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minimize the need for disposal include the
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- Purchase small quantities & avoid over-
stocking and stockpiling.
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some highly mobile and toxic wastes. In some
cases inorganic pesticides or liquid pesticide
wastes containing about 5 percent organic ma-
terial can be solidified or stabilized prior to
disposal in a landfill. Mercury, lead, cadmium,
and arsenic, as well as inorganic compounds
that are highly mobile in soil, can be encapsu-
lated in concrete or other stable material. This
will retard mobility and contain the wastes in a
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notbe in erosion gullies, sinks, dry watercourses,
pesticides, 3) chlorinated hydrocarbons, and 4)
miscellaneous chemicals. Treatability screen-
ing studies were conducted to determine degra-
dation rates, partition coefficients among air,
water, soil and oil phases, and transformation
characteristics. The quantitative information
developed for a subset of the tested chemicals
was input into two mathematical models spe-
cifically designed to describe the soil treatment
process.
or quarries. Protection of ground and surface
waters should be a major consideration.
• SW-874 Hazardous Waste LandTreat-
ment — This document is a practical reference
for people involved in design and design re-
view, beginning with site selection and waste
characterization and progressing through facil-
ity design, operation, and closure. Information
on the fate of both inorganic and organic com-
pounds in the soil environment is included and
stances may retard solidification and affect its
mechanical strength; water soluble pesticides
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Disposal in Carefully Managed Landfills
A disposal option for small amounts of
some solid pesticides, or small amounts of
provides a basis for developing treatment dem-
onstrations. Non-hazardous waste constituents
are also discussed because they are likely to be
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waste landfills, and offers practical and de-
tailed information on the construction of haz-
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requirements. Included are the use of clay lin-
ers, material and design considerations for flex-
ible membrane liners, liquid management in-
cluding leachate collection and removal, leak
detection, collection and removal, and the sur-
verted into a solid product, is burial in a well-
managed municipal solid waste landfill. The
landfill operator must be notified of the identity
of the pesticide waste. In a well-managed land-
fill, the waste deposited each day is covered
with a layer of soil, and the soil layer is packed
using machinery. Microorganisms in the soil
layer, and in other organic materials in the
landfill, promote the breakdown of pesticide
wastes.
The landfill should be sited to ensure that
ground water will not be contaminated (as
determined by a hydrogeologic survey) or must
have a clay or synthetic liner. It should not be
face water collection system. Also discussed
are the elements of a closure system for a
completed landfill includingflexible membrane
located in areas of seismic instability, in flood-
plains, or wherever the integrity of the liner
system could be adversely affected.
ment of facilities. Waste-site interactions that
affect treatment processes are discussed as well^
as laboratory, greenhouse, and field testing
protocols for assessing land treatment perfor-
mance. Methods for calculating loading rates
and determining limiting constituents are pre-
sented. Plot layout, water control, erosion con-
trol, management of soil pH and fertility, veg-
etation establishment, waste storage facilities,
waste application methods and equipment, site
inspection, andrecordkeepingrequirements are
discussed. Monitoring procedures for waste,
soil cores, soil-pore liquids, runoff water, ground
water, and vegetation are also presented.
• EPA/600/6-88/001 Treatment Potential
for 56 EPA Listed Hazardous Chemicals in
caps, surface water collection and removal, and
gas control.
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WHO. "Public Health Impact of Pesticides Used
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iviuigcui, JL».IT. iviiiiinii/.iiig vyuv/upauuiioi XJA^UOUJ
75: 97-102.
U.S. EPA. "Pesticide Fact Sheets." United States
W c
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FAO/WHO. "Pesticide Residues in Food." Report
WHO Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues C
D « O
? SSg;
P 00 JJ3 »-«
1 Q! §• r?
5 Joint Meeting of the FAO Wor
nical Report Series, No. 592; F;
ides: Acute and Chronic Effects
;ntal Protection Agency. 1985-1
FAO. "International Code of Conduct on the Distri
1986.
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Use of Pesticides." Rome, Food i
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FAO. "Ad Hoc Government Consultation on Inter
p. 57 (AGP: 1977/M/9, Appendix IV).
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Nations, 1967.
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ESCAP. "Development/Environment Trends in A
Pacific, 1983.
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Pacific: A Regional Overview."
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CSA. "Cancer Risk of Pesticides in Agricultural
Association. 260 (1988): 959-966.
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