-------
•M
O)
co ic
en CLI
r— 'W1 S_
M— *»VO QJ -Q
SO QJ o
res i— o i. to
f- 1- +J O.
CD+-> CL aj TJ
US 3 0) J_ E
•r- O 00 «3
O >._< Q
03 +J +J
S- -Q (d E
O) C C_) "° ,2f
CO <1) 3
•r- Q. -M r^ /)
trt M-
LU
QC
U_
36
-------
en
to
:c
on
Q
Q
LJJ
O
O
O
•=c
a
;=C
p
O
13.
es
;z
i— ^
a
— i
o
CXD
t—
as
UJ
H=
<
ec
4
C.
3
3
CJ
H-
2
C
CJ
C
c.
u
»—
ffl
L
<
?s
va ea
3
0
_l
CD
ea
o
Q.
£i
OS i— i
u_ 3:
i
u-
^->
=)
°s
UJ
aC
Q£
UJ
o •
H- UJ
(/> O
|
«c
a
ST
5s
1
_j
Z
u
O£
UJ
3
3C
O
OS
20
O 3
_j o
u_ a.
i
o
h— <
11
_> 0
u. a.
z
HH
t
P
*•"•
1—
I
1
o ~
2SS*''0 § r- V V OV«-a> i- CM P~
e\j f— o e\j en ir» ^
^T cl ^ i-T . i-
CM« ^- 0 —.1-0
«o CMOI— oor^.«r— coeor* o r- owi cnoca evj
V9)9te tf» uoir> cotoa»«*veovr*03C3V«3OOi
— S°"fl'~ S " g35S~cv<~Kin-2:
« * • • •
,_ <\j f— i— ^
« f*r- ^rcxjcocjcn « 2 .-,
co o» co a> cr> co r* ^ u^ co r- *o in to ea o> irt
gSSS10-0 S * ««§'-§ s~g «
A * * * *
•—CM c— •— *—
m irt^p— oocoir»co ^*r^S«**
?- or*r*co »— r* co o u» *i- co •— «r co ^- o» o co
r^.*— m^-co ^^o>^coc\»co *o co r— r»
S r- cv f— r- *r to «*•
j^ CO ^m p"" *^
r- ^ COO* r— O CO O tf> ^^ w
cvi r*,— !—,— o*— ocoora*o •— •— o* «o o
ifi •«*• *J- ID C3 C\J*J-f— VCOVr— r— CM<^OOCOVU3 ^O »— O CM to 03
S ~ • S v " 5vSeo S- P .
So r* o **• •— oa f— i— *—
f^, r— in o cnocom^ co co— »
co r*. r— r* r- eor*inomcocnm o •— co co en a» co
SCM ^ e\j co^ co m ca o
„ o • • *
e— fSJ <— »— r"
S5?oS~ cnocoSS^-inP- r^5. «! °°
,-! V en *r-^^>coo co cnui " ^ v ^ * ^*o"cnV"^V*co5^V''vcSr*
QV S *~ In»nca'~"incocr»
,_r CM i^ ^
t~~
**
eno cocococo r* ocoo5r-caco ^^^ "? ^"^
'vLn'dr^co'jn ^ « IA W V ^ ^ SS2S^2?c3°SV*1V "
p.. e\j comcnco inr—
r-^ CM 1-^ i-^
O£
UJ
^ ^ ea es H- •-*
C3 UJ UJ UJ UJ h- CJ
03 CS > Q _I«CO
>. ^ >- _J ^ CO *-• Z ^-«
i— i « x o uj ca H-
... i— — ej o tfl O- t-t •< uj uj
lr r-^e ac «4fl_j_i_io£ >- — • ,
5 uj > z => w ea oo co XH- ac ac ^ -^»
«t ej S 5aco>— '"^z^ea »-* uj uj i— • uj uj«c=» uui=i>-z-^*
2 ^ S z=3Scjo2S-jS coaf— W3_i— J— i_j_JO£i-Kaci— •-•>— —.e
55S^oi^o:Sj=ocJoa: Luco
QSScelmtJOoEoocEOOOZZ>-o:<»-«f— t— >— H- H- o.uji-t^-tu-«ce*t —
§wSSor_j3zv30w = oS!ji— t— coooooujac-i-jo-jzi-*^
55ttSoS^zo^.*-tt-i_jci;«cc3v-ioujH-t— »— I— ooLLjujt-io=)««c_j«J3:
5SSca555S— S ou7SzeaczQ.a:i i i i II-WCOWCOXC-CQ.
v>
0
J=
^*
C
o>
«
ex
c
(/I
•+*
•her wise Indicated.
on Limits, with detection Urr
0 -'
u
Ut O)
O OJ
p- ca
= |
r-*dj
^s. CO
Ol
E
CO
«— 1 -J
•K OO
37
-------
activities have reversed the gradient between the Upper 'and Lower
Aquifers to such an extent, that the Lower Aquifer is recharging
the Upper Aquifer through the semi-permeable Mahogany zone.
A comparison of the inflow and the outflow of the Tract C-b
treatment system indicated no significant changes except for
reductions in total suspended solids and pH when flocculent and
sulfuric acid were added. (see Table 8). This relationship is
true for the samples collected during the period of chemical
treatment (i.e., flocculent and sulfuric acid) and the periods
without chemical treatment. Once again, this aspect is probably
due to the exposure of the groundwaters to atmospheric con-
ditions. The fact that many of the constituents increased
slightly after residence in the retention ponds Vindicates that
this type of treatment method may not be totally effective for
groundwaters.
Baseline water quality information is also available for
Tract C-b. These data include locations above and below Tract C-
b on Piceance Creek, as well as groundwater data for both the
Upper and Lower Aquifers. This information is included in Table
9. In addition, both the quality data for the treatment system
on Tract C-b collected during this study and the Federal Drinking
Water Standards are also included in Table' 9. '••
An inspection of Table 9 indicates that the mean values for
some constituents in the discharge from Pond B exceeded, in some
cases, the mean values in the Upper Aquifer baseline groundwater
quality concentrations. These constituents include bicarbonate,
carbonate, conductivity, flouride, molybdenum, (except during
sulferic acid and flocculent treatment) nitrate, potassium, TDS1,
and sodium. However, these increases were fairly minimal and,
therefore, not large enough to insinuate significant degradation
in the quality of groundwater derived from Tract C-b.
The mean values of the following constituents upon discharge
from Pond B exceeded baseline conditions for the mean values
along Piceance Creek at the site below Tract C-b (see Table 9):
ammonia, bicarbonate, boron, carbonate, conductivity, dissolved
oxygen (lower concentration), TDS, temperature, sodium, alkalin-
ity, and pH. One obvious reason for the elevated values of the
above constituents relative to the baseline conditions of
Piceance Creek is the fact that the water discharged from Pond B
is derived entirely from the groundwater system, which is of
poorer quality than Piceance Creek.
38
-------
oo
Q
Di
a
-<
II 1
_l
<=c
%
C-b HOLDIN
1
S
i
i
1
CD
2
1
i
|
a
1
r^
X
O
Oi
S
|
VI
*s
I
DRINKING .
y STANDARDS'
11
a
i
1C
ii
go.
u. m
^
||
|«
"S
^ffi
u U
J U
Ii
i
3
ee
i
oe
g:
ll
u
z =
ss
Is
= =
53
=c3
is
53
Is
ll
sis
II
33
1
u
ad
i
~
O 0 CO S
ey d o o
<•».— en O*M un o —
:• ~- :- :-~ "" -
So oooocojo r-o eo oS r— CM eo in o a in CM
2 - R - SiSSS - ~S^ VZ
SS <. =0 S
oocnocooca o o r-en oinoui in ca in en -voeoor-co a p « ocn
vm<0p- es P- enco^vtMvr-mVcn
co in co »CM m P-
eo CD fMr» *IMCOCM o t i i tp-ooooo i •» en
f- co ao •— us f— oo m CM CM CD co •*•
«o in o P- eo in
eo 91 r- CM
o<— Stnr.jrt r> to o en o co r- — ei o co
OCMCMOP-COCO •» t en O o in o o e*i m t t i ienor— cocno ICMCD
In l*"~ eo "** S *~*S 5
CO "°«0 ^ "
O eo r~ in CM r—
O eo ov o oi—
CMO •— en O o (—
r-^oocDiooo o i lor^cpeacMp- o i i i t IOCMOOO i i en
CM *T (O r—
i— CM P- o a
eno ^ m o «r CM o o 10
en CM r» CM r-. r— » o r— eo CM
<— to P- coeM
— ' —
xx eso ni— •
•* uj »wtaoo C^'X — = a o « 5 H^CT
Z 1— LU « -s. uj *- i uj UJ =3 Z =3 V> O M VI ^ ^ ^ ^ C i-.**
Xc^t-ioecx^.^^ c/aov>^o«a— IP- p- ^
III § .
1 PllfS
" £SSS2°r;
g- •% s = S I-™?:
• -lsa=fs
^ ^'^^"•Saiaj
nj
39
-------
CONCLUSIONS
This discussion is divided into two sections. The first
section addresses the effectiveness, of a one-pond or two-pond
system without chemical treatment (i.e., flocculent and sulfuric
acid). The second section presents conclusions concerning the
effectiveness of adding a flocculent to decrease total suspended
solids concentrations and adding sulfuric acid to decrease the pH
in the treatment system. It should be noted that the discussions
of the respective pond systems with respect to water quality data
and the resultant changes are presented using mean values of
respective water quality constituents.
Effect i veness of System Without Chemi cal Treatment
The one-pond system addressed here consisted of the West
Retention Pond on Tract C-a. With respect to Jeffrey Pond, it
was not included as part of the assessment due to its extremely
small size and corresponding short retention time. It was felt
that even though the water passed through Jeffrey Pond before it
entered the West Retention Pond, the holding time was so small
that effects on water quality were believed to be negligible
compared to the West Retention Pond.
The overall quality remained essentially unchanged as the
water passes through the West Retention Pond. The decrease in
total suspended solids concentrations from 6.3 -mg/1 to below
detection limits is not significant.
The two-pond system assessed during this study is located on
Tract ' C-b and consisted of the primary retention pond (Pond A)
and the secondary retention pond (Pond B), which are in-series.
Samples were collected for the inflow to Pond A and the outflow
from Pond B on six occassions. In addition, one sample was
collected when flocculent and sulfuric acid were added, as dis-
cussed below. Similar to the one-pond system, fluctuations for
most of the water quality constituents were insignificantly small
(less than 10%). Total suspended solids concentrations remained
unchanged (less than 10 mg/1). Concentrations of other con-
stituents varied slightly but not significantly. In summary, the
general water quality did not improve nor was it degraded, after
treatment in the two ponds (without chemical treatment).
Treatment with F1occulent and Sulfuric Ac i d
A magnifloc cationic flocculent designed to precipitate out
suspended solids concentrations was added to the two-pond system
on Tract C-b. This was done at a time when mining activities
were occurring and large increases in total suspended solids were
expected to be observed in the two ponds.
Water quality samples were taken on September 16, 1981 at
the inflow to Pond A and the outflow from Pond B to assess the
effectiveness of the flocculent. The concentration of suspended
40
-------
solids at the inflow to the system was found to be 565 mg/1, with
the concentration reduced to 6.0 mg/1 at the outflow of the
system. These data clearly indicate the effectiveness of the
flocculent, as the suspended solids concentration was reduced by
about 99%. At the, same time, the silica concentration increased
(from 23 mg/1 to 35 mg/1) and the total dissolved solids concen-
tration increased (from 1,354 mg/1 to 1,517 mg/1). However,
these increases did not significantly degrade the water quality,.
At the same time as the flocculent was added (during mining
activities), 'sulfuric acid was also added in order to reduce th.e
pH of the water be.fore it was discharged from the two-pond
system. The water sampled at the inflow point had a pH of 9.2,
compared to a value of 7.8 at the outflow point, which reflects
the addition of sulfuric acid. At the same time, alkalinity was
reduced from 1147 mg/1 to 926 mg/1 (a decrease of 19%), while
acidity remained stable at <5 mg/1. The one apparent effect of
adding sulferic acid was an increase in sulfate from 186 mg/1 to
311 mg/1 (an increase of 77%). However-, this increase in sulfate
did not seriously degrade the water quality.
The overall conclusion regarding the effectiveness of the
one- and two-pond systems is the same. The wate:r quality con-
stituents analyzed for in this study were not appreciably
affected by the respective pond systems. With respect to the
addition of flocculent and sulfuric acid, both additives appear
to adequately treat specific constituents. The flocculent was
very effective in reducing suspended solids concentrations and
the sulfuric acid reduced the pH. These changes occurred without
significant degradations of the general water quality.
41
-------
CHAPTER 4
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS
FIELD SAMPLING PROGRAM QUALITY CONTROL
Grab samples were collected in 5-gallon carboys at each of
the sampling points. Previous to sample collection, the carboys
were thoroughly rinsed with a deionized water to prevent cross-
contamination. In addition, samples were collected as close tp
the discharge point as possible in an effort to obtain
representative samples. Immediately upon sample collection, the
following constituents were measured with portable instruments:
pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance. In
order to obtain accurate measurements the samples were analyzed
for a period of at least 20 minutes, which allowed the
instruments to equilibrate. In addition, all of the instruments
were calibrated previous to sample measurement. The instruments
were thoroughly cleaned with deionized water after each sample.
Samples which required filtering were filtered with high
purity nitrogen in a Skougstad-type filter apparatus. This
apparatus is' composed of a polyethylene material and can be
pressurized to force the sample through a 0.45 micron filter into
the sample container. The dissolved organic carbon samples were
filtered with a stainless steel apparatus through a 0.45 micron
silver membrane filter to prevent the introductio,n of organics.
Previous to the introduction of another sample into the filtering
units, the units were disassembled and thoroughly decontaminated
with deionized water. In addition, a new filter was installed
into each unit previous to the filtration of another sample.
Following filtration, preservatives were added to the
sample, if necessary. In addition, the samples were placed in
ice chests and cooled to 4 degrees Celsius with ice. The U.S.
EPA (1979a) recommended procedures were utilized for sample
preservation. In addition, the U.S. EPA recommended sample
volume requirements, containers, and holding times were used as
guidelines during this study. All of these aspects are shown in
Table 10.
Samples were shipped from Rifle, Colorado to the Colorado
State University laboratory in Fort Collins and Core laboratories
in Denver. Commercial buslines were used for these sample
shipments due to the overnight services provided by these
buslines. This arrangement worked very well throughout the
duration of the project and, in every case except one, the sam-
ples were received by the laboratory within 18 hours of the
sampling effort. The exception was during the July 20., 1982,
sampling effort in which the samples were not received by the
Colorado State University laboratory until 36 hours after the
samples were collected.
42
-------
TABLE 1O
U.S. EPA RECOMMENDED SAMPLE PRESERVATIVES,
VOLUME REQUIREMENTS, CONTAINERS, AND HOLDING TIMES
(U.S. EPA. 1979)1
Constituent
RESIDUE
Filterable
Non-
Filterable
Total
Volatile
Settleable"
Matter
Turbidity
METALS
Dissolved
Suspended
Total
Mercury
Dissolved
Total
Req.
(ml)
100
100
100
100
1000
100
200
200
100
100
100
2
Container Preservative
P, G Cool, 4°C
P, G Cool, 4°C
P, G Cool, 4°C
P, G Cool, 4°C
P, • G None Req.
P, G Cool, 4°
P, G HN03 to pH<2
Cool, 4°C
P, G HNO3 to pH<2
P, G HNO3 to pH<2
P, G HN03 to PH<2
Holding
Time
-
7 Days
7 Days
7 Days
7 Days
24 Hrs.
7 Days
6 Mos . ( 4 }
6 Mos . ( 4 5
6 Mos . ( 4 }
38 Days
(Glass )
13 Days
(Hard
Plastic)
38 Days
(Glass)
13 Days
(Hard
Plastic)
(continued)
43
-------
Constituent
INORGANICS ,
Non-Metallic
Acidity
Alkalinity
Bromide
Chloride
Cyanides
Fluoride
Nitrogen
Ammonia
Nitrate
Phosphorus
Ortho-
phosphate,
Dissolved
Total
Silica
Sulfate
Sulfide
Vol.
Req.
(ml)
100
100
100
50
500
300
400
100
50
50
50
50
500
TABLE 1O
(Continued)
2
Container Preservative
P, G
P, G
P, G
P, G
P, G
P, G
P, G
P, G
P, G
P, G
P only
P, G
P, G
None Req.
Cool, 4°C
Cool, 4°C
None Req.
Cool, 4°C
NaOH to pH 12
None Req.
Cool, 4°C
H2SO. to pH<2
Cool, 4°C
Cool, 4°C
Cool, 4°C
H-SO. to pH<2
Cool, 4°C
Cool, 4°C
2 ml. zinc
acetate
Holding
Time^
24 Hrs.
24 Hrs.
24 Hrs.
7 Days
24 Hrs.
7 Days
24 Hrs.
24 Hrs.
.
24 Hrs.
24 Hrs.
7 Days
7 Days
24 Hrs.
Organic carbon 25
P, G
Cool, 4 C
H2S04 or
HC1 to pH<2
(6)
24 Hrs.
(continued)
44
-------
TABLE 1O
(continued)
1. More specific instructions for preservation and
sampling are found with each procedure as detailed in
this manual. A general discussion on sampling water
and industrial wastewater may be found in &STM,
Part 31, p. 72-82 (1976) Method D-3370. '
2. Plastic (P) or Glass (G) . For metals, polyethylene
with a polypropylene cap (no liner) is preferred.
3. It should be pointed out that holding times listed
above are recommended for properly preserved samples
based on currently available data. It is recognized
that for some sample types, extension of , these times
may be possible while for other types, these times may
be too long. Where shipping regulations present the
use of the proper preservation technique or the holding
time is is exceeded, such as the case of a 24-hour
composite, the final reported data for these samples
should indicate the specific variance.
4. Where HNO, cannot be used because of shipping
restriction's, the sample may be initially preserved by
icing and immediately shipped to the laboratory. Upon
receipt in the laboratory, the sample must;be acidified
to a pH<2 with HNO, (normally 3 ml. 1:1 HNC>3/liter
is sufficient). At the time of analysis, the sample
container should be thoroughly rinsed with 1:1 HNO,
and the washings added to the sample (volume correction
may be required).
5. Data obtained from National Enforcement Investigations
Center-Denver, Colorado, support a .four-week holding
time for this parameter in Sewerage Systems.
(SIC 4952).
45
-------
LABORATORIES QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS
Two laboratories were utilized during this sampling project.
They consisted of the University of Colorado laboratory and CORE
laboratories. The quality assurance programs for each will be
individually discussed below.
CORE Laboratories
I. Instrument Quality Control
A. Calibrations and Standardizations
(1) Instruments are checked daily for
temperature consistency, weighing
accuracy, etc. prior to sample
introduction to assure proper
operation.
(2) Detection limits and linear working
range data are verified by using
sample blanks, standards, standard
additions, sample spiking, etc.
B. Service
Instruments receive periodic servicing to
assure proper functioning within specif-
ications. Special care is taken to insure
precise and accurate operation of all
analytical balances, being the initial
source of laboratory accuracy. Files
are maintained on all major analytipal
.instruments to document servicing.
II. Laboratory Supplies and Reagents
A. Water
(1) Tap water - used as a preliminary
wash for glassware daily.
(2) Deionized water - obtained by
passing through Cation-Anion ion
exchange columns. This water meets
all specifications set forth by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
B. Reagents - all A.C.S./analytical grade
C. Solvents - all A.C.S./analytical grade ;
D. Volumetric Glassware - all glassware •
used for this purpose meets Class A
requirements as set forth by the National '
Bureau of Standards. This glassware
includes volumetric flasks and pipets
•which are always used for standard
preparation and measurement of sample
volumes, as well as for other purposes.
III. Internal Quality Control/Precision and Accuracy
To assure that data be both precise and accurate,
duplicate samples, spiked samples, and internal
unknowns are run on a routine basis within the Aurora
46
-------
Lab, as well as within the entire CORE laboratories
network for comparative purposes.
In addition, the data base is evaluated on CORE'S
computer system prior to report finalization for
statistically known correlations. These correlations
include sodium conductivity, anion/cation balances,
cation/anion sums, total dissolved solids, maximum oil
and grease, maximum BOD, and nitrogen relationships.
Ultimately, a data base which has had individual
data point pairs compared against themselves,
individual sample inter-relationships compared against
themselves and sample interrelationships compared
against other samples within the same area or project
wi11 be provi ded.
.This detailed procedure performed .on a continuing
basis results in water quality data that is both
precise and accurate.
IV. Sample Tracking
Sample bottles with the appropriate preservatives
added . are supplied by the .laboratory for use in the
field. Records are maintained which indicate bottle
groupings, client name, client location, and total
bottles shipped. This information is then cross-
referenced upon sample receipt.
V. Analysis Reporting
Raw data is handled a single time when entered
into the in-house PDP-11 computer for calculation,
storage, and reporting. The data base analyses
previously mentioned is then performed !and appropriate
analyses are re-checked and re-entered into the
computer. Subsequent data manipulation, i.e.,
additional reports, transfer of data base to client
computers, storage, etc. are handled electronically to
insure integrity of the data.
Colorado State University
Colorado State University laboratory has a quality con-
trol program in the following areas: sample preservation,
sample analysis, and data handling. These programs are per-
formed according to the criteria of the U.S. EPA (1979b).
Each of these items are discussed further below.
The sample analysis quality control involves the use of
blanks and duplicates. For example, both a blank and dup-
licate sample are analyzed per sample set. In addition, a
standard curve consisting of four or more values is estab-
lished and compared to the analytical results. The sample
47
-------
analysis quality control also involves analyzing the U.S.
EPA Reference Standard and biannual participation in the
U.S.. EPA performance study.
In regard to the data handling, records are kept of the
correlation coefficient, slope, and the intercept of the
standard curve. These records are used to insure linearity
and acceptability of standards. In addition, quality con-
trol charts are kept to provide criteria for, accepting data1.
Kaman Tempo Qua!ity Control
Kaman Tempo also performed internal quality control
measures for the data received by the laboratories. These
measures consisted of calculating the cation-anion balance
for the data set and the evaluation of general water quality
trends at each sampling point. The ions utilized for the
cat ion/an ion balance calculation consisted of calcium, mag-
nesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate,
and chloride. The data was considered to be fairly accurate
if the difference between the cations and anions did not
exceed ten percent.
These quality control measures resulted in identifying
some potential problems with the analytical data received
from the Colorado State University laboratory. For instance.
some data sets had a cation-anion balance off by as much as
45 percent. However, by the time the data , was received^
many of the constituents were beyond the recommended holding
periods and, therefore, a reanalysis would probably not have
resulted in more accurate data.
An additional problem associated with the Colorado State
University data were the analytical results for some fairly
volatile constituents. For example, ammonia and nitrate are
very inconsistent and, in some cases, reflect very abrupt
increases which are not characteristic with historic trends.
48
-------
REFERENCES CITED
American Public Health Association, 1975. Stndard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th Edition,
1193p.
C-b Shale Oil Venture, 1977. Environmental Baseline Program,
November 1974 - October 1976. Final Report.
Fox, J.P., D.S. Farrier, and R.E. Paulsen, 1978. Chemical
characterization and analytical considerations .for an in-
situ oil shale process water. LETC/RI -78/7, Laramie Energy
Technology Center.
Hem, J.D., 1971. Study and Interpretation of the Chemical
Characteristics of Natural Water. U.S. Geol. Survey Water-
Supply Paper 1473, 363 p.
Lawrence Berkley Labs (LBL), 1978. Diffuse source effects on in-
situ oil shale development on water quality. Draft report.
McKee, J.E., and H.W. Wolf, 1963. Water Quality Criteria:
California State Water Quality Control Board'. Publication
3-A, 548p.
Pfeffer, P.M., 1974. Pollution Problems and Research Needs for
an Oil Shale Industry. Environmental Development on Water
Quality. Draft Report. :
Rio Blanco Oil Shale Company, 1977. Final Environmental Baseline
Report for Tract C-a and Vicinity. Volume 2.
Rio Blanco Oil Shale Company, 1983. Scope of Work, Lease
Suspension Period, Environmental Monitoring Program.
Submitted to Area Oil Shale Office.
Slawson, 6.C., Jr. (ed .), 1979. Groundwater Quality Monitoring
and Western Oil Shale Development: Identification and
Priority Ranking of Potential Pollution Sources, EPA-600/7-
79-023, U.S., Environmental Protection Agency.
Sla.wson, G.C., Jr. (ed.), 1980. Monitoring Groundwater Qualitys
Th-e Impact of In-Situ Oil Shale Retoring. EPA-600/7-80-132:,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Stuber, H.A., and J.A. Leenheer, 1978. Fractionation of Organic
Solutes in Oil Shale Wastes for Sorption Studies on
Processed Shale. U.S. Geol. Survey, paper presented at ACS
Fuel Sciences Division Symposium.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1979(a). Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. EPA-600/4-79-020,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
49
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1979(b). Handbook for
Analytical Quality Control in Water and Wastewater
Laboratories. EPA-600/4-79-019.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1977. Water Resources Data for Colorado
Water Year, 1975, Volume 2. Colorado .River Basin. Water
Resources Division, Report No. USGS/WRD/HD-77/005.
Weeks, J.B., 6.H. Lewesley, F.A. Welder, and G.J. Saulnier, Jr.
1974. Simulated Effects of Oil Shale Development on the
Hydrology of Piceance Basin, Colorado. U.S. Geological
Survey Professional Paper 908.
50
-------
APPENDIX A
ANALYTICAL AND FIELD DATA FOR THE SAMPLING SITES ON TRACT-C-a
51
-------
TABLE A-l: ANALYTICAL AND FIELD DATA FOR THE MINE INFLOW TO JEFFREY POND
Constituents*
ABBREVIATED MONITORING
Ammonia (NH,-N)
Arsenic
Bicarbonate
Carbonate
Calcium
Chloride
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Mercury (ug/1)
.Molybdenum
Nitrate (N03-N)
Potassium
Selenium
Silica
Sodium
Sulfate
Vanadium
Acidity (As CaCOj)
Alkalinity (As CaCOj)
9/17/81
0.11
<0.01
532
<1
36
'8.34
1.71
0.06
83
<0.3
<0.1
<0.1
0.35
<0.01
23
200
430
<0.5
<5
469
5/27/82
.28
<0.005
548
5.1
32
7.9
1.1
.017
78.9
<.001
<0.05
.09
.8
<.02
11
190
388
5.6
458
Sampling Date
7/20/82 9/23/82 11/17/82
.467
<.003
577
6.06
44.1
8.23
1.51
.15
77.1
<.001
<.05
<1.0
.531
.<.002
" 12.3
191
343
5.25
483
.333
.003
527
7.59
46.3
8.52
1.4
1.00
95
<-001
<.03
<1.0
1.26
<.002
174
438
<0.1
3.51
445
<.005
599
9.09
48.7
7.74
1.2
<.01
77.5
.052
.245
.666
<.002
12.7
193
414
3.79
506
1/7/83
.354
<.005
- 554
9.44
32.6
7.89
1.32
.085
76.2
.001
<.03
.231
.615
<.01
12.1
195
400
<.005
3.13
470
3/9/83
.253
<.005
548
3.02
31.9
7.89
1.21
<.01
72.8
<.001
.107
2.02
.136
<.01
12.0
195
400
<.U05
9.45
454
*In mg/1, unless otherwise indicated.
52