USEB'S GUIDE TO:
                   Beta-Test Version 1.0
CLOSURE EVALUATION SYSTEM
•An t/xha/rt
         
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                            USER EVALUATION FORM

Mail to:                      Daniel  Greathouse
                   Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
                    U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                        26 W. Martin Luther King Dr.
                           Cincinnati, OH  45268
         We hope that you've enjoyed using the Closure Evaluation
         System (CES)  and will take a few minutes to fill out and
         return this evaluation form.  Your specific comments will
         help us to refine and improve the system.
   1. What kind of problems did you have, if any,  in installing the system?
   2. Did you experience difficulties, in using the system? rf, so.,, what: were
     they  and  under what circumstances did they occur?
   3:., Were:\th&:anscreen directions clear and,,accurate?,. Lf,.,not,, where
     specif ically: could thiey; be improved?. '
   4.  Did  you encounter any problems while working with, the V-CES, F-CES,
      or L-CE3 modules?
   5. Were you able to print out your work without difficulty?  If not, what
     kinds  of  problems did you experience?
   6-  Da you ha.ve any additional, comments . (please use the. back if
      necessary)?
  Name    	

  Organization	

  Street	'	•	

  City	State    	Zip_

  Phone-                                      Date

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                                                                            11
DISCLAIMER

The system described herein was developed by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency. A review of this~ system by the Agency has yet to be completed:  Information
obtained through the use  of this system should not be presumed to represent U.S. EPA
policy and no official endorsement should be inferred. This system is not a substitute for
the vegetative cover, final cover, or leachate collection review component of the RCRA Part
B applications by authorized regulatory personnel.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT

If you encounter a problem in using CES, version 1.0, we suggest that you first review the
relevant part of this user's guide. If after doing so and you continue to have difficulty, please
contact Expert System Software Support:
                              Daniel Greathouse
                                 U.S. EPA
                     Risk.Reduetion Engineering Laboratory
                         26 W. Mariiifl^th^E^        :
                            Cincinnati OK4526&
                               (513) 569-7866
When you call, have the system version number anrf serial number avatlable. Also, be
prepared to describe the specific problem(s) you are experiencing.      •.:.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
                              *
We wish to express special thanks to David Carson (EPA), Kenneth Dotson (SEEP), David
Eberly (EPA), James Gbddard (Advanced Drainage Systems), Robert Hartley (SAIC),
Robert Landreth (EPA), Kenneth Skahn (EPA), and Michael Roulier (EPA) who provided
recommendations and guidance for this project

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                                                                   Ill

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COMMENT CARD                                                 i
DISCLAIMER                                                      ii
TECHNICAL SUPPORT                                             ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS                                            ii
1.0        CES SYSTEM                                          1
           1.1 The Closure Evaluation System (CES)                     1

2.0        GETTING STARTED                                     2
          - 2.1 Hardware and Software Requirements                     2
           2.2 Contents of the System Package     „                     2
           23 Installing the System                                   2
           2.4 Starting the System               ~                     3

3.0        RUNNING THE  SYSTEM - BEGINNING a CONSULTATION     4
           3.1 Entering a, Filename                >                   4
           3.2 Entering Preliminary Data  " "                           5
           3.3 Selecting a Module from the GES MAIN MENU             6 ;

4.0        RUNNING A MODULE                                   7
           4.1 Module Format                                       7
           4.2 Module Prompts and Menus                             7
           4.3 .Getting Help                                         8
           4.4 Keys to Use                                          8
           4ซ.5 Using a Mouse •                                      9

5.0        V-CES MODULE                                        11
           5.1 The Vegetative Cover Evaluation System (V-CES)            11
           52 V-CES Sample Consultation                  :           11
           5.3 V-CES Sample Summary Report   ,                       18

6.0        F-CES MODULE                                        22
           6.1 The Final Cover Evaluation System (F-CES)                22
           6.2 F-CES Sample Consultation                             22
           6.3 F-CES Sample Summary Report                          33

7.0        L-CES MODULE                                        36
           7.1 The Leachate Collection Evaluation System (L-CES)          36
        .  7.2 L-CES Sample Consultation     .                        37
           7.3 L-CES Sample Summary Report     '                     49

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8.0        RUNNING THE SYSTEM - ENDING a CONSULTATION        53
           8.1 The Summary Report Menu                             53
           8.2 Ending or Continuing a Consultation                      55

9.0        TROUBLESHOOTING                                   56
           9.1 Error Messages                •                      56
           9.2 Technical Support                                    58
APPENDIX A - Sources                                           59


APPENDIX B - Flowcharts                                         60

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1.0  the CLOSURE EVALUATION SYSTEM-• CES


The Closure Evaluation System,(.CES) is a.decisioa support tool, developed by thelXS. EPArs Risk
Reduction Engineering Laboratory, to assist reviewers and preparers of Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) Part B permit applications. CES is designed to serve as a checklist for
identifying potential design problems in the vegetative cover, final cover, and  leachate collection
components of RCRA landfill closures as set forth in 40 CFR 264  and 40 CFR 265. It is not
intended to be.a complete automation of the evaluation process. The conclusions reached by the
CES system (and it's modules) should serve either  as a  starting point for a more thorough
investigation or as a final check applied after completion of a technical review. The CES system
will, nevertheless, be useful in-the directing the appropriate users attention to critical closure design
issues and in applying design criteria that are. supported by RCRA guidance.

The CES system incorporates three modules that can assist in the evaluation of a proposed RCRA
closure design.

m     The Vegetative Cover Evaluation System (V-CES) - a module that evaluates the adequacy
      of a vegetative cover design by examining grass and groundcover characteristics,  soil
      conditions, and seeding rates.

•     The Final Cover Evaluation System; (E-CES) - a module that  evaluates the adequacy  of a
      finaL" cover system by examining final cover layer configuration.

•     The Leachate Collection Evaluation System (L-CES) - a.module that evaluates design
      integrity and potential failure of a leachate collection system by examining leachate head,
      pipe strength, storm capacity, and clogging.

Since each module  is a "stand alone" system, you can work with  one module during  a CES
consultation or work with all three modules in any order.

The CES system "houses" the V-CES, F-CES, and L-CES modules, as well as controls the beginning
and ending of a consultation-(see Appendix B - Flowcharts). At the  beginning of a consultation,
CES prompts you to enter a consultation filename,  preliminary data, and to select a closure module
to evaluate. Control is then transferred to the selected module. CES will share common data
among modules if more than one module is used.  When you. have-entered all the necessary
information requested by the module, control is again transferred to CES. All data is automatically
saved to the filename. A Summary Report Menu provides  several "output" options, for creating-
a formal report that lists RCRArecommendations  and conclusions for the proposed module design
based upon the data yoiLhave entered. Finally, CES gives you the option to select another module
to evaluate or exit the system.

CES is  designed to run on an IBM PC (AT, PS/2, 386) or compatible  computer  and is,
straightforward to operate. You simply respond to questions  that are asked by the system by either
typing in or selecting a response. Screen instructions are also clearly displayed to help assist you.
Chapters 5, 6, and 7 of this manual contain module descriptions and demonstrate all the steps
needed to complete a session with the V-CES, F-CES, and L-CES modules respectively - from start
to finish.            •                                       .

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 2.0  GETTING STARTED
 2.1 Hardware and Software Requirements

 In order to run CES, your computer must contain certain components and be configured properly.
 The following components are necessary to ran the CES system:

 •     An IBM PC (AT,' PS/2, 386) or compatible.

 •     A minimum availability of 640K bytes of RAM memory and 500K of user memory (see
       Section 6.1).

 M     DOS version 3.0 or higher.

 •     A fixed disk configured as system device C: (or drive  specified) with a suggested-3.5
       megabytes of free disk-space^

 ป     A 1.2 megabyte high-capacity drive.

 These  additional components are also recommended to run the CES system:

 •     A color monitoK   ,                     ^

 •     A printer configured as system device PRN.


 2.2 Contents of the System Package

 Upon delivery, the  CES system package should contain the following:

 •     One (1) CES high-capacity runtime system diskette.

 •     This User's Guide.

 NOTE: This User's Guide is for use with CES version 1.0 (7/92), If you would like to inquire about
 obtaining updated versions of this system (including it's module development)^ please call the
 Technical Support number listed at the beginning ofIthis manual.


 2.3 Installing the System

 When all hardware and software requirements are satisfied (see Section 2.1), you are ready to
 install the CES system. Installation time will take  approximately 5 minutes.

•     Insert the CES system diskette into A: drive, type At, and press the Enter key.

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•     Type  IHSTALL and press the Enter key,. A Knowledge Pro (software used to develop
       CES) screen will "be temporarily displayed:

•     Specify a Disk Drive. The next screen will display a menu of disk drives on which to install
       the CES system.  Select a disk drive, of your preference, that is supported by your PC by
       highlighting it with, the Arrow keys and then pressing the Enter key.

•     Specify a Subdirectory. Enter the subdirectory on which to install the CES system:*  Accept
       the default subdirectory \CES by pressing the Enter key. Alternatively, you may enter a
       subdirectory name of your choice by backspacing through CES,  typing in your own
       subdirectory name (up to 8 characters), and then pressing the Enter key.

•     Using a Mouse. To minimize keystrokes when using the CES system (see Section 4.5), you
       may use your PC mouse by pressing the Enter key to select Yes.  If your PC does not
       support one, highlight No by pressing the down Arrow key and then press the Enter key.

•     The installation program will now copy the CES system files to the designated disk drive
       and subdirectory. When the installation program is completed, an appropriate screen will
       appear.  Press the Enter key to return to the original DOS prompt.

NOTE:  For safekeeping,  you should make a  backup copy of the CES system diskette prior to
installation.                  :'
2.4 Starting the System

To begin a session with, the CESL system;

•     Enter the appropriate drive and directory that CES was copied to during installation (e.g.
      CD C:\CES).

•     At the CES prompt, type CES and press the-Enter key.

      A brief introductory screen will appear identifying the software package (KnowledgePro,
      Version 1.44) inwhich CES was developed. Either wait about4 seconds for this screen to
      disappear, or press the SPACE key. >           -,••-.-.

      The next screen will.display the CES title screen. Press any key to continue to,,theXES,
      Filename Entry screen (see Section 3.1).

      NOTE: For your first consultation with the CES module, ybu may wish to follow .the sample
      sessions in Chapters 5, 6, and 7 in this manual. Each chapter will familiarize you with the.
      steps, functions, and characteristics of .the CES system, andlt's respective.-.modules.

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3.0  RUNNING the SYSTEM  -BEGINNING A  CONSULTATION


A consultation or session is your: interaction with:the CES. sy^tem^andlt's modules) as you^respond to
its prompts and menus. At the beginning of a consultation, CES will request a filename in which to
begin a new or reload a previous consultation, prompt you to enter preliminary information, and then
prompt you to, select a, module to work with. Control will then be directed to the module that you
select. When you have entered all the necessary information requested by the module, control is again
transferred to  CES.  All data is automatically saved  to the filename.  A Summary Report Menu
provides several "output" options, for creating a formal report that lists RCRA recommendations and
conclusions for the proposed module design based upon the data you have entered. Finally, CES gives
you the option to select another module to evaluate or exit the  system.
3.1  Entering a filename

CES will first prompt you to enter a filename (see Figure 3-1) to be used to either; 1) name the new
consultation you will be starting, or  2) retrieve an existing consultation  that you have already
completed.
             i-CES—
     -Filename Entry-
                              Enter a filename ta begin a new
                              ccTOuttatrcn''or^ retrieve1
                              consultation. Use--the Backspace key
                              to delete the default filename at
                              the => prompt below,- enter a file-
                              name (1 to 6 letters or numbers),
                              and press the Enter key.

                                          OR

                              Accept the system default filename
                              appearing at the prompt below by
                              pressing the Enter key.

                              => CESn
              F1 Help
F3 Select
F4 View
                                                    F8 DOS
F10 Quit
                                    Figure 3-1

To name a new consultation;

•     Accept the default filename CESn that appears to the right of the => prompt by pressing the
      Enter key, or

      Note: CES will append sequential numbers to the default filename as it is used (CESlt CES2,
      etc.)

•     Enter a descriptive filename (six alpha/numeric characters) of your own. Press the Backspace
      key to delete the default filename, enter the filename, and press the  Enter key.

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.To retrieve an existing consultation;

 •     After you name and 'complete a consultation you. may want to retrieve and update it.  Simply
       press the Backspace key to delete the current default filename, enter the filename you (or
       CES) originally assigned, and press the Enter key.

       Note: When you retrieve a filename and consult the same Module, you will go directly to the
       category EDIT screens within the Module and circumvent individual menus and prompts (see
       Section 4-1).                                                        ;";".

 If the filename you enter already.exists (as when retrieving a file), the-following message will appear
 at the end of the consultation:

 Do  you  wish to  update    with the  new data you have  entered?
 Yes/create  new  filename.

 If you select Yes, all the data entered in the previous consultation will be updated (replaced) with the
 new data that you have just entered. If you select Create  new  filename, CES will assign the next
 available CES default filename to save your new data. The former consultation will retain the filename
 and entered data.

 The filename  that you (or CES)  enter at the  => prompt will automatically be  saved  upon the
.completion, ofc a .consultation.  It is,, possible ;tOv view a listing of all  the filenames that have been
 previously assigned by pressing the ฃ4, key at this screen.
,3.2 Entering Preliminary Data       '

After the filename for the consultation has been entered, you will be prompted to enter preliminary
data (see Figure 3-2) and then enter an optional comment (at the next screen).  This information will
appear on  the  Summary report produced  by this consultation.  After you  type  in (enter) the
information, press the Enter key.     ,
              —CES-
    -Preliminary Information-
                               Enter the site name
                               ปป Acme Landfill

                               Enter reviewer name
                               => John Q. Public
                               Enter the report date
                               *> Current Date Displayed
               F1 Help
F3 Select
F4 View
                                                     FS DOS
FtO Quit
                                      Figure 3-2

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You also have the option to enter a comment at the next screen. A Yes response to this prompt will
display a text window where you will enter the comment. Press the ESC key to continue when finished.'
The comment will appear at the, beginning of the summary report.            .          .


3.3 Selecting a Module from the CES MAIN MENU

After entering preliminary data, you will be prompted to select a module to evaluate (see Figure 3-3) -
 V-GES, F-CES, or L-CES -from the CES MAIN MENU. To use MAIN MENU (and all other menus
in the system), simply press the up and down  Arrow keys to highlight your choice and then press the
Enter key to select it.  You also have the option to end or begin a new consultation. If you select the
Start New Consultation option, you will repeat the same steps that brought you to this point.

CES MAIN MENU
Select a closure Module to, evaluate.
V-CES * Vegetative Cover Evaluation System
F-CES~*' Final Caver Evaluation System.
L-CES * Leachate Collection Evaluation System
End' Consultation, ,..•• •_:•.-
Start New Consultation
•
••.


M Help,
F8 DOS F10 Quit
                                    Figure 3-3

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4.0   RUNNING  a MODULE
4.1 Module Format

During a V-CES, F-CES, and/or L-CES module consultation, your monitor screen; will generally display
a double window format. You respond to successive questions (per module category) by either entering
or selecting appropriate data in the right window.  The left .window is used to list thel premise of the
question along with-the entered data collected  from the right window.  At the end of each module
category, the left window is also used to act as an editing screen where you can correct any entered data
(see Figure 4-1).
             —Information Collection Window-
               State: HT

               Region: Northern Rocky Mountains

               Climate: ARID/SEMIARID

               Ph of sail: 6

               Annual Precipitation: 45 in. per year

               Grass Type: Multiple
r-Oata Entry Window-
 Is this the correct
 information?
     Yes
     No
              F1 Help
                                                     F8 DOS
              F10 Quit
                                       Figure4-Ht

A third, function key window appears on the bottom of the screen throughout the consultation. This
window identifies the key codes and corresponding functions available to you during the evaluation (see
Section 4.4).  The sample sessions provided in this manual (see Chapters 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0) shows in
detail, how windows and function keys are used during the consultation*.
4.2  Module Prompts and Menus

During a consultation, a module will gather information by way of questions through the use of prompts
and menus appearing in the right screen window.

When a => prompt follows a question, you should enter the appropriate response and then press the
Enter key to accept it.

When a menu follows a question, you should make a selection, from the choices appearing within the
menu. The first (top) choice in a menu is displayed in reverse video or highlighted (white text on red).
In order to select or highlight a different item, use the  Arrow keys. The down Arrow key moves the
"selector box" to the next lower item in the list.  The up  Arrow key moves the "selector box" to the
previous item in the list  When the  correct answer or choice is highlighted, press the Enter key to
accept your selection.

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   NOTE:  On many keyboards, the  Arrow keys are shared with numbers on a special keypad. If no-
   response is generated when the arrow keys are pressed^ it may be that the HUM LOCK is on.  If NUM
   LOCK is on, the Arrow keys are being interpreted as numeric digits rather than cursor direction keys.
   Press, the, NUtt, LOCK key to. turn, off this function, and the "selector box" will operate properly.

 ฃ-                                                                      _
   4.3  Getting Help

   Two types of help options are available  during a consultation: the system help facility that can be
   accessed at any time by pressing the PI  function key and the hypertext options that appear in the
   questions and statements on the right screen window.

   Help Facility

 .  The help facility contains general instructions that are always available to you during a consultation by
   pressing the PI function key. These instructions contain information about the types of questions being
   asked during a consultation and what keys you use to answer them.

   Hypertext

 >  Hypertext enables you; to gain more information about the-questions asked and the statements made
   by the system. When you-see,hypertext (white, text on red) imbedded in a, .question, or. statement, you
.  have the option to learn more about the: topic associated withfthe 'highlightedphrasei  If-a? word or
   concept is unclear to your,this::pr.ovides a- way to get the necessary^^informatrori before- answering a
   question.

 ''  To use the hypertext option, press the F4 key when the hypertext you want defined is highlighted or
   appears"as*white text orrred; Ifthe-questionorstatemenr contains more than one-hypertext topic;: as?
   indicated by black text on white, use the P3 key to toggle between them and press the P4 key when
   the hypertext you want appears as white text on red. In many cases, the hypertext window  will be
   layered or the first hypertext window to appear will contain additional hypertext with related hypertext
  windows. When you are finished reviewing a hypertext window, press the  Esc key or the SPACE key
   to return to the previous screen.
>

  4.4  Keys to Use

  In general, the  Enter key is used to transfer user supplied information to the system from prompts
  and menus, the UP and DOWN  arrow keys are used to move among choices within menus, the INS
  key is used to select several choices within menus, and the  Esc and SPACE keys are used to exit
  hypertext windows.

  The function key window appearing at the bottom of the screen throughout the consultation lists special
  function keys that are available to assist you. Different subsets of these keys will be available at
  different points in the consultation. The set of available keys are:

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KEY        FUNCTION

            HELP. Pressing this key will display a window containing general instructions on how to
            use the system. Pressing the PgDn and PgUp keys will scroll through the help window.
            To exit the help facility press the Esc key or SPACE key.

P3          select. Pressing this key allows you to toggle (select) between white text on red
            (highlighted) and additional black text on white hypertext (See Section 4.3).

F4          View. This key, when pressed at a white text on red  (highlighted) hypertext, will display
            'a hypertext window which  contains  an  explanation  of the hypertext in: question (See
            Section 4.3).

F8          DOS. Pressing this key normally allows you to exit to  DOS during a consultation, leaving
            a module and its current knowledge resident in memory. Typing EXIT in DOS and then
            pressing the Enter key, should allow you to reenter the consultation.

            NOTE: It is recommended that you DO NOT use the F8 key because it  may disrupt the
            memory  needed to-run CES. Normally, there will not be sufficient memory to run a DOS
            comrnand.,(see Section 9.1).

Flo        Quit. Pressing:this key twice returns you  to DOS and will erase any data you have
            entered in a consultation.
4.5 Using a Mouse

If your operating system has a Microsoft or compatible mouse, you can use it instead of many keyboard
functions. When first entering a module you will notice a cursor block on the screen. It can be moved
around the screen by moving the mouse. The mouse can shorten consultation time  and replace
keyboard functions in three ways:

•      Selecting, choices from menus. By placing the mouse cursor inside of a selector box within a
       Menu window, you can highlight different choices by moving the mouse up or down. When the
       desired choice is highlighted, press the LEFT button on the mouse as you would the Enter key
       to select it

•      Selecting hypertext. When there is more than one hypertext word  or concept within a question
       or statement, moving the mouse cursor among them will move the highlight (white text on red)
      ' color. When the desired hypertext is highlighted in the red color, pressing either the LEFT or
       RIGHT button, on the mouse will display the hypertext window. Continue the same process to
       scroll through subsequent hypertext windows.

•      Selecting special function keys. Moving: the mouse eursor^over the top of a special key, function
       appearing in the bottom window on the screen and pressing either the LEFT or RIGHT button
       on the mouse will select it.

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                                                                                       10-


NOTE: There are three instances in which the mouse will be ineffective during the consultation. These
are:

•     At the  =>  prompts throughout the consultation. Enter your information, from the keyboard
      and press the Enter key when you are finished.

•     When a Press any key message appears.  Any key from the keyboard will work.

•     To exit from hypertext windows; Press Esc or the  SPACE key to return to the consultation.

If the mouse cursor motion seems jumpy, use the control program supplied with your mouse to adjust
the mouse sensitivity.

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                                                                                      11

 5.0  V-CES MODULE	

 5.1  The Vegetative Cover Evaluation System (V-CES)

 The Vegetative Cover Evaluation System (V-CES) is one of three modules that operates within the
 Closure Evaluation System (CES).  It has, been developed to assist RCRA Part B permit reviewers in
 the evaluation of submitted vegetative cover designs by following the EPA guidelines, as set forth under
 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265  (and other sources - see Appendix A).  It incorporates a-wide range of
 vegetative cover issues that are organized into  the three categories  of; Grass and  Groundcover
 Characteristics, Soil Conditions, and Seeding Rates. A Summary Report Menu will be produced at the
 end of the consultation that lists RCRA recommendations and conclusions for the proposed vegetative
 cover design based upon the data you have entered.

 5.2  V-CES Sample Consultation

 This section describes ALL the steps necessary to complete a CES consultation -  with the V-CES
• module - from start to finish. It defines.when control is transferred to and from a module and lists each
 prompt and menu within each V-CES category. It also allows you to acquire 'hands on' experience with
 the  system.  An entire V-CES session will take approximately 15 minutes.  If you  want to end this
 •.sessionJzefQie completing,the consultationr>press;Lthe{iItlQvkey1(any data you have entered however, will
 be lost).              .,'•••.

 Section 53 Sample V-CES Summary Report will discuss the conclusions and recommendations that are
 produced by this sample consultation:;

 NOTE: During the consultation, you may occasionally encounter a blinking  Collecting Memory
 message or  blinking cursor  between response times.  This indicates that the program is temporarily
 freeing up conventional memory to avoid being "bogged down".  When this occurs, WATT for blinking
 to stop (30-90 seconds). Pressing any key at this time could cause the consultation to skip over the next
 prompt or menu when resuming and may ALTER THE CONCLUSIONS REACHED BY THE
 SYSTEM.
 For this sample session:

 BOLD        text indicates V-CES questions encountered during a consultation,

 REGULAR    text indicates .comments or explanations about the system, and

 ITALIC      text indicates instructions for the user. The quote marks  ("") enclosing a statement
             indicate what you should type at a prompt or select from a menu.

 [Topsoil]  bracketed text (within bold text) indicates hypertext.

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                                                                              12
SAMPLE SESSION:

1.    —-   Startup the  system.
           At the C: (or drive you  installed CES on) prompt, type "CD\CES" (or subdirectory
           specified). Then press the. Enter key.
           At the CES prompt, type  "CES" then press the Enter key.

CES - Beginning a Consultation .
1.    -    A brief screen will appear  identifying the Knowledge Pro software
           used to create the  CES system.
           Press the SPACE key or wait 4 seconds to continue.

2.    -    A  CES title screen  will appear nextv,
           Press the SPACE key to continue.         -

3.   -—    Atthe*. CES- Filename-vEntry^  Screen.'"(see- Section 3-.1),;
           Press the Backspace key to erase  CES1, type "Acme", and then press: the Enter key.

4.    -    At the Preliminary  Data Screen (see Section 3.2),
           Enter the site name.
           => Type "Acme Landfill".
           Enter reviewer name.
           => Type "John Q. Public".
           Enter the report date.
           => Press the Enter key to accept the date.
                                    •                   _
           Do you wish to enter a comment to be placed at the beginning of
           the  report?  (See section 3.2)
           Press Enter key to select "No".

5.    -    At the MAIN MENU  (see Section  3.3),
           Press the up or down Arrow keys to highlight the "V-CES * Vegetative Cover Evaluation
        v   System" module and press the Enter key.

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                                                                           13

           As V-CES is.  loading,  an appropriate screen message  will appear,.
           Do not press any keys at this screen.


I.    V-CES GRASS and GROUNDCOVER CHARACTERISTICS categoiy


1.   -     Enter the state abbreviation of  the site.
           => Type "ky" and then press the Enter key.

                   i                                         ,
2.   -     Select the growing region of the site.

           View the Regional Map to display the regional boundaries of the
           state.

           If you-  are  not  sure of  the exact region,  view the  regional
           growing map-  that" is available to-you. (only available with VGA) .

           Press-Arrow key to ^highlight "Regional Map" and then press the Enter key to select it.
           Press the Esc key when finished.

           Press the Arrow key to. highlight 'MQzack^Ohio-Tennessee Rwet^afleys" and press the
           Enter key.             •----,           .


3.   -     Enter the.[pH]  of the [topsoil]  that will be used for the
           vegetative layer.

           Hypertext  (pH  and topsoil)  appears  within  the statement on the
           right screen.  Hypertext gives you the option to learn more about
           a topic or concept.

           Press the F3 function key to highlight (white text on red) "[topsoil]".

           When  there  is  more  than  one hypertext within  a  guestion or
           statement, the  P3  key allows you ta toggle between*-.them. - The F4
           key will allow  you to view the explanation., of the hypertext.

           Press the F4 key to view an explanation for [topsoil].  Press the Esc key when finished.

           => Type "6", then press the Enter key.


4ป  ' -     Enter the annual [average precipitation} (inches  per year).
           => Type "34" and then press the Enter key.


5.   -     Now it is time  to" select the grasses and groundcovers that will
           be used at the  site.

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                                                                               14
 r-Vegetative Cover Listing-
  Use- the PgUp" keys and' PgDn keys to view additionat Grasses and- Groundcovers
  to determine your choices.  To make a choice,  press Enter to reveal "=>"
  prompt, type in number of the Grass or Groundcover, and press Enter to select.
  Repeat, until all Grasses and Groundcovers have been selected.
  1.  Alkali Sacaton
  4.  Arizona Fescue
  7.  Basin Wildrye
  10. Bermudagrass
  13*. Big Galleta
  16. Blowoutgrass
  19. Boer Lovegrass
  22. Buffalograss
  25. Centipedgrass
  28. Crested Wheatgrass
  31. Deertonguegrass
          GRASSES

2. Annual Ryegrass
•5. Bahiagrass
8. Beardless UiIdrye
11. Big Btuegrass
14. Black Grama
17. Blue Grama
20. Broomsedge
23. California Brome
   Common Oats
3.  Arizona Cottontop
6.  Barley
9.  Bermudagrass
12. Big Bluestan
15. Blando Brome
18. Blue Wildrye
21. Browntop Millet
24. Canada Bluegrass
27. Creeping Red Fescue
29. Crested "Fairway" Wheatgrass 30. Curly Mesquite
32. Emerald Zoysiagrass        33. Field Brome
                        Screen (1 of 4) - GRASSES
  F1 Help
  Space Cont.
                                 P3 1  of 4
                                 F10 Quit
There  are  four  screens-  that  list  120  grass   and  groundcover
species*.   Screens.,-l-t3t,.,,i;ist,;the,.grassesv.and ,^screen:.,4  Lists,,.the.,
groundcovers,.   Use, the,, PgDn .and:,;Rgllp, keys, to, scroll,, through the.
listings.

Press the PgDn key once, press the Enter key (to reveal "= >" prompt), type "44" for
"Kentucky: Bluegrass", and press the Enter key.

Would you like  to  add  an  additional  grass or groundcover?

Press the Enter key to select "Yes".

Press the Enter key (to reveal "= >" prompt), type "27" for "Creeping Red Fescue", and
press the Enter key.

Would you like  to  add  an  additional  grass or groundcover?      ',-.;."

Press the Arrow key to highlight "No" and then press trie Enter key.
At  this pointr  you  have  the chance  to  correct  any  incorrect
answers  for  the  first  category.

Is the information  in  the  left window correct?

Press the Arrow key to highlight "No" and then press the Enter key.

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                                                                                15
           -HJIT GRASS and GROUNDCOVER CHARACTER 1ST ICS-

            State: ICY

            Region: Ozark-Ohio-Tennessee River'Valleys

            Climate: HUMID

            pH of soil: 6

            Annual precipitation: 67 in. pep year

            Grass / Groundcover:  Multiple
                                              —€nter Information-
                                         EDIT DATA

                                   To correct the information
                                   in the left window, press
                                   the F3 key to select the
                                   information and then press
                                   the F4 key to re-enter the
                                   new information.,

                                   After you have re-entered
                                   the new information, press
                                   the Enter key.
             Space Cont.
                       F3 Select
                       F4 View
                      F6 Display KB
                                              Pg 1 of 1
                                              F10 Quit
           To  change, the pH of the  soil,

           Press the F3 key 2 times to highlight "pH of soil: 6" and press the F4

           Enter the.pH of the Top Soil that will be used for the vegetative
           layer,.   ...
           s>  Type "5" and press, the. Ent^rkey.

           Once again you have the  option to  edit data in  the left  window.
           Any  entry,  when selected  (P3  key),  will  reveal  the original
           prompt  or menu that you.  made your  selection from (P4 key).

           If  you  select  "Grass Type:" from  the  left window  you must re-
           enter ALL the  grasses and groundcovers  again.   You can view a
           listing of your  grass/groundcover  selections by pressing the F4
           key when "Multiple" is highlighted.
                               •
           When you are satisfied that  all the data  in  the left window is
           correct,                                                   .

           Press the Enter key to exit the EDIT DATA screen.          •

           is  the  information in  the left window  correct?

           Press the Enter key to select 'Yes".

           "PAUSE".  Do not  press  any keys as  the  next category is  loading.
II. - V-CES SOIL CHARACTERISTICS category
1.
Enter the depth, of  the  [upper  topsoil  component] that will be
used for  the vegetative  layer,  (inches,  feet, or  centimeters)
=>  Type "12" and press the Enter key.

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                                                                              17

            Press the Arrow key to highlight "GM" and then press the Enter key.

 11.   -     Now the  Sail Condition category has been  completed.   You again
            have the- option ta correct, any infonna-tiorr in*- the -left window by
            using the same EDIT  DATA procedure  as 'in the previous category.

            Is the information in the left window  correct?

            Press the Enter key to select "Yes".



 III.- SEEDING RATES category

 1.    -     Enter the [seeding rate]  of Kentucky Bluegrass.  (ibs/acre)
            => Type "20" and then press the Enter key.

 2.    -     Enter the [seeding rate]  of Creeping Red Fescue. (Ibs/acre)
            ss> Type "20" and then press the Enter key.  "

            Is the information in the left window  correct?

            Press the Enter key to. select "Yes".
'<;.   •••,.••'  ,  "PAUSE". .Do not, press,xany, keys^ as,, contr^i::is^beingi restored^ ta
-•     -.  •"   CES. '    .  '


 CES - Ending or Continuing the Consultation


 1.    -     At the Summary  Report Menu  (see Section  a., 1.)

            Press the Arrow key to highlight "Display the Summary Report1 option and then press
            the Enter key.
                     *

            Press the PgUp and PgDn keys to scroll through the Summary Report-


            Press the Esc key when finished,


            The Summary Report will list the recommendations and conclusions
            that are determined, by. a. module consultation  (see Section 5.2).

 2.    —     To return to  the CES Main Menu,

            Press the Arrow key to highlight "Return to the Main Menu" and press the Enter key.



 3 .    - -     At this point, you have three options available  to you at the CES
            MAIN MENU:        .      ..

-------
s.
                                                               • •            L6;

          At the pop-up menu, press-the Enter key to select "Inches".

2.   -    Enter the depth of  the  [lower topsoil  component] that will  be
          used for  the vegetative  layer (inches, feet,  or. centimeters).
          => Type "72" and press the Enter key.

          At the pop-up menu, press the Enter key to select "Inches".

3.   -    Has [soil testing] been  done  on the [topsoil]  that will be used
          for the vegetative layer?

          Press Enter to select "Yes".

4.   -    The information appearing on the next  screen can be reviewed  and
          used in an optional comment.

          With the Arrow key, highlight "Add a Comment11 and press  the Enter-
          key.                                ฐ             .

          In the text box type, "The soil is deficient in Nitrogen.  The applicant should submit a
          plan fora supplemental fertilizer treatment of 50-85 Ibs/acre of Nitrogen" and press the
          Esc key.  .   ,                     .

5.   -    Enter the [organic!  content of the [upper topsoil component] that
          will be used  for the vegetative layer-  (percentage)
          => Type "5" and then press the Enter key.

6.   -    Enter the [density]  of  the [upper topsoil component]  that will be
          used for  the  vegetative  layer; cgป/cws or  ibs/ft3 r
          =>  Type "1" and then press the Enter key.

          At the pop-up menu, press the Enter key to select "gm/cm3".
                               *
7.   -    Enter the [density]  of  the [lower topsoil component]  that will be
          used for  the  vegetative  layer. (gm/cm3 or  Ibs/ft3)
          =>  Type T and then press the Enter key.

          At the pop-up menu, press the Enter key to select "gm/cm3'.

8.   -     Enter the [permeability] of  the- [upper topsoil component] that
          will be used  for the vegetative layer,  (cm/sec)
          • =>  Type ฐr ancLthen press the Enter key.

9.   -    Enter the [permeability] of  the [lower topsoil component]  that
          will be used for the vegetative layer  (cm/see) .
          =>  Type ".5" and then press the Enter key.

10.  -     Select  the Unified Soil  Classification  [(USC)] of the  topsoil?

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  "•                                                                      19

i        I.    GRASS AND GROUNDCOVER CHARACTERISTICS category

 User Supplied, Informajtion.:
|
!State:  KY
 Region: Ozarks-Ohio-Tennessee River Valleys
1 Climate; HUMID
 Ph  of soilr 5
•Annual Precipitation: 34

                            Recommendations:
iCreeping Red Fescue

I This species is recommended for this climate and/or growing region.
j This species is recommended for the top soil pH.
iThis species is listed as a Perennial.
jThe precipitation level is appropriate for this species.

;Other characteristics listed for Creeping Red Fescue
|      Excessive Drainage Tolerant
|      Poor  Drainage Tolerant
;      Planting season should be: cool
: Kentucky. Bluegrass,                                                ,
i
' This species. :isx;:recommended> for,, this climate and/or growing, riegion..,,, .,.,..
i'This species, is,not .recommended, for the top. soil .pH.   .;.            :.,  c  \
; This-species is listed asr a. Perennial.
:=The precipitation level is appropriate for this species.
,        -.    . .        •                                                .  .
iiOther characteristics listed for Kentucky Bluegrass
      Poctr  Drainage Talerantt
;      Planting season should he: cool

,        •     Summary  of V-CES Recommendations  for Category  I

i      All of the selected vegetative covers: are,-listed as being
1 appropriate for your growing region.

'.  .   All of the selected vegetative covers selected are listed as
I being appropriate for the local rainfall level and/or drought
'tolerance.

!       1 of the selected vegetative covers are listed as not being
;tolerant of the topsoil pH.  This recommendation, however,  does
I not evaluate acidic hybrid vegetative species.  If available, the
 specifications supplied with the seeds should be reviewed.

     A legume has been not been included in the vegetative
 cover, design.  Although it is not an Agency requirement,, legumes.
|can be useful in a cover as they fix nitrogen and reduce the need
 and the cost of nitrogen fertilizer.
!        For current information about, vegetative cover closure design
i in  your area,  contact your state environmental Agency OT regional
;U.S.  EPA office.  For further information about vegetative cover
iselection,  planting techniques, and soil surveys contact your state

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                                                                          18

           1.    Select  the  same  module  for  a  different  RCRAi:* Part" B
                application.

                Select the  Start New Consultation command at the CES  MAIN
                MENU.  You  will be prompted to enter  a "new filename  (see
                Section 3.1), enter new preliminary data (see  Section 3.2),
                and to select the module  from the CES MAIN MENU.

           2.    Select  a  different  module for  the   same  RCRA  Part  B;
                application.     .

                Select a different module from the CES  MAIN  MENU.  You  will
                move directly to the first prompt of the new module.   You
                will retain the  same  filename and preliminary data  for the
                consultation.

           3.    Exit the CES system.

                Select the  End  Consultation command to exit to DOS.   Your
                consultation will automatically be saved to the filename you
                have specified at the beginning of the consultation.


           To exit the CES system,, highlight "EndJConsultation" and then press the Enter key.
5.3 V-CES Sample Summary Report

When you have completed the V-CES sample consultation (see Section 5.2), the following Summary
Report will appear on the output device(s^e^n orprintef) yotf have^selected' (.Seer Section &. If or an
explanation of each of the SUMMARY REPORT MENU "output" options that are available to you).
                      Closure Evaluation System - CES

A  formal   review  of  CES   has  yet  to  be  completed,  therefore  the
recommendations determined  by  CES should  not be  presumed  to represent
current U.S.  EPA policy and no official  endorsement should.be. inferred., _


            Vegetative  Cover Evaluation System (F-CES) module
                              Summary Report

This V-CES Summary Report lists final cover design recommendations  for the
following applicants Acme Landfill

Date:  7/4/1992
Reviewer: John Q.  Public
Comments: The Acme Wasteland application, was received two days prior to
today's date                "

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                                                                    21
      The topsoil has the recommended organic content for proper
vegetative cover, growth.

   With a pH level less than 6.5, the reviewer should consider
whether the level should be adjusted (limed) to achieve proper
vegetative cover growth and absorption of nutrients.  The -
applicant should submit justification as to why acidic soil is to
used and/or submit a plan for initial and periodic liming.

    The topsoil density of 1 grams per cubic centimeter
meets the minimal soil compaction recommended by the Agency.
Soils that have been overly compacted do not allow free movement
of water and nutrients into the vegetative cover roots.  Also,
roots will grow in the seams and not properly stabilize the soil.

     The topsoil in the vegetative cover  has been specified
with a USCS class of GM.  In general, the topsoil in this layer
should belong to one of the following USCS-classes: MH, ML, CL,
OPT,  OL> Stt, OT SC.  If the topsoil type is not one of the above
USCS- classes is used, then additional justification in terms of
vegetation and site characteristics, should be, provided.
                                       ^                  /

     The cumulative seeding rates for this vegetative cover
mixture are appropriate.  The Agency does not have any guidelines
for seeding rate combinations, therefore the .seeding rates listed
below shduidv.be^ reviewed?.


Species                              Seeding          Suggested single

                                      rate              species rate
                                    (Ibs/acre)          ,   (Ibs/acre)


 Kentucky Bluegrass                        20               35
 Creeping Red Fescue                       20               19

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                                         •                              20
U.S.D.Aat:

Billy w. Miliken
U.S.D.A Soil Conservation Service                                      %,
333 Walker Avenue, Room 305
Lexington, Kentucky, 40504
(606) 233-2746                                    :

                    II. , SOIL QUALITY category    "'    .

User  Supplied  Information:,
                i
TOP SOIL DEPTH: 30.48 centimeters
SUBSOIL DEPTH: 30.48 centimeters
ORGANIC CONTENT: 5 percent
TOP SOIL DENSITY: 1 gm/cm3
PH OF TOPSOIL:5
SUBSOIL DENSITY: 1 gm/cm3
TOPSOIL PERM: 1 cm/sec
SUBSOIL PERM:: .5 cm/sec
SOIL CONDITION: Problem noted  -

                            Recommendations:

    The design meets,the. Agency. „ recommended i minimum of .15,
centimeters of topsoil and 30 centimeters of subsoil, with 60
centimeters of the combined' top; and~ subsoil-• layers.  Greater, soil
thickness may be required where maximum frost penetration exceeds
this depth, or where.greater plant-available water storage is
either necessary or desirable.

    The reviewer has indicated that a possible problem exists with
the nutrients in the site's topsoil.  Suggest nutrient levels
from list the following suggested values:
Organic Material (%)
RELATIVE
LEVEL
Very Low
Low
Medium
sHigh
Very High
Sand,
Loamy
Sand.
<0.6
0.6-1.5
1.6-2.5
2.6-3.5
>3.5
Sandy Loam,
• Loam
Silt Loam
<1.6
1.6-3.0,
3.1-4.5
4.6-5.0
>5 . 5
Clay Loam ,
Sandy Clay
Clay
. <2.6
2.6-4.5
4.6-6.5
6.6-7.5
>7.5'
Nitrogen
Ib/acre
<20
20-50
50-85
85-125
>125
Phos.
Ib/acre
<6
6-10
11-20
21-30
>30
Potash
lb/aci:e
<60
60-90*
91-22Q
221-260
>260
  User Supplied comments:
  The soil is deficient in Nitrogen. The applicant  should  submit a plan
  for a supplemental  fertilizer treatment of 50-85 Ibs/acre of Nitrogen

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                                                                                 23

 Section 6.3 Sample F-CES Summary Report will discuss the conclusions and recommendations that
 are produced by this sample consultation.

 NOTE:  During the consultation, you may occasionally encounter a blinking  Collecting
 Memory  message or blinking cursor between response times. This indicate's that the program is
 temporarily freeing up conventional memory to avoid being "bogged down".  When this occurs,
 WAIT for blinking to stop (30-90  seconds).  Pressing any key at this time could cause the
 consultation to skip over the next  prompt or menu when resuming and may ALTER THE
 CONCLUSIONS REACHED BY THE SYSTEM.

 For this sample session:                   •

' BOLD       text indicates F-CES questions encountered during a consultation,

 REGULAR    text indicates comments or explanations about the system, and

 ITALIC .     text indicates instructions for the; user. ,The quote marks ("")' enclosing a statement
             indicate what you should type at a prompt or select from a menu.

 [Topsoiij bracketed text (within bold text) indicates hypertexts     .

 SAMPLE SESSIONS,              -','•"-••   •   • ..'-          -.        ..'-••..

 1.    -     Startup the system.

            At the C: (or drive you installed CES on) prompt, type "CD \ CES" (or subdirectory
             specified).  Then press the Enter key.

            At the CES prompt, type "CES" then press the Enter key.


 CES - Beginning a Consultation

 L.    —     A,  brief   screen  will  appear  identifying  the Knowledge Pro
             software used to  create the CES system.

             Press the SPACE key or wait 4 seconds to continue.


 2.    -     A CES title screen will appear next.

             Press the SPACE key to continue.


 3.    -     At the CES  Filename Entry Screen  (see Section 3.L),

             Press the Backspace key to erase CES1, type "Acme", and then press tile Enter
             key.

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                                                                                      22
 6.0   F-CES MODULE
 6.1 The Final Cover Evaluation System (F-CES)

 The Final Cover Evaluation System (F-CES) is one of three modules that operates within the
 Closure Evaluation System (CES). It has been developed to assist RCRA Part B permit reviewers
 in the evaluation of submitted finar cover designs by following: the EPA guidelines as set forth
 under 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 and other sources - see Appendix A. F-CES consists of two
 categories.  The  Layer Configurations Category will prompt you for, and construct the submitted
 multilayered final cover layer design on your monitor screen.  Layers can be constructed in a wide
 variety of ways. A given layer (other than the surface layer) can be selected  more than once. The
 Layer category will then ask applicable questions pertaining to each layer.
           EPA-recommended coyer  design
                    EPA-recommended cover design
                          w/ optional  layers
 vifteatlon/salL
     top layer
  lor-pซrmซซblllty •
   rHL/soli liytr
        vast*
60 cm


filter layer

30 cm
60cm
cobbles/ soil
 top layer
                                                      layor
                                               FHL/ioil layic


                                               gas rant layer
                                                                            ', 30 "*  ";••••"-
                                                                             9Bp3Tnthetie {liter
                                                                             3D. cm  ''
                                                                             ea cm
                                                                             30 cm
 A Summary Report  Menu will be produced  at the end  of the consultation that lists RCRA
 recommendations and conclusions for the proposed final cover design based upon the data you
 have entered.
. 6.2 F-CES Sample Consultation

 This section describes ALL the steps necessary to complete a CES consultation -with the F-CES
 module - from start to finish.  It defines when control is transferred to and from a module and lists
 each prompt and menu within, each F-CES category.  It also allows you to acquire 'hands  on'
 experience with the system. An entire F-CES session will take approximately 15 minutes. If you
 want to end this session before completing the consultation, press the Flo key (any data you have
 entered however, will be lost).

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                                                                         24


 4.    -    At the Preliminary Data Screen:  (see Section  3.2), ....

           (This screen will NOT appear if you hav& already completed; the
           V-CES sample consultation (see Section 5.2)).

           Enter the site name.
           => Type "Acme Landfill.

           Enter reviewer name.
           => Type "John Q. Public".

           Enter the report date.
           => Press the Enter key to accept the date.


           Do you wish to enter  a  comment to be  placed at the beginning
           of the report? (See section 3.2)

           Press Enter key to select "No"^
5.  .- — - •   At the;, MAIN MENU  (see Section 3.3) ,

           Press,- tfie, An-QWckey to, highlight the "F-CES * Finaf Cover Evaluation System"
           module and ptess the. Enter key.

           As  E-CES  is-  loading,  an.  appropriate  screen  message  will
           appear.  Do not press any keys at this  screen.


Layer Configurations Category
1. '  -     F-CES will  now begin to prompt for layer information  for the
           final cover'.

           At the introductory screen, press the Enter key to continue.


2.   -     What is the topmost layer  of  the final coyer?

           Press Enter key to select Vegetative/Soil Top".



3.   -     Are there more layers in the  cover design?

           Press Enter key to select YES.

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                                                                                           25.
4.
                Layer 1 : Vegetative/Soil Top
                      : vegetation and topsotL
                      : subsoil
                     EPA design recommendations imply
                     that either a  [filter]  (which
                     prevents-soi I migration into an
                     underlying  [drainage]  layer),
                     a  [biotic barrier] ,  or the
                     drainage layer itself  should
                     underlie the top layer. In a min-
                     imum configuration, the next layer
                     is the drainage layer.

                     Select the layer that  is directly
                     below the Vegetalive/Soil Top  layer.
                                                               Filter
                                                               Biotic Barrier
                                                               Drainage
               F1 Help
F3 Select
F4 View
                                        F6 Display KB
F7 Edit
F8 DOS
                                                                    F10 Quit
              The configuration for  Layer  1  is  now  displayed on  the left
              screen.   Red  and white  text--appears, within  the text on  the
              right  screen.   This  hypertext gives you  the option  to  learn
              more about  a topic  or concept.

              Press the F3 function key to highlight [drainage].

              The  F3  key  .allots  'you  to   select  or  toggle  between   the
              hypertext.      .

              Press the F3 function key 2 times to highlight [filter].

              [Filter]   is  again  highlighted^  red-  in  order~  to   get more-
              information about a particular hypertext topic or concept,  you
              must  be  highlighted  or  appear,  as  Red   text.   To   get  more
              information for  [filter],

              Press the F4 function key to select [filter].
                Layer. t..t Vegetative/Sott Top-
                       : vegetal i-on and topsoil
                       : subsoil
                -Fit ter	
                      EPA: design recommendations imply,
                      that either a  [filter!  Cwhich
                      prevents soil migration into an
                  Filter layers are most likely to be needed above the- [drainage!  layer
                  and between layers that are comprised of soils of greatly different
                  particle sizes - in order to prevent one from migrating into the
                  other.  Filters may be constructed of soils of intermediate grain
                  size or they may be  [geosynthetic]  materials. For example, three
                  locations where geosynthetic filters may be appropriate are:
                  (1) between- a- top layer and either a- cobble  Ebiotic barrier] or a
                  drainage layer, (2> between a cobble biotic barrier and a drainage
                  layer, and <3> between the  [low-permeability] soil componenrand
                  a  [gas vent]  layer.
F1 Help
F3 Select
F4 View
F6 Display KB
F7 Edit
F8 DOS
F10 Quit

-------
                                                                                26
            A hypertext window now appears with a  further explanation for
            ["filter].  Embedded within  this  text  is more hypertext which
            appears  as red  and white text.   Press the F4  function key to
            view it's hypertext  window.   When you  are  finished  viewing
            hypertext,

            Press the ESC key until you return to the original screen appearing in step 11.

            Press the Enter key to select "Fitter".
            Select  the  characteristic material  component  of  the  Filter
            layer.

            Press the Enter key to select "Soil".                         '   '
            Are  there more layers in the  cover  design?

            Press the "Enter" key to select 'Yes".
              Layer 1,-,


              Layer 2.
         Vegetative/Sail; Jfifu^
         vegetatrfon' and; topsoi t;"
         subsoil  •••...
         .Filter
         soil
^-.Either a.:.[drainage! or a- [low-
 permeBbtt'ftyF Cayer'-'noemafety-'' •
 underlie*--the; preceding ffIterj,.,

 What layer is directly below the
 Filter layer?
                                                     Drainage
                                                     Low-PermeabfIfty
                                                     Other
F1 Help
F3 Select
F4 View
F6 Display KB
F7 Edit
F8 DOS. *
F10 Quit
           Press Enter key to select "Drainage".
8,
Enter the  characteristic material component of the  [drainage]
layer.

Press the Enter key to select "Sand or Soil".
           Are, there more layers in the cover design?

           Press the Enter key to select "Yes".

-------
10,
                Layer 1


                Layer 2

                Layer 3
               F1  Help
           Vegetative/Soil Top
           vegetation and topsoil
           subsoil
           Filter
          . soil
           Drainage
           granular sand or soil
               F3 Select
               F4 View
The next layer below a  [drainage]
layer is usually a [filter]
layer or a [low-permeabilityj
layer.
                                                 Utrar layer fs directly below the
                                                 Drainage layer?  '
                                                            Low-PermeabiIi ty
                                                            Filter
                                                            Other
                                        F6 Display KB
      F7 Edit
      F8 DOS
                                                                    F10 Quit
             Press the Enter key to sefect "Low-Permeability".
                                                                                           27
11.
Do you  wish, to remove  one  of  these  components?

Press the-,Enter key to select "No".
12,
Are  there  more layers  in  the  cover  design?

Press the Arrow key tofitgtiirghf JWo!t and press the Enter kef.
13

Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4


Vegetative/Soil Top
vegetation and topsoit
subsoil
Filter
soil
Drainage
granular sand or soil
Low-Permsabi I i ty
FML
compacted soil liner

               F1 Help
                                                  The cover layer configuration
                                                  shown in the left-side window has
                                                  been specified.

                                                  Is this configuration correct?
                                                    ,>
                                                  (Answer yes to continue using
                                                  the layer configuration shown.
                                                  Answer no to start over and to
                                                  specify a different configuration.)
                                                              yes
                                                              no
                                        'F6 Display KB
                                           F7 Edit
                                           F8 DOS
                                                                    F10 Quit
              If you  select lfNo^ to the above question;  you have the ability
              to   edit  the  layer  configuration   in  the  left   window  by

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                                                                        28

           selecting;   Remove a Layer,  Change a Layer,  Add a  Layer,  or
           Make No -Change  from a subsequent menu.,-."

           Press, the Enter, key to select Yes,".,



Layers Category

F-CES will now. begin to ask specific  questions about each of  the four
layers that, you have  specified.

Layer 1: Vegetative/Soil                                         '

           (If you  have completed the V-CES  sample  consultation  (see
           Section 5.2)  step six  prompt will  appear.   Steps 1-5  V-CES
           data will already  be displayed in left  window) .

1.   -     Enter the depth of the  [upper 'topsoil component] that will be
           used- for. the vegetative layer,  (inches, feet/ or centimeters)
           =>  Type '30' and press the Enter key.

           At the, pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.
2.   —    EHterrthw deptir afrlA^
           used, for the vegetative layer, (inches, feet, or centimeters)
           => Type '45' and press the Enter key,

     ,     At the pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.
3.   -     Enter the [permeability] of the [upper topsoil component} that,
           will be used  for  the vegetative layer,  (cm/sec)
           => Type '1' and press the Enter key.
4.   -     Enter the [permeabilityj of the flower topsoil component] that
           will be used- for  the vegetative layer,  (cm/see)
           => Type 'V and press the Enter key.
5.   -     Select  the  Universal  Soil  Classification  ([_USC})  Qf  the
           topsoil.

           Press the Arrow key to highlight "CL" and press the Enter key.


6.   .-•     Enter the  [slope]  {%)  of the [vegetative/soil topj  layer.
           => Type '3' and press the Enter key.

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                                                                              29
             F-CES Vegetative Layer-
             Upper Topsoil Thfcfcness: 3C.4S cm™

             Lower Topsoil Thickness: 30.48 car

             Upper Topsoil Permeability: 1 cm/sec

             Lower Topsoil Permeability: 1 cm/sec

             Topsoil Type: GH

             Surface Slope: 3X
Enter, Information-
Is the information in
the Left Window correct?
     Yes
     No
             F1 Help
                                  F6 Display KB
     F7 Edit
     F8 DOS
F10 Quit
            You now have the option to edit any incorrect, data in the left
            window.   To edit the  Subsoil  Thickness data,  •

            Highlight "No"an<ฑpres&the Enter key.

            At, the next screen,

            Press the F3 key to highlight "Lower Topsoil Thickness" and press the F4 key.

            Enter the. depth of the  [lower topsoil component]  that will be
            used for -the vegetative^ layer**  Marches, feet/- or^ centimeters)
            => Type '35' and press the Enter key.

            At the pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.

            Once  again  -you have the option  to  edit  data   in  the  left
            window.   Any  entry,  when selected (F3  key) ,  will reveal the
            original prompt or menu that you made your  selection from (P4
           When you are satisfied that all the data in the left window  is
           correct,

           Press the Enter key to exit the EDIT DATA screen.

           Is the  information in  the left window correct?

           Press the Enter key ta select Tesl

Layer 2: Filter Layer

1.    -    Enter the thickness of the [filter]  layej^  (inches, feet,  or
           centimeters)

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                                                                         30

           => Type '20* ancf press the Enter key.

           At the pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.

           Enter the  [slope] (%) of the [filter layer] .
           => Accept default (from Layer 1) '3' and press the Enter key.

           If the default slope does not correspond, press the Backspace
           key and  enter different slope.

           Select the Universal Soil Classification ( [USC] )  of the soil
           of the filter layer.

           Press S key, press down. Arrow once to highlight "SM" and press the Enter key.

           Enter the coefficient of permeability  (hydraulic conductivity
           in cm/sec) of the soil in the  [filter] layer.             ._
           => Type ".02" and press, the Enter key.

           Again you  have  the  option to correct  any information in the
           left window by using the EDIT DATA procedure.
           Is , the /information, .in^ ithซ./ leฃtw;windQซ; carrect?;,

           Press the 'Enter key "ftrss/ectYes"r    >
Layer 3:  Drainage Layer

1.   —    Enter the thickness of the  [drainage] layer, (inches, feet, or
           centimeters)
           => Type '30' and press the Enter key.

           At the pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.

2.   -     Enter the  [slope]  (%) of the [drainage layer].
           => Accept '3' and then press, th& Enter key,

3.   -     Select  the  Universal  Soil  Classification   ([USC])  of  the*
           [drainage] layer

           Press S key to highlight "SC" and press the Enter key.

4.   -     Enter the coefficient of permeability (hydraulic conductivity
           in cm/sec) of the soil in  the  [drainage] layer.
           => Type'.Q4r and press the Enter key.

5ป.   —     Attain you  have ..the. option to .correct any. information in the
           left window by using the EDIT DATA procedure.

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                                                                         31

           Xs tire  information in. the Left window correct?

           Press the Enter key to select "Yes".
Layer 4r Low permeability layer                                f

1.   -    Enter   the  thickness  of   the  clay   liner   in  the   [low
           permeability]  layer.   (inches,  feet, or centimeters)
           => Type '30' and press the Enter key.
                                                             c
          •At the pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.

2.   -    What   is   the   coefficient   of  permeability    (hydraulic
           conductivity  in cm/sec)  of the clay liner  in  the  [low-
           permeability]  layer?
           => Type '1e-7' and press the Enter key.

3.   -    Select the  Universal  Soil Classification  ([USC])  of the  [low
           permeability]  layer.

           Highlight "CH", and press the Enter key.

4.   -    Enter   the  thickness  of   the  geomembrane   in  the   [low
           permeability]  layer.   (mils, inches, feet,  or centimeters)
           => Type '30' and press the Enter key.

           At the pop-up menu,, highlight- 'mils! and, pressM&Entee key*

5.   -    Enter the [slope]  (%); of the  clay-geomembrane interface in the
           Low-Perm layer.
           => Accept '3' and then,press the Enter key.

6.   -    Enter the depth  of the frost line at the site,  (in.,  ft., or
           cms)
           => Type'30'and press, the Enter key.           ....

           At the pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.

5.   -    Again you  have the  option to correct  any information in the
           left window by/using  the EDIT DATA.

           Is the  information in the left  window  correct?

           Press the Enter key to select "Yes".      _

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                                                                       32

CES - Ending or Continuing the Consultation

1.   -     At the Summary Report Menu (see Section 8.1)

           Press the Arrow key to highlight "Display the Summary Report' option and then
           press the Enter key.

           Press the PgUp and PgDn keys to scroll through the Summary Report.

           Press the Esc key when finished.
                       i
           The   Summary  Report  will  list   the  recommendations  and
           conclusions that are determined by a module  consultation (see
           Section 5.2).

2.   -     To return to the CES Main Menu,            •                 -•

           Press the Arrow key to highlight "Return to the Main Menu" and press the Enter key.

3.   -     At this point, you have three options  available to you at the
           CES  MAIN  MENU:

           1.,   Select the  same  module  for  a  different	RCRA Part  B
                applications.   ..••-,••••.••.

                Select the Start New consultation' comiaarrd atr the  CES MAIN'
                MENU.  You will be prompted to enter  a  new filename (see
                Section 3.1),  enter  new preliminary data  (see  Section
                3.2), and to select the module from  the CES MAIN MENU.

           2. .   Select a  different module   for  the  same  RCRA Part  B
                application..

                Select a different  module from the  CES MAIN MENU.   You
                will move directly to the first prompt of the new module.
                You  will retain the same  filename and preliminary data
                for* the consultation.

           -3".    Exit the: CES system.

                Select the End Consultation command to exit to DOS.  Your
                consultation will automatically be saved to the filename
                you  have, specified at the beginning of  the consultation.


           To exit the CES system, highlight "End Consultation" and then press the Enter key.

           (If  you have already completed the V-CES  sample session (see
           Section 5.2),  you will now be asked  if you want to update the
           "Acme" file (see Section 3.1)

           Press frre Enter key to select "YES".)

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                                                                       33

6.3  F-CES Sample Summary Report

When you have completed the F-CES sample consultation (see Section 6.2), the following Summary
Report will appear on the output device (screen or printer) you have selected (See Section 8.1 for
an explanation of each of the SUMMARY REPORT MENU "output" options that are available:
to you).


                    Closure Evaluation  System - CES

A  formal  review   of  CES  has  yet  to  be  completed,  therefore   the
recommendations determined by  CES should not  be  presumed to .represent
current U.S. EPA policy and no official endorsement should  be  inferred.


            Final  Cover Evaluation  System (F-CES)  module
                          Summary  Report

This F-CES  Summary Report lists final  cover design recommendations  for
the following applicant: Acme Landfill

Date:  7/4/1992
Reviewers John-,vQ.ซ>'Public,  ;   ,
Comments:  •                  '""••-.
Final Cover layer structure:

Layer 1  : Vegetative/Soil. Top
      :  vegetation and topsoil
      :  subsoil

Layer 2  : Filter
      :  soil

Layer 3  : Drainage
      :  sand or soil

Layer 4  : Low-Permeability
      :  Geomembrane
      :  compacted soil liner
                  Layer 1:  Vegetative/Soil Top Layer

User  Supplied  .Information:

TOP SOIL DEPTHr 30 centimeters
SUBSOIL  DEPTH: 35 centimeters
TOPSOIL  PERM:  1 cm/sec
SUBSOIL  PERM:  1 cm/sec

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                                                                     34

TOPSOIL TYPE: CL:  ,                            .   ~    '
Inorganic  clays of  low to  medium plasticity,  gravelly clays,  sandy
clays, silty clays,  lean clays
SURFACE SLOPE: 3%
                           Recommendations:
     The design meets the Agency recommended minimum of  15  centimeters
for the upper topsoil component and 30 centimeters for the lower topsoil
component, with  60  centimeters for  the total of. the  combined  top  soil
layers.    Greater  soil thickness may be required Where  maximum frost
penetration exceeds this depth, or where greater plant-available water
storage is either necessary or desirable.

          This concludes F-CES's review of the Soil  layer.
        Layer 2:  -Filter Layer                                    ;;;;

User. Supplied  Information:

Filter Layer.Thickness:. 2,0, cm-,.   	
Filter Eayer-SIope'r 3! %- -              .......  ~         . •  :
Filter Layer/ Soil Type:; SMK;   ,.       ;                              •.'.
 Silty sands, poorly .graded sand-ซsilt mixtures
Filter Layer Permeability:  .02 cm/sec

                           Recommendations:


   Filter layer: soil has-been  specified with, a USCS type- of SM;:contrary
to  the Agency's  general  recommendation that   filter  layer  soil   be
classified as sand  (SP), or possibly gravelly sand  (GP).

          This concludes  F-CES's review of the filter layer.
                       Layer 3:  Drainage Layer

User  Supplied  Information:

Drainage Layer Thickness:'30 cm
Drainage Layer Slope: 3 %
Drainage Layer Soil Type: SC
 Clayey sands, poorly graded sand-day mixtures
Drainage Layer Permeability: -04 cm/sec

-------
                                                                    as:

                           Recommendations^

   Drainage  layer soil  has been  specified  with a  USCS type  of SC;
contrary to the Agency's general recommendation that filter layer soil
be classified as sand  (SP) , or possibly gravelly sand  (GP).

              concludes F-CES's review of the drainage  layer.
                       Layer 4:  Low Perm Layer
                c
User  Supplied  Information:                                          '"'

Low Perm Thickness: 30 cm
Low Perm Slope: 3: %
Low Perm Soil Type: CH                    .
 Inorganic clays of high plasticity, fat clays
Low Perm Permeability: 1E-7 cm/sec
FML Thickness: 0.0762 mil
Frost Depth:. Below Frost.,line.

                           Recommendations

     No fundamental problems were discovered in the review of the  low
perm layer.    -                    •

        This  concludes  F-CES's review  of  the  low  perm layer.

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                                                                                     36
7.0   L-CES MODULE
7:t the LeaclraterCollectfor^ Evaluatforr System (L-CES)

The Leachate Collection Evaluation System (L-CES) is one of three modules that operates within
the Closure Evaluation System (CES).  It has been developed to assist RCRA Part B permit
reviewers in the evaluation of submitted leachate collection system designs by following the EPA
guidelines as set forth under 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 (and other sources - see Appendix A). L-
CES is designed to evaluate  four  aspects of a RCRA leachate collection system that are
represented by the PIPE STRENGTH (and layer), LEACHATE HEAD, STORM CAPACITY,
and CLOGGING categories.
    COLLECTION DRAINAGE
          LAYER
COLLECTION LAYER
     FILTER
  DETECTION
   DRAINAGE .
  .  LAYER;

     LEACHATE1
    COLLECTION
      PIPES
       TOP LINER FML

     PRIMARY CLAr ,UNEBS

   DETECTION LAYER FILTER

   BOTTOM LINEP FML
                   STANDARD FML COMPOS ITE  DOUBLE LINER SYSTEM
The PIPE STRENGTH (and Layer) category

Specific leachate layer components are itemized to determine leachate collection configuration.
They include the final cover, the waste and backfill, the collection layer filter, the  collection
drainage layer, the top liner FML (flexible membrane liner), the primary clay liner, the detection^
layer filter, the detection drainage layer, the bottom liner FML, the secondary clay liner, the
collection sump and/or the detection sump. It will then assist in determining the pressure on the
collection and detection layer pipes, the effective pipe load, the vertical deflection of flexible pipes
and/or the load bearing strength of rigid pipes.  For systems without uniform pipe characteristics
a "worst case" pipe strength calculation is performed. The effective pipe load is calculated using
the size and spacing of pipe perforations. For flexible pipes, if the deflection is greater than 5%,
the pipe-fails. For rigid pipes, if the predicted load is greater than the bearing strength of the pipe,
the pipe fails.

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                                                                                      37

 The LEACHATE HEAEf category

 The leachate head (above the liner) is determined for pipes with both uniform and non-uniform
 slopes.  If the leachate head is greater than one foot (30 cm), the design fails. With nonuniform
 slopes, a minimum bottom layer slope angle is used in a  "worst case" calculation.  If the "worst
 case" head calculation fails,, then, a "case by case" evaluation is performed to determine local head
 for individual pipe slopes and pipe spacings.

 The STORM  CAPACITY category
                                                  i
 The storm capacity of the leachate collection system is based on  the drain time of the landfill.
 Dram time is calculated by dividing  the storm flow by the hydraulic capacity of the collection
 system. The storm flow of a 25-year storm is calculated using the design drainage area and rainfall
 intensity.   The hydraulic capacity  is determined by combining the flow results based on the'
 Manning equation for each pipe entering the leachate collection sump. If the storm flow is greater
 than the hydraulic capacity and the landfill will not dram to less than 1 foot of head within four
 days, the storm capacity fails.

 The CLOGGING category

 The potential for clogging is  determined' for eachs component of. the leachate collection system.
 Design ratios are calculated for pipes with slots, pipes with circular holes, filters, and geotextiles
 in all layers of the landfill;  Soil to  Soil, Soil to Fabric, and Soil to Pipe interfaces are evaluated
 by criteria developed by the U.S.  Army Corps of  Engineers! "Design ratios are compared to
 recommended values to determine  if the Layer.Structure Criteria and/or the Pipe Clog Criteria
 will fail. Performance-criteria; that appear in guidance documents (see-Apperidk A  - LC System
 References) are incorporated in the system to. test for leachate collection and removal adequacy.

 The L-CES categories differ from those in V-CES or F-CES modules in that they can  be evaluated
 individually or as a group.  A Summary  Report  Menu will be produced  at  the end of the
 consultation that lists RCRA recommendations and conclusions for the proposed final cover design
 based upon the data you have entered.

        >
 7.2  L-CES Sample Consultation

This section describes ATT, the steps necessary to complete a CES consultation - with the L-CES
module - from, start to finish. It defines when control is transferred to and from a module and lists
each prompt and menu within each L-CES category. It also  allows you to  acquire 'hands on'
experience with the system.  An entire L-CES consultation will take approximately 20 minutes. If
you. want to end this session before completing the consultation, press the Pio key (any data you
have entered however, will be lost).                                   .

Section 73 Sample L-CES Summary Report will discuss the conclusions and recommendations that
are produced by this sample consultation.

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                                                                             38

NOTE:  During the consultation, you may occasionally encounter.a blinking  Collecting
Memory  message or blinking cursor between response times. This indicates that the program is ,
temporarily freeing up  conventional memory to avoid being "bogged down".  When this occurs,
WATT for blinking to  stop (30-90seconds). Pressing any key at this time could cause the
consultation to  skip over the next  prompt or menu when resuming and may ALTER THE
CONCLUSIONS REACHED BY THE SYSTEM.

For this sample session:

BOLD      text indicates L-CES questions encountered during a consultation,
        c
REGULAR   text indicates comments or explanations about the system, and

ITALIC     text indicates instructions for the user. The quote marks ("") enclosing a statement
           indicate what you should type at a prompt or select from a menu.

[Tapsoil] bracketed text (within bold text) indicates hypertext,


SAMPLE SESSION:

1..,    —•••   Startup theJaystem.. > ,.

  .    V    At the C:*(afdr^ you installed^
           specified). Then press the Enter key.

           At the CES prompt, type "CES" then press the Enter key.

CES - Beginning a Consultation

1.    -  •  A  brief screen  will   appear  identifying  the  Knowledge  Pro
           software used to  create the CES system.

           Press the SPACE key or wait 4 seconds to continue*,

2.    f~ •   A  CES title screen will appear next.

           Press the SPACE key to continue.

3.    -    At the  CES  Filename Entry  Screen  (see Section 3.1),

           Press the Backspace key to erase CES1, type "Acme", and then press the Enter
           key.

4.    -    At the  Preliminary Data Screen (see Section 3.2),

           (This screen  will NOT appear if you  have already completed the
           V-CES and/or  F-CES  sample  consultations- (see   Sections  5.2
           and/or  6.2).

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                                                                        39
5.
       the site name*
=> Type "Acme Landfill".

Enter  reviewer name.
=> Type "John Q. Public".

Enter  the report date.
=> Press the Enter key to accept the date. -:

Do you wish to enter a  comment to be placed at the beginning
of the report? (see Section 3.2)

Press Enter key to select "No".    .

At the MAIN MENU (see Section 3.3),

Press the Arrow key to highlight the "L-CES * Leachate Collection Evaluation
System" module and press the Enter key.

As,  L-CES  is  loading.,  an  appropriate  screen message will
appear.   Do not press*'any'keys- at this screen.
The L-CES Module
           After you select L-CES from the MAIN MENU,  the L-CES MAIN MENU
           is displayed.


To select one category - highlight
with up or down Arrow keys and press
the Enter key.
To select more than one category- -
highlight with up or down Arrow keys
and press IMS' key to mark (diamond?
selection. Continue until all select-
ions are narked Cand highlighted) and
prea* the Enter key.
To select all categories - highlight
"All of the Above" and press the Enter
key.


L-CES MAIN MENU
Select the L-CES categories
you would like to evaluate.
Leachate Head
Pipe Strength
Storm Capacity
Clogging
All of the Above
Return to the Main Menu


F3 Select Pg 1 of 1
Space Cont. F4 View F6 Display KB F10 Quit
           L-CES is comprised  of the Leachate Head, Pipe Strength, Storm
           Capacity,  and  Clogging  categories.   You can  evaluate  one
           category,  a   combination  of . categories,  or   all  of  the
           categories during a consultation.
          Press the down Arrow key to highlight "All of the Above", then press the Ehterkey.^

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                                                                         40

2.   -- •    L-CES  begins  by collecting  data  for  the  leachate  layer
           configuration.

           Select the component* layers that are present in the  leachate
           collection system.

           Press the Arrow key to highlight 'COLLECTION DRAINAGE' layer and press the INS
           key to, mark it

           Press the Arrow key to highlight 'TOP LINER GeoM' and press the INS key to mark
           it
                                                                i
           Press the Arrow key to highlight 'PRIMARY CLAY LINER' and press the INS key to
           mark it

           Make  sure that  only  these  three  component  layers   are
           highlighted and  marked before  proceeding.  An unmarked  and
           highlighted choice  - when  pressing the  Enter key - will  be
           selected by the  system and may change the conclusions  of this
           consultation.  To de-select  an unwanted choice,  highlight  it,
           then press the INS key to remove the mark.

           Press the Enter key to select these, three > leachate collection system .layers.
3".: .   —"•    The; nexte soreenvdisplaysซ1j:"<3rs^d^                  A^ A/
           to" this  question  would  prompt the  system  to ask  the layer
           densities  individually .,               .                     "

     . .     Press. the. Mntef key to .seteci'yesL

4.   -     Enter the  thickness of the  Final Cap layer.
           (inches, feet,  or centimeters)
           =>   Type '100' and press the Enter key.

           At the pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.

5~   -     Enter the. thickness of  the Haste Layer,  (inches,  feet,  or
           centimeters)
           =>   Type '1500' and press the Enter key.

           At the popr-up menur highlight 'centimeters.' and press the Enter key.

6.   -     Enter the  thickness of the  Collection Drainage layer.
           (inches, feet,  or centimeters)
           =>   Type '60' and press the Enter key.

           Enter "GEO"  if the layer is a  geosynthetic.

           At the pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.  •

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                                                                                 41
7.
8.
10,
Enter  the thickness of  the Top- Liner GeoM.  (mils)
=>   Type '30' and pressr the Enter key.

Enter  the thickness of. the Primary Clay Liner .layer-
 (inches, feet, or centimeter)
=>   Type '60' and press the Enter key.

Enter  ปGEOป* if- the layer? is  a geosynthetic.

At the pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.

At this  point,  you have  the  option  to  edit  any  previous
entries in  the left window.

Is the information in the left window correct?

Highlight "No" and press the Enter key.
 r-EDIT LAYER COMPONENTS -
  Final Cap: t.9 ft   Cap Density: T20
  Waste! 29.5 ft     Waste Density: 80,

  Collection Filter:. ,
  Collection Filter Density: ,120     ;
             Co I lectf on-: DpainageK-' ti.
             Collection Density: 130

             Top L'iner ffeoH: 5 mils
             Primary Clay Liner:
             Primary 'Clay Liner Density: 120

             Detection -Pi tter r
             Detection Filter Density: 120

             Detection Drainage: 1.968 ft
             Detection Drainage Density: 130
i—Enter rnformation-
        EDIT DATA
 • ,
 To correct the information
 in the left window,,, press
 the F3 key to select the
 •informatiorr'.and then-pr.ess
 the F4 key to re-enter the
 new: information.   "J,-,

 After you have re-entered
 the new information, press
 the Enter key.
             Space Cont.
                        F3 Select
                        FA-View
                        F6 Display KB
                                                 Pg 1 of 1
                                                 F10 Quit
            To edit the "Collection  Drainage" data,

            Press the F3 key to highlight "Collection Drainage" and press tire F4 key.

            Enter the thickness  of the Collection Drainage layer.'
            (inches,  feet,  or centimeters)  •
            => Type '50' and press the Enter key.

            Enter  "NP"  if  layer is  not  present  or  "GEO"  if  layer is a
            Geosynthetic.

            At the pop-up menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key.

            'Once again  you .have  the option  to   edit  data  in the  left
            window.   Any  entry,  when selected  (P3 key), will  reveal  the
            original  prompt or menu that you made  your selection from (P4
            key) .

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                                                                      42

          When you are satisfied that all the data in the left window is
          carrect,

          Press the Enter key to exit the EDIT DATA screen.            •

          Is the information in the left window correct?

          Press the Enter key to select 'Yes".
"PAUSE". Do not press  any  keys as the Pipe Strength category is loading.

1.   -    Select the [specifications] that are the s'ame for all  pipes in
          the leachate collection system.

          If the pipes are the same in all aspects, select "All of the
          Above".

          Hypertext in the right window is  highlighted in red. Hypertext
          allows you to learn more about  a...topic or concept. - in this,
          case [specifications].

          Press the F4 function key to view the hypertext explanation.




„ 	 _.ฃ. 	 „._;__
0 i ameter- refewto* thw< Enomirwfcl'- •


pipe di-ameter.' ^ .
"Type-of-bedding" is determined by the kind of materials
supporting and surrounding the- pipes. It is used by- the program
for determining the [deflection] of [flexible] pipe.
The; [schedule! isv required; onty
thickness from a data table.
t<
*ซ*-ซ**••*ป**-ซ*-*-
The • [perforations! refer to the size and to the
number of holes per length of pipe.
'

F1 Help F5 Select
Spac* Cant. F4 View


,.v ...... --.-. .





Pff t Of 1
FS DOS F10 Quit
          A  hypertext window  now appears  to  explain specifications.
          Embedded within this text are several  other hypertext options,
          as  indicated  by  red  and  black  text.   To select  another
          hypertext, press the P3 function key to move  from hypertext to
          hypertext.  When the hypertext you want is highlighted  (red),
          press the P4 function key  to view its explanation in another
          hypertext window.  At this point you  may'wish to select more
          hypertext and observe how the hypertext windows  layer Kon each
          other as  more hypertext is  selected. When  you  are finished
          browsing,      .

-------
                                                                         43

           Press the ESC key until you return to, the original prompt.      .    ,

           Highlight "All of the Above''and press the Enter key.

2.   —    Select  the pipe material.

           Press the Enter key to select 'PVC'.

3.   -    Enter  the . [modulus ofL elasticity!  of the  pipe construction
           material.
           =>   Press the Enter key to accept default '142000'

     '      To change entry, press  Backspace key until default  answer is
           deleted  and then type new entry.

4.   -    Select  the [schedule] of  the pipes.

           Press the Arrow key to highlight '120' and press the Enter key.

5.   -    Select  the  [nominalJ  size of the pipes. Cinches)

           Press the Arrow key to highlight '10rand press the Enter key.

6.  • -   • Ar 'Data, on the uniform  pipe," box appears an,,the,,right screen
           and  displays  ttte  O.D.   (outer  dimension}1,  '•tKe"v"X".D^ '(inner
           dimension),  and the  pipei.,:thickness.:-    Y.OU may  edit either
           dimension by using  F3 - F4  hypertext keys  and typing in new
           entry.

           Press the Enter key to continue.

7.   -    Enter the  [bedding constant].
           =>   Press the Enter key to accept default '.11'

           To change entry, press  Backspace key until default  answer is
           deleted  and "then type new entry.

8.   -    Enter the  [modulus of soil  reaction]  for the drainage layer
           soil or material.
           =>   Press the Enter key to accept default '600'

           To change entry, press  Backspace key until default, answer is
           deleted  and then type new entry.

9.   -    Are the  pipes installed in a drainage  trench?

           Press the Arrow key to,highlight "A/a1' and press th& Enter key.

10.  -    Enter the diameter of the pipes perforations,  (inches)
           =>   Type 'T and press the Enter key.

           If the perforations are not round, enter the width of the slots.

-------
11.
12
                                                                    44

Please-fill in the blanks...
There are =>     	      [perforations]  or  slots  per  row for a
                      .(foot)  length pipe.
            Type '5' and press the Enter key.

            Type '1' and press the Enter key.
r-EDIT PIPE STRENGTH-
             Uniform pipes: (Y/M) yes
             Pipe Material: PVC
             Pipe Material Flexible: (Y/N) yes
             Modulus of Elasticity: 142000 psi
             Load Bearing Strength: N/A psi

             Pipe Size: 10       00: 10.750 in
             Pipe Schedule: 120   Thickness: 0.593 in
             Bedding Constant: 0.11
             Modulus of Soil Reaction: 600 psi

             Trench Installation: (Y/H) no
             Trench Depth: H/A
             Trench Width: N/A
             Static.Pressure: 6.68 psi
             Live Load: 50. psi

             Perforation Width: 1 in
             Perforations / ft: 5
r—Enter Information-
                                    Is the information in
                                    the Left Window correct?
                                          Yes
                                          No
             Space Cent.
                        F3 Select.
                        F4 View
                       F6 Display KB
            Rg;.T of 1;
            F10 Quit
            Now the Pipe Strength category has been completed.   Again you
            have  the option to  correct any information in the left window
            by using the EDIT DATA 'procedure

            Is. the information in the left window correct?

            Press the Enter key to select 'Yes".
"PAUSE".  Do not press any  keys as  the Leachate Head category is  loading..

1.    —     Is there a uniform slope, for  the leachate collection pipes?

            Press the Enter key to select "Yes".

2.    -     Enter the maximum  [precipitation]   that can occur  in a month,
            (inches)                     .
            =>    Type'20'and press the Enter key.

3.    -     Enter the coefficient of^ [permeability] of the sand or soil  in
          . the drainage layer.
            =>    Type "ie-2' and press the Enter key.

4. •   -     Enter the   [spacing]  between  the  leachate  collection pipes.
            (inches,  feet, centimeters)
            =>    Type '150' and press the Enter key.

-------
                                                                              45'
6.
         - At the pop-up, menu, highlight 'centimeters' and press the Enter key*

           Enter the  [slope angle]   of the leachate collection  drainage
           pipes  (percent, degrees)
           =>   Type '3' and press the Enter key.

           At the pop-up menu, press the Enter key to select 'percent'..
r-EDIT LEACHATE HEAD——	

 Uniform Slope: Uniform Spacing

 Precipitation: 20 inches/month

 Infiltration Ratei .00001933 cm/sec

 Drainage Layer Permeability: 1e.-2 cm/sec

 Pipe Spacing: 4.92 ft.

 Pip* Slope* 3. percent

 Leachate Head: 1.714 cm
            PASSED
r-Enter Information-
                                                Is the information in
                                                the Left Window correct?
                                                     Yes
                                                     No
             Space Cont.
                       F3 Select
                       F4 View
                       F6 Display KB
            Pg 1 of 1
            F10 Quit
           Now the  Leachate Head  category has been completed.  Again you
           have the. option, to corrector any ioif.QrTOat;ic^...ija.--.tJae^lfce€.fe.- window,.
           by using the  EDIT DATA.1

           Is the  information  in the  left window  correct?
       }

           Press the Enter key to select "Yes".



"PAUSE". Do not press any keys  as the  Storm Capacity category is  loading.
1.
2.
3.
Enter the number  of pipes  entering the leachate  collection-
stamp .  •
—> Type.'10'and press the Enter key.         .

Select the  [specifications]  that are the same  for all pipes
leading  into the leachate collection sump   If the  sump pipes
are  the  same in all aspects,  select All of  the Above.

Press the Arrow key to highlight 'All of the Above' and press the Enter key.

Select the pipe material .that empty into the collection sump.

Press the Enter key to select 'PVC'.

-------
                                                                   46

Select the  [nominal]   size of  the sump pipes, (inches)

Press the Arrow key to highlight '10' an& press the Enter key.

Select the  [schedule]  of the  sump pipes;

Press the Arrow key to highlight '120' and press the Enter key.

A  'Data  on the uniform  pipe1 box  appears on  the right screen
and  displays   the   O.D.    (outer   dimension),   I.D.   (inner
dimension) ,  and pipe thickness.  You may edit either dimension
by using F3  - F4 (hypertext keys and typing in new  entry.

Press the Enter key to continue.

Enter the  [percent slope]   of the leachate collection sump.
=>   Type '3' and press the Enter key.

At the pop-up menur press the Enter key to'select 'percent'.

Enter the drainage area  of  the  landfill,  (acres  or  square
feet)
=> Type '40' and:press the. Enter key.

M the, pop^up^menLLpfess.^^ Enter key to^select 'acres'.      -    ^  .........

Enter the rainfall'intensity of a  [25 year] design storm, (per
day)
=> Type 12 and press the Enter key.
 -SDIT STORM CAPACITY'	-
  Number of Pipes: 10   Uniform Pipes:-yes

  Pipe Material: PVC

  Roughness Factor: 0.017

  Pipe Size: 10

  Pipe Schedule: .120

  Pipe Inner Diameter: 3.964 in.

  Pipe Slope: 3 X

  Landf i 11 Drainage Area:. 40 acres-

  Rain Depth: 12 in per day

  Drain time:
  Space Cent.
F3 Select
F4 View
                       i—Enter" Informal i on-
                        Is the information in
                        the Left Window correct?
F6 Display KB
                             Yes
                             Mo
Pg J of
F10 Quit
Now the Storm Capacity category has been completed.   Again you
have the option to correct any information  in the left window
by  using the EDIT  DATA function.

-------
                                                                         47

           Is the information in  the left window correct?

           Press the Enter key to select "Yes".

"PAUSE".  Do not press any keys as  the Clogging category  is  loading.

1.   -     Enter the   [D15]   of the WASTE, AND BACKFILL that is above the
           COLLECTION DRAINAGE layer,  (mm, inches or [sieve number])
           => Type '200' and press the  Enter key.

           At the pop-up menu, highlight 'sieve size' and press the Enter key.

2.   -     Enter the   [D50]   of the WASTE AND BACKFILL that is .above the
           COLLECTION^DRAINAGE layer,  (mm, inches or [sieve number])
           => Type '50' and press the Enter key.

           At the pop-up menu, highlight 'sieve number' then press the Enter key.

3.   -     Enter the   [D85]   of the WASTE AND BACKFILL that is above the
           COLLECTION DRAINAGE layer,  (mm, inches or [sieve number])
           => Type '10'and press the Enter key.

           At the pop-up,,mmtuf. Mghlightf!siev& numbe^:thea^press^the:ฃnter.key^^  /.

4.   -     Enter the   [D15}  ' of  the^COLLECTION: DRAINAGE" LAYER that? is
           below the  WASTE AND BACKFILL, (mm,  inches,    [sieve number] )
           => Type'25'and press the Enter key.

           At the pop-up menu, highlight *siever'number* then press the Enter key:

5.   -     Enter the   [D50]   of  the COLLECTION DRAINAGE  LAYER that  is
           below the  WASTE AND BACKFILL, (mm,  inches,    [sieve number] )
           => Type'16'and press the Enter key.

           At the pop-up menur highlight 'sieve, number' then press the Enter key.'

           The Collection Drainage  Layer  for the Clogging;  category has
           •been completed.

           Is the information in  the left window correct?    :

        •   Press the Enter key to select "Yes".

6.   -     Are the  collection pipes in the  COLLECTION DRAINAGE  LAYER
           protected  by a. filter  material?

           Highlight Yes' and press the  Enter key.

           Is the information in  the left window correct?
      •            "                  .

           Press the Enter key to select "Yes".

-------
                                                                       48

CES - Ending or Continuing the Consultation

1.   -     At the Summary Report Menu (see Section 8.1)

           Press the down Arrow key 1 time to highlight "Display the Summary Report' option
           and then press the Enter key.

           Press the PgUp and PgDn keys to scroll through the Summary Report,

           Press the Esc key when finished.

           The   Summary  Report  will  list  the  recommendations  and
           conclusions that are determined by  a module  consultation (see
           Section 7,3) .

2.   -     To return to the CES -Main Menu,

           Press the Arrow key to highlight "Return to the Main Menu" and press the Enter key.

3.   -   -At this point, you have three options  available to you at the
       ,    CES  MAIN MENU:

           I.    Select  the game  module  for  a  different"  RCRA Part B
                application...,
                Select the ;' Start? :Neซ Ceiisuita^i^n: coinmandAat:>ttie CES
           .....    MENU.  You will be prompted to enter a new filename (see
                Section  3. l)r,  enter new preliminary data  (see  Section
                3.2), and to select the module from the CES MAIN MENU.

           2.    Select  a different module  for  the , same . RCRA  Part  B
                application.

                Select a different module from the CES MAIN MENU.   You
                will move directly to the first prompt of the new module.
                You will retain the same  filename and  preliminary data
                for the1 consultation.

           3-    Exit the CES system.

                Select the End Consultation command to exit to DOS.  Your'
                consultation will automatically be saved to the filename
                you have specified at the beginning of the consultation.


           To exit the CES system, highlight "End Consultation" and then press the Enter key.

           (If you have already completed the V-CES and/or F-CES. sample
           sessions (see Section 5.2 and/or 6.2),  you will now be asked
           if  you want to update the "Acme"  file  (see  Section 3.1)

           Press the Enter key to select "YES".)

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                                                                       49

 7.3 L-CES Sample Summary .Report          ,

 When you have completed the L-CES sample consultation (see Section 7.2), the following Summary
 Report will appear on the output device (screen or printer) you have selected (See Section 8.1 for
 an explanation of each of'the SUMMARY REPORT MENU "output" options that are available
 to you).



                     Closure Evaluation System  -  CES

 A  formal  review   of -CES  has  yet  to  be  completed,   therefore  the
 recommendations determined by CES  should not be presumed  to represent
 current U.S. EPA policy and no official endorsement should be inferred.


          Leachate Collection  Evaluation System (L-CES) module
                             Summary Report

 This L-CES Summary  Report lists final cover design recommendations for
 the following  applicant:  Acme Landfill . „

 Date:  7/4/1992
 Reviewers John Q. Public^ .      •.•>'..
 Comments:

                                                             *
                       I. Pipe Strength  Category

 Applicant supplied  Leaehates layer, inforjaatiaEU

 Layers included/in  design:                  ,
 Waste
 Collection Filter
 Primary Clay Liner

 Final Capr3.2  ft.
 Cap Density:120 Ib/ft3
 Waste:49.2 ft.
 Waste Density:80 Ib/ft3
 Collection Filter:1.968 ft.
 Collection Filter Density:12O Ib/ft3
 Collection Drainage:NP  ft.
 Collection Density:NP Ib/ft3
 Top Liner GeoM:30 mils
 Primary Clay Liner:!.968  ft.                            .„
 Primary Clay Liner  Densityil2Q lb/fta
 Detection FilterrNP ft.
 Detection Filter Density:NP Ib/ft3
•Detection Drainage:NP ft.
 Detection Drainage  Density:130  Ib/ft3
  NA indicates that  layer  is not included in the design:
  GEO indicates  that the layer is composed of geosynthetic.

-------
                                                            .50

Uniform pipes: yes
Uniform.pipes characteristics:  [diameter,material,schedule,bedding]
Pipe Material: PVC
Pipe Material Flexible: yes
Modulus of Elasticityr 142000
Load Bearing Strength: N/A
Pipe Size: 10
Pipe Schedule: 120
Bedding Constant t. - 0 ป11
Modulus of Soil Reaction: 600
Trench Installation: no
Trench Depth: N/A
Trench Width: N/A                              •
Perforation width: 1
Perforations / foot: 5      .
Static Pressure: 6.84
Live Load: 50
Pipe OD: 10.750  in
Pipe Thickness: 0.593  in

                          Recommendations:

40CFR  264.301(a)(2)(i)(B)  requires  landfill  leachate  collection and
removal systems to be  'of sufficient strength,and thickness to prevent
collapse under pressures- exerted by any overlying wastes,  waste  cover
materials,, -..and..by any -equipment ;;..-usecL; at, the ,landfill/.^

A flexible pipes,, PVC, is being reviewed; by-  ErCES;.:- S; larger part  of
flexible pipe's  ability tcr support vertical  load  is derived  from the
passive pressures induced as  the sides move outward  against the  soil.
Flexible pipes, normally  do not fail due to rupture of the  pipe walls,
but, by defleAtlon^_TJaer.efor,e. the,, design- aamsidararfcien* Qฃ, f le^i^e^ pip^
is that it have a deflection of:less than 5%.         :           .

Effective  pressure  is- the  combined" weights  of all  layers above the
collection layer pipes,  multiplied by a compensating factor to account
for the perforations in the collection pipes.  The effective pressure  is
85.71 psi.

Reviewer  has indicated  that  all pipes  in  the system  are  of uniform
construction.  The pipes are not-considered, structurally sound as their
deflections  is greater than 5%.              • .

This concludes L-CES's review  of pipe strength.
                     II.  Leachate Head Category

The following a listing of the applicant supplied data used by L-CES to
determine the leachate  head  in the primary drainage layer:

Uniform Slope Uniform Spacing
Precipitation 20  Inches/month
Infiltration Rate 0.00001933 cm/sec
Drainage Layer Permeability  1E-2  cm/sec

-------
Pipe Spacing  4.92  ft
Pipe Slope 3  percent
                            Recommendations:
Leachate head is the amount of contaminated liquid which accumulates at
the collection  layer bottom of the leachate collection system.   40  CFR
264.301(a)(2) mandates that the  design  and operating conditions of  a
landfill does not, exceed a leachate head  depth of 30 cm (one foot) .   The
amount of  leachate, head was calculated based upon  the precipitation or
infiltration rate of the landfill, the,,drainage layer permeability,  the
pipe slopes and pipe spacings.

The following equation is  used to determine: maximum~ieac&ateheadrrt:,..;.

     hmax  ซ L/2 * '(cA0.5)  (tanA2s/2  -t- 1  -  tan s/c(tanA2s +  c)AOr5-)

 where:    c = q/k
           k = permeability                „         •
           q = flow  rate
           s = drainage layer slope angle
           L — distance between drain pipes

The calculations  for leachate  head,  based on the assumption that  all
collection^pipes:,in,.,the leachate  collection layer  are of uniform slope
and  spacing,  indicates  the  design  passes the  Agency  criteria   of
maintaining: a leachate depth of one foot.  (30 cm)

The calculations indicate  a leachate head  of 1.714  centimeters.
             v.

This concludes-  L-CES.Is. review- oฃ, the, maximum, head,,
                         III.  Storm  Capacity

The following a listing of the applicant supplied data used by L-CES to
determine the storm capacity  of_ the primary drainage layer:


Number of pipes: 10
Uniform pipes characteristics:  [diameter,material,slope,schedule]
Pipe Material: PVC
Roughness Factor? 0.017
Pipe Size: 10 inchest.
Pipe Schedule: 120
Pipe Inner Diameter: 8.964 inches
Pipe Slope: 3 %
Landfill Drainage Area:  40 acres
Rainfall Depth: 12 inches per yeair

The storm  capacity module  is  based  on  Darcy's Law  and' the Manning
Equation to  determine the"  storm capacity of  the- leachate collection
system.  The flow for a  25-year storm is calculated  using  the drainage
area'and the rainfall intensity. ' The hydraulic-capacity is determined
by adding the flow capacities of the  individual  sump pipes.

-------
                                                                    52
The proposed leachatecollection  system  passes the EPA requirement of
"draining to less than one foot of head within four days after a 25-year
design storm with a 24-hour duration".

      Time for drainage is 2.232 hours.

      This concludes L-CES's review of for storm capacity.
                        IV.  Clogging category

The  leachate  collection and  removal system  should be overlain  by a
graded granular or synthetic fabric filter.  The purpose of this is to
prevent clogging of the pores  in  the drainage layer of the'collection
system by infiltration of fine particles from the waste.   EPA guidance
uses the Army Corps of  Engineers'  criterion for this purpose which is
widely used in construction to prevent  clogging (binding)  of drainage
media/  40CFR 264-.301(a) (2)  (ii>  requires  the. Leachate collection and
removal system to be "designed and operated to function without clogging
through,; the scheduled closure of the landfill".

      There appears-to be no problems with clogging- or piping in
      This concludes LUGES's review of for storm capacity;~

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                                                                                  53
 8>0  RUNNING the  SYSTEM  - ENDING a CONSULTATION
A consultation with a module is completed and control is again" restored to CES when the
SUMMARY REPORT MENU (see Figure 8-1) appears.  This indicates that the information you
have entered has been analyzed by the module consultation you have just completed and allows
you to produce a Summary Report (see Section 8.1) of the consultation.  After the Summary
Report has been produced, you can either begin evaluating another module or exit CES (see
section 82).

8.1 The SUMMARY REPORT MENU

When a consultation-wife a module is completed, control is again restored back to the CES,&ystem.,
and the SUMMARY REPORT MENU (see Figure 8-1) appears on the screen that allows yoirtff
specify the destination of the Summary Report.   The  Summary Report  will list RCRA
recommendations and conclusions that are determined by a module consultation.
              Closure Evaluation System
U.S. EPA, RREL
Cincinnati, OH
                                   SUMMARY REPORT MENU
                         Summary Report generated.  Select output method.
                            Display the Summary Report on the screen
                           Print the Summary Report on system printer
                             Save the Summary Report as a text file
                                  Edit the Summary Report
                                   Return^
                                     Figure  8-1 •

You can select one, or any combination of options from the SUMMARY REPORT MENU. These'
options are described below.                                                   •

The Display the  summary report on the screen option, presents the Summary Report
on the monitor screen. Scroll through the entire summary report by using, the PgUp and PgDn
keys.  Press the  Enter key to return to the Summary Report Menu.

The Print the summary report on the  printer option, sends the Summary Report to
the system printer (DOS device PRN). If for some reason the printer is  not ready to  accept
information (not turned on, out of paper, etc.)ป the CES system, will display an error message and
give you a chance to correct the problem. Alternatively;- yotr may press the Esc key to cancel the

-------
                                                                                 54

print command and return to the Summary Report Menu.

The Save  the  summary report as  a  new  text  file option, allows you to save an
additional copy of the consultation to be used exclusively with your wordprocessing software. You
cannot re-load this file back into CES1 After selecting this option, you will be prompted to enter
a,, filename. The? name you enter must be a legal DOS file specification (eight alpha/numeric
letters) and should contain a ".DOC" extension.  Legal file names are described in the MS-DOS
user's guide. If the filename you specify already exists, the system will prompt for verification that
the file is to be overwritten, or allow you to change the file name.

Once  you enter a filename, the Summary Report will be saved in ASCII format. You caij then
import the ASCII file into your own word processing environment, where you can format, edit, and
print the report using the word processing methods with which you are familiar. To do so, use the
file import function in your wordprocessing software.

The following are some examples of the import commands from popular word processing packages:

      *     WORDPERFECT - press  Shift Eio (Retrieve)

      *     Microsoft WORD - from Menu, press the T  (ransfer)  and  L  (oad)   keys

      *     WordStar - press Ctrl K and then R

To return to the SurmTiary^Report'Memr after
The Edit the summary report option, allows you to edit the Summary Report within CES.
You can use the following standard keyboard actions to move around and edit the .summary report.

      <-          Move cursor left
      ->          Move cursor right
      Home       Move to beginning of the response
      End,        Move to the end of the response
      Del         Delete character under cursor
      Bksp       Delete character to the left of the cursor                           ,
      AY (CtrlY)   Delete the response
      rns         Insert on/off

When you are finished editing, press the Ese key to return to the Summary Report Menu.

The Exit program option, allows you to exit the Summary Report Menu and return you to the ',
MAIN MENU.  At this point, you can consult any module or Exit the system to DOS.

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                                                                                  55
8.2 Ending or Continuing a Consultation
After you have selected the Exit program option, from the SUMMARY REPORT MENU, the
MAIN MENU (see Figure 8-2) will reappear. At this point, you have three options available to
you at the CES MAIN MENU:

At this point, you: have three options available to you at the CES MAIN MENU:

1.    Select the same module for a different RCRA Part B application.

      Select the start  New consultatiori  command at the CES MAIN MENU.  You will
      be prompted to enter a new filename (see Section 3.1), enter new preliminary data (see
      Section 3.2), and to select the module from the CES MAIN MENU.

2.    Select a different module for the same RCRA Part B application.

      Select a different module from the CES MAIN MENU.  You will move= directly to the first
      prompt of the new module. You will retain the same filename and preliminary data for the
      consultation.

3.    Exit the, CES system.,  -.

      Select the End  consultation:,  command to exit to DOS.   Your consultation will
      automatically be saved to the filename you  have specified  at  the beginning-of the
      consultation.


CES MAIN MENU
Select a closure Module to evaluate.
V-CES * Vegetative Cover Evaluation System
F-CES * Final Cover Evaluation System
L-CES * Leachate Collection Evaluation System ,
End Consultation
Start New Consultation

•
*
             F1 Help
                                                    DOS
F1&Quit
                                    Figure 8-2

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                                                                           56

 9.0  TROUBLE SHOOTING	


 9*1 Error Messages

 The, following are some common error messages (in bold text) which might appear on your screen
 at the beginning of, and during a consultation:


 The  CES  system  is  written  in  a commercial  software package  called
,KnowledgePro.   One  of the  disadvantages of this software is that uses
 only conventional RAM memory  (640k).

 A CES  program  error  check has  determined that  your computer does  not
 have  enough  free  memory  to  run  CES.    It  is  suggested  that  your
 "autoexec.bat" file  and  "config.sys" file be  reviewed to  see if  any
 unneeded  programs can be removed.

 If this problem continues call  the Technical Support number in the CES
 User's Guide.

 CES ia reporting your free RAM  as s          ,

 This;:message results, whe%CES,has;,determined that,yaur,computer;:does, nQt;,have,enough,,
 conventional memory. ,As,iheปmessages.tates,,yaumayibe.required to. review and;.reconfigure;both.
 the "autoexec.bat" and "config.sys" in order to ran GES; The CES systems, needs a minimum of
 500k free RAM in order to run efficiently. Call our technical support number if you need
 assistance.

 The CES  system produces  several  files during  a consultation. Problems
 can result if your hard disk becomes full during a CES consultation.  An
 internal  CES system  check has  determined there is  only        of disk
 storage space  left on your  hard drive.  It is suggested that  there be at
 least one Megabyte  of free space  on  your hard disk in order to run CES.

 Please press the "F10" key to abort the CES session.

 This message will occur when the hard disk, on which, CES is residing, has less than 1 Megabyte
 of free.space.  You  must exit the system and "free up" additional space.  .Ordinarily, it is
 recommended that a PC hard drive have approximately 2 Megabytes of marginal space.
 Not enough memory  to run DOS.

 This message occurs when you attempt to run DOS during the consultation (by pressing the P8 key)
 and there is insufficient memory to do so. CES, when in operation, will take up most of the 640K
 memory available on your PC. When this message is displayed, press the SPACE bar to erase the
 message and continue the consultation.

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                                                                                 57

Warning - Continuing may cause  a crash.  You have (number) bytes of stack
space  remaining.

This message results from insufficient memory and usually appears when using the hypertext
function. You WILL NOT have enough memory to continue with the consultation because V-CES
is using most of the 640K memory available on your PC. When this message is displayed, you likely
WELL NOTbe able to re-enter the consultation and ALL the data^yourhave'entered may be-LOST.
It may be necessary to remove residentmemory software or modify your autoexec,bat - please call
the software support number (below) if this problem continues.
The minimum value of  (variable name) is (number).

This message is displayed when you have entered a value which is less than the minimum amount
allowed by a question. Press ENTER and you will be able to enter another value.


The maximum value of  (variable name) is (number).

This message is. displayed when you have entered a value which is more than the maximum amount
allowed by a question. Press ENTER and you will be able to enter another value.


Line too long.

This message is displayed when you attempt to enter over 255 characters (per line) in the comment
box at the beginning of the_CQns.u,Ltation,,.Eu.n.the_system.again and shorten, your response.


Disk write  error.

This error appears when V-CES is trying to, write a file to your hard disk and it is full. You must
make room, on your hard disk by deleting some other files.


Drive  not ready*

This error occurs if you are trying to access a floppy disk drive and.it either does not contain a disk,-
or the drive is not properly locked.
Unable -to create  directory.

This is not a problem, but just indicates that the copy of the program on the fixed disk is being
replaced by the version on the installation floppy.

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                                                                                 58

9.2 Technical Support

CES was developed by the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Version 1.0 of the GES system is being distributed on a limited basis for the
purpose of field testing and to obtain feedback concerning the system's performance and content.
As  stated  in the disclaimer, this system has not undergone Agency  review  and  no official
endorsement by the; U.S. EPA should be inferred.  We welcome your comments regarding the CES
system and would appreciate if you could jot them down on the USER EVALUATION FORM at
the beginning of this manual. Please address them to:

                              Daniel  6. Great house
                                    U.S.  EPA
                   Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
                         26 W.  Martin Luther King Dr.
                            .Cincinnati,  Ohio 45268

If problems are encountered which cannot  be  solved using the information in this manual,
telephone support is provided free of charge. To report problems and/or obtain assistance call:
                                    Tom Adams
                        Computer Sciences Corporation
                        '
Check out the ORD Electronic Bulletin Board System (BBS) at (513) 569-7610 for updates to this
system and information about other available expert, systems. If you have any questions or problems
gaining access to this bulletin board, call Tom Adams at (513) 569-7866.

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                                                                                                   59

 APPENDIX A    -  Sources


 1)    .  A Revegetative Guide for Conservation Use in Alaska. C.A. Miller. S. Wright T. S. Ward. D. Ouarberg, T.A.
        Weiland, C. Ceilings, and M. Springer, Cooperative Extension Service -U. of Alaska & USDA Cooperating.

 2)      Cover? for Uncontrolled-Hazardous Waste Sites. C.C McAneny, P.O. Tucker, J.M. Morgan, C.R. Lee, M.F.
        Kelley, and R.C. Horz, US Army Corps of Engineer Waterways Experiment Station for U.S. EPA, Hazardous
        Waste Engineering Laboratory, (EPA, 1985. Report No. EPA/540/2-85/002).

 3)      Clogging of Leachate Collection Systems Used in Hazardous Waste Land Disposal Facilities. C.W. Young, TJ.
        Nunno, M.R. Jasinski, D.R. Colgey, GCA Corp./Technology Division, January 1983.

 4)      Design. Construction, and Evaluation of Clay Liners for Waste Management Facilities. (EPA/530/SW-86/F),
        November 1986.

 5)      Design. Construction and Maintenance of Cover Systems for Hazardous Waste: An Engineering Document. R J.
        Lutton, US Army Engineer  Waterways Experiment Station for U.S. EPA, Hazardous  Waste  Engineering
        Research Laboratory, undated.

 6)      Designing-With Geosvnthetics. Second Edition, R. M. Koerner, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs. NJ. 1986,

 7)      Guide to Technical Resources for the Design of Land Disposal Facilities. (EPA/625/6-88/018), 1988.

 8),     Geosvnthetic Leachate Collection Systems. R. Landreth. U.S.. EPA/RREL. August 1989.

 9)      Hazardous Waste Land Disposal / Land Treatment Facilities. Headquarter Department of the Army, (ARMY
        TM 5-814-7), November 1984.

 10)     Hazardous Wastfr Management Practices;- Hi Koch;; Warzytt-Engineering liiev, January 1990;

 11)     Minimum Technology Guidance on Double Liner Systems for Landfills  and Surface  Impoundments: Design.
        Construction, and Operation.  (EPA/530-sw-87-014), April, 1987.

 12)     Minimum Technology Guidance on Final Covers for Landfills & Surface Impoundments. Section IV (Draft-Third
        Version U.S. EPA, EPA/530/SW.86), July 1986.

 13)     Permit Applicant's Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste and Treatment. Storage, and Disposal Facilities. U.S.
        Environmental Protection Agency, 1984.

 14)     Predicting Soil Loss - Using the Universal Soil Loss Equation. U.S. Department of Agriculture, March 1984.

 15)     Requirements for Hazardous Waste Landfill Design. Construction, and Closure. (EPA/625/4-89/022), August
        1989.

16)     Solid Waste  Landfill Design and Operation Practices. D.Brunner, D.  Keller, U.S EPA Office of Solid Waste,
        April 1989.

17)     Technical Guidance Document: Final Covers on Hazardous Waste Landfills and Surface Impoundments (EPA,
        1989. Report No. EPA/530-SW-89-047)                              -

18)     1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol. 08.04 Plastic Pipe and Building Products, 1990..

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                                                                                  60
  APPENDIX B -  CES System FLOWCHARTS
                CES and V-CES Module FLOWCHART
CO
LU
O
                               Filename
                   Your own filename OR default filename

                             Preliminary Data
                 Site name, Reviewer name, Date, and Comments

                            CES MAIN MENU
                          Module Selection; V-CES
CO
LU
O
          I

I. Grass & Groundcover
     Characteristic?

         State;;     -

     Growing Regiorr

       Topsoil pH

    Aver.. Precipitation.

r*" Grass & Groundcover
        Listing

  Would you like to add?

  	Y   r N
                r
               EDIT
        f? informationcorrect?
             Y     N	
             I	
                      
                                                                           CQ
                                                                           (0
CO
LU
O
                              •    r.
                        SUMMARY REPORT MENU
                            "Output Options*

                         .' CES MAIN MENU
                     Begin, End, Continue Consultation

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CO
ill
o
               CES  and F-CES Module FLOWCHART
             Filename
  Your own filename OR default filename

            Preliminary Data
Site name, Reviewer name, Date, and Comments

           CES MAIN MENU
        Module Selection; F-CES
                               Select Topmost Layer
                     (Vegetative/Sdif Top or Surface Armor/Soil Top }


                               Layer Selection Process
                   (Filter;:Drainages BiatioSarner;-Low-Permeability, etc.)
CO
LLJ
0
Lป-LAYER2
1 More
J, Layers?
•1
[-ป-• LAYERS
1 More
^ Layers?
component^) 	 > [Yl • • •
(ifanyX [g]
1
r*- LAYER N
1 M
4/ Lav
component^) 	 >(T
/If 4nuV<
\fl^.mป-f-ff^:
ore
ors?
3
                               Is layer configuration correct?
                                                      Remove, Change, Add,
                                                      or MakaNo Change
                               Layer by Layer Input
        (Enter depth, permeability, USC, slope, etc, - depending on layer components)
                           Option to Edit after Each Layer
CO
LU
o
       SUMMARY REPORT MENU
            "Output Options"

           CES MAIN MENU
    Begin,.End, Continue Consultation

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CES
                                                                                         62
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