17
4.11
4.21
4.07
4.22
0.30
0.16
0.38
0.55
0.30
0.22
0.09
0.38
0.55
0.25
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.02
4.22
4.17
4.24
4.12
4.26
0.153
0.24
0.49
0.70
0.50
0.45
0.24
0.49
0.70
0.37
0.06
0.02
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.08
0.05
0.03
4.31
4.39
4.35
4.25
4.38
1.11
0.63
1.10
1.03
0.82
0.76
0.54
1.10
1.03
0.55
0.14
0.06
0.19
0.13
0.09
0.09
0.05
0.13
0.10
0.05
51
4.51
4.52
4.57
4.50
4.61
1.88
1.30
1.95
1.84
1.37
1.19
1.31
1.95
1.84
0.88
0.25
0.17
0.35
0.23
0.16
0.14
0.09
0.21
0.17
0.09
75
4.90
4.90
5.26
4.96
4.99
2.60
2.06
2.88
3.19
2.05
1.80
2.40
2.88
3.19
1.37
0.36
0.30
0.50
0.37
0.28
0. 22
0.16
0.32
0.25
0.14
90
5.36
5.33
5.63
5.37
5.33
3.21
2.75
3.50
4.02
2.66
2.11
3.49
3.50
4.02
1.78
0.48
0.43
0.68
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.45
0.35
0.21
95
5.44
5.46
5.83
5.56
5.50
3.48 '
3.30
3.81
4.50
2.85
2.33
3.92
3.81
4.50
1.95
0.57
0.55
0.74
0.58
0.47
0.34
0.46
0.60
0.51
0.28
Uix
5.66
5.75
6:54
6.09
6.73
3.96
4.96
4.75
5.50
2.61
2.72
5.17
4.75
5.50
2.46
0.73
0.75
1.08
0.97
0.72
0.62
1.14
0.97
1.16
1.11
30
-------
TABLE 3.5. Frequency distribution percent!les for annual and seasonal
ion species deposition
i
; Nueber of
Sites Uin 6 10 26 50 75 90 95 Uir
Hydrogen
(kg/ha) Annual
Winter
: -Spring
Suaiar
Fa 1 1
Sulfate
(kg/ha) Annual
! Winter
Spring,
[ SuMier
I Fal 1
Nitrate
(kg/ha) Annual
Winter
: Spring
Suaier
Fal 1
AiBoniui
(kg/ha) Annual
Winter
Spring
Sutler
Fal 1
CalciuB
(kg/ha) Annual
Winter
Spring
Suaiar
Fal 1
186 .003 .012 .032 .101 .300 .484 .650 .732 1 018
188 .000 .002 .006 .024 .070 .114 .168 .188 0.274
245 .000 .001 .003 .ii0 .064 .101 .127 .153 0 203
243 .000 .002 .005 .1124 .091 .178 .254 .305 0 459
248 .001 .002 .004 .117 .043 .085 .111 .131 0.194
195
188
257
243
241
193
189
256
245
240
194
187
256
245
236
196
185
252
243
.40 1.98 2.82 10.90 16.90 26.76 32.06 35.84 E3 30
.00
.10
.00
.00
.07
.00
.10
.00
.00
.11
.01
.03
.00
.00
.12
.01
.01
.00
240 .00
.41 .70 1.90 3.90 5.70 8.00 8.89 12 80
.30 .70 1.96 4.60 6.05 7.52 8.40 11 50
.34 .80 2.30 5.40 10.00 13.90 16.08 23.90
.10 .20 1.00 2.00 3.40 4.40 5.20 8.70
.51 .90 6.90 10.70 17.46 22.80 24.59 32.40
.40 .50 1.20 2.40 3.60 5.29 6.00 8.80
.29 .40 1.23 2.85 4.30 5.30 6.11 8.70
.33 .80 2.00 3.30 5.40 7.04 8.17 12.20
.20 .30 0.75 1.60 3.75 6.50 6.40 9.40
.26 .38 1.26 2.27 3.60 4.90 5.40 7.50
86 -88 -21 .40 0.73 1.13 1.36 2.55
.06 .09 .33 .70 1.10 1,50 1.64 2.81
0S -11 -28 .83 1.12 1.64 1.92 4.06
.02 .03 .16 .20 0.40 0 87 0.79 1.40
.34 .41 .75 .27 1.97 2.74 3.46 5.96
04 .08 .12 .20 0.33 0.55 0.75 1.99
.09 .14 ' .23 .42 0.65 0.91 1.12 2.00
.06 .13 .24 .41 0.70 0.98 1.23 2.49
.03 0.04 0.17 0.13 0.23 0.40 0.73 1 39
31
-------
1986 Annual
Hydrogen Deposition
kg ha '
FIGURE 3.2 Annual 1986 spatial distribution of (a) precipitation-weighted
pH and (b) hydrogen ion deposition
32
-------
1986 Winter
Hydrogen Deposition
kg ha -'
FIGURE-3-.-3' Winter 1986 spatial-distribution of (a) precipltation^we.ighttd
pH and (b) hydrogen ion deposition 1
33
-------
1986 Summer
Hydrogen Deposition
kg ha'1
FIGURE 3.4 Summer 1986 spatial distribution of (a) precipitation-weighted
pH and (b) hydrogen ion deposition
34
-------
1986 Annual
Sulfate Concentration
1986 An
Sulfate Deposition
kg ha ~'
FIGURE 3.5 Annual 1986 spatial distribution of sulfate (a) precipitation1-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition
35
-------
1986 Winter
Sulfate Concentration
mgL-1
1986 Winter
SuUate Deposition
kghg-'
FIGURE 3.6 Winter 1986 spatial distribution of sulfate (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration (b) deposition
36
-------
1^3K.
f^^v
1986 Summer
Sulfate Concentration
mg L-'
PNL September 19S8
1986 Summer
Suifate Deposition
kg ha -'
PNL Seo:e~oer
FIGURE 3.7 Summer 1986 spatial distribution of sulfate (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition I
37
-------
1986 Annual
Nitrate Concentration
1986 Annual
Hitrate Deposition
kg ha
FIGURE 3.8 Annual 1986 spatial distribution of nitrate (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition
38
-------
1986 Winter
Nitrate Concentration
mg L~'
PNL SeDten-oer 1988
1986 Winter
Nitrate Deposition
kg ha" '
FIGURE 3.9 Winter 1986 spatial distribution of nitrate (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition !
39
-------
1386 Summer
Nitrate Concentration
1936 Summer
Nitrate Deposition
kg ha"'
FIGURE 3.10 Summer 1986 spatial distribution of nitrate (a) precip'itation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition
40
-------
1986 Annual
Ammonium Concentration
mg
1986 Annual
Ammonium Deposition
FIGURE 3.1.1 Annual 1986 spatial distribution of ammonium |(a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition ,
41
-------
1S86 Winter
Ammonium Concentration
mgU'1
1986 Winter
Ammonium Deposition
kg ha -'
PVU Seotemoer 1983
_l
FIGURE 3.12 Winter 1986 spatial distribution of ammonium (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition
42
-------
7-0.19
.17
0.20 J
1986 Summer
Ammonium Concentration
1986 Summer
Ammonium Deposition
kg ha
FIGURE 3.13 Summer 1986 spatial distribution of ammonium (a) precipit,atiQ;h;-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition
43
-------
1986 Annual
Calcium Concentration
1936 Annual
Calcium Deposition
FIGURE 3.14 Annual 1986 spatial distribution of calcium (a) precipitatiqn*
weighted concentration and (b) deposition - ~ '
44
-------
1986 Winter
Calcium Concentration
1986 Winter
Calcium Deposition
kg ha "'
FIGURE 3.15 Winter 1986 spatial distribution of calcium (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition
45
?=:e~oer '.=-58 t
-------
19S6 Summer
Cjicium Deposition
kg ha"1
PNL September 1938
FIGURE 3.16 Summer 1986 spatial distribution of calcium (a) precipitation-
weighted concentration and (b) deposition
46
-------
SECTION 4
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Barrie, L. A., H. A. Wiebe, P. Fellin, and K. Anlauf. 1980. APN: The Canadian
, Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network: A Description and Results for
November 1978 to June 1979. Internal Report AQRB-80-002-T, Atmospheric
; Environment Service, Downsview, Canada.
i '
Barrie, L. A., and A. Sirois. 1982. An Analysis and Assessment of
! Precipitation Chemistry Measurements Made by CANSAP (The Canadian Network
: for Sampling Precipitation): 1977-1980. Report AQRB-82-003-T,
_, Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Canada.
Chan, W. H., D. B. Orr and R. J. Vet. 1982a. The Acidic Precipitation in
Ontario Study (APIOS) - An Overview. The Cumulative Wet/Dry Deposition
; Network. Report ARB-15-82-ARSP, Ontario Ministry of the Environment
Toronto, Canada.
in
Chan, W. H., D. B. Orr and R. J. Vet. 1982b. The Acidic Precipitation
Ontario Study (APIOS) - An Overview. The Event Wet/Dry Deposition
Network. Report ARB-11-82-ARSP, Ontario Ministry of the Environment
; Toronto, Canada.
Dana, M. T., and R. C. Easter. 1987. "Statistical Summary and Analyses of
Event Precipitation Chemistry from the MAP3S Network." Atmos. Environ
1 21:113-128. :
Eaton, W. C., C. E. Moore and D. A. Ward. 1987. Summary Report for Quality
: Assurance Audits of the EPA State-Operated Precipitation Collection
I Network. Contract 68-02-4125, U.S. Environmental Protection Aqencv
Research Triangle Park, NC.
MAP3S/RAINE Research Community. 1982. "The MAP3S/RAINE Precipitation Chemistry
. Network: Statistical Overview for the Period 1976-1979," Atmos. Environ.
16:1603-1631.
NADP. 1980. NADP Quality Assurance Report/Central Analytical Laboratory,
1/1/79 to 12/31/79. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State
University, Ft. Collins, CO.
NADP. 1982. National Acid Deposition Program Instruction Manual Site
Operation. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State
University, Ft. Collins, CO.
47
-------
NADP. 1934a. Instruction Manual, NADP/NTN Site Selection and Installation.
.Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Ft,.
Collins, CO.
NADP. 1984b. NADP Quality Assurance Plan, Deposition Monitoring. Natural
Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO.
Olsen, A. R. 1988. 1986 Wet Deposition Temporal and Spatial Patterns in North
America. Report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by
Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington.
Olsen, A. R., D. S. Bigelow, W. H. Chan, T. L. Clark, M. A. Lusis, P. K.
Misra, R. J. Vet and E. C. Voldner. 1987. "Unified Wet Deposition Data
Summaries for North America: Data Summary Procedures and Results for
1984." Accepted for publication in Atmos. Environ.
Olsen, A. R. and A. L. Slavich. 1985. Acid Precipitation in North America:
1983 Annual Data Summary from Acid Deposition System Data Base. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
EPA/600/4-85/061.
Olsen, A. R. and A. L. Slavich. 1986. Acid Precipitation in North America:
1984 Annual Data Summary from Acid Deposition System Data Base. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
EPA/600/4-86/033.
Olsen, A. R. and C. R. Watson. 1984. Acid Precipitation in North America:
1980, 1981, and 1982 Annual Data Summaries Based on Acid Deposition System
Data Base. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. EPA-600/7-84-097.
Robertson, J. K. and 0. W. Wilson. 1985. Design of the National Trends Network
for Monitoring the Chemistry of Atmospheric Precipitation. U.S.
Geological Survey Circular 964. U.S. Geological Survey, Alexandria, VA.
Rothert, J. E. and M. Terry Dana. 1984. The MAP3S Precipitation Chemistry
Network: Seventh Periodic Summary Report (1983). PNL-5298, Pacific
Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Sweeney, J. K. and A. R. Olsen. 1987. Acid Precipitation in North America:
1985 Annual and Seasonal Data Summaries from Acid Deposition System Data
Base. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
EPA/600/4-87/035.
Topol, L. E. 1983a. Plan for Controlling the Quality of Measurements and
Data Base During the Utility Acid Precipitation Study Program (UAPSP).
UAPSP 106. Utility Acid Precipitation Study Program, Washington, DC.
Topol, L. E. 1983b. UAPSP Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures. UAPSP
102. Utility Acid Precipitation Study Program, Washington, DC.
48
-------
Toppl, L. E. 1933c. The'Util Hy-Acid Precipitation Study Program:' Field '
: Operator Instruction Manual. UAPSP 104. Utility Acid Precipitation Study
Program, Washington, DC. " , ,
Vet, R. J W. B. Sukloff, M. E. Still, and R. Gilbert. 1986. Canadian Air
and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) Precipitation Chemistrv Data
Summary 1983-1984. Reoort AQRB-85-001-M, Atmospheric Environment Service
Downsview, Ontario, Canada. , ;: ,VI^C-
Vet;, R. J. and S. G. Onlock. 1983. The Canadian Air and Precipitation '
Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) Quality Assurance Plan for Precipitation
Monitoring Systems. CSC 110,194-3-1. Concord Scientific Corporation
i Downsview, Ontario, Canada. ., , .. . , '
Vet, R J. and R. Gilbert. 1985. The Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring
: Network (CAPMoN): A Description. Atmospheric Environment Service
: Downsview, Ontario, Canada. ' .:
*i -'..-..- f _
Watson, C. R. and A. R. Olsen. 1984. Acid Deposition System (ADS) 'for
Statistical Reporting. System Design and User's Code Manual. -US ''
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park NC
EPA-600/8-84-023. ,
Unified Deposition Data Base Committee. 1985. A Unified Wet Deposit Mr Data
Base for Eastern North America: Data Screening, Calculation'Procedures
i and Results for Sulphates and Nitrates (1980). Ontario Ministry of
Environment, Toronto, Canada.
49
-------
-------
APPENDIX A
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF SITES OPERATING IN
-------
-------
FIGURE A.I. NADP/NTN network sites identified by ADS site code
FIGURE A.2. MAP3S/PCN network sites identified by ADS site code
53
-------
FIGURE A.3. UAPSP network sites identified by ADS site code
T
FIGURE A.4. CAPMoN network sites identified by ADS site code
54
-------
FIGURE A.5. APIOS daily network sites identified by ADS site code
FIGURE A.6. APIOS cumulative network sites identified by ADS site code
I
55
-------
-------
APPENDIX B
INVENTORY OF WET DEPOSITION SITES IN ADS
ORDERED BY ADS SITE IDENTIFICATION
-------
-------
Inventory of Wet Deposition Sites in ADS
Ordered by ADS Site Identification
ADS
SITE NET
IDENT WORK
001a NADP/NTN '
002a NADP/NTN
003a NADP/NTN !
004a NADP/NTN ,
006a NADP/NTN
007a NADP/NTN i
008a NADP/NTN
009a NADP/NTN ,
010a NADP/NTN .
011a NADP/NTN I
012a NADP/NTN
013a MAP3S/PCN,
014a NADP/NTN '
015a NADP/NTN :
016a NADP/NTN
017a NADP/NTN
018a NADP/NTN
019a NADP/NTN !
020a NADP/NTN .
020b MAP3S/PCN:
020c NADP/NTN :
021a NADP/NTN !
022a NADP/NTN
023a NADP/NTN
024a NADP/NTN i
025a NADP/NTN ;
026a NADP/NTN ',
027a NADP/NTN
028a NADP/NTN
029a NADP/NTN '
030a NADP/NTN
031a NADP/NTN
031b CANSAP
032a NADP/NTN
033a NADP/NTN
034a NADP/NTN
035a NADP/NTN
036a NADP/NTN '
037? NADP/NTN !
037b CANSAP ;
038a NADP/NTN i
039a NADP/NTN !
040a NADP/NTN :
0413 NADP/NTN
042s NADP/NTN '
043a MAP3S/PCN :
043b NADP/NTN
044a MAP3S/PCN
045a NADP/NTN
046a NADP/NTN -
0473 NADP/NTN '
048a MAP3S/PCN
0493 NADP/NTN ;
050a NADP/NTN
051a NADP/NTN
0523 NADP/NTN
053s NADP/NTN
053b NADP/NTN ;
NET
SITE
IDENT
020390
030180
030620
042700
053460
054540
057550
058840
061910
062120
062220
7
100020
100360
101190
114140
120080
130340
141160
5
141161
141980
143580
146340
141800
153420
232570
381120
441190
061530
200935
230920
13 020
232660
235340
241660
242720
251460
270570
13 010
281520
300240
330860
331000
331220
1
332021
2
335140
335240
336500
6
340320
342500
343460
343560
344160
344161
SITE NAME
Denali Natl Park, Alaska
Tombstone, Arizona
Organ Pipe Mon., Arizona
Fayettev i11e, Arkansas
Bishop, California
Hop I and (Ukiah), California
Sequoia Nat. Park, California
Davis, California
Rocky Mt. Nat Park, Colorado
Manitou, Colorado
Pawnee, Colorado
Lewes, Delaware
Austin-Cary Forest, Florida
Bradford Forest, Florida
Everglades Nat. Pa, Florida
Georgia Station, Georgia
Mauna Loa, Hawai i
Crater of the Moon, Idaho
Bondville, Illinois
IIIinois, II I inois
Bondville intercom, Illinois
Argonne, II Iinois
Southern III U, IIIinois
Dixon Springs, IIIinois
Shabbona, II Iinois
Indiana Dunes, Indiana
Isle Royal Park, Michigan
Vines Hill, Oregon
Great Smoky Mts, Tennessee
Mesa Verde, Colorado
Greenville Station, Maine
Douglas Lake, Michigan
PelIston, Michigan
Kellogg, Michigan
WeiIston, Michigan
Marcel I, Minnesota
Lamberton, Minnesota
Meridian, Mississippi
Glacier Nat'I Park, Montana
Glacier Nat Park, Montana
Mead, Nebraska
Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire
Aurora, New York
Chautauqua, New York
Knobit, New York
Whiteface, New York
ffhiteface, New York
Ithaca, New York
StilwelI Lake, New York
Bennett Bridge, New York
Jasper, New York
Brookhaven, New York
Lewiston, North Carolina
Coweeta, North Carolina
Piedmont Station, North Carol ins
Clinton Station, North Carolina
Finley (A), North Carolina
Finley (B), North Carolina
LATITUDE LONGITUDE ELEVATION
d m s d m s (meters)
63 43 27
31 42 30
31 57 02
36 06 02
37 22 15
39 00 17
36 34 09
38 32 07
40 21 52
39 06 04
40 48 23
38 46 00
29 45 37
29 58 29
25 23 40
33 10 40
19 32 22
43 27 48
40 03 12
40 03 12
40 03 12
41 42 04
37 42 36
37 26 08
41 50 29
41 37 57
47 54 43
43 53 57
35 39 52
37 11 56
45 29 23
45 33 40
45 33 40
42 24 37
44 13 28
47 31 52
44 14 14
32 20 04
48 30 37
48 30 37
41 09 11
43 56 35
42 44 02
42 17 58
42 22 41
44 23 26
44 23 26
42 24 03
41 21 00
43 31 34
42 06 22
40 52 00
36 07 40
35 03 38
35 41 48
35 01 26
35 43 43
35 43 43
148 57 55
110 03 24
112 48 00
94 10 24
118 21 59
123 05 05
118 46 40
121 46 30
105 34 55
105 05 31
104 45 15
75 00 00
82 11 56
82 11 53
80 41 45
84 24 22
155 34 45
113 33 31
88 22 19
88 22 19
88 22 19
87 59 43
89 16 08
88 40 19
88 51 04
87 05 16
89 09 10
117 25 37
83 35 25
108 29 26
69 39 52
84 40 42
84 40 42
85 23 34
85 49 07
93 28 07
95 18 02
88 44 42
113 59 44
113 59 44
96 29 34
71 42 12
76 39 35
79 23 47
73 30 10
73 51 34
73 51 34
76 39 12
74 02 22
75 56 50
77 32 08
72 53 00
77 10 30
83 25 50
80 37 22
78 16 45
78 40 52
78 40 52
649
1398
506
391
1252 '
253
1856
18
2490
2362
1641
0
46
44
2
270
3426
1806
212
212 ',
212
229
146
161
265
208
209
904
640
2172
322
233
233
288
292
431
343
89
968
968 ,
352
250
249
488
406
610
610
610 "'
186
245
634
25 .'
26
686
221
47
119
119
FIRST
ACTIVE
DATE
Jun 17, 1980
Mar 27, 1979
Apr 15, 1980
May 13, 1980
Apr 15, 1980
Oct 3, 1979
Jul 8, 1980
Sep 4, 1978
May 29, 1980
Oct 17, 1978
May 22, 1979
Feb 28, 1978
Oct 10, 1978
Oct 10, 1978
Jun 17, 1980
Oct 3, 1978
Jun 10, 1980
Aug 22, 1980
Feb 27, 1979
Nov 19, 1977
Sep 20, 1983
Mar 11, 1980
Jul 31, 1979
Jan 30, 1979
May 26, 1981
Jul 15, 1980
Aug 12, 1980
Jul 15, 1980
Aug 12, 1980
Apr 28, 1981
Nov 20, 1979
Jul 3, 1979
Jul 1, 1979
Jun 26, 1979
Oct 10, 1978
Jul 6, 1978
Jan 2, 1979
Apr 15, 1980
Jun 3, 1980
Jun 1, 1980
Jul 25, 1978
Jul 25, 1978
Apr 17, 1979
Jun 10, 1980
Jan 2, 1980
Oct 10, 1976
Jul 3, 1984
Oct 25, 1976
Jun 26, 1979
Jun IB, 1980
Feb 19, 1980
Feb 8, 1978
Oct 31, 1978
Jul 5, 1978
Oct 17, 1978
Oct 24, 1978
Oct 3, 1978
Get 3, 1978
3-Sep-1988
Page 1
LAST
ACTIVE
DATE
Sep 1, 1981
Jun 22, 1982
Jul 14, 1981
Nov 27, 1984
Oct 22, 1984
Aug 6, 1985
Oct 2, 1984
Apr 1, 198.0
59
-------
ADS
SITE NET
IOEHT WORK
053c UAPSP
053d UAPSP
054a NADP/NTN
0SSs NADP/NTN
0S6a NADP/NTN
057a MAP3S/PCN
057b NADP/NTN
CSBa NADP/NTN
059a NADP/NTN
06Sa NADP/NTN
081a NADP/NTN
0S2a NADP/NTN
0E3a NADP/NTN
064a NADP/NTN
B5Sa MAP3S/PCN
065b NADP/NTN
06Sc NADP/NTN
0S5d CAPMoN
066a NADP/NTN
0S7a NAOP/NTN
0683 NADP/NTN
069a NADP/NTN
0703 NADP/NTN
0713 NADP/NTN
072a MAP3S/PCN
072b NADP/NTN
0733 NADP/NTN
074a NADP/NTN
075a NADP/NTN
0763 NADP/NTN
077a NADP/NTN
078a NADP/NTN
079a CANSAP
080a CANSAP
0813 CANSAP
082a CANSAP
083a CANSAP
084a CANSAP
085a CANSAP
CSSb CAPMoN
086a CANSAP
087a CANSAP
087b APIOS-D
087c APIOS-C
087d CAPMoN
E38a CANSAP
089a CANSAP
090a CANSAP
091a CANSAP
092a CANSAP
093a CANSAP
0943 CANSAP
095» CANSAP
096a CANSAP
697a CANSAP
098a CANSAP
098b CAPMoN
099a CANSAP
NET
SITE
IDENT
08
08 snplr 2
030360
361760
364900
8
360900
367160
380200
380201
381020
350700
392940
394200
3
391520
391521
9051010
421880
430060
030370
460280
450425
455350
4
480060
481300
491410
501860
513640
513700
520860
07 050
06 030
09 000
08 030
06 000
04 030
05 000
406JQ60
06 020
07 060
3011
3011
6112068
04 010
01 000
09 010
08 000
04 000
03 000
01 020
01 030
03 010
12 010
12 000
8501896
01 040
SITE NAME
Raleigh, North Carolina
Raleigh-2, North Carolina
Oliver Knol1, Arizona
Delaware, Ohio
Caldwell, Ohio
Oxford, Ohio
Oxford, Ohio
Wooster, Ohio
AIsea, Oregon
Schmidt Farm, Oregon
H.J. Andrews, Oregon
Teddy Roosevelt NP, North Dakota
Kane, Pennsylvania
Leading Ridge, Pennsylvania
Penn State, Pennsylvania
Penn State, Pennsylvania
Penn State, Pennsylvania
Penn State, Pennsylvania
Clesason, South Carol i.na
Huron, South Dakota
Grand Canyon, Arizona
Cedar Mt, Utah -
Big Bend Nat'I Pk, Texas
Victoria, Texas
Virginia, Virginia
CharlottesviIle, Virginia
Morton's Station, Virginia
Olympic Nat. Park, Washington
Parsons, West Virginia
Trout Lake, Wisconsin
Spooner, Wisconsin
Yellowstone, Wyoming
Atikokan, Ontario
Bissett, Manitoba
Charlo, New Brunswick
Chibougamau, Quebec
Churchi11, Manitoba
Coronation, Alberta
Cree Lake, Saskatchewan ,
Cree Lake, Saskatchewan
Dauphin, Manitoba
Dorset (a), Ontario
Dorset (b), Ontario
Dorset (c), Ontario
Dorset, Ontario
Edson, Alberta
Mould Bay, Northwest Territories
Acadia Fes, New Brunswick
Fort Chimo, Quebec
Fort McMurray, Alberta
Fort Nelson, British Columbia
Fort Reliance, Northwest Territories
Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories
Fort St. John, British Columbia
Gander, Newfoundland
Goose, Newfoundland
Goose Bay, Newfoundland
Hay River, Northwest Territories
Sites In ADS
.ifjcation
LATITUDE LONGITUDE ELEVATION
d m s
35 43 43
35 43 43
d m s (meters)
78 40 48
78 40 48
33 04 17 109 51 53
40 21 19
39 47 34
39 31 51
39 31 51
40 46 48
44 23 13
44 37 35
44 13 23
47 36 09
41 35 52
40 39 32
40 47 18
40 47 18
40 47 18
40 47 00
34 37 23
44 23 02
36 04 18
39 10 15
29 18 07
28 50 43
38 02 23
38 02 23
37 20 06
47 51 36
39 05 23
46 03 09
45 49 21
44 55 02
48 45 00
51 02 00
48 00 00
49 49 00
58 45 00
52 04 00
57 21 00
57 21 00
51 06 00
45 13 00
45 13 23
45 13 26
45 13 00
53 35 00
76 14 00
46 00 00
58 06 00
56 39 00
58 50 00
62 43 00
61 45 00
56 14 00
48 57 00
53 19 00
53 19 00
60 50 00
83 03 58
81 31 52
84 43 25
84 43 25
81 55 31
123 37 22
123 12 50
122 14 32
103 15 54 .
78 46 04
77 56 10
77 56 47
77 56 47
77 56 47
77 57 00
82 43 20
98 13 14
112 09 11
110 37 05
103 10 38
96 55.12
78 32 31
' 78 32 31 ,
80 33 28
123 55 57
79 39 44
89 39 11
91 52 30
110 25 13
91 37 00,
95 40 00
66 20 00
74 25 00
94 04 00
111 27 00
107 08 00
107 08 00
100 03 00
78 56 00
78 55 49
78 55 52
78 56 00
116 27 00
119 20 00
66 22 00
68 25 00
111 13 00
122 36 00
109 10 00
121 14 00
120 44 00
54 34 00
60 25 00
60 21 00
115 47 00
128
128
1173
285
276
284
284
315
84
69
472
618 '
618
282
393
393
393
393
221,
:390
2152
2356
1056
31
172
172
1051
176
305
501
331
1912
393
258
38
402
29
791
499
499
305
319
320
320
320
925
15
61
36
369
383
164
169
695
151
36
30
166
3-Sep-1988
Page 2
FIRST ,.- LAST
ACTIVE ACTIVE
DATE ,,
Aug 1, 1978
DATE
Aug 1, 1978 ..Jan 1,
Aug 25, 1981 ',
Oct 3, 1978
Sep 26, 1978,
Sep 30, 19,78 .
Auq 14, 1984
Sep 26, 1978
Dec 27, 1979
Dec 26, 1979 .
May 13, 1980
May 5, 1981
Jul 18, 1978
Apr 25, 1979
Sep 21, 1976
Jun 7, 1983
Oct 4, 1983''
Jan 9, 198.6 ,
.Mar 27, 1979
Apr 30, 1980
Aug 11, 1981
May 11, 1981
Apr 10, 1980
Apr 15, 1980
Dec 11, 1976
Oct 2, 1984
Jul 25, 1978
May 20, 1980
Jul 5, 1978
Jan 22, 1980 :
Jun 3, 1980
Jun 5, 1980
Apr 30, 1977
May 1, 1977
May 9, 1977
Apr 8, 1977
Jun 1, 1977
' May 1, 1977
May 1, 1977
Jul 1, 1982.
Apr 30, 1977
Jul 13, 1979
Jul 14, 1980
May 31, 1980
' Nov 1, 1983
Jan 2, 1974
Aug 1, 1977
Nov 1, 1979
May 1, 1977
Apr 27, 1977
Jun 3,1977
Jul 6, 1977
Dec 28, 1973
Jun 2, 1977
May 9, 1977
Jul 8, 1977
Sep 30, 1983
Feb 12, 1980
Apr 26,
Oct 2,
Jun 17,
Sep 20,
<»
Jan 17,
Jan 1,
'Jan 1,
,Jan 1,
Jun 30,
Oct 31,
, Jan 1,
Jan 1.
Jun 1
Jan 1
Nov 12
,.
, Apr 1
Aug 1
Jan 1
. Jan 1
1980
1983
1984
1986
1983
1984 '
1983
" 1983
1983
1982
,1982
, 1983
, 1983
, 1986
,' 19'83
, 1982
, 1983
,. 1978
,'' 1983
,. 1983
60
-------
Inventory of Wet Deposition Sites in ADS
ADS
SITE NET
IDENT WORK
100a CANSAP
101a CANSAP
102a CANSAP
103a CANSAP
103b CAPMoN
103c NADP/NTN
103d CAPMoN
104a CANSAP
105a CANSAP
106a CANSAP
107 a CANSAP
107b NADP/NTN
108a CANSAP
109a CANSAP
110a CANSAP
110b NADP/NTN
Ilia CANSAP
lllb CAPMoN
112a CANSAP
113a CANSAP
113b CAPMoN
114a CANSAP
115a CANSAP
116a CANSAP
117a CANSAP
118a CANSAP
119a CANSAP
120a CANSAP
121a CANSAP
122a CANSAP
123a CANSAP
124a CANSAP
125a CANSAP
126a CANSAP
127a CANSAP
128a CANSAP
129a CANSAP
130a CANSAP
131a CANSAP
132a CANSAP
133a CANSAP
134a CANSAP
135a CANSAP
135b CAPMoN
140a CAPMoN
141a CAPMoN
142a APN
143a CAPMoN
143b APIOS-D
144a CAPMoN
145a CAPMoN
149a UAPSP
149b UAPSP
150a UAPSP
151a UAPSP
151b UAPSP
152a UAPSP
152b UAPSP
NET
SITE
: IDENT
07 120
01 010
! 07 03*0
! 10 020
8202586
775048
1 8202593
03 070
05 010
07 072
04 040
775070
08 050
07 010
', 07 090
I 776000
, 08 010
: 7095478
, 07 080
07 020
6016523
1 03 040
, 03 030
; 08 040
1 10 010
. 08 060
09 020
08 020
10 030
' 07 110
12 020
03 020
, 06 010
07 000
i 10 000
03 060
07 130
02 000
07 150
: 05 020
: 03 050
04 020
07 023
! 603KKNB
6050179
1 6101328
. 6134608
i 6144585
' 1011
1 7045216 .
8400405
01
: 01 smpir 2
|01
02
02 smpir 2
:03
03 smpir 2
' SITE NAME
Harrow, Ontario
Inuvik, Northwest Territories
Kapuskasing, Ontario.
Kejimkujik (a), Nova Scotia
Kejimkujik (b), Nova Scotia
Kejimkujik (c) , Nova Scotia
Kejimkujik 2, Nova Scotia
Kelowna, British Columbia
Kindersley, Saskatchewan
Kingston, Ontario
Lethbridge (a), Alberta
Lethbridge (b), Alberta
Maniwaki, Quebec
Moosonee, Ontario'
Mount Forest (a), Ontario
Mount Forest (b) , Ontario"
Nitchequon, Quebec
Nitchequon, Quebec
Peterborough, Ontario
Pickle Lake, Ontario
Pickle Lake, Ontario
Port Hardy, British Columbia
Prince George, British Columbia
Quebec City, Quebec
Sable Island, Nova Scotia
St. Hubert, Quebec ' '
St. John, New Brunswick
Sept Isles, Quebec
Shelburne, Nova Scotia
Simcoe, Ontario
Stephenyi 1 le, Newfoundland
Terrace, British Columbia
The Pas, Manitoba
Trout Lake, Ontario
Truro, Nova Scotia
Vancouver, British. Columbia
Wawa, Ontario
Whitehorse, Yukon Territory
Windsor, Ontario
Wynyard, Saskatchewan
Revel stoke, British Columbia
Rocky Mtn House, Alberta
ELA (a), Ontario
ELA (b), Ontario
Algoma, Ontario
Chalk River, Ontario
Long Point, Ontario
Longwoods (a), Ontario
Longwoods (b),. Ontario
Montmorency, Quebec
Bay d'Espoir, Newfoundland
Montague, Massachusetts
Montague-2, Massachusetts
Turners Falls, Massachusetts
Scranton, Pennsylvania
Scranton-2, Pennsylvania
Indian River, Delaware
Indian River-2, Delaware
i Sites in
itif ication
LATITUDE
d m
42 02
68 18
49 24
44 25
44 26
44 25
44 26
49 58
51 28
44 13
49 38
49 38
46 23
51 16
43 59
43 59
53 12
53 12
44 14
51 28
51 28
50 41
53 53
46 48
43 56
45 31
45 19
50 13
43 43
42 51
48 32
54 28
53 58
53 50
45 22
49 11
47 58
60 43
42 16
51 46
50 58
52 23
49 40
49 40
47 06
46 04
42 36
42 53
42 53
47 19
47 59
42 32
42 32
42 35
41 34
41 34
38 34
38 34
s
00
00
00
58
00
58
00
00
00
00
13
13
00
00
29
29
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00'
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00 '
00
02
00
00
00
00
50
30
30
50
50
ADS
I
LONGITUDE ELEVATION
d
82
133
82
65
65
65
65
119
109
76
112
112
75
80
80
80
70
70
78
90
90
127
122
71
60
73'
65
66
65
80
58
128
101
89
63
123
84
135
82
104
118
114
93
93
84
77
80
81
81
71
55
72
72
72
75
75
75
75
m
54
29
26
12
12
12
12
23
10
36
47
47
58
39
44
44
54
54
21
12
12
22
40
24
01
25
53
15
15
16
33
35
06
52
16
10
47
04
58
12
11
55
43
43
06
24
30
29
28
09
49
32
32
32
59
59
14
14
s (meters)
00 '
00
00
20
00
20
00
00
00
00
16
16
00
00
46
46
00
00
00 .
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00 '
00
00
00
00
00
00
00 '
50
00
00
08
08
55
40
40
45
45
191
68
227
127
127
152
127
430
' 683
92
913
913
170 '
10
415-
410
536
550
191
369
370
22
691
73
4 ,
2"7 '
"109
55
30
241
26
217
273 :
220
40
2
287
703
190
561
443
988
368
369
411
122 ,
175
278
239
640
190
73
73
98
335
335 '
6
6
Dec
Jun
Oct
Jun
May
May
Jan
Apr
May
May
Jul
Apr
May
Jun
Ju!
May
Apr
Aug
Jun
Fefa
Sep
May
Apr
May
Mar
"May
May
Apr
Jan
Jun
May
Apr
May
May
May
Aug
May
Jul
Jun
Mar
Sep
May
Aug
Nov
Sep
Nov
Nov
Dec
Jul
Dec
Nov
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
3-Sep-1988
Page 3
FIRST . , LAST
ACTIVE ACTIVE
DATE
31,
24,
16,
7,
1,
12,
4,
30,
1,
1,
31,
28,
10,
1,
17,
5,
1,
1,
11,
1,
1,
10,
6,
31,
4,
31,
9,
1,
1,
1,
1,
ll'
9,
9,
1,
11,
1,
1,
1,
7,
10,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
14,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1979
1977
1979
1978
1979
1981
1986
1977
1977
1977
1977
1981
1975
1977
1973
1981
1977
1983
1977
1977
1983
1977
1977
1977
1975
1977
1977
1977
1976
1977
1977
1977.
1977
1977
1977'
1977
1977
1977
1977
1974
1979
1977
1979
1978
1980
1978
1978
1982
1980
1980
1981
1978
1978
1980' '
1978
1978
1978
1978
Jan
Jan
Apr
Apr
Jan
Apr
Jan
Mar
Jan
Nov
Jan
Jan
.Mar
,Jan
Jan
'Nov
Jan
Jan
Jan
\Jan
Jan
'Sep
Nov
Nov
Jul
Dec
Dec
Jun
Dec
DATE
1,
1,
1,
3,
1,
3,
1,
.20,
1,
1,
1,
1,
31,
. 1,
1,
'30,
1,
.1,
1,
1,
1,
3.0,
30,
30,
31,
31,
31,
30,
31,
.1983
1983
1984
1984
1983
19,84
1983
1984
1983
1985
1983
1983
1986
1983
1983
'1982
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
' '
,1979
1979
1982
1980
1979
19.79
1980
1979 ''
61
-------
Inventory of Wet Deposition Sites in ADS
Ordered by ADS Site Identification
ADS
SITE NET
IDENT WORK
153a UAPSP
153b UAPSP
lS4a UAPSP
154b UAPSP
1S5» UAPSP
ISSb UAPSP
155c TVA
ISSd NADP/NTN
156a UAPSP
156b UAPSP
157a NADP/NTN
ISSa UAPSP
158b UAPSP
159a NADP/NTN
160a NADP/NTN
161a NADP/NTN
162a NADP/NTN
163a NADP/NTN
163b CANSAP
164a NADP/NTN
16Sa NADP/NTN
166a NAOP/NTN
166b APIOS-D
167a NADP/NTN
168a NADP/NTN
169a NADP/NTN
170a NADP/NTN
171a NADP/NTN
171b HAP3S/PCN
172a NADP/NTN
173a NADP/NTN
174a NADP/NTN
17Sa NADP/NTN
176a APIOS-C
177a APIOS-C
178a APIOS-C
179a APIOS-C
180a APIOS-C
IBla APIOS-C
182a APIOS-C
I83a APIOS-C
184a APIOS-C
186a APIOS-C
187a APIOS-C
188a APIOS-C
189a APIOS-C
190a APIOS-C
191a APIOS-C
192a APIOS-C
193a APIOS-C
194a APIOS-C
19Sa APIOS-C
196a APIOS-C
197a APIOS-C
198a APIOS-C
199a APIOS-C
233a APIOS-C
201a APIOS-C
NET
SITE
IDENT
04
04 saplr 2
05
05 saplr 2
06
06 ssplr 2
GILES CNTY
441140
07
07 saplr 2
058850
09
09 snplr 2
058500
060060
144740
200010
200045
13 000
200277
232240
241840
6051
312980
332020
343310
380840
440040
9
530190
061560
341180
381780
1041
1051
1061
1071
1081
1091
1101
1191
2021
3051
3061
3071
3081
3101
4051
4061
4071
4081
5011
5021
5031
5041
5051
5061
5071
SITE NAME
Zanesville, Ohio
Zanesville-2, Ohio
Rockport, Indiana
Rockport-2, Indiana
Giles County, Tennessee
Giles County-2, Tennessee
GILES COUNTY, Tennessee
Giles County, Tennessee
Fort Wayne, Indiana
Fort Wayne-2, Indiana
Yosemite, California
Lewisburg, West Virginia
Lewisburg-2, West Virginia
Channel Islands, California
Alamosa, Colorado
SaI em, Illinois
Acadia < 11/81, Maine
Caribou (a), Maine
Caribou (b), Maine
Bridgton, Maine
Houghton, Michigan
Fernberg, Minnesota
Fernberg, Minnesota
Princeton, New Jersey
Huntington, New York
R Triangle Park, North Carolina
Lost Creek Dam, Oregon
Walker Branch, Tennessee
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
American Samoa, American Samoa
Sand Spring, Colorado
R Triangle Inst, North Carolina
Pendleton, Oregon
Colchester, Ontario
Merlin, Ontario
Port Stanley, Ontario
Wilkesport, Ontario
Alvinston, Ontario
Shallow Lake, Ontario
Palraerston, Ontario
Huron Park, Ontario
Waterloo, Ontario
Milton, Ontario
Uxbridge, Ontario
Wilberforce, Ontario
CampbelIford, Ontario
Coldwater, Ontario
Kaladar, Ontario
Smith's FalIs, Ontario
Dalhousie Mi I Is, Ontario
Golden Lake, Ontario
McKellar, Ontario
KiIlarney, Ontario
Mattawa, Ontario
Bear Island, Ontario
Ramsey, Ontario
Gowganoa, Ontario
Moonbeam, Ontario
LATITUDE LONGITUDE ELEVATION
d m s d m s (meters)
FIRST
ACTIVE
DATE
3-Sep-1988
Page 4
LAST
ACTIVE
DATE
39 59 02 82 01 05
39 59 02 82 01 05
37 52 50 87 07 47
37 52 50 87 07 47
35 17 05 86 54 11
35 17 05 86 54 11
35 17 05 86 54 11
35 17 05 86 54 12
41 02 39 85 19 08
41 02 39 85 19 08
37 47 49 119 51 30
37 50 50 80 25 00
37 50 50 80 25 00
34 00 57 119 21 43
37 26 29 105 51 55
38 38 36 88 58 01
44 24 30 68 14 42
46 52 08 68 00 55
46 52 08 68 00 55
44 06 27 70 43 44
47 13 33 88 37 50
47 56 45 91 29 43
47 56 51 91 29 26
40 20 44 74 37 01
43 58 19 74 13 25
35 53 47 78 51 38
42 40 04 122 40 59
35 57 41 84 17 14
35 57 41 84 17 14
-14 15 08 170 33 48
40 30 27 107 42 07
35 54 09 78 52 12
45 41 23 118 50 16
41 59 15 82 55 41
42 14 47 82 13 30
42 40 22 81 09 55
42 42 11 82 21 13
42 49 36 81 50 04
44 34 54 81 05 24
43 48 19 80 54 12
43 17 28 81 30 03
43 28 39 80 35 09
43 31 05 79 55 54
44 12 46 79 12 38
45 00 54 78 12 58
44 17 28 77 47 33
44 37 31 79 32 08
44 41 31 77 09 18
44 56 41 75 57 48
45 19 00 74 28 13
45 36 48 77 12 03
45 30 57 79 55 19
45 59 26 81 29 18
46 16 45 78 49 19
46 58 22 80 04 40
47 26 33 82 20 14
47 39 04 80 46 32
49 19 16 82 08 46
250
250
131
131
244
244
244
57
244
244
1408
701
701
49
2298
173
37
191
191
222
193
524
506
37
500
94
475
341
341
73
1998
99
542
183
191
213
183
221
229
389
250
343
221
244
396
175
280
244
122
69
160
244
183
198
305
427
343
244
Aug 1, 1978
Aug 1, 1978 Dec 31, 1979
Aug 1, 1978
Aug 1, 1978 Dec 31, 1979
Aug 1, 1978 Jun 30, 1980
Aug 1, 1978 Jan 1, 1980
May 3, 1978 Nov 27, 1984
Oct 2, 1984
Aug 1, 1978
Aug 1, 1978 Dec 31, 1979
Dec 8, 1981
Aug 1, 1978 Dec 31, 1980
Aug 1, 1978 Dec 31, 1979
Jul 22, 1980 Feb 19, 1982
Apr 22, 1980
Apr 15, 1980
Nov 18, 1980 Nov 3, 1981
Apr 14, 1980
Apr 1, 1980
Sep 30, 1980
Oct 26, 1980 Feb 15, 1983
Nov 18, 1980
Oct 1, 1981
Aug 6, 1980 Jul 7, 1981
Oct 31, 1978
Apr 15, I960 Mar 1, 1983
Oct 21, 1980 Dec 6, 1983
Mar 11, 1980
Jan 6, 1981
May 20, 1980
Mar 20, 1979
Oct 14, 1980 Jan 4, 1983
Apr 15, 1980 Jun 15, 1982
Sep 2, 1980
Sep 2, 1980
Sep 2, 1980
Sep 3, 1980
Sep 5, 1980
Sep 30, 1980
Sep 2, 1980
Oct 2, 1981
Sep 1, 1980
Sep 2, 1980 Mar 28, 1984
Sep 2, 1980
Sep 2, 1980
Sep 4, 1980
Aug 31, 1981
Sep 2, 1980 Nov 10, 1982
Sep 3, 1980
Sep 3, 1980
Sep 2, 1980
Aug 25, 1980
May 28, 1980
Aug 22, 1980
May 29, 1980
May 29, 1980 Jul 25, 1983
Jul 3, 1980
Sep 2, 1980
62
-------
1
1
Inventory of Wet Deposition Sites in ADS
Ordered, by ADS Site Identification ! . '
ADS :
SITE NET
IDENT WORK i
, !
202a
203a
284s
205a
206a
207a
208a
208b
209a
2103
211a
221a
222a
223a
224a
225a
226a
227a
228a
229a
2303
233a
234a
235a
235b
236a
237a
237b
238a
238b
239a
239b
240a
240b
241a
242a
242b
242c
243a
243b
244a
245s
245b
246a
247a
247b
248a
248b
248c
249a
250a
251a
252a
253a
254a
255a
257a
2S8a
APIOS-C
APIOS-C :
APIOS-C '
APIOS-C i
APIDS-C :
APIOS-C
APIOS-C ,
APIOS-D '
APIOS-C
APIOS-C
APIOS-C :
APIOS-D i
APIOS-D
APIOS-D
APIOS-D
APIOS-D
APIOS-D :
APIOS-D
APIOS-D i
APIDS-D
APIOS-D !
APIOS-D i
APIOS-D
UAPSP ;
UAPSP
UAPSP
UAPSP :
UAPSP
UAPSP
UAPSP i
UAPSP
UAPSP
UAPSP :
UAPSP i
UAPSP
UAPSP
NADP/NTN :
UAPSP !
UAPSP :
UAPSP !
UAPSP
UAPSP , 1
UAPSP
UAPSP
UAPSP :
UAPSP '
UAPSP :
UAPSP
NADP/NTN
NADP/NTN
NADP/NTN
NADP/NTN
NADP/NTN !
NADP/NTN
NADP/NTN .
NADP/NTN
NADP/NTN !
NADP/NTN :
' NET
SITE
IDENT
5081
5091
6011
6021
6031
6041
6061
6061
6071
6091
6101
1021
1031
2011
3021
3031 ,
3041
'4011
4021
4031
4041
6071
6081
15
15 smplr 2
23
14
'14 smplr 2
18
18 smplr 2
11
11 smpl r 2
13
13 smplr 2
10
16
251080
16 smplr 2
21
21 smplr 2
22
19
19 smplr 2
12
17
17 smplr 2
20
20 smplr 2
470180
470100
482890
220155
260380
260560
453800
520820
200011
232241
. SITE NAME
Attawapiskat, Ontario
Whitney, Ontario
Dorion, Ontario
Nakina, Ontario
Ear Fai Is, Ontario
Pickle Lake, Ontario
Lac Le Croix (a), Ontario
Lac Le Croix (b) , Ontario
Quetico Centre, Ontario
Expt. Lake Area, Ontario
Winisk, Ontario
Melbourne, Ontario
North Easthope, Ontario
Wei lesley, Ontario
Nithgrove, Ontario
Balsam Lake, Ontario
Raven Lake, Ontario
Charleston Lake, Ontario
RSI Iton, Ontario
Graham Lake, Ontario
Whitman Creek, Ontario
Quetico Centre, Ontario
Forbes Twsp. , Ontario
Selma, Alabama
Selma-2, Alabama
Yampa, Colorado
Uvalda, Georgia
Uvalda-2, Georgia
Lancaster, Kansas
Lancaster-2, Kansas
Clearfield, Kentucky
Clearf ield-2, Kentucky
Winterport, Maine
Winterport-2, Maine
Gaylord, Michigan
Cl inton, Mississippi
Clinton, Mississippi
Clinton-2, Mississippi
Big Moose, New York
Big Moose-2, New York
McArthur, Ohio
Brook ings, South Dakota
Brook ings-2, South Dakota
Alamo, Tennessee
Mai-shsl 1, Texas
Marshal 1-2, Texas
Underhill Center, Vermont
.Underbill Center-2, Vermont
Underhi 1 1 , Vermont
Bennington, Vermont
Shenandoah Nat'l, Virginia
. NACL, Massachusetts
Ashland, Missouri
University Forest, Missouri
Forest Seed Ctr, Texas
Newcastle, Wyoming
'Acadia > 11/81, Maine
Chassel 1 , Michigan
LATITUDE
d m s
52
45
48
50
50
51
48
48
48
49
55
42
43
43
45
44
44
44
44
44
44
48
48
32
32
40
32
32
39
39
38
38
44
44
44
32
32
32
43
43
39
44
44
35
32
32
44
44
44
42
38
41
38
36
31
43
44
47
56 00
32 21
50 33
10 38
38 31
27 41
21 14
21 14
44 24
39 22
12 00
47 15
24 21
28 13
12 01
37 35
36 40
29 54
22 34
35 22
29 07
24 44
34 58
28 25
28 25
10 00
03 18
03 18
34 10
34 10
08 10
08 10
37 05
37 05
56 58
21 06
18 24
21 06
49 03
49 03
14 06
19 54
19 54
47 32
39 58
39 58
31 42
31 42
31 42
52 34
31 21
58 33
45 13
54 39
33 38
52 24
22 27
06 36
LONGITUDE
d m s "
82 24 00
78 15 35
88 36 45
86 42 40
93 13 13
90 12 04
92 12 32
92 12 32
91 12 08
93 43 28
85 08 00
81 33 23
80 53 35
80 45 35
79 04 14
78 51 22
78 54 43
76 02 30
76 35 33
75 51 44
76 49 19
91 12 08
89 38 56
87 05 03
87 05 03
106 55 00
82 28 25
82 28 25
95 18 17
95 18 17
83 27 17
83 27 17
68 58 30
68 58 30
84 38 30
90 17 15
90 19 05
90 17 15
74 54 08
74 54 08
82 28 41
96 49 45
96 49 45
89 08 03
94 25 06
94 25 06
72 52 08
72 52 08
72 52 08
73 09 48
78 26 10
70 01 29
92 11 55
90 19 06
94 51 39
104 11 32
68 15 39
88 33 10
3-Sep-1988
' Page 5
FIRST
ELEVATION ACTIVE
(meters) DATE
Cl
412
244
32£>
350
360
368
368
420
123
9
213
375
344
335
259
274
92
137
130
137
420
324
42
42,
2390
64
64
346
346
235
235
67
67
473
76
96
76
603
603
224
499
499
112
81
81
442
442
399
305
1047
34
239
154
84
1466
122
279
Sep 2,
Sep 2,
Sep 2,
Sep 2,
Sep 2,
Jul 26,
Dec 1,
Sep. 23,
Nov 30,
Oct 5,
Jul 20,
Nov 3,
Nov 1,
Jan 27]
Jan 26,
Nov 21,
Feb 1,
Jan 25^
Jul 14,
Oct 25,
Oct 24,
Oct 16,
Sep 23,
Oct 17,
Oct 23 i
Aug 12,
Oct 13,
Oct 9]
Nov 5,
Oct 12,'
Oct 24,
Jun 25,
Oct 21
Oct 29*
Nov 7
Oct 20'
Jul 10,
Dec 8,
Oct 26,
Nov 22,
Oct 1,
Oct 30,
Nov 18,
Oct 23,
Oct 25,
Nov 23,
Oct 1,
Oct 9,
Jun 12,
Apr 28,
May 12,
Dec 15,
Oct 20,
Oct 27,
Aug 18,
Aug 11,
Nov 3,
Feb 15,
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1981
1981
1981
1981
1982
1980
1980
1981
1981
1980
1981
1981
1980
1980
1980
1981
1981
1981
1981
1982
1981
1983
1981
1983
1981
1985
1981
1984
1981
1981
1984
1985
1981
1985
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1984
1981
.1983,
1984,'
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1983
LAST
ACTIVE
" DATE
Feb 29,
Jul 20,
Mar, 16,
Nov 9,
Oct 30,
Oct 17,
Jan 22,
Aug 3,
Oct 18,
Jun 20j
Nov 5,
Dec 8,
Nov 26,
May 15,
Feb 23,
Nov 12,
Oct 11,
1984
1983
1984
1986
1984
1986
1983
1984
1984
1986
1985
1986
1986
1984
1983
1985
1984
63
-------
ADS
SITE NET
IDENT WORK
2S9a EPA-IV
260a EPA-IV
261a EPA-IV
262a EPA-IV
263a EPA-IV
264a EPA-IV
265a EPA-IV
266a EPA-IV
267a EPA-IV
268a NADP/NTN
269a NADP/NTN
270a NADP/NTN
27la NADP/NTN
272a NADP/NTN
273a NADP/NTN
274a NADP/NTN
27Sa NADP/NTN
276a NADP/NTN
277a NADP/NTN
278a NADP/NTN
279a NADP/NTN
28Sa NADP/NTN
281a NADP/NTN
282a NADP/NTN
283a NADP/NTN
284a NADP/NTN
285a NADP/NTN
286a CANSAP
287a CANSAP
288a GLAD
289a GLAD
290a GLAD
291a GLAD
292a GLAD
293a GLAD
294a GLAD
295a GLAD
296a GLAD
297a GLAD
298a GLAD
299a GLAD
300a GLAD
301a CLAD
3S2a GLAD
303a GLAD
304a GLAD
305a GLAD
306a GLAD
307a GLAD
308a GLAD
3293 GLAD
310a GLAD
311a GLAD
312a GLAD
313a GLAD
3Ha GLAD
31Sa GLAD
316a GLAD
NET
SITE
IDENT
ALTAL
KYGRA
GAHIW
GASUM
MSUNI
TNCEN
KYMAM
SCLON
SCDEL
040260
041620
054200
130480
154100
173120
190620
191260
220815
221325
271340
320720
320980
380260
4521E0
512Be0
520680
312981
03 080
07 140
142360010
141220043
141220034
230420002
230860001
230460004
232740001
232740002
232940001
231420008
230080001
233660002
233660002
233760007
234060002
232340002
234800001
234110002
241040029
241840016
240900001
240800009
333340099
331600099
330860099
332000099
334720099
335760099
360200001
SITE NAME
Tallassee, Alabama
Grayson Lake, Kentucky
Hiawassee, Georgia
Sunmervi I le, Georgia
University, Mississippi
Center Hill Res, Tennessee
Mammoth Cave, Kentucky
Long Creek, South Carolina
Delta, South Carolina
Warren 2WSW, Arkansas
Buffalo River, Arkansas
Tanbark Flat, California
Headquarters, Idaho
Purdue U Ag Farm, Indiana
Konza Prairie, Kansas
N La Hi 11 Farm, Louisiana
Iberia, Louisiana
Quabbin Reservoir, Massachusetts
East, Massachusetts
Give Out Morgan, Montana
Bandelier Nat'I, New Mexico
Cuba, New Mexico
Bull Run, Oregon
Longview, Texas
Lake Dubay, Wisconsin
Pineda Ie, Wyoming
Washington Xing, New Jersey
Puntzi Mountain, British Columbia
Armstrong, Ontario
Evanston, III inois
Jardine Plant, IIIinois
South Water Plant, Illinois
Bay City, Michigan
Beaver Island, Michigan
Benton Harbor, Michigan
Cooper Harbor, Michigan
Eagle Harbor, Michigan
Empire, Michigan
Escanaba, Michigan
Gramd Marais, Michigan
Mount Clemens, Michigan
Mount Clemens, Michigan
Muskegon, Michigan
Ontonagon, Michigan
Port Austin, Michigan
Port Sanilac, Michigan
Tawas Point, Michigan
Duluth, Minnesota
Gooseberry Falls, Minnesota
GulI Lake, Minnesota
Hovland, Minnesota
Cape Vincent, New York
Dunkirk, New York
Fair Haven, New York
Grand Island, New York
Olcott, New York
Rochester, New York
Ashtabula, Ohio
Sites in ADS
; if i cat ion
LATITUDE
d in s
32 34 03
38 14 00
33 53 24
34 28 21
34 23 22
36 02 20
37 13 00
34 48 19
34 32 21
33 35 18
36 05 02
34 12 27
46 37 40
40 28 31
39 06 08
32 45 04
29 55 47
42 23 33
42 23 02
48 28 42
35 46 54
36 02 27
45 27 00
32 22 53
44 39 53
42 55 44
40 18 54
.52 07 00
50 17 00
42 03 36
41 53 41
41 45 25
43 39 30
45 44 30
42 07 00
47 28 00
47 27 28
44 51 16
45 44 30
46 40 00
42 34 00
42 37 02
43 08 40
46 49 20
44 02 50
43 26 20
44 16 00
46 46 07
46 24 40
46 24 40
47 50 50
44 05 30
42 30 13
43 19 08
43 03 30
43 20 27
43 13 48
41 54 30
LONGITUDE ELEVATION
d m s (meters)
85 55 54
82 59 00
83 40 24
85 24 27
89 26 15
85 43 59
86 04 00
83 14 17
81 33 40
92 05 50
92 35 13
117 45 39
115 49 10
86 59 32
96 36 33
93 03 02
91 42 54
72 20 40
71 12 53
105 11 39
106 16 03
106 58 17
122 08 50
94 42 49
89 39 08
109 47 12
74 51 17
124 05 00
88 54 00
87 40 25
87 36 23
87 32 45
83 53 45
85 30 30
86 28 30
87 52 00
88 09 42
86 02 08
87 03 30
85 58 00
82 50 40
82 53 25
86 16 20
89 38 00
82 59 40
82 32 32
83 26 30
92 05 15
91 28 48
94 21 15
89 57 45
76 20 30
79 19 26
76 42 11
78 58 00
78 41 35
77 34 45
80 46 30
153
213
654
202
154
305
219
602
113
78
265
853
969
215
344
61
6
283
20
817
1998
2124
267
107
338
2388
72
911
323
183
194
187
187
183
191
191
188
233
196
191
176
187
190
194
185
190
179
198
206
383
224
80
182
74
173
84
81
179
3-Sep-1988
Page 6
FIRST LAST
ACTIVE
DATE
Mar 30, 1982
Apr 6, 1982
May 4, 1982
May 25, 1982
May 1, 1982
Aug 26, 1982
Oct 26, 1982
Nov 9, 1982
Dec 14, 1982
May 25, 1982
Jul 13, 1982
Jan 12, 1982
Jul 20, 1982
Jul 13, 1982
Aug 17, 1982
Nov 16, 1982
Nov 16, 1982
Mar 5, 1982
Feb 2, 1982
Sep 14, 1982
Jun 22, 1982
Feb 3, 1982
Jul 13, 1982
Jun 29, 1982
Jun 29, 1982
Jan 26, 1982
Aug 4, 1981
Apr 1, 1974
Feb 25, 1974
Jul 7, 1981
Jun 2, 1981
Jun 2, 1981
Mar 24, 1981
Sep 22, 1981
Feb 3, 1981
Jun 23, 1981
Jun 14, 1983
Jun 21, 1981
Jun 9, 1981
Jul 14, 1981
Apr 20, 1982
Mar 24, 1981
Mar 24, 1981
Jul 7, 1981
Apr 7, 1981
Mar 17, 1981
May 5, 1981
Jul 21, 1981
Sep 22, 1981
Jan 19, 1982
Jul 21, 1981
Jan 19, 1982
Jan 19, 1982
Jan 4, 1982
Jan 19, 1982
Jan 19, 1982
Jan 19, 1982
Jan 26, 1982
ACTIVE
DATE
Jan 26, 1988
Jan 1, 1977
Nov 1, 1976
May 17, 1983
Mar 9, 1982
Sep 25, 1984
Nov 5, 1984
Sep 25, 1984
64
-------
Inventory of Wet Deposition Sites in ADS
ADS
SITE NET
IDENT WORK
317a CLAD
318a GLAD
319a GLAD
320a GLAD
321a GLAD
322a GLAD
323a GLAD
324a GLAD
325a GLAD
326a WISC
326b UAPSP
326c UAPSP
327a WISC
328a WISC
328b NADP/NTN
329a NADP/NTN
330a NADP/NTN
331a NADP/NTN
332a NADP/NTN
333a NADP/NTN
334a NADP/NTN
335a NADP/NTN
336a NADP/NTN
337a NADP/NTN
338a NADP/NTN
339a NADP/NTN
340a NADP/NTN
341a NADP/NTN
342a NADP/NTN
343a NADP/NTN
344a NADP/NTN
345a NADP/NTN
346a NADP/NTN
347a NADP/NTN
348a NADP/NTN
349a NADP/NTN
350a NADP/NTN
351a NADP/NTN
352a NADP/NTN
353a NADP/NTN
354a NADP/NTN
355a NADP/NTN
356a NADP/NTN
357a NADP/NTN
358a NADP/NTN
359a NADP/NTN
360a NADP/NTN
361a NADP/NTN
362a NADP/NTN
363a NADP/NTN
364a NADP/NTN
365a NADP/NTN
366a NADP/NTN
367a NADP/NTN
368a NADP/NTN
369a NADP/NTN
370a NADP/NTN
371a NADP/NTN
NET
SITE
IDENT
'' 362100001
. 363620014
; 365260001
365200007
393060099
510180001
1 510360001
' 513600001
. 512200035
! ROUND
25
> 25 smplr 2
: LEGEND
GENEVA
513680
; 011000
040380
056820
058501
1 060180
: 060220
' 061920
120380
: 101400
1 104100
: 112040
; 115000
! 131180
: 061911
: 152020
; 170740
: 173280
1 180360
, 182260
183560
193060
; 211320
' 230980
: 242360
', 492180
' 270560
; 270760
, 320840
; 460120
: 335141
336840
, 343600
i 350880
\ 351180
370060
371740
: 372580
380202
1380980
381800
,491940
491540
:397220
SITE NAME
Fairport Harbor, Ohio
Lorain, Ohio
Put-in-Bay, Ohio
Toledo, Ohio
Erie, Pennsylvania
Cornucopia, Wisconsin
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Manitowoc, Wisconsin
MiIwaukee, Wisconsin
Round Lake, Wisconsin
Round Lake, Wisconsin
Round Lake-2, Wisconsin
Legend Lake, Wisconsin
Geneva Lake, Wisconsin
Lake Geneva, Wisconsin
Blackbelt, Alabama
Caddo Valley, Arkansas
Palomar Mountain, California
Chuchupate, California
Las Animas, Colorado
Niwot Saddle, Colorado
Buffalo Pass, Colorado
Kennedy Space Cent, Florida
Quincy, Florida
Verna Well Field, Florida
BelIviIle, Georgia
Tifton, ARS, Georgia
Reynolds Creek, Idaho
Rocky Mtn Nat'I Pa, Colorado
Huntington, Indiana
Farlington, Kansas
Scott Lake, Kansas
PerryviI le, Kentucky
Li I ley Cornett Woo, Kentucky
Clark State Fish H, Kentucky
Southeast, Louisiana
Wye, Maryland
Raco, Michigan
Camp Rip ley, Minnesota
La Grande, Washington
Glacier Nat'I Park, Montana
Clancy, Montana
Mayhi II, New Mexico
Logan, Utah
West Point, New York
Biscuit Brook, New York
Jordan Creek, North Carolina
Icelandic, North Dakota
Woodworth, North Dakota
Salt Plains Nation, Oklahoma
Great Plains Apiar, Oklahoma
Clayton Lake, Oklahoma
Hyslop Farm, Oregon
SiIver Lake Ranger, Oreaon
Starkey Experiment, Oreaon
Marblemount, Washington
Sullivan Lake, Washington
MiIford, Pennsylvania
n bites in
ntif icat ioi
LATITUDE
d m s
41 45 17
41 28 20
41 39 29
41 41 30
42 07 48
46 51 44
44 31 47
44 03 56
43 04 31
46 13 24
46 13 24
46 13 24
44 53 30
42 34 48
42 34 49
32 27 30
34 10 46
33 18 36
34 48 22
38 07 04
40 03 19
40 32 20
28 32 34
30 32 56
27 22 48
32 08 30
31 28 25
43 12 18
40 17 16
40 50 24
37 39 04
38 40 16
37 40 38
37 04 40
38 07 06
30 48 41
38 54 47
46 22 26
46 14 58
46 50 09
48 44 28
46 29 07
32 54 34
41 39 30
41 21 03
41 59 39
34 58 16
48 46 57
47 07 22
36 48 08
34 58 48
34 31 42
44 38 04
43 07 22
45 13 32
48 32 32
48 50 32
41 19 39
ADS
n
LONGITUDE
d n s
81 16 25 '
82 08 30
82 49 40
83 24 32
80 06 03
91 08 13
87 55 11
87 39 23
87 53 02
91 56 10
91 56 10
91 56 10
88 37 47
88 30 03
88 30 01
87 14 31
93 05 55
116 51 13
119 00 38
103 18 57
105 35 18
106 40 35
80 38 40
84 35 50
82 17 02
81 58 18
83 31 59
116 44 57
105 39 17
85 27 50
94 48 24
100 54 59
84 58 23
82 59 37
83 32 49
90 10 51
76 09 09
84 44 31
94 29 50
122 17 13
113 25 48
.112 04 04
105 28 14
111 53 49
74 02 54
74 30 13
79 31 41
97 45 15
99 14 02
98 12 37
97 31 16
95 21 10
123 11 24
121 03 28
118 30 42
121 26 44
117 17 04
74 49 13
ELEVATION
(meters)
203
192
177
177
183
195
201
189
205
320
320 !
320
270
290
290
58
71
1686
1623
1212
3520
3215
2
69
25
61 r
104
1198
3159
244 !
282
863
277
335
204
78
6
260
410 j
607
1391 ,
1489
2012
1370
203
634
132
308 ;
573 ! '
346
330 :
348
69
1334
1250
120
796
212
FIRST
ACTIVE
DATE
Jan 27, 1981
Feb 17, 1981
Feb 17, 1981
Jan 27, 1981
Jan 18, 1982
Feb 17, 1981
Mar 31, 1981
Jul 7, 1981
Mar 17, 1981
Aug 30, 1982
Jun 1, 1984
Jan 11, 1986
Apr 22, 1982
Mar 28, 1982
Jun 5, 1984
Aug 31, 1983
Dec 30, 1983
Mar 15, 1983
Aug 2, 1.983
Oct 4, 1983
' Jun 5, 1984
Feb 7, 1984
Aug 2, 1983
Mar 13, 1984
Aug 25, 1983
Apr 26, 1983
Oct 4, 1983
Nov 22, 1983
Aug 16, 1983
Aug 22, 1983
Mar 27, 1984
Mar 27., 1984
Nov 29, 1983
Sep 6, 1983
Aug 30, 1983
Jan 18, 1983
Mar 8, 1983
May 1, 1984
Oct 18, 1983
Apr 24, 1984
Jan 25, 1983
Jan 24, 1984
Jan 24, 1984'
Dec 6, 1983
Sep 13, 1983
Oct 11, 1983
Oct 18, 1983
Oct 25, 1983
Nov 29, 1983
Dec 13, 1983
Mar 29, 1983
Feb 1, 1983
Apr 26, 1983
Aug 23, 1983
Mar 6, 1984
Feb 7, 1984
May 8, 1984
Dec 27, 1983
3-Sep-1988
Page 7
LAST
ACTIVE '
DATE :'
May 31, 1984
May 31, 1984
May 31, 1984
Jan 12, 1988
Sep 10, 1986
Aug 12, 1986
Nov 24, 1987
65
-------
ADS
SITE NET
IDENT WORK
372a
373a
374a
375a
37Sa
377a
378a
379a
3803
381a
382a
383a
364a
385a
38Ga
387a
3833
3833
3933
391a
392a
393a
394a
395a
3963
397a
398a
399a
4C3a
4013
4B2a
404a
40Sa
407a
408a
403a
4113
HKS Canyon, Wyoming
Sites in ADS
, if ication
LATITUDE LONGITUDE ELEVATION
d m s d m s (meters)
44 21 18 98 17 38 398
43 56 57 101 51 30 733
28 27 55 97 42 40 75
29 41 20 96 16 29 57
30 15 40 100 33 18 690
33 16 28 99 12 56 424
33 23 30 97 38 23 312
37 58 47 80 56 59 631
43 16 24 76 58 32 78
42 34 49 79 08 02 199
41 57 36 80 34 23 201
35 05 49 90 04 56 73
35 58 52 84 13 32 250
34 46 13
34 46 18
36 26 23
36 36 05
36 19 29
36 25 58
36 16 20
36 31 14
36 27 58
36 50 17
36 10 13
36 26 07
36 17 21
36 26 02
36 01 33
35 59 17
37 11 20
37 04 09
37 08 40
37 08 18
35 37 46
34 51 31
34 52 04
35 55 05
34 53 39
35 38 30
36 44 12
36 44 12
32 56 32
33 48 56
47 03 15
49 48 05
47 28 12
44 49 09
38 44 27
42 54 35
40 57 47
36 47 26
36 47 27
39 24 04
34 00 10
45 34 06
41 17 00
33 29 17
42 43 30
87 50 09
87 54 05
87 36 17
87 27 03
87 41 30
87 42 30
87 45 53
87 33 48
87 34 52
87 10 12
87 50 50
87 36 08
86 23 11
85 58 40
88 02 43
84 32 40
86 58 38
88 46 21
88 49 17
88 48 12
84 46 29
85 43 21
85 43 17
85 44 02
86 05 36
84 18 45
81 41 13
81 41 12
78 39 27
80 49 38
84 24 00
86 46 00
81 52 30
77 11 45
87 29 08
91 28 11
93 23 35
88 04 02
88 04 01
76 59 42
89 47 59
107 26 14
115 49 31
80 21 49
108 51 00
152
146
180
165
195
130
195
174
216
230
115
178
158
347
131
317
139
118
107
113
238
469
457
209
544
271
663
660
5
32
472
351
244
259
134 ,
228
320
181
177
165
134
957
1865
24
2164
3-Sep-1988
Page 8
FIRST LAST
ACTIVE ACTIVE
DATE DATE
Nov 29, 1983
Oct 11, 1983
Feb 7, 1984
Jul 3, 1984
.Jun 26, 1984
May 29, 1984
Sep 20, 1983
Sep 6, 1983
Nov 13, 1984
Oct 16, 1984
Oct 2, 1984
Nov 28, 1978
Nov 30, 1978 Aug 11, 1981
Dec 26,
Dec 26,
Jun 28,
Jun 28,
Jun 29,
Jun 29,
Jun 29,
Jun 28,
Jun 28,
Jun 28,
Jul 1,
Dec 26,
Nov 14,
Nov 28,
Nov 14,
Jan 9,
Nov 21,
May 5,
Dec 26,
Dec 30,
Jan 9,
Nov 14,
Mar 24,
Nov 14,
May 1,
May 17,
May 16,
Oct 2,
Aug 3,
Sep 27,
1978
1978
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1979
1978
1978
1978
1979
1978
1981
1978
1980
1979
1978
1981
1978
1978
1978
1978
1984
1983
1983
Sep
2,
Dec 30,
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Mar
Dec
Mar
Jul
Mar
Dec
May
Jul
Mar
Mar
Oct
Oct
Sep
Jul
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
24,
27,
24,
14,
24,
30,
s,
14,
24,
24,
14,
9,
4,
2,
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1981
1983
1981
1981
1981
1980
1981
1981
1981
1981
1980
1980
1984
1985
Sep 13, 1983
Aug 16, 1983
Jul 24, 1983
Dec 4, 1984
Sep 25
, 1984
Aug 14, 1984
Sep 11, 1984
Oct 2
Jun 30
Oct 3
Jul 17
Jul 13
Jul 18
Jul 19
Aug 21
, 1984
, 1977
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
Oct 1
, 1985
66
-------
Inventory of Wet Deposition Sites in
ADS
SITE
I DENT
432a
433a
435a
436a
437a
438a
440a
442a
443a
444a
445a
446a
447a
448a
449a
450a
451a
452a
452b
453a
454a
455a
455b
456a
456b
456c
456d
456e
457a
457b
4B8a
459a
460a
461 a
461b
462a
463a
464a
465a
466a
467a
468a
469a
470a
471a
472a
473a
474a
475a
476a
477a
478a
479a
480 a
481a
482a
483a
484a
NET 1
WORK
NADP/NTN ;
NADP/NTN
NADP/NTN !
NAOP/NTN :
NADP/NTN i
NADP/NTN ,
NADP/NTN '
NADP/NTN ;
NADP/NTN '
NADP/NTN !
NADP/NTN :
NADP/NTN 1
NADP/NTN :
NADP/NTN '
NADP/NTN ;
NADP/NTN :
UAPSP
APIOS-C !
APIOS-D '
CAPMoN
CAPMoN ,
CAPMoN ;
CAPMoN ;
CAPMoN
CAPMoN
NADP/NTN !
APIOS-C 1
APIOS-D :
CAPMoN ;
CAPMoN '
CAPMoN !
CAPMoN
CAPMoN :
CAPMoN !
CAPMoN j
CAPMoN !
CAPMoN '
EPA-IV '.
EPA- IV '
EPA-IV :
EPA-IV
EPA-III ;
EPA- III '
EPA-III !
EPA-III '
EPA-III !
EPA-III I
EPA-III |
EPA-III .
EPA- VI !
EPA-VI i
EPA-VI
TVA
NADP/NTN
NADP/NTN
NADP/NTN
NADP/NTN ,
NADP/NTN
NET
SITE
I DENT
011020
131500
441400
200046
321280
452215
512500
520681 ,
147860
290080
290560
372920
402020
460110
460281
520261
24
6111
6111
5061376
5041706
6116716
6116719
7028292
7028293
777570
7011
7011
8102151
8102149
8202562
8401289
8401291
6070QK6
6070QK6
6158361
6169291
ALMOB
GADAW
GADUF
GAWAY
DEGEO
DELUM
MDRGP
MD3EC .
WVAPC .
WVGRN
WVNEW
WVWAR
LACAR
LACHS
LAROS
JOHN SEVI2
057680
061980
061981
112380
232571
SITE NAME
Sand Mountain Exp, Alabama
Smiths Ferry, Idaho
Hatchie National W,. Tennessee
Presque Isle, Maine
Capulin Mountain, New Mexico
Guadalupe Mountain, Texas
Suring-NADP, Wisconsin
Gypsum Creek, Wyoming
Monmouth, II 1 inois
Red Rock Canyon, Nevada
Lehman Caves , Nevada
Goodwell Research, Oklahoma
El Verde, Puerto Rico
Bryce Canyon, Utah
Green River, Utah
South Pass City, Wyoming
Shawano, Wisconsin
Otter Island, Ontario
Otter Island, Ontario
Island Lake, Manitoba
McCreary, Manitoba
Pricevi 1 le, Ontario
Pricevi 1 le 2, Ontario
Sutton, Quebec
Sutton 2, Quebec
Sutton, Quebec
Sutton, Quebec
Sutton, Quebec
Harcourt, New Brunswick
Harcourt O.C, New Brunswick
Jackson, Nova Scotia
Cormack, Newfoundland
Cormack-B, Newfoundland
Bonner Lake, Ontario
Bonner Lake 2, Ontario
AES HQ, Ontario
Warsaw Caves, Ontario
Mobi le, Alabama
Dawsonville, Georgia
McDuff le, Georgia
Waycross St. Fores, Georgia
Georgetown, Delaware
Lum's Pond, Delaware
Rocky Gap, Maryland
The Elms, Maryland
Charleson APC, West Virginia
Greenbrier, West Virginia
New Manchester, West Virginia
Warwood Ave, West Virginia
'Carvi 1 le, Louisiana
Chase, Louisiana
Rosepine, Louisiana
JOHN SEVIER 2, Tennessee
Montague, California
Engineer Mountain, Colorado
Molas Pass, Colorado
Fort Frederica Nat, Georgia
Isle Royale Nat'l, Michigan
i Sites in ADS ' 3-Sep-1988
itification Page 9
FIRST LAST
LATITUDE LONGITUDE ELEVATION ACTIVE ACTIVE
d
34
44
35
46
36
31
45
43
40
36
39
36
18
37
38
42
44
48
48
53
50
44
44
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
45
49
49
49
49
43
44
30
00
33
00
38
,39
39
38
38
37
40
40
30
32
30
36
41
37
37
31
48
m
17
17
28
39
46
54
03
13
56
08
00
35
19
37
59
29
42
06
06
52
43
10
10
05
05
04
04
04
29
29
36
16
19
23
23
47
28
40
00
53
00
37
34
43
12
20
48
31
07
14
05
55
23
45
39
45
13
03
s
30
52
04
17
44
30
11
22
00
00
23
27
28
04
54
41
30
50
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
35
35
35
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
07
00
24
00
20
10
12
03
31
39
42
14
27
13
21
20
57
34
08
31
27
d
85
116
89
68
103
104
88
109
90
115
114
101
65
112
110
108
88
86
86
94
99
80
80
72
72
72
72
72
65
65
63
57
57
82
82
79
78
88
00
83
00
75
75
78
76
81
80
80
80
91
91
93
82
122
107
107
81
88
n
57
03
09
00
58
48
22
59
43
25
13
37
48
10
09
49
37
04
04
40
32
40
40
41
41
40
40
40
15
15
50
28
24
07
07
28
08
13
00
40
00
27
43
38
22
37
30
34
41
09
44
19
56
28
47
41
23
38
s
32
49
32
32
54
32
21
27
23
16
04
03
53
22
55
45
28
25
25
00
00
00
00
00
00
35
35
35
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
13
00
34
00
30
50
13
30
11
46
32
59
33
31
22
03
42
57
21
32
02
(meters)
347
1385
107
186
2207 i
1768
247
2428
0
1119
2067
999
430
2475
1244
2512
255
204
204
245
335
475
475
243 'i
243
290 ;
290
290
45
45
91
120
168
245
245.
191
230
8
314 .'
132 .I
41
5
20 '
378
2
183 i
823
366 '
212
i
370
805
2758
3286 '!
3
207 ;
DATE
Oct
Oct
Oct
Jun
Nov
Jun
Jan
Dec
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Feb
Jan
Apr
Apr
Oct
Apr
Jun
Sep
Sep
Jul
Apr
Sep
Jan
Sep
Oct
Oct
Aug
Jan
Aug
Aug
Jun
Jun
Jan
Apr
Mar
Oct
Aug
Sep
Oct
Jul
Jun
Jul
Aug
Aug
Aug
Jul
Oct
Feb
Mar
Mar
Dec
Jun
Jul
Jul
Sep
May
2,
9,
2,
5,
15,
5,
23,
26,
8,
22,
15,
8,
12,
29,
25,
30,
13,
24,
23,
1,
1,
1,
14,
1,
8,
16,
8,
8,
1,
9,
2,
1,
1,
11,
1,
1,
8,
9,
6,
18,
17,
3,
14,
31,
28,
7,
8,
17,
18,
26,
4,
12,
27,
25,-
29,
29,
3,
22,
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1985
1984
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1984
1984
1984
1983
1983
1984
1985
1983
1985
1986
1986
1986
1983
1986
1983
1983
1985
1985
1988
1985
1985
1984
1985
1985
1985
1984
1984
1984
1984.
1984
1984
1985
1984
1985
1985
1985
1983
1985
1986
1986
1985
1985
DATE
Nov 17, 1984
Jul 1, 1985
Apr 30, 1986
Feb 4, 1987
Jan 27, 1987
Mar 5, 1987
Mar 5, 1987
67
-------
ADS NET
SITE NET SITE
IDENT WORK IDENT
485a NADP/NTN
486a NADP/NTN
487a NADP/NTN
4B8a NADP/NTN
489a NADP/NTN
490a NADP/NTN
491a NADP/NTN
492a NADP/NTN
493a NADP/NTN
494a EPA-IV
49Sa APIOS-C
49Sa APIOS-D
497a CAPMoN
498a CAPUoH
499a NADP/NTN
S0Sa NADP/NTN
SBla NAOP/NTN
S02a NAOP/NTN
S03a NADP/NTN
S04a NADP/NTN
S84b NADP/NTN
505a NADP/NTN
506a CAPMoN
S07a APIOS-D
5B8a EPA-VIII
S08b EPA-VIII
509a EPA-VIII
SIBa EPA-VIII
Slla NADP/NTN
512a NADP/NTN
270740
281580
290360
320180
344500
450250
460820
492420
520020
GABFG
5161
4101
7046366
3012459
060221
061921
251960
265000
482960
510960
510561
520021
7091294
6131
SDAPR
SDBPR
SD8GP
SDCUS
060880
060881
SITE NAME
Havre Experiment S, Montana
North Platte Ag. E, Nebraska
Smith Valley, Nevada
Gil a Cliff Dwell in, New Mexico
Clingman's Peak, North Carolina
Muleshoe Nat'I Wil, Texas
Murphy Ridge, Utah
Pa louse Conservati, Washington
Snowy Range, Wyoming
Ealonton, GA, Georgia
Moosonee, Ontario
Wiliaer, Ontario
Port Cartier, Quebec
Esther, Alberta
Sugarloaf, Colorado
Dry Lake, Colorado
Newton, Mississippi
Baker Observatory, Missouri
Whitetop Mountain, Virginia
Popple River, Wisconsin
Popple River Inter, Wisconsin
Nash Fork, Wyoming
Chapais, Quebec
Dawson Creek, Ontario
Pierre, South Dakota
Pierre2, South Dakota
Buffalo Gap, South Dakota
Custer Nat'I Park, South Dakota
Four Mile Park, Colorado
Sunlight Peak, Colorado
Sites
, if icat
in ADS
ion
LATITUDE
d
48
41
38
33
35
33
41
46
41
99
51
44
50
51
39
40
32
37
36
45
45
40
49
48
44
44
43
00
39
39
m
29
03
47
13
44
57
21
45
22
99
12
26
08
40
59
32
20
23
38
47
47
20
49
33
20
20
32
00
24
25
s
52
35
57
26
07
20
27
38
34
99
35
15
00
00
33
05
05
55
20
46
46
25
00
38
38
38
58
00
11
38
LONGITUDE
d
109
100
119
108
82
102
111
117
106
80
76
67
110
105
106
89
93
81
88
88
106
74
89
100
100
103
00
107
107
m
47
44
15
14
17
46
02
11
15
42
31
07
12
28.
46
09
02
36
23
23
11
58
38
14
14
24
00
20
22
s
44
56
24
12
10
34
55
05
34
20
45
00
00
48
48
58
33
22
58
58
20
00
60
42
42
39
00
28
48
ELEVATION
(meters)
815
919
1501
1781
1987
1144
2146
766
3286
172
10
155
180
714
2524
2527
147
415
1680
421
421
2856
381
381
434
434
1024
0
2502
3206
FIRST
3-Sep-1988
Page 10
LAST
ACTIVE ACTIVE
Jul
Sep
Aug
Jul
Nov
Jun
Mar
Aug
Apr
Jun
Oct
Oct
Dec
Jan
Nov
Oct
Nov
Oct
Sep
Dec
Dec
Nov
Oct
Oct
Dct
Oct
Nov
Sep
Dec
Jan
DATE
30,
24,
7,
29,
26,
18,
25,
20,
22,
3,
1,
24,
1,
12,
4,
14,
11,
14,
30,
30,
30,
18,
14,
1,
28,
28,
25,
3,
29,
13,
DATE
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1986
1985
1986
1986
1985
1985
1985
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1987
1986
1986
1986
1986 Jan 21, 1987
1987
1987
1988
-------
-------
-------
-------
Q) O
3-?
^1-
=*
I 8
CO
o
o
If y
det
(Ti
0
O
CO
m
<0 3
(B <
33
-< 3
CD
3
>
O
5'
9.
il
n> if
ST. O
01
fo
O)
CD
-o
m
30
TO
O
co
-H
>DB
c
o -n
rn>
9 ESS
* 5
O
------- |